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4. S. Bur of labr
THIRD SPECIAL REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER OF LABOR,
L
ANALYSIS AND INDEX
OF ALL REPORTS ISSUED
BY
BUREAUS OF LABOR STATISTICS
IN THE
UNITED STATES
PRIOR TO NOVEMBER 1, 1892.
PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
COMMISSIONER OF LABOR,
FOR THE USE OF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE,
1893.
Introduction..
Analysis of reports of-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
5,6
California
Colorado
7-14
15-17
Connecticut
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Maine
Maryland.
Massachusetts
Michigan..
17-22
22-32
32-42
42-48
48-58
58-63
63-67
-
67-96
96-106
Minnesota
106-108
Missouri..
108-122
Nebraska..
122-125
New Jersey
125-148
New York
148-156
North Carolina
156-160
North Dakota.
160-162
Ohio
162-181
Pennsylvania.
182-213
Rhode Island
United States.
Wisconsin
Index...
213-218
218-235
235-240
241-376
3
INTRODUCTION.
At the beginning of November, 1892, there were in the United States,
including the federal government, twenty-eight offices popularly known
as bureaus or departments of labor. These offices have various titles,
but their duties are similar. The first office of the kind (in this or any
other country) was created by the Massachusetts legislature June 23,
1869; since which date various states have created them. Up to No-
vember 1, 1892, these various offices had issued 174 reports relating to
social and industrial matters. This great mass of material it has been
difficult to use, for lack of any clue to its contents, although the Depart-
ment is constantly called on for information which may here be found.
To meet its own needs, therefore, it has been thought wise to make an
analytical abstract and index of the contents of the reports of each state,
that immediate reference can be made to what has been treated, and to
the volume in which the treatment is contained. This analytical index
enables the Department to reply at once to such requests for informa-
tion. All reports published before November 1, 1892, are included.
While this work is not for distribution in a general way, yet it will
be found in the leading libraries of the country, where it will be placed
for purposes of reference.
The following tabular statement gives the states in which labor
bureaus are located, the official name of each bureau and title of the
head thereof, the date of the approval of the act creating the bureau,
and the frequency and number of the reports issued up to November 1,
1892.
LABOR BUREAUS IN THE UNITED STATES NOVEMBER 1, 1892.
no
!
State.
Name of office.
Title of head
of office.
Date of approval
of act creating
the office.
Reports issued.
Annual, bi- Num
ennial, etc. | ber.
Massachusetts.
Ohio
New Jersey..
Bureau of Statistics of Labor. Chief...
Pennsylvania.. Bureau of Industrial Statistics ....do (a)
Connecticut .. Bureau of Labor Statistics.... Commissioner
Bureau of Statistics of Labor.....do.
Bureau of Statistics of Labor Chief
and Industries.
.
June 23, 1869...
April 12, 1872………..do
July 12, 1873 (b)………….do
May 5, 1877.. ..do
March 27, 1878... ..do
Annual...
22
19
7
14
14
-
Indiana
Bureau of Statistics
...do ...
Missouri
Bureau of Labor Statistics and Commissioner
Inspection.
March 29, 1879... Biennial (c)
May 19, 1879 (d). Annual...
9
13
5
a From organization to May 11, 1874, commissioner.
b Abolished by act approved July 23, 1875. Reestablished by act approved April 23, 1885.
c To March 9, 1889, annual.
d This act created a bureau of labor statistics and was repealed by an act approved March 23, 1883,
which created a bureau of labor statistics and inspection.
6
INTRODUCTION.
LABOR BUREAUS IN THE UNITED STATES NOVEMBER 1, 1892-Concluded.

State.
Name of office.
Title of head
of office.
Date of approval
of act creating
the office.
Reports issued.
Annual, bi- Num-
ennial, etc. ber.
Illinois
California
Wisconsin
Bureau of Labor Statistics.... Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics..
May 29, 1879.... Biennial
6
Commissioner
March 3, 1883...
do...
4
Bureau of Labor and Indus-
....do
April 3, 1883..
..do ...
4
trial Statistics.
New York…..
Michigan.
Bureau of Labor Statistics...
Bureau of Labor and Indus-
trial Statistics.
..do
May 4, 1883..
..do
June 6, 1883..
Annual...
do
8
9
Maryland...... Bureau of Industrial Statis-
Chief..
March 27, 1884……. Biennial ..
4
Iowa
tics and Information.
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Commissioner
·
United States..
Bureau of Labor.
Do......
Department of Labor.
..do
....do.
April 3, 1884.......do
June 27, 1884(a).
June 13, 1888 (a).
4
...
Annual ..
4
Annual and
4
special.
Kansas
Bureau of Labor and Indus-
...do
March 5, 1885... Annual...
7
trial Statistics.
North Carolina. Bureau of Labor Statistics .
...do
February 28, 1887...do
5
Maine
Bureau of Industrial and La-
•
..do
March 7, 1887....
..do
LO
5
bor Statistics.
Minnesota.
Colorado
Bureau of Labor Statistics...
Bureau of Labor Statistics...
March 8, 1887.
March 24, 1887..
Biennial (b)
2
..do
2
Rhode Island..
Nebraska..
Texas..
Idaho
Bureau of Industrial Statistics
Bureau of Labor and Indus-
trial Statistics.
Department of Agriculture,
Insurance, Statistics, and
History.
..do
Deputy commis-
…….
March 29, 1887... Annual
March 31, 1887.. Biennial..
sioner. (c)
Commissioner..
Deputy commis-
sioner. (d)
....do
March 2, 1889 ..
Bureau of Immigration, La- Commissioner
bor, and Statistics.
North Dakota.. Department of Agriculture ....do
and Labor.
South Dakota.. Department of Labor and Sta-
·
August 6, 1889. Annual
5 2
October 1, 1889.. Biennial …
1
•
Commissioner .. March 7, 1890....
tistics.
Utah
Bureau of Statistics......
Territorial stat-
istician.
March 13, 1890... Annual
Tennessee
Bureau of Labor, Statistics,
....do
March 23, 1891...
and Mines.
t
a The functions of the bureau of labor ceased June 13, 1888, the date of approval of the act creating
the department of labor by which it was succeeded.
b To April 24, 1889, annual.
c The secretary of state is ex oficio commissioner.
d The governor is ex officio commissioner.
Anyone desiring to communicate with the chief officer of any of the
bureaus named in the foregoing statement should address him at the
capital of the state in which he serves, with two exceptions: the chief
officer of the bureau of industrial statistics and information of Mary-
land being located at Baltimore, and of the bureau of labor statis.
tics of California at San Francisco.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
Commissioner of Labor.
J
Washington, D. C., December 1, 1892.
수
​CALIFORNIA.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT, 1883 AND 1884.—[280 Pages.]
The scope and aim of the bureau (4 pages).—Under this head are given a list of the
state labor bureaus then established and the act creating the California bureau.
The labor question (7 pages).—This is a general consideration of the condition of
labor in the state.
Industrial development (12 pages).-Here is given a general consideration, in twelve
pages of text, of the different prominent industries of the state.
Descriptively, the state, by counties (59 pages).—This comprises a comprehensive de-
scription of the state by counties, including in every case the area, geographical and
topographical features, the agricultural condition, etc.
In compliance with the law (42 pages).—An unsuccessful attempt to gain informa
tion concerning industries, employés, hours of labor, etc., through circulars sent to
each county assessor. Reports from three assessors only are given as samples giv-
ing some few statistics. The returns which were received are embodied in a single
table.
Employers and employés (15 pages).-Under this heading are given returns from cir-
culars sent to employers and employés. Answers of individuals are separately given
in some cases. The cost of living, by individuals and occupations, is shown by a table
giving the yearly amounts paid for rent, fuel, clothing, etc. Another table shows
the retail prices of necessaries in San Francisco compared with Massachusetts and
Great Britain. Several bills of fare for saloons in San Francisco are given; also the
names, dates of organization, and branch of trade of a number of labor organiza-
tions, and the condition of the labor market in San Francisco as reported by com-
mittee of Labor Council.
Convict labor (22 pages).-Contains state laws regarding convict labor, an abstract
of testimony taken by the commissioner regarding the effect of convict labor, and
his conclusions. Short tables show the amount and value of furniture manufactured
in the state prison in one month.
Chinese labor (4 pages). This is a treatment of Chinese labor in the state. Three
tables are given, showing the wages of Chinese by occupations, the number of
Chinese to every 100,000 whites in eight western states and territories, and the num-
ber of Chinese, Japanese, and Indians in every state and territory, according to the
census of 1880.
The land and its products (15 pages).-Under the above head are presented three ar-
ticles: Labor and statistical problems of the farm, by Prof. W. J. Sanborn; Cal-
ifornia brandy and wine reports; and The barley condition of the country, com-
piled from the columns of the San Francisco Chronicle and Bulletin. Tables show
the acreage and distribution of the public lands of the state by counties, and
the number of acres suitable for certain purposes; the yield of corn per acre for ten
states for the last nineteen years, in four periods; the earnings of commerce and manu-
factures per capita, and the yield of bushels of grain per acre for the United States
and the principal countries of Europe (from Mulhall); the exports, by sea, of
brandy and of wine (separately) from the state, with their value, for each year, 1864
to 1883; the railroad returns of brandy and wine exported east, 1870 to 1883; the ex-
ports of brandy by rail and by sea for two periods, 1864 to 1873 and 1874 to 1883;
the acreage in barley and the yield in bushels in nine states producing each over
7
8
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
1,000,000 bushels (from the census of 1880); the exports of barley from San Francisco
for the years 1864 to 1883, by value and amount in centals; shipments of barley over-
land for the years 1873 to 1883, and places from which sent; and the imports and ex-
ports of barley for the United States for the years 1873 to 1883, in bushels.
Trade interests (11 pages).—Three articles are given under the above heading, the
first, What we buy and sell-From and to whom, being a compilation from a
quarterly report of the Bureau of Statistics at Washington, D. C., and the other two
treating of the industries Bags and burlap, and the Lumber export trade of Cal- i
ifornia. Five one-fourth page tables are given showing the value of domestic
exports for 1882-'83 by products and the percentage of each; the shipments of hides
by water each year, 1858 to 1883, and by rail, 1870 to 1883, and the exports of lumber
from the state by sea for the years 1864 to 1883.
The eight-hour law (6 pages).—This is a general textual consideration of factory legis-
lation, containing a summary of the laws of eleven states concerning labor.
School statistics (3 pages). These comprise a report furnished by the state superin-
tendent of public instruction, consisting mainly of tables giving the value of funds
devoted to education, the amount of tax receipts, and the apportionment of state
school money to the several counties.
Mines and mining (6 pages).-Gives a textual account of mining in the state and the
need for and creation of the state mining bureau.
Earnings and employments (15 pages).-Under this head is given a wholly statistical
account of the wages paid employés in nearly all the branches of manufacturing in-
dustries of the state and in a large number of other selected occupations. The tables
give the amount of wages paid, by occupations, and whether maximum, minimum, or
average, or with or without board. Separate tables show the wages of employés in,
mines and in transportation. Daily average wages are given by occupations. A total
gives the number, the wages and hours of labor of employés of street railway com-
panies in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Santa Rosa, by companies. A separate
table gives the same for employés of the Central Pacific railroad. The final table
gives by age, sex, and nationality the number of employés engaged in each occupa-
tion in the state.
Labor-saving machinery (3 pages).-This includes a general textual consideration of
the factory system. A table taken from the Massachusetts census report of 1875,
showing the increased power of production through the use of machinery, gives for
three industries for the years 1845, 1855, 1865, and 1875, the number of establishments
considered, the number of employés, the value of the goods manufactured, etc.
Recommendations (3 pages).-Under this heading are given drafts of three acts pre-
pared by the bureau, relating to employers' liability, mechanics' liens, and coopera-
tive unions, with recommendations for their passage by the legislature.
Appendix: The manufacturing industry (15 pages).-This presents a textual and statis-
tical study of manufactures in the United States from returns of the United States
censuses for 1870 and 1880, showing the relation of wages, raw materials, etc., to the
total product; and also the composition of the laboring classes according to sex, age,
and nationality. Tables show by classes the number of employés, the amount paid
in wages, the value of materials used and of the product, and the proportion that each
element bears to the value of the product for the years 1870, 1880, 1881, 1882, and 1883;
the increase in the manufacturing industry from 1850 to 1883, by varying periods; the
rank of the several states in population, and in agriculture and manufactures, with
value of products and amount of capital invested, etc. Tables also show the total
number of employés and the per cent. of men, women, and children, and their
nationalities by totals and percentages, by industries, and also by states.
Appendix: The cost of living, etc. (25 pages).-A textual and statistical treatment of
rates of wages and the price of commodities in various countries. The tables give the
rate of wages by occupations and the prices of commodities, by articles, in New York,
Chicago, San Francisco, England, Ireland, Scotland, Germany, France, Spain, Italy,
Belgium, Switzerland, and Denmark, and in a number of cities of Europe.
着
​i
M
!
1
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-CALIFORNIA.
9
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT, 1885 AND 1886.-[746 Pages.]
Work of the bureau (27 pages).—A general consideration of the work of the bureau
and of the labor question is here presented. There are also given the act establish-
ing the bureau, a list of state labor bureaus, the New York act creating a state
board of arbitration, the platform of the Knights of Labor, and a list of the feder-
ated trades in the state, as far as obtained. A table shows the rates of wages and
hours of labor in a large number of establishments.
Agricultural (33 pages).This is a textual and statistical consideration of agricul- -
ture in the state. A set of tables gives by years, 1871 to 1885, the amount of green
fruit, canned goods, raisins, and green garden vegetables shipped to the eastern
states by rail. Another set shows the number of acres sown, and the average pro-
duction per acre, 1885, of various grains and of hay; the yield of hops, in bales, of
California, Oregon, and Washington, and the price of hops in the San Francisco
market by years, 1864 to 1884; also the acreage and yield of hops of the best produc-
ing sections of New York, by counties, 1879, and the production of the various
states and of foreign countries. There is also given a report of testimony concerning
the supply of labor for the fruit harvest of 1886; the average wages of farm laborers
for various years, 1882 to 1886, by sections of the country and by states, showing the
increase or decrease, and the same information, separately, for harvest times; the
rate of wages, with and without board, of farm laborers in European countries; and
the number of Chinese in the state, by counties and occupations. Statistics also
show the amount of fruit canned during 1885, by kinds.
Railroad transportation (13 pages).—A statistical treatment of railroads in the state,
showing, by roads, their capital stock, number of miles of road owned and operated,
the traffic, and the average wages of employés, etc.
Chinese labor and Chinese mode of living (38 pages).-This is a mainly textual treat-
ment of the Chinese problem in the state, embodying a report of a special committee
appointed by the city of San Francisco. Short tables give the wages paid Chinese,
by occupations, their cost of living, and the number of Chinese in different states
and territories; also the number of Indians out of tribal relations, and of Japanese
in the country, by states and territories. Tables show the number of bunks in the
public opium resorts of Chinatown, the amount of air space in their sleeping and
living apartments, the number of opium joints, the number of manufactories and
the number employed therein, and the number of barricaded gambling dens in San
Francisco.
Convict labor (21 pages).-Presents a general consideration of convict labor in the
state. Short tables, interspersed throughout the text, give the price paid for prison
labor in various occupations.
Comparison of wages paid in various states and in California (6 pages).—This consists of
tables giving wages of employés, by industries and occupations, in California, in
various other states, and in Great Britain, 1885; and wages in flour mills of Cali-
fornia and Colorado for the years 1871 to 1880. A table shows the comparative wages
paid in the general trades in California, New York, and in foreign countries, by oc-
cupations.
Cost of living (8 pages.)-Three bills of fare of restaurants, a table of rents, and the
retail prices, by months, of different commodities in the city and county of San
Francisco are here given for the year ending October 31, 1886.
California: History and description of each county (172 pages).-A history and descrip-
tion of each county of the state, and a statement of the taxable wealth of each in
1885. The cost of planting a vineyard and an orange farm of 10 acres in Los Angeles
county is given; also the number of manufacturing establishments, the number of
men employed, the value of products, etc., for San Francisco.
Investigations (118 pages).—This is a textual report of three investigations made by
the bureau, viz: an inquiry as to the condition of the laborers employed by the
contractors on the sea-wall at San Francisco; an investigation with the view of
1
1
I
10
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
7
}
ascertaining the position of the boot and shoe trade as regards the Chinese, and of
devising means of ousting them from the trade; and an inquiry into the cigar indus-
try, its growth, and the condition of those employed in it. A table gives the num-
ber of cigars and cigarettes manufactured in San Francisco during the year ending
June 30, 1886.
Addresses (78 pages).-A report of the addresses delivered at the third annual meet-
ing of the national convention of chiefs of the various state bureaus of labor held
at Boston, 1885, is here given. The papers were: The influence of inventions upon
civilization, by Mr. Chauncey Smith; Statistics of consumption, by Edward Atkin-
son, containing tables showing the average cost of food for fourteen persons, mostly
Irish, in a boarding-house, and for a French Canadian family of ten persons in Massa-
chusetts; The chemistry and economy of foods, by Prof. W. O. Atwater, containing
tables showing the weight of compounds in the human body, the percentage com-
position of foods, the per cent. of indigestible matter in various foods, the compara-
tive cost of protein in food materials, the amount of nutrients in different foods,
standards of protein, fat, and carbohydrates for daily rations for different ages, and
sample bills of fare, some of which are for a fixed cost. The tenement-house prob-
lem, by Charles F. Wingate, containing two short tables giving the per cent. of
buildings in New York in fair, good, or bad condition, and the total deaths in New
York for the years 1880 to 1884, and the percentage of deaths occurring in tenements;
and Common schools and the labor question, by Prof. Alexander Johnston, are two
addresses delivered at the fourth annual convention held at Trenton, New Jersey,
June 1, 2, and 3, 1886, and inserted here.
A manual of distributive cooperation (67 pages).-This is a complete descriptive his-
tory, with statistical details, of the workings of cooperation throughout the world,
being a reproduction of the report of the Massachusetts bureau of labor, 1886,
compiled by Carroll D. Wright, its commissioner. It gives a comprehensive, his-
torical, and detailed description of distributive cooperation in Great Britain, to
which are added, as an appendix, an account of cooperative production in most of the
European countries and a brief account of the Arlington Cooperative Association
at Lawrence, Mass. Authorities are noted throughout. Short tables interspersed
throughout the text illustrate the growth and strength of the movement. Ono
table gives the existing registered cooperative societies or stores established before
1844, by name, date when established, and when profits were first divided on pur-
chases; others present statistics of the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers, by years, 1844
to 1867, showing the number of members, the value of their funds, amount of
business done, and profits; the departments added to their original plan of dealing
in the leading staple groceries, such as flour, oatmeal, sugar, and butter; and their
balance sheet for 1884. The method of organization and management of the retail
store is given in detail as a manual for reference for similar attempts. Wholesale
stores are treated in a similar, but not as elaborate way. Two tables exhibit the
financial relations between the retail societies and the English wholesale societies,
by districts, for the year ending December 31, 1883. The result of cooperative at-
tempts in production is shown by a table giving the percentage of profits realized
by departments. Tables give, for the years 1862 to 1883, the number of cooperative
societies, the number of their members, their capital, sales, profits, expenses, etc., in
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in Great Britain, and, separately,
in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland (in the last two for 1872 only). The years
1872 and 1883 are compared in separate tables to show the growth of cooperation.
Tables show the amount of sales of all general distributive societies on the Rochdale
plan, whose sales during the years 1866 to 1883 exceeded £200,000 a year; also the
progress of the English Wholesale Society, from its commencement in March, 1864,
to June, 1885, giving the departments and branches added, the number of shares
taken up, the number of members, and the amount of its capital, net sales, ex-
penses, profits, etc.; and in the same way of the Scottish Wholesale Society, show-
ing its growth from 1869 to the close of 1883. The cooperative societies are bound
together by the organization of the Cooperative Union. Statistics of this union for
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS CALIFORNIA.
11
}
the years 1869 to 1885 are given, showing the number of societies and members be-
longing to it, the places where congresses met, the number of societies represented,
etc. A table gives the names and dates of organization of the cooperative product-
ive societies in Great Britain, 1884, the nature of the business done, their yearly sales,
the amount of their profits, and their methods of dividing profits. A similar table
gives cooperative societies in Paris. Lists of cooperative societies in Germany are
given, classified as people's banks, consumers' societies, and trade societies. A short
table also gives the amount of capital invested in cooperative societies in Switzer-
land. Another gives the number of cooperative societies established since 1876 in
the Netherlands, by kinds of societies. The progress of the Arlington Cooperative
Society is shown by the amount of its sales, profits, expenses, etc.
Wages paid, hours of labor, and classes of labor in California (42 pages). This is a
textual abstract for the leading industries of the state, giving the amount of wages
paid, the hours of labor, the number of employés, and other statements with refer-
ence to workingmen, obtained through a canvass among the leading business firms.
Appendix: Assessors' returns (116 pages).-Consists of reports from the assessors of
each county, in reply to circulars requesting a large number of returns concerning
labor, manufactures, and agriculture. They are printed as received and are in-
complete.
THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT, 1887 AND 1888.-[378 PAGES.]
Introduction (7 pages).-Contains suggestions and recommendations concerning the
collection of statistics by mail, the utility of labor bureaus, and the necessity for an-
nual reports.
Workingwomen (95 pages). This embraces a textual and statistical investigation
of the condition of women wage-earners, chiefly in San Francisco, their wages,
hours of labor, and personal and financial condition; concerning protective and
benevolent associations of the state and the physical and social condition of work-
ingwomen. Returns from a number of establishments are first given, showing the
number of employés, their wages, etc. The weekly wages, hours of labor, the ages
of employés at the present time and when commencing work, their conjugal condi-
tion, whether boarding or with family, their expenses, savings, nationality, nation-
ality of parents, etc., are given by occupations and individuals. A separate table
gives their wages and hours of labor by occupations. Rents in San Francisco are
given. An investigation was made, through personal questioning of 527 prostitutes,
to ascertain whether their ranks were recruited from workingwomen. A table
gives the former occupations of 441 who answered.
Trades unions and labor organizations (84 pages).-This comprises a textual and statis.
tical account of trades unions and labor organizations in the state, their objects and
condition, and a consideration of wages, Chinese unions, and strikes. Tables give
a list of unions in Los Angeles and the uumber of their members; lists of federated
trades and trades unions in San Francisco, of the wharf and wave federation, water-
front unions, and brewers' organizations. The monthly wages of officers and seamen
at home and abroad and the cost of maintenance per man per day are given. A
complete list of labor organizations in the state, their location, the dates of their or-
ganization, the number of their members, the amount of dues required, and the pro-
portion of members to outside laborers are given. The daily wages and hours of
labor of organized and unorganized labor are given by occupations. A comparison
of the weekly wages paid in California with those paid in other states and in for-
eign countries is made by occupations. A table from the Third Annual Report of
the United States Department of Labor gives the number of strikes in the United
States, the number of establishments involved, and the average number of establish-
ments involved, each year, 1881 to 1886. Other tables give the number of strikes in
Europe each year, 1870 to 1879, the number of weeks lost each year, and the number
of strikes during the period, by industries. A textual account of strikes in San
Francisco is given. Tables from the Third Annual Report of the United States De-
partment of Labor give, by years and industries, the details of each strike occurring
12.
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
منهم
in the State, 1881 to 1886, showing for each its location, duration, date of commence-
ment, the number of employés, their wages and hours of labor before and after the
strike, the cost of the strike to the employés and the employers, etc. A short table
showing the cost of living of a Chinaman is given, and the topic is concluded by re-
marks and suggestions from trades unions and from workingmen.
Apprenticeship (34 pages).—This consists of a textual and statistical survey of the
conditions which surround young men who desire to learn a trade. The text includes
copies of the law of the state regarding apprentices and of various regulations ·
made by labor organizations. Tables give the former occupations of those received
as convicts at the state prisons, at San Quentin and at Folsom, 1887, showing the
proportion having an occupation and the number able to read and write; also, by
occupations, for 1887 and 1888, the number of persons applying for situations through
advertisements in a newspaper. A short consideration of the foreign supply of
mechanics is given, followed by tables showing the number of voters registered in San
Francisco in 1886, their occupations and nationalities, and the number of native and
foreign born artisans. A table also gives a list of trades unions regulating the em-
ployment of apprentices, and their regulations. Tables give the total number of
immigrants from Europe, 1873 to 1886, by years and occupations, by years and sex,
and whether skilled or unskilled workmen, or without occupation, etc.
Manual and technical training (65 pages).—Under this title is embraced a textual
inquiry concerning the utility of manual training schools. Answers from a large
number of persons interested in education, whose views were solicited, are printed
in full. Manual training in England and in Europe is also considered. Sketches of
the principal manual training schools in the states are given. Five pages are taken
up with tables giving the items of cost of an experimental training school, the
different sets of tools necessary, and the cost of maintaining the Baltimore training
school. Tables from the report of the United States Commissioner of Education for
1885-'86 give the names of fourteen manual training schools, the industries taught,
and the year each was established; the number of students, instructors, and insti-
tutions of business, or commercial colleges, 1876 to 1880, and a summary showing
the number of industrial training schools, the number of pupils, etc., and the names
of forty-eight industrial training schools and the industries taught in each. The
programme of the Free Kindergarten School of California is given. Tables give the
total enrollment in and receipts of kindergartens in San Francisco and statistics
of kindergartens for 1886-'87, as reported to the United States Bureau of Educa-
tion, giving the name and address of each school, when established, the number of'
pupils, etc.
Building and loan associations and cooperative farming (47 pages). This is a textual
consideration of the workings of and benefits to be derived from building and loan
associations, a consideration of cooperative farming in California, the views of
Senator Stanford on cooperation, and the text of a bill introduced by him in Con-
gress for the formation of cooperative enterprises in the District of Columbia. Ten
pages are in tables giving a list of building, loan, and savings associations in Cali-
fornia, the date of incorporation of each, its character, number of shares, number
of shareholders, assets, etc.
Public investigations by the bureau (16 pages).--Consists of a textual report of in-
vestigations made concerning the condition of men working on vessels engaged in
the coastwise trade and on the city front, San Francisco, of men working for
"sweaters," of the men engaged in a strike at San Pedro, and of male and female
printers. A table gives the number of employés in printing houses of San Fran-
cisco and whether union or non-union men.
Appendix: Labor laws (11 pages). This is a compilation of the building and loan
association laws of Massachusetts and Maine, the apprentice laws of New York,
the law of Massachusetts relating to the employment of children who can not read
and write in the English language, and the law of Massachusetts relating to pre-
vention of accidents in factories.
!
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-CALIFORNIA.
13
4.
FOURTH BIENNIAL REPORT, 1889 AND 1890.-[347 PAGES.]
Manufactories (36 pages).—Under this head is given a textual description of the his-
tory and condition of manufacture, and of each mill engaged in the manufacture of
woollen goods, cotton goods, jute, ramie, flax, and silk, in the state, showing, for each
mill, the amount of capital invested, the amount of machinery used, the number of
employés, etc. Short tables show the cost of the erection of a jute mill, by items, the
amount of jute manufactured at San Quentin, the value of the same, the expense of
its manufacture, etc., for the years 1887, 1888, and 1889.
Miscellaneous industries (56 pages).—This is a historical, descriptive, and statistical
consideration of the manufacture or production of beet sugar, oil, glass, cigars,
leather, boots and shoes, and canned fruits, in the state. The consideration of the
beet sugar industry includes an account of its extent in European countries, showing
the production of beet sugar in Europe for the years 1887, 1888, and 1889; in France
for 1837 to 1887, by decades, and for 1889; and in Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
Russia and Poland for 1877 and 1887; also an account of the efforts for the production
of sugar beets in the United States, with short tables showing the expenses by items,
the quantity of sugar produced, the number of men employed, and the average price
of beets, etc., at the Western Beet Sugar Company's factory at Watsonville, Santa
Cruz county, California, for 1888 and 1889, and the average cost of manufacture per
ton in 1889, by items; an account of the factory at Grand Island, Nebraska; the daily
expenses of the establishment at Alvarado, California, by items; an estimate of the
expenses and profits of raising beets; and hints in regard to the best methods of beet
culture.
The treatment of oil includes an account of the production of the various mineral
and vegetable oils, an account of companies engaged in its production, and short
tables showing the number of gallons of petroleum produced in California, each
year, from 1879 to 1889; the amount of whale and sperm oil in barrels for the years
1887, 1888, and 1889; and the amount of oil of various kinds imported in 1888 and 1889.
The treatment of glass gives an account of the conditions of glass manufacture in
the state, and short tables showing the value of glass products in seven states
according to the census of 1880; the number of employés and their average wages, by
occupations, in the single glass factory of California; and the weight and value of
window glass imported each month from December, 1887, to October, 1889.
Under the head of cigar manufacture the text gives a general description of the
condition of the industry; this is followed by short tables showing the value of rev-
enue stamps sold each month in California from 1881 to 1889; the number of estab-
lishments, the amount of tobacco used, and the number of cigars and cigarettes pro-
duced from 1884 to 1889; the number of factories; the value of stamps sold, and the
number of cigars manufactured in the fourth revenue district, including Sacramento,
from 1887 to 1889; and the number of hands employed, the amount paid in wages,
and the amount of capital invested in the manufacture of cigars and of tobacco in
the United States, for the years 1860, 1870, and 1880. Opinions of several manu-
facturers are added, showing the decline of the industry to be the result of agitation
against Chinese-made cigars.
Under the head of leather manufacture, in addition to text, tables give the value
of hides, leather, furs, etc., imported by American and foreign vessels into San
Francisco each month from 1887 to 1889; receipts of hides in San Francisco from 1887
to 1889; receipts of hides in 1888 and 1889, by sources of supply; the value of imports
of hides into the United States for 1860 and 1870, and from 1880 to 1889; the wages of
employés, by occupations, in tanneries in California, New York, Pennsylvania, and
Ohio; the number of pounds of leather received in California from 1876 to 1889; the
quantity and value of leather, and the value of harness, saddles, and all other leather
goods exported by California each month from 1887 to 1889.
Under boot and shoe manufacture tables give the number of cases of boots and
shoes imported from 1876 to 1889; the value of shipments to the state from the east
14
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
}
7
from 1887 to 1889; the number of pairs and the value of shoes exported by vessels
each month from 1887 to 1889; and the wages of employés, by occupations, in Cali-
fornia, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Maryland.
The consideration of fruit canning includes a statement of the condition of each
firm, its capital, the number of employés, their wages and hours of labor, etc., and
gives a list of the leading canneries in the state; the tables show the amount of fruit
packed in 1888; the quantity of each kind of fruit shipped in 1887; the annual quan-
tity packed by canneries of San Francisco from 1875 to 1888, and the amount of cap-
ital invested in the canneries of San Francisco, and the capacity of each.
Cooperative insurance associations (116 pages).-This comprises a comprehensive
textual consideration of the various kinds of cooperative insurance companies in the
state and of the principal cooperative insurance companies in the United States.
There is given a description of the methods of operation of the different kinds
of companies; a description of fraternal societies, consisting of a paper on Co-
operative fraternity, by William H. Barnes; an account of the Independent Order
of Odd-Fellows, with tables showing the assets and liabilities of the order, the con-
dition of the grand lodge of California in 1890, showing the number relieved, the
amount paid out, etc.; an account of the Chosen Friends, with a table showing the
total benefits paid to May 31, 1890, and the amount of income in 1889; and similar ac-
counts of the American Legion of Honor, the Knights of Labor, the Ancient Order
of United Workmen, the Workmen's Guarantee Fund Association, the Ancient Order
of Foresters, the Royal Arcanum, the Knights of Pythias Endowment Rank, the
Knights and Ladies of Honor, the Young Mens' Institute, the Young Men's Catholic
Union, and of the Improved Order of Red Men's Endowment Fund Association are
here presented. In addition to tables showing the amount of income and expendi-
ture of each, other tables give the number of Knights of Labor in California, the
membership of several of these orders for a number of years, the amount of benefits
paid, etc. Testimony of chief officials explains the working of each society. Various
assessment companies are treated in a similar manner. Considerable space is de-
voted to the exposure of dishonest endowment associations and to testimony regard-
ing endowment associations in general. Short tables give the membership of various
associations, the financial inducements offered members, the amount of assessinents,
profits, etc. Brief mention is made of government insurance in foreign countries.
Building and loan associations (96 pages).—Under this title are given a textual consid-
eration of the various kinds of building and loan associations; a statement of their
methods of operation; an account of failures which have occurred in California;
reports of secretaries of different institutions on the methods employed for dividing
profits; a consideration of the insecurity of a number of national building and loan
associations, with the objection to their plan of operation; the testimony of wit-
nesses regarding the purposes and practices of the American Building and Loan
Association, of Minneapolis, Minnesota; and statistical tables giving the name,
location, date of incorporation, amount of capital, the number of shares, the largest,
smallest, average, and aggregate amount of loans made, the number of shareholders
and of borrowers, classified by sex and industrial condition, the rate of interest, pre-
miums, etc., of each building and loan association in the state.
Investigations (15 pages).—Under this head is comprised a textual report of the re-
sults of an investigation made by the commissioner into the condition of laborers in
San Francisco and Oakland laundries, Chinese cigar factories, and in the Napa
Woollen Mill, and of the strike of the stonecutters employed on the capitol grounds.
A short table gives the value of cigars made in San Francisco each year from 1881 to
1889.
Wages and hours of labor, and inspection of workshops (12 pages).—This is a compilation
of the laws of the state regulating the sanitation of workshops and the employ-
ment of children, and a statistical table giving, by industries and establishments,
the number of employés (men, women, and boys), their average weekly wages and
hours of labor, and the general sanitary condition of the buildings.
-ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—COLORADO.
15
COLORADO.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT, 1887 AND 1888.-[536 PAGES.]
Act establishing the bureau of labor statistics in Colorado (4 pages).-This gives the
text of the act to establish and support a bureau of labor statistics approved March
24, 1887.
Bureaus of labor statistics (31 pages).-This subject embraces a general textual con-
sideration of the necessity and utility of labor bureaus, a list of the state labor
bureaus with dates of establishment, and a list of annual conventions of chiefs of
labor bureaus, including the opening address of Carroll D. Wright, delivered at the
fifth annual convention; the paper by C. C. Bonney, of Chicago, entitled Statistics
as a basis of legislation, read at the same convention; and a paper by T. V. Pow-
derly, entitled Settle the apprenticeship question by inaugurating industrial schools,
read at the sixth annual convention.
The labor movement (76 pages).-This includes a general textual and historical con-
sideration of the labor movement both in this country and in Europe, with a series
of court decisions relating to conspiracies in various states, and the text of the law
of New Jersey on the subject. Brief sketches are given of the principal labor or-
ganizations of the United States organized on a national basis, and of the several
labor organizations of the state. Five tables, covering ten pages, give lists of
Grange lodges, Knights of Labor assemblies, trades unions, and other organizations
of the state, showing their location, date of organization, membership when organ-
ized, and present membership; a brief analysis of the tables follows.
Strikes and lockouts (43 pages).-Under this heading are included two statistical
tables, ten pages in length, taken from the third annual report of the United States
Department of Labor (Strikes and Lockouts, 1887), giving strikes and lockouts occur-
ring in the state from 1881 to 1886, by years and industries, showing their locality,
causes, dates and duration, whether ordered by labor organizations or not, number
of establishments involved, number of employés before and after strike, the number
striking and involved, the wages and weekly hours of labor before and after strike,
result of strike or lockout, and losses to employers and employés, with a recapitu-
lation for all years, by industries. There is given textually a brief mention of strikes
occurring in the state in 1887 and 1888, and accounts of four of the principal strikes
included in the tables.
Arbitration (40 pages).-This subject comprises a textual sketch of arbitration
in Europe and in the United States, by countries and states, and the views on the
subject of 181 employers in the state, whose opinions were solicited.
Employers' liability (31 pages).—A textual consideration is given of the liability of
employers for injuries to their employés, based on the report of the Massachusetts
bureau of labor for 1883, giving the laws on the subject in foreign countries and in
the different states of the Union. Two short tables give for the state the daily wages
of persons employed in occupations involving danger, and the number killed and
injured by railroad accidents during 1884, 1885, and 1886. Views of employers on
the subjeet of liability for injuries are added.
Employers' returns (17 pages).-This is a textual consideration of returns from circu-
lars sent to mine operators, and a short table, based on said returns, showing the
highest and lowest daily wages paid mine employés in the state, by occupations.
Wageworkers (127 pages).—A textual and statistical consideration of the condition of
wageworkers of the state, based on returns from blanks sent to employés, is presented
under this topic. The text treats of employment offices, the lien law, the labor of
women, inspection of mines and steamboilers, the licensing of stationary engineers,
the wages paid to workingmen, their cost of living, etc., including views of employés
on matters of interest to wageworkers. The tables, 34 pages in length and interspersed
throughout the text, give, for individuals, their occupation, conjugal condition,
16
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
hours of labor, wages, earnings, cost of living, loss of time, etc.; returns relating to
ownership of homes, and payment of wages are also included; average prices of
commodities, by counties of the state and in fifteen cities throughout the country;
wages and hours of labor, by occupations, in various industries and by detailed occu-
pations for employés in mines, quarries, and railroads (the last by names of roads).
Weekly wages and cost of living of individual female employés, by occupations,
in the city of Denver, are also given.
Unpublished census statistics for 1885 (20 pages).-The information under this head is
almost wholly given in statistical tables showing the population of the state, by
towns, cities, and counties, and by race, sex, age, and conjugal condition; the num-
ber of farins and the yield of various farm products in 1879 and 1884; the average
yield per acre of the cereals in the state for 1884 and in the United States for 1879; the
value of orchard and dairy products and of live stock for 1879 and 1885; the number of
manufacturing establishments, their employés (men, women, and children), and value
of products, etc., for 1880 and 1885; the number of mines and quarries, their product,
etc., for 1880 and 1885; and the amount of water and steam power used in certain
selected industries in 1885.
Convict labor (90 pages).-The above subject embraces a textual and statistical con-
sideration of convict labor in all the states, based mainly on the second annual re-
port of the United States Bureau of Labor, 1886 (Convict Labor). Tables show the
average number of prisoners in the state, by years, from 1877 to 1887; the cost of main-
taining the state penitentiary from 1879 to 1887; the number of convicts, the total cost,
and the per capita cost of maintenance in twenty-five states, with colored diagram
showing the comparative cost per capita of maintenance of such convicts; the same
for fifteen institutions in different states for 1887; the number of persons imprisoned
in county jails of the state, by counties, showing their sex, nativity, conjugal con-
dition, and the total cost of maintenance; also, by crimes committed, the ages and
nativities, and the former occupations of those confined in the Arapahoe county jail
in 1887. A table, with a colored diagram, shows the number of inmates and the total
and per capita cost of maintenance of convicts in the reform and industrial schools of
sixteen states in 1886, and of eleven states in 1887.
Appendix: Labor laws of Colorado, etc. (30 pages).—This is a compilation of the laws
of the state relating to the employment of apprentices; to convict labor; prohibiting
blacklisting; providing for the employment and protection of children; for licensing
detectives; for exemption from execution and attachment; for the appointment of
labor day; and requiring employers to provide suitable seats for female employés.
The organic law of the councils of Prud'hommes, of Geneva, Switzerland, created
for the purpose of adjusting the differences which arise between employers and em-
ployés relating to labor, is given; also a letter from the former United States Marshal
Smith, relative to the D. & R. G. railroad strike.
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT, 1889 AND 1890.-[75 PAGES.]
Introductory (2 pages).-This contains a textual consideration of the contents of the
report and recommendations made by the commissioner.
Employers' liability (10 pages).-This chapter gives a textual consideration of the
employers' liability law of Colorado and of points of law established by judicial”.
decisions in other states.
Car-coupler accidents (12 pages).-Under this head are given statistics of railroad
accidents in the state and a textual treatment of the necessity for better provision
against car-coupling accidents. The hours of train service on railroads are consid-
ered, and a copy of the act of Ohio, enacted 1890, to provide against accidents on
railroads and limit the hours of service, is included.
The detective system (7 pages).—This gives a textual consideration of the practice on
the part of corporations of hiring private detectives. The treatment includes a copy
of the law of New Jersey, 1890, regarding private detectives, and extracts from
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-CONNECTICUT.
17
=
!
newspapers commenting on the employment of Pinkerton detectives during the New
York Central Railroad strike, 1890.
Deceiving workingmen (3 pages).—Consists of textual comments on the pernicions prac-
tice indulged in by newspapers and real estate "boomers" in Colorado in making
false promises of employment to workingmen in other states, who have no means of
knowing the actual condition of affairs relative to labor in the state.
Increase of crime (3 pages).-Presents a consideration of the increase of crime in the
state; of the number of prisoners in jails; the number of arrests for drunkenness;
and the proportion of taverns to the total population in several European countries.
Foreign immigration (4 pages).—This is a mainly textual consideration of immigra-
tion. A short table, compiled from official sources, gives the number of immigrants
landed each year, from 1880 to 1889, classified as skilled laborers, miscellaneous, pro-
fessional, and no occupation.
Employment offices (4 pages).—A textual consideration of the abuses of employment
offices, and a copy of the act passed in 1889 regulating the business of employment
and intelligence offices are here presented.
The Chinese of Colorado (10 pages).—A textual consideration of Chinese labor in Col-
orado is given. The treatment includes descriptions of raids on Chinese dens in
New York city, 1890; statements of employers as to the effect of Chinese competi-
tion; and a statement of the number of Chinese in Denver, by occupations.
Laws regulating labor (16 pages).—This is a compilation of the laws enacted in 1889
relating to conspiracy, providing for licensing intelligence and employment offices,
relating to the attachment of wages, and to mechanics' liens.
CONNECTICUT.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1885.-[158 PAGES.]
Wages and profits (43 pages). This is a statement of the general lines of investi-
gation pursued by the bureau; to which are added discussions on the inequality of
wages and on the difficulty experienced in determining the various standards of liv-
ing, with comparisons. A textual consideration of labor problems follows, embrac-
ing discussions of profits, cooperation, organization of labor, etc.
Cheap labor (26 pages).—Under this head are presented accounts of the various
forms of cheap labor in America, viz: child and untrained labor, factory labor of
women, labor of foreigners, of convicts, labor-saving machinery, and long hours.
Manner of payment (15 pages).-This is a textual consideration of the time work,
piece work, and contract systems, and of the manner and time of payment under
each, exhibiting what appear to be the evils and advantages of each system. Me-
chanics' liens and companies' stores are also discussed.
Health and morals (20 pages).-This is a general consideration of the health and mor-
als of employés, treating of the effect of occupations upon health; accidents, under
which heading is given the law providing for ways of egress from factories in case of
fire; inspection of factories; the sanitary condition of laborers' homes; education;
and the relations between employers and employés.
The work of the bureau (11 pages).-Under this head is presented a textual summary
of the proper aims of a bureau of labor statistics, together with remarks concerning
the methods and subjects of investigations.
Appendix (30 pages).-The information gathered by the bureau from various sources
is here presented in six statistical tables. Table I, compiled from the United States
census of 1880 and from data furnished by employers, gives, by industries, a com-
parison of the number of employés, their wages, and the time lost for the years 1880
and 1885. Table II shows the annual earnings and average number of employés for 1880,
by occupations. Table III presents statistics, furnished by town assessors, concern-
ing workingmen's homes. Table IV gives the proportion of child labor in different
localities in 1880. Tablo V gives a comparison of laws relating to child labor in dif-
13400——2
:
i
18
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
ferent states and countries; and Table VI, based on the report of the state board of
health for 1884, shows the effect of occupations on health.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1886.-[170 PAGES.]
Summary of results (7 pages).-This is a textual summary of the results of statisti-
cal investigations made by the bureau during the year.
Labor legislation and its enforcement (15 pages).-This is a general consideration of
the existing condition of labor, of the difficulties in the way of labor legislation,
of the enforcement of labor laws, and of the legality and powers of labor organi-
zations, including general remarks on blacklisting.
The credit system (30 pages).-Under this head is presented an enumeration of the
advantages of the system of weekly payments of wages over the existing system of
infrequent payment and the granting of credit to employés at company stores. Ex-
tracts from the communications of various employers and employés upon the subject,
and the laws of Massachusetts and New Jersey relating to weekly payment and as-
signment of wages, respectively, are given.
Time and manner of payment (16 pages).—Tables based on returns from employers
give statistics showing, by industries and counties, the number of establishments,
number of employés, and the time and manner of payment of wages. A textual
explanation of the tables, with notes, is given.
Employment of men, women and children (13 pages).-The statistical tables given under
this head show the respective numbers of men, women, and children employed in
the state, so far as reported, together with the manner and time of their payment.
Hours of labor (12 pages).—Tables giving statistics concerning the hours of labor of
the employés referred to in the preceding tables.
Companies owning tenements, stores, or boardinghouses for employés (2 pages).—Short
tables give, by counties, employers' returns on this subject.
Views of employers (17 pages).-Seventeen pages of text give the opinions of em-
ployers regarding the weekly payment of wages and the attachment of wages.
Credit and prices (11 pages).-The returns gathered from storekeepers are presented
in tabulated and textual form; they show the effect of time of payment on the credit
system, losses from debts, and comparisons of prices at cash and credit stores.
Employés' returns (26 pages).-Under this head two tables give the information
furnished by labor organizations concerning the wages, sex, age, and hours of labor
of employés in various small establishments throughout the state. These are fol-
lowed by two long tables, with copious notes, showing the earnings, sex, and age of
employés in textile mills in the state, and the earnings and condition of families in
mill towns where children are largely employed.
Workingwomen in New Haven (3 pages).-Here is given the result of a canvass of om-
ployers and employés of New Haven, showing the number of women employed in
certain leading industries, with their average weekly wages.
Laws on attachment of wages (5 pages).-A tabulated synopsis of the laws of various
states relating to the attachment of wages, followed by abstracts of such laws.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.—[494 PAGES.]
Introduction (17 pages).-A statement of the real question at issue between employers
and employés and an outline of the future investigations of the burean.
Industrial legislation in Connecticut (254 pages).—A comprehensive textual review of
industrial legislation in the state, from the settlement of the colony to 1887, under
the following headings: Introduction, under which is given the constitution of the
state; Encouragement of industries, including partnership and corporation laws;
Regulation of prices of wages; Protection of consumers; and Legislation relating to
education of children and servants; to tramps; to the suppression of slavery; to
peddlers and hawkers; to the employment of apprentices; providing for exemp-
tion from execution and attachment; relating to liens on vessels and to mechanics'
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS
19
-CONNECTICUT.
!
liens; prohibiting the assignment of future earnings; providing for the exemption
of property from taxation; regulating hours of labor; relating to savings and build.
ing associations; to railroads; providing for railroad taxation and for the supervision
of railroads; relating to the protection of railroad property and employés; to state
banks and trust companies; regulating the rate of interest; relating to dividends; to
joint-stock corporations; to insolvent debtors; prohibiting injury to public and
private property; regulating the assize of thread; relating to a burean of labor
statistics; requiring vaccination of employés in paper mills; regulating the pay-
ment of wages of employés; relating to the employment of children; to coopera-
tive associations; to convict labor; providing for exemption from execution and
foreign attachment; for the weekly payment of wages; prohibiting intimidation
of voters; providing for inspection of factories; relating to imprisonment for debt;
to laborers' claims on insolvent estates; providing for industrial education; for the
protection of employés and employers; defining the liability of railroad employés;
relating to private corporations; requiring fire escapes in factories and public build-
ings; providing for public libraries and reading rooms; for free text books and
school supplies; for evening schools; relating to the attachment of wages; and to
profit-sharing.
Papers on discontent among the laboring classes (72 pages).—Under this head are
presented five papers, prepared at the request of the commissioner, on Discontent
among the laboring classes, its extent, its causes, its remedies. These papers are
written from the standpoints of a capitalist, of a knight of labor, of the land and
labor party, of the more radical socialist party, and of a professional man.
Labor organizations in Connecticut (29 pages).—This is a general consideration of labor
organizations in the state and contains copious extracts from their constitutions
and declarations of principles.
Strikes and lockouts (83 pages).-Under this head are presented statistical tables, fur-
nished by the United States Department of Labor, showing all available facts relat-
ing to strikes in Connecticut from 1881 to 1886 inclusive; various summaries and
comments upon the tables are added by the state bureau. The tables give a list of
all strikes and lockouts in the state, by years and industries, showing for each
strike its cause, duration, and result, the number of establishments involved, the
number of employés, their average wages and hours of labor before and after the
strike, and the losses to employers and to employés. The summaries show the same
for all industries by years, and for all years by industries; also the effect of all
strikes on wages, by years; the number of strikes each year; the number of new em-
ployés brought from other places; the results of all strikes, by years; and the losses
from all strikes for the period. The same information is also given concerning lock-
outs during the same period.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.-[296 PAGES.]
Introduction (26 pages).-This is a textual review of the system of work carried on
by the bureau during the year and includes some general remarks upon the effect of
weekly payments, of the ten-hour law, and of blacklisting.
Manufacturers (63 pages).— A statistical inquiry, based on information secured di-
rectly from the books of ninety establishments in twenty-two lines of industry in
1887, to ascertain what proportion of production goes to labor and what proportion
is employers' profits. The first table shows, for each industry, the number of estab-
lishments, their total capital, value of product and profit, the number of employés,
and their total wages. The next table presents a comparison of the above statistics,
with similar facts, for all establishments in Connecticut in 1880, taken from the
United States census of that year. A table of 22 pages gives for each industry, by
occupations, the number of employés, their manner of working, earnings, and the
average number of days worked during the year. A set of tables gives a comparison
20
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
of the wages paid the last week in June, 1887, with the wages paid for the same time
in 1860. Other tables give, by industries and occupations, the results shown by
the comparative statistics preceding, and the prices of various necessary articles, in
detail, in 1860 and 1887. Textual explanations accompany each table.
Receipts and expenses of wage-earners (39 pages).-This is a textual and statistical
report of monthly returns made by workingmen from all parts of the state, concerning
their receipts and expenditures in detail. These returns are first presented arranged
by individuals, showing their occupation, size of family, and expenses and receipts
in detail. To this are added textual extracts from communications accompanying
the monthly reports. Other tables give, by industries and occupations, the number
and size of families reporting, with their yearly receipts and expenditures. In the
same way are given the reports of 184 unmarried persons not included in the family
table.
Agriculture (127 pages). The statistics relating to agriculture in Connecticut
gathered by the burean during the year are here presented in tabulated form. The
tables give for each county and town, by farms, the size of the farm and of the
farmer's family, the rate of wages paid hired help, the amount of mortgage carried
and of capital invested, and the receipts and expenditures of the farmers in detail.
Summaries are also given for each county, by towns, and for the state, by counties.
Secret ballot (17 pages).—A statement of the conclusions reached by the commissioner,
after careful study of the subject, with a transcript of the proposed bill concerning
elections, illustrated by fac-similes of the tickets to be used and a diagram of the
proposed voting place.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[215 PAGES.]
Introduction (13 pages).—This is a statement of the general industrial condition of
the state.
Origin, objects, and growth of bureaus of labor statistics (46 pages).—This is a textual
consideration of labor bureaus, consisting chiefly of extracts from the address of
Carroll D. Wright before the American Social Science Association; followed by a
transcript of the minutes of the seventh annual convention of chiefs of labor bureaus
held at Hartford in 1889, including a paper on child labor by Mrs. Florence Kelley-
Wischnewetzky and the discussion following it. A list of the labor bureaus in the
United States, with the dates of their organization, is also given.
Manufactures (21 pages).—The statistics of manufactures gathered during the year
are presented in seven tables. These tables give the number of establishments con-
sidered, capital invested, value of product, cost of materials, number of employés,
and their wages, with comparisons with the corresponding statistics for 1887, taken
from the last report, and for 1880, taken from the United States consus.
The fisheries industry (118 pages).-Sixty-three pages of this chapter are devoted to
a general consideration of the history and development of the oyster industry of the
state. The methods of propagating and gathering oysters, of destroying their on-
emies, and of locating oyster beds are described. The statistics relative to the oys-
ter industry from May 1, 1888, to May 1, 1889, are presented in twenty tables, show-
ing, by towns and localities, the amount of capital invested, the value of receipts,
the amount paid in wages, the number of employés, the number of vessels, and a
list of oyster beds and the area of each. The remainder of the chapter is made up
of a textual consideration of the fish industry of the state, giving accounts of the
different fishes caught, their uses, and the general condition of the fish industry;
together with tables giving, by localities and also by kinds of fish, the amount of
capital invested, the value of the catch and products, the number of vessels and em-
ployés, and the amount paid in wages. Each table is followed by extracts from
reports made by men engaged in the different fisheries. In an appendix are given
descriptions of natural oyster, clam, and mussel beds within town jurisdictions, as de-
fined by decrees of the superior court. The report is accompanied by two maps of'
the oyster grounds belonging to the state.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-CONNECTICUT.
21
1
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[336 Pages.]
Introduction (25 pages).-This consists of a general textual consideration of the work
of the bureau and of the condition of labor during the past year.
Manufactures (33 pages).-This part is composed of statistics relating to the manu-
facturing industries of the state, gathered by special agents of the bureau from
636 typical establishments in forty industries. The general tables show for each of
the forty industries, the number of establishments, the number of employés, the
amount of capital invested, the value of the goods manufactured, the value of the
materials used, the cost of manufacture less rent, interest, and taxes, the amount
paid for rent, interest, and taxes, for superintendence and for wages, the gross and
net profits, and the number of persons employed in superintendence; the percentage
of net profits of capital; the percentage of wages, and of superintendence of cost
of goods manufactured; the percentage of value of stock and materials, of cost of
manufacture (less rent, interest, and taxes), of rent, interest, and taxes, and of net
profits of value of goods manufactured; and the percentage of cost of superinten-
dence of wages. The saine facts are presented for 22 industries, including 238 es-
tablishments, for 1888 and 1889 and for 21 industries, including 85 establishments,
for 1887, 1888, and 1889, and the amount of capital, the value of goods manufactured
and of materials used, the amount paid in wages, and the number of employés in
636 establishments for 1889, and in all establishments for 1880 (United States census)
in 36 industries compared. Several short tables give recapitulations of the same
facts for all the industries.
Street railways (32 pages).-This chapter consists of a textual and statistical con-
sideration of the results of an investigation concerning the wages and hours of labor
of employés on all the street railways in the state. The text includes comments on
an analysis of the tables, and notes regarding the regulations of various companies.
The tables give for each road its name and location, the-wages, hours of labor, and
time allowed for meals of employés, by occupations, and the actual number of hours
worked each day in July, 1890, by drivers and conductors on the main line of the
Hartford and Wethersfield Horse Railroad.
City, borough, and town employés (30 pages).—Under this head is given a mainly sta-
tistical consideration of the wages and method of employment (by contract or day)
of city, borough, and town employés. The text consists of notes concerning the
method of employment of labor in various towns and boroughs and the result of
the method followed. The tables show, by localities, the number of employés and
their wages by occupations.
Methods of preventing and adjusting labor difficulties, strikes, and lockouts (133 pages).—
Three subjects are considered under this head. The first part consists of a detailed
textual history of the organization and adoption of trade agreements by organiza-
tions of the manufacturers and employés engaged in the manufacture of hats at
Danbury; a comprehensive history of the lockout of hat trimmers at Danbury,
owing to an attempt to modify the trade agreement which had been adopted; and a
description of the various associations of employés in the hat industry of Danbury,
The second part relates to a system of gain-sharing put into operation in 1887 by
the Yale and Towne Manufacturing Company at Stamford. The description of this
system includes a paper on gain-sharing, relating to this experiment, read by Henry
R. Towne at the Erie meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
with appendixes giving copies of the rules and an illustrative table, and an account
of the strike which occurred among the employés in this establishment. Part third
gives a consideration of the grievances of clerks at New Haven in their difficulty
in obtaining employment after leaving one firm.
Appendix: Constitutions and by-laws of the Danbury trades associations (57 pages).
22
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
:
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.-[2 VOLS., 1510 PAGES.]
Introduction (7 pages).—The introductory remarks give a brief review of the work
performed by the bureau during the year.
Manufactures (46 pages).-The statistics contained in this part of the report relate
to the manufacturing industries of the state, and are presented, in the main, on the
same plan as that outlined under the title Manufactures, in the abstract of the
report of the bureau for the year 1890.
Fraternal mutual benefit societies (1439 pages).-This part of the report presents the
results of a comprehensive special inquiry, covering five years, into the growth and
extent of cooperative benefit societies of all kinds doing business in the state. The
whole subject has been separated into the following four groups: Life societies,
sick and funeral benefit societies, trades unions with sick and funeral benefits, and
endowment societies. A general analysis, covering 58 pages, and interspersed with
numerous short tables summarizing the facts brought out by the investigation, pre-
cedes the tables. These tables are generally five in number, and show for each
society the membership and fund; the receipts and expenditures; the plan of dues,
fees, and benefits; the branches, by counties and years, and the occupations of mein-
bers. A brief sketch accompanies the statistics of each society. The first table
gives, by years, the number of members, the average age, the number of deaths, the
number of suspensions and withdrawals, the total number of losses, and the total
fund for 1891. The second table shows, by years, the receipts from fees, dues, and
other sources, and in the case of life societies the amount received for assessments,
the total amount received, the amount expended for death claims, for sick and
funeral benefits, for management, and the total expenditures. The third table shows
the amount of dues per year, the amount of sick benefits per week, the number of
weeks in a year such benefits are paid, with the entire possible sum of such benefits
per year, the amount of funeral benefits on the death of a member or a member's wife,
and in many cases the practice concerning watchers for the sick, whether watching
is obligatory upon the members of the society, or whether the watchers are paid out
of the general fund. The fourth table shows the number of branches and of mem-
bers, by counties and years, as far as such information could be obtained by the
bureau. The fifth table, relating to the occupations of members, gives the percent-
age of members in various occupations, with a statement of the membership for 1891.
ILLINOIS.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT, 1879 AND 1880.-[239 PAGES.]
Introduction (14 pages).—The introductory remarks treat of the growth of manufac.
tures in the state, labor legislation, rise in wages, the formation of the bureau and
the plan of the work (including copies of the blank forms sent out to employers and
employés. This part of the report also includes statistical tables, showing the com-
parative condition of the manufactures of Illinois, by counties for the years 1850,
1860, and 1870, and by industries for the years 1860 and 1870, and a similar table
showing the manufactures of the city of Chicago for the year ending May 31, 1880,
by industries.
Prison labor (57 pages).—This heading includes statistical tables, showing the earn-
ings of convicts in the Joliet penitentiary for the fiscal years ending September 30,
1879, and September 30, 1880, respectively, the days worked by convicts during the
same period, and the average contract price paid per man per day. The remainder
of this part of the report is composed of matter compiled from the tenth and eleventh
annual reports of the Massachusetts bureau of statistics of labor, and includes a
textual consideration of the various systems of employment of convicts in the United
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-ILLINOIS.
23
States and a discussion from the industrial standpoint of certain propositions in-
tended to correct existing evils. It also embraces seven statistical tables, showing
for each state the number of convicts employed in the several industries pursued
and the system under which they are employed.
Earnings and expenses (47 pages). This division of the report is composed of the
tabulated returns received from individual employés and exhibits for each family the
following facts: The number of adults and of young persons, respectively, in the
family; number of adults and of young persons earning wages and amount of wages
earned by each during the year, with total; classified expenses for the year, with
total; surplus; deficit. Such information has been tabulated for each of 529 fami-
lies, distributed among 37 different occupations. These tables are provided with a
recapitulation, by occupations.
Employers' returns (35 pages).-This subject embraces statistical tables prepared
from returns of employers, showing the number of employés in each establishment;
the articles manufactured; the number and average weekly wages, in 1879, of per-
sons in charge of departments, of skilled employés over 16 years of age, and of persons
under 16 years of age; the number of weeks employed during the year; total wages
paid during the year 1879; value of products for the fiscal year ending July 1, 1880,
and the amount of capital invested.
Factory and workshop inspectors' reports (7 pages). - Under the above heading is em-
braced a tabular statement of trades and occupations, with number and sex of per-
sons employed in Chicago; also a statement for certain selected occupations, showing
the number of persons employed, by nationalities, in Chicago.
Communism in Illinois (7 pages).-This topic embraces a wholly textual considera -
tion of the rise, growth, and nature of communism in Illinois.
Coal mines-inspectors' returns (23 pages).-This subject embraces the returns of the
coal mine inspectors, a portion being for 1879 and the remainder for 1880.
Laws governing child labor in other states and countries (10 pages).—This heading em-
braces a digest of laws relative to the employment and education of young persons
and children in Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connect-
icnt, Pennsylvania, England, Prussia, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Norway, and
Sweden.
Cooperation in Great Britain (7 pages).-Under this heading is embraced a short
textual account of industrial and provident cooperative societies in Great Britain,
illustrated by a half-page table, giving the statistics of such societies for the year
1873.
School savings banks (2 pages).-Contains a short textual account of school savings
banks in Europe, quoted from a report by Oren W. Weaver.
Labor statistics: their value and the necessity of their collection (3 pages).--This part of
the report is composed of extracts from various journals, commenting editorially or
otherwise upon the value of such statistics.
Railroad employés (2 pages and 5 inserted tables).-Under this heading are given sta-
tistics compiled from the report of the railroad and warehouse commission, showing
for the years 1877, 1878, 1879, and 1880, the number of employés, character of service,
and average annual salaries paid for each of the several railroads in Illinois. An-
other table gives statistics for the Illinois Central Railroad Company for the year
ending June 30, 1880.
The coal mining industry (9 pages).--Under the above heading is given the mine in-
spection law and remarks by the commission upon its provisions. Also information
concerning the wages, homes, and social condition of miners.
In addition to the subjects already alluded to, there are short textual discussions
of the following topics:
Cooperative and loan associations in Illinois (2
(1 page). Trade societies and wages (4 pages).
in Chicago (2 pages). Women's work (1 page).
pages). Truck stores: their present status
Municipal regulations relating to factories
Recommendations (4 pages).
24
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT, 1881 AND 1882.-[484 PAGES.]
Introductory (6 pages). This treats of the necessity which gave rise to the estab-
lishment of bureaus for the collection of statistics as to the condition of labor in
this country, with a brief history of labor bureaus in several of the states.
The state of Illinois (6 pages). This subject includes a brief textual and statistical
account of the history and agricultural resources of the state. Short tables taken
from United States census reports, and interspersed throughout the text, show the
growth in population, by decades, from 1800 to 1880; the yield and value of the princi-
pal crops of the state, for the years 1860, 1870, and 1880; the average value of the
yield per acre; the number of manufacturing establishments, the number of em-
ployés, the amount of wages paid, the amount of capital invested, the value of pro-
ducts, etc., for the years 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880.
Statistics of population (36 pages).—This gives a tabular statement showing the pop-
ulation of the state, by counties and by decades, from 1800 to 1880, according to the
United States censuses; and for 1880, by color and counties, the number of males over
21 years of age and their general nativity; the population, by age, sex, color, and
nativity, and by counties and nativity..
Statistics of coal production (124 pages).—This comprises a textual and statistical
account of mining in the state for the current year. There are also presented tabu-
lated statements of the production of coal, by counties and by individual establish-
ments in each county, showing the amount of capital invested in each, the number of
men employed, the general character of each plant, the number of tons produced, the
value of the product at the mines, together with a sketch of the peculiarities of the
coal deposits in each county, and mention of the social condition of miners, and the
prices paid for mining. The number of accidents and their causes are also given by
counties. These data have been obtained from the reports of the mine inspectors of
the state, who made a special survey of each county for the purpose of obtaining
the exact details. A textual account is given of mining methods and machinery,
with several cuts illustrating some of the methods of management for creating air
currents in mines, and a practical method of suppressing fires in them. In addition
to what is stated above, two short tables contrast the number of establishments, the
number of employés, the quantity of product and its value at the mines for the
years 1870, 1880, and 1882, the contrast between the last two years being by counties.
Statistics of manufactures (121 pages).-This constitutes a wholly statistical account
of the manufactures of the state, embracing tables which exhibit the manufactures
of the state, classified by industries and by counties, and show the number of estab-
lishments, the number of employés (males over 15, females over 15, and children under
15), the amounts paid for wages and material, the amount of capital invested, and
the value of the product of every manufacturing enterprise in every county and in
the state, as compiled by the United States Census Office, 1880. Supplemental to
the general tables are specific statistics of some of the more important branches of
manufacture, including agricultural implements, distilleries, meat packing, flour
and grist mills, iron and steel, and other industries. The industries of Chicago are
also treated of in a separate table.
The lead mines of Illinois (3 pages).-This gives a short textual and historical review
of lead mining in the state.
Public indebtedness in Illinois (9 pages).-This subject embraces a textual and statis-
tical history of the public indebtedness of the state. The text contains the consti-
tutional provisions in regard to incurring debts. Tables give the debt of the state
in 1842 and for what purposes it was incurred, and the resources available for its
payment; also the state debt for various years from 1842 to 1870. A table also gives
the existing (1880) local indebtedness of the state, by minor civil divisions, and the
nature of the debt. The comparative indebtedness, state, county, and municipal,
and per capita amount of the western states for 1870 and 1880 is given. The local
indebtedness of the state is shown, by counties, in a final table.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-ILLINOIS.
25
:
Convict labor (2 pages).—A textual consideration of the employment of the criminals
of the state is here presented.
Strikes and lockouts in Chicago and vicinity (27 pages).-Under this heading is given a
textual account of strikes and lockouts in Chicago and vicinity during the year
1882. A short table gives a calculation of the cost of making a barrel of flour into
bread in Chicago.
Statistics of wages, rents, and the cost of living (79 pages).—This chapter presents a sta-
tistical account of wages, rents, and cost of living in the state, based on returns
from circulars sent to workingmen and workingwomen of the different towns and
cities of the state. In the tables are first given, for 44 selected occupations, the num-
ber of returns, days worked, and average wages and earnings of the heads of fami
lies, the income from other sources, the cost of living and items of expenditure,
amount of rents paid, savings made, losses sustained, the number in family, their
social condition, etc. In greater detail are given returns by industries and occu-
pations, and by individuals for the same occupations, a brief textual analysis of
each specific occupation to cover points not fully brought out by the tables being
appended. The occupation, wages, and expenses of 21 families, by occupations,
are given in a short table, accompanied by one page of text. In a separate table
are given, by occupations, the average annual earnings of the better class of work-
ingmen in Chicago, the number in family, number of rooms occupied, and amount of
rent paid. For the purpose of comparison, the average annual earnings in Chicago
and New Jersey are given, by occupations. Wages of male and female clerks in
retail stores of Chicago are also given. A separate chapter is devoted to railroad em-
ployés, giving, by roads and occupations, the number of officers and employés and
their average yearly salaries.
Strikes, their evils and remedies, by William Halley (6 pages).—This is composed of a
textual essay, in which the author suggests as remedies, state arbitration and society
cooperation.
The school system in Illinois (8 pages).—Under this heading is embraced a text-
nal and partially tabular summary of statistics relating to the schools of the state
for the year ending June 30, 1882, from advance sheets of the report of the superiu-
tendent of public instruction, giving the number of pupils, schools, and teachers, the
pay of teachers, cost of tuition of each pupil, occupations of graduates of the uni-
versity, the value of school property, the amount expended for school purposes during
each school year, etc.
State loan and building associations (9 pages).—This topic presents a textual and statis-
tical account of building, loan, and savings associations in the state. Three tables
give the names, location, dates of organization, number of shareholders, rate of in-
terest, amount of assets and liabilities, and receipts and disbursements, etc., of the
leading building associations in the state.
The labor laws of Illinois (29 pages).—This is a compilation of the laws providing for
the health and safety of employés in coal mines; relating to the right of way of min-
ing companies; regulating the hours of labor; relating to liens against railroads;
to mechanics' liens; to limitations; to conspiracy; to master and servant; to em-
ployers' liability for injury to employés; providing for exemption from execution
and attachment; relating to the attachment of wages and to the employment of ap-
prentices; providing for the protection of children; and relating to building and loan
associations, together with a syllabus of the leading cases wherein the supreme court
of the state has declared its construction of mooted points. Municipal regulations
of Chicago relating to factories are also included.
THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT, 1883 AND 1884.-[676 PAGES.]
Work, wages, and profits and earnings in the manufacturing industries (132 pages).—This
consists of a mainly statistical inquiry, divided into three chapters: Time and
wages, Earnings and profits, and an Industrial comparison between Illinois and
A
26
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Massachusetts. The data for the tables are drawn from the United States census of
of 1880, and are uniform with those of Carroll D. Wright, who, as chief of the
bureau of statistics of labor of Massachusetts, made a similar exhibit for the indus-
tries of that state in 1883. Under the head Time and wages preliminary totals
give the number of establishments and number of employés in the state, and the
number used in this presentation, by industries, and, for the latter, the amount of
capital invested, the amount paid in wages, and the value of materials used and of
the products. The main tables give, by industries and establishments, the average
number of employés, the average daily wages of skilled mechanics and of ordinary
laborers, their hours of labor, the time employed during the year, and whether run-
ning full, three-fourths, two-thirds, or one-half time, or idle; the number of skilled
mechanics and of ordinary laborers classified separately, by industries, and average
daily wages received; and the number of establishments paying certain wages, by
industries and by groups of rates; by their daily running time, time run during the
year; and by industries, the total number of employés, their average wages, and
hours of labor.
Under Profits and earnings a general table gives, by industries and establish-
ments, the average number of employés, the amount of capital invested, the total
amount paid in wages, the value of the stock issued and of the product, the average
yearly earnings of each employé, the average yearly product per employé, the esti-
mated amount of interest and tax expenses, etc. Additional tables give summaries
of the general table, by industries and by counties, the number of establishments
making a profit or incurring a loss, by industries, and the number and per cent. of
employés (men, women, and children), by industries.
Under Industrial comparison between Illinois and Massachusetts, tables give the
number of establishments and of employés used in the comparison, and for each state
the number and per cent. of employés, classified by wages received; the number of
establishments, classified according to hours of labor; the aggregate and average
working time and idleness in each, the average working time and earnings of each
employé, by industries, the per cent, of establishments making a profit or incurring
a loss, by industries, and, also by industries, the proportions of men, of women, and of
children and youths employed in the establishments under consideration in the state
and in all establishments in Massachusetts.
Earnings, expenses, and condition of workingmen and their families (282 pages).-Under
this heading will be found a comprehensive textual and statistical investigation
concerning the earnings, expenses, cost of living, and condition of workingmen in
the state, based on returns from 2,129 families, embracing a total of 9,834 persons in
fifty-one different places in the state visited by agents of the bureau in 1884. The
treatment is divided into seven chapters, viz: Introduction, Earnings and expenses,
Sources of the family income, Analyses of the family expenditures, Prices of com-
modities in Illinois and elsewhere, Hours of labor in Illinois, and Condition of
families. Under the first head, Introduction, tables give the names and population
of places visited, showing the number of families whose condition was investigated,
the number of persons in them, and the average number of persons to each family;
the average size of families, based upon the grouping of places according to popula-
tion; the number of families visited, by places and occupations, by nationalities, and
by nationalities and occupations, showing the percentage of the principal nationali-
ties in different classes of industries, and the percentage of skilled and unskilled
workers of different nationalities. Under the head Earnings and expenses the
primary grouping of the main table of ninety pages is that by occupation, but under it
each family is further characterized by its place of residence, nationality, number of
persons of which it is composed, and size of the tenement in which it lives. These
conditions being given, the separate and combined earnings of the various members of
the family are shown; also the family expenditures subdivided into twelve general
items; and the surplus or deficit resulting at the end of the year. Additional tables
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-ILLINOIS.
27 -
R
show the relative number in each occupation who have been able to make more than
sufficient for their expenses; the average size of families and of tenements in sum-
marized form; and the average earnings and expenditures in each occupation.
Under Sources of family income a comparison is made to determine what propor-
tion of the heads of families are dependent upon the labor of their wives and children
for the necessaries of life, what proportion avail themselves of such assistance for the
purpose of getting on in the world more rapidly, and how many are supporting their
families by their individual earnings. Tables give the relative number of families sup-
ported by the husband alone, and those receiving assistance, by localities, by nation-
alities, and by occupations; the number of wives and children at work in each occupa-
tion, and their total income; the proportion of family income derived from the labor of
women and children; the number of wives and of children at work and their earn-
ings, by occupations, location, nationality, number in family, cost of living, etc.; the
number and earnings of children at specified ages; the location of children at work,
by ages; the number of children at work, at school, and at home, by locations, by
nationalities, by occupations, and by nativity of parents. Under Analyses of
family expenditures, tables show the average cost of different items of expenditure
to families of workingmen, by location and occupation; the average size of the fam-
ily; the influence of trades unions upon earnings; the amounts expended for the
support of unions; the percentage of expenditure for various items by families of
workingmen in Illinois, Massachusetts, Great Britain, and Prussia. Under Prices of
commodities in Illinois and elsewhere, tables are given showing the prices of com-
modities in different towns and cities of the state in 1884; for Massachusetts for various
years from 1860 to 1883; for Massachusetts, Illinois, and Great Britain for 1883–84; and
the earnings and expenses of workingmen in twenty representative occupations in the
state, of nineteen families in Massachusetts, and of sixteen families in Great Britain.
Under Hours of labor in Illinois is a single table showing the average number of
hours worked per day, and weeks worked per annum, together with the average
weekly and yearly earnings of workingmen, and the number in family, by occupa-
tions. Under Condition of families, are given details in regard to each of 167
representative families selected from all the families investigated, showing their
nationality; occupation and annual earnings of the father; the earnings of other
members of the family; the number, age, sex, and status of the children; the char-
acter of the home; articles of food; and, finally, the specific items of expense incurred
in supporting the family for the year.
Statistics of coal production for 1884, and reports of mine inspectors (190 pages).-This em-
braces a general textual and statistical account of the mining industry in the state
for 1884. A brief summary of mining laws passed by the legislature at its last ses-
sion and the condition of miners in Streator and Bellville are given. The remainder
consists almost entirely of the reports of the five mine inspectors. Summaries of the
production of coal in 1883 and 1884, the number of accidents, etc., for the state, are
first given. In the report are presented tabulated statements of the coal production
for the current year, by counties and by individual establishments in each county,
showing the number of men employed and the amount of capital invested in each, the
general character of each plant, the number of tons produced, the value of the product
at the mines, together with a sketch of the peculiarities of the coal deposits in each
county, the number of days worked, number of accidents, etc.
The manufacture of drain tile (33 pages).-This topic presents a textual and statistical
account of the manufacture of drain tile in the state, including a directory of
manufacturers of drain tile for 1884. Six tables give, by counties, the number of fac-
tories from which returns were received, the number of employés, the average
monthly wages for different classes of labor, the total amount paid for wages, the
amount of capital invested, the value of product, the cost of fuel, the methods of
manufacture, the kind of power used, etc., and the number of establishments in
operation each year, 1875, 1880, and 1884.
28
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
·
Industrial, social, and economic conditions at Pullman, Ill. (17 pages).-This consists of a
joint report, by the chiefs and commissioners of the various bureaus of labor present
at the convention of 1884, of an investigation of the economic experiment conducted
by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The sketch includes its history, methods of
construction, a table giving its growth in population, and a brief discussion of wages,
rents, expenses of living, health, etc.
FOURTH BIENNIAL REPORT, 1885 AND 1886.—[636 PageS.]
Statistics of convict labor (140 pages).—A mainly texual, though partially statistical,
consideration of the subject is here presented. The treatment is divided into three
chapters and an appendix. The first chapter gives a textual account of the experi-
ence in the maintenance and management of the Illinois penitentaries under the lease
system from 1839 to 1867; under the public account system from 1867 to 1871; and under
the contract system from 1871 to 1886. The second chapter gives statistics of prison
labor in the United States. Table I gives the name and location of one hundred and
eight institutions for 1886, being all in which productive industries are carried on, clas-
sified by states; and for each, shows the total number of convicts, the number at work,
the character of the work and method of employment, and the number idle for want of
employment and for other reasons. A recapitulation shows the saine by states. Table
II shows the number of convicts at work, by sex and systoms of employment, for all
institutions by industries, with a recapitulation by classes of industries. Table III
shows the number of convicts employed, by systems and states. Tables IV and V
show, for institutions, the number of convicts employed and the number under the
contract system, the specific branch of industry engaged in, and the contract price paid
per day, the data being arranged in Table IV by states, and in Table V by industries.
Table IV is supplemented by a recapitulation by states. Table VI gives the number
of convicts under contract, the price paid, and the estimated earnings per day in thirty-
one penal institutions and for fifty-seven specified industries.
-seven specified industries. Table VII shows, by
states and institutions, the number of convicts and the number employed, by sex, with
a recapitulation by kinds of institutions. Table VIII gives the number of convicts,
by sex, employed in all institutions by kind of work done, and the same for unskilled
occupations alone. Table IX gives the former occupations of 51,034 convicts as re-
ported by themselves, with a recapitulation by classes of occupations. Table X
gives for each penal institution of Illinois, by occupations, the total number of convicts
and the number at work, by sex and by method of employment. Table XI shows,
by industries, the number of convicts at work in Illinois, their sex and method of
employment. The third chapter is a textual consideration of the advantages and dis-
advantages of the contract system as compared with other systems. It contains sev-
eral part-page tables giving the number of pieces of cooperage manufactured, and sold
in Chicago by a firm using contract convict labor at the Joliet penitentiary, each year,
from 1875 to 1885. The same is given for fifteen private establishments in Chicago, and
the two are compared in a third table. Other short tables give the average annual
earnings of each of nine provision coopers in Chicago, each year, from 1875 to 1885; and
of three beer-barrel coopers, each year, from 1876 to 1885; the market prices of different
products from 1875 to 1885; and the price per piece paid for making barrels, and the
average weekly earnings of coopers in ten different cities of the Union. The appendix
gives an account of recent action of five other states in regard to convict labor.
-
Trade and labor organizations of Illinois (321 pages).-Under the above heading is em-
braced a comprehensive textual and statistical account of labor organizations in
Illinois. There is first given, in 20 pages of text, a general consideration of the rise
and development of labor organizations in England and in this country, which con-
tains a short table, giving the names of the principal trades union societies in Great
Britain and the number of their members. There are forty-nine tables bearing on a
wide range of topics touching labor organizations. They are divided into different
groups and chapters. The first gives the names, location, date of organization, num-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS ILLINOIS.
29
ber of members, the proportion of the trade organized, etc., of trades unions and
kindred organizations, not including Knights of Labor, and of Knights of Labor
separately, by local assemblies, in Illinois. The progress of organization is shown in
tables giving the dates of organization, membership, etc., of trades unions and Knights
of Labor, separately, with recapitulations by years, and the number of trades or-
ganized and Knights of Labor assemblies during the first six months of 1886. The
local distribution of organizations is shown by tables giving the location and mem-
bership of organizations, by counties and by kind of organization. The nationality
of members is given, by occupations. Tables give the occupations of 32,857 Knights
of Labor and the occupations of 87,112 organized workingmen in Illinois, with the
relative number in Cook county, and the number of members who have homes and
families, by occupations, and by counties and kind of organization. Tables also give
for trades unionists and Knights of Labor by occupations, for railroad employés by
roads, and for coal miners by counties, separately, the average wages paid, the average
working time, how wages are paid, and the number in each occupation, by hours of
labor worked and number of weeks worked. A summary shows, by occupations, for
trades unionists and Knights of Labor how and when wages are paid. A table shows
the location and particulars reported about existing truck stores. The average weekly
wages of trades unionists, in 58 industries, are given, by occupations, each year, from
1882 to 1886; for railroad employés, by roads, each year, from 1880 to 1886; for miners,
from 1880 to 1886; and for Knights of Labor, each year, from 1882 to 1886; and a sum-
mary gives a comparison of wages in 114 occupations for the years 1882 and 1886,
with the percentage of increase or decrease. Under the head of strikes, tables give
a record of the relations between menibers of employés' organizations and their em-
ployers, by counties and industries, from 1880 to 1886; a list of strikes of trades unions
and Knights of Labor, the number of men striking, and the result of each strike, by
industries and by causes, and the loss of wages occasioned by strikes, arranged by
unions, industries, and localities. A consolidated summary shows, by industries, the
number of strikes and strikers, the time lost, the value of time lost, and the amount
of aid received during the strikes. The beneficiary features of trades unions, Knights
of Labor, railroad employés' and coal miners' organizations are shown, for each sepa-
rately, in a table giving, by organizations, the amounts paid in benefits, contri-
butions, etc., and the character of benefit features maintained. A table gives, by
industries, a list of boycotts engaged in by trades unions and Knights of Labor,
showing the objects sought, the members engaged in them, their success, etc. A
final table gives data concerning cooperative efforts among labor organizations in
Illinois.
The eight-hour movement in Chicago, May, 1886 (34 pages).-This subject presents an
account of the eight-hour movement in Illinois, including a brief textual sketch of the
eight-hour movement abroad and in this country. Tables give, first, the industries
represented in the returns, the number of establishments reporting in each, and the
number of men employed; then, in detail, the number of men employed in each estab-
lishment from which returns were made, their hours of labor, their demands as to
wages, etc., length of suspension, if any, to enforce such demands, the concessions
made, number of men employed at the date of the returns, etc.; summaries are given
by industries. The text includes remarks of employers concerning the eight-hour
movement.
The fining system (28 pages).—This topic comprises a mainly textual account of the
fining system as practiced in factories, stores, and other establishments in the state,
including a statement of an employer on blacklisting as practiced by a union of
manufacturers. Preliminary tables give for 23 factories which do not fine and for
14 which do, the number of employés in each (men, women, and children), and their
wages and hours of labor. Other tables show transcripts from a number of envelopes
transmitting earnings to employés, and indicating the frequency and amount of the
fines which have been deducted.
30
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
!
!
Statistics of coal mining in Illinois (96 pages).This constitutes the regular annual
report of the bureau for the year ending July, 1886. Reports from the five district
inspectors give, by counties and establishments, the number of miners, the number
of days employed, the number of tons of coal mined and the value per ton, the
character of the plant, etc., and a list of accidents, showing the character of the
injury and the cause of the accident. Summaries for the state, compiled from the
several reports, show,the number of counties producing coal, the number of mines
and miners, the total output, etc.; the number of mines by size or capacity, each
year, from 1883 to 1886; the number of miners, each year, from 1884 to 1886; the
annual output, by districts, for the years 1870, 1880, and 1882 to 1886; the average
value of coal by districts for each year, from 1882 to 1886; the average price paid for
mining, each year, from 1883 to 1886, by districts; the consumption of powder in
1886, by districts and counties; the number of fatal and non-fatal casualties, by dis-
tricts and causes; a comparison of casualties each year, from 1883 to 1886; the num-
ber of escapement shafts and mechanical ventilators, from 1884 to 1886, by districts;
statistics concerning the use of screens; and a table showing, by districts, the amount
of capital invested in coal mines, the output for the year, the number of employés,
modes of working, etc.
FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT, 1887 AND 1888.-[559 PAGES.]
Introduction (4 pages).
Statistics of mortgages (303 pages).—This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of
mortgage indebtedness in the state for the three years 1870, 1880, and 1887. Tables
covering 205 pages give, for each county separately for each of the three years,
the number of mortgages on record, their amounts, whether on farming lands, build-
ing lots, or chattels, the causes for the mortgages, the number of acres mortgaged,
the average rate of interest, the average term, the total number of acres, the per-
centage of acres mortgaged, the average incumbrance per acre on lands actually
mortgaged, the totals of mortgages to non-residents, etc. Tables covering 58 pages
give the same information, in the nature of summaries, for the state. In addition there
are given a textual analysis and comments on tables, and a number of short tables giv-
ing summaries, recapitulations, and analyses of details contained in the general tables.
The number of mortgages, their amounts, and the number of acres and lots held by
non-residents are apportioned to the states where held. The three years are con-
trasted in short tables.
Statistics of strikes and lockouts, 1881-'86 (115 pages).-This division of the report con-
sists of a statistical account of strikes and lockouts in the state during the series of
years 1881 to 1886, inclusive, based on material furnished by the United States Depart-
ment of Labor (see Third Annual Report). Several tables, introduced by appropriate
commentary and analyses, give a list of strikes and lockouts in the state, by years.
and industries, showing for each strike and lockout its location, date, duration,
cause, result, whether ordered by a labor organization or by combinations of mana-
gers, the number of employés, their wages and hours of labor before and after the
strike or lockout, the losses to employers and to employés, etc.; summaries show the
same for the state for all strikes and lockouts, by years and by industries. Other
tables show the results of strikes, by years, and whether ordered by labor organiza-
tions, by years and causes and by industries and causes; a comparison of the num-
ber of establishments involved in strikes in the United States and in the five states
of New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Illinois combined, by years;
the number of strikes in the United States for the period, by causes, and the number
and per cent. for the seventeen leading causes; the number of days required for
employés to recover wage losses in each wholly and each partially successful strike
for an increase of wages, according to the gain in wages obtained.
Statistics of coal mining (120 pages). This topic is devoted to the regular annual
report of the bureau concerning the production of coal in the state. Reports from
the five district inspectors give, by counties and establishments, the number of
>
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-ILLINOIS.
31
miners and their hours of labor; the number of tons of coal mined and its value;
the amount of powder used; the methods of development and the mechanical equip-
ments of each mine, etc., and a list of accidents, showing the character of the injury
and the cause of the accident. Summaries for the state give the number of mines
according to their capacity each year, from 1883 to 1888; the number of mines and the
amount of coal produced in 1887 and 1888, by capacity of mines; the names and out-
put of the largest five mines; the total output of coal each year, from 1880 to 1888;
the output for 1887 and 1888, by counties; the output, number of employés, and the
average number of days worked for twenty-one leading coal companies; the average
value of coal per ton at the mines, by districts, each year, from 1882 to 1888; the average
prices paid for hand mining, from 1883 to 1888, by districts; the average value of coal
and prices paid for mining, from 1883 to 1888, by districts; the wages paid, by occupa-
tions, in machine mining, by companies, the number of employés, etc.; the total num-
ber of miners and others engaged in coal mining each year, from 1882 to 1888; the
average number of working days, by districts, for selected mines, and the per cent. of
the number of their employés of the total number of employés; by districts, for 282
mines, which produced 93 per cent. of the total output, the average number of men
per mine, the average number of days worked, the average number of tons mined
per man per annum and per day per mine; the consumption of powder, by coun-
ties; the number of deaths, and the number of persons made widows and fatherless
through accidents each year, from 1886 to 1888, the number killed or injured, the total
number of employés, the total output of coal, the number of employés, and the num-
ber of tons of coal produced to each accident, and the number of injuries, by charac-
ter and districts and by causes and districts. A general summary gives, by com-
panies, the average daily rate of wages paid; by occupations, the number of accidents,
etc.
SIXTH BIENNIAL REPORT, 1889 AND 1890.-[492 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages).
Earnings of coal mine employés (257 pages).-This division of the report is devoted
to statistics of the earnings and working time of employés in and about the coal
mines of Illinois. These statistics were obtained from the books and payrolls
of eleven of the principal mines in the state, located in different parts of the coal
district, representative of various systems of mining and presenting great diversity
of condition and terms of employment. A series of short tables, with an analysis
of each, is first presented, giving in condensed form the results of the investigation.
The general tables give, in detail, for each mine separately for every person em-
ployed in or about the mine during the year, the possible and actual working time,
his earnings for the time he appears on the payrolls, his average monthly and daily
earnings and percentage of possible time actually at work; summaries present the
foregoing facts by months, and recapitulations give the principal facts of the indi-
vidual tables by occupations.
Foreclosures of mortgages, judgments, and land values (74 pages).-This part of the
report is devoted to three groups of statistics. The first, relating to foreclosures of
mortgages, consists of a tabular statement for each county in the state and for the
state at large, of the number and amount of foreclosures of mortgages during the
calendar years 1880 and 1887 and of the number and amount of real estate mortgages
executed and recorded during the same years. A distinction is made between mort-
gages on lands and on lots. The second group, pertaining to judgments, is pre-
sented in three separate tables, each arranged by counties and covering the years
1880 and 1887. Table I gives the number and amount of judgments rendered for
debt, assumpsit, confession, and attachment, and for the costs pertaining to them.
Table II gives a similar presentation of judgments taken by confession on judgment
notes. Table III groups the totals of the two preceding tables in comparison
with chattel and real estate mortgages. The statistics relating to land values give,
32
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
[
i
by counties, the selling value of lands in Illinois, as shown by the records of deeds
made for acre tracts of land (not including town lots, blocks, or subdivisions) dur-
ing the calendar year 1887; the highest and lowest prices paid for land in Illinois in
1887, with the number of acres sold at the respective prices; and the value of lands
as shown by the records of land sales, compared with the values assessed for pur-
poses of taxation. Two sets of tables for Cook County, with the sales grouped by
towns and ranges, afford a comparison of values in that county between the years
1880 and 1887.
Statistics of coal mining (113 pages).-The statistics presented under the above
heading are based upon the annual reports of the state inspectors of mines and
cover the year ending July 1, 1890. A series of short tables, each accompanied with
brief textual comments, and in many cases affording a comparison with former years,
gives the number of mines in the state, the output for the year, the number of em-
ployés, the average value of coal at the mines, prices paid for mining by hand and
by machinery, the amount of powder used, and the number and character of acci-
dents which happened to employés in or about the mines. These tables are followed
by full reports of the state inspectors of mines, giving in detail the facts from which
the foregoing summaries have been derived.
Appendix (30 pages). This contains the text of two documents presented to the
thirty-seventh general assembly of Illinois, one on the part of prominent coal oper-
ators, protesting against adverse legislation; the other on the part of the miners, in
reply to the protest of the coal operators against adverse legislation.
INDIANA.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1879.-[515 PAGES.]
The state of Indiana (10 pages).-This is a brief sketch of the history, products, and
natural and commercial advantages of the state. Statistical tables show the capi-
tal, value of material and of the product, and number of employés, with their wages,
of six leading manufactories in 1879, and the growth of population by decades from
1820 to 1880.
Value of statistics, and official opinions (14 pages).-Under these heads are presented a
general consideration of tho value of statistics, opinions of officials relative to the
establishing of a bureau of statistics, and the text of the law creating the present
bureau.
Work of the bureau, report of expenses, and list of books received (44 pages).-A general
explanation of the lines of inquiry pursued, the results accomplished, and the meth-
ods of making estimates used by the bureau, the financial report of the bureau, and
a list of additions to the library and museum.
Agricultural statistics (75 pages).—This is a tabulated report, mainly an estimate,
of the statistics relating to agriculture in Indiana, based on returns made by county
auditors. There are four long tables, showing the average yield of wheat, corn, and
oats, by counties, for each year, from 1873 to 1879; also, by counties, the number of do-
mestic and farm animals, agricultural products, and manufactured articles in Indiana
for the year ending April 1, 1879, and the acreage and agricultural products, by
counties and also by townships, for the year 1879.
Statistics of dealers (60 pages).-These general trade statistics are arranged, first, by
counties and townships, and, second, by industries. Both tables show the number
of establishments, their average expenses and sales, the number of employés and
the annual wages paid. Explanatory footnotes follow the table for each industry,
and a recapitulation of the statistics shown in the tables and footnotes is given.
Statistics of manufacturers (64 pages).The statistics received from manufacturers
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-INDIANA.
33
relative to their condition are presented in tables with copious footnotes, showing
for each class of manufacturers, by counties or towns, the number of establishments,
the amount of capital invested, the value of raw material used and of the product,
the number of employés, and the total amount paid in wages; a recapitulation
gives the same information, by industries.
Miscellaneous statistics (128 pages).-Statistics collected from various sources in
Indiana which could not be classed under the preceding heads are here presented
in tabulated forin. Two tables show the liabilities and assets, in detail, of 243
banks, also the salaries paid officers, the amount of taxes paid, and the number of
employés. Other tables show the cost and length, receipts, expenditures, etc.,
of each toll road in the state; the circulation of papers and periodicals published
in the state, and the number and average wages of their employés; the number
of mortgages, liens, and real estate transfers from 1872-'73 to 1878–79, by counties
and years; the rate of taxation for all purposes, and the number of real estate
holders, from 1875 to 1879, by counties and years; the condition and cost of, and
general statistics relating to, all roads and bridges in the state; the amount invested
in public buildings, etc.; the number of acres of land in the state, its value, the
number of acres per capita, the value of personal property, etc., by counties; changes
in values for taxation, by counties; county expenditures, by items; the names, dates
of organization, etc., of cities and incorporated towns; the values of taxables in
cities and towns of the state in 1874 and in 1879; the expenditures of each town-
ship, by items; and rates of wages prevailing June 30, 1879, by counties and occu-
pations.
Social statistics (43 pages).—This chapter includes statistics relating to education,
marriages, and churches. The tables show for each county, by locations, the names
of educational institutions, the number of teachers and their average wages, the
value of school buildings and the number of pupils; the number of marriages, by
years, from 1870 to 1879, and for each month during the same time; the number of
churches, the number of their members, their expenses, etc., by denominations; the
number of professional men in the state; and the number of deadbeats, drunkards,
and prostitutes, with their proportion to the total population.
Municipal statistics (9 pages).-Statistical tables showing the total municipal indebted-
ness in the state, with rate of interest paid; and the value of the property of each
county.
Vital statistics and sanitary reports (42 pages).-This is a textual and statistical report
of the state health commission. It embraces a history of the commission and the
following papers: Health in the school room, by L. Moss, D.D.; Topography and
climate, by John L. Campbell, LL.D.; Decomposing organic matter, by G. W. Bur-
ton, M.D; Influence of popular customs, habits, and heredity upon public health and
morals, by J. W. Hervey, M.D; and Influence of geology upon local diseases, by Prof.
E. T. Cox. Tables show the number of deaths in Indianapolis during 1879, by causes
and months; and by causes and years, from 1873 to 1879; the number of deaths in
other cities reporting; and the number of letters of administration issued, by coun-
ties and years, from 1870 to 1879, inclusive, and by counties and months for the same
period.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1880.-[588 PAGES.]
Indiana (11 pages).-A brief textual description of the resources of the state, with
tables showing the increase in its population, by decades, from 1800 to 1880; the
amount of certain agricultural products and improvements of the state; and a com-
parison of school statistics for the years 1879 and 1880.
Importance of statistics and geology (4 pages).—A textual consideration of the sub-
ject, with tables showing, by counties, the number of acres in each and their value,
for various years, from 1854 to 1880.
13400———3
}
34
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
---
/
Work of the bureau (7 pages).—An explanation of the methods of work of the bureau,
with an account of various difficulties encountered and the results.
List of books received and report of expenditures (12 pages).
Agricultural statistics (129 pages).This consists of statistical tables regarding the
agricultural products of the state. Comprehensive statistics are given by counties
concerning the grain, hay, and fruit production during the year 1879, based on
assessors' returns; and the same for each county, by townships, for the year 1880,
partly estimated. Separate tables for each kind of grain, etc., show the acreage
and product for the years 1878, 1879, and 1880, by counties. Other tables present
statistics concerning the production of milk, honey, wool, etc., and, by counties, the
number of fruit trees in the state, the number of agricultural implements, the num-
ber of rods of fences, and the number of farm animals.
Miscellaneous statistics (150 pages).—Under this head are presented statistical tables
showing the number of real estate owners for each year, from 1875 to 1880, by counties;
the value of land and of personal property per capita, and the population in 1880;
the taxable valuation of real estate in 1875 and 1880, and of personal property in
1879 and 1880; copious statistics concerning toll roads and mortgages; the population
in detail for 1880; classifications of county expenditures; railroad statistics and
general road statistics; and a statement of the domestic exports of the United States
for each year, from 1861 to 1880; the diseases of domestic animals and the number
of deaths resulting therefrom, etc. This is followed by two papers, one on Tile
drainage for profit and health; the other on Flax culture in Indiana.
State health commission (50 pages).-This is the second annual report of the Indiana
state health commission, and embraces the following papers: Prevention of diseases,
by S. C. Weddington, M.D.; Healthful homes, by J. W. Hervey, M.D.; Malaria or
miasm, by J. T. Scovell, M.D.; Scarlet fever, by G. W. Burtou, M.D.; Diphtheria,
by W. S. Haymond, M.D.; and Human longevity, by G. L. Curtiss, M.D., D.D.
Geological report (82 pages).-A textual account of the geological formation of the
state; of the remains of the mammoth and mastodon; of archæological remains;
and a detailed account of the geological structure of Putnam and Monroe counties,
with two geological maps.
Molluscous fauna of Indiana (17 pages).-A list of molluscous fauna in the state pre-
pared by Frederick Stein, M.D.
Paleontology (52 pages).-A textual account of fossils of Indiana rocks, by C. A.
White, M.D., of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1881.-[452 PAGES.]
Indiana (2 pages).-A general description of the natural advantages of the state.
Statistics and their importance (8 pages).-A general consideration of the value of
statistics is here presented, concluding with replies from physicians relative to the
influence of tile drainage on health.
Agricultural statistics (133 pages). In this chapter are presented, in tabulated
form, the statistics relating to agriculture furnished the bureau by county assessors.
The tables give statistics concerning the production of grain, fruit, and other farm
products, arable land idle or unused, farm animals, etc., for the year 1880 and also
for 1881; and they are illustrated by fourteen maps showing the comparative pro-
duction of the various counties of the state in the branches of husbandry named.
Labor statistics (27 pages).-This is a statistical report based on data furnished by
American consuls in Europe and by county superintendents of schools in Indiana.
In the brief introduction comparisons are given of the averago weekly wages, of the
cost of provisions, and of illiteracy in Europe and in the United States. Ono table,
covering 22 pages, shows the average wages and hours of labor per day, for each
occupation in Indiana, by counties, in 1881.
Economic statistics (117 pages).This is a statistical discussion of various economic
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-INDIANA.
35
1
questions which bear upon the general management of public affairs. Twenty-five
tables are presented showing consecutively, the following: The ratio of the cost of
farm machinery to the value of the total production; the number of real estate
owners in each county for each year, from 1875 to 1880; the aid granted to railroads
by counties or townships; the prices in New York of grains, mess pork, and beef,
each year from 1825 to 1880; the general condition and management of the several
county asylums; the reported acreage of the state, by counties; the valuation of
real estate and personal property and the population of the state; county expendi-
tures; city indebtedness; and taxation and expenditures per capita.
Social statistics (29 pages).-Under this head are given statistics which show, in a
limited degree, the social phases of the people of Indiana. The facts shown by
the eight tables used are as follows: the number of inmates of the state asylum, so
far as reported by county auditors; the number of letters of administration issued,
by totals of months in eleven years, and the number of marriages for the same
period; the vocations of women and number in each; the acreage of the state and
its value, and the estimated population in 1881; the number of volumes in libraries;
and a statement of illiteracy in the United States, as shown by the census of 1880.
Educational statistics (18 pages).-This is a textual and statistical discussion concern-
ing the general situation of the educational interests of the state. The tables are
furnished by the state superintendent of public instruction and by the national
Bureau of Education, and a history of Purdue university is contributed by Prof.
Ingersoll.
Mineral statistics (8 pages).-Three tables taken from the census returns present
statistics for the United States in 1880, concerning the coal production, blast furnaces
and rolling mills, and the production of iron. One table, based on data furnished
by county assessors, shows the condition of the mineral resources of Indiana for the
year ending April 1, 1881.
Criminal statistics (7 pages).-This is a textual and statistical inquiry concerning
the causes of crime, and the expense to the state from crime and pauperism. A
table is given showing the number of convictions for crime during the year ending
June 30, 1881, and the influence of intoxicating liquors upon crime.
Railroad statistics (44 pages).-The statistical information obtained from the rail-
roads of Indiana is exhibited in tables giving for each road reporting, its length and
date of opening; its passenger and freight rates; the number of employés, by occu-
pations, and their wages; the amount of freight moved and the number of passengers
carried; the amount of capital stock; receipts, by sources, and gross expenses of
each; the number of cars and locomotives owned; and the causes, number, and se-
verity of accidents.
Meteorological statistics (27 pages).—This is a comprehensive report of meteorological
observations made in Indiana during the last fifteen years.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1882.-[555 PAGES.]
Introduction and financial statement (15 pages).
Agricultural statistics (153 pages).—Seventy-one tables are used to present the sta-
tistics relating to agricultural products. In most of the tables comparisons are made
between the years 1881 and 1882, and in a few cases 1879 and 1880 are also included.
Copious statistics are given regarding the production of grains, fruits and fruit trees,
milk and butter, farm animals, poultry, and concerning timbered, arable, and newly
cleared lands.
Educational statistics (11 pages).—The statistics relating to education in Indiana in
1882 were furnished by the state superintendent of public instruction. The tables
show, by counties, the number of teachers employed and their average wages; the
number of schoolhouses and their value; the size of township libraries; and the
school funds held by counties. An enumeration of school children, by sex and color,
is also given.
!
36
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
.
Railroad statistics (37 pages). These statistics for the year were collected by the
bureau from the railroad companies. They are arranged in tabulated form, and show
for each road reporting the following: the date of opening; passenger and freight
rates; the wages paid employés, by occupations; the tons of freight moved;
analysis of expenses; a general financial statement; and a list of accidents. The
aid granted new railroads by counties or townships is also shown.
an
Criminal statistics (11 pages).-Under this head are statistical tables showing, by
counties, the number of convictions in the state during 1882 for crimes and misde-
meanors, and the number due to the use of intoxicating liquors, and for Marion
county alone, the number of convictions for crime, with the offences and costs, the
number, by nativity, with comparative conditions, and the number caused by liquor.
Manufacturing statistics (44 pages).-Statistics for Indiana manufactories for the
year ending June 30, 1882, so far as the bureau was able to collect them, are here
given in tables showing for each industry, by counties, the number of establishments,
the amount of capital invested, the value of the raw material used and of the pro-
duct; the number of employés; and the total amount paid for wages and for all other
expenses. A recapitulation for all manufactures completes the chapter.
Vital statistics (52 pages).—From the reports made by county boards of health tables
were prepared showing, by counties, the total number of births, marriages, and
deaths, and the number of each for each mouth; the number of deaths, by age
periods, by nationality, by season, by diseases, and by occupations.
Economic statistics (70 pages).—These statistics are given in tables showing, by coun-
ties, the total expenditures classified and compared with previous years, beginning
with 1879; the amount of taxation for all purposes; the mortgage indebtedness and
land transfers; the number of real estate owners; the amount of court business by
classes of cases; the amount of county auditors' work, and the number of miles of
✓ free gravel road built in 1879, 1880, 1881, and 1882.
Mineral statistics (7 pages).--This is a statistical account of the mine and quarry
products of Indiana for 1881 and 1882.
Social statistics (80 pages).—A large part of this chapter is devoted to a report on
churches and church property. The tables give comprehensive statistics, by coun-
ties, and are followed by recapitulations, by counties and by denominations. Other
tables give comparative election returns, showing the vote of 1880 and 1882 for
state officers, congressmen, and members of assembly; and statistics concerning the
size of libraries and the number of pianos and sewing machines owned in the state.
Meteorological statistics (50 pages).-Under this head are given a report of the con-
vention of the Indiana weather observers, with copies of several papers read; and
several tables giving meteorological statistics for 1882.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1883.—[432 PAGES.]
Commissioner's report and financial statement (5 pages).
Agricultural statistics (70 pages).-Five pages of text give a description of the past
agricultural season and a synopsis of the statistical information contained in the
twenty-eight tables which follow. These tables show the general condition and
the amount of the grain, hay, vegetable and fruit crops, dairy products, and farm
animals and poultry, together with statements regarding tile drainage, timber and
grazing lauds, and death and replant of fruit trees.
Economic statistics (68 pages).—Under this head are given area, population, organi-
zation, court business, number of real estate owners, liens, transfers and mortgages,
taxable polls, and public expenditures of the several counties and the assessed val-
nation of property and rate of taxation, to which has been added a history and
statement of the public debt of the state, and the total township and city indebt-
edness in each county.
Manufacturing statistics (51 pages).—This is a comprehensive report concerning the
manufacturing industries of Indiana. The tables show for each of the leading in-
1
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-INDIANA.
37
dustries, separately, by counties, the number of establishments, the capital invested,
the value of raw material used and of product manufactured, and the number of
employés and their average wages.
Railroad statistics (28 pages).-This report embraces statistics regarding all rail-
roads entering or passing through the state. The tables show for each road, the
counties through which it runs; the number of miles of track in each county; the
value of rolling stock; the cost of construction; the equipment; the amount of pas-
senger and freight traffic; the annual earnings and expenses; the number and aver-
age wages of employés, by occupations; the number, character, and cause of acci-
dents; and the amount of aid granted by each township to railroads in 1882 and 1883.
Vital statistics (37 pages).-These statistics, for the year ending September 30, 1883,
were furnished by the secretary of the state board of health. The tables give the
number of births, by counties, months, sex, color, and nativity of parents; the
number of marriages in each month, by counties, color, and nativity; the number of
deaths in each county, by months and sex and by classes of diseases; also a recapit-
ulation of all the preceding facts.
Social statistics (57 pages).-This report consists of statistical tables, showing, by
counties, the number of churches and church members, and the value of church
property by denominations, with a recapitulation; the number of volumes in public
and in private libraries in 1882 and 1883; the number of pianos, organs, and sewing
machines owned in the state in 1882 and 1883; the number of divorces granted in
each county, so far as reported, by causes; the number of persons naturalized, by
nationalities; the number of inmates of county asylums; an enumeration of the
population, by color, for congressional purposes; the number of votes polled for gov-
ernor and for secretary of state in 1882; and the number of pupils or inmates of the
hospitals for the insane and the deaf and dumb and the blind asylums, Indianapolis.
Educational statistics (16 pages).-Very complete information is here given concern-
ing the general condition of public schools in Indiana for the year 1883. The sta-
tistics are arranged in tables showing the number of schoolhouses, their character
and value; the number of teachers and their average wages; an enumeration of
school children, by sex and color, and the number who can not read or write; the
number and size of township libraries; the number of private schools in public
schoolhouses; the number of teachers and of pupils, and statements of the school
funds and the distribution of school revenue.
Criminal statistics (13 pages).—Statistical tables showing, by counties, the number,
sex, and nativity of persons confined in jail during the year ending June 30, 1883;
also the crimes charged, and general condition of the jails; the number of persons re-
ceived, the number deceased, discharged, etc., at the Indiana state prison each year,
from 1822 to 1883; also, the same for the Indiana state prison north, from 1860 to
1883, and for the house of refuge, from 1868 to 1883.
Mineral statistics (8 pages).-This is a statistical report of the mines and quarries of
the state, showing the product for 1882 and 1883, and for coal mines, in addition,
the number of employés, the amount of capital invested, and the number of persons
killed or injured.
Bank statistics (8 pages).—These statistics show the general condition of the national
banks in Indiana, also the number of banks of all kinds in the state, with their average
capital and deposits and tax thereon each year from 1876 to 1883.
Internal revenue statistics (9 pages).-Statements are given showing the internal
revenue receipts from all sources and consumption of grain by distilleries in each
district of Indiana for 1881, 1882, and 1883; the number of cattle and hogs fed in
connection with distilleries; and a comparison of the receipts for each year from
1863 to 1883.
Pension statistics (10 pages).-Statistical tables show the number of pensioners of
Indiana, by congressional districts and by counties, with the amount of annual pen-
sions. Other tables taken from the report of the Commissioner of Pensions for 1883,
38
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
give complete information concerning pensioners and pensions for the whole United
States.
Appendix (29 pages).—This is made up of a collection of historical and statistical
tables on various subjects relating to the United States. The tables contain lists of
the Presidents, Vice-Presidents, members of cabinets, seats of state governments, etc.;
and also show the voting population of the states and territories, and the exports,
imports, and immigration for 1882 and 1883.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1884.—[537 PAGES.]
Agricultural statistics (155 pages).-In the introduction to this chapter are included
synopses of all the tables comprising the report and a paper on statistics by J. B.
Maynard. The statistical tables relating to agricultural products show first, the
production of grain in each county during 1884, and the same for the last six years;-
also for 1884 and one or two previous years, by way of comparison, the production
of hay, vegetables, dairy products, etc., farm animals and poultry, and the condition
of fruit trees, vines, drains, and farm lands.
Economic statistics (78 pages).-The tables, giving statistics relating to matters con-
cerning the welfare of the people of the state in general, contain statements of the
principal items of public expenditures in the several counties for the last six years;
an exhibit of the amounts of all taxes for the last fiscal year; the number and amounts
of all mortgages for 1884; the number of real estate owners; the amount of court
business; an abstract of taxable property in the state; and a summary of county,
city, and township debts on June 30, 1884.
Manufacturing statistics (59 pages).—Eight pages of this chapter are devoted to a
textual consideration of pauperism and its principal causes and of labor troubles.
The statistical tables which follow relate to the chief manufacturing industries of
Indiana, and show, by counties, for each industry, the number of establishments;
the capital invested; the value of raw material used and of the product manufactured;
the average number of employés and their total wages; a summary of the preced-
ing tables is given, followed by a statement compiled from a Bradstreet report,
showing the capital invested in business in the United States in June, 1880.
Railroad statistics (30 pages). These statistics relate to every railroad entering into
or passing through the state. Statements are given, showing, for each road, its length
in Indiana, its capital, equipment, earnings and expenses, wages of employés, num-
ber and character of accidents, and also the aid granted to new roads by counties
or townships during 1883 and 1884.
Social statistics (106 pages).-This is a collection of statistical tables relative to
church organizations in Indiana, libraries, divorces, naturalization, county asylums,
and statements showing the votes cast in 1880 and 1884 for governors and members
of Congress; and also, by counties, the name, place of publication, character, etc., of
each newspaper published in Indiana during 1884.
Educational statistics (25 pages).-These statistics were taken from the reports of
school superintendents throughout the state, and are presented in tables showing
the number of teachers and their average wages, the number of schoolhouses and
their value, an enumeration of children of school age and the number attending
school, and the distribution of school revenue for 1884.
Vital and sanitary statistics (23 pages).—The tables here presented were compiled
from the report of the state board of health. They give complete statistics regard-
ing the births and marriages in Indiana during the year ending September 30, 1884,
and a summary, by counties, of the marriages, births, and deaths for the same period.
Criminal statistics (11 pages).—This is a report showing the number, sex, and nativ-
ity of persons confined in jail in Indiana during 1884; the number of convictions
and indictments in criminal cases, and a classified statement of the prisoners in the
penal and reformatory institutions of the state.
Mineral statistics (8 pages). This is a statement of the mine and quarry products
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS INDIANA.
39
reported for the seasons 1882-'83 and 1883-'84, and of the general condition of coal
mines for the years 1882, 1883, and 1884.
Miscellaneous statistics (24 pages).—Under this head are presented statistics relative
to a variety of subjects. The principal tables relate, respectively, to the freight
rates charged by leading railroads to seaboard cities; to internal revenue receipts;
to distilleries; to benevolent institutions; and to pensions. An estimate of the
apple and small-fruit crop for 1884 is also given.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT (7TH VOL.), 1885 AND 1886.-[502 PAGES.]
Commissioner's report (50 pages).—This contains, in addition to a general report and
financial statement of the bureau, a textual history of the discovery and use of
natural gas in Indiana, with numerous statistical statements, a consideration of the
value of labor statistics, advocating increased facilities for their collection in the
state; a reference to the state debt, domestic and foreign; a textual and statistical
account of all kinds of agricultural products during the year; a consideration of the
prevalence of disease among domestic animals; a summary of school statistics, and
synopses of all the information contained in the report.
General statistics (268 pages).—In this chapter are presented textual and statistical
descriptions of each county in the state, including information respecting the area.
soil, population, schools, yield and value of agricultural products, live stock, town-
ship indebtedness, assessed valuation of property, rate of taxation, and churches;
also of the churches, by denominations; and comparative statements of the average
yield of corn, wheat, and oats for the five years from 1880 to 1884, and for the years
1885 and 1886.
Manufacturing statistics (44 pages). The statistical tables given here relate to the
principal manufacturing industries of Indiana and show for each, separately, by
counties, the number of establishments; the value of the raw material used and of
the product; the number of employés; and the total amount paid in wages; with a
summary, by industries. A statement is also given showing the number of coal
nines in operation in 1885 and in 1886, the average number of employss, the amount
of product, and of capital invested.
Social statistics (16 pages). This consists of tables giving for the years 1885 and 1886
complete statistics concerning the inmates of county asylums; the number and
causes of divorces; the number and nationality of persons naturalized in the state;
and the official vote for Representatives, by congressional districts.
Economic statistics (39 pages).-Here tables are given containing statistics on sub-
jects pertaining to the management of public affairs in each county, including
county indebtedness and expenditures of all kinds, the business of the courts, mort-
gages, and real estate transfers; and the number of owners of land.
Criminal statistics (11 pages).-This is a tabulated statement of the number, sex,
color, and nativity of persons confiued in jail during 1885 and 1886, and a classifica-
tion of the crimes charged, by counties.
Railroad statistics (29 pages).-This is a report of all railroads entering into or passing
through Indiana, and consists of tables giving for each road, for the years 1885 and
1886, its earnings, expenses, passenger and freight traffic; the number and average
wages of employés, by occupations; and the number of accidents and their causes.
Other tables show the aid granted to railroads by townships, and the name, length,
assessed value, etc., of each road in the state, by counties.
Vital statistics (5 pages).-A statistical table showing, by counties, the number of
marriages, births, and deaths during the year ending September 30, 1886.
Miscellaneous statistics (18 pages).-Under this head are presented tables relating to
the United States. They show consecutively the assets and liabilities of the United
States Treasury; the receipts and expenditures of the United States for 1885 and
1886; the receipts from internal revenue in 1886, by states; the public debt of the
United States in 1885 and in 1886; the value of imports and exports of gold, silver, and
40
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
merchandise each year, from 1881 to 1886; the value of imports and exports carried
in American and foreign vessels, each year, from 1856 to 1885; the annual consump-
tion of malt liquors and wines in the United States, for the years 1840, 1850, 1860,
and each year from 1870 to 1886, inclusive; and the transportation rates on various
railroads.
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT (8TH VOL.), 1887 AND 1888.-[554 PAGES.]
Introductory references, articles, etc. (109 pages).-This chapter is, in effect, a brief his-
tory of Indiana for the years 1887 and 1888. It contains the following: An account
of the developinent of the natural gas resources of the state; a statement of the re-
sult of an investigation concerning marriage and divorce, with statistical tables; a
discussion regarding paupers and criminals; a report of the national convention of
chiefs of labor bureaus at Indianapolis, in 1888; an account of the drought, of 1887,
with statements of its effects in various counties; textual explanations and synopses
of the statistical tables appearing in the report itself; and finally, a consideration
of building and loan associations, with five statistical tables covering twenty-two
pages, and embracing a history of those associations, and a complete description of
the manner in which they are conducted.
Indiana cities and towns (148 pages). This is a textual description of each city and
important town, arranged by counties, in Indiana, and concludes with a statement
showing the population, value of real estate and personal property, and the indebt-
edness and rate of taxation in the several cities and towns mentioned. The statis-
tics for each of the years 1886 and 1887 are given separately, the form of the tables
being the same in both cases, and they are presented in the following order:
General statistics (33 pages for 1887, and 31 pages for 1888).-These tables show the
amount and value of grain, seeds, hay, potatoes, sugar, dairy products, and domes-
tic fowls for each year; also the amount of stone, lime, cement, and coal.
Live stock (15 pages for each year).-These tables show the number of horses, mules,
cattle, sheep, and hogs in Indiana in 1887 and 1888, and the number dying of dis-
eases in each year.
Social statistics (7 pages for 1887 and 9 pages for 1888).--These statistics show the num-
ber of inmates of poor asylums, the number and causes of divorces granted; the num-
ber and nationality of persons 'naturalized, and for 1888 the number of votes cast at
the November election in Indiana for President and for governor.
Economic statistics (22 pages for each year).—Under this head are given statements of
county expenditures, in detail; of town and county indebtedness; statistics of liens,
mortgages, and transfers, and of the business transacted in the several judicial cir-
cuits of the state; and of the assessed valuation of property.
Criminal statistics (7 pages for each year).-Tables are given showing the number of
persons confined in jails and the crimes charged against them.
Fruits and fruit trees (11 pages for 1887 and 9 pages for 1888).-Statements are given
of the number and variety of fruit trees in the state, with the number dying and
replanted each year, and of the amount of fruit canned, dried, or preserved.
Railroad statistics (16 pages for 1887 and 35 pages for 1888).-These statistics show the
annual earnings and expenses and passenger and freight traffic of each road entering
into or passing through the state, and the number of employés and their wages and
hours of labor; also the number and character of accidents and the aid granted to
railroads by counties or townships.
Strikes and lockouts (31 pages).-Tables taken from the Third Annual Report of the
United States Department of Labor show, by years and industries, for each strike
occurring in Indiana from 1881 to 1886, the following: the locality, cause, duration,
result, the loss to employés and to employers, and the number of employés, with their
average wages before and after the strike. Recapitulations give the same informa-
tion for all years by industries, and for lockouts, by years and industries.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-INDIANA.
41
THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT (9TH VOL.), 1889 AND 1890.-[505 PAGES.]
Introductory articles (20 pages).-Under this heading are given a brief account of the
results of the discovery and application of natural gas in Indiana; statistics of farmi
products of the state for the twelve years, from 1879 to 1890; a copy of the law en-
larging and defining the duties of the bureau; and an article drawing a comparison
between Massachusetts and Indiana as regards area and population, with two short
tables giving the population of these states for each decade, from 1820 to 1890, and
the popular vote for President from 1824 to 1888, inclusive.
Building and loan associations (49 pages). This is a textual and statistical considera-
tion of the operations of the building and loan associations of the state for the years
1889 and 1890, based upon data furnished by the secretaries of these associations.
The tables give the name of each association reporting, its location, capital stock,
the number of shares, the name of the secretary, the number of series issued, the
number of shares taken, the number of shareholders, the profits per share on ma-
tured series, the length of time each series was maturing, the amount of security
forfeited, the rate per cent. charged on loans, the average amount of weekly pre-
miums paid on each share borrowed on, the number of shares and the amount bor-
rowed by wageworkers, the amount of dues, fines, and interest paid, the cash on
hand, the amount of profits received, the amount paid for redemption of shares, and
the amount of office expenses, including salaries, printing, etc.
Agricultural statistics (108 pages). This part of the report is devoted to the agricul-
tural interests of the state and consists of a number of tables showing, by counties,
the acreage and production of the principal farm products for the years 1888, 1889, and
1890; the number of rods of fencing erected and of drain tile laid in 1889 and 1890;
the number of horses, mules, cattle, and sheep, and the amount of wool clipped in
1888 and 1889, with the estimated product for 1890; the number of sheep killed by
dogs in 1889 and 1890, and the number of cattle, hogs, and sheep slaughtered for
food in Indiana in 1888, 1889, and 1890.
Economic statistics (73 pages).-This consists almost entirely of statistical tables
compiled from data furnished by county, township, and court officials. The first
four tables relate to county expenses and show the amounts paid out by each county
for various purposes; the remaining tables show the indebtedness of the several
counties and townships; the bonded and floating debt and sinking funds of the
several cities and towns; the several judicial circuits in the state and the business
transacted in each; the number of transfers by guardians, sheriffs, auditors, and
others; the number of mortgages. liens, and satisfactions; and the number of land
and lot owners in each county, for 1889 and 1890. An additional table shows the as-
sessed valuation of property for 1890, the taxes levied for 1889, and the rate of taxa-
tion and number of polls in 1890.
Criminal statistics (15 pages).—These tables give the number of prisoners in the jails
of Indiana in 1889 and 1890, and show their sex, nativity, and color, and the crimes
charged against them and on account of which they were incarcerated.
Social statistics (99 pages).—The statistics presented under the above title relate to
various subjects. They show, by counties, the age, sex, and nature of disability of
inmates of county asylums; the number of divorces granted and the causes alleged
in the complaints; the number and nationality of persons naturalized in Indiana in
1889 and 1890; the enumeration, enrollment, and average attendance of school chil-
dren, the number of teachers employed, the number and value of schoolhouses, the
amount paid to teachers, and the number of volumes in township libraries in 1890;
the votes cast for governor in 1888, and for secretary of state and for the several
congressional candidates at the election of 1890.
Railroad statistics (77 pages).—This is a textual and statistical consideration of the
railroad affairs of the state for the years 1889 and 1890. The tables, based upon
returns received from railroad officials, give for each road in detail the earnings and
42
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
expenses, the amount of passenger and freight traffic, the wages of employés and
their daily hours of labor, the number of persons killed or injured by accidents, and
the amount of aid voted by each county. An additional table shows the value of
the main track, side track, rolfing stock, and improvements on right of way of the
several railroads in the state in 1890, as equalized by the state board of equalization.
Coal mines (10 pages). This topic consists of several statistical tables showing, by
counties, the number of mines in the state, the total product and the disposition of
the same, the average price per ton at the mines, the average wages paid per day to
employés in coal mines, the value of mines and improvements, and the power used
in mining.
Miscellaneous statistics (38 pages). This consists of a number of tables on various
subjects, taken mostly from United States treasury and census reports. The tables
show the population of one hundred of the principal cities in the United States and
their expenditures in detail; the number of alien passengers landed in the United
States each year from 1820 to 1890; the number and sex of immigrants, by nationality,
landed during the year ending June 30, 1890; the gold and silver imports and ex-
ports, for 1889 and 1890; the imports of merchandise during the year ending June 30,
1890; the values of the imports and exports of the United States carried in American
and in foreign vessels, respectively, each fiscal year, from 1857 to 1890; the public
debt of the United States, each year, from 1791 to 1890; the rate of taxation, receipts
and expenditures and public debt of each of the states and territories for 1888; the
receipts and expenditures of the United States for the year ending June 30, 1890;
the population of Indiana, by counties, each decade, from 1800 to 1890; the popula-
tion of the United States, by states and territories, for the years 1870, 1880, and 1890;
the number of Indians living on and off reservations in the several states and territo-
ries; the amount of coinage executed at the mints during the fiscal year 1890; the
coining value of the gold and silver produced from the mines of the United States
since 1792; the production of spirits for the last ten years; and the number of con-
victs in the penitentiaries of the several states and territories in 1890.
IOWA.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT, 1884 AND 1885.-[398 PAGES.]
Origin of the bureau (2 pages).-A copy of the act creating the bureau.
Introductory (5 pages).
National convention-Blanks of Iowa bureau (31 pages).-This consists of abstracts from
the minutes of the first and second national conventions of chiefs and commissioners
of labor bureaus, including a paper by Prof. Sanborn on Labor and statistical prob-
lems of the farm, and copies of blanks sent out by the Iowa bureau to township
assessors, employers, and employés.
Labor organizations (11 pages).-A textual and statistical consideration of labor
organizations in the state, giving the location and number of members in 1884, of
the Knights of Labor assemblies, of typographical unions, cigar makers' unions, and
organizations of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, the Brotherhood of Loco-
motive Firemen, the Order of Railway Conductors, and the Bricklayers' and Masons'
International Union.
Cooperative societies (9 pages).- A brief textual consideration of cooperation, with
accounts of various cooperative associations in Europe aud America, including ex-
tracts from a recent report of the New Brunswick (N. J.) Cooperative Association.
Technical education; manual training schools (38 pages).-A textual consideration of
technical education, containing the quoted opinions of a large number of prominent
educators, and statements of the courses of study and accounts of the results of dif-
ferent manual training schools.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—IOWA:
43
The city of Pullman, Illinois (18 pages).—A joint report by the chiefs and commissioners
of the various state bureaus of labor of an investigation of the economic experiment
conducted by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The sketch includes the history
of Pullman and its method of construction, tables showing its growth in population
and the religious belief of its inhabitants, and a brief discussion of their wages,
rents, living expenses, amusements, and health.
Convict labor (22 pages).—This chapter relates mainly to the employment of crimi-
nals in the penitentiary at Fort Madison, Iowa. Copies are given of the three con-
tracts for convict labor to which the state is a party. Tables, taken from a New
York report for 1885, show the number of convict laborers in the United States in
each class of penal institutions; and the chapter concludes with a table giving, by
states, the total number of convicts employed in the United States, with the systems
of labor used.
Strikes and arbitration (37 pages). This consists of textual considerations, first, of
strikes in general, with brief accounts of the most important strikes in Iowa; sec-
ond, of arbitration, with extracts from Henry Compton's Conciliation and arbitra-
tion; third, of the truck system or company stores; and fourth, of coal screening.
Under the last head the reports of a commission appointed by the governor to inves-
tigate the subject are given.
Immigration (5 pages).—This is a discussion of the subject relative to the increase of
the defective and dependent classes in the United States, together with statistical
tables showing the number of cabin and steerage passengers landed in New York
during 1884 by all the steamship lines, and also the number of patients in the Iowa
hospitals for the insane in 1885, with the number of foreign and of native born.
sons.
Farm labor, value, acreage, and rentals (7 pages).-Reports made by 491 prominent
farmers in the state relative to wages paid to farm laborers are here presented in
tabulated form. Tables show, by counties, the average wages of farm hands by sea-
Other tables taken from United States consular reports give the agricultural
wages in England and in various places in Germany; and the chapter concludes
with a table showing the value, rentals, and acreage of farms in Iowa, by counties.
Sites (10 pages).-Under this head are presented farmers' and county auditors' sug-
gestions regarding sites offering advantages for the profitable location of various
branches of industry.
Views of workingmen (25 pages).-This chapter contains remarks and suggestions by
individual workingmen relating to the general condition of employés in various in-
dustrial callings.
Views of operators regarding coal screens (7 pages).-Copies are here given of four let-
ters to the commissioner of labor from four prominent mine operators, contain-
ing their views regarding the coal screen question.
Suggestions of manufacturers, storekeepers, etc. (9 pages).-This is a compilation of the
suggestions made by individual employers regarding their various occupations.
Schoolteachers, wages, cost of living, opinions regarding uniform textbooks, etc. (21 pages).-
This chapter is composed of statistical tables based on information furnished by
teachers in the state, and of textual extracts from teachers' letters concerning ob-
stacles to their work, and relating to state uniformity of textbooks. The tables
give the age, nativity, hours of work, earnings, cost of living, etc., of each teacher
reporting, and are followed by a recapitulation.
Street railways (6 pages).-This is a statistical report showing for the principal
towns and cities in Iowa the average wages and hours of employment of street rail-
road employés, by occupations; also the amount of capital invested in the railways,
the number of miles of road owned, and the number of stockholders.
Railroads (9 pages).-Statistics for the two years covered by this report, relating to
all railroads entering into or passing through Iowa, are presented in tables, showing
for each road the number of miles of track in Iowa, the total number of employés,
and their wages and hours of labor, by occupations, and a statement of the number
of persons killed or injured.
鹭
​44
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
The mining industry (6 pages).—Under this head are given tables showing for the
principal coal mines of the state, their location, the number of employés, the rate of
wages paid, by occupations, the hours of labor, the duration of strikes which occurred,
and the fluctuation of wages. A table also gives, by counties, the approximate esti-
mate of the output of mines for each year, from 1881 to 1884.
Cost of living (9 pages).-Statistical tables are here given showing the average
prices of groceries, meats, clothing, rents, and fuel in Iowa; also a comparison of the
prices for meats and groceries in various places in Europe and America.
Tables of wages, cost of living, etc. (53 pages).-The returns made to the bureau by
employés throughout the state are here presented in tables, showing, by occupa
tions, the average wages, time lost, earnings, cost of living, etc. These tables are
followed by recapitulations for the counties of the state, and a comparative state-
ment of wages in Europe and in the United States.
Manufactures (7 pages).—This chapter consists of statistical tables based on returns
received from manufacturers, showing the number of employés in the leading manu-
facturing industries of the state, and their wages and hours of labor.
Miscellaneous (9 pages).—This chapter consists of textual and statistical matter re-
lating to the number of wageworkers among the criminal classes of the state; to the
improvement made in various parts of the state; to Iowa regiments during the war
of the rebellion; to agriculture; and offers some suggestions by the commissioner.
Addenda (28 pages).-A synoptical report of the convention of the chiefs of labor
bureaus, held in Boston in June, 1885, and a table showing the capital invested in
the manufacturing industries of the state and the value of goods made in 1881.
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT, 1886 AND 1887.-[420 Pages.]
Introductory (4 pages).
Wages, cost of living, homes, etc., of wage workers (191 pages).-The returns made by
employés in Iowa are here presented in tabulated form. The first tables given cover
130 pages, and show, for each county, by occupations, the number of returus, the
average wages, time lost, total earnings, average cost of living, the number of working-
men owning homes, the number assisted by wife or children, etc., and the average
prices paid for staple commodities. A table shows comparative wages in Iowa and
foreign countries. These are followed by 19 pages of text containing the remarks
and suggestions of individual employés relative to their conditions and needs.
Short tables show the average wages of farm laborers in cach county, by seasons,
and in Europe. The general condition of coal miners in the state is shown by a
statement of the statistics received from various counties and by textual extracts
from personal letters; and under the head of women wage-earners are given 4 pages
of text and a short table showing the wages, hours of labor, expenses of living, etc.,
of 50 working women in the state, by occupations.
Manufactures, etc. (35 pages).-This chapter embraces textual and statistical con-
siderations of varions industries of the state. Manufactures are first treated of; a
short table giving, by industries, the number of establishments, the value of the raw
material used, the average time in operation, the average weekly wages paid, and
the proportion of the employés owning homes. Then follow several pages of text
containing the views of manufacturers. Two tables show for the coal mines of Iowa
their location and names, the capital invested in each, their capacity, number of days
in operation, the number of employés and their wages, by occupations, etc. Other
tables give the names of railroads entering into or passing through Iowa, with the
number of miles of track in the state, the number of employés, and their wages and
hours of labor, by occupations; and the average wages and hours of labor of employés
of street railways, by occupations, for each of the principal cities of the state.
Convict labor (62 pages).This is a textual and statistical consideration of convict
labor in the United States. Statistical tables, with recapitulations, give, by states,
institutions, and occupations, the number of convicts in the United States, showing
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-IOWA.
45
sex, whether idle or at work, and the method of employment in use (by lease, con-
tract, piece price, or on public account); the prices paid for convicts under the
contract system in the different states, and the number of convicts at work in the
two penitentiaries of Iowa. The text contains the views of wardens and superin-
tendents of various penal institutions throughout the country; abstracts of recent
legislation by different states on the subject, and the testimony of manufacturers
collected by the Illinois labor bureau. Then follow extracts from the report of the
United States Department of Labor on convict labor, showing the number of con-
victs in the United States, by states and by institutions, classified according to the
severity of the penalties inflicted in each, and the average ages of convicts by the
same classes of institutions.
Taxation and assessments, city, town, and county finances (90 pages).-This chapter con-
sists of, first, statements showing for all the counties in the state, the aggregate
value of taxable property in each and the details of their methods of assessment
and taxation; second, statistical tables giving for each city and town reported, its
indebtedness, its total receipts and expenditures, and its rate of taxation for the
last fiscal year, and the same for each county for the year 1886; also the revenue to
each of a number of large cities in the United States from each kind of license
granted by it.
National conventions of chiefs and commissioners of bureaus of labor statistics, in 1886 and
1887 (13 pages).-Abstracts of the minutes of the fourth and fifth annual conventions
of the chiefs of bureaus of labor.
Conclusion (15 pages).—Under this head is given a general textual consideration of
temperance; strikes, with tables from a Bradstreet report giving the number of
strikes, by causes, for the first six months of 1887, and the number of lockouts, by
industries, for the same period, showing the number of employés idle, their loss of
wages, etc.; cooperation, with a list of cooperative societies in the United States
which are in a flourishing condition; and of various other subjects of interest to
laborers, together with a copy of the acts of Massachusetts and New Hampshire
providing for the weekly payment of wages by corporations.
THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT, 1888 AND 1889.-[413 PAGES.]
Introductory (3 pages).
Individual statistics (97 pages).—Statistical tables based on returns made to the
bureau by individual workingmen show, for each county separately, by occupa-
tions, the number reporting, their nativity, the average hours of labor, wages and
annual earnings, cost of living, the number assisted by their families, the number
owning homes, the number saving money, etc., with recapitulation by occupations.
A short table shows the comparative wages of building and other trades in the state
and Europe. Additional returns furnished by postmasters, assessors, and statisti-
cians of Knights of Labor assemblies are presented in tables showing, for each
prominent city of the state, by occupations, the number of workingmen, their general
condition and their average wages. Fourteen pages of textual extracts from the
communications received from workingmen follow, showing the writers' views on
various matters relative to the general condition and happiness of wage-earners.
Farms and farm labor (21 pages). The information given here was furnished by re-
liable farmers in each county. It is presented in tables, showing for each county
the number of farms reported, with the total number of acres and their value, the
average size of farmers' families, the number of employés and their average wages.
Several tables showing the agricultural wages in different European countries are
given for the sake of comparison, and the remainder of the chapter is made up of
extracts from the expressions of farmers relative to measures that would ameliorate
the condition of the farmer and workingman and to the chief causes that lead to a
farmer's failure.
Coal miners (49 pages).-The reports made to the bureau by coal miners are here
46
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
presented in a table showing, by counties, the wages, average earnings, cost of
living, and general financial condition of those reporting. Additional statistics give
for individual miners an itemized statement of the actual income and outlay of
each. Views of employés are also given, together with copies of contracts which
they are, in some instances, required to sign.
Women wage-earners (11 pages).-This is a textual and statistical account of the
condition of women employed in the state. A single table shows, by occupations,
so far as reported, the number in each, their hours of labor, earnings, time lost, etc.,
and the remainder of the chapter is made up of extracts from the reports received
from workingwomen.
Manufacturés, stores, etc. (4 pages).-This is a statement of the information received
from manufacturers, storekeepers, etc., regarding their establishments and em-
ployés.
The mining industry (10 pages).-The returns from the operators of coal mines are
presented in tabulated form, and show the name and location of each mine, the
average number of employés, the average weekly wages, by occupations, and the
weekly hours of labor. Textual extracts from the returns follow, cousisting for the
most part of accounts of strikes which occurred during the last five years.
Strikes and lockouts (4 pages).-This consists of two statistical tables taken from
the Third Annual Report of the United States Department of Labor, giving the num-
ber of strikes and lockouts in Iowa, by industries, for the period 1881 to 1886,
showing their aggregate and average duration, their results, the losses to employés
and to employers, and the number of employés and their wages before and after the
strike or lockout.
Railroads (27 pages).-Under this head are given statistical tables, based on returns
from railroad companies, giving, for the years ending June 30, 1888, and June 30,
1889, for each road, the number of miles of track in Iowa, the number of employés
and their average wages and hours of labor, by occupations; and the number of
persons killed or injured on each road. The tables are followed by extracts from
the answers of the principal companies to various questions concerning their treat-
ment of employés.
Taxation and assessments (69 pages). This is a very complete report, showing for
each county in Iowa, as far as possible, the aggregate assessed value of real estate
and personal property, the manner of assessing banks, building and loan associa-
tions, and merchandise, the percentage of unassessed property, and the inequality of
assessments.
Cities and towns (51 pages).-This chapter consists of statistical tables, showing
for each of the principal cities and towns of the state its total receipts and expendi-
tures, present indebtedness, and rate of taxation; also the property, personal, and
license taxes, by items.
Savings banks (4 pages).-Returns from thirty-seven of the fifty savings banks in
the state are presented, showing for each institution the date of its organization,
the number of its depositors, the total amount of deposits, the interest paid, the
increase of deposits over 1886, etc.
Seventh annual convention of commissioners (45 pages).—This is a copy of the minutes of
the convention of chiefs of labor bureaus held at Hartford, Connecticut, in June, 1889,
containing the address of the president, Carroll D. Wright, a list of labor bureaus,
with dates of their establishment and names of present commissioners, reports of
the different bureaus regarding the work being done by each, and a table specially
prepared for the convention giving for the United States and for various foreign
countries the average earnings of a skilled blacksmith, his hours of labor, earnings
for ten hours' work, and the purchasing power of his wages in four staple com-
modities.
Conclusion (5 pages).--This is a textural résumé of the condition of labor in the
state, and particularly of child labor, with some suggestions offered by the com-
missioner, based on the results of his investigations.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—IOWA.
47
FOURTH BIENNIAL REPORT, 1890 AND 1891.-[279 PAGES.]
Introductory (4 pages).-This is in the nature of a letter of transmittal, and offers
the suggestion that the bureau should be authorized to maintain a free employ-
ment agency in connection with its statistical work.
Statistics (2 pages). This comprises comments on statistics and the methods pur-
sued in their collection.
Agricultural depression (13 pages).—This treats of the condition of agriculture in
the state. It includes articles on the subject from various newspapers, and two
statistical tables, one showing the profit and loss to Iowa corn growers from 1880
to 1889 inclusive; the other, compiled from the Album of agricultural graphics, the
average yield per acre and average local market value per acre, by states, of wheat,
oats, corn, rye, barley, potatoes, and hay, from 1880 to 1890.
General farm statistics (39 pages). This topic presents a series of statistical tables
based upon the individual reports, arranged by counties, of 1,015 farmers, showing
the local market price of shelled corn per bushel to net eight per cent. profit on invest-
ment, the per cent. of farmers prevented by their debts from holding their products
for the best market prices, the per cent. of farmers losing farms by mortgage fore-
closure since 1880, the per cent. of farm labor displaced by labor-saving machinery
since 1870, the average wages paid farm labor and the average number of hours of
labor per day during the busy season, the per cent. of farmers' children between the
ages of 8 and 16 years kept from school to do farm labor, the average number of days
lost by them in consequence, and the number of farmers reporting either a profit or
a loss on the principal farm products.
Voice of the farmers (39 pages).—Under this heading are given the opinions of farm-
ers from all parts of the state on various subjects pertaining to the condition of
agriculture.
Cost of producing corn (75 pages). The information in this part of the report, based
on the individual reports of 1,179 farmers, is given chiefly in statistical tables com-
puted on a basis of 40 acres and a yield of 34 bushels per acre. The cost of pro-
duction for each individual is shown in detail, by counties, including the value of
fertilizers and the interest of the investment in the land.
Classified wages (31 pages).-Under this head are first given a few short tables,
compiled from advance bulletins of the eleventh census, containing statistics of
coal mining in the United States, by states, for the year 1889. The general tables
give separately for a number of different occupations, the number and per cent.
of the total number of employés, classified according to groups of daily earnings,
and showing their hours of labor, time lost during the year, frequency of payment
of wages, and average yearly earnings, with a recapitulation.
Statistics of railroad employés (5 pages).-Statistical tables, taken from the report of
railroad commissioners, show the number of passengers, employés, and other per-
sous killed or injured in railroad accidents during the year ending June 30, 1890;
and the average daily rates of pay and average annual earnings of employés, by occu-
pations, of each one of thirty-two roads in the state.
Immigration (3 pages).-Tables, compiled from government reports, give the num-
ber, nationality, and occupations of immigrants landed in the United States each
year from the fiscal year ending June 30, 1881, to June 30, 1890.
Contract convict labor (2 pages). This gives a brief account of the system as prac-
ticed in the state, including a copy of the laws relating to the leasing of convicts
confined in the Fort Madison penitentiary.
Manual training (4 pages).-This is a brief textual consideration of the subject, and
includes a complete and comprehensive description of the system used and results
attained in the West Side Des Moines high school, contributed by Prof. Miller.
Private employment offices (24 pages).-A textual consideration of the abuses of pri-
vate employment offices, and a copy of the law relating to free public employment
i
48
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
offices now in force in Ohio, .with comments on its results, by John McBride, com-
missioner of labor statistics of that state, are here presented.
Labor laws of Iowa (28 pages).-This is a compilation of the laws of the state relat-
ing to apprentices; providing for arbitration of labor disputes; creating the burean
of labor statistics; providing for the safety of employés in mines; limiting the age
of children employed in mines; providing for weighing of coal at mines; prohibit-
ing blacklisting and screening coal at mines before weighing; providing for pay-
ment of wages in legal tender; protecting laborers and miners for labor performed
in opening and developing mines; providing for exemption from execution and at-
tachinent; exempting pension money from execution and attachment; providing
for legal holidays; making labor day a legal holiday; relating to mechanics' liens,
and to contractors' liens; prohibiting the formation of trusts and combinations; and
providing for the suppression of tramps.
Conclusion (8 pages).—This gives the number of miles of electric street railways in
the principal cities of the state; the condition of the corn crop of 1890; the cost of
living of laboring men with families to support; national, state and county indebt-
edness; and a list of bureaus of labor statistics in the United States.
KANSAS.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1885.-[276 PAGES.]
Introductory (11 pages).—A sketch of the organization of the bureau of labor and
the methods employed in conducting its investigation, with copies of circulars and
blanks used in collecting data. The law creating the bureau precedes this.
History of labor bureaus (59 pages).-This subject embraces a textual history of the
establishment of labor bureaus in the different states; abstracts of the proceedings
of the first, second, and third conventions of chiefs of bureans of labor, including
the history of the organization of each bureau as reported by its chief, a report of
the visit of the chiefs to Pullman, Illinois, the address of Carroll D. Wright on
the work of the national Bureau of Labor at Washington, and a paper by Prof. At-
water on Chemistry and economy of foods. This last paper contains tables giving
the weight of compounds in the human body, the percentage of indigestible matter
in different foods, and thirty-two tables of daily rations, at a fixed cost, suitable for
a laboring man at moderate work.
Statistics, industrial conciliation and arbitration (17 pages).—A textual account of the
character of industrial statistics, the advantages of conciliation and arbitration,
and a brief historical sketch of arbitration in France and England.
Labor organizations (13 pages). This consists of a textual sketch of the principal
labor organizations in the United States, viz: the Knights of Labor, Amalgamated
Association of Iron and Steel Workers, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers,
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Order of Railway Conductors, International
Typographical Union, Patrons of Husbandry, Cigarmakers' International Union of
America, and International Workmen's Association. The platform of the Knights
of Labor, adopted September 10, 1884, and extracts from the constitutions of other
organizations are given.
Views of workingmen (23 pages).—Remarks of individual workingmen regarding the
general condition of employés, and suggestions looking to its improvement.
Convict labor (8 pages).—A textual consideration of convict labor, including a copy
of the agreement under which the contract portion of the prisoners of the state
is employed, with textual comments upon the subject and a table giving the number
of convicts in the state prison, how employed, the cost per convict, etc.
The mining industry (11 pages).—Statistical tables are here presented, based on returns
from operators and miners, with numerous extracts from these reports and a brief
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-KANSAS.
49€
A
sketch of the lead and zinc mining industry in the state. The first table, compiled
from thirty-three miners' returns, shows, for each individual, the average daily out-
put of coal and the price received per bushel, the number of days the mine was in opera-
tion, the dimensions of screens, the miners' gross earnings, and family and other
expenses for the year, etc. The second table, compiled from twenty operators' returns,
shows the number of days the mine was in operation, the number of employés and
their weekly wages, by occupations, and their hours of labor per week based on full
time.
Wage tables, and a review of the growth of manufacturing industries in the state (52 pages).–
This topic embraces a series of statistical tables compiled from the reports of the state
board of agriculture, giving the number of the principal manufacturing establish-
ments in the state for 1874 and 1875, with the amount of capital invested; the average
retail prices of groceries and provisions for the years 1875, 1880, 1882, and 1884; wages
in 1875, 1880, 1882, and 1884, by counties and occupations; wages for 1875, by counties;
the number of manufactories, their capital and power used, for 1878 and 1881, ar-
ranged by counties in alphabetical order, and for 1878 and 1882 according to the rel-
ative standing of the counties in amount of capital invested, with summaries for the
state, by industries; average wages in 1875, 1880, 1882, and 1884 for all trades re-
ported, and a table comparing the average wages for the state in nine of the lead-
ing trades for 1875, 1880, and 1884, with the average wages paid the same trades in
Massachusetts in 1883.
Flouring mills (9 pages).-Statistical tables, based on returns from a number of
millers in the state, giving the locality of each mill, the amount of capital invested,
the motive power, daily capacity, the number of bushels of grain ground during the
year and the value of the product, the number of days in operation during the year,
and the number of employés and their wages, by occupations.
Wage tables, days lost, cost of living, etc. (29 pages).-Statistical tables, compiled
from returns by wage workers, give, by individuals, their occupations, their nativity,
hours of labor, wages, number of days lost, earnings of members of the family, the
amount paid for rent, the number in family, their financial condition, whether in-
sured or not, diseases peculiar to different occupations, etc., with a recapitulation,
by occupations. The relative character and earnings of trades unionists are given.
Tables also give the average daily wages, annual earnings, hours of labor, etc., in
eight trades in Iowa and Kansas, and a list of retail prices of groceries and provisions
in Topeka.
Growth of manufacturing industries in Kansas (15 pages).—This is a textual and statistical
account of the growth of manufactures in the state. Tables give, by counties, a list
of manufactories in the state, as far as reported, for the year ending June 30, 1885,
the amount of capital invested, the value of the product, cost of material, amount
paid forlabor, the number of employés (men, women, and children), and their average
wages, hours of labor, etc; recapitulations are given, by counties and by industries.
"Exodusters" (10 pages).-This heading embraces a textual account of the condition
of the negroes who immigrated into Kansas in 1879. An accompanying table gives
the occupations, earnings, cost of living, etc., of seventeen families of “exodusters"
in 1885.
Employed and idle labor in Topexa, December 12, 1885 (3 pages).-A textual account of
the unemployed in Topeka, December 12, 1885; and a table showing, by occupations,
the number of wageworkers who are idle, partly employed, and fully employed,
and their nativities.
Railroads (6 pages).-Returns from nine out of the twenty-eight railroads operating
in the state, give, by roads and occupations, the average wages paid employés, and
their hours of labor, the number of miles of each road in the state, and a list of
accidents, etc.
Conclusion (2 pages).-A textual consideration of the proper field of activity for a
labor burean.
13400—4
50
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1886.-[497 PAGES].
Introductory (6 pages).—A letter of transmittal and a discussion of the policy pur-
sued by this and other labor bureaus.
Review of the first annual report of the national Commissioner of Labor (11 pages).-A text-
ual review of the report on industrial depressions.
Strikes, boycotts, and blacklists (81 pages).—A short textual account is here given of
the strike of the employés of the Kansas City Smelting and Refining Company located
at Argentine, Wyandotte county, in 1886; and also a detailed account, 51 pages in
length, of the southwestern strikes in 1885 and 1886, extending over the entire Gould
southwestern system, including copies of the correspondence between the parties con-
cerned, and a comparative statement of daily wages paid by the different railroad
companies operating in the same territory in 1885. Under Boycott, is given a general
textual consideration of the subject, and detailed accounts of the boycotts of the
papers Commonwealth, at Topeka in 1885, and Journal, at Kansas City, Missouri, in
1885. Four pages are devoted to a general consideration of blacklisting.
Chattel mortgages (10 pages).-Under this heading is presented a textual consider-
ation of the high rate of interest paid for money loaned on and secured by chattel
mortgages. Two part-page tables show the particulars of fifty-two chattel mort-
gages, showing the occupation of the mortgager, the security given, the purpose of
the loan, the rate of interest, etc.
Mines and miners (110 pages).-A textual and statistical account of the coal, lead, and
zinc mining industry of the state, and of the condition of the miners. Tables show
the coal product of the state in 1885, by counties; returns from 49 establishments
giving their location, capital invested, number of employes, the number of
days their mine was in operation, and the wages and hours of labor of their em-
ployés, by occupations; the selling price of coal at Osage City, Kansas, each year,
from 1871 to 1886, by months, and the wages paid miners for mining during the
same period; the earnings and mine expenses of eight miners each month for the year
ending June, 1886; the earnings and expenses, by items, of miners for the year
ending June 30, 1886; and the number of days lost by each, the number owning
homes, etc. Other tables, compiled from monthly reports of miners for June, July,
August, September, and October, 1886, show their occupations, hours of labor,
wages, number of days worked during the month, the number of persons in family
and expenses in detail, with an analysis of each table; by months, from July, 1885,
to July, 1886, a summary of the number of days worked by convict coal miners,
the amount and value of the coal mined by each convict, the expenses of maintain-
ing the convicts, and their surplus carnings. Remarks of miners are given in 12
pages of text, following which is the law of Missouri for weighing of coal. A
textual and statistical sketch of the social and financial condition of the miners.
and their families is given, dwelling particularly on the system of paying wages
in script, with a copy of the law of Ohio relating to the subject. A short table
gives the earnings of an expert miner, by months, each year, from 1882 to 1886. Tho
ages, nativity, earnings, cost of living, etc., of a number of lead and zinc miners
are given; also, by counties, returns from five lead and zine mines and four crushing
establishments, showing the amount of capital of each, the cost of material con-
sumed, the length of running time, the number of employés, etc.; and, by coun-
ties, returns from five lead and zinc smelting works, showing the amount of
capital of each, the value of product, etc., and the average wagos of skilled men,
ordinary men, and youths, etc.; and the earnings and expenses, ages, time lost,
etc., of twelve zinc smelters, by occupations.
Wageworkers, their earnings and expenses (155 pages).-Statistical tables, based on
monthly and annual reports from wageworkers, give, by industries and location,
the occupation of the head of the family, the number of persons in the family,
and the number employed; hours of labor; the number of children at school;
wages per day, and the monthly and yearly earnings and expenditures, respectively,
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-KANSAS.
51
etc., with an analysis accompanying each table, and a summary showing, by occupa-
tions, the principal facts of the foregoing detail tables reduced to averages. A tabu-
lar statement shows the comparative cost of subsistence in Kansas in 1886, in Illi-
nois in 1884, in Ohio in 1885, and in Massachusetts in 1883. Short tables also give
and
the daily wages in various occupations for the years 1875, 1880, 1882, 1884, 1885,
1886. Wages in Ohio for 1885, and in Kansas for 1886, are compared by trades.
Remarks of wage-earners are given in 18 pages of text.
Flouring mills (14 pages).-Statistical tables, with textual analyses, present a list
of the flouring mills in the state, their location, their value, the amount of capital
invested, the number of bushels of grain ground, the value of the product, the
number of employés, the wages of employés, by occupations, etc., and a recapitula-
tion, showing the amount of capital invested in mills, by counties.
Manufacturing industries (32 pages).—This is a statistical consideration of the man-
ufactures in the state. A general table gives returns from 425 establishments,
showing, for each, its location, the character of the industry, the number of months
in operation, the amount of its capital, the amount and value of its product, the items
of cost of manufacture, the number of employés (men, women, and youths) and
their wages, etc. The amount of capital invested, the cost of the raw material, the
amount paid for labor, and the value of the product are given, by classified and by
detailed industries and also by counties. A table also shows, by counties, the
amount of capital invested in manufactures, including flouring mills, and the aver-
age number of employés.
Railroads (17 pages).-This subject embraces statistical tables concerning twenty-one
railroads and seven street railways operating in the state. Separate tables are first
given for each road, showing the number of employés and their wages and hours of
labor, by occupations, the number of miles of road in the state, and the number of
accidents. The tables relating to railroads are combined so as to show wages, by
occupations, and the number in each occupation.
Profit-sharing (10 pages).-A textual account of profit-sharing, and the result of its
trial at several establishments.
Conclusion and recommendations (7 pages).—A general consideration of the field cov-
ered by the report.
Appendix: Labor laws (31 pages).-Here is given a compilation of the laws of
the state relating to corporations; to the employment of apprentices; to build-
ing and loan associations; prohibiting the sale of unwholesome provisions, and
of adulterated drugs and medicines; providing for exemption from execution and
attachment; relating to the attachment of wages; regulating the rate of interest;
relating to landlords and tenants; to chattel mortgages; regulating the earnings
of convicts; relating to convict labor; to mechanics' liens; to the liability of
railroads for injuries to their employés; prohibiting the obstruction of railroads;
providing for repairing public highways; for public libraries; for the compulsory
education of children; prohibiting the employment of children in mines; provid-
ing for the health and safety of employés in coal mines; and for the establishment
of boards of arbitration.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[339 PAGES.]
Introductory (6 pages).-A letter of transmittal and a discussion of the policy pur-
sued by the bureau since its organization.
Fifth annual convention of chiefs and commissioners of labor bureaus, June, 1887 (22
pages). A textual abstract of the proceedings and of the papers read at this meeting.
Pauperism (40 pages).—This subject embraces a textual consideration of the general
problem of pauperism, and the results of a special investigation and of personal
visits by the commissioner to the poorhouses in the counties of Shawnee, Leaven-
worth, Wyandotte, Atchison, and Sedgwick. In the text are given, for each county,
the reasons for cach person being in the poorhouse, his or her age, color, and whether
52
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
native or foreign born. Two tables give the nativity, age, sex, color, length of time
an inmate, and the cause of indigency of each person who was cared for at the Shaw-
nee county poor farm for the year'ending March 31, 1887; and the number, nativity,
race, etc., of those who received outdoor aid from the same county during the year
1886. Other tables give the total sum, by items, expended during the year for the
maintenance of paupers in eighty-two of the ninety-five counties; a list of counties
maintaining poorhouses and poorfarms, the cost of maintaining the same, the average
number of inmates, and cost per capita of population, also the amount paid for out-
side relief, the number of families relieved and the average sum allowed each family.
Several other short tables give, by counties, the cost of maintaining their poor farmıs
and the amount expended for the maintenance of paupers without stating the num-
ber of persons relieved.
State charities and organized charitable associations (6 pages).—A textual treatment of
the numerical increase of the defective, dependent, and delinquent classes. The
number of the inmates in the charitable institutions in the state is given, by insti-
tutions, for the two dates June 30, 1886, and November 1, 1887, showing the increase
and percentage of increase.
Wageworkers, their earnings and expenses (117 pages).—Statistical tables, based on
annual reports and monthly reports for part of the year, from wageworkers, give,
for each locality and for each month, the number of returns received, and the total,
average, and percentage earnings and time employed of fathers, mothers, sons, and
daughters, and the total, average, and percentage expenditures per family, by items,
with a summary and textual analysis of the tables for each locality. These tables
and analyses embrace 54 pages. Summaries give, by occupations, the number of
returns, the average size of family, the average number of days worked, the aver-
age earnings and expenses per month, the daily and per capita income and ex-
penses, the average daily wages for time actually worked, the number of families
renting houses, the average monthly rent paid, and the average number of rooms to
a family; by classes, fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters, the number of each
class, the total and average number of days employed, and the total and average
earnings; and, by items of expenditure, the average monthly expenditure per family
and per individual and percentage of total expenditure. The annual reports are
tabulated separately and give the occupation, age, residence, hours of labor, wages,
number of days lost, the cost of living, etc., of each of 444 individual wage-earners.
A special table is given for miners. A summary, by occupations, presents the same
facts that are shown in the summary by occupations for the monthly reports. Other
shorter tables give the expenses of each of ninety families, in detail; the amount
of coal dug each month of the year ending June 30, 1887, by two miners; the average
wages in different occupations for the years 1875, 1880, 1882, 1881, 1885, 1886, and
1887; the average number of days worked, and the average yearly earnings in dif-
ferent occupations for the years 1885, 1886, and 1887; the average wages and number
of days worked, by occupations, in Iowa in 1887, in. Kansas in 1877, and in Ontario,
Canada, in 1886; the earnings and expenses of a skilled workman in Topeka, for the
first six months of 1887 compared with the same period of 1886. Opinions of work-
ingmen on various subjects are given in 20 pages.
Flouring mills (18 pages).-Statistical tables, based upon returns from 307 flouring
mills located in seventy-five different counties, with textual analyses of the tables,
give their location, their value, the amount of their capital, the number of bushels
of grain ground, the value of their product, the number of employés and their aver-
age wages, by occupations, etc. Recapitulations give, by counties, the capital in-
vested in mills and the number of bushels of grain ground.
Manufacturing industries (49 pages).-A statistical consideration of the manufactur-
ing industries in the state. A general table gives returns from 513 establishments,
arranged by counties, showing the character of each industry, the number of months
in operation, the capital employed, the value of its product, the items of cost of
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-KANSAS.
53
manufacture, the number of employés (men, women, and youths) and their wages,
etc.; the amount of capital, the cost of material, the amount paid for wages and
the value of the product by classified and by detailed industries, and by counties.
The number of establishments and the amount of their capital is compared, by
industries, for the years 1882, 1886, and 1887. Additional tables give, by years, from
1871 to 1887, the number of live stock of each kind received at the stock yards in
Wyandotte county, and the numbers which went for packers' and city use. Re-
marks of employers are given in 8 pages of the text.
Coal operators (7 pages).-Under this head are presented statistical tables based
on reports from thirty-eight mines, showing for each its location, the amount of
capital invested, the price paid for mining, the wages of employés by occupations,
etc., with a recapitulation by counties; also the number of miners, and the number
of bushels of coal mined each month for nine months in a small mine in Osage
county.
Railroads (30 pages).-Statistical tables concerning railroads in the state. Sepa-
rate tables are first given for each road, showing, by occupations, the number of
employés with their wages and hours of labor, the number of miles of road, and the
number of accidents during the year. These tables are combined so as to show the
average wages of each class of railroad employés in the state. A comparative
statement is also given showing the average wages paid railroad employés in the
state for the years 1885, 1886, and 1887. Tables for individual street railways pre-
sent the same facts as those for railroads. A table also gives the total number of
street railway employés in each occupation, and their average daily wages and
hours of labor for 1886 and 1887.
Strikes (13 pages).—A textual account is given of several local strikes, and tables
give a list of strikes occurring in the state during the year, their duration and
result, etc. A table from the Third Annual Report of the United States Department
of Labor gives a list of strikes by years, from 1883 to 1886, their locality, duration,
the losses to employers and employés, the number of strikers, etc.
Labor and education (9 pages).-An article by Prof. Porter Sherman on Labor and
education.
Conclusion (10 pages). This includes a textual consideration of the past year's labor
legislation in the state. A bill providing for the encouragement of cooperative so-
cieties and a bill relating to the payment of wages in scrip passed and became laws.
Bills providing for the weekly payment of wages failed to pass. A short table
arranged by groups of industries—manufacturing, mining, and transportation-for
the years 1886 and 1887, and a statistical table of the industries of Fort Scott
follow.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.-[305 PAGES.]
Introduction (35 pages).-A textual consideration of the condition of labor, treating
particularly of weekly payment of wages; the coal screen law; the enactment of a
law providing for the issuing of a license to stationary engineers, with a table show-
ing the number of steam boiler explosions in 1887; and child labor and education.
A review of the effects of organized labor upon state legislation is appended.
Industrial education (31 pages).-A textual consideration of the need for industrial
education, in which are quoted the views of a large number of gentlemen connected
with or interested in industrial schools. A sketch of industrial education in Kansas
is included.
Flouring mills (25 pages).-A textual and statistical account of the milling industry
of the state. Tables give the location, motive power, value, capital, capacity, num-
ber of bushels and value of grain ground, and the number of employés of every mill
in the state, from June 30, 1887, to June 30, 1888. A recapitulation, by counties, is
added, and the same facts are presented separately for sixteen of the largest mills of
the state, and for mills which ground over 40,000 bushels of grain. Other tables
54
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
..
give the number of mills, each year, from 1885 to 1888, and systems of operation.
The wages for a number of employés are given in textual form.
Manufacturing industries (44 pages).-A statistical consideration of manufactures in
the state. A general table gives returns from 595 establishments, showing the loca-
tion of each, the character of its industry, number of months in operation, amount of
capital, value of product, cost of manufacture, by classes of items, and the number
of employés (men, women, and children) and their wages. The amount of capital,
the cost of material, the value of the product, and the amount paid for labor are given,
by classified and by detailed industries and also by counties. The number of estab-
lishments and the amount of their capital are compared, by industries, for the years
1886, 1887, and 1888. The tables are followed by textual remarks of employers on
subjects connected with their particular business.
Coal operators (11 pages).—A textual and statistical account of the coal mining in-
dustry of the state. Tables give the amount of coal mined in 1887, by counties; re-
turns from the principal mines, showing, by establishments, their location, the num-
ber of their employés, the wages paid to employés, by occupations, the number of
days in operation, etc., with recapitulations, by counties, presenting the same facts
reduced to averages, and a statement showing the number of bushels of coal mined,
by months, by two miners, and their earnings therefor.
Building and loan associations (18 pages).-This consists mainly of a textual considera-
tion of building and loan associations in the state, and of the methods employed in
conducting the business of these institutions. A list of such associations in the state
is given, by name and locality. Tables also give for each the date of its organization,
the number of shareholders, the value of shares, the amount of profits, assets, and
expenses, etc. Under the head of remarks are given annual statements of a number
of building and loan associations, showing their receipts and disbursements during
the year and the workings of payments and loans on shares.
Wageworkers (97 pages).-Statistical tables and textual analyses, based mainly
on reports of wage workers, present for each locality and each industry the mum-
ber reporting, the aggregate and average wages of individual members of the
family, the number of children at school, and the aggregate and average monthly
expenses of families in detail.
Railroads (32 pages).-This part of the report contains statistical tables concerning
railroads and street railways in the state. Separate tables are first given for each
road, showing, by occupations, the number of employés, with their average wages
and hours of labor, the number of miles operated by each road in the state, and the
number of accidents during the year. These tables are combined so as to show the
number of employés and their average wages by systems of roads. Average wages,
by occupations, are given for the years 1885, 1886, 1887, and 1888.
Conclusion (3 pages). This embraces a general textual review of the results of the
investigation, including a short table giving the average number of employés and
the total amount paid in wages in the three groups of industries, manufactures,
mining, and transportation for the years 1886, 1887, and 1888.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[407 PAGES.]
Industrial statistics, manufacturing industries, flouring mills, newspapers, coal mining (187
pages). This subject embraces a textual and statistical consideration of each class of
industries separately, based on returns received from manufacturers and others
throughout the state. The text includes statements and remarks of manufacturers,
publishers, and mine operators not included in the tables. The tables give, by indi-
vidual establishments, the kind of business carried on, the amount of capital invested,
the time in operation, the number of employés and their hours of labor, the value of
the product, the amount paid for labor, etc. The tables for the different industries,
while not entirely similar to each other, cover in general the ground indicated. The
tables for newspapers give a list of publications arranged according to the fre-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-KANSAS.
55
quency of their issue, date of first issue, etc. The tables for mining, in addition to
the foregoing facts, show the number of bushels of coal dug, and gross earnings of
each of 109 miners each month, from October, 1888, to September, 1889. The conclusion
gives tables summarizing the foregoing facts, arranged by counties and also by
classified industries, and a statement giving the number of establishments, with the
amount of capital invested, by industries, for the years 1886, 1887, 1888, and 1889.
Labor statistics: Wage tables (84 pages).-This embraces statistical tables and textual
summaries, based on reports from workingmen in various localities and occupations,
obtained by personal solicitation. Separate tables for each locality, occupation,
and month give the number reporting, the aggregate and average number in fami-
lies, the aggregate and average earnings of each member, the number of days em-
ployed, etc., and total and average monthly family expenses, by items, showing the
percentage of each item of expenditure of the whole. Summaries, by occupations,
for the full period of twelve months and for each locality, show the average number
of persons per family, the average daily wages, average earnings of fathers, yearly
income and expenses per family, the number of days worked in twelve months, and
the percentage of families receiving an income below the average and expending
less than the average.
Labor statistics: Workingwomen (46 pages).-This is a statistical and textual con-
sideration of the employment of women in the state, based on information
obtained through personal interviews with working-girls. The tables numbered
I to XII cover returus from 147 girls, representing thirty-three occupations, in
the cities of Atchison, Kansas City, Topeka, and Wichita. The text embraces
comments on the tables, and extracts from remarks of the agents of the bureau, of
employers, and of the girls. A preliminary table shows the number of working-
women in six of the largest cities in the state, by occupations. Table I, based on
147 returns, shows, by cities and individuals, their occupation, nativity, nativity
of parents, conjugal condition, whether parents are living, and the number of years
at school. Table II shows where working-girls live, by occupations. Table III gives
their hours of labor, the number of weeks worked, the number idle and the cause.
Table IV shows their present age, age at beginning work, the number of towns
worked in, the number of occupations engaged in, the length of time they worked,
and the average wages they received as apprentices. Table V shows the condition
of their health, by industries. Table VI shows the sanitary condition of the workroom.
Table VII states the time allowed for dinner. Table VIII shows the number who de-
vote time to housework and sewing, besides regular occupations. Table IX shows
average weekly wages and average weekly expenses, etc. Table X gives income and
expenses from all sources. Table XI is a summary of yearly income and expenses,
with average, by industries. Table XII presents the facts of the preceding table
reduced to percentages.
Labor statistics: Labor organizations (8 pages).-This subject embraces returns received
from forty-five labor organizations in different parts of the state, with textual ex-
tracts from their remarks, and two tables, showing the name and location of the or-
ganization, the amount of work this year as compared with last year, the hours of labor,
average daily wages and cost of living for the last two years compared, and the
number of days lost per member through inability to obtain work; the per cent. of
union men employed full time; the per cent. of union men to whole number in the
same trade, and the increase or decrease in the number of transients seeking employ-
ment.
Labor statistics: Railroads (48 pages).-Statistical tables, based on reports from rail-
roads and street railways, give, separately for each road of the state, the number of
employés and their hours of labor, wages, and earnings by occupations; the average
number of miles run by different employés; the number of accidents occurring; the
number of miles of road in operation in the state, etc.
Labor statistics: Street railways (9 pages).-Statistical tables, based on reports from
56
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
1
43.
nineteen street railways in the state, give, separately for each road, the number of
employés, their hours of labor, wages, and earnings, by occupations; mention of
the accidents and of strikes occurring during the year is also made.
Conclusion (6 pages).--This is a general textual consideration of the result of the
investigation, and of the condition of labor in the state during the year, with two
short tables, giving a comparison of wages in Des Moines, Iowa, and Topeka, Kan-
sas, and the number and aggregate wages of employés in the three groups of indus-
tries-manufacturing, mining, and transportation-for the years 1886, 1887, 1888,
and 1889. A compilation of the laws providing for the health and safety of em-
ployés in coal mines; relating to mechanics' liens; providing for the payment of in-
terest on wages, and relating to the attachment of wages is added.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[234 PAGES.]
Introduction (3 pages).-A letter of transmittal and an outline of the work done by
the bureau during the year.
Child labor (59 pages).-This topic is devoted to an investigation of the extent to
which children are employed in the state, and to the conditions under which they
labor. It includes an extract of a paper on child labor in England, by William
F. Willoughby; opinions and suggestions of county and city superintendents re-
garding the enforcement and adequacy of the law requiring school attendance, with
a copy of the law; and the statements of employers engaged in industries in which
children were employed, showing, in tabular form, the number, sex, and occupations
of children over 12 and under 15 years of age, the highest, lowest, and average
weekly wages paid, the hours of labor, the age at beginning work, the effect of
employment on their health, the number of years they have attended day or night
school, the number who can read and write, nativity of parents, etc.
Organized labor (136 pages).-This is a textual and statistical account of the condi-
tion of organized labor in the state. The text includes a copy of an agreement en-
tered into by the management of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Railroad and
the men engaged in its train service; an account of strikes and lockouts in which
local unious were engaged since January 1, 1885; remarks by different associations
as to the influence convict labor had upon their trade, what the effect of foreign im-
migration had been, and what legislation would be of advantage to them; and anal-
yses of the general tables.
The tables, compiled from returns received from 35 trades unions, from 25 Knights
of Labor assemblies, from 43 railway organizations, and from 9 divisions of the Order
of Railway Conductors, show separately for each organization, its name, location,
date of organization, the number of charter members, the present membership, the
number owning and renting houses, the daily wages and yearly earnings, the fre-
quency of payment of wages, the increase or decrease of wages during five years, the
hours of labor, the average number of weeks employed during the year, the annual
cost of maintaining organization, the amount of benefits paid out on account of acci-
dents, sickness, and death, and the number of apprentices permitted to each of the
several trades and the years of service required. Summaries show, by occupations,
the number foreign born, the number belonging to secret societies, the number car-
rying life insurance and the average amount carried, the number of years they have
followed their trade, the number of time and piece workers, the intervals at which
their wages are paid, the number married, the number of children, the number of
children at school and at work, the number owning homes and the number of rooms
to each family, the number of homes paid for, the number reporting homes mort-
gaged and the amount of mortgages, the number renting houses and the number of
rooms to each family, the average amount of rent paid per mouth, the number report-
ing savings and the amount thereof, etc.
Appendix (20 pages).-Under this heading are given the proceedings of the second
annual convention of the Kansas State Federation of Labor, held at Topeka, Febru-
ary 16 and 17, 1891, and a copy of its constitution and rules of order.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-KANSAS.
57
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.-[227 PAGES.]
Introduction (4 pages). The introductory part discusses briefly the eight-hour law,
the sanitary conditions of factories and workshops, and the safety of the employés
therein, and child labor, and reviews the work done by the bureau during the year.
The eight-hour law (27 pages).-This part of the report treats of the eight-hour
law, gives a copy of the act, a decision of the state supreme court on same, and
tabulated reports from state institutions, from police commissioners, from city and
county clerks, and from trades unionists, showing the workings of the law and to
what extent it has been complied with. The subject closes with reports from labor
commissioners of various states, showing the progress made toward a shorter work
day.
Operative railroad labor (81 pages).-This is an investigation of the condition of
operative railroad labor in the state, and is chiefly based upon data furnished
by the employés of five railroad systems, representing 81 individual engineers and
31 conductors, and presented in tabular form. Table I shows the total number
of trips made and the total number of days employed. Table II shows the num-
ber of hours and average pay per trip. Table III shows the number of trips
run for wages specified, and the average number of hours run for specified wages.
Table IV shows the number of miles to trip and average pay for same. These are fol-
lowed by extracts from the correspondence had with the engineers and conductors
explaining more fully the condition of this class of workingmen. Two other tables
are given, of which the first is devoted to returns received from engineers, and the
second to returns received from conductors. These tables are each divided into five
groups, to correspond with the five railroad systems on which the parties reporting
were employed. They give the details of trips run, such as the date of run, kind
of train, hours on duty, miles run, overtime, and pay per trip, etc.
Comparison of rate of daily wages and time lost for a series of years (85 pages).—The in-
formation under this head is given chiefly in tabular form, and is based upon data
taken from individual budgets of wage-earners collected in the different years under
which they appear.
The first table presented gives, by trades, the number report-
ing daily wages in each year, from 1885 to 1890. The next table gives the average
daily wages for each trade reporting, each year, from 1885 to 1890. Other tables show
the number of employés reporting days lost, by trades, each year, from 1885 to 1889;
comparative prices of food in the cities of Topeka and Kansas City, Kansas, each
year, from 1885 to 1890; individual daily wages, by trades, each year, from 1885 to
1890; classification of daily wages and of days lost, by trades; the average number
of days worked, average daily and yearly earnings, the yearly cost of living, and
the average monthly rent per room, for 1888 and 1889, in the cities of Atchison,
Kansas City, Leavenworth, and Topeka, for each trade reporting; and the average
daily wages of union and of non-union workingmen, by trades, for 1890.
Lead and zinc mining, crushing, and smelting (9 pages).-Statistical tables are here pre-
sented, based on returns from operators and miners, with a brief sketch of the in-
dustry. The tables, eight in number, show the number of acres of land controlled
and developed and the product therefrom for 1891; the number of men employed,
amount paid for wages, average daily wages, and average number of hours worked
per day in 1891; the amount expended in unproductive mining, expense to com-
pany and contractors, and average selling price of ore in 1891; the capital invested
and used in operating crushers and concentrators; months in operation in 1891;
cleaning capacity of shift, etc.; the amount of raw material crushed and con-
centrated, ore sold, and total value of all products in 1891; the average number of
crushers and concentrators, their average daily wages, total wages paid, and average
selling price of material in 1891; for smelters, the size of plants, total capital in-
vested, tons of ore used and its value, number of employés and wages paid, total ex-
penses, and the output of spelter and its value in 1891; and the occupations of
تم
58
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
employés and average number employed, average number of hours worked and aver-
age wages paid in each smelter reporting:
A statement of the output of the Galena mines each year, from 1886 to 1890, and in
detai for 1891, and the work done by the concentrating mills, by C. T. Dana, editor
of the Galena Times, is also given.
MAINE.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[243 PAGES.]
Letter of transmittal (4 pages).—This gives a general consideration of the powers and
duties of the bureau.
Labor bureaus (8 pages).—This comprises a list of labor bureaus in the United States,
July 1, 1887; a history of the organization of the bureaus in the states of Massa-
chusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New Jersey; and a copy of the act creating the
Maine bureau.
Proceedings of fifth annual convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor, June, 1887 (42 pages).—
Under this heading is given a textual report of the proceedings at the fifth annual
session of the national convention of chiefs and commissioners of bureaus of labor,
held at Madison, Wisonsin, June 8, 1887. It embraces the following papers: Address
of the president, Carroll D. Wright; Equitable division of profits, by N. O. Nelson,
of Saint Louis; Emigration and labor, by Fred Shurr, of Milwaukee; True nature of
profit, by Prof. Folwell, of the University of Minnesota; Statistics as a basis of
legislation, by C. C. Bonney, of Chicago; Dictation of wages, by C. S. Byrkit, of
Des Moines; and What wage-earners are promoted, by Jules Bleyer.
Wages, cost of living, etc., of wageworkers (67 pages).This subject embraces statis-
tical tables, compiled from returns from wageworkers, giving, first, a tabulation of
the returns, showing, by individuals, their occupations, nativities, ages, residences,
hours of labor, wages, number of days lost, by causes, the earnings of the family,
whether owning a home or not, and answers to a large number of questions bearing
on their social condition, with a recapitulation, by occupations; the rate of wages,
by industries and occupations, derived from special returns obtained from twenty
towns in different sections of the state; the comparative wages paid in the general
trades in European countries and in Maine; the average weekly wages paid agri-
cultural laborers abroad, taken from consular reports; the number and wages of
railroad employés in the state, by occupations and name of road; number of railroad
accidents, etc; the cost of food, by items, for an American, an English, a German,
and a French Canadian family in Lewiston, Maine, for July, 1877, July, 1882,
and July, 1887; the cost of food and clothing in 1887 for a family in Rockland; the
retail prices of provisions in Lewiston at different dates, from 1865 to 1887, and in
Augusta in the months of September and October, 1887; the prices paid by a family
for provisions and clothing during the years 1866, 1876 and 1886 at Rockland; and
the bill of fare for convicts in the Maine state prison. This is followed by remarks
of workingmen and workingwomen on topics of interest to wage-earners, including
the condition and views of fishermen, and a tabular statement showing the extent
of the cod and mackerel fisheries of twelve states with the relative rank of each,
and the location of fishing banks.
Manufactures (28 pages).-Under this heading are presented statistical tables, based
on returns from manufacturers, showing, by establishments, the number of weeks each
was in operation, the amount of capital invested, the cost of buildings and grounds,
the cost of machinery and repairs, the amount paid for rent, taxes, and insurance,
the value of raw material used, the total amount paid in wages, the total expenses for
the year, the number and sex of employés over and under 15 years of age, respect-
ively, their wages, the number of accidents, and the value of the product. Tables
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS- -MAINE,
59
from the Third Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Labor give a
list of all strikes and lockouts occurring in the state from 1881 to 1886, by years and
industries, showing, for each strike or lockout, its date, duration, cause, result, loca-
tion, the number of employés, and their hours of labor and wages before and after
the suspension, the cost to employers and employés, whether strike or lockout was
ordered by an organization, the number of strikes, etc. A brief textual notice of
strikes occurring in the state in 1887 is added. The total number of paupers, the
expense for maintaining them, and the way in which they are cared for are given
by counties.
Labor organizations (73 pages). This chapter embraces a textual account of labor
organizations in general; a brief history of the principal orders existing in Maine, with
a table showing the progress of the state grange in membership from 1874 to 1887;
a copy of the act concerning fortnightly payment of wages, and correspondence
relating to it; an account of building and loan associations, and their plan of oper-
ation; a general consideration of cooperation and profit-sharing, and statistics of the
Rochdale Equitable Pioneers, from 1841 to 1867, based on data taken from the seven-
teenth annual report of the Massachusetts bureau of labor; an account of cooperative
associations in Maine, including copies of the balance sheets of the Lisbon Falls Co-
operative Association, and the Sabattus Cooperative Association; and a textual re-
port, in 8 pages, of the deputy commissioner of labor, giving a copy of the act to
regulate the hours of labor and the employment of women and children, which pro-
vides for the appointment of a deputy commissioner of labor, and a consideration
of its provisions.
General statistics (18 pages).—This part of the report gives returns from local offi-
cers showing the valuation of property, the number of polls and farms, etc., in dif-
ferent counties; the number of manufacturing industries by kinds and counties; an
account and list of cotton mills and the amount of their capital; the number of
establishments, number of employés, etc., for the years 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880, en-
gaged in the woollen industry, taken from the United States census report of 1880; a
list of the woollen companies doing business in the state in 1887, the date of estab-
lishment and capital of each; and the number and tonnage of vessels built in the
state and engaged in fisheries in 1887, by customs districts.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.-[199 PAGES.]
Introduction (5 pages).-This contains a general consideration of labor bureaus and
the proper methods for conducting investigations, and recommendations to the
legislature for the passage of an act compelling manufacturers to make returns in
order to facilitate the collection of statistical data of the productive industries of
the state.
Report of deputy labor commissioner (12 pages).-Under this title is given a textual
report of the result of the exercise of the duties of the deputy commissioner as
inspector of factories and workshops, including various labor laws and comments
on their enforcement.
Sixth national convention of the chiefs of bureaus of labor (20 pages).-This gives a
textual report of the proceedings of the convention. It embraces the following
papers: Settle the apprenticeship question by inaugurating industrial schools,
by T. V. Powderly; a paper on the same subject by James H. Smart, president of
Purdue university; and the Bread line, by Matt J. Simpelaar, of the Wisconsin
bureau.
Workingmen's returns (24 pages).-Statistical tables, covering 12 pages, and com-
piled from returns from wageworkers, show for each individual his occupatiou,
nativity, age, residence, hours of labor, wages, number of days lost and causes, the
earnings of his family, whether owning a home or not, and various other facts bear-
ing on his social condition. Remarks of workingmen are given in 10 pages of text.
Working women (85 pages).-Statistical tables, covering 24 pages and based on
#
60
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
returns from workingwomen, give, by industries, for each workingwoman her occu-
pation, nativity, residence, conjugal condition, hours of labor, earnings, amount
of time lost, etc.; also by industries, whether the workingwomen are boarding or
not, the time allowed for dinner and how the dinner is taken, the price of board,
the sanitary conditions of work as to good air, water closets, safeguards against fire,
etc. This is followed by remarks of working women, and by a textual report of a
special agent, Mrs. Flora E. Hains, which treats of the social conditions of female
operatives both at the mill and at home.
Manufactures (22 pages).—Under this heading are presented textual and statistical
returns from manufacturers of boots and shoes and woollen and cotton goods.
Tables give, by establishments, the number of weeks each was in operation, the value
of the plant, of the raw material used and of the product, the amount of capital
invested, the amount paid in wages, the number and sex of employés over and
under 15 years of age, respectively, and the number of accidents occurring, with
recapitulations for eaeh industry, and the retail prices of various commodities at
Augusta, Maine, for the years 1858, 1868, 1878 and 1888. The text gives remarks of
manufacturers, the result of the investigation of child labor, which includes re-
ports from school officers; the plan of profit-sharing offered by the Ara Cushman
Company, being a letter to the employés of the company, of May 8, 1888, and a let-
ter by Ara Cushman to the Maine commissioner of labor, of December 19, 1888.
Appendix: Labor laws of Massachusetts (29 pages).-This contains copies of various
laws of Massachusetts, providing for the inspection of workshops and factories; re-
lating to the discharge of employés; to employers' liability for injury to employés;
regulating hours of labor of women and children; prohibiting the employment of
children in cleaning dangerous machinery; requiring employers to provide suitable
seats for female employés; relating to the employment of minors unable to read and
write the English language; providing for proper meal times for women and chil-
dren; for the health and safety of employés in factories; prohibiting the locking
of doors during the hours of labor; requiring accidents in factories to be reported;
relating to the employment of children; providing for the weekly payment of wages;
for the health and safety of employés in factories and workshops; and for proper
ventilation of public buildings and schoolhouses; requiring fire escapes in factories
and public buildings; providing for the inspection of buildings alleged to be unsafe;
requiring means of communication between engineers' and machinery rooms; and
providing for safeguards against fire in hotels.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[190 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages).
The granite industry (50 pages).-This embraces a textual and statistical account of
the granite industry of the state and of the condition of employés in this industry.
The text gives an article by a granitecutter on graniteworkers in the state; an
account of the principal granite companies, giving, by quarries, the number of men
employed, etc.; an account of a strike at Hurricane Island in the fall of 1888;
accounts of the Granite Cutters' Union and the Paving Cutters' Union; and remarks
of graniteworkers. The tables give returns from granite operators, showing the
location of the quarry, the number of days operated in 1888, the average number of
employés, the amount of capital invested, the value of the gross product, and the
average weekly wages of employés, by occupations. Returns from granite workers
show their ages, nativities, residences, hours of labor, earnings, number of days lost
during the year, the number owning homes, etc., in different tables for stonecutters,
Pavingcutters, quarrymen, etc.; the expenses of living, in detail, of a number of
employés, and the prices of board, rents, provisions, and fuel, at various places where
granite quarries are located.
Lime and slate industries (19 pages). This comprises a textual account of lime and
slate deposits in the state; returns from twenty-nine lime manufacturers, giving
"
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MAINE.
61
1
for each the number of quarries and kilns, their location, the number of days in
operation during the year, the amount of capital invested, the average number of
employés, the amount of the product and the weekly wages and annual earnings of
employés, by occupations; the average weekly wages when fully employed, and re-
turns from lime workers, giving their nativities, occupations, hours of labor, daily
wages, number of days lost during the year, etc.; and the income and cost of living,
by items, for a number of workingmen. The average weekly wages of 209 employés
of the Monson Maine Slate Company are also given, by occupations.
The shipbuilding industry (25 pages).-This part of the report presents statistical
tables, giving, by locations, the number of shipyards and the average number of em-
ployés; the average wages, by occupations, paid at various shipyards in and out of
the state, for one or more of the years 1886, 1887, 1888, and 1889; from consular re-
ports, the wages of employés of shipyards in 1884, and the prices of provisions in cer-
tain foreign countries; and returns from employés, giving for each his age, nativity,
residence, hours of labor, daily wages, the frequency of payment, etc., and the ex-
penses of living, in detail, for a number of shipcarpenters and miscellaneous work-
ingmen. Remarks of shipcarpenters are given in two pages of text.
Seventh annual convention of the chiefs of bureaus of labor (36 pages).-This gives a
textual report of the proceedings. It embraces the address by the president, Carroll
D. Wright, a list of labor bureaus, with the date of organization and name of the
chief or commissioner of each, and a paper by Mr. Betton, commissioner of the
Kansas labor bureau on the Dressed beef monopoly. This paper is a textual and
statistical inquiry as to whether the price of meats has or has not advanced in conse-
quence of the meat business being in a few hands, and a sketch of the growth of the
meat industry. Tables give the price of different meats at Armour's, Chicago, in 1889,
and at local butchers' shops for the years 1879, 1881, and 1889; the number of sheep,
swine, and cattle in the United States for 1870 and 1880, and in the principal cattle-
raising states in 1880, and in one of the years 1884, 1886, 1887, or 1888; also, prices at
the Kansas City stockyards of steers and hogs, each year, from 1878 to 1889; receipts
at the same yards, from 1880 to 1888; receipts of cattle at Chicago, from 1885 to
1888, and the current price of beef cattle and beef products at Kansas City, in Decem-
ber, 1885, and in December, 1888. This is followed by extracts from remarks made
by a number of others in attendance.
Labor laws (17 pages).—Copies of laws of the state, abolishing imprisonment for -
debt except in cases of fraud; regulating hours of labor; relating to the employment
of women and children; providing for fortnightly payment of wages; establishing
a bureau of industrial and labor statistics; prohibiting conspiracy and intimidation
of employés; relating to peddlers and hawkers; and prohibiting the sale of votes.
General statistics (31 pages).—This chapter contains statistical tables giving the taxa-
ble valuation of property, the number of polls, the tax rate, the number of horses,
oxen, etc., by towns, for each county in the state, with a recapitulation compiled
from the lists of the valuation commission. A tabular statement from the report of
the valuation commission, made in 1881, also shows, by counties, the number of polls,
and the valuation of estates and wild lands in the state for that year.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[222 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages).
Agriculture (86 pages).-This chapter contains a textual and statistical consideration
of the condition of agriculture and of farmers in the state, based on information ob-
tained from representative farmers in all parts of the state. The text includes ex-
tracts from remarks of farmers; an article by Edward Wiggin on the History and
resources of Aroostook county; extracts from the address of William Freeman before
the Farmers' National Congress, at Council Bluffs, Iowa, August 28, 1890, on the con-
dition of agriculture in New England, and particularly in Maine; and a statement
of the growth in membership of the State Grange each year, from 1874 to 1889. The
i
62
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
returns from farmers are embraced in a single table of 40 pages, giving, by coun-
ties and individual returns, the size of the farm, the number of acres cultivated, the
value of the real estate and of farm implements, etc., the number and value of live
stock, the value of farm products, the wages paid hired help, etc., with a recapitu-
lation by counties. A short introductory table, taken from one of the Pennsylvania
reports, shows the yield of the leading agricultural products in the United States
for each of the years 1849, 1859, 1869, and 1879.
Abandoned farms (43 pages).—This chapter consists of a statistical table, based on
returns from farmers, giving, by counties and towns, the number, size, and value of
abandoned farnis with and without buildings, etc., with a recapitulation by coun-
ties. Brief textual explanatory notes are added.
Strikes (30 pages). This contains a textual account of the causes and results of
strikes occurring in the state during the year 1890.
Report of the deputy commissioner (22 pages).—Under this head is given the textual re-
port of the deputy commissioner of labor as inspector of factories, treating of his suc-
cess in enforcing the ten-hour law, the laws concerning fire escapes, child labor, etc.,
an account of accidents occurring, a copy of the Massachusetts general specifica-
tions for fire escapes on factories and public buildings, an illustration of the most
desirable kind of fire escape, and a report of the fourth annual convention of the
International Association of Factory Inspectors, 1890, containing a list of papers read
at the meeting, and the address in full of the deputy commissioner of labor, S. R.
Campbell, of Maine, on the restriction of hours of labor in factories and workshops.
Appendix: Labor laws of Maine (27 pages).—This gives a compilation of the laws of
the state establishing the bureau of industrial and labor statistics, as amended;
regulating hours of labor; relating to the employment of women and children;
providing for fortnightly payment of wages; prohibiting conspiracy and intimi-
dation of employés; and the law of Massachusetts providing for the Australian ballot
system.
Miscellaneous tables (4 pages).-This embraces several short tables, showing the pop-
ulation of Maine for the years 1870, 1880, and 1890, and the net increase or decrease
each decade from 1860 to 1890; a list of cotton, silk, and woollen mills of the state,
the location of each, the number of spindles in each cotton mill for 1880 and 1890,
the number of spindles in each silk mill for 1890, the number of sets of cards in
each woollen mill in 1880 and 1890, and the tonnage and shipping owned in the state
in 1880 and 1890, by counties.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.-[230 PAGES.]
Introduction (3 pages).—This reviews the work done by the bureau during the past
year.
Individual reports of workingmen (140 pages).-This chapter presents statistics relat-
ing to many classes of workingmen, based on information obtained from them
through the personal visits of agents of the bureau to a large number of the mills,
shops, and factories in the principal manufacturing towns in the state.
Five pages of text, preceding the tabulated reports, give a general summary of
some of the more important statistics derived from the tables.
The tabulated reports are arranged by trades and occupations, and given sepa-
rately for skilled and unskilled workingmen. They show for individual workingmen,
their ages, nativities, residence, wages, hours of labor, yearly earnings and other
income, their expenses for rent, food, clothing, fuel and lighting, society dues, life
insurance, and other things, the yearly surplus or deficit, the number of days fost,
by causes, the value of the homes owned and the amount of mortgage thereon, the
rate of interest on the mortgage, the number of persons in the family and the num-
ber of those who are at work, the frequency of payment of wages, and information
bearing on their social condition, with a recapitulation. This is followed by a table
giving, by occupations, the number of men employed and the daily wages paid them
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-
63
MARYLAND.
by railroad corporations operating in the state, as shown by returns to the railroad
commissioners.
The chapter closes with twelve pages of text devoted to the expression of opin-
ions and views of workingmen on their industrial situation.
The shoe industry in Auburn and Freeport (12 pages). This article is by Mellen Plum-
mer, of Auburn, and relates to the shoe industry, as represented by the thirteen
firms of Auburn and Freeport. It gives an account of the classes of goods made,
the make-up of a congress shoe, and tables showing the growth and progress of the
business for various years from 1844 to 1891, and the number and average weekly
wages of workingmen employed on men's goods and on women's goods, by classified
branches of work.
Maine's ice industry (20 pages).-This part of the report was prepared by L. C. Bal-
lard. It gives an account of the development and growth of the ice industry of the
state to the present time, including the present method of building houses for its
storage, and tables showing the yearly crop harvested from 1881 to 1890, and the de-
tails of the crop harvested in 1891 with the daily wages of the workingmen employed.
Factories, mills, and shops built during the year 1891 (4 pages).-This gives statistics
furnished by assessors of towns, showing the number and kinds of factories, mills,
and shops for manufacturing purposes, completed or in course of erection during
1891, with estimated cost of same and probable number of hands they will employ.
Appendix (44 pages).-This gives the text of the law providing for printing and dis-
tributing ballots at the public expense and to regulate voting at state and city
elections, to which are appended certain suggestions, recommendations, and forms
prepared by the secretary of state for the use and instruction of municipal officers,
election clerks, and clerks of cities, towns, and plantations.
MARYLAND.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT, 1884 AND 1885.-[312 PAGES.]
Introduction (12 pages).-This is a statement of the objects of the bureau, together
with a list of the trade organizations in the city of Baltimore.
Labor bureaus (9 pages).—Under this head is given a sketch of the establishment of
labor bureaus in the United States, with a statement showing the provisions made,
by the different states having them, for their operation.
Maryland industries (122 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consideration of
all the industries of the state showing the extent of each, the conditions of labor
and laborers, and the wages paid, etc. Various short tables are also given, among
them three taken from the United States census, showing the population of Mary-
land in 1870 and 1880; also the number of families in tenements, the number em-
ployed in manufacture, with their total wages, and the number engaged in agricul-
ture.
Wages (38 pages).-This is a textual and statistical account of the wages paid in
the different industries of Maryland, and a comparison thereof with the wages of
employés in other states as shown by the reports of different state bureaus of labor,
and in European countries as given in late consular reports. The tables relating to
wages in Maryland show the theoretical wages, or the highest amount possible for
a workingman to earn laboring six days per week throughout the year, and the actual
wages, calculated on the actual number of days worked.
Food prices (15 pages).—Under this head is presented a textual and statistical con-
sideration of the quality, quantity, and cost of the food of the American laborer and
of laborers in other countries. The tables presented give comparisons of the weekly
expenses of mechanics' families in Maryland and in England, and of laborers' fami-
lies in Maryland and in Germany; also a list of the prices of miners' supplies in the
neighborhood of the mines, and a comparative food table showing the lowest and
64
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
highest retail market prices in Maryland, Massachusetts, Illinois, England, and
Germany.
Strikes (7 pages).—This is a brief textual summary of all labor difficulties which
occurred in the state from August, 1884, to December 31, 1885.
Opinions of the trades (10 pages).—A compilation of the opinions and remarks of those
making returns to the bureau concerning the condition of labor in Maryland.
Labor laws (29 pages).—This chapter gives the laws of the state creating a bureau
of industrial statistics; relating to the employment of apprentices; requiring the
closing of barber shops on Sunday; prohibiting the manufacture of tin cans by con-
victs; relating to conspiracy; providing for exemption from execution; relating
to the attachment of wages; providing for inspection of factories; requiring fire
escapes in factories; providing for the health and safety of employés in factories;
regulating the hours of labor of children; the hours of labor in mines; the hours of
labor in tobacco warehouses; prohibiting the importation of foreign contract labor
into the United States; providing for industrial education; for the establishment of
mining schools; relating to mechanics' liens; authorizing the organization of trades
´unions; prohibiting the employment of women as waiters in places of amusement;
requiring employers to provide suitable seats for female employés; providing for
payment of wages in legal tender; authorizing insolvent debtors to prefer wages of
employés; and providing for the punishment of larceny of packing house tokens of
indebtedness. The law creating the United States Bureau of Labor is also given.
Appendix (42 pages). This consists of copious extracts from a paper on Distributive
cooperation, prepared by Carroll D. Wright, being a textual consideration of co-
operation in Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Denmark, Hungary,
Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Australia; with an account of
the Arlington Cooperative Association, at Lawrence, Massachusetts.
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT, 1886 AND 1887.-[178 PAGES.]
Introduction (27 pages).—This is a general textual review of the condition of the in-
dustries of Maryland at the close of 1887, with a discussion of the effects of foreign
immigration, containing a statement of the number and nationalities of immigrants
arriving at Baltimore each year, from 1884 to 1887, the work of the German Society
of Maryland, and the growth of city population; a brief review of the aim of labor
bureaus, with a list of the state bureaus, and some complaints and suggestions for
legislative relief submitted to the bureau by workingmen.
Railroad Employés' Relief Association (13 pages).—A textual consideration of the Balti-
more and Ohio Eployés' Relief Association, based on reports furnished by the com-
pany and personal interviews with employés, with numerous extracts from the Re-
lation of railway managers and employés, by Dr. W. T. Barnard.
Strikes and arbitration (61 pages).-A textual and statistical account of strikes and
lockouts in Maryland, and of arbitration in the United States. A set of tables, with
a recapitulation, taken from the Third Annual Report of the United States Commis-
sioner of Labor, gives, by years and industries, the locality, cause and duration, num-
ber of hands involved, the cost, and results of all strikes and lockouts in Maryland
from 1881 to 1886. Then follow a discussion of the eight-hour movement, a review
of the strikes and lockouts in the state during 1886 and 1887, and, under the head
of arbitration, the text of the laws of New Jersey, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio,
and England relating to the subject.
Convict labor (19 pages).—A textual and statistical account of convict labor in gen-
eral, with special reference to the employment of prisoners in Maryland. Tables
taken from the report of the United States Department of Labor on this subject show,
by states, the total number of convicts employed, with the methods of employment;
also the classes of industries employing convict labor and the number of hands
working in each class. Other tables show, for convict labor in Maryland, the hours
worked and contract prices contrasted with free labor; also the incomes and ex-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MARYLAND.
65
penses of Maryland penal institutions. The text contains explanations of the dif-
ferent systems for the employment of prisoners, and extracts from some suggestions
of the United States Commissioner of Labor as to the use of hand labor alone under
the public account system.
Special trade reports (24 pages).-This chapter contains such special reports as were
furnished the bureau for publication by employers and employés in various trades
in Maryland, giving wages, etc., and expressing their views concerning the condition
of their industries. The report of the coal miners contains a table showing for each
company in the Georges Creek coal region of Maryland, its output in 1886, and the
number of employés and their average earnings.
Labor laws (13 pages).—This is a transcript of the laws relating to labor passed by
the general assembly of Maryland during the session of 1886, relating to the attach-
ment of wages; regulating hours of labor of street railway employés and of miners;
prohibiting the employment of female sitters in places of amusement; the delivery
of ice by wagon on Sunday; and providing for the measurement of oysters. This is
followed by court decisions relating to union labels, right of workingmen to strike
and to boycotts.
THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT, 1888 AND 1889.-[260 PAGES.]
Introduction (25 pages).-This consists of a general textual account of the results of
an investigation concerning the employment of women and children in Maryland,
- including a consideration of the subject of manual training.
Communications from employers (57 pages).-This chapter contains the answers of
employers in the different industries of the state to questions concerning child and
female labor. These replies give information regarding the supply of female labor;
the effect of employment in factories upon health and morals; the capability of
women as compared with that of men, and of foreign as compared with native labor;
and the effect of the introduction of machinery upon the employment of hands.
Baltimore city tables (40 pages).-A list of the establishments in Baltimore city
visited by the agents of the bureau is first given, followed by statistical tables show-
ing for each industry, by establishments, the number, sex, age, wages, nationality,
and hours of labor of employés, with a recapitulation by industries.
Baltimore city factories (43 pages).-The statistical tables in this chapter show for
each industry for the establishments mentioned in the preceding chapter, the size
of factories, with the number of doors and windows, and the number and size of
the floors where hands work, the sanitary condition of the factories, and the educa-
tional condition of the women and children employed.
County tables (20 pages).—A list of establishments in the counties of Maryland,
exclusive of those mentioned in the Baltimore city tables, visited by agents of the
bureau, is first given, followed by statistical tables showing for each industry, by
establishments, the number, sex, age, wages, nationality, and hours of labor of em-
ployés, with a recapitulation, by industries, and a summary for the whole state.
County factories (14 pages).-This chapter is made up of statistical tables relating
to the county factories, similar to those given for Baltimore city factories.
Appendix (55 pages). This presents a compilation of the laws of various states
providing for punishment of larceny of packing house tokens of indebtedness; pro-
hibiting the employment of female sitters in places of amusement; providing for
health of employés in factories; regulating the hours of labor of children; prohib-
iting the employment of women as waiters in places of amusement; providing for
the compulsory education of children; for the arrest of vagrant girls; for the pro-
tection of children; prohibiting the employment of children under 12 years of age in
mines; regulating the hours of labor of women and children; prohibiting the employ-
ment of children under 10 years of age in factories; relating to the employment of
children; requiring fire escapes in factories and public buildings; regulating hours
of labor; prohibiting the employment of women and children in mines; providing
13400———5
66
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
for the health and safety of employés in factorics; requiring fire escapes in factories;
regulating the hours of labor of children in factories; prohibiting the intimidation
of employés; the employment of children in mines; relating to the liability of
employers for injury to employés; relating to the employment of children by con-
tract in houses of refuge; to the payment of wages to minors; securing the wages
of female employés; requiring employers to provide suitable seats for female em-
ployés; securing to females freedom in selecting occupations, etc.
FOURTH BIENNIAL REPORT, 1890 AND 1891.-[398 Pages.]
Introduction (6 pages).—The introductory part gives a general review of the condi-
tion of the industries in the state at the close of 1891, recommends the adoption of
proper rules for regulating the building, inspection, and use of elevators in factories,
suggests the inauguration of a system of factory inspection, etc.
The oyster industry of Maryland (128 pages).-Under this heading is given an extended
report of the oyster industry of the Chesapeake bay and its tributaries. Short ta-
bles show the number of bushels of oysters measured in the state for the seasons of
1885-'86 to 1890-'91, inclusive; the number of bushels packed in the state during
the seasons of 1888-'89 and 1890-'91; the entire catch taken by tong, scrape, and
dredge boats during the seasons of 1887-'88 to 1890-'91, inclusive, with the value of
the same and average price per bushel received per season; the number of dredging,
tonging, and scrape boat licenses issued, and the revenue derived by the state each
season, from 1885-'86 to 1890-'91, inclusive, and the acreage of oyster lands taken
up in the several counties, by years, from 1868 to 1891, etc.
The principal tables, five in number and covering 86 pages, show the number of
oyster boats, the number and nationality of the men shipped, and the wages and
advances paid in the seventh district, by monthly schedules, and the number of
oyster boats and men shipped per month by each commissioner, with recapitulations.
General and local laws (54 pages).-This gives an epitome of the laws of the state
relating to the oyster industry, 22 pages being devoted to the general laws and the
remainder of the chapter to the local laws in the several counties.
The coal industry of Maryland (35 pages).-This is a report of the coal industry of
the western counties of the state, and is mainly statistical. It embraces a summary
of cost of production of bituminous coal (run of mine) in forty-seven establishments
in the United States, taken from the Sixth Annual Report of the United States Depart-
ment of Labor, and statistical tables showing the yearly output of the coal mines in
the Georges creek region, from 1842 to 1890, the shipments for each year, the aggregate
tonnage shipped over the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, and the Baltimore and Ohio and
Pennsylvania railroads, and the tonnage carried by the various lines penetrating the
coal region, and delivered by them to the said railroads and canal; the yearly output
of the several mining companies from 1885 to 1890, with increase or decrease, as com-
pared with the prior year; the output of each company in 1890, and the number of
miners employed, and the amount paid in wages; the output of the Georges creck coal
trade for the week ending October 10, 1891; the weekly shipments of the mines from
January 1 to October 10, 1891; the prices paid per ton for mining in various years,
from 1856 to 1887; the location of the mines, with the name and address of the company
operating each; the names and addresses of owners operating the smaller mines, the
entire production of which is consumed by local demand, and the cost of sixteen staple
articles in the coal district during 1870, 1875, 1880, 1885, and 1890, with the prices
paid per ton for mining during said years.
Coal industry laws (3 pages).-This gives an abridgment of the laws of the state re-
lating to coal mining in Garret and Allegany counties.
Wage tables of general trades (20 pages). These tables show, by occupations, the rate
of wages per day, the average number of days worked per year, and the actual daily,
weekly, and yearly earnings of workingmen engaged in the building trades, in the
carriage trade, in the canning trade, in coal mining, in the clothing trade, in cotton
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS MASSACHUSETTS.
67
mills, in woollen mills, in furniture and piano factories, in glass works, in iron
works, in the leather industry, in miscellaneous trades, in the printing trade, in the
pottery industry, in railroad car shops, and in the shipbuilding trade.
Appendix (126 pages).—This gives a textual report of the proceedings of the eighth
national convention of officers of bureaus of labor statistics, held at Philadelphia,
May 19-22, 1891. It embraces a list of the labor bureaus then established, the ad-
dress of the president, Carroll D. Wright, discussions of economic questions, reports
of the current work of the several bureaus, papers by Edward H. Rogers, of Chelsea,
Massachusetts, and Charles H. Simmerman, secretary of the bureau of statistics of
labor and industries of New Jersey, on the Functions of bureaus of statistics of
labor, addresses by Stuart Wood, of Philadelphia; J. A. Price, of Scranton; William
M. Grosvenor, of New York, and P. J. McGuire, secretary of the United Brother-
hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, and a brief account of the trips made
by the members of the convention to the Baldwin Locomotive Works and the Brom-
ley Carpet Factory at Philadelphia, and to the works of the Pennsylvania Steel
Company at Sparrows Point, Maryland.
MASSACHUSETTS.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1870. [423 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages).
Report of the chief (194 pages).-This opens with an account of the circumstances
attending the establishment of the bureau, and an explanation of the investigations
attempted by the chief, showing the methods pursued and giving copies of the blanks
issued. Then follow, first, a history of the condition of labor and of labor legislation
in England, from the beginning of the fourteenth century to the present time; and
second, a history of labor and of the condition of the laboring classes in Massa-
chusetts, particularly since the latter part of the eighteenth century. The principal
topics discussed are the origin and development of industrial questions and of shorter
hours agitation; the factory system, with extracts from the testimony of various
overseers, operatives, and physicians regarding it; children in factories, their em-
ployment and schooling; the wage system and its results; the homes of low-paid
laborers in the city of Boston; the homes of the middle class; and intemperance.
The report closes with a review of the whole subject and some recommendations
presented by the chief with the hope of alleviating the evils existing under the pres-
ent conditions of labor.
Appendix (222 pages).-This part of the report contains the replies given to the
queries contained in the blanks addressed to employers and employés throughout
the state. Textual extracts from these replies are first given, followed by tables ein-
bracing as many of the replies as could be used in this way. Fifty-five pages of text
contain a summary of the information furnished by employers, relating to operative
shareholders; competence earned by employés; company stores and accounts; time
of payment; strikes and discharges; night work; sanitary condition of workrooms;
accidents; stoppage of wages; apprentices; change of employés and their average
life; hours of labor; health influences and temperance; also some general remarks
by employers. Then follows an account of the whale fishery, which is followed in
turn by a summary of employés' replies relating to matters concerning their homes;
education and recreation; accidents; apprenticeship; improved machinery; strikes;
discharges; trades unions; hours of labor; debts of employés; comparative cost of
living and wages; attendance on public worship; cooperative associations; savings
banks; employment of children; effect of factory life upon women and children;
and acquiring a competence; also some verbatim replies and general remarks by
employés, and some remarks on workingwomen, their condition, wages, etc., by a
68
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
lady familiar with the subject. The statistical tables are nine in number. They
give the number of blanks sent to employers and a list of the trades of such cm-
ployers; details connected with employés in mechanical establishments, showing
for each establishment reporting the number of employés, their education and illit-
eracy, hours of labor, earnings, and habits; the same for cotton and woollen fac-
tories, with amount of capital invested; the number of blanks sent to employés,
and the occupations, nationalities, wages, annual cost of living, in detail, and total
earnings of such employés, and the trades, nationalities, and wages of those owning
real estate, with the value of such property and amount of mortgage indebtedness
on same; also a comparison, by trades, of the highest and lowest wages in 1861 and
1869. The appendix concludes with a summary of Massachusetts laws relating to
or affecting labor, from 1833 to 1869; a list of books in the state library relating to
questions of industry, and a list of English official reports which refer to the sub-
ject of labor.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1871.-[655 PAGES.]
Narrative (149 pages).—The opening pages of this chapter are in the nature of an
introduction. They show the lines of investigation followed by the bureau during
the year ending March 1, 1871, and give a statement of the instructions given to
assistants. Then follows a historical account of the origin of combination and of
its development into the guilds of ancient times, with their several varieties, and
into the trades unions of modern days. The remainder of the chapter, covering 110
pages, is devoted to a consideration of the origin and object of strikes, together
with minute accounts of the following prominent ones which occurred in Massa-
chusetts during 1870: The cotton spinners' at Fall River; the shoemakers' at Lynn,
North Adams, Marlborough, and Randolph; the wire drawers' at Worcester; the
nailers' at Weymouth; and the frame knitters' at Needham.
Statistical (311 pages).—This part of the report is made up of statistical information
derived from replies received in answer to blanks sent to employers and employés
throughout the state, and from oral testimony relating to agricultural, commercial,
domestic, industrial, and mechanical employments. Under employments classified
as commercial, fisheries, land and water travel, and transportation are considered;
under domestic employments, house, store, and shop work in Boston; under indus--
trial, the making of wearing apparel, boots and shoes, cotton and woollen textiles,
chemicals, food and mineral substances, and printing; and under mechanical em-
ployments, the manufacture of carriagos, furniture, and metal work, and the build-
ing trades. A short table gives prices paid for convict labor. Tables follow giving the
number of employés in the different occupations, their earnings, hours of labor the
itemized cost of living, and the length of working season. Among the tables based on
workingmen's returns one is given showing for those owning real estate the value of
such property and mortgage indebtedness on same. The text embraces explanations.
of the tables and considerations of the methods of work and educational conditions
of employés, of the employment, of women, etc., with conclusions therefrom; and
accounts of various cooperative enterprises in Massachusetts.
Work and home life of factory operatives, etc. (110 pages).-This chapter presents gen-
eral information, derived from oral testimony before the bureau, upon the work and
home life of operatives, their earnings, habits, morals, and amusements; Chinese
labor, etc. Especial reference is made to the employment of children in factories
and to half-time schools, the hours of factory labor, facts bearing on the ten-hour
argument, the hours of labor and the employment of women and children in Eu-
rope, and the homes of low-paid laborers in Boston. There are also considerations
of poverty and intemperance, and some recommendations by the chief for the pur-
pose of calling the attention of the legislature to the subjects treated of in this
report.
Appendix (71 pages).—This consists of the statements of forty-eight workingmen,
giving a description of their general condition and their ideas concerning existing
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS.
69-
grievances and the remedies therefor; also explanations of the theory and practice
of English half-time schools by the teachers of some of them, inspectors and other
experts, and a brief sketch of friendly societies.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1872.-[598 PAGES.]
Introduction (7 pages). This is a statement concerning the work of the bureau, show-
ing the results brought about by the publication of the previous reports.
Statistical (332 pages).-This part of the report consists of a textual consideration,
together with numerous brief statistical tables, of the returns made to the bureau
by employers and employés. The employments represented are classified as agricul-
tural, commercial, women's, industrial, and mechanical; and these classes are further
subdivided for consideration. All of these industries are fully discussed and the
tables, which relate to number employed, hours of labor, lost time, wages, etc., are
followed by extracts from the returns and further explanations by the bureau.
Thirty-five pages of text are covered by the opinions, based on personal experience
of employers, regarding the results obtained under the long and short time systems.
Then follow, in the order given, a table giving a general description of the fami-
lies and the itemized cost of living of ten workingmen of different occupations; tables
based on employés' returns showing for each man his occupation, nationality, age, ·
earnings, cost of living, by items, value of real estate if any is owned, and the amount
of his savings, together with copious extracts from the reports made; and an account
of the establishment of savings banks in the state and results therefrom, the tables
giving for each institution of the kind in Massachusetts the number of depositors,
their sex, nationality, and occupation, and the total amount of deposits, besides
various other information, and being explained by extracts- from previous reports
and the remarks of persons competent to testify. The chapter closes with a reca-
pitulation by the chief of all the information it contains.
Testimony and narrative (103 pages). This is a textual account of the general con-
dition of the laboring classes in Massachusetts. It is compiled from information
gathered from personal inspection and from the oral testimony of operatives. The
chapter embraces discussions upon Chinese labor and the truck system; accounts of
numerous accidents caused by unprotected machinery; the testimony of physicians
and employés concerning the effects of factory labor; accounts of the strikes which
occurred during the year in the state; and descriptions of the homes of the working
classes, and of schools for factory children.
Argument and recommendations (96 pages).-This part of the report is chiefly devoted
to the subjects, education and the purchasing power of wages. First is presented a
statement of the educational condition of the state, followed by a comprehensive
description of half-time schools, showing the features of the English schools, and
the methods of those in Massachusetts. Then is given a very complete account,
with numerous statistical tables, of the earnings of laboring men, and the purchas-
ing power of their wages at various historic periods, beginning in England early in
the fourteenth century, and in Massachusetts in 1630, and continuing to the present
time. Then follow tables of comparative prices of food, clothing, and fuel, and rates
of wages, from 1780 to 1864; a table compiled from the preceding tables of wages
and earnings, showing the actual expenses, hours of labor, wages, and earnings for
the past year of employés in the principal oc eupations; and some conclusions drawn
from this report, and recommendations to the legislature for the amelioration of the
condition of the laboring classes.
Appendix (36 pages).-This is composed of a statement by an Essex county farmer
concerning agriculture; a historical sketch of cooperative associations in Germany,
by Edward King; and accounts of the schools of Prussia, and their methods of instruc-
tion, by N. T. Alien; of the condition of labor and laborers in Austria and Hungary, by
Paul Liptay; of the truck system in England, and of a recent strike by agricultural
laborers in that country.
70
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
•
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1873.-[522 PAGES.]
Introduction (43 pages).—This is a historical sketch of the bureau, with an account
of the recent criticisms of its reports, and a statement of the sources of information
and methods of gathering the statistics presented in this report.
Statistical (199 pages). This is a textual and tabulated arrangement of the statis-
tics collected by the bureau during the last year. The text contains explanations
and remarks concerning the tables and the testimony of persons summoned before
the bureau. A table taken from the United States census of 1870 gives a classifica-
tion of employments in Massachusetts, showing the number of males and females em-
ployed in each occupation. The principal subjects considered are the wages and
earnings in the manufacturing and mechanical employments in Massachusetts, with
a table showing the average number of persons employed in each occupation, their
total earnings, average time employed and wages, and average annual earnings;
wages of unskilled laborers, with a table similar to the preceding one; the cost of
living illustrated by numerous short tables showing for a number of workingmen
the occupation, size of family, earnings, and itemized expenses, with quantities of
articles consumed; also the receipts and expenses of one family each year, from
1826 to 1845, and from 1851 to 1870; savings banks, with a report of the hearing
before the legislative committee on banks and banking concerning the statements
made upon this subject in the bureau's third annual report, and tables showing for
each savings bank in the state the number of depositors and total amount of
deposits at the time the report was made, and the same for a date twelve months
previous, the occupations of depositors during the past year, the number and totals
of deposits by specified amounts, etc.; and the ownership of real and personal estate,
with a statement of the number of taxpayers in each town or city, and the last
assessment rate.
Testimony and narrative (135 pages). This chapter begins with accounts of the labor
movements in America and in England, embracing a communication from William J.
Jessup, president of the Workingmen's Assembly, state of New York, giving infor-
mation concerning trades unions in the United States, and the condition of the eight-
hour movement; and a report of the fifth annual trades unions' congress in Great
Britain and Ireland. Then follow returns from several towns and cities in Massa-
chusetts giving comprehensive accounts of the special industrial occupations in
each; and communications from different parts of the state concerning labor in the
early part of the century and various other matters pertaining to labor. The next
forty-eight pages are devoted to a discussion of cooperation, which includes a nar-
rative of the present (1872) status of cooperation in England, given orally to the
bureau by Robert Harper, of Birmingham; a summary of the objects and constitution
of the agricultural and horticultural cooperative association of England; an article
on industrial copartnerships, by Jesse H. Jones, and a criticism on cooperative ex-
periments in England, by Charles W. Felt, of Manchester. The chapter closes
with descriptions of the Naumkeag half-time school, and tenement houses in Salem.
Argument and recommendations (123 pages).-This part of the report is composed of
considerations of various subjects which have for the most part been presented in
the preceding pages. First in order is an account of the educational condition of
the state, with a table showing the average attendance and non-attendance at pub-
lic and private schools in each of the prominent cities; then follow in the order
given, a statement of the present condition of labor with the testimony of opera-
tives, and an essay on poverty, by Ira Steward; a consideration of wages; of co-
operation, and of a movement toward a reduction of the hours of labor, including
a paper by B. J. Butts, entitled, Limitation of time, in relation to the production
and distribution of wealth; and answers to objections, remarks upon the ten-hour
system, and a consideration of relative changes in cotton mills, from 1838 to 1867.
The bureau concludes the report with a renewal of the recommendations made in
former reports; and with others, based on the experience of the past year.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS.
71
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1874.—[292 Pages.]
Introduction (5 pages).
Education and employment of young persons and children (20 pages).-This is a consider-
ation of the subject of the education of children in the state, including statistics,
based on reports received from school committees, relative to the employment of
children of school age, and a table taken from the last report of the board of educa-
tion, showing for each of the thirty-seven towns and cities having evening schools
the attendance at such schools, the time in session, number of teachers, and total
expense. The chapter contains an extract from a report of the state board of edu-
cation and a digest of American and European laws relative to its subject.
Statistics relative to professional men (7 pages).—The two tables which, with a brief
introduction relating to the efficacy of gathering statistics by means of circulars
mailed by the bureau, comprise this chapter, relate to clergymen and to teachers.
The first shows for those clergymen reporting their average age, time, and expense
devoted to preparation, term of service and remuneration therefor, salary and cost
of living during the past year, and working hours. The second shows for all the
teachers in Massachusetts the average wages per month and year, of each sex.
The sanitary condition of working people (20 pages).—This is a textual discussion of
the homes, modes of life, and the injurious occupations of working people, the ef-
fects of the adulteration of food, attractive bar-rooms, workingmen's building com-
panies, duties of capitalists in relation to workingmen's homes, the family relation,
increase of immorality, and effects of labor on workingwomen.
Comparative rates of wages and hours of labor in Massachusetts and foreign countries (60
pages). This chapter is composed of two statiscal tables, compiled from information
gathered by the bureau in Massachusetts and by agents for the United States Bu-
reau of Statistics in foreign countries. These tables show the average weekly
wages and the hours of labor of employés in forty branches of emyloyment in Massa-
chusetts and various foreign countries.
Condition of textile fabric manufactories in Massachusetts (51 pages).—This is a textual
consideration of the condition of textile fabric manufactories in Massachusetts, con-
sisting of a statement of the consolidated facts relating to ventilation, fire escapes,
elevators, and the protection of machinery, and of brief accounts of the general con-
dition of each of the various mills visited by the officers of the bureau, together
with a digest of English laws relative to sanitary matters and machinery and acci-
dents.
Prices of provisions, etc., in Massachusetts and in Europe (40 pages).-In this chapter
there are given two tables, one showing the prices in 1872, of provisions, rent, board,
clothing, etc., in Massachusetts and in forty-five representative places in Europe,
the other showing the amount of each article which one dollar would purchase in
each of the various places enumerated. The data upon which the tables are based
were secured for Massachusetts from respectable dealers in the various articles given,
and for foreign countries were taken from returns made to the national Bureau of
Statistics during an investigation into the condition of laborers in Europe.
Savings banks (47 pages). This is a report of an investigation, the chief object of
which was to discover to what extent the savings institutions of Massachusetts are
used by the laboring classes. Returns were made to the bureau from twenty-one
banks keeping a record of the occupations of their depositors, and the information
gained is presented in tabulated form, showing for day workers, salaried employés,
professionals, those having capital invested in their business, and those depositing
trust accounts, separately, the number of depositors and of deposits, the amount
deposited, and the average for each depositor, the number and amount of deposits
of $300 or less, and the same for deposits over $300, with percentages in each of the
preceding cases; also the number of depositors and of deposits and amount depos-
ited in each occupation of the five groups. One hundred and four banks, at the
request of the bureau, kept a record during the last four months of 1873, of the
72
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
occupations of depositors, arranging them in groups similar to the preceding, and
made reports which are here given, showing for each group the number of depos-
itors and the amount deposited, the average amount of each deposit and the per
cents of number and of the amount of deposits. A summary of these reports is also
given, followed by statements from returns of ninety-seven banks as to the increase
or decrease in amounts of deposits and withdrawals for the last four months of 1873,
as compared with the corresponding months of 1872.
Miscellaneous (17 pages). This chapter embraces miscellaneous information, con-
sisting of general statistics concerning various industries, operatives in mills, and
other employés in Massachusetts, based on the United States census of 1870; a table
showing the increase of wages in 1873 over those of 1861 in two representative mills
in the state; a comparative table showing the cost of groceries, provisions, clothing,
and dry goods in the years 1861 and 1873; a table showing the itemized cost of liv-
ing of families in forty-one different places in Massachusetts and foreign countries;
and an account of the Women's Economical Garden Homestead League.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1875.-[513 PAGES.]
Introduction (4 pages).
The education of working children (63 pages).—In answer to a resolve of the last legis-
lature directing the bureau to prepare a plan for the education of children employed
in manufacturing establishments, such a plan is here presented, preceded by a gen-
eral textual consideration of the subject, including accounts of the beginning of the
factory system in England and the development of legislation regarding the educa-
tion and labor of the young, and of the state of education in Prussia, with a digest
of the laws relating thereto, descriptions of the methods of half-time schools in Mas-
sachusetts, and a statement of the opinions of the officers of the bureau upon the
subject based on the results of their investigations.
Special effects of certain forms of employment upon female health (48 pages).This chapter
begins with a consideration of the influences that affect the health of workingwomen,
showing the results to the women suffering and to society, and a statement of the
errors of employ that bring about these results. Then follow accounts, based on
personal investigation and interviews, of the effects upon female health of factory
employments, typesetting, telegraphy, sewing machine labor, the counting of money,
and the manufacture of tobacco, and some suggestions and recommendations toward
diminishing the evil effects of the present systems of female employment.
Factory legislation (75 pages).-This part of the report presents the needs which ex-
ist for legislation for the protection of factory employés. The first chapter gives a
chronological history of English factory legislation, followed in the succeeding
chapters by an account of the burning of the Granite Mills at Fall River, with state-
ments of the facts concerning the operatives killed or injured; statistics regarding
the upper stories of mills in Massachusetts, presented in a table showing for each
mill the names of the rooms in the upper stories, the number employed in them, and
the means of escape in case of fire or panic; and also some general recommendatious
regarding the employment of children in mills, the hours of labor, the protection of
operatives from dangerous machinery, and the employment of married women, the
whole concluding with a brief outline of the principal points which, in the judgment
of the bureau, should enter into the provisions of a factory act.
Condition of workingmen's families (262 pages).—This is an account of an investigation
of the condition of workingmen's families in Massachusetts and forms the largest part
of this report. There are 397 families represented, statistics from other states and
countries being also given for the sake of comparison. The first two chapters are
made up of an introduction and statements, with numerous statistical tables show-
ing the extent of the bureau's investigations and their representative value. The
tables give the names and population of places visited, and the number in each
employment in each place; a classification of occupations and the average size of
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU 73
-
REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS.
families in each; the nationalities and occupations of heads of families, etc. The
third chapter contains individual statements, transcribed from the notebooks of the
bureau's agents, concerning each of the families represented, showing the occupations
of the fathers, the earnings of all the members of the family, the condition of the
family, the food used, and the itemized cost of living. The fourth chapter pertains
to the cost of living in its broadest sense, that is, the relation of earnings to ex-
penses.
The tables used show, by size of places, by nationalities, by classes of occupation,
and by kind of labor, the average earnings of the fathers, of the wives at work, and
of the children at work; the yearly average of combined earnings; the sources of
income and the percentage supplied by each; and the yearly average expenses;
also the earnings and expenses based on the size of the family; and, by the same
classification as the first tables, the relation of the fathers' or combined earnings to
the expenses, and the average yearly surplus or savings. Then follow a statement
of the per cent. of families in debt according to their geographical position in the
state, and a comparative table of workingmen's savings in Massachusetts, Philadel-
phia, and various European countries. The next five chapters contain an analysis
of expenditures. Statistical tables are presented, together with much textual in-
formation, and the expenditures are discussed under the following heads: Rents, in-
cluding a table showing the sanitary condition of workingmen's homes in Massachu-
setts, and descriptions of the homes of workingmen in other states, and also in other
countries; fuel, with a table showing the average yearly cost of fuel to Massachusetts
families; food, with tables giving the yearly average expenditure for food in Massa-
chusetts, a comparison of the manner of living in Massachusetts and in Switzerland,
and descriptions of the manner of living in various states and countries; dry goods
and clothing, with tables giving the average expenditures for these articles, and
comparisons of the style of dress of American and Swiss workingmen, women, and
children; and, finally, sundry expenditures. The last chapter is made up of a gen-
eral summary of all the facts brought to light by this investigation, a discussion of
Dr. Engel's economic law, with the conclusions of the officers of the bureau, and
some recommendations based on these conclusions.
Cooperation (40 pages).—This is a general discussion of distributive cooperation,
containing accounts of the different cooperative associations in Massachusetts; in
England, with special reference to the Rochdale Equitable Pioneer Society, and the
Civil Service Supply Association, of London; and in other European countries.
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1876.-[379 PAGES.]
Introduction (12 pages).-This contains a statement of the twenty questions which
constituted one of the schedules used by the bureau in taking the census of the com-
monwealth for the decade ending May 1, 1875, the answers to these inquiries form-
ing the basis of this report; also an account of the work of the bureau for the past
year; some results of the census, including a table showing the population of Mas-
sachusetts, and the number of each sex in each of the eight classes into which the
occupations are here divided; and a statement regarding the future of the bureau.
Wagereceivers (202 pages).-Answers to one or more of the questions contained in
the schedule mentioned above were received from 71,339 persons working for wages,
representing 950 different occupations. The answers to seventeen inquiries were
used, the abbreviated inquiries being as follows: (1) Number of persons dependent;
(2) hours employed; (3) days employed; (4) daily wages; (5) yearly wages; (6)
other earnings; (7) wife's earnings; (8) children's earnings; (9) unable to work;
(10) who own houses; (11) amount of mortgage; (12) rate of interest; (13) number of
rooms hired; (14) rent paid; (15) value of garden crops; (16) cost of living; and
(17) number of volumes in library. The returns received have been tabulated, and
the tables, with textual explanations, are presented in the five chapters of this re-
;
74
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
port. Chapter I contains a list of the occupations represented, and tables for each
schedule question, showing by counties, separately for each sex, the number of
schedules received, the number answering the particular question, the per cent.
answering, the aggregate for all answering, and the average for each person answer-
ing. Chapter II is composed of tables showing for each county the number of each
sex answering each schedule question, the per cent. answering and the average for
each person answering, with a summary for the state. Chapter III contains tree
tables, showing the condition of the families of inale wagelaborers who have wives
at work, of those who have minor children at work, and of those who have both
wives and children at work. These tables show for the first, fifth, sixth, seventh
or eighth, or both, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth questions previ-
ously enumerated, the number of males answering, the aggregate for all, and the
average for each male answering. Chapter IV is made up of two sets of tables, the
first showing for each schedule question, by special cities and towns in Massachu-
setts, the number of schedules received, the number and per cent. of each sex answer-
ing, the aggregate for all, and the average for each person answering; the second
showing for each of the special cities and towns, by schedule questions, the number
and per cent. answering, and the average for each person. Chapter V contains two
presentations of the statistics concerning the wagelaborers in twenty important
occupations, including operatives in cotton and woollen mills and boot and shoe fac-
tories, farm laborers, etc. Both show the number of each sex pursuing each occu-
pation and the days employed, the yearly wages earned, and the cost of living; the
first for each county, by occupations, and the second for each occupation, by coun-
ties. Then follows an exhibit of the average days employed, yearly wages, and cost
of living in the occupations enumerated.
Salary receivers (56 pages).—In this part of the report the returus received from
9,554 salaryreceivers are presented, the arrangement being similar in every respect
to that of the statistics concerning wagereceivers, in chapters I and II of the pre-
ceding part.
Appendix (105 pages).—This contains a summary of the laws relating to or affecting
labor which have been passed by the Massachusetts legislature since 1833, including
copies of laws regulating the hours of labor of children; prohibiting the employ-
ment of children under 10 years of age in factories; regulating the hours of labor
of women and children; the payment of wages of employés under special contracts;
relating to the employment of children; and prohibiting the intimidation of employés.
Also a brief account of foreign legislation; a complete history with opinions of
the public and press regarding the Massachusetts burcan of labor statistics from its
establishment, with a digest of its seven annual reports; and an account of the census
and industrial statistics of 1875, with a copy of the law providing for taking the
same.
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1877.—[303 PAGES.]
Introduction (4 pages).
Industrial arbitration and conciliation (49 pages).—Under this head are given, first, a
report made to the bureau by the editor of The Labor News, of London, on the
rise, growth, and present status of arbitration in England, including extracts from
various influential newspapers showing their position concerning conciliation in
agriculture; and, second, a detailed account of the principal attempts at arbitration
in Massachusetts, being for the most part a history of the order of Saint Crispin.
Cooperation in Massachusetts (87 pages).-This is a history of cooperation in the state,
made up of a compilation of the records of different societies, together with extracts
from the testimony of their officers and members. Comprehensive accounts, with
textual and tabulated statistics, are given concerning the New England Protective
Union, the Boston Tailors' Association Union, the Boston Cooperative Building
Company, the Sovereigns of Industry, the Somerset Cooperative Foundery, and other
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS MASSACHUSETTS. 75
C
cooperative enterprises; also a statement showing the location of each association
in the state, the year of its charter, its purpose, capital, assets, etc. The last 16
pages of the chapter are devoted to a statement of the conclusions reached after a
general review of the whole subject.
Motive power in Massachusetts or the labor of the sun (16 pages).-This is a paper, pre-
pared by T. W. Clark, on the motive power of the state. It includes a table ex-
hibiting the steam and water power of the state in the different industries, with
the number of persons actually employed in those industries, May 1, 1875, which is
used as a basis for showing the increase of man's productive capacity. The whole
chapter demonstrates the fact that the people of the present time are living under´
vastly improved conditions.
The afflicted classes (17 pages).—This part of the report embraces statistics which
were collected by the census enumerators in 1875, concerning the blind, deaf, dumb,
idiotic, and insane residents of Massachusetts. Numerous short tables are given
which, together with the text, show the number of each class in each county, with
the proportion to the total population, and the causes of the disability.
Pauperism and crime (45 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consideration of
pauperism and crime in Massachusetts, based on data collected for the census of
1875. The statistics relating to pauperism are presented in tables with descriptive
text, showing the number and sex of paupers, by counties, their birth places, the
causes of pauperism, the previous occupations of the paupers, their conjugal con-
dition, ages, and illiteracy. The same statistics are given concerning convicts, and
the remaining pages of the chapter are devoted to a consideration of the facts dis-
closed by a comparison of the preceding statistics, a statement of the cost of pau-
perism and crime, and some general conclusions advanced by the chief.
Massachusetts manufactories (62 pages).—This is a report based on the census of 1875,
concerning the persons employed in each story of the manufactories in nineteen cities
and twenty-one towns of Massachusetts, and their means of escape in case of fire.
The statistics are presented in tables, followed by descriptive notes, showing, for
each city and town, the number of establishments, classified according to the number
of hands employed, the number of employés in each story, and the means of escape
in case of fire. Five recapitulations of the facts presented in the preceding tables
are given, followed by an exhibit of the height of buildings used as manufactories,
and the number having attics and basements.
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1878.-[266 PAGES.]
Comparative condition of manufactures and labor, 1875 and 1877 (9 pages). The results
of an investigation into the present condition of manufactures and labor in Massa-
chusetts, as compared with that of 1875, are here presented. Two tables are given,
the first showing for each industry, and the second for each establishment repre-
sented in the different industries, the percentage of increase or decrease in the per-
sons employed, and in gold value of the product, the increase or decrease of work-
ing time, in days, and the percentage of decrease in wages.
The education and labor of the young (24 pages).-Under this head is given a paper on
the half-time system, prepared by Dr. D. F. Lincoln from personal investigation,
and containing a history of the origin and growth of half-time schools, statements
concerning the limits of mental application, and the advantages accruing from com-
bining study with work, together with abstracts from correspondence relating to
half-time schools in Massachusetts, in other states, and in Europe.
The growth of Massachusetts manufactures (49 pages).-This is a textual and statistical
account of the growth of manufactures in the state. The tables give the number of
manufactories established before 1700, from 1700 to 1799, from 1800 to 1825, and each
year from 1826 to 1875; also the dates, as above, of establishment, by industries.
Then follow accounts of the growth of manufactures in the several towns of each
county, showing the names of the industries and the dates of their establishment.
}
76
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
The relative importance of private establishments and corporations in manufacturing indus-
tries (13 pages).-This chapter contains statistics relating to the 10,395 private es-
tablishments, and the 520 corporations engaged in producing manufactured goods in
Massachusetts in 1875.
Two tables are presented, giving the following information:
Table I shows for the cities and towns in each county the number of private establish-
ments and of corporations in each, the number of partners or stockholders, and the
value of the goods made. Table II shows the number of private establishments and
of corporations engaged in each industry, with the number of partners or stock-
holders and employés, the amount of capital invested, the value of the stock used,
the total wages paid, and the value of the goods made.
Conjugal condition, nativities, and ages of married women and mothers (60 pages).—This
chapter consists of statistics which were for the most part omitted, inadvertently,
from the report of the census of 1875. The tables and recapitulations presented con-
tain the following information for each town in the several counties of the state:
Table I shows the conjugal condition of native born and of foreign born mothers;
Table II shows the number and percentage of native and of foreign born married
women with children and without children; and Table III shows the number of mar-
ried women with children and without children, classified according to ages.
Nativities, ages, and illiteracy of various wageworkers (104 pages).-The object of this
article is to show the presence and influence of the foreign born in the productive
industries of the state. The chapter consists almost entirely of statistical tables.
The first set of tables shows for each county the ages (by periods) and illiteracy
of farmers, by their nativities; the second set presents the same facts concerning farm
laborers; next are given state aggregates for skilled workingmen in each of forty-three
principal manufactures and mechanical industries, and a summary for the unskilled
laborers in the state, containing information similar to that in the two preceding
sets of tables; then follow statements covering 43 pages concerning the employés in
various industries in representative cities and towns, designed to show the composi-
tion as regards nationalities of these places. The remaining pages contain tables
showing, by industries, the number of persons employed; the percentage of illiter-
ates, native born and foreign born; the number of illiterates under 20 years of age,
by age periods; and, finally, a statement of the percentage of productive and unpro-
ductive population in various European countries, in the United States, and in Massa-
chusetts, with summaries of the dependent and productive classes in the last named.
TENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1879.-[198 PAGES.]
Introduction (12 pages).-This is a letter of transmittal containing references to the
inability of workingmen to avail themselves of the provisions of the insolvency laws,
and to the truck system, giving a copy of the Ohio law; an account of labor legisla-
tion in Massachusetts since 1876; extracts from foreign statistical reports giving
opinions concerning American labor; and a description by Oren W. Weaver of the
system of school savings banks existing in France, Belgium, and Italy.
The unemployed in Massachusetts (13 pages).-This is a statement of the results of in-
vestigations made in June and November, 1878, to ascertain the number of people
unemployed in the state. The results obtained, which are presented in tabulated
form showing the number of skilled and of unskilled workingmen unemployed in each
county, and the number of births, deaths, and natural increase in the state from
1875 to 1877, disclose the fact that the number of unemployed had been greatly over-
estimated.
Convict labor (43 pages).-This is a report of an investigation as to the kind and
amount of work performed at the penal institutions of Massachusetts, made in re-
sponse to a resolve of the legislature of 1878 authorizing the same; followed by a
consideration of the facts presented and of remedies suggested for alleged existing
evils; and statements of the conclusions which, as a result of the evidence obtained,
ป
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS.
77
seem logical to the writer, and of the recommendations which it seems just to make
to the legislature. The tables contained in the report give a statement of the total
number of convicts, and of the number under contracts or employed in mechanical
industries, in each state of the United States in 1878; number of inmates in each
penal institution in Massachusetts, the number at work, the number engaged on
contract work, the contract price, and the earnings and the expenses of the institu-
tion for the year ending November 1, 1878; and a classification, by industries, of the
employed prison population of Massachusetts, with the location and character of work
of the same population.
Wages and prices (37 pages).-This part of the report consists of a comparison of
wages and prices in Massachusetts for the years 1860, 1872, and 1878. The statistics for
1860 and 1878 were specially collected for this report, and those for 1872 were taken
from the report of the bureau made in 1874. The results of this investigation are
presented in numerous tables giving the average weekly wages in each occupation
in forty-seven industries, including agriculture, textile industries, boot and shoe in-
dustry, etc., for each of the three years; the percentage of increase or decrease in wages
in 1878 as compared with 1860, by cities and towns and by occupations; the average
retail prices in each of the three years, of fifty-six items of expense, food, clothing,
etc.;
and the purchase power of money at the same time for the same items.
The
text, besides explaining the tables, contains a statement, for each of thirty-four rep-
resentative cities and towns, of the percentage of advance on all the items of ex-
pense and the percentage of increase or decrease in wages; also some conclusions
reached concerning wages and prices by a consideration of the purchase of commod-
´ities by workingmen, and a review of all the matter here presented.
Testimony of workingmen (43 pages).—This is a textual account of replies received from
workingmen throughout the state to inquiries made concerning their occupations,
hours of labor, health, general condition, manner in which wages are paid, chil-
dren, and future prospects. Of the 230 workingmen making returns, 160 expressed
their opinions at length on some phase of the labor question, and these remarks are
also presented here, classified under topical heads.
The hours of labor (24 pages).-This chapter consists, first, of a table exhibiting the
number of persons employed in each industry in Massachusetts for which the actual
working time was secured by the bureau; the average number of days actually
worked during the year ending May 1, 1875; the average number of hours worked
per day, and the average number of hours it would have been necessary to work per
day if the labor had been distributed over 308 working days; and, second, the
statement of the opinions of leading manufacturers concerning a reduction in the
hours of labor.
Statistics of drunkenness and liquor selling (16 pages).-The statistics of drunkenness
and liquor selling under prohibitory legislation in 1874, and under license legislation
in 1877, which were derived from an investigation undertaken at the request of the
governor in 1878, are here presented. Circulars were sent to various officials through-
out the state, and the returns were as follows: From town clerks, for each town in
the several counties, the number of arrests for drunkenness during 1874 and during
1877; the number of places where liquor was illegally sold in 1874, and the number
of liquor licenses granted in 1877. From city clerks, the number of liquor licenses
granted in 1877. From chiefs of police, the number of arrests for drunkenness dur-
ing 1874 and 1877, and the number of places where liquor was illegally sold in 1874.
And from clerks of courts and trial justices, the number of judgments on complaints
for illegal sales of liquor, and the convictions for drunkenness during 1874 and 1877.
Recapitulations are also given for the first and last tables.
78
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1880.-[301 PAGES.]
Introduction (3 pages).
Strikes in Massachusetts (71 pages).—This is a history of all the actual strikes which
occurred in Massachusetts from 1832 to 1879. Much space is devoted to Fall River,
and a comparison of its record with that of Lowell and that of Lawrence is given, in-
cluding tables which show, for each place, the nativity of the population in 1865,
1870, and 1875, and the number of cotton spindles in 1865 and in 1875. A summary
of the 159 strikes recorded shows the occupation and nativity of strikers, and the
location, causes, and results of the strikes. The remaining pages, 5 in number, con-
tain a statement of the conclusions drawn from a consideration of the facts presented
in this chapter.
Convict labor (49 pages).—This part of the report contains statistics concerning the
penal institutions in the United States, where convicts are in any way employed
in labor at all competing with outside labor. It is supplementary to that chapter
in the last report of the bureau relating to convict labor in Massachusetts, a synop-
sis of the conclusions and recommendations presented at that time being given here.
The statistics were officially supplied to the bureau and are as follows: The number
of convicts, by sexes, in prison, and the number at work under each method of em-
ployment in each penal institution in the United States, arranged by states and ter-
ritories; the total number at work, by industries; the number of convicts at work
in each industry, by states, and the number of free laborers in the same industries;
facts similar to those in the last table concerning Massachusetts alone; a classifica-
tion of the penal institutions; and the number of convicts at work under each method
of employment in the several states and territories. Recapitulations for each table,
and lists of the occupations in which convicts are employed at skilled and at unskilled
labor are also given. The concluding text contains an analysis of the statistics pre-
sented and a statement of the suggestions, furnished by Edward Atkinson, as to
the methods of applying technical education to the solution of the convict labor
question.
Statistics of crime (73 pages).-This is a comprehensive exhibition of the statistics
relating to crime in Massachusetts from 1860 to 1879. The tables, 32 in number,
varying in length from a half page to two pages, were prepared from official returns
made to the secretary of the commonwealth, and contain the following information:
Tables I to XX show, by classes of offences, the total number of sentences passed in
each county in the superior and police courts and by trial justices during each
year from 1860 to 1879; and Tables XXI and XXII contain aggregates of the pre-
ceding, by years, the first with offences in detail, and the second with counties in
detail. The three tables following contain a classifi cation of offences, with increase
or decrease in percentages, for each year as compared with 1860; the number of sen-
tences for drunkenness, liquor offences, and all other offences aggregated, with per-
centages of increase or decrease for each year as compared with 1860; and the same
information with percentages of increase or decrease for each year as compared with
the year next preceding. Diagrams further elucidating the information contained
in the tables are also given, together with one showing the sentences for high crimes
each year from 1860 to 1879. Other tables present a classification of offences, and
show the number of persons in confinement in Massachusetts each year from 1860 to
1878, with the number in cach penal institution of the state; and, finally, the number
of convicts in the state prisons of the United States, by states, showing the percent-
age born in the state in which they are confined and the percentage born out of the
state.
Divorces in Massachusetts (39 pages).-Statistics relating to divorces in Massachusetts
from 1860 to 1878 are here presented, with textual explanations of the tables and
notes on divorce legislation in the state. The tables, 17 in number, with the excep-
tion of one of 6 pages, are 1 page in length. They show the causes for divorce as
*
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS. 79
1
alleged in the libels filed during the period covered by the investigation with the
number filed each year; the number of divorces actually granted, by years and stat-
ute causes, in a separate table for each county, with a recapitulation for the state;
and, in conclusion, the number of marriages and of divorces, by years, with the ratio
of the latter to the former.
Social life of workingmen (58 pages).-This is a report of an investigation concerning
the relative social opportunities afforded workingmen in the country and the city.
The statistics were compiled from returns made by chairmen of the school boards of
234 towns and 19 cities in Massachusetts in response to circulars sent out by the
bureau, and from personal visits to the larger cities. The report, which is mainly
textual, compares the social life and opportunities in towns and cities, gives sug-
gestions and remarks from various correspondents, presents some methods for the
improvement of social life, and concludes with accounts of workingmen's clubs in
Boston, Philadelphia, and New York, and some remarks on Sunday recreation for
the people.
TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1881.-[545 PAGES.]
Letter of transmittal and introduction (2 pages).
Industrial arbitration and conciliation (75 pages).-A special report by Joseph D.
Weeks, all text, except where illustrated by nine short tables. It is an account of
various attempts at arbitration in disputes between employers and employés in this
country, relating chiefly to Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York. Conciliation in the
Pittsburg iron trade is first considered, and copies of memoranda of agreement,
generally accompanied by scales of prices agreed upon between employers and
employés, are given as follows: February 13, 1865, between pig iron boilers and
manufacturers; July 23, 1867, between the same parties. Copies of memoranda of
agreement, then (1880) in force, are given as follows: April 2, 1872, between guide
rollers and manufacturers; October 17, 1879, between bar and nail mill rollers and
heaters and manufacturers; February 23, 1880, between Amalgamated Association
of Iron and Steel Workers and manufacturers for knobbling; March 1, 1880, be-
tween the same parties for rolling in sheet and jobbing mills; also for boilers
(the date to be filled in by each company); September 7, 1880, between the same
parties for muck rolling. Arbitration in Pennsylvania anthracite regions is next
considered. In tabular form are given the prices of coal at Port Carbon for certain
months of each year, from 1869 to 1872, and wages pail to miners at the same dates.
Copies of agreements and tables showing their operation are given as follows: July
29, 1870, between Workingmen's Benevolent Association and anthracite board of
trade; May 11, 1871, between the anthracite board of trade and the Miners' and
Laborers' Benevolent Association; January 6, 1872, between the same parties. Arbi-
tration in the coal mines of the Pittsburg district is next considered, and rules
of the board of conciliation and arbitration for the coal mines of western Penn-
sylvania, of date October 24, 1879, are given. The attempt at arbitration in the
Shenango valley of Pennsylvania is considered; also arbitration in Ohio, particularly
in the Tuscarawas valley. There is an account of the Straiton and Storm board of
arbitration, New York city, with the rules of the board. The report of Mr. Weeks
is summed up by the commissioner in two pages.
Statistics of drunkenness and liquor selling, 1870 to 1879 (242 pages).—This consists
almost entirely of statistical tables, compiled from data furnished by town and court
officials, only 9 pages out of a total of 242 being text. The tables, 9 in number, are
very long, and recapitulations and consolidations are provided. They give the num-
ber of arrests for drunkenness, by years, for each town, city, and county in the state,
with recapitulation for the state, and convictions, by years, counties, and court con-
victed in, with state recapitulation. The places where liquor was sold illegally are
given by years, towns, cities, and counties, with state recapitulation. The number
of complaints in court for illegal selling, carrying or keeping, and for liquor nuisance,
"
80
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
and disposition of these are given by counties, courts, and years, with state recapitu-
lations. An abstract of state laws relating to liquor licenses is given. The number
of licenses for each of the six classes or kinds issued in each town or city for the
years 1875 to 1879 is given, with state recapitulation of classes, by counties. A list
of towns indicating whether they had or had not granted licenses is given, by years;
also a table showing population, by towns, cities, and wards (census of 1880), and
proportion of licensed places to population. Supplementary tables are added show-
ing, by counties, the population and the proportion of population to licenses and to
convictions for drunkenness.
Uniform hours of labor (154 pages).—A textual and statistical inquiry concerning the
hours of labor in the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut, and New York, and the probable results of the adoption of a uniform
system of ten hours labor, particularly in the textile industries. There is a total of
154 pages, 22 in text and 132 in tables. Inquiries were made of both employers and
employés, and part of the tables is based on returns from one and part on returns
from the other. The tables proper are 5 in number, varying in length from 12 to 26
pages. They give, by states and establishments, the manufacturers' returns of kind
of goods manufactured, cotton and woollen textiles, etc., kind of raw material used,
where produced and where purchased, its cost where purchased and at mill, where
products are sold, and cost of transportation to such market, where exists principal
competition in manufacturing and selling, and whether sales are effected by impor-
tations, the proportion of men, women, male children, and female children to each
100 employés, the average wages of each of these classes and (separately) of spin-
ners and weavers, hours of labor, quantity of product of looms, number of looms
tended by each weaver, quantity of product of spinners and kind of power used.
The employés' returns give, by families, the occupation of the head of the family,
whether day or piece work is done, hours of labor, number of adults and of chil-
dren in the family, time unemployed during the year, earnings of head of family
and of others in the family, and cost of living. In addition are given tabulated
answers of manufacturers and workingmen to various inquiries intended to bring
out the probable effect of a uniform ten-hour law upon the interests of employer
and employé in the several states mentioned. The summing up of the whole matter
is shown in 20 pages of text.
Influence of intemperance upon crime (54 pages).-A textual and statistical inquiry
concerning the direct and indirect influence of intemperance in inciting crime, based
on data obtained from the court records of the county of Suffolk for the year ending
September 1, 1880; length 54 pages, 9 of text and 45 of tables. Briefly summarized
results of the preceding year's investigation into crime are given. The tables are
nine in number, and from 1 to 12 pages in length. The facts are ascertained and
presented for males and females, under each kind of offence, as to whether the
criminal was under the influence of liquor when the crime was committed, or under
its influence when the intent to commit the crime was formed, or as to whether the
criminal's intemperate habits led to a condition which induced him to commit the
crime, or as to whether the intemperate habits of others led him to a condition
which operated to induce the commission of the crime. The number of criminals,
with respect to sex and specific offence, reported as total abstainers, moderate drink-
ers, and excessive drinkers is given. The native and foreign born, by sex, are shown
for each offence as sober or in liquor at the time of the commission of the crime.
Also, with respect to each offence, the previous occupations of the criminals are
given, and, for each occupation, the number of total abstainers, moderate drinkers,
and excessive drinkers. With reference to country of birth, age and sex are
shown for each specific offence. An exhibit is also made of native and foreign born,
by sex, for each offence, as to the nature of the sentence, whether imprisonment,
fine, put on probation, etc. Finally, the duration of imprisonment and amount of
fine are shown, so classified as to exhibit, by sex, the number for each particular
period of time or particular amount of fine.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS.
81
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1882.-[473 PAGES.]
The Canadian French in New England (92 pages). This is a report of a hearing held
before the bureau for the purpose of allowing the French Canadians in New England
an opportunity to make public their objections to statements concerning them
which appeared in the twelfth annual report of the bureau. These statements were
to the effect that the presence of the Canadian French is a serious obstacle in the
way of the adoption of the ten-hour system of labor; and that these people are an
undesirable element in the laboring population. The statistical testimony presented
is shown in a table relating to thirty-five cities and villages where Canadian French
are to be found in great numbers. This table shows the proportion of Canadians to
the total population, the number of these people owning real estate, the number in
school, the number naturalized, the number holding public offices, and the number
of merchants, professional men, and tradesmen among them.
Citizenship (99 pages).—The results are here shown of an investigation concerning
the composition of the voting population of Massachusetts as to nationality, and
the proportion of the voting population exercising the right of suffrage. The chap-
ter is mainly statistical, the statistics being presented in nine tables, which vary in
length from a few lines to one covering 72 pages. Table I shows the nationalities
of voters and of aliens in each city or town in the state, also the percentage of voters
and of aliens to the total population. Tables II and III show, for the years 1875 and
1881, the number of polls, of legal voters (estimated for 1881), and the number of
yotes cast in each city and town, with recapitulations giving the same by counties.
The other tables show, by nationalities, the percentage of male population of voting
age to the whole population of each nationality, the ratio of population to each male
of voting age, and to each legal voter; also, by counties and again by cities, the
percentage of foreign born voters of the foreign orn population; by cities, the per-
centage of foreign voters to total voters, of foreign population to total population in
1875 and in 1880; by counties, the population, number of polls, the estimated number
of voters, and the total vote cast at the presidential election of 1880; the estimated
number of voters and the total vote cast on a constitutional amendment in 1881, and,
in conclusion, the population, the actual vote cast, the proportional vote on the
basis of one vote to every 5.36 of population, and the excess or deficiency relating to
this proportion, for each state, in 1880.
1
Fall River, Lowell, and Lawrence (223 pages). In answer to the question: Why is
it that the working people of Fall River are in a constant turmoil, when at Lowell
and Lawrence they are quiet? an investigation was made by the bureau, the
results of which are presented in this chapter. The information was gathered by
personal visits and inspection, and from the testimony of leading citizens in the
three cities; the number of individuals who contributed in some way to the report
being about seven hundred. All the information procured is presented and arranged
in six divisions, as follows: (1) the operatives; (2) the mills; (3) the cities; (4)
condition of operatives in their homes and employment; (5) relations of employers
and employés; (6) opinions of leading citizens. These subjects are discussed at
length, and the text is further elucidated by a large number of short tables. Under
the first heading are given the occupations of operatives, class of help, women and
children in the mills, nationality and illiteracy of operatives, conduct out of the mill,
trustees and assignments, savings, and the condition and appearance of the opera-
tive population in the three cities. Then follows a general description of the mills,
including an account of their condition as to fire escapes, ventilation, and machinery,
and statements of their regulations, finances, valuation of machinery, buildings,
and land, production, profits, and accumulations. In the third division the munici-
pal valuations and appropriations, financial condition, drunkenness, police statis-
tics, inspection of buildings, construction of sewers, boards of health, registration
statistics, education, libraries, clubs, and associations of the three cities are the
13400-6
82
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
subjects discussed. Sixty-seven pages are devoted to information concerning the
condition of operatives in their homes and employments. Descriptions of tenements
and boardinghouses in each of the three cities, and condensed abstracts of the
regulations respecting them are first given, followed by statements regarding the
personal property and real estate owned by operatives, and brief discussions of
cooperation, food and routs, working time, ten-hour law, speed, "cut sheets," stand-
ard of production, overwork, hard work, fines, poor light, poor cotton, mule vs.
frame spinning, weekly payments, time bills, notice, wages, and relief societies.
That part of the report treating of the relations of employers and employés is en-
tirely textual. It contains extracts from the complaints of operatives respecting
various matters, including the "black list," the "drive" or "grind," and the
"cheating" of corporations. The manners of superintendents and overseers are
discussed, and a few pages devoted to a consideration of trades unions, strikes,
delegations, and conferences. The remainder of the chapter presents the replies
received from each of the three cities in answer to inquiries made respecting, first,
the needs (morally, socially, or industrially) of the operatives in the textile indus-
try; second, plans for the bettering of the condition of the textile factory opera-
tives; and, third, the complaints of such operatives.
Wages, prices, and profits (43 pages).-This is a textual and statistical account of an
investigation concerning wages, prices, and profits in Massachusetts, showing the
condition of laborers at the present time in comparison with that of former years.
Three of the tables presented exhibit, first, the average weekly wages for the years
1860, 1872, 1878, and 1881, according to occupation, indicating the increase or de-
crease between last two dates, also a table giving the wages of English factory
operatives; second, the average retail prices of staple commodities for the same
four years,
with the percentage of increase or decrease between last two dates; and,
third, the purchasing power of one dollar for the same years. Wholesale prices of
groceries and meats for the years 1878 and 1881 at the Boston market are also given.
In the consideration of profits, short tables are used showing the cost price to con-
sumers, retailers, jobbers, and manufacturers, in 1881, of seventy articles or grades
of articles; and a recapitulation shows the percentage of net profit going to the re-
tailer, jobber, or wholesale dealer and to the manufacturer.
FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1883.-[412 PAGES.]
Employers' liability for personal injuries to their employés (177 pages).-This part of the
report was prepared and written by Charles G. Fall. It is the result of a care-
ful investigation of the subject of the liability of employers to employés for injuries
received while in the discharge of their duty, and points out a number of changes
which seem to be needed in the existing laws relative to such liability. Abstracts
of the Scotch and Irish laws respecting this subject, and those of France, Italy, and
Prussia are cited, as well as the laws of different states and territories in our own
country, and finally those of England, together with accounts of considerations of
the subject by committees of parliament. Seven reasons in support of the law as it
exists are next discussed, followed by brief considerations of various matters por-
taining to this subject, among them being the manner in which large employers and
corporations escape liability; railroad accidents in the United States and in Great
Britain; and the justice or injustice of allowing employés to make a contract reliev-
ing their employers from liability. A short history of the English act, of its opera-
tion, and of decisions under it, is given; after which follows a discussion of the
subject in this country, a summary of the objections to and the reasons in favor of a
change in the law, and a statement of the difficulties of drawing a bill. In conclu-
sion, two bills are presented for the action of the legislature, as the result of the full
consideration of the subject. Two appendixes are added, the first being a transcript
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS. 83
from the English employers' liability act, and the second containing extracts from
a circular issued by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, promulgating the
organization of an employés' relief association.
Time and wages (61 pages).-This is a presentation of statistics concerning hours of
labor and wages, compiled from the returns for the tenth census of the United
States relating to Massachusetts. The tables show the average number of employés;
the average day's wages for a skilled mechanic and for an ordinary laborer; the hours
of labor from May to November and from November to May, and the yearly average;
the months employed; the time employed, in months, on full time, three-quarters
time, two-thirds time, half time, and idle, in each of 2,440 establishments in the fol-
lowing industries: Boots and shoes, boxes, brick, building, carriages and wagons,
clothing, cotton goods, food preparations, furniture, leather, machines and machin-
ery, metals and metallic goods, musical instruments, paper, printing and publishing,
rubber and elastic goods, stone, tobacco, wooden goods, and woollen and worsted
goods; also, for each industry, the average day's wage of skilled mechanics and of
ordinary laborers; the average daily hours of labor for the year; the average yearly
working time; and finally the actual average yearly working time, day's earnings,
and yearly earnings.
Profits and earnings (133 pages).—In this part of the report, relating to yearly earn-
ings and the profits of manufacturers, the same establishments are considered as in
the preceding part. The tables show, for each establishment, also for each city and
town arranged by counties, and for each of eighty industries, the average number
of employés; the capital invested; the wages paid during the year; the stock used;
the value of the product; the estimated interest and expenses; the net profit or
loss; the percentage of the stock used, of the wages paid, of the interest and ex-
penses, and of the net profit or loss of the value of the product; the average yearly
product and net profit per employé and the average yearly earnings of each employé;
also for each of the eighty industries mentioned above, and for each of the thirty-
two cities or towns, in every one of which the value of manufactured goods ex-
ceeds $3,000,000 yearly, the average yearly earnings of each employé, and the per-
centages of men, of women, and of children and youth, and last, the profits and
earnings during 1875 and 1880 in the state, the city of Boston, and in thirty selected
cities and towns.
Early factory labor in New England (25 pages).-This is a historical account of the
factory girls of Lowell, Massachusetts, and their life from 1832 to 1848, prepared by
Mrs. Harriet H. Robinson, who was herself a factory employé at that time. Descrip-
tions are given of their life at the mills and in their boardinghouses, together with
accounts of their social and literary opportunities, and of the after fate of some of
them; and, in conclusion, a comparison is made with the present condition of factory
labor.
FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1884.—[485 PAGES.]
The working-girls of Boston (133 pages).-This is a textual and statistical account of
the general condition of the working-girls of Boston, prepared from data gathered
by special agents of the bureau by personal visits. The introductory pages contain
tables showing the occupations and nativities of all persons engaged in all occupa-
tions in Boston in 1880; the same concerning females alone, and the occupations in
detail, classified under personal service, trade, and manufacture, of the 1,032 work-
ing-girls included in this investigation. The information secured is presented in
this report under six general topics: (1) Social condition; (2) occupations, places
in which employed; (3) hours of labor, time lost, etc.; (4) physical and sanitary
condition; (5) economic condition; (6) moral condition. The chapter on the social
condition is mainly statistical, and shows the residence, nativity, nativity of
84
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
4
parents, conjugal condition, number of parents living, present age and age at
beginning work, time at work, and time in past and present occupations of the 1,032
working-girls. The tables in the second chapter exhibit the occupations and nativ-
ities, the years employed in each occupation, and the number of different occupations
followed, the places in which the 1,032 girls have been at some time employed, the
length of time in each place, the number of places in which employed, and the num-
ber that are forced to devote time to housework and sewing in addition to their daily
labor. Chapter III, which is also statistical, shows the daily and Saturday working
hours, the actual weekly working hours, the range of time allowed for dinner and
for vacation, and the time lost during the past year. The tables relating to the phys-
ical and sanitary condition show the health according to occupations, the health,
age, and conjugal condition, the comparative health, health at beginning work and
in present occupation, and during whole time employed. Textual accounts are also
given of the sanitary surroundings at home and in the workroom, and of the effect
of work on health. The next chapter deals with the economic condition of the
1,032 working-girls, and contains tables which show the average weekly earnings
during the whole time employed, whether at work in Boston or elsewhere, the pres-
ent actual weekly earnings, how or in what calling additional earnings were made,
the sources and amount of assistance received, the average weekly and yearly in-
comes, and the itemized expenses. The text contains accounts of the different "sea-
sons" in various occupations, and of the home life of the working-girls, showing how
their earnings are used and the number dependent upon their work. Then follows
a consideration of the moral condition of the working-girls, and the investigation
seems to have disclosed the fact that the charge of gross immorality made against
this class is almost wholly unfounded. In conclusion, a summary of the results of the
investigation is given, together with some suggestions looking to the general improve--
ment of the condition of and establishing homes for the working-girls of Boston.
Comparative wages, 1883: Massachusetts and Great Britain (181 pages).—In the fall of✓
1883 the bureau began an investigation, through personal agents, in Massachusetts
and Great Britain, to determine the difference in the rates of wages paid in indus-
tries common to both states. The comprehensive report of that investigation here
presented relates to twenty-four industries, and is for the most part statistical, the
text being confined to notes explanatory of the tables. Each industry has a table of
its own composed of four sections: occupations, aggregation, recapitulation, and
comparison. The first section gives the names of the occupations in each industry,
for both countries, with the weekly wages paid, and the number of employés re-
ceiving the wages specified. The second section presents the totals and averages
drawn from the preceding one, and brings the various occupations in the same in-
dustry into juxtaposition for direct comparison. The third division is also made up
from the first and shows the number of men, women, young persons, and children
for whom wages are given, the number paid by the day, piece, or both, and the
number for whom actual wages and for whom average wages are given. The last
section brings the highest, lowest, average and general average weekly wages of
both countries into a final comparison. The tables are supplemented by a general
review, which is followed by a grand recapitulation, a grand comparison of average
hours of labor, wages, etc., and a grand aggregation; and the result of the entire
investigation is stated as being that the general average weekly wage of the em-
ployés in twenty-four industries in Massachusetts is 62+ per cent. higher than the
general average weekly wage of the employés in the same industries in Great
Britain,
Comparative wages, 1860-1883: Massachusetts and Great Britain (117 pages).-This part
of the report presents for direct comparison wage statistics for the years 1860, 1872,
1874, 1875, 1878, 1880, 1881, and 1883 for Massachusetts, and for the years 1872, 1877,
1880, and 1883 for Great Britain, drawn from census or official reports and from per-
sonal investigations by agents of the bureau, and various other sources, Ninety
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS.
85
industries are represented in the tables, and the tables themselves are composed of
three parts. The first shows the countries and year compared, and the number of
employés for whom wages are given, with classifications of this whole number as to
sex and age, as to manner of working, and as to whether actual or average wages are
given; the second part shows the country and year, and the highest, lowest, and
average weekly wages for men, women, young persons, and children; and the last
part shows the country and year, the general average weekly wages, and contains
under the heading Result the final comparison. After a general review of the
tables, a grand recapitulation showing number and percentage of children and adults
employed, etc., and a grand comparison of all statistics contained in them, are given,
followed by tables showing the increase and decrease of wages in Lancashire,
England, and a statement of the grand result of the investigation, which is even
more favorable to Massachusetts than that for the year 1883 alone, given in Part II
of this report.
Comparative prices and cost of living, 1860-1883: Massachusetts and Great Britain (35
pages). This is a comparison of prices and of the cost of living in Massachusetts for
the years 1860, 1872, 1878, 1881, and 1883, and in Great Britain for the years 1872 and
1883. The statistics relating to prices are presented in the following order: Prices of
groceries, provisions and fuel, and the purchase power of money in Massachusetts in
1860, 1872, 1878, 1881, and 1883; prices for the same articles and the purchase power of
money in both Massachusetts and Great Britain for the years 1872 and 1883; prices
in both countries in 1883 for the three classes of commodities mentioned above, also
for dry goods, boots and shoes, clothing, rents, board and lodging, and canned
goods; and restaurant prices in Massachusetts. Analyses of each table are given and
the remainder of the chapter is devoted to a comparison of the cost of living in the
two states in 1883. The budgets of nineteen workingmen in Massachusetts and of
sixteen in Great Britain are presented in tabulated form, showing, for each, the size
of the family, the number of persons at work, the earnings and expenses, and the
expense details; and averages and the percentage of expenditure for both countries
compared with Dr. Engel's economic law; followed by a grand comparison, and a
statement of the facts brought to light by the investigation.
SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1885.-[552 PAGES.]
Pullman (26 pages).—This is a joint textual report made by the chiefs and commis-
sioners of the state bureaus of labor statistics concerning an investigation of the eco-
nomic experiment conducted by the Pullman Palace Car Company, at Pullman,
Illinois. A historical sketch of the town is presented, showing the manner of its
construction, and giving accounts of its industries, its population and their earnings
and living expenses, educational facilities and health, and the moral influence of the
place. The last seven pages are devoted to a general consideration of the different
features of this establishment which the investigation covered.
Sunday labor (73 pages).-This is a consideration of the causes of Sunday labor in
Massachusetts, and the effects of such labor upon the parties directly involved.
Historical accounts are given of Sunday labor in connection with both steam and
horse railroads, showing the physical effects of such labor upon employés, and em-
bracing tables of the Sunday trains on the principal steam railroads, and of the
Sunday cars on all horse railroads in Massachusetts. Sunday newspapers, transpor-
tation service, postal service, hotels and restaurants, apothecary stores, etc., are
discussed, and a table is given showing occupations in which Sunday labor is per-
formed, followed by a statement of the results of the investigation.
Comparative wages and prices, 1860 to 1883: Massachusetts and Great Britain (55 pages).
-This is a consideration of parts II, III, and IV, of the fifteenth annual report of
this bureau, devoted to a consideration of the same subject, embracing a comparison
86
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
1
:
of wages, prices, hours of labor, cost of living, etc., percentage of expenditure, con-
sideration of Dr. Engel's law, etc. This condensation preserves every fact stated in
the full presentation, but the long tables of details, from which the tables of aggre-
gates and the summaries were drawn, are omitted.
Historical review of wages and prices, 1752-1860 (311 pages).--This is a historical ac-
count of the industrial development of Massachusetts, based largely on information
gained from old account books, bills, and miscellaneous papers. In reviewing the
subject it is divided into three periods: the early industrial period, prior to the in-
troduction of machinery and the factory system; the transition period; and the
present industrial period. In discussing the first period, or that prior to 1815, ac-
counts are given of the industries which had been established, of the hours of labor,
of the household comforts, educational and social advantages and means of transpor-
tation possessed by workingmen, and of the manner in which laborers were paid.
The history of the transition period includes accounts of the introduction of the
factory system and of labor-saving machinery, of the early expansion of the cotton
industry, of early tariff legislation, of the development of American manufactures,
and the condition of the laborers, of the course of wages during that time, and the
progress of immigration in the United States. The review of the present industrial
period, beginning about 1830, shows the development of invention, the effect of ma-
chinery upon the condition of labor, and the status of the laborer before the law.
The statistical tables which follow are based upon over 4,600 statements, represent-
ing over 9,000 original quotations of wages, and nearly 25,000 statements represent-
ing 120,000 original quotations of prices. Separate tables are given for each year,
from 1752 to 1860, showing the wages paid in different occupations and the prices of
various articles of food, commodities, etc. These are followed by other tables for
each occupation and for each of the articles named in the preceding tables. The
wages of cotton mill operatives for various years from 1828 to 1860 are also
shown. Then come tables exhibiting the wages in the different occupations and
the prices of the articles named in the first set of tables, by periods of years; and the
summary of the statistics presented containing comparisons of wages and prices
from 1830 to 1860, by periods. Only 52 pages of this chapter out of the 311 it con-
tains are text.
Health statistics of female college graduates (62 pages).-This chapter consists of a
report of an investigation conducted by the committee on health statistics of the
Association of Collegiate Alumnae. The statistical tables here presented are based
on information received in reply to the questions contained in a schedule sent to all
These
graduates of colleges or universities of the United States open to women.
child-
schedules consisted of seven divisions. The first related to the conditions of
hood; the second to individual health; and the third to family health; the fourth
to college conditions; the fifth to conditions since graduation; the sixth to answers
in case of the death of an alumna, and the seventh to remarks. Statistics concern-
ing the 55 per cent. of the graduates who made returns are exhibited, and the
remainder of the chapter is devoted to a review of the tables and a summary of the
results of the investigation.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1886.--[411 PAGES.]
Henry Kemble Oliver (47 pages).-This is a biography of Henry Kemble Oliver,
who died August 12, 1885, incorporated in this report as a memorial of his services
as the founder of the work of this bureau.
Cooperative distribution in Great Britain (104 pages). This is a historical description
of cooperative distribution in Great Britain, including accounts of its methods and
present condition, prepared by the chief of this bureau in response to a resolve
passed by the legislature in 1885. A statement of the sources from which the in-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS. 87
formation here presented was gathered is first made, followed by definitions of co-
operation as it was first advocated and as it is now understood; an account of the
manner in which the Rochdale Pioneers and other distributive societies of Eng-
land have grown up, their mode of operation, and what they have accomplished;
and a statement of the provisions of the statutes upon which the legal basis of co-
operation in the United Kingdom rests at present. Complete descriptions are given
of the manner of organizing and of conducting both retail and wholesale coopera-
tive stores; after which a number of tables are presented giving statistics of co-
operative societies in Great Britain and in England and Wales from 1862 to 1883, in
Scotland and in Ireland from 1872 to 1883; of societies with sales exceeding £200,000
yearly, from 1866 to 1883; and finally showing the progress of the English whole-
sale society from March, 1864, to June, 1885, and of the Scotch wholesale society
from 1869 to 1883. The Co-operative Union, by which organization the coopera-
tive societies are bound together, is then described, and a review of cooperative
distribution in Great Britain follows, showing the advantages of organization, the
reasons for success, the criticism to which the movement is open, and, lastly, the
benefits to be derived from these organizations if they are properly managed. A
condensed account of the position of productive cooperation in Great Britain, and
of productive and distributive cooperation on the continent of Europe and in
Australia, together with a history of the Arlington Cooperative Association at
Lawrence, Massachusetts, is presented as an appendix. Tables are given contain-
ing statistics regarding the cooperative productive societies of Great Britain at the
beginning of 1884, and the cooperative societies of Paris; a classification of the
membership in people's banks and consumers' societies in Germany in 1882 and 1883;
and showing the progress of the Arlington Cooperative Association.
Profit-sharing (81 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consideration of the
different arrangements in vogue whereby labor participates in the profits of the
business in which it is employed. Profit-sharing in Europe is first considered, the
prominent systems which have been tried, particularly in France, being fully ex-
plained. In the discussion of profit-sharing in the United States the subject is pre-
sented in three divisions-first, profit-sharing without wages in Massachusetts
fisheries, with a table containing statistics relating to each vessel in the Massachu-
setts fisheries in 1884; second, profit-sharing in addition to wages, usually referred
to as “industrial partnership," in several states, containing accounts of various ex-
periments in that direction, especially that of the Peace Dale Manufacturing Com-
pany; and, third, profit-sharing through stock-owning, in Massachusetts. This last
division consists of a synopsis of the laws of Massachusetts respecting cooperative
corporations; accounts of cooperative manufacturing enterprises in Massachusetts
from 1870 to 1875, with statements of their assets and debts; statistical tables,
showing the progress of cooperative manufacturing enterprises in the state from
1875 to 1884, the condition of each company at the time of the holding of the annual
meeting in each of the ten years being indicated; and also a comprehensive history
of each of ten companies in operation in Massachusetts during 1885, the information
presented having been gathered by means of personal visits to each company. A
summary of the essential points contained in the statistical statements given for
each company is also presented, for the purpose of comparison. The remaining six
pages are devoted to a discussion of the conclusions reached from a careful con-
sideration of all the matter presented in this chapter.
Food consumption; quantities, costs, and nutrients of food materials (90 pages).—In this
chapter are presented the results of an investigation undertaken by the bureau for
the purpose of supplying workingmen with the information necessary to enable
them to more intelligently regulate their expenditures for food, so that they may
secure with a given expenditure the maximum amount of nutritive elements. The
greater part of this report is based upon a number of schedules of dietaries, collected
by the bureau, giving the quantities and costs of food, of people, mostly manual
88
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
laborers, with limited incomes, in Massachusetts and Canada, which were subjected
to chemical analysis in order to estimate the quantities of nutritive material con-
tained in them and to learn how they compare with regard to nutrients, cost, and
fitness for their purpose with each other, as well as with other dietaries and with
recognized standards. The chapter is made up of a number of tables accompanied
by textual explanations. After a general introduction, which contains statements
regarding the nutrients of food and their uses in nutrition, the digestibility of food
materials as affecting their nutritive values, the amount of nutrients obtained for
25 cents in different food materials, and some statistics of boardinghouse consump-
tion, the consideration of the dietaries collected by the bureau is begun. Statements
are presented of the data upon which the present study of dietaries is based, of the
composition of various food materials, and of standards for daily dietaries. The
analyses of a number of dietaries collected are then given, followed by recapitula-
tions showing the persons, employments, wages, etc., and quantities and costs of
food, also the quantities of nutrients estimated per man per day. Statements are
presented concerning the dietaries of students, and of brickmakers at Middletown,
Connecticut; a comparison made of the dietaries examined with European dietaries
and standards; and some suggestions offered for alteration and improvement in two
of the dietaries. Then comes a short discussion concerning the food of the poor of
Boston, followed by a concluding summary and statements of the most noticeable
features of the dietaries examined, and of some questions suggested by them.
Art in industry (65 pages).—This chapter contains the results of an investigation as to
the value of art in the industries of Massachusetts. Statistics relative to art as a
profession are first presented. These are based on the returns made by seventy-one
of the leading artists of the state, in response to a schedule sent out by the bureau,
chiefly to ascertain whether art as a profession is profitable or not, and to determine
the comparative advantages and disadvantages arising from a foreign or a native art
education. The tables show the time and medium employed in art work; the
branches pursued; the places in which the art education was received, and its time
and cost; and finally the returus from thirty-seven schedules, giving statistics of
income and expenses and some miscellaneous personal statistics. The opinions of
artists as to the appreciation of art in this country and their suggestions relative to
the awakening of a deeper interest in the fine arts in America are then given; the
remainder of the chapter is devoted, first, to a consideration of the returns received
from forty-one manufacturers regarding the application of art in industry; and, sec-
ond, to accounts of the facilities existing in Massachusetts for an art education.
EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[306 PAGES.]
The unemployed, from the state census of 1885 (294 pages.)—This entire report is de-
voted to a presentation of the information collected by the enumerators of the
Massachusetts census of 1885, relative to those persons in the state engaged in any
remunerative occupation, who were unemployed during any part of the year ending
May 1, 1885. The report is mainly tabular, the text containing little else than gen-
eral analyses of the tables. The first set of tables gives, for each city and town, ar-
ranged by counties, the whole number of persons who were unemployed at their prin-
cipal occupation during any part of the year, together with the number of persons
respectively for each number of months unemployed, classified as regards sex and
age periods. Then follows a summary of the preceding, for the state, from which
three tables of percentages are drawn, showing the distribution of the unemployed;
by sex, as regards age periods, and the number of months unemployed; by the number
of months unemployed, as regards sex and age periods; and by age periods, as regards
sex and the average number of months unemployed. For the purpose of comparing
the final results as regards the number and percentages of the unemployed, these
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS.
89
are presented in three tables, first by sex; second, by the number of months unem-
ployed; and third, by age periods. In a fourth table is given, by sex, for the state
and for each age period, the average number of months unemployed. The next table
shows, for each city and town in the state, arranged by counties, and for the state,
the number and percentages of persons employed or unemployed, together with the
average number of months unemployed for all persons and for the uuemployed.
The principal occupations of the unemployed are shown, by cities and towns, in a
table which presents the number of unemployed persons of each sex and the
average number of months unemployed for each occupation, together with the total
number of persons employed in said occupation. A summary for the state is also
given. Next in order the principal occupations of the unemployed are presented,
classified by industries, followed by a table showing, by counties, cities, and towns,
and for the state, the number of unemployed persons having "other occupation,"
so called, during any part of the time in which they were unemployed at their
principal occupation; the average length of employment at such "other occupa-
tion;" and the net average number of months unemployed for the whole number of
unemployed persons. Other tables show the principal occupations of unemployed
persons having "other occupation;" the causes for short time in manufacturing
establishments, by industries; and the place of birth of the unemployed, by occupa-
tions. The remaining thirty-four pages are devoted to an analysis and consideration
of the information presented, including numerous short tables based on the pre-
ceding tables; and conclude with a statement of the essential result of the investi-
gation.
3
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888. [239 PAGES.]
Strikes and lockouts, 1881-1886 (117 pages).-This is an account, mainly statistical,
of all the strikes and lockouts which occurred in Massachusetts during the six years
from 1881 to 1886, based upon data which formed a part of the Third Annual Report
of the United States Bureau of Labor. The account is preceded, for purposes of com-
parison, by a synopsis of the history of strikes and lockouts in Massachusetts
from 1825 to 1879, contained in this bureau's report for 1880; and by a statement of
the number of strikes and lockouts which occurred in the state during 1880 and the
occupations affected, taken from the report of the tenth census of the United States.
The first table presented, concerning the years from 1881 to 1886, shows for each
strike, by years and industries, its locality, canse, or object, whether ordered by a
labor organization or not, the number of establishments concerned, its duration, re-
sult, employés' and employers' losses, the number of employés, their average daily
wages and weekly working hours before and after the strike, the number of em-
ployés engaged in the strike, and the number of new employés after the strike. A
summary of the strikes is given, by years and industries, followed by summaries of
the causes or objects, first by years and second by industries. The next set of tables
and summaries contains corresponding information concerning lockouts for the same
period. A comprehensive analysis of the information presented in all the preceding
tables, relative to both strikes and lockouts from 1881 to 1886, follows: this con-
tains summaries of each of the divisions of the preceding tables, including those
which show the results of strikes and lockouts upon establishments and employés;
also numerous statements of percentages; tables showing the time required for em-
ployés to recover the loss in wages during strikes; and finally general summaries for
strikes and for lockouts, by years and industries, and of the principal results for both,
by cities and towns. A summary of the information concerning strikes and lock-
outs during the same period in Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Penn-
sylvania is then presented, and the chapter is concluded with a consideration of the
results of the investigation.
!
90
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Citizens and aliens (107 pages).-This part of the report is based on data supplied by
the Massachusetts census of 1885 relative to the polls, voters, and aliens in the state
during the census year. The brief text accompanying the statistical tables presented
contains explanations and analyses of those tables. Table I shows, for each city and
town, arranged by counties, the number of ratable polls who are voters, not voters,
and aliens, and the nativity of the legal voters. Table II, arranged in the same
manner as table I, exhibits the following percentages: Aliens of polls, polls of pop-
ulation, voters of polls, and voters of population. Table III shows for each city and
town, arranged by counties, by place of birth, the number of males not polls, of
polls not voters, of legal voters, and of aliens; and the percentages of voters, and of
polls not voters, of the total male population of voting age. Recapitulations for the
state are given for each of the three preceding tables. Table IV shows the number of
males not polls, of polls not voters, of legal voters, of aliens, and of total males of
voting age in the state according to place of birth and by age periods. Table V is
arranged in the same manner as tables I and II and presents the number of ratable
polls, and of legal voters, in 1885; the number and percentage of votes cast for presi-
dential electors in 1884, and for governor in 1885. An analysis of the preceding tables
follows, accompanied by numerous short tables, which show the extent to which nat-
uralization has prevailed among foreign born males of different nationalities in Massa-
chusetts, by counties, and for the state, and also, by cities of the commonwealth, the
percentage of foreign born naturalized voters of foreign-born males of voting age in
1885 and in 1875; by cities and large towns, the percentage of foreign born naturalized
voters of total voters in 1885 and in 1875; by place of birth, the extent to which illit-
eracy acts as a bar to naturalization; and the occupations of the alien population,
and of the illiterate aliens, being classified recapitulations of the details as they ap-
pear in the census of 1885. The chapter is closed with a brief consideration of the
indifference manifested by those who have a right to vote, as shown in the percent-
ages of votes cast in the years 1884 and 1885, presented in Table V.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[674 PAGES.]
Relation of wages to the cost of production (83 pages).—This is a textual and statistical
presentation of the results of an investigation to determine the relation which labor
cost bears to the total cost of the product, as shown by the proportion which wages
bear to the other elements of cost. The investigation covers returns, for the cen-
sus year 1885, from 1,615 different manufacturing establishments, in which was
produced 21.91 per cent. of the total product of manufacturing establishments of the
state, and in which was paid 22.76 per cent. of the total amount paid in wages. The
tables give, by industries, for each establishment and for a selected article of manu-
facture of each, the percentages of the total cost of production paid for wages, for
raw material, and for expenses not specified. Analyses of these tables are presented,
including tables which give, for each industry, the number in which the wage cost
for the selected article presented in the tables was higher than the percentage of
wage cost in the establishment as a whole, and the number of establishments in
which the percentage of wage cost in the establishment was higher than that of the
selected article; the aggregate product in each industry of all establishments in-
vestigated and of all establishments of the state in 1885, with percentages; the total
cost of production, total wages cost, and percentage of wages cost of total cost of
production, by industries; and finally a statement of the conclusions summarized
from the tables.
Markets, transportation, imports, exports, and competition (145 pages).-This is a consid-
eration of the returns made from an investigation concerning the principal markets for
the sale of goods manufactured in the state; the cost of transportation, of purchases,
and of manufactured goods; the effect of the importation of foreign made goods on
4.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS.
91
sales; the value of goods exported during the year; and the location of the greatest
competition in the manufacture of goods and in their sale. The investigation em-
braces returns from 7,935 establishments, 33.87 per cent. of the whole number of es-
tablishments in operation in the census year 1885, and producing 68.83 per cent. of
the total product of manufactures of the state. Preliminary tables give, by indus-
tries, the number and per cent. of establishments making returns, and the value of
their product and its per cent. of the total product; and the comparative average
value of product per establishment for all establishments of the state, and for those
making returns.
The tables relating to markets give, by industries, for each market, the number of
establishments, the value of their product, and its percentage of the total product,
with a recapitulation for all industries, by markets, and a consolidation, by markets
classified as home, local, and foreign. The next set of tables shows, by industries,
the respective amounts paid for freight on purchases, and on goods sold, and the
percentage of each amount of the value of the whole product; also, by industries,
the number of establishments reporting as to markets, the number as to transporta-
tion, and the value of the product of each; and for each industry, by counties, cities,
and towns, the location of the principal market, and the cost per ton for trans-
portation. The statistics relating to the influence exerted upon the sales of
domestic manufacture by the importation of foreign made goods are presented,
classified, by industries, under three heads: Sales not decreased, Sales decreased,
and Effect not stated. Under each of these heads the number of establishments
is given and also the value of the annual product. The analysis of these tables in-
cludes a special presentation of each of the twenty industries reporting a decrease
in sales, followed by a brief consideration of the results. A classification of the
replies is also given in detail. The tabular presentations of the information elici-
ted concerning the total value of goods exported during the year show, by in-
dustries, with percentages, and later, by classified percentages, the number of estab-
lishments exporting goods to foreign countries, and the value of goods exported;
also, by industries and with percentages, the comparative value of goods exported
of the total product. In the consideration of the competition experienced by
Massachusetts manufacturers in the manufacture and sale of goods tables are used
which show the states, cities, towns, and counties in which Massachusetts manu-
facturers meet with competition, and the number of establishments reporting com-
petition in each place; also the competition by industries, the competing localities
being arranged in ten classes. The remaining pages present in condensed form the
general results arrived at in the various divisions of this chapter.
Condition of employés (55 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consideration of
the condition of employés in Massachusetts, relating chiefly to relief funds; libraries
and reading rooms; profit-sharing; hired dwellings; rent and board, and dwellings
owned by employés. The greater part of the information presented was derived
from answers to a schedule of inquiries sent to manufacturers throughout the state.
The tables used in this report show the number of cities and towns, arranged by
counties, and the manufacturing and mechanical industries of the state having relief
funds; the names and number of volumes in each of the free public libraries of Mas-
sachusetts in 1885, arranged by cities and towns, and counties, and also the annual
circulation, by locations; the names of the principal donors of library and reading-
room buildings, endowment funds, books, etc., by counties, cities, and towns, and
again, by industries; the number of private firms and corporations having stock-
holders or profit-sharers in their employ, with the number of each, by counties and
also by industries; the number of establishments reporting that their employés have
opportunities for adding to their regular earnings by extra work, or by premium
work; the number of proprietors of establishments reporting that they own houses
in which their employés live, and the number of such tenants; the average amounts
charged for the yearly rental of tenements of two, three, and four rooms; the average
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-SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
!
:
1
amounts charged, by the week, for board in corporation boardinghouses; partial
statistics concerning dwellings owned by employés; and the number of cooperative
banks in the state, the number of shares in force, the number of members, and the
total assets from 1884 to 1889. The text which accompanies each of the tables con-
tains analyses and general explanations and comments.
The growth of manufactures (115 pages). This is a statistical account, with brief
textual comments, of the growth of the manufacturing industry of Massachusetts.
An abstract of the contents of the historical review of wages and prices from 1752 to
1860, which appeared in the report of this bureau for 1885, is first given, followed
by a table taken from the census of 1885, showing, by industries, the date of the
establishment of existing firms aud corporations, with recapitulations for all indus-
tries by years and by periods of years. The next division of the chapter is composed of
tables which give, by industries, for each establishment, the date of the adoption of
its present name; a description of the goods made and the kinds of work done, and
the name of its founder. The growth of manufactures is then shown by compara-
tive industrial statistics taken from the censuses of 1845, 1855, 1865, 1875, and 1885.
The tables show, by industries, for each of these years, the number of establish-
ments; the capital invested; the value of stock used; the number of persons em-
ployed; the wages paid; the motive power (horse power); and the value of the goods
made; and each table is followed by an analysis. The remainder of the chapter is
devoted to comparisons of the statistics, previously presented, regarding the census
years 1875 and 1885, concluding with a summary of the general results.
Classified weekly wages (41 pages).-This part of the report deals with classified
wages paid in the establishments in the different industries of Massachusetts,
arranged in classes according to the different rates. The tables presented are based
on material derived from the state census of 1885, and they cover the classified
weekly wages paid to 248,200 employés, nearly two-thirds of the total number of
employés engaged in manufacturing and mechanical industries in the state. A pre-
liminary table shows the percentage of employés in each industry, for whom wages
are reported, of the total number of persons employed; after which are tables which
show, for each industry and for the state, by classified weekly wages, the number of
males and of females, each receiving specified wages, and the percentage of each
such number of the total number for whom wages are reported. The thirteen remain-
ing pages are devoted to an analysis of these statistics, including a table which pre-
sents the percentages of operatives, for whom wages are returned in each wage
class of the total number of operatives in each classified industry.
Daily working time (73 pages).—This is a textual and statistical presentation of the
information obtained from the establishments engaged in manufacturing industries
in the state, for the purpose of determining the length of the present working day
in Massachusetts. The first set of tables shows, for each industry, by classified daily
working hours, the number of women and minors, of adult males, and of all persons
on Saturday; also the percentage of each such number of the whole number reported.
The analysis of these tables includes a table, which presents the whole number of
establishments in each industry, the number employing women and minors and male
adults, respectively, and the average daily working time for women and minors and
for male adults; also the average working time on Saturday. The second division
of the chapter relates to the longest and shortest daily working time for male adults,
and the average daily working time for all persons from May to November, and
from November to May. A statistical presentation is given for each industry, by
classified daily working time, with numbers and percentages, similar to the first set
of tables. The analysis which follows contains a statement, by industries, of the
average longest daily working time, and the average shortest daily working time for
male adults; also the average number of hours per day from May to November, and
from November to May for all persons employed; and, in conclusion, a statement is
made of the general results arrived at by means of the investigation.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS. 93
Women in industry (83`pages).—This is a textual and statistical consideration of the
presence of women in industry from two standpoints: First, as partners and stock-
holders in manufacturing and mechanical industries; and, second, as employés in
gainful pursuits in all branches of industry. The first table, in the first division of
the subject, presents, by industries, the number of male partners in manufacturing
industries of Massachusetts, the number of female partners, the number of estates
engaged as partners, and the total number; also the respective percentages for the
three classes of partners specified. The second table contains the corresponding
information concerning stockholders; and the third is a combination of the two pre-
ceding tables. Analyses follow each presentation.
In the consideration of women as employés tables are presented which show the
number and percentage of women employed in each of twenty occupations for each
of the three census years, 1865, 1875, and 1885, and also the percentages of increase
or decrease; the increase of the employment of women in twenty-one principal
occupations in 1885, as compared with 1875; by occupations, the number and percent-
age of each sex engaged in all kinds of gainful pursuits in the year 1875, the same
for the year 1885, a comparison of the percentages of females for both years, and
also a statement of sex preponderance in the two years; by occupation in detail,
the number of occupations in which men only are employed, women only are em-
ployed, or both sexes are employed, with recapitulations by classes of occupations.
The next 13 pages contain statistics relating to the conjugal condition, age, and
place of birth, of the women engaged in all branches of industry in Massachusetts.
The tables relating to the conjugal condition are reproduced from the census of
1885, and show, by industries, for each sex, the number of single persons and of mar-
ried persons in the manufacturing industries; a comparison in percentages; and
the increase or decrease in the employment of married females in 1885 over 1875.
The tables relating to ages show, for females and males separately, first, for each of
the eleven principal classes of occupations, the number in each age period; the per-
centage of the number in each age period of the whole number; and, by age periods,
the percentage of those persons over 10 years of age engaged in gainful pursuits.
The place of birth of women in each industry is shown by classes of occupations,
with the number and percentage born in each place specified; also the percentages
of the female population, 10 years of age and over, engaged in gainful pursuits, by
place of birth. The remainder of the chapter is devoted to a consideration of the
preceding presentations, and a statement, in condensed form, of the general conclu-
sions arrived at. In this consideration are included tables showing the age periods
of women engaged in housework; the number of women in each industry unem-
ployed during 1885, by occupations in detail; the number of births and marriages in
Massachusetts from 1850 to 1885, by census years; the number of marriages each year,
and the average age of bridegrooms and of brides, from 1871 to 1888; the number of
divorces from 1869 to 1888, by causes; the comparative death rates for males and
females, by census years, from 1865 to 1885; and the births, marriages, and deaths in
fifty cities and towns in 1885, and a comparison of the same with 1875.
Index to reports, 1870-1889-twenty years (47 pages).—This is a chronological arrange-
ment of the contents of each of the reports of the bureau, and a topical and alpha-
botical index to all the reports combined.
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[662 PAGES.]
Introduction (7 pages).
Labor laws of Massachusetts (112 pages).-These two divisions of the report are de-
voted to a compilation of the laws of the state that directly affect the interests of
wageworkers, the introduction embodying the legislation enacted by the legislature
during the session of 1891. They embrace the following subjects: Acts relating to
fines for improper weaving; to the employment of prisoners; providing for weekly
payment of wages; relating to mechanics' liens; to employment of minors anable to
94
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
read and write the English language; regulating the hours of labor of county em-
ployés; prohibiting the manufacture and sale of clothing made in unhealthy places;
relating to the education of children; regulating the employment of children; pro-
hibiting intimidation of employés; relating to liability of employers for injuries to
employés; regulating the hours of labor of women and children; Sunday labor; pro-
viding for inspection of factories and public buildings; for the safety of employés in
factories and on railroads; relating to cooperative associations; providing remedies
for labor, etc., furnished for construction of railroads; relating to trustee process;
to attachment of wages; to mechanics' liens and liens upon vessels, etc.; exempting
certain property from taxation; providing for exemption from execution; relating to
payment of wages by cities; securing wages in cases of insolvency; relating to lia-
bility of stockholders for wages; requiring vaccination of employés in factories; pro-
viding regulations respecting railway employés; relating to cooperative banks; cre-
ating the bureau of statistics of labor; prohibiting the sale of liquor to a person,
after special notice; providing cheap transportation to workingmen near Boston;
relating to labor of married women on their own account; to importation of labor-
ers; requiring seats for female employés; relating to relief societies of railroad and
steamboat employés; to the sounding of bells, whistles, and gongs in factories;
prohibiting use of unsafe elevators; providing for evening schools; relating to lia-
bility of railroads for causing death of employés; prohibiting the locking of factory
doors during working hours; relating to instruction in schools in the use of hand
tools; providing for free textbooks in public schools; requiring safety couplers for
freight cars; incorporating the Improved Dwellings Association; requiring means
of communication between engineers' and machinery rooms; providing for weekly
payment of wages; exempting the wages of seamen from attachment; authorizing
corporations to issue special stock to employés; requiring accidents in factories, etc.,
to be reported; providing for arbitration of labor disputes; for health of employés
in factories and workshops; prohibiting employment of children in cleaning.
dangerous machinery; providing for proper ventilation of factories and workshops;
for proper meal-times for women and children in factories; making labor day a legal
holiday; to facilitate voting by employés; tổ prevent illegal peddling and begging
by certain minors; abolishing the convict contract system; defining Contract for
the labor of prisoners; relating to building and loan associations; to district police;
authorizing the incorporation of labor and trade organizations; regulating the erec-
tion and construction of certain buildings; limiting the age of children employed in
factories, etc.; relating to state directors in the Collateral Loan Company; to taxation
of cooperative banks; requiring fire escapes for factories; requiring doors and win-
dows in factories, etc., to open outward; prohibiting the employment of women and
minors between certain hours; relating to schooling certificates of children employed
in factories; incorporating certain building companies; and constituting nine hours
of labor a day's work for all workingmen employed by the state, a city, or a town.
Population of Massachusetts, 1890 (63 pages). This part of the report presents in a
series of tables, each accompanied by a complete analysis, statistics of the popu-
lation of the state. The first table gives the population, by counties, cities, and
towns, for the years 1880, 1885, and 1890, with the number and percentages of increase
or decrease. Other tables give the number of towns showing an increase or a de-
crease in the population in 1890 as compared with 1885; the population of the state,
by congressional districts, for 1880 and 1890; the population of cities and towns
within a radius of 8 and of 12 miles of the state house; the rank of all the cities
and towns in the state, upon the basis of population; the percentages of increase
or decrease in the population of the state and counties at different census periods;
the population of Boston for a number of years running from 1638 to 1890, and the
population in 1880, 1885, and 1890 of the cities and towns which lead in the manu-
facture of textiles, boots and shoes, metals and metallic goods, leather, paper and
paper goods, and furniture,
1
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MASSACHUSETTS.
95
i
Abandoned farms (81 pages).-The information presented in this part of the report has
been compiled from the returns of the several town assessors and aims to determine
the location, extent, and value of abandoned farms in Massachusetts. The statisti-
cal tables, each followed by an analysis of the subject, show, by counties and towns,
the total acreage of abandoned farm land, the assessed valuation and the estimated
market value of such farms, the acreage and value of all farm land in comparison with
the acreage and assessed value of abandoned farms, the comparative values of agri-
cultural products and property, the comparative acreage of cultivated land, and the
comparative growth in agriculture and manufacture in towns reporting abandoned
farms in which manufactures outrank agriculture.
Net profits in manufacturing industries (372 pages).—For the purposes of this investi-
gation all the various manufacturing industries have been classified under 64 in-
dustry heads, covering in all 10,013 establishments, and representing 69.21 per cent.
of the total value of products manufactured annually in the state. The information,
based upon returns from the manufacturers themselves, is presented in a series of
tables, followed by full analyses and recapitulations intended to supplement the
tabular presentations. These tables give for each industry separately the number
of establishments with the amount of capital invested; the classified capital by de-
tails; the selling price of the goods made; the cost of production; the relation of cost
of production to the selling price; the distribution of excess of selling price above
cost of production, showing the relation of net profit to selling price and to capital
invested; and the comparison of earnings and profits, in which the earnings of em-
ployés of private firms are brought into direct comparison with the profits of part-
ners in private firms, and the earnings of employés in corporations are compared
directly with the net profits of stockholders in corporations. Under recapitulation
of cost of production is included an interesting table showing the relation of
wages to the cost of production. Other tables show the possible financial returns
to employés, if different plans of dividing the amount derived from the business
had been put in operation. In conclusion, the principal facts derived from the fore-
going tables are presented in a summary, by industries, followed by a review of the
general results of the investigation and a final consideration of the subject.
TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.-[607 PAGES.]
Introduction (7 pages). The introductory part includes the labor legislation
enacted since the publication of the preceding annual report. These laws relate
to the employment of women and minors for the purpose of manufacturing; provide
a form of complaint for violating the provisions of the aforesaid act; relate to the
payment for labor performed on buildings or public works owned by cities or
towns; to the employment and schooling of children; to the hours of labor of minors
and women employed in manufacturing and mechanical establishments; and to the
duties and compensation of expert assistants appointed by the state board of arbi-
tration and conciliation; provide a penalty for intimidating laborers; and probibit
the deduction of wages of employés engaged at weaving.
A tenement house census of Boston (579 pages).-This entire report is devoted to a
presentation of the results of an investigation relative to the population residing in
rented tenements in the city of Boston. The report is mainly tabular, the text con-
taining little else than analyses of the tables. The first tabulation, covering 360
pages of the report, presents in detail the number of tenements to a house and the
number of rooms to a tenement; the number of families having specified number of
rooms; the population residing in said rooms, by sexes; the whole number of rooms
in all tenements considered, with the average number of persons to a room. These
statistics are presented by precincts, with a number of recapitulations and summaries,
by wards, and also for the whole city. This is followed by information concerning
rents. The first table exhibits average monthly rents for tenements of a specified
number of rooms, showing also the average rent per room and the number of families
96
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
}
A
in occupancy of such tenements, by wards and precincts, with recapitulations. A
table relating to 646 houses or estates reported to be in a bad sanitary condition, gives,
by wards and precincts, the assessed valuation of the land and buildings separately,
the annual rental, and the percentage of annual rental of combined valuation of land
and buildings, with a recapitulation. Another table exhibits the number of houses
in the city owned or rented, by wards, showing the number of tenements in rented
houses, the population in rented houses and boardinghouses, the number of families
in rented houses, the average number of persons to a family in rented houses, with
the average number of persons to each rented house.
-
- Other short tables show the comparative growth of the population in different dis-
tricts of the city with the increase in houses, in 1875 and 1891; and the total number
of dwellings with families in occupancy thereof, in 1890, and the average number of
persons to a family, in 1880 and 1890, in each city in the United States containing a
population in excess of 400,000, from data derived from the United States census.
MICHIGAN.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1884.-[217 PAGES.]
Origin of the labor bureau (3 pages).—This gives an extract from the governor's mes-
sage recommending the establishment of the bureau, and a copy of the act creating it
and defining its powers and duties.
Introductory (9 pages).-A copy of each blank sent out, and the letter of transmittal
are here given.
Penal institutions (42 pages).-Under this head are given statistical tables concerning
the cost of maintenance of the state penal institutions and their inmates, and a
textual consideration of the tables, of the origin and workings of the different penal
institutions, of the different methods of employment of criminals and of the causes
of crime. The tables give the amount expended at each state penal institution for the
period 1836 to 1861, and for each year, from 1861 to 1882; the occupations and salaries
of the officers and employés of each institution; and the number and general nativity
of inmates of each, by periods of four years, from 1839 to 1882; the number committed
to each, up to and including 1882, by previous occupations and by offences; the num-
ber received at each during different periods by number of terms served, the num-
ber received at the state house of correction in 1880, by terms served and ages; the
number received at the Detroit house of correction, from 1862 to 1882, by years and
localities; the number received at different penal institutions, by age periods and
years; the number of days' labor performed under existing contracts in the state
prison and the revenue derived therefrom during the years 1878 to 1882; the prison
contract and free labor cost of manufacturing four grades of brooms; the number of ·
days' labor performed and days lost at the Ionia house of correction, each year, from
1879 to 1882; the receipts of the same institution for the same years, by sources;
and the causes of the crimes resulting in commitments to the eastern Pennsylvania
penitentiary during 1881.
Labor organizations (23 pages).-This is a textual account of the origin and principles
of the principal labor organizations in the United States.
Wageworkers, their earnings, etc. (97 pages).-This subject embraces statistical
tables giving the number of laborers making returns, in separate tables for each sex,
classified by occupations and amount of wages received; also by nativities, occupa-
tions, and marital relation; by occupation, showing the number that are natives of
Michigan and the number that are natives of other states or countries, classified ac-
cording to the number of years at present occupation, and if foreign, also by num-
ber of years in the state; the number of foreigners, by occupations, in separate tables
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-
97
MICHIGAN.
for each nationality, showing length of time in the United States, in Michigan, and
in present occupation. Tables also give, by occupation and nativities, the number of
males boarding, renting or owning houses, taking newspapers, etc., with summaries
by nativities and occupations, by nativities and ages, and by occupations and ages;
the number of children employed, by occupations of fathers, by sex, age periods,
and nativity of parents, and the number of fatherless children, by sex, age periods,
and occupations of mothers. Returns from employers give the number of employés
receiving certain wages, by occupations and hours of labor; the wages paid farm
laborers, by seasons of the year and counties and townships, with a summary show-
ing the number receiving certain wages; and tables showing the salaries paid by the
state, by the city of Detroit, by Wayne county, and in the army.
Conditions (22 pages).—This chapter consists of a brief textual consideration of the
conditions of labor in the state, and miscellaneous statistical tables showing the in-
crease in population in the state and the increase in the number of farms, from 1870
to 1880, by counties; the number of acres of improved and unimproved lands in 1882,
for certain counties; the increase in assessed valuation of property, from 1872 to 1883,
by townships and cities of Wayne county; the population of the state, number sup-
ported in poorhouses or temporarily relieved, and permanent paupers not in poor-
houses, and amount expended on them each year, from 1870 to 1880; immigration into
the state, by age periods and sex, in 1883; the number of voluntary applicants for ad-
mission to prisons and their previous occupations; the capital, number of employés,
and products of farms and manufacturing industries, from the census of 1880; ex-
ports in 1883; dividends paid by the Lake Superior copper companies in 1881; amount
of copper shipped by the Quincy Mining Company, the yield of refined copper, re-
ceipts, dividends, expenses, number of employés and their earnings, the cost of pro-
duction per pound, average selling price and profit for the years 1863 to 1882, and
general statistics of the company.
Miscellaneous (4 pages). This treats briefly of the collection and publication of
statistics, including recommendations by the commissioner.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1885.-[447 PAGES.]
Introductory (10 pages).—This is a letter of transmittal, giving the difficulties under
which the bureau labored in getting out the report, and copies of blanks used during
the year.
Decennial census (5 pages).This embraces a table showing the cost of taking the
state census for 1884, by counties, and a copy of the act of Massachusetts providing
for taking the decennial census and the industrial statistics of the common wealth.
Strikes and combinations (43 pages).-This chapter gives accounts of strikes, pools,
and combinations occurring during April, May, June, and July, 1883, clipped from
local newspapers; a brief sketch of the Hocking Valley (Ohio) strike in 1884, as given
by the commissioner of the Ohio bureau in reply to an inquiry made; a notice of the
Oscoda and Au Sable strike in 1884; under the heading Boards of arbitration several
articles from the North American Review, including one on Corporations, their
employés and the public, by Carl Schurz; another on Lords of industry; and ex-
tracts from the Manual of political economy, by H. Fawcett, M. P.
Child labor (55 pages).-This embraces a textual and statistical consideration of
child labor in the state and in the United States and of manual training in public
schools. The text embraces an article by John S. Clark on Industrial education from
a business standpoint, and extracts from other articles or addresses; and a copy of
the Massachusetts laws regulating the employment of children, payment of wages
under special contracts, prohibiting intimidation of employés, and relating to the
liability of employers for injuries to employés, inspection of factories, etc. Statistical
tables, compiled from the school censuses of certain localities, from the United States
census reports, and from available school reports, give, by ages, the school popula-
13400—————7.
98
7
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
!
tion of Detroit for 1883 and 1884, and the number attending public or private schools,
the number attending no school, and number at work; the same for East Saginaw,
from 1874 to 1881, and for several other cities and counties for 1883; the occupations of
659 children of Detroit, between the ages of 7 and 14; a comparison of the population
and school attendance of 44 cities of the United States in 1870 and 1880; the population
and average school attendance of Great Britain, by years, from 1851 to 1882, and of
Ireland, from 1865 to 1882; the total number of persons employed and number between
10 and 15 years of age in the United States in 1870 and 1880, by three groups of in-
dustries, and the increase and per cent. of increase of each; the same for 50 cities
and for Detroit. The tables also show, as the result of a canvass made, the number
of children under 17 years of age employed in Wayne county, by occupations; the
number receiving certain classified wages; the occupations, ages, parental relations,
and time employed, by sex, of children employed in Detroit and Grand Rapids; and
the same by classified wages received.
Wageworkers (237 pages).-The information under this head is given chiefly in sta-
tistical tables, presenting separately for each city and county canvassed the number
of workingmen making returns, by ages, and in some cases by nationalities, showing
also the number owning homes, or renting rooms, and their conjugal condition; the
ages and occupations of 663 females; the number of workingmen, their occupa-
tions and the number of rooms occupied; the number of workingmen, by occupations
and monthly rental paid, and by wages received and occupations; and the same in-
formation for Wayne county, by nationalities, number in family, and number of rooms
occupied. Tables also show the distribution of 974 children employed in Wayne
county with reference to daily rate of fathers' wages; for a number of employés
making returns, the occupation, location, and wages received, separately for each
sex. A table shows the number of hours constituting a day's work at Au Sable
and Oscoda. Other tables show the prices of different commodities and the quantity
of each that one dollar would buy in 1860 and 1881; the highest and lowest prices of
commodities, by years, from 1825 to 1882, taken from the American Almanac for 1884;
the number of employés in certain industries, the time actually worked, the possible
working time, and time lost; the irregularity of employment in several building
firms; for four decades, the average number of persons to a dwelling and to each
family, by states named, and for 49 cities in 1870 and 1880; the death rate in Detroit,
by wards and age periods, in 1884. Employers' returns give the locality, industry,
occupation, and wages received by employés. A textual article from the North
American Review, January, 1885, by Richard J. Hinton, on Labor organizations,
gives the names and membership of various labor organizations within the United
States, and another article gives an account of the window glass workers' strike
in September, 1882.
Ownership of real estate (52 pages).-This chapter embraces statistical tables, with
textual comments, compiled from returns made by assessors, giving, by counties and
townships, the number of persons and companies owning land, the number of acres
owned, with assessed valuation, the number of acres rented, with valuation, and
the number of rented farms; the number of acres owned by each one of 205 non-
resident land owners, and the assessed valuation thereof; the proportion of land
held by residents and non-residents of Marquette county; the distribution of real
estate in various localities of the state, with number of owners, population, and
gross value of property in each; and the number and amount of mortgages on prop-
erty in Detroit, held by both residents and non-residents, given from 1875 to 1883,
inclusive, which were not discharged prior to 1884.
Agriculture, manufacture, and mining (6 pages).-This comprises miscellaneous statis-
tical tables, giving general agricultural and manufacturing statistics of the United
States for 1870 and 1880; the comparative value of products of farms and manufac-
tures for 1870 and 1880; the annual production, acreage, value per bushel, total value,
yield per acre and value per acre of cereal crops of the United States, by years, from
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS MICHIGAN.
99
1868 to 1878; the present capital and gross dividends declared by 43 New England
manufacturing companies, for 12 years, ending 1882; the product and value of copper
of the Lake Superior mines, by years, from 1854 to 1882, and of upper península iron
mines and furnaces, by years, from 1872 to 1882; the number of miles of railroad
operated in the United States, the gross earnings and the dividends paid, by years,
from 1871 to 1882; the length of lines, messages sent, expenses, etc., of the Western
Union Telegraph Company, by years, from 1868 to 1888; and the amount of bank
deposits in the United States in 1876 and 1882, by kind of bank.
National conventions of chiefs of bureaus of labor (28 pages).-This gives a statement
of the proceedings of the first and second annual conventions of the chiefs of labor
bureaus, and embraces a synopsis of an article by Prof. Sanborn on Labor and
statistical problems of the farm, and a copy of the joint report made by the chiefs
and commissioners of the various bureaus of labor of an investigation of the economic
experiment conducted by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The sketch includes
the history of Pullman, the methods of construction, a table giving its growth in
population, and a brief discussion of wages, rents, expenses of living, health, etc.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1886.-[413 Pages.]
Third annual convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor, 1885 (81 pages).-This presents a
textual report of the proceedings of the meeting and embraces the following papers:
Influence of invention upon civilization, by Chauncey Smith; Statistics of consump-
tion, by Edward Atkinson, which contains tables giving the average cost of food for
nine persons, mostly Irish, in a boarding house, and for a French Canadian family
in Massachusetts; Chemistry and economy of foods, by Prof. W. O. Atwater, which
contains tables showing the weight of compounds in the human body, the percentages
of different substances in various foods, percentages of indigestible matter in foods,
the comparative cost of protein in foods, comparative amounts of nutrients and their
cost in foods, standards of daily rations for persons of different ages, etc.; and an
address by Carroll D. Wright on the Work of the United States Bureau of Labor.
Strikes in Michigan, March 1 to December 1, 1885 (52 pages).-This part of the report
gives a mainly textual account of the strikes occurring in the state during this pe-
riod. Tables compiled from data collected by special agents for the strike of mill
hauds in Saginaw valley, give for 77 saw and shingle mills and for 58 salt blocks
affected by the strike, the number of men and boys employed prior to the strike,
the number of employés, men and boys, and their wages, by occupations, the num-
ber of employés, by nativity, and a summary showing average wages and frequency
of payment of wages. It also contains copies of laws regulating the hours of labor
of employés, prohibiting the intimidation of employés, and a general consideration
of arbitration of labor disputes.
Testimony of wageworkers (38 pages).—This chapter gives a textual and statistical
tabulation of replies received in response to circulars sent to laborers. The tables
give for various numbers of individuals their ages, nativities, the number of persons
dependent upon them for support, their wages, by groups, their hours of labor, the
occupations of wageworkers working over ten hours, the number paying certain
rents, in detail, and the average retail prices of commodities in 1885, in each of sixty-
nine counties of the state. Textual extracts from returns of assessors are also given.
Wages and wage-earners (229 pages).—This comprises statistical tables based on re-
turns from supervisors and from circulars sent out, treating of the wages of farm
laborers, railroad employés, and employés in manufacturing and other industries of
the state, in three separate chapters. The tables for farm laborers give the average
wages paid regular farm laborers, with and without board, and average time em-
ployed, by counties and congressional districts, with summaries showing the num-
ber receiving certain classified wages; the number of farms and number of acres im-
proved and unimproved, for the years 1882, 1883, and 1884; the acreage and amount
100
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
of wheat raised and number of sheep owned in the state in 1885, by congressional dis-
tricts, and the average wages of farm hands. Tables from consular reports give farm
wages in sixteen foreign countries in 1884, and the cost of living of a German farming
family. Tables for railroad employés give the total number of railroad employés in
the state, by roads and by occupations, and wages received. Other tables from con-
sular reports give average wages on railroads paid in foreign countries in 1884, by
occupations. Tables for manufacturing and other industries, as a result of a special
canvass, give, in two series, the one for manufacturing industries and the other for
business houses, by location and industry, the number of employés, by sex, and
whether under or over 16 years of age, their hours of labor, savings, nativity, sani-
tary and civil condition, the number owning or renting houses, etc., with summaries,
by localities and occupations; the number of laborers, by industries, whether over
or under 16 years of age, and classified daily wages received, with a summary, by
sex; and the number of employés, by counties and industries, as reported by the su-
pervisors of the state, their sex, wages, hours of labor, number of days lost and sani-
tary condition of place of employment, etc.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[282 PAGES.]
Convict labor (233 pages).—This consists of a mainly textual consideration of the
general problem of convict labor in the different states and in Michigan. It is di-
vided into a number of chapters, giving state legislative action, a description of
penal institutions and systems of prison labor in Michigan, the result of interviews
with prison officials and contractors secured by the commissioner in visits to the
penal institutions of a number of states; reports from various states, showing the
different systems for the employment of convicts and the length of time in force;
the results of interviews with wardens of Michigan prisons relative to contract
labor; the replies from manufacturers of goods similar to those made in Michigan
prisons to questions sent out by the bureau requesting their views in regard to
prison labor; prison labor as discussed by wardens, prison officials, and prison re-
formers at the National Prison Congress, held at Atlanta, Georgia, in November, 1886;
conclusions regarding convict labor competition; and an appendix giving a brief
sketch of the National Anti-Convict-Contract Association. There are fourteen full-
page illustrations, showing views of corridors, workshops, cells, etc., of various penal
institutions. Throughout the text are various short tables. For Michigan are given
the number and the character of the work of prisoners in the state prison in 1886,
and the number assigned to each contractor; the total product of prison labor, and
a recapitulation of the terms of the contracts; the number and the kind of work of
prisoners in the house of correction and reformatory at Ionia in 1886, and a state-
ment of existing contracts; the same for the reform school at Lansing; the number
of girls at the industrial home, Adrain, by age, and number on ticket of leave; the
quantity of goods manufactured in the Detroit house of correction each year, from
1881 to 1885; the occupations, number employed, and on what account, of prisoners
in penal institutions of Michigan, in October, 1886; prices paid for convict labor and
the total product of goods; the number of convicts at work by various systems in
the manufacture of the same goods as made in penal institutions of Michigan, by
states and occupations; a comparison of the total number of prisoners working in
penal institutions of Michigan, with the total number of prisoners working in 22
other states, by systems and kinds of goods made; and the number of prisoners
received at the different penal institutions of the state and number of times com-
mitted, by age periods and terms of service. Fourteen other part-page tables give
for various institutions in different states miscellaneous information concerning
the number of inmates, the goods manufactured, and contract prices, among
which are three tables giving for the prisons whose wardens answered the cir-
cular, the location of the prison, the year opened, the first system of working
&
Myou
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MICHIGAN.
101
prisoners, the number of years in force, why abolished or changed, and the system
now in force; the number of convicts engaged in manufacturing goods similar to
those made in Michigan prisons and in institutions in other states replying to circu-
lars, by age periods, sex, and kinds of goods made; and the class of goods, the mar-
ket value, and the amount sold in Michigan by prisons in other states manufactur-
ing the same goods as manufactured in Michigan prisons.
Child labor (36 pages).—This presents a statistical treatment of the employment of
children in the state, based mainly on returns of special canvassers for the principal
manufacturing centers of the state. Circulars were, however, sent to manufactur-
ers, answers to which give, by industries, the daily wages of children, by sex and
ages; the number of establishments of each kind in which children were employed,
the schooling of the children, their hours of labor, etc. Returns from canvassers
give, by cities and industries, the number of establishments, number and wages of
children, by ages and sex, their schooling, hours of labor, etc., and a recapitulation
for all places canvassed. Extracts from the law relating to the employment of chil-
dren, with recommendation for additional legislation are also presented.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.-[438 PAGES.]
Introductory (5 pages).
Ownership, acreage, valuation, and mortgage indebtedness of farms, etc. (82 pages).-This
chapter contains six tables based on data collected by the supervisors directly from
the farmers, in making the assessments of their respective townships in April, 1887.
They give for each township (except a few not reported) the number of farms, the
number occupied by owners, the number occupied by tenants, the assessed valuation
of farms occupied by each, the number of farms mortgaged, and of those not mort-
gaged, the valuation of each, the number of acres improved or unimproved, the
amount of the mortgage indebtedness, the average rate and amount of interest
paid annually, the number of laborers employed, the average number of months
employed, and the average monthly wages; the same by counties, giving also the
average number of acres in farms, the percentage of the amount of mortgages to the
total assessed valuation of farms mortgaged, and of all farms; the assessed valuation
of farms, by counties, and the mortgage indebtedness of farms; the total interest
paid and the annual interest per acre on improved lands mortgaged; the estimated
mortgage indebtedness and total assessed valuation of farms in 1886, with the average
rate of interest as reported, and amount of interest paid annually, based on the
average rate reported for 1887; a recapitulation, by counties, showing the number of
farms and number of acres improved and unimproved occupied by owners and by
tenants, the average number of acres to a farm, the average number of employés,
and their average wages; the number of mortgage foreclosures and number of
redemptions, number of sales on levy of execution and number of redemptions as
reported from records of each county, for the year ending July 31, 1887; and the num-
ber of farms in each county, classified by size.
Nativity of farmers, and comparative prosperity, by nationalities (263 pages).-This divi-↓
sion of the report contains a statistical table based on the same data as the fore-
going, giving, in 252 pages, by counties and townships, the number of farmers, by
nationalities, their average length of time in the United States, the number bringing
money and the amount brought, the assessed valuation of farms and the amount of
mortgage indebtedness; and other tables giving, by counties, recapitulations of the
same, showing also the number of Americans owning farms, the valuation of and
mortgage indebtedness on their farms; and also, by counties, the number in each
nationality owning and occupying farms.
Summary by counties, and conclusions (41 pages).-This comprises a textual summary
of the two foregoing parts, by counties, with extract from the law of California relat-
ing to taxation of deeds of trust, mortgages, etc.
Strikes and lockouts in Michigan (38 pages).-A table is here presented, from the Third
Annual Report of the United States Bureau of Labor, 1887, giving a list of strikes and
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SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
lockouts in the state, by years, from 1881 to 1886, and by industries, showing for
each strike or lockout its locality, cause, whether ordered by an organization, the
number of establishments involved and the number of days they were closed, the
date and duration, the result, the losses to employers and to employés, the number of
employés, by sex, their hours of labor and wages before and after the strike or lock-
out, and the number of strikes, etc. A textual account of strikes and lockouts occur-
ring in the state in 1887 is added.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[319 PAGES.]
Introductory (3 pages).
Statistics of the fire clay, slate, coal, grindstone, gypsum, building stone, and copper indus-
tries (221 pages).—Under this heading are given separate statistical tables for each
of the above-named industries, obtained by personal canvass of workingmen, giving,
for each man interviewed, his occupation, age, nativity, nativity of parents, how
long in the United States if foreign born, whether married or single, the number of
children, the number dependent upon him, the number of years at present occupa-
tion and with present employer, the number of months employed, his hours of labor,
wages, earnings, whether paid in cash or by trade, the frequency of payment,
amount of savings, his wages compared with former wages in this country and in
the old country, whether having money at interest or in bank, the amount of money
brought with him into this country, the value of his home if any, amount of mort-
gage and rate of interest, whether as well off as five years ago, his loss of time and
the causes therefor, whether renting his home or boarding, with amount of rent or
price of board, whether life is insured, whether belonging to a benefit society and
amount of the benefit, whether owning a sewing machine or piano or taking a paper,
age at beginning work, health then and now, amount of relief rendered friends in
the old country, and the amount furnished them for passage to this country.
Preceding each table is a written summary of statistical information.
Summary, by nationalities (5 pages).-Two summaries of the foregoing tables give,
by nationalities, substantially the same information as above.
Comparison, by nationalities, of wages in the old country with wages in Michigan (19 pages).-
The above subject contains tabular statements, by nationalities, showing for each
foreign born workingman his occupation and wages received in his native country
and his occupation and wages in Michigan, based on reports previously mentioned.
Sixth annual convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor statistics, May 22, 1888 (63 pages).—
This comprises a textual report of the proceedings, the report of the secretary giving
a list of labor bureaus, and contains the following papers: Suggestions for work, by
Edward Atkinson; Proposition to establish a registrar-general's office as an execu-
tive department of the United States government, by Prof. Wm. W. Folwell;
Practical aspects of the labor question, by John Lamb; the Bread line, by Matt J.
Simpelaar; Industrial education, by James H. Smart; Settle the apprenticeship
question by inaugurating industrial schools, by T. V. Powderly; and Some moral
and economic consequences of using labor-saving machinery, by Albert S. Bolles
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[394 PAGES.]
Introductory and general summary (10 pages).
The furniture manufacturing industry of the state (305 pages).-This comprises a sta-
tistical inquiry concerning the furniture manufacturing industry of the state,
based on visits by special agents to 78 factories and on interviews with the men
employed therein, their answers to inquiries being recorded on blanks furnished
by the bureau. There are 24 tables, divided into three divisions, of 8 tables each,
for the city of Grand Rapids, for Detroit, and for all cities and villages outside
Grand Rapids and Detroit, in order to compare the condition of villages and large
cities. Three tables, one for each division, give, by companies and occupations, the
testimony of each workingman interviewed, showing his nationality, conjugal rela-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MICHIGAN.
103
tion, number in family, number supported, number of months employed, time lost,
the causes for loss of time, his wages, the total annual family earnings, the amount
of money he had on arrival in the United States, if foreign born, his family expenses
during the year, the amount saved, the amount at interest or in bank, whether he
owns a home and the value of the home owned, the mortgaged indebtedness of the
home, if any, whether he rents rooms, the monthly rental, whether he owns a
sewing machine and musical instruments or takes a newspaper or periodical, and
the amount of life insurance and benefit provided in case of death, sickness, or acci-
dent. Three other tables give summaries of the foregoing information, by establish-
ments. Three tables give, by establishments and age periods (under 15, 15 to 19, and
over 19), the number of persons interviewed, the average number of months em-
ployed, the average annual earnings, the number supporting families, the number of
persons supported, the total family expense and average expense per capita. Three
tables give, by establishments, the number of men having families, number and per-
centage owning and renting houses, total annual earnings, expenses, the amount
paid for rent and the percentage which such amount is of earnings and of family
expenses. Three tables for those over 19, those between 15 and 19, and those under
15 years of age, give, by establishments, the number foreign born and the number
native born, the number having foreign born parents and the number having native
born parents, their average age at beginning work, kind of work, and the number
who can read or write. Three final tables give employers' reports of the number of
employés, the aggregate wages paid, and wholesale value of goods manufactured
during the fiscal year. A general summary or synopsis gives, in 82 pages of text,
returns for each firm and summaries for each of the divisions treated of in the tables.
Law establishing bureau of labor and industrial statistics (2 pages).
Seventh annual convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor statistics, June 25, 1889 (66 pages).—
This gives a textual report of the proceedings, embracing a list of labor bureaus then
established; the address of the president, Carroll D. Wright; reports of work
being done by various bureaus; a paper by Charles F. Pidgin on Statistical tabula-
tion by machinery; a table giving for the United States and for various foreign
countries the average earnings of a skilled blacksmith, his hours of labor, earnings
for 10 hours' work and the purchasing power of his wages in four staple commodi-
ties in the United States and in foreign countries; a paper by Mr. Betton, commis-
sioner of the Kansas labor bureau, on the Dressed beef monopoly, being a textural
and statistical inquiry whether the price of meats has or has not increased in
consequence of the meat business being in a few hands; and a sketch of the growth
of the meat industry. Tables give the price of meats at Armour's, Chicago, in 1889,
and at local butchers' shops, for the years 1879, 1881, and 1889; the number of sheep,
swine, and cattle in the United States in 1870 and 1880, and in the principal cattle-
raising states in 1880 and in one of the years 1884, 1886, 1887, or 1888; also the price
at the Kansas City stock yards of steers and hogs, from 1878 to 1889; receipts at the
same yards, from 1880 to 1888; receipts of cattle at Chicago, from 1885 to 1888; and
the current price of beef cattle and beef products at Kansas City, in December, 1885
and 1888. The report of the work being done by the New York bureau includes a
table giving for 1886, 1887, and 1888, the number of establishments engaged in strikes
in the state, the number of persons involved in them, the number refusing to work,
the loss of wages, cost to labor organizations, estimated gain in wages and loss
to employés.
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.-[475 PAGES.]
Introductory and general summary (13 pages).—This gives a textual description of the
methods pursued in making the investigation.
Information from employés in agricultural implement and iron-working industries (451
pages).—This report gives statistical tables concerning 8,838 workingmen, employed in
201 shops and manufacturing institutions in twenty-five cities and villages in the
state, the information being obtained by employés of the bureau, who, in person,
L
104
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
visited all the shops and factories enumerated, and secured directly from each working-
man the facts desired. These tables give, by cities and establishments, returns for
each individual questioned, showing his occupation, age, nativity, the nativity of his
parents, his conjugal condition, the number of children, the number at school, and the
number supported by him, his hours of labor, the number of weeks lost, the causes for
loss of time, his weekly wages and annual earnings, his family expenses, the amount
saved, the amount paid for board, whether he owns a home, the mortgaged indebted-
ness, if any, whether he belongs to a benefit society, whether his life is insured; if for-
eign born, the number of years he has been in the United States and the amount of
money he had on arrival in the United States, and the amount of property he now has,
etc. The tables for each town and city are followed by a textual summary giving
totals, averages, and percentages. A general textual summary gives the same for all
cities. Other tables give the totals of the general tables, by towns and by nationali-
ties; and by towus and cities, the number native and foreign born, the number born
of American parents, the number born in the United States of foreign parents, the
total and average number of weeks employed, the total annual and average annual
earnings of those 19 years of age and over and of those under 19 years of age.
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1892.-[492 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages). This part reviews the work done by the bureau during the
past year.
Text of report (9 pages).—This gives a short analysis of each chapter of the report.
Following the analysis, in two pages of text, is given a copy of the act creating and
defining the duties of the bureau of labor and industrial statistics as amended by the
session laws of 1891.
Wage tables of women wageworkers (188 pages).-The information under this head is
given chiefly in statistical tables, based upon data obtained by the agents of the
bureau from 13,436 workingwomen, employed in 137 different industries and 378
occupations, in the cities of Detroit, Grand Rapids, Saginaw, Bay City, Jackson,
Muskegon, Lansing, Ypsilanti, Owosso, Pontiac, Rochester, Belding, Three Oaks, and
Wyandotte.
Tables, arranged by industries and occupations, show separately for each of the
above-named cities, the number of workingwomen reporting, the daily, weekly
and yearly average wage income, the average yearly expenses as paid out of the
wages, and the average savings; the daily and weekly hours of labor, the time
of beginning and quitting work, and the time allowed for dinner; the state of health
for the past year and also at the time of their beginning as a wage-earner, with
the number reporting accidents; and a detailed statement of the surroundings of
the working women when resting from their work, with summaries.
Other tables show the conjugal condition, nationality, and nationality of parents;
the sanitary condition of the factory or workshop; the time lost, and the cause
thereof; the length of time at work at present and past occupations; the number
who own homes and personal property, the amount of mortgage on each home, if
any, and the rate of interest paid; and the number who rent rooms, and the monthly
rents paid, with summaries.
The text contains analyses of the tables, remarks on the general condition of the
working women in each of the cities canvassed, and several pages devoted to remarks,
comments, and suggestions of the workingwomen, pertaining to the individual life
of each. Interspersed throughout the chapter are four full-page engravings, giving
views of the spooling and soft silk winding room, the assorting room, the winding
room, and the spinning and doubling room, in Belding Bros. and Co's silk mill, at
Belding.
Detroit mortgage tables and ownership of real estate (50 pages).-The mortgage tables
show the number and amounts of city mortgages held by residents and non-residents
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MICHIGAN.
105
of the city of Detroit, each year, from 1884 to 1890, with recapitulations for each
year.
There is also given a table showing the number and amount of mortgages held by
residents of Detroit upon property in various counties of the state, for the years
1884 to 1890, inclusive.
Other tables show the number of real estate owners in the city of Detroit and the
amount owned by each, with a recapitulation for 1891 and comparison with a simi-
lar table for 1884, the assessed value of real estate, the amount of mortgages filed,
the amount of mortgages filed upon values under $1,500, and the percentage of the
same to the whole mortgage indebtedness, etc., each year, from 1884 to 1890.
Land values (104 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consideration of the
values of city, farm, and other lands in the state. Tables are given showing, by
counties and townships, the acreage and value of bare land, the value of improve-
ments thereon, and the value of personal property; the number of acres to each
farm for two representative townships in Shiawassee county, with value of bare
land, value of improvements thereon, and the estimated market and assessed value;
the assessed value of property in 62 cities and towns, and their population, with the
average amount of real estate and personal property to each individual; the growth
of the state, by separate industries, and their comparative growth, from 1880 to 1890;
the profits, by separate industries, and their influence upon concentration of wealth,
and the corresponding fall of farm industry; and the area in acres, and the assessed
valuation and population, by cities and by counties, for the upper peninsula. To pre-
sent the information on land values and taxation in a condensed form, a number of
diagram circles are used, each one showing the land value and tax matter in a dif-
ferent relation. Other tables show the divisions, assessments, and market values of
land in Detroit, with maps of the divisions; give statistics for railroads in Michigan
for 1891, and United States railroad statistics for 1889; and exhibit the railroad acci-
dents to passengers and to railroad employés in the United Kingdom, each year,
from 1874 to 1890. The text includes a history of the movement to tax railroad prop-
erty; a paper by Thomas G. Shearman, on Taxing personality, read before the joint
committee on taxation of the Ohio legislature in 1889, and a summary on taxation,
farm labor, and capital.
Strikes (44 pages).—This part is divided into three sections. Section I is a general
review of the strikes that occurred among the workingmen in the state during the
past year, with details of the most important ones. Section II gives a brief account
of the most important strikes that occurred throughout the United States during
the year, and a simple mention of the numerous minor ones. Section III is a nota-
tion of foreign strikes.
Miscellaneous statistics (17 pages). -This gives statistical tables showing the average
yield of wheat per acre in the United States and various foreign countries; the
small holdings in Great Britain not exceeding 50 acres, in 1885 and 1889; the rental
and ratable value of Loudon, each year, from 1874 to 1891; the rate of taxation per
$1,000 in the city of Detroit, by years, from 1884 to 1891; the annual expenditure and
amount of debt per capita of various American and European cities; a comparison
of recent censuses in the United States and foreign countries; the legalized expen-
ditures for borough and county members of the English parliament; the nativities
of persons arrested in Grand Rapids and Saginaw; the number of persons arrested
in Detroit for the year ending January 31, 1891, their occupation, nativity, and
cause of arrest; and the number arrested in Detroit, with classified causes of arrest,
for the years 1885 to 1890. There is also given a diagram, taken from the almanac
of the English Reform Association for 1892, showing Ricardo's theory of rent as
expounded by Henry George; this is followed by comments on the tables.
Compendium of the Michigan labor bureau reports (23 pages).-This is a complete ré-
sumé of all the Michigan labor reports from the establishment of the bureau up to
the present date.
106
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Labor laws (12 pages).-This gives a compendium of the national law to prevent for-
eign immigration under contract; the text of the Ohio law providing for the creation
of free public employment offices in the cities of Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus,
Dayton, and Toledo; and the text of the laws of the state regulating the hours
of labor of employés and children; requiring suitable seats for female employés;
providing for the protection of employés; requiring blowers to be used with emery
wheels and belts; providing for incorporating trade and labor organizations; relat-
ing to homestead executions; to the protection of females against execution; to the
protection of labor debts from stay of execution; to mechanics' and other liens upon
real property; to proceedings against garnishees before justices of the peace; and to
the employment of mine inspectors.
MINNESOTA.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT, 1887 AND 1888.-[269 PAGES.]
Introduction (7 pages).—This gives a textual consideration of the duties and lines of
work of a labor bureau and a copy of the act creating the Minnesota bureau.
History and objects of labor bureaus (54 pages).-Under this head are given three
papers: Growth and purposes of bureaus of labor; Study of statistics in colleges;
and History of the Massachusetts bureau of statistics of labor, by Carroll D.
Wright. This last gives a copy of the act creating the bureau, the names of its
officers, the expenditures of the bureau since its organization, in detail by years, the
number and cost of all its publications and their contents, and a list of books in
the bureau library.
•
Sixth annual convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor, 1888 (65 pages).—This gives a tex-
tual report of the proceedings. It embraces a list of labor bureaus, with the date of
establishment of each, and the following papers: Suggestions of work, by Edward
Atkinson; Proposition to establish a registrar-general's office, by Prof. William W.
Folwell; Practical aspects of the labor question, by John Lamb; Industrial educa-
tion, by Prof. James Smart; Settle the apprenticeship question by inaugurating
industrial schools, by T. V. Powderly; and Some moral and economic consequences
of using labor-saving machinery, by Albert S. Bolles. Also, extracts from a paper
by Mr. Bert. Stewart, of Illinois, on Work and the methods of doing it. Each
bureau made a report as to what work was being done by it.
Wage-working women (66 pages).-This chapter gives a textual and statistical con-
sideration of the condition of workingwomen, based on personal visits and inter-
views with the wage-working women, the employment agencies, and the employers.
The remarks of employers and of employés concerning the conditions surrounding
domestic service are given at length. The question of board and rooms is treated
textually, and the rent of various rooms given. Tables give, for those women in-
vestigated, classified by employments, their ages, nativities, nativities of parents,
the number of years at school, their ages at leaving school and causes for leaving,
their conjugal condition, hours of labor, wages, length of time employed, the num-
ber who save money, their objections to housework, the average cost of board, etc.
A summary gives the average wages of women, by occupations.
Cooperative industry (56 pages).—This gives a textual account of various cooperative
industries in the state. Especial attention is given to cooperation among the coopers
of Minneapolis, to profit-sharing at the Pillsbury mills, and to the erection of a labor
temple. A compilation of the state laws on cooperative associations is also given.
Strikes (9 pages).-This embraces a textual account of thirteen strikes and two boy-
cotts occurring in the state during 1887 and 1888.
The necessity for statistics (4 pages). This treats of the necessity and utility of gath-
ering statistics, including an extract on the same subject from the opening address
of the National Farmers' Alliance.
་
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MINNESOTA.
107
SECOND BIENNAL REPORT, 1889 AND 1890.-[377 PAGES].
Introduction (6 pages).—This contains a general consideration of the utility of sta-
tistics, and of the proper duties of a bureau of labor statistics.
School attendance (143 pages).—This chapter gives a comprehensive textual and sta-
tistical consideration of the different problems connected with the education of chil-
dren both in the state and in the United States. The text embraces discussions of
compulsory education, half-time schools, truancy, etc., and is largely made up of
lengthy quotations from reports of school officers and prominent educators, and par-
ticularly of extracts from the report of the United States Commissioner of Educa-
tion for 1887-'88. It includes a brief history of the growth of and attendance upon
voluntary and board schools of England since the passage of the elementary edu-
cation act of 1870; extracts from the special report on certain points connected
with elementary education in Germany, Switzerland, and France, made in 1886 to
the education department of England, by Matthew Arnold; a copy of the address
of A. W. Crecraft, before the State Educational Association of Indiana, on Com-
pulsory education; and an address by Oscar H. Cooper, of Austin, Texas, before
the National Educational Association, 1890, on Compulsory laws and their enforce-
ment. Tables, and accompanying remarks, taken from the report of the United
States Commissioner of Education for 1887-'88, give, by states and geographical
groups of states, the total population, the density of population, the population
between 6 and 14 years of age; the number of school children enrolled, the increase
or decrease over the preceding year, and the proportion of the number enrolled to
the total population and to the school population; the average daily attendance at
public schools, the total attendance in days, the average length of the school year,
the number of pupils enrolled in private schools, etc.; and a summary, by states,
geographical divisions, and classes according to population, of comparative statis-
tics of enrollment, attendance, teachers, and sittings in schools of cities and towns
containing over 4,000 inhabitants. Other tables for the state, compiled by the
bureau from teachers' term reports to county superintendents, give for each county
and city, separately, from which returns could be received, including parochial
schools, the number of pupils enrolled, by ages, and the total and average number
of days of attendance, with summaries for the state, exclusive of cities of 3,000 inhab-
itants and over, and for 19 cities, and the totals for all ages for each county and
city. The percentages of the school population attending school, and the percent-
ages of adults who can read, in most of the European countries and in the United
States, Mexico, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Ontario, are also given.
Child labor (80 pages). This chapter gives a textual consideration of the whole
problem of child labor, and a textual and statistical treatment of child labor in the
state, based on inquiries made by the bureau. The text includes a short review of
English legislation, and a synopsis of the factory act of 1878, so far as it applies to
textile factories, from the report on the Factory system of the United States, by
Carroll D. Wright, tenth United States census, 1880; copies of the acts of Mas-
sachusetts regulating the hours of labor, the employment of children, and the
inspection of factories and public buildings, etc.; quotations from two essays on
Child labor, by William F. Willoughby and Miss Clara de Graffenried, published
by the American Economic Association, and a consideration of the increase in the
employment of children as shown by the tenth United States census, 1880, with short
tables showing the increase in the number engaged in all occupations, compared
with the increase in population; the increase in the employment of women, and of
children under 15 years of age, compared with the increase of the number engaged
in all occupations; and the net and percentage increase from 1870 to 1880, of
males over 16, of females over 15, and of children engaged in gainful occupations.
The tables for the state give, according to occupations as far as canvassed, in sepa-
rate tables for boys and girls, the number of children employed, by age, by occupa-
108
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
tion of father, by age at commencing work, and by educational condition; also their
average hours of labor, average wages, whether their parents are living or dead, the
total and average number of months worked, and the total and average number of
months attending school, by occupations, with a separate table for each city can-
vassed.
Manual and technical training (67 pages).-This part of the report gives a compre-
hensive textual consideration of the question of manual training. It includes ex-
tracts from numerous addresses; a copy of a paper on manual training in gram-
mar grades, by Superintendent Bradley, of the Minneapolis public schools, read before
the annual meeting of the National Educational Association; the quoted opinions of
prominent English educators; cuts illustrating lessons in woodworking, designed
for use in high schools by W. F. Decker, supervisor of manual training, Minneapolis
public schools; a copy of a paper by T. V. Powderly, entitled Settle the apprentice-
ship question by inaugurating industrial schools, read at the sixth national conven-
tion of chiefs and commissioners of labor statistics; also a lengthy extract from a
paper on Manual training, by President Smart of Purdue university, Indiana, read
at the same meeting, containing illustrations of engines and a forge made by students
of the Purdue university; specimens of courses of instruction in manual arts and
cooking in different schools; a list of cities whose public schools have incorporated ·
manual training in some of its forms into their courses of study; and a brief history
of each of the four manual training schools that have been established in Minne-
sota, by their respective heads.
Workingmen's earnings and expenses (45 pages).-Under this head are presented sta-
tistical tables which give, by industries and classes of occupations, the number of men
reporting, classified by their daily wages, and for each class, the number of months
employed, their loss by short hours in winter, and total annual earnings; and for each
class, by occupations, the average number of months employed, the average rate of
pay per day while employed, and for 312 working days, and the average annual earn-
ings, with a recapitulation, by occupation, for foremen and for journeymen sepa-
rately. Workingmen's expenses are indicated by quoting the prices of food stuffs,
boots and shoes, rents in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, and of fuel in detail.
Mine inspection (5 pages).—This gives a textual account of the condition of mines at
Ely, as inspected by the commissioner of the bureau, with a list of accidents occur-
ring during the first six months of 1889.·
Labor laws (17 pages).-This gives a compilation of the laws of the state regulating
the hours of labor of women and children; providing for licensing employment
offices; regulating the hours of labor of railroad employés; relating to liability of
railroads for injury to employés; establishing a bureau of labor statistics; provid-
ing for the employment of convicts; requiring employers to provide suitable seats
for female employés; relating to attachment of wages and to mechanics' liens;
providing for the protection of railroad switches, etc.
MISSOURI.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1879.*-[108 PAGES.]
Introduction (20 pages).-This consists of general text, embracing a copy of the law
creating the bureau; an account of its operations and methods of work; copies of
blanks sent out and number returned, and brief mention of existing bureaus of
labor, with their dates of organization.
Agriculture, its inducements (27 pages).—The information under this head is given
chiefly in three statistical tables, 14 pages in length, based on returns from both
*The title page says: For the year ending January 1, 1880.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MISSOURI.
109
employers and employés in 103 counties of the state. These tables show, by coun-
ties, the number of acres of cleared uncultivated land and its price per acre, the
acres of timber land, the rent per acre for small improved farms, the general qual-
ity of the land, the principal productions of farms and the nearness to a market or
shipping point, the prices of farm stock, the number of men who can find employ-
ment as farm laborers, and the average monthly wages of those employed. A textual
statement follows, based on returns from county clerks, showing the terms of sale
for land, the rates of interest, and the inducements offered to families with small
capital to locate on farms in the respective counties of the state.
Wages, earnings, and employment (53 pages).-Under this title are presented a series
of statistical tables, based on returns from employers and employés, and classified
under five heads, viz: Building trades, Iron industries, Manufactures, Mining, and
Miscellaneous. Employers' returns show, by subdivision of the foregoing classifica-
tions and by establishments, the number of skilled and unskilled employés, their
weekly wages and hours of labor, the time employed, the amount paid for wages,
etc., during 1879, and the average reduction of wages since 1872; also, capital,
wages, value of product, and cost of production in various industries. Employés' re-
turns show, by similar classes of industries, the weekly and yearly earnings of em-
ployés, the yearly expenses, the hours of labor, the number in family, the number
of days lost during the year, and the weekly wages of the same classes of labor in
1872. This is followed by a complete recapitulation of both classes of returns.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1880.*-[284 PAGES.]
Wages and modes of payment (27 pages).-This embraces a mainly textual consideration
of wages in the state and their method of payment, company stores, etc. A one-page
table gives, by industries, the number of returns and the method of payment of wages,
whether in cash, scrip, checks, store orders, etc., and the frequency of payment.
The laws of New Jersey and Ohio relating to payment of wages are also quoted.
Earnings and expenses (13 pages).-Under this head are given statistical tables based
on returns from 147 families, giving, by individual returns, the occupation of the head
of family, number in family, earnings of head of family and of other members, and
expenses in detail, with a recapitulation for all families; the percentage of reduction
in cost of rent, fuel, groceries, and clothing since 1873 in various localities of the
state; and the prices of the necessaries of life in foreign countries and in New York,
Chicago, and Saint Louis, in 1878.
Rents (18 pages).—Under this head are presented statistical tables, giving for 209
families, their residence, number in family, number of rooms occupied, yearly rent
paid, earnings of the family, and per cent. of earnings paid for rent; and other tables
giving, by localities and families, classified according to size, their income, income per
capita, rent paid, and number of rooms occupied. Recapitulations give the tables
for all families in each table, and averages for a single family.
Pecuniary condition of workingmen (8 pages).-This gives textual extracts from work-
ingmen's returns showing their financial condition.
Mining coal, lead, and iron (37 pages).-Under the above heading is given a textual
description of the condition of mining and of mines in the state. It includes a
description of the visits of the chief of the bureau to various mines, and a general
consideration of mine safeguards, of the inspection of mines, of miners' wages and
homes, and includes the text of the law regulating the working of mines in the state
of Indiana.
Sanitary condition of workshops and factories, and diseases incident to in ard out door labor
(13 pages).—Comprises a textual consideration of the sanitary condition of work,
and of diseases prevalent and incident to the various occupations.
Child labor and the apprentice system (12 pages).-This is a textual consideration of
the employment of children in the state, and a short table compiled from returns to
* The title page says: For the year ending January 1, 1881.
+
M
}
110
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
''''
the bureau giving, by industries, the number of establishments, and the number of
boys and of girls under and over 14 years of age, respectively, employed therein,
and their hours of labor.
Fire escapes, accidents by machinery, etc. (11 pages).-This topic embraces a textual
and statistical consideration of the need of fire escapes and of safeguards against
accidents by machinery. The tables give employers' returns showing the number
of stories in each of 49 factories, the number of employés working on each story,
and the means of escape in case of fire; employés' returns of the condition of their
places of employment as regards fire escapes, and two short tables giving, by occu-
pations, the number of returns and number of employés by length of time in present
employment, and the number reporting the introduction of new machinery, with
its effect on the number of employés and on wages.
Hours of labor (17 pages).-Under the above heading is given a textual consideration
of the hours of labor, extracts from the opinions of employers and employés regard-
ing the proper number of hours for labor; and statistical tables giving, by occupa-
tions, the number of returns, the average hours of labor, the number of days worked
during the year and the number of days necessary to do the same work at eight
hours a day labor, and a table showing, by industries, the number of employers and
the number of employés in favor of or against a reduction of hours of labor.
Trades unions, strikes, and arbitration (13 pages).-Under this topic is comprised a
textual consideration of trades unions in the state, strikes, and arbitration; and
extracts from returns of officers of trades unions concerning their numbers, wages,
etc., and of replies of manufacturers regarding arbitration as a means of settling
disputes with employés.
Cooperation (7 pages).-Presents a textual consideration of cooperative enterprises
in the state and a list of grange stores and cooperative associations incorporated
under the general incorporation law of the state.
Convict labor (17 pages).-Embraces mainly a textual consideration of the employ-
ment of convicts in the state. Illustrative tables give appropriations for the state
penitentiary, from 1883 to 1889; the number of prisoners received and discharged each
year, from 1836 to 1878; the number of convicts employed in 1880, by place of employ-
ment; the amount of work on ladies' shoes per day in prison and out; the product of
shoes and amount paid for labor by a firm in Saint Louis; the prices of saddletrees and
price for making the woodwork, for the years 1870, 1875, and 1880; and the price paid
for labor in the Saint Louis house of refuge.
Opinions and suggestions by workingmen (8 pages).—This topic embraces extracts from
opinions of workingmen regarding a variety of subjects relating to labor.
Farming (34 pages).—This embraces textual extracts from returns of farmers, aud
statistical tables covering 187 farms, giving, by the number of return and locality,
the number of acres in the farm, the assessed value, the number of acres under cul-
tivation, the value of crops and the cost of raising the crops; the number of hired
men, their wages per month, and the extent to which farming machinery is being
introduced; how often and in what the laborers are paid, whether in cash, order, or
produce, and their hours of labor; whether women and children are employed iu
field work, and if so, the character of such work, their hours of labor, and the
opportunities of the children for schooling.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1881.-[62 PAGES.]
Report (15 pages).-Gives a textual description of strikes occurring during the year
in the state; a table showing the highest and lowest wages paid in different occu-
pations in the state, and a brief textual consideration of apprenticeship and insurance
societies among workingmen, and a statement of the retail price of coal in Saint
Louis in 1881.
Washington university, Saint Louis (36 pages). Under this heading is given a descrip-
tion of the polytechnic and manual training departments of Washington university,
1
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MISSOURI.
111
giving the courses of study pursued each year, the daily programme of studies, and
a description of the shops, tools, etc., with general statements of results achieved,
the cost to scholars, etc.
Brewing (4 pages).-Consists of a description of the brewing business, showing the
number of breweries, the value of products consumed, the value of the product, the
number of employés, etc.
Appendix-Reports of county clerks (1 page).—This comprises a statistical table, based
on returns from the county clerks, giving the assessed valuation of real estate and
personal property, the number of acres of improved and unimproved land, number
of miles of finished railroad, amount of bonded and floating debt, amount of tax col-
lected in 1880, etc. These returns are incomplete, only 53 clerks having complied
with the request of the bureau.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1882.-[152 PAGES.]
Blanks, issued by the bureau, reports of employés and manufacturers and employers,
labor and capital, child labor, trades unions, strikes, cooperation, etc. (56 pages).-Short
textual considerations are given of the following subjects: Labor and capital, child
labor, trades unions, the policy of strikes, cooperation, and employers' and employés
returns on various subjects. These are followed by suggestions and recommenda-
tions for remedying some abuses affecting wageworkers.
Table of average wages of wageworkers (5 pages).-A table gives the average daily
wages in the different occupations reported in the state.
Tabulated returns from wageworkers (38 pages).-A statistical table has been compiled
from wage workers' returns giving, by individuals, their residence, occupation, con-
jugal condition, number in family, hours of labor, wages and the frequency of their
payment.
Remarks and suggestions of workingmen reported in their own words (10 pages). —A table
gives, by individuals, the occupation and a brief statement concerning it by each.
Remarks of employés implicated in strikes, 1882 (5 pages).—A short table giving, by in-
dividuals, their occupation, the cause and result of the strike engaged in, and time
lost, as reported by each.
Appendix: Factory laws of England (5 pages).—A summary of the English labor law-
with reference to factories and workshops is here presented.
Pensions and benefit societies in industrial establishments (6 pages).-This is an account
of the experiment made by three firms in New York in pensioning their employés.
Reports of county clerks (10 pages).—These consist of a statistical table which shows,
by counties reporting, the assessed value of real estate and of personal property,
the number of miles of railroad in operation, the amount of taxes collected, the in-
debtedness, the number of acres of improved land and the average assessed value
per acre, and the number of saw and grist mills, etc.
Coal mine inspectors' reports (6 pages).-This gives the reports of mine inspectors of
Bates and Ray counties, showing number of mines in operation, number of employés,
amount of product, etc.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1883.-[157 PAGES.]
Proceedings of the national convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor, 1883 (43 pages).-This
is a textual report of the proceedings of the convention held at Columbus, Ohio,
September 25 and 26, 1883, including a report by each bureau of its organization,
methods of work, etc. The report for Massachusetts is most elaborate; it gives
statements of receipts and expenses in detail since its organization, a list of all
publications issued, the contents of its reports, and a list of books in the library
of the bureau.
Labor laws (23 pages).—This is a compilation of the laws of the state relating to
labor,
...
112
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Mine inspectors' reports, 1882 (45 pages).-Under this title are given textual reports
of inspectors of mines as to the condition of mines visited, and statistical tables
giving a tabulated statement of mines inspected, showing their condition and capac-
ities, the number of employés, average price of coal, etc., and analyses of various coals.
Railroad statistics (7 pages).-Consist of statistical tables based on returns from five
railroad companies, giving, by roads and occupations, the number of employés and
their average salaries.
Street railways (12 pages). This topic comprises statistical tables giving for each
road of Saint Louis, except two, the number of employés, by occupations, their
average wages, and hours of labor.
Miscellaneous (8 pages).-This embraces tables showing the wages of various indi-
viduals, by occupations, average wages, by occupations, and a financial statement of
the expenses of the bureau to December 1.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1884.-[316 PAGES.]
Proceedings of the second annual convention of labor commissioners, 1884 (19 pages).—Un-
der this head are given brief minutes of the meeting, containing the acts of Maryland
and Iowa creating bureaus of labor, and a copy of the memorial of the convention
to Congress urging the passage of the bill introduced by Hon. S. S. Cox in regard
to the tenth and subsequent censuses.
Pullman, Illinois (24 pages).—Under this title is given a joint report by the chiefs and
commissioners of the various bureaus of labor of an investigation of the economic
experiment conducted by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The sketch includes its
history, methods of construction, tables giving its growth in population, strength
of religious denominations, and statistics of causes of deaths, and a brief discus-
sion of wages, rents, expenses of living, health, etc.
The printing industry (6 pages). This topic embraces statistical tables giving the
number of returns received, by locality; the number of employés and their average
weekly wages, by occupations; and the number of employés, their hours of labor,
and their weekly wages, by occupations, in Ohio, in 1883.
Farm statistics (33 pages).—Consists of an address by Prof. J. W. Sanborn on Labor
and statistical problems of the farm, read at the second annual convention of
chiefs of bureaus of labor; and statistical tables showing the yield per acre of
wheat in various states and foreign countries; a table for each congressional dis-
trict of the state, showing retail prices of provisions; the supply of laborers and the
monthly wages paid them; and a comparison of prices of provisions in and outside of
Saint Louis.
Street railways (19 pages).-Under this head are given statistical tables based on
reports from street railway companies in all the cities of the state, except Kansas
City, giving, in separate tables for each road, the number of employés and their aver-
age wages, by occupations, with a general summary, by roads and occupations. A table
from the Ohio report of 1883 gives, by employments, the wages and hours of labor of
street railway employés in the four principal cities of Ohio.
Railway statistics (4 pages).—Under this topic is given a statistical table showing
the number and average wages of employés of the Saint Louis and San Francisco
Railroad.
Labor laws (28 pages).-This is a compilation of the laws of the state relating to
labor: regulating hours of labor; providing for arbitration of labor disputes; relat-
ing to the employment of apprentices; to liens against railroads; to mechanics'
liens; providing for the health and safety of employés in coal mines; prohibiting the
employment of women and children in coal mines; and providing for payment of
wages in legal tender.
Wageworkers (39 pages).-Under this title are embraced statistical tables based on
returns from 298 workingmen in the various cities of the state, obtained through per-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MISSOURI.
113
sonal visits, giving the number of persons employed, the occupations, the size of
room in which employed, the number of accidents, the conjugal condition, number
in family, average weekly wages, whether paid in cash or otherwise, hours of labor,
whether assisted by wife and chidren, the number of children going to school,
whether member of a trades union or a benevolent society, etc. A summary shows,
by occupations, the average annual expenses, in detail, of a number of families, with
the annual earnings of the head of the family and of others in the family, and
whether earnings were greater or less than expenditures.
Manufacturers in the state outside of cities (27 pages).-Here are given statistical tables
based on returns from 188 employers, giving the location and business of firms, the
number of their employés, the number of children employed, by sex, the average
weekly wages paid, hours of labor, time establishment was open during the year,
accidents, whether there were strikes, and their causes and results, and a description
of the buildings occupied.
Employers' returns (17 pages).-These embrace statistical tables based on returns
from 115 employers of wage workers in Saint Louis, giving the same information as
in the preceding table, and in addition thereto, giving the kind of supervision ex-
ercised over the employés, the number that have been taught in manual training
schools, and whether boys-and girls and men and women work in the same room.
Manual training school (14 pages).—Under this topic is given a paper by Prof. C. M.
Woodward, of Washington university, Saint Louis, on the Fruits of manual train-
ing, first published in the Popular Science Monthly.
Imports and building improvements (7 pages).—Under this topic are presented statis-
tical tables giving, by months, for 1884, and by years, from 1874 to 1884, inclusive, the
number and value of brick and frame dwellings erected in Saint Louis, and the
value of all commodities in detail imported, during 1881, through the customhouse
at Saint Louis.
Unemployed labor of Saint Louis (3 pages).—This is a brief statement of the number of
the unemployed of Saint Louis, most of whom are skilled laborers, based on informa-
tion furnished by the Post-Dispatch, and gathered through its system of carriers.
Child labor (14 pages).-Presents a textual consideration of the evils of child labor,
including an abstract of the English factory act of 1878, and a copy of the New
Jersey act regulating the employment of children.
Mine inspectors' report 1884 (31 pages).-These are textual reports of the county mine
inspectors, a statistical table showing the earnings and expenses in detail of ten
coal miners, and a table giving a description and the capacity, etc., of a number
of mines of the state
Convict labor (10 pages).—Under this head is given a textual statement of the result
of an investigation made by the New York labor bureau, containing short tables
giving expenses and earnings, by years, from 1854 to 1882, inclusive, of the New York
state prisons; and the terms and duration of existing contracts for convict labor in
Missouri.
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1885.-[253 PAGES.]
Strikes (12 pages).—This is a textual account of the various strikes occurring in
the state during the year 1885.
Harsh and unnecessary conditions imposed on the workingmen (6 pages).—Harsh and un-
necessary conditions imposed on workingmen are briefly considered, illustrated by the
rules and regulations of a relief society of a great Saint Louis industry.
Boycotting (2 pages).—Consists of a table taken from Bradstreet's which gives, by
industries, the number of boycotts and their results for the years 1884 and 1885.
Arbitration (9 pages).—Under this heading is given a textual consideration of the
subject, containing the text of the Ohio act providing for arbitration.
Cooperation (36 pages).-This cubraces a general textual consideration, containing
an article taken from Age of Steel on cooperation; and extracts and tables taken
13100
-S
114
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
"
from a report by Carroll D. Wright, in the Massachusetts labor report of 1886, on
distributive cooperation, giving an account of the progress of cooperation in the
principal countries of the old world. The tables give the number and annual sales
of cooperative societies in Great Britain; statistics of the Rochdale Equitable
Pioneers showing their membership, funds, amount of business done, and their prof-
its, by years, from 1844 to 1867; a table of departments added to their original plan of
dealing in staple groceries; their balance sheet for 1884; a comparison of the
number of societies in 1872 and 1883 in England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland,
and their percentage of increase; the names of cooperative productive societies in
Great Britain, their date of establishment, and nature of business done, their yearly
sales and profits, and the method of dividing profits; a list of cooperative societies
in Paris with the dates of establishment, the amount of capital subscribed and paid
up and válue of work done; the number of cooperative societies in Germany, by
their classes; a list of cooperative societies which have been established since 1876
in the Netherlands; and a table showing the progress of the Arlington Cooperative
Association at Lawrence, Massachusetts, by sales, profits, expenses, etc.
Female employés (2 pages).-This consists of a copy of the recent act of the state
regarding female employés.
Child labor (1 page).--Takes up one page of text commenting on child labor.
Printing industry (9 pages).-Presents reports from several newspaper establish-
ments, giving their capital, products, average number of employés, the wages and
hours of labor, the amount of raw material used; a report of the Saint Louis Typo-
graphical Union No. 8; and a few remarks on convict printers.
Wageworkers (16 pages).—Under this heading are given statistical tables based on
returns from individual employés, giving their occupations, average wages per day
or week, and hours of labor. Also tables showing the comparative wages, by occupa-
tions, in Missouri, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and California; the relative productive
capacity of operatives in the cotton, wool, and silk industries in the United States,
Great Britain, and Germany, and a comparison of the earnings and cost of living, in
detail, of wage-workers in Missouri, Great Britain, and Germany.
Manufactories (14 pages).-Consists of two statistical tables; the one compiled
from the tenth census of the United States, giving for Missouri, by mechanical and
manufacturing industries, the number of establishments, the amount of capital,
the average number of employés (men, women, and children), the amount paid
out in wages, and the value of the product.and of the raw material consumed; the
other giving returns from a number of firms, showing the name, location, charac-
ter of business, amount of capital invested, value of yearly products, and of raw
materials consumed, the number of employés (men, women, and children), the wages
and hours of labor, and number of weeks the establishments were in operation.
Coal mine inspectors' reports (39 pages).—This embraces reports of several county coal
mine inspectors, describing each mine separately, a few of which contain short tables
giving the quantity of coal produced in 1885, the number of mines, the average price
for mining, etc. A general table shows the coal production of Missouri, by mines, the
amount of capital invested, the number of miners employed, the total amount paid
in wages during the year, the average wages paid per ton for mining, etc.
Lead mines (4 pages).-This gives in textual form returns from one mine operator.
Convict labor (6 pages). This consists mainly of two statistical tables giving the
terms of existing contracts for convict labor in 1885, the number of men contracted for,
and the number and percentage of prisoners in the state prison, according to their
terms of sentence.
Railroad statistics (11 pages).-Under this topic are given six statistical tables based
on reports made by a number of roads, showing, in separate tables for each road, the
number of employés, by occupations, and their average wages.
Street railway reports (13 pages).-Statistical tables, based on reports made by eleven
roads in Saint Louis, Kansas City, Saint Joseph, Hannibal, and Joplin, give in sepa-
12
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MISSOURI.
115
rate tables for each road, by occupations, the number of employés, with average
wages and hours of labor.
Fire department of Saint Louis (1 page).—A statistical table showing the number of men
employed, wages, etc.
Missouri labor laws (38 pages).-This consists of a compilation of Missouri laws relating
to labor; regulating hours of labor; the employment of apprentices; relating to
liens against railroads; to mechanics' liens; providing for the health and safety
of employés in coal mines; prohibiting the employment of women and children in
coal mines; providing for payment of wages in legal tender; requiring employers to
provide suitable seats for female employés; providing uniform rules for measuring
masonry work, etc.; regulating the weighing of coal; requiring employers to give
thirty days' notice before reducing wages; and relating to the inspection of mines.
Statistics of consumption, by Edward Atkinson, read before the third annual convention of
commissioners of bureaus of labor (19 pages).—A paper relating mainly to the wasteful-
ness of laborers in the kind of food purchased. Two tables show the food expendi-
tures of an Irish and a French Canadian family.
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1886.-[465 PAGES.]
Recommendations (5 pages).
Arbitration (17 pages).-A brief consideration containing copies of the acts of New
Jersey, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and of England on the subject.
Mines and mining (59 pages).-This embraces reports of the county coal mine in-
spectors concerning each mine separately, containing, in cases of a few mines, short
tables showing the coal production of the mine, the number of men employed, the
amount of capital invested, etc. A general table shows the coal production of the
United States by years, from 1880 to 1885, and by states and territories. A synopsis
of mining laws of the various states is added.
Convict labor (78 pages).-This topic presents statistical tables taken mainly from
the report of the bureau of labor statistics of Illinois, concerning convict labor in
the United States, and a textual statement, ten pages in length, of the recent action
of other states in regard to convict labor. A general table first gives, by states, in-
stitutions, and occupations, the prison population of the country, by sex, the number
idle, and number at work, by method of employment (contract, piece price, lease, or
public account). Recapitulations give the same by states alone and by institutions.
Other tables give prices paid for convicts under contract system, by states, and institu-
tions, by industries and institutions, and in 31 penal institutions for 57 branches of in-
dustry; also the prison population, whether employed or idle, by sex, according to
institutions; the total number employed, by sex and occupations and by skilled or
unskilled labor; the occupations of 51,034 convicts before incarceration; reports
from penitentiaries giving, by states and location, the number of prisoners, the
number of guards and keepers and their wages, the system of employment of con-
victs and cost to the state, and statements of terms of existing contracts in Missouri
institutions.
Profit-sharing (4 pages).-Under this heading is given a brief textual statement of
the experiment in profit-sharing, made by the N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Company
of Saint Louis.
Statistical tables (57 pages).-Under this topic are presented statistical tables taken
from the tenth census of the United States, giving, by states and territories, the
total number of persons in each class of occupations, by sex; by sex and age periods;
by nationalities; the number engaged in agriculture, by states and territories, by
sex and age periods, and nationalities; and similar tables for the special industries
of boot and shoe making; clerks, salesmen, and accountants; employés in cotton,
silk, and woollen mills; in domestic service; and in mining. A special table also
gives the amount paid annually in wages by, and the total gross value of, newspa-
pers and periodicals published in the United States, with percentage of total wages
paid, receipts from various sources, number of employés, and number engaged in
116
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
editorial work, etc., by states and territories, and classified according to frequency
of issue.
Cost of growing tobacco (5 pages).-This gives, textually and statistically, the esti-
mated cost per acre of growing tobacco in Missouri, and profits yielded.
Trades unions (15 pages). This embraces a textual description of several of the
principal labor organizations of the country.
Labor laws of Missouri (39 pages).—A compilation of the state laws relating to labor
is here given. It includes copies of the laws regulating hours of labor and the em-
ployment of apprentices; relating to liens against railroads and to mechanics' liens;
providing for the health and safety of employés in coal mines; prohibiting the em-
ployment of women and children in coal mines; providing for payment of wages in
legal tender; requiring employers to provide suitable seats for female employés;
providing uniform rules for measuring masonry work, etc.; regulating the weighing
of coal; requiring employers to give thirty days' notice before reducing wages; and
relating to the inspection of mines.
Fourth annual convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor, June, 1886 (56 pages).—This com-
prises a textual report of the proceedings of the convention and gives a list of labor
bureaus; copies of acts affecting the labor bureaus of Massachusetts and New York;
a paper by Commissioner Betton, of Kansas, on the Great railroad strikes of the
Gould southwestern system; a paper by Charles F. Wingate on the Tenement house
problem, containing tables showing the quality and condition of buildings inspected
by the New York tenement house commissioner, by percentages, and the total num-
ber of deaths, and the number and percentage occurring in tenemeat houses of New
York city, each year, from 1880 to 1884; and a paper by Prof. Alexander Johnston
on Common schools and the labor question.
The official history of the great strike of 1886 on the southwestern railroad system (117
pages). This is a detailed textual history of the above strike, giving copies of com-
munications passing between the parties interested, demands made, propositions sub-
mitted, etc., at length. Two short tables show the total number striking, the total
number of employés on the system, by classes of occupations, and the number thrown
out of work by reason of the strike, and the cost of guarding the company's prop-
erty during the strike.
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[295 PAGES.]
Prefatory (4 pages).
Arbitration (7 pages).-This consists of a copy of the act of New York providing for
arbitration, with some prefatory remarks.
State mine inspector (7 pages).-This gives a copy of the act creating the office of
state mine inspector, and providing for the health and safety of employés in mines.
Manufacturing industries (74 pages).—Under this heading are given a number of sta-
tistical tables based on reports made to the bureau by a number of firms engaged in
some of the leading manufacturing industries of the state. Separate tables for each
industry give the number of employés, classed as skilled and unskilled, by sex, and
over or under 14 years of age, and their wages, by occupations; also the amount of
capital invested, the hours of labor, time worked, and value of raw material and
yearly product. Total results are given in a summary.
Missouri railroad reports (25 pages).-These consist of statistical tables based on re-
ports made by the roads, giving in separate tables for each road, and in consolidated
form, by occupations, the number of employés, the average wages, and hours of labor.
Street railway reports (12 pages).-These embrace statistical tables based on reports
made by nine companies in Saint Louis, Kansas City, Saint Joseph, and Joplin, giv-
ing, in separate tables for each company, the number of employés and the average
daily wages and hours of labor in each occupation.
Convict labor (41 pages).-This subject embraces a report of the state committee on
labor in regard to convict contract labor, consisting of a brief textual consideration
of the question, and of tables giving the date and duration of contracts and the
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MISSOURI
117
number of convicts contracted for at the Missouri state penitentiary, February 5,
1887; also for each contract, the cost of plant, amount paid, and an itemized state-
ment of expenses, etc. The same information is given for a number of firms of Saint
Louis, engaged in the same business. Other tables give a comparison of the cost of
production by free and by convict labor, of clothing, saddletrees, shoes, harness,
collars, and saddlery, by detailed items of expense. The statements of different con-
tractors, wardens, and free-labor manufacturers are given in the text. A table, taken
from the Second Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Labor, gives
for all the states and territories, by industries, the value of goods made or work
done, the number of convicts employed, and the number of free-laborers required to
perform the same work; and a final table gives the contract prices in 31 penal insti-
tutions for 57 special branches of industry, taken from advance sheets of an Illinois
report.
State mine inspector's first annual report (80 pages).—This is a textual report, made in
two chapters. The first part, on coal mines, gives the extent and location of coal
fields, a general consideration of coal miners, their health, safety, etc., a description
of individual mines, by counties, their output, etc., and the law relating to weighing
coal at mines. There is also included a paper, by Thomas Fowler, on Ventilation of
coal mines. The second chapter, on lead, zinc, and iron mines, gives a historical
account of lead and zinc mining in the state, the extent and location of the mines,
with a description of each mine, by counties. A map of the state, which indicates
the location of each mine, accompanies the report.
Summary of coal and mineral output (2 pages).—Consists of two statistical tables
which give for coal, and for lead, zinc, and iron mines the total output and its total
value, the number of mines and miners, the average annual earnings of coal miners
and day laborers, the average pay for coal mining per ton, the amount of powder
used, and the average value of coal at the mines.
Labor strikes and lockouts in Missouri (35 pages).-Under this heading are given a
number of statistical tables taken from the Third Annual Report of the United
States Commissioner of Labor, giving by years and industries, from 1881 to 1886, for
the state, a list of the strikes and lockouts, their locality, cause, whether ordered by
labor organizations, their duration, result, losses to employers and employés, the num-
ber of employés striking, and the average daily wages of all the employés and
their weekly working hours, both before and after the strike. A summary of the
results of strikes for all years, by industries, is also given.
TENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.-[169 PAGES.]
Introductory (3 pages).
Special report on coal mine explosion at Rich Hill, Missouri, March 29, 1888 (48 pages.)-
Presents textual reports of an investigation of the cause of the accident, by the com-
missioner of labor, the state mine inspector. Prof. W. B. Potter, mining engineer,
and E. A. Scammon and Robert Craig, experts. These reports include a map of the
mine, depositions of survivors, and a report of the amount of powder used during
March, 1888, and the names of miners using it, the number of days worked, and the
quantity of coal mined, in pounds.
Report of M. L. Wolfe, state mine inspector (43 pages).—This consists of a textual
statement concerning the coal mines of the state visited, giving the character of the
mine, the number of miners employed, and the output of coal, etc. A table is given
showing approximately the output of local coal mines and quarries, by counties, not
included in the general report, being mined principally by farmers for local demand
during fall and winter.
Report on lead, zinc, and iron mines of Missouri (26 pages).-Under this heading are
given a textual history and a geological description of the lead, zinc, and iron mines.
of the state; a description of crushers and concentrators, with a comparison of the
practical value of the different styles of mining pumps; and a report of mining
operations in several counties of the state. A table, based on the statements of mine
118
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
ན་
operators, gives the aggregate output and value of coal, iron, lead, zinc, and cop-
per; and a summary, by counties, shows the number, character, and output of coal
mines inspected during the year, the number of employés, the price paid per ton for
mining, the number of kegs of powder used, the number of casualties, and the aver-
age value of coal per ton at the mine.
The Bevier strikes (12 pages).-Here is presented a brief textual consideration of
labor troubles at Bevier among the coal miners from the opening of the mine in 1860
to date of report, 1888, with a history of the mines, etc.
Railroads of Missouri (31 pages).-Under this heading are given statistical tables
based on reports of 21 companies, giving for each road separately, and in consol-
idated form, by occupations, the number of employés, their average annual salaries,
and the total amount paid by each road for service. Grand totals are also given of
the number of employés, amount paid for labor, and the number of miles of railroad
operated in the state.
ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[522 PAGES.]
Coal miners: general conditions (58 pages).-This is a textual consideration of the
grievances of coal miners of the state, embracing brief accounts of the objection of
miners to the company doctor and to anti-labor-union contracts, and a detailed ac-
count of the system existing in the state of paying wages in company checks on
stores owned by the companies, and of payment only at the end of each month. It
includes letters from commissioners of labor and others interested in the question, a
copy of the act proposed to be enacted by the Missouri legislature, compelling
weekly payments in cash, copies of correspondence of the bureau relating to pay-
ment of wages, and a description of the practices of various companies in the state.
Coal miners: remarks upon statistical tables (20 pages).—These consist of textual
comments on the methods of investigation pursued, the results of the tables, aud
the condition of mining and of the miners; and contains short tables giving the
output of coal, and of lead and zinc of the stato, for 1888 and 1889; the number of
mines considered, for 1888 and 1889; the production of anthracite coal in the United
States, each year, from 1882 to 1889; the number and per cent. of miners interviewed,
and classified by amount of wages; and the average oqpenditures, by items, of 130
families whose budgets were obtained.
Coal miners: statistical tables (322 pages).—These are ten statistical tables, based on
personal interviews of miners and on the inspection of companies' books.
Table I on coal, table II on lead and zinc, and table III on iron, show, by counties,
the character, tonnage, and value of output of mines for the year ending June 30,
1889. Table IV is a summary for the state of the three preceding tables. Table V
shows, by counties, the number and nature of accidents occurring in the mines of the
state. Table VI gives the number of strikes in coal mines in the state, by counties,
for the year ending June 30, 1889; and, separately for each county, the cause of
strike, the number of employés made idle, the wages lost by employés, etc. Table
VII shows the daily net wages and the annual net earnings, by counties. of a num-
ber of employés in coal mines, lead and zinc mines, iron mines, and granite quarries,
classified by groups. Table VIII gives, by counties, the work in detail, the wages
paid, and the hours of labor of employés in the mines; and table IX gives, by coun-
ties, the average daily and monthly wages of miners and other laborers. Table X
gives, by counties, the number of coal mining companies owning the homes of em-
ployés, and the average rent charged therefor; the prices of commodities, by loca-
tions; the earnings and itemized expenditures of the families of 130 miners, given
by family budgets and in summarized form, with other information relative to the
family.
Obedience to mining laws (4 pages). This is a brief statement of an investigation
showing by names of firms whether the law is obeyed or not.
睿
​ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MISSOURI.
119
Appendix: The truck system (34 pages).-This presents a brief outline sketch of the
origin of the truck system in England, with an account and a copy of the principal
clauses of the law which led to its abolition; extracts of laws of the states of Indiana,
Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, providing for the suppres-
sion of the truck system; of Connecticut and Massachusetts, for weekly payment of
wages; and of the state, prohibiting the screening of coal before weighing; provid-
ing for the health and safety of employés in mines; prohibiting the employment of
women and children in mines; relating to the payment of wages in scrip; and to in-
spection of mines.
Report of the mine inspector, 1889 (71 pages). This consists of a general textual con-
sideration of the condition of mining in the state, embracing a list of mines in the
state with post office address; brief remarks concerning mines inspected; and a
number of short tables showing for various mines the kind of power used, the num-
ber of employés, the number of days in operation, and the condition of the mine.
TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[2 Vois., 724 PAGES.]
་
General conditions (46 pages).-Under this head is given a mainly textual consider-
ation of various practices and conditions having an influence on wage-earners in the
state. It embraces accounts of a number of instances where wages have been ille-
gally withheld; of the abuses of company stores in connection with withholding
wages; of troubles at various establishments; of fraudulent telegraph schools, labor
agencies and detective agencies; and of the effects of convict labor upon wages. It
includes a copy of a letter addressed to officers of labor organizations by the commis-
sioner relative to the establishment of a workingmen's protective union, and a brief
account of the Woman's Protective Union of New York city and of the Chicago
Bureau of Justice, with a table showing the amount of work done by the last-named
organization. There is also given a textual and statistical consideration of Want
advertisements. The tables give the number of advertisements in four of the leading
newspapers of Saint Louis, Kansas City, and Saint Joseph, of persons desiring help,
and of those desiring situations, by occupations and sex, with a comparison between
Saint Louis and Kansas City. Under the head of strikes and lockouts is given a brief
textual account of four important strikes occurring in the state during the year,
with accompanying tables in each case, giving, by name of firms involved, the number
of employés engaged in the strike, the character of the strike, the average daily
wages of employés before and after the strike, the number of men losing places, the
losses to employers and employés, etc.
Factories and workshops (517 pages).-This part gives statistical tables, based on
reports made by 271 manufacturing establishments to the bureau and information
gained in the inspection of factories, and brief textual comments on the showings of
each of the tables. These tables give, by industries, the number of establishments
reporting, the number of employés, the amount paid in wages, etc., separately for
the state, for Saint Louis and for Kansas City; by industries, cities, and individual
establishments, the number of employés of each, the number of weeks in operation
for the year ending June 30, 1890, the value of buildings and grounds, of the raw ma-
terial, and of the product, the amount paid in wages, etc.; the number of employés
(men, women, boys, and girls), and the hours of labor in factories and workshops in-
spected in Saint Louis, Kansas City, and Saint Joseph; also, by cities, industries, and
individual establishments inspected, the number of employés (men, women, boys, and
girls), their hours of labor, the character of the factory, etc.; a comparison of wages
received in different occupations in Saint Louis, Kansas City, and Saint Joseph;
the average daily earnings of employés in different industries, as shown by an exam-
ination of payrolls; the number of employés, by occupations, classified according
to their daily net income; the sex and occupation of a large number of individuals,
by cities and industries, the length of the working period considered, the number of
days worked, the total amount of earnings, the average daily earnings for each day
worked, the average daily net income, and the estimated net earnings in one year;
1
120
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
a summary of the budgets of 438 families, showing for each the size of the family,
the occupation of the husband, the earnings of the husband and of the family, and
the family expenses, by classes of items; the expenditure of each of 236 families for
beer; the average number in a family (adults and minors), the average earnings and
expenses, and the condition of the homes of miners and other workingmen in Saint
Louis, Kansas City, and Crystal City; the average amount expended per individual
in each place for each class of items, and the percentage such expense bears to the
total expenses. Samples of budgets are given in 156 pages, showing the size and
condition of each family, the amount of the earnings, and the yearly expenses in
detail.
Report of the mine inspector, 1890 (137 pages).-This report makes volume II of the
annual report of the labor commissioner. It contains statistics of the coal, iron,
lead, and zinc industries in the state for the year ending June 30, 1890. The tables
numbered from I to XI give in detail the character, condition, product, and location
of each mine reported, including summaries of the general results of the investi-
gations.
Tables XII and XIII show the number and nature of accidents that occurred in
coal mines, and in lead and zinc mines, during the year. This is followed by a brief
account of the strikes that occurred among mine employés during the year, and their
final settlement; of the opening of new mines, and of the closing of exhausted mines.
Lists of coal mine operators, of lead and zinc mine operators, and of iron mine opera-
tors, in Missouri, are given, with location and post office address of each operator.
The report closes with a record of inspection, by counties.
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.--[2 VOLS.,
Introductory (1 page).
PAGES.]
The bi-weekly payment law (4 pages).-Under this head is given a copy of the act re-
quiring the payment of employés of operators of mines at least once in every fifteen
days, and prohibiting the withholding of any portion of the wages due them at such
payday, and the extent to which the operators have complied with the law. There
is also given a brief account of several of the mine operators of the state who have
company stores in connection with their mines, and who have been issuing to their
employés, in payment of wages, non-transferable checks or due bills on the company
stores, with the result of the legal action had agamst them.
Strikes and boycotts (19 pages). This gives an account of the strikes and boycotts
that occurred in the city of Saint Louis during the year. A table for each of the twelve
principal strikes shows, by occupations, the name of establishment, the number of
employés striking, the duration of strike, average wages before and after strike, the
number of employés losing their positions on account of the strike, the number of
new men employed, and the amount of relief given to strikers by labor organizations.
The information pertaining to minor strikes and boycotts is given in textual form.
Labor agencies (40 pages).This part of the report treats of the abuses of labor agen-
cies or employment offices in Saint Louis and Kansas City. It includes the text of the
law providing for the creation of free public employment offices in the cities of Cin-
cinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, and Toledo, together with the report of each
office from June 26, 1890, to January 1, 1891, taken from the Ohio labor report; and
tables giving the number of advertisements in seven of the leading newspapers of
Saint Louis, Kansas City, and Saint Joseph, of persons desiring help, and of those
desiring situations, by occupations and sex, with a comparison between the three
cities.
Missouri's surplus (84 pages).-This chapter shows the products of the farm, factory,
forest, and mine that were marketed in car load lots from the different counties of
the state during the year 1890, and also the commodities marketed by river and
driven in during the same period. The information is presented in tabular form,
arranged by counties, giving the shipping point, the kind and quantity of the com-
modity shipped, and the value of surplus commodities.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-MISSOURI.
121
Manufactories in Missouri (168 pages).—This is an exhibit of the manufacturing
industries of the state, the presentation being mainly statistical. It covers 1,849
establishments, employing 63,399 persons. A table, 97 pages in length, arranged by
counties, shows the kind of establishment, the number of male and female employés,
the number of weeks in operation, the value of the raw material and of the manufac-·
tured product, the amount paid for wages and for salaries, the amount paid for taxes
aud for insurance, and the number of horse power used. For the city of Saint Louis
the showing is made by trades or industries, with a recapitulation. This is
followed by another table giving for each of fifteau selected industries or trades
information similar to that presented in the preceding table, with a recapitulation,
by counties, of the 1,819 establishments reported. The chapter closes with a table
giving the average daily wages paid, by counties and sex, in brickyards, in cigar
factories, in founderies, in flouring mills, in lumber mills, in marble yards, and in
wagon and carriage factories.
Factory inspection (152 pages).—Under this heading are given the results of the in-
spection of 1,297 factories and workshops in the state, of which 1,072 are in the city
of Saint Louis. A table 73 pages in length, arranged by counties and separately for
the city of Saint Louis, shows in detail the condition of each factory inspected. This
is followed by another table giving for Saint Louis workingmen the average daily
wages of employés in 9 architectural iron works; in 10 awning factories; in 10 baker-
ies; in 21 beef and pork packing establishments; in 22 box factories; in 38 breweries
and malthouses; in 12 brass founderies; in 12 brickyards and tiling works; in
12 candy establishments; in 87 carriage, buggy, and wagon factories; in 26 cloth-
ing factories; in 21 cigar factories; in 28 cooper shops; in 15 flour and grist mills;
in fourteen founderies; in 44 furniture factories; in 19 harness, saddle, and horse-
collar factories; in 18 iron manufactories; in 29 laundries; in 25 machine shops; in
15 marble works; in 25 planing mills; in 79 printing, lithographing, and bookbind-
ing establishments; in 27 shoe factories; in 12 soap factories; in ten tobacco facto-
ries; in 8 brush factories; in 9 drug stores; in 5 glass factories; in 8 stamping
works; in 9 tanneries; in 7 stove and range founderies; in 7 warehouses; and in 8
paint factories.
Workingwomen (105 pages).-This is a consideration of the condition of such work-
ingwomen as came under the observation of the bureau in the course of the regular
factory inspection during the year. The report is mainly textual and embraces the
cities of Saint Louis, Kansas City, and Saint Joseph. Tables are given for each city,
showing, by occupations, the number of women employed, their conjugal condition,
their present age, the age when they began to work, their average annual earnings,
the average amount spent for clothing, the average expense for room and board, and
the number who support or help to support a family. The text includes a general
survey of the home and the workshop conditions, the moral and social surroundings,
the educational facilities, and a brief sketch of the various societies and institutions
established for the promotion of the welfare of the workingwomen in the state.
The chapter closes with an abstract of the superintendent's report of the state in-
dustrial home for girls at Chillicothe.
Earnings and expenses of workingmen compared (125 pages).-This part presents statis-
tics on the earnings and expenses of workingmen employed at the Saint Charles car
shops, located at Saint Charles, and the Missouri Pacific car shops, located at Saint
Louis. Statements of the earnings and expenses of 75 workingmen from each of the
above-named places are given in detail, with recapitulations of the family budgets.
Other tables are also given which exhibit the occupations and the individual
working time and earnings of 422 employés in Missouri Pacific car works; of 808
employés in Saint Charles car works; and of 962 employés in Saint Louis breweries.
Convict labor (10 pages). This gives a copy of the report made by the commissioner
to the thirty-sixth general assembly, in compliance with a resolution passed by that
body, concerning the factories in the state penitentiary. A table shows the amounts
122
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
paid to the state by each individual contractor, the items for which such amounts were
paid, and the return made to the contractor by the state. Other tables show the
average cost to the state per day per convict for food, fuel, clothing, etc., and the
average price paid for each prisoner per day in different states where goods manu-
factured are the same as in the Missouri penitentiary.
Report of the mine inspector, 1891 (-pages).-(This report makes Vol. II of the
annual report of the labor commissioner, but at the date of preparation of this ab-
stract it had not been published.)
J
NEBRASKA.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT, 1887 and 1888.-[386 PAGES.]
Introduction and recommendations (19 pages).-This gives a textual consideration of
the necessity for a labor bureau; a list of blanks sent out; and a copy of the act
creating the bureau.
-
The rise and progress of bureaus of labor statistics (17 pages). This topic presents an
address by Carroll D. Wright on the history of labor bureaus, and a copy of the
act creating a national department of labor.
Labor organizations (15 pages).-This gives textual opinions of various eminent
statesmen and writers on the problem of labor, and views of workingmen concern-
ing labor organizations.
Strikes (53 pages).—A textual account of the principal strikes occurring in the
state in 1887–’88, is here presented. Also the constitution of the union of the different
classes of workingmen of Omaha.
Arbitration (43 pages).—This chapter comprises a textual consideration of the ques-
tion of arbitration, consisting mainly of extracts from the report, by Carroll D.
Wright, on industrial arbitration and conciliation, 1881, published by the Massa-
chusetts bureau of labor, and containing a report of the Massachusetts board of
arbitration and copies of the acts of the different states and England, providing for
arbitration of labor disputes.
Manual training (37 pages).—This part of the report gives a textual consideration of
manual and technical training, consisting mainly of extracts from reports, and of
opinions of prominent educators.
Compulsory education (6 pages).—Here are given opinions from county superintend-
ents of public instruction concerning the recent state act for compulsory education,
pointing out the defects of the law and suggesting the necessary remedies to make
it effective.
?
Farmers' opinions (15 pages).-Answers of farmers in response to inquiries made con-
cerning the causes for the failure of the farmers are here presented, together with
their opinions on needed legislation.
Convict labor (124 pages).-This division of the report gives a textual review of the
results of various state investigations of convict labor and of recent legislation on
the subject. It includes also an account of the formation of the National Anti-
Convict Contract Association in 1886; the report of the committee on labor in prisons
and reformatories, at the meeting of the National Association of Charities and Cor-
rections in 1884; the report of the committee on interstate prison labor federation,
at the meeting of the National Prison Association, and the law of Ohio relating to
convicts. One page of short tables gives the number of inmates of the state prisou
for the years 1884, 1886, 1887, and 1888, the value of the products made by convicts
in 1887, and the various occupations of the convicts prior to their incarceration.
Statistics (43 pages).-Under this head miscellaneous statistical tables are given, show-
ing, by counties, the number and total area of farms, their tenure, and estimated value
of crops; the comparative value of farms and farm products for the years 1860, 1870,
1880, and 1885; the number of manufacturing establishments, the capital, amount
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEBRASKA.
123
paid in wages, the number of employés and the value of their products, by counties,
for each of the years 1880 and 1885; the number of establishments in 1885, in classi-
fied industries, by counties; the highest and lowest wages per diem and the hours
of labor in the different industries of the state; reports from different railroads in
the state, showing for each the number of employés, their hours of labor, and the
highest, lowest, and average wages received, by occupations, in the motive, trans-
portation, and maintenance departments for 1887; the number of accidents to em-
ployés while on duty, and the total mileage of railroads in the state; and reports
from individual farmers covering their location, age, nationality, number in family,
farm production, how farm is held, interest rate on mortgages, the number saving,
the school attendance of children, etc., and a summary of general farm statistics.
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT, 1889 AND 1890.-[956 PAGES.]
Unskilled wageworkers' cost of living (46 pages).-This chapter presents, in tabulated
form, the information obtained through personal visits to employés and to employers
concerning the cost of living of unskilled wage workers, the object of the report being
to familiarize employers with the general condition of their employés. The first
table presented shows for each of twenty-five occupations, in nine different cities
and towns in Nebraska, the number of families investigated; the average actual and
average nominal money wages; the value of the actual money wages in the neces-
saries of life; and the average possible savings. Table II relates to expenses, and
shows, by occupations and place of residence, the average amount paid for rent per
month, and for clothing per year; the average quantity and value of the food con-
sumed per month, and of the house-furnishing goods used per year; and the average
amount of miscellaneous expenses per month. Table III contains statistics concern-
ing savings and the way in which they are used; and table IV is an itemized account,
covering a period of six months, of the earnings and expenses of one family.
Instructions of the bureau of labor (24 pages).-This is a copy of the circular of instruc-
tions, accompanying complete home bookkeeping sheets, sent to workingmen through-
out the state; together with transcripts of the correspondence with representatives
of various labor organizations regarding the course of investigation pursued by the
bureau.
Statement of wages and general condition of workingmen (12 pages).-This is a table
compiled from blanks issued by the statistician of the state assembly of the Knights
of Labor of Nebraska, showing for each of 159 employés his occupation, place of
employment, wages per day, place of birth, age, whether owning home or paying
rent, etc.; followed by two shorter tables, headed Employers, which show, by
classes of occupations, the number of employers and of employés in each, the wages
paid, the time operated during the year, the capital invested, and the gross earnings.
Loan and building associations (172 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consid-
eration of building and loan associations in the United States. The greater part of
a comprehensive account of these associations, which appeared in the report of the
Pennsylvania bureau of labor for 1888, is reproduced. It embraces a brief history
of building associations in Pennsylvania; a detailed description of the different
kinds of organizations; their methods of operation, with a sample of a constitution
and balance sheets; and a table showing for the 337 associations in Pennsylvania
investigated, the number of members, the number of shares, the amount of assets,
etc. The condition and operations of cooperative building and loan associations in
New Jersey are shown by copious extracts from the report of the New Jersey bureau
of labor for 1888, including a summary of New Jersey savings bank statistics from
1878 to 1888; a statement for each of twenty-seven banks, showing the date of or-
ganization, the number of depositors, etc.; and a geographical classification of the
number of building and loan associations in New Jersey at various dates, from 1860
to 1888. The text includes extracts from various state reports and public articles,
showing the condition of building associations in other states, and suggestions and
124
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
warnings against dangers connected with building associations and particularly
with national and interstate associations. A table for Nebraska shows the number
of associations in the state, the number of shares, the total amount of assets, etc.,
and the name, location, and name of secretary of twenty-six building associations.
A paper on National building associations, by A. A. Winters, is also presented.
Sarpy county farm mortgages (50 pages).—This is a report of an investigation brought
about by a memorial from the Farmers' Alliance to the legislature of Nebraska,
claiming that it is becoming rare to find farms which are not mortgaged. Sarpy
county, being one of the oldest counties in the state, was selected for the investi-
gation, the results of which are presented in tabular form. The tables show the
dates of execution and maturity, the number of acres mortgaged, the amount of the
mortgage and the rate of interest for each mortgage given in Sarpy county during
the years 1880 to 1889; by subdivisions of the county, the number of acres, and
the number mortgaged, and the assessed valuation in 1879 and in 1880; individual
reports of mortgagors as to the value of the farm at the time it was mortgaged, its
valuation in 1890, together with the assessor's valuation, and the cause for mortgag-
ing; also, a list of foreclosures from 1879 to 1889. An analysis of the foregoing
tables shows the area and value of farms in Sarpy county, the area and value of
mortgaged farms, the causes of the mortgages, and the rates of interest paid. Other
tables give reports from loan and trust companies doing business in the state, show-
ing for each company the date it began making loans in Nebraska, the number and
amount of its loans, etc., and the number of foreclosures on improved and unim-
proved farms in each county.
Manufactures (22 page³).—This chapter contains statistical tables based on returns
received from manufacturers throught the state in answer to blanks sent out by the
bureau, giving, by industries, the number of establishments reporting, the amount
of their capital, the value of their production for the year ending June 1, 1889, the
number of employés, the amount paid in wages, etc.
Strikes (85 pages).-Under this head are given a brief account of several strikes
occurring in the state during 1889 and 1890; a list of strikes among cigarmakers in
the United States, as reported to the Cigarmakers' International Union at its last
session, showing the location and cost of each, and summaries showing their causes
and results; and a list of the strikes which occurred in the United States from Jan-
uary 1, 1889, to July 1, 1890, showing for each the occupation, date, location, cause
of strike, and the number of strikers.
The eight-hour day (28 pages).—This chapter contains a copy of a letter by president
Samuel Gompers, of the American Federation of Labor, written April 15, 1890, to
the editor of Bradstreet's, in regard to an eight-hour day; and various newspaper
extracts, with textual comments, bearing on the same subject.
The Australian ballot system (260 pages).—In this chapter copies in full are given of
the laws of Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New York,
Rhode Island, Tennessee, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming providing for a
ballot system based on that in use in Australia.
Proceedings of the seventh annual convention of the chiefs and commissioners of bureaus of
labor, 1889 (114 pages).-This is a textual report of the proceedings of the convention,
including the remarks of the president, Carroll D. Wright; a list of bureaus of labor
statistics, with the name of the chief and the date of establishment of each; reports
from each bureau as to the work upon which it was engaged; an address upon Sta-
tistical tabulation by machinery, by Charles F. Pidgin, chief clerk of the Massachu-
setts bureau; a paper by Mrs. Florence Kelley-Wischnewetzky, on Child labor, and
the remarks by the different commissioners on the same subject; and various remarks
by visitors.
The beet sugar industry (103 pages).-This chapter contains a history of the rise of
the beet sugar industry in Europe; an account of its progress in the United States;
an account of efforts made in Nebraska for the cultivation of beets and the manu-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY.
125
facture of sugar therefrom, with a copy of the act for its encouragement; an account
of the operations of the Oxnard Beet Sugar Company; a consideration of the condi-
tions for the culture of the beet and its manufacture into sugar, with analyses of sam-
ples; and a copy of the business report of the board of directors of the stock sugar
factory at Aderstedt, for the years 1888 and 1889, showing receipts and expenses and
general results. The tables which are presented show the number of beet sugar
factories in France, and the quantity of sugar produced each year from 1826 to 1879;
the production of beet sugar in each European country, and the total production of
cane sugar each year, from 1880-'81 to 1884-'85; the production of sugar from beets in
foreign countries in 1889; the production in California from 1870 to 1873; a list of
places in the United States at which beet cultivation has been tried, and the quality
of the beets raised; the quality of beets raised at Grand Island, Nebraska; the pro-
duction of the Western Beet Sugar Company in 1888; the comparative results of
feeding cattle with pulps from hydraulic presses and those of the diffusion process
on the farm of Simon Legrand; and estimates of the cost of extracting the sugar from
beets, and of the expenses for one ton of beets and the product from the same quantity.
Recommendations (4 pages).-This is a statement of recommendations calling the
attention of the legislature to various subjects pertaining to the welfare of the peo-
ple of the state.
United States weights and measures (12 pages).—This is a list of the weights and meas-
ures received from the Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Sur-
vey; and tables for converting United States weights and measures from the custom-
ary to the metric system and vice versa.
NEW JERSEY.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1878. [307 PAGES.]
Introduction (3 pages).
Considerations regarding labor, and the education and welfare of laborers; notations in re-
spect to blanks; employment and schooling of children (59 pages). This chapter comprises
a general textual statement of the necessity for obtaining statistics relating to all
departments of labor; an account of the work and experience of the bureau; a list
of circulars sent out; extracts from replies received; and six tables giving, by indus-
tries, the number of employés embraced in the returns, the nativities, the num-
ber of men, women, and children, their hours of labor, highest and lowest wages in
1872 and 1877; and for selected returns the number in family, the earnings of head
of family and of other members, and the yearly expenses in detail; and the number
of children classified according to age periods and sex, showing daily wages, hours
of labor, and the number attending schools.
Agricultural development; its relations to local colonization, and the unimproved lands of
New Jersey; new and diversified industries essential to general prosperity (61 pages).—
Under this heading is presented a textual consideration of the advantages offered
by the state to the farmer; of the unimproved lands of the state; of the necessity
for new and diversified industries, including a special report on ramie and jute
exhibited at the state fair; a paper by Dr. Theophilus T. Price on the Wild
lands of Burlington and Ocean counties, and a report by Charles H. Simmerman
of his canvass of the five counties forming the southern portion of the state, to
ascertain the condition of the laboring classes, of farmers, etc., in that section.
Short tables interspersed throughout the text give ten of the most densely popu-
lated countries and states of the world with the average population to the square
mile; the number and size of farms in the United States and in New Jersey in 1870;
the average acreage of farms, and the percentage of unimproved land in farms to
total land in farms in the United States and in New Jersey, by decades, for the years
1850, 1860, and 1870; the value of property and the rate of taxation per capita in the
. 126
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
several states; the rates of wages in the various trades in Camden, showing the
highest and lowest day wages received during 1873, compared with wages in the
same branches in 1878; the number of glassblowers, their wages and hours of labor
at various localities; the retail prices of provisions, fuel, etc., at Camden in 1878; and
the number of men employed and wages received in an iron foundery at Millville, in
1873 and 1878.
Forestry: rural and village adornment (17 pages). This gives a general textual con-
sideration of the advantages of, and necessity for, forest culture, including an enu-
meration of trees adapted to the state.
Cooperation in its workings in Europe and its adaptation to New Jersey (51 pages).-This
topic embraces a textual consideration of cooperation in foreign countries and in the
United States. A table gives, by years, from 1844 to 1867, the membership, capital,
profits, etc., of the Rochdale Pioneers of England.
Savings banks (17 pages).--This comprises a textual and statistical account of the
38 savings banks in the state. The tables give, according to the four classes of
occupations described by the words, Day wage, Salary, Professional, and Use or
interest of money, the total number of depositors and per cent. of depositors belong-
ing to each class, the total amount deposited and per cent. of amount deposited by
each class, the average amount deposited by each depositor of each class, the num-
ber of new depositors with amount of deposits in 1878, and per cent. of increase or
decrease over deposits of 1877, by institutions, etc. A table also shows the occupa-
tions included in each of the above-named classes.
Climate and sanitary condition of New Jersey (12 pages.).—This gives an article on the
Climatology of southern New Jersey, by John W. Snowden, M. D., including a
map showing the district in which intermittent and remittent fevers do not exist,
and tables exhibiting the barometric and thermometric readings, the average rain-
fall and number of rainy days in each month and the mean annual temperature at
Vineland, for the ten years 1867 to 1877.
Industries: pottery, flax, hemp, and cranberry (32 pages). This is a mainly textual
consideration of each of the above-named industries. Short tables give shipments of
earthenware from Liverpool to America, by years, from 1869 to 1878; importations
of pottery, by years, from 1863 to 1878; the number of acres in cranberries, by coun-
ties, for 1874, and the estimated crop from the three great cranberry areas of the
country, by years, from 1872 to 1877.
Railroad wages (9 pages).—Under this head are given statistical tables based on
reports from a number of companies, giving for each the number of employés, the
wages, hours of labor, and average time worked during the year, by occupations.
Miscellaneous (17 pages). This topic comprises a compilation of the laws of New
Jersey providing for payment of wages in legal tender; prohibiting the employment of
children under 10 years of age in factories; regulating hours of labor and providing
for compulsory education of children; an article by Charles F. Thwing on the Lack
of trade education as a cause of crime, including a table showing the educational
condition of 556 inmates of the eastern penitentiary at Philadelphia; an article by
Horace J. Smith on Forest corporations, and statistical tables giving the retail
prices of commodities in New Jersey for the years 1858, 1862, 1864, and 1878; the
products of the industries of New Jersey, taken from the United States census of 1870,
giving the number of establishments, amount of capital, the number of employés
and wages paid, etc., by counties; general statistics of population, and the number
of persons engaged in various classes of labor, by sex and age periods.
毋
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ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY.
127
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1879.-[325 PAGES.]
Introduction (15 pages). A general textual consideration of matters relating to labor
is here presented.
State development (21 pages).—Under this heading is given a textual statement of
the advantages which the state has to offer to immigrants and settlers by reason of
its climate, soil, educational advantages, railroad facilities, building materials, tax-
ation, homestead exemption, etc.
Savings banks (18 pages). This comprises statistical tables based on returns from
circulars made by 14 savings banks of the state, giving by institutions and accord-
ing to the four classes of occupations described by the words Day wage, Salary, Pro-
fessional, and Use or interest of money, the total number and amount of deposits,
and per cent. of depositors and deposits belonging to each class for the three months,
June to August, 1879; the same for deposits under $300 and for deposits over $300;
the average deposits of each of the four classes with per cent. of depositors and
deposits of each class, from June 1 to September 1, for 1878 and 1879, in all banks
together; also, by institutions, the number of depositors and amount of deposits in
nine savings banks, and the average to each depositor, for the years 1876, 1877, and
1878; and the number of depositors and amount of deposits, etc., and percentage of
increase or decrease of deposits for 1878 and 1879.
Collated statistics derived from laborers (57 pages).—This comprises three statistical
tables based on returns from individual employés, showing for each his occupation,
the earnings of head of family and of others in family, the expenses of family in
detail and excess of earnings or expenditures; also, by individuals, the occupation,
nationality, term of present employment, conjugal condition, number of changes
of employment since 21 years of age, the daily wages and the frequency and mode
of payment, the hours of labor, the time lost during the year, and various facts
concerning the ownership of homes, or amount of monthly rent paid, the sanitary
condition of homes and workshops, the education of children, their age and em-
ployment in factories. Textual comments on each table are added; also a copy of
the law relating to payment of wages in scrip.
Miscellaneous statistics relative to state industries (58 pages).-This embraces statistical
tables based on returns from circulars sent to manufacturers, giving in separate
tables for each of a large number of specific industries, by individual establishments,
the number of their employés (men, women, and children) and their average daily
wages, the total amount paid in wages, the number of native and foreign born em-
ployés, the total value of the product, and the number of employés owning real
estate, with textual comments on each of the tables. Also a table based on returns
from circulars sent to farmers, showing the number of acres in each farm, assessed
value, proportionate value of land, proportionate value of buildings, amount of
mortgages, value of crops, value of stock and implements, etc.
Industrial development (30 pages). This is a textual consideration of the cultivation
of jute, ramie, flax, and hemp, of silk, and of the preservation of green fodders.
Cooperation (44 pages).-This subject presents a textual consideration of coopera-
tion, mainly devoted to giving the experience of different English associations.
Especial space is given to an explanation of the Civil Service Supply Association
of London and the Manchester wholesale society. Tables show the number of
different kinds of establishments in London in 1877, by twenty-two classified trades,
and the progress of the Manchester wholesale society, giving by years, from 1864 to
1877, the number of members, the amount of capital, the value of goods sold, and
the net profits.
Trade arbitrations (30 pages).-This gives a textual consideration of arbitration.
Miscellaneous (31 pages).-This consists of copies of the rules of the board of arbi-
tration and conciliation for the north of England manufactured iron trade and of
128
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
the rules for the government of the board of conciliation and arbitration for the coal
mines of western Pennsylvania; of extracts from a Manual of instruction for the
production of silk, by Prof. C. V. Riley, published by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture; a textual account of the rise and progress of silk manufacture
in New Jersey; and copies of laws of Ohio providing for the payment of wages in
legal tender, and against their payment in scrip, and of laws of New Jersey passed
in 1879, relating to mechanics' liens.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1880.-[380 PAGES.]
Introduction (9 pages).—This gives textual comments on the silk industry; copies
of acts relating to labor passed in 1880; a copy of the act to encourage the manufac-
ture of sugar in the state; and a table based on 955 returns of employers, showing
the variety of goods manufactured, the number of establishments, the number of
employés, and the frequency of payments of wages.
Collated statistics derived from laborers (69 pages).—This comprises nine statistical
tables based on returns from individual employés in response to blanks sent out,
showing for each workingman in certain special occupations, and for each skilled and
unskilled laborer in miscellaneous occupations, his nationality, time of apprentice-
ship, daily wages, yearly earnings of self and family, hours of labor, time lost during
the year, etc.; for selected returns from classified occupations, the earnings and
expenses in detail, of families and single men, and the excess of earnings or expenses
of each, with recapitulations, by occupations; and the number of children employed
in factories, classified by sex and age periods, their hours of labor, and whether em-
ployed at night work. Short textual comments on the tables are added.
Miscellaneous statistics (86 pages).-This presents a number of statistical tables
relating to specific state industries, with textual comments, giving, by establish-
ments for classified industries, the number of employés (men, women, and children),
the average daily wages, the frequency of payment and the movement of wages,
the number of employés, native or foreign born, the number owning real estate, the
value of products, etc.
Fibre industries (20 pages).-This is a textual account of the fibre industries of the
state, including a copy of the act to encourage the production and treatment of
fibres by giving a bounty for raising eertain plants, and two short tables relating
to the growth and production of flax in European countries and in Egypt, showing
the acreage and amount of the product, and the number of spindles and power looms
in operation in 1879.
Ensilage (18 pages).-This gives copious extracts from the Book of ensilage, or
the New dispensation for farmers, by John M. Bailey, of Massachusetts, and
quotations from letters of others showing their experiments in the construction
of silos and the preservation of green fodders, and the success attending their
efforts.
Irrigation (13 pages).-The subject of systematic irrigation is here discussed, and
its advantages and modes of application are set forth, including wood cuts showing …
the various methods that have been contrived for the construction of dams across
streams, and diagrams giving the form of the Persian wheel so extensively used for
irrigating purposes in eastern countries, and the method employed in France of
determining the amount of water delivered upon the land.
Roads (16 pages). This topic treats of the necessity for having good roads, show-
ing their importance to the prosperity and growth of the state, the present (1880)
amount expended upon the roads in 251 townships of the state, and the manner in
which roads should be constructed according to the scientific systems of McAdam
and Telford.
Keeping one cow (16 pages).-This chapter is designed to form a supplement to the
one on ensilage and is based upon a volume issued by the Orange Judd Company,
New York, entitled Keeping one cow. It gives extracts from a series of papers
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY. 129
relating to the milk question, and directions concerning food, shelter, the mode of
making and applying manure, etc., which are embodied in the book.
Foreign labor reports (76 pages).-This subject comprises a textual and statistical
consideration of the relative condition of labor, etc., in Europe and in the United
States, based chiefly upon consular reports. The tables give comparative weekly
wages paid to the several trades in England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Scot-
land, Brussels, and Copenhagen, and the rates paid to similar trades in New York and
Chicago in 1878; the daily wages paid to the mill operatives of Rouen, France, and
Manchester, England; the rates of wages of employés of railroad companies in France
and Germany in 1878, and the north of England for 1870 and 1878; the wages paid
agricultural laborers in Denmark, France, various localities of Germany, Northum-
berland and Durham in England, and in various districts of Ireland and Scotland,
for various years, from 1873 to 1878; the average earnings of employés in the col-
lieries of northern Wales för 1878; the wages paid workingmen in various classes
of employment in Belgium, at La Rochelle, Lyons, and Paris in France, the Bar-
men and Chemnitz districts of Germany, eastern and southern Germany, the Lan-
cashire, Falmouth, Sheffield, Birmingham, Leeds, and London districts of Eng-
land, and in different localities in Scotland and Ireland for various years, from
1873 to 1878; and the price of groceries, produce, etc., in cities of countries already
named, aud in New York and Chicago for various years, from 1873 to 1878.
Food (20 pages). This consists of an article on the above subject by Ezra M. Hunt,
M. D., giving the composition and value of various articles of food, with a few sug-
gestions as to modes of preparation, etc.
State loan and building associations (17 pages).—This discusses the subject of building
associations in general, giving, in tabular form, a list of the associations doing business
in the state, the length of time organized, their location, the number of shares and
shareholders, their receipts, expenses, the manner in which the assets arė invested,
etc.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1881.—[321 PAGES.]
Introduction (14 pages).—This gives general textual comments on the result of investi-
gations, the act to encourage the organization and regulate cooperative associations
of workingmen, remarks concerning cooperation and silk culture, and a table giv-
ing, for a number of selected industries in the state, the number of employés (men,
women, and children), the wages paid, the capital invested, the value of product,
etc.
Collated statistics derived from laborers (82 pages).--Under this heading are given sta-
tistical tables, with textual comments, based on returns received from individual
workingmen representing 219 subdivisions of occupations in which over 11,000
employés were engaged. The tables give, for each laborer in classified industries,
his occupation, wages and yearly earnings, hours of labor, methods of work, the
quantity produced, the movement of wages, the amount of wages saved, if any, the
time lost during the year, etc., with a summary, by industries; the wages and
annual earnings of bottlemakers in various localities of England, their hours of labor,
etc.; the average wages of farm hands in the states of New Jersey, New York, Penn-
sylvania, Massachusetts, and Maryland, in 1881; and the number of operatives em-
ployed, their wages, and number of spindles running in the cotton goods industry in
various foreign countries and the United States.
Opinions, suggestions, and complaints of employés (23 pages).-This gives the views of
workingmen on labor topics, such as reducing the hours of labor, payment of wages,
cooperation, trades unions, sanitary condition of factories, education, convict labor,
child labor, eter
Suggestions for workingmen (32 pages).-This discusses trades unions, labor organi-
zations, and workingmen's clubs, and enumerates the causes which have led to their
establishment and the objects sought to be accomplished by them, etc., including
13400– -9
130
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
extracts from the reports of workingmen's clubs in various parts of England and
Wales.
Specific state industries (31 pages).--This part of the report is divided into four
chapters, namely: Silk industry, Hat industry, Pottery industry, and Brick,
glass, and clay industries. Statistical tables based on the returns of 105 firms
engaged in the silk industry, of 82 firms manufacturing hats, of 38 firms engaged in
the pottery industry, and of 72 firms engaged in mining clay and sand or in mann-
facturing their products, brick, drain pipe, and glass, are given, showing for each
firm in each industry, its location, production, amount of capital invested, the num-
ber of employés (men, women, and children), their wages and frequency of payment,
etc.; and, in addition for the silk industry, the imports of raw silk at New York and
San Francisco and of silk manufactures by articles entered at New York, by years,
from 1875 to 1881; the total value of raw and of manufactured silk imported into
the United States, by years, from 1871 to 1881; the value of silk manufactured in
the United States, by articles, in 1880; the relation the value of the home produc-
tion bears to the imports of raw silk for various years, from 1850 to 1880; the num-
ber of looms and spindles in operation in the United States in 1880, and the number
of establishments and employés in the silk industry in the United States, and the
total amount paid in wages in 1860, 1870, 1875, and 1880. Textual comments on the
tables in each chapter are added.
Statistics of the population, productions of agriculture and manufactures of the state of
New Jersey, from the United States census returns, 1880 (61 pages). This comprises sta-
tistical tables giving the population of New Jersey by decades, from 1790 to 1880, by
sex, color, and nativity in 1880, and by counties in 1880; the productions of agri-
culture by counties; the number of manufacturing establishments in the state, by
industries, and separately for each county, their capital, number of employés, males,
females, and children, the value of their product, etc.; the number of manufacturing
establishments in the state, by decades, from 1850 to 1880, with the total amount paid
in wages, etc.; the number of manufactories of agricultural implements, of lumber
and sawmills, and of meat packing establishments, the number of employés, their
daily wages and yearly earnings, the amount of capital invested, the quantity and
value of the product, etc.
sus.
Iron and steel production in New Jersey (13 pages).-This gives a historical account
of the iron and steel production in New Jersey, from the tenth United States cen-
A table gives, by kind of business done, the number of iron and steel estab-
lishments in the state in 1880, the number of employés, the wages paid, the hours of
labor, the length of time in active operation during the year, the amount of capital
invested, the total value of all materials, the value of the products, etc., for the state
as a whole, and separately by counties.
The dairy interest (25 pages). This treats of the dairy interest of the state, and
points out its value and importance. Illustrative tables show the number of milch
cows, the production of butter and cheese, and the number of gallons of milk sold,
in 1870 and 1880; the number and location of dairy establishments in the state, the
number of employés and their wages, the capital invested, the quantity and value
of the different kinds of product, etc.; a price list of apparatus commonly used in
a well arranged creamery designed for 4,000 quarts of milk per day, including a dia-
gram for the construction of such a building; and the quantity of milk carried by
the railroads of the state, for the year ending October 31, 1881.
The state bounty (12 pages).-Under this topic will be found a short textual con-
sideration of the cultivation of fibrous plants and of sorghum in the state.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1882.—[451 PAGES.]
Introduction (6 pages).—The introductory remarks embrace general textual com-
ments on the results of investigations, and a statement of results obtained. There is
also included a table comparing the manufacturing, mining, and mechanical indus-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY. 131
tries of the state with those of the United States, by decades, for the years 1860, 1870,
and 1880, giving the amount of capital invested, the value of the products, the
number of employés, the total amount paid in wages, and the percentage of gain for
each decade over the other.
The earnings of wageworkers (75 pages).-The information under this heading is
presented in four chapters. The first chapter gives remarks of employés on topics
of interest to wageworkers, and tables based on returns received from working-
men, showing by establishments, for each of a number of selected industries, the
location, the number of employés (men, women, and children), the occupations, wages
and yearly earnings, hours of labor, etc. The second chapter gives the rates of
wages of farm laborers in the United States, from the special report of the United
States Department of Agriculture for May, 1882. It contains tables which present the
average monthly rate of wages of farm laborers, the daily rate of wages of agricul-
tural laborers in harvest, and the average daily rate of wages paid to laborers in
transient service, with and without board, in the several states and territories, in
1866, 1869, 1875, 1879, and 1882. The third chapter gives comparative rates of wages
in the United States and other countries. Several tables, interspersed throughout
the text, show the wages of employés in woollen mills and in cotton mills in Maine,
New Hampshire, and Massachusetts in 1880; the wages paid employés at tanneries in
New York and Pennsylvania in 1880; the wages of employés in iron rolling mills at
Pittsburgh, and at Stratfordshire and Warrington, England, in 1878; the wages paid
workingmen about blast furnaces at Pittsburgh and at Cumberland and Cleveland,
England, in 1879; the cost of producing a ton of pig iron in the Cumberland district,
England, and in the Pittsburgh district; the schedule of wages paid in the manufac-
ture of thread in the United States and in Scotland; the rate of wages paid per
week in the manufacture of silk in the United States and in various foreign coun-
tries; and a comparison of the earnings and cost of living per week of a Lancashire
weaver and family, and a Massachusetts weaver and family, each family being sup-
posed to consume the same quantity and quality of food. The fourth chapter
consists of an extract from an article in the Princeton Review, for July, 1882, entitled
Wages and prices, by Carroll D. Wright, chief of the Massachusetts bureau of labor
statistics. It includes a table showing the average retail prices of groceries, provi-
sions, fuel, etc., at various localities in the eastern part of the United States and in
Canada for 1881-'82.
Suggestions in behalf of workingmen (28 pages). This discusses, in separate chapters,
the contract system, the truck system, the factories act of England of 1878, the
employers' liability act of England of 1880, the society of the Familistere at Guise,
France, and the Workingmen's Club at Millville, New Jersey, with an illustration
of the building occupied by the club.
The building and loan associations of New Jersey (27 pages).-This embraces a textual
consideration of the building and loan associations of the state, reports of secre-
taries of a number of such associations showing the amount of business transacted
during the year, and statistical tables giving the name and location of each associa-
tion, the date of organization, the number of shares and shareholders, the total net
assets, the manner in which the assets are invested, etc.
Carp and carp culture (42 pages).-This consists of a reprint of a paper on Carp and
carp culture, by Milton P. Pierce, Assistant United States Fish Commissioner, giving
the history of fish culture, the several varieties of carp, with illustrations, a con-
sideration of practical carp culture, with illustrations of ponds and directions for
their construction, location, etc.
The state bounty (42 pages).—This discusses the cultivation of fibrous plants and of
sorghum and gives the rate of bounty as authorized under the law. It includes a num-
ber of tables giving the quantity and value of importations of fibers into the United
States in 1882; the importation of manilla hemp, by years, from 1863 to 1882, of sisal
hemp, Calcutta jute, and jute butts and rejections, by years, from 1873 to 1882; the
132
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
amount disbursed and to whom paid, for bounty upon flax straw and flax fibre, etc.;
the importations of sugar for the years 1881 and 1882; the production of sugar and
molasses of the Rio Grande company of the state in 1882, and the production, con-
sumption, and exportation of sugar in Cuba during each year from 1871 to 1880,
inclusive.
The oyster interests of New Jersey (134 pages).-This gives a comprehensive account
of the history, embryology, life, anatomy, and culture of the oyster, the growth of
its shell, its food, enemies, etc. It includes two tables showing the number of ves-
sels and fishermen employed in the oyster industry, the location of the beds, the
amount of capital invested, the quantity and value of the product, and the ship-
ments to New York, Philadelphia, and other points from stations in the state during
the year.
A number of plates are also given illustrating the growth of the oyster,
and a glossary of terms used by oystermen.
Specific state industries (26 pages).-Under this topic will be found a mainly statisti-
cal consideration of iron mines, blast furnaces, paper mills, breweries, and the dairy
interest of the state. The tables give the output of the iron mines for various years,
from 1790 to 1882; for each of fifty-four iron mines, for each of ten establishments
operating sixteen blast furnaces, and for each of thirty-one paper mills, the length of
time in operation, the number of employés, the wages, hours of labor, the value of the
product, etc., in 1882; the number of paper mills in the state, by counties, in 1880,
showing the number of employés (men, women, and children), the wages, the amount
of capital invested, the materials consumed, and the quantity and value of the prod-
ucts; the quantity of beer brewed in various European countries in 1880, with the
consumption per capita of population; for each of forty-eight breweries in the state,
the number of employés, the average daily wages and frequency of payment, the
hours of labor, the amount of capital invested, the value of materials, the value of
products, etc., in 1882; the number of breweries in the state, the capital, etc., by de-
cades, from 1850 to 1880; the sale of malt liquor in the several states and territories
each year, from 1875 to 1882, and in the principal cities of the country each year, from
1877 to 1882; the quantity of milk transported over the railroads of the state each
month during the year, the localities from which shipments were made, and the points
where received; and for twenty creameries, the number of employés, the yearly earn-
ings, the capital invested, the value of the products, etc.
Statistics of the wealth and industry of New Jersey, from the returns of the tenth United
States census, 1880 (28 pages).—This comprises a number of statistical tables giving
for each specified industry the number of establishments, the number of employés
(men, women, and children), the aggregate wages, the capital invested, the value of
materials, the value of products, etc.; the same information, by counties, for a number
of selected industries; the number of vessels and persons employed in the fishery in-
terests of the state, the amount of capital invested, and the quantity and value of the
product; the productions of agriculture, by counties, in 1880, and for each decade,
from 1850 to 1880; the number and value of farms, the number of acres of improved
and unimproved land, the value of farming implements and machinery, the value
of live stock, orchard products, etc., and the number of persons engaged in each of
the principal occupations in the state.
Jail statistics (27 pages).-This contains a copy of the act providing for the record
and report of jail statistics; an abstract of the vice-president's report for New Jersey
on the Criminal classes of New Jersey, made to the Association for the Advancement
of Women, held at Portland, Maine, October, 1882; and statistical tables com-
piled from reports made hy twenty-three jails of the state, giving the number of
commitments of men, women, and children in each county; the same by age periods,
by term of sentence, etc.; the nativity and occupation of prisoners, and the aver-
age daily cost of keeping each prisoner, by counties; and a general statement of tho
Hudson county penitentiary, showing the cost of maintaining the institution each
month during the year ending April 30, 1882, the number of employés and inmates, etc.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY. 133
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1883.-[490 Pages. J-
Introduction (16 pages).-The introductory remarks consist of a general textual con-
sideration of cooperation and manual training, and a statistical summary of collated
statistics, giving, by occupations, returns from employés showing the number report-
ing, their earnings, the earnings of other members of the family, the total cost of
living, the number saving, and time lost; and for a number of industries, classified
by occupations, the number of employés, their average earnings, and number of days
lost during the year.
Information concerning wageworkers (109 pages).-This subject comprises three sta-
tistical tables, being collated statistics from individual employés, showing, sepa-
rately for each industry, the location and occupation of each individual, his hours of
labor, wages, earnings of self and family, the number of days lost, the cost of living, --
in detail, the number in family, and the accumulation of savings; collated statis-
tics from varions establishments showing, separately for each industry and for each
establishment, the number of employés (men, women, and children), the earnings of
the same, by occupations, their hours of labor, the movement of wages, and time not
in operation; and collated statistics showing, for individuals, by occupations, sepa-
rately for each industry, the prices received by piece workers, and the quantity pro-
duced daily or weekly; also, the ages at which workingmen begin to decline and be-
come incapacitated for active work, as well as the diseases peculiar to the various
trades. Also, number of families sharing same house.
Suggestions in behalf of workingmen (58 pages).—The information under this heading
is given in three chapters of text, consisting of remarks and suggestions by indi-
vidual workingmen and others relative to the general condition of employés in various
industrial establishments in the state; of a general consideration of strikes, their
causes and prevention, including a table giving the trade, location, date, cause, du-
ration, and result of 135 strikes that have occurred in the state; and of an account,
with illustrations, of the Workingmen's Institute, at Millville.
Specific state industries: the silk industry; clay and clay products; glass (147 pages).—
This consists of three chapters, one for each industry. The first gives a textual
and statistical account of the production of silk throughout the world generally,
and in New Jersey in particular, including tables showing the silk production by
the different countries; the number of employés (men, women, and children), the
value of the product and the total wages paid for silk production in New Jersey,
for the years 1879, 1880, 1881, and 1882, and in detail, by individual establishments,
for 1883; the rates of wages per week in silk manufactories in the United States and
in various European countries, by occupations and sex; the imports of raw silk at
New York and San Francisco, from 1877 to 1883, and of manufactured silk articles at
New York, from 1876 to 1883; the production of silk manufactures in the United
States in 1882, by articles; the total value of imported silk, raw and manufactured,
separately, by years, from 1871 to 1883; and imports of raw silk at New York and
San Francisco, classified by countries of export, for each month during 1883. This
chapter also includes a summary of the special report of the tenth census on silk
culture, by William C.Wyckoff, giving a full account of silkworms, methods of
culture and raising, with illustrations and instructions as to methods of reeling,
etc. The second chapter gives a brief textual account of the history of pottery
manufacture, the chemical composition of a large number of clays, an account of
the different pottery and clay works in the state, and details of manufacture of
different clay products, with illustrations; and tables showing the production of
manufactures of clay in 1883, the number of employés (men, women, and children),
the average daily wages, the capital invested, and the value of the products. The
third chapter gives a textual account of the history of glassmaking, and of its
growth in the United States and in New Jersey, the methods of production of differ-
ent kinds of glass, with illustrations, and the proportion of materials used in each;
134
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
and a few tables giving, by occupations, the wages of glassworkers in the stato-
´and in Germany, Great Britain, and Italy; a list of glass factories in New Jersey,
and imports of glass and glassware, by articles, for the years 1881, 1882, and 1883.
State bounty (11 pages).-This is a brief textual and statistical account of the
result of the policy of the state in granting bounties for the production of fibres
and of sugar from sorghum. The tables show the disbursement of bounties for flax
fibre, and the result of field and laboratory experiments with sorghum, for the sea-
son of 1883.
Jail statistics (42 pages).-This gives a textual and statistical consideration of
crime in the state, based on reports made by penal institutions. The tables give
for each county the number of inmates, adults or minors, the sex, the cost of main-
tenance, the number of crimes of prisoners in local penal institutions, classified by
age periods and general nativity and by principal crimes; the number committed,
sentenced, and discharged in each county and by each court; and for each county,
the terms of sentences, the education of the convicts, the religious persuasion,
habits, social conditions, former occupations, etc.
Pauperism (74 pages).-This embraces a textual consideration of the general prob-
lem of pauperism, and a textual and statistical account of panperism in New Jer-
sey, including a copy of the poor law. A textual summary, by counties, gives the
cost of maintenance of almshouses in each, the average number of inmates, etc.
The tables give, by minor civil divisions, the population in 1880, the amount ex-
pended in poor relief, the number relieved, men, women, and children; the number
of inmates of poorhouses, adults or minors, their sex, whether native or foreign
born, their conjugal condition, the cost of maintenance, etc.; expenditures of the
state for poor relief, for 1882 and 1883; and separately for Camden county, by wards
and townships, its population, number of saloons, arrests, and deaths, with the
relative number, per thousand of population of each, and amount of poor relief
per thousand of population; also the number of paupers supported in Massachu-
setts, for the years 1864, 1874, and 1882; the outlay for poor relief in various insti-
tutions in New York city for 1880, 1881, and 1882, and in Brooklyn each year, from
1879 to 1882.
Labor legislation (14 pages).-This consists of copies of acts passed in 1883, author-
izing the formation of cooperative societies; limiting the age of children employed
in factories and authorizing the appointment of an inspector to enforce the same;
regulating the hours of labor of children; and abolishing the convict contract sys-
tem.
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1884.-[401 PAGES.]
Introduction (13 pages).-This embraces general textual remarks, copies of the laws
establishing the state bureau of labor and the United States Bureau of Labor, and
a table giving a summary of collated statistics showing, by occupations, the number
of individuals reporting, the wages, hours of labor, the total cost of living, the
number in family, the savings made, etc.
Information concerning wage-earners (233 pages).-This comprises three statistical
tables, being collated statistics from individual employés, showing, separately for
each industry, the location and occupation of each individual, his hours of labor,
wages, earnings of self and family, number in family, time lost, total cost of living,
accumulation of savings, etc.; collated statistics from various establishments, show-
ing separately for each industry, classified by establishments and occupations, the
number of employés (men, women, and children) in each, the earnings and hours
of labor, the movement of wages, and time not in operation, etc.; and collated sta-
tistics, showing for individuals, by occupations, separately for each industry, the
prices received by piece workers, the quantity produced daily or weekly, the ages
at which workingmen begin to decline and become incapacitated for active work, as
well as the diseases peculiar to the various trades. Also, number of families sharing
same house.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY.
135
Suggestions in behalf of workingmen (62 pages).-This subject presents the condi-
tion of wage-earners, including remarks and suggestions by individual workingmen
and others relating to the general condition of employés in the various industrial
establishments in the state; a consideration of industrial education, including a
copy of the act providing for the establishment of industrial schools; a discussion
of the importation of foreign labor under contract, with a table from Wages and
trade, by J. Schoenhof, giving the number of operatives employed and pounds of
raw materials consumed in textile establishments in the United States, Great Britain,
and Germany, and the productive capacity per operative, taking 100 as the unit of
the United States, in order to show the relative efficiency of the workingmen; and an
article on Immigration and the labor problem, by A. S. Meyrick.
An attractive industrial experiment (27 pages).---Under this head is given a joint report
made by the chiefs and commissioners of the various bureaus of labor of an investi-
gation of the economic experiment conducted by the Pullman Palace Car Company
at Pullman, Illinois. The sketch includes its history, the methods of construction,
illustrations of buildings, a brief discussion of wages, rents, expenses of living,
health, etc., and a table giving its growth in population.
The building and loan associations of New Jersey (35 pages).—This gives a textual
and statistical account of the building and loan associations of the state. The
tables give for each of 121 associations reporting, the location, name of its secretary,
date of organization, the number of shares and shareholders, its assets and how
invested, its liabilities, etc., and a recapitulation, by counties, showing the number
of societies in each, their assets, and net profits. The text includes extracts from
reports of the different associations.
Sugar from sorghum (13 pages).-This gives a brief history of the Rio Grande
Company, in Cape May county, and of its attempt to manufacture sugar from
sorghum. A table gives the results of experiments made by Prof. George H. Cook,
director of the New Jersey experiment station, and designed to aid the farmers of
the state in determining the right kind of soil and the proper fertilizers to be used
in the cultivation of sorghum.
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1885.-[458 PAGES.]
Introduction (12 pages). This contains textual remarks concerning profit-sharing,
including a copy of an address by Mr. Godin, who founded the Familistere, and statis-
tical tables giving the population of the state, the number of dwellings and families
by counties, the number of persons to a dwelling, etc., and a summary of collated
statistics showing, by industries and occupations, the number of employés (men,
women and children), their wages, their hours of labor, and the number of days un-
employed, etc.
Information concerning wage-earners (137 pages).-The information under this head-
ing is given in three tables, being collated statistics from individual employés,
showing, separately for each industry, the location, nativity, and occupation of
each individual, his hours of labor, wages, earnings of self and family, the num-
ber in family, the number of days lost, and the total cost of living; collated statis-
tics from various establishments, showing, separately for each industry, by estab-
lishments and occupations, the number of employés (men, women, and children),
the earnings, hours of labor, the movement of wages, and the length of time
the establishment was not in operation, etc.; and collated statistics, showing for
individuals, by occupations, separately for each industry, the prices received by
piece workers, the quantity produced daily or weekly, the ages at which workingmen
begin to decline and become incapacitated for active work, as well as the diseases
peculiar to the various trades.
The condition of wage-earners; the cost of living (45 pages). This topic presents a
statistical consideration of the cost of living, based on budgets collected by the
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SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
•
}
bureau, budgets taken from Massachusetts reports, and English and German budgets
from foreign authorities. The tables give, separately for each industry, 319 budgets
of families in New Jersey for 1884-'85, 19 budgets of families in Massachusetts for 1884,
and 16 budgets of families in Great Britain for 1883, showing the residence, nativity,
and occupation of the head of each family, the number in family, the cost of living,
by items, and the earnings of the head and of other members of the family; and the
average income, number in family, and total expenses of a large number of families
in Germany, by location and occupation; also summaries of the New Jersey budgets,
showing, by occupations, the number reporting and the percentage expenditure and
income, by classes of items, the yearly rent paid, savings, the number of families in
a house and the number of rooms per family; the average and percentage income of
the head and other members of the family, and the total expenditure and average
number in a family (adults and children), of families in New Jersey, Illinois, Massa-
chusetts, Great Britain, and Germany; the average and percentage expenditure, by
classes of items, in each country; and the average expenditure for rent in New Jersey,
by occupations. The text considers Dr. Engel's law of expenditure, including an
illustrative table.
The condition of wage-earners; the chemistry and economy of foods (30 pages).-This
is a reprint of a paper read by Prof. W. O. Atwater, at the third annual session of
the national convention of chiefs of the bureaus of labor statistics in 1885. In addi-
tion to text, it contains tables showing the weight of the different compounds in
the human body, the percentage of different matters in beef, the percentage com-
position of other foods, and the per cent. of indigestible matter in various food mate-
rials; also the comparative cost of protein in food materials, the amount of nutri-
ents, standards of protein, fats, and carbohydrates for daily rations for different ages,
assumed by Prof. Voit, of Munich; and bills of fare, some for a fixed cost, etc.
The condition of wage-earners; what the workingmen think (15 pages).-This embraces
textual remarks and suggestions made by workingmen on topics of interest to
laborers.
Suggestions in behalf of workingmen (58 pages). This consists of two chapters con-
cerning the development of the cooperative movement; and the law and the
laborer, and progressive labor legislation in New Jersey. The first gives a textual
and statistical account of cooperation in Germany, England, and more briefly of the
movement in other countries, and in the United States. Tables show the average
losses of members of peoples' savings banks in Germany each year, from 1872 to 1884;
the average value of shares, and the average amount of borrowed money per mem-
ber, each year, from 1876 to 1884; the number of peoples' savings banks in Germany,
each year, from 1859 to 1884, the amount of their capital, their membership, etc.; the
percentage of membership, by occupations, in peoples' savings banks and consumers'
unions in Germany, for 1883 and 1884. For England, tables give the number of mem-
bers, the anunt of business done, etc., of the Rochdale Pioneers, from 1844 to 1867,
and their financial report for 1814; the number of cooperative societies, the number of
members, etc., in England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland, in 1883; and a list
of British cooperative productive societies, with the date of the establishment of
each, the amount of business done, the profits realized, etc.; also the number of
members, the amount of business done, etc., each year, from 1882 to 1884, of a cooper-
ative grocery store in New Jersey; and a statement of the membership, profits, ex-
penses, etc., of the Trenton Cooperative Society, 1885, of the Kingsdale Cooperative
Association, and of the Fruit Grower's Union and Cooperative Society. The second
chapter gives a historical account of labor legislation in New Jersey, embracing a
history of the labor movement in the state.
The iron industry (38 pages). This includes a textual and statistical considera-
tion, in four chapters, of the iron and zine mines, of anthracite blast furnaces, of
founderies, sheet iron and stect works, and of general manufactories of iron of the
state. Tables give the production of iron mines of New Jersey for various years, from
...
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY. 137
1790 to 1885; the importation of iron, from 1879 to 1885; the wages paid miners of
the Glendon Iron Company, from 1858 to 1886; the price of flour, from 1862 to 1884;
and returns from forty iron and zinc mines of the state, giving the amount of their
output, the number of employés (men and boys), the hours of labor, average wages,
etc.; for the anthracite blast furnaces, the production of pig iron in the state, each
year, from 1874 to 1885; the prices of pig iron, from 1870 to 1885; including an
inserted diagram representing graphically the price and production of pig iron and
of steel rails in the United States, from 1872 to 1885; the number and capacity of
blast furnaces of the country, by states and districts; the number of blast furnaces,
by kind of fuel used, from 1873 to 1885; the capacity of all furnaces, from 1877 to
1885; the production of steel rails in the world, by countries, in 1883; the average
calculated cost of production of pig iron; the actual cost of production at four
furnaces, by items; returns from six blast furnaces of the state, giving the average
wages paid, the number of employés, etc., and similar returns for a number of iron
founderies, sheet iron and steel works of the state, and for a large number of manu-
factories of iron and steel; the price of rolled bar iron, from 1844 to 1885, and of
cut nails, from 1860 to 1884; the output, the total amount paid for wages, the
number of employés and their average earnings for a large iron establishment of
the state, from 1872 to 1884; and an inserted diagram representing changes in
selling prices of iron and in rates of wages paid by the New Jersey Steel and Iron
Company.
The sugar industry (24 pages). This gives a textual and statistical history of the
Rio Grande sugar plantation for raising sorghum and manufacturing sugar, with
a description of the methods of cultivation and manufacture. Tables give the beet
sugar production in different European countries for 1885 and 1886; the bounty paid
for raising sorghum in the state, from 1881 to 1885; a weekly record of the growth of
sorghum cane at the Rio Grande plantation under the effects of different fertilizers,
and the sugar product from each; and a table showing the production from 100 pounds
of cane.
Appendix: Labor legislation of New Jersey (74 pages). This is a compilation of the
laws of the state, establishing a bureau of labor statistics; providing for arbitration
of labor disputes; for legal holidays; regulating hours of labor; hours of labor of
women and children; limiting the age of children employed in factories; regulating
payment of wages under special contracts; requiring accidents in factories, etc., to
be reported; providing for the health and safety of employés in factories; regulating
the hours of labor of children; providing for safeguards against fires in hotels and
other buildings; requiring fire escapes for hotels and other buildings; relating to
depth and construction of foundation walls of buildings, etc.; to seats for street ear
drivers; to seats for female employés in stores, etc.; securing to employés the pay-
ment of wages; providing for payment of wages in legal tender; relating to the
wages of married women; to liens on vessels; to mechanics' liens; exempting tele-
graph employés from militia and jury services; providing for exemption from execu-
tion and attachment; relating to the attachment of wages; to the employment of
apprentices; to relief of the poor; establishing the state reform school; providing
for the education of children; for industrial education; for the protection of chil-
dren; limiting the age of children employed in mines; prohibiting the sale of liquors
to minors under 18 years; gaming by minors under 18 years; the sale of fire-arms
to children under 15 years; the sale of cigarettes to children under 16 years; pro-
viding for the establishment of orphan asylums and homes for children; providing
for public libraries; relating to cooperative societies; to building and loan associa-
tions; to convict labor; abolishing the convict contract system; relating to persons
combining and encouraging others to combine; providing for the protection of pas-
sengers on railroads; regulating telegraph companies; providing for suppression of
Sunday labor; for punishment for embezzlement by servants; relating to the im-
prisonment of witnesses; regulating the sale of liquors to servants; and providing
for the safety of travellers.
•
.
138
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
::
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1886.-[457 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages).
Earnings, cost of living, and prices (177 pages).-This subject embraces five sta-
tistical tables, being collated statistics from individual employés, showing, by in-
dustries, the occupation, nativity, hours of labor, time lost, earnings of self and
family, and total cost of living; workingmen's budgets, showing their occupation,
residence, nativity, earnings of head of family, as well as the total income of the
family, and the total outlay of the family for rent, food, clothing, light and fuel,
society dues, life insurance, and sundries; workingmen's budgets continued, showing,
separately for each industry, the weekly quantity and cost of food consumed per
family, by items; returns from retail dealers showing the range of prices of commodi-
ties in the cities of the state during 1886; and collated statistics from various indus-
trial establishments, showing, separately for each industry, by occupations, the num-
ber of employés (men, women, and children), the earnings and hours of labor, the
movement of wages, the time lost, and prices paid for piece work. A summary of
the last table gives the facts by industries alone. Textual comments on results, with
short illustrative tables, are also given. These tables give a summary of the work-
ingmen's budgets, by occupations; the relative percentage of expenditures, by occu-
pations; the per cent. owning houses or renting, and the average number of rooms
to a house and of families to a house; a statement of Dr. Engel's law with his table,
and a calculation of bills of fare for different industry workers on the basis of the
estimated relative quantities of potential energy in nutrients required by persons of
different classes, as arrived at by Dr. Engel, and by Carroll D. Wright in the report
of the Massachusetts bureau of labor for 1886; and Edward Atkinson's tables giving
the average expenditure for different foods in a New England boarding house,
and the probable cost of food and drink in the United States, by articles, for one
year; the average cost of rations of 6,256 inmates of charitable institutions and
reformatories of Ohio in 1885; the average quantity and cost of different items of food
at 25 cents per man daily, based on analyses of seven dietaries for 191 persons in
Massachusetts; the actual living expenses in detail of two mill operatives at Crefeld,
Germany, and at Bordeaux, France, from consular reports; the relative prices of dif-
ferent foods in 1878 and 1886, taken from the Philadelphia Press; the prices of vari-
ous commodities at different dates, from 1851 to 1880, from the United States census of
1880; and a summary of the table giving collated statistics from industrial establish-
ments, showing, for each occupation, the number reporting, the average length of
time employed, and the average wages, earnings, and hours of labor.
Remarks and suggestions by workingmon (44 pages). This consists of extracts from
remarks made by workingmen concerning their condition, and concerning local
strikes and labor troubles, reduction of the hours of labor, etc.
Phases of the labor question (27 pages). This includes two chapters, one treat-
ing textually of a shorter work day, embracing, besides general text, replies received
from workingmen and tables showing the displacement of muscular labor by ma-
chinery in a single establishment, and the difference in the production of glass vials
under different conditions as to the length of the working day; and the other pre-
senting a general consideration of common schools and the labor question, in the
form of a reprint of the paper read by Prof. Alexander Johnson, of Princeton col-
lege, before the national convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor in 1886.
The building and loan associations of New Jersey (64 pages). This part of the report
gives a textual and statistical consideration of the building and loan associations of
the state. The text includes comments on the returns, a consideration of the plan
of operation and a copy of the constitution of the People's Building and Loan Asso-
ciation of the town of Harrison, New Jersey, and remarks by secretaries giving the
financial operations of their associations in a number of cases. The tables give, by
location, the name and secretary of each association, the date of organization, the
number of shares and of shareholders, the amount of assets and how they are invested,
the amount of profits, the value of shares, etc., and a recapitulation, by counties.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY.
139
Cooperation in New Jersey and in New England (17 pages).-This gives a textual and
statistical account of cooperative stores in New Jersey, including a list of those
organized under the state act, and copies of the reports of such associations as
reported to the bureau, giving their financial operations and conditions, with text-
ual extracts; and tables taken from the monograph of Edward W. Bemis, entitled
Cooperation in New England, giving the name, location, date of organization,
capital, etc., of distributive and productive cooperative enterprises in New England.
The Patrons of Husbandry (17 pages).-This is a textual account of the origin,
progress, declaration of principles, etc., of the Patrons of Husbandry and its po-
sition and efforts concerning cooperation, grange banks, fire insurance, politics, etc.
Specific state industries (48 pages). This part of the report is divided into two
chapters, giving textual and statistical accounts of the silk industry in the United
States and in New Jersey, and of the production and consumption of malt and other
liquors in both the United States and Europe. Under the first head the text gives
a general consideration of the tables and an account of the principal silk manufaċ-
tories in the state. Tables give, by individual establishments, the amount of their
capital, the amount paid in wages, the hours of labor of employés, the value of the
raw material used and of the product, the number of employés, etc.; the average
wages paid silkworkers in Crefeld, Germany, for the years 1882, 1883, and 1884, and
the wages, by. occupations, of men, women, and children in 1884; the number of es-
tablishments in the state, the number of employés and their wages and the value of the
product, for the years 1879, 1880, 1881, 1883, and 1886; the value of imports of silk,
by years, from 1875 to 1886; the relative value of imports of silk from different
countries, from 1883-'84 to 1885-'86; the amount of imports each month of 1886; the
amount and value of imports at New York and San Francisco, by years and months,
from 1880 to 1886; the value of silk manufactures received at New York, from 1879
to 1886, by articles; and the number of mulberry trees sent out to each of various
states by the Women's Silk Culture Association. Under the second head tables
give, by articles, the consumption and production of distilled and malt liquors and
wines in this and other countries, from 1863 to 1886; the internal revenue and cus-
toms receipts from liquors, by years, from 1866 to 1886; the annual consumption of
distilled and malt liquors and wines in the United States and the average annual
consumption per capita during the years 1840, 1850, 1860, and each year, from 1870 to
1886;
for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the consumption per cap-
ita of distilled spirits, wine, and beer, each year, from 1871 to 1885; the total and
per capita consumption of beer and wine each year, from 1881 to 1885; the popula-
tion; the total and per capita cost of all liquors consumed in various years, from 1820
to 1882; and the estimated cost of intoxicating liquors consumed, the number of
apprehensions for drunkenness, the number of convictions for crime, and the number
of lunatics, each year, from 1860 to 1882; the production, importation, exportation, and
consumption of wine in France, each year, from 1879 to 1885, and of distilled spirits and
beer in Germany, each year, from 1872 to 1885; the per capita consumption of luxuries,
by articles, for various countries, from Mulhall's History of prices; the annual produc-
tion, the amount of tax paid, the number of breweries, and the per capita consump-
tion of beer of the world, by countries; and the production of beer in each of
the several states and territories for the years 1885 and 1886. An article by F. N.
Barrett, editor of the New York Grocer, on the cost of alcoholic beverages to con-
sumers in this country, contained in a report of the United States Bureau of Sta-
tistics, is reproduced in full. This article gives, in addition to text, tables showing,
by years, from 1882 to 1886, separately for each article, the per capita consumption,
the estimated cost of liquor consumed, the total population and the estimated drinking
population in this country, and for each brewery of the state making returns, the
amount of its capital, the average number of employés, the length of time in opera-
tion, and the value of material used and of the product, etc.
}
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SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
1
Five manufacturing centres; the growth and present condition of Camden, Jersey City, New-
ark, Paterson, and Trenton (29 pages). This is a mainly textual consideration of the
growth of these five cities, but contains statistical tables for each, giving, by indus-
tries, the number of establishments, the amount of their capital, the number of em-
ployés (men, women, and children), the value of the materials used and of the pro-
Jucts, and the total amount paid in wages in 1880, and a summary for all industries
for 1880 and 1886; and the population, the valuation of property, the amount of in-
debtedness and the tax rate of each for the years 1880 and 1885.
Labor legislation (13 pages).-Copies are here given of the laws of the state relating
to labor, enacted in 1886 and 1887. They comprise laws providing for public libra-
rics; relating to the attachment of wages; requiring fire escapes for tenement houses
and for factories; relating to mutual aid societies; providing for public parks in
cities; for arbitration of labor disputes; relating to building and loan associa-
tions; regulating the hours of labor of street railway employés; providing for lega
holidays; for industrial education; requiring prison-made goods to be stamped; and
providing for the health and safety of employés in factories.
TENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[372 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages).
Labor organizations in America and England (64 pages).-This gives a textual consider-
ation of the tendencies of labor organizations in this country and in England; and
statistical tables concerning labor organizations in New Jersey, giving, separately
for the Knights of Labor and for trades unions, by name of organization and location,
the membership of each at date of organization, the number of men in good standing
and of men not in good standing, during the year, their nativities, hours of labor,
the time and manner of payment of wages, the efficacy of the organization in
increasing wages, reducing hours of labor, and in starting cooperative enterprises,
the membership expenses, and the regulations concerning apprenticeship and ben-
efit features. Summaries give their membership, the number foreign or native
born, the number of males or females, by location and occupation. Two short
tables give, for various years, from 1834 to 1887, the number of trades unions and
Knights of Labor assemblies in the state; and the number of men, women and chil-
dren employed in each of the manufacturing industries of the state, from the United
States census of 1880.
The policy of our labor organizations (36 pages).-This is an account of the history,
principles, objects, and rules of action of the principal labor organizations in the
United States, with a copy of the by-laws of the Paterson board of arbitration.
Benefit features and strike regulations of our labor organizations (51 pages).-This consists
of a textual consideration of the constitutional provisions of the principal labor or-
ganizations of the country in regard to strikes and benefits, and the practical results
of such provisions. Figures are generally given showing the total amount expended
for benefits.
Some further details of the history, success, or failure of the labor organizations of New Jer-
sey (54 pages).-This part of the report is largely devoted to the local history of labor
organizations in the state. There is also given a consideration of the truck system,
of apprenticeship, of cooperation, and woman's work and wages, including extracts
from the first report of Mrs. Barry, a special investigator of the subject of woman's
work and wages, employed by the general assemby of the Knights of Labor.
Strikes and lockouts (107 pages). This embraces a textual account of a number of
recent strikes in the state; a review of strikes and lockouts in the United States,
for 1886 and 1887, including tables from Bradstreet's, showing for each year, by indus-
tries, the number of strikes, the number of days lost in successful and in unsuccessful
strikes in 1887, and the loss of wages in a number of the principal strikes of each year,
etc.; and statistical tables from the Third Annual Report of the United States Com-
missioner of Labor, giving a list of strikes and lockouts in New Jersey each year, from
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY.
141
1881 to 1886, by industries, showing for each, its date, duration, cause, result, whether
ordered by a labor organization or not, the number of employés, their hours of labor,
their wages before and after the strike, the losses to employers and employés, etc.
Summaries give the same, by industries, for the period from 1881 to 1886, and for the
period 1886-'87, from bureau returns; and by years, from 1881 to 1887.
Cooperation (18 pages).-This comprises statements of different persons concern-
ing cooperation and statistical tables giving the number of cooperative societies,
the number of their members, etc., in England, Scotland, and Ireland, for 1875 and
1885; a list of cooperative associations incorporated in the state during the year;
and financial reports for 1887 from several cooperative associations.
The hat industry (7 pages).-This gives a textual and statistical account of the con-
dition of the hat industry in the state. Tables give, by establishments, the amount
of their capital, the number of hats produced and their value, the number of
employés (men, women, and children), the average daily wages of skilled and of un-
skilled employés, the number of months in operation, etc., and the number and
value of hats exported to various countries from San Francisco and from New York
in 1887.
Labor legislation (20 pages).-This consists of copies of acts relating to the employ-
ment of labor and affecting the interests of wage-earners in the state. There are
acts providing for manual training; for industrial education; for the education
of children; relating to building and loan associations; to mechanics' liens; re-
quiring fire escapes for factories and public buildings; prohibiting the sale of
liquors to minors under 18 years of age; relating to landlords and tenants; providing
for public libraries; for the incorporation of library associations; for public
parks; relating to unclaimed deposits in savings banks; and providing for payment
of wages in legal tender.
ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.—[669 PAGES.]
Introduction (5 pages).
Railroad casualties, American and foreign (74 pages).—This is a comprehensive
textual and statistical consideration of the subject of railroad accidents, both in
America and in foreign countries. The text contains analyses of statistics compar-
ing different countries and different periods, and illustrative tables, giving the pro-
portion of passengers killed and injured to the number of passengers carried, in
different countries; by countries or states, the number of casualties to employés,
the road mileage, and the proportion of accidents to the number of miles in opera-
tion, and to the total number of employés; the number of casualties and the pro-
portion to the number of employés, in Massachusetts, from 1878 to 1887. There are
also short tables from the United States census report of 1880, showing the number of
accidents, and the proportion to the number of locomotives in use; and a table from
the Railroad Gazette showing the number of accidents in 1887, by causes. The record
of New Jersey is given for thirty-six years, with the record for 1887 in detail, in-
cluding short tables showing the number of accidents by periods, 1852-'57, 1857-'67,
1867-'77, 1877-'87, and, by years, from 1878 to 1887, whether to employés or passengers,
and whether fatal or not; the number of accidents in 1887, by railroad systems and
classes of occupations; the number of accidents in Michigan in 1886, by occupations.
A summary of the incomplete records of New Jersey since 1852 gives the number and
per cent. of fatal and non-fatal accidents, by occupations. Considerable text relates
to the causes of accidents and a summary of railroad legislation in the different states.
The general statistical tables give the number of railroad casualties in New Jersey
in 1887, by roads, whether to passengers or employés, and fatal or not fatal; the num-
ber of casualties in New Jersey during the period 1877 to 1887, and for 1887 alone, by
roads and causes; the number of casualties, by periods, from 1852 to 1887, and by roads;
the number of casualties to employés in each of seven states, classified by causes,
etc., for the years 1886 and 1887, respectively, and the same information for seventeen
states; the number of casualties occurring in the United States, in 1879–80, fatal or
142
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
not fatal, whether from carelessness or not, to employés, passengers, all others or un-
classified, from the United States census of 1880; and from the same a table showing,
by geographical groups of states, the number of accidents to employés, passengers,
etc., and whether fatal or not, the number of miles of road in operation, the number
of employés, the number of passengers carried, etc.; the number of casualties in
each of ten states and in Germany, Austria, and Holland, to employés and passen-
gers, showing the responsibility for the same; the number of accidents on the
united railroads of New Jersey, from 1878 to 1887, by classified causes; the number
of casualties in Massachusetts, to whom occurring, whether from carelessness or not,
etc., each year, from 1878 to 1887; and the number in Ohio, each year, from 1868 to 1887,
showing the number fatal or not, whether to employés or passengers, and the amount
paid for injuries. There is included a paper on railroad casualties in the United
Kingdom, taken from the general report of the board of trade, Loudon, 1887, which
gives, in addition to text, tables showing the number of employés killed and injured,
from 1878 to 1887, in coupling and uncoupling operations and in shunting operations
including coupling and uncoupling; the number of railroad employés killed and
injured by train accidents and whilst engaged in their several occupations, each
year, from 1874 to 1887, and the proportion of the whole number killed or injured to the
total number employed; the number of employés of railroad companies in 1887, by
occupations, the number injured and killed and the proportion of killed and injured
to the total number employed in 1886 and 1887; the number of passengers and em-
ployés killed and injured in 1887, by classes of accidents; and the number of acci-
dents each year, from 1877 to 1887, by causes.
Other tables give the number of train accidents, the number killed, etc., in the
United States, each month during 1887, and each year, from 1877 to 1887, as reported by
the Railroad Gazette, and tabulated by the Massachusetts railroad commissioners;
the proportion of passengers killed and injured from causes beyond their own con-
trol, in Massachusetts, each year, from 1878 to 1887, and in the United Kingdom, from
1874 to 1887; the number of passengers carried for each one killed on surface steam
railroads of New York, from 1883 to 1887; the proportion of passengers killed and in-
jured from causes beyond their control on railroads in the United Kingdom, New York,
and Massachusetts in 1884; the number of persons killed per 1,000 persons carried
on railways in several German states, and European countries, according to Dr. Engel;
also the number of persons killed or injured in their several occupations, whether
of railroad or otherwise, in 1869, separating the employers from the employés, the
proportion of fatal and non-fatal accidents in every 1,000 who met with accidents, by
occupations; the number of accidents, in 1869, to men and women, by industries and
detailed causes; the number of fatal accidents in Prussia, each year, from 1883 to 1885,
by occupations, and the number occurring in the exercise of a trade; the number of
persons killed in Prussia each year, from 1873 to 1876, and the number of those who
were in active employment. There is also given an article from the Railroad Gazette
of September 25, 1885, on the car-coupler holocaust, which gives, in addition to text,
tables showing a record of employés killed and injured by accidents and of those
suffering from natural diseases in the Baltimore and Ohio Employé Benefit Associa-
tion for different periods, from 1880 to 1885; a record of the nature of the injuries to
employés for the year ending September 30, 1883, and for the twenty-nine months pre-
ceding; the number of accidents in coupling cars in 1878 and 1879, being the years
before and after the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Company was com-
pelled to use coupling sticks; a comparison of the number of employés in the United
States killed and injured in 1884 and 1880; and the percentages of the various causes
of casualties to employés for various periods in Massachusetts, New York, Michigan,
and Iowa, according to their state reports; the number of employés in the United
States killed and injured in train accidents from 1882 to 1884; and the average number
killed and injured in train accidents and in coupling cars in New York during the
period from 1885 to 1887.
•
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY.
143
!
Employers' liability for personal injuries to their employés (168 pages).-Under this head-
ing is given a comprehensive textual consideration of the legal liability of em-
ployers for personal injuries to their employés. It includes a table of average wages
of railroad employés, an account of both home and foreign legislation, accounts of
railroad insurance, of the Baltimore and Ohio Employés' Relief Association, with an
official table showing the character and amount of benefits paid from May 1, 1880,
to September 30, 1887; of the Pennsylvania Voluntary Relief Department, with
tables showing the number of payments and the amount of benefits paid for the
years 1886 to 1888; the total membership for each year, by roads, the amount of con-
tributions, and the average benefit, etc., each year; of the Philadelphia and Reading
Relief Association; and of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Relief Fund, with a table
giving, by years, from 1878 to 1887, the number of contributors and the amount of the
contributions. An appendix gives copies of employers' liability laws of various
countries and states, a report of a select committee of the house of commons, 1877,
on employers' liability, the decisions of various courts on the subject, an account
of the regulations of the various railroad relief associations in the United States
and also of several in various European countries, with illustrative tables in some
cases, and extracts from consular reports bearing on employers' liability.
Wage statistics (207 pages).—This comprises statistical tables, based on data fur-
nished to the agents of the bureau by both the employers and employés connected
with many of the largest industries of the state. There are ten tables. The first
set, four in number, gives the number and wages of employés in 175 industrial
establishments, by sex and occupations, separately for each industry, with the per
cent. of the total number receiving more or less than the average rate of wages; by
industries, the number and per cent. of employés (men, women, and children), classi-
fied by wages received; and by industries, the number of establishments, the number
and per cent. of employés (men, women, and children), and their average wages. Other
tables give the cost of production of various manufactured products, by the classes
of items of labor, materials, administration and other expenses, and the percentage
of each class to the total cost; by products, the percentage in which labor,
materials, administration, other expenses, and profits enter into the value of the
product. Collated statistics from individual employés embracing 805 wageworkers,
give, by industries, the occupation, nativity, place of employment, hours of labor,
wages, earnings, and time lost, by causes, of each employé; also, for each one, the
number in his family, the number working, their earnings, the total cost of living,
whether belonging to a benefit association, etc. A final table for 292 female workers,
gives, for each one, by industries, her conjugal condition, nativity, occupation,
number of years at work, wages, number of months employed, the price paid for
board, etc.
Cooperative building and loan associations of New Jersey (167 pages). This gives a
textual and statistical account of savings banks and cooperative building and
loan associations in New Jersey, and, more briefly, of those in other states. The
text includes decisions of state courts, and copies of the acts of New York and
Massachusetts concerning building associations, a consideration of the methods of
operation of different kinds of associations, with short illustrative tables, an
extract from Dexter's treatise on Cooperative savings and loan associations, on
the division of profits, statements from a large number of secretaries of associa-
tions, and short illustrative tables giving the number of savings banks, the number
of deposits, etc., in the state, each year, from 1878 to 1888, a list of savings banks in
1887, the dates of their organization, the amount of their deposits, etc., and the
number of building associations, in various years, from 1860 to 1888, and by coun-
ties. The general statistical tables give, by location, a list of building and loan
associations in the state, the amount of the assets of each, the number of shares and
shareholders, etc., with a summary, by counties, and for each association the num-
ber of shareholders (men, women, and children), the number of borrowers, the
premiums paid, the total profits per share, the value per share, etc.
..
144
SPECIAL REPORT OF. COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
School statistics (19 pages).—This gives statistical tables, with textual comments,
showing, for each of various cities in the state, by grades or departments, the
number of schools, the number of pupils, the average and percentage daily attend-
ance, by sex, the number of teachers, etc., the number of pupils enrolled and
attending, by age and sex, the total number of children in the state, by ages, aud
the percentage enrolled and attending school, the percentage of children, by ages,
enrolled in public schools in cities of the state, from 1875 to 1888, the percentage
of school children of all ages enrolled in the public schools, from 1885 to 1888, in each
of the principal cities, the percentage average of daily attendance in each city in
1888, by ages, and the per cent. of children of school age enrolled in each, by age
periods and sex.
Labor legislation (10 pages).—This consists of copies of the acts of the state legislature
passed in 1888, providing for the education of children; for public libraries; for the
appointment of deputy factory inspectors, etc.; requiring fire escapes for factories
and public buildings; relating to building and loan associations; to mechanics' liens;
providing for the protection of trade marks; and a supplement to the act providing
for the establishing of a bureau of labor statistics.
TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[454 PAGES.]
Introduction (4 pages).
The effect of occupation on the health and duration of the trade life of workingmen (303
pages).—Under this heading are given a discussion of the influence of occupation
upon the health and trade life of workingmen, and a brief account of what has been
done in this country and in various European countries in the way of factory inspec-
tion and the collection of health statistics, etc.
The tables comprise the summarized replies from 4,739 journeymen engaged in the
glass, hat, and pottery industries of the state, as well as information respecting sev-
eral hundred workingmen who, from incapacity or other causes, had quit the trades at
which they were once employed. These tables show, by industries and occupations,
the age of the employés when they began to work, their present ago, the number
native and foreign born, the age at which they begin to decline, the length of time
journeymen have been at work, classified by years, and their nativity, by industries;
the age of incapacitated workingmen, or of those who have left the trade; the causes
of decline or diseases of journeymen contracted at work, and the age of decline or
when disease was contracted, etc.; a record of deaths among members of various
workingmen's associations, showing the cause of death, etc.; and records showing,
in detail, the age and causes of decline of journeymen, and of diseases contracted at
their trades, etc. In connection with and as introductory to the tables, there is
given an account of the results of the more general observations of medical experts,
based on private professional experience or the official inspection of workshops and
mills. A chapter of text and tables from Elements of vital statistics, by Dr. Arthur
Newsholme, gives information as to the death rate in various professions and occu-
pations, by periods, from 1861 to 1871, and from 1880 to 1882; and the comparative
mortality of males working in air of different degrees of purity, and in certain dust-
inhaling occupations, from phthisis and disease of the respiratory organs.
Copies of the factory act of Switzerland of 1877, and of the factory and work-
shop acts of England, of 1878 and 1883, and extracts from the factory act of France,
are added.
Real estate mortgage indebtedness and foreclosure executions (86 pages).-This chapter
gives a textual and statistical consideration of real estate mortgage indebtedness in
the state. The general tables give, by counties, for various years, the number of real
estato foreclosure executions; the number issued against individuals and corpora-
tions, showing the number of acres and lots involved, the amount of the mortgages,
etc., for various years, from 1856 to 1888; the foreclosure executions in the principal
cities, and the mortgages foreclosed by corporations classified as building and loan
associations, insurance companies, bauks, etc., giving the number and amount in-
༣
:
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ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW JERSEY.
-NEW JERSEY. .145
volved for various years, from 1856 to 1880; the number of foreclosure executions,
classified by the amount of the mortgage and acreage, the life of mortgages on farm-
ing hands and on lots for various years, from 1856 to 1880; the number of recorded
mortgages, by counties, for various years, from 1870 to 1888; the number and amount
of mortgages recorded in Essex county, for the years 1875, 1880, and 1886 to 1888, and
the proportion made to corporations, and the assessed valuation of real estate in-
1875, 1880, 1885, and 1886, classified as rural, urban, seaside, etc., with the increase
or decrease-for each period. Tables illustrating the text give summaries showing
the proportion of foreclosures to mortgages, and of foreclosures and mortgages to
the population and to the value of the real estate of the state for the periods covered
by the general tables; the number and amount of foreclosures against individuals
and on farm lands each year, from 1880 to 1888; the rates of interest charged, etc., on
mortgages; and the number and liabilities of mercantile failures in New York city,
New Jersey, the middle states, and in the United States, each year, from 1880 to
1888, from Bradstreet's.
Industrial cooperative legislation in England and the United States (40 pages).—This topic
presents information on the industrial cooperative legislation in this country and in
Great Britain, including a synopsis of the laws regulating the organization and man-
agement of cooperative associations in England and in Switzerland, as well as copies
of acts in force in various states of the Union.
Labor legislation (8 pages).—This is devoted to labor legislation enacted at the session
of the state legislature during the year, providing for industrial education; requir-
ing fire escapes for factories, etc.; providing for public libraries; and relating to
banks, building and loan associations, and other corporations.
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.—[454 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages).
Cooperative building and loan associations (286 pages).-This is a textual and statisti-
cal account of the building and loan associations in New Jersey, compiled from data
furnished by the secretaries of these associations in conformity with an act approved
June 13, 1890. Their development and extent and the several plans under which
they are operated in the state are shown in a series of short tables and in the state-
ments furnished by the secretaries. A paper prepared by S. R. Struthers, of Plain-
field, considers the advantages of combining the methods of life insurance and build-
ing and loan association investment; another paper, prepared by Judge Seymour
Dexter, of Elmira, New York, treats of the growth of these associations and their
economic value; and a communication to the Newark Evening News of January 29,
1891, by C. Birdsall, points out some of their defective methods. Brief summaries
classify the associations of the state, by counties, according to the number of shares
outstanding, the number of shares borrowed on, the membership, the number of bor-
rowers, the net assets, the number of series, shares, and shareholders, the indebted-
ness, income, and expenditure, and the investment of assets. General tables 1 to 5
give a list of the building and loan associations of the state, their location, names of
secretaries, dates of organization, and the maturing values of shares; general statistics
in detail, showing the number of series, shares, shareholders, and borrowers, the net
assets, instalment dues, and arrears, the net profits, indebtedness, receipts, aud dis-
bursements, and the number of salaried officials; a detailed statement of the nature
of the investment of assets and the amount of arrearages; the number paying for
homes, the number of houses built during the year through loans from the asso-
ciations, and the number of shares outstanding in each series and their value. These
tables are followed by specimen reports of several associations, the constitution and
by-laws of the Building and Loan Association League of New Jersey, the laws of the
state relating to building and loan associations, and the first English building asso-
ciation act (1836).
13400-10
146
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Abandoned farms, farm values, and the depopulation of the rural districts of New Jersey (33
pages). This chapter consists entirely of statistical tables, numbered 2, 3, and 4, the
first part, relating to abandoned farms, having been omitted and referred to the state
board of agriculture for further investigation. Table 2 gives, by counties and town-
ships, the acreage, the market value per acre of best, medium, and poorest cultivated
farms, and the per cent. of increase or decrease since 1880. Table 3 gives the popula-
tion of cities of 4,000 inhabitants and over in 1880 and 1890, and table 4 the popula-
tion of minor civil divisions for the same years.
Effect of occupation on the health and duration of the trade life of workingmen (57 pages).—
This part of the report is a continuation of the investigation begun by the bureau the
preceding year to determine the duration of the active trade life of employés in vari-
ous industries, and consists chiefly of a textual and statistical consideration of the
conditions surrounding miners of iron ore, glassworkers, hatters, and potters. The
tables show the age when they began work, their present age, nativity, the number
beginning to decline, the age of decline, the number of years at work, and separately
for miners, in detail, the ages and causes of decline and incapacity.
The question of apprenticeship in the glassblowers' trade (22 pages).-Under this head-
ing is presented an account of the trouble existing between the manufacturers and
workingmen in the green glass bottle trade for several years past, relating to the
question of apprentices in this trade.
Development of statistical inquiry in New Jersey (30 pages).-This is a general review of
the development of crusts inquiry, both of the United States and the state, and of
statistical investigation in New Jersey in particular, including a summary of the
work of the bureau since its organization. A few short tables, interspersed through-
ont the text, give the population of New Jersey in 1726, 1737, 1745, and 1784.
Labor legislation (8 pages).-This is a compilation of the acts passed by the legisla-
ture in 1830 al 1891 in the interest of labor, relating to the appointment of
special police officers; to the establishment of legal holidays, including labor day;
to mechanics' licus; and providing for the better securing of wages to employés ou
public works and to employés of corporations.
FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.-[618 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages).
Labor legislation of New Jersey (169 pages).—This shows the development of labor
legislation in England aud in this country and gives a summary of factory legisla-
tion in the state; decisions of New Jersey courts; a copy of the factory and work-
shop act of England of 1891; and a compilation of the laws of the state limiting the
hours of labor and preventing the employment of children in factories under 10
years of age; regulating the hours of labor on election day; relating to days of
recreation and holidays; regulating the hours of labor of employés of surface and
elevated railroad companies; providing for the better protection of the drivers of
horse cars on street passenger railways in the cities and towns of the state; requir-
ing employers to provide suitable seats for female employés; limiting the age and
hours of labor of children, minors, and women; providing for the health and safety
of employés in factories; requiring fire escapes for hotels, manufactories, and other
buildings; providing for arbitration of labor disputes; for the education of children;
for the establishment of schools for industrial education; for the protection of
children from neglect and cruelty; securing to employés the payment of wages;
providing for payment of wages in legal tender; relating to the wages of married
women; providing for exemption from execution or other process; relating to
mechanics' liens; providing for the collection of demands against ships, steamboats,
and other vessels; regulating convict labor; abolishing the convict contract system;
relating to persons entering into unlawful combinations; authorizing the formation
of railroad corporations and regulating the same; providing for the better protec-
tion of passengers upon railroads, and insuring the prompt transportation and
i.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS- -NEW JERSEY. ·147
-
delivery of freights; exempting telegraph operators and linemen from militia duty;
suppressing vice and immorality; establishing a bureau of labor statistics, with
supplements thereto; incorporating benevolent and charitable institutions; provid-
ing for the adoption of labels, trade marks, and forms of advertising by associations
or unions of workingmen; and incorporating building associations formed by
Knights of Labor or other societies of organized labor, etc.
The effect of occupation on the health and duration of the trade life of workingmen (64 pages).—
This is a continuation of the line of investigation followed by the bureau in 1889
and 1890 to determine approximately the influence of occupation upon the health
and trade life of those employed in the leading industries of the state. The tables
comprise the tabulated returns from 6,815 journeymen employed in the county of
Essex, and in the cities of Trenton, Elizabeth, Paterson, and Jersey City, namely:
2,732 carpenters, 1,235 housepainters, 1,022 bricklayers and masons, 701 stonecutters,
661 plumbers, and 461 printers; and a summary of the data relating to glass workers,
hatters, potters, and miners of iron ore, published in the two preceding annual re-
ports of the bureau. These tables give, by industries, the ages of the employés when
they began to work, their present ages, the number native and the number foreign
born, the ages at which they began to decline, the length of time journeymen have
been at work, classified by years, their nativities, classified by industries, the
causes of decline or diseases of journeymen contracted at work, the ages of decline
or when the disease was contracted, etc.
Cooperative building and loan associations of New Jersey, (339 pages).-This is a textual
and statistical account of the building and loan associations in the state, compiled
from returns received from the secretaries of these associations and made in con-
formity with the law of the state. The text contains general remarks on expenses,
indebtedness, cancelled shares, withdrawals, maturity of shares, rate of profits,
premiums, and loans; extracts from statements made by secretaries; extracts from
the report of the secretary, Prof. George Forman, of Newark, New Jersey, to the first
annual meeting of the New Jersey Building and Loan Association League, including
a copy of bulletin No. 1, issued by him, on Apportionment of profits; a synopsis
of an address delivered before said league, on the management of a building and
loan association, by Judge Seymour Dexter; and a paper read before said body, by
Prof. Martin Mulvey, principal of the Newark Business College, on the subject of
building and loan association bookkeeping.
The development of the building and loan movement in New Jersey during the
past six years is shown in a series of short tables. Brief summaries classify the as-
sociations of the state, by counties, according to net assets, to the number of shares
outstanding, the number of shares borrowed on, the membership, the number of bor-
rowers, the number of series, shares, and shareholders, the net assets, net profits, in-
debtedness, receipts and disbursements, the investment of assets, the maturity of
shares, the interest and premium rates, the premium plans, periodicity of issuing
series, maturing value of shares, and instalment dues payable, and real estate mort-
gage loans, showing the largest and the smallest loan, and the distance at which the
loan is placed.
The general tables, five in number, are presented in a manner similar to those out-
lined under the same heading in the preceding annual report. These are followed by
specimen reports of several associations.
Supplementary labor legislation (25 pages). This part of the report contains the labor
laws enacted by the legislature of the state during the session of 1892. These are
laws providing for the amicable adjustment of grievances and disputes that may arise
between employers and employés, and authorizing the creation of a state board of
arbitration; relating to peace officers; providing for the appointment of a commis-
sioner of mines, and defining the powers and duties of such commissioner; for the
safety, health, and work hours of operatives in factories and workshops; securing
to laborers and workingmen in the employ of corporations a prior lien for wages
in cases of insolvency; the payment of laborers, mechanics, merchants, traders, and
7
148.
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
persons employed upon or furnishing materials toward the performing of any work
in public or private improvements in cities, towns, townships, and other munici-
palities in the state; protecting trade marks and labels; providing for the publica-
tion of legal advertising in newspapers devoted to the interests of organized labor
in cities containing fifty thousand or more inhabitants; and for the formation and
regulation of cooperative societies of workingmen (enacted in 1884).
NEW YORK.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1883.-[127 PAGES.]
Report (34 pages).-Under this heading are embraced a statement of the organic
law creating the bureau of labor statistics; correspondence concerning the general
purposes of the bureau, and concerning the legality of the existing contracts for
convict labor; conclusions of the commissioner that said contracts are invalid and
grounds of such conclusions; information as to the value of buildings furnished by
the state to contractors; as to the number and wages of convicts employed by the
several contractors in the various industries in which convicts were employed; two
short statistical tables, showing for each year, from 1854 to 1876, the earnings and
expenses of the Sing Sing, Auburn, and Clinton state prisons, collectively, under
the public account system, and for each year, from 1877 to 1882, under the contract
system; and statements and arguments of friends of the contract system in its favor.
Testimony of manufacturers and workingmen on the results of convict contract labor in the
New York state prisons, 1883 (22 pages).—This part of the report embraces the replies
of manufacturers and workingmen engaged in the same industries as those pursued
in the prisons of the state, to circulars making inquiry as to the effect upon their
business, of the employment of convicts under the contract system.
Testimony of experts in prison management on contract system (14 pages).-Under this
head are embraced statements emanating from various authorities on prison dis-
cipline as to the effects of different systems and plans.
Review of the testimony and recommendations (15 pages).-An analysis of the informa-
tion obtained, and recommendations to the legislature that the then existing con-
tracts for prison labor be annulled; that further contracts for the labor of convicts
be prohibited by law, and that in lieu thereof manufacturing under the piece prico
system be substituted.
Appendix (39 pages). The appendix contains an itemized statement of the expen-
ditures of the bureau from June 1, 1883, to January 8, 1881; copies of the various
existing contracts under which labor was performed by convicts in the state
prisons, and the laws of the state regulating the making of contracts for convict
labor.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1884.-[521 PAGES.]
Child labor (352 pages).—This subject embraces a textual and statistical considera-
The tables are based on returns
tion of the employment of children in the state.
received from manufacturers and agents of the bureau, and give for each establish-
ment reporting, the value of the raw material used, the amount of capital invested,
the expenses, the total amount paid in wages, the number of employés, by sex, over
14, and under 14, 13, 12, or 11 years of age, respectively, their nationality, intelli-
gence, wages, hours of labor, size of rooms in which employed, their sanitary con-
dition, etc. The text consists of testimony taken to establish the fact of existence
of child labor in the state; the testimony of physicians establishing the injurious
effect of child labor upon the physical nature of the child; an essay by Roger S.
Tracy, M. D., sanitary inspector of the board of health of New York, upon the hygiene
of occupation, giving the diseases peculiar to each trade, with their causes; tos-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW YORK. 149
timony establishing the effect upon the moral and educational growth of children
employed in factories, and the standard of intelligence of such children; the educa-
tional legislation of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut; a table giving,
by counties and cities of the state, the number of children of school age for each
qualified teacher; the average daily attendance per teacher, etc.; extracts from
reports of school superintendents on the subject of child labor; an account of the
manual training school of Saint Louis, Missouri; and copies of laws passed by the
legislature of New York regarding child labor and factory inspection.
Report of the Pullman investigation (18 pages).—This is a joint report by the chiefs
and commissioners of the various bureaus of labor of an investigation of the economic
experiment conducted by the Pullman Palace Car Company, at Pullman, Illinois.
The sketch includes the history of Pullman, its methods of construction, tables show-
ing its growth in population, the religious belief of its inhabitants, and a brief dis-
enssion of wages, rents, living expenses, and health, etc.
1
Visit of the subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Education and Labor to factories and
operatives' homes (11 pages).-An account of the visits made by the committee to sev-
eral operatives, homes and cotton factories in New England, with an accompanying
table giving the wages of workingmen and workingwomen, by occupations, for the
years 1850, 1855, and 1883, in the Manchester, New Hampshire, mills.
Labor laws of the different states (131 pages).-Under this heading are given copies
of the laws in force in the various states regulating the employment of women and
children, factory inspection, hours of labor, etc. The text is followed by two tables,
one giving the school statistics of the United States for 1882, showing, by states and
territories, the school population, the number enrolled in public schools, the average
daily attendance, and the average duration of school, in days; the other, derived
from the official returns of the tenth census, 1880, giving the number of persons
engaged in the various occupations in the United States for 1870 and 1880. The laws
referred to prohibit the manufacture of hats by convicts; abolish the convict con-
tract system; prohibit the manufacture of cigars in tenement houses in certain
cases; secure the wages of employés in cases of assignment; prohibit the employ-
inent of children by contract in houses of refuge; relate to the payment of wages
to minors, and to the employment of apprentices; secure the wages of female em-
ployés; require employers to provide seats for female employés; provide for exemp-
tion of homesteads from execution; secure the wages of railroad employés; regulate
the hours of labor on public works; relate to cooperative associations, unlawful
assemblages; to conspiracy; provide for the education and protection of chil-
dren; regulate the hours of labor; prohibit the employment of women and children
in mines; provide for the health and safety of employés in factories; secure inspec-
tion of factories through district and other police officers; regulate the hours of
labor of children in factories; limit the age of children employed in mines and in
factories; regulate the hours of labor of children, and payment of wages under
special contracts; prohibit intimidation of employés; relate to liability of em-
ployers for injuries to employés; regulate the hours of labor of women and children,
and the hours of labor of women and children in factories; etc. A copy of the Great
Britain factory act of 1878, entitled "A bill to consolidate and amend the law
relating to factories and workshops," and the English trade working rules, includ-
ng copies of the working and trade rules as agreed to by the Liverpool Master Build-
ers' Association, and the organizations representing the several building trades in
in Liverpool, England, are also given.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1885.-[655 PAGES.]
Introductory (9 pages).—This includes a statement of the duties pertaining to the
bureau, the methods employed in conducting its investigations, and suggestions for
promoting its efficiency and best interests.
1
i
;-
150
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
0
Workingwomen (180 pages).-A textual and statistical consideration of the employ-
ment of workingwomen in New York city. Tables, compiled from returns received
from manufacturers and employés, give for each occupation, separately, the number
of employés, the lowest, highest, and average wages per week, their conjugal con-
dition, hours of labor, earnings, number of days lost, place of living, amount paid
for board, the quality of food, the condition of their homes, the sanitary condition
of their place of work, and safeguards against fire. The text gives, with illustra-
tions, the results of visits to the places of work and the homes of workingwomen;
accounts of New York's charitable institutions for workingwomen, including homes,
asylums, etc.; a consideration of the evil of prostitution, giving the causes in two
thousand selected cases, and the testimony of physicians in a position to afford
information; an account of lodging houses in the city, with a table giving their loca-
tion, the number that they accommodate, and the price for lodging; and a general
consideration of workingwomen's wages, their hours of labor, health, etc.
•
Strikes (136 pages).-This subject embraces testimony of employers and employés
regarding strikes and blacklisting which occurred in the state during the year
ending November 1, 1885, and a short table giving a list of strikes, by industries,
their location, date, number of persons engaged in the strike, and the causes and
results.
Boycotting (32 pages).-A textual account, with testimony by employers and em-
ployés regarding boycotts, and two tables, one giving a list of boycotts that occurred
in the state during the past year, and the other giving, by industries, the number of
boycotts, with their results, in the United States, during the years 1884 and 1885.
Arbitration (113 pages).-This consists of a textual consideration of arbitration in
France, giving an account of the Conseils des Prud'hommes; of arbitration in Swit-
zerland; the laws of various states in regard to arbitration; a copy of the rules of the
Straiton and Storm board of arbitration of New York city; an account of arbitration
in England; and testimony and a textual consideration of arbitration in the state.
Foreign labor (36 pages).-Testimony concerning foreign labor in the state, and a
table showing the trades affected by foreign labor.
Reduction of hours of labor (26 pages).-This gives a brief sketch, with testimony
of employés, of the several attempts made by workingmen to bring about a reduc-
tion in the hours of labor, and a table showing the hours of labor, wages, and average
time employed, of workingmen engaged in various trades in Albany, Buffalo, New
York, and Utica.
Labor organizations (67 pages).-A textual consideration of trades unions in England,
with a copy of her trades unions law; a brief account of labor organizations in the
state, and testimony of workingmen in favor of legalizing trades unions.
Conclusions and recommendations (17 pages).-This embraces a general textual con-
sideration of the results of the investigations conducted by the bureau during the
past year, with brief recommendations for legislative enactment of measures for the
amelioration of the condition of the working classes.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1886.-[860 PAGES.]
Introduction (11 pages).-This includes a review of the act creating the bureau, a
proposed amendment to extend its powers, and the methods pursued in conducting
its investigations.
Apprenticeship (203 pages).—This subject embraces a comprehensive textual and
statistical consideration of the whole apprenticeship question. The text, in addi-
tion to a general discussion of the subject, gives specimens of advertisements
inserted in the New York Herald, Sun, and World, by persons in search of work,
at certain skilled trades and callings, and advertisements for boys and young men
possessing a knowledge of certain trades, with tables showing the number of such
advertisements each month in 1886; an exposition of the methods employed by employ-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW YORK. 151
ment agencies; a copy of the state apprenticeship law; an article on the appren-
ticeship law of the state of New York, together with references to the principal
legal decisions in which the respective rights and obligations of masters and
apprentices have been determined, compiled by Thomas Hampson; extracts from
remarks furnished by employers, employés, and others; the rules and regulations of
trades unious and labor organizations concerning apprentices, with a table giving,
by name of organization, their rules and regulations relative to apprentices; and a
consideration of apprentices in foreign countries. Additional tables derived from
the reports of the Bureau of Statistics of the United States Treasury Department,
give the number of immigrants, by occupations, each year, from 1873 to 1885; and the
number landed in New York and in other districts each year, from 1881 to 1885. Tabu-
lated statements compiled from employers' and apprentices' returns show the rela-
tive number of journeymen and apprentices in different occupations in Troy, New
York, and Brooklyn; the nationality of foremen or superintendents indifferent man-
ufacturing and industrial establishments of the state; the length of time of appren-
ticeship; the nativity of parents and apprentices; and the number of parents with the
same occupation as apprentices. Other tables give reports from county superin-
tendents and overseers of the poor, and chiefs of penal or reformatory institutions
in the state, showing the occupations in which boys and girls who are inmates are
employed.
Manual training (141 pages).-This is a comprehensive textual consideration of the
general problem of manual training; of manual training schools or similar institu-
tions in New York city; of prominent institutions in other states and of Girard
college; the opinions of prominent educators as to manual training and public
education, with a tabulation of their opinions and the opinions of leaders of trades
unions and labor organizations on the same subject.
Technical institutions and trade schools (44 pages).-This consists of a textual consid-
eration of the Worcester free institute, of the Sibley college, with illustrations;
of technical institutions in foreign countries, of the Hoe apprentice school of New
York city, of the Auchmuty trade school, New York city, and extracts from opin-
ions and views of labor organizations at home and in England, bearing on the sub-
ject of technical education.
Strikes (302 pages).—This topic embraces a textual and statistical consideration of
strikes in the state from November, 1885, to November, 1886. A general table gives
a list of strikes and lockouts, by industries, showing for each the cause, number of
persons engaged, duration, cost, result. mode of settlement, etc., with a summary
presenting the same facts in totals for each industry. Other tables give strikes
classified by industries, showing wages before and after strike, and number report-
ing an increase or decrease in wages, the number of employés reporting a discrimi-
nation between union and non-union men, a list of sympathetic strikes, with results
and modes of settlement, the number of establishments affected by strikes, arranged
by counties, the number of establishments closed as the result of strikes, the num-
ber of persons engaged in strikes and their loss of wages, a list of threatened strikes,
their causes and results, the number of women and girls engaged in strikes, the
number of arrests and disposition of the cases, the losses to employers from vari-
ous canses, and a tabular review of strikes, arranged by causes and results. The
text gives an account of the strikes tabulated, remarks and opinions of employers
and employés on strikes and their consequences, arguments in favor of short hours
of labor, complaints against the truck store system, aud a general consideration
of the grievances of laborers. The number of building permits issued and the value
of buildings erected in New York city, each year, from 1881 to 1886, are given and
the same for Brooklyn for 10 months of 1886.
Boycotting (69 pages). This consists of a textual and statistical consideration of
boycotts during the year ending November, 1886. A table gives a list of boycotts,
by industries, showing their causes, duration, and results. The text gives accounts
152
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
of boycotts tabulated, and of trials for boycotting or for offences growing out of
boycotts, in the courts of New York and other states.
Street car employés (31 pages).-A textual consideration, giving testimony and com-
ments concerning the hours and general conditions of labor of street car employés.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[792 PAGES.]
Introduction (30 pages).-This embraces a brief review of the work accomplished by
the bureau since its organization, a general discussion of questions relating to labor,
and suggestions regarding laws in the interest of the working people.
Strikes of 1887 (481 pages).-This includes a textual and statistical consideration of
strikes and lockouts in the state from November, 1886, to November, 1887. A series
of tables, arranged by classified industries, is introduced, presenting in detail the
following facts: Table A shows the canses of strikes, the number of persons engaged,
and results; table B shows the mode of settlement; table C, the wages before and
after strike; table D, the hours of work before and after strike; table E, the num-
ber of sympathetic strikes, with their causes, results, and modes of settlement; table
F, the number of threatened strikes, with their causes and results; table G, the
amount of wages lost to employés, the number of establishments reporting, and the
number of persons engaged; table H, the number of persons refused work after
strike; table I, the cost of strikes to labor organizations; table J, the estimated
gain in wages as result of strike; table K, the loss to employers from failure to fill
contracts; table L, the loss to employers from refusal of new contracts; table M,
the diversion of trade to other manufacturers and states, with estimated losses;
table N, the loss from injury to goods or machinery by striking employés or from
lack of experience of new employés; table O, the number of establishments closed,
or in which work was partially suspended as a result of strikes, lockouts, etc.; table
P, the number of firms reporting a discrimination between union and non-union men;
table Q, the number of arrests and disposition of the cases; table R, the number of
women and girls engaged in strikes; table S, the number of establishments affected
and number of persous engaged in reported strikes, lockouts, and boycotts in each
county of the state from November 1, 1886, to November 1, 1887. These detail tables
are followed by a general summary, showing, by trades or industries, the number of
establishments reported on strike, the number successful, compromised, doubtful,
unsuccessful, or still pending, the number of persons engaged in, and the number of
persons refused work after strike, the amount lost in wages, the amount expended
for relief and conduct of strike, the estimated gain in wages for one year, and the
loss to employers from all causes. A general table, arranged by occupations, gives,
for each strike, lockout, or boycott, separately, its cause and duration, the number
of establishments and the number of persons engaged, the number remaining at
work, the number refused work after strike, etc., the results, the mode of settle-
ment and losses to employers, to employés, and to labor organizations. The text gives
accounts of the strikes, lockouts, and boycotts tabulated; of building improve-
ments in New York City and Brooklyn; and the wages and hours of labor in certain
trades in cities.
Boycotts (34 pages).—This contains a textual consideration of a number of boycotts,
with tables giving, by industries, the number of establishments reporting a boycott,
and a list of boycotts, by industries and causes, giving their duration and results.
Early closing and holidays (9 pages).-This is a textual consideration of the recent act
of the state legislature designating holidays, and of holidays in Great Britain.
Conspiracy prosecutions and conspiracy laws (138 pages).-This includes a textual cou-
sideration of recent conspiracy cases; and a historical account of early labor legis-
lation in England, New York, and other states down to the date of the report.
Labor laws of 1886 and 1887 (78 pages).—This consists of copies of the laws passed
by the New York legislature, providing for the prevention of cruelty to children; for
the protection of children; for inanual training; for the collection of debts against
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS -NEW YORK. -153
ships; regulating the hours of labor of street railway employés; providing for safe-
guards in running elevators; securing the wages of employés in cases of assignment;
incorporating the Gramercy Park School and Toolhouse Association, the Industrial
School of Rochester, the Burnham Industrial Farm, and boards of trade; defining
liability for wages in the Lockport Water Supply Company and in the Niagara River
Hydraulic Tunnel, etc., Company; relating to mechanics' liens; to draining and
plumbing in Rochester; regulating the hours of labor of women and children; lim-
iting the age of children employed in factories; extending by amendment the powers
of the bureau; providing for the arbitration of labor disputes; for free lectures
in natural history to teachers and others; establishing a prison labor reform com-
mission; municipal lodging houses in the city of New York; relating to the State
Industrial School; regulating processious and parades in cities; relating to pubile
buildings; to the inspection of steam boilers in Brooklyn; providing for licensing
engineers in the city of New York; for the sanitary construction of tenement houses;
relating to cooperative life and casualty insurance associations; providing for legal
holidays; for public libraries; requiring prison-made goods to be stamped; reg-
ulating the time of payment of promissory notes, etc.; providing for safeguards
in factories and for certain restrictions in cleaning dangerous machinery; requiring
fire escapes for factories and accidents in factories to be reported; providing for
the moral protection of messenger boys; fixing the penalty for Sabbath breaking;
providing free instruction in industrial drawing; relating to building and loan asso-
ciations; prohibiting intimidation of employés because of membership in labor
organizations; and relieving industrial insurance companies from taxes.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.-[2 VOLS., 1312 PAGES.]
Introduction (20 pages).-This includes a review of the work accomplished by the
bureau during the year and remarks on the value of the bureau and other questions
of interest to the working people.
Wages and working hours (1014 pages).-This embraces a number of statistical tables
based on returns from employers and labor organizations. A detailed division of in-
dustries is first made, and each one is then taken up separately. A table for each
gives, by occupations, the number of establishments, number of employés, highest
and lowest rate of wages, and hours of labor. Other tables give for each, except a
few unimportant industries, highest and lowest wages, and hours of labor prevailing
in a large number of the different trades unions and other labor organizations, each
year, from 1883 to 1887; with textual opinions and remarks of labor organizations
relative to the value of organization, and the wages and nationalities of non-union
men.
Opinions of employers and labor organizations relative to the causes of the rise or fall in
wages (32 pages).-These are tabulated statements compiled from returns of employ-
ers and labor organizations, showing the number reporting a rise or fall of wages,
together with the causes producing such rise or fall, and in some cases special au-
swers relating to the subject:
Strikes and boycotts (219 pages).-This embraces a textual and statistical considera-
tion of strikes and boycotts in the state from November, 1887, to November, 1888.
A series of tables, arranged by classified industries, is introduced, presenting in de-
tail the following facts: Table A shows the causes of strikes, the number of persons
engaged, and results; table B shows the mode of settlement; table C, the wages
before and after strike; table D, the hours of work before and after strike; table E,
the number of sympathetic strikes, with their causes, results, and modes of settle-
ment; table F, the number of threatened strikes, with their causes and results; table
G, the amount of wages lost to employés, the number of establishments reporting,
and number of persons engaged; table H, the number of persons refused work after
strike; table I, the cost of strikes to labor organizations; table J, the estimated
gain in wages as result of strike; table K, the loss to employers from failure to fill
contracts; table L, the loss to employers from refusal of new contracts; table M, the
154
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
}
5
diversion of trade to other manufacturers and states, with estimated losses; table
N, the loss from injury to goods or machinery by striking employés or from lack
of experience of new employés; table O, the number of establishments closed
or in which work was partially suspended as a result of strikes, lockouts, etc.;
table P, the number of firms reporting a discrimination between union and non-
union men; table Q, the number of arrests and disposition of cases; table R, the
number of women and girls engaged in strikes; table S, the number of estab-
lishments affected by and number of persons engaged in reported strikes, lockouts,
and boycotts in each county of the state from November 1, 1887, to November 1,
1888. These detail tables are followed by a general summary, showing, by trades
or industries, the number of establishments reported on strike, the number suc-
cessful, compromised, doubtful, unsuccessful, or still pending, the number of per-
sons engaged in and the number of persons refused work after strike, the amount
lost in wages, the amount expended for relief and conduct of strike, the estimated
gain in wages for one year, and the loss to employers from all causes.
A gen-
eral table, arranged by occupations, gives for each strike, lockout, or boycott,
separately, its cause and duration, the number of establishments, and the number
of persons engaged, the number remaining at work, the number refused work after
strike, ete., the results, the mode of settlement, and losses to employers, to employés,
and to labor organizations. Two additional tables give, by industries, the number
of establishments reporting a boycott, and a list of boycotts showing their causes,
duration, and results. The text gives full accounts of the strikes, lockouts, aud
boycotts tabulated.
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[822 PAGES.]
Introduction (10 pages).-This consists mainly of a textual consideration of the char-
acter and results of the investigations conducted by the bureau. Short tables give
the number of establishments involved in strikes, the number of strikers, and the
result of strikes each year, from 1885 to 1889; the same facts are given for general
strikes alone and for threatened strikes.
Strikes for five years, from 1885 to 1889 (455 pages).-This subject embraces a textual
consideration of the ethics of strikes, extracts from the constitutions of labor organ-
izations relative to strikes, Mr. Giffen's table, giving a comparison of wages fifty
years ago, with present wages, and statistical tables compiled by the bureau.
Twenty general tables give a record of each strike during five years, 1885 to 1889,
arranged by industries. Table A groups the strikes according to causes, and shows
the year in which each occurred, the number of establishments involved, number of
persons engaged in strike, the result of strike, amount lost in wages, and the cost to
labor organizations; table B shows the mode of settlement for four years, 1886 to
1889; table C, the wages before and after strike; table D, the hours of work before
and after strike; table E, the number of sympathetic strikes, with their causes,
results, and modes of settlement for four years, 1886 to 1889; table F, the number of
threatened strikes, with their causes and results, for four years, 1886 to 1889; table
G, the amount of wages lost to employés, the number of establishments reporting,
and number of persons engaged; table H, the number of persons refused work
after strike, for four years, 1886 to 1889; table I, the cost of strikes to labor organ-
izations; table J, the estimated gain in wages as result of strikes; table K, the
loss to employers from failure to fill contracts; table L, the loss to employers from
refusal of new contracts; table M, the loss from diversion of trade; table N, the
loss from injury to goods and machinery due to strikes or inexperience of new em-
ployés; table O, the number of establishments closed or in which work was par-
tially suspended; table P, the number of firms reporting a discrimination between
union and non-union men for four years, 1886 to 1889; table Q, the number of ar-
rests and disposition of cases; table R, the number of women and girls engaged in
strikes; table S, the number of establishments affected by and the number of persons
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NEW YORK. 155
engaged in strikes, lockouts, and boycotts in each county in the state; table W,
the number of establishments reporting a boycott, for four years, 1886 to 1889. A
summary for the whole period is given for each table. Two additional tables, one
arranged by years, the other by causes, give, by trades and industries, the number
of establishments involved, the results, and the number of persons engaged in
strikes.
Strikes and boycotts, 1889 (306 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consideration
of strikes, lockouts, and boycotts in the state during 1889. Tables, designated by
letters, running from A to W, give in the main for 1889 the same facts which are pre-
sented in corresponding tables under the head of Strikes for five years, 1885 to
1889, immediately preceding this topic. In addition to these, a table gives the
number of boycotts for the year, their causes, duration, and results; and a general
table, arranged according to occupations, the cause of each strike, lockout, or boy-
cott, the number of establishments involved, the duration, the number of persons
engaged, the number of persons remaining at work, and the number refused work •
after strike, etc., the results and mode of settlement, the loss to employers, the
amount lost in wages, and the total cost to labor organizations. The text gives a
description of the principal strikes, lockouts, and boycotts during the year, by indus-
tries, with tables giving the price list of wages of silk ribbon weavers, and average
wages of carpet workers in 1877, 1878, 1883, and 1857.
Labor legislation, 1888, 1889 and 1890 (37 pages).-Copies of laws affecting labor,
passed by the state legislature, are here given. They relate to mechanics' liens; pro-
vide for industrial education; relate to drainage and plumbing; provide for licensing
employment offices; relate to the employment of apprentices; abolish the convict
contract system; provide for the proper employment of convicts; regulate the pilot-
age of the port of New York; provide for the payment of wages in legal tender;
relate to the payment of wages in scrip; provide for the protection of trade
marks; regulate the hours of labor of women and children in factories; limit the
age of children employed in factories; require fire escapes for factories; provide for
the safety of employés in factories; demand all accidents to be reported; regulate
the length of meal time for employés; provide for the health and comfort of female
employés in factories; secure the wages of female employés; prohibit intimidation
of voters; provide for the weekly payment of wages; for the health and safety of
employés in mines; and prohibit the manufacture of hats also typesetting and
printing by convicts; etc.
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[2 VOLS., 1211 PAGES.]
Introduction (4 pages).—This briefly discusses the agitation of labor questions, and
contains an outline of the work accomplished by the bureau during the year.
Claims of labor (740 pages).This topic treats of the agitation for an eight-hour
day and its effect on labor interests. There are given a vast amount of statistical
data and general information bearing directly upon the subject; an elaborate his-
torical sketch of the agitation for shorter hours that has been going on at the hands
of organized labor during the past century, in which a summary of the legislation
sought and obtained in this and various foreign countries is set forth; female and
child labor in Europe and its effects upon population; and a review of the hours of
labor, wages, and general condition of wage-earners in the several trades and occu-
pations, including shops, stores, mills, and manufacturing establishments of the
state, from 1882 to 1890, and, as far as possible, the facts relating to persons engaged
in trade and commerce. The review of hours of labor and wages, part of which is
given in tabular form, is based on returns of trade and labor organizations of the
state, and shows separately for each trade or occupation the daily wages and hours
of labor, and, for some industries, also the number of employés and the highest and
lowest wages paid, etc.. This is followed by accounts of cigarmakers' strikes, from 1886
to 1889, and of woodcarvers' strikes, caused by differences regarding hours of labor,
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SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
from 1885 to 1889. Other divisions of the subject investigated are: Early closing and
the Saturday half-holiday; facts and official opinions elicited from organized labor as
to the feasibility of enforcing eight hours as the standard day's work, and the effect of
such a law on workingmen out of employment, on immigration, on the working
force, on wages, and on retail storekeepers; opinions of statesmen, literary, and
professional men, and distinguished writers on economic questions in this and
foreign countries; the relation between hours of labor and wages, given in tabular
form; the effect of the introduction of machinery on labor and its displacement;
laws and reforms suggested by labor organizations or their official representatives;
and copies of laws of various states regulating the hours of labor of men, women,
and children.
Y
C
Strikes and boycotts (430 pages).-This subject embraces a textual and statistical
consideration of strikes and boycotts that occurred in the state during the year
The strikes investigated include 6,258 establishments, employing 93,894
1890.
persons.
Tables, designated by letters, running from A to W, present the facts obtained in a
manner similar to corresponding tables under the head of Strikes for five years,
1885 to 1889, given in the report for 1889. In addition to these, a table gives the
number of boycotts for the year, their causes, duration, and results; and a general
table, arranged according to occupations, the cause of each strike, lockout, or boy-
cott, the number of establishments involved, the duration, the number of persons
engaged, the number of persons remaining at work, and the number refused work
after strike, etc., the results and mode of settlement, the loss to employers, the
amount lost in wages, and the total cost to labor organizations.
The text gives a description of the principal strikes, lockouts, and boycotts, by
industries.
NORTH CAROLINA.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[251 PAGES.]
Act establishing bureau and introduction (7 pages).
Employés' returns (47 pages).-A textual consideration of the condition of labor in
the state is herein presented, together with extracts from workingmen's returns,
and two statistical tables, which embrace about one-half the returns, giving the
average wages of employés, by counties and mechanical occupations, with the general
hours of labor převailing in each county; and by counties and occupations, for indi-
viduals, their hours of labor, earnings, rent, cost of living, time lost, the number
owning houses, the number in family, etc.
Miscellaneous employers' returns (26 pages).—This constitutes a brief textual consider-
ation of the industries in nearly all the counties of the state, views of employers as
gathered from their returns, and a statistical table, ten pages in length, giving, by
counties and individual establishments, other thau for cotton and tobacco, the num-
ber of months they were in operation during the year, their capital, the value of
their product, the number of employés, the percentage owning their homes, the
average wages paid for skilled and unskilled labor and for the labor of women and
children; times of payment of wages, the hours of labor, and condition of em-
ployés, etc.
Landlords' returns (40 pages).—A general textual consideration of farming in the
state is here presented, with views of landlords on various subjects taken from
their returns, and a statement in tabular form, giving, by counties, the average
wages paid farm laborers, by sex, and the educational, moral, and financial con-
dition of farm labor in the state.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-
157
-NORTH CAROLINA.
?
Farm tenants and laborers (23 pages).-General text, with views of tenants and farm
laborers, and a four-page table compiled from returns of farm laborers and tenants,
giving, by counties, the average wages received, the amount paid for rent, the gen-
eral condition, etc., of farm laborers in the state.
Cotton manufactories (14 pages).-Under this head is given a general textual account
of the manufacture of cotton in the state, embracing the views of cotton mill em-
ployers and employés on various subjects as given in letters to the bureau; and two
statistical tables, six pages in length, one giving, by counties, the average number
of hours worked per day, the daily rate of wages, by classes of occupations, sex, and
age periods, and the general condition of employés in cotton mills; and the other
showing, by counties and classes of goods manufactured, the number of spindles
and looms, the amount of capital employed, of cotton consumed, and value of prod-
uct, the number of men, women, and children employed, their condition, etc., in
thirty-one mills making reports to the bureau.
Tobacco manufactories (9 pages).-This consists almost wholly of two statistical tables,
based on returns from employers and employés in forty tobacco factories, giving, by
counties and establishments, the character of the product, the number of employés
(men, women, and children), and the average wages of each, by classes of occupa-
tions; the frequency of payment of wages, whether in cash or trade checks, the hours
of labor, the number of months the establishment was in operation, the amount of
capital employed, the amount of leaf tobacco consumed, the amount and value of
the product, etc.
Railroads (9 pages).-Statistical tables are presented, giving, for each of the eighteen
railroads in the state, separately, the number of employés and their average wages,
by occupations, and in most cases their hours of labor.
Convict labor (44 pages). This is a general textual consideration of the different
methods of employment of convicts, and includes copies of a large number of letters
from prison officials, mechanics, and manufacturers within the state, and from prison
authorities in different states of the Union. A two-page table is also given, showing
the location of the state prisons of certain states, the system of working the con-
victs in each, the number of years such system has been in use, other systems which
have been tried, the system preferred, the hours of labor of convicts, and the articles
manufactured.
Labor and social organizations (19 pages).—A general textual treatment of the subject
is given, containing accounts of the Knights of Labor, the Farmers' Alliance, and
the Patrons of Husbandry, and statements of their principles, etc.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.-[440 PAGES.]
Introduction (6 pages).
Reports from mechanics (144 pages).—This topic consists of brief geueral text, numer-
ous extracts from letters of mechanics on various subjects, and two statistical tables
47 pages in length, giving, by counties, the occupations of individual mechanics re-
porting to the bureau, their hours of labor, their wages and how paid, the number of
days lost through inability to obtain work, the price paid for board, the amount of
rent, the number in family, their educational and moral condition, etc., and a recapit-
ulation, giving, by counties, the average hours of labor, the average wages, the aver-
age rent paid, the average number of persons in a family, etc.
Reports from mechanical and other employers (65 pages).—This subject is devoted to
views of employers of mechanics and others, and a statistical table covering 22 pages,
based on returns received from 421 establishments gives, by counties and individual
establishments, their capital, the number of months they were in operation during
the year, the number of employés (men, women, and children), the value of the
product, the wages paid each class of labor, their hours of labor, the percentage of
wages paid in cash and in merchandise, the cost of board, and the general condition
of employés, etc.
\
158
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
•
Apprentices (41 pages).-Under this head are given a general textual consideration
of the apprenticeship law of the state; opinions obtained from the clerks of the.
-superior courts of the state, from mechanics and others, as to its practical workings;
and a compilation of the laws of the state relating to apprentices, and of apprentice-
ship laws of other states.
Manual and technical training (23 pages).-A copy of the act creating an industrial
school, and a general textual consideration of manual and technical training, embrac-
ing extracts from a number of addresses and papers on the subject.
Public roads (103 pages).—This embraces a general textual consideration of the neces-
sity of good roads; numerous extracts from correspondence on the subject, arranged
by counties; extracts from road laws of other states; a synopsis of the road law of
North Carolina; and a tabular statement of the rates of taxation in various counties
in different states for state, county, school, road, and other purposes.
Agricultural statistics (43 pages).—Under this head is presented general text, followed
by extracts from the correspondence of 229 farmers with the bureau, and a statistical
table 12 pages in length, giving, by counties and individuals, the number of acres
in each of the 229 farms, the value of each, the number of acres cultivated, the ex-
penses of farming in detail, the value of farming implements, stock, etc., the value of
the crop, its value in relation to the cost of its production, the number in the fam-
ily, etc.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[291 PAGES.]
Introductory (3 pages).—This is in the nature of a letter of transmittal, and contains
an outline of the work performed by the bureau during the year.
Agricultural statistics (135 pages).-The statistics in this chapter are based on the
crop of 1889, and are made up of returns received from 224 farmers, ar ranged by
counties, giving for each farmer reporting the number of acres in his farm and its
value; the number of acres cultivated by him, and their value; the value of farm-
ing implements and other personal property; the value of the products; and the
expense of the farm in labor, wages, fertilizers, etc. A number of returns gives ad-
ditional information, such as the value of land per acre; the acreage in particular
crops, and the products and value of the same; the wages paid day hands; the wages
paid hired help, etc.
Public roads: Reports and views of road supervisors (77 pages).-This part of the report
gives the replies of justices of the peace who are, under the law, the supervisors of
the roads in their respective townships, in answer to circular letters sent them by
the bureau, with reference to the condition of the public roads and the methods of
working them. The replies show the efficiency or inefficiency of the old system of
working roads; preferences as to methods of working roads; satisfaction or dissatis-
faction of the people with the present system, and their preference as to methods.
Suggestions are also made for the improvement of the road laws and of the roads.
Public roads: Reports and views of physicians (22 pages).-Circular letters similar to
the ones sent to justices of the peace, mentioned in the preceding chapter, were also
sent to the leading physicians in different parts of the state. Their replies show
preferences, as given in the preceding chapter.
Financial, moral, and educational condition of laboring people; reports and views of physi-
cians (26 pages).—Under this heading are given brief general texts, and the replies of
191 physicians, from seventy-two counties, in answer to circular letters sent them by
the bureau, concerning the condition of laboring men and women and their families.
These replies show the financial and educational condition of the people, and
whether advancing or retrograding; the proportion supplied with books and news-
papers; and the number of public libraries in each county, with the number of
volumes they contain. In addition, suggestions are made as to the best method of
promoting mental, material, social, and moral prosperity.
Reports of mechanics and of laborers (22 pages). This topic consists of numerous
extracts from letters of mechanics on various subjects, and of a statistical table
ANALYSIS OF LABOR 159
A
BUREAU REPORTS-NORTH CAROLINA.
A
giving, by counties, the occupation of individual mechanics reporting to the bureau
the term of apprenticeship in their respective trades; their wages and hours of labor;
their yearly earnings; the number of days lost through inability to obtain work;
the price of board per month; whether owning a home, or, if renting, the amount
of rent paid per year; the number of children of school age, and the number in
attendance during 1888-'89; whether a member of any church, and the number in
family who are members; whether supplied with books, the number of newspapers
taken, etc. The report closes with a list of newspapers and periodicals published in
the state, together with the place of publication.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[319 PAGES.]
Introductory (14 pages).-This gives an outline of the work performed by the bureau
during the year 1890, the methods pursued in its investigations, and arguments on
the value of statistics and the utility of the bureau to the general public.
Cotton and woollen mills (78 pages).-This chapter gives the reports of proprietors of
cotton and woollen mills and of persons employed in said mills. The first part,
relating to the mills, shows for each of 46 establishments, its location, class of goods
manufactured, the number of spindles and looms, power used, the number of days
in operation, capital employed, quantity of cotton or wool consumed, the product,
the amount paid for labor, the average number of men, women, and children em-
ployed and their average wages, hours of labor, house room for employés, educational
and religious facilities, and literacy and illiteracy of employés, number owning
homes, etc. The second part gives for each of 33 employés his occupation, whether
he owns a home; daily wages, total annual earnings, days lost, number in family,
cost of living, per cent. of increase or decrease of wages, number of children attend-
ing school, and the number working in factories, the wages of boys and girls em-
ployed in factories, and opportunities for education and public worship.
Tobacco factories (27 pages).-This chapter is made up of reports from manufacturers
of tobacco and gives for each of 31 establishments, its location, class of goods manufac-
tured, the number of days in operation, capital employed, the quantity and value of
tobacco used, the value of the product, amount paid for internal revenue and for
labor, the average number of men, women, and children employed, the wages of dif
ferent classes of employés, and their educational, moral, and financial condition in
general.
General manufactures (50 pages).-This part of the report contains the information
gathered from the returns of 88 miscellaneous manufacturing establishments, show-
ing for each its location, trade or business followed, the number of months in opera-
tion, capital employed, value of products, amount paid for labor, average number of
men, women and children employed, and their average daily wages and hours of
labor, per cent. of increase or decrease of wages, per cent. of wages paid in cash, mer-
chandise, or orders, and the educational, moral, and financial condition of the labor-
ing people in general.
Employés in tobacco factories, tanneries, etc. (42 pages).—The facts presented in this
chapter are compiled from returns received from 54 persons engaged in various
occupations, treating, in the main, of the same subjects, given in the second part
of the first chapter, relating to employés in cotton and woollen mills.
Agricultural reports (105 pages).—This part of the report is made up of returns re-
ceived from 156 farmers residing in different sections of the state, giving for each
farmer reporting the number and value of acres in his farm, the number and valne
of acres cultivated by him, the value of farming implements and other personal
property, the value of the products, and the expenses of the farm in labor, wages,
fertilizers, etc. A number of returns give additional information concerning the
agricultural interests of particular localities in the state. The report closes with a
list of the newspapers published in the state in 1891.
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SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.-[367 PAGES.]
Introductory (2 pages).-This is in the nature of a letter of transmittal, and pre-
sents a brief review of the work performed by the bureau during the year.
Agricultural report (117 pages).-The statistics, in this chapter, compiled from re-
ports received from farmers in different sections of the state, give information in
reference to farm values and farm products, the cost of production, the per cent. of
average crops, the acreage in particular crops, and the value of the same, the price
of farm labor, and the general condition and efficiency of farm laborers.
Cotton and woollen mills (77 pages). This chapter contains the information gathered
from the reports of cotton and woollen mill proprietors, and from employés in said
mills. The first part, relating to the mills, shows, for each one separately, its loca-
tion, the class of goods manufactured, the number of spindles and looms, the power
used, the number of days in operation, amount of capital employed, quantity of
cotton or wool consumed, the quantity and value of product, the amount paid for
labor, the average number of employés (men, women, and children), the average
wages, hours of labor, and educational and religious facilities. The second part
· gives for each employé reporting his occupation, wages per day, and total carn-
ings for the year, the number of days lost, frequency and mode of payment of
wages, cost of living, opportunities for education and public worship, ownership of
homes, etc.
Tobacco factories (20 pages). This chapter is made up of information collected
from the reports of manufacturers of tobacco in reference to the class of goods
manufactured by them, the capital employed, value of products, amount paid for
internal revenue and for labor, the average number of men, women, and children
employed, hours of labor, wages of different classes of employés, and their educa-
tional, moral, and financial condition in general.
General manufactures (146 pages).-The information contained in this part of the
report was collected from the reports of proprietors of manufacturing establishments
other than cotton, wool, and tobacco, and of persons employed in various manufac-
turing establishments in different sections of the state, and relate to the capital em-
ployed in each establishment reporting, the time it was in operation, the value of
products, wages of laborers, hours of labor, and the general condition of laborers
and their families, both from the standpoint of the employer and of the employed.
The report closes with a list of the newspapers published in the state in 1892.
NORTH DAKOTA.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT, 1889 AND 1890.—[227 PAGES.]
Introductory (14 pages).-This is a statement of the duties of the commissioner; of
the difficulties encountered in gathering reliable statistics, with some suggested rem-
edies; of the value of statistics, and, in conclusion, of the returns received from
each county.
Sugar beets (14 pages).-Under this head are given the results of an investigation
by Prof. Babcock, of the State university, concerning the culture of sugar beets in
North Dakota. The report contains tables giving analyses of different soils in the
state, and of soils from various parts of France and Russia where beets are culti-
vated, and also of samples of beets raised in North Dakota.
Coal (16 pages).—This is a report made by Prof. Babcock concerning the deposits
of coal in the state. It embraces local descriptions and analyses, with a number of
diagrams, showing the character of the formation in the different localities described;
and a table giving, by counties, the number of mines in the state, the output of
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-NORTH DAKOTA.. 161
1
coal, the number of employés, the price per ton paid for mining, the amount of cap-
ital invested, and the weekly wages of employés.
The sheep industry (4 pages).-This is a brief statement of the information received
from stockmen and others informed on the subject concerning stock raising in Nortà
Dakota, with especial reference to sheep.
Crop reports for 1890 (20 pages). In this chapter statistical tables are presented,
based on returns from 134 farmers in different parts of the state, giving, by counties,
so far as reported, the number of acres and average yield of various farm products
in 1890; and the quantity of wheat raised in each county in 1880, 1885, and each year
from 1887 to 1890.
Vital statistics (4 pages).-These statistics are presented in tables showing, so far as
reported, the number of marriages, births, and deaths in each county of the state;
the nationality and age of parties married, by counties; the nationality of the par-
ents of the children born; and the number of deaths in each county by nationalities,
age periods, and causes of death.
Temperature and precipitation, 1889 (1 page).—Under this head are presented statistics
concerning the temperature and rainfall at the various signal service stations in the
state during 1889.
Farm statistics (14 pages).-These statistics show, by counties, the size and value of
farms; the acreage sown and the yield of the different crops for the year 1889; the
number of acres to be sown or planted during 1890; the quantity and value of dairy
products during 1889; the live stock on hand in 1890; and the number of acres in
orchards, berry fields, and vineyards.
Ownership of real estate by individuals as distinguished from corporations (2 pages).—A
single table is here given, showing, by counties, the assessed valuation of real estate
in North Dakota, so far as reported, and of the real estate owned by individuals and
by corporations.
Municipal indebtedness (2 pages).-Under this head is presented a table showing, by
counties, the amount of the county, city, township, and school-district indebtedness.
Deaf and dumb, blind, idiotic, and insane (1 page).—A table showing, by counties, the
number of deaf and dumb, blind, idiotic, and insane in the state on the first day of
May, 1890.
County finances, 1889-'90 (89 pages).—Statistical tables are here given, showing, for
each county, its bonded and floating indebtedness, and cash in treasury, each year
from 1885 to 1890; its assessed valuation, each year, from 1880 to 1890, and an abstract
of the assessment of real estate and of personal property in 1890.
Population (3 pages).-A table based on census reports gives the population of the
state in 1880, 1885, and 1890, by counties; also the increase of the population of Bis-
marck, Fargo, and Grand Forks in 1890 over that of 1880.
School statistics (9 pages).-Nineteen of the thirty-eight county superintendents of
schools furnished the reports requested by the bureau, and these reports are here
presented in tables, which show, by counties, the number of schools in each; the
number of teachers and their average salaries; the number of scholars; the value of
school property; the receipts and expenditures for school purposes, etc.
Mechanical and manufacturing industries (2 pages). —A single table gives, by industries,
the number of establishments reported; the amount of capital invested; the average
number of employés, and their average weekly wages; the value of the raw material
used and of the finished product for the year ending June 30, 1890.
Educational, religious, and charitable institutions (3 pages).—A table gives, for each in-
stitution of this kind, exclusive of state institutions and those supported by public
funds, its location, character, the value of its property, the date it was opened,
the number of students or inmates, and the cost of maintaining.
Church statistics (11 pages).-Tables under this head give, by counties, for each
denomination, so far as reported, the value of church property; the number of com-
municants; the salaries of pastors, etc.; the amount raised for missionary purposes,
13400-11
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SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
S.
and the number admitted to the church during the year ending June 30, 1890; also,
by denominations, the number of Sabbath schools in the state; the total enrollment;
the average attendance; and the amount of money raised and expended.
Public lands (3 pages).-Under this head are tables giving, by counties, the num-
ber of acres of land subject to entry in each United States land district of the state,
October 1, 1890.
Railroad lands (1 page).-Showing prices of railroad lands in the state.
Farmers' institutes (2 pages).-Under this head the establishment of farmers'
institutes is recommended.
Postal guide of North Dakota (4 pages). This is an alphabetical list of post offices
in the state, October 1, 1890.
Relief appropriation (1 page).-The text is here given of an act, passed by the
legislature in 1890, to appropriate money for the relief of the destitute, and a state-
ment of the amount expended according to the provisions of the act.
OHIO.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1877.-[355 PAGES.]
Introduction (12 pagos).—A copy of the act creating the bureau; copies of blanks
issued to employers and employés throughout the state, with a statement of the
information obtained; and a general consideration of the industrial situation of the
state, with the text of certain recommended laws for the protection of the laboring
classes.
Labor (28 pages).—A brief historical sketch of labor, and of the rise, growth, and
results of trades unions in this country and Great Britain, with a list of trades hav-
ing national organizations in the United States since 1859, followed by tables taken
from the United States census of 1870, showing the total number of employés in
the United States and in Ohio with percentages, by sex, age periods, and general
classes of occupations.
Manufactures (220 pages).—A textual and statistical consideration of the different
industries of the state and the conditions of labor in each, based on returns from
the blanks issued, each industry being considered separately. The iron industry is
classified under three heads, Blast furnaces, Rolling mills, and Founderies and
machine shops. Under Blast furnaces is presented a sketch of their growth in
the United States and in Ohio, illustrated by statistics showing the production of
pig iron in the United States for various years from 1810 to 1876; the same for Ohio
during the years 1872 to 1876, by localities; and the United States imports of pig
iron from 1871 to 1877. Then follows a table giving the blast furnaces in Ohio, by
name, location, and date of erection, and showing by whom they are operated, their
annual capacity, and fuel used. A recapitulation presents the total number of blast
furnace employés for the year ending July 1, 1877, and the number employed at each
furnace with the average wages, by occupations; and fourteen pages of text em-
bracing remarks taken from the blanks returned, and a report on the new iron dis-
trict of Ohio. Under Rolling mills are given statistics showing the production
of rolled iron in Ohio from 1873 to 1876, by articles produced; the production of rails
in Ohio from 1867 to 1876, by years; the production, importation, and probable con-
sumption of rails in the United States, by years, from 1867 to 1876, followed by a table
giving a list of rolling mills in Ohio, by name, location, date of erection, capacity and
kind of product, with the number of employés and their average wages, by occupa-
tions. A table of employés' returns gives, by individuals (22), their occupation, hours
of labor, time lost, total yearly earnings, per cent. of reduction since 1872, how wages
are paid, and size of families. The text embraces an account of several experiments
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-OHIO.
163
in industrial partnerships in rolling mills. Under Founderies and machine shops
are tables giving a list of establishments, their location, the amount of work done,
and the number and wages of employés, by occupations; and returns from employés
giving their wages, hours of labor, and number in family. Considerable space is
devoted to a textual and statistical consideration of the condition of coal miners and
an account of labor troubles among them; a consideration of the system of paying
wages in scrip, illustrated by communications from various counties where it is in
force, etc. The text of certain laws of this and other states relating to payment of
wages, etc., is also given. The other trades (shoemakers, glassworkers, carriagemak-
ers, etc., coopers, furnituremakers, potters, paper mill employés, and miscellaneous)
are treated textually and statistically, much in the same manner as the iron industry.
Tables give a comparative statement of the number of employés, the amount of cap-
ital and value of product of the boot and shoe industry of Cincinnati, from 1873 to 1876;
returns of employés showing their number, time worked, and wages; also for eleven
establishments in Cincinnati, the height of building, number of employés, number
under sixteen years of age, and means of escape in case of fire. For the tobacco and
glass industries the text, illustrated by various tables based on employers' and em-
ployés' returns and the United States census of 1870, shows the amount of product,
number of employés (men, girls and boys), time at work, and wages. Accounts of a
number of strikes are given in this part of the report.
Arbitration (18 pages). Consists of a textual consideration of arbitration in this
and other countries, with statistics illustrative of its extent and results; also, the
law of England ou the subject.
Railroad employés (17 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consideration of rail-
road problems. The tables give the number of employés on various railroads in
Ohio, by roads and occupations; the number of miles run and wages paid engineers
on passenger and freight trains on each of the roads named; and in separate tables
for each road, the wages, hours of labor, earnings, and miles run by employés, by
occupations; and a list of railroads, with their capital, number of employés, and
mileage, in Ohio, controlled by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company; and a similar
list of the roads controlled by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.
Average weekly wages in Ohio in 1877 (4 pages).-A table giving the average weekly
wages, by industries and occupations, for over 20,000 employés, as reported by em-
ployers.
Earnings and expenses (9 pages).-Statistical tables, with brief descriptive text, giv-
ing the returns of sixty-one families, showing their occupations, yearly earnings,
expenses for the year in detail, the excess of earnings or expenses, and the number
in family. Also, specimen tables of returns showing the number in family, the num-
ber of rooms in houses, the amount of earnings for the year, and per cent. paid for
rent; and others showing the per cent. of possible earnings paid for rent in various
parts of the state.
Agriculture and colonization (11 pages).-Under this head are presented various facts
based on information furnished by county auditors and presidents of agricultural soci-
eties from fifty-nine counties. This information is presented in three tables, and shows,
by counties, the number of acres of cleared uncultivated land and of woodland;
the average price per acre for different lands; the principal productions of farms
and prices at nearest market town, and the average distance to such town; the
prices of farm stock and the number of men who could find steady employment as
farm laborers, with average wages.
Prison labor (17 pages).—This is a textual consideration of prison labor showing the
results obtained from various systems and the effects upon the state, the prisoners,
and outside establishments, with a partial list of contracts for convicts, showing
the number contracted for and prices to be paid, and concluding with the outline
of a plan to make the penitentiary a reformatory institution and self-sustaining.
164
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
3
Cooperation (13 pages).—A textual consideration of cooperation, with extracts from
the returns made by the cooperative societies of Great Britain, for the year 1875,
showing the progress of cooperation in that country; a brief account of the exist-
ence of cooperation in Ohio, illustrated by a copy of the balance sheet of a coopera-
tive association of Akron for 1877, and textual accounts of the Sovereigns Cooperative
Association of Leetonia; the Salem Cooperative Association, and the Norwalk and
Cleveland cooperative stores; and a general outline of the operations of cooperative
insurance associations.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1878.-[332 PAGES.]
Introduction (17 pages).-This consists of a general statement of the work accom-
plished by the bureau during the year, illustrated by tables showing the number of
blanks issued to and the number returned by employers in the different industries
of the state, with two tables based on these returns, showing, by occupations, first, the
number employed and the average number of weeks employed, weekly wages and
weekly earnings; and second, a classification of employés according to the number of
weeks employed. Then follows a textual account of the general industrial condition.
of the state.
The labor question (20 pages).-A textual consideration of poverty and remarks on
the general condition of labor, with two short tables from the United States census
of 1870, showing the amount produced by labor and the amount it receives as shown
for the state; also a brief account of the rise and development of labor bureaus,
showing why they were necessary and their true object.
Coal mines (23 pages).-Under this head is presented a textual and statistical
account of the general condition of coal miners in Ohio during the year. First in
order are tables, based on information furnished by employers, showing, by counties,
the number of employés, average time employed, average monthly wages, and the
number owning their homes and those living in company houses. Then follows
a comparison of the Ohio mine employés' wages with those of the five adjacent
counties of Pennsylvania, by means of a table prepared by the Pennsylvania bureau
of industrial statistics and tables based on returns from Ohio coal miners; one of
the latter shows also the average expenses in detail for one year. Ten pages of text
contain accounts of the strikes which occurred during the year; the condition of
schools and children; the increase in the number of miners; their homes and need
of libraries and reading rooms; and an account of an attempt at cooperative coal
mining in Ohio in 1874.
Arbitration (6 pages).-A textual consideration of the advantages of arbitration
and the opinions of various employers and employés on the subject.
The iron interest (44 pages).-Under this head is presented a statistical account of
A large
the condition of the iron industry of the state with brief textual comments.
number of short tables show the growth of the blast furnace industry of the state,
by years, from 1829 to 1877; a list of blast furnaces in Ohio, by name and location,
with the number of employés, and a summary, by counties, showing the number of
stacks and fuel used; the number and weekly wages of blast furnace employés in
1878, by occupations; the production of bituminous coal or coke pig iron and of char-
coal pig iron, by districts, for each year, from 1873 to 1877; the condition of blast fur-
naces in Ohio in 1878, by districts; the stock of pig iron unsold at the close of each
year, from 1874 to 1877, at furnaces in Ohio; the condition of blast furnaces of the
United States, by states, in 1878; a list of rolling mills of the state, by counties and
name, with capacity, number of employés, by occupations, and their wages; the prod-
uct of rolling mills, by classes of goods produced, from 1874 to 1877; the scale of
prices agreed upon in the Mahoning valley and at Portsmouth and Cincinnati; the
scale of prices adopted by nailers and nail manufacturers on February 14, 1873; the
scale in force in 1878; a statement of the number and location of nail machines in the
state; the number of ore and coal miners (men and boys), and their wages; the num-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-OHIO.
165
1
ber and wages of employés in the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad shops
at Cleveland, by occupations; a table for each of the various iron industries giving
the number of employés and their average wages, by establishments, classified as
skilled laborers, unskilled laborers, and boys; and in a few cases a comparison of
wages paid in 1877 and 1878.
Payment of wages (15 pages). This is a textual discussion of the system of paying
wages in scrip, with an account of legislation by the Ohio general assembly and
extracts from communications on the subject from both employers and employés.
Manufactures (84 pages).-A statistical consideration of the different industries of
the state, with textual comments, based on data gathered from manufacturers.
Tables give, by establishments making returns, the number of employés, classified
as skilled, unskilled, boys, girls, etc., and their wages. In the cases of glass, car-
riage, railroad, steamboat, brewery, building trades, hotel, and printing employés'
wages are given by occupations, and in a few cases by location. A brief review of
the canal industry of the state is given. For many industries and establishments
the number of weeks in operation in 1877, the date of commencing business, hours
of labor, and the amount of product for a number of years, or the total paid out for
wages during the year are given. A few special tables give the number of employés
in glass factories of Ohio and of Pennsylvania in comparison, and their average
wages, by occupations, the number of cooperative establishments in the state, and
the number of employés, by counties, for 1860 and 1870, from the United States census
of 1870.
Cooperation (6 pages).-A textual consideration of cooperation, containing plans for
the operation of cooperative stores, and one short table giving reports of five such
stores in the state, showing capital stock, expenses, receipts, and profits.
Oil refining (2 pages).—A textual consideration of the condition of men engaged in
oil refining in the state.
Female labor (9 pages).—A textual and statistical consideration of female labor in
the state, based on returns previously considered in this report. By means of short
tables are shown the number of women employed, by industries, average time em-
ployed and their average wages, the average hours of labor and wages in laundries
of Cincinnati; the number of employés, by sex, and their average wages, in shirt
factories; a comparison between male and female labor in dry-goods stores; number
of employés and their average wages in clothing, millinery, hosiery, and corset
establishments.
Employés' returns (15 pages).—Under this head is presented a table, compiled from
information furnished by employés, exhibiting, by individuals, the occupation,
method of work (day or piece), wages, hours of labor, time lost, number in family,
and manner in which the wages are paid, with recapitulations, by industries, and
a comparison of day workers with piece workers. Textual comments and extracts
from employers' returns are added.
The cost of living (13 pages).-This is a textual and statistical inquiry concerning
the cost of living. The information gathered is presented by means of tables and
explanatory text, as follows: The earnings and expenses, in detail, of forty-three
families in Ohio, with the amount of surplus or deficit, and size of family; the cost
of living in Prussia, giving the percentage of the total expenditure for each of the
necessaries of life, and the same for Massachusetts in 1875; the itemized expenses,
with the per cent. of total expeuse for each item, of families in Ohio, classified accord-
ing to the annual expenditures; a comparison of the items and per cent. of total
expenditures for the years 1877 and 1878; the prices of common articles of food in 1861,
1871, and 1878, with some deductions therefrom; a table prepared by the United
States Statistical Bureau, showing, in detail, the items of expenditure of mechanics
in Ohio in 1874; the itemized expenses of a Cleveland mechanic's family for one
year, and, in conclusion, an extract from the report of the Massachusetts bureau of
labor statistics for 1875, showing the yearly average cost of living in that state.
166
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
}
Hours of labor (28 pages).-A textual account of the investigation of the bureau
concerning the results in this and other countries of agitation in favor of reducing
the hours of labor, comprising copies of various laws regulating the hours of labor,
with the effects in cases where the laws have been enforced; a consideration of child
labor, with a short table from the census of 1870, showing, by occupations and sex,
the number of children between the ages of ten and fifteen employed in the state;
also a table giving the number of establishments and value of products in the boot
and shoe industry, and in the cotton and woollen mills of Massachusetts for the years
1845, 1855, 1865, and 1875, showing the increased production by means of machinery;
and closing with extracts from the opinions of various employers and employés upon
the subject.
Sanitary (6 pages).—A textual and statistical description of the sanitary condition
of the laboring classes in Cincinnati, compiled from data collected by the board of
health of that city. Tables are presented showing the number of tenement houses
in the city, by wards; the surroundings of those who died with, or were attacked by,
cholera, outside of hospitals, in 1873; the number dying during the epidemic of scar-
let fever in 1874, by months, according to character of habitation; and the number
of deaths, by months, in 1874, 1875, and 1876, according to classes of houses in which
they occurred.
Prison labor (8 pages).-A textual consideration of convict labor in the state, with
reports and statistics from various prisons in the United States, presented in order
that the subject may receive the attention of the general assembly.
Apprentices (7 pages).—A historical consideration, all text, of the system of appren-
ticeships, showing its advantages, and the effect of the introduction of machinery,
and other causes of its general disuse.
The industries of Cincinnati (7 pages).—A comparative statement of the value of pro-
ducts and the number of employés in each industry of the city from 1875 to 1878, and
a table giving the number of employés, by industries, for the years 1840, 1850, 1860,
1870, and each year, from 1872 to 1877, prepared by the secretary of the Cincinnati
board of trade.
Labor in Europe (7 pages).-Statistical tables from United States consular reports,
giving the rate of wages, by occupations, in Liverpool, Newcastle on Tyne, aud Bir-
mingham, England; and Nice, Saint Etienne, and Lyons, France, in 1878; and in Sid-
ney, New South Wales, in 1876; and cost of living, in detail, at Liverpool, Birming-
ham, Nice, and Sidney for the same years for which the rates of wages are given.
Labor legislation (7 pages).-This is a compilation of the laws of the state regulating
the hours of labor; the hours of labor of women and children; relating to coopera-
tive trade associations; establishing a bureau of statistics of labor; relating to the
payment of wages in scrip; to the practice of resorting to distant courts to evade
the exemption laws; securing wages in cases of assignment; providing for exemption
from execution and attachment; prohibiting stay of execution on judgments for
wages; and providing for the creation of incorporated companies.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1879.—[320 PAGES.]
Introduction (11 pages).-A textual account of the work accomplished by the bureau
during the year, illustrated by tables showing, by occupations, the number of employés
in each, their average wages, and time of employment, as ascertained from returns
made by employers; and brief remarks on the general condition of labor in the state,
with a list of the states having bureaus of labor.
The iron interest (44 pages). This consists almost entirely of statistical tables, the
textual comments being very brief. The tables are short and compiled for the most
part from data furnished by employers and partly from official reports. They show
the name and location of blast furnaces in Ohio, with the number of employés and
their wages; a recapitulation, by counties, giving kind of fuel used and total stacks;
the advance in the price of pig iron during the year; the comparative condition of
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-OHIO.
167
blast furnaces in 1878 and 1879; the production of pig iron, of bituminous coal and
coke, and of charcoal iron, from 1873 to 1878, and the amount in hands of producers
unsold at the end of each year; the condition of blast furnaces in the United States,
by states, in 1879; the itemized cost of making pig iron; the price of pig iron at‍vari-
ous dates during 1879, and for the years, 1864 to 1879; a list of rolling mills in the
state, by counties and names, with number of employés and their wages, by occu-
pations; the product of rolling mills by classes of articles produced, from 1874 to
1878; the value of United States imports and exports of iron and its manufactures,
by articles, for the years 1870, 1873, and from 1875 to 1878; iron and Bessemer steel
rails rolled and kegs of nails made in Ohio, from 1874 to 1878; the price of nails
at various dates, in 1878 and 1879; the scale of prices for boiling iron in Mahoning
valley, and in Portsmouth and Cincinnati; the quantity of rails imported into the
United States, the rate of duty and amount realized, from 1862 to 1879; exports of
iron from Great Britain to the United States, from 1877 to 1879; also for each of the
various iron industries, by establishments making returns, the number of employés
(classified usually as foremen, skilled workmen, unskilled workmen, and boys) and
their wages in 1879; also a comparison of the number of employés, for 1878 and 1879,
with capital invested in 1879.
Arbitration (11 pages).--This consists of textual comments upon the change in the
industrial condition of the state during the year, showing the disadvantage of not
resorting to arbitration to settle differences between employers and workingmen; and
of copious extracts from the report of a special commissioner from Pennsylvania to
investigate the English system of arbitration; and accounts of a successfully inaugu-
rated effort at arbitration in the coal mines of western Pennsylvania and of an arbi-
tration board in a cigar manufactory in New York city.
Coal mines (36 pages).-Under this head is given an account, mainly by means of
statistical tables, of the general condition of the Ohio mining interests. First is
presented the tabulated information furnished by mine operators, showing the num-
ber of mines, comparative production in 1878 and 1879, number of employés with a
classification of them, the monthly wages, and average days of employment, by
counties, so far as reported. From employés' returns tables were compiled showing,
by individuals, the nationality, gross and net earnings, and size of families, with
recapitulations, by counties and nationalities; a comparison of earnings and expen-
ses of thirty-five families making returns; a statement of the value of property
owned by those making returns, with the size of their families and yearly earnings and
expenses; also several pages of text relative to the pursuits followed by miners' sons,
and general remarks taken from employés' returns. Statistical tables also give a
comparison of the cost in Canada of coal from different parts of the United States;
the itemized cost of mining coal in two of the principal districts of England in 1878;
the number and wages of miners in western Pennsylvania in 1878; the growth of
coal mining in the Hocking valley from 1874 to 1879. Statistics are also given re-
garding the coal interests of the Jackson county region. Then follows a brief sketch
of the results of miners' unions during the year, a summary of miners' answers to
inquiries regarding the increase in wages; and the chapter closes with seven pages
of text prepared by Andrew Roy concerning mines and miners in the state.
Payment of wages (17 pages).—Under this head is presented a textual account of the
methods of paying wages in the state, with copies of laws enacted by the Ohio gen-
eral assembly, intended to suppress the truck system, and numerous illustrations
of the evils of that system, embracing communications from employés and outsiders
in different parts of the state; also remarks concerning the attachment of wages,
showing the way in which many workingmen are debarred the benefits of the state
exemption law by being employed by corporations whose business extends outside of
the state limits.
Miscellaneous manufactures, etc. (67 pages).-This consists of statistical tables with
brief explanatory text, based on returns from employers, exhibiting the general cou-
168
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
dition of various Ohio industries, each being considered separately. The tables give,
by establishments making returns, their capital, amount paid in wages in 1878, the
number of employés for 1878 and 1879, the number of weeks employed in 1878, and
average wages of employés classified as skilled, unskilled, boys, females, and foremen,
occasionally varying somewhat for different industries. The wages in building
trades are given, by occupations and location, for 1878 and 1879. Tobacco factories
are classified by revenue districts, showing the number of pounds of tobacco used
and value of product. The wages of teachers are given by counties, sex, and char-
acter of school. In considering the boot and shoe industry a table is given showing
the prices of different kinds of shoes in Cincinnati in 1879. Paper mills, furniture
and wagon manufactories, potteries, planing mills, glass works, woollen mills, cotton
mills, tanneries, and salt works are among the industries treated of, and the chapter
concludes with statistical tables regarding railroads, giving the number of employés
by occupations, from 1876 to 1878; the number of miles of road in Ohio, and the total
number of employés, from 1873 to 1878; also the number of employés in each occu-
pation, with a summary, by roads, for 1877.
Prison labor (8 pages).-A textual and statistical consideration of convict labor, be-
ginning with the report of a committee appointed by the general assembly to inves
tigate the convict labor system, with tables showing the number of prisoners, and
number employed under contract in 1878, by states of the Union; the number em-
ployed in the Ohio penitentiary, by manufactures; and reports of the general condition
of the workhouse and of the house of refuge at Cincinnati, and the Cleveland work-
house and house of refuge. Opinions of various wage-earners in different parts of
the state relative to convict labor are also given.
The industries of Cincinnati (6 pages). This is a statistical table showing compara-
tively the aggregate values of products and number of hands employed in each class
of manufactured articles in the city for the years 1875 to 1878, with totals for years.
The leading industries of Akron (3 pages).-This is a textual statement with a statisti-
cal table giving for each industry of the city of Akron the number of establishments
and employés and total wages paid.
Employés' returns (46 pages).-Under this head are presented statistical tables with
textual comments, based on returns from employés, and copious textual extracts
from those returns. The tables give the number of returns received, by counties and
by occupations; by individuals, their occupations, years at present occupation and
with present employer, manner of working, weekly wages, for the years 1860, 1872,
and 1879, weeks out of work, for 1878 and 1879; the earnings of head of family and
of other members in 1878, and the size of family, with a summary for all; also clas-
sifications of the returns made, by occupations and nationalities. Other tables give
a comparison of wages in 1879 and 1872, by trades; a comparison of day with piece
workers; a comparison of wages, by occupations, for the years 1860, 1872, and 1879;
the weekly and yearly wages and time lost in 1878 in Cincinnati, and the same for
Cleveland; for ninety-seven families, the size of each, amount of earnings and of
expenditures in detail, with the excess of one over the other; the per cent. expended
for each class of items for the total of ninety-seven families; the amount expended
for each class, by nationalities; the average expense of each family and the same per
person in each family; the number reporting an excess of expenditures over receipts
or of receipts over expenditures, by nationalities; a tabulation of fifty-three returns
from Cincinnati and thirty-seven from Cleveland, by salaries received, showing the
per cent. of earnings paid for rent, the number of rooms occupied, and the number
of families in each house, etc. A report of the health officer of Cincinnati shows,
by wards, the number of tenement houses, number of rooms and families in them,
average number of persons in each room, and the general sanitary condition; the
percentage of deaths in tenements to total mortality, by causes; by wards, the area,
population, population in tenements, and number of deaths to living population in
1878. Other tables show, by individuals, the occupations, time at trade, earnings
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS--OHIO.
169
}
in 1878, number in family, and value of real estate owned, with recapitulations, by
nationalities and by classes of occupations.
Farm laborers (4 pages).-A statistical table prepared from information furnished
by officers of county agricultural societies showing, by counties, the supply of farm
laborers, their wages according to the conditions under which they are employed,
and the nationality of the majority in each locality.
Trade and labor organizations (9 pages).—A statistical table presents the results of
inquiries made of trade and labor organizations in the state, showing, for each trade,
so far as reported, the location of the organizations, number of skilled workingmen
and their wages in 1872 and 1879; number of shops or employers; and the number
employed or unem ployed in 1879; textual extracts from the reports give further ex-
planations.
Woman's work (10 pages).—A textual consideration of the condition of women wage-
earners, and a table giving, by industries, the number of females employed and their
average wages; followed by a number of statements from Cleveland papers regard-
ing the situation in that city.
Building associations (4 pages).-A textual consideration of these societies, with
tables giving, by years, from 1873 to 1879, the number of associations and their
capital; the number of shareholders in 13 associations making returns; amount of
their receipts and disbursements in detail for one year; and for the same associa-
tions the amount paid in per share, gain per share, and present value.
Cooperation (5 pages).-A general textual consideration of the subject, showing
reasons for the failure of many attempts at cooperative production and accounts of
various successful attempts.
Labor in Europe (17 pages).-This consists of text and tables compiled from consular
reports and the letter of the United States Secretary of State transmitting them,
giving the rates of wages and prices of commodities in European countries, and in
Chicago and New York, by occupations and articles, in 1878; the wages, by occupa-
tions, of ironworkers in Sheffield and of glassworkers in Belgium, for the years
1872, 1874, and 1878; and a comparative summary of all the matter presented in the
consular reports concerning the weekly rate of wages in foreign countries and in the
United States.
Labor laws (15 pages).—This is a summary of the English factory law of 1878, and
contains the Ohio labor laws, defining the duties and powers of the commissioner of
labor; relating to mechanics' liens; regulating hours of labor; providing for arbitra-
tion of labor disputes; securing wages in cases of assignment; prohibiting stay of ex-
ecution on judgments for wages; regulating hours of labor of women and children;
providing for exemption from execution and attachment; prohibiting the practice of
resorting to distant courts to evade the exemption laws; relating to the payment of
wages in scrip; to intimidation of voters; and providing for exemption of wages
from attachment.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1880.-[304 PAGES.]
Report of the commissioner (8 pages).—This consists of general text, and a table giv.
ing a comparison of average wages in Ohio, by industries and occupations, for the
years 1879 and 1880, and the number of weeks workingmen were employed in 1879.
The iron interest (62 pages).—A statistical account of the iron industry of the state,
with brief textual comments. Tables give a list of blast furnaces in Ohio, by loca-
tion and name, and the number of their employés, with a recapitulation, by counties,
showing the total stacks, kind of fuel used, and annual capacity; the comparative
condition of blast furnaces in Ohio, by years, from 1877 to 1880, and the same for blast
furnaces in the United States (except Ohio), by states, for the years 1878, 1879, and
1880; the production of pig iron in Ohio, by districts, for each year, from 1874 to 1879,
and of coal or coke and charcoal iron, each year, from 1874 to 1879; the stock of pig iron
in the state unsold at the end of each year, from 1874 to 1879, and the annual supply
170
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
and sales of Ohio iron in those years; for each blast furnace making a return, the total
weeks in operation, number of employés, in detail, with their weekly wages and hours
of labor, and summaries of the average weekly wages of employés, by counties, and
of miners of iron and coal; and the prices of pig iron at various dates during 1879
and 1880. Three pages of text follow, consisting of extracts from the annual report
of the superintendent of the Cincinnati chamber of commerce. Tables are then pre-
sented giving a list of rolling mills in the state, by counties and name, with their
capacity, machinery, and a description of their furnaces and number of employés;
the increase of the rolling mills in the state, by date of erection, from 1832 to 1880;
a classification of rolling mill employés, with their average wages; the product of roll-
ing mills for each year, from 1874 to 1879, in Ohio and in the United States; also scales
of prices for puddling iron adopted June, 1880, for a large number of mills; for mills
in Cincinnati and Portsmouth; for muck rolling and for plate and sheet iron rolling in
Cincinnati and Portsmouth in 1880; for uail making west of the Alleghenies; changes
in the standard price list of the Western Iron and Nail Association, from 1864 to 1880;
and a comparative statement of the imports and exports of iron and steel for the
years 1879 and 1880, by articles. Tables based on returns from manufacturers of ma-
chinery and castings, of agricultural implements, and stoves, give, by establishments,
their capital, product, the number of employés in 1879, with their total wages and
weeks employed; also the number of employés in 1880, and a detailed statement of
their wages, by classes. The returns of manufacturers of iron bridges, boilers, bolts,
nuts, screws, etc., tools and miscellaneous iron, are also presented in a similar manner.
Labor troubles in Ohio (55 pages).—Under this head is presented a comprehensive
account, mainly textual, of all strikes occurring in the state during the year 1880,
with summaries showing the causes and results of strikes, by localities.
Coal mining (40 pages).-A textual and statistical report of the condition of the
coal mining industries of the state during the year 1880. The text embraces a con-
sideration of the miners' organizations and of mine screens; copies of several
agreements made between operators and miners, some facts in addition to those
presented in previous reports concerning the payment of wages in scrip, a list of
prices at a number of company stores, etc. The tables give the production of coal
from 1874 to 1880, by years, in the Hocking valley; the production of coal in the
Hocking valley in 1880, and number of employés; the number of miners in the state,
by counties, with a comparative statement of the production of 1879 and 1880; and
a classification, by occupations, of employés; the wages of miners, by occupations
and counties; the coal production of Ohio in 1880, and the number of employés, by
counties, as given in the United States census of 1880. Tables based on employés'
returns give, by individuals, their county, manner of working, hours of labor, time
unemployed, earnings and discounts for the year, and number in family, with sum-
maries, by counties; a list of dates of advances and reductions in wages, by loca-
tion; an itemized statement of the expenses of thirty-eight miners' families, with a
summary, giving their average expenditure, by items; also, the same compared with
1879, and a comparison of the total receipts and expenditures and number in family
of mine employés for the years 1879 and 1880.
The building trades (45 pages). This chapter presents statistical information con-
cerning the building trades of Ohio, and also concerning various other industries
The matter is exhibited
of the state which do not properly come under this head.
by means of tables, based on returns made by employers. The first nine pages consist
of the tabulated answers received in reply to inquiries made of the principal builders
of the several cities in the state, showing, by occupations, the wages paid in each
city during the years 1878, 1879, and 1880; and textual extracts from the same source
Returns from 84 planing
regarding the general condition of the building trades.
mills show, for each, its capital, value of product, total wages paid, number of em-
ployés, and the weeks in operation in 1879. The same information is given for Ohio
glass works with the addition of the kind of glass made, and various summaries
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-OHIO.
171
showing the number of employés and their wages, in detail. The same kind of
information concerning pottery, tannery, paper mill, and boot and shoe manufac-
turers' employés is presented in tabular form, and various other industries are
treated together as miscellaneous returns.
Child labor and education (22 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consideration
of the employment and education of children in the state, embracing reports made
by the clerks of the district boards of education of the state; and copies of compul-
sory school laws enacted in other states, with the measure of success attending such
enactments. Three comprehensive tables, covering eight pages, present the following
statistics: The number of unmarried persons, with their color and sex, between the
ages of 6 and 21 and between the ages of 16 and 21, in each county in Ohio in the
year 1880; the number of schools, with number of rooms and teachers necessary; the
number of children between the ages of 6 and 16, and the average number to each
room, if all attended, in the several counties of the state; the average wages of
teachers, by sex, and character of school taught, and the average number of weeks
the schools were in session in each county.
Employes' returns (29 pages).-This consists of statistical tables based on returns
made by employés in the state, with some textual extracts from their communications.
Two short tables, giving the number of returns made, by localities and by occupations,
are followed by one covering nine pages, showing, for each of 286 employés, during
1879, his occupation, manner of employment, wages and manner of payment, hours of
labor, increase, if any, in wages since January 1, 1879, number of weeks idle in 1879,
the earnings of the head of the family and of other members, and size of each family;
with a summary, by occupations, and a comparison of this summary with corresponding
ones for the years 1877 and 1878. A table covering 3 pages shows, for each of 114
families, its size, total earnings, and an itemized statement of its expenses for 1879,
and the excess of earnings or expenses, with summaries showing, for each class of
expenditures, the average amount expended and per cent. of total expenses per family;
also for each class of expenditures the total and average expense, with percentages,
divided according to the earnings of the families. Then follows a table comparing
the foregoing summaries with corresponding ones made for 97 families in the report
of 1879, and an itemized account of earnings and expenses for one year, kept by a
Cleveland mechanic.
Trade and labor organizations (10 pages).-A list of trades unions in Ohio, with a textual
report concerning them, and a tabulated statement of returns made by labor or-
ganizations, showing, by trades, their locations, number of employed and unemployed
workingmen in each, number of employers, daily wages of day and piece workers,
with the number working in each manner, and the increase in number working and in
wages in 1880 over 1879. Then follow four pages of text on the legal status of trades
unions, embracing an extract from the report of 1879 regarding the discharge of em-
ployés at a glass works, their places being supplied by Belgians imported for that
purpose.
Railroads (3 pages).-Under this head are presented two statistical tables, compiled
from returns made to the railroad commission, giving the number of railroad em-
ployés in Ohio, by occupations, for each year, from 1876 to 1879; and for each road in
the state, the number in each occupation in 1879, with a comparison of the total num-
ber of each road's employés in 1878 and 1879.
Prison labor (9 pages).-Tables taken from a Massachusetts labor report, giving, by
industries and states, the number of convicts, male and female, employed, and the
number of free laborers in the same industries, according to the United States cen-
sus of 1870; a classification of work done by convicts; the number of convicts, by
states and by systems of employment, with a United States tota
Boiler explosions (3 pages).-A list of boiler explosions in Ohio during the year 1880,
and the same for the United States in 1879, with the number killed and injured;
and a classification of boiler explosions which have been published as having
occurred between 1867 and 1880 in the United States.
172
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
!
Sunday work (3 pages).—This consists of an extract from a letter received from a
citizen of Toledo regarding the working of railroad employés in that city on Sun-
days, and a statement prepared by a member of the butchers' union, of Cincinnati,
in relation to the hours of labor and wages of sausage butchers in that city.
The industries of Cincinnati (5 pages).—A tabulated report compiled from the United
States census returns, showing, for the year ending June 1, 1880, for each kind of
manufacture, the number of establishments, their capital, the amount paid in wages,
the number of employés, value of material and product, with a summary, by general
classes of industries.
Labor laws (8 pages).—This presents copies of labor laws from the revised statutes
of Ohio defining the duties and powers of the commissioner of labor; providing for
the education of children; limiting the age of children employed in mines; relating
to mechanics' liens; regulating the hours of labor; providing for arbitration of labor
disputes; securing wages in cases of insolvency; prohibiting stay of execution on
judgments for wages; regulating the hours of labor of women and children; pro-
viding for exemption of wages from attachment; for exemption from execution
and attachment; prohibiting the practice of resorting to distant courts to evade
the exemption laws; relating to the payment of wages in scrip; and to intimidation
of voters.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1881.-[255 PAGES.]
Workingmen's returns (89 pages).-The information received from workingmen
throughout the state is presented by means of statistical tables and textual extracts
from their communications, embracing answers to questions regarding the employ-
ment of children, and general remarks and suggestions offered. Tables I and II, cov-
ering 42 pages, show for each individual reporting, other than those engaged in coal
or ore mining, his location; occupation; manner and time of employment; wages and
manner of payment; general condition of place of employment; cause, duration, and
results of strikes engaged in; also the size, earnings, and expenses of the family,
with a description, in detail, of the residence. Tables III, IV, V, VI, and VII give the
same information concerning coal mine employés; and in addition treat of the fluc-
tuations in the price for mining coal, the screening of coal, payment of wages, and
company stores. Various short summaries of the matter presented in each of the
preceding tables follow; and the textual extracts, covering 19 pages, complete the
chapter.
Trade and labor organizations (4 pages).-Under this head are presented two statis-
tical tables compiled from data furnished by secretaries of labor organizations. These
tables show for each trade the location of its organizations, with the number of
members and their average daily wages; condition of wages and employment as
compared with 1880; a record of strikes during 1881; and the apprenticeship systems
of various trades in the state.
Accidents, conflagrations, and boiler explosions (9 pages).-Under this head are presented
brief textual statements concerning accidents to employés, conflagrations, and ex-
plosions occurring in Ohio during the year 1881, a classified list of the boiler explo-
sions, a summary showing the number of persons killed and injured, and an ordi-
nance of Cincinnati relating to fire escapes.
History of the Ohio bureau of labor statistics (1 page).
Manufacturers' returns (84 pages).-The information furnished by manufacturers is
presented almost entirely by means of statistical tables, only four pages out of a
total of eighty-four being text. Table I shows for all the industries of the state,
except blast furnaces, rolling mills, and the building trades, their location, articles
manufactured, value of product and number of employés, with their wages for 1880.
Table II gives the same information concerning blast furnaces and rolling mills in
1881, and table III gives for all industries enumerated in tables I and II a classifi-
cation of employés, with the number and wages of each class. Table IV treats of
the general condition of the building trades in 1881 as compared with that of 1880.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS OHIO.
173
Then follow a recapitulation of table I, one of table IV giving the average wages
per day of building trades' employés, and one based on tables III and IV, showing
the average wages in the various industries of Ohio, a table comparing the number
of employés in each industry for the years 1880 and 1881, a list of new manufactories
started in Ohio in 1881, a summary of strikes, with textual comments, and, finally,
three pages of general remarks by employers.
Strikes and arbitration (23 pages).-A textual statement concerning strikes in gen-
eral, followed by copious extracts from the report of Joseph D. Weeks to the gov-
ernor of Pennsylvania concerning arbitration in England, and accounts of the street
railway employés' strike at Cincinnati in 1881, and of the iron and steel workers' strike
at Cincinnati and vicinity in 1881.
Education and crime (9 pages.)—A textual report made to the National Educational
Association by J. P. Wickersham, of Pennsylvania, concerning the influence of
education upon crime.
Population of the United States classified (10 pages).-Tables compiled from census bul-
letins, furnished by the Superintendent of Census, show the population of the United
States in 1880, by states and color; the number of colored people to every 100,000
whites, by states, for 1870 and 1880; changes in the relative negro population in the
decade between 1870 and 1880; the number of Asiatics and Indians in each state; the
population, by states and sex, and proportion of each, for 1870 and 1880; the excess of
males or of females for each state in 1880, and changes in the relative proportion of
the sexes since 1870.
Labor laws (14 pages).-Copies of laws relating to labor are here given from the
revised statutes of Ohio, providing for the health and safety of employés in coal
mines; limiting the age of children employed in mines; relating to mechanics' liens;
regulating the hours of labor; providing for arbitration of labor disputes; securing
wages in cases of insolvency; prohibiting stay of execution on judgments for wages;
providing for the education of children; regulating the hours of labor of women and
children; providing for exemption of wages from attachment; for exemption from
execution and attachment; prohibiting the practice of resorting to distant courts.
to evade the exemption laws; relating to the payment of wages in scrip; and to in-
timidation of voters, etc.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1882.-[358 PAGES.]
Street railway statistics (12 pages).-These statistics were compiled from information
collected by the commissioner through personal interviews with officers of the com-
panies and their employés in twelve cities in the state. Tables with textual com-
ments show for each street railway in those cities the number of employés, their
average wages, and hours of labor, by occupations.
Employers' and employés' returns (101 pages).-These returns are presented mainly by
means of tables, the textual comments being brief. They cover nearly all the indus-
tries of the state, giving for each the number of employés, time of employment, and
wages. The greater part of the report is devoted to statistics regarding the print-
ing industry, building trades, including a comprehensive account of their strikes at
Cincinnati in 1882; glass works and potteries, with an account of the East Liverpool
lockout; coal mines, and iron and steel manufactories. The coal mine returns are
very complete, presenting facts concerning the fluctuation in wages during 1882, the
general condition of miners' families, the strikes which occurred during the year, and
the payment of wages in other than lawful money, prices of commodities at com-
pany stores, etc.
Machinery manufacturing statistics (69 pages).-Under this heading are presented
returns from 29 manufacturers of agricultural implements, 68 manufacturers of other
machinery, 30 manufacturers of malt and spirituous liquors, 21 cigar and tobacco
manufacturers, and 30 manufacturers of soaps, oils, paints, etc. The facts are pre-
sented in tables showing for each establishment, its location, the number of employés,
and their average wages, by occupations.
174
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Statements from workingmen (132 pages).—Under this head are presented statistical
tables based on data furnished by workingmen throughout the state, and textual ex-
tracts from the returns. The tables are comprehensive and contain information con-
cerning the various modes of employment, earnings of employés and manner of
payment, strikes and advances in wages during 1882, and the general condition of
workingmen's families, their homes and workshops. Separate tables for each industry
show the number of employés, with their wages, arranged by occupations. The
text contains copious extracts from remarks and suggestions of workingmen concern-
ing the conditions of the industrial classes in the state, and an account of success-
ful arbitration in the boot and shoe industry at Cincinnati.
Steam boiler explosions (7 pages).-This consists of textual comments by inspectors,
engineers, and others competent to speak on the subject, relative to the causes and
preventives of boiler explosions, and of tables giving lists of the explosions which
occurred in the state and in the United States during 1882, with the number of per-
sons injured.
Child labor (8 pages).-A textual consideration of child labor, with a statement of
the proportion of children to the whole number of employés in the industries of
the state, and a quotation from the report of the superintendent of public instruc-
tion of Columbus.
Recapitulatory comparisons and remarks (21 pages).-Recapitulations, by means of
which the general industrial situation of the state in 1882 is compared with that of
1881, are presented with brief explanatory text. The tables give, by industries, the
number of employés in 1881 and in 1882, and the number of establishments repre-
sented, the wages of employés in 1881 and in 1882, by industries and occupations,
the wages of employés of street railway companies, by cities and occupations, the
average annual earnings and expenses of employés in 1881 and in 1882, by occupa-
tions and localities, the number of returns represented in each average, and the
prices of groceries, by months, for 1881 and 1882.
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1883.-[320 PAGES.]
Commissioner's report (13 pages).—This is made up of a textual account of the hard
times experienced by the industrial classes during the year and of statistical
tables, which show in a general way the information collected by the commissioner
during the year, regarding the average earnings and expenses of workingmen in the
different industries of the state and the fluctuation of wages.
Statistics from workingmen (145 pages).—The information furnished by workingmen
(other than coal miners) throughout the state is here presented in tabular form, with
textual explanations. The tables, five in number, are long and comprehensive.
Table I treats of the rates of wages and manner of payment; table II, of the fluctuation
of wages; table III, of the mcans of egress from manufactories, with the law relating
to fire escapes; table IV, of the earning and expenses of workingmen's families; and
table V, of rents paid by workingmen and of the sanitary condition of workingmen's
homes. The statistics for the different industries are presented in the following order:
The building trades, iron and steel works, machine works, all classes of metal manu-
facture, wood factories, glass works, potteries, printing offices, and miscellaneous.
The table for each industry is followed by a summary which, for the sake of com-
parison, precedes a summary of the same information for the year 1882. The textual
comments follow each table in regular order. Those after table IV embrace the
results of an inquiry concerning the employment of children, with a tabulated state-
ment of the character of establishments in which children are employed, and 16
pages giving a résumé of accidents which occurred to workingmnen in Ohio in 1883.
Statistics from coal mine employés (51 pages).-A tabulated and textual account of
the general condition of coal mine employés and their families, based on the reports
of the workingmen. The first table, ten pages in length, gives, by counties, for each
employé, his occupation and manner of employment, wages and manner of pay-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-OHIO.
175
ment, discounts and net earnings for the year, with a recapitulation with averages.
The text is composed mainly of extracts from the communications of miners, for the
most part relative to the different modes of paying wages, including several reports
on the truck system and 12 pages of opinions condemnatory of the free-turn system.
A table is also given showing for a limited number of mines the changes in the prices
paid for mining coal during the year, and the chapter concludes with a table, by
counties, showing for each miner the earnings and expenses of his family for the
year 1883.
Labor troubles (42 pages).—This is a textual account of the difficulties that arose
during 1883 between employés and employers, as reported to the bureau. Sixteen
pages are devoted to an account of the lockout in the boot and shoe manufactories
of Cincinnati, which began in May, and 12 pages are covered by reports from various
counties relative to coal mine difficulties. The other disagreements were of minor
importance. The chapter closes with an account of steam boiler explosions which
occurred in the state during the year.
Report of the commission on examination into the contract labor system in the Ohio peni-
tentiary (35 pages).—This is a textual report of information gained by the commission
through personal visits to the various penal institutions, and by reports made by
Ohio penitentiary contractors.
Report of the commission appointed to inquire into the system of screening coal (26 pages).——
This is a textual report embracing the opinions of operators and of miners on the
system of screening coal and on the modes of payment for mining coal, with some
general remarks bearing on these subjects, and recommendations of the commis-
sioners.
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1884.-[324 PAGES.]
Report of the commissioner (4 pages).
The iron industry (7 pages).—This is a statistical account of the information received
from operators of furnaces and rolling mills in the state. Tables are used to show
the condition of the furnaces and mills in 1884; and also, by occupations, the number
of employés and their wages in each.
General manufacturing statistics (229 pages).-Under this head is presented, in tabular
form, with textual comments, the information received from employers in all the
manufacturing industries of the state except blast furnaces and rolling mills. Two
tables, with summaries, are used for each industry to show, first, the capital
invested, time in operation in 1883, amount of raw material consumed, wages paid,
value of product manufactured, and the number of employés in 1883 and in 1881;
and, second, the average weekly wages paid each class of employés (foremen, skilled
laborers, unskilled laborers, boys or girls, if any, and office help) for the years 1880
and 1884. The textual matter, which follows the second table in each case, is com-
posed of the comments and suggestions of manufacturers in relation to each industry.
Statistics from mechanics (22 pages).-This is composed of four tables compiled from
statistics furnished by mechanics throughout the state. Table I treats of the rates
of wages and the hours of labor; table II, of times of payment of wages; table
III, of apprentices; and table IV shows the family earnings and expenses for 1883.
The information is given for each occupation under the different classes of trades.
Mining statistics (9 pages).-Four tables compiled from data gathered from coal
mine employés are presented to show, by counties, the average prices received by
miners for mining coal in November and December, 1884; descriptions, in detail, of
coal screens used; the amount of coal considered a fair full day's output, and the net
earnings therefor; the condition of mine employés in 18841, their earnings and family
expenses, etc.
Appendix (39 pages).-The appendix embraces, first, 19 pages of text, composed
of remarks and suggestions made by mechanics in relation to apprenticeships,
176
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
child labor, and the general condition of wage-earners in the state; second, a copy
of the law enacted by the Ohio general assembly, February 10, 1885, relative to the
establishment of tribunals of arbitration; and, third, a report covering 16 pages,
made by the chiefs and commissioners of the various state bureaus of labor, concern-
ing the economic experiment of the Pullman Palace Car Company, in the establish-
ment of the town of Pullman, Illinois.
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1885.-[359 PAGES.]
Commissioner's report (14 pages).
History of trades unions in America (64 pages).-This is a textual and statistical con-
sideration of trades unions, embracing a history of their rise and growth in the
United States and in England, and tables showing their present general condition
in both countries. The information exhibited was for the most part obtained from
the secretaries of labor organizations in Ohio and in England; and includes recom-
mendations of societies regarding legislation. The history of English trades unions
is from the pen of George Howells, M. P. There are 20 tables, most of them
being comprehensive. The first table gives a list of Ohio trades unions, showing
for each the number of its members, their earnings and time at work, and the acci-
dents reported and benefits allowed by each union. Tables II to VIII, inclusive,
pertain to the Ohio unions of the following trades in the order named: Iron mould-
ers, cigarmakers, printers, miners, mixed trades, railroad employés, miscellaneous
trades. Table IX relates to the printers' and pressmen's unions of the United States
and Canada. Table X is taken from the seventy-fifth annual report of the Friendly
Society of Iron Founders of England, Ireland, and Wales. It gives very complete
statistics regarding the society for each year from 1855 to 1885. The remaining
tables are devoted to statistics of the trades unions of Great Britain, and these are
elucidated by textual extracts from the secretaries' reports.
Earnings and expenses of workingmen (66 pages). Budgets were received by the
bureau from 353 workingmen in Ohio, and the information contained in them is
presented by means of thirteen tables covering 51 pages and 15 pages of text The
greater part of the latter is composed of workingmen's opinions as to the causes of
the depression in business. The first table shows, for each employé reporting, his
occupation and earnings and the size and expenses of his family. The second table
is a summary of the first, and the third shows the comparative expenses, per capita,
of the inmates of Ohio public institutions and the families of those workingmen re-
porting. Table IV gives in detail the earnings and expenses of workingmen's fami-
lies, by trades. The fifth and sixth tables show a comparison of the average carn-
ings of workingmen at different trades. Two long tabulations give for each employé
statistics relative to the manner and time of working, and the amount paid for life
insurance and trades unions, and the last four tables present comparisons of the ex-
penses of workingmen in Ohio, Illinois, Massachusetts, Australia, Great Britain, and
Prussia. A table giving Dr. Engel's economic law is added.
Manufacturers' returns (64 pages).-The information furnished by Ohio iron manu-
facturers and coal operators is presented in tabulated form, with textual extracts
from the communications expressing opinions regarding the general depression in
trade. Four tables show for iron manufacturers, by classes of products, their
capital in 1884, tons of castings used in 1884 and in 1885, and also for those years
the cost of labor and of material, and value of product. These tables are followed
by a summary comparing the totals for the two years named. The sixth table shows
the profits and earnings of iron manufactories included in the preceding tables.
The next eight tables present in detail comparative statements of wages paid to em-
ployés in the iron industry for the years 1884 and 1885, with summaries; and two
tables relating to blast furnaces and two relating to rolling mills follow, giving like
information concerning each. A report of the secretary of the German Iron and
Steel Association, of Berlin, Germany, consisting of seven pages of text and illustra-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-OHIO.
177
tive tables, comes next, and the chapter concludes with two tables relating to Ohio
coal mine employés, and extracts from returns of miners and operators on depression
of business.
Scrip (16 pages).-A textual consideration of the system of paying wages in scrip,
with a copy of the law enacted by the general assembly to provide against it. Ac-
counts are given also of schemes used by various coal mine operators to evade the
law.
Arbitration (26 pages). This is a textual consideration of arbitration, illustrated
by a few statistical tables. The English arbitration statute is first discussed, a copy
of the statute being given. Then follows an outline of the organization of the board
of arbitration for the boot and shoe factories of Cincinnati and of the results attend-
ing it. The remainder of the chapter includes a copy of the law providing for arbi-
tration of labor disputes and a detailed account of the labor troubles in the Hocking
valley, and their settlement by arbitration.
Cooperative societies (61 pages).—Under this head is presented, first, a statement re-
garding the measure of success attending cooperation in Ohio, a copy of the act
relating to cooperative societies, with a list of cooperative associations incorporated
since 1882; and, second, a reprint of a comprehensive paper prepared by Carroll D.
Wright, chief of the Massachusetts bureau of labor statistics, entitled a Manual of
distributive cooperation. This is a historical and detailed description of distribu-
tive cooperation in Great Britain, to which is added an account of cooperative pro-
duction in most of the European countries and Australia, and a brief account of the
Arlington Cooperative Society at Lawrence, Massachusetts. Authorities are noted
throughout, and short statistical tables are used to illustrate the growth and
strength of the movement. The Rochdale societies, the method of organization and
management of the retail and of the wholesale cooperative store, and the cooperative
union, are subjects which receive much attention.
Appendix (39 pages).—This consists of copies of two papers read at the national con-
vention of chiefs of the bureaus of labor statistics held in Boston in 1885. The first
paper, entitled Statistics of consumption, is by Edward Atkinson. The author en-
deavors to show, first, the relative share which capital can secure from our present
product; second, the relative share which enures to the laborer; third, the use to
which the laborer may put his share. The second paper is by Prof. W. O. Atwater,
and is entitled Chemistry and economy of foods. The text, which shows how our
food supplies the wants of our bodies, is illustrated by various tables giving analyses
of animal and vegetable foods and beverages. A dietary for a family for two weeks,
arranged by Dr. Meinert, of Germany, is carefully considered; and tables are given
showing daily rations costing from 12 to 45 cents.
TENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1886.-[381 PAGES.]
Commissioner's report (19 pages).-This consists of a statement of the general results
of the investigations made by the bureau during the year; textual remarks, with
illustrative tables, regarding the disparity in the average length of life existing
between men working at the same trades in Europe and in Ohio; and a comparison
of American and European labor, based on the letter of the Secretary of State
accompanying the consular reports of 1884.
Strikes (39 pages). This is a general consideration, mainly textual, of the causes
and consequences of conflicts between employers and laborers. The influence of
immigration from foreign countries to the United States upon labor is discussed,
and a list and account of strikes occurring in Ohio during 1886 is given. The only
strike which assumed alarming proportions, the eight-hour strike at Cincinnati, is
treated of at length.
Cooperation (19 pages).-A textual account of the cooperative enterprises existing
in Ohio, with copies of the quarterly reports of the Sundry Creek Cooperative Com-
pany and the Corning Cooperative Society.
13400-12
178
J
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Trades unions, foreign and American (102 pages).-A textual and statistical account
of trades unions in Great Britain, by James Swift, general secretary of the Steam
Engine Makers' Society, giving a separate account of each principal labor organiza-
tion in the country, a sketch of the trades unions' congress, a list of reforms effected
by organized labor, a number of statistical tables showing for each union its benefit
features, and a summary showing the number of members in each and expenditures,
in detail, each year, from the date of organization to 1885, and the average expendi-
ture per member; a condensed textual history of the German guilds, prepared by
consul general Du Bois; a textual history of the Russian guilds, prepared by consul
general Stanton, of Saint Petersburg; a report of the proceedings of the inter-
national trades unions' congress held at Paris, August 23 to 28, 1886; the constitu-
tion of the American Federation of Labor; and a statistical table compiled from
returns from circulars sent to trades unions, giving the number of members in those
making returns, the number engaged at their trades at the location of the unions,
hours of labor, and average earnings of members, and the income and expenditures
of the unions.
Employés, earnings, and expenses (53 pages).-The information received from work-
ingmen throughout the state is presented in eighteen statistical tables. Eight of
these tables give (two of them for 139 workingmen owning their homes, two for 137
workingmen who live in rented houses, two for railroad employés, and two for mine
employés) the size and annual income and expenses of each family, number of rooms
occupied, nationality, occupation, and statistics relating to health. The next table
is a summary of the preceding, and shows the average income and expenditure per
family, the average number of persons per family, and the average number of rooms
occupied. Three tables give comparative statements regarding the average earnings
and expenses of workingmen's families in 1885 and 1886. Two tables give statistics
regarding the public institutions of the state; and the last table shows the annual
earnings of men engaged in thirty-three separate branches of industry, for each year,
from 1877 to 1886, inclusive. This table is compiled from the annual reports of the
bureau.
Profits and earnings, manufacturers' returns (75 pages).-Under this head is given a gen-
eral consideration of the profits and earnings of Ohio manufacturers, presented by
means of four statistical tables, with thirteen pages of text showing the conclusions
drawn from the tables. Table I gives, for each industry separately, the number of
establishments reporting, the number of employés, amount of capital, annual ex-
pense, value of product, and gross profit and net profit or loss. The remaining tables
are recapitulations of the preceding, giving totals, by industries and by counties.
Labor laws (29 pages).—These are copies of the laws defining the duties and powers
of the commissioner of labor; providing for inspection of mines; limiting the age of
children employed in mines; requiring fire escapes for factories and public build-
ings; providing for the health and safety of cumployés in mines and in factories;
relating to the payment of wages in scrip; relating to cooperative trade associa-
tions; providing for arbitration of labor disputes; regulating the hours of labor;
prohibiting the intimidation of voters; regulating the hours of labor of children;
requiring seats for female employés in factories, etc.; securing wages in cases of as-
signment; prohibiting stay of execution on judgments for wages; the practice of re-
sorting to distant courts to evade the exemption laws; relating to the employment of
apprentices; providing for exemption from execution and attachment; relating to
mechanics' liens; and providing for the suppression of foreign detectives.
4
Proceedings of the national convention of chiefs and commissioners of bureaus of statistics
of labor, held at Trenton, New Jersey, in 1886 (34 pages).-Theso include, besides the
minutes of the convention, a paper by F. H. Betton on the Great railroad strikes of
the Gould southwestern system; a paper by Chas. F. Wingate on the Tenement
house problem; a paper entitled Common schools and the labor question, by Prof.
Alexander Johnston; and resolutions offered concerning Chinese immigration.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS -OHIO.
179
ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[285 Pages.]
Commissioner's report (14 pages).-This is a textual explanation of the general in-
dustrial condition of the state, embracing considerations of proposed legislation
extending the power of the commissioner, with a copy of the amended law of New
York; labor's competitors; and school legislation.
Cooperation and profit-sharing (11 pages).-Under this head are presented two papers,
read at the meeting of the chiefs and commissioners of labor bureaus, held at Madi-
son, Wisconsin, in 1887. The first, by Professor Folwell, is entitled the True
nature of profit, and the second, by J. M. Bloomer, is on Cooperation.
Strikes, lockouts, and boycotts (49 pages).—This consists of nine pages of text devoted
to brief accounts of the labor troubles in the state during the year; and of tables,
covering forty pages, taken from advance sheets of the Third Annual Report of the
United States Bureau of Labor. These tables give for each strike which occurred
in Ohio during the years from 1881 to 1886, inclusive, by industries, its locality,
cause or object, duration, and losses to employers and employés; also the number of
employés before and after strike, with average daily wages, the number of employés
and of new employés after strike, and the weekly working hours before and after
the strike. A summary for all industries for all years follows; and the remaining
tables give the same information concerning lockouts.
Manufacturers' returns (83 pages).-Statistical tables, based on data secured by
special agents, are here presented, giving in separate tables for each town, by in-
dustries, the number of establishments, weeks in operation, the number of employés,
how often paid, the amount of capital invested, and the value of the product; also
for each county, by occupations, the number of employés, their daily wages and
hours of labor. The cost of living in Ohio is shown by tables giving, for each of 48
towns, the prices of the necessaries of life in detail.
The wages of workingmen (116 pages).-The wages of workingmen throughout the
state are shown by statistical tables compiled from data collected by speciál agents of
the bureau. These tables give separately for each town, by occupations, the num-
ber of employés (men and women), their daily wages, and hours of labor.
TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.-[275 PAGES.]
Introduction (3 pages).
Obituary, Henry J. Walls, and biography of John Fehrenbatch (10 pages).—Biographics
of Henry J. Walls, deceased, first commissioner of the Ohio bureau of statistics of
labor, and of John Fehrenbatch, author of the bill creating the bureau.
Mortgage indebtedness (174 pages).—This is an account of an investigation made of
the mortgages placed on real estate in Ohio during eighteen years, from 1870 to 1888.
The statistical information gathered by the bureau is presented in tables showing,
for each county separately, by townships and years when mortgages were given, the
number and amount of mortgages. A recapitulation gives, by counties, the total
number of mortgages given during the period and uncancelled, their total amount,
and the assessed valuation of real estatë.
Trusts and combinations (21 pages).-This is a textual consideration of trusts and their
relation to labor. The path that led up to monopoly, is the heading of the first
division of the subject, and after presenting a sketch of the coal combination in the
Hocking valley, the chapter concludes with a remedy for the existing evils, offered
by Senator Cole; and an account of the inconsistency of the present laws relating
to labor.
Industrial statistics (45 pages).-These statistics are arranged in tabulated form and
show the average monthly wages of railroad employés, by roads and occupations,
the number, hours of service, and wages of street railway employés, by occupation,
for each company, with a summary giving the average wages and hours of labor per
day; the wages of laborers and mechanics, by location and trades; the wages of farm
180
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
hands, miners, and other skilled and unskilled workingmen, by counties; the number
of mercantile employés with their average wages, by occupations and counties; and
the number of manufactories in 197 towns with the number of their employés, the
capital invested, and value of the product.
Miscellaneous topics (15 pages).-A textual consideration of the mechanic's lien law,
of conditional sales, and of employment agencies; and the paper entitled Settle
the apprenticeship question by inaugurating industrial schools, read by T. V.
Powderly before the sixth annual convention of the chiefs of bureaus of labor.
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[232 PAGES.]
Introduction and recommendations (4 pages).
Labor's competitors (41 pages). Under this heading are presented textual discus-
sions regarding long hours of labor, child labor, and the employment of women. The
arguments for and against making eight hours' labor a day's work, and various
objections to child labor, and to the employment of women in occupations with men,
are stated. Tables are presented showing the number of women employed in the
workshops of the state, their occupations, wages, time lost, and the sanitary condi-
tion of the workshops in which they are employed. A list of strikes occurring in
the state during the year, with causes and number of employés involved, is given.
A report of a personal investigation of the trades in which women are employed·
completes the chapter.
Strikes, lockouts, and opinions (35 pages). This chapter is made up of extracts from
letters received by the bureau from workingmen, employers, and business men, ox-
pressing the writers' opinions upon the most essential questions in the solution of
the labor problem; followed by a general textual consideration of labor organiza-
tions.
Manufacturing statistics (51 pages).—These statistics are presented in tables giving,
for each county separately, with two summaries for the state, one by industries
and the other by counties, the number of establishments in each industry, the
amount of capital invested, the number of employés, the total amount paid in wages,
and the value of the materials used and of the product.
Trusts and other monopolies (97 pages).-A textual discussion of the effect of trusts
upon industrial pursuits, embracing a reprint of the article by Theodore W. Dwight
in the Political Science Quarterly, concerning the legality of trusts; a consideration
of the case of The People of the State of New York vs. The North River Sugar
Refining Company, with a copy of the opinion of Judge Barrett in full; brief tex-
tual accounts of the window glass manufacturers' trusts, of the steel combine, of
railroad combinations, and of the barbed wire trust; a partial report of the testi-
mony taken by a congressional committee concerning the cotton bagging trust;
and suggestions for the abolition of trusts, with a transcription of Senator Sher-
man's bill to prevent them.
FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[256 PAGES.]
Introduction (5 pages).-This gives an outline of the work accomplished by the
bureau during the year 1890 and a statement of the sources of information and of
the methods employed in gathering the statistics presented in this report.
Free public employment offices (18 pages).-This part of the report gives an account
of the organization and operations of free public employment offices in the cities of
These offices were estab-
Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, and Toledo.
lished in pursuance of an act passed by the general assembly of Ohio, April 28,
1890, the text of the law creating them being given in full at the beginning of the
chapter. Five half-page tables, embodying the reports of the superintendents of
these offices, show, by weeks, the number of situations wanted, the help wanted,
and the number of positions secured through these offices. It also contains an
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—OHIO.
181
article taken from the Sunday World of Columbus, exposing the methods practiced
by the so-called private employment agencies, and a letter of D. J. Ryan, published
in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Weekly in its issue of October 25, 1890, setting forth
the objects of free employment offices and the benefits likely to result from their
establishment.
Strikes, arbitration, and conciliation (13 pages).-This chapter gives a sketch of the re-
sults of the joint conferences held annually between the coal mine operators and
miners; a copy of the resolutions passed by the American Federation of Labor at a
convention held at Detroit, Michigan, in December 1890, in favor of the eight-hour
day; a detailed account of the strikes that occurred in the state during the year 1890;
and a copy of the articles of agreement entered into between mine operators and
representative miners at Columbus, Ohio, May 26, 1890.
Mines and mining (10 pages).—This includes a brief discussion of the importance of
the coal industry and a statistical table, showing for each of 251 mines, operating in
the state, its location, the power used, the number of miners and other employés, the
number of days worked, the number of kegs of powder used, the number of acci-
dents, the price per ton paid for mining, the product, average value of coal per ton
at the mine, and the aggregate value of the total product.
The relations of capital and labor (63 pages).—This topic embraces a number of statis-
tical tables, compiled from data obtained from manufacturers throughout the state,
showing, for each establishmeut reporting the articles manufactured, the amount of
capital invested, the cost of material, the value of the product, the total amount paid
for wages during the year, the average number of employés during the year, the
number of weeks in operation, the hours of labor, and whether the price of labor has
advanced or decreased during the year.
Wages of employés and hours of labor (84 pages).-This part of the report consists en-
tirely of statistical tables, arranged by occupations of employés, showing their daily
wages, number of days worked, their hours of labor, and their earnings per year.
Labor laws (55 pages). This is a compilation of the laws passed in the interests of
labor now in force in the state. They provide for the appointment of mine inspectors
and for the safety of mine employés; require accidents in mines and in factories to be
reported; define the term Manufacturer; limit the age of children employed in mines
and in factories; relate to liens upon mines for labor; provide for the establishment
of a school of mines and mining engineering; for arbitration of labor disputes;
prohibit the payment of wages in scrip; provide for the inspection of factories and
for the health and safety of factory employés; regulate the hours of labor of children
employed in factories; require seats for female employés; secure the prompt payment
of wages of certain employés twice in each month; provide for the examination of
public buildings, etc., as to safety in case of fire; require the doors of public build-
ings to swing outward; relate to mechanics' liens; provide for the appointment of
building inspectors and of special police officers; establish the eight-hour work day;
provide for the protection of trade marks; for the examination and licensing of sta-
tionary engineers; for the education of children; for the protection of railroad em-
ployés; limit the hours of labor of railroad employés; prohibit the employment of in-
experienced railroad conductors; provide for better security against railroad acci-
dents; relate to the shipping of freight; make the first Tuesday after the first
Monday in November a legal part holiday and labor day a legal holiday; define the
duties of the bureau of labor statistics; and provide for the establishment of free
public employment offices.
Report of the legislative committee on railroad employés' relief associations (2 pages).
5
182
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
PENNSYLVANIA.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1872-73.-[553 PAGES.]
Population (28 pages). This topic discusses briefly the advantages of diversified
industries and presents statistical tables giving the area, population, and population
to the square mile of the world, by continents and by detailed countries; the popu-
lation of the United States for each decade, from 1790 to 1870, by states and territories;
the population of New York and Pennsylvania by years, from 1790 to 1870, showing
the percentage of increase of each; the number of persons engaged in the different
classes of industries in the states where the diversified industries prevail, and for
those in which agriculture is the leading pursuit; the population of Pennsylvania, by
counties and by decades, from 1790 to 1870; the number employed in different classes
of industry by age periods (groups of 10 to 15, 15 to 60, and 60 and over) and by sex,
with percentages; a list of the counties of the state with the dates of their organi-
zation, and a diagram showing their relative position as regards population each dec-
ade, from 1790 to 1870; the area of the state by counties, the population of each in the
years 1860 and 1870, the increase, and the percentage of the increase of twenty-two
selected counties for each decade, from 1790 to 1870, and separately of Harrisburg, by
decades, from 1800 to 1870, with estimated population up to 1900; the population of
the principal cities of the state, for the years 1850, 1860, and 1870, with per cent. of
increase, from 1860 to 1870; the population of the state, by counties and nationalities;
and a table for the United States and for Pennsylvania, for the years 1850, 1860, and
1870, showing their area, number of persons to the square mile, the total population,
number of families, the number of persons to family, and the number of dwellings
and of persons to a dwelling.
·
The destruction of our native forests (3 pages).-Under this heading is introduced a
letter from Thomas J. Bigham, commissioner of the bureau of statistics, dated Har-
risburg, August 23, 1873, directed to John C. Brown, LL. D., Berwick on the Tweed,
stating briefly what effect the destruction of our native forests produces on the cli-
mate and health of the state.
Agriculture (15 pages).-Statistical tables giving, by counties and their areas, the
regions drained by each river of the state; the number and size of farms of the state,
by counties; the agricultural productions, by items, and the number of acres improved
and unimproved, by counties, from the census of 1870; and a table showing the pro-
duction and relative rank of nine leading wheat growing states.
Manufactures (41 pages).-This embraces statistical tables giving, by counties, and
in detail by counties and industries, the number of establishments, the number of
hands employed, the amount of capital and of wages paid, the cost of materials and
value of product, from the census of 1870; a statement of the number of tanneries in
the state, their capital, their annual capacity and product, etc.; and a table, show-
ing, by yards, the amount of lumber at Williamsport, January 1, 1873, and similar
tables for several other cities.
Historical and financial (74 pages).-Under this heading are given a textual sketch of
the early history of the state, its settlement, early condition and finances, its con-
stitutions, colonial and state; a list of the manors laid out by the Penn family in 1779,
with the area and location of each; a list of lands other than proprietary manors
owned by members of the Penn family; a list of the governors, colonial and state,
with dates, and accounts of the different capitals of the state. The financial por-
tion gives, in statistical tables, the revenues of the state, by sources, in 1872, and
totals of local taxation in the state. General tables give the area, population, and
assessed valuation of the United States, by states and territories, for 1860 and 1870,
and the number of miles of railroad for 1862 and 1872; the assessed valuation of
the state, for the years 1851, 1863, and 1872, by counties; the wealth, taxation, and
public indebtedness of the state, by counties; a return exhibiting the progress of the
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA. 183.
national banking system for the ten years, from 1864 to 1873; the liabilities and re-
sources of national banks of the state in December, 1872; the resources and liabilities
of banks and savings institutions of the state, by items and institutions. Railroad
statistics show the amount of capital and receipts, the number of passengers carried,
the number of miles run, and equipment of British railroads in 1872; the number of
miles of railroad in the United States each year, from 1830 to 1872, and in the state,
by years, from 1841 to 1872; the total cost of railroads in the United States and the
amount of their earnings, by classified districts; a table of railroads owned, leased,
or operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad system, giving, for each, the number of
miles, capital, liabilities, cost, number of passengers carried, amount of freight
moved, carnings, expenses, and dividends in 1872; the same facts for those owned,
leased, or operated by the Philadelphia and Reading railroad, and for railroads not
controlled by either of the above-mentioned companies. Other tables give a list of
telegraph and canal companies of the state in 1872, showing their cost, capital,
earnings, etc.; also estimates of the gross cost of all railroads, telegraph lines, and
cauals of the state.
Educational, charitable, and reformatory institutions (29 pages).—Under this heading are
embraced short accounts of the colleges and academies, the soldiers' orphan schools,
the prisons, penitentiaries, and reformatory institutions of the state, with statistical
tables under each topic. The tables give, by colleges and academies, the date of
foundation of each, the number of students and teachers, the amount of income and
expenses; the income, expenses, and number of students of Girard college, by years,
from 1868 to 1873; the number of orphans received by and discharged from orphans'
homes and schools, by institutions; a list of asylums and charitable institutions at
Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, and other places, with date of organization, capacity, de-
nomination, value of real estate, and amount appropriated by the state; statistics
of churches, showing, by denominations, the number of churches, their accommoda-
tion and property, for the years 1850, 1860, and 1870; the number and circulation of
different kinds of newspapers and periodicals for various years, from 1704 to 1874;
a list of libraries in Pennsylvania, by classes and kinds, giving number of volumes
owned, for the years 1850, 1860, and 1870; the school attendance and illiteracy of the
state, classified according to native and foreign born, for the years 1850, 1860, and
1870; the extent of pauperism and crime, native or foreign born, from the censuses of
1850, 1860, and 1870; a table of penal institutions of the state and list of county
almshouses, giving, by institutions, the dates when opened or created, their cost,
number of inmates, etc.
Mineral statistics of Pennsylvania (78 pages).-A textual and statistical consideration
of the mineral resources of the state. The tables give, by counties, the production
of different minerals during the year; the coal production of the globe, by countries,
and the area of coal fields; the coal production, home consumption, and exportation
of Great Britain, by years, from 1854 to 1872, with an estimate of the quantity mined
previous to 1854; the various purposes for which the product of 1869, in England, was
used; the production of coal in the state in 1871, and uses to which it was put; the
amount of anthracite and bituminous coal sent to market, by districts of the state, for
each year, from 1820 to 1872; by counties and kinds of ore mined, the number of mines,
the power used in mining, the number of employés (men and boys), the amount of capi-
tal employed, the total wages paid, and product; the production of pig iron in the
United States, by kinds of pig, for the years 1854, 1863, and 1872, and in Pennsyl-
vania, for the years 1870, 1871, and 1872; the yield of rolling mills in Pennsylvania
in 1866, by products; the receipts of pig iron, iron ore, and blooms at Pittsburgh in
1872; the amount of sales of iron at Pittsburgh, by kinds and months, in 1873; the
number of tons of rails made and imported, and the number of miles of railroad built
in the United States, each year, from 1849 to 1872; the number of establishments
engaged in the production and manufacture of iron in the United States and in
Pennsylvania, by kinds, giving their total capital, wages paid, and value of prod-
184
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
ucts, etc., from the census of 1870; a list of blast furnaces of the state, giving name,
location, amount of iron made and fuel used, etc., in 1872; the number of tons of
rails made in the United States in 1871 and 1872, by states; the average daily pro-
duction of petroleum in the state for each month, from 1867 to 1873; exports of oil
from the United States and from Philadelphia each year, from 1860 to 1873; receipts
of crude oil at Pittsburgh, by years, from 1859 to 1873, and exports of refined oil each
year, from 1865 to 1873; shipments each month in 1872, of oil from the Pennsylvania
oil region; the average daily production of petroleum in the state, by mouths, each
year, from 1867 to 1872; the number of oil wells drilled during the same period, and
the stock of crude petroleum in the producing regions, by months, each year, from
1868 to 1872, etc.; the number of men employed, with wages and hours of labor, and
the quantity and value of slate produced in the slate quarries of York and Lehigh
counties in 1871.
Ports of entry of Pennsylvania (27 pages).—A textual and statistical consideration of
the trade and industries of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Erie. Tables give the
quantity and value of foreign imports and exports of Philadelphia, by articles, in 1873,
with a recapitulation, by countries importing and exporting, and whether carried in
American or foreign vessels; exports of petroleum and breadstuffs in 1873, by countries;
exports of industrial products, by articles, for ten months, in 1871 and 1872, and by
countries, in 1872; exports of rails from Great Britain, for the years 1871, 1872, and
1873, by countries sent to; the estimated value of the productions of the Pittsburgh
rolling mills in 1872; a list of the steel works of Pittsburgh, with annual capacity
of each; the number of cotton mills of Pittsburgh with their chief products; a list
of wholesale liquor dealers of Pittsburgh and Allegheny City with the amount of
sales of each; receipts of iron ore and pig iron in 1873, of oil, coal, and coke for 1872
and 1873, and of grain and produce for each year, from 1869 to 1873, at Pittsburgh;
the coal and coke trade of the Monongahela valley, by months, in 1873; the amount
of coal and coke carried by different railroads, for the years 1870, 1871, 1872, and
1873; shipments of coal through the Monongahela Navigation Company's locks, by
years, from 1844 to 1873, and the amount of imports and exports, by articles, of the
city of Erie, for 1872 and 1873.
Miscellaneous (18 pages).-A list of the names of the governor and heads of depart-
ments, members of the state legislature and judiciary, and congressional districts; the
vote, by counties, on the constitutions of 1838 and of 1873; on the prohibition law of
1854, and on the local option law of 1873; the electors' votes for President, by terms,
from 1789 to 1873; a list of United States Senators from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to
1873; a list of cooperative organizations of the state, with their capital, location,
etc.; a statement of the condition of the state debt in 1873, and a table giving the
weights and measures of the principal articles of produce, as regulated by statute
or by custom.
Report on labor: Introduction (11 pages).-A general consideration of the work of the
bureau and condition of labor in the stato.
The labor troubles in the anthracite region (50 pages).-A textual historical account of
labor troubles in Schuylkill county and an account of the arbitration of difficulties,
with short tables giving the wages paid miners under the settlement of 1869; the
number of miners in Schuylkill county and their rates of pay, by occupations, in
1870; the average earnings of each class of miners in 1870, and the number in each
class; copies of agreements fixing miners' wages made at Pottsville, July 29, 1870,
May 11, 1871, and January 6, 1872; and the price of coal and average earnings of
miners for 1871 and 1872.
Labor in mines (8 pages).-A textual account of mine labor in several counties of
the state, separately, with statistical tables giving, for each county, the number of
collieries, the number of miners, by occupations, and the average yearly earnings
and daily pay of each class, in anthracite and bituminous coal mines and in other
mines separately.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—PENNSYLVANIA. 185
Labor in manufacturing industries (36 pages).-Consists of statistical tables with tex-
tiral comments, giving for each industry, separately, the average wages paid, by
occupations, the average earnings of each class of laborers, and general tables show-
ing, by industries making returns, the number of employés, the number native and
foreign born, and the average wages paid, by occupations. Extracts from the Massa-
chusetts labor report for 1871 are added, giving wages of employés in various manu-
facturing industries. Wages of farm laborers and railroad employés are also given.,
The census of Philadelphia, by Lorin Blodgett (29 pages).-A textual article on the con-
dition of labor and industry, etc., in Philadelphia, as exhibited by the United States
census of 1870, and a statistical table giving the average daily and weekly wages paid
men and women in Philadelphia, by occupations.
Returns of labor blanks (35 pages).-A textual consideration of the general condition
of laborers and extracts from returns made by 15 miners concerning their earnings
and cost of living, and a description of the houses occupied by them, with their sur-
roundings; followed by evidence taken at Pittsburgh relative to abuses in bitumi-
nous coal mining.
Labor troubles in the coal mines of Tioga county (29 pages).-A textual account of the
troubles which occurred in the coal mines of Tioga county in 1873.
Appendix (29 pages).-This includes extracts from evidence taken in the coal inves-
tigation, statements of operators and workingmen, and correspondence bearing on
the subject; a paper by Benjamin Bannon on Capital and labor, including a review
of the financial condition of the country, with suggestions on the issue and distribu-
tion of currency; a statement from coal mines in Dauphin county, and the constitu-
tion of the National Miners' Association.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1873-74.-[430 PAGES.]
Assessment returns for 1874; (8 pages).-Under this heading are included several
statistical tables, showing, by counties, the assessed value of real and personal prop-
erty of the state for 1873 and 1874; the indebtedness and amount of county taxes
assessed in 1874; the population in 1870; and the assessed and true values of real
and personal property, in the aggregate and per capita, in 1874; the relative value
of real and personal property of Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio, in 1874; and a
textual account of the principal facts disclosed by the foregoing tables.
Historical (27 pages). This topic includes a textual sketch of the early history of the
state, its settlement, early condition, and finances; colonial and state constitutions;
lists of the manors laid out by the Penn family in 1779, with the area and location of
cach, of other than proprietary manors, and of the governors, colonial and state, with
dates; an account of the different capitals; an account of the grave of William Penn;
and a sketch of the last geological survey of the state.
Population of the world (13 pages).-Statistical tables giving the area, total popula-
tion, and population to the square mile of the world, by countries and by continents,
in 1874; the population of the states and territories of the Union, by decades, from
1790 to 1870; the population of Pennsylvania, by counties and decades, from 1790 to
1870; the population of the principal cities and towns of the state, for the years
1850, 1860, and 1870; the population of New York and Pennsylvania for each decade,
from 1790 to 1870, showing the percentage of increase and estimates of increase, from
1870 to 1900; and a list of the counties of the state with their dates of organization.
Agriculture and manufactures (9 pages).-Under this heading are included an account
of American manufactures as seen by an English diplomat, and a number of statis-
tical tables, giving, by age periods in groups of 10 to 15, 15 to 60, and 60 and over,
and by sex, the number of persons in the state employed in different classes of occu-
pations; the number of acres of land, improved and unimproved, and present value of
farms in the state, by counties; the value of farm products, by items and counties;
the agricultural products of the state in 1870, with the relative rank of each product
compared with other states; and the number of manufacturing industries of the state,
and the value of their products in 1870, and estimated value in 1875, by counties.
186
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Financial (30 pages).-Statistical tables giving receipts and expenditures of the
national government for twelve years, from 1861-'62 to 1872-'73, by items; the receipts
and expenditures of the state, by items, for 1872 and 1873; the amount of business
done by insurance companies of the state, their receipts, losses, etc.; the cost of public
works and of several railroads and canals; the indebtedness of the United States,
May 1, 1874; and of the several states, including local and municipal debts; the
railroad indebtedness, by geographical divisions; a textual review of bankruptcies
of the year; the condition of national banks of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and
Pittsburgh; a list of national banks of the state, their capital and circulation, with
a condensed statement of their surplus, dividends, and net earnings; a list of state
banks, their resources and liabilities: and the thirty-eighth semi-annual report of
the dollar savings bank of Pittsburgh.
Railroads (10 pages). This consists of statistical tables giving a list of the roads of
the state owned, leased, or operated by the Pennsylvania and by the Philadelphia
and Reading railroad companies, and those not controlled by either of them, giv-
ing the cost of each road, its length, the number of passengers carried, and amount
of freight moved, earnings, expenses, and dividends; also the cost, length, earnings,
etc., of telegraph lines, canals, and street railways of the state for the year 1873.
Educational (28 pages).-This topic embraces statistical tables giving the number of
churches in the state, their accommodation, and the value of property held by each
denomination; the newspaper and periodical circulation, and the number of publi-
cations, by kinds, for the years 1850, 1860, and 1870 and the total number and circu-
lation in the United States for various years, from 1704 to 1874; the number of
libraries of the state and number of volumes owned, by classes of libraries, for the
years 1850, 1860, and 1870; and statistics of school attendance and illiteracy of the
native and foreign born population of the state, for the years 1850, 1860, and 1870;
tables giving a list of colleges and academies of the state, with the number of pupils,
teachers, etc., of each; and two textual papers entitled the Money value of educa-
tion and Industrial education indispensable to our state.
Reformatory institutions (14 pages).-A textual and statistical consideration of the
reformatory institutions of the state. Tables give a list of county prisons, the date
when each was erected, the annual cost per prisoner, the articles manufactured, etc.;
the number, by sex and color, admitted into reform schools and the house of refuge
since their opening, the number discharged, by causes, etc.; and information of mis-
cellaneous character relating to the house of refuge at Philadelphia and the reform
school at Pittsburgh.
Criminal courts (4 pages).—Tables giving, by counties, an abstract of the business of
criminal courts of the state.
Charitable institutions (6 pages).-Statistical tables, giving, by couuties, the amount
raised by taxation, and the amount expended for support of township poor, by items,
in 1872; a list of almshouses, showing their cost, the number of acres owned, expenses,
etc.; a list of hospitals for the insane, showing the number of admissions, discharges,
etc., by sex, in 1872; the civil condition and form of insanity of the whole number
admitted, by institutions.
The tax laws and the constitution of 1873 (8 pages).—A textual consideration of the con-
stitutionality of the tax laws, with a table giving the resources of the state, for
1872 and 1873, by detailed items.
Lumber (23 pages).—Under this heading are given a brief account of the proceedings
of the national convention of lumbermen, held at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, June
23, 1874; extracts from The Timber Trades Journal, of London, and from the Mont-
real Gazette on lumber and timber supply; and statistical tables giving an estimate
of the stock of lumber at Williamsport, January 1, 1873 and 1874, by names of yards;
the amount of stock on hand at various places each year, from 1870 to 1873; the ship-
ments of lumber from Williamsport, for 1872 and 1873; the amount of lumber in the
state, by location; and exports of lumber from San Francisco in 1873, by countries
sent to.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA. 187
.
Drainage of Pennsylvania (2 pages).-A list of counties with their areas drained by
each river or stream of the state.
Tanneries and leather (12 pages).—A textual and statistical consideration of the tau-
ning and leather industries of the state, with a review of the boot and shoe business.
of Philadelphia in 1873. Tables give the value of leather tanned and lumber sawed
in 1870, by counties; the number and value of goat skins imported into Philadelphia
in 1873; and of hides and leather exported from Philadelphia for part of the year 1874;
and the total imports of hides at New York, by countries sending, by years, from
1871 to 1873, and part of 1874.
Mineral statistics of Pennsylvania (108 pages).-This embraces a textual and statisti-
cal consideration of the mineral resources and production of the state. The text
includes the acts of the legislature establishing a bureau of industrial statistics and
defining its duties; and a list of blast furnaces, rolling mills, and steel works of the
state. Tables give the number of mining establishments and value of their prod-
ucts for the past year, by kinds of mines; the progressive stages of coal production
in the six leading industrial countries of the world, by decades, from 1830 to 1870; the
proportion of coal used in Great Britain by various industries; the amount of coal
required per ton of various products; analyses of coal and coke; the price of coal each
year, from 1834 to 1865, at Philadelphia; the number of collieries of the state, by dis-
tricts; the extent of the anthracite coal fields; the extent of the Lehigh coal basins;
the-production of semi-bituminous coal in the state in 1871; the production, number
of mines, etc., of the Broad Top semi-bituminous coal region, by names of collieries;
the distance of coal fields from tide-water markets; the production of coal in Pennsyl-
vania in 1873, by districts; the shipment of coal, by roads, for 1872 and 1873; the produc-
tion of coal in the United States each year, from 1864 to 1873, and consumption for 1873;
the amount of coal carried by different roads and canals at different periods, ranging
from 1840 to 1873; the coal product of the United States, according to the census of 1870,
by states; the coal production of the world, by years, from 1862 to 1873, by countries;
the production of pig iron in the United States, for 1872 and 1873, by states; and in the
United States and in Great Britain, each year, from 1854 to 1873. Tables also show the
average cost per ton of American pig and bar iron, by years, from 1850 to 1874; the prices
in Philadelphia of pig iron, by years, from 1842 to 1873, and of American iron railroad
bars, each year, from 1847 to 1873; the price of gray coke iron in Pittsburgh, by
months, for 1873 and 1874; the production and price of various grades of iron products,
for 1873 and 1874, by months; the number of mining establishments, the number of
employés, the amount paid in wages, etc., in the state in 1870; and the amount of
stock of different oil pipe companies.
Business of Pittsburgh (15 pages).-Statistical tables giving the shipments of coal
through the Monongahela Navigation Company's locks, by years, from 1844 to 1874;
coke receipts, for 1873 and 1874; the amount of coal shipped by river in 1874; coal
receipts in 1874; the amount of crude oil received each year, from 1859 to 1874; exports
of refined oil east, by years, from 1865 to 1874; the price of oil, by weeks, in 1874;
receipts of pig iron and blooms, by roads, in 1874; grain receipts in 1874; and the
amount of capital invested in and the value of various manufactures of the city.
Business of Erie (3 pages).—A textual consideration, and a table giving the value of
imports and exports, by articles and years, from 1868 to 1874.
Commerce of Philadelphia (33 pages).-Statistical tables giving the total imports
and exports of the United States, for the years 1872, 1873, and 1874; the exports of
Philadelphia, by detailed articles and countries, in 1874; exports of breadstuffs, pro-
visions, and petroleum in 1874, by countries; the number of vessels entered and
cleared by nationality, their tonnage and value of cargo in 1874; the amount of
duties received in 1874 at Philadelphia; the number of immigrants landed at Phila-
delphia, by nationality and sex; the imports and exports of the United States and
of the five principal ports, for the years 1872, 1873, and 1874, showing the percentage
of increase and decrease; and an account of the grain elevators of the International
Navigation Company at Girard Point, Philadelphia.
}.
188
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
!
Petroleum (7 pages).—This includes a review of the production and refining of crude
petroleum for the year 1874, and several statistical tables giving the average daily
production of oil in Pennsylvania, by months, for cach year, from 1867 to 1874; the
number of wells drilling; prices of oil, by months, for each year, from 1864 to 1874;
the number of vessels, by nationality, loaded with oil at Philadelphia, by years, from
1870 to 1874; and the percentage refining capacity of Pennsylvania, New York, and
Ohio compared.
The international exposition (6 pages).-Textual remarks concerning the preparation
for the centennial exposition.
The Delaware breakwater (2 pages).-A textual description, with map.
Vital statistics (6 pages).-Statistical tables giving the number of births, deaths, and
marriages in Philadelphia, by months, for the year 1873, with a general summary, by
years, from 1860 to 1873; the number of deaths and the death rate in 1873, in foreign
cities; and the area of Philadelphia, by wards.
Appendix (42 pages).-Under this head are published several articles which were too
late for classification in the main part of the report. They relate mainly to state
taxation and expenditure; railroads; condition of national banks; the financial
situation of the United States; glass works; coal production; coking of Broad Top
coal; the Cumberland coal trade; iron and coal trades of Pittsburgh in 1874; storage
and transportation of petroleum; Pittsburgh homes and houses; failures in 1874; and
conclude with a table of Dr. Engel, giving the aggregate steam power of the world.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1874-75.-[570 PAGES.]
United States and state governments (34 pages).-Under this title are given the names
of the President of the United States, the heads of departments and of department
bureaus, the justices of the Supreme Court, a list of senators and representatives of
the United States, the apportionment of representatives in Congress, according to
the census of 1870, and the area and population of the United States by decades,
historical and statistical tables of the United States, and a list of American wars;
the names of the governor, heads of departments of the state and members of the
state legislature; the names and dates of organization of counties and the names of
county towns, with their distances from Washington and Harrisburg.
Agriculture (88 pages).—This is a brief textual sketch of the early history and de-
velopment of agriculture in Pennsylvania, and a textual and statistical considera-
tion of its present status. It consists chiefly of accounts of the proceedings of agri-
cultural conventions and associations, of county agricultural societies, and of the
Patrons of Husbandry in the state, giving occasionally brief tables showing the
production of the counties reporting. Five short tables, in conclusion, give wages
of farm laborers, for the years 1860, 1870, and 1874; the wages of mechanical laborers,
by occupations, for the same years; wages in cotton mills in 1869 and 1874; in iron
rolling mills in 1874; and in iron founderies and machine shops in 1869 and 1874.
Financial (29 pages).-Statistical tables giving the resources and liabilities of
national banks of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh; their dividends and
earnings, semi-annually, from 1869 to 1875; a list of national banks of the state, with
their location, amount of capital and circulation; the names, and values in United
States money, of foreign coins; tables showing the comparative progress in the com-
monwealth in sixty years; the present assessed valuation of real and personal prop-
erty; the amount of indebtedness, etc., of the state, by counties; the receipts and
expenditures of the state in 1875, by items, and the condition of the public debt.
Insurance (7 pages).-Statistical tables giving the amount of business done by insur-
ance companies, their income, losses, etc., and present condition.
Industrial interests (139 pages). This embraces a textual and statistical considera-
tion, under various heads, of the condition of labor and laborers in various portions
of the state and of the condition of industries. Tables give, by counties and estab-
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA. 189
lishments, the number and average wages of miners, by occupations; the amount and
value of mine products; a list of companies from whom reports were received; the
amount of coal carried by the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company in 1875, by
weeks, and also by stations at which coal was delivered. A textual article by John
Fulton gives a description of the methods of coking coal for furnace use, with sev-
eral illustrations, and a table showing the cost of production, by items, and the phys-
ical properties of coke. Tables also give analyses of coals and of iron ores, and the
steam raising power of different kinds of coal. An article on petroleum gives a de-
scription of the oil fields in Pennsylvania, with information relating to the process
of refining oil, and tables showing the amount of exports of oil from the United
States, by years, from 1870 to 1874; the amount of oil shipments from the oil region,
by months, in 1875; the price of oil by months, each year, from 1870 to 1875; the
production, average price, and amount of oil exported from the Pennsylvania oil wells,
by years, from 1859 to 1874; the number of wells drilled, each year, from 1869 to 1874;
and returns from parties engaged in the storage and transportation of petroleum for
the year 1875.
Manufacturing industries (81 pages).—A textual statement of reports of a number of
iron furnaces and rolling mills of the state, giving the number of employés, their
wages, etc.; a copy of the act introduced in the state legislature in regard to restric-
tions upon trades; a consideration of child labor; a textual account of the paper in-
dustry of the state, and of cotton and woollen mills, with reports from several com-
panies, giving wages of employés, etc.; a textual account of the mineral resources of
Lancaster county; and a textual and statistical review of the iron trade of the state
in 1875. Tables give the stock of anthracite pig iron on hand, by districts, for 1874
and 1875; the price of pig irou, by months, each year, from 1869 to 1875; the pro-
~duction of pig iron, by years, from 1871 to 1875; the number of furnaces out of blast
for 1874 and 1875; the price of old rails and scrap iron, bar iron and new rails, each
year, from 1872 to 1875, by months; and a textual and statistical consideration of
the iron and steel industry of the country, with tables showing the production of
pig iron, rails, and nails in the country, for various years, from 1810 to 1874; of
Bessemer steel rails, each year, from 1867 to 1874; the importation of iron products,
by articles, for various years, from 1821 to 1810, and each year, from 1850 to 1874;
the value of domestic iron and steel and manufactures of same, exported each year,
from 1821 to 1874, and of domestic iron and manufactures of iron, by years, from 1791
to 1820.
Railroad labor report (36 pages).-Statistical tables giving, by roads, the number of
employés and their wages, by occupations; the quantity and cost, by items, of ma-
terials used by each engine, cost of repairs, and the number of miles run by each en-
gine during January, 1875, on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad,
with a recapitulation for all engines, by months, for the whole year; the rate of
wages paid, by occupations, on railroads in a number of states; the wages and houre
of labor, by occupations, of employés of the Grand Trunk Railway Company in 1874;
the length of railroads in the state, by roads, and the names, length, and cost of
street railways in the state.
Canals and telegraphs (3 pages).-Tables giving a list of canals, their length, cost,
etc., and a list of telegraph companies, giving their length, cost, receipts, etc., in 1874.
School statistics (13 pages).-This embraces mainly statistical tables showing the
educational growth of the state, by years, from 1865 to 1875; the estimated value of
school property, by counties; the number of schools, teachers, and scholars; the
amount of taxes for school purposes, etc., by counties, in 1875, and a statement
of the financial condition of the soldiers' orphan schools, and concludes with an
article on the necessity of night schools in mining and manufacturing towns.
Pennsylvania state college (41 pages).-Under this head are given a textual history
and description of the college, its courses of study, methods of instruction, and re-
sources and expenditures.
190
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Miscellaneous coal reports (21 pages).-Various statistical tables giving the production
of coal on the globe, each year, from 1870 to 1873, by countries; the amount of coal
carried by various roads of the state and for various years, from 1850 to 1874, and the
production of various coal companies for various years; the wages of employés
of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, by occupations and col-
lieries, and the total production, the number of days in operation, and the number of
employés of the same, and the number and wages of employés, by occupations, of the
Pennsylvania Coal Company.
Foreign trade of Pennsylvania (28 pages).-Statistical tables showing the amount and
value of imports and exports of Philadelphia, by countries and articles, in 1875, with
summaries; the amount of duties received in 1874 and 1875, by months; the number
of foreign letters received and sent in 1875; the number of immigrants in 1875; and
the number, tonnage, and nationality of vessels entering and clearing from Phila-
delphia in 1875. Other tables give the amount and value of imports and exports of
Erie, by articles.
Flax culture (3 pages).-A letter by Wilson Watson to the governor of the state con-
taining data concerning the culture of flax; and a table showing for a number of states,
for 1873, the number of acres in wheat, the yield, its value, the number of bushels
per acre, and price per bushel.
·
Prices (4 pages).-Statistical tables showing the average retail prices of leading
commodities in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, for the years 1867, 1869,
and 1874, and in Pennsylvania in 1875; and a table showing the average weekly
expenditures, by items, of families of workingmen in a number of manufacturing
towns of the state, with the number of persons in family indicated.
Wages (7 pages).—Statistical tables giving the average rates of wages and number
of employés, by occupations, in the iron shipbuilding yards of W. Cramp and Sons,
in 1874; in the shipbuilding yard and iron works of Chester, Pennsylvania, in 1874;
in the iron industries of Pittsburgh, and in the glass works of Thomas Wightman &
Co., of Pittsburgh. A table shows, by occupations, the number of persons in special
occupations in Pennsylvania, by age periods and sex.
Lumber (16 pages). This topic includes a review of the Williamsport trade for the
year 1875, an article on the destruction of our forests, and several tables giving the
amount of lumber shipped from various places and by various roads; an estimate of
the amount of lumber at Williamsport, January 1, 1875 and 1876, by yards; and the
stock on hand at several points on January 1, each year, from 1870 to 1875.
Tanneries (6 pages).—This gives textual statements of the condition of the trade by
George B. Kerper, and reports from several companies, including a table showing
for three tanneries, the number of their employés and their average wages, by occn-
pations.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1875-'76.-[1074 PAGES.]
State government (30 pages).-A list of the names of the governor, heads of depart-
ments of the state, and members of the state legislature; the names and dates of organi-
zation of counties, the names of county towns and their distances from Washington
and Harrisburg; a historical and statistical table of the United States showing when,
where, and by whom cach state was settled, when the Constitution was adopted, when
admitted into the Union, and the area and population in 1870; and a list of American
wars, with their duration and cost.
Some remarks on crime and its causes (33 pages).—This is a textual and statistical paper
on crime and its causes, prepared by Richard Vaux. The tables, covering about 13
pages interspersed throughout the text, give a record of 37 convicts in the eastern
penitentiary in 1876, showing their ages, crimes, condition of parents, etc.; the num-
ber of persons charged with crime in the state in 1875, number of bills tried, number
of acquittals, number of convictions and number of nolle prosequies, arranged by
A
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA. 191
"
crimes and also by counties; the number of convictions, by crimes, in 1875, distin-
guishing between crimes against property and crimes against persons, for each county
in the state; the number and per cent. of convictions for crimes against property and
against persons, according to the educational condition of the criminal, for each year,
from 1829 to 1873; the number of unapprenticed prisoners received at the eastern peni-
tentiary during the period 1865 to 1875, and for 1876 alone, distinguishing between
those who had a trade and those who had no trade on conviction, by counties; and
the number of persons received during the period 1870 to 1876, and for 1876 alone,
by counties, showing the number who had attended public or private schools or
none at all.
Financial (17 pages).—This topic embraces a number of tables, giving, by names, a
list of national banks in the state, with their location and the amount of capital and
circulation, on October 2, 1876; abstract of reports made to the Comptroller of the
Currency, showing the condition of the national banks in the state of Pennsylvania,
and in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia separately, at the close of business on June 30,
and October 2, 1876; a statement of the Comptroller of the Currency showing the
capital, surplus, dividends, and earnings of the national banks in the state, exclu-
sive of those in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, from March 1, 1869, to September1,
1876; the revenues and expenditures of the state by items, with a recapitulation, by
months, from December 1, 1875, to November 30, 1876; and a statement of the state
public debt on December 1, 1876.
Insurance (7 pages).-Tlris consists of summarized tables taken from the report of
J. M. Forster, insurance commissioner of Pennsylvania. They show the amount of
business done by insurance companies operating in Pennsylvania during the year 1875,
their income, losses, etc., and present condition.
Industries (138 pages).—A general textual and statistical consideration of indus-
tries, their number, extent, etc., in the central, western, and northwestern portions
of the state. A large number of short miscellaneous tables interspersed through-
out the text give varied information, as list of firms and addresses; the amount of
traflic of railroads; the tonnage of vessels built in the vicinity of Pittsburgh, from
1858 to 1875; a list of.coke works and of collieries, their value, the amount paid
out in wages, etc., in different parts of the state, with recapitulations, by districts; a
list of glass firms, when they were established and the number of furnaces and fac-
tories; and the production and consumption of iron per capita in various countries.
The treatment of Pittsburgh and the Allegheny valley is elaborate and includes an
account of the geographical position and advantages, the growth of population and
industries, giving the names of the principal establishments and their productions,
etc. The receipts of oil each year, from 1869 to 1875, at Pittsburgh and the shipments
of oil from 1865 to 1875 are given. The paper includes an account of the oil region,
giving the production of oil, by works, from 1869 to 1876, the names of companies
and their capacity, and a table of railroads in each county, with the number of miles
projected and operated, and a recapitulation, by counties, with a grand total for the
state, January 1, 1877.
Petroleum (9 pages).-A textual review of facts concerning the origin and produc-
tion of oil in Pennsylvania, prepared by Henry E. Wrigley, civil and mining engi-
neer, with a table giving the production of oil in 1876, by names of companies.
Coal (258 pages).—This subject embraces individual reports received from a large
number of companies, giving, by counties, for anthracite and bituminous coal mines
separately, the number of employés (men and boys) and their average wages, by occu
pations in each mine, the length of time the mine was in operation during the year,
the number of tons and value of annual product. These reports are combined in
general tables giving the same facts, by companies and counties. The subject of
ventilation of mines is discussed, with tables illustrating tests by the barometer and
safety lamp, and a table showing the air pressure in pounds per square foot of surface
area in shafts at different depths and different degrees of temperature. Other tables
1
192
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
give a list of fatal casualties, by causes and by counties, each year, from 1869 to 1875;
the price of anthracite coal at Philadelphia, by months, for each year, from 1826 to
1875; the amount of anthracite coal shipped, by districts, for each year, from 1820 to
1875; and from Cumberland for each year, from 1842 to 1875; and the weight of coal
per acre, for beds varying from 1 to 40 feet in thickness.
Zinc ore mining (1 page).-An account of the Lehigh Zinc Company's mines,
giving the quantity and value of annual product, the number of men and boys em-
ployed, by occupations, with daily wages paid to each.
Iron ore mining (11 pages).-Separate reports from a number of iron mines give the
number of employés (men and boys) and their average wages, by occupations, the
number of tons and value of annual product; and a table shows analyses of ores of
different mines.
Manufactures (231 pages).—Under this head are presented individual reports from a
large number of firms engaged in manufacturing, giving, by industries, for each estab-
lishment separately, the number of employés (men and boys) and their average wages,
by occupations, and in some cases the hours of labor; the length of time the estab-
lishment was in operation during the year, the value of the annual product, etc.
The industries treated of are: Iron founderies and machine shops; powder; straw
and manila paper; roofing slate; whitewash brush blocks; fire brick; shovels, scoops,
and spades; axes, scythes, edge tools; railroad and mining tools; steel; iron sponge
and open hearth stoves; boilers, stills, tanks, etc.; iron bridges; freight cars; light
locomotives; railroad freight and coal cars; brass founderies and iron pipe fitting;
copper and brass rolling mills; cast steel; rolling mills; blast furnaces; forges;
glass works; cotton mills and woollen mills. Recapitulations give the same infor-
mation for iron founderies and machine shops, for rolling mills and for blast furnaces,
by counties and by firms. There is also included a review of the eastern iron trade
for 1876, with a discussion of the probabilities for 1877, and a table showing the pro-
duction of pig iron in the United States in 1875 and 1876, by states and districts,
taken from the bulletin of the American Iron and Steel Association.
Tanneries (49 pages). This comprises textual reports, by counties, of the operation
of 172 tanning establishments, giving the names of firms and their post office ad-
dresses; the amount and value of the annual product; the wages of employés, by
occupations; the quantity and value of raw material used; and remarks as to loca-
tion, buildings, length of time in operation during the year, etc.; and a table,
arranged by counties and establishments, combining the principal facts of the fore-
going information, in form of a recapitulation.
Lumber (28 pages).-This presents textual and statistical reports from individual
firms, showing the amount and value of the product, and the number of employés
(men and boys) and their average daily wages, in most cases by occupations; the
length of time the mill was in operation, etc. Tables give the amount of stock on
hand January 1, each year, from 1870 to 1876, by yards, and the amount of lumber in
the Williamsport market January 1, 1877, by names of yards.
Social condition (17 pages).-Under this title are presented a statement of the con-
dition of the laboring classes in the state, the cause of such condition, and some sug-
gestions as to the remedy. Reports from a number of workingmen in various parts of
the state are given, showing their occupations, nationalities, wages, hours of labor,
yearly earnings, the number in family, and their cost of living in detail.
Railroad labor report (37 pages).-Statistical tables giving for each of twenty-nine
roads, by occupations, the number of employés and their average wages, hours of
labor and number of days worked during the year; the quantity of freight carried
over 68 roads, by articles; and a description of the block system on the Pennsyl-
vania railroad.
Commerce of Philadelphia (42 pages).—This is a report by Peter Wright & Sous, and
consists of tables giving the quantity and value of imports of the city during the
year 1876, by countries from which brought and by articles, with a summary
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA.
193
-
by articles; a recapitulation, by countries, of the value of imports carried in
American and in foreign vessels; imports in bond via New York and San Francisco;
the value of merchandise imported via Philadelphia in bond to other cities; the
amount of duty received at the customhouse in Philadelphia, by months, for 1875 and
1876; the number of immigrants landed, by countries and sex; the quantity and
value of exports, by countries and by articles, with recapitulation by articles and by
countries, and whether in American or foreign vessels; the value of breadstuffs and
provisions and of petroleum exported, by countries; the value of imports and ex-
ports each year, from 1821 to 1876; the number, tonnage, and value of cargo of vessels
clearing and entering, by nationality of the vessels; also the number entering and
clearing for coastwise trade, by months, in 1876; and a textual consideration of some
of the leading industries of the city, viz: Grain, iron, woollen manufactures, tobacco,
petroleum, machinery and manufactures of iron, and leather, with illustrative tables
giving the amount of grain receipts, by kinds and months, in 1876, and by kinds and
years, for 1873, 1874, 1875, and 1876; the estimated production of tobacco in the world
for the period 1870 to 1873, by countries; and the quantity of petroleum received
for each year, from 1866 to 1876.
Commerce of Erie (7 pages).-A series of tables gives the amount of imports and exports
for each year, from 1868 to 1876, by articles; the number and tonnage of vessels on the
lake, for 1872 and 1876; the amount of receipts and exports of grain, lumber, and coal,
as showing the trade of Erie; the amount of capital invested in, the number of
employés, and the value of the products of a number of manufacturing industries, for
1875 and 1876; a statement of the banking capital, distinguishing between national
banks and savings and private banks; and the dates of the opening of the harbors
of Buffalo, New York, and Erie in the spring of each year, from 1826 to 1876.
Noxious insects (18 pages).-A textual paper on the Colorado potato beetle, with
illustrations of insects and suggestions as to means of destroying it, by Prof. S. S.
Rathvon.
School statistics (14 pages).-Consists of tables from the report of the superintendent
of public instruction, showing the number of school districts, schools, teachers,
pupils, etc.; the expenses of instruction, the average salary of teachers, etc.; the
educational growth, by years, from 1866 to 1876; the estimated value of school prop-
erty, by counties; the number of schools and the number of teachers, male and female,
and their average salary; the number of scholars, by sex, their average attendance
and the cost of teaching per pupil; the school tax rate and amount of tax levied for
school and building purposes, by counties; the amount of receipts and expenses, by
items and by counties; the same information for cities and boroughs having 5.000 in-
habitants and upward; and the number of teachers and their average salary, the num-
ber of scholars, and the amount of appropriations for schools, school expenses, etc.,
each year, from 1854 to 1876. Other tables give a list of appropriations for soldiers'
orphan schools and their annual expenditures for each year, from 1865 to 1876, and a
list of orphan schools and homes, showing the number admitted, the number of
inmates of each, by sex, the number discharged, etc.
The Centennial (122 pages).—Under this title is embraced a textual report of the ex-
position, containing a list of the members of the United States Centennial Commis-
sion, of the board of finance, and of foreign commissioners, arranged by countries;
a description of the buildings, an account of the opening ceremonies, May 10, 1876,
and a list of exhibitors, judges, and those receiving awards of prizes.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1876-77.-[826 PAGES.]
United States and state governments (21 pages).—This gives a list of the names of the
governor, heads of departments of the state, and members of the state legislature;
the names of the counties, with the dates of their organization; the names of county
towns, and their distances from Washington and Harrisburg. Historical and statis-
tical tables show for each state when, where, and by whom settled; when it adopted
13400—————13
194
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
.
the Constitution; when admitted into the Union; its area and population in 1870;
its seat of government; the time of holding election, and the date of the meeting of its
legislature, and are followed by a list of American wars, with their duration and
cost.
Petroleum (6 pages).-This consists entirely of statistical tables giving official re-
turns from parties engaged in the storage and transportation of petroleum, for the
year 1877, by companies; the daily average production, the daily average shipments,
stocks first of each month, and daily average exports, by months, for four years com-
bined; a statement for 1877, showing the production and shipments, etc., of oil; the
exports and value of each kind of oil exported in 1877 (from the United States
Bureau of Statistics); the total export of petroleum in 1877, from New York, Boston,
Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Richmond; a table of the production of oil and num-
ber of wells drilled in 1877, by districts; the price of oil each month, from 1859 to 1877;
the average daily production each month, from 1870 to 1877, and the total stock of
crude petroleum in the oil-producing fields at the close of each month, from 1870 to
1877.
Tobacco (3 pages).-A statistical table showing the exports of leaf tobacco from the
United States each year, from 1790 to 1877, and a review of the production of tobacco
in Lancaster county, by Willard T. Black.
Strikes (26 pages). This heading comprises a textual article on strikes, by Richard
Vaux, with a table showing the occupations and educational condition of 257 con-
victs, from 18 to 25 years of age, admitted into the eastern state penitentiary during
the year 1877.
Financial (16 pages). This consists entirely of statistical tables giving a list of the
national banks in the state, with their location, amount of capital stock and circu-
lation outstanding, October 1, 1877; the resources and liabilities of national banks
in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh, June 22, 1877, and October 1, 1877;
the dividends and earnings of national banks in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and
Pittsburgh, with their ratios to capital and surplus fund, semi-annually, from March
1, 1869, to September 1, 1877; the receipts and expenditures of the state, by items, in
1877, with a recapitulation, by months; and a statement of the public debt of the
state, December 1, 1877.
Insurance (7 pages).-Statistical tables showing the amount of business done by
the insurance companies of the state, their income, losses, etc.; and their con-
dition in 1876.
Coal statistics (245 pages).-Under this heading are given separate reports from a
large number of companies engaged in the mining of coal, showing, by counties, for
anthracite and bituminous coal mines separately, the number of employés (men and
boys) in each mine; their hours of labor and average wages, by occupations; the
number of days the mine was in operation during the year, and the quantity and
value of the annual product, etc. These reports are combined in general tables pre-
senting the same facts, by companies and counties. Additional tables for anthracite
coal mines give the amount of coal shipped from the Shamokin region each year,
from 1839 to 1877; an estimate of the extent of the anthracite coal fields of the state;
the coal production of the globe in 1874, by countries; the production, expenses, and
cost per ton of collieries owned by the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Com-
pany, each year, from 1873 to 1877, by months; their production for the same period,
by individual collieries; and the operation of the beneficial fund of the company in
1877.
Coal mine inspectors' reports (118 pages).-These are separate reports by district
inspectors of bituminous coal mines, giving a textual description of the different
mines located in their districts. The reports are accompanied by maps and sev-
eral plans illustrating the improved methods of working bituminous coal mines in
Pennsylvania. Statistical tables give a list of all collieries, by name; their capacity
and ventilation; the number of employés (men and boys); the total production; and
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA.
195
a list of accidents, with their nature and causes, and a statement of the names, ages,
and conjugal condition of the sufferers.
Tanneries, paper mills, the iron trade, glass works, cotton mills, and woollen mills (100)
pages).—Under these several headings are given textual descriptions of a number
of firms engaged in each of the above mentioned industries, showing their condi-
tion, the number of employés, the value of the annual product, etc.; and statisti-
cal tables giving, by counties and establishments, for tanneries and iron industries,
the number of employés, the amount of capital invested, the amount paid annually
for wages, the daily wages of employés, and the cost of raw material and the value
of annual product.
Railroad labor report (46 pages).—This topic embraces statistical tables giving, for
cach road separately, by occupations, the number of employés, their wages and
hours of labor, and the number of days worked during the year.
Lehigh valley (10 pages).-A textual consideration of the means of communication
in Lehigh valley, treating briefly of the early modes of travelling, the progress and
utility of highways, navigation, and the railroads traversing the valley, with short
tables giving the production and shipment of coal by decades, from 1820 to 1870; the
number of passengers and the amount of freight carried, and the receipts, by sources,
of the Lehigh Valley railroad in 1876.
Philadelphia (17 pages).—A brief textual consideration of the industrial establish-
ments, public improvements, permanent exhibition, and railroad connections of the
city, and tables giving the quantity and value of exports of the city in 1877, by coun-
tries and by articles; the number of vessels entering the port in 1877, with their ton-
nage, by nationality, and the number clearing the port in 1877, by nationality, with
their tonnage and the value of cargo; the number of vessels with the number of their
crews, entering and clearing in the coastwise trade in 1877; and the value of exports
of breadstuffs, provisions, and petroleum in 1877, by countries.
Valley of the Schuylkill (12 pages).-This consists of a brief textual description of the
valley, and tables giving the receipts of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad
Company from passengers and freight, etc., in 1877; the number of passengers and the
amount of coal and merchandise carried each year, from 1874 to 1877; the amount of
coal carried, by places from which it was received, and the amounts delivered at
different places; the distribution of coal carried on the Schuylkill canal in 1877;
and the items of cost, in detail, of hauling coal on the Philadelphia and Reading road
for the year ending November 30, 1877.
Industries (49 pages).-Under this heading are grouped reports from a number of
establishments engaged in various branches of industry in the state, viz: Slate,
zine, stoneware, fire brick, carriages, powder, steel, shipbuilding, tool manufacture,
furniture, lightning rods, glue, soap, bone dust, etc., ochre works, knitting mills, lum-
ber, planing mills, and sash and door factories. Statistical tables give, for most indus-
tries, the amount of capital employed and the value of the annual product; the number
of employés (men and boys), and their wages, hours of labor, and the number of days
the establishment was in operation. Tables for lumber firms reporting give their
product, by articles.
Wages in Pennsylvania (13 pages).-Statistical tables showing the rates of wages
paid per day in coal mines, blast furnaces, rolling mills, iron founderies and machine
shops, bridge building, lumber mills, glass works, cotton mills, calico printing,
woollen mills, and tanneries, during the year 1876.
Valuation, taxation, and indebtedness (107 pages).-Statistical tables based on returns
from township and municipal clerks and secretaries of school boards, showing, for
each county separately, by townships, the assessed value of real estate, the rate of
taxation for each purpose, the amount of township, municipal, and school indebted-
ness, the value of municipal property, the value of school property, and the number
of taxables.
Somerset county (6 pages).-Statistical tables showing, by districts, the number and
MA
196
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
value of houses, barns, mills, etc.; the number of church members, by denomina-
tions, and the amounts of agricultural products in 1876.
Paper and its manufacture (13 pages).-A textual account and history of paper
manufacture and of paper manufactories in the state, with an article on printing
and newspapers by W. D. Blackburn.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1877-'78.-[769 PAGES.]
United States and state governments (15 pages).-This gives a list of the names of the
governor, heads of departments of the state, and members of the state legislature;
the names of the counties, with the dates of their organization; and the names of
county towns and their distances from Washington and Harrisburg. Historical and
statistical tables of the United States show when, where, and by whom each state
was settled; when it adopted the Constitution; date of its admission into the Union;
its area and population in 1870; its seat of government; the date of holding election,
and of the meeting of its legislature; and are followed by a list of American wars,
with their duration and cost.
Financial (15 pages).-Statistical tables give the assets and liabilities of national
banks in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, June 29, 1878, and October 1,
1878; a list of national banks in the state, their location, amount of capital and cir-
culation October 1, 1878; the dividends and earnings of national banks in Pennsyl-
vania, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, with their ratio to capital and surplus fund,
semi-annually, March 1, 1869, to September 1, 1878; the receipts and expenditures of
the state in 1878, by items; and the valuation and assessment of property, by counties.
Reports of inspectors of mines (303 pages).-These are separate reports of district in-
spectors of bituminous coal mines, giving a description of different mines and their
operations during the year. The reports are accompanied by maps and several
plans, illustrating the mode of ventilating and working bituminous coal mines in
Pennsylvania, and statistical tables giving for each month, by collieries, the power
used, the number of employés (men and boys), the number of tons produced, the
condition of the mines as regards ventilation, etc., and a list of accidents, their na-
ture and cause, and a statement of the names, ages, and conjugal condition of the
sufferers.
Coal statistics (223 pages).—This topic comprises individual reports of a large num-
ber of companies giving, for bituminous and for anthracite coal mines separately,
the number of employés (men and boys) in cach mine; their hours of labor and daily
wages, by occupations; the number of days the mine was in operation during the
year; the quantity and value of the annual product, etc. These reports are com-
bined in general tables, presenting the same facts by companies and counties, and
are supplemented by an article on bcchive coke ovens, by John Fulton, with an illus-
tration showing the plan, elevation, and details, of beehive coke ovens of the Cam-
bria Iron Company at Bennington shaft. Additional tables for anthracite coal mines
give the amount of coal shipped from the Shamokin region each year, from 1839 to
1878; an estimate of the extent of the anthracite coal fields of the state; the coal
production of the globe in 1876, by countries; the production, expenses, and average
cost per ton of coal at collieries worked by the Philadelphia and Reading Coal
and Iron Company, each year, from 1874 to 1878, by months, and their production
each year, from 1874 to 1878, by individual collieries; the number of accidents at the
same collieries, by years, from 1873 to 1878, showing the character of the accidents;
and the operation of the beneficial fund of the company in 1878; tables showing the
operations of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, giving the number
of passengers and the amount of coal, etc., carried each year, from 1875 to 1878; the
amount of coal carried to different points of supply and distribution; and the amount
of merchandise transported, by articles; the receipts of the company, by sources,
and expenses, by classes of items; the tonnage of freight carried each year, from
1850 to 1878; the extent of each of the several roads operated by the Philadelphia
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA.
197
and Reading railroad, November 30, 1878; the detailed items of cost in hauling coal
on this road in 1878; and the detailed cost of running passenger trains and general
freight trains.
Railroad labor report (36 pages).—Statistical tables with textual comments, giving,
by roads, the number of employés, by occupations, their hours of labor and wages,
and in some cases the number of days employed during the year.
Founderies and machine shops, blast furnaces, rolling mills, lumber, cotton mills, woollen
mills, and tanneries (168 pages).-Reports from individual firms engaged in the above-
mentioned industries, giving the number of their employés; their hours of labor
and wages, by occupations; the number of days in operation and the value of an-
nual product, etc.
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1878-79.-[663 PAGES.]
Report of bureau (11 pages).
Coal (37 pages).—Under this heading are included a paper, prepared by P. W.
Sheafer, giving a brief historical account of the early development of anthracite
coal in Dauphin county, and statistical tables showing the production of anthracite
coal in the state, by districts and by years, from 1820 to 1879; the area and estimated
contents of the anthracite coal fields of the state; also tabulated reports of 149 anthra-
cite and of 96 bituminous collieries in the state, giving their names, date when
opened, quantity and value of annual product, the amount paid for material and
wages of employés, the number of employés, by classified occupations, with the daily
wages paid each class, the number of hours worked per day and the number of days
in operation during the year, with recapitulations, by counties and occupations; and
a summary of accidents at collieries worked by the Philadelphia and Reading Coal
and Iron Company, each year, from 1873 to 1879.
Iron and steel (86 pages).-Statistical tables, with textual comments, treating each
branch of the iron industry separately. Tables give lists of bloomaries for manu-
facturing blooms from pig iron and scrap iron, of blast furnaces, of rolling mills, and
of iron founderies and machine shops of the state, showing for each establishment its
location, when built, capacity and annual product, number of employés, etc., and
in most cases the number of weeks in operation during the year, the number of
employés, by classified occupations, and the daily wages paid each class. Other
tables give a comparison of operations at Cove Forge, Pennsylvania, for the years
1857, 1863, 1871, and 1879, giving for each year the number of employés and their
wages, by occupations, the length of time in operation and the amount of product;
prices of various grades of iron, for 1878 and 1879; the number and capacity of blast
furnaces, rolling mills, steel works, and bloomaries in the United States and in
Pennsylvania; a list of blast furnaces of Pittsburgh; the product and percentage of
total product of pig iron, each year, from 1874 to 1878, in the United States, Pennsyl-
vania, and in Allegheny county; the production of rolled iron each year, from 1874
to 1878, and of steel, for 1877 and 1878, in the United States and in Allegheny county,
with percentage of total product; wages paid in the tin plate industry and at the
Bethlehem Iron Works; the imports, of iron, each year, from 1862 to 1878, and of
steel rails, each year, from 1871 to 1879, with the rate and amount of duty paid;
and the number of persons employed in the steel works of the state, arranged by
classified occupations, with the daily wages paid each class.
Arbitration and conciliation (48 pages). This is a textual consideration of arbitra-
tion and conciliation based on a report to Governor Hartranft, by Joseph D. Weeks,
giving an account of arbitration in England and in Pennsylvania, and embracing
short tables and copies of memoranda of agreements fixing a scale of wages and
prices, as follows: Pittsburgh, price for boiling iron, made February 13, 1865; Pitts-
burgh, price for boiling, July 23, 1867; Pittsburgh, price for boiling, May, 1879; Pitts-
burgh, price for rolling and heating, October 17, 1879; prices of iron and nails at
Pittsburgh, each year, from 1864 to 1880; and a schedule of wages paid at the
198
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Hughes and Patterson Iron Works of Philadelphia, September, 1878; the price of
coal in the Schuylkill valley and wages of employés, by occupations, in 1879; and a
chart comparing the prices for boiling iron with those for mining coal, by years,
from 1870 to 1879.
Glass, textile fabrics, boots and shoes, lumber, and tanneries (76 pages).-Statistical tables
based on returns from manufacturers, giving in separate tables for each industry
and subdivision of industries, by establishments, and recapitulations by counties,
the number of employés, with their average daily wages, number of days the estab-
lishment was in operation, and value of annual product, etc.
Tobacco (3 pages).-A textual account of the tobacco crop of Lancaster county
in 1879, by Frank H. Diffenderfer.
Petroleum (13 pages).-Statistical tables giving the production, amount of stock on
hand, and number of wells, etc., of Pennsylvania for December, 1879, by districts;
shipments of oil in December, 1879, by roads; the United Pipe Lines' report, show-
ing their condition at the close of business, December 31, 1879, and the amount of
outstanding certificates each month, for 1878 and 1879; exports from the United
States, for the years 1877, 1878, 1879, by ports; the production of oil in Pennsylvania;
exports, by months, from the United States in 1879; the condition of petroleum pro-
duction for November and December, 1878 and 1879, and the number of drilling wells,
amount of stock on hand, amount of shipments, and production in Pennsylvania, by
years, for each month, from 1870 to 1879.
Railroad labor report (15 pages).-Statistical tables giving, by names of roads, the
number of employés of each and their average wages, by occupations.
Miscellaneous manufactures (30 pages).-Under this heading are presented the returns
from a number of firms engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements, axes
and edge tools, bolts and nuts, brass castings, carriages and wagons, chains, furni-
ture, fire brick, iron bridges, etc., locks, paper, printed books and stationery, port-
able engines, railroad axles, railroad cars, light locomotives, sash, doors, etc., saws,
etc., files and rasps, slate, steam boilers, tanks, sheet iron works, stone and earthen
ware, wrought iron pipe; in shipbuilding; and in paperhanging, giving the num-
ber of employés, annual capacity, the value of the annual product, and in a number
of cases the daily wages paid to employés, by occupations.
Earnings (33 pages).-Statistical tables based on returns from employés, represent-
ing eighty-five different occupations, giving, by occupations, the average weekly
wagos, number of weeks worked, and yearly earnings; and by individuals, their
weekly wages, occupations, ages, earnings, hours of labor, the number in family,
their earnings, and expenses in detail, etc.
Payment of wages (36 pages).—A textual consideration of the method of paying
wages by company scrip, with illustrations of scrip used by several establishments
in the state, and the laws of New Jersey and Ohio on the subject.
Reports of inspectors of mines (267 pages).—Separate reports of district inspectors of
coal mines give textual accounts of the mines visited, with maps; and statistical
tables present the names, location, power, capacity, and ventilation of the respective
collieries in each district, with the number of employés and the amount of product;
and lists of accidents with their nature and cause, giving the name, age, and conju-
gal condition of each person injured, for the year 1879.
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1879-'80.-[474 PAGES.]
Report of bureau (5 pages).—A statement of the methods employed by the bureau in
conducting its investigation, and a tabular statement of the population, for 1870 and
1880; square miles and number of acres in the several counties of the state, with the
names of the county towns.
The anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania and their exhaustion (14 pages). This topic.
embraces an article prepared by P. W. Sheafer, on the anthracite coal supply of the
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—PENNSYLVANIA. 199
-
state, with tables giving the output of anthracite coal of the Schuylkill, Lehigh,
and Wyoming districts, each year, from 1820 to 1880; the coal product of the United
States, for 1869 and 1878, by states; coal exports in 1878, by countries; the area of
the anthracite coal fields of the state, by companies; and the extent of the coal fields
of Great Britain.
Coal (12 pages).—Statistical tables giving, by counties and operators, the área of
coal lands owned and operated by 442 collieries, the number of employés, the number
of days in operation, and the product during the past year.
Iron and steel (42 pages).-Statistical tables, with textual comments, giving the pro-
duction of pig iron in the United States, by states and territories, and of Pennsyl-
vania and Ohio, by districts, each year, from 1872 to 1880, according to fuel used; the
condition of blast furnaces of the United States, by states, and of Pennsylvania and
Ohio, by districts, in 1880; the production of Bessemer steel ingots and of steel rails
in the United States, by years, from 1872 to 1880; a list of blast furnaces and of rolling
mills in the state, by counties, giving the number of employés, kind of fuel used,
number of days in operation during the year, etc., of each; the average wages, by occu-
pations, paid in the Bethlehem Iron Works; the number and capacity of iron and
steel works of the United States; the production of the iron and steel works and of
rolling mills of the United States, by articles, for 1870 and 1880, and of Bessemer and
open-hearth steel works in 1880; the number of iron and steel establishments, the
amount of capital invested, etc., in the United States, by geographical divisions; the
production of irou, by states, for 1870 and 1880; a list of the principal counties of
various states having the largest production; the quantities of different minerals
used in the iron and steel works of the country in 1880. A set of general tables gives,
by states, the number of all blast furnaces, rolling mills, steel works, forges, and
bloomaries in the United States in 1880; the amount of capital invested; their pro-
duction; number of employés (men, women, and children), etc.; and a list of 140 iron
founderies of the state, by counties, giving their capacity, the number of employés,
and the number of days in operation.
Glass, carriages and wagons, lumber, tanneries, miscellaneous industries (23 pages).-This
consists of statistical tables based on returns from manufacturers engaged in the
above-mentioned industries, giving, in separate tables for each industry and sub-
division of industries, by counties, the number of establishments, number of em-
ployés, the number of days or weeks in operation, and in most cases the quantity or
value of the annual product.
Textile fabrics (45 pages).-This topic embraces a brief review of the textile indus-
tries of Philadelphia and vicinity, and statistical tables, giving separately for each
branch of the textile industry a list of establishments at Philadelphia, the power
used, kind of goods manufactured, and the number of looms, spindles, etc. There
are also similar tables for the state, by counties. Other tables from the United States
census of 1880 give, by states, the number of looms and spindles, the number of em-
ployés, and the number of bales of cotton consumed in the cotton manufacture of
the United States, the product of silk in the United States, by articles; the number
of silk factories in the United States, the amount of capital invested, the value of
products, and the number of employés, by sex, etc., by states.
Petroleum (9 pages).-Statistical tables giving a statement made by the United
Pipe Lines, showing the amount of their stock, surplus, receipts, and deliveries for
each month, beginning with April, 1877, to 1880; the number of producing wells, new
wells, and wells drilling, and the production, shipments, etc., by years and months,
from 1870 to 1880; also tables showing exports of petroleum, by cities, each year,
from 1875 to 1880; the amount of petroleum produced, and quantity and value ex-
ported from the United States, by years, from 1864 to 1880.
Railroads of Pennsylvania (9 pages).-Statistical tables show, for each road in the
state, the number of miles operated, number of bridges, the number of the several
classes of cars, and the amount of freight transported during the year 1880.
200
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Agricultural (16 pages).-A textual and statistical comparison of the condition of
agriculture in the state for the past ten years. Tables give the acreage, yield, and
value of the different agricultural productions of the state and of the United States,
by years, from 1871 to 1880, and the number and value of horses, mules, and cows in
the state during the same period.
Census of industries of Philadelphia (3 pages).—Statistical tables, giving the number of
different industrial establishments of the city, their capital, number of employés,
total amount paid in wages, and value of the material and of the product.
Imports and exports of the United States (9 pages).-Statistical tables from the United
States Bureau of Statistics, giving the imports and exports of the United States, by
articles, and the imports of iron ore, by countries, for 1879 and 1880.
Immigration (2 pages).-A statistical table giving the number of immigrants who
arrived in each customs district of the United States during each year, from 1871 to
1880.
Wages (64 pages).-This subject includes an article on wages, with brief remarks on
the truck system in England and in Pennsylvania, and tables compiled from opera-
tors' reports giving, by counties, for 1880, for each industry, the wages and yearly
earnings of employés, by occupations, in anthracite and bituminous coal mines,
blast furnaces, rolling mills, Bessemer steel works, iron founderies, glass works, Inn-
ber trade, carriage and wagon works, tanneries, textile fabric manufactures; on rail-
roads, by names of roads; miscellaneous industries; and farm laborers, for 1879 and
1880. Tabulated statements, based on 299 employés' returns, give, by individuals,
the occupation, age, hours of labor, wages and yearly earnings, number in family,
family earnings, total expenses, etc. Other tables give the prices of staple com-
modities in different sections throughout the state, December 31, 1880.
School statistics (6 pagos).-Statistical tables, giving the number of schools, teach-
ers, and scholars, the amount of tax levied for school purposes, the receipts, expend-.
itures, resources, and liabilities of the state, by counties; and a table showing the
number of teachers and scholars, the cost of building and instruction, receipts, and
salaries paid teachers, etc., for the state, excluding Philadelphia, for each year since
the establishment of the school system under the present law, from 1854 to 1880.
United States and territories (4 pages). Two statistical tables giving, by states, the
area of each, date of organization of territories, date of admission as states, and
the population each decade, from 1800 to 1880.
Building and loan associations (20 pages). This embraces an article by John H. Kerr
on the purpose, workings, and results of building and loan associations, and tables
giving for 163 building associations of the state, by counties and names of associa-
tions, the date of incorporation of each, its capital stock, value of shares, number
of shareholders, receipts from each source, its disbursements, assets, and liabilities.
Reports of inspectors of mines (138 pages).-Separate reports of district inspectors of
bituminous coal mines give textual accounts of mines visited, of mine improvements,
etc., with illustrations of mines; and statistical tables present lists of the collieries, by
name, location, and name of superintendent with postoffice address; the number of
employés, the power employed, and the annual product of each mine; general statis-
ties of ventilation for each month during the year 1880; and list of accidents, giving the
name, age, and conjugal condition of each person injured, and the nature and cause
of the accidents.
Labor laws of Pennsylvania (44 pages).-Copies of acts passed by the state legisla-
ture relating to labor are here presented, providing for exemption from execution;
relating to attachment of wages; regulating the hours of labor; limiting the age
of children employed in factories and in mines; regulating the hours of labor of
children; requiring fire escapes for factories, etc.; relating to mutual aid societies;
to conspiracy; regulating the methods of measuring coal at mines; confining
certain corporations to purposes for which created; securing wages in cases of in-
solvency; prohibiting the stay of excention on judgments for wages; providing for
the health and safety of employés in coal mines; and for the inspection of mines, etc.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA. 201
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1880-'81.—[650 Pages.]
Report of bureau (5 pages).
Coal and coke, iron and steel, glass, lumber, tanneries, textile fabrics, miscellaneous indus-
tries (111 pages).-Under the above headings are given statistical tables based on re-
turns from inanufacturers, showing separately for each industry and subdivision of
industries, by establishments and counties, the number of employés, the total amount
paid in wages, the number of days in operation, and the amount of product, etc.
For textile fabrics the number of looms and spindles is also given.
The available tonnage of the bituminous coal fields of Pennsylvania (16 pages).—A textual
and statistical paper by Dr. H. M. Chance, assistant geologist of the Pennsylvania
geological survey. The tables give, by counties and beds, the average coal thickness,
area, and tons of coal contained, and an estimate of the increase of the yearly out-
put, from 1880 to 1940, by decades.
Fire escapes (20 pages).—A statistical table, showing the condition of mills engaged
in the manufacture of textile fabrics throughout the state, with reference to the
height of buildings, the number employed on each floor, and the means of escape
in case of fire or panic.
Factory regulations (10 pages).-A textual consideration of the progress of factory
legislation.
Pennsylvania oil fields (4 pages).—Statistical tables giving, by districts, the produc-
tion of oil for the year 1881, the number of wells drilling, and the number of pro-
ducing wells December 31, 1881; the amount of shipments and of stock on hand, the
number of wells drilling and the number of producing wells, each month, for the
years 1870 to 1881.
Railroad statistics (12 pages).—Statistical tables giving, by roads, the number of miles
operated, the number of bridges, etc., and the amount of freight carried, by articles,
during the year 1881.
Employés (16 pages).-Statistical tables present employers' returns, giving the
number of employés engaged in the various industries of the state, by industries
and occupations, and their average wages, each year, from 1875 to 1881; the returns
from employés giving, by individuals, the age, occupation, hours of labor, wages, the
total earnings and expenses, etc.; and an exhibit, by counties, of the average retail
prices of groceries, provisions, etc., for 1880 and 1881.
Payment of wages (6 pages).—A textual consideration of the frequency and methods
of payment of wages in the state.
United States census (78 pages).-Statistical tables from the United States census
of 1880, giving the population of the state, by counties and local subdivisions; the
population, area, number of families, acres of land to a person, etc., for the Union,
by states and territories, and the number of manufacturing establishments, the
number of employés, amount of capital invested, and the value of the annual prod-
ucts of twenty of the principal cities of the Union.
School statistics (4 pages).-This consists of tabular statements, giving for the state,
by counties, the number of schools, teachers, and scholars, the amount of taxes
levied for school purposes, and itemized accounts of receipts and expenditures for
the school year ending June 6, 1881.
Labor troubles in Pennsylvania (130 pages).—A textual chronological account of labor
troubles in the state from 1835 to 1881, embracing a few short tables, giving, by
names of employés, the wages of bookfolders in Philadelphia, June, 1835; scales of
prices agreed upon between boilers and manufacturers, February 13, 1865, and July
23, 1867; with a summarized statement showing the occupations of strikers, and the
location, causes, and results of strikes.
Reports of inspectors of mines (187 pages).-These are separate reports of district
inspectors of bituminous coal mines. Each report gives a textual account of mines
visited, of mine improvements, etc., with maps and illustrations of mines, and
statistical tables giving a list of all collieries, by name, location, and name of superin-
202
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
tendent, with post office address; the number of employés, the power employed, and
the annual product of each mine; general statistics of ventilation for each month
during the year 1881; and a list of accidents, with their nature and cause, giving
the name, age, and conjugal condition of each person injured.
Labor laws of Pennsylvania (55 pages).-These are copies of acts passed by the state
legislature, providing for exemption from execution; relating to attachment of
wages; regulating the hours of labor; limiting the age of children employed in fac-
tories and in mines; requiring fire escapes for factories; relating to mutual aid as-
sociations; to conspiracy; regulating the inethods of measuring coal at mines;
confining certain corporations to purposes for which created; securing wages in cases
of insolvency; providing for payment of wages in legal tender; for the health and
safety of employés in coal mines; and for the protection of children from neglect and
cruelty, etc.
TENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1881-'82.-[405 PAGES.]
Report of bureau (4 pages).
Coal and coke statistics (2 pages).-Tables showing the number of collieries, persons
employed, wages paid, etc.
The iron and steel industries of Pennsylvania (37 pages).-A textual history by James
M. Swank, of the use of iron from the earliest times, of its early use in Europe, the
processes used in the manufacture of irou in early times, the manufacture of iron in
the American colonies, and its manufacture in Pennsylvania from the settlement of
the state to 1882. Short concluding tables give the production of the various forms
of iron and steel for 1882 in the United States and in Pennsylvania; the number of
the different iron and steel works in the state, by counties; and the number in the
United States and in Pennsylvania, and percentage of the latter to the whole.
The textile industries of Philadelphia and eastern Pennsylvania (10 pages).-This topic
embraces a general review of the subject by Lorin Blodgett, with two short tables.
One table presents a summary of the textile industries of Philadelphia, showing the
number of establishments and the number of their employés (men, women, and
children), by classes of textile industries; the other gives the number of establish-
ments of all kinds in the city and the number of their employés (men, women, and
children), by wards.
Coal, iron, glass, lumber, tanneries, textile fabrics, and miscellaneous industries (13 pages).-
Statistical tables based on returns from manufacturers, giving separately for each in-
dustry and subdivision of industries, by counties, the number of establishments,
number of employés, the total amount paid in wages, the number of days in opera-
tion, the amount of product for the year 1882, etc. For textile fabrics the number
of spindles and looms is also given.
Oil (5 pages),—Statistical tables giving the production of Pennsylvania and New
York oil fields, by districts, in 1882; the average daily production, the amount shipped,
the stock on hand, the number of wells drilling and the number of producing wells
each month, for each year, from 1871 to 1882, and the exports of petroleum, by customs
districts, in December, 1882.
Employés (16 pages).—Statistical tables giving the number of employés, by indus-
tries and occupations, compiled from employers' returns, with their average wages,
by occupations and industries, each year, from 1875 to 1882, except wages of employés
in Bessemer steel works, which are given for the years 1880, 1881, and 1882; returns
from employés, giving, by individuals, their ages, occupations, hours of labor, wages,
how often paid, their total earnings and expenses, etc.; and a list of average retail
prices of groceries, provisions, etc., for 1881 and 1882, by counties.
Statistics of manufactures (7 pages).-This includes statistical tables from the United
States census of 1880, giving for the United States, by states and territories, the total
number of industrial establishments, their capital, number of employés (men, women,
and children), and their nationality, the total amount paid in wages, and the value
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA.
203
of raw material and products, for 1870 and 1880; the same facts are presented for
Pennsylvania, by counties, for 1880, and also by selected industries.
Occupations (39 pages).—Statistical tables from the United States census of 1880, with
textual comments, giving, by classes of occupations, the number of employés in the
United States; the population, by age periods; the number employed in all occupa-
tions, for 1870 and 1880, with percentage of increase, by states and territories; the
population and number engaged in occupations in fifty principal cities of the Union;
the number of persons in the United States engaged in various occupations, by states
and territories; the number engaged in occupations, arranged according to age
periods, sex, nativity, and classes of occupations, by states and territories, and also
by detailed occupations.
Tariff of 1883 (14 pages).—A copy of the principal schedules of the tariff act of 1883,
affecting the following industries, viz: Earthenware and glassware, metals, cotton
and cotton goods, hemp, jute, and flax goods, wool and woollens, silk and silk goods.
Labor troubles in Pennsylvania, 1882 (49 pages).—Under this heading are given a brief
sketch of the principal strikes and lockouts which occurred in the state during the
year 1882, with a tabular statement giving the number of persons engaged in strikes
and their estimated loss in wages; and a table showing the average selling price of
bar iron each year, from 1844 to 1882, and the price paid for boiling at Pittsburgh
from the introduction of that method of making iron in 1837 down to 1882.
Mining laws of Great Britain (39 pages).-Copies of laws relating to the regulation of
coal mines and certain other mines in Great Britain.
Reports of inspectors of mines (163 pages).-Separate reports of district inspectors of
bituminous coal mines, contain textual accounts of mines visited, of mine improve-
ments, etc., with illustrations of mines, apparatus, etc., and statistical tables present
lists of all the collieries, by name, location, and name of superintendent, with post
office address; the number of employés, the power used, and the annual product of
each mine; general statistics of ventilation for each month during the year 1882;
and lists of accidents, with their nature and cause, giving the name, age, and con-
jugal condition of each person injured.
ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1882-'83.-[370 PAGES.]
Report of bureau (11 pages). This includes a statement of the duties pertaining
to the bureau, the methods employed in conducting its investigation, with suggestions
for promoting its efficiency, and brief remarks on imported contract labor, convict
contract labor, employer's liability, and the convention of commissioners of labor
statistics, September 25, 1883.
Coal and coke (2 pages).-This gives the number of collieries in the anthracite
and bituminous coal fields of the state, showing number of persons employed, coal
produced, amount paid for wages, etc.
The production of iron and steel in Pennsylvania (10 pages). This heading embraces
a statistical report by James M. Swank relating to the iron and steel industry of
the state, giving in a series of short tables the production of all kinds of pig iron, of
iron and steel rails, and of all forms of rolled iron in the United States and, sepa-
rately, in Pennsylvania and in Allegheny county for 1883, and for immediately preced-
ing years.
Coal and coke, iron ore, iron founderies, glass, lumber, tanneries, breweries and distilleries,
and miscellaneous manufactures (39 pages).--These headings embrace statistical tables
based on returns from manufacturers, giving, separately, for each industry and sub-
division of industries, by counties, the number of establishments, number of em-
ployés, the total amount paid in wages, the number of days in operation, and the
amount of product in 1883, etc.
Petroleum (11 pages).-Contains statistical tables giving for each establishment
making returns the number of wells operated, the average cost of drilling a well, of
204
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
producing and piping one barrel, the average selling price of oil in 1883, the average
wages of employés, the number employed, etc.; for refiners, by establishments, the
number of employés, the amount paid in wages, the cost of producing one barrel of
refined oil, etc., and the amount of product in 1883; a statement of the United Pipe
Lines showing, by months, each year, from 1877 to 1884, their stocks, receipts, deliv-
eries, etc.; the yearly production of the several oil districts of Pennsylvania and New
York, by years, from 1859 to 1883, and the total production and exportation of oil of
the United States, each year, from 1864 to 1883.
Textile industries (14 pages).-This embraces an article on the textile interests of
Philadelphia, by T. C. Search, and a table giving, by counties and kinds of goods
manufactured, the number of establishments, spindles and looms, the number of
days in operation, the number of employés, and the amount of product for the
year 1883.
Flour milling industry (11 pages).-A textual article, with illustrations of machinery
and buildings, by Thomas McFeely; and a table giving, by counties, the number of
flour and grist mills in the state, the number of employés, the total amount paid in
wages, the product, the kind of power used, etc.
Slate industry (7 pages).-This topic includes a report on the slate mining and manu-
facturing industry, and a table giving, by counties, the number of establishments en-
gaged in this industry, the amount paid in wages, the number of employés, time in
operation, and the product for the year 1883.
Street railways (1 page).-A table giving, by cities, the number of lines operated, the
number of hours operated each day, number of employés, and total amount paid in
wages during the year.
Employés (3 pages).-An exhibit of the number of employés engaged in the various
industries in the state, compiled from returns made to the bureau for the year 1883.
Employés' wages (8 pages).-Statistical tables giving average wages in various occu-
pations and industries, by years, from 1875 to 1883.
Testimony of employés (27 pages).-Statistical tables giving returns from employés,
showing, the occupation of each, his hours of labor, the number of days lost, how
often wages are paid, the condition of his home and surroundings, and the average
monthly rent; with textual extracts from these returns.
Labor troubles in Pennsylvania during 1883 (21 pages).-This is a textual consideration
of labor troubles in the state during the year, with a copy of a scale of wages and
prices adopted by the National Window Glass Association, July 14, 1881.
Temporary methods of treating injured persons (3 pages).-Textual directions, with
illustrations showing the temporary method of application of bandages until medi-
cal aid can be procured.
Mine inspectors' reports (153 pages).-Separate reports of district inspectors of bitu-
minous coal mines give textual accounts of mines visited, of mine improvements,
etc., with illustrations of nines, apparatus, etc.; and statistical tables presentlists
of all the collieries, by name, location, name of superintendent, and his post office
address; the number of employés, the power used, and the annual product; general
statistics of ventilation; and a list of mining casualties occurring during the year,
with a description of the nature and the cause of the accidents.
Conspiracy laws (5 pages). This heading embraces a brief account of the trial of
journeymen boot and shoe makers in Philadelphia, in 1806, on an indictment for con-
spiracy to raise their wages; and copies of the acts passed by the legislature relative
to combinations of workingmen to secure higher wages.
Labor laws (29 pages).-Under this head are given copies of laws of the state passed
by the legislature in 1883 relating to conspiracy; providing for licensing employ-
ment offices; for arbitration of labor disputes; for evening schools; prohibiting
the convict contract system; requiring prison-made goods to-be stamped; prevent-
ing exemption on judgments for wages for manual labor; regulating the methods of
measuring coal at mines; securing wages in cases of insolvency; providing for the
health and safety of employés in coal mines; and for ambulances at mines, etc.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—PENNSYLVANIA. 205
TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1884.-[442 PAGES.]
Report of bureau (8 pages).--This includes a statement regarding the duties of
the bureau and the methods employed in conducting its investigations, with brief
remarks on the labor problem; the enforcement of legislation passed for the protec-
tion of wageworkers; the decennial census; industrial schools; and the second an-
nual convention of the chiefs of the state labor statistical bureaus, June 9, 1884.
Wages in Great Britain and Pennsylvania (45 pages).—This subject embraces a series
of statistical tables, with textual comments, derived from data collected by the bureau
and from the works of Mulhall, Walker, Young, the census of 1880, and from consular
reports. The information therein presented is as follows: Wages in the coal mines,
rolling mills, bloomaries and forges, and iron ore mines in Pennsylvania, based on
full working time and on actual time employed; wages in coal mines in England;
wages in rolling mills in England and in Pennsylvania; wages in rolling mills
in Pennsylvania for three counties separately; wages in the rolling mills in Penn-
sylvania each year, from 1873 to 1883; wages in blast furnaces in Pennsylvania;
wages in the Bessemer and crucible steel works in Pennsylvania, each year, from 1880
to 1883; wages in textile establishments in England and Pennsylvania; wages of rail-
road employés in England; wages of railroad employés in Pennsylvania, each year,
from 1875 to 1884; wages of glassworkers in France, Rheims, department of Gironde,
Belgium, Brussels, England, Prussia, Silesia, Stuttgart, and in Pennsylvania, each
year, from 1879 to 1884; wages in general trades in England and in Pennsylvania; a
summary of wages in the several industries in Pennsylvania; the retail prices of
necessaries of life in England and Pennsylvania; Franklin's table of food required to
lift a male adult (10 stone) 10,000 feet, and the foot-tons of energy per ounce of vari-
ous foods. In the tables relating to wages the facts are shown, by occupations. The
text gives an abstract of English factory laws, and a general consideration of the
condition of labor in England and Pennsylvania.
Testimony of employés (17 pages).-Textual extracts from returns of employés, and
tables giving, by individuals, the occupation, wages, cost of living in detail, etc.
Immigrant labor (9 pages).-This is a textual article on the importation of contract
and other laborers from European countries, particularly from Italy, Poland, and
Hungary, and the effect of their colonization on the working classes, with pertinent
remarks on the subject.
The manufacture of steel in Pennsylvania (7 pages).-A textual historical sketch by
James M. Swank; and tables, giving by years, from 1874 to 1884, the production of
all kinds of steel in various states and in the United States, and the total production
of 1883 and 1884 compared, by articles.
-
Labor troubles in Pennsylvania (10 pages). This is a textual account of the labor
troubles in the coal regions during the year, including a copy of the scale of prices
as fixed by Joseph D. Weeks, arbitrator of the railroad coal tribunal of the fifth
judicial district, February 11, 1885.
Miscellaneous industries (66 pages).-This heading embraces a review of the textile
industries for 1884 by Charles Heber Clark, and a series of statistical tables based
on returns from manufacturers engaged in the following industries: Coal, iron
and its products, textile fabrics, printing and publishing, glass, flour and grist mills,
lumber and its products, tanneries, morocco and other leather, clay and its prod-
ucts, slate, breweries, distilled liquors, and miscellaneous manufactures, giving,
separately for each industry and subdivision of industries, by counties, the number
of establishments, the number of employés, the total amount paid in wages, the
number of days in operation, and amount of product, etc., in 1884. For textile fab-
rics the number of spindles and looms is given, also an account of the establishment
textile schools; and in iron ore analyses of ores are given.
Petroleum refiners (7 pages).-Statistical tables show, by establishments in each
county, their capacity, the amount paid in wages, product, cost of producing one
206
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
barrel of refined oil, etc., the quantities and values of petroleum exported for the
period 1876 to 1884, by ports; the amount of petroleum produced and exported,
by years, from 1864 to 1884; the number of producing wells, new wells, and wells
drilling at the end of each month, for each year, from 1874 to 1885, and a report of
receipts and deliveries of oil by pipe line companies for January, 1885.
Street railways (3 pages).—Statistical tables giving, by cities, the number of street
railway employés of each class, their hours of labor, and average daily wages; also
the number of lines operated in each city, the average number of hours per day run,
the number of persons employed, and the total amount paid in wages.
Pullman, Illinois (24 pages).—A joint report by the chiefs and commissioners of the
various bureaus of labor of an investigation of the economic experiment conducted
by the Pullman Palace Car Company, at Pullman, Illinois. The sketch includes its
history, methods of construction, illustrations of buildings and grounds, tables
giving its growth in population, and death rate, by causes, and a brief discussion
of wages, cost of living, health, etc.
Reports of inspectors of mines (239 pages).-Separate reports of district inspectors
of bituminous coal mines give textual accounts of mines visited, of mine improve-
ments, etc., with illustrations of mines, apparatus used, etc.; and statistical tables
present lists of all the collieries, by name, location, name of superintendent, and his
post office address; the number of employés, the power employed and the annual
product of each mine; general statistics of ventilation for each month; and lists of
mining casualties occurring during the year with their nature and cause, giving the
name, age, and conjugal condition of each person injured.
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1885.-[780 PAGES.]
Report of bureau (16 pages).—A general survey of the condition of labor and in-
dustry in the state. Short tables give the number of employés, the nature of their
employment, the number of factories, quarries, etc., in Massachusetts, New Jersey,
and Pennsylvania; the area and population of counties in the coal and petroleum
regions of the state, and of those east of the Susquehanna river.
The manual training and technical schools of Philadelphia (16 pages).—A textual article
by Prof. E. J. James, of the university of Pennsylvania.
Review of the textile industries for 1885 (19 pages).-Under this heading are pre-
sented a textual consideration of the condition of trade and labor in the textile in-
dustries, by Charles Heber Clark; short tables showing for each kind of product, by
counties, for 1885, the number of establishments, the average number of days in
operation, the number of employés, number of spindles and looms, the amount paid
in wages, and the value of product; and a table giving, by industries, the umber of
employés, their average wages and number of days employed during the year.
The glass sand industry of the Juniata valley (8 pages). This is a historical and de-
scriptive sketch, with several illustrations, of the glass sand industry of the Juni-
ata valley, by Walter C. Africa, with a table giving a list of firms engaged in this
industry, the number of their employés, the average wages paid, and the amount of
sand shipped by each, in 1885.
Cylinder or window glass (15 pages).-A textual and statistical description of the his-
tory of cylinder and flint glass manufacture in the state by D. Ihmsen, presents an
account of the methods of manufacture, a list of firms engaged in this industry and
their capacity, analyses of the cost of production for various kinds of products, and
a list of average wages paid, by occupations. Tables also give, by counties, the num-
ber of establishments, the number of days in operation, the number of employés,
the value of product, etc., for the year 1885.
Miscellaneous industries (55 pages). This heading embraces statistical tables based
on returns from manufacturers engaged in the following industries, viz: Iron and
its products, oil refining, lumber and its products, paper and its products, leather
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA. 207
and its products, clay and its products, breweries, distilled liquors, and miscellane-
ous manufactures, giving, separately for each industry and subdivision of industries,
by counties, the number of establishments, number of employés, the total amount
paid in wages, the number of days in operation, value of products, etc., with a re-
capitulation presenting the same facts, by industries. A short table also gives, by
counties, the number of publications, their frequency of issue, circulation, and amount
paid in wages.
Street passenger railways (6 pages).-Statistical tables giving, by cities, the number
of employés of each class, their daily wages and hours of labor; also the number of
lines operated in each city, the total number of employés on each line, and the total
amount paid in wages, etc.
Steam railway labor (2 pages).—A statistical table gives the number of railway em-
ployés of the state, by occupations, and their average monthly wages.
Testimony of employés (65 pages).-Testimony of employés concerning their condition
is here presented, together with a number of short tables giving the cost and the
average monthly consumption of articles in their families.
Reports of inspectors of mines (569 pages).-Separate reports of district inspectors of
coal mines give textual accounts of mines visited, of mine improvements, etc., with
illustrations of mines, apparatus used, etc., and statistical tables present lists of all
the collieries, by name, location, name of superintendent, and his post office address;
the number of employés, the power used and the annual product of each mine; gen-
cralstatistics of ventilation; lists of mining casualties occurring during the year, with
a description of the nature and cause of accidents; `and the number of coal mines and
coke ovens in operation in the state, by counties, the number of days operated, the
average number of persons employed, the amount paid in wages, and the annual
production of coal and coke, for the year 1885.
FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1886.-[494 PAGES.]
Report of bereau (14 pages).—A textual consideration of the condition of labor in
the state, including brief remarks on corporations, capital es. labor, the status of
wageworkers, labor laws, blacklisting, monthly payments, wageworkers and in-
temperance, workingwomen in factories, and the labor problem.
Homes for working people (21 pages).-A textual consideration, with illustrations, of
houses for working people in various localities of the state, and estimates of the cost of
dwellings, with illustrations showing cheap designs for workingmen's homes.
Employment of children (15 pages).-A textual consideration of child labor in the
state, with several extracts from acts passed by the state legislature relative to the
subject, and tables showing the number of children, by ages, killed or injured in
the coal industry of the state in 1885, with the cause or nature of each accident; and
the percentage of children, of both sexes, between the ages of ten and fifteen years, to
the total number of persons employed in all industries and in each of the four grand
divisions of industrial pursuits, in thirteen different states.
School education vs. convicts (5 pages).-This consists of a textual and statistical con-
sideration of the education of convicts. Tables give for 1876 and 1886 the number
of schools, the number of teachers (male and female) and their salaries, the num-
ber of pupils enrolled and in attendance; and the educational acquirements of in-
mates (adults and minors) of the Pennsylvania penitentiaries, by counties.
The iron industries of Pennsylvania, 1886 (3 pages).-This topic comprises two tables,
with textual comments, compiled from reports of James M. Swank, giving, by dis-
tricts, the number of blast furnaces in the state and the quantity of the annual prod-
uct in 1886; and the total production of iron and steel in the United States, each
year, from 1875 to 1886, by kinds of products.
Reports of inspectors of mines (429 pages).-Separate reports of district inspectors of
208
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
coal mines give textual accounts of mine improvements, accidents, etc., with illus-
trations of mines, mine apparatus, etc.; and statistical tables present lists of all
collieries, by name, location, name of superintendent, with post office address, the
number of employés in each, by occupations, the number of days in operation, the
number of accidents, the power used, and the annual product and shipment of each
mine during the year 1886; lists of accidents, with their nature and causes, giving the
name, occupation, and age of each person killed or injured; and a tabular statement,
showing the yearly production of each company in the fourth anthracite district,
for each year, from 1881 to 1886, the number of lives lost, and the average amount
of coal produced by each company per life lost.
FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.—[581 PAGES. ]
The alleviation of distress among workingmen (46 pages).-This subject embraces a
textual consideration of the methods and extent of relieving distress among work-
ingmen by their employers; copies of the constitutions of benefit associations con-
nected with a number of firms in the state, and extracts from the statements of
others as to the policy pursued by them.
Statistics of wages and earnings (53 pages).—These consist of tabular statements com-
piled from returns received from iron and steel working establishments, and from
manufacturers of textile fabrics and carpets, giving, by establishments and occupa-
tions, the number of employés, the number of days employed during the year, their
wages by the day and earnings for the year, and, in the case of one iron and steel
works, the percentage of employés receiving certain daily wages, arranged accord-
ing to classified groups of earnings.
Statistics relating to the time of employment (27 pages).—Statistical tables giving,
by industries and establishments, the number of days each establishment was in
operation during the year and the number of days it was idle from various causes;
and a table compiled from returns received from employers, showing, as far as ob-
tained, the number of persons employed in various industries in the state and their
total earnings, classified according to employés receiving a man's full wages and
those receiving less than a mau's full wages.
The Cambria Iron Company (19 pages).--In accordance with a plan adopted by the
bureau of devoting a part of each report to a detailed account of one or two leading
industries of the state, a historical and descriptive acconut of the Cambria Iron
Company's shops is here given, with several illustrations of the works, laborers'
homes, hospital wards, library, etc., with description of each; and a table showing
the extent of operations of the mutual benefit association connected with the estab-
lishment.
The Keystone Saw, Tool, Steel and File Works (15 pages).-Following the plan above,
there is given a historical and descriptive account of the establishment of Henry
Disston and Sons, containing an account of the works, of the condition of the la-
borers, etc., with numerous illustrations and short tables showing wages paid, by
occupations, for the years 1872, 1877, 1882, and 1887; the prices of saws for the years
1870, 1875, 1880, 1885, and 1888; the rents of houses owned by the company; a balance
sheet of the building association of the place; the number of employés and length of
service with Disston; the amount of assistance rendered workingmen, by items, each
year, from 1878 to 1887; the amount paid by the employés' association each year,
from 1877 to 1887; and the number of books in the library, classified by subjects.
The employment of labor in the Connellsville coke region (18 pages).-A textual histori-
cal and descriptive account of the condition of labor in the Connellsville coke region
and of the labor troubles occurring there. A short table gives the changes in the
price of mining coal and of drawing coke for the years 1877, 1879, 1880, and 1884.
Statistics of strikes (31 pages).-Statistical tables from the Third Annual Report
of the United States Bureau of Labor on Strikes and Lockouts, 1887, giving a list of
strikes in Pennsylvania, by years, from 1881 to 1886, and by industries, showing for
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIAPENNSYLVANIA. .
209
each its locality, cause, date, duration, result, whether ordered by labor organiza-
tions or not, the losses to employers and employés, etc., with a recapitulation, by in-
dustries, for all years.
The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (27 pages).-A textual sketch
of the history of the association, with reference to the rise and progress of method-
ical conciliation, and the sliding scale of wages and their results in combination with
organization, by Charles G. Foster, with copies of memoranda of agreements made
between boilers and iron manufacturers, Pittsburgh, February 13, 1865, and between
the association of manufacturers of iron, steel, and nails and the National Amalga-
mated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, June 30, 1887.
History of the Knights of Labor organization in Pennsylvania (17 pages.)-A textual
sketch of the order, by John L. Butler, including a copy of the preamble and declar-
ation of its principles.
The condition of wage-earners (28 pages).-A partly tabular and partly textual
statement of the returns of wage-earners is here presented, giving in the text gen-
eral remarks concerning labor organizations and other matters pertaining to their
employment, and in the tables, for individuals, the occupation, residence, nativ-
ity, hours of labor, wages, length of time unemployed, time lost through sickness,
the total earnings of the family, and itemized accounts of expenditures during the
year, etc.
Reports of inspectors of mines (277 pages).-Separate reports of the 15 inspectors of
coal mines give textual accounts of mine improvements, etc., and statistical tables
present lists of all the collieries by name, location, and names of superintendents
with their post office addresses, the production of coal and coke in each, the number
of days worked, the number of employés, by occupations, the number of accidents,
and the number of engines in use; lists of accidents, giving the name, occupation, and
age of each person killed or injured, with the nature and cause of the accidents, and a
tabular statement showing the yearly production of each company in the fourth
anthracite district for each year, from 1881 to 1887, the number of lives lost, and
the average amount of coal produced by each company per life lost.
SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.—[476 PAGES.]
The history and statistics of building and loan associations (124 pages).—This comprises
a comprehensive textual and statistical consideration of building associations. The
text, eighty pages in length, includes a history of building associations in England,
in China, and in the state, accounts of building associations in other states, and a
copy of the Pennsylvania law relating to such associations. A detailed description
is given of the different kinds of organizations, their methods of operation, with
specimens of constitutions, and balance sheets showing the condition of their
financial affairs at the end of each month and at the end of each year, and a de-
scription of the different rules and methods of dividing gains. Tables give the num-
ber, assets, etc., of building associations in the state; and detailed statements of
337 building associations investigated show for each its character (serial or termi-
nating), its age, number of shares, amount of expenditures, its assets, how invested,
etc.
Miners' earnings (140 pages.)-Statistical tables, based on returns from operators of
seventy-one bituminous and forty-five anthracite collieries, give for each mine sepa-
rately, for the year and also for each month, the earnings and the number of days
employed of twenty selected miners, classified according to highest and lowest in-
dividual earnings; and the individual and average earnings and the number of days
worked of all miners in two anthracite collieries, each month during the year end-
ing August 31, 1888, with monthly summaries showing averages of all.
General wage statistics (107 pages).-Statistical tables compiled from employers' re-
turns give separately for each industry, by establishments and occupations, the
13400 -14
1
210
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
daily wages of employés, and in most cases also the number of days each establish-
ment was in operation.
Coke, iron ore, and coal production for 1888 (2 pages).-Under this topic tables present,
by counties, the total production of coke, the total production of iron ore, by mines,
and the number of days each mine was in operation; and, by counties, the total pro-
duction of coal and the number of men employed.
Worsted yarn manufacturing in Pennsylvania (15 pages).—In accordance with a plan
adopted by the bureau of devoting a part of each report to a detailed account of one
or two leading industries of the state, a textual description is here given, with
numerous full-page illustrations, of the worsted yarn industry as carried on by
Erben, Search & Co., Philadelphia.
School of industrial art (11 pages).-A textual account, with numerous full-page
illustrations, of a school for instruction in the application of art to the textile in-
dustries, established as a department of the Pennsylvania Museum and School oi
Industrial Art in Philadelphia.
Organizations of glassworkers (37 pages).-In pursuance of the plan adopted by the
bureau of giving an account of the principal labor organizations of the state, a text-
ual account of the organization of the glassworkers of the state is here given.
American and foreign labor organizations compared (26 pages).—A comparison of Amer-
ican and foreign labor organizations, based on a study of labor organizations made
by the chief of the bureau during a European visit, includes short tables giving a
list of cooperative societies in Pennsylvania, with the date of incorporation, place
of business, and amount of capital stock of each company; a table showing the
amounts expended on their various benefits by each of 26 of the principal trades
unions in Great Britain during a stated number of years, and for 1887 separately; also
the number of their members in December, 1887; and copies of a series of recom-
mendatious embraced in a recent report on trades unions by a committee appointed
by the Belgian government to investigate this subject.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[534 PAGES.]
Farming and farm values (263 pages).-This subject embraces a textual and statistical
inquiry concerning the causes and extent of the depression in the farming industry
of the state, of the condition of farmers, etc. The text, 205 pages in length, gives,
by counties, replies from farmers to inquiries by means of circulars issued by the
bureau concerning farm values, wages paid, etc. The tables give the number and
acreage of farms in various counties, by townships, the prices of agricultural imple-
ments, each year, from 1870 to 1889; the prices of farm products in different localities
of the state, each year, from 1876 to 1889; the rates of transportation on farm products
from various points to Philadelphia, each year, from 1880 to 1890, etc.
Miners' earnings (66 pages).-Statistical tables giving, by collieries, the number of
days in operation of anthracite coal mines in 1879, and each year, from 1885 to 1889,
and of bituminous mines, each year, from 1884 to 1889; the yearly earnings and the
number of days worked by each miner in eighteen anthracite and eight bituminous
coal mines; and the average daily earnings of each miner, classified according to
amounts earned.
Building and loan associations (76 pages).-Under this heading are given textual ex-
tracts from the reports of secretaries of building associations in various parts of the
state, showing the benefits of their associations to the workingman; and statistical
tables giving for each of 538 associations, by name and location, its age, number of
shares, receipts and expenditures, assets and liabilities, etc. Summaries give the
averages for all the associations.
The carpet industry (52 pages).-This is a textual historical sketch of the growth of
the carpet industry of the state, by J. R. Kendrick, including a description of the
methods of manufacturing the various kinds of carpets, and contains full-page
illustrations of the interior of various mills, and a number of short illustrative
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-PENNSYLVANIA.
211
tables. These tables give the number of carpet factories in Philadelphia, their
product, etc., in 1834; the number of looms, number of operators, the product of the
mills, etc., in Philadelphia in 1857; the number of carpet factories in the United
States in 1860, by states; the number of establishments, the value of their product,
etc., for the United States, for the years 1860, 1870, and 1880; a scale of wages agreed
upon by the manufacturers and weavers in Philadelphia, November 15, 1881; the
output of carpets, the number of hands employed, wages paid, material used,
amount of product, etc., for 1870 and 1880, in the United States and in Pennsylvania;
the number of carpet factories in the United States in 1880, by states, and the num-
ber in Philadelphia for the same year; the number of establishments, number of looms,
and the yearly product of Philadelphia carpet factories in 1881; the number of estab-
lishments, number of employés, etc., in the United States, for the years 1850, 1860,
1870, and 1880; the present duties on imported carpets; the selling prices of carpets,
each year, from 1862 to 1890; the average weekly wages of employés in an ingrain
mill, from 1810 to 1890, by decades; the earnings of employés in a mixed mill in
Philadelphia, for the years 1870, 1880, and 1890; an analysis of the cost of produc-
tion in a mill of seventy-five power looms in 1888; a comparison of wages of hand
and power loom weavers; the number of establishments in the United States using
power, by states; the number of power looms for making various kinds of carpets
in the United States, for the years 1886, 1888, 1889, and 1890; the estimated present
output and value of products of carpet mills in the United States, by states and also
by kinds of carpets, and the approximate output of Philadelphia.
Workingmen's replies (66 pages).—Under this topic are given replies from working-
men representing forty different occupations to questions concerning the employ-
ment of labor, especially with reference to the employment of child labor in factories
or mills, with its effects and consequences, the regulation of hours of labor, legisla-
tion for the improvement and benefit of the working classes, the apprentice system,
and regulations for the prosperity of both employés and employers.
EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[346 PAGES.]
Changes in farm values (93 pages).—This is a textual and statistical consideration of
various causes which have affected the value of farm lands in the state, and is a
continuation of the investigation of the same subject conducted by the bureau the
preceding year. The text discusses the advantages of the interchange of products,
prices paid for transportation, the profits of packing houses, the farmer's cost of
living, giving prices of articles, the settlement of western lands, the competition in
wheat growing with Russia and India, local markets, and several modes of relief.
Numerous tables, illustrative of the text, give the prices paid for agricultural imple-
ments, each year, from 1870 to 1890; the average prices of wheat and of other farm
products at Philadelphia, the cost of transportation from various points thereto, and
the percentage of selling price paid for transportation, each year, from 1880 to 1890;
the tonnage, mileage, earnings, expenses, and averages on freight business on all rail-
roads east of Pittsburgh and Erie operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company,
each year, from 1864 to 1890; the profits of packing houses; the prices of various arti-
cles of commodities, each year, from 1880 to 1890, at country stores in Chester county
and in central Pennsylvania; the retail prices of wheat, corn, and oats at West Ches-
ter, Pennsylvania, each year, from 1880 to 1890; the increase or decrease in popula-
tion and production from 1860 to 1890; the exports from the United States of wheat
and flour from 1861 to 1891; the imports of silver into India, by years, from 1874 to
1890, and the quantities, values, and average export values of wheat exported from
India since May 1, 1862; a comparative statement of wheat exports from Russia, India,
and the United States from 1852 to 1890; and the number and acreage of farms occupied
by land owners and tenants in fourteen different counties of the state.
Statistics of strikes and lockouts (13 pages).-This part of the report treats of the strikes
and lockouts which occurred in the state, each year, from 1887 to 1890. A general
212
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
,
table gives, by industries and years, the cause or object of each strike or lockout,
whether ordered by a labor organization; the number of establishments affected and
days closed; the number of persons engaged and involved; the dates of beginning
and ending; the duration; whether or not it succeeded; and the losses both to
employés and to employers.
Sugar refining in Pennsylvania (18 pages).-Under this heading are given a brief
history of the sugar refining industry in the state, a description of the process of
refining sugar as carried on at the Franklin sugar refinery in Philadelphia, and a
full description, with numerous illustrations, of the buildings in which the work of
refining is conducted.
Railroad relief associations (72 pages). This chapter is devoted to a consideration of
the aims, objects, and leading features of associations organized for the benefit and
relief of railroad employés. It includes the rules and regulations governing the
associations of the Pennsylvania, the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Philadelphia and
Reading railroad companies, the plan of the relief fund of the Lehigh Valley Railroad
Company, and the constitution of the Cumberland Valley Railroad Relief Associa-
tion. Several tables, interspersed throughout the text, show for the Pennsylvania.
Railroad Association the number of deaths, disabilities, and payments from 1886 to
1890; for the Pennsylvania lines west of Pittsburgh, the membership, receipts, dis-
bursements, and balances of the relief funds, December 31, 1890; for the Baltimore
and Ohio railroad the per diem pension allowance to members of the relief associa-
tion, and the benefits paid by the association from May 1, 1880, to September 30,
1890; and for the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, the operation and financial
condition of the association for the fiscal year ending November 30, 1890, and a
statistical statement of the beneficial fund of the miners and laborers of the Phila-
delphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company.
The
Reports of the factory inspectors (138 pages).-Under the above heading are given
copies of the correspondence between the factory inspectors, the attorney general,
and the chief of the bureau, concerning the publication of the report of the factory
inspector; a brief summary of the work done by the office from its organization to
November 30, 1890, the act regulating the employment and providing for the safety
of women and children in mercantile and manufacturing establishments, and pro-
viding for the appointment of inspectors to enforce the same; and complete reports
of the deputy inspectors, comprising statistics of factories and accidents.
statistics of accidents give the name of each person injured, his age, residence, and
name of employer, the date of his injury, cause and extent of accident, and the
place to which he was sent. The statistics of factories give the name of each fac-
tory or workshop inspected, the goods manufactured, the number of persons em-
ployed (males, females, children under 12 and from 12 to 16 years of age), the sanitary
condition, date of inspection, the orders given by the inspectors, and the extent to
which the orders were complied with.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.—[504 PAGES.]
The liability of employers to their employés (173 pages).-This is a textual considera-
tion of the subject, and is divided into three parts. Part I reviews the attempts
made by the legislature of the state to extend and define more clearly the duties of
employers; the difficulty in legislating on the subject; the first legal controversy on
the subject in England, giving also the reasoning on which the decision of the court
was founded; the first case in the United States, with an abstract of the decision
rendered by the supreme court of South Carolina; the first case that came before the
highest court in Massachusetts; the first case in the supreme court of Pennsylvania;
earlier decisions in lower courts; the cases in which the courts have held the em-
ployer not responsible to an employé for injuries sustained by the negligence of a
fellow employé; the decisions relating to unsuitable servants; and the cases in which
employers were held responsible. Part II reviews the legislation on the subject in
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-RHODE ISLAND. 213
the states of Alabama, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi,
Montana, Rhode Island, Texas, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Part III treats of the
legislation in foreign states. Abstracts are given of the law of Great Britain; of
Germany; of Switzerland; and of other European countries.
Commerce, navigation, and shipbuilding on the Delaware river (149 pages).—This is a
historical and statistical account of the commerce, navigation, and shipbuilding on
the Delaware river from the colonial period to the present time. There are tables
showing for the year 1769 the value of the exports from Philadelphia to the West
Indies, to the south of Europe, and to Great Britaiff and Ireland, and the value of
the imports from the same countries; the quantities of certain exports from Phila-
delphia in certain years from 1729 to 1773; the value of exports from Pennsylvania
to Great Britain and imports from Great Britain to Pennsylvania each year from 1697
to 1776; the number and tonnage of vessels leaving and arriving at the port of Phila-
delphia for certain years, from 1719 to 1775, and yearly from 1784 to 1891; the annual
shipments of refined oil from Philadelphia, from 1861 to 1891; and the value of exports
of domestic and foreign productions and of imports at the customs district of Phila-
delphia, by years, from 1791 to 1891. Other tables show the growth and magnitude
of the coastwise commerce, and of steam navigation. These tables are followed by
a description of the process of steel shipbuilding, with a number of full-page en-
gravings illustrative of the text. The mode of making and executing government
contracts is also given. The chapter closes with a table covering 38 pages, which
gives the domestic and foreign exportations of commodities for various years from
1784 to 1890, inclusive.
Strikes and lockouts (24 pages).-Under this heading are given the strikes and lock-
outs that occurred in the state during the year 1891. A general table shows, by in-
dustries and localities, the cause or object of each strike or lockout, whether ordered
by a labor organization, the number of days each establishment was closed, the
number of persons engaged and involved, the dates of beginning and ending, the
duration, whether or not it succeeded, and the losses to both employés and employers.
Report of the factory inspector (148 pages).-This chapter briefly summarizes the work
done by the office from June 1 to November 30, 1891; contains the recommendations
of the factory inspector as to amending certain sections of the factory act, and two
statistical tables. The first of these tables, statistics of accidents, gives the name
and age of each person injured, the name and location of the establishment in which
the accident occurred, the date of accident, and the cause and extent of the injury.
The second, statistics of factories, gives, by localities, the name of each factory or
workshop inspected, the goods manufactured, the number of persons employed
(males, females, children under 12 and from 12 to 16 years of age), the sanitary condi-
tion, date of inspection, the orders given by the inspector and the extent to which
the orders were complied with.
RHODE ISLAND.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.-[107 PAGES.]
Introduction (14 pages).-This contains the text of the law (omitting portions relat-
ing to matters of detail) by which this bureau was established; also a general de-
scription of the industries of the state; and an account of the work of the bureau,
with copies of the blanks used for gathering statisties.
Cotton mills (9 pages).-An account of the condition of the cotton manufacturing
industry in Rhode Island during the past year is here given, with a consideration of
the employment of children, followed by a table of statistics compiled from the re-
turns made by manufacturers. This table shows, for each mill reported, the kind
of goods made; the capital invested; the time in operation; the value of the raw
214
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
material used; the total yearly expenses; the average weekly wages of skilled and
unskilled employés; the number of employés; the weekly wages and annual earn-
ings of men, women, and children; the number of employés owning homes; the
number of accidents; the number of strikes; the value of the product; the gross
profit; and the average earnings per employć. A statement is also made, by occu-
pations, of the wages paid operatives in one of the largest cotton mills of the state.
Woollen and worsted industries (5 pages). The text includes an account of the condi-
tion of these industries in the state during 1887, and an extract from a special report
issued by the chief of the Bureau of Statistics of the United States Treasury De-
partment, showing the necessity of importing foreign wools. The statistics relating
to woollen and worsted mills are presented in a table similar to that used for cotton
mills.
Jewellery manufacturing; founderies and machine shops (7 pages).-Statistical tables, sim-
ilar to those given in the two preceding chapters, are here presented, based on the
returns received from jewellery establishments and from founderies and machine
shops.
General statistics (3 pages).-Under this head brief tables are given showing the
number of employés and the average wages in ten different trades and commercial
pursuits in Rhode Island.
Employés' returns (9 pages).-Copies of the remarks upon subjects relating to
trades unions, the apprentice system, labor laws, the condition of wageworkers
and their families, etc., contained in the returns received from employés are here
presented, without comment.
Statistics of employés (10 pages).-These statistics are presented in tables showing,
for each of 27 employés in the cotton industry, 21 employés in the woollen industry,
and 9 employés in the iron industry, the age, place of birth, nativity of parents,
occupation, hours of work, earnings, days lost, with causes; earnings of others in
family, cost of living, amount paid for rent, size of the family, number of children
attending school, time of payment of wages, increase or reduction in wages during
past year; savings, if any, and the number of families residing in the same house.
Strikes (10 pages).-This chapter contains brief accounts of the strikes which
occurred in Rhode Island during the past year, followed by tables taken from
advance sheets of the Third Annual Report of the United States Bureau of Labor.
These tables show, by industries, for each year, from 1881 to 1886, the locality of
each strike in the state, its cause or object, the number of establishments involved,
the duration, whether successful or not, the losses to employes and to employers, the
number of employés and their average daily wages and weekly working hours before
and after the strike, and the number of new employés after the strike. Recapitula-
tions for all industries for all years are also given.
Weekly payments (4 pages).-Under this head are presented the views and opinions
of the president of the Central Labor Union, and of various representatives of the
cotton and woollen manufacturing interests of the state, regarding the weekly pay-
ment of wages.
Free textbooks (17 pages).-This is a consideration of the subject of supplying the
public school children of the state with free textbooks. It includes tables showing
for each of the New England states the population in 1880, and the percentages of
illiterates and of foreign born illiterates; also the illiteracy and school attendance
in each of the cities and towns of Rhode Island in the census year 1885; and a com-
parative table for the state of the illiteracy percentages for 1875 and 1885, by parent
nativity. The opinions of the state commissioner of public schools, and of superin-
tendents of schools in various cities of the state, concerning the subject, are presented;
also a table of statistics of the Woonsocket school under the free textbook system,
showing the expense for books, the average attendance, and the cost per pupil, each
year from 1878 to 1887. In conclusion, lists are given of the names of the different
textbooks in use in Rhode Island in 1886, and the number of towns by which each
book has been adopted.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-RHODE ISLAND. 215
Appendix: Laws relating to labor and school attendance (13 pages).-The text of the pub-
lic laws of Rhode Island relating to labor and compulsory school attendance is here
presented. Laws quoted relate to the employment of apprentices and minors; pro-
vide for exemption from execution and attachment; prohibit intimidation of em-
ployés; make ten hours a legal day's work; regulate the hours of labor of women
and children; relate to payment of wages under special contracts; provide for the
education of children; relate to preferred creditors in cases of assignments; secure
wages in cases of insolvency; and establish the bureau of industrial statistics.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.-[224 PAGES.]
Introduction (3 pages).
Employés' returns (53 pages).-The information concerning their general condition
furnished by 600 employés in various parts of the state is here presented in tables
showing for each employé, by occupation, his age and place of birth, the nativity
of his parents, his earnings, the time lost during the year, with the causes, the cost
of living, his home owned or rented, and price paid for rent, the size of his family,
how often paid, his savings or debts, etc. A recapitulation, by occupations, is also.
given, followed by an analysis of the preceding statistics and a table of averages.
Employés' remarks (31 pages).-Under this head are given in full the remarks of
employés accompanying their returns. These remarks exhibit the views and opin-
ions of wage-earners throughout Rhode Island upon various subjects relating to the
labor question.
Labor organizations (12 pages).-This chapter contains descriptions of the various
labor organizations in Rhode Island, most of them being furnished by members of
the respective organizations.
Strikes (7 pages).-Accounts are here given of the principal strikes which occurred
in the state during 1888.
Employers' returns (15 pages).—Returns were received during the year from employers
in nearly every important industry of the state except agriculture. Textual accounts
of the general condition of the industries represented are given, followed by statis-
tical tables based on the returns, showing, by industries and by subdivisions of
trade, the number of returns received, the capital invested, the average time in
operation during the year ending June 30, 1888; the value of raw material used, the
number of employés, the wages paid, the number of accidents, the value of the prod-
ucts, and the average annual earnings, by roads, for steam and horse railroads,
the capital stock, the number of employés, and the total wages paid; also the general
condition of the menhaden fisheries, of coal mines, and of the oleomargarine industry.
One table compiled from the returns and from information obtained from different
sections of the state gives the average rates of wages per week for all the occupa-
tions covered by this report; and in conclusion a statement is given of the average
weekly and yearly wages of children in twelve industries of the state.
Child labor and school attendance (9 pages).—This is a textual and statistical consid-
eration of the employment of children and their attendance at school. Two tables
are presented, the first, compiled from the census returns of 1885, showing, by classes,
the occupations of children, parent nativity, and age periods; and the second,
based on an investigation made by the bureau, giving, by cities and towns, the sta-
tistics of school attendance and truancy.
Moral condition of factory help (12 pages).—This is a textual consideration of the moral
condition of factory help, consisting for the most part of copies of letters written in
1837 concerning the moral condition of Rhode Island factory towns at that time.
Conclusion (2 pages).—In conclusion the commissioner offers suggestions to the gen-
eral assembly of the state relative to factory inspection, the weekly payment of
wages, and the justice of making laborers preferred creditors.
Appendix (71 pages).-This cousists of four parts. The first contains copies of the
employers' and employés blauks used by the bureau in gathering statistical infor-
216
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
mation; the second presents transcripts of various papers read by Edward Atkin-
son, James H. Smart, LL.D., T. V. Powderly, and Prof. Arthur Woodford at the
convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor, held at Indianapolis in 1888; a list of the
bureaus represented by the convention is also given; the third contains copies of
the laws of Massachusetts and Connecticut regulating payment of wages under
special contracts; prohibiting intimidation of employés; relating to liability of em-
ployers for injuries to employés; regulating hours of labor of women and children;
prohibiting the employment of children in cleaning dangerous machinery; requir-
ing seats for female employés; relating to the employment of children in mercan-
tile establishments; to minors unable to read and write the English language;
providing for proper meal times for women and children; for the health and
safety of employés in factories; prohibiting the locking of doors during hours of
labor; requiring means of communication between engineers' and machinery rooms,
and accidents in factories to be reported; limiting the age of children in factories,
etc.; providing for proper ventilation of public buildings; requiring fire escapes for
factories, otc.; providing for inspection of buildings alleged to be unsafe; for
safeguards against fire in hotels; and the fourth contains copies of the acts of the
general assembly of Rhode Island relating to the employment of apprentices; to the
care of poor adults; limiting the age of children employed in factories; providing
for exemption from execution and attachment; prohibiting intimidation of em-
ployés; regulating the hours of labor of women and children; providing for pay-
ment of wages under special contracts; relating to payment of forfeiture to em-
ployés discharged without notice; securing wages in cases of insolvency; defining
the duties of the commissioner of industrial statistics; relating to mechanics' liens;
and providing for the education of children.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1889.-[240 PAGES.]
Introduction (23 pages).-This includes a copy of the address of Carroll D.
Wright, Commissioner of the United States Department of Labor, before the Ameri-
can Social Science Association, in 1888, on the Growth and purposes of bureaus of
labor; a general consideration of the results of the investigations of the bureau; an
analysis of the tables embraced in this report; and some recommendations made by
the commissioner to the general assembly.
-
Workingwomen's returns (122 pages). This part of the report contains, in tabular
form, the statistical information obtained, for the most part through personal inter-
views, from over 1,400 working women in the state. Seven tables are presented.
Table I gives for each employé, her occupation, place of birth, the nativity of her
parents, her conjugal condition, hours of work, hours of meal time, earnings and times
of payment of wages in various industries, and general statistics concerning her home,
and place and manner of working. Tables II and III give a recapitulation, by classes
of occupations, and a summary of the preceding table. Table IV shows the total
number reported in each occupation and the actual wages each received; also the
highest and lowest wages received and prices paid for board in each occupation.
Table V shows the number of employés considered, classified by groups, according to
the weekly wages received. Table VI shows the average annual and weekly wages
for each occupation and also for the whole number of employés reported. And table
VII shows, by cities and towns, the number of female teachers in each, their average
wages, and the average length of time their schools are in session.
Workingwomen's remarks (9 pages). The remarks of a number of workingwomen
concerning child labor, labor laws, etc., and in regard to the disadvantages and
inequalities under which women labor, are here presented in the language of the
women themselves.
Statistics relative to women (13 pages).-These statistics are presented in two tables,
the first of which, taken from the Rhode Island state census of 1885, shows the
number of males and of females, with the percentage of each, employed in each
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-RHODE ISLAND. 217
occupation to which women are admitted. The second table gives the number of
commitments of males and of females to the penal institutions of the state, during
each year from 1879 to 1888, with totals and percentages.
Strikes (1 page).—Under this head is given a brief account of each of the ten strikes
which occurred in the state during 1889.
School attendance and absentees (2 pages).-This consists of two tables which present,
by cities and towns, statistics concerning school attendance and absentees in Rhode
Island, the first relating to children 10 and under 15 years of age, and the second
to children 7 and under 10 years of age.
Associations for the benefit of workingwomen (7 pages).-This is a textual description
of the different associations for the benefit of workingwomen in Rhode Island.
Appendix (40 pages). This contains a report of the national convention of the
chiefs of bureaus of statistics of labor, held at Hartford, Connecticut, in 1889, including
reports from each bureau as to the lines of work in which they were engaged; and
also copies of the acts of the Rhode Island general assembly relating to the employ-
ment of apprentices; limiting the age of children employed in factories; regulating
the hours of labor of children employed in factories; providing for exemption from
execution and attachment; prohibiting intimidation of employés; securing wages
in cases of insolvency; regulating the hours of labor of women and children; the
payment of wages under special contracts; relating to payment of forfeitures to em-
ployés discharged without notice; providing for the education of children; relat-
ing to mechanics' liens; requiring fire escapes for factories; and defining the duties
of the commissioner of industrial statistics.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[336 PAGES.]
Introduction (7 pages).—The introductory remarks present an outline of the work
done by the bureau, and arguments in favor of the investigation conducted.
Citizenship (319 pages).-The information under this heading is given in five statis-
tical tables. Table I exhibits, for each city and town in the state, the occupations,
by age periods, of 91,535 men, twenty years of age and upwards, with a reca-
pitulation by cities and towns. Table II is an exhibit of the occupations, by
place of birth and nativity of parents, with a recapitulation by cities and towns.
Table III shows the political condition of the foreign born citizens of the state, and
the occupations in which they are engaged, with a recapitulation by cities and
towns. Table IV is a summary of occupations and totals for each town and city in
the state. Table V contains the total enrollment, the number of qualified voters,
both registry and property, the vote for governor in 1890, the percentage of the
number qualified to the number enrolled, and also the percentage of the number vot-
ing to the number qualified, by towns, cities, and counties.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.-[205 PAGES.]
Introduction (10 pages).-The introductory remarks discuss briefly the subject of
child labor and present a review of the investigation conducted by the bureau dur-
ing the year.
Child labor (188 pages).-This topic forms the subject of the investigation of the
bureau for the year 1891. It embraces the laws of the several states relating to the
employment and compulsory education of children; the opinions and remarks of
superintendents, members of committees, principals and teachers of schools, clergy-
men, and physicians relative to child labor, the influence of such labor upon the
employment and earnings of adults, and the effect of employment upon the health,
morals, and education of children; the law regulating the hours of labor of women
and children employed in factories and shops; and a series of statistical tables rela-
tive to the subject of the investigation. Table I gives the age, occupation, place of
birth, and parent nativity of every child, both male and female, employed in every
ܕ܂
218
.
2
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABORtown and city in the state. Table II is a table of totals, giving the number of
children employed and their various ages, their places of birth, and parent nativity
by towns, cities, counties, and for the state. Table III shows the total number of
children employed, by occupations. Table IV shows the wages of children, highest,
lowest, and average, paid per week, and the number of weeks the establishments
in which children were employed were in operation during the year. Table V gives
the average wages paid per week, by classified industries. Table VI shows the
school attendance and absentees for the year 1890 of children between the ages of
10 to 14 years, inclusive, and table VII gives the same information in regard to
children between the ages of 7 to 9 years, inclusive.
UNITED STATES.
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 1886 [1885]. (INDUSTRIAL DEPRESSIONS.)-[496
PAGES].
Industrial depressions (477 pages).-The report as a whole is a comprehensive his-
torical, textual, and statistical consideration of industrial depressions, both in the
United States and in foreign countries. The depression during the period of 1882 to
1886 in the United States is treated in detail, the various causes alleged and rem-
edies proposed being considered at length. Former depressions in this country and
in foreign countries are treated more briefly. The report also contains appendixes
showing occupations and wages of employés in establishments investigated by the
Bureau, earnings and expenses of wage-receivers in Europe, and a synopsis of labor
legislation in the United States.
Introduction (3 pages).-A general consideration of the purposes of the investigation.
Modern industrial depressions, 1837 to 1886 (50 pages).
Great Britain, 1837 to 1886 (19 pages). This includes a textual consideration and
illustrative tables of the industrial depressions occurring in Great Britain in the
years 1837, 1847, 1857, 1866, 1873, and 1884. The text treats of the causes, extent, and
results of each depression and contains frequent mention of prices, amonut of pro-
duction of commodities, etc., which are not embraced in the tables. The tables
give for the United Kingdom the number of miles of railroad opened each year,
from 1813 to 1852; and the number of miles of railroad in England and Wales, Scot-
land, and Ireland in 1884; the number of depositors and amount of deposits in savings
banks under trustees, each year, from 1846 to 1884; and in post office savings banks,
from 1862 to 1884; the average price of wheat, each year, from 1846 to 1850, and from
1870 to 1884; of Scotch pig iron, from 1866 to 1872; of cotton yarns, each month,
from 1867 to 1885, at Manchester, England; the number of joint stock companies
registered in the United Kingdom and their total nominal share capital, from 1866
to 1884; and the wheat acreage of Great Britain, each year, from 1870 to 1884.
France, 1837 to 1886 (9 pages).-A similar consideration of industrial depressions
in France. Tables give the number of miles of railroad in operation, each year, from
1840 to 1884, in France; the number of depositors and amout of deposits in sav-
ings banks, each year, from 1835 to 1883; the yearly production of coal, pig iron,
merchant iron, and steel, and the average yearly consumption of coal in France,
from 1829 to 1883; and the production and average market price of pig iron, mer-
chant irou, and steel in France, each year, from 1874 to 1883.
Belgium, 1837 to 1886 (5 pages).—A similar consideration of industrial depressions
in Belgium. Tables give the production and value of iron ore, pig iron, merchant
iron, and steel in Belgium, for various years between 1840 and 1883; and the produc-
tion, value, and price of coal in Belgium, each year, from 1831 to 1883, with the num-
ber of employés engaged in coal mining, their average yearly wages, and the average
quantity produced per employé.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS UNITED STATES. 219
Germany, 1837 to 1886 (6 pages).—A similar consideration of industrial depressions
in Germany. Tables give the production and value of pig iron in Germany, each
year, from 1863 to 1882, and of coal for 1848, 1853, 1857, and for each year, from 1862
to 1882; the number of savings banks, number of depositors, and amount of deposits
in such banks in Prussia, each year, from 1839 to 1881; the amount of new deposits
made and deposits withdrawn from savings banks in Saxony, for certain years be-
tween 1845 and 1880, and the number and per cent. of depositors, arranged according
to amount of deposit; and the number of miles of railroad in operation, each year, in
Germany, from 1835 to 1881, and in Prussia, from 1838 to 1881.
The United States, 1837 to 1886 (10 pages).—This consists wholly of a textual consid-
eration of industrial depressions in the United States, from 1837 to 1881. It includes
a list of the causes of depressions, as elicited by committees of Congress.
The industrial depression in the United States, 1882 to 1886 (189 pages).-This heading
comprises a detailed textual and statistical consideration of the industrial depression
of 1882 to 1886 in the United States. The tables are almost entirely based on data
collected by the Bureau for this investigation. The text treats of the extent and
causes of the depression. A list of the alleged causes of depression as gathered by
the agents of the Bureau is first given. The principal causes alleged, falling prices,
machinery, and over-production, the variation in the cost of production, variation
in the rates of wages, speculative railroad building, crippled consuming power or
under-consumption, and tariff' inequalities are considered seriatim. The tables give
the production each year in the United States of Bessemer steel ingots and steel
and iron rails, from 1874 to 1885; of pig iron according to fuel used, from 1870 to 1885;
of bituminous coal, from 1882 to 1885, by states; of anthracite coal, from 1882 to
1885; and of boots and shoes in Massachusetts, from 1859 to 1885; the number of
failures and amount of liabilities in the United States, each year, from 1857 to
1885; the number of miles of railroad in operation, each year, from 1830 to 1885;
the average monthly prices of pig iron at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, each year,
from 1870 to 1885; the value of imports and exports of merchandise of the United
States, by years, from 1835 to 1885; the value of imports and exports of the United
Kingdom, France, and the United States, each year, from 1860 to 1884; the average
price (in currency) of cotton and cotton goods at New York, by years, from 1847 to
1884; the export prices (in currency) of domestic products, each year, from 1855 to
1885; the number of depositors, amount of deposits, and the average amount to each
depositor in savings banks in the United States, by years, from 1873 to 1885; and
the displacement of muscular labor by machinery in the manufacture of agricultural
implements in an establishment in one of the western states.
Under the head Cost of production, tables compiled from data collected from 570
establishments give, in 40 pages, analyses of the cost of production of a large uum-
ber of carefully described units of production by states and separate establishments.
Other tables give an analysis of the cost of spinning a pound of cotton yarn, of speci-
fied numbers, in Alsace and in England; the cost of production of coal, the number
of employés, total amount paid in wages and yearly and daily average per em-
ployé, total production and yearly and daily average per employé, and the labor cost
per ton in France, each year, from 1853 to 1883; the production of coal, number of
employés, their wages, the labor cost per ton and price per ton, for the eight princi-
pal producing districts in France in 1883; the same for five coal mines in France in
1883; the production in 1883 in the department of Pas-de-Calais, and the number of
employés (men, women, and children), by specified mines; the labor cost of produc-
ing iron ore in France in 1883, by departments; the production, number, and wages
of employés, and the labor cost of production of iron ore in France, each year, from
1853 to 1883; the number of employés, days worked, wages paid, amount of pro-
duction and the average price of illuminating gas, coke, and tar in certain depart-
ments of France; the production per employé and his daily earnings in the produc-
tion of rolled iron in Westphalia, Germany, for the years 1869, 1873, and 1878, by
25
220
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
г
districts and occupations; five analyses of the cost of production of bar iron in West-
phalia in 1878; and the share of labor and capital in mining coal in the province of
Hainault, Belgium, each year, from 1860 to 1883.
Under the head Variation in the rates of wages, are given, in 84 pages, the fol-
lowing summaries, based on the table of occupations and wages contained in the
appendix: A summary for the establishments investigated, showing, by states and
countries, in a variety of industries, the number and average daily rates of wages of
adult male and adult female employés, respectively, in certain selected occupations;
a similar summary covering the number and average daily rates of wages of children
and youths; a summary showing by states and countries and by occupations, in each
industry, the total number of employés classified as adult males, adult females, and
children and youths; a summary showing, by industries and states, the number and
daily wages of adult males, adult females, and children and youths, respectively,
together with the number and the average daily and yearly running time of the
establishments; and a summary similar to the preceding, showing the same facts for
the United States as a whole, and for each foreign country as a whole. Other tables
give the labor cost per 1,000 hanks of spinning various numbers of twist, weft, and
reeled yarn or bastard twist, in the Bolton district, England; spinners' and piecers'
weekly wages at Oldham, England, in 1885, based on 3 draws in 50 seconds, 63-inch
draw, for any number of spindles per mule, from 432 to 1392; the revolutions per
spindle per inch of yarn on self-acting mules at Bolton; the wages paid per hour in
iron moulding in Great Britain in 1885, by localities; the wages per hour, by occupa-
tions, in the manufacture of machinery, Birmingham, England, in 1885; ordinary,
maximum, and minimum wages in selected occupations in Paris, and in principal
cities of France not including Paris, for the years 1844, 1853, 1860, 1871, 1875, 1881,
and 1882; and the number of employés and their average fortnightly wages, by
occupations, in spinning and carding cotton, and in weaving cotton goods, in the
Rhine district of Germany, each year, from 1855 to 1885.
Under Crippled consuming power, tables give the total and the foreign born popu-
lation 10 years of age and over, in the United States, engaged in agriculture and in
manufacturing, etc.. for 1870 and 1880; the number of immigrants into the United
States, each year, from 1820 to 1885; the imports of wheat into Great Britain and Ire-
land from the United States and from India, each year, from 1880 to 1884; the value
of all products of agriculture, of manufacture, of mining, etc., and of specie, exported
from the United States, for 1860 and 1870, and for each year, from 1875 to 1885; the
value of leading agricultural products exported from the United States, from 1860 to
1885, by years and classes of articles; and the value of wheat exported, each year,
from 1878 to 1885.
Under Tariff inequalities, a table relating to woollen and mixed goods manu-
factured at Leeds, England, or having Leeds as the point from which distribution
begins, states the description of the goods, width in inches, weight per yard, price
at factory, rate and amount of duty per pound and ad valorem, and the total duty
levied under the compound rate, with the per cent. which such duty is of the price
per yard at the factory.
The manufacturing nations considered as a group in relation to the present depression (10
pages). A textual sketch of the recent industrial development of manufacturing na-
tions, and their present economic condition.
Suggested remedies for depressions (26 pages).-A textual consideration of the reme-
dies suggested for industrial depressions. Lists of suggested remedies as elicited by
committees of Congress and as gathered by agents of the Department are first given.
The principal remedies suggested, viz: the restriction of land grants to corporations,
the restriction of immigration, the enactment of laws to stop speculation, the estab-
lishment of boards of arbitration to settle industrial difficulties, the contraction of
credit, a sound currency, commercial and mercantile conditions, the distribution of
products, profit-sharing, and the organization of workingmen and employers, are then
considered seriatim.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-UNITED STATES.
-UNITED STATES. 221
Summary (4 pages).—A textual consideration of the results of the investigation,
with a short table showing the years in which depressions occurred in each country
in such a way as to indicate the contemporaneousness of depressions in all the
countries.
Appendix: Occupations and wages (116 pages).-Under this heading are given statis-
tical tables for each establishment separately, showing, by industries and occupa-
tions, the number of male and female employés, respectively, their daily wages
and the length of working day, with the number of days in operation during the
past year.
Appendix: Earnings and expenses of wage-receivers in Europe (46 pages).—Under this title
are presented the separate statements of budgets of family income and expenditure
of 82 workingmen in various industries, living in Italy, Belgium, England, Germany,
and Switzerland. Each gives the occupation, general condition of life, and work;
earnings of the husband, the wife, and the children; diet and the cost of living, by
detailed articles of expenditure. Accompanying tables give the prices of commodi-
ties, the average daily working time and rates of wages in 1885, and taxes and tariff
rates on certain articles in Italy; and prices in Halifax, England, and general sta-
tistics showing the comparative state of affairs in England in 1860 and in 1885.
Synopsis of labor legislation in the United States (29 pages).—A synoptical compila-
tion of laws of the various states and territories relating to labor.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1886. (CONVICT LABOR.)-[618 PAGES.]
Introduction (4 pages).—A general statement which indicates the nature of the in-
vestigation and the methods pursued in collecting the data presented, and defines
the several general systems under which convict labor is carried on in the various
penal institutions.
General tables (277 pages).-These tables are compiled from data specially collected
for this investigation, and cover all penal institutions, of all grades, in all the states
and territories in which the inmates are in any degree employed in productive labor.
The tables are sixteen in number, and show the following statistical facts: Table I
gives, by states and territories, the name and location of each penal institution em-
ploying convict labor productively, the system of work pursued, the industries fol-
lowed, the number of contractors or lessees, the aggregate number of male convicts and
female convicts, respectively, the number of each class employed in each industry, and
the respective numbers of each class engaged in prison duties, and idle or sick; table
II shows the same facts by classes of institutions, which, for the purpose, are grouped
into institutions of severe penalties, institutions of moderate penalties, and insti-
tutions mainly reformatory; table III classifies the facts given in table I by sys-
tems of work, viz: public account, contract, piece price, and lease; table IV shows,
by classes of industries, the number of male and female convicts, separately, em-
ployed in productive labor in each class of penal institutions, in each state and
territory, and the system of work under which the labor is performed; the next four
tables show the quantity and value or approximate value of the goods made or
work done by convicts in each industry pursued in each institution, with the num-
ber of male and female convicts, respectively, employed, and the number of free
laborers necessary to perform the same work, the data being presented in table V
by states, in table VI by classes of institutions, in table VII by systems of work,
and in table VIII by classes of industries; table IX iustitutes a comparison between
the number of employés and value of product in certain selected prison industries
in 1886, and the same free industries in 1880; tables X and XI present the average
daily price for male and female convict labor and free labor, respectively, in the
same vicinity, table X being arranged by states and separate industries, and table
XI by classes of industries; table XII gives the itemized income and expenses of
each penal institution, and the income of convicts from overtime work, with state
222
· SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
totals; table XIII shows the same facts by classes of institutions, and table XIV, by
systems of work; table XV presents the average age and average length of sentence
of male and female convicts, respectively, and of all convicts, in each institution,
by states; table XVI groups the same facts by classes of institutions. Most of these
tables are fully supplied with summaries and recapitulations in various forms.
Analysis of tables (20 pages).--Each of the foregoing general tables is briefly ana-
lyzed and explained. Tables show the number of prisoners of the United States
sentenced to penal institutions of the several states and territories; the total and per
capita cost of maintenance of convicts for one year in institutions of severe penalties,
the facts being shown by systems of work for each institution in each state, with a
recapitulation, by systems of work; and the effect of convict labor in competition
with free labor, the table covering the views of representative men in various walks
of life, in relation to the effects of convict labor in reducing the wages of free labor,
the sales of goods, the products of work done, and in relation to its effects upon the
convict morally and physically.
State investigations (64 pages).—Under this head are presented the conclusions of the
principal reports on the subject of convict labor made under state authority or to
state legislatures. The reports from which extracts are given are as follows: Jan-
uary, 1867, report of E. C. Wines and Theodore W. Dwight, commissioners of the
Prison Association of New York to the legislature of that state; January, 1871, re-
port of the state commissioners on prison labor, M. S. Myers, E. C. Wines, and Thomas
Fencer, to the legislature of New York; April, 1879, and March, 1880, reports of Louis
D. Pillsbury, superintendent of state prisons of New York; January, 1884, first
annual report of the bureau of labor statistics of New York; February 8, 1887, report
of the prison labor reform commission to the legislature of New York, embracing
the act proposed by said commissi on to regulate the employment of prisoners in the
penal institutions of the state; 1877, report of special committee to the legislature
of Ohio; January, 1878, report of joint special committee to the legislature of Penn-
sylania; January, 1879, report of the bu reau of statistics of labor of Massachusetts;
January, 1880, supplemental report of the same bureau; October, 1879, report of joint
conference of committees from the states of Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey,
and Connecticnt; 1879, report of commission appointed under a resolution of the
legislature of New Jersey; January, 1880, report of commission appointed under
authority of a resolution of the legislature of Connecticut; February, 1884, report
of the commissioner of iabor of Michigan on penal institutions; January, 1887, report
of the commissioner of labor of Michigan; September, 1884, first biennial report of
the bureau of labor statistics of California; August, 1885, first biennial report of
the bureau of labor statistics of Iowa; September, 1886, second biennial report of
the bureau of labor and industrial statistics of Wisconsin; fourth biennial report of
the bureau of labor statistics of Illinois.
Advantages and disadvantages of various systems and plans (28 pages).—This is a textual
discussion, illustrated by short statistical tables, of the advantages and disadvan-
tages of existing and proposed systems or plans of employment of convicts. First in
order is considered the contract system, illustrated by the following tables: A table
showing for each year, from 1875 to 1885, the number of pork barrels, lard tierces,
lard kegs, and beef tierces, respectively, made for one firm by convict labor and sold
in Chicago; a similar table for fifteen private shops in Chicago; a table comparing
these two with each other and with the estimated total output of all private shops in
Chicago; two tables showing the average annual earnings of coopers in each of nine
establishments in Chicago for each year, from 1875 to 1885; similar tables for beer-
barrel coopers in three establishments in Chicago; a table giving the price per piece
Paid for making pork barrels or lard tierces and the average weekly earnings of
coopers in the cities of Chicago, Milwaukee, Saint Louis, Kansas City, Indianapolis,
Louisville, Denver, Buffalo, Rochester, and Baltimore; and a table showing the mar-
ket prices in Chicago for each year, from 1875 to 1885, of pork barrels, lard tierces,
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS UNITED STATES. 223
lard kegs, and beef tierces, respectively. Other systems, plans, and suggestions for
treatment of the question are considered in the following order: The piece price
system; the public account system; the lease system; the entire abolition of convict
labor; the establishment of a penal colony by the federal government; the employ-
ment of prisoners upon public works and ways; the employment of convicts in manu-
facturing goods for the government; the exportation of the products of convict labor;
the prohibition of the sale of convict-made goods outside of the state in which man-
ufactured; convict-made goods to be stamped “prison-made;” the payment of wages
to convicts; the reduction of hours of labor in prisons; diversified industries; the
substitution of industries not now carried on in this country; the utilization of con-
viets upon farms; and hand labor under the public account system. This last plan
is very fully treated and is favored above any other suggested.
Historical notes (108 pages).--Under this head is embraced a compilation of informa-
tion, mainly textual, relative to the economic employment of criminals in different
countries and at different periods in the history of the world. As indicated above
the information is historical, and constant reference is made to authorities. The
countries treated of are as follows: The early nations (under which head are grouped
Chaldea, Assyria, Persia, Phoenicia, Egypt, the Jews, Greece, Rome, and China);
Italy, Spain, France, Holland, Belgium, Germany (and separately Prussia, Baden,
and Wurtemberg); Russia, Great Britain, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Peru, Ar-
gentine Republic, Brazil, and the United States. Tables show, by industries, the
daily average number of male and female convicts, separately, engaged in produc-
tive labor in Prussia for the year 1883-84; the aggregate number of free laborers in
certain specified industries in Prussia in 1875, the number of convicts engaged in
similar industries for 1875–76, and the ratio of free laborers to convicts in each in-
dustry; the distribution of prison labor in Wurtemberg, showing, by industries, how
many prisoners work at prison duties, etc., how many for the state, and how many
for customers; the average daily number of convicts in several British prisons and
computed average daily value of the labor of each, by classes of occupations; and
the computed value of the labor of British convicts for the year ending March 31,
1886, by prisons and classes of occupatious.
Convict labor laws in the United States (98 pages).—Under this head is given the text
of laws or parts of laws of all the states and territories, and of the United States, re-
lating to the subject of convict labor, with full citations of the statutes whence
compiled.
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1887. (STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS.)—[1172 PAGES.]
Analysis of tables (27 pages).—The above heading embraces a textual discussion of the
scope of the report, the methods employed in collecting the data, and the tabulated
results as presented in the general statistical tables and summaries. Illustrative
tables are introduced covering the following points: Number of strikes, number of
establishments involved, average number of establishments to a strike, and number
of employés striking and involved, for each year, from 1881 to 1886, being the years
covered by the main investigation; classification, by sex, of the employés involved in
strikes and lockouts, respectively, each year; comparison between total number of
establishments in the United States involved in strikes and lockouts, separately,
and the aggregate number so involved in the states of New York, Pennsylvania,
Massachusetts, Ohio, and Illinois, each year; per cent. of strikes and lockouts, sepa-
rately, ordered by organizations each year; per cent. of establishments closed by
reason of strikes or lockouts each year; the results, in percentage, as to success, par-
tial success, or failure, for establishments having strikes and those having lockouts,
each year; the results for employés involved in strikes, each year; the leading
causes or objects of strikes, with the number and per cent, of establishments in which
each operated to produce strikes; days required for employés to recover wage losses
in each wholly successful strike for increase of wages; also in each partially suc-
j
224
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
cessful strike for increase of wages; and a mathematical table showing the number
of days required at certain given percentages of increase to recover the wage loss in-
curred through a strike of any given duration.
General tables of strikes and lockouts (645 pages).-These tables are only two in number,
but they are very long and cover a great many details. Table I contains data con-
cerning strikes of employés, and table II similar data concerning lockouts by em-
ployers, occurring during the years 1881 to 1886. The facts for each strike are shown
separately, and the strikes are grouped under the states, by years, and under the
years, by industries. The data give the locality, cause or object, duration, with
dates of beginning and end, and result of the strike, whether ordered by an organ-
ization, number of establishments involved, number of days establishments were
closed, loss occasioned to and assistance received by employés, loss to employers,
number and average daily wages of male and female employés, separately, before
strike and after strike, number of employés striking and their daily pay before strike
and after strike, total number of male and female employés, separately, striking and
involved, number of new employés after strike, number of such brought from other
places, and average weekly working hours before and after strike, respectively.
Summaries of strikes and lockouts (345 pages).-Under this heading are embraced
21 elaborate summaries and recapitulations of the data given in detail in tables
I and II. Tables III and X are summaries of strikes and lockouts, respectively,
condensing the facts, except as to causes, shown in the general tables, and pre-
senting them for states by years; tables IV and XI show the same facts for years by
states; tables V and XII, for states by industries; tables VI and XIII, for industries
by states; tables VII and XIV, for the United States by years; tables VIII and XV,
for the United States by states; tables IX and XVI, for the United States by indus-
tries; table XVII is a summary of the causes and results of strikes for states by
years; and table XVIII, a similar summary for states by industries; table XIX is a
suminary of causes for the United States by years; table XX, a similar summary
by industries; table XXI, a recapitulation of causes and results for the United States;
table XXII, a summary of causes, etc., of lockouts for the United States by years;
and table XXIII, a recapitulation of causes, etc., of lockouts for the United States.
Strikes and lockouts occurring in the United States prior to 1881 (82 pages).--This em-
braces such accounts of former strikes and lockouts in the United States as could
be gleaned from state and United States reports and from a mass of private publi-
cations. The information thus collected is arranged chronologically, and embraces
references in all cases to the sources whence derived, and concludes with a statis-
tical table presenting the information in a summarized form, by years, causes, and
results.
Decisions of courts and legislation concerning strikes, combinations, conspiracies, boycotts,
etc. (56 pages).-Under the above heading are first given extracts from reports and
decisions, with authorities cited, showing the gradual modification in the United
States of the common law doctrine of conspiracy. Following this are extracts from
the statutes of such states and territories as have enacted laws concerning strikes,
combinations, boycotts, etc.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888. (WORKINGWOMEN IN LARGE CITIES.)—
[631 PAGES.]
Introduction (2 pages).-A textual statement of the object, methods, and extent of
the investigation is herein presented, and shows that the statistics given in the
tables cover returns from 17,427 workingwomen, engaged in 343 distinct industries,
in the cities of Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts;
Brooklyn, New York; Buffalo, New York; Charleston, South Carolina; Chicago,
Illinois; Cincinnati, Ohio; Cleveland, Ohio; Indianapolis, Indiana; Louisville,
Kentucky; Newark, New Jersey; New Orleans, Louisiana; New York, New York;
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Providence, Rhode Island; Richmond, Virginia; San
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—UNITED STATES. 225
Francisco, California; San José, California; Saint Louis, Missouri; Saint Paul, Min-
nesota; and Savannah, Georgia.
General conditions (17 pages).—Under this title is embraced a textual account of the
impressions gained by the special agents who collected the information as to the
general conditions surrounding the employment of women in the several cities visited
by them.
Boarding homes, aids for workingwomen, etc. (29 pages).—A textual statement which
treats of the various institutions existing in the cities comprehended in the investi-
gation, which have for their object the protection and assistance of working women.
Topical analysis of tables (19 pages).—Presents a textual account of the principal
facts disclosed by the general tables and summaries compiled from the data col-
lected, and concludes with a discussion as to the character of workingwomen, in
which statistics covering the previous occupations of 3,866 prostitutes show that the
ranks of prostitution are not largely recruited from the class of girls considered in
the main report. The discussion is illustrated by short tables showing the average
weekly earnings of workingwomen in each of the 22 cities investigated, the facts as
to previous occupations of the prostitutes interviewed, and as to previous marriage
of such prostitutes.
General tables and summaries (547 pages).-This topic embraces 32 statistical tables,
presenting in detail and in summarized form the information collected. Table I
shows the present age of the women for each city, by industries and by separate
ages, with totals and averages; table II is a summary of table I by cities, table
III is a detail table, table IV a summary by industries, and table V, a summary by
cities, giving the age of the women at the time of beginning work; table VI is a
detail table by cities and industries, and table VII a summary by cities, of the years
engaged in present occupation; table VIII presents in detail for cities and indus-
tries, and table IX in summarized form for cities, the state or country of birth;
table X is a detail table by cities and industries, and table XI a summary by cities
of the state or country of birth of the fathers and mothers, respectively; table XII
shows in detail and table XIII in a summary, by cities, the conjugal condition and
number of previous occupatious of the girls; table XIV is a detail table, and table
XV a summary, of the conditions of residence, showing whether the girls live in
boardinghouses, in lodginghouses, in private families, or at home, and, if the
latter, whether they assist in the housework, give their earnings, pay their board,
or receive their board; table XVI shows in detail by industries for cities, and table
XVII by totals for cities, the number of families represented, the number of persons
in such families, the number who are workers, and the number of families wherein
some member owns a house; table XVIII is a detail table, table XIX a summary by
industries, and table XX a summary by cities, of the condition of health of the girls
at the age of beginning work, during previous occupations, and now, such condi-
tions being classified as good, fair, and bad; tables XXI to XXVII, inclusive, present
in detail and in condensed form the facts as to education, church attendance, home
condition and shop condition as to comfort, etc., separate tables showing these
facts for working women with both parents native born, with one parent native
born and one foreign born, and with both parents foreign born; table XXVIII is a
detail table, table XXIX a summary by industries, and table XXX a summary by
cities, showing the classified yearly earnings and average time lost of those girls
who reported earnings; table XXXI presents in detail for cities, industries, and
occupations, and table XXXII, in summarized form for cities, the itemized yearly
income and expenses of those who reported both.
SPECIAL REPORT, 1889. (MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE.)-[1074 PAGES.]
Introduction (14 pages).—Under this head are given the legislation providing for the
special inquiry, a statement of the plans, scope, and difficulties of the investigation,
and a brief statement of the contents of the general tables. The inquiry extends
13400-15
+
I
226
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
aver a period of twenty years, from 1867 to 1886, embracing the statistics of nearly all
the divorces granted during that period, and of such marriages as were recorded
under state authority. A table shows the names of counties in which court records
were destroyed during the period, with the dates of destruction.
Existing statutory regulations governing marriage in the United States; sectarian influence
on marriages (51 pages).-Under this heading is embraced a synopsis of the laws gov-
erning marriage in the several states and territories, as found in the statutes thereof.
The subject is treated under the following topics: Definitions of marriage; encour-
agement and restraint of marriage; legislation relative to the parties; prohibited
degrees; void, voidable, and prohibitel marriages; remarriage during the life of for-
mer spouse; preliminaries to marriage; celebration; subsequent marriage after
divorce; record of marriages. The legal digest is supplemented by a short account
of certain sectarian practices and customs relative to marriage.
Existing statutory regulations governing divorce in the United States; sectarian customs and
influences (52 pages). This heading embraces a synopsis of the statutory regulations
relating to divorce, and is presented under the following subdivisions: Divorce and
annulment; legislative divorces; judicial divorces; residence limitations; service
of notice on defendant; causes for absolute and limited divorce; special provisions
for defence; alimony; when divorce is refused; validity of divorces obtained in
another state; change of name after divorce; divorce statistics; annulment. To
this has been added an account of sectarian practices and customs affecting divorce.
The movement of divorce, 1867 to 1886, inclusive (38 pages).-This chapter embraces a
textual and statistical consideration of the number of divorces granted during the
years 1867 to 1886 in the United States, based on the general tables compiled by the
Department. The text includes a consideration of the movement of divorce in each
state separately, and in the principal cities generally. The influence of legislation
on divorce is also considered. The tables give the number of counties in each state
for which a record of divorces and marriages was obtained, and the total counties
in each state and in the country; the number of divorces granted to colored libel-
lants by states, where the libels state the color of the libellant or of the libellee;
the number of marriages and divorces, each year, and the proportion of divorces to
marriages, each year, from 1867 to 1886, in states in which the former are quite fully
reported, and in states in which they are not fully reported, respectively; the number
of divorces granted each year, from 1867 to 1886, by states and territories, with totals
for the United States; divorces, in each state and per cent. of increase of divorces,
from 1867 to 1886, by periods of five, ten, and twenty years; the per cent. of increase of
population and of divorce, from 1870 to 1880, by states; the number of divorces granted
in certain countries in Europe, each year, from 1867 to 1886, by countries; the popula-
tion, estimated number of married couples, number of divorces, and number of married
couples to one divorce in 1870 and 1880, for each state, and the ratios between 1870
and 1880, of estimated married couples and divorces.
A series of tables, desig-
nated A to E, illustrates the movement of divorce in cities. Table A gives the cities
and the counties in which they are situated, with the population of each city and
county by the censuses of 1870 and 1880, the population of the state outside of the
county, and the population of the whole state; table B gives the estimated married
couples for the county, for the state outside the county, and for the whole state;
table C gives the number of divorces on the foregoing plan; table D the estimated
married couples to one divorce, and table E the preceding facts reduced to percent-
age. An additional table gives the number of applications for divorce, and divorces
granted each year, from 1867 to 1886, in a few counties of each of twenty states.
The causes for which divorce is granted (14 pages).-Contains a textual and statistical
consideration of the causes for which divorce is granted. Two tables give divorces
granted to husbands and wives, respectively, from 1867 to 1886, by states and clas-
sified causes, and another exhibits the result of an examination in 45 counties in
twelve states, as to the influence of intemperance on divorce.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-UNITED STATES. 227
Duration of marriage before divorce was granted (11 pages).—Under this heading are pre-
sented, with brief textual comments, a table, giving the duration of marriage before
divorce was granted in the United States, for each year, from 1867 to 1886, by classi-
fied causes and sex, with totals and averages for the United States; a table, desig-
nated A, showing the average duration of marriage before divorce of parties who
had been married twenty-one years and over, by states and sex, for the same period;
a similar table, designated B, presenting the same facts arranged by sex and classi-
fied causes; and two tables giving the years from marriage to separation, and from
separation to divorce, in 45 counties scattered over eleven states, for the period.
Place of marriage of divorced parties; the publication of notice (16 pages).—This is a
textual and statistical consideration of the migration of parties from one state to
another for the purpose of seeking divorce, and of the necessity for publication of
notice. The tables give the number of persons, by sex, divorced during the period
in the states where married or in other states, the number of persons married in the
states where divorced, in other of the United States, in foreign countries, and whose
place of marriage was unknown; the place of birth of the total population in 1870
and 1880, classified as born in the state where living, in another state, or in a foreign
country; the number and per cent. living in another state than where born, in 1870 and
1880, and the number and per cent. divorced in another state than where married,
by states; and a table showing for certain counties in various states the number of
cases in which notice was served by publication, and the number in which personal
service was had.
Children and alimony (6 pages).-Contains short statistical tables, with textual
analysis, giving a summary of cases of persons with children, and without children,
divorced during the period, by states and causes, and by years and causes; the
number of cases in which alimony was granted, and total number of divorces for
certain states and counties.
General tables (765 pages).--These tables are nine in number, covering all the facts
collected on the subject. Each table is for the period from 1867 to 1886, inclusive.
Table I gives, by counties for each state and territory, the population for 1870 and
for 1880, and the number of marriages and divorces, so far as they were obtainable,
each year, from 1867 to 1886, with totals for each county and state. Table II is a
recapitulation of Table I, bringing into compact form, by states, the number of di-
vorces granted each year, with totals for the United States. Table III shows the num-
ber of divorces, by specific causes, arranged by states and years. Table IV shows
the duration of marriage before divorce, arranged by states, and by specific
causes for which divorces were granted and to which party granted, whether to
husband or to wife. Table V shows the number of divorces for each state by
years and classified causes, that is, by causes condensed from those given in detail
in previous tables, and classified as follows: Adultery, cruelty, desertion, drunk-
enness, neglect to provide, combinations of the preceding or of a preceding with
some minor cause or causes, and all other causes not combinations with any of the
preceding. Table VI shows the duration of marriage before divorce, arranged by
years, according to causes for which divorces were granted. Table VII shows the
duration of marriage before divorce, arranged by states and according to the years
in which divorces were granted. Table VIII shows, by states for each year, whether
the divorced persons were married in the state in which divorced, in an adjoining
state, in other of the United States, in a foreign country, or whether the place of
marriage is unknown. Table IX shows, for each state, arranged according to classi-
fied causes and years, the number having children, the average number of children,
and the number without children.
Appendix: Laws and statistics relating to marriage and divorce in Europe (89 pages).-This
is a textual and statistical consideration of the laws and movement of marriage and
divorce in Austria, Hungary, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, United Kingdom,
German Empire, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Roumania, Russia, Sweden, and
228
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Switzerland. A bibliographical note is added. Authorities are noted throughout.
The tables give the population of Austria in 1880, by religions; marriages and
divorces in Austria and in Vienna, from 1867 to 1886, by years; marriages celebrated
and dissolved by death or judicial decree in Vienna, from 1867 to 1886, by years;
marriages dissolved by decree of the court in the judicial district of Vienna, from
1882 to 1887; an analysis of actions for separation brought without mutual consent,
and for divorces in the judicial district of Vienna, from 1882 to 1886, the religious
status of the parties, and the occupation of the husbands, the ages, duration of
marriage, and children in marriages dissolved in the judicial district of Vienna
from 1882 to 1886; the population of Transylvania, Hungary proper and Transyl-
vania, and all Hungary, by religions, according to the census of 1880; the number
of marriages and divorces in Hungary, from 1870 to 1886, and in Hungary proper and
Transylvania and in Buda-Pesth, from 1867 to 1886, by years; the number of mar-
riages and dissolutions in Hungary and Transylvania, from 1876 to 1886, by years
and religions; the religious status of the spouses when of different religions from
their husbands, from 1877 to 1886, by years; and marriages and divorces in the dif-
ferent sections of Hungary for 1878-'79, classed according to the language spoken;
the number of marriages and divorces in Belgium, each year, from 1830 to 1886;
marriages and divorces in Belgium, by provinces, from 1840 to 1885; marriages and
divorces for all Belgium and for certain cities of Belgium compared, from 1870
to 1885, and for certain cities of Belgium during certain specified years, from 1865
to 1885; divorces granted in Canada, from 1867 to 1888, by years, and for the same
period, by provinces and causes and by sex; marriages and divorces in Denmark, from
1867 to 1887, and divorces, from 1871 to 1881, by years, and marriages in Copenhagen,
from 1867 to 1887, by years; marriages and divorces in France and in Paris, each
year, from 1867 to 1886; actions for limited and absolute divorce in France and in
Paris, each year, from 1867 to 1885, showing sex, causes, whether with or without
children, and result of action; marriages and divorces in France, from 1802 to 1886,
by irregular periods; occupations of husbands applying for divorce, from 1837 to
1880, by periods; marriages and separations in the department of the Seine, from
1837 to 1878, by periods; the number of applications for limited divorce, causes for
application, and their result, in France, from 1837 to 1880, by periods; the cross-
bills filed to actions for limited divorce, from 1841 to 1880, by periods; and the du-
ration of marriages before application for limited divorce, from 1841 to 1880, by
periods of years; marriages and divorces in England and Wales, in Scotland, and
in Ireland, and in all three together, from 1867 to 1886, by years; the number of
marriages and divorces in the German Empire, and separately in Prussia, Bavaria,
Saxony, Wurtemberg, Baden, Hesse, Elsass-Lothringen, Hamburg, and in Berlin,
each year, from 1867 to 1886, and in Thuringia, from 1863 to 1878; the population of
Germany in 1885, and marriages in 1885 and 1886, by political divisions; the popu-
lation of Germany, December 1, 1880, by political divisions, and conjugal condition
of the inhabitants; the population of Germany in 1880 and 1885, and matrimo-
nial actions instituted and concluded, and applications for divorce and verdicts
rendered, each year, from 1881 to 1885, by judicial districts; the number of matri-
monial actions in Baden, from 1867 to 1879, their causes and results, and the occupa-
tions of husbands divorced, from 1876 to 1880; the number of marriages to one
divorce in Bavaria, from 1862 to 1875, by provinces, and by provinces and religions
of spouses; the number of applications for divorce in Hamburg, each year, from
1869 to 1887; the population of Prussia in 1880, by geographical divisions; the num-
ber and result of attempted reconciliations in divorce cases by the ccclesiastical
authorities, each year, from 1869 to 1879; the number of divorce cases instituted in
Berlin, the grounds upon which divorces were granted, the number of the divorced
having children, and the religion of the divorced, each year, from 1879 to 1881, and
the occupations of the husbands divorced, each year, from 1880 to 1884; the dura-
tion of marriages dissolved, including annulments, in Saxouy, each year, from 1866
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-UNITED STATES. 229
to 1879, the number of matrimonial actions in Saxony, each year, from 1866 to 1878,
and grounds upon which divorces were granted; the number of inarriages and di-
vorces, the number of matrimonial actious brought and number concluded, the
grounds upon which divorces were granted and the duration of married life of
those divorced in the judicial district of Dresden, from 1867 to 1878, by years; the
number of dissolutions of marriage, by causes and years, in Wurtemberg, from 1870
to 1875;
the number of marriages and separations in Italy, from 1867 to 1886, by
years, and the number of applications in Italy (except Rome and Venice for years
prior to 1871) for separation and their results, from 1866 to 1884, and the number of
applications for separation, their canses, and results, by judicial districts, in Italy,
from 1866 to 1879, inclusive (except Rome and Venice prior to 1871); the number of
marriages and divorces in the Netherlands, each year, from 1867 to 1886, the number
of divorces after five years' separation, each year, from 1877 to 1886, the per cent. of
divorced couples, Catholic or Protestant, and the number of marriages to a divorce
for the period 1850 to 1864, by provinces, and the number of children of marriages
dissolved by divorce, from 1860 to 1878, by periods; the number of marriages, each
year, from 1867 to 1886, and of divorces, from 1870 to 1884, in Norway; the number of .
marriages and divorces in Roumania, each year, from 1871 to 1880, and the number
of applications for divorce, in what year of marriage made, and their causes and
results, each year, from 1875 to 1877; the number of marriages and divorces in Rus-
sia, from 1867 to 1886, among members of the Evangelical Augsburg Confession, and
the Evangelical Reformed Confession; the number of marriages and divorces, with
causes, each year, from 1866 to 1885, among the orthodox of Russia; and, separately,
in the dioceses of Viatka, Moscow, Kief, and Saint Petersburg, in the last also classi-
fied by religions; the number of marriages and of divorces granted in Finland, each
year, from 1867 to 1886, and by causes, each year, from 1875 to 1879; and the number
of marriages and divorces in Poland, each year, from 1867 to 1886, by religions; the
number of marriages and of divorces, with causes, in Sweden, each year, from 1867
to 1886; the number of marriages and divorces in Stockholm, from 1867 to 1886, by
years; the number of betrothals dissolved in Sweden and Stockholm, each year,
from 1867 to 1886; the number of divorces in Sweden and Stockholm, each year,
from 1831 to 1866; and the relative ages of the divorced, duration of dissolved mar-
riages, etc., in Sweden, each year, from 1876 to 1880; the number of marriages and
divorces in Switzerland, and, separately, in six cantons only, by years, from 1867 to
1886; the number of divorces, the number having children, and the duration of mar-
riages in Switzerland, each year, from 1876 to 1880, the relative ages of the parties
divorced, each year, from 1877 to 1880; the population to one divorce granted, an-
nually, in Switzerland, from 1876 to 1880, by occupations, and the duration of mar-
riages dissolved by divorce in 1880, according to the ages of the parties at the time
of divorce.
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1889. (RAILROAD LABOR.)-[888 PAGES.]
Introduction (5 pages).-This embraces a textual statement of the character of the
investigation and of the methods employed in conducting it. The purpose of the
investigation was to find out the relations of railroad employés and the corporations
under which they work, the wages paid in all branches of the service and in different
parts of the country, and the time lost, as well as other matters of vital interest to
railroad employés. The investigation covered sixty different roads representing all
parts of the country and all conditions of railroad labor, and employing 241,910 per-
The roads were divided into seven geographical groups, viz: the New Eng-
land group, Middle Atlantic group, Central South Atlantic and Gulf group, Central
Northern group, Southwestern group, Northwestern group, and Pacific group. A
table shows the states constituting each group, with the number of employés in
each. An accompanying map shows the territory comprised within each group.
Two tables give the number of employés on each of the sixty roads and the group to
sons.
230
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
:
which it belongs, and separately for ten selected roads, concerning which the infor-
mation is presented in greater detail. Each road is represented by a number, the
name in no case being given.
The relations of employés and corporations (37 pages).-This is a wholly textual consid-
eration of the restrictions placed by railroad companies on the use of intoxicating
liquors by their employés; an account of the policy of furnishing dwelling houses
by the companies for the use of their employés; a description of the beneficiary
institutions maintained by the different railroads; a statement of the views of the
chief officers of the great railroad labor organizations in regard to insurance funds,
beneficiary associations, technical schools, etc.; the reproduction of a statement
regarding accidents contained in the third annual report of the Interstate Commerce
Commission, embracing a table showing the number of passengers, employés, and
other persons killed and injured in railroad accidents during the year ending June
30, 1888; and a consideration of the liability of employers for personal injuries to
their employés, including copies of the British employers' liability act of 1880, and
the laws of the different states concerning the liability of employers for personal
injuries to their employés.
Time and earnings; analysis of general tables (105 pages).—A textual consideration of
the results of the investigation, with numerous short illustrative tables, which sum-
marize and bring out more clearly the information to be derived from the general
tables. These tables give the number of employés of the sixty roads combined by
detailed occupations; the detailed occupations divided into groups of related occn-
pations; the number and per cent. of the total number of employés classified accord-
ing to groups of daily earnings; number of days employed and annual earnings; the
number and per cent. of timeworkers by groups of rates; the number and per cent.
of employés in leading occupations in each of the sixty roads, grouped by occupa-
tions according to their daily rate of pay and according to their annual earnings;
the number of employés on each road, arranged by groups of related occupations,
according to their daily rate of pay, the number of days employed, and their annual
earnings, with summaries of totals and percentages presenting the same facts for the
sixty roads combined; the number and per cent. of employés by leading occupations,
classified according to their daily rates of pay and annual earnings; the average
daily rate of pay, and average annual earnings in leading occupations, by geograph-
ical groups of roads; the average daily rates of pay, and average annual earnings of
railroad employés in Great Britain and the United States compared, by roads and
leading occupations; the number of employés, the total number of days employed,
the total earnings, the average number of days employed, and the average earnings,
and the number of employés which would be necessary if working on full time of
313 days to accomplish the same results, with their consequent average earnings,
and a summary presenting the same facts for all occupations combined, by selected
occupations for all roads, the actual number of employés, the number of employés
which would have been necessary had they been continuously employed, and the
ratio of the necessary number to the actual number employed, and a table show-
ing illustrative cases of long tours of duty of trainmen by ronds and geographical
groups.
General tables (715 pages).-This chapter embraces six tables of details. Table I, 346
pages in length, shows, by occupations, the number of days each employé, of each
of ten selected roads, was actually employed during one year, the daily rate at which
employed, and his classified earnings for a year. In table II, 278 pages in length, all
the facts shown in the first table for ten roads are summarized for the whole sixty
roads covered by the investigation, grouped as to rates. Table III, 2 pages in length,
summarizes the same facts for all the employés of the sixty roads combined. Table
IV, 2 pages in length, shows, for all roads and all occupations combined, the per-
centage of the number of employés, arranged according to the plan of the preced-
ing tables. Table V, 84 pages in length, shows, by occupations for each of the sixty
?
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—UNITED STATES. 231
1
}
roads separately, the number of employés, distinguishing between those working less
than 301 days, and those working 301 days and over, the average number of days em-
ployed in each case, and the average earnings. Table VI, 2 pages in length, shows
the maximum and minimum rates of daily wages of employés, by occupations, on
twenty of the principal railroads in Great Britain.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1890.-[1414 PAGES.]
Introduction (25 pages).—The introduction quotes the act of Congress directing the
investigation which has resulted in this report, makes a statement of the plan and
scope of the work, reviews its difficulties, and considers the various accepted defi-
nitions of the term Cost of production. A short table gives the production of pig
iron in the different sections of the United States, as reported at the eleventh
census. Other tables, taken from reports compiled by James M. Swank, sec-
retary of the American Iron and Steel Association, show the statistics of the annual
volume of production of pig iron, steel, etc., in this and other countries; the con-
sumption of pig iron, and of iron and steel rails in the United States, from 1855 to
1889, inclusive; the consumption of all kinds of rails in the United States for the
years from 1867 to 1889, and the imports of iron and steel and their products into
the United States for four years, from 1886 to 1889, inclusive.
Cost of production (256 pages).—Under this heading are given eleven general tables,
covering 618 establishments. These tables are, respectively, for the cost of produc-
tion of pig iron, of muck bar iron, of finished bar iron, of miscellaneous iron prod-
ncts, of steel ingots, of steel rails, of miscellaneous steel products, of bituminous
coal, of coke, of iron ore, and of limestone, at various establishments, mines, ovens,
and quarries, in various states and countries. For each general table there are
numerous sub-tables, designated by capital letters. To show the location of the
establishments under pig iron the United States have been divided into two districts;
the northern and the southern; and Europe was divided into two: Great Britain
and the continent of Europe. For the other industries no division of the United
States has been made.
Table I gives the cost of production of pig iron separately for each establishment.
The sub-tables, ranging from A to L, show, respectively, the period covered and
quantity of product, the appliances of production, the assemblage of the materials,
the chemical analysis of ore, the kind, quantity, and cost of materials charged into
the furnace, the proportions of materials charged into the furnace, the general state-
ment of cost for the period, the elements of cost in one ton of 2,240 pounds, the per
cent. of each element of cost in one ton of 2,240 pounds, the total additional cost of
certain theoretical elements, and the additional cost of certain theoretical elements
in one ton of 2,240 pounds. From the foregoing table there have been drawu cer-
tain minor tables showing various features for twenty-six blast furnaces of the
northern district of the United States, and twenty-four of the southern district,
making run-of-furnace pig iron, by which the relative condition and results can be
intelligently studied. These are followed by nine short summaries of the returns
for run-of-furnace, gray forge, and Bessemer pig iron, each being supplemented
with a statement of the average cost per ton for insurance, interest, and deprecia-
tion of value of plant, which are designated as theoretical elements of cost.
ries of short tables shows the cost of direct labor, etc., in one ton of pig iron; the
cost of producing the quantity necessary for one ton of pig iron, of iron ore, of coal,
of coke, and of limestone, and of their conversion into iron; the total cost of one
ton of pig iron from the mining of the materials to the finished product; and the
per cent. of cost of direct labor in one ton of pig iron from the mining of the mate-
rials to the finished product. Another series shows the cost of pig iron, etc., in va-
rious countries in previous years, the earliest period given being 1848; the royalties
upon mine products demanded by foreign governments; the average monthly prices
per ton of 2,240 pounds of pig iron in Pennsylvania from 1887 to 1890, inclusive; the
A se-
232
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
prices per ton of 2,240 pounds of No. 1 pig iron at Philadelphia since 1842, and the
prices of Lake Superior iron ore delivered at Cleveland for seven years, from 1884
to 1890, inclusive, taken from the reports of James M. Swank, secretary of the
American Iron and Steel Association, and the market price of iron per ton in Great
Britain for three years, from 1888 to 1890, inclusive, taken from the Economist
(London) Monthly Trade Supplement of November 15, 1890.
Tables II to VII, inclusive, show, respectively, the cost of production of muck bar
iron, of finished bar iron, of miscellaneous iron, of steel ingots, of steel rails, and of
iniscellaneous steel. Eight sub-tables, ranging from A to H, for each of the general
tables, have been given, and these conform, as far as possible, to the plan of pre-
sentation as given under pig iron. Summaries, drawn from the sub-tables, are given
for muck bar iron, for finished bar iron, and for steel ingots. Other tables show
the cost of labor in making muck bar iron and finished bar iron in England in va-
rious years, from 1877 to 1890, inclusive; the average monthly wholesale prices of
best refined rolled bar iron at Philadelphia for each month from January, 1844, to
December, 1889, inclusive; the elements of cost in one ton of steel rails made in
England in 1889, and also in 1890; the cost of direct labor, etc., in one ton of steel
rails made in the United States, in Great Britain, and on the continent of Europe;
the average prices of steel rails in the United States and Great Britain for the years
1867 to 1890, taken from different authorities; the average monthly prices of steel
rails at works in Pennsylvania for the years 1868 to 1890, inclusive; and the market
price of steel rails per ton in Great Britain for the years 1888, 1889, and 1890, taken
from the Economist (London) Monthly Trade Supplement of November 15, 1890.
In table VIII, for bituminous coal, the sub-tables also range from A to H, and the
plan of tabulation is nearly identical with that pursued in the preceding industries.
The usual summary follows. A series of short tables gives the cost of production of
coal in Belgium for 1888; the selling price of bituminous coal at Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania, for various periods, from 1880 to 1890; the average monthly price of coal at
the mine, Upper Silesia, Germany, for three years, from 1888 to 1890, inclusive; and
the average monthly price of coal and coke per ton in the Dortmund (Westphalia)
district for three years, from 1888 to 1890, inclusive.
Tables IX, X, and XI show the cost of production of coke, of iron ore, and of lime-
stone, the presentation being in the same general form as for the preceding indus-
tries. For coke and iron ore the sub-tables range from A to G, and for limestone
from A to F. The usual summarizing at the end of the tables is also given. Other
tables show the selling price of coke per ton at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from the lat-
ter part of 1887 to May 22, 1890; the monthly price of coke per ton at Connellsville, Penn-
sylvania, from January, 1884, to December, 1889, inclusive; the average monthly price
of coal and coke per ton in Charleroi, Belgium, from January, 1888, to May, 1890, inclus-
ive, and the freight rates for pig iron, steel, etc., from various points of production in
the United States to points and ports of delivery, and from ports in Great Britain and
other countries to various ports in the United States, gathered from official sources.
Time and earnings (295 pages).—This part of the report deals with the time employed
and the earnings gained by workingmen in 99 of the 618 establishments represented
in the tabulation of cost of production, the period covered being generally one year.
Copies of the payrolls were made in these ninety-nine cases, and these form the
basis of the general tables XII to XIV, inclusive, given under this head. Table XII
gives the actual and theoretical time and earnings, and presents the facts in detail
for each establishment separately, by localities and occupations, through the several
industries, in a series of sub-tables ranging from A to Y. Table XIII summarizes
these facts by occupations, and table XIV summarizes them by bringing the estab
lishment totals together in each industry.
The efficiency of labor (22 pages). This article is devoted to the efficiency of labor.
The number of establishments represented in the tabulations is 138, engaged in the
manufacture of pig iron, muck bar iron, steel ingots, steel rails, and the mining of
iron ore.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS UNITED STATES. 233
Table XV gives the efficiency of labor in detail for each of the industries named,
by establishments and localities, the tons of product being apportioned successively
to the work in the several classes of occupations. Table XVI gives the efficiency of
labor, by occupations, the comparison being shown by grouping like occupations.
The range of efficiency is shown in condensed form, and precedes the presentation
of the general tables. Table XVII is a summary of table XV. Table XVIII, like
table XVII, deals with establishments as a whole, and shows the efficiency of labor,
by industries. These establishments are additional to those shown in table XV. To
show that high wages and high efficiency usually go together, condensed statements,
drawn from tables XVII and XVIII are given. These minor tables also show quite
clearly the variation in efficiency between different localities.
Cost of living (802 pages).—This division of the report contains a vast amount of
information pertaining to the cost of living of workingmen, given in tabulated form.
The facts were gathered from the heads of families employed in the same establish-
ments from which schedules relating to the cost of production and pay accounts
were obtained.
There are 3,260 families, representing 16,581 individuals, embraced in the tabula-
tions, which are given in six general tables, numbered from XIX to XXIV, inclusive.
A series of tables representing 1,613 families, under the subject of the consumption of
food based on these general tables, is embodied in the text, and presents a scientific
basis of comparison of the quantity and value of food consumed by different-sized
families. In this presentation those families with boarders or with a large number
of children have been excluded. The basis used ascribes a consuming power to the
husband of 100 units; to the wife, 90 units; to children from 11 to 14 years of age,
inclusive, 90 units; to children from 7 to 10, inclusive, 75 units; to children from
4 to 6, inclusive, 40 units, and to children from 1 to 3, inclusive, 15 units; while
children over 14 years of age have been excluded from consideration.
Table XIX exhibits the details of the cost of living for each family in a series of
sub-tables, the workers in pig iron being first taken up, and those of the other indus-
tries following in order.
These sub-tables give a description of the family; the age of husband and wife,
and the age and sex of the children; the yearly income of the individual members of
the family from all sources; the itemized statements of expenditure for food, and,
wherever possible, with the quantity as well; the itemized statements of expendi-
ture other than for food, including whether the family owned the house in which
they lived, or whether the house was hired, or furnished by the employer; the total
cost of living in comparison with the total income, thus showing whether a surplus
had arisen from the year's work, or whether a deficit had occurred; and remarks
which will often throw light upon matters treated of in the preceding tables. Table
XX is a summary of the cost of living, by states and nationalities, for each industry,
drawn from the details of table XIX.
Table XIX recapitulates the state totals found in table XX so that comparisons
between states and countries may be easily made. Table XXII summarizes by
nationalities, in two groups, one representing the United States and the other Europe,
the facts shown in table XX for individual states. Table XXIII brings together the
industry totals of table XXI for the United States and Europe in separate groups to
facilitate comparison, and table XXIV summarizes the facts for all industries com-
bined, by nationalities, in two groups, the United States being one and Europe the
other.
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1891.-[2 VOLS., 2048 PAGES.]
Introduction (5 pages).-The introduction gives an outline of the scope and plan of
the investigation, reviews its difficulties, and defines the meaning of the term cost
of production, as applied to this report. A short table gives, by industries, the num-
ber of establishments embraced in the cost of production tables.
Cost of production (355 pages).-This part of the report relates to the cost of produc-
tion of cotton textiles, cotton yarns, woollen and worsted textiles, woollen and worsted
234
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
}
yarns, linen textiles, silk textiles, window glass, green glass bottles, flint glass
bottles, and lamp chimneys in various establishments in various states and countries.
The facts relating to the cost of production of cotton textiles are presented in 13
sub-tables ranging from A to N showing, respectively, the locality of each establish-
ment; the period of time covered, including the terminal dates and the days of run-
ning time; the kind of power used in running machinery; the operation of picking
and of roving; information as to the kind of carding, whether single or double; the
number of spindles and looms in operation in each establishment; the quality and
quantity of cotton used; the quantity of textiles produced both in pounds and yards;
the per cent. of waste from cotton to finished goods; the total expenditures of each
establishment for materials, labor, officials and clerks, supplies and repairs, water
power, taxes, insurance, interest, and depreciation of value of plant; a description
of each kind of goods and the estimated per cent. of sizing, the production of yarn
per spindle and of cloth per loom, the cost of labor in one yard in detail, the ele-
ments of cost in one yard on account of materials, labor, supplies and repairs, water
power, taxes, insurance, interest, and depreciation of value of plant, and the per
cent. of each element of cost in one yard. The cost of production of cotton yarns is
shown in ten sub-tables, of which the first six present facts analogous to those shown
in the first seven sub-tables relating to cotton textiles, so far as the production of
yarn is concerned.
The remaining tables give a description of each variety of yarn, and separately
the cost of labor in one pound, etc., the clements of cost in one pound, and the per cent.
of each element of cost in one pound. The facts relating to the cost of production
of woollen and worsted goods, and of linen and silk textiles are presented, as far
as applicable, in tables similar in scope and character to those relating to the
cost of production of cotton textiles. The table covering the facts relating to the
cost of production of glass is divided into 48 sub-tables, showing the period of time
covered, the number of blowings made, and the quantity produced; the appliances
of production; the quantity of single and of double strength glass produced; the
quantity and the cost of materials charged into the furnace; the total expenditures
in detail; the various expenditures in one box of 50 square feet of glass, regardless
of size; and the same information regarding all the various sizes, single and double
strength being considered separately. The facts pertaining to the cost of production
of green glass bottles and of flint glass bottles are given in 13 sub-tables showing
for each separately, the period covered and quantity of product; the various ap-
pliances of production; the quantity and cost of materials charged into the fur-
nace; the total expenditures in detail; the cost of materials and certain elements of
cost in one pound of glass; and the cost of materials and the elements of cost in one
gross of bottles. In the tabulation of facts relating to the cost of production of
lamp chimneys, the same form of presentation is used as in the case of green glass and
flint glass bottles, such variations as occur pertaining mainly to the details of labor.
Several short tables presented in connection with the tables relating to the cost of
production of lamp chimneys show the cost of certain other varieties of products,
viz: Headlights, reflectors, lantern globes, and street lamp globes.
Time and earnings (477 pages).-This part of the report treats of the wages and
earnings of workingmen in some of the establishments covered by Part I relating
to the cost of production. The general tables, six in number, are based upon the
payrolls, copies of which were secured in 125 of the 278 establishments represented
in Part I of the report. Table XI gives in a series of sub-tables, for each establish-
ment separately through the several industries, the actual and theoretical time and
earnings. Table XII gives a summary of the details presented in the preceding table,
by occupations; and table XIII summarizes the same facts by industries. Table XIV
shows the actual and theoretical time and earnings in various industries in the
United States, reduced to the uniform basis of one year; table XV, the number of
employés in various industries in the United States, by occupations and groups of
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-WISCONSIN.
235
rates; and table XVI, the number and the percentage of employés without reference
to occupation, in the various industries represented in tables XIV and XV, classified
according to groups of daily rates of pay. The facts exhibited in the last three
tables pertain not only to the textile and glass industries, but for the purpose of
comparison, also to the iron and related industries as reported in the Sixth Annual
Report.
Cost of living (1171 pages).-The data forming the basis of this part of the report were
collected from 5,284 families representing 27,577 persons. Three general tables num-
bered XVII, XVIII, and XIX give, respectively, the cost of living, by families, in the
cotton, woollen, and glass industries, the silk and linen industries not being repre-
sented in this part of the report. Each of these tables gives a description of the
family; the age and the sex of each member of the family; the sources of income;
the expenditure for food, and the expenditure other than for food; the contrasted
income and expenditure; and remarks regarding the general surroundings of each
family. Eleven tables, numbered XX to XXX, are summaries and recapitulations
drawn from the preceding general detail tables. The remaining part of the report
relates to the consumption of food and to the income and expenditure in certain
families similar in their composition and designated as normal. These facts are pre-
sented in a series of fourteen tables and are arranged in various ways, including
recapitulations and summaries by states, by size of family, by industries, and by
objects of expenditure; and for the purpose of comparison of the facts pertaining to
the industries treated of in this report, several tables revised from the Sixth Annual
Report. Several brief tables, preceding the foregoing general tables, give the aver-
age expenditures per family on account of rent, fuel, lighting, clothing, amusements
and vacation, taxes, insurance, organizations, intoxicating liquors, tobacco, food,
religion, charity, and books and newspapers, in various industries and countries as
far as comprehended in this report; the average income per family from all sources,
and average expenditure for all purposes; Dr. Engel's economic law relative to the
proportional expense of living in Prussia, and several illustrations; the results of
investigations by the bureaus of Massachusetts and Illinois, demonstrating the
propositions propounded by Dr. Engel.
WISCONSIN.
FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT, 1883 AND 1881.-[303 PAGES.]
Labor bureaus (19 pages).-This gives a sketch of the establishment of labor bureaus
in the states, with lists of the bureaus; an account of national bureau conventions,
and a copy of the act creating a bureau of labor statistics in the state.
Federal statistics (38 pages).—This comprises statistical tables, from the United
States census of 1880, giving the population of the state by counties, for each
decade, from 1840 to 1880; the population, by counties, according to nationality, sex,
age periods, and color; the population, by occupations, according to sex, nativity, and
age periods; the population, by minor civil divisions; the number of manufacturing
establishments, by counties and industries, their capital, the number of employés,
according to sex and age periods; the amount paid in wages, the value of raw
materials and of the product, with a recapitulation, and the same information for
Milwaukee alone; the number and value of farms in the state, by counties, the
number of acres of improved land, the value of live stock, the value of farming
implements and machinery, and the amount and value of farm productions by
articles; and for a number of selected industries, the proportion using steam and
water power.
Wisconsin state prison and other institutions; convict labor (34 pages).-This is devoted
to a consideration of the different penal and reformatory institutions of the state,
:
236
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
-
with illustrative tables giving the number of prisoners in the United States, by
states, and the number at work, classified by sex and by method of employment;
the fixed task of prisoners at the state prison, showing how labor is divided; the
earnings of free labor in the manufacture of boots and shoes; the number of boys
committed to the state industrial school since its organization, by counties, each
year, from 1860 to 1884, and the factory product of said school, by articles, for the year
ending October 1, 1884; the number of commitments to the Milwaukee county house
of correction, by crimes committed and by former occupations, and the number of
illiterates among them, by nationality, the social relations and drinking habits of the
convicts, and a copy of the contract for prison labor.
Apprentices, etc. (28 pages).-This discusses the apprenticeship system, industrial
education, the truck system of wages, the relation between employer and employé,
the subject of working-girls, etc.
Trades and labor unions (22 pages).—This gives an account of the principal labor
organizations in the state.
Strikes (18 pages).-This gives a brief account of the most important strikes
which occurred in the state in recent years, with reference to their causes, duration,
and results.
Natural diversity of occupations (19 pages).-This presents a consideration of various
subjects relating to labor, such as diversity of occupations, child labor, laws
of the state regulating hours of labor; hours of labor of women and children;
relating to mechanics' and to contractors' liens; securing the wages of railroad
laborers; the wages of laborers, etc., on Milwaukee public works; and providing
for exemption from execution and attachment. A short table gives, by counties,
the number of three-story factories in the state with and without fire escapes. A
consideration of the free schools and compulsory education is also given.
Bureau statistics of manufacturers, by counties, 1884 (33 pages).-Under this heading
are given statistical tables showing, by counties and industries, the number of
establishments, the number of employés (male and female), their average weekly
wages, the amount of capital invested, the value of the raw material and of the
product, the number of weeks in operation, etc., with a recapitulation by counties;
for a number of selected industries, the number of establishments and the capital
invested, the number of employés and their aggregate wages, and the number of
wage-earners, by counties, classified as apprentices, married males, married females,
males over 14, females over 14, etc.
State products (17 pages).-This is a textual and statistical consideration of differ-
ent industries of the state. The tables give the log product, by districts, for 1883-'84 ;
a list of lumber mills showing the lumber and shingle cut in 1883, and the number
of logs left in mills or store booms; the production of liquors and cigars, and the
amount of revenue collected, by districts, in 1883; and the number of men, classified
by occupations, and their wages, employed by each of the several railroad compa-
nies of the state.
Prices, earnings, etc. (36 pages).-This comprises statistical tables with textual com-
ments, giving the prices of food, clothing, fuel, and other articles in the state, each
year, from 1880 to 1884; the daily wages of a large number of workingmen, by occu-
pations, each year, from 1880 to 1884; from consular reports, the prices of food at
Liverpool, Vienna, Chicago, and Milwaukee, in 1884; the weekly wages of working-
men in similar occupations at London, Vienna, Chicago, and Milwaukee in 1884; the
price of wood and coal at Milwaukee each month, from 1880 to 1884; the amount
of capital, the total amount of wages paid, and the products of 333 establishments
considering the tariff beneficial and of 64 establishments considering it detrimental;
the number of business failures in the state each year, from 1880 to 1884, with the
amount of assets and liabilities; extracts from Bradstreet's, showing the estimated
number of employés in 1882, in various states and cities, compared with 1880, and
the number of persons engaged in strikes in the United States in 1882.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS-WISCONSIN.
237
Report on the Pullman investigation (24 pages).-Under this topic is presented a joint
report by the chiefs and commissioners of the various bureaus of labor of an inves-
tigation of the economic experiment conducted by the Pullman Palace Car Com-
pany. The sketch includes its history, methods of construction, a table showing its
growth in population, and a brief discussion of wages, rents, living expenses, health,
etc.
SECOND BIENNIAL REPORT, 1885 AND 1886.—[578 PAGES.]
Introduction (52 pages).-This contains a textual consideration of various matters of
interest to employés, suggested by the investigations which were undertaken.
Factory, hotel, labor, and lien laws (42 pages).—This chapter gives copies of the laws
of the state relating to labor, factories, hotels, liens, building and loan associations,
and a copy of the act creating the bureau of labor statistics, as enacted in 1885. The
laws quoted regulate hours of labor; the hours of labor of women and children;
require fire escapes for factories, etc., and doors in factories, etc., to swing outward;
relate to employment of apprentices; secure wages of laborers, etc., on Milwaukee
public works; provide for exemption of wages from execution; secure wages in cases
of assignment; prohibit intimidation of voters; provide for exemption from execu-
tion and attachment; for protection of children; relate to liability of stockholders
for laborers' wages; secure wages of railroad laborers; relate to mechanics' liens;
to laborers' liens upon lumber; to liens for board and lodging; to liens against
ships, boats, and vessels; and to building and loan associations.
Distributive and industrial cooperation (74 pages).-This is a historical and descriptive
sketch of cooperation in various European countries and Australia, based on the
report of Carroll D. Wright, chief of the Massachusetts bureau of labor statistics.
Short tables throughout the text give the membership of the Rochdale Pioneers, the
total amount of their funds, profits, and the amount of business done, each year, from
1844 to 1867; the profits of the productive departments of the English cooperative
wholesale society in 1883, and a list of productive societies in Great Britain, with
date of organization, yearly sales, profits, etc., in 1884.
Cooperation in the United States (76 pages).This gives a sketch of a large number of
associations in various states of the Union conducted on a cooperative basis.
Cooperation in Wisconsin (45 pages) —This gives an account of the different coopera-
tive enterprises of the state, including a table which gives, by industries, the num-
ber of firms and employés, classified according to whether the manufacturers
answered yes or no to the inquiry relative to the desirability and practicability of
cooperation.
Strikes and industrial disturbances (77 pages).-Under this heading is given a consid-
eration of most of the labor troubles which occurred in the state, from January 1,
1885, to September 1, 1886. A table compiled from the returns of 2,000 employers
gives a list of strikes, by industries, and localities, showing the number of employés
involved and their gain and loss in wages, the cause of each strike, its duration and
result. A copy of the scale of prices agreed upon by journeymen tailors and their
employers, of Milwaukee, is also given.
The eight-hour day (58 pages).-This gives an account of the agitation in the state
for an eight-hour labor day. It consists mainly of a detailed account of the Milwau-
kee riot, May, 1886, with a list of the killed and wounded, and of those convicted of
offences in connection therewith, and extracts from laws relating to riots, etc.
Boycotting in Wisconsin (18 pages).-This gives an account of boycotting in the state
during the past year, 1885-'86, together with views of employers on the boycott.
Arbitration tribunals (26 pages). This gives a sketch of arbitration in various Euro-
pean countries and in different states of the Union, including abstracts of laws relat-
ing to arbitration, opinions of employers and employés, and a tabular record of those
employers of the state who expressed views for or against arbitration, showing the
238
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
--
number of firms and nature of business done, and the number of employés, by
industries.
Foreign immigration (15 pages).—This is a brief consideration of immigration into
the United States, and of the necessity for its restriction. Extracts from views of
employers are given, and tables showing the number of immigrants landed each
year, from 1820 to 1886; the foreign born population engaged in agriculture and manu-
factures, from 1870 and 1880, and by firms, the kind of persons they would exclude,
and the qualifications they would require of those admitted.
Wisconsin workingmen (15 pages).—This gives extracts from views of workingmen
on different phases of the labor problem, and a table giving, for individuals, their
occupation, residence, yearly earnings, hours of labor, the number of days employed
during the year, the number in family, the number owning homes, their yearly
expenses in detail, etc.
Miscellaneous matters (15 pages). This gives an account of bonus agreements and
cut-throat contracts, including specimens of some of them used by corporations in
Milwaukee, and a consideration of convict labor in the state.
Manufacturers' returns (26 pages). This comprises statistical tables, compiled from
the sworn returns of employers, giving, by establishments and industries, the number
of employés (men, women, and children) and their wages and hours of labor for 1885
and 1886; a summary of wages, by industries, for 1885; and a summary showing in-
dustries in which female and child labor are employed, with their number and the
proportion they bear to the whole number of employés in 1886.
Report of the state factory inspector (36 pages). This gives the report of the state
factory inspector, covering portions of the years 1885 and 1886.
THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT, 1887 AND 1888.-[398 PAGES.]
Introduction (24 pages).—This is a textual consideration of the work of the bureau,
and of various matters of interest to workingmen, including lists of industries
arranged according to aggregates of wages paid and to number of employés, and a
table giving average wages, by localities.
Trade notes, remarks and suggestions by Wisconsin wageworkers (115 pages). This gives
extracts from remarks made by workingmen concerning immigration, home owner-
ship, labor organization, improvement of the trades, general legislation, trade notes,
and contracts.
Individual and trade statistics; tabulated returns of Wisconsin wageworkers (96 pages).—
This embraces five statistical tables giving, for individuals, their occupations, loca-
tion, earnings, hours of labor, nativity, age, conjugal condition, number owning
homes, their wages, and method and frequency of payment; their earnings, time cm-
ployed, and increase or decrease of wages in ten years; their product per day of hand
and machine labor; their ages at beginning work, the length of their apprenticeship,
etc.; and the peculiarities of their occupation, the bodily ailments peculiar to their
trade, the cost of tools, etc.
Employers' statistics (26 pages). This comprises statistical tables giving, by indus-
tries, the number of employés and their average daily wages, annual earnings, time
lost and time employed, by occupations; the number of establishments, by industries;
the number of their employés (male and female), and the total amount paid in wages;
the number of employés and aggregate wages paid in 1887, in 44 wholesale establish-
ments in Milwaukee, by industries; and the aggregate wages, by localities, the num-
ber of establishments and of employés in 1887, with the population of the places, ac-
cording to the state census of 1885.
Synopsis of reports of inspection (124 pages).-This gives a tabular statement of estab-
lishments inspected, including factories, shops, and wholesale stores, showing the
kind of power used in factories, and the number of employés, etc.; and of hotels,
boardinghouses, etc., giving the average number of guests, and of servants.
:.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS—WISCONSIN.
239
*
ད
FOURTH BIENNIAL REPORT, 1888 AND 1889.-[331 Pages.]
Introductory (3 pages).—Under this head are embraced brief textual statements con-
cerning the work of the bureau and the industrial condition of the state.
Statistics of the building trades (120 pages). This chapter gives the result of an in-
vestigation concerning the condition of wage-earners in the building trades, based
upon the answers of 248 contractors, the written statements of 538 workingmen, the
inquiries and direct reports of the secretaries of master builders' associations, the
personal investigations by officers of the bureau, and copies of payrolls of 142 firms.
The text gives selected replies of workingmen concerning the condition of trade,
home ownership, and their present condition as compared with that in the old
country. The tables based on returns from individual workingmen give for each, by
bccupations, his location, total yearly earnings, daily income, and number of days lost
during the year. Other tables give the number of rainy days and the number of days
the wind attained a velocity of 25 miles an hour at Milwaukee, each month, from
1887 to 1889; the ages at which 274 native and 251 foreign born workingmen entered
their trades; the number of workingmen, native or foreign born, over 25 years of age,
by ages, owning homes; the number of workingmen classified by annual earnings,
showing the number and proportion owning homes; and a statement of foreign born
workingmen, showing the monthly wages received in Europe, as compared with Wis-
consin, for 26 days' work, their possible earnings in their native countries, with steady
employment, as compared with their actual earnings at the trades in Wisconsin, from
May 1, 1888, to May 1, 1889, and their possible annual earnings in Wisconsin, work-
ing 310 days. Tables based on returns from employers give, by location and occu-
pation, the number of workingmen classified according to their hourly earnings; the
average earnings per hour and per year of 225 ten-hour work days and the average
daily income for 365 days; the number and proportion of apprentices to journeymen
as reported by contractors in each trade; copies of payrolls of 138 contractors show-
ing the amount paid in wages each month during the year 1889 by each, with a re-
capitulation showing by months the total amount paid in wages and the number and
per cent. of the men working and idle. Tables for each of a number of industries
show, by localities, the average wages of workingmen, with a recapitulation showing
the number of workingmen reported, classified according to occupations and hourly
earnings. Tables compiled from returns made by officers of builders' exchanges
show, by occupations, the average wages of workingmen in 39 cities located in all
parts of the United States compared with those paid in Milwaukee.
Statistics of manufactures (54 pages).-This chapter gives statistical tables showing, by
industries, the number and per cent. of workingmen reported, classified according to
their daily wages, with a recapitulation by industries, accompanied by a diagram
showing for all industries the per cent. of workingmen, classified according to their
daily wages. Other tables give, by industries, the number of establishments, the
total amount paid in wages in 1888 and 1889, the wages paid by new firms and the
increase in the amount paid in wages in 1889 over 1888; the annual earnings per em-
ployé in each industry, computed by dividing the total amount paid in wages by the
total number of employés; the relative importance of 62 leading industries accord-
ing to the total and percentage amount paid in wages; and a record of the loss by
fire in each industry each year, from 1885 to 1889. A table compiled from direct cor-
respondence of the bureau with foreign authorities shows the average daily earn-
ings, the hours of labor, and the purchasing power of a day's labor of a blacksmith
in wheat bread, meat, pork, and butter. A table compiled for and presented at the
seventh annual convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor, 1889, shows the relative
purchasing power of the daily wages of a blacksmith in the same commodities in
Wisconsin and in foreign countries.
Synoptical report of inspection of factories and workshops (145 pages).-Under this head
are given statements of the condition of each establishment inspected, the number
#
240
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
of employés (male and female), and the power employed; tables showing, by indus-
tries and also by localities, the amounts spent for new factory building improve-
ments during the years 1888 and 1889; the relative importance of 23 leading
branches of industry, based upon the number of employés; by localities, the num-
ber and nature of accidents occurring, with a recapitulation according to the nature
of the accidents; a statement of orders issued to hotels, public halls, etc.; and an
index to firms and corporations embraced in this report.
Bureaus of labor statistics (1 page).-A list of bureaus of labor statistics and the
name and post office address of the chief or commissioner of each.
Development of manufacturing industries.-Two detached sheets show for Milwaukee
and for the whole state the number of establishments established in each year, from
1836 to 1890, in each industry.
R
2
:
3
Subjects.
A.
INDEX.
Bureau report.
State.
Year.
Page
of
this
Page.
book.
Abandoned farms. (See Farms abandoned.)
Academies and colleges, statistics of....
Academies, seminaries, and female colleges, statistics of.
Accident insurance, statistics of...
Accidents and inspection of factories, consideration of....
Accidents, couflagrations, and boiler explosions, statistics of.
Accidents, consideration of..
Accidents, fatal, in mines, duties of coroners in, law defining
(Great Britain).
-
Accidents in anthracite coal mines, statistics of..
Accidents in coal mines statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of
Accidents in coal mines, statistics of, (inspectors' reports.).
Accidents in factories
Pa....
Pa
N.J..
1872-73
1873-74
162-165
183
125
186
-
-
1888
225-230
143
Coun..
1885
87-91
17
Ohio.
1831
101-109
172
Me...
1890
170, 171
62
Pa
Pa...
1881-82
214, 215
203
Pa
1875-76
471-487
191
Ill
1881-82
12, 13, 76
24
ni
1883-84
429, 430
27
Ill
1885-86
544, 559-622
30
ות
1887-88
350-442
31
Ill.
1889-90
297-304
32
Mo
1888
125
118
Pa.
1879-80
299-316
200
Pa.
1881-82
37a-163a
203
Pa
1882-83
33a-153a
204
Pa.
1884
4a-239a 206
Pa
1885
-
Pa.
.
1886
3a-3046
2a-220b 208
207
Pa.
1887
141-9W
209
Ill
1889-90
310-380
32
-
Mo....
1880
166-168
110
Accidents in factories, consideration of
Accidents in factories, statistics of ….
Accidents in factories, statistics of
Accidents in factories, statistics of .
Mass..
1872
421-431
69
Mo...
1884
157-222
113
Pa
1890
23-33
212
Pa..
1891
2E-9E, SOE-
213
97E.
Accidents in factories, statistics of .
Accidents in factories to be reported, law requiring.
Accidents in factories to be reported, law requiring.
Accidents in factories to be reported, law requiring.
Accidents in factories to be reported, law requiring.
Accidents in factories to be reported, law requiring.
Accidents in factories to be reported, Jaw requiring..
Accidents in factories to be reported, law requiring (Massa-
chusetts).
Accidents in factories to be reported, law requiring (Massa-
chusetts).
Accidents in mills, digest of English laws concerning.
Accidents in mines, statistics of
Wis
1888-89
127a-129a
240
Mass
1890
52
94
·
N. J ..
1885
358, 359
137
N.J..
1891
35.36
146
N. Y..
1887
762-764
153
N. Y..
1889
806-812
155
Ohio..
1890
*25
181
Minn. 1889-90
170
107
R. I...
1888
181
216
Mass
1874
157-159
71
Minu. 1889-90
348, 349
108
Accidents in mines, statistics of.
Accidents in mines, statistics of.
Accidents in mines, statistics of.
Mo
1889
110-119
118
Mo
1890
Pa... 1876-77
+5-69
120
209. 217, 302,
195
303, 312
Accidents in mines, statistics of..
Pa... 1877-78 86-166, 182-201,
196
272-335
Accidents in mines, statistics of.
Pa... 1878-79
23, 488-495,
197
500. 654, 655
Accidents in mines, statistics of...
Pa.... 1880-81
442-445, 486,
202
487, 542, 543,
578, 579
Accidents in mines, statistics of..
Pa..
1885
13a-304b
207
Accidents in various industries, account of
Accidents in various industries, account and statistics of
Accidents in various industries, returns on
-
Ohio..
1883
94–109, 253–254
174
+
Ohio..
1882
205–210,319–325
174
Ohio.
1885
40-44
176
Accidents, railroad, American and foreign, statistics of………….
Accidents, railroad, in the state and Great Britain, statistics Mass
and canses of.
N.J..
1888
1-74
141
1883
68-86
82
Accidents, railroad, in United States and United Kingdom,
statistics of, 1874-'90.
Mich
1892
306
105
Accidents, railroad, law providing security against......
Ohio..
1890
*50, 51
181
* Appendix.
† Vol. II.
241
13400———16
242
OF LABOR.
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Accidents, railroad, law providing security against (Ohio)
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of..
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Colo.. 1889-90
Colo.. 1887-88
24
16
218
15
Colo.. 1889-90
19-21
16
Ind...
1881
385-387
35
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
-
Ind...
· 1882
198, 199
36
Ind...
1883
226, 227
37
Ind.
1884
304, 305
38
Ind
1885-86
394, 397
39
Ind.
1887-88
264, 391, 392
40
Ind... 1889-90 408, 109, 441, 442
42
Iowa 1884-85
279
43
+
Iowa 1888-89
225
46
Iowa 1890-91
203
47
Kans.
1885
262-266
49
Kans
1887
290
53
Kans
1888
292
54
Accidents, railroad, statistics of.
Accidents, railroad, statistics of, 1887 ..
Me...
1887
88
58
Nebr.. 1887-88
357-375
123
Accounts, home, instructions to workingmen for keeping
Acreage and number of farms occupied by owners or tenants,
by counties.
Acreage and value of farm lands, by counties
Acreage and value of farms (farmers' returns)
Acreage and value of farms (farmers' returns).
Acreage and value of farms (farmers' returns)
Acreage and value of farms (farmers' returns)
Acreage of improved and unimproved land, by counties.
Acreage of improved and unimproved land, by counties.
Acreage of improved and unimproved land, by counties..
Acreage of improved and unimproved land, by counties.
Administrators or executors, number of, by counties, 1870...
Adulteration of food. (See Food, adulteration of.)
Advertisements for help and positions, consideration of..
Advertisements for help and situations in certain cities, sta-
tistics of.
Nebr
1889-90
55-78
123
Pa....
1889
206 A-223 A
210
N. J
1890
326-341
146
N. C
1888
386-397
158
- ·
N. C
1889
16-23
158
N.C..
1890
220-223
159
N.C..
1891
10-121
160
Mich
1888
8-83
101
·
Mo
1881
*64
111
Mo..
1882
143-146
111
Pa...
1873-74
50,51
185
Ind..
1881
285-289
35
N. Y..
1886
26-57
150
Mo...
1890
40-49
119
Advertisements for help and situations in certain cities, sta-
tistics of.
Μο
1891
58-69
120
Advertising, official, in labor papers, law requiring
Afflicted classes, census statistics of..
N. J
1891
594, 595
118
Mass
1877
155-181
75
Age and nativity of employés in certain trades.
N. J.
1889
74-103
144
Age and sex of unemployed.
Mass
1887
5-151
88
Age and sex of working people of United States (Census,
1880).
Pa...
1881-82
91-129
203
Age, nationality, and sex of working people in United States,
statistics of.
Mo..
1886
180-227
115
Age of employés in agricultural implement and iron-work-
ing industrica.
Mich..
1891
2-408
104
Age of employés when entering certain trades
N. J..
1889'
46-73
144
Age of persons admitted to public schools, law relating to
Age of workingwomen at beginning work, by cities and in-
dustries.
N. J..
1888
641
144
U. S..
1888
120-179
225
Age of workingwomen, by cities and industries
U. S..
1888
80-119
225
Age, sex, and nativity of children employed in various indus-
tries,
Age, present, and when began work, of employés in furniture
industry.
Mich
1890
2-276
103
R. I..
1891
63-152
217
Age when employés are incapacitated in certain trades, sta-
tistics of.
N. J..
1889
132-210
144
Age when employés are incapacitated in certain trades, sta-
tistics of.
N. J..
1891
201-203
147
Age when employés begin to decline in certain trades..
Ages of married women and mothers
N. J
1889
74-210
144
Mass
1878
146-158
76
Ages of parties to marriage, legislation of states and terri-
tories relating thereto.
U.S..
1889
28-31
226
Agreements, articles of, of coal miners and iron and steel
Mass
1881
10-63
79
workers (Pennsylvania).
Agreements between manufacturers and employés to prevent
strikes.
Conu
1890
129-261
21
Agricultural depression, causes of
Iowa
1890-91
6-13
47
Agricultural depression, causes of (farmers' returns)
Pa...
1889
1A-205 A
210
Agricultural development of the state, consideration of.
N. J
1878
61-121
125
Agricultural exports, value of, 1860–1885...
TT. S
1885
249
2.19
Agricultural implement and iron-working industries, statis-
tics of.
Mich
1891
1-451
104
Agricultural implement industry, wages of employés in..
Agricultural implement manufacture, capital invested, value
of products, etc., in.
Pa....
1888
81C
210
Ohio..
. 1890
85
181
Agricultural implements, prices of, 1870-1890
Agricultural implements, prices of, 1870-1889.
Pa.
Pa..
1889
1890
224 A
210
5A. 6A
211
Agricultural labor. (See Farm labor.)
Agricultural implements, returns of manufacturers of...
Ohio.. 1880
1137-1143
170
Agricultural laborers. (See Farm laborers.)
INDEX OF LABOR 243
BUREAU BUREAU
REPORTS.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Agricultural machinery and implement industry, returns of..] Ohio
Agricultural machinery and implement industry, returns of.. Ohio
Agricultural machinery, cost of, and value of products com-
pared.
Agricultural, manufacturing, and other statistics
Agricultural, mechanical, and manufacturing industries, sta-
tistics of.
Agricultural products. (See Farm products.)
Agricultural pursuits. cousideration of..
Agricultural rank of the different states
Agricultural resources and advantages of the state, consid-
eration of.
Agricultural societies, county, reports from..
Agricultural society, state, organization and history of
Agriculture and manufactures, comparative growth of
Agriculture and manufactures. statistics of
Agriculture and manufactures, statistics of.
Pa...
1882
135-141
173
1884
17-27
175
Ind...
1881
166, 167
35
Cal..
1885-86
645-746
11
Cal... 1883-84
106-128
7
Mass
Cal.. 1883-84
N.J..
1871
154-171
68
244
8
1879
1-21
127
1874-75
66-117
188
Pa.
Mass
1874-75
46-66
188
1890
212-247
95
-
N. J ..
1881
141-247
130
Pa..
1873-74
49-57
185
Agriculture, certain products of, by counties
Agriculture, consideration of...
Cal
1885-86
36-39
9
Pa..
1874-75
35-122
188
Agriculture, consideration and statistics of
Agriculture, farmers' returns on
Agriculture, farmers' returns on
Agriculture, manufacturing, and mining, statistics of.
Μο
1879
25-51
108
Mo
1880
249-284
110
N. J
1879
144-152
127
Mich.. 1885
405-410
98
Agriculture, statistics of
Cal ... 1883–84
170-184
7,8
Agriculture, statistics of
Cal
1885-86
34-66
9
Agriculture, statistics of
Conn.. 1888
137-263
20
Agriculture, statistics of
Ill.
1881-82
XVII. XVIII
24
Agriculture, statistics of
Ind..
1879
73-147
32
Agriculture, statistics of
Ind
1880
40-167
34
Agriculture, statistics of
Ind.
1881
1-133
34
Agriculture, statistics of
Ind.
1882
1-153
35
Agriculture, statistics of
Ind.
1883
11-80
36
Agriculture, statistics of
Ind... 1884
VII-137
38
Agriculture, statistics of
Ind... 1885-86
1-268
39
Agriculture, statistics of
Ind..
1887-88
XXX-LIV
40
150-197.266-311
Agriculture, statistics of
Agriculture, statistics of
Ind. 1889-90
Iowa.. 1884–85
8-15, 73-179
41
360, 361
44
Agriculture, statistics of.
Me
1890
7-135
61
Agriculture, statistics of.
Mass
1872
21-47
69
Agriculture, statistics of.
Mich
1886
186
99
Agriculture, statistics of.
Mich
1888
8-383
101
Agriculture, statistics of.
Mo
1884
57-89
112
Agriculture, statistics of.
Nebr. 1857-88 345-349. 379-386
122
Agriculture, statistics of
N.J..! 1882
399-400
132
Agriculture, statistics of.
N.D.. 1889-90
53-72
161
Agriculture, statistics of.
Ohio.. 1877
313-321
163
Agriculture, statistics of.
Agriculture, statistics of.
Pa.. 1872-73
34-46
182
Pa.
1879-80
162-177
200
Agriculture, statistics of (farmers' returns)
Agriculture, statistics of (farmers' returns)
Agriculture, statistics of (farmers' returns)
Agriculture, statistics of (farmers' returns)
Aid to railroads (See Railroads, aid to).
Air, fresh, how much required..
N.C
1888
381-423
158
N. C
1889
16-141
158
N.C
1890
220-314
159
-
N.C.. 1891
10-121
160
Mass
Air pressure, ventilation and safety lamps in coal mines, con-
sideration of.
1874
Pa.... 1875-70
115-117
71
466-470
191
Air space in mills, average of ….
Mass
1874
114. 115
71
Aliens and citizens in the state, statistics of, 1885
Mass
1888
119-225
90
Aliens and citizens, number of....
R. I..
1890
I-317
217
Aliens and naturalized persons, number of, by occupations
R. T.
1890
220-305
217
Alimony and children, divorces relative to, statistics of, 1867– . U. S
1889
207-212
227
1886.
Allegheny valley, industries of, statistics of...
l'a..
1875-76
181-227
191
Almshouses (See Asylumns, poor).
Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, forma-
tion of.
Mass
1881
13
79
Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, his-
Pa..
1887
1G-27G
209
tory of.
Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, scales
Pa....
1887
15 G-23 G
209
of wages adopted by,
Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners, history and
Coun
1891
1385, 1386
22
statistics of.
Amendment to state constitution relating to liens
Minu
American Federation of Labor, resolutions of, on eight-hour
day.
Ohio.
1889-90
1890
353
108
31,32
181
Analyses and production of iron ore, by counties.
Pa. 1882-83
3.4
203
Analyses and production of iron ore, by counties.
Pa
1884
91-93
205
Analyses of anthracite coal.
Pa
1873-74
206-208
187
Analyses of bituminons coal..
Analyses of bituminous coal.
Analyses of coal in various counties.
Pa
1874-75
256-270
189
U. S
1890
-
206-208
232
Mo...
1883
107-109! 112
244
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
State.
of
this
Year.
Page.
book.
Analyses of iron ore
Analyses of iron ore.
Pa...
1875-76
501-505
192
U. S..
1890
43-46
231
Animals, diseases of domestic
Animals, diseases of domestic.
Animals, diseases of domestic
Animals, number of domestic....
Ind..
1880
292-294
34
Ind...
1881
42-45
·
Ind
Ind.. 1885-86
34
XXXIX, XL
39
-
-
Apprentice system, consideration of.
Apprentices and employers, law relating to.
Appeals from judgments of justices of the peace in suits for
wages, law regulating.
Appeals from judgments of justices of the peace in suits for
wages, law regulating.
Appeals from orders of inspection department of district po-
lice, law providing for (Massachusetts).
Apprentice law
Apprentice schools, consideration of.
Apprentice system and child labor, consideration of.
Apprentice system, consideration of.
Apprentices and employers, law relating to (amended)
Apprentices and journeymen, relative number of, in certain
trades.
1881
1879-80
45
34
438, 439
200
Pa....
Pa.... 1880-81
596, 597
202
Minn
1889-90
182
108
Colo.
1887-88
483-487
16
N. Y..
1886
390-392
151
N. Y.
1886
19-221
150
Mo..
1880
153-158
109
Mo
1881
16-19
110
N. Y..
1884
390-393
149
N. Y..
1889
786
155
N. Y..
1886
113-118
151
· -
Apprentices, indenturing of, law relating to (Rhode Island)..
Apprentices in various industries, statistics of..
Apprentices in various industries (workingmen's returns)
Apprentices, law relating to...
Apprentices, law relating to..
N. Y.
1884
438-442
149
Kans.
1890
122, 123
56
-
Ohio..
1884
253-261
175
*-
Conn. 1887
Iowa 1890-91
148-151,
148-151, 255-260
18
241
48
Apprentices, law relating to..
Apprentices, law relating to.
Apprentices, law relating to..
Apprentices, law relating to.
Apprentices, law relating to..
Apprentices, law relating to.
Apprentices, law relating to.
Apprentices, law relating to.
Apprentices, law relating to..
Apprentices, law relating to..
Md
1884-85
223-227
64
Mo
1883
58-63
111
•
Mo
1884
119-124
112
-
Mo
1885
195-200
115
-
Mo..
1886
254-258
116
N. J ..
·
•
1885
378-384
137
N. Y..
1886
66-89
151
N.C..
1888
•
211, 212
158
Ohio..
1886
334-336
178
·
R. I...
1887
89-93
215
Apprentices, law relating to..
R. I...
1888
199-203
216
Apprentices, law relating to.
R. I..
1889
·
206-210, 213
217
Apprentices, law relating to..
Apprentices, law relating to, in various states'.
Apprentices, law relating to (Illinois).
Apprentices, proportion of, to journeymen, in various indus-
tries.
Apprentices, regulations of trades unions concerning
Apprentices, reports of manufacturers employing
Wis
N. Y..
N.C.. 1888
1885-86
7-12
237
1884
414-416
149
238-251
158
Wis
1888-89
69
239
·
Cal.. 1887-88
215-218
12
Apprentices, statistics of.
Mo...
Mo.
1882
1884
21-23
111
168-217
113
Apprentices, time of service as, in various industries
• *
N.J.. 1880
6-15
128
Apprentices, trade and labor organizations' returns on
Apprentices, wages of.
Ohio.. 1881
98-100
172
Cal... 1887-88
217-219
12
Apprenticeship, consideration of.
Me
1888
20-35
59
Apprenticeship in Europe, consideration of
N. Y..
1886
204-215
-
151
Apprenticeship in glass blower's trade, consideration of
Apprenticeship, laws relating to
N. J
1890
415-436
148
•
Ill . . . .
1881-82
410, 411
25
Apprenticeship, laws relating to
Kans
1886
458-461
51
Apprenticeship question and industrial schools, views of T.
V. Powderly on.
Apprenticeship, policy and regulations of labor organiza-
tions regarding.
N.J..
1887
188-194
140
Ohio..
1888
269-272
180
Apprenticeship question and industrial schools, views of
Jas. H. Smart, and T. V. Powderly on.
Mich
1889
280-297
102
Apprenticeship question and industrial schools, views of
Jas. H. Smart, and T. V. Powderly on.
Apprenticeship question and industrial schools, views of
Jas. H. Smart, and T. V. Powderly on.
Apprenticeship question, consideration of….
Apprenticeship question, how to settle the, letter by T. V.
Powderly.
Apprenticeship, rules of trades unions and labor organiza-
tions on.
Apprenticeship system and child labor in various industries
Minn. 1889-90
277-288
108
R. I...
1888
158-173
216
N.C.. 1888
Colo.. 1887-88
211-251
158
25-31
15
N. Y..
1886
136-199
151
Wis.. 1887-88
165-188
238
(employés' returns).
Apprenticeship system, consideration of
Cal ..
Apprenticeship system, consideration of.
Apprenticeship system, consideration of.
Ohio..
1887-88
1878
193-226
12
301-307
166
Wis..
1883-84
91-105
236
Apprenticeship system, opinions of workingmen on
Apprenticeship, term of, in certain trades….
▼
Pa.... 1889
49E-56E
211
Apprenticeship, term of, in various trades (employers' re-
turns).
N. Y
N. C..
1886
109, 110
151
1889
272-276
159
Appropriation, relief, act of 1890.
Appropriations and valuations in Fall River, Lowell, and
Lawrence.
Mass
N.D.. 1889-90
1882
227
162
250-252
81
}

INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
245

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subject.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Arbitration and conciliation, board of fprud'hommes], law
establishing a, at Geneva, Switzerland.
Arbitration and conciliation, consideration of..
Arbitration and conciliation, history of, by Carroll D.
Wright, 1881.
Arbitration and conciliation, industrial...
Arbitration and conciliation, industrial, consideration of.
Arbitration and conciliation, industrial, consideration of.
Arbitration and conciliation, industrial, in Cincinnati.
Arbitration and conciliation, industrial in Cincinnati.
Arbitration and conciliation, industrial, in Pennsylvania,
Ohio, and New York.
Arbitration and conciliation, report of Massachusetts
state board of, 1887.
Arbitration and conciliation, results of.
Arbitration and conciliation, state board of, expert assistants
appointed by, law relating to.
Colo.. 1887-88
500-510
16
N. J
1879
Nebr. 1887-88
231-274
127
123-136
122
Mass
1877
1-49
74
Kans
1885
71-87
48
Pa...
1878-79
122-169
197
Ohio..
1882
255-261
174
Ohio..
1883
228-235
175
Mass
1881
1-75
79
Nebr 1887-88
119-123
122
Ohio.. 1890
Mass. 1891
27-39
XXV, XXVI
181
24
95
Arbitration and strikes, consideration of..
Arbitration and strikes, consideration of.
Arbitration and strikes, consideration of.
Iowa. 1884-85
145-181
43
Mich
1886
132-134
99
Ohio..
1881
195-217
173
Arbitration and strikes, consideration and statistics
Arbitration, board of, Straiton & Storm.
Arbitration, board of, Straiton & Storm
Arbitration, boards of, consideration of..
Arbitration, boards of, law establishing.
Arbitration, Cincinnati board of, rules of.
Arbitration, consideration of..
Md... 1886-87
47-86
64
Mass.
1881
63-73
79
N. Y..
1885
375-388
150
Mich
1885
38-50
97
-
Kans.
1886
483-485
51
Ohio..
1885
235-238
177
Colo
1887-88
153-191
15
Arbitration, consideration of.
Arbitration, consideration of.
Μο
1885
27-35
113
Μο
1886
11-27
115
Arbitration, consideration of.
Arbitration, consideration of.
Arbitration, consideration of.
Mo
1837
9-15
116
Nebr. 1887-88
115-157
122
Arbitration, consideration of.
Ohio..
Ohio.. 1873
1877
263-280
163
65-70
164
Arbitration, consideration of.
Ohio.. 1879
60-70
167
Arbitration, consideration of.
Ohio.. 1885
229-254
177
Arbitration, constitutional provision for
Colo.. 1887-83
488
16
-
Arbitration in coal regions, account of.
Arbitration in England, consideration of.
Pa..
1872-73
355-364
184
N. T..
1835
372-375
150
Arbitration in France and Switzerland, consideration of
Arbitration in the state and foreign countries, consideration
of.
N. Y
1885
431-139
150
N. Y..
1885
363-175
150
Arbitration in United States and Europe, consideration of..
Arbitration, law providing for..
Wis.
1885-86
390-415
237
Iowa
1890-91
242-245
48
Arbitration, law providing for
Arbitration, law providing for
Arbitration, law providing for
Arbitration, law providing for
Arbitration, law providing for.
Arbitration, law providing for.
Arbitration, law providing for.
Arbitration, law providing for.
Mass
1890
53-57
94
-
-
Mo.. 1883
58
111
-
Mo
1884
119
112
N. J
1885
352-253
137
-
N. J
1886
434, 435
140
N. J
1891
45-47, 577-581 146.148
N. Y
1887
720-724, 736–741
153
Ohio.. 1879
312
169
Arbitration, law providing for.
Ohio.. 1880
1382
172
Arbitration, law providing for.
Ohio.. 1884
295-298
176
Arbitration, law providing for.
Ohio.. 1885
238-241
177
Arbitration, law providing for.
Ohio..
1886
329-332
178
Arbitration, law providing for.
Ohio..
1890
*15-19
181
Arbitration, law providing for...
Pa..
1982-83
160a-167a
204
Arbitration, law providing for (Great Britain).
Ohio.
1877
270-272
163
Arbitration, law providing for (Great Britain)
Ohio.. 1885
230-232
177
-
Arbitration, law providing for (New Jersey)
Nebr 1887-88
141, 142
122
Arbitration, law providing for (New York)
Mo
1887
12-15
116
Arbitration, law providing for (Ohio)..
Mo
1885
30-35
113
Arbitration, law providing for (United States)
Nebr
1887-88
136-140
122
Arbitration, law providing for (Eugland), 1872
Nebr
1887-88
155-157
122
-
Arbitration, law providing for (New York), 1887
Nebr
-
1887-88
144-149
122
Arbitration, law providing for (Ohic), 1885..
Nebr
1887-88
149-154
122
Arbitration, law providing for state board of (Massachu-
'setts), 1886.
Nebr
1887-88
142–144
122
Arbitration, laws of certain states and England providing for.
Arbitration, laws of New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania
providing for.
Mo
1836
13-27
115
N. Y..
1885
416-431
150
Arbitration, laws of various states providing for.
Wis..
1885-86
393-399
237
Arbitration, laws of various states relating to.
Md.
1886-87
86-107
64
Arbitration, manufacturers' opinions on…….
Mo...
1880
204-207
110
Arbitration, opinions of employers and employés on.
Arbitration, Paterson board of, by-laws of
Archæology
Area, population, and organization of counties
Arlington Cooperative Association at Lawrence, Mass.
Arlington Cooperative Association at Lawrence, Mass
-
Wis 1885-86
406-415
237
N. J
1887
100
140
Ind.
1880
387-396
34
Ind.
1883
85.86
36
Mass
1886
149-152
87
·
Μο .
1885
68-72
111
*
Appendix.
a
246
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR,

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
State. Year.
Page.
this
book.
Arlington Cooperative Association at Lawrence, Mass.
Arlington Cooperative Association at Lawrence, Mass...
Arrests and punishments in connection with boycotts, lock-
outs, and strikes.
Ohio.. 1885
313-315
177
Wis
1885-86
120-123
237
N. Y..
1886
652, 653
151
Arrests and punishments in connection with boycotts, lock-
outs, and strikes.
N. Y
1887
155, 156
152
Arrests and punishments in connection with boycotts, lock-
outs, and strikes.
N. Y..
1889
597, 598
154
Art, application of, in various industries.
Mass
1886
360-384
88
Art as a profession, consideration of
Mass.
1886
332-360
88
Art. education in, facilities for, in the state
Mass
1886
384-391
88
Art, industrial, school of, Philadelphia, description of, and
course of study in.
Pa....
1888
1E-11E
210
Art in the industries of the state, investigation as to the
value of.
Mass.
1886
329-393
88
Artels [associative labor societies] in Russia, considera-
tion of.
Ohio..
1886
140-151
178
Assemblages, unlawful, and riots, law relating to
Assemblages, unlawful, law relating to
Wis.
1885-86
362-367
237
N. Y..
1884
403
149
Assessed valuation of property and rate of taxation, 1843-'83.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties..
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property. by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation of property, by counties.
Assessed valuation and mortgage indebtedness of farms
Assessed valuation and ownership of real estate..
Assessed valuation and ownership of real estate in Detroit.
Assessed valuation of mortgaged farms, Sarpy county
Assessed valuation of property and prices paid for rent com-
pared, Boston.
Ind.. 1883
Ind...
Mich.
1888
8-388
101
Mich
1885
354-404
98
Mich
Nebr. 1889-90
Mass. 1891
1892
220-238
105
263-312
124
513-523
96
121
36
·
1879
349,350
33
Ind...
1880
173–177, 276–279
34
Ind.
1881
192-249
35
Ind
1883
118-120
36
Ind... 1884
199, 200
38
Ind...
1885-86
3-250
39
Ind
1887-88
342, 343
40
Ind..
1889-90
252 253
41
Iowa
1886-87
294-368
45
Iowa
1888-89
233-301
46
·
Me
1889
156-187
61
Mo
1881
*64
111
Mo ..
1882
139-146
111
N. J
1889
389,390
145
N. D.. 1889-90
104-186
161
Pa...
1873-74
5-8
185
Pa.
1874-75
137-145
188
Assessment insurance companies, consideration of
Assessed valuation of property, by counties and townships..
Assessed valuation of property, increase of, 1872, 1883…..
Assessed valuation of railroad property.
Pa
1876-77
694-799
195
+
-
Pa… -
Ohio.
Mich.
Ind..
1877-78
32
196
1888
23-191
179
1884
184-186
97
1889-90
443-445
42
Cal
1889-90
146-150
14
-
Assets and liabilities of U. S. Treasury
Assignment of wages, law relating to
Ind...
Conn
1885-86
419, 420
39
1887
278
19
Assignment of wages, law relating to
N.J..
1885
368
137
Assignment of wages, law relating to
-
N.J.. 1891
73
146
Assignment of wages, law relating to (New Jersey)
Conn
Assignment or bankruptcy, wages of employés in cases of,
law securing.
Wis
1886
1885-86
LIX
18
14, 15
237
Assignment, payment of wages in cases of, law relating to ..
Assignment, preferred creditors in cases of, law relating to
(amended).
N. J
1891
08, 585 146,148
R. I...
1887
100
215
Assignment, preferred creditors in cases of, law relating to
(amended).
R. I...
1889
211, 212
217
Assignments and trustees
Mass
1882
209-214
81
Assignments, law securing wages in cases of
Asylums [almshouses, statistics of.
Assignments, wages of employés in cases of, law securing..
Asylums [almshouses], statistics of..
Assignments, effect of, on claims for wages, law relating to ..
Assignments, effect of, on claims for wages, law relating to
Assignments, law relating to………
Assignments, wages and salaries preferred claims in case of,
law making.
Pa... .
1879-80
438, 439
200
Pa...
1880-81
596, 597
202
N.J..
1885
364-368
137
Ohio..
1878
326
166
N. Y..
1887
710
153
N. Y..
1884
388
149
Pa
1872-73
187-190
183
Pa
1873-74
146, 147
186
Asylums and other public institutions, total and per capita Obio..
expense of.
1886
231-237
178
Asylums, county, statistics relating to.
Ind...
1883
314, 315
37
Asylums, poor, statistics of
Asylums, poor, statistics of..
Asylums, orphans', hospitals, and homes
Pa…….. 1872–73
170-176
183
·
Ind... 1881
178-189
35
Ind.
1883
314, 315
37
Asylums, poor, statistics of..
Ind…….
1884
373-375
38
Asylums, poor, statistics of.
Ind... 1885-86
315-317
39
Asylums, poor, statistics of.
Ind.. 1887-88 200, 201, 314,315
40
*
Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
247
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Asylums, poor, statistics of.
Ind... 1889–90
1889-90 272-278, 283,284 |
41
Asylums, poor, statistics of
Kans. 1887
29-68 51, 52
Asylums, poor, statistics of…..
Mich
1884
187
97
Asylums, state, number of inmates in, by counties
Ind.
1883
322. 323
37
Attachment and execution, exemption from, law relating to..
Attachment and execution, exemption of earnings from, law
relating to (amended).
Iowa
1890-91
257-259
48
Wis.
1885-86
14
237
Attachment and execution, exemption of property from, law
relating to.
Wis
1883-84
175, 176
237
Attachment and execution, law exempting personal earnings | Ohio..
and property from.
1879
313,314
169
Attachment, exemption from, law relating to.
Attachment, exemption from, law relating to
Attachment, exemption from, law relating to
Attachment, exemption from, law relating to
Attachment, exemption from, law relating to
Attachment, exemption from, law relating to
Attachment, exemption from, law relating to
Attachment, exemption from, law relating to
Attachment, exemption from, law relating to
Attachment, law providing for exemption from foreign
Attachment, law relating to (amended)
Colo
1887-83
496-499
16
Ill..
1881-82
409, 410
25
Kans
.886
464, 465
51
Minn 1889-90
359
108
-
Ohio..
1880
1, 383
172
Ohio..
1881
248, 249
173
R. I...
1887
93, 94
215
-
R.I...
1888
203. 204
216
R. I...
1889
210, 211
217
Conn
1887
263
18
-
Ohio..
1878
326, 327
166
Attachment of personal earnings, law relating to.
Attachment of property or wages, law relating to.
Ohio..
1879
313
169
N. J
1885
362, 363
137
Attachment of wages by non-resident creditors, law relating to
Attachment of wages by non-resident creditors, law prohib-
iting.
N. J
1886
432
140
N.J
1891
75
146
Attachment of wages for board in Allegheny and Westmore-
land counties, law relating to.
Pa.... 1879-80
426, 427
200
Attachment of wages for board in Allegheny and Westmore-
Pa.... 1880-81
582, 583
202
land counties, law relating to.
Attachment of wages, law relating to..
Conn
1887
277
19
Attachment of wages, law relating to.
Md.
1880-87
158
65
Attachment of wages, law relating to.
Mass
1890
12.13
94
Attachment of wages, laws of various states relating to, ex-
tracts from.
Conn
1886
101-105
18
Attachment of wages of seamen, laws relating to
Attachments and exemptions, law relating to.
Australian ballot, bill proposing a system of voting similar
to the.
Mass
1890
50
94
-
Ma
1884-85
232.233
64
Conn
1888
271-281
20
Australian ballot system, election laws of Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New York,
Rhode Island, Tennessee, Washington, Wisconsin, and
Wyoming, based on.
Nebr
1889-90
449-708
124
Australian ballot system, law amended (Massachusetts)
Australian ballot system, law establishing.
Me
1890
198-215
62
Me
1890
#1-42
63
Austria, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of.
U.S
1889
982-990
227
B.
Bakeries, law relating to
N.J
1891
35
146
Bakeries, wages and hours of labor of employés in
N. Y..
1890
299-313
155
Bank commissioners, law relating to
Conn
1887
242, 243
19
Bank statistics.
Ind
1879
274-290
33
Bauk statistics.
Ind.
1883
363-370
37
Bank statistics.
Pa...
1872-73
137-147
182
Bank statistics.
Pa..
1873-74
73-86, 387–390 186,188
Bank statistics..
Pa...
1874-75
123-134
183
Bank statistics.
Pa.
1875-76
66-78
191
Bank statistics.
Pa..
1876-77
59-70
194
Bank statistics.
Pa.
1877-78
18-29
196
Banking, etc., corporations, law relating to.
Bankruptcies [failures] in the United States, number of, and
amount of liabilities in, by states, 1871–74.
N. J
1889
434-458
145
Pa...
1873-74
413-415
188
Bankruptcies [failures], number of, and amount of liabilities
in, 1857-1885.
U. S
1885
67
218
Bankruptcy, consideration and statistics of..
Pa.
1873-74
70-73
186
Bankruptcy or assignment, wages of employés in cases of,
Wis
1885-86
14, 15
237
law securing.
Banks, deposits in, statistics of, 1876-82.
Mich
1885
410
Banks, laws relating to cooperative
Mass
1890
30-37,92-95
Banks, savings, for school children..
Mass
1879
XV, XVI
Banks, savings, for school children, suggestions on, by Oren W. Ill 1879-80
Weaver.
-
210, 211
Banks, savings, investigation of..
Mass
1873
129-228
Banks, savings, investigation of.
Mass
1874
201-247
Banks, savings, occupations of depositors in
Mass
1874
208-210
Banks, savings, statistics of..
Iowa.. 1888-89
355-358
Banks, savings, statistics of.
Mass
1872
293-344
Banks, savings, statistics of.
N.J
1878
193-209
126
Eganda wars
❤
*Appendix.
248
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
7
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book,
Banks, savings, statistics of.
Banks, savings, statistics of.
N.J
U. S
1879
·
23-40
127
1885
75
218
-
Banks, savings, statistics of (Europe).
U.S.. 1885
Banks, savings, unclaimed deposits in, law relating to
Banks, state, and trust companies, law relating to
43, 51, 52
218
•
N.J
1887
359, 360
141
Conn..
1887
237-242
19
Bar and pig iron, American, cost of production of, 1850-1874…….
Bar iron, prices of ...
Pa.
1873-74
288, 289
187
Pa... 1881-82
192
303
Benevolent, charitable, and protective institutions for women
and girls.
Bar iron, prices of, 1872-1875
Barrooms, attractive, and neglected workingmen's homes,
consideration of.
Beef, dressed, statistics of..
Beet, sugar, adaptability of soil to cultivation of, investiga- N. D.. 1889-90
tion of.
Beet sugar industry, history and statistics of
Beet sugar, manufacture of.
..
Begging and peddling by certain minors, laws prohibiting.
Belgium, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of...
Belting, boot, shoe, and other industries, statistics of...
Beneficial fund of miners and laborers of Philadelphia and
Reading Coal and Iron Company.
Beneficiary associations, railroad, description of...
Beneficiary features of trades organizations, statistics of
Benefit features and strike regulations of labor organizations.
Benefit societies and pensions in industrial establishments,
New York.
Benefit societies, fraternal mutual, history and statistics of....
Benevolent and charitable associations, law authorizing in-
corporation of.
U. S
N.J
U.S
Ill
N. J
Mo
Pa... 1874-75
Mass
341
189
1874
38
71
Me... 1889
116-131
61
19-32
160
-
Nebr 1889-90
823-925
124
Cal... 1889-90
46-59
13
Mass
1890
G6, 67
94
1889
997-1000
228
•
1879
122, 123
127
Pa....
1890
71E, 72E
212
1889
22-42
230
1885-86
•
428-445
29
1887
101-151
140
1882
131-136
111
· -
Conn
N. J ..
1891
61-1499
22
*
1891
97-99
147
Cal
1887-88
94-97
11
Benevolent, charitable, and protective institutions for work-
ing women, account of
Mo..
1891
196-579
121
Benevolent institutions, statistics of..
Ind..
1883
322.323
37
Benevolent institutions, statistics of.
Ind..
1884
499, 500
39
Benevolent, reformatory, and other institutions, employment N. Y..
1886
90-98
151
of children in.
Bessemer steel industry, statistics of.
Pa
1878-79
114-116
197
Bessemer steel industry, statistics of.
Bessemer steel works, statistics of
Pa.
1882-83
8
203
Pa..
1880-81
44, 45
201
-
Billiard and pool rooms, law relating to
-
Bills of prices of shoemakers and tailors Milwaukee.
Binding out poor adults, law relating to (Rhode Island)
Biography, of John Fehrenbatch, author of law establishing
bureau of labor statistics.
Births, and deaths, statistics of, 1875, 1876, 1877..
Births, deaths, and marriages, statistics of. (See Marriages,
N.J
1885
397
137
Wis
1885-86
233-295
237
N. Y
1884
439
149
Ohio..
1888
11-17
179
Mass
1879
10
76
births, and deaths.)
Births, statistics of.
Births, statistics of
Births, statistics of
Births, statistics of
Births, statistics of, by counties.
Bituminous coal, analyses of
Ind... 1882
264-269
36
•
Ind... 1883
Ind... 1884
232-238, 246-249
37
442-461
38
Ind.
1885-86
413-415
39
N. D.
1889-90
73, 75, 96
161
U.S..
1890
206-208
232
Bituminous coal, cost of production of, in United States,
Canada, and Europe.
Bi-weekly payment of wages, law relating to, consideration of
Blacklisting and boycotts, consideration of ..
U.S...
1890
195-227
232
Mo.
1891
7,10
120
Conn
1883
31, 32
19
Blacklisting, boycotts, and strikes, investigation of.
Kans
1886
18-98
50
Blacklisting, consideration of
Mass
1882
345-348
82
Blacklisting, consideration of
N. Y..
1886
644
151
Blacklisting, law prohibiting.
Colo..
1887-88
488, 489
16
Blacklisting, law prohibiting.
Iowa
1890-91
254
48
-
Blacklisting, statement of a cloak manufacturer on
Blacksmiths, purchase power of wages of, in Wisconsin and
Ill.
Iowa.
1885-86
519, 520
29
1888–89
385
46
Europe.
Blast furnaces, annual products of
Pa..
1872-73
238-246
183
Blast furnaces, average wages of cinployés in
Pa.
1875-76
636-689
192
Blast furnaces, products of, amount and value of.
Pa.
1875-76
690-692
192
Blast furnaces, statistics of…
N.J..
1882
358-360
132.
Blast furnaces, statistics of.
Blast furnaces, statistics of.
Blast furnaces, statistics of……
Blast furnaces, statistics of.
Blast furnaces, statistics of.
Blast furnaces, statistics of.
Blast furnaces, statistics of.
Blast furnaces, statistics of.
Blast furnaces, statistics of.
Blast furnaces, statistics of..
-
-
N.J...
1885
Ohio.. 1880
Pa……. 1875-76
295-302
137
1094-1108
169
636-692
192
Pa
1870-77
500-510
195
Pa.
1877-78
595-633
197
Pa…….
1878-79
61-81
197
Pa... 1879-80
42-47
199
Pa
1880-81
27-35
201
Pa.
1882-83
5
203
Pa.
1885
60
206
Blast furnaces, statistics of, by counties
Blast furnaces, statistics of, by counties
Blast furnaces, wages of employés in………
Pa
1874-75
298-312
189
•
Pa.
Pa.
1881-82
40
202
1878-79
72-81
197
--
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
249

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Blast furnaces, wages of employés in.
Blast furnaces, wages of employés in.
Pa...
Pa...
Bloomaries, statistics of..
Blast furnaces, wages of employés in, 1875 to 1881
Blind, statistics of the.
Blind, statistics of the...
Block system of the Pennsylvania K. R., description of
Bloomaries and forges, statistics of...
Bloonaries, consideration and statistics of
Bloomaries, statistics of .
Board and lodging, prices of, in Massachusetts and Great
Britain, 1883.
N. D.. 1889-90
Pa..
1881-82
1888
1880-81
70
202
24C-28C
212
160
201
Mass..
1877
160-165
75
97
161
Pa
Pa.
·
Pa..
1875-76
1885
1878-79
861, 862
192
64
206
49-60
197
Pa..
1880-81
43
201
Pa.. 1882-83
7
203
Mass..
1884
451, 452
85
Board and rent, prices of ..
Mass..
1889
277, 282
91
Board, days of, for one dollar, Massachusetts and foreign
Mass..
1874
200
71
countries.
Boards of trade and builders' exchanges, incorporation of,
law providing for.
Board, monthly cost of, of employés in various industries
Board, monthly cost of, of employés in various industries
Board of arbitration, Cincinnati, rules of …………
Board of health and tenement and lodging houses of New
York city, law relating to.
Board, prices paid for, Massachusetts and foreign countries..
Board, weekly cost of, of female employés in various indus-
tries.
Boarding homes, aids, etc., for workingwomen, account of...
Boardinghouses, statistics of ..
Boards of arbitration, consideration of..
Boiler explosions, conflagrations, and accidents, statistics of..
N.C..
1888
8-169
157
N.C
1889
272-277
159
Ohio.
1885
235-238
177
N. Y..
1887
741-750, 754–756
153
Mass
1874
167-185
71
R. I...
1889
27-137
216
U.S..
1888
29-57
225
N. Y
1885
60-70
150
Mich.
1885
38-50
97
N. Y..
1887
715, 716
153
Boiler explosions, statistics of
Boiler explosions, statistics of
Boiler explosious, statistics of
Ohio..
Ohio..
Kans. 1888
Obio.. 1880
1882
1881
101-109
172
23
53
1366-1368
171
319-325
174
D
Boiler explosions, statistics of
Ohio..
1883
253,254
175
Boilers, steam, inspection of
Colo.
1887-88
303-308
15
Boilers, steam, use and inspection of law relating to.
Book folders, wages of, Philadelphia, 1835
N. Y..
Pa..
1887
1880-81
732-735
153
265
201
Bookkeeping, home, instructions to workingmen for.
Books, free, for schools, consideration of...
Nebr
1889-90
55-78
123
R. I...
1887
72-88
214
Boot and shoe industry, consideration and statistics of
Boot and shoe industry, returns of...
Me..
1891
149–160
63
Ohio..
1882
247-254
174
Boot and shoe industry, statistics of...
Boot and shoe industry, statistics of.
Boot and shoe industry, statistics of.
Boot and shoe industry, statistics of.
Boot and shoe industry, statistics of.
Boot and shoe industry, statistics of.
Boot and shoe industry, statistics of.
N.J..
1882
23-26, 386
131
N. J..
1884
22-25, 100-117,
134
210-227
N. J..
1835
10-13, 48-61,
135
116-135
N.J.. 1886
48-145
138
Ohio.. 1882
247-254
174
Pa...
1878-79
218-221
198
Pa...
1885
97-100
206
Boot and shoe industry, wages and hours of labor of employés
in.
Boot and shoe industry, wages of employés in
Boot and shoe industry, wages of employés in. 1860, 1872, 1878.
Boot and shoe makers in Cincinnati, lockout of, account of.
Boot, shoe, leather, and belting industries, statistics of
Boots and shoes, prices of
Boroughs and cities, indebtedness of
N. T..
1890
256-264
155
Pa....
1888
760-780
210
Mass
1879
68
77
Ohio.
1883
220-225
175
N. J
1879
122. 123
127
-
Minn. 1889-90
341,342
108
Pa.
1876-77
694-799
195
Bottlemakers, wages of (England)
Bottles, glass, cost of production of..
N. J
1881
75-77
129
U. S
1891
271-339
234
Bounties, state, on fibre and sugar production, consideration
of.
Bounties, state, on fibre and sugar production, statistics of..
N. J
1881
275-286
130
N. J
1883
317-327
134
Bounties, state, on fibre production, statistics of ..
N. J
1882
198-209
131
Boycotting, consideration of..
Conn
1885
34-38
17
Boycotting, consideration and statistics of
N. Y..
1885
331-362
150
Boycotting, consideration and statistics of
N. Y..
1886
711-806
151
Boycotting in the United States, statistics of
Mo.
1885
25-26
113
Boycotting, opinions of employers on
Wis 1885-86
386-389
237
Boycotts, account and consideration of .
Wis.. 1885–86
372-389
237
Boycotts and blacklisting, consideration of.
Conn
1888
31, 32
19
Boycotts and strikes, account of..
Minn
1887-88
253-261
106
Boycotts, decisions of courts and state legislation relating to
U.S..
1887
1109-1164
224
Boycotts, decisions of courts relating to.
Md .
1887
167
65
Boycotts, decisions of courts relating to
N. Y..
1886
744-806
152
Boycotts in Saint Louis, consideration of
Mo.
1891
26-29
120
Boycotts, lockouts, and strikes. (See Strikes, lockouts, and
boycotts.)
Boycotts of trade and labor organizations.
Boycotts, strikes, and blacklisting, investigation of
Ill ….
Kans
1885-86
446-453
29
1886
18-98
50
Boys and women employed in factories and shops, number of. | Ohio.. 1888
Brass industry, weekly wages of employés in, by occupations. Conn
Brass manufactures, statistics of..
253-257
179
1888
48-51
19
N. J.
1879
126
127
250
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Brass works, capital invested, value of products, etc., in.
Brassworkers, International Brotherhood of, history and sta-
tistics of.
Ohio.. 1890
59
181
Conn.
1891
1424, 1425
888
22
Breweries and distilleries, capital invested, value of products, Ohio..
etc., in.
1890
56
181
Breweries and distilleries, returns of
Breweries and distilleries, statistics of.
Breweries and distilleries, statistics of..
Ohio..
1882
167-178
173
-
Ohio
1884
187-197
175
Pa.
1882-83
64, 65
203
Breweries and distilleries, statistics of………
Pa
1884
155, 156
205
Breweries and distilleries, wages of employés in
Breweries, statistics of..
Pa
1888
92C, 93C
210
N.J..
1882
364-371
132
D
Breweries, value of product, wages paid, etc., in.
Breweries, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Brewery employés in Saint Louis, statistics of
Brewing industry, statistics of..
Pa..
1885
104, 105
207
N. Y..
1890
340-344
· 155
•
Mo...
1391
698-704
121
Μο
1881
56-60
111
Brick, glass, and clay industries, statistics of
Brick industry, wages of employés in.
N. J ..
1881
165-169
130
Pa.
1888
72C-75C |
210
Brick manufacture, consideration and statistics of.
Brick manufacture, statistics of ...
N. J
1883
262-267
133
Pa.... 1884
152
205
Bricklayers' and Masons' International Union, history and
statistics of.
Conn.
1891
1395-1405
22
Bricklayers', etc., Union of Omaha, constitution of
Bridges and roads, statistics of……
Nebr
1887-88
64. 65
122
Ind..
1879
340-342
33
Bridges, machinery, etc., injury to, law prohibiting
Conn
1887
253
19
Builders' exchanges and boards of trade, incorporation of, law
providing for.
N. Y..
1887
715,716
153
Building and Loan Association League, constitution and by N. J ..
laws of
1890
271-276
145
Building and loan associations, consideration of
Building and loan associations, consideration of
Building and loan associations, consideration and statistics of.
Building and loan associations, consideration and statistics of.
Building and loan associations, consideration and statistics of.
Building and loan associations, cooperative, statistics of
Building and loan associations, cooperative, statistics of.
Building and loan associations, decisions of courts relating to. N. J
Building and loan associations, defective methods of....
Building and loan associations, first English act relating to,
1836.
-
Building and loan associations, growth and value of..
Building and loan associations in various states, statistics of
Building and loan associations in various states, statistics of .
Building and loan associations, law relating to...
Building and loan associations, law relating to.
Pa.
Kans.
N.J
Me...
1887
171-176
59
Ohio
1879
277-280
169
Ill
1881-82
380-388
25
N. J
1890
1-286
145
Pa.
1888
1A-124A
209
-N. J
1888
451-617
143
N. J
1891
235-573
147
•
1888
600-600
143
N.J
1890
33-35, 90-93
145
N. J
1890
284-286
145
·
N. J
Nebr 1889-90
1890
70-90
145
91-262
123
1888
90A-95 A
209
..
1886
461-463
51
1885
411-414
137
Building and loan associations, law relating to..
Building and loan associations, law relating to
N. J
1886
436
140
N. J..
1890
277-283
145
-
Building and loan associations, law relating to.
Pa....
1888
121A-124A
209
Building and loan associations, law relating to (Massachu-
setts and New York.
N. J..
1888
607-617
143
Building and loan associations, reports of secretaries of.
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of.
Pa..
1889
1C-25C
210
Cal.
1887-88
292-317
12
Cal
1889-90
218-313
14
-
Ill..
1881-82
385-388
25
•
Ind..
1887-88 LXXXVIII-CXIII
40
Ind...
1888-90
23-71
41
Kans.
1888
151-168
54
-
N.J..
1880
337-353
129
N. J
1882
105-131
131
N.J
1884
325-359
135
N. J
1886
251-314
138
-
N. J
1888
451-617
143
N. J
1891
235-573
147*
Building and loan associations, statistics of
Building and loan associations, statistics of.
Building and loan corporations, mutual, law authorizing for-
mation of.
Pa... 1879-80
Pa...
Wis
266-285
200
1889
1885--86
26C-76C
210
39-42
237
Building and loan, homestead, etc., corporations, laws relat-
ing to.
N.J..
1889
434-438
145
Building and saving associations, consideration of legislation
relating to.
Conn.
1887
159, 160
19
Building association, workingmen's, of Boston, laws relating to.
Building associations, formation of, by Knights of Labor,
law authorizing.
Mass
1890
72
94
N. J ..
1888
646, 647
144
Building associations of Knights of Labor and trade socie-
ties, incorporation of, law authorizing.
N.J..
1891
101-104
147
Building companies, workingmen's home.
Mass.
1874
43
71
Building Company, National Home, law incorporating the
Building improvements and imports of Saint Louis..
Building improvements, factory, and new machinery added,
statistics of.
Mass
1890
90, 91
94
Mo..
1884
243-249
113
Wis.. 1888-89
116a-125a
240
Building Laborers' International Protective Union of North
America, history and statistics of.
Conn
1891
1412-1415
22
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
251
Bureau report.
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Building, loan, and homestead associations, law relating to...
Building, loan, and homestead associations, law relating to
(supplement).
Ill..
1881-82
413-417
25
N.J... 1887
345-347
141
Building, measurements in, law relating to.
Building, measurements in, law relating to.
Building trades, annual earnings of employés in
Building trades, condition of employés in
Building trades, statistics of………
Mo...
1885
219-224
115
Mo...
1886
277-283
116
Wis 1888-89
7-56
239
Wis
1888-89
1-120
239
Mo.... 1879
54-62
109
rope, compared.
Building trades, time lost by employés in.
Building trades, wages and hours of labor of employés in….
Building trades, wages of employés in, in the state and Eu-
Building trades, wages of employés in, in various cities and
Wis.. 1888-89
7-56, 74, 75
239
Ohio..
1883
20-26
174
Wis
1888-89
44, 45
239
Ohio..
1880
1250-1258
170
towns.
Building trades, wages of employés in, in various cities and
towns.
Ohio..
1881
170-175
172
Building trades, wages of employés in, in various cities and
Ohio..
1882
26-30
173
towns.
Building trades, wages [rate per hour] and hours of labor of
employés in.
Wis
1888-89
57-120
239
--
Building trades, working rules of (Liverpool, England)
Buildings alleged to be unsafe, inspection of, law requiring
(Massachusetts).
N. Y
1884
503-516
149
R. I..
1888
193, 194
216
Buildings, construction of certain, law regulating
Mass
1890
76-78
94
-
Buildings, construction of certain, law regulating (Massa-
chusetts.
Ohio.
1890
*28-30
181
Buildings, construction of certain, law regulating (Massa-
chusetts).
Buildings, construction of certain, law regulating (Massa- Minn
chusetts).
1839-90
181, 182
107
R. I..
1888
192, 193
216
Buildings erected in Brooklyn and New York city, number
and cost of, 1881-86.
N. Y..
1886
462, 463
151
Buildings erected in Brooklyn and New York city, number
and cost of.
N. Y..
1887
166
152
Buildings, excavations for. law relating to.
Buildings, excavations for, law relating to.
Buildings, public, and factories, inspection of, law providing
for (Massachusetts).
Buildings, public, and schoolhouses, sanitary provisions and
ventilation in, law securing proper (Massachusetts).
Bureau of industrial and labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of industrial and labor statistics, law establishing
(amended).
Bureau of industrial and labor statistics, law establishing
(amended).
N. J
1885
361
137
N. J
1891
44, 45
146
R. 1.
I...
1888
180
216
R. I..
1888
188-192
216
Me
1887
11. 12
1
Me
1889
150, 151
Me..
1890
196, 197
Bureau of industrial and labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of industrial and labor statistics, law establishing Mich
(amended).
Mich
1884
3-5
-
1892
XVI, XVII
104
85 8 82
96
Bureau of industrial statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of industrial statistics, law establishing.
Md.
1885
229, 230
64
R. I..
1887
100, 101
215
Bureau of industrial statistics, law establishing.
R. I
1888
210. 211
216
Bureau of industrial statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, aim and methods of...
Bureau of labor statistics. compendium of reports of.
Bureau of labor statistics, functions of, discussion of.
Bureau of labor statistics, history of
Bureau of labor statistics, history of
Bureau of labor statistics, history of.
Bureau of labor statistics, history of
R. I...
1889
213.214
217
Conn
1885
105-115
17
Mich
1892
405-427
105
Md..
1890-91
12-49
67
-
Mass
1870
5-39
67
Mass
1873
5-53
70
Mass
1876
259-357
74
Ohio.. 1881
110
172
Bureau of labor statistics, history of (Massachusetts)
Bureau of labor statistics, index to reports of, 1870–89
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statisties. law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing
Bmeau of labor statisties, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing
Bureau of labor statisties, law establishing
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Minn. 1887-88
45-05
106
Mass
Cal ... 1883-84
;
Colo.. 1887-88
Iowa. 1884-85
Iowa 1890-91
1889
603-649
93
6.7
7
IX. XII
9,10
15
42
246, 247
48
Kans. 1885
II
48
Me...! 1887
11, 12
58
Mass
1890
38
94
Mich
1884
3-5
96
Mich
1890
306, 307
103
Minn 1887-88
10
106
Minn
1889-90
353-355
108
Mo
1879
6.
108
Nebr
1887-88
23-25
122
N. J
1884
XVI
134
N. J
1885
351, 352
137
N. J
1891
95, 96
147
N. Y
1883
3,4
148
་
N. C
1887
III, IV
156
Ohio..
1877
3
162
*Appendix.
252
OF LABOR.
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF
Bureau report..
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Bureau of labor statistics, organization of
Bureaus of labor statistics, history of organization of.
Bureaus of labor statistics in the United States, list of.
Bureaus of labor statistics in United States, list of and dates
of organization of.
-
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing.
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing (amended).
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing (amended)
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing (amended).
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing (amended).
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing (Massachusetts).
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing (New York, amended)
Bureau of labor statistics, law establishing (supplement).
Bureau of labor statistics, law relating to..
Bureau of labor statistics, law relating to.
Bureau of labor statistics, reports of, 1870-1889, index to
Bureau of labor statistics, use and value of ..
Bureau of labor (United States), first annual report of, re-
viewed.
•
Bureau of labor (United States), law establishing
Bureau of labor (United States), law establishing
Bureau of statistics and geology, law establishing.
Bureaus, employment, law regulating.
Bureaus of labor statistics, consideration of..
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of..
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureans of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of..
Bureaus of labor statistics, history of certain...
-
Me
Ohio..
1878
324, 325
166
R. I...
1887
100, 101
215
R. I...
1888
210, 211
216
R. I..
1889
213, 214
217
Wis
1883-84
1-12
235
N. Y.
1886
9
150
N. Y..
1887
708, 709
153
Ohio..
1890
*53-55
181
Wis. 1885-86
1-4
237
Minn. 1887-88
46-48
106
Ohio..
1887
6,7
179
N. J.
1888
648
144
Conn.
1887
254, 255
19
Ohio..
1886
319
178
Ill.. 1879-80
VIII-XII
Mass.
1889
603-649
N. Y..
1888
19-26
153
Kans
1886
7-17
Md...
1884-85
N. J
1884
228, 229
XVI
134
Ind...
1879
26-28
Minn. 1889-90
351, 352
108
Colo.. 1887-88
Cal.
1885-86
1-31
443-520
.15
2888 888-
22
64
32
10
Conn
1889
34-66
20
Ind..
1887-88
XVIII-XXVII
40
Iowa.. 1884-85
16-30, 365-373
42, 44
Iowa.
1886-87
384-396
45
Iowa.. 1888-89
359-403
46
Kans
1885
12-70
48
Kans
1887
7-28
51
Me...
1887
12-53
58
Me
1888
20-39
59
1889
103-138
61
Md ..
1890-91
*3-126
67
Mich..
1885
411-438
99
Mich..
1886
1-81
99
Mich..
1889
249-311
102
Mich.. 1890
309-374
103
Miun.. 1887-88
66-130
106
Mo...
1883
9-53
111
Mo..
1884
7-25
112
Mo...
1886
291-346
116
Nebr.. 1889-90
709-822
124
Ohio
1886
346-379
178
•
Ohio.
1888
267-272
180
R. I...
1888
153-173
216
R. I
1889
185-205
217
Wis... 1883-84
13-16
235
Mo....
1887
6-10
58
Kans..
1885
13-25
48
Nebr..
1887-88
33
122
Conn.
1889
35-37
20
Bureaus of labor statistics, laws establishing, in various states.
Bureaus of labor statistics, laws establishing (Iowa and Md.).
Bureaus of labor statistics, list of.
Mo
1883
33-51
111
Mo
1884
22-24
112
Μο
1887
5,6
58
Bureaus of labor statistics, list of.
Md.. 1886-87
22
64
Bureaus of labor statistics, list of.
Mich
1889
253,254
102
•
Bureaus of labor statistics, list of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, list of.
Bureaus of labor statistics, list and date of organization of……..]
Bureaus of labor statistics, necessity for, consideration of
Bureaus of labor statistics, origin and growth of, address on,
by Carroll D. Wright.
Bureaus of labor statistics, origin, objects, and growth of.....
Bureaus of labor statistics, riso and progress of..
Ohio..
1879
14
166
R. I..
1888
153, 154
216
Iowa
Ohio..
1888-89
363, 364
46
1878
31-41
164
R. I...
1889
4-15
216
Conn
1889
21-33
20
Nebr
1887-88
27-43
122
Bureaus of labor statistics, their organization and workings.
Burnham industrial farm, law incorporating..
Md
1881-85
17-25
63
N. Y.
1887
711-715
153
Business and personal relations of employers and employés
Business disasters, statistics of
Conn
Wis
...
Business failures, number of, and amount of liabilitios in
1857-'85.
U.S.
1885
1883-84
1885
96-104
17
253-262
236
67
219
Business interests of the state, statistics relating to.
Business men and manufacturers, opinion of, on labor ques-
tions.
Mich
-
Ohio.
1886
1889
214-401
100
71-76
180
-
Butchers' Journeymen Union of Hartford, history and statis-
tica of.
Conn
1891
1435
22
* Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
253
Subject.
C.
1

Bureau report.
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Pa..
1887
1 E-19 E
208
U. S..
1889
1000-1002
228
Mass.
1882
1-92
Ohio..
1878
205-208
165
Pa... 1872-73
159
183
Pa...
1873-74
94
186
Pa.. 1874-75
415
189
Md... 1888–89
*11
65
Cal.
1889-90
89-101
13
Mo..
1885
98
114
Μο
1882
25-31
111
Mass
1882
241, 242
81
Mass
1878
96-98
76
N. J..
1878
279
126
Wis 1883-84
247-252
236
Canadian-French. (See French Canadians.)
Cambria Iron Company, history and description of.
Canada, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of...
Canals, statistics of.
Canals, statistics of.
Canals, statistics of.
Canals, statistics of.
Canneries, fruit, statistics of ...
Capital and labor, consideration of...
Canned goods, law relating to checks for.
Capacity, productive, of operatives in textile industries,
compared.
Capital, debts, and profits in manufactures.
Capital invested, value of stock, etc., in corporations and
firms, by industries.
Capital invested, etc., in all industries, by counties.
Capital invested, etc., in coal mining. (See Coal mining.)
Capital invested, etc., in cotton and woollen mills. (See Cot-
ton and woollen mills.)
Capital invested, etc., in cotton mills. (See Cotton mills.)
Capital invested, etc., in establishments considering the tariff
beneficial or detrimental.
Capital invested, etc., in flouring mills. (See Flouring mills.)
Capital invested, etc., in founderies and machine shops. (See
Founderies and machine shops.)
Capital invested, etc., in glass industry. (See Glass industry.)
Capital invested, etc., in Granite industry. (See Granite in-
dustry.)
Capital invested, etc., in hat industry. (See Hat industry.)
Capital invested, etc., in iron industry. (See Iron industry.)
Capital invested, etc., in jewellery industry. (See Jewellery
industry.)
Capital invested, etc., in lead and zinc industry. (See Lead
and zinc industry.)
Capital invested, etc., in manufactures, statistics of, by Ill
counties and industries, 1850, '60, '70.
1879-80
20
22
Capital invested, etc., in manufacturing industries.
Ind..
1885-86
271-311
Capital invested, etc., in manufacturing industries, 1880, 1885.
Capital invested, etc., in oyster industry. (See Oyster in
dustry.)
Nebr.
1887-88
350-353
122
88
39
dustry.)
Capital invested, etc., in pottery industry.
Capital invested, etc., in salt industry. (See Salt industry.)
Capital invested, etc., in silk industry. (See Silk industry.)
Capital invested, etc., in tanneries. (See Tanneries.)
Capital invested, etc., in tobacco, factories. (See Tobacco
factories.)
(See Pottery in-
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries..
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries..
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries.
Capital invested, etc., in various industries..
Capital invested, etc., in various industries..
Cal
1883-84
129
7
Coun
1888
35-44
19
-
Conn
1889
67-87
20
Conn
1890
40-43
21
Conn
1891
20-23
22
Ill...
1881-82
7-105, 126-241
24
Kans
1885 !
230-247
49
Kans
1886 113, 114, 375-418
50
Kans
1887
210-250
52
Kans
1888
96-139
54
Kans.
1889
14-196
54
Me
1888
149-160
60
Mass
1883
243-375
$3
Mo
1879
101-102
109
N. J
1879
104-156
127
N. J
1882
355-395
132
N.C
1887
52-60
156
N. C
1888
148-169
157
N. C..
1890
126-129
159
Ohio..
1880
1130-1294
169
Ohio.. 1887
79-165
179
Ohio
1888
253-257
180
Ohio..
1889
86-135
180
Ohio..
1890
51-111
181
Pa.... 1872-73
47-84
182
R. I... 1888
108-113
215
Wis..
1883-84
177-207
236
Capital invested, etc., in various industries, by counties..
Capital invested, etc., in various industries, (Census, 1870) ..
Capital invested, etc., in various industries in certain years.
Cincinnati.
Capital invested, etc.. in various industries, 1884-'85....
Iowa. 1884-85
375-388
44
Pa...
Ohio..
1872-73
1877
47-84
182
194-228
163
Ohio..
1885
151-156
176
•
254
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
= 1
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
State. Year.
'Page.
this
book.
Capital invested, etc., in woollen mills.
(See Woollen mills.)
Capital invested, value of stock, etc., in corporations and
firms, by industries.
Mass
1878
96-98
76
Capital, laws relating to
Conn
1887
237-253
19
Capital, values, cost, and profits in various manufactures
Capital, values, cost, and profits in various manufactures
Capital, wages, and profits in manufactures.
Conn
1889
67-87
20
Conn
1890
40-43
Conn.
1888
35-44
Capitalists, duties of, in relation to homes for working people.
Car-shop employés in St. Louis and St. Charles, statistics of ..
Card sets, number of, in woollen mills.
Carp culture, consideration of.
Carpenters and Joiners, Amalgamated Society of, history and
statistics of.
Mass
1874
41-48
Mo
1891
580-688
121
Me
1890
218
N.J
1882
133-174
Conn
1891
-
1385, 1386
Carpenters and Joiners of America, United Brotherhood of,
history and statistics of.
Conn
1891
1445-1451
Carpet factories, wages and hours of labor of employés in
N. Y..
1888
832-839 ! 153
Carpet industry of Philadelphia and United States, history | Pa..
and statistics of.
1889
1D-52D
RAPECES & 39
62
131
22
22
210
Carpet industry, statistics of
Pa...
1880-81
70-73
201
Carpet industry, wages of employés in.
Pa…..
1889
45D-50D
211
Carpet manufacture, statistics of
Pa.... 1879-80
103-108
199
Carpet weavers, scale of wages adopted by, Philadelphia, 1881. Pa….
1889
18D, 19D
211
Carpet workers, wages of, New York city, 1883, 1887
N. Y.
1889
653-650
155
Carpets and carpet wool, imported, duties on
Pa…….
1889
32D-34D
210
Carpets, ingrain, cost of production of, per yard.
Pa...
1889
48 D
211
Carpets, prices of various kinds of, 1862-1889.
Pa…….
1889
34D, 35D
211
Carriage and wagon factories, products of, value of, by coun-
ties.
Pa..
1879-80
78, 79
199
Carriage and wagon works, capital invested, value of products, Ohio.. 1890
etc., in.
68-70
181
Carriage manufacture, statistics of
Ohio..
1880
1278, 1279
170
Carriage smiths of New Haven, Brotherhood of, history and
'statistics of.
Conn.
1891
1406
22
Catholic church, Roman, practices and customs of, relating
to divorce.
U.S..
1889
122, 123
226
Causes of strikes, as given by employers and employés
N. Y.
1886
625-632
151
Census, decennial, expense of
Census of Philadelphia, relating to labor
Mich.
1885
13
97
Census, decennial, law providing for (Massachusetts)
Mich
1885
14-17
97
Pa... 1872-73
417-445
185
Census (State) statistics of afflicted classes
Census statistics, unpublished, 1885..
Census (U. S.) statistics, 1840-1880...
Census (U.S.) statistics of classified employments
Mass
Colo. 1887-88
Wis.. 1883-84
Mass. 1873
1877
155-181
75
371 -390
16
19-56
235
60-69
ΤΟ
Census (U.S.) statistics of manufacturing industries in the
state.
Mass.
J871
252-255
72
Centennial exposition, account of
Pa..
1875-76
943-1064
193
Centennial exposition, participation in, by the state
Pa.
1875-76
1011-1064
193
Centennial exposition, preparations for, remarks on
Pa
1873-74
361-366
188
.
Certificates of marriage, lists of statos giving.
U. S
1889
59
226
Character of workingwomen, consideration of.
U. S
1888
73-77
225
Charitable and benevolent associations, law authorizing in-
corporation of.
N. J
1891
97-99
147
Charitable, benevolent, and protective institutions for work-
ingwomen, account of.
Charitable, benevolent, and protective institutions for women
and girls.
Cal
1887-88
+
94-97
11
Mo...
1891
496-579
121
Charitable, educational, and religious institutions, statistics of.
Charitable institutions, statistics of.
N. D.. 1889-90
Ind...
203-205
161
1883
322, 323
37
Charitable institutions, statistics of.
Ind...
Charitable institutions, statistics of.
Charitable institutions, statistics of.
-
Pa...
Pa.
1884
1872-73
1873-74
499,500
39
166-176
183
144-149
186
•
Charitable, reformatory, and other institutions, employment N. Y.
of children in.
Charities, state statistics of
1860
90-98
151
Kaus. 1887
69-74
52
Chattel mortgages. (See Mortgages, chattel.)
Cheap labor (child, convict, foreign, etc.), consideration of
Checkweighmen, employment of, at coal mines, law permit.
Conu.. 1885
44-69
17
Pa... 1879-80
433-435
200
ting.
Checkweighmen, employment of, at coal mines, law permit-
ting.
Chemicals, drugs, etc., manufacture of, statistics relating to..
Chemistry and economy of foods, address of Prof. W. O. At-
Pa.... 1880-81
589-591
202
N.J
1879
141
127
Kans
1885
44-53
48
water on.
Chemistry and economy of foods, address of Prof. W. O. At-
Ohio..
1885
328-355
177
water on.
Child and female labor in various industries, consideration of. Md ..
Child labor and education
1888-89
Mass.
1874
ལ
Child labor and education, condition of, and legislation in
various states relating to.
Ohio..
1880
30-80
1-20
1295-1308
65
71
171
Child labor and education, consideration of
Child labor and female wageworkers, consideration of.
Child labor and school attendance, consideration of...
Kaus
-
1888
Ohio.. 1889
R.I..
1888
25-39
53
18-25
180
120-128
215
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
255
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
L'age.
book.
A
Child labor, comparison of laws relating to, in different states
and countries.
Child labor and the apprenticeship system, consideration of..
Child labor and the apprenticeship system in various indus-
tries (employés' returns).
N. Y..
Wis
1886
19-221
150
1887-88
165-188
238
Conn
1885
140, 141
18
Child labor, consideration of.
Child labor, consideration of
Conn
1885
46-56
17
Me.
1890
180, 181
62
Child labor, consideration of
Child labor, consideration of
Child labor, consideration of
Child labor, consideration of
Child labor, consideration of
Child labor, consideration of
Child labor, consideration of .
Child labor, consideration of.
•
Child labor, consideration and statistics of..
Child labor, consideration and statistics of.
Mo..
1880
147-153
109
Mo
1882
33-39
111
Μο
1881
255-268
113
Μο
1885
75
114
Ohio.. 1882
325-332
174
Pa.... 1874–75
372-378
189
4
Pa... 1886
38-50
207
Wis.. 1883-84
160-162
162
Kans.!
1890
38-62
56
Mich. 1887
235-270
101
Child labor, consideration and statistics of.
Minn.
1889-90
154-233
107
Child labor, consideration and statistics of.
R. I..
1891
v-188
217
Child labor, digest of American and European laws relating to
Child labor, effects of, upon education..
Ill...
1879-80
193-202
23
N. I
1884
266-310
148
Child labor, employment of, in various industries
Child labor, employment of, in various industries
N. J
1879
88-156
127
N.J..
1880
34-37
128
Child labor, how regulated in various states and Great Britain.
Child labor in Europe. consideration of
Child laborin mining and manufacturing industries, returns on.
Child labor in various industries, returns on.
Child labor in various industries, returns on.
Kans
1888
26-36
53
N. Y..
1890
37-103
155
Ohio..
1881
78-82
172
N. Y..
1884
22-356
148
Ohio..
1883
91-93
174
Child labor, law relating to (Connecticut)
Child labor, law relating to
Child labor, law relating to
Child labor, law relating to
Child labor, law relating to (England)
Child labor, law relating to (Maine)…….
Child labor, law relating to (Massachusetts).
Child labor, law relating to (New Hampshire)
Child labor, law relating to (New Jersey).
Me..
1888
9-12
59
Mich
1887
266-269
101
N. J
1878
270,271
126
R. I...
1888
195, 196
216
N. J
1882
$7.88
131
·
N. Y
1884
419
119
Mich
1885
91.92
97
N. Y..
1884
·
426-428
149
Mo
1884
264-266
133
Child labor, law relating to, extract from (France)
Child labor, laws of various states relating to .
Child labor, opinions of clergymen, physicians, teachers, etc., ou.
Child labor, opinions of workingmen on.
Child labor, paper by Mrs. Florence Kelley-Wischnewetzky
and discussion on.
Child labor, statisties of.
Child labor, statistics of
Child labor, statistics of .
Children and adults, earnings of, in cotton and woollen mills,
by occupations.
Children and adults, industries employing (Massachusetts
and Great Britain).
Children and adults, number and percentage of, in various
industries (Massachusetts and Great Britain).
Children and adults, proportion of each and of each sex in
cotton and woollen inills.
N. J ..
1889
8
144
R. I
1891
3-21
217
R. I ..
1891
22-62
217
Pa...
1889
2E-28E
211
Conn.
1889
43-55
20
Ill..
1883-84
122, 269, 302
Me...
1888
162
60
Mich.
1885
Conn
1886
61-89
80-97
.97
Mass. 1884
310
2352 18
26
18
85
Mass
Mass 1881
1884
401-408
85
358-368
80
Children and alimony, divorces relative to, statistics of,
1867-1886.
U.S..
1889
207-212
227
Children and females, employment of, in mines, law relating N. Y..
to (Illinois).
1834
413
149
Children and minors, employment of, laws of various states
relating to.
R. I.
1891
3-21
217
Children and minors, iaw regulating hours of labor of
Children and minors, law regulating hours of labor of
Children and minors, law relating to employment of, (Massa-
chusetts).
Children and minors, law relating to neglect and immoral and
dangerous employment of,
Md..
1884-85
235, 236
64
Ohio.
1886
333
178
Me
1888
173-186
60
N. Y.
1887
703, 704
152
Children and servants, law relating to education of……….
Children and women, as competitors of workingmen
Children and women as competitors of workingmen.
Conn. 1887
Ohio.. 1887
136
18
9. 10
179
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
Ohio..
Mass
1889
1891
18-25
180
XXT
95
Minu 1889-90
351
108
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours N. J..
of labor of, law regulating.
1885
353-357
137
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
Ohio..
1878
258, 322, 323
166
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of law regulating.
Ohio..
1879
313
169
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
Ohio.. 1881
218
173
256
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
R. I...
1887
93, 95
215
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
R. I...
1889
210, 212
217
R. I...
1891
16
217
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
Children and women employed in factories and shops, hours
of labor of law regulating (Massachusetts).
Children and women employed in factories and shops, law
providing proper meal times for.
Children and women employed in factories and shops, law
providing proper meal times for (Massachusetts).
Children and women employed in factories and shops, law
providing proper meal times for (Massachusetts).
Children and women employed in farming, hours of labor of..
Children and women employed in bat industry, number of. .
Children and women employed in manufactures in different
states, number of (U. S. census), 1880.
Children and women employed in pottery industry, number
and wages of.
Children and women employed in silk industry, number and
wages of
Children and women employed in various industries, Balti-
more.
Children and women employed in various industries, counties.
Children and women employed in various industries, hours
of labor and wages of.
Children and women employed in various industries, number of
Children and women employed in various industries, number of
Children and women employed in various industries, number of
Children and women employed in various industries, number of
Children and women employed in various industries, number of
Children and women employed in various industries, number
and wages of.
Children and women employed in various industries, states,
and cities, percentages of.
N. J..
Ohio..
Wis.
Wis
1883-84
171
236
Wis
1885-86
5
237
Minn. 1889-90
Mass 1890
Minn. 1889-90
161, 165
107
61-63
94
167, 168
107
R. I...
1888
177-179
216
Mo
1880
271,275
110
N.J..
1887
338, 339
141
Conn.
1885
139
18
N. J
1880
110-112
128
N. J
1880
81-84
128
Md...
1888-89
97-125
65
Md.
1888-89
178-189
65
N. J..
1883
30-77
133
Conn.
Mo
1886
18-27
18
1890
† 62-129
119
1882
13-51, 355-394
131
1889
86-135
180
1885-86
484-486
238
N. J..
1880
78-154
128
Cal ..
1883-84
245-247
8
Children and women employed in various industries, statis-
tics of.
Mass.
1870
373-401
67
Children and women employed in various industries, wages
and hours of labor of.
N.C..
1887
52-61
156
Children and women, employment and hours of labor of.
Children and women, employment and hours of labor of, law
regulating.
Me
1887
Me...
1889
214-221
145-148
61
Children and women, employment and hours of labor of, law
regulating.
Me....
1890
191-194
8 23
59
62
Children and women, employment and hours of labor of, law
regulating (New Jersey).
Md..
1888-89
* 39-44
65
Children and women, employment of, in factories and shops, Mass
between certain hours, law prohibiting.
1890
92,93
94
Children and women, employment of, in factories and shops,
between certain hours, law prohibiting (Massachusetts).
Children and women, employment of, in factories and shops,
law regulating.
Minn
1889-90
165
107
Mass
1891
XXI-XXV
95
Children and women, employment of, in factories and shops,
law regulating.
N. Y..
1887
718-720, 762–
153
764
Children and women, employment of, in factories and shops,
law regulating (amended).
N. Y..
1889
794-797, 806-
155
812
Children and women, employment of, in factories and shops,
law regulating (Wisconsin).
Children and women, employment of, in factories and shops,
law regulating (Wisconsin).
Children and women, employment of, in factories, etc., law
relating to.
Md.
1888-89
*54, 55
65
N.Y.. 1884
446
149
N.J.. 1891
29-33, 584
146,
148
Children and women, employment of, in mines, law relating to
(Great Britain).
Pa.... 1881-82
193-198
203
Children and women, employment of, in various industries...
Children and women [girls], weekly wages of, in cotton and
woollen mills.
N.J
1879
104-156
127
Ohio..
1884
108-113
175
Children and women in cotton and woollen mills, wages and
hours of labor of.
N. C..
1891
127-154
160
Children and women in cotton mills, wages and hours of la-
bor of.
N.C..
1887
142-147
157
Children and women in factories, employment and safety of,
Pa
1890
12-15
212
law relating to.
Children and women in tobacco factories, wages and hours of N. C ..
labor of.
1887
154-161
157
*Appendix.
† Vol. I.
, INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS. ·
257
Bureau report...
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Year.
book
Children and women in tobacco factories, wages and hours of | N. C.
labor of.
1891
207-220
160
Children and women in woollen mills, wages and hours of la-
bor of.
N.C..
1887
58,59
156
Children and women, industries employing, by occupations.
Children and women, labor of, law relating to (England)
Children and women, law regulating hours of labor of.
Children at work, condition of
Conn
1886
28, 29
18
N. J ..
1882
87,88
131
Mass
1890
5,6
94
Minn. 1889-90
185-233
107
Children at work, statistics of
Minn. 1889-90
199-233
107
Children, attendance of, at school, law relating to
R. I...
1888
206-210
216
-
Children, attendance of, at school, law relating to (Rhode | N. Y….
Island).
1884
442-445
149
Children, average wages of, in various industries
R. I...
1888
119
215
Children [boys] and women employed in factories and shops,
number of.
Ohio..
1888
253-257
180
Children, cleaning dangerous machinery by, law prohibiting R. I...
(Massachusetts).
1888
176
216
Children, cruelty to, law relating to
N.J
1885
396
137
Children, cruelty to, societies for prevention of, law authorizing N.J..
Children, cruelty to, societies for prevention of, law authorizing N.J
Children, earnings of..
1885
398, 399
137
1891
65, 66
146
Mass
1876
28-258
73
Children, earnings of, in various industries..
Ill………. 1883–84
283-302
Children, education and employment of, digest of American
Mass
1874
9-20
and European laws relating to.
Children, education and labor of
Mass
1878
11-34
Children, education and labor of, legislation on, in England Mass
and Prussia.
1875
11-28
Children, education of, law relating to
N. J
1891
48-58
146
Children, education of, law relating to (Ohio)
Md
1888-89
*48-50
Children, education of, law relating to (Ohio).
N. Y.
1884
435-437
149
Children employed in factories and shops, hours of labor of,
law regulating (Indiana).
N. Y..
1854
418
149
22 22 9899
26
71
75
72
65
Children employed in factories and shops, law limiting the
age of.
Mass
1890
78-83
94
age of.
Children employed in factories and shops, law limiting the
age of.
Children employed in factories and shops, law limiting the
N. J
1885
353-357
137
Ohio..
1890
*23, 24
181
Children employed in factories, schooling certificates of, law Mass
relating to.
1890
93
94
Children employed in factories, schooling certificates of, law
relating to.
N.J..
1885
353-357
137
Children employed in factories, schooling certificates of, law
relating to (Massachusetts).
Minn
1880-90
175
107
Children employed in factories, schooling certificates of law
relating to (Massachusetts).
N. Y..
1884
420-422
149
Children employed in factories, wages and hours of labor of….
Children employed in mines, law limiting the age of.
Children employed in mines, law limiting the age of.
Children employed in various industries, education of..
Children employed in various industries, highest, lowest, and
average wages of
N. Y..
Iowa
1884
30-33
148
1890-91
250
48
Ohio.
1800
11
181
N. J.
1879
88-97
127
R. I...
1891
166-180
218
Children employed in various industries, wages of
Children, employment of, for dangerous or immoral purposes,
law prohibiting (Connecticut).
Children, employment of, for dangerous or immoral purposes,
law prohibiting.
Children, employment of, for dangerous or immoral purposes,
law prohibiting.
Children employed in various industries, number of, 1880.
Children employed in various industries, number, age, sex,
and nativity of.
Children, employment of, by contract, in reformatories, etc.,
law relating to.
N. J
1887
18
140
R. I...
1891
63-152
217
N. J
1879
109-156
127
N. Y..
1884
389
149
N. J
1891
58-64
146
Wis.. 1885-86
18. 19
237
N. Y..
1884
410
149
Children, employment of, for dangerous or immoral purposes,
law prohibiting (Illinois).
N. Y..
1884
411, 412
149
Children, employment of, for dangerous or immoral purposes,
law prohibiting (Massachusetts).
N. Y..
1884
422
149
Children, employment of, in factories, etc.. law relating to
N. Y..
1884
420-422
149
(Massachusetts).
Children, employment of, in factories, etc., law relating to
(Rhode Island).
N. Y..
1884
443-445
149
Children, employment of, in factories, etc., law relating to
(Vermont).
N. Y..
1884
445, 446
149
Children, employment of, in mills or factories, law regulating
(Vermont).
Md...
1888-89
*54
65
Children, employment of, in mines, law relating to (Iowa)..
Children, employment of, in poor, reformatory, and other insti- | N. Y.
tutions.
N. Y..
1884
418
149
1886
90-98
151
Children. employment of, law relating to..
Pa...
1886
38-41
207
* Appendix.
13400-
-17
}
!
258
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
4
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Children, employment of, law relating to (Connecticut)
Children, employment of, law relating to (Illinois)
Children, employment of, law relating to (Massachusetts)
Children, health of, effect of employment upon…….
Children, hours of labor of, in factories (Indiana).
Children, hours of labor of, law regulating.
Children in factories, consideration of ..
•
Children in factories, employment and schooling of, considera
tion of.
Children in factories, employment and schooling of, law re-
lating to (Massachusetts).
Children in factories, hours of labor of ...
Children in factories, law relating to employment of (Maine).
Children in reformatory institutions, contract labor of, law
relating to (New York).
Children, indenture of, in industrial schools of Rochester, law
relating to.
-
Children, instruction of, law relating to (Connecticut).
Children, instruction of, law relating to (Connecticut)
Children, law prohibiting sale of cigarettes and tobacco to
Children, law prohibiting sale of firearms to..
Children, law prohibiting sale of liquor to..
Children, law prohibiting sale of liquor to (supplement).
Children, law providing for protection of..
Children, law providing for protection of
Children, law providing for protection of ...
Children, law relating to protection and employment of.
Children, law relating to schooling and employment of
Children, law relating to schooling and employment of.
Children, law relating to schooling and employment of
Children, law preventing traffic in (Pennsylvania)
Children, law preventing traffic in (Pennsylvania)
Children, law relating to protection of ...
Children, law regulating hours of labor of.
Children, law relating to...
Children, law relating to attendance of, in schools (Massachu-
setts).
Children, law relating to employment of (Massachusetts)
Children, law relating to employment of (New Hampshire).
Children [minors] and women employed in factories and
shops, hours of labor of, law regulating.
Children [minors] and women employed in factories and
shops, hours of labor of, law regulating.
Children [minors] and women employed in factories and
shops, hours of labor of, law regulating (Massachusetts).
Children [minors] and women employed in factories and
shops, hours of labor of, law regulating (Massachusetts).
Children [minors] and women employed in factories and
shops, hours of labor of, law regulating (New Jersey).
Children [minors] and women, employment of, law regulating.
Children [minors] and women, hours of labor of....
Children [minors] employed in mercantile establishments,
law regulating hours of labor of (Massachusetts).
Children (minors], law regulating employment of
Children [minors], law regulating employment of
Children Iminors], law regulating employment of
Children [minors], law regulating hours of labor of, (Mary-
land).
•
Children [minors], law relating to payment of wages to (Now
York).
Children [minors] unable to read and write the English lan-
guage, law relating to employment of (Massachusetts).
Children not to be employed in cleaning dangerous machinery.
Children not to be employed in cleaning dangerous machinery
(Massachusetts).
years of age..
Children, number in the state between 5 and 15
Children, number of, employed, by occupation, nativity, and
Md...
N. Y
Ill..
Md...
1888-89
Colo 1887-88
•
Md
1888-89
*20
65
Md
1888-89
*23-25
65
R. I...
1888
181-185
216
Kans.
1890
47-50
56
Md... 1888-89
*28
65
Ohio..
1890
*23, 24
181
Mass.
1871
487-498
68
Mass
1870
134-158
67
Md... 1888-89
*29-32
65
N.J..
Md... 1888-89
Md..
1880
34-36
128
*29
65
1888-89
*41
66
N. Y..
1887
710, 711
153
-
Md..
1888-80
*17-72
65
N. Y..
1884
404-410
149
N. J
1885
398
137
-
N.J..
1885
397, 398
137
N. J ..
1885
395, 396
137
N.J..
1887
349
141
Mass
1890
4
94
N.J..
1885
390-392
137
N. J
1891
58-64
146
Pa..
1880-81
631-635
202
Mass
1891
XXIV, XXV
95
R. I..
1887
96-99
215
-
.
R. I...
1889
214-217
217
1888-89
*50, 51
65
1884
437
149
·
•
1881-82
412, 413
25
*13
65
489-492
16
Minn. 1889-90
170-1:2
107
Minn. 1889-90
172-174
107
Md..
1888-89
*36-38
65
R. I..
1887
93, 95
215
R. I...
1888
205, 206
216
N. Y..
1884
423, 424
149
R. I...
1888
174, 175
216
N. Y..
1884
430-432
149
N. J
Mass
1883
452-457
134
1889
450-483
92
R. I...
1888
175, 176
216
Cal
1889-90
330
14
Pa...
1879-80
427, 428
200
Pa...
1880-81
583-585
202
|
N. Y ..
1884
419, 420
149
Md...
1888-89
*44
66
R. I...
Mass.
Minn
1888
1890
1889-90
Mass 1874
Mich. 1884
177
210
60
165, 166 107
5
148-150
25 25
94
71
sex.
Children of school age, law relating to enumeration of (Con- N. Y..
necticut).
1884
410
149
Children, percentage of, to total persons employed in various
states.
Pa....
1886
51, 52
207
Children, wages and hours of labor of, in various industries
Children, wages of, by occupations..
N. J
1878
59
125
Mich
1887
242-264
101
Children, wages of, in various industries in United States
and Europe.
U.S..
1885
168--174
219
Children, education of working
Children, education and schooling of working, statistics of.
Children working in mines, law relating to (Iowa).
Children, workingmen's, statistics relating to
Mass
Mich.
1875
1-63
72
Md...
Kans
1887
1888-89
1886
244-263
101
*28, 29
65
135-353
50
- Appendix.
1
INDEX OF LÁBOR BUREAU REPORTS.
259
Bureau report.
Page

Subjects.
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Children's homes, law providing for
Chimneys, lamp, etc., cost of production of.
Chinese, assessors' returns on..
Chinese cigarmaking, effects of trades unions upon
Chinese, displacement of, during fruit harvest of 1886
N. J..
1885
399-401
137
U.S..
1891
341-363
234
Cal.
1885-86
648-745
11
Cal ..
1889-90
·
79, 80, 320-325
13
Cal
1885-86
61-66
9
Chinese immigration, resolutions relating to, offered at con-
vention of chiefs of labor bureaus.
Chinese in different states, number of.
Chinese in New York, raids on, by police
Chinese in the state, consideration of...
Chinese laborers and their mode of living
Ohio..
1886
378
178
Cal
1883-84
169
7
Colo..
1889-90
52-54
17
Colo
1889-90
50-59
17
Cal.
1885-86
80-117
9
· -
Chinese laborers, cost of living and wages of.
-
Cal
1883-84
166-168
7
Chinese, statistics of……..
Chinese unions and strikes, consideration of....
Church attendance of working women, by cities and industries
Churches, statistics of
Cal
1885-86
53-55
9
Cal... 1887-88
182-185
11
U. S..
1888
395-183
225
Churches, statistics of, by counties
Churches, statistics of, by counties..
Churches, statistics of, by counties
Churches, statistics of, by counties
Churches, statistics of, by counties
Churches, statistics of, by counties
Pa.
Ind...
1873-74
98
186
•
1879
415-440
33
Ind.
1882
394-433
36
Ind..
1883
270-305
37
-
Ind... 1884
312-363
38
Ind... 1885-86
3-251
39
N. D. 1889–90
207-217
161
Cigar and tobacco industry, capital invested, value of prod· | Ohio..
ucts, etc., in.
1890
71, 72
181
Cigar and tobacco industry, returns of.
Ohio..
1882
179-182
173
Cigar and tobacco industry, statistics of...
N. J..
1884
50, 51, 150-157,
134
214-229.
Cigar and tobacco industry, statistics of
N. J..
1885
14, 15, 84-87,
135
120-127.
Cigar and tobacco industry, wages and hours of labor of em-
ployés in.
N. Y..
1890
321-334
155
Cigar industry, statistics of.
N. J..
1886
156-159
138
Cigar industry, statistics of (from internal revenue collectors' Wis
reports).
1883-84
218
236
Cigar manufacture, statistics of..
Cal
1889-90
76-80
Cigarmakers' International Union of America, history and
statistics of.
Conn
1891
1416-1423
2323
13
Cigarmaking, Chinese, effect of trades unions upon.
Cigarmaking, law relating to tenement house.
Cal
1889-90
79,80,320–325
13
N. Y..
1884
387
149
Cigarette and tobacco selling to children, law prohibiting.
Circulars, value of, in securing statistics.
Cities and boroughs, indebtedness of……..
-
Cities and counties, expenses and indebtedness of.
Cities and towns, dates of incorporation, value of property,
etc., of.
Cities and towns, description and statistics of.
Cities and towns, financial condition and rate of taxation of..
Cities, law regulating rates and weekly payment of wages by.
Citizens and aliens in the state, statistics of, 1885...
Citizens and aliens, number of …….
N. J..
1885
398
137
Mass
1874
23, 24
71
Pa.... 1876-77
694-799
195
Iowa 1886-87
369-375
45
Ind... 1879
358-366
33
Ind... 1887-88
1-148
40
Iowa
1888-89
303-353
46
Mass
1890
27
94
Mass
1888
119-225
90
R. I...
1890
1-317
217
Citizenship, statistics of ..
Mass
1882
93-191
81
Citizenship, statistics of.
R. I..
1890
3-319
217
City indebtedness, statistics of.
Ind...
1881
273
35
City population, growth of..
Md...
1886-87
17,18
64
Clay and clay products industry, consideration and statistics of N. J
Clay, brick, and glass industries, statistics of……
1883
228-280
133
N. J
1881
165-169
130
Clay product industries, statistics of.
Pa...
1884
152, 153
205
Clay product industries, statistics of……
Pa...
1885
101-103
207
Clergymen and teachers, wages and cost of living of..
Mass
1874
24-27
71
Clergymen, physicians, teachers, etc., opinions of, on ques
R. I...
1891
22-62
217
tions affecting child labor.
Clerks, wages of, in Chicago
ni
1881-82
352-354
25
Climate of southern New Jersey, consideration of.
N.J..
1878
211-222
126
Climate of the state, consideration of…….
N. J
1879
5-8
127
Clothing industry, statistics of.
N. J
1879
134, 135
127
Clothing made in unhealthy places, law relating to.
Clothing, manufacture of, wages and hours of labor of em-
ployés in.
Clothing, manufacture of, wages and hours of labor of em-
ployés in.
Mass
1890
XXVIII, XXIX
94
N. Y..
1888
482-197
153
N. Y..
1890
272-283
155
Coal, amount and value of production of...
Ohio..
1880
1219
170
Coal, amount mined per man per day, statistics of ...
Coal, amount of, produced by various companies, 1842-'91.
Coal, analyses of, in various counties...
Ill...
1889-90
XXXVIII-XL
31
Md.
Mo..
Coal and coke trade of Monongahela valley, statistics of.
Pa...
1890-91
1883
1872-73
220-224
- 66
107-109
112
289-291
184
Coal and food, prices of various kinds of.
Colo.. 1887-88
271-287
16
Coal and iron ore, world's production of………
U. S..
Coal and iron trade of Pittsburgh, statistics of.
Pa...
Coal and other minerals, statistics of.
Mo..
Coal and pig iron, production of (Germany), 1863-'82
Coal and wood, prices of, Milwaukee, 1880-81
U. S...
1890
1873-74
1887
1885
22
231
407-409
188
257,258
117
53
219
Wis
1883-84
212–211
236
260
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
Coal, annual shipments of, 1820-'72
Coal, anthracite, analyses of.
Coal, anthracite, price of, Philadelphia, 1834-'65
Coal, anthracite, production and shipments of, 1820-'79.
Coal, anthracite, production of, by counties, 1820-'80
Coal, average price of, at minos, in certain counties.
Coal, bituminous, analyses of..
Coal, bituminous, analyses of
Coal, bituminous, cost of production of, in United States, Can- | U. S .
ada, and Europe.
Coal, consumption of, in United States..
Coal, cost of production of, per ton..
State.
Year.
Page.
this
book.
Pa...
1872-73
Pa... 1873-74
213-216
183
206-208
187
Pa... 1873-74
208, 209
187
Pa..
1878-79
17
197
Pa.. 1879-80
19
199
Mo....
1883
124
112
Pa..
1874-75
256-270
189
U. S
1890
206-208
232
· -
1890
195-227
232
Pa.... 1873-74
229
187
Md.. 1890-91
209
66
Coal deposits in the state, report of Prof. Babcock on
Coal exported, amount of, United States, 1878……….
N. D.. 1889-90
33-48
160
Pa.. 1879-80
21
199
Coal fields, anthracite, and their exhaustion, consideration of Pa.
Coal fields, anthracite, statistics of.
1879-80
8-18
198
Pa.
1873-74
211-218
187
-
=
Coal fields, area of.
Pa..
1872-73
201-210
183
Coal fields, area of.
Coal fields, bituminons, available tonnage of
Coal industry of the state..
Coal industry, statistics of ……….
Pa...
1879-80
22-33
199
Pa..
1880-81
11-26
201
-
Md
1890-91
195-235
66
Mich
1889
19-29
102
Coal, iron, and steel industries, actual and theoretical earn-
ings and working time of employés in.
U. S..
1890
285-579
232
Coal, iron, and steel, production of (France), 1829-'83.
U.S..
1885
42
218
Coal, iron, lead, and zinc mines, amount and value of prod
ucts of.
Mo..
1889
88-109
118
Coal, iron, lead, and zinc mining, statistics of
Mo
1890
† 5-141
120
Coal lease mortgages and liens for wages, law relating to (sup.
plement).
Pa....
1879-80
437, 438
200
Coal mine inspectors, reports of, by counties
Coal mine inspectors, reports of, by counties.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of, by districts..
Coal miners and operators, contracts between
Coal miners, condition of
-
•
·
•
Coal mine explosion at Rich Hill, investigation of
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal inine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
Coal mine inspectors, reports of.
·
•
Coal mine employés, general condition, hours of labor, and
wages of.
Iowa
1888-89 125-134, 191-197
46
Mo
1888
8-55
117
Ill.
1885-86
559-622
30
Mo
1882
147-152
111
Mo
1883
81-127
112
Mo
1886
29-73
115
"
Pa.
1876-77
201-318
194
-
Pa..
1877-78
33-335
196
Pa..
1878-79
389-655
198
Pa.... 1879-80
286-423
200
Pa.
1880-81
393-579
201
Pa.
1881-82
la-163a
203
Pa.
1882-83
1a-153a
204
Pa.
1884
1a-239a
206
Pa.
1885
1a-304b
207
Pa...
1886
1a-220b
207
Pa.
1887
11-9 W
209
Ill
1881-82
12-104
24
III
1887-88
360-442
Ill...
1883-84 421-423, 440-604
Coal miners and iron and steel workers, agreement of (Penn-
sylvania).
Mass. 1881
10-63
22223
30
27
79
On10..
Iowa
1880
1888-89
1239-1241
170
125-134
46
Coal miners, condition of
Coal miners' contracts
·
Coal miners, general condition of.
Coal miners, health and safety of, law relating to
Coal miners, hours of labor and wages of .
Mo...
Iowa
1889
1888-89
9-66
118
170-173
46
-
lowa.. 1886-87
165-190
44
III
1881-82
389-397
25
Iowa.. 1886-87
165-187
44
Coal miners, hours of labor and wages of
Iowa.. 1888-89
134-169
46
Coal miners, hours of labor and wages of
Kans
1885
140, 141
49
•
-
Coal miners, law protecting (Pennsylvania)
Ohio.
1880
1237, 1238
170
-
Coal miners, monthly wages of
Kans.
1889
167-179
55
Coal miners, monthly wages of…
Ohio.
1879
74,75
167
Coal miners, number and working time of, statistics of
Coal miners, reply of, to protest of coal operators against ad-
verse legislation.
Ill...
1889-90
XXXI-XXXVII
32
1889-90
410-420
32
Coal miners, social condition of
Kans
Coal miners, social condition of, in certain communities.
Coal miners, strikes of, at Bevier, investigation of
Ill..
Coal miners' wages, modes of payment of, report of committeo
Mo...
Ohio..
1886
1883-84
1888
1883
192-200
50
430--439
27
127--138 118
290-315
175
on.
Coal miners, wages of.
Ill
1887-88 336, 337, 357-442
31
Coal miners, wages of…………
Mo..
Coal mines, accidents in. (See Accidents in coal mines.)
Coal mines, accounts of strikes occurring in
Coal mines, amount and value of product of
Coal miners' wages on basis of prices of coal, at Port Carbon,
Pennsylvania, 1869–72.
Mass
1884
1881
272-279
113
27-45
79
Coal mines and coal mine employés, condition of
Iowa..
Ohio.
Mo..
*
1888-89
1890
1880
197-200
46
43--49
181
91-121
109
† Volume II.
INDEX OF LABQR BUREAU REPORTS.-
261
Bureau report.
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Coal mines and coal mine employés, lost time of (derivable).. Pa.
Coal mines, annual earnings of employés in
Pa...
1889
4B-64B
210
Ohio.
1880
1216-1225
170
Coal mines, anthracite, accidents in, statistics of.
-
Pa.. 1875-76
471-487
191
Coal mines, average earnings of employés in
Ohio.. 1883
15
174
Coal mines, average wages of employés in.
Pa..
1875-76 324-331, 444-463
191
Coal mines, capacity and condition of...
Μο
1883
83-127
112
Coal mining, capital invested in
Iowa.. 1886-87
213
44
Coal mines, character and product of
Mo..
1888
125
118
Coal mines, condition of employés and rates of wages per
ton in.
Coal mines, convict labor in
·
Coal mines, earnings of employés in.
Coal mines, earnings of employés in.
Coal mines, health and safety of employés in, law providing
for.
Coal mines, health and safety of employés in, law providing
for.
Coal mines, health and safety of employés in, law providing
for.
Coal mines, health and safety of employés in, law providing
for (amended).
·
Coal mines, hours of labor and annual earnings of employés in.
Coal mines, hours of labor and wages of employés in
Coal mines, hours of labor and wages of employés in
Coal mines, hours of labor and wages of employés in
Coal mines, hours of labor and wages of employés in
Coal mines, hours of labor and wages of employés in
Coal mines, hours of labor and wages of employés in
Coal mines in which machines are used, statistics of.
Coal mines, increase and decrease of wages of employés in.
Coal mines, increase and decrease of wages of employés in.
Coal mines, inspection of, law providing for...
Coal mines, inspection of, law providing for.
Ohio..
1884
268-275
175
Kans
1886
173-178
50
Pa...
1888
VIB-123B
209
Pa..
1889
35B-66B
210
Pa... 1879-80
441-468
200
Pa.... 1880-81
599-631
202
Pa.... 1888
Pa.... 1882-83
Ohio 1885
Colo.. 1887-88
441-468
200
178a-187a
201
201-208
177
292
16
Iowa.. 1884-85
282-285
44
Iowa.. 1888-89 125-134, 191-197
46
Kans
1885
132-141
49
Kans
1886
113-205
50
Kans
1887
260-264
53
Ill..
1887-88
358, 359
31
Ohio..
1881
58,59
172
Ohio
1883
192-196
174
Pa...
1879-80
441-468
200
Pa.
1880-81
599-631
202
Coal mines, inspectors of, law relating to..
Ill.
1879-80
218-221
23
Coal mines, products of, amount of.
Pa
1873-74
396-406
188
-
Coal mines, products of, amount of..
Pa.. 1880-81
1-8, 430–433,
201
470-473, 528–531
Coal mines, products of, amount of.
Pa….
Coal mines, products of, amount of (United States), 1869, 1878. Pa.
Coal mines, products of, amount and value of.
1881-82
1879-80
1,3
202
20
199
Ohio.. 1890
43-49
181
Coal mines, products of, amount and value of.
Coal mines, products of, amount and value of
Pa.
Pa..
1874-75
172-215
189
F
1875-76 332-336, 447-465
191
Coal mines, products of, amount and value of
Pa...
1876–77
82-186, 423-441
194
Coal mines, products of, amount and value of
Pa.
1877-78
336-533
196
Coal mines, products of, amount and value of
Pa.
1878-79
19-22, 37-39
197
Coal mines, products of, statistics of (Great Britain), 1854–
Pa.
1872-73
198-200
183
1872.
Coal mines, returus of employés in
Ohio..
1881
52-74
172
Coal mines, returns of employés in
Ohio.
1883
162-212
174
Coal mines, returns of employés and operators in
Ohio..
1882
65-101
173
Coal mines, strikes in, statistics of.
Mo
1889
120-122
118
-
Coal mines, time lost by employés in
Ohio..
1884
272, 273
175
Coal mines, ventilation, air pressure, and safety lamps in,
consideration of
Pa..
1875-76
466-470
191
Coal mines, ventilation of.
Ill..
1881-82 113-118, 122-124
24
Coal mines, ventilation of, address on, by Thomas Fowler
Mo..
1887
212-217
117
Coal mines, ventilation of, law requiring proper.
Pa... 1880-81
603-622
202
Coal mines, ventilation of, statistics of.
Pa..
1876-77
204-311
194
Coal mines, ventilation of, statistics of
Pa..
1877-78
82-331
196
Coal mines, ventilation of, statistics of.
Pa..
1878-79
396-653
198
Coal mines, ventilation of, statistics of.
Coal mines, ventilation of, statistics of.
Coal mines, ventilation of, statistics of.
Coal mines, ventilation of, statistics of.
Coal mines, ventilation of, statistics of..
Coal mines, wages and hours of labor of employés in.
Coal mines, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Coal mines, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Coal mines, wages and hours of labor, of employés in
Coal mines, wages and hours of labor of employés in.
Coal mines, wages and hours of labor of employés in.
Coal mines, wages of employés in.
Coal mines, wages of employés in.
Pa..
Md.
Pa.
1880-81
434-577
201
Pa.
1881-82
32a-161a
203
Pa.... 1882-83
26a-152a
204
Pa...
1881
41a-237a
206
1885
16a-301b
207
1884-85
80-86
63
"
·
Ohio.. 1880
Ohio.. 1887
Pa.. 1876-77
1216-1225
170
137-145
179
82-445
194
Pa.
1877-78
336-535
196
-
Pa...
1878-79
24-48
197
Ill.. 1889-90
XXVI-201
31
Iowa 1886-87 165–187, 214–217
44
Coal mines, wages of employés in.
Coal mines, wages of employés in.
Coal mines, wages of employés in.
Coal mines, wages of employés in.
Coal mines, wages of employés in.
Coal mines, wages of employés in.
Mo..
1879
89-91
109
Mo..
1884
272-279
113
Pa.. 1872-73
336-380
184
Pa... 1874-75 172-215, 487-492
189
Pa.. 1879-80
202-205
200
Coal mines, wages of employés in, 1875-'81...
Coal mines, wages of employés in, 1875-'82..
Pa...
1888
Pa.. 1880-81
Pa.... 1881-82
VIB-123B, 2-C
209
23C
160
201
70
202
262
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
#
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
State. Year.
Page.
of
this
book.
Coal mines, wages of employés in, 1875-'83.
Coal mines, wages of employés in (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
and Ohio).
Pa.... 1882-83
Iowa. 1890-91
99
204
174-176
47
Coal mines, wages of employés in, in the state and England..
Coal mines, working time of, 1885-'89
Coal mines, working time of employés in.
Coal mines, working time of employés in
Coal mines, working time of, statistics of
-
Pa....
1884
4-6
205
Pa...
1889
4B-34B
210
Pa....
1888
VIB-123B
209
Pa...
1889
35 B-64B
210
Ill..
1889-90
XXXI-XXXIII
31
288-290-
Coal mining, bituminous, abuses in, investigation of.
Coal mining, capital invested, etc., in
Coal mining, capital invested, etc., in
Pa...
1872-73
469-479
Kans
1886
113, 114
Kaus
1887
185395
260-263
·
53
Coal mining, capital invested, etc., in
Coal mining, capital invested, etc., in
Kans
Pa..
1889
158
55
1878-77
82-186, 319-441
194
Coal mining, capital invested, etc., in
Coal mining, consideration of...
Pa
Ill
1877-78
336-533
·
198
1879-80
217-225
23
Coal mining, consideration of, and statistical summaries.
Coal mining, consideration of, by counties
Ill...
Μο
1889-90
XVII-LXXI
31
1888
60-99
117
Coal mining, history and statistics of...
Pa.. 1878-79
12-48
197
Coal mining, increase and decrease in prices per ton paid for…. Ohio..
Coal mining, inspectors' reports and statistics of
1880
12-26
170
Mo...
1885
117-155
114
Coal mining, labor troubles in, consideration of..
Pa...
1872-73
325-364
184
Coal mining, law relating to
Md
1890-91
231-235
66
Coal mining, law relating to
Mo
1883
71-79
111
Coal mining, law relating to
Mo.
1884
133-141
112
Coal mining, law relating to
·
Pa...
1879-80
433-468
200
Coal mining, law relating to
Pa..
1880-81
599-631
202
Coal mining, law relating to (Indiana)
Coal mining, methods and machinery, consideration of
Mo
1880
117-121
109
Ill... 1881-82
113-124
24
Coal mining, prices per ton paid for..
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
-
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
-
-
-
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
·
Ohio.. 1890
43-49
181
Ill.
1879-80
171-192
23
Iowa
1890-91
174
47
Ill
1881-82
1-112
24
·
Ill
1883-84
423-604
27
-
Ill
1885-86
527-622
30
Ill
1887-88
323-442
30
Ill
1889-90
279-389
32
•
Ind...
1884
480-482
38
Ind
1885-86
312
39
Ind..
1889-90
450-458
42
Iowa
1884-85
281-286
44
Iowa
1886-87
211-217
44
·
Kans
1885
132-141
48
Kans..
1886
109-205
50
Kans..
1887
259-265
53
Kans..
1888
140-150
54
Kans..
1889
157-181
55
-
Md..
1884-85
80-86
64
Md
1886-87
136-138
65
Md. 1890-91
219-229
66
Mich..
1889
19-29
102
Mo..
1884
272-299
113
Μο
1887
182-211
117
N. D..
1889-90
47,48
160
Ohio..
1880
1210-1249
170
Ohio..
1890
43-49
181
Pa.... 1875-70
236-493
191
Pa.... 1876-77
82-199, 319-445
194
Pa.
1877-78
336-558
196
Pa... 1879-80
22-33
199
Pa... 1880-81
1-25, 395-579
201
Pa.
1881-82
1,2
202
Coal, prices of, at Port Carbon, Pa., 1869-1872
Coal, prices of, per ton (Belgium), 1831–1883.
Coal, prices of, Philadelphia, 1826-1875
Coal produced in the world, amount of.
Coal produced in the world, amount of....
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
Coal mining, statistics of
-
+
-
Coal mining, statistics of (United States), 1870.
Coal mining, statistics and returns relating to.
Coal mining, statistics and returns relating to.
Coal mining, statistics and returns relating to.
Coal mining, wages paid for, 1856-'91....
Coal oil. (See Petroleum.)
Coal operators, protest of, against adverse legislation.
Coal, price per ton paid for mining.
Coal, prices of, in United States and Europe, in certain years.
Pa
1882-83
1,2
203
Pa.
1884
82, 83
205
Pa..
1886
2a-220b
207
Pa
1887
101-6 W
209
Pa.
1873-74
243, 244
187
Ohio..
-
Ohio..
1877
1878
116-156
163
42-64
164
-
Ohio.. 1879
Md.
71-106
167
1890-91
226
66
Ill..
1889-90
393-409
32
Ohio..
Mass
U.S.. 1890
1883
43-49
181
1881
27-45
79
228, 229
232
U. S..
Pa.... 1875-76
1885
47,48
218
488, 489
192
Pa..
1873-74
Pa... 1874-75
244
187
473
190
Coal produced in various states, amount and value of, 1885
Coal production
Mo.. 1886
32, 33
115
Ill.
1879-80
217, 218
23
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
263

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Coal production
Coal production, 1882–1385....
Coal production, amount and value of…….
Coal production and shipments, statistics of.
Ill.
1885-86
558
30
U. S
1885
70
219
Ohio..
1880
1217
170
Pa...
1874-75
472-492
190
Coal production, by counties
Coal production, by counties.
Coal production, by counties..
Coal production, by counties.
Coal production, consideration and statistics of.
Coal production, consideration and statistics of..
Ill
1881-82
12, 13
24
Kans.
1886
112
50
Kans
1888
141, 142
54
-
Pa.
1888
109C
210
Coal screening, system of, report of committee on
Coal production, by districts...
Coal production, statistics of..
Coal production, statistics of (Belgium), 1831-1883.
Coal production, statistics of (Great Britain), 1854-1872.
Coal screen law, opinion of miners on
Coal screens, consideration of....
Coal screens, dimensions of ..
Ill
1883-84
425-428
27
Ill
1881-82
1-124
24
Ill
1889-90
305-389
32
Ill
1887-88
357-442
30
U.S..
1885
47, 48
218
?
Pa.... 1872-73
198-200
183
Ohio.. 1883
290-315
175
Kans. 1888
17-22
53
Ohio.. 1880
1231-1237
170
Kans. 1885
134
49
Coal screens, distribution and dimensions of..
Ill... 1885-86
556, 557
30
Coal screens, opinions of operators relating to.
Iowa
1884-85 229-235, 370-373
43
Coal, shipments of, 1872, 1873
Pa...
1873-74
225-242
187
Coal, shipments of, 1820-1875..
Pa..
1875-76
490, 491
192
Coal, shipments of, over Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.. Pa...
1874-75
225-231
189
Coal, steam-raising power of...
Pa..
1874-75
271,272
189
Coal, weighing of, law relating to.
Iowa
1890-91
252-255
48
-
Coal, weighing of, law relating to.
Mo
1885
224-226
115
Coal, weighing of, law relating to.
Coal, weighing of, law relating to
Coal, weighing of, law relating to.
Coal, weighing of, law relating to
•
→
Pa...
1879-80
433-435
200
Pa.
1880-81
589-591
200
Pa..
1882-83
173a-175a
204
Mo
1886
283, 284
116
Coal, weighing of, law relating to (amended)
Coal, weighing of, law relating to (Missouri) -
·
Mo..
Kans.
1887
187
117
1
1886
191, 192
50
Coke and coal trade of Monongahela valley, statistics of.
Coke, cost of production of, in United States and Europe.
Coke industry, consideration of
Pa.
U.S
1872-73
289-291
184
-
1890
231-242
231
Pa.
1874-75
232-255
189
Coke industry, consideration of.
Pa.
1877-78
440-444
196
Coke industry, consideration and statistics of
Pa.
1873-74
399-404
188
Coke industry, statistics of……
Pa
1879-80
27-33
199
Coke industry, statistics of..
Pa.
1880-81
9,10
201
་
Coke, prices of, in United States and Belgium, in certain years.
Coke, production of, by counties..
U.S
1890
243
232
Pa...
1888
108C
210
Coke region of Connellsville, condition of labor in, descrip- Pa.
1887
1F-18F
208
tion of.
Cokeworkers' strike, history of.
Coke region of Connellsville, wages of employés at different
times in.
Pa....
1887
6 F
208
Pa...
1891
2 D-13 D
213
College graduates, female, health of, statistics of ..
Mass
1885
471-532
86
College, state, historical sketch of
Pa...
1874-75
431-471
189
Colleges and academies, statistics of
Pa...
1872-73
162-165
183
Colleges, etc., statistics of..
Colleges, study of statistics in
Pa...
1873-74
124, 125
186
Minn. 1887-88
27-44
106
Colonial laws encouraging industries.
Combinations and strikes, consideration of.
Conn
Mich
1887
46-60
18
-
1885
18-60
97
·
Combinations and trusts, consideration of
Ohio..
1888
192-212
179
Combinations and trusts, consideration of.
Ohio.. 1889
136-232
180
Combinations and trusts, law prohibiting formation of.
Combinations and trusts, remedy for evils of...
Combinations by workingmen, consideration of.
Combinations by workingmen, history of.
Combinations by workingmen, law relating to.
Combinations by workingmen, law relating to.
Commerce and manufactures of Erie, statistics of
Commerce and manufactures of Philadelphia, consideration
and statistics of.
Iowa. 1890-91
Ohio..
Ohio.. 1877
Mass 1871
N.J.. 1885
263-265
48
1888
209, 210
179
23-39
162
12-39
68
416
137
- -
N.J.. 1891
88
146
Pa.. 1875-76
910-916
193
Pa... 1875-76
868-909
192
Commerce and manufactures of Pittsburgh, consideration and
statistics of.
Pa.... 1875-76
97-181
191
Commerce, foreign, statistics of
Ind.
1885-86
425-427
40
Commerce, navigation, and shipbuilding on the Delaware,
Pa…….
1891
1C-149C
213
history and statistics of.
Commerce of Erie, statistics of
Pa.
1872-73
292-294
184
· ·
Commerce of Erie, statistics of
Pa.
1873-74
318-320
187
Commerce of Erie, statistics of
Pa..
1874-75
520
190
Commerce of Philadelphia, statistics of.
Pa..
1872-73
268-277
184
Commerce of Philadelphia, statistics of.
Pa
1873-74
321-348
187
Commerce of Philadelphia, statistics of.
Pa.
1874-75
493-519
190
Commercial paper maturing on holidays, law relating to
Commercial paper maturing on holidays, law relating to
Commercial paper maturing on holidays, law relating to
Commission to revise mining laws, law providing for
Commissioner of industrial statistics, duties and powers of,
law defining.
-
Pa.... 1882-83
R. I…….
N.J
1890
470,471
146
•
N. J
1891
25-27
146
·
N. Y.. 1887
756-758, 761
153
171a, 172a
204
1887
100, 101
215
264
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Pago.
book.
Commodities, prices of
Commissioner of industrial statistics, duties and powers of,
law defining.
Commissioner of labor, duties and powers of, law defining.
Commissioner of labor, duties and powers of, law defining.
Commissioner of labor, duties and powers of, law defining.
Commissioner of labor, duties and powers of, law defining.
Commissioner of labor, duties and powers of, law defining.
Commissioner of labor, duties and powers of, law defining.
Commissioner of labor, powers of, law defining.
Commissioner of labor, powers of, law defining.
Commissioner of labor, powers of, law defining (New York).
Commissioners of labor, reports on eight-hour law from
Commissioner of mines, law providing for..
Commissioner of industrial statistics, duties and powers of,
law defining.
R. I...
1888
210, 211
216
R. I...
1889
213, 214
217
Ohio..
Ohio.. 1880
Ohio.. 1881
Ohio.. 1886
1879
306
169
1327
172
237
173
319
178
Ohio.
1890
*53-55
181
Wis
1885-86
1-4
237
N. Y ..
1886
9
150
N. Y..
1887
708, 709
153
Ohio.
1887
6,7
179
Kans
1891
30-35
57.
N.J.. 1891
582, 583
147
Ohio..
1887
145-161
179
Commodities, prices of
-
Mass
1872
509-513
69
Commodities, prices of
Mich.
1885
246-251
98
Commodities, prices of
Mich
1886
167-172
99
Commodities, prices of
N. J..
1886
17-20, 76-79
138
Commodities, prices of
Ohio..
1887
145-161
179
Commodities, prices of
Pa...
1890
44 A-47 A
211
Commodities, prices of
Wis
1883-84
227-233
236
Commodities, prices of, 1858, 1878 ...
N. J..
1878
278
126
Commodities, prices of, at company and cash stores compared. Ohio.
Commodities, prices of, by counties
1882
96-98
173
Mo...
1889
288-297
118
Commodities, prices of, by items, 1752-1860
Mass
1885
201-422
86
Commodities, prices of, in Massachusetts and England
Mass
1882
428, 429
82
Commodities, prices of, in various cities and towns (United
States and Canada).
Commodities, prices of, in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and
New York compared.
Pa... 1874-75
524-525
190
´N. J..
1882
74,75
131
-
Commodities, prices of, paid by miners in certain localities.
Commodities, prices of, United States and Europe compared.
Commodities, prices of, United States and foreign countries.
Communism in the state.
Company and cash stores, prices of commodities at, com-
pared.
Company and cash stores, prices of food at, compared
Company [corporation] store system, law prohibiting
Company [corporation] store system, law prohibiting
Company store [H. C. Frick & Co.], correspondence, and testi-
mony relating to.
Company store system, complaints against
Company store system, consideration of …….
Company store system, consideration of
Company store system, consideration of
Company store system, consideration of
Company store system, consideration of
Company store system, consideration of
Company store system, consideration of
Company store system, consideration of
Company store system, consideration of
Company store system, consideration of, and returns on
Pa.. 1880-81 174-176, 591-593
Ohio
1877
145-148
163
Ohio.
1879
302
169
Mo...
1880
56-57
109
Ill..
1879-80
163--169
23
Ohio..
1882
96-98
173
Ohio..
1883
191
175
Pa..
1879-80
435
200
201
•
Pa...
1879-80
198-201
200
N. Y..
1886
654
151
Iowa. 1886–87
403, 404
45
Kans
1886
200-205
50
Mo
1889
14-66
118
Mo..
1890
†15-18
119
Ohio..
1877
156-192
163
Ohio..
1878
115-129
165
Ohio….
1879
107-123
167
Ohio.
1885
213-228
177
Pa....
1878-79
354-388
198
Mo
1880
13-42
109
·
Company store system, extent of, investigation of
N.J
1887
186-188
140
Company store, system in England, consideration of.
Mass. 1872
568-579
69
Company store system, law prohibiting
Mo
1884
141-142
112
Company store system, law prohibiting
Mo..
1885
217, 218, 229, 230
115
Company store system, law prohibiting
Company store system, law prohibiting
Company store system, law prohibiting
Company store system, law prohibiting
Company store system, law prohibiting
Company store system, law prohibiting
Company store system. law prohibiting
Μυ
1886
275, 288, 289
116
·
N. J
1891
71, 72
146
Ohio.. 1878
115, 325
166
Ohio.. 1881
250
173
Ohio.. 1885
215, 216
177
Ohio.. 1886
+
327, 328
178
Ohio.. 1890
*19, 20
181
Company store system, law prohibiting (supplement).
Company store system, law prohibiting (Oliio)
Ohio.. 1879
108, 109
167
Mass
1879
IX, X
76
Company store system, laws of the state, and Indiana, New
Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and England, pro-
hibiting.
Mo..
1889
418-446
119
Company store system, laws of the state, and New Jersey
and Ohio, prohibiting.
Mo..
1880
39-42
109
Company stores, consideration of .
Mass
1872
409-421
69
Company stores, consideration of
N. J
1882
81-85
131
-
Company stores in various parts of the state
Ill..
1885-86
333, 334
29
Company stores, law prohibiting, operations and results of.
Company stores, law relating to
Ohio..
1883
290-315
175
N. J
1885
365-368
137
Company stores of cotton and woollen mills, returns on the
trade with.
N.C..
1891
128-154
160
Company stores, opinions of employés relating to
Iowa
1884-85
217-222
43
*Appendix.
† Volume I.
HM
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
265

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State. Year.
Page.
book.
Company stores, prices of various kinds of food at.
Company stores, returns on the trade with
Ohio..
N.C.. 1887
1880
1248, 1249
170
16-31
156
Company stores, returns on the trade with
Ohio.. 1882
94, 95
173
Company stores, status of
Ill...
1879-80
228
23
Competition between localities in production of cotton and
Mass
1881
343-357
80
woollen textiles.
Competition, convict labor, consideration of....
Mich
1887
209-211
100
Competition in the state in the manufacture and sale of goods Mass
Competitors of labor, consideration of
1889
207-225
91
Ohio
1887
9-14
179
·
Competitors of labor, consideration of.
Ohio..
1889
9-25
180
Complaint, form of, for violation of law regulating employ- | Mass
ment of women and children.
1891
XXII, XXIII
95
Compulsory education. (See Education, compulsory.)
Compulsory school age. (See School age, compulsory.)
Conciliation and arbitration.
(See Arbitration and concilia-
tion.)
Condition, actual and theoretical, of railroad employés, by | U.S .
occupations.
· 1889
147-162
230
Condition and capacity of coal mines.
Mo
1883
83-127
112
Condition and earnings of employés in coal mines
Ohio..
1884
268-275
175
Condition and wages of workingmen.
Nebr 1889-90
79-90
123
-
Condition and wages of workingwomen.
Condition and wages of workingwomen in Boston.
Ohio..
Mass
1879
267-276
169
1871
197-230
68
-
Condition, comparative, of manufacturers and labor, 1875, 1877| Mass
Condition, conjugal, and nationality of female employés in
various industries.
Condition, conjugal, of workingwomen, by cities and indus-
tries.
1878
1-9
75
•
R. I...
1889
26-136
216
U.S..
1888
304-325
225
Condition, educational, moral, and financial, of farm laborers.
Condition, educational, of women and children in various in-
dustries, Baltimore.
N. C
1887
Md.. 1888-89
81-137
156
153-169
65
Condition, educational, of women and children in various in-
dustries, counties.
Condition, financial, of workingmen
Condition, general, of working establishments...
Condition, number, and wages of employés in oil refineries,
Md... 1888-89
202-204
65
Mo
1880
79-88
109
Cal
1887-88
17-66
11
Ohio.. 1878
220, 221
165
Cleveland.
Condition of children at work
Minn 1889-90
185-233
107
Condition of coal miners
Mo
1889
9-66
118
Condition of coal mines and coal-mine employés
Mo
1880
91-121
109
Condition of employés in building trades
Wis
1888-89
1-120
239
Condition of employés in cotton and woollen mills.
N.C
1891
128-199
160
Condition of employés in tobacco factories.
N.C
1891
209-220
160
Condition of employés in various industries
Mass
1889
231-285
91
-
Condition of employés in various industries
Condition of employés in various industries
Condition of employés, special trade reports showing
Condition of employés, statements of employers on
Condition of factory operatives...
N. J ..
1883
113-137
133
R. I...
1888
4-55, 129-141
215
Md...
1886-87
129-154
65
Mass
1871
188-394
68
Mass
1871
459-486
68
Condition of homes of workingmen.
Conn
1885
91-94
17
Condition of homes of working people
Mass
1872
437-443
69
Condition of individual families, presentation of.
Mass
1875
218-354
72
Condition of labor..
Mich.
1881
179-200
97
Condition of labor in the Connellsville coke region, descrip. | Pa……..
1887
1F-18F
208
tion of.
Condition of labor (workingmen's returns).
Mo..
1882
111-118
111
Condition of laboring classes, consideration of
Mass
1872
13-541
69
Condition of lead mines and lead-mine emyloyés
Mo
1880
122-127
109
-
Condition of miners' homes
Mo.
1889
283-287
118
Condition of working classes, consideration of..
Mass
1873
273-322, 397–410
70
Condition of workingmen, Fall River, Lowell, and Lawrence. Mass
1882
193-415
81
Condition of workingmen in various industries.
Mich
1889
3-227
102
Condition of workingmen in various industries
N. J
1885
141-228
135
Condition of workingmen in various industries
Ohio.. 1877
54-148, 260–262
162
Condition of workingmen in various industries
Wis 1885-86
442-445
238
Condition of workingmen, returns on
Pa...
1885
122-186
207
Condition of workingmen, statistics of
Kaus. 1885
216-231
49
Condition of workingmen, statistics of
Kans
1888
169-265
54
Condition of workingmen, workingmen's statements on.
Mass
Condition of workingmen's families.
Kans
1871
1887
447–452, 570-621
68
75-171
52
Condition of workingmen's families.
N.C.. 1889
243-285
158
Condition of workingmen's families (Europe)
U.S... 1885
411-456
221
Condition of workingmen's homes..
Mo...
1890
†414-569
120
Condition of workingmen's homes.
Pa..
1882-83
112-115
204
Condition of working people in various industries
N.C
1888
8-209
157
Condition of workingwomen
Minn 1837-88
131-196
106
Condition of workingwomen
Mo.
Condition of workingwomen
1891
U.S... 1888
475-495
121
11-27
225
Condition of workingwomen in various industries
Ohio..
1889
36-49
180
Condition of workingwomen in various industries
R. I...
1889
25-169
216
Condition of workingwomen, investigation of by Mrs. Leo- | N. J...
nora M. Barry.
1887
202-206
140
1
266
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
!
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Condition, sanitary, of factories and shops (Baltimore)
Condition, sanitary, of factories and shops (counties)
Condition of workingwomen, statistics of,
Condition, sanitary, of factories and homes of employés..
Coudition, sanitary, of factories and shops.
Condition, sanitary, of factories and shops.
Condition, sanitary, of factories and shops
Condition, sanitary, of factories and shops
Condition, sanitary, of factories and shops.
-
-
•
*
Cal....
1887--88
32-108
11
N. Y..
1884
34-55
148
•
Mo...
1880
129-143
109
Mo....
1884
146-178
113
Mo....
1890
+88-188
119
N. Y ..
1885
81-117
150
Ohio..
1889
32
180
Md
1888-89
153-169
65
Md
1888-89
202-204
65
Condition, sanitary, of factories and shops in which fe-
R. I...
1889
27-137
216
males are employed.
L
Condition, sanitary, of homes and sbops of workingwomen, U.S...
by cities and industries.
1888
395-483
225
Condition, sanitary, of laboring classes, Cincinnati
Ohio
1878
287-292
166
Condition, sanitary, of workingmen's homes
Ohio
1882
211-218
- -
174
Condition, sanitary, of workingmen's homes.
Ohio..
1883
137-161
174
Condition, sanitary, of workingmen's homes in the United
Mass
1875
389-410
73
States and in foreign countries.
Condition, sanitary, of working women's homes
Condition, social. (See Social condition.)
Conductors, railroad, inexperienced, law prohibiting employ | Ohio..
N. Y..
1885
71-80
150
1890
*50, 51
181
ment of.
Conflagrations, boiler explosions, and accidents, statistics of.
Congressional vote, 1886
Ohio
1881
101-109
172
Ind..
1885-86
324-328
39
Conjugal condition and nationality of female employés in
various industries.
R. I...
1889
26-136
216
Conjugal condition, nativity, and age of married women
and mothers.
Mass
1878
99-158
76
Conjugal condition of working women, by cities and indus-
tries.
Connection between engineer's and machinery rooms, law
requiring.
Connection between engineer's and machinery rooms, law
requiring (Massachusetts).
Connellsville coke region, condition of labor in, description of.
Conspiracios, decisions of courts and state legislation re-
lating to.
Conspiracies, decisions of court relating to
Conspiracy, law relating to...:
Pa
U.S..
1887-88
1881-82
U.S
1888
304-325
225
Mass
1890
50
94
Minn .! 1889-90
170
107
1887
·
1F, 18F
208
1887
1109-1164
224
Colo
Ill..
43-53
408
►
Conspiracy, law relating to
Conspiracy, law relating to.
Conspiracy, law relating to (amended)
Me
-
1889
151
Me
1890
196
-
•
Colo 1889-90
60
Conspiracy, law relating to (amended)
Conspiracy, law relating to (New Jersey)
Conspirary, law relieving workingmen from certain indict-
ments for.
Conspiracy, law relieving workingmen from certain indict-
ments for.
Conspiracy laws, consideration of...
Conspiracy prosecutions and legislation (United States and
England).
Constitution, amendment to, relating to lieus.
Constitution of Miners' National Association
Constitution of state
Constitution of the bricklayers', plasterers', stonecutters',
plumbers', and steam and gas fitters' union of Omaha.
Constitutions, official vote on, by counties, 1838, 1854
Consumers, protection of, government supervision for..
Consumption of commodities, statistics of, address by Edward
Atkinson on.
Consumption of commodities, statistics of, address by Edward
Atkinson on.
Consumption of food, quantity, cost, and nutrients of articles
used.
1889-90
Pa.. 1872-73
Conn 1887
Nebr.. 1887-88
·
N. Y.. 1884
Colo 1887-88
Pa... 1879-80
Pa... 1880-81
Pa.. 1882-83
403
149
52
5538285
02
15
431, 432
200
587, 588
202
154a-158a
204
N. Y..
1887
563-700
152
Minn
353
108
•
532-537
185
30-32
18
64, 65
122
Pa.... 1872-73
302, 303
184
Conn
1887
95-115
18
Mo...
1885
234-252
115
Ohio..
1885
318-327
177
Mass
1886
237-326
$7
Consumption of food, statistics of.
U.S..
1890
622-66-4
233
Consumption of iron and steel rails, 1855-1889
U.S
1890
20,21
231
Contract convict labor, consideration of
N.C..
1887
173-216
157
Contract convict labor, investigation of
N. Y..
1883
1-125
148
Contract convict labor, law defining.
Mass
1890
71, 72
94
Contract convict labor system, law abolishing.
Mass
1890
68-71
9.4
Contract convict labor system, law abolishing.
N.J.
1883
457, 458
134
Contract convict labor system, law abolishing
Pa..
1882-83
169a, 170a
204
Contract convict labor system, report of committee on
Contract, copy of, for convict labor...
Contract labor, foreign, consideration of.
Ohio.
1883
255-289
175
Kans
1885
125-128
48
•
Pa.... 1884
63-71
205
Contract labor, foreign, importation of
N.J..
Contract labor, foreign, United States law relating to
Contract price of convict labor in various states.
Md
1884
1884-85
274-281
135
237-240
64
·
•
Mo
Contract system of prison labor, consideration of
Contract system of work, consideration of..
* Appendix
Ill...
N. J
1891
1885-80
1882
714
121
88-136
28
79,80
131
↑ Volume I.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.,
267
Bureau report.
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Contracts between coal miners and operators.
Contracts, employment, copies of.
Wis
Contracts for convict labor...
Ohio.. 1880
1887-88
Iowa 1884-85
1239-1241
170
111-115
238
123-134
43
Contracts for convict labor, copies of
Contracts of coal miners, forms of...
N. Y..
Iowa
1883
89-120
148
1888-89
170-173
46
Convention of chiefs of bureaus of labor statistics. (See
Bureaus of labor statistics, convention of chiefs of.)
Convict and free labor, average daily prices paid for..
U.S...
1866
200-215
221
Convict and free labor, value of products of, percentages of, U.S...
1886
192-199
221
in certain industries.
Convict contract labor, investigation of
N. Y..
1883
1-125
148
Convict contract labor, law defining
Mass
1890
71, 72
94
Convict contract labor system, law abolishing
Mass
1890
68-71
94
Convict contract labor system, law abolishing
N. J..
1883
457, 458
134
Convict contract labor system, law abolishing
Pa…….
1882-83
169a, 170a
204
Convict contract labor system, report of committee on.
Ohio..
1883
255-289
175
Convict labor, consideration of
Cal ...
1883-84
144-165
7
Convict labor, consideration of
Cal.
1885-86
118-138
9
Convict labor, consideration of
Conn.
1885
63, 64
17
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
·
Ill...
1881-82
258,259
25
Iowa
1884-85
123-144
43
-
Iowa 1886-87
232-293
44
Kaus.
1885
124-131
48
Ma
1886-87
109-127
64
Mich
1887
1-233
100
-
Mo..
1880
219-237
110
Mo
1884
300-309
113
Mo
1890
-
†18, 19
119
Nebr 1887-88
219-342
122
N. C.
1887
173-216
157
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration of
Convict labor, consideration and statistics of……….
Convict labor, copy of contract for..
Convict labor, copy of contract for
Convict labor, effect of, on free labor.
Convict labor, effect of, on trade..
Convict labor, effect of, on wages.
Convict labor, employment of, law regulating
Convict labor in coal mines....
·
Ohio.
1877
322-338
163
Ohio..
1878
293-300
166
Wis 1885-86
452-460
238
U.S..
1886
1-604
221
Convict labor, contract prices of, in various states
Mo..
1891
714
121
Kans
1885
125-128
48
Wis
1883-84
60-63
236
U. S
nl ...
1886
1885-86
300-303
221
92-121
28
Nebr. 1887-88
342
122
Conn.. 1887
262, 263
19
Kans
1886
173-178
50
Convict labor in the state and United States, consideration
and statistics of.
Convict labor in the state, contract prices of
Ohio..
1879
191-198
168
Mich.
1887
25-38
100
Contract labor, income and expenses of, by institutions and
states.
U.S..
1886
216-268
221
Convict labor, investigation of.
Mass
1879
15-57
76
Convict labor, law regulating
Colo.. 1887-88
492, 493
16
Convict labor, law regulating.
Convict labor, law relating to
Convict labor, law regulating making of contracts for.
Pa...
N. Y..
Iowa 1886-87
1882-83
169a, 170a
204
1883
121-125
148
•
276,277
45
Convict labor, law relating to..
Iowa
1890-91
211
47
Convict labor, law relating to.
Convict labor, law relating to.
Convict labor, law relating to.
Convict labor, law relating to.
Convict labor, law relating to..
Convict labor, law relating to.
·
-
•
-
Kans
1886
469.470
51
Mass
1890
XXVI, XXX
94
42, 43, 83-85
Minn. 1889-90
355-358
108
N. J..
1885
414-416
137
N. J
1891
84-88
146
N. Y..
1889
786, 787, 790-792,
155
805
Convict labor, law relating to renewals of contracts for….
Convict labor, laws of certain states relating to..
Convict labor, laws relating to, by states and territories
Convict labor, legislation in various states relating to
Convict labor, prices paid for
N. Y..
1884
387
149
Ill..
1885-86
137-142
28
U.S
1886
507-604
221
Mo..
1886
157-166
115
Mass
1871
398
68
Convict labor, prices paid for, by occupations and by states
Convict labor, prices paid for, under contract system
Convict labor products, law requiring stamping of
Convict labor products, law requiring stamping of..
Convict labor reports from different states, showing systems
used.
Iowa
1886-87
251-255
45
Ohio..
1877
329-337
163
N.J
1886
439
140
Pa... 1882-83
Mich. 1887
170a, 171a
204
42-93
100
Convict labor, state investigations of
Convict labor, statistics of .
·
U.S
1886
305-368
222
Colo.. 1887-8S
391-480
16
Convict labor, statistics of.
Ill
1879-80
21-76
22
Convict labor, statistics of.
Ill.... 1885-86
3-142
28
Convict labor, statistics of
Mass. 1880
73-121
78
Convict labor, statistics of
Mich..
1884
31-35
96
Convict labor, statistics of
Mo..
1885
161-166
114
Convict labor, statistics of
Mo....
1886
89-156
115
† Volume I,
268
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Convict labor, statistics of
Mo....
1891
705-714
121
Convict labor, statistics of
Wis...
1883-84
57-90
235
Convict-made goods brought into the state, law relating to
labeling of.
Convict-made goods, value of, by states
Convict labor, statistics of (report of committee of legislature). Mo... 1887
Convict labor, statistics of (United States).
Convict labor, value of products of, 1887.
135-175
116
Ohio.. 1880
Nebr.. 1887-88
N. Y.. 1887
1358-1366
171
342
122
759, 760
153
U.S... 1886
96-191
221
Convict [prison] labor, effect of, on wages..
Nebr.. 1887-88
342
122
Convicts, advantages and disadvantages of various systems
U.S...
1886
369-396
222
of employment of.
Convicts, ages and sentences of, by institutions and states....
Convicts and free laborers, number of, required for same work,
U.S...
1886
269-283
222
U.S...
1886
97-191
221
compared.
Convicts and free laborers, percentages of, in certain indus-
tries.
U.S...
1886
192-198
221
Convicts at work, number and location of.
Mo....
1880
230-236
110
Convicts' earnings, law relating to.
Convicts, education of, consideration and statistics of..
Convicts, historical notes relating to the employment of, in
different countries.
Convicts in the United States, statistics of…….
Kans.. 1886
469
51
Pa...
1886
53-57
207
U.S... 1886
397-506
223
Ind... 1889–90
493-496
42
Convicts, law relating to the employment of, by contract, in
different states.
Mich.. 1887
4-26
100
Convicts, number employed in various states, by occupations
Convicts, number of, employed, by industries and states
Convicts, number of, employed by systems of work.
Convicts, number of, employed in United States, by states
Convicts, number of, in all penal institutions, by states ..
Convicts, number of, in penal institutious in United States, by
Mich.. 1887
39-41
100
U.S... 1886
U.S... 1886
Iowa.. 1884-85
U.S...
Iowa.. 1886-87
88-95
221
56-87
221
143, 144
43
1886
8-87
221
235-250
45
states.
Convicts, statistics of...
Convicts, treatment and employment of
Convicts, value of goods made or work done by, by states.
Nebr
Mich
1887-88
341, 342
122
1887
211-228
100
U.S
1886
96-191
221
Cooperage, decrease in shipments of...
Cooperation and profit-sharing, consideration of.
Cooperation and profit-sharing, consideration of.
Cooperation, consideration of
Md
1884-85
130
64
Me..
1887
Ohio.. 1887
176-212
59
19-29
179
Conn.
1887
340-342
19
Cooperation, definition of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of.
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
Cooperation, consideration of
-
·
- ·
- -
-
-
·
Cooperation, consideration and statistics of.
Cooperation, consideration and statistics of.
Cooperation, definition of
-
Cooperation, definition of …….
Cooperation, distributive and industrial, United States and
Europe, consideration of.
Cooperation, distributive, manual of, by Carroll D. Wright..
Cooperation, distributive, manual of, by Carroll D. Wright.
-Cooperation, distributive, manual of, by Carroll D. Wright..
Cooperation in Australia and Europe, consideration and sta-
tistics of.
Ill... 1885-86
454-463
29
Mas8
Mass
Minn
Mo...
1871
1873
1887-88
1880
452-459
68
323-369, 461-467
70
197-252
106
209-217
110
Mo.
1882
53-57
111
-
N. J
1878
141-191
126
N. J
1879
187-230
127
..
N.J..
1881
XIII-XIX
129
Ohio..
1877
339-351
164
Ohio.. 1878
214-219
165
Ohio..
1879
281-285
169
Ohio..
1880
67-83
177
Mo
1885
37-72
113
...
N. J ..
1887 194-202, 315–332
140
Mass
1886
52-54
87
Ohio..
1885
260, 261
177
Wis 1885-86
44-46
237
Wis
1885-86
43-237
237
Cal..
1885-86
521-587
10
ма..
1884-85
I-XLI
64
Ohio..
1885
260-315
177
Mass
1880
127-148
87
Cooperation in Australia and Europe, consideration and sta-
tistics of.
Ohio..
1885
301-313
177
Cooperation in Australia and Europe, consideration and sta-
Wis.. 1885-86
98-116
237
tistics of.
Cooperation in England, history of.
Mass
Cooperation in England, history of.
-
Cooperation in Great Britain.
1886
Wis 1885-86
Ill.. 1879-80
54-71
86
46-61
237
203-209
23
Cooperation in the state
Mass.
1877
51-137
74
Cooperation in the state, history of
Wis
1885-86
193-226
237
Cooperation in the United Kingdom, statistics of.
N. J
1887
321
141
Cooperation in the United States and England, consideration
and statistics of.
Ohio..
1885
256-315
177
Cooperation, industrial, legislation of United States and Great
Britain relating to.
Cooperation in the United States and Europe, consideration of.
Cooperation in the United States and Europe, statistics of....
Cooperation, industrial, consideration of …….
Mass
1875
451-490
73
N.J
1883
XVIII-XXI
133
Conn
1885
22-27
17
N. J ..
1889
391-430
145
Cooperation, law relating to
Cooperation, law relating to..
N.J..
Ohio.
1881
XVI-XIX
139
1885
257,258 177
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
269
Bureau report.
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Cooperation, law relating to..
Cooperation, opinions of employers on
Cooperation, statistics of.
Cooperation, statistics of.
Cooperation, statistics of…….
-
Cooperation, views of Senator Stanford on
Cooperative association, Arlington, at Lawrence, Mass.
Cooperative association, Arlington, at Lawrence, Mass.
Cooperative association, Arlington, at Lawrence, Mass.
Cooperative association, Arlington, at Lawrence, Mass.
Cooperative association, Guise, France, consideration of
Cooperative associations and grange stores, list of and returns
from.
Cooperative associations [artels] in Russia. consideration of
Cooperative associations, consideration of
Cooperative associations in Germany, consideration of..
Cooperative associations in the United States and Europe, con-
sideration of.
Cooperative associations in various cities in the United States, Wis
account of.
Ohio..
1886
328, 329
178
Wis
1885-86
226-236
237
Cal
1885-86
527-587
10
N. J ..
1885
231-256
136
N. J
1886
315-331
139
Cal ...
1887-88
320-338
12
Mass
Mo..
1886
149-152
87
1885
68-72
114
Ohio..
1885
313-315
177
-
Wis.. 1885–86
120-123
237
N.J
1882
92-98
131
Mo
1880
213-217
110
Obio..
1886
140-151
178
Minn. 1887-88
Mass 1872
Iowa.. 1884-85
197-252
106
548-557
69
58-66
42
1885-86
115-192
237
Cooperative associations, law authorizing incorporation of..
Cooperative associations, law relating to...
Conn
1887
260-262
19
-
Mass
1890
10
94
Cooperative associations, law relating to.
Minn
1887-88
245-247
106
Cooperative associations, law relating to.
N J
1883
447-452
134
Cooperative associations, law relating to.
N.J
1885
408-411
137
Cooperative associations, law relating to.
Ohio..
1878
323.324
166
Cooperative associations, laws of various states and Great
Britain relating to.
N.J..
1889
391-430
145
Cooperative associations of workingmen, law authorizing in-
corporation of.
N. J
1891
595-600
148
Cooperative associations organized under act of April 14,
1868, list of.
Pa..
1872-73
309
184
Cooperative associations, statistics of ..
Ohio
1885
259
177
Cooperative and industrial unions, law authorizing incorpora- N. Y..
tion of.
1884
399-403
149
Cooperative and loan associations.
...
1879-80
226, 227
23
Cooperative banks, laws relating to.
Mass
1890
30-37.92-95
94
Cooperative building and loan associations, statistics of
Cooperative building and loan associations, statistics of
N. J
1888
451-617
·
143
N. J
1891
235-573
147
Cooperative distribution in Great Britain, consideration and
statistics of, by Carroll D. Wright.
Mass
1886
49-119
86
Cooperative distribution in Great Britain, consideration and
statistics of, by Carroll D. Wright.
Ohio..
1885
260-297
177
Cooperative distribution in Great Britain, consideration and
statistics of, by Carroll D. Wright.
Wis
1885-86
44-92
237
Cooperative farming, consideration of
Cal
1887-88
318-320
12
Cooperative insurance associations, consideration and statis-
tics of.
Cal
1889-90
102-217
14
Cooperative life and casualty insurance companies, law re-
lating to
N. Y..
1887
750-754
153
Cooperative manufacturing in the state, statistics of, 1870-
Mass
1886
192-229
87
85.
Cooperative production in Great Britain, consideration of
Cooperative production in Great Britain, consideration of
Cooperative production in Great Britain, consideration of
Cooperative profit-sharing in the Pillsbury mills, account of..
Cooperative savings and loan associations, law relating to..
Cooperative stores, consideration of…….
Mass
1886
❤
121-127
87
Ohio..
1885
298-301
177
Wis
Minn
1885-86
92-98
237
1887-88
233-238
106
N. T..
Mass
1887
767–775
153
1886
71-96
87
Cooperative stores, consideration of.
Wis
1885-86
61-83
237
Cooperative stores in England, consideration of
Ohio..
1885
270-275
177
Cooperative union, English, account of.
Mass
1886
109-114
87
Cooperative union, English, account of.
Ohio..
1885
290-297
177
Cooperative union, English, account of
Wis
1885-86
85-88
237
Copper and iron mining, statistics of
Mich
1885
408,409
99
Copper industry, statistics of..
Mich.
1889
85-221
102
Copper, product and value of, and cost of contract labor, 1863-
'82.
Mich
1884
195
97
Copper, statistics of
Mich.
1884
194-197
97
Corn, cost of producing
Iowa.. 1890–91
97-171
48
Corn-growing, profits and losses in, 1880-89.
Iowa.. 1890-91
14. 15
47
Corn, price of, to yield 8 per cent. profit on investment
Iowa.. 1890-91
19-54
47
Coroners, duties of, in fatal accidents in mines, law defining
(Great Britain).
Pa... 1881-82
214, 215
203
Corporation stores. (See Company stores.)
Corporations and employés, relations of, consideration of…….
Corporations and firms, their relative importance in manufac-
U.S...
1889
19-57
230
Mass
1878
85-98
76
tures.
Corporations, banking, savings, etc., law relating to
N. J
1889
434-438
145
Corporations, law securing wages of employés
N. J
1890
471, 472
146
Corporations, joint stock, law relating to
Conn
1887
64-69, 245-252
18
Corporations, law relating to...
Kaus
1886
457
51
Corporations, law relating to...
Mo
1884
141, 142
112
270
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Corporations, law relating to..
Corporations, private, law authorizing formation of
Corporations, stockholders of, law relating to liability of, for
wages of employés.
Cost and value of production in various industries
Cost of commodities
Cost of cotton at factory.
Cost of cotton where purchased
Cost of farm machinery compared with production
Mo
1886
275-289
116
Conn
1887
275, 276
119
Wis..
1885-86
19
237
Corporations to issue special stock to employés, law authoriz-
ing.
Mass
1890
51
94
Mo
1879
101, 102
109
Colo.. 1887-88
271-287
16
Mass.
1881
327-341
80
Mass
1881
327-341
80
Ind...
1881
166, 167
35
Cost of food and rent (Dundee, Scotland)
Me
1889
94
61
Cost of food, etc., comparison of, 1860 and 1887
Cost of food for convicts in state prison
Conn.
1888
94, 95
20
Me.
1887
97, 98
58
Cost of food for workingmen's families compared, 1877, 1882,
and 1887.
Me.
1887
89-93
58
Cost of growing and value of farm crops in various localities.
Cost of labor in production of various articles in United States
and Europe.
Mo
1880
254-258
110
U.S..
1885
92-141
219
Cost of labor in production of woollen textiles
U.S..
1885
123-125
219
Cost of labor, per pound, in spinning cotton yarn (Europe)………..
Cost of labor, per ton, in making pig iron..
U. S
U.S..
1885
132-135
219
U. S
1890
75-83
231
Cost of labor, per ton, in production of metals and metallic
goods.
U.S..
1885
116-119
219
Cost of labor, per yard, in production of cotton textiles...
Cost of living and comparative prices, Massachusetts and
Great Britain.
Cost of living and comparative prices, Massachusetts and
Great Britain, 1860-'83.
U.S.. 1885
126-129
220
Mass
1885
144-157
85
Mass
1884
435-469
85
Cost of living and wages of Chinese laborers.
Cost of living and wages of clergymen and teachers
Cost of living and wages of coal miners … … … …
Cal.. 1883-84
Mass
166-168
1874
24-27
Cost of living and wages of employés, by occupations and coun-
ties.
Md... 1890–91
Iowa. 1884-85
229
296-345
7284
71
66
44
Cost of living and wages of workingmen in United States
and Europe.
Cal... 1883-84
252-276
8
Cost of living, annual, of car-shop employés' families, St. Louis
and St. Charles.
Mo... 1891
586-665
121
Cost of living, annual, of mine employés' families.
Cost of living, annual, of minors' families
Cost of living, annual, of miners' families
Cost of living, annual, of miners' families
-
Cost of living, annual, of employés in granite industry.
Cost of living, annual, of employés in lime industry
Cost of living, annual, of employés in shipbuilding
Cost of living, annual, of employés in various industries
Cost of living, annual, of employés in various industries..
Cost of living, annual, of employés in various industries
(Europe).
Cost of living, annual, of employés in various industries
(workingmen's returns).
Me
1889
36-38
60
Me..
1889
71
61
Me..
1889
98,99
61
Me
1891
12-130
62
Mo
1880
43-57
109
U.S..
1885
411-456
221
Pa.... 1875-76
820-830
192
Mo..
1889
298-408
118
Kans
1885
134, 135
49
Kans.
1886
126-218
50
Mo...
1884
272
113
Cost of living, annual, of miners' families
Cost of living, annual, of miners' families
Cost of living, annual, of miners' families
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families..
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, anuual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmon's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families..
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families..
Cost of living, annual, of workingmon's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families..
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
·
·
Ohio.. 1878
Ohio.. 1880
Ohio.. 1882
Cal... 1883-84
54, 55
164
1227-1230
170
90-93
173
133, 134
7
Colo..
1887-88
250-253
15
Ill... 1879-80
77-122
23
Ill.
1881-82
287-346
25
Ill
1883-84
133-414
26
Kans
1885
204-215
49
Kans.
1886
126-356
50
Kans.
1887
75-171
52
Kans.
1888
169-265
54
Kans. 1889
199-280
55
Mo
1887
61-75
58
Mo
1888
40-63
59
Md. 1884-85
187-201
63
Mass. 1870
406, 407
68
Mass. 1871
423-445
68
Mass. 1872
|253–263, 514–527
69
Mass. 1873
109-128
70
Mass
1874
260-263
72
-
Mass
1875
221-450
73
+
Mo...
1890
† 395-569
120
N. J
1879
48-60
127
N. J
1880
38-62
128
N. J
1883
XXVII, 4-29
133
N. J
1884
XXV-65
134
N.J
1885
141-183
135
·
N. J
1886
5-75
138
❤
† Volume I.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
271
}
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
of
this

State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families, in the state
and Great Britain.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families..
Cost of living, annual, of worlingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of Kving, annual, of workingmen's families..
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families..
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families.
Cost of living, annual, of workingmen's families, in the state
and Europe.
N.C..
Obio..
Ohio.. 1879
Ohio.. 1880
Ohio.. 1885
Ohio.. 1886
N.J..
1888
376-429
143
N.C..
1887
16-31
156
1890
69, 70, 176-214
159
1877
302, 303
163
228-230
168
1227–1230, 1334–
170
1339
84-118
176
226-230
178
Pa..
1878-79
324-352
198
Pa..
1887
8H-15H
209
R. I..
1887
48, 51, 54
215
R. I...
1888
4-53
215
Wis.. 1885-86
444, 445
238
Mo
1885
97-102
114
Mass
1884
462-469
Cost of living, annual, of working women..
Cost of living, annual, of workingwomen.
Ill
1881-82
347
Cost of living, average weekly, of workingmen's families in
Kans. 1859
Pa.... 1874-75
302-310
526, 527
190
8 3188
55
certain cities.
Cost of living [board], monthly, of employés in various in-
dustries.
· Cost of living [board], monthly, of employés in various in-
dustries (employés returns).
N.C..
1888
8-169
157
N.C..
1889
272-277
159
Cost of living board], weekly, of female employés in various
industries.
R. F...
1889
27-137
216
Cost of living by occupations and counties..
Iowa
1888-89
10-61
45
Cost of living, comparative, United States and Prussia.
Cost of living in certain states and foreign countries, com-
pared.
Obio..
1878
246-258
165
Ohio..
1885
137, 138
176
Cost of living in Massachusetts and Lancashire, England,
compared.
N.J..
1882
66-68
131
Cost of living in San Francisco...
Cal ..
Cost of living in the state and Great Britain, compared
Cost of living in various cities and towns of United States
and Canada.
Pa...
N.J..
1885-86
1884
1882
145-152
9
40-45
205
74,75
131
Cost of living, minimum, of workingmen's families..
Iowa
Cost of living, monthly and annual, of families of working-
men, by occupations.
Conn
1890-91
1888
271, 272
48
102-109, 122–131
20
Cost of living of employés in coal mines.
Iowa
1886-87
165-187
44
Cost of living of employés in coal mines.
Iowa
1888-89
125-169
46
Cost of living of unskilled wageworkers' families.
Cost of living of workingmen's families.
Cost of living of employés in cotton and woollen mills
Cost of living of employés in cotton and woollen mills.
Cost of living of employés in each county, by occupations.
Cost of living of employés in various industries
Cost of living of schoolteachers
Cost of living of unmarried persons, by occupations.
Cost of living of workingmen's families.
Cost of living of working women
Mass
1881
417-441
80
N.C.. 1891
164-199
160
Iowa. 1886-87
9-118
44
·
Mass
Iowa 1884-85
Conn
Nebr.. 1889-90
1876
44-258
73
246-259
43
1888
132-135
20
9-54
123
U.S.. 1890
603-1376
233
U.S.. 1891
843
235
Minn. 1887-88
144, 145
106
Cost of living, reduction in, since 1873...
Μο
Cost of living, statistics of….
Cost of living, weekly, of female employés.
1880
Iowa. 1884-85
Colo.. 1887-88
54,55
109
257-345
43
323.329
16
Cost of living, weekly, of workingwomen in various indus-
tries.
N.J
1888
430-449
143
Cost of living (workingmen's returns)
Pa..
1872-73
447-468
185
Cost of manufacture of beet sugar, per ton….
Cal
1889-90
53
13
Cost of materials, capital invested, value of products, and
wages paid, in various industries.
Ohio..
1890
51-111
181
Cost of materials, etc., in varions industries.
Conn
1889
67-87
20
Cost of materials, etc., in various industries..
Conn
1890
40-43
21
Cost of producing corn...
Iowa 1890–91
97-171
47
Cost of production, definition of
U. S..
1890
8-13
231
Cost of production, definition of …….
T. S..
1891
6,7
233
Cost of production in various industries.
N.J.. 1888
310-319
143
Cost of production of American bar and pig iron, 1850-1874
Cost of production of bituminous coal in United States, Can-
ada, and Europe.
Pa.... 1873-74
U.S..
288, 289
187
1890
195-227
232
Cost of production of coal, iron, steel, etc ….
Cost of production of coke in United States and Europe
Cost of production of cotton and woollen textiles, glass, etc
Cost of production of cotton textiles..
U.S.
1890
U.S.. 1890
U.S. 1891
U.S.. 1891
27-282
231
231-242
232
9-363
233
15-122
233
Cost of production of cotton yarns..
·
U.S.. 1891
123-136
234
Cost of production of finished bar iron, in United States and
Europe.
U.S..
1890
124-134
232
Cost of production of glass bottles.
U.S.
1891
271-339
234
Cost of production of ingrain carpet, per yard
Pa.
1889
48 D
211
Cost of production of iron ore in United States and Europe.
Cost of production of lamp chimneys, etc
T.S
1890
245-263
231
U.S..
1891
311-363
234
272
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
}
Bureau reports.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Cost of production of limestone..
U.S..
1890
265-269
231
Cost of production of linen textiles.
U. S
1891
195-205
234
Cost of production of miscellaneous steel products
U.S
1890
181-193
231
Cost of production of muck bar iron in United States and
Europe.
U.S.
1890
110-120
231
Cost of production of petroleum, per barrel..
Cost of production of pig iron
Pa..
1882-83
21
203
U.S
1890
35-105
231
Cost of production of pig iron (Great Britain)
Cost of production of pig iron (Pennsylvania)
U. S
1890
97-99
231
1819. 1873-1880
U. S
1890
92, 93
231
Cost of production of pig iron (Wales and Scotland), 1848
Cost of production of refined oil, per barrel..
Cost of production of silk textiles
U. S
1890
88, 89
231
Pa..
1884
129, 130
205
U.S
1891
207-213
234
Cost of production of steel ingots in United States and Europe
Cost of production of steel rails in United States and Europe
Cost of production of tobacco..
U. S
1890
149-159
232
U.S
1800
161-177
232
Mo.
1886
229-233
116
Cost of production of various articles in United States and
Europe.
U.S..
1885
92-141
219
Cost of production of various kinds of glass.
Pa..
1885
48-55
206
Cost of production of window glass
U. S
1891
215-269
234
Cost of production of woollen and worsted textiles.
U.S
1891
137-185
234
Cost of production of woollen and worsted yarns.
U.S.
1891
187-194
234
Cost of production, per ton, of metals and metallic goods.
U. S
1885
116-119
219
•
Cost of production, per yard, of cotton textiles.
U.S.
1885
105-111
219
Cost of production, per yard, of woollen textiles
U. S
1885
123-125
219
Cost of production, relation of, to selling price.
Mass.
1890
496-516
95
Cost of production, relation of, to wages.
Mass
1890
482-487
95
Cost of production, relation of wages to the…..
Mass
1889
1-83
90
Cost of provisions, etc., increase in, 1861-1873
Cost of running railroad engines
Cost of production, variation in, as a cause for industrial
depression.
Cost of spinning cotton yarn, per pound (Europe)
Cost of tools, etc., of employés in various industries
Cost of transportation of cotton and wool
U.S.. 1885
92-141
219
Mass
1874
258,259
72
Pa...
1874-75
395-402
189
U.S
1885
132-135
219
-
Wis..
1887-88
189-213
238
per ton
Mass
1881
343-357
80
Cost of transportation of farm products from various points
to Philadelphia, 1880-1889.
Pa....
1889
248A-263 A
210
Cost of transportation of farm products from various points
to Philadelphia, 1880-1890.
Pa....
1890
8A-24 A
211
Cost of transportation, per ton, of manufactured products
Cost of wool at factory
Mass
1889
122-174
90
Mass
1881
327-341
80
Cost of wool where purchased
Mass
1881
327-341
80
Cost per ton, of production of coal
Md
1890-91
209
66
Cost, quantity, and nutrients of food materials
Mass
1886
237-326
87
Costs in suits brought by workingwomen, law relating to
Costs in suits brought by working women, law relating to
Costs in suits brought by workingwomen, law relating to,
New York.
N. Y..
1884
394,395
149
N. Y….
1889
798, 799
155
Md ...
1888–89
*45, 46
66
Cotton and cotton textiles, prices of, at New York, 1847-1884.
Cotton and woollen mills, amount of product of...
Cotton and woollen mills, capital invested in
U.S
Pa...
Mass
1885
1880-81
74
219
74-94
201
1870
387-389
68
Cotton and woollen mills, class of goods manufactured in
Cotton and woollen mills, class of goods manufactured in
Cotton and woollen mills, earnings of employés in
Cotton and woollen mills, educational and moral condition of
employés in.
N.C..
1890
26-63
159
N. C
1891
126-154
160
Mass
1870
392-401
68
N.C..
1891
128-199
160
Cotton and woollen mills, increase and decrease of wages in..
Cotton and woollen mills, increase of wages in, 1861, 1873
Cotton and woollen mills, number of looms and spindles in
Cotton and woollen mills, number of looms and spindles in
Cotton and woollen mills, products of, amount and value of
Cotton and woollen mills, returns of
Cotton and woollen mills, returns of
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
N. C
N.C..
1891
162-199
160
Mass
1874
250, 257
72
.
N.C.
1890
26-63
159
·
N.C
1891
126-154
160
Pa.
1874-75
359-365
189
Ohio.. 1882
273-280
174
Ohio..
1884
105-113
175
Me
1887
235-237
59
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
N. J.
1882
13-17, 388-394
131
N.J.
1884
18-21, 90-99,
134
214-227
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of……..
N. J
1885
18, 19, 72-79,
135
120-135
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
N. J
1886
46-123
138
·
N. J
1888
276-383
143
N.C.
1890
21-63
159
·
N. C
Pa...
1891
1879-80
126-154
160
109-116, 119-121
199
127, 133
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
Pa.... 1880-81
74-94
201
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
Pa
Cotton and woollen mills, statistics of.
Pa...
1881-82
1882-83
48-51
202
46.52
204
Cotton and woollen mills [textile industries], consideration
and statistics of.
Cotton and woollen mills [textile industries], consideration
and statistics of.
Pa.... 1884
105-121
205
Pa.... 1885
17-35
206
* Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS. 273
·
·
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Cotton and woollen mills, wages and hours of labor of em-
ployés in.
Cotton and woollen mills, wages and hours of labor of em-
ployés in..
N.C..
1890
68-94
159
N.C..
1891
127-154
169
Cotton and woollen mills, wages of employés in.
Pa...
1874-75
359-361
189
Cotton and woollen textiles, English, rates of tariff on.
U.S
1885
251, 252
220
Cotton, cost of, at factory.
Mass
1881
327-341
80
Cotton, cost of transportation of, per ton.
Mass
1881
343-357
80
Cotton, cost of, where purchased.
Mass
1881
327-341
80
Cotton manufacturing, consideration of (England)
Mass
1870
72-84
87
Cotton mills and operatives' homes, report of U. S. Senate
committee on ……..
N. Y..
1884
375-385
149
Cotton mills, annual earnings of employés in
Cotton mills, annual cost of living of employés in
Cotton mills, annual product of…….
Cotton mills, average wages and annual earnings of employés
in.
Cotton mills, average wages of employés in.
Cotton mills, average wages of men, women, and children (by
classes) in.
Cotton mills, capital inyested, etc., in
Cotton mills, consideration and statistics of
R. I.
Mass
1831
417-441
80
Mass .
1881
417-439
80
N.C..
1887
144-147
157
1887
..
22, 23
213
Pa………
1875-76
715-725
192
Mass. 1881
358-369
80
Pa.
1877-78
719-729
197
R. I...
1887
16-24
213
Cotton mills, earnings and hours of labor of employés in.
Cotton mills, employés in, statistics of..
R. I...
Cotton mills, employés in, statistics relating to.
1887
Mass.. 1876
Conn.. 1886
48
214
.152-159
74
80-94
18
Cotton mills, hours of labor of employés in
Mass..
1881
321-475
80
Cotton mills, investigation relative to uniform hours of labor
Mass..
1881
321-475
80
in, in several states.
Cotton mills, looms per weaver in ..
Mass..
1881
371-381
80
Cottou mills, number of looms and spindles in.
N.C... 1887
144-147
157-
Cotton mills, number of spindles in………
Me..
1890
217
62
Cotton mills, product of, amount and values of
Pa.
1875-76
715-725
192
Cotton mills, product of, value of.
Pa
1878-79
210, 211
198
Cotton mills, product of. value of.
R. I...
1887
22, 23
213
Cotton mills, product per week, of looms in
Mass..
1881
370-380
80
Cotton mills, product per week, of spiuners and weavers in.
Mass..
1881
370-380
80
Cotton mills, proportion of each sex, and of adults and chil-
dren in.
Mass..
1831
358-368
80
Cotton mills, relative changes in, 1838 and 1867..
Mass..
1873
493-197
70
Cotton mills, statistics of.
Pa
1876-77
510-542
195
Cotton mills, statistics of.
Pa.
1877-78
719-729
197
Cotton mills, statistics of.
Cotton mills, statistics relating to employés in
Cotton mills, wages and hours of labor of employés in.
Cotton mills, wages and hours of labor of employés in.
Cotton mills, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Cotton mills, wages and hours of labor of employés in.
Cotton mills, wages of employés in.
Cotton mills, wages of employés in.
Pa..
1878-79
210-217
198
Mass.
1871
256-272
68
N. Y
1888
430-437
153
N.C..
1887
142-147
157
la
1877-78
719-729
197
Pa
·
1878-79
212-217
198
T.S.
1885
151-155
220
Pa
1872-73
384-386
185
Cotton mills, wages of employés in (United States and Eng-
land).
N.J..
1881
80-82
129
Cotton mills, wages of employés and number of spindles in
Cotton mills, wages of spinners in..
Ohio..
1879
185
168
Mass
1881
359-369
80
Cotton mills, wages of weavers in
Mass
1881
359-369
80
-
Cotton mills, weekly wages of employés in, by occupations
Cotton textile industry, wages in 1860, 1872, and 1878
Conn..
1888
53-55
19
Mass
1879
70, 71
77
Cotton textiles, competition between localities in produc-
tion of.
Mass
1881
343-357
80
Cotton textiles, cost of production of.
U.S
1891
15-122
233
Cotton textiles, cost of production of, per yard.
Cotton textiles, labor cost, per yard, in production of
U. S
1885
105-111
219
U. S
1885
126-129
219
Cotton textiles, product of, per weaver and spinner per week.
Cotton textiles, sales of, affected by importation.
Mass
1881
370-380
80
Mass
1881
343-357
80
Cotton, woollen, glass, etc., industries, actual and theoretical
earnings and working time of employés in.
U.S.. 1891
365-784
234
Cotton yarn, cost of spinning, per pound (Europe)
Cotton yarns, cost of production of..
+ •
U.S.. 1885
132-135
219
U.S.. 1891
123-136
234
Cotton yarns, prices of, in Great Britain, 1867-1885. .
Counties and cities, expenditures and indebtedness of ………
-
Iowa
U.S..
Counties, dates of organization of
1885
1886-87
Pa... 1872-73
25-31
218
369-375
45
12-14
182
Counties, dates of organization of .
Pa
1873-74
46-48
185
Counties, dates of organization of
Pa.
1874-75
31-33
188
Counties, dates of organization of
Pa..
1875-76
27-29
190
Counties, dates of organization of
Pa...
1876-77
17-19
193
·
Counties, dates of organization of
Pa... 1877-78
12, 13
196
Counties, description of.
Cal ..
1883-84
28-86
7
Counties, description and taxable wealth of
Cal ..
1885-86
153-324
9
·
Counties, drainage area of, by rivers.
Pa..
1872-73
32,33
182
Counties, drainage area of, by rivers.
Pa..
1873-74
181, 182
187
Counties, financial statistics of
Mo
1882
139-146
111
Counties, organization, area, and population of.
Counties, statistics of...
Ind..
1883
85,86
36
Ind.
1879
346–348
33
13400-18
274
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

Bureau report.
Page

Subjects.
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Counties, statistics of.
Counties, statistics of..
County expenses.
County expenses
County expenses.
County expeuses.
County expenses.
County expenses.
County expenses.
• County expenses.
County indebtedness, statistics of.
County indebtedness, statistics of .
County indebtedness, statistics of.
County indebtedness, statistics of
County indebtedness, statistics of.
Ind... 1880
170-278
34
Ind... 1885-86
1-250
39
Ind...
1879
355-357
33
Ind..
1880
266-275
34
Ind...
1881
250-272
35
Ind..
1882
316-359
36
Ind...
1883
87-102
36
Ind... 1884
142-183
38
Ind... 1887-88
208-215, 324–
40
331
Ind.. 1889-90
182-185. 190-
41
197, 221-228
Ind..
Ind.
Ind.
1884
1885-86
1887-88 216, 217, 332,
333
201-216
38
345, 346
39
40
N.D..
1883-90
91-158
161.
Pa.
1873-74
5,6
185
Couplers, safety, for freight cars, law requiring.
Court business, amount of, by counties
Court business, amount of, by counties
Court business, amount of, by counties
Court business, amount of, by circuits,
Court business, amount of, by circuits'
Mass
1890
45
94
Ind...
1882
374-377
36
-
Ind..
1883
103-106
36
Ind
1884
-
197, 198
38
Ind
1885-86
347-354
39
Ind
1887-88
221-228, 337-
40
341
Court business, amount of, by circuits
Ind...
1889-90
187. 205-212,
235-243
Court decisions concerning boycotts.
N. Y.
1880
744-800
Court decisions concerning boycotts, conspiracies, strikes, etc U. S
1887
1109-1145
Court decisions concerning conspiracies…….
Colo
1887-88
43-53
Court decisions on employers' liability laws
=སྶསྶ
41
152
224
15
Pa...
Court decisions on union labels, strikes, and boycotts
Court decisions on various labor laws
Md
1891
1886-87
11A-122 A
212
163-167
65
N. J
1891
105-150
146
..
Court decisions relating to building and loan associations
Court decisions relating to employers' liability to employés
Court, state supreme, decisions of, on eight-hour law
Courts, criminal, statistics of.
N. J
1888
600-606
143
N. J
1888
178-188
143
Kans
1891
12-14
57
Pa...
1873-74
140-143
186
Courts of record, judgments rendered in, statistics of.
Cow, the keeping of one, suggestions regarding.
Cranberry industry, consideration of..
Ill
1889-90
243-256
31
•
N. J
1880
225-240
128
N.J..
1878
250-254
126
Creameries, statistics of
Iowa
1886-87
218, 219
44
Creameries, statistics of
N.J...
1882
376
132
Credit system for payment of wages, consideration of
Conn
1886
XXXI-LX, 61–71
18
Crime and pauperism, statistics of.
Mass
1877
183-228
75
Crime, causes of
Mich
1884
48-58
96
·
Crimo, causes of, consideration of.
N.J.
1878
272-275
126
Crime, effect of education on….
Pa...
1886
53-57
207
Crime, increase of, statistics of...
Mass
1881
477-531
80
P
Crime, influence of education upon
Colo
1889-90
40-42
17
-
Crime, influence of intemperance upon
Ohio..
1881
218-226
173
Crime, in various cities of the state, statistics of..
Criminal courts, statistics of..
Criminal statistics.
Criminal statistics.
Criminal statistics.
Criminal statistics.
Criminal statistics
Criminal statistics.
Crime, pauperism, and death, relation of saloons to, iħ Cam-
den county.
Mich
N.J..
1892
394-403
105
-
1883
423
134
Pa..
1873--74
140-143
.186
Ind..
1881
337-343
35
Ind..
1882
205-215
36
Ind... 1883
341-353
37
Ind...
1884
463-473
38
Ind...
1885-86
369-379
39
Ind... 1887-88
LXX-LXXIII,
40
229--235, 345 -351
•
Criminal statistics..
Criminal statistics..
Criminal statistics.
Criminal statistics.
Criminal statistics..
•
Ind... 1889-90 256-269, 495, 496
41
Mass
1880
123-195
78
Mass
1881
496-500
80
Mich
1884
17-30
96
N.J
1882
405-431
132
Criminal statistics.
N. J
1883
329-370
134
Criminal statistics.
Pa..
1875-76
33-65
190
Criminal statistics.
Pa..
1870-77
48-57
194
Criminals, habitual, law relating to (Ohio), 1885.
Nebr
1887-88
338, 339
122
Criminals, historical notes relating to the employment of, in
different countries.
U.S
1886
397-506
223
Criminals, number of, by occupations..
Iowa
Criminals, number of native and foreign born, 1850, '60, '70
Customs and practices, sectarian, relating to divorce
Customs and practices, sectarian, relating to marriage.
Pa
1884-85
1872-73
356, 357
44
181
183
U. S
1889
122-125
220
U.S
1889
64-73
226
D.
Dairy business of the state, statistics of...
Dairy interest, consideration of the
Danbury lockout, history of the....
N. J..
1882
372-376
132
N. J
1881
249-273
130
Conn
1890
151-201
21
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
275
Subjects.
Dangerous or immoral employment of children. (See Children,
employment of.
Bureau report.
Page
of
State.
Year.
Page.
this
book.
Days employed in various occupations
Deaf and dumb, statistics of the
Deaf, statistics of the...
Mass
1876
20-258
73
N.D.
1889-90-
97
161
Mass
1877
166-173
75
Dealers, statistics showing capital, purchases, sales, etc., of..
Death, pauperism, and crime, relation of saloons to, in Cam-
den county.
Ind..
N. J
- 1879
149-208
32
1883
423
134
Death rate in trades unions, in the state and England, compared
Death rate of males in various occupations (Great Britain)...
Deaths and births. (See Births and deaths.)
Deaths, births, and marriages.
Ohio..
1886
11
177
N. J
1889
213-222
144
(See Marriages, births, and
deaths.)
Deaths in tenement houses, Cincinnati, statistice of .
Ohio..
Deaths, statistics of.
Ind...
1879
1879
237, 238
168
484-492
33
Deaths, statistics of.
Ind...
1882 266, 267, 270–312
36
Deaths, statistics of.
Deaths, statistics of.
Deaths, statistics of..
Ind...
1883
243-265
37
Ind.
1884
458, 459
38
Ind... 1885-86
413-415
39
Deaths, statistics of...
Debt, imprisonment for, law abolishing.
Debt, imprisonment for, law relating to
Debt, municipal, statistics of, by counties
Debt, public, and tax rate, by states and territories
Debt, public, by cities and towns
Debt, public. by counties
Debt, public. by counties
Debt, public, by counties
Debt, public, by counties
Debt, public, by counties
N.D 1889-90
73, 74.96
161
Debt and annual expenditure per capita of various cities
Mich
1892
390
105
Me.
1889
139-144
61
Conn
1887 144, 145, 270, 271
19
N.D
1889-90
94, 95
161
Debt of counties, cities, and railroads, T'nited States.
Pa... 1873-74
69
186
Ind... 1889–90
479, 480
42
Ind..
1887-88
145-148
40.
Ind.
1884
201-216
38
Ind...
1885-86
345, 346
39
-
Ind.. 1887-88 216, 217, 332, 333
Ind.. 1889-90 198, 199, 229, 230
40
41
Debt, public, by counties
Debt, public, by counties.
Dobt, public, by counties
Debt, public, by counties
Μο
Mo...
1881
*64
111
1882
143-146
111
N.D.. 1889-90
94-158
181
Pa.. 1873-74
5,6
185
Pa.... 1874–75
143-145
182
Debt, public, by minor civil divisions..
Debt, public, by minor civil divisions..
Ind... 1883
136-148
36
Ind.. 1889-90 ¡185, 186, 198, 204,
41
229-234
Debt, public, history and statement of.
Ind... 1883
122-148
36
Debt, public, of cities and boroughs, statistics of
Pa..
1876-77
694-799
195
Debt, public, of cities and counties
Iowa
1886-87
369-375
45
Debt, public, of counties, state, and United States
Debt, public, of the state..
Iowa
1890-91
273-274
48
A
Ind..
1885-86
XXXV
39
Debt, public, of the state
Pa..
1873-74
61
186
-
Debt, public, of the state
Pa.
1876-77
74
194
Debt, public, of the United States
Ind..
1885-86
424
39
Debt, public, of the. United States, 1791-1890 .
Ind...
1889-90
478
42
Debt, public, of the United States and of the states
Debt, public, statement of
·
Pa...
1873-74
68, 69
186
Pa... 1875-76
81,82
191
Debt, public, statistics of
Ill.... 1881-82
249-257
24-
Debts, capital, and profit of manufacturers
Mass. 1882
241. 242
81
Debtors, law relating to absent or absconding.
N.J.. 1885
376,377
137.
Debtors, insolvent. (See Insolvent debtors.)
Decision of state supreme court on eight-hour law.
Decisions of courts. (See Court decisions.)
Kans. 1891
12-14
57
Decorators and painters, brotherhood of, history and statistics Conn
of....
1891
1407-1411
22
Deeds of trust, mortgages, etc., law relating to taxation of,
(California).
Mich.
1888
Denmark, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of
Department of Labor (United States), law establishing.
Dependents, average number of, to an adult employé.
Deposits in savings banks, average increase in, during (1873)
panic.
U. S
1889
-
391, 392
1002, 1003
101
227
Nebr.
1887-88
39-43
122
Mass
1876
16-258
-
Mass
1874
246-247
2222
73
72
Deposits, unclaimed, in savings banks, law relating to.
Depositors in savings banks, occupations of….
N. J
Mass
1887
359-360
141
1874
208-210
71
-
Depression, agricultural. (See Agricultural depression.)
Depression, industrial. (See Industrial depression.)
Depression of business, opinions of manufacturers on
Ohio..
1885
121-193
176
Depression of business, opinions of miners and operators on. Ohio. 1885
208-212
177
Depression of business, opinions of workingmen ou.
Ohio..
-
1885
140-148
176
Destruction of forests, consideration of………
Pa.... 1872–73
29-31
182
Detective business, law regulating..
Colo.. 1887-88
493-496
16
Detective system, consideration of.
Colo.. 1889-90
31-37
16
Detectives, foreign, law prohibiting the employment of
Dietaries collected by the labor bureau
Ohio
1886
344, 345
178
Mass
1886
255-320
87
Dietaries collected by the labor bureau, comparison of, with
European dietaries.
Mass
1886
315-317
88
Digest of American and European laws relative to the edu
cation and employment of children.
Mass
1874
9-20
71
* Appendix.
A
276
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of

this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Digest of contents of first seven reports of bureau of labor
statistics.
Mass
1876
329-332
74
Digest of laws relating to public roads, in various states.
Disaster of Granite Mills, investigation of.
Disasters in business, statistics of
N.C.. 1888
Mass. 1875
Wis... 1883-84
353-370
158
142-151
72
253-262
236
Discontent among the laboring classes, causes, extent of, and
remedies for.
Conn
1887
279-350
19
Diseases causing incapacity of employés in certain trades,
statistics of.
N.J.
1891
210-234
147
Diseases of domestic animals. (See Animals, domestic.)
Diseases peculiar to certain occupations, statistics of.
Diseases peculiar to certain trades
Kans
1885
216-224
49
Mo..
1880
129-143
109
Diseases peculiar to employés in various industries
Diseases peculiar to various trades
Diseases peculiar to various trades.
Wis..
1887-88
189-213
208
N. J
1883
80-109
133
·
N.J..
1884
204-233
134
Diseases peculiar to various trades
N.J.
1885
112-137
135
Diseases peculiar to various trades
N.J
1889
146-210
144
Diseases peculiar to various trades
Ohio..
1886
206-219
178
Displacement of Chinese during fruit harvest of 1886.
Distilleries and breweries. (See Breweries and distilleries.)
Distilleries, quantity of grain used in
Cal... 1885-86
61-66
9
Ind..
1883
377
37
Distilleries, quantity of grain used in
•
Distilleries, statistics of
Ind..
1884
495
39
Pa...
1885
107
207
Distress among workingmen, methods for alleviation of
Distresses, law relating to
Distribution, cooperative, in Great Britain, consideration and
statistics of, by Carroll D. Wright.
Pa...
- 1887
1B-46B
208
-
N. J.
1885
377,378
137
Mass.
1886
49-119
86
Distribution, cooperative, in Great Britain, consideration and
statistics of, by Carroll D. Wright.
Wis..
1885-86
44-92
237
•
District police, law relating to
Dividends, law relating to
Distributive and industrial cooperation in United States and
Europe. consideration of.
Divorce, absolute and limited, causes for, by states and ter-
ritories.
Wis..
1885-86
43-237
237
Mass
Conn.
U.S..
1890
74,75
94
-
1887
244
19
1889
89-117
226
Divorce and marriage in Europe, laws and statistics of
Divorce and marriage, legislation for investigation of
Divorce, causes for refusal of, by states and territories
U.S
1889
979-1067
227
►
-
U. S
U.S.
1889
9-14
225
1889
118-120
226
Divorce, duration of marriage before, by states and terri-
tories, 1867-1886.
U.S..
1889
179-189, 832-941
227
Divorce, influence of intemperance on.
U. S
1889
170-178
220
Divorce, influence of legislation on .
U.S
1889
150-157
226
Divorce, judicial and legislative, regulations of states and
territories governing.
U.S
1889
78-80
226
Divorce, legislation of states and territories relating to.
Divorce, movement of, 1867-'86...
U. S
1889
75-126
226
U.S.. 1889
127-164
226
Divorces granted, causes for, 1867-'86 ...
Divorces granted, specific causes for, by states and territo
ries, 1867-'86.
Divorce, movement of, in cities
·
Divorce, residence limitations for, by states and territories
Divorce, sectarian customs and practices relating to..
Divorce, service of notice on defendant for, regulations gov-
erning.
Divorces granted, for classified causes, with reference to chil-
dren, by states and territories, 1867-'86.
U.S..
1889
158-164
226
U.S.
1889
80-85
226
U. S
1889
122-125
226
U.S.
1889
85-89
226
U.S..
1889
165-178
226
U.S.. 1889
951-977
227
U.S..
1889
444-601
227
Divorces, relative to alimony and children, statistics of,
U.S.
1889
207-212
227
1867, 1868.
Divorces, statistics of
Ind..
1883
310, 311
37
Divorces, statistics of
Ind... 1884
369, 370
38
Divorces, statistics of
Ind...
1885-86
318-320
39
Divorces, statistics of
Ind...
1887-88
X, XI, 202, 203,
40
316, 317.
Divorces, statistics of
Ind...
1889-90
274-286
41
Divorces, statistics of
Mass
1889
591, 592
93
Divorces, statistics of, 1860–78
Mass
1880
197-235
78
Domestic and foreign exports, statistics of.
Pa..
1891
112C-149C
213
Doméstic animals. (See Animals, domestic.)
Domestic service, objections to, by working women
Minn
1887-88 142, 143, 149–154
106
Doors and windows in factories, etc., to open outwards, law
requiring.
Mass..
1890
86
94
Doors in certain buildings to open outwards, law requiring..
Doors in public buildings to open outwards, law requiring.
Drain tile, manufacture of.
Wis
Ohio
Ill.
1885-86
7
237
--
1890
1883-84
*29
181
605-637
27
Drainage and plumbing in Rochester, law relating to
N. Y.
Drainage area of counties, by rivers
Drainage area of counties, by rivers.
Pa..
Pa..
1887
1872-73
1873-74
717, 718
153
32,33
182
181, 182
187
Drainage for health
Ind..
1881
XIX, XX
34
Drainage, plumbing, and ventilation, in Albany, law relating N. Y
N.Y..
1889
783, 784
155
to,
* Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
277


Bureau report.
Page
Subject
State.
Year.
Page.
of
this
book.
Dressed beef, statistics of
Drivers, stage coach, etc., law relating to
Drivers, street car, law requiring seats for
Driving or grinding, consideration of...
Drugs, chemicals, etc., manufacture of, statistics relating to
Drunkenness and liquor selling, statistics of, 1874-'77
Drunkenness and liquor selling, statistics of, 1870-'79
-
Me
1889
116-131
61
N. J
1885
421, 422
137
-
N. J ..
1885
361, 362
137
Mass..
1882
348-354
82
N. J
1879
141
127
Mass .
1879
165-180
77
Mass
1881
77-319
79
·
Drunkenness and the remedy, consideration of
Drunkenness, crimes caused by, statistics of.
Drunkenness, crimes caused by, statistics of
Drunkenness in Fall River, Lowell, and Lawrence.
-
Drunkenness, influence of, on divorce
Mass
1871
538-557
68
·
Ind..
1881
340-343
35
Ind.
1882
208, 209
36
Mass
1882
254-256
81
U.S..
1889
170-178
226
Drunkenness [intemperance], effects of, on the working
classes.
Mass
1870
193-196
35
67
Drunkenness [intemperance], influence of, on crime.
Mass
1881
477-531
80
Dumb and deaf. (See Deaf and dumb.)
Dumb, statistics of the
N.D.
1889-90
97
161
Duty, rates of, on English cotton and woollen textiles
U. S..
1885
251, 252
220
Duty, tours of, of railroad employés
U. S..
1889
163-165
230
Duties, import, rates of, on various articles
Ohio.
1886
34
177
Duties of employés in mills, rules relating to
Mass.
1882
224-228
81
Duties on imported carpets and carpet wool
Pa...
1889
32D-34D
211
Dwellings, average number of persons in, in different states
Mich
1885
262.263
98
and cities, 1870 and 1880.
Dwellings hired by employés.
Mass. 1889
277, 278
91
Dwellings, improved, association, law incorporating
Mass
1890
46, 47
94
Dwellings owned by employés..
Mass
1889
282-284
92
Dyers' liens. (See Liens, dyers'.)
E.
Early closing, agitation in favor of
Earnings and expenses, annual, of car-shop employés' fami-
lies, St. Louis and St. Charles.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of employés in granite in-
dustry.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of employés in lime industry.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of employés in shipbuilding
Earnings and expenses, annual, of employés in various in-
dustries.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of employés in various in-
dustries (Europe).
Earnings and expenses, annual, of "exodusters'" families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of farmers, by counties
Earnings and expenses, annual, of female employés.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of mine employés' families..
Earnings and expenses, annual, of mine employés' families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of miners' families..
Earnings and expenses, annual, of miners' families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of miners' families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of miners' families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of miners' families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of miners' families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of miners' families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of unmarried persons, by
occupations.
N. Y..
1890
Mo..
1891
438-441
581-665
156
121
Me...
1889
7-38
Me
1889
57-75
Me
1889
77-101
Mo..
1880
43-57
བ ཙེ ཙཙ་ྲ
60
109
U.S..
1885
411-456
221
Kans.
1885
248-257
49
Conn
1888
148-263
20
Ill.
1881-82
347
25
Mo.
1889
298-408
118
Ohio..
1881
52-57
172
Kans
1885
134-141
49
Mo
1884
272
113
Ohio.. 1879
86, 87
167
་
Ohio.. 1880
Ohio.. 1882
Obio.. 1883
Ohio.. 1884
Conn.. 1888
1227-1230
170
90-93
173
208-212
174
274, 275
175
132-135
20
Colo..
1887-88
Ill.. 1879-80
250-253
15
77-122
23
Ill.. 1881-82
290-346
25
Ill.
1883-84
133-414
26
Kans
1885
204-231
49
Kans
1887
75-171
52
Me..
1887
61-75
58
Me
1888
40-63
59
Ма
1884-85
80-86
63
Mass
1870
406, 407
68
Mass
1871
441-447
68
Mass
1872
253–265, 514–527
69
Mass
1873
109-128
70
Mass
1874
260, 261
72
Mass
1875
221-450
73
Mich
1890
3-305
103
Mich
1891
3-450
104
Mo.. 1879
56-104
109
Mo
1890
N.J.. 1878
395-569
120
56-58
125
N.J..
1879
48-60
127
N.J
1880
38-62
128
N. J
1883
XXVII, 4-29
133
N. J
1884
XXV-65
134
* Volume I.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families..
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families...
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
-
278
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report,
Page
Subjects.
...
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families....
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families.
Earnings and expenses of workingmen's families, by occu
pations.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families in
certain cities.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families in
the state and Europe.
Ohio.. 1881
Ohio.. 1882
Ohio.. 1883
Ohio.. 1884
Pa.
of
this
State.
Year.
Page,
book.
N. J
1885
--
-
141-183
135
N. J
1886
38-67
138
N. J
1888 -
376-429
143
N.C
1887
16-31
156
Ohio.
1877
302-310
163
Ohio.. 1879
208-233
168
Ohio.. 1880
1227-1230, 1334-
170
1339
34-49
172
90-93, 219–226,
173
348-350
110-136
174
262-266
175
Ohio.. 1885
84-118
176
Ohio.. 1886
190-230
178
Pa...
1879-80
242-251
200
Pa..
1880-81
166-171
201
1881-82
76-81
203
Pa.
1887
8H-15H
209
-
R. I…….
R. I..
1887
48, 51
214
1888
4-53
215
Conn.
1888 102-109, 122–131
20
Kans
1891
194-198
57
Mo...
1885
99-102
114
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families in
the state and Great Britain.
Mass
1884
463-469
85
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families in Mass.
the state and Great Britain.
1885
148-157
Earnings and expenses annual, of workingmen's families in
Ohio..
1878
246-258
1C5
United States and Prussia.
Earnings and expenses, annual, of workingwomen
Kans
1889
302-310
55
Earnings and expenses, annual, of working women
Me..
1888
64-79
Earnings and expenses, annual, of working women in St.
Louis, Kansas City, and St. Joseph.
Mo..
1891
480-482
121
Earnings and expenses, monthly, of miners' families
Earnings and expenses, monthly, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, monthly, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses, monthly, of workingmen's families
Earnings and expenses of coal miners' families
Earnings and expenses of wage-earners
Earnings and expenses of working girls, Boston.
Earnings and expenses of workingmen in various industries
Earnings and expenses of workingwomen, by occupations
and cities.
Kans
1886
113-218
50.
Kans
1886
113-436
50,
Kans
1888
169-265
54
Kans
1889
199-280
55.
Ohio.
1878
54, 55
164
-
Conn.
1888
97-135
20.
Mass
1884
76-118
83:
Ohio.. 1881
62-75
172:
Mich
1892
1-102
104
Earnings and expenses of working women in various indus-
tries.
Earnings and expenses of workingwomen, statistics of...
Earnings and expenses, weekly, of female employés...
Earnings and hours of labor, average, of street railway em-
ployés in St. Louis.
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in coal industry..
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in copper industry
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in cotton mills..
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus-
tries.
N. Y..
1885
20-80
150
Cal
1887-88
32-66
111
Colo..
1887-88
323-329
16:
Mo...
1883
136-144
112:
Mich
1889
26, 27
102
Mich
1889
94-219
102:
R. I...
1887
48
214
Mass. 1871
419-422
68:
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus
tries.
Mass
1872
530,531
69)
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus-
tries.
Mich
1889
4-227
102
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus-
Mo
1884
146-222
113:
tries.
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus-
tries.
N.J..
1883
4-78
133
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus-
tries.
N. J
1884
XXV-203
134
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus-
tries.
N. J
1885
XXXV-109, 135,137
287,324
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus.
tries.
N.J..
1886
5-163
138
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus
tries.
Ohio.
1880
1320-1332
1711
Earnings and hours of labor of employés in various indus-
tries.
Earnings and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Earnings and hours of labor of female employés in various
industries.
Ohio..
1883
9-15, 27-78
174
Cal
R. I...
1883-84
1889
218-222
26-136
210
Earnings and number of employés in various industries
Earnings and profits in various industries..
Earnings and profits in various industries.
Mass
Ill..
1873
1883-84
71-90
70
53-122
ཡྻ
25.
Mass
1883
243-375
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
279
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Earnings and profits in various industries
Ohio..
1885
158, 159
176
Earnings and profits in various industries
Ohio..
1886
243-289
178
Earnings and working time, actual and theoretical, of em-
ployés in coal, iron, and steel industries.
U.S..
890
235-579
232
Earnings and working time, actual and theoretical, of em-
ployés in cotton, woollen. glass, etc., industries.
U.S..
1891
365-784
234
Earnings, annual, and hours of labor of employés in coal
mines.
Earnings, annual, compared, 1885-'87
Earnings, annual [derivable], of workingmen in various in-
dustries.
Earnings, annual, in Kansas, Iowa, and Canada, compared
Earnings, annual, of coal miners
Ohio
1880
1216-1225
170
Kans
1887
166. 167
52
Minu
Minn. 1889–90
301, 336
108
Kans
1887
168, 169
Iowa
1888-89
125-169
Earnings, annual, of employés in coal mines
Ohio.
1885
201-208
46
177
Earnings, annual, of employés in cotton and woollen mills
Earnings. annual, of employés in cotton and woollen mills
Earnings, annual, of employés in each county, by occupa-
Mass
1881
417-441
N.C..
1890
68-94
159
Iowa.
1886-87
9-139
Earnings, annual, of employés in rolling mills
tions.
Earnings, annual, of employés in founderies and machine-
shops.
Earnings, annual, of employés in various building trades
Earnings, annual, of employés in various industries
Earnings, annual, of employés in various industries
Earnings, annual, of employés in various industries
Earnings, annual, of employés in various industries
Earnings, anuual, of employés in various industries
Earnings, annual, of employés in various industries
Earnings, annual, of employés in various industries
-
Earnings, annual, of employés in various industries, 1877-'86…
Earnings, annual, of farm laborers.
Earnings, annual, of men, women, and children, by occupa-
tions (U. S. census) 1880.
23
52
80
44
Ohio..
1877
111, 112
102
Ohio..
1877
81
162
Wis.. 1883–89
7-56
239
N. C
1888
8-50
157
N. C
1890
170-214
159
Ohio.
1877
206-256
162
Ohio.
1879
212-227
168
-
Ohio..
1890
113-198
181
Pa.... 1879–80
Wis 1885-86
Ohio..
202-223
200
462-481
238
1886
238. 239
178
Mich
1884
161-174
97
Conn. 1885
132-135
18
Earnings, annual, of railroad employés
Mo..
1887
100-122
116
Earnings, annual, of railroad employés
Mo..
1888
139-169
118
Earnings, annual, of railroad employés
U.S..
1889
78-879
230
Earnings, annual, of women in varions industries
Ohio
Earnings, annual, of workingmen's families (employés' re-
turns).
1889
26-31
180
N.C
1889
272-276
159
Earnings, annual, of workingwomen, by cities and industries.
Earnings, annual, wages, and working time of railroad em- | U.S...
ployés, by occupations.
U.S...
1888
484-625
225
1889
108-879
230
Earnings, average annual, of employés in cotton mills
Earnings, average annual, of employés in founderies and ma-
chine shops.
R. I..
1887
22, 23
214
R. I..
1887
35
214
Earnings, average annual, of employés in jewellery industry.
Earnings, average annual, of employés in various industries.. N. J...
Earnings, average annual, of employés in various industries... Pa.
Earnings, average annual, of employés in woollen mills
Earnings, average annual, of railroad employés
Earnings, average, of employés in coal minea
Earnings, average, of employés in various industries
Earnings, average, of employés in various industries.
R. I.
1887
32.33
214
1881
5-75
129
1872-73
409-411
185
R. I...
1887
28
214
Mo....
1883
129-134
112
Ohio..
1883
15
174
Mo...
1883
-149-154
112
Earnings, average, of female employés in various industries..
Earnings, daily and annual, by occupations, counties, and
cities.
Wis... 1887-88 142–160, 216–237
238
R. I…….
Iowa.
1889
1888-89
146
216
10-61
45
Earnings, daily and annual, of employés, by occupations and
counties.
Iowa.. 1884-85
296-345
44
Earnings, daily and annual, of employés in various occupa-
tions.
Me
1891
11-130
62
Earnings, daily, weekly, and monthly, of employés, by occu-
pations.
Mich..
1885
202-242
98
Earnings, exemption of, from attachment and execution, law
relating to (amended.)
Wis..
1886
14
237
Earnings, influence of trades unions upon
Earnings [income] and expenses, annual, of workingmen's N. J.
families (Germany.)
1885
182, 183
Ill
Earnings, monthly and annual, of schoolteachers
Earnings of coal miners
Earnings of coal miners, consideration and statistics of.
1883-84
Iowa.. 1884-85
Ohio
Ill.
1878
1889-90
389.
Earnings of children
Mass..
Earnings of children in various industries.
In
Earnings of convicts, laws relating to
1876
1883-84
Kans.. 1886
328-331
246-259
44-55
XVII-201, 305-
28-258
283-302
469
164
22 796 Car
Earnings of employés in coal mines
Ohio.. 1877
1-36, 151
163
Earnings of employés in coal mines
Pa.
1888
VI B-123B
209
Earnings of employés in coal mines
Pa.
1889
35 B-66B
210
Earnings of employés in cotton and woollen mills
-
Mass.. 1870
392-401
68
Earnings of employés in cotton and woollen mills, by occupa-
tions.
Conn
1886
80-97
18
Earnings of employés in cotton and woollen mills, by sex and
Conn
1886
77-79
18
age.
M
1
!
280
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Earnings of employés in iron and steel industries, by occupa
tions.
Pa....
1887
9C-51C
208
}
!
Earnings of employés in textile industries, by occupations.
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
Earnings of employés in various industries
·
Earnings of members of trades unions in various industries.
Earnings of miscellaneous employés in coal mines, statistics of
Earnings of wives.
Earnings of women and children, statistics of
Earnings, personal, exemption from attachment of, law relat-
ing to.
Pa...
1887
51C-53C
208
Cal
1883-84
211-217
8
Kans. 1886
113-436
50
Me...
1887
121-127
58
Mass..
1870
378-409
68
Mass..
1876
22-258
73
•
Mass..
1883
179-241
83
N. J ..
1882
9-57
131
Ohio.
1878
7-239
164
Pa...
1878-79
321-347
198
Pa...
1887
4 H-11 H
209
Wis
1883-84
177-203
236
Ohio.
1885
37-54
176
Ill.
1889-90
LX-LXIII
31
Mass.
1876
148-258
73
Ill..
1883-84
271-302
26
Ohio..
1879
313
169
Earnings, personal, exemption from attachment of, law relat-
ing to.
Ohio..
1880
1383
172
Earnings, personal, exemption from attachment of, law relat-
ing to.
Ohio..
1881
248
173
Earnings, weekly, of working women, by occupations
Earthenware and pottery industry, capital invested, value of
products, etc., in.
Mich
1885
243-245
-
Ohio.. 1890
79
181
88888
98
Earthenware, fire-brick, etc., industries, statistics of...
Economic condition of working girls, Boston
Pa...
1885
101-103
207
Mass
1884
76-118
83
Economic statistics..
Ind..
1881
163-279
34
Economic statistics.
Economic statistics..
Economic statistics
Ind.
1882
313-382
36
Ind.
1883
81-148
36
Ind
1884
139-216
38
Economic statistics
Ind
1885-86
329-367
39
Economic statistics.
Economic statistics..
Economic law, Dr. Engel's
Ind... 1887-88
LX-LXIX
40
207-228, 323–
343.
Ind.. 1889-90
181-253
41
Mass
1884
465, 460
85
Economic law, Dr. Engel's.
Mass.
1885
151, 152
SU
• -
Economic law, Dr. Engel's.
N. J ..
1885
144, 145
136
4
Economic law, Dr. Engel's.
Ohio..
1885
139
176
Economic law, Dr. Engel's, consideration of .
Mass.
1875
437-450
73
Economy and chemistry of foods, address of Prof. W. O. At-
Ohio..
1885
328-355 177
water on.
Education and child labor, condition of, and legislation in
various states relating to.
Ohio..
1880
1295-1308
171
Education and child labor, consideration of.
Kans
1888
25-39
53
*
Education and child labor, consideration of.
Mass
1874
1-20
71
·
Education and child labor, law relating to.
Education and crime, statistics of.
Ohio..
1880
1295, 1296
171
Pa.... 1876-77
48-57
194
Education and habits of employés in various industries
Mass
1870
373-391
68
Education and labor of the young, legislation on, in England Mass
and Prussia.
1875
11-28
72
Education and labor, report of the United States Senate com-
mittee on.
N. Y..
1884
375-385
149
Education and labor, the half-time system considered
Education and labor, views on, by Prof. P. Sherman
Education and school attendance, consideration and statis-
tics of.
Kans
Mass. 1878
1887
Minn. 1889-90
11-34
75
309-317
11-153
53
107
Education and school attendance in United States and for-
Minn. 1889-90
16
107
eign countries compared.
Education, compulsory, opinions of county superintendents
on the law of.
·
-
Education, compulsory, law relating to
Education, compulsory, law relating to.
Education, compulsory, law relating to
Education, compulsory, law relating to
Education, compulsory, law relating to
Education, compulsory, law relating to
Education, compulsory, law relating to
Education, compulsory, law relating to
Education, compulsory, law relating to
Education, compulsory, law relating to (Illinois)
Education, compulsory, law relating to (Illinois)
Education. compulsory, law relating to (Michigan)
·
Education and schooling of working children, statistics of... Mich
Education and wages, views of Thos. G. Shearman on.
Education and welfare of laborers, consideration of.
Education, compulsory, consideration of..
1887
244-263
101
N. Y..
1886
298-302
151
N.J..
1878
3-31
125
..
Minn.
1889–90
18-48
107
Nebr
Nebr. 1887-88
199-202
122
Kans
1886
477, 478
51
Kans
1890
20
56
N. J
1878
271,272
126
N. J ..
1885
386-389
137
Ohio..
1890
*42-47
181
R. I...
1887
96-99
215
R. I...
1888
206-210 216
R. I...
1889
214-217
217
R. I..
1891
16-20
217
་
N. Y..
Md..
Md
1888-89
1888-89
1884
413, 414
149
* 25-26
65
*34, 35
65
* Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
281
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Education, compulsory, law relating to (Michigan)
Education, consideration of…….
N. Y.
1884
424, 425
149
Pa...
1873-74
102-123
186
Education, consideration and statistics of
Education, effect of, on crime.
Mass
1873
381-396
70
•
-
Pa...
1886
53-57
207 .
F
Education, effects of child labor upon..
-
Education for servants and children, law relating to
Education in art, in the state, facilities for…
Education, industrial, and the apprenticeship question, views
of James H. Smart, LL. D., and T. V. Powderly, on.
Education, industrial, and the apprenticeship question, views
of James H. Smart, LL. D., and T. V. Powderly, on.
Education, industrial, and the apprenticeship question, views
of James H. Smart, LL. D., and T. V. Powderly, on.
Education, industrial, and the apprenticeship question, views
of T. V. Powderly, on.
-
Education, industrial, consideration of
Education, industrial consideration of
Education, industrial, consideration of
Education, industrial, consideration of
Education, industrial, consideration of
Education, industrial, consideration of
Education, industrial, consideration of
Education, industrial, law providing for.
Education, industrial, law providing for.
Education, industrial, law providing for.
Education, industrial, law providing for.
-
N. Y..
1884
266-310
148
Conn
1837
136
18
Mass
1886
384-391
88
Mich.
1889
280-297
102
Minn
1889-90
277-288
108
R. I...
1888
158-173
216
Ohio.
1888
269-272
180
Kans.
1888
40-70
53
Md..
1888-89
19-25
65
Mich
1885
94-115
97
N. J
1834
265-273
135
N.C.
1888
253-275
158
Pa..
1873-74
111-123
186
Wig
1883-84
94-108
236
N. J
1884
271
135
N. J
1835
390-392
137
N. J.
1886
438-439
140
N. J
1891
54-57
146
Education, industrial, law providing for (amended)
N. J
1887
344
141
Education, industrial, law providing for (supplement)
Education, influence of, upon crime
N. J.
1889
433
145
Ohio.
1881
218-226
173
Education, law providing for..
N. J
1885
385-392
137
Education of children employed in various industries
N. J
1879
88-97
127
Education of children, law relating to
·
N. J
1891
48-58
146
Education of children, law relating to (Connecticut).
Education of children, law relating to (Ohio)
Education of children, law relating to (Ohio).
Education of the poor, law relating to
N. Y
1884
404-410
149
Ma.
1833-89
*48-50
05
N. Y..
1884
435-437
149
N. J
-
1885
389
137
Education of working children
Education of working women, by cities and industries
Education [public schools], law relating to (amended).
Education, technical, consideration of .
Education, technical, consideration of.
Educational condition of employés in various industries.
Educational condition of women and children in various in-
dustries (Baltimore).
Educational condition of women and children in various in-
dustries (counties).
Educational institutions, statistics of.
Educational institutions, statistics of.
Mass
1875
1-63
72
U.S..
1888
391-482
225
N.J.. 1887
344, 345
141
Iowa 1884-85
67-104
42
Mo
1881
229-242
113
N.J.. 1878
Md.. 1888-89
51
125
153-169
63
Md...
1888-89
202-204
65
-
Ind..
Pa... 1872-73
1879
402-409
43
162-165
183
Educational, religious, and charitable institutious, statistics of. N.D.. 1889–90
203-205
161
Educational statistics
Ind..
1881
311-328
35
Educational statistics
Educational statistics
I ducational statistics
Educational statistics
Educational statistics
Ind..
1882
155-165
35
Ind...
1883
325-340
37
Ind...
1884
413-437
38
Ind.
1885-86
1-250
39
Ind..
1889-90
289-296
41
Educational statistics
N.J
1888
619-637
144
Educational statistics
N. Y..
1884
266-356
149
Educational statistics
N. D.. 1889-90
191-190
161
Educational statistics
Ohio.. 1880
1311-1316
171
Educational statistics
Pa………. 1874-75
418-429
18J
Educational statistics
Pa.. 1875-76
929-942
193
Educational statistics
Pa.... 1879–80
256-261
200
Educational statistics
*
Pa... 1880-81
258-261
201
Educational statistics .
Efficiency of labor in coal, iron, and steel industries. statistics
of.
Egress, means of, from factories and shops..
R. I...
U.S
1891
185-188
217
1890
581-601
232
Ohio.. 1882
201-205
174
Eight-hour day, effect of, on the unemployed..
Eight-hour day, effect of, on wages.
Eight-hour day, opinions on
Eight-hour law..
Egress, ways of, and fire escapes in certain buildings, law re-
lating to.
Eight-hour day, effect of, on the working force in various in-
dustries.
Eight-hour day, opinions of employers and employés on
Eight-hour day, resolutions of American Federation of Labor
on.
Eight-hour day, views and opinions relating to
Eight-hour law
N.J..
1891
38-42
146
N. Y..
1890
27-33, 582-609
155
N. Y..
1890
572-581
156.
N. Y..
1890
N. Y..
1890
Wis 1885-86
Ohio.. 1890
610-633
156
19-33, 488-571
155
350-362
237
31, 32
181
Nebr 1889-90
Ill.. 1881-82
Kans. 1891
421-448
124
398
25
9-12
57
* Appendix.
282
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Eight-hour law
Eight-hour law
• Eight-hour law
Eight-hour law
Eight-hour law
Eight-hour law
Eight-hour law
Eight-hour law
·
·
-
Mo
1883
57
111
Mo
1884
118
112
Mo
1885
195
115.
Mo..
1886
253
116
N. Y..
1884
398, 399
149
Ohio ..
1880
302
178
Ohio..
1890
*40
181
Pa…..
1879-80
429
200
Eight-hour law
Pa...
1880-81
585
202
Eight-hour law
Wis
1885-86
4
237
Eight-hour law (Illinois)
N. Y..
1884
412
149
Eight-hour law, consideration of
Cal
1887-84
196-201
8
C
Eight-hour law, consideration of, and reports of county clerks Kans
relating to.
1891
12-28
57..
Eight-hour law, decision of state supreme court on
Eight-hour law, effect of, on immigration
Kans
1891
12-14
57
-
N. Y..
1890
705-725
156
Eight-hour laws in certain states
Ill ..
1885-86
473
29
Eight-hour laws in various states, reports of commissioners
of labor on.
Kans
1891
30-35
57
Eight-hour movement, account of...
Eight-hour movement, Chicago, statistics of
Eight-hour movement, consideration of.
Eight-hour movement, historical sketch of.
Wis .
1885-86
314-371
237
In...
1885-86
479-498
29
Mass
1873
252-259
70
Ill
1885-86
465-479 |
.29
Eight-hour movement in United States and Australia, cousid-
eration of.
Eight-hour movement, returns on..
Eight hours a legal day's work on election days, law making
Election day a legal part-holiday, law making
Election days, eight hours a legal day's work on, law making.
Election laws of Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mis-
souri, Montana, New York, Rhode Island, Tennessee. Wash-
ington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, based on the Australian
ballot system.
•
Election returns.
Election returns.
Election returns.
Election returns..
Election returns.
Election returns.
Election returns.
-
Elections, law relating to
N. Y..
1890
105-112
155
Mo
1880
182-191
110
N.J
1891
25
146
Ohio..
1890
*52
181
N. J
1891
25-
146
Nebr
1889-90
449-708
124
·
Ind..
1882
434-466
36
Ind.
1883
320, 321
37
Ind...
1881
376-383
38
Ind.. 1885-86
324-328
39
Ind..
1887-88
320, 321
40
Ind..
1889-90
297-369
41
R. 1.
1890
318, 19
217
N. Y..
1889
799,800
159
Elective franchise, intimidation of workingmen in exercise of,
law prohibiting.
Elective franchise, intimidation of workingmen in exercise of,
law prohibiting.
Ohio..
1879
315, 316
169
Ohio..
1881
250
173
Elective franchise, intimidation of workingmen in exercise of,
law prohibiting.
Ohio..
1886
332, 333
178
Elective franchise, intimidation of workingmen in exercise of,
N. Y..
1889
799
155
law prohibiting (amended).
Electoral vote of the state for Presidents and Vice-Presidents.
Electors' meetings, intimidation of voters at, law prohibiting.
Elevators in mills, number of……….
Pa.
1872-73
305-308
184
Conn
1887
267
19
Mass
1874
113
71
Elevators, law providing against the use of musafe
Elevators, law providing against the use of unsafe (Massa-
chusetts).
Mass
1890
41, 42
94
}
Minn
1889-90
169
107
Elevators, law relating to.
N. Y..
1887
709, 762-764
153
Embezzlement by agents, apprentices, or servants, law relat-
ing to.
N.J .
1891
93-95
147
Embezzlement or theft by servants or agents, law relating to.
Employés and corporations, relations of, consideration of
Employés in various industries, classification of…….
Employers and apprentices, law relating to (amonded)
Employers' and employés' losses resulting from lockouts, by
industries and states.
Employers' and employés' losses resulting from strikes, by
industries and states.
N. J
U.S
1885
419, 420
137
→
1889
19-57
232
N. J
1879
104-156
127
N. Y.
1889
786
155
U.S
1887
866-881
224
U.S..
1887
730-781
224
Employers' and employés' opinions on various subjects.
Employers' and employés' opinions on various subjects.
Md
N. Y..
1884-85
1886
211-220
64
691-703
151
Employers' liability. (See Liability of employers.)
Employers' losses resulting from boycotts, lockouts, and
strikes.
Employers' losses resulting from boycotts, lockouts, and
strikes.
N. Y..
1887
126-165,444–517
152
N. Y..
1889
562-603, 702–765
154
Employers' opinions on questions affecting labor
•
Employers' opinions on various subjects
Kans
Wis. 1885-86 226-236, 386-389
406-421
-1887 251-258, 264, 265
237
53
Employers' opinions on various subjects
N.C..
1888
170-209
157
+
Employers' opinions on weekly payment of wages.
Employers' opinions on weekly payment of wages.
Employers' returns in various industries..
Conn
1886
44-55
18
R. I...
1887
68-71
214
Mo
1884
183-227
113
-
Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS
283
Bureau report.
Page

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Employers' returns in various industries.
Employers' returns on wages of employés.
Employers' returns on wages and hours of labor of employés.
Employment agencies and intelligence oflices, law relating to.
Employment agencies, consideration of..
Employment agencies, consideration of.
Employment agencies, consideration of.
[]
Employment and schooling of children, law relating to
Employment bureaus, law regulating..
Employment, irregularity of, statistics of.
Employment offices, consideration of, and law regulating
Employment offices, free public, law providing for.
Employment offices, free public, law providing for (Ohio).
Employment offices, free public, statistics of
Employment offices, law relating to.
-
Employment offices, law relating to (Ohio)
Employment offices, private, abuses of.
Employment offices, private, consideration of.
Employment offices, public, law relating to, and statistics of
Encouragement and restraint of marriage, legislation of
states and territories relating to.
Encouragement of industries by the state government.
Endowment associations, consideration and statistics of
Engel's economic law, consideration of..
Engel's law of percentage of expenditure.
Colo 1889-90
Ohio..
R. I...
1888
105-119
-215
Mich
1885
278-352
98
Mich
1884
151-178
97
N. Y..
1889
784, 785
155
Mo...
1890
*35, 36
119
Mo
1891
30-58
120
Ohio..
1888
262-267
180
R. I...
1891
16-20
217
Minu. 1889-90
351, 352
108
Mich
1885
•
251-261
98
46-50
17
1890
†10, 11, 53, 54
180
Iowa 1890-91
237, 238
47
Ohio..
1890
14-19
180
Pa...
1882-83
159a, 160a
204
Mich
1892
431
106
Iowa.
1890-91
217-237
47
Ohio
1890
21-24
181
Mo..
1891
31-40
120
U.S..
1889
26-28
226
Conn..
· 1887
46-70
18
Cal
1889-90
150-217
14
-
Mass.
1875
437-450
73
Mass
1884
465, 466
- 85
Engel's law of percentage of expenditure.
Engel's law of percentage of expenditure
Mass
1885
151, 152
86
→
N.J..
1885
144, 145
136
Engel's law of percentage of expenditure.
Engineer's and machinery rooms, connection between. law
requiring (Massachusetts).
Engineers, examining and licensing of, law providing for.
Engineers', Locomotive, Life Insurance Association, history
and statistics of.
Ohio ..
1885
139
176
R. I...
1888
180, 181
216
Ohio..
1890
Conn .
1891
Engineers, stationary, grievances of, consideration of..
Engineers, stationary, licensing of, consideration of.
Kans
1888
41, 42
407-414
22-25
181
Colo
1887-88
303-308
England and Wales, marriage and divorce in, laws and statis-
tics of.
U. S ..
1889
1012-1015
227
22 823
53
16
English factory act.
N. J
1889
233-303
144
English factory act.
N. Y..
1884
455-501
149
English factory act, 1891.
N. J ..
1891
151-169
146
English factory act as applied to textile factories, synopsis of. Minn. 1889-90
160-163
-107
English factory act, synopsis of..
N.J.
1882
86-91
131
English factory law, suminary of.
Ohio..
1879
303-305
169
English factory law, summary of.
Pa...
1884
21-25
205
English factory laws
Mo
1882
125-129
111
English factory legislation, review of by Carroll D. Wright.
English laws, digest of, relative to machinery and sanitary
matters.
Minn. 1889-90
155-163
107
Mass
1874
156-159
71
Ensilage and silos, consideration of..
N. J
1879
179-186
127
Ensilage and silos, consideration of
N.J.
1880
179-194
128
Erie, commerce and manufactures of, statistics of...
Erie, commerce of, statistics of….
Enumeration of children of school age, law relating to (Con-
necticut).
Europe, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of.
Evasious of exemption, law preventing
Evening schools, attendance in, expense of, by cities and
towns.
N. Y..
1884
410
149
Pa... 1875-76
Pa.. 1872-73
910-916
193
292-294
194
U.S.. 1889
979-1067
223
Ohio..
1881
249
173
Mass
1874
6,7
71
Evening schools, free, law providing for teaching industrial
drawing in.
N. Y..
1887
767
153
Evening schools, law providing for.
Conn
1887
277
19
Evening schools, law providing for.
Mass.
1890
42, 51, 52
94
Evening schools, law providing for.
Pa..
1882-83
167a-169a
204
Excavations for buildings, law relating to..
N. J
1891
44, 45
146
Execution and attachment, exemption from, law relating to..
Iowa
Execution and attachment, exemption of earnings from, law
Wis
1890-91
1885-86
257-259
48
14
237
relating to (amended).
Execution and attachment, exemption of personal earnings
and property from, law relating to.
Ohio..
1879
313, 314
169
Execution and attachment, exemption of property from, law
relating to.
Execution and attachment, exemption of property from, law
relating to.
Wis
1883-84
- -
175, 176
237
Wis
1885-86
15-18
237
Execution, exemption from, law relating to. (See Exemption.)
Execution, law protecting females against..
·
*
Execution, stay of, law relating to
Execution, stay of, law relating to
Execution, stay of, law relating to
Execution, stay of, law relating to
Execution, stay of, law relating to
Ohio. 1886
* Volume I.
tAppendix.
Mich..
1892
Mich. 1592
Ohio..
1877
Ohio.. 1878
435, 436
106
436
106
191, 192
163
327
166
Ohio.. 1880
1382
172
334
178
284
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page

Subjects.
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Exemption from foreign attachment, law providing for.
Exemption from liabilities for injuries to employés, law pro-
hibiting from contracting for (Massachusetts).
Exemption law
Exemption, law preventing evasions of.
Exemption from execution and attachment, law providing for.
Exemption from execution, law providing for
Exemption from execution. law providing for
Exemption from execution, law providing for
Execution, stay of, law relating to
Execution, stay of, law relating to
·
Executions, foreclosures, and real estate mortgage indebted-
ness, statistics of
Executive, judicial, and legislative departments, directory of
Executors and administrators, number of, by counties, 1870-'80
Exemption and attachment. law relating 10.
Exemption from attachment, law relating to.
Exemption from attachment, law relating to.
Pa..
Pa.... 1879--80
438
200
Pa…….
N.J..
1880-81
596
202
1889
305-390
144
1872-73
295-301
184
Ind..
Md...
Ill..
1881
285-289
35
1884-85
232, 233
64
1881-82
409, 410
25
R. I..
1888
203, 204
216
Iowa
1890-91
257-259
48
Mass
1890
26, 27
94
N. J ..
1885
373-378
137
Ohio..
1886
336, 337
178
Conn
1887
263
-
18
R. I..
1888
174
216
Colo
1887-88
496-499
16
Ohio..
1878
326
166
Exemption, law preventing evasious of.
Exemption, law preventing evasions of.
Exemption, law preventing evasions of.
Ohio..
1879
314, 315
169
Ohio.. 1880
1383, 1384
172
Ohio.. 1881
249
173
Exemption, law preventing evasions of.
Exemption of certain property from execution, law providing
for.
Exemption of earnings from attachment and execution, law
relating to (amended).
Ohio..
N. J ..
Wis. 1885-86
Exemption of employés of telegraph companies from militia N. J ...
or jury duty, law providing for.
1886
334
178
1879
17, 18
127
..
14
237
1891
91
147
Exemption of homesteads from execution, law relating to
Exemption of personal earnings from attachment, law relat-
Conn.
1887
264-266
18
Ohio..
1879
313
169
ing to.
Exemption of personal earnings from attachment, law relat
Ohio..
1881
248
173
ing to.
Exemption of personal property from attachment, law relat-
ing to.
Ohio..
1879
314
169
Exemption of personal property from attachment, law relat-
ing to.
Ohio..
1881
249
173
Exemption of personal property from execution, law relat-
ing to.
Conr
1887
263, 264
18
Exemption of personal property from execution, law relat-
ing to.
N. J..
1891
75
146
Exemption of personal property from taxation, law relat-
ing to.
Conn.
1887
266
19
Exemption of property and wages from execution, law re-
lating to.
Ohio..
1880
1383
172
Exemption of property from attachment, law relating to.
Exemption of property from attachment, law relating to.
Exemption of property from execution and attachment, law
relating to.
Exemption of property from execution and attachment, law
relating to.
·
Exemption of property from execution, law relating to.
Exemption of property from execution, law relating to.
Exemption of property from execution, law relating to.
Exemption of property from execution, law relating to.
Exemption of wages from attachment, law relating to..
Exemption of wages from attachment, law relating to..
Exodusters," consideration of colored immigration into the
state.
Expenditure, percentage of, in relation to income, according
to Dr. Engel's law.
Pa.
R. I
1887
93, 94
215
R. I
1889
210, 211
217
Wis
1883-84
175, 176
236
Wis.. 1885-86
15-18
237
Kans 1886
Pa.... 1879-80
464, 465
51
425, 426
200
Pa..
1880-81
·
581, 582
202
1882-83
172a
204
Colo.. 1889–90
63
17
-
Minn 1889-90
Kans.
359
108
1885
248-257
49
Mass
1875
437-450
73
Expenditure, percentage of, in relation to income, according Mass.
1884
465, 466
85
to Dr. Engel's law.
Expenditure, percentage of, in relation to income, according
Mass
1885
151, 152
86
to Dr. Engel's law.
Expenditure, percentage of, in relation to income, according
N. J..
1885
144, 145
136
to Dr. Engel's law.
Expenditure, percentage of, in relation to income, according
Ohio... 1885
139
176
to Dr. Engel's law.
Expenditures and receipts of the United States
Ind... 1885-86
Expenditures, annual, and debt per capita, of various cities.. Mich. 1892
421
39
390
105
Expenditures, family, analysis of
Expense of decennial census
Ill.... 1883-84
Mich.
303-337
26
1885
13-17
97
Expenses and earnings. (See Earnings and expenses.)
Expenses and income. (See Income and expenses.)
Expenses and indebtedness of cities and counties
Expenses and receipts of national government, 1861-'73
Expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
·
·
Expenses, average monthly and annual, of unskilled working. | Nebr
Iowa 1886-87
Pa... 1873-74
Pa.. 1878-79
Wis 1885-86
1889-90
369-375
45
58,59
186
324-352
198
444, 445
238
28-49
123
men.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
285
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
State. * Year.
Page.
this
book.
Expenses, average weekly, of workingmen's families in cer-
tain cities.
Expenses, family, in Illinois and Massachusetts and certain
foreign countries compared.
-
Expenses, family, in United States and Europe compared.
Expenses of each county, by items
Expenses of each county, by items
Expenses of each county, by items
Expenses of each county, by items
Expenses of each county, by items
Expenses of each county, by items
Expenses of each county, by items
Expenses of each county. by items
Expenses of each county, by items
Expenses of each township, by items
Pa.... 1874-75
526, 527
190
Ill.... 1883-84 333-335, 345-349
27
Ill..
1883-84
335, 336
27
Ind..
1879
355-357!
33
Ind
1880
266-275
34
Ind
1881
250-272 !
35
·
Ind
1882
316-359
36
-
Ind..
1883
87-102
36
Ind..
1884
142-183
38
Ind.
1885-86
331-344
39
Ind
1887-88 208-215, 324-331
40
-
-
Ind
1889-90 182-197, 221-228
41
Ind
1879
367-389
33
Expenses of families in various states, Prussia, and Great
Britain compared.
Ohio..
1885
137, 138
176
Expenses of workingwomen
Expenses, per capita, in public institutions and families com-
pared.
Cal
Ohio..
1887-88
1885
50-56
11
97
176
Expenses, state, by items
Pa... 1873-74
61,382 186,188
Expenses, state, by items
Pa...
1874-75
147, 148
188
Expenses, state, by items
Pa.
1875-76
80, 81
191
Expenses, state, by items.
Pa...
1876-77
72, 73
194
Expenses, state, by items.
Pa..
1877-78
31
196
Expenses, total and per capita, in public institutions.
Expenses, weekly and annual, of workingmen's families.
Explosion, coal mine, at Rich Hill, investigation of...
Explosions, accidents, and conflagrations, statistics of.
Explosions, boiler, account of..
Explosions, boiler, statistics of..
Ohio..
1886
231-237
178
Mass
1872
526, 527
69
Μο
1888
8-55
117
Ohio.
1881
101-109
172
Ohio.. 1883
253-254
175
Ohio..
1880
1366-1368
171
Explosions, boiler, statistics of
Ohio.
1882
319-325
174
Explosions, steam boiler, statistics of.
Export prices of commodities, 1855-'85.
Exports, agricultural, value of, 1860-'85.
Exports, amount and value of, Philadelphia.
Kans
1888
23, 24
53
U. S
1885
74.75
219
U. S
1885
249
220
Pa..
1873-74
321-333
187
Exports, amount and value of, Philadelphia.
Exports, amount and value of, Philadelphia.
Exports, amount and value of, Philadelphia.
Exports and imports. (See Imports and exports.)
Exports, domestic and foreign, statistics of
Exports from the state, value of..
Exports of coal, amount of (United States), 1878...
Exports of hides and leather, statistics of, Philadelphia
Exports of iron and steel, value of (United States), 1791-1874
Exports of the United States, amount and value of
Pa.
1874-75
508-516
190
Pa.. 1875-76
881-890
193
Pa.... 1876-77
605-616
195
Pa...
Mass
1891
1889
112C-149C
213
197-207
91
Pa..
1879-80
21
199
Exports of hats from New York and San Francisco, statistics of.
N. J
1887
337
141
Pa...
1873-74
193
187
Pa.
1874-75
329, 330
189
Pa.
1879-80
186-189
199
Exports of the United States, amount and value of, by items,
1862-'80.
Ind...
1880
288-291
34
Exports of the United States, value of, 1820–33. -
Ind...
1883
407,408
38
Exports of wheat and flour from the United States, 1861-'30
Exports of wheat and value of silver, relation between..
Exports of wheat from Russia, India, and the United States,
1852-'90.
Pa..
1890
57A
211
Pa.
1890
56A-62 A
211
Pa...
1890
65A
211
Exposition, Centennial, account of.
Exports, value of, Philadelphia, 1791-1891
Exposition, Centennial, participation in, by the state
-
Pa…….
1891
26C, 27C
213
Pa...
1875-76
943-1064
193
Pa...
1875-76
1011-1064
193
F.
Fabrics, textile, manufacture of…….
Cal.
1889-90
11-45
13
Factories, accidents in. (See Accidents in factories.)
Factories and employés homes, report of U. S. committee on
Factories and employés' homes, sanitary condition of..
Factories and public buildings, inspection of, law providing
for (Massachusetts)."
N. Y..
N. F.
R. I
1884
375-385
149
1884
34-55
148
1888
180
216
Factories and shops, employment of women and children in,
law regulating.
Mass
1891
XXI-XXV
95
Factories and shops, fire-escapes for, employers' and employés' Mo...
1880
159-171
110
returns on.
Factories and shops, fire escapes for, law requiring.
Factories and shops, fire-escapes for, law requiring
Factories and shops, hours of labor of women and children in,
law regulating.
Conn. 1885
Me
1890
Minn. 1889-90
87
17
174-179
62
351
108
Factories and shops in which females are employed, sanitary
R. I...
1889
27-137
216
condition of.
Factories and shops, inspection of, law providing for.
Factories and shops, inspection of, law providing for
Factories and shops, inspection of, law providing for
Factories and shops, inspection of, law providing for
Factories and shops, inspection of, law providing for
N.J..
1883
452-457
134
N.J
1885
353-357
137
N. J
1886
433
140
W
N. J
1888
642, 643
144
Ohio.. 1890
*21-23
181
* Appendix.
286
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page

of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Factories and shops, inspection of, laws of Connecticut and R. I
Massachusetts providing for.
1888
174-198 216
Factories and shops, inspection of, statistics of ...
Factories and shops, law providing for inspectors of, (New
Jersey).
Mo..
1891
323-474
121
N.Y..
1884
432-435
149
"
Factories and shops, law relating to
Factories and shops, law relating to...
Factories and shops, means of egress from..
Factories and shops, means of egress from..
Factories and shops, number and wages of women employed
in.
•
•
-
Factories and shops, number of boys and women employed in.
Factories and shops, safeguards against fire in, returns on..
Factories and shops, safeguards against fire in, statistics of..
Factories and shops, safety of employés in, law providing for.
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of
·
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of, (Baltimore)
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of, (counties) -
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of, law relating to.
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of, law relating to...
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of, law relating to
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of, law requiring
proper.
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of, law requiring
proper (Massachusetts).
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of, law requiring
proper (Massachusetts).
N. Y..
1887
762-764
153
N. Y..
1889
794-797, 806–812
155
Ohio..
1882
201-205
174
Ohio..
1883
81-89
174
Ohio.. 1889
26-28
180
Ohio..
1888
253-257
180
N. Y..
1885
118-145
150
Me..
1888
89-91
60
N. J
1891
33-42
146
Cal... 1887-88
32-49
11
Cal... 1889-90
332-340
14
Me
1888
85-88
*60
Mo
1880
129-143
109
Mo.
1884
146-178
113
Mo
1890
88-188
119
N. J
1879
88-93
127
N. Y
1885
81-117
150
Ohio.
1889
32
180
Md..
1888-89
153-169
65
Md..
1888--89
202-204
65
Me
1888
188-191
60
Md
1884-85
234, 235
64
Md.. 1888-89
*12
65
Mass
1800
57-59
94
Minn
1889-90
176, 177
107
N. J..
1885
358-360
137
Factories and shops, sanitary condition of, law requiring
proper (Massachusetts).
R. I..
1888
185-187
216
Factories and shops, statistics of.
Mo
1890
53-394
119
*
Factories and shops, ventilation in, law requiring proper.
Factories and shops, ventilation in, law requiring proper
(Massachusetts).
Mass
1890
60, 61
94
Minn
1889-90
177, 178
107
Factories and shops, ventilation in, law requiring proper
(Massachusetts).
R. I..
1888
187, 188
216
Factories and shops, women and children employed in, hours
of labor of, law regulating.
Factories, child labor in, consideration of..
Factories, employment of children in, law relating to (Massa-
chusetts).
Wis
1883-84
171
236
Mass
1870
134-158
67
-
N. Y..
1884
420-422
149
Factories, employment of children in, law relating to (New
Hampshire).
N. Y..
1884
426-428
149
Factories, employment of children in, law relating to (Rhode
Island).
N. Y..
1884
443-445
149
Factories, employment of children in, law relating to (Ver-
mont).
N. Y
Y..
1884
445, 446
149
Factories, employment of children in, returns on
·
N. Y..
1884
22-356 148,149
Factories, employment of women and children in, law relating
to (amended).
N. Y
1889
794-797, 806-812
155
Factories, employment of women and children in, law relating
to (Wisconsin).
N. Y
1884
446
149
Factories, employment of women and children in, law relat-
ing to.
N. Y..
1887
718–720, 762–764
153
Factories, etc., employment of women and children in, law
regulating.
N.J..
1891
29-33, 584 146,147
Factories, etc., fining system in..
Ill...
Factories, fire-escapes for, law requiring.
N. Y..
1885-86
1889
499-526
29
794-797, 806-812
155
Factories, fire escapes from upper stories of, statistics of...
Factories, fire escapes in, statistics of……..
Mass
1885
152-177
72
Mass
1877.
229-291
75
Factories, fire escapes in, statistics of, by counties.
Factories, hours of labor of children in
Pa...
1880-81
107-124
201
N.J.
1880
34-36
128
Factories, hours of labor of children, law regulating (In-
diana).
Factories, hours of labor of minors and women employed in,
N.Y.. 1884
418
149
N. Y..
1884
423, 424
149
law regulating (Massachusetts).
Factories, inspection of, law relating to..
Conn
1887
268-270
19
Factories, inspection of, law relating to..
Md... 1884-85
234
64
Factories, inspection of, law providing for
Pa..
1890
12-15
212
Factories, inspection of, law relating to (Connecticnt)
R. I...
1888
196-198
216
Factories, inspection of, law relating to (Massachusetts)
Mich.
1885
93, 94
97
Factories, losses by fire in, statistics of, 1885-'89 ...
Wis
1888-89
164-166
239
Factories, municipal regulations relating to, Chicago.
Ill..
1879-80
233, 234
23
* Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
287

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Page.
this
book.
Factories, municipal regulations relating to, Chicago..
Factories, municipal regulations relating to (Chicago, Ill.)
Factories, proper meal times for employés in, law providing N. Y.
for.
Ill..
1881-82
398-400
N. Y..
1884
416-418
149
1889
806-812
155
Factories, safety and sanitary appliances in, law requiring..
Factories, sanitary condition of, law relating to
N. Y..
Md.
1889
1884-85
794-797, 806-812
155
234-235
Factories, statistics of …………
N. Y..
1884
22-55
148
Factories, textile, sanitary condition of..
Mass
1874
109-159
Factories, textile, synopsis of English factory and workshop
Miun
1889-90
160-163
107
act, as applied to.
Factories, value of machinery, etc., in
Mass
1882
230-237
BAR RUGER T
25
64
71
81
Factorizing, employers' opinions on
Conn.
1886
56-60
18
Factorizing [trustee process] and assignments, consideration
Mass
1882
209-214
81
of.
Factorizing [trustee process], law relating to.
Mass
1890
12, 13
94
Factory act of England
N. J
1889
233-303
144
Factory act of England
N. Y..
1884
455-501
149
Factory act of England, synopsis of.
N.J..
1882
86-91
131 ·
Factory act of Switzerland.
N. J
1889
225-230
144
Factory and shop inspectors, reports of
Ill
1879-80
157-162
23
Factory and workshop act (England), 1891..
N. J
1891
151-169
146
Factory and workshop act, English, as applied to textile
factories, synopsis of.
Factory building improvements and new machinery added,
statistics of.
Minn 1889-90
160-163
107
-
Wis 1888-89
116α-125a
240
Factory employés, law relating to (Massachusetts)
Factory employés, moral condition of
Md ..
1888-89
*32-34
65
R. I..
1888
129-141
215
Factory employés, statistics of
Mass
1876
162-168
74
Factory, etc., inspectors, reports of.
Wis
1887-88
243-366
238
Factory, etc., inspectors, reports of.
Wis.. 1888-89
1a-134a
239
Factory inspectors, law providing for
N. Y..
1887
718-720
153
Factory inspectors. law providing for (amended)
N. Y..
1889
806-812
155
Factory inspectors, report of
Factory inspectors, report of
Factory inspectors, law providing for (New Jersey).
Factory, etc., inspectors, report of.
N. I
1884
432-435
149
Pa.
1890
1-138
212
•
Pa.
1891
1E-148E
213
Wis
1885-86
487-522
238
Factory labor in New England, history of, early
Mass
1883
377-401
83
Factory law of Chicago
Md
1888-89
*27.28
65
Factory laws, English, penalties for violation of
Mass
1874
158, 159
71
→
Factory laws in various states.
Cal.
1883-84
199-201
8
Factory laws of England..
Μο
1882
125-129
11
Factory laws of England, summary of
Factory laws of the state, Massachusetts and England, sum-
mary of.
Ohio
1879
303-305
169
Pa....
1884
21-27 i
205
Factory legislation, consideration of……
Pa... 1880-81
95-104
201
Factory legislation, English, review of, by Carroll D. Wright. Minn. 1889–90
Factory legislation in England, history of.
155-163
107
Mass
1875
115-142
72
Factory legislation recominended.
Mass
1875
177-187
72
Factory schools, opinion of state board of education on
Factory system, consideration of ……
Mass
1874
9
71
Mass..
1870
106-134
67
Factory system in England, beginning of
Mass..
1875
7-11
72
Failures, business, consideration and statistics of
Failures. business, statistics of, 1880-'84
Failures, business, in the United States, number of and amount
of liabilities in, by states, 1871–74.
Failures, business, number of, and amount of liabilities in,
1857-'85.
Fall River mills, facts concerning..
U.S...
Pa.. 1873-74
Pa... 1873-74
1885
70-73
186
413-415
188
67
219
Wis.. 1883-84
255
236
Mass.. 1874
154, 155
71
Families and homes of workingmen, statistics of
Ill.. 1885-86
244-255
29
Families, average size of, in different states and cities, 1870–'80.
Families, individual presentation of the condition of..
Families occupying tenements, number of, Boston.
Families of wage-receivers, statistics of
Mich….
1885
262,263
98
Mass..
1875
218-354
73
·
Mass.. 1891
Mass.. 1876
6-365
95,96
70-77
73
Families of workingmen, condition of
Families of workingmen, condition of.
Ill.
1883-84
-
357-414 | 26, 27
Families of workingmen, conditions relative to, by cities and
industries.
Me.... 1887
U.S... 1888
61-75
58
352-368
225
Families of workingmen, in various industries, average size of.
Families of workingmen, number and size of.
N. J...
Ill
1883
1883-84
XXVII, 4-29
133
►
139-154, 156 | 26,27
Families of workingmen. size of.
R. I...
1887
48, 52, 55, 57
214
Families of workingmen, statistics of.
Mass..
1875
200-218
72
Families, size of, of employés in various industries
Ohio.
1880
1320-1330
171
Familistere, Society of the, Guise, France, consideration of .
Family relation, disfavor thrown upon...
N.J...
1882
92-98
131
Mass..
1874
39
71
Farm, Burnham Industrial, law incorporating
N. Y..
1887
711-715
153
Farm crops, cost of growing and value of, in various localities
Farm implements, prices of, 1870-'89
Mo...
1880
254-258
110
Pa.
1889
224 A
210
·
Farm implements, prices of, 1870–'90 .
Farm labor, consideration of (England)
Farm labor, statistics of.
Pa..
1890
5a, 6a
211
Mass
1870
81-87
Cal ... 1883-84
171-174
67
7,8
*Appendix.
'
288
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of

this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Farm laborers, average wages of, by counties
Ohio..
1888
248-250
179
Farm laborers, educational, moral, and financial condition of.. N. C..
Farm laborers, hours of labor and mode of payment of
Farm laborers, hours of labor and wages of
1887
81-137 156,157
Mo...
-
1880
268-271
110
N.J..
1880
16-19
128
Farm laborers, hours of labor and wages of
N. J.
1884
200-203
134
-
·
Farm laborers, hours of labor and wages of
Farm laborers in certain states, wages of .
Farm laborers in foreign countries, wages of
Farm laborers, statistics of.
Farm laborers, wages of.
Farm laborers, wages of.
Farm laborers, wages of.
Farm laborers, wages of.
Farm laborers, wages of.
Farm laborers, wages of.
Farm laborers, wages of
Farm laborers, wages of.
-
-
Farm laborers, wages of, 1860, 1870, 1874
N.J..
1885+
110, 111
135
N. J.
1881
77-79
129
Me.
1887
80-83
58
Mass
1876
169
74
Conn..
1888
148-260
20
Iowa.. 1890-91
19-54
47
Mich..
1888
8-83
101
Mo.
1880
259-265
110
N.C..
1890
224-314
159
Ohio..
1877
318, 319
183
Ohio..
1879
254-257
169
Pa...
1872-73
405, 406
185
Pa.. 1874-75
118
188
Farm laborers, wages of, 1860, 1872, 1878.
Mass..
1879
67
77
Farm laborers, wages of, by countie
Mass
1871
159
68
Farm laborers, wages of, by counties.
N.C.
1887
82-137 156,157
Farm laborers, wages of, by counties
Pa... 1879-80
240, 241
200
Farm laborers, wages of, by counties, townships, and seasons. Mich..
1884
161, 174
97
Farm laborers, wages of (farmers' returns)..
N.C..
1889
25-141
158
Farm laborers, wages of (farmers' returns).
Farm laborers, wages of, in the state and Europe
Farm laborers, wages of, in the state and Europe
Farm laborers, wages of, in the state and Europe
Farm laborers, wages of, in the state and Europe
Farm laborers, wages of (United States).
Farm laborers, wages of, in various states and foreign coun-
tries.
N.C
1891
14-121
160
Iowa.. 1884-85
188-191
43
Iowa.. 1886-87
159-164
44
•
Iowa.. 1888-89
104-110
45
Mich
1886
N.J... 1882
Cal.. 1885-86
175-191
99
53-57
131
49-52
9
Farm lands, cost of, rents, and prices of.
Ohio..
1877
313-315
163
Farm lands, prices and rents of.
Μο
1879
29-33
109
Farm land values, statistics of, by counties.
N. J
1890
326-341
146
Farm machinery, cost of, and value of products compared
Ind..
1881
166, 167
35
Farm machinery, effect of, upon labor...
Mo...
1880
259-265
110
Farm mortgages in certain states, statistics of.
Ohio.. 1888
19
179
Farm mortgages, Sarpy county, statistics of
Nebr
1889-90
263-312
124
Farm products, amount and value of, by items.
Farm products and prices of farm stock.
Farm products and stock, prices of, by counties
Farm products, by countries
Pa..
1879-80
162-177
200
Mo
1879
34-39
109
Ohio.
1877
•
316, 317
163
Cal... 1885-86
36-39
9
Farm products, by items and counties, 1870
Farm products, prices of, at different points, 1876-'89
Farm products, prices of, Philadelphia, 1880-'90
Farm products, quantity and value of, by items.
Farm products, quantity and value of, by items.
Farm products, quantity and value of, by items.
Farm products, quantity of, by counties
Farm products, quantity of, by counties
Farm products, quantity of, by counties
Farm products, qnantity of, by counties
Farm products, quantity of, by counties.
Pa.
1873-74
52-54
185
Pa...
1889
225 A-247 A
210
Pa...
1890
8a-24a í
211
Ind...
1880
299-302
34
Ind.. 1885-86
2-249
39
Ind... 1887-88 150-177, 266-311
40
•
Farm products, quantity of, by counties
Farm products, quantity of, by counties
Farm products, rates of transportation of, from various
points to Philadelphia, 1880-'89.
Farm products, rates of transportation of, from various
points to Philadelphia, 1880-'90.
Farm products, statistics of.
Farm products, statistics of.
-
Farm products, statistics of, 1879-'90
Farm products, statistics of, 1870 ..
Ind... 1889-90
Pa.
Pa.... 1890
Ill.. 1881-82
Mich
Ind... 1879
Ind... 1880
Ind...
1881
Ind...
1882
Ind... 1883
Ind...
1884
77-147
32
42-148
34
4-133
34
8-149
35
17-77
36
1-137
38
73-179
41
1889
248 A-263 A
210
8a-24a
211
XVII, XVIII
24
Ind...
1886
1889-90
186 99, 100
8-15
41
Pa.. 1872-73
38-45
182
·
Farm products, value of (farmers' returns)
Farm products, value of (farmers' returns)
Farm products, value of (farmers' returns)
Farm products, yield per acre of, in the United States
Farm stock, prices of….
N.C..
1888
386-397
158
-
N. C
1889
16-141
158
-
N.C.
1891-
10-121
160
Iowa.. 1890-91
17-18
47
•
Mo
1879
34-39
109
Farmers' failures, farmers' opinions on the causes of.
Farmers' institutes, establishment of, recommended
Farmers, nationality and comparative prosperity of
Farmers, opinions of, on condition of agricultural class.
Farmers, opinions of, on condition of working classes
Farmers' opinions relative to their condition.
Farmers' opinions relative to their condition.
·
·
Farmers' opinions relative to their condition.
Farm values, changes in (farmers' returns)
Farmers and farm laborers, nativity, age, and illiteracy of....
Farmers and others, suggestions of, relating to sites for in-
dustrial purposes.
Pa...
1890
1a-93a
211
-
Mass 1878
Iowa.. 1884-85
164-180
76
194-203
43
Nebr
1887-88
203-217
123
-
•
N. D.
1889-90
221, 222
· 162
Mich
1888
89-388
101
Me...
1890
59-91
61
Iowa 1888-89
111-123
45
N.C
1888
398-423
158
N. C
1889
25-141
158
N.C
1891
14-121
160
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
289
T

Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Farmers' returns on various subjects, relating to their in- N. J ..
dustry.
1879
144-152
127
Farming and farm values, depression of, investigation of.
Farming, cooperative, consideration of.
Farming industry, farmers' returns on
Pa...
1889
1A-205 A
210
Cal
1887-88
318-320
12
Mo..
1880
249-284
110
Farming land, changes in value of, by counties (farmers' re-
turns).
Pa...
1889
8a-205a
210
Farming, losses and profits in corn-growing, 1880-89
Farming, losses and profits in (farmers' returns)
Iowa
1890-91
14, 15
47
N.C
1889
16-23
158
Farming, losses and profits in (farmers' returns)..
Farms, abandoned, statistics of..
N. C
1891
10-121
160
Me...
1890
93-135
62
Farms, abandoned, statistics of..
Farms, acreage and value of (farmers' returns)
Farms, acreage and value of (farmers' returns)
Farms, acreage and value of (farmers' returns)
Farms, acreage and value of (farmers' returns)
Farms, acreage, rental, and value of....
Farms and farm labor
Farms and farm labor and products, statistics relating to
Farms and farm labor, consideration and statistics of.
Farins and farm labor (farmers' returns)
Farms and farm labor (farmers' returns)
Farms and farm labor, statistics of
Farms and farm labor, statistics of
Farms and farm labor, statistics of
Farms and farm labor, statistics of
Farms and farm labor, statistics of
Farms and farm products, statistics of.
Farms and farm products, statistics of.
Farms, comparative size of ...
-
Mich
Farms, number and acreage of, occupied by owners or tenants. Pa..
by counties.
Farms, number and size of.
Pa.. 1872-73
·
Mass..
1890
182-241
95
N. C
1888
386-397
158
N. C
1889
16-23
158
•
N.C
1890
220-223
159
-
N.C
1891
10-121
160
Iowa
1884-85
192, 193
43
-
Iowa 1888-89
103-123
45
-
Conn
*1888
137-263
20
Mo
1879
25-51
108
N.C
1887
75-137
156
N.C
1888
381-423
158
Me.
1887
223-229
59
Me..
1890
7-58
61
Mass
1872
21-47
69
Mich
1888
8-388
101
Mo
1884
57-89
112
Nebr
1887-88 345–349, 379-386
122
N.D.. 1859–90
53-72, 78-91
161
1888
86-88
101
1889
206A-223A
210
34.35
182
Farms, number of, occupied by owners and by tenants
Farms, value of, by counties
Fauna, molluscous
Female and child labor considered, in various industries
Mich
1888
8-83
101
Pa…….. 1873-74
50,51
185
Ind
1830
451-467
34
Md..
1888-89
30-86
65
Female employés, condition of, consideration of
Female and male employés, number and percentage of, in
various industries (state census, 1885).
Female college graduates, health of, statistics of
Female colleges, academies, and seminaries, statistics of.
Female employés, average earnings of, in various industries.
Female employés, condition of.
Female employés, consideration of……………
Female employés, costs in suits brought by, law relating to
(amended).
Female employés, hours of labor and wages of..
Female employés, hours of labor, wages, and expenses of
Female employés in various industries, conjugal condition
and nationality of.
Female employés in various industries, wages of, Philadel-
phia, 1870, 1871.
Female employés, law relating to....
R. I...
1889
159-168
216
Mass
1885
471-532
86
Pa.. 1873-74
125
186
R. I.
1889
146
216
...
Me..
1888
114-148
60
Wis
1883-84
109-115
276
R. I..
1889
15-23
216
N. Y..
1889
798, 799
155
N. J
Ill.
1888
430-449
143
R. I...
1881-82
1889
347.348
25
26-136
216
Pa.... 1872–73
439
185
Md
1884-85
246, 247
64
Female employés, lien rights of, law relating to.
Female employés, opinions of, on various subjects..
Female employés owning or renting homes, number of, re-
porting.
N. T..
1884
397
149
R. I...
1889
147-155
216
R. I...
1889
27-137
216
1
Female employés, preservation of health of, law providing for.
Female employés, preservation of health of, law providing for.
Female employés, preservation of health of, law providing for.
Female employés, preservation of health of, law providing for.
Female employés, seats for. (See Seats for female employés.)
Female employés, statistics of
N. J
1891
25, 29
146
N. Y
1884
396
149
Ohio..
1886
333
178
Ohio..
1890
*24.25
181
N. Y
1885
15-194
150
Female employés, statistics of
Ohio..
1889
26-31
180
Female employés, statistics of
R. I...
1889
26-169
216
Female employés, wages of, by occupation.
Mich
1884
98
96
Female employés, wages of, in various industries.
Mass
1872
62-105
69
Female employés, wages of, in varions industries.
Female employés, wages of, law protecting
R. I..
I...
1889
140-143
216
N. Y..
1884
394-396
149
Female employés, wages of times of payment of, in varions.
industries.
Female health, effects of certain forms of employment upon
Female labor, freedom of, in selecting occupation, law relating
to (Illinois).
R. I...
1889
26-136
216
Mass
1875
65-112
72
N. Y..
1884
412, 413
149
Female labor in Europe, effects of upon population.
Female labor, laws of England relating to
Jemale labor, statistics of
Female labor, statistics of
N. Y
1890
•
81-85
155
N. J
1882
87,88
131
Kans. 1889
281-310
55
Female labor, statistics of.
13400- -19
Mass
N.J
1972
59-118
69
1888
--
430-449
143
Appendix,
290
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

+
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Female labor, statistics of...
Female laber, wages paid for.
Female school teachers, average wages of.
Chio.
1878
222-230
165
Mich
1885
243-245
98
•
R. I
1889
146
216
-
Female sitters, law relating to.
་་
1886-87
160, 161
65
Female sitters, law relating to
Mil
1888-89
*11, 12
65
Female wageworkers, condition of
Colo.
1887-88
313-362
16
Female wageworkers, condition of
Minn. 1887-88
131-196
106
-
Females and children employed in various industries, num-
ber of.
Wis.. 1885-86
484-486
238
Females and males committed to penal institutions, number
and percentage of, 1879-'88.
Females, employment of, consideration of..
Females, freedom of, in selecting occupation, law relating to
(Illinois).
Females, law providing for attachment and sale for payment
of wages of (New York).
Females, unemployed, statistics of.
Females, unmarried, earnings and cost of living of, by occu
pations,
R. I...
1889
169
217
ΠΙ
1879-80
235
23
Md...
1888-89
*25
66
Md... 1888-89
*45-48
65
Mass
1887
5-151
Conn.
1888
132-135
Females, weekly cost of living of, in various industries.
Females (women and girls], employment of, in various indus-
tries.
N. J
1888
430-449
143
N.J
1879
104-156
127
82 22
Fibre and sugar production, state bounty on, consideration of.
Fibre industries, consideration of..
N. J
1881
275-286
130
N. J
1880
157-176
128
Fibre production, consideration of ..
Fibre production, law encouraging.
N. J
1879
157-177
127
N. J
1880
161, 162
128
Fibre production, statistics of
Fibre production, statistics of .
Finance, state, statistics of .
Finance, state, statistics of
N.J
1882
175-209 131,132
..
N. J
1883
319, 320
134
Pa...
1872-73
115-161
182
Pa....
1873-74
60,61
186
Finance, state, statistics of
Finance, state, statistics of
Finance, state, statistics of
Pa.
1874-75
146-151
188
Pa.
1875-76
66-82
191
[]
state, 1880, 1885.
Financial condition of each county, city, and town.
Financial condition of national banks..
Finance, state, statistics of ...
Financial condition and population of certain cities of the
Financial condition of banks
Financial condition of cities and towns.
Financial condition of each county, and value of public prop-
erty.
Pa..
N.J..
Pa.
1876-77
71-74
194
-
1877-78
30-32
196
1886
401
140
Ind...
1879
274-283
·
·
Iowa 1888-89
303-353
Ind... 1879
446-453
Iowa
1886-87
369-375
Pa...
1876-77
59-70
194
Financial condition of national banks.
Pa
1877-78
18-29
196
ORA WAY
Financial condition of savings banks
Financial condition of workingmen.
Financial statistics, by counties.
Fines for imperfect weaving, law regulating
Fines imposed upon weavers, law relating to...
Iowa
1888-89
355-358
46
Mo..
1880
79-88
109
L
·
Fines, system of, in factories, stores, and other establish-
ments.
Finished bar iron, cost of production of, in United States and
Europe.
Mo
Mass
Mass.
Ill... 1885-86
1882
139-146
111
1890
XXVI, 66
94
1891
XXVI
499-526
32
95
29
U.S..
1890
124-134
231
Finished bar iron, prices of Philadelphia, 1844-'89.
Firearms, sale of, to children, law prohibiting
U.S
1890
135
231
N. J
1885
*397, 398
137
Fire brick, earthenware, etc., industries, statistics of.
Fire clay industry, statistics of..
Pa...
1885
101-103
207
Mich
1889
1-9
102
Fire department of St. Louis, statistics of
Mo..
1885
192
115
-
Fire escapes and ways of egress in certain buildings, law re-
lating to.
Fire escapes, consideration and statistics of…..
Fire escapes, etc., laws relating to (Massachusetts)
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring.
N.J.. 1891
38-42
146
Wis
1883-84
166-170
236
Me..
Conn
1888
191-199
60
1887
276
19
-
·
N.J..
1886
432, 433, 439-
140-
441
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring.
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring, Cincinnati.
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring..
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring
N. J
1888
643-645
144
N. J.
1889
434
145
N. Y..
1887
762-764
153
Ohio.
1881
108, 109
172
Ohio..
1883
89,90
174
Pa.... 1879-80
430, 431
200
Pa.. 1880-81
586, 587
202
R. I..
1888
205
216
R. I...
1889
219-222
217
returns on.
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring (amended)
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring (amended)
Fire escapes for certain buildings, law requiring (Massachu-
setts).
Fire escapes for factories and shops, employers' and employés' Mo.
Fire escapes for factories and shops, law relating to.....
N. J
1887
348, 349
141
Wis
R. I...
1885-86
5-7
237
1888
194, 195
216
1880
159-171
110
Me.
1890
174-179
62
·· •
*Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
291
!

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Fire escapes for factories and shops, law requiring
Fire escapes for factories, law requiring
Fire escapes for factories. law requiring
Fire escapes for factories, law requiring
Fire escapés for factories, law requiring (Massachusetts)
Fire escapes from upper stories of factories, statistics of.
Fire escapes in factories, statistics of, by counties
Fire escapes of factories and shops, statistics of ..
Fire escapes, statistics of ..
Fire, examination of certain buildings as to safety in case of,
law providing fors
Fire in factories, losses by, statistics of, 1885–289.
Fire in mills, means of escape in cases of.
Five, provisions for escape from certain buildings in case of,
law securing (Massachusetts).
Conn
1885
87
17
Mass
1890
N. J ..
1885
76-78, 86-90
359-361
94
137
N. Y..
1889
794-797, 806–812
155
Minn
1889-90
178-181
107
Mass
1875
152-177
72
-
Pa....
1880-81
107-124
201
Me...
1888
89-91
60
Mass
1877
229-291
75
Ohio..
1890
*27, 28
181
Wis 1888-89
164-166
239
Mass. 1874
112, 113
71
Minn. 1889–90
183, 184
107
www.
Fire, safeguards against, in factories and shops, returns on
Fire, safeguards against, in factories, returns on
Firemen, Locomotive, Brotherhood of, history and statistics of
Firemen's Benevolent Societies, history and statistics of..
Fires, accidents, and boiler explosions, statistics of..
Firms and corporations, their relative importance in maun-
factures.
N.Y..
1885
118-145
150
N. Y..
1884
44-47
148
Conn.
1891
274-282
22
Conn
1891
1159-1166
22
·
Ohio..
1881
101-109
172
-
Mass
1878
85-98
76
Fish culture, consideration of
N. J
1882
133-174
131
Fish industry, consideration of
Conn
1889
11-13, 154-176
20
Fish industry, statistics of, by towns.
Conn
1889
161-176
20
Fisheries, statistics of
Me..
1887
111-120
58
Fisheries, statistics of
Mass
1872
47-55 i
69
Fishermen, opinions and condition of.
Me
1887
-
111-117
58
Fishing industry, consideration of
Mass
1871
171-188
68
Flax and other fibre industries, consideration of.
N. J
1880
157-176
128
Flax and other fibre prodnetions, consideration of ….
N. J
1879
157-177
127
Flax and other fibre productions, statistics of
N. J
1882
175-209 131,132
Flax culture, considoration of……….
Pa..
1874-75
521-523
190
Flax fiber production. bounties paid for
Flax industry, consideration of…….
N.J
1883
319, 320
134
N. J
1878
241-245
126
Flour and wheat, exports of, from the United States, 1861-'90..
Flour, oatmeal, etc., mills, capital invested, and value of prod-
ucts in.
Pa...
1890
57a
211
Ohio..
1890
58
181
Flouring and grist mills, proportion of grain imported from
other states ground in.
Flouring and grist mills, proportion of grain imported from
other states ground in.
Flouring and grist mills, statistics of..
Flouring and grist mills, statistics of.
Flouring and grist mills, value of raw material, and wages of
employés in.
Pa.
Ind...
Pa.... 1882-83
Pa... 1884
Pa.... 1882-83
1884
1883
61-63
204
136-140
205
61-63
204
"
136-140
205
170, 171
36, 37
Flouring mills, history of..
Pa...
1882-83
53-60
204
Flouring mills, returns of employés in
Ohio.
1882
237-243
173
Flouring mills, statistics of
Kans
1885
195-203
49
Flouring mills, statistics of.
Kans
1886
374-387
51
Flouring mills, statistics of.
Kans
1887
192-209
52
Flouring mills, statistics of.
Kans
1888
71-9553, 54
Flouring mills, statistics of.
Kans
1889
68-88
54, 55
Fodder, green [ensilage], and silos, consideration of..
N. J..
1880
179-194
128
1 ood, adulteration of
Mass
1874
35
71
Food, adulteration of, law prohibiting.
Conn
1887
111-115
18
Food and coal, prices of various kinds of.
Colo.
1887-88
271-287
16
Food and rent, cost of (Dundee, Scotland)..
Me..
1889
94
61
Food, average prices of, compared, 1881, 1882
Ohio.
1882
350-352
174
Food, chemistry and economy of.
N. J
1880
317-336
129
Food, chemistry and economy of…….
Food, chemistry and economy of, address of Prof. W.0. At-
water upon.
N. J
1885
184-213
136
Kans
1885
44-53
48
Food, consumption and cost of……
Food, chemistry and economy of, address of Prof. W.O.At-
water upon.
Ohio..
1885
328-355
177
Mass
1875
412-428
73
Food, consumption of, statistics of
U.S..
1890
622-664
233
Food, consumption, quantity, cost, and nutriments of food
materials.
Mass
1886
237-326
87
Food, cost of, for convicts in state prisons
Me...
1887
97,98
58
Food, etc., adulterated or unwholesome, laws relating to.
Food, etc., prices of, 1860 and 1887
Kans
1886
463
51
Conn
1888
94.95
20
Food, etc., prices of, in each county, by items.
Iowa
1886-87
9-116
44
-
Food, export prices of, 1855-'85 ..
U.S
1885
74,75
219
Food for family, cost of, compared 1877, 1882, and 1887.
Me
1887
89-93
·
58
Food, fuel, and rent, prices of, where granite quarries are
located.
Me.
1889
39-41
60
Food of the poor in Boston..
Mass
1886
320-322
88
Food, prices of...
Mich
1886
167-172
99
Food, prices of and wages in the state and Australia, com-
Ohio..
1885
136
176
pared.
Appendix.
292
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
!
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Food, prices of and wages in United States and foreign coun-
tries.
Cal ...
188J-84
252-276
8
Food, prices of, at cash and credit stores
Conn
1886
66, 67
18
Food, prices of, at company and cash stores, compared.
Food, prices of, at company and cash stores, compared
Food, prices of, by items and counties.
Food, prices of, by items and counties.
Ohio..
Ohio.. 1883
1882
96, 98
173
-
191
175
Iowa 1884-85
287-289
44
Iowa 1886-87
9-116
44
Food, prices of, in foreign countries, United States consular
reports on.
Food, prices of, in Massachusetts, Maryland, Illinois, and
England and Germany compared.
Ohio.. 1878
316-321
166
Md... 1884-85
199-201
63
Food, prices of, in the state and England, compared
Pa...
1884
42,43
205
Food, prices of, in various cities and towns of United States
and Canada.
N. J.
1882
74, 75
131
F
Food, prices of, in United States and in Europe
Food, prices of, in United States and in Europe.
Food, prices of, in United States and in Europe, compared.
Food, prices of, paid by miners in certain localities.
Food, prices of various kinds of
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of..
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
Food, prices of various kinds of.
-
•
-
Ind.
1881
137
34
Iowa
1884–85
290
44
Wis
1883-84
238
236
Ohio.. 1877
145-148
163
Cal. 1885-86
145-152
9
Ill..
1883-84
338-359
27
Kans.
1885
231, 232
49
Me... 1887
95, 96
58
Me
1888
161
60
Md.. 1884-85
187-201
63

Md. 1890-91
229
66
Mass
1871
424-431
68
Minn. 1889-90
337-341
108
Mo.
1884
70-89
112
N.J..
1878
119-278
126
N.J.
1882
74.75
131
N. J
1886.
17-20, 76-79
138
Ohio..
1887
145-161
179
Pa………. 1881
172, 173
201
Pa....
1890
44a-47a
211
Wis.. 1883-84
227-233
236
Food, prices of various kinds of, 1860-'87. .
Food, prices of various kinds of, 1780-1864
Food, prices of various kinds of, 1861-'73
Conn.
1888
94, 95
20
Mass
1872
509-513
69
Mass
1874
258,259
72
Food, prices of various kinds of, 1860, 1872, 1878
Food, prices of various kinds of, 1878–81.
Food, prices of various kinds of, 1752-1860
Food, prices of various kinds of, at certain dates.
Food, prices of various kinds of, at company stores.
Food, prices of various kinds of, by counties..
Food, prices of various kinds of, by counties..
Food, prices of various kinds of, by counties.
Food, prices of various kinds of, compared..
Mass
1879
81
77
Mass
1882
431, 432
82
Mass
1885
201-418
86
Me
1887
93,94
58
Ohio.. 1880
1248, 1249
170
Mo... 1889
288-297
118
Pa.
1879-80
252-255
200
Pa
1881-82
82,83
202
Cal
1883-84
135
7
Food, prices of various kinds of (employés' returns)
Food, prices of various kinds of (employés' returns).
Pa.
1884
46-52
205
Food, prices of various kinds of, in the state and Great Britain,
in certain years.
Pa....
1885
122-186
207
Mass
1884
|440–444, 452-458
85
Food, prices of various kinds of, in the state, New Jersey, and
New York, compared, 1867-'75.
Pa..
Pa.... 1874-75
524, 525
190
Food, prices of various kinds of, in Topeka and Kansas City,
Kans., 1885-'90.
Kans. 1891
134
57
Food, prices of various kinds of, in United States and Europe Ohio..
compared.
1879
302
169
Food, prices of various kinds of, in United States and foreign
countries.
Mo
1880
56, 57
109
Force and intimidation. (See Intimidation and force.)
Foreclosure and redemption of mortgages..
Foreclosure executions and real estate mortgage indebted.
ness, statistics of.
Mich
N.J..
1888
1889
84, 85
101
305-390 144,145
Foreclosure of mortgages, statistics, by counties.
Ill
Foreign and domestic exports, statistics of
Pa...
·
Foreign cheap labor, consideration of.
Conn
1889-90
1891
1885
205-240
112C-149C
31
213
59-63
17
Foreign comerce, statistics of.
Ind... 1885-86
425-427
40
Foreign contract labor, consideration of
Pa..
1884
63-71
205
Foreign contract labor, importation of.
N.J ..
1884
274-281
135
Foreign contract labor, United States law relating to
Md..
1881-85
237-240
64
Foreign immigration, consideration and statistics of.
Wis
1885-86
416-430
238
Foreign immigration under contract, national law prohibiting
Foreign labor, consideration of………
Mich
1892
430
106
N. Y..
1885
477-512
150
Foreign labor reports, statistical abstract of.
N. J
1880
241-316
129
-
Foreign population, consideration of
Foreign mechanics, supply of, consideration of
Cal
1887-88
204, 205
12
Md
1886-87
14-20
64
Foreign trade, statistics of ………
Pa
1874-75
495-519
190
·
-
Forestry, consideration of.
N. J
1878
123-139
126
Forests, destruction of, consideration of
Pa...
1872-73
29-31
182
Forfeitures, payment of, to employés discharged without no- R. I..
tice, law requiring.
1887
96
215
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS
293
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Forfeitures, payment of, to employés discharged without no-
tice, law requiring.
R. I...
1888
206
• 216
Founderies and machine shops, statistics and returns relat-
ing to.
Forfeitures, payment of, to employés discharged without no-
tice, law requiring.
Forfeitures, payment of, to employés discharged without no-
tice, law requiring, (Massachusetts).
Forfeitures. payment of, to employés, discharged without no-
tice, law requiring, (Massachusetts).
Forges and bloomaries, statistics of..
Forges, average wages of employés in
Forges, products of, amount and value of
Fort Scott, Kans., statistics of industries in
Founderies and machine shops, amount and value of products
of.
Founderies and machine shops, products of, value of....
Founderies and machine shops, statistics and returns relat-
ing to.
Pa.
Kans.
Pa.... 1878-79
R. I...
1889
213
217
N. Y..
1881
423
149
R. I...
1888
174
216
Pa..
1885
64
206
Pa... 1875-76
693-698
192
1875-76
693-699
192
1887
325, 326
53
170-173
197
Pa... 1875-70
Ohio..
Obio.. 1880
506-571
192
1877
91-116
162
1128-1137
169
Founderies and machine shops, statistics of..
Founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Pa... 1875-76
506-571
192
·
Pa... 1876-77
518-535
195
Pa.... 1877-78
559-594
197
Pa..
1878-79
170-182
197
Pa.
1879-80
70-75
199
Pa..
1880-81
47-35
201
Founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Pa..
1885
65.66
206
R. I.
1887
34,35
214
Founderies and machine shops, wages and annual earnings
R. I.
1887
35
214
of employés in.
Founderies and machine shops, wages of employés in.
Founderies and machine shops. wages of employés in.
Pa...
1875-76
506-567
12
Pa..
1878-79
174-182
197
Founderies, wages of employés in, 1875-'81..
Founderies, wages of employés in, 1875-'82.
Founderies and machine shops, wages of employés in.
Founderies, machine shops, etc., returns from
Founderies, machine shops, etc., statistics of..
Founderies, rolling mills, and machine shops, statistics of
Founderies, statistics of
Founderies, statistics of
Founderies, statistics of, by counties
Founderies, type, wages and hours of labor of employés in.
France, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of …….
Fraternal mutual benefit societies, history and statistics of
Fraternal societies, consideration and statistics of...
Fraudulent telegraph schools, investigation of.
Free text-books and school supplies, law providing for
Free text-books for schools, consideration of
Free turn" system, miners' returns on
Freight and passenger rates charged by railroads
Freight and passenger rates charged by railroads.
Pa.
1888
53C-59C
209
Ohio..
1879
45-59
166
N.J..
1884
34-37, 118-141
134
N. J
1885
8-16, 60-73
135
Pa.
1882-83
19
203
-
Pa.
Pa..
1884
1881-82
98
205
44
202
N. Y..
1890
245-248
155
Pa.
1880-81
163
201
Pa.
U.S..
1881-82
1889
73
202
1004-1012
227
Conn 1891
61-1499
22
Cal
1889-90
107-146
14
Mo.
1890
29-35
119
Conn.
1887
277
19
R. I
1887
72-88
214
Ohio.. 1883
196-208
175
Freight facilities, uniforia, law providing for
Freight rates charged by railroads.
Ind..
Ind... 1882
Ohio.. 1890
Ind.. 1881
1881
358, 359
35
170
36
51
181
488-493
39
Freight rates charged by railroads.
Ind..
1835-86
430-434
39
Freight rates per ton on cotton and wool..
Mass
1881
343-357
SO
Freight rates per ton on manufactured products
Mass
1889
122–174 90.91
Freight rates, statistics of.
U.S.. 1890
269-282
232
French Canadians in New England
Mass
1882
1-92
$1
Fruit [apples and peaches], quantity and value of, by counties.
Ind..
1880
147, 148
34
Fruit canneries, statistics of.
Cal..
1889-90
89-101
13
Fruits and fruit trees, statistics of.
Ind.
1880
147-151
34
Fruits and fruit trees, statistics of.
Ind
1882
72-113
35
Fruits and fruit trees, statistics of.
Fruits and fruit trees, statistics of.
Fruits and fruit trees, statistics of..
Ind.
1883
43-45,67-77
36
Ind.
1884
125-135, 486, 487
38,39
Ind.
1887-88
LXXIV-LXXXI,
40
237-247, 353-361
Fruits and vegetables, shipment of
Fuel and rent, cost of.
Cal
1885-86
34.35
9
Ill..
1883-84
308, 310
27
Fuel, cost of
Fuel, cost of
-
Mass - 1875
410-412
73
Mass
1884
440-444
85
Fuel, prices of
Minn. 1889-90
344, 345
103
Fuel, prices of, Milwaukee, 1880-'84
-
Wis 1883-84
242-244
236
Furuaces, blast. (See Blast furnaces.)
Furniture industry. capital invested, value of products, etc., in Ohio
Furniture industry, statistics of...
1890
54
181
Mich
1890
1-305
102
G.
Gain-sharing at Stamford, plan of.
Coun
1890
223, 241
21
Gains in wages, average daily, per employé, resulting from
strikes.
U.S.
1887
19, 25
223
* Part III.
294
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
"
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Gains in wages resulting from strikes, etc
N. Y..
1886
418, 458, 459,
151
673-690.
Gains in wages resulting from strikes, etc
Gains in wages resulting from strikes, etc
Gains in wages resulting from strikes, etc
...
N. Y..
1887
123-125
152
N. Y..
1888
*70
153
N. Y..
1889
476-488, 577,
154
601-603
Gasworks, number and wages of employés in
Geological report
-
}
of.
Garden crops, value of
Garnisheeing [factorizing], employers' opinions on
Garnisheeing (trustee process], and assignments, considera- Mass.
tion of.
Garnisheeing [trustee process], law relating to
Garnishees, law relating to ..
Garnishment, exemption of earnings from, law relating to
(amended).
Garnishment, exemption of wages from, law relating to.
Gas belt, statistics relating to .
Gas-light corporations, liability of stockholders in, for wages
of employés, law relating to.
Gas, natural, history of the discovery and use of
Gas, natural, results of the discovery of....
Gas, natural, statistics of....
German Empire, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics.
German Society of Maryland, work of
Girls, technical education for
Glassblowers' trade, apprenticeship in, consideration of.
Glass bottles, cost of production of
Mass
Mass
1876
42-258
73
Conu
1886
56-60
18
·
1882
209-214
81
1890
12. 13
94
Mich.
1892
436, 437
106
Wis 1885-86
14
237
Minn
1889-90
359
108
Ind.
1889-90
5-7
41
N. J
1891
70, 71
146
·
Ind... 1885-86
VIII-XXI
39
Ind.
1889-90
5-7
41
Ind..
1887-88
VI-VIII
40
Ohio.
1879
167, 168
168
Ind..
1880
369-450
34
U.S.. 1889
1018-1043
228
Md..
1886-87
16, 17
64
Cal
1887-88
256,257
12
N. J...
1890
415-436
146
U. S
1891
271-3.39
234
Glass, brick, and clay industries, statistics of
N. J
1881
165-169
130
Glass, cost of production of various kinds of
Pa..
1885
48-55
206
·
Glass, cotton, woollen, etc., industries, actual and theoretical
earnings and working time of employés in.
U.S.
1891
365-784
234
Glass factories, sanitary condition of...
N. J
1889
30-33
144
Glass, imported, statistics of
Glass industry. average wages and working time of em-
ployés in.
Cal
N.J..
1889-90
1878
73
13
116-119
126
Glass industry, average wages of employés in
Glass industry, average wages of employés in
Pa...
1874-75
531
190
•
Pa..
1875-76
706-714
192
Glass industry, capital invested, and value of products in
(United States Census, 1870).
Ohio..
1877
208
163
20
Glass industry, capital invested, value of product, wages
paid, etc., in.
Pa....
1877
536-539
195
Glass industry, consideration and statistics of ...
Glass industry, description and statistics of..
Glass industry, effects of occupations in, on health and trade
life.
N. J...
1883
281-315 133,134.
Pa
1885
44-58
206
·
N. J.
1889
27-210
144
Glass industry, statistics of.
Glass industry, statistics of.
Glass industry, statistics of.
Glass industry, statistics of.
Glass industry, statistics of
Glass industry, statistics of
·
Glass industry, products of, value of.
Grass industry, products of, value of..
Glass industry, returns of manufactures in.
Glass industry, returns of manufactures in.
Glass industry, returns of manufactures in.
Glass industry, returns of manufactures in.
Glass industry, statistics of ..
Glass industry, statisties of.
-
.
Glass industry, statistics of
Glass industry, statistics of.
Glass industry, statistics of .
Glass industry, value of products of.
Ohio.. 1878
Pa... 1875-76
Pa... 1878-79
706-714
192
185
198
156-159
165
Ohio..
1879
162, 163
168
Ohio..
1880
1201-1269
170
Ohio
1882
45-49
173
--
N. J.
1884
4-15, 66-91
134
204-209.
N. J
1885
4-9, 34-49,
135
112-129.
N. J..
1886
40-105
138
N. J...
1888
248-395
143
Pa..
1876 77
536-539
195
-
Pa
Pa..
Pa.
1876-79
183-189
198
1879-80
76, 77
199
1880-81
56-60
201
Pa
1881-82
45
202
-
·
Pa.
1882-83
20
203
Pa.
1884
128
205
Pa.
1882
45
202
Glass industry, value of products, wages paid, etc., in
Glass industry, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Glass industry, wages and hours of labor of employés in
(Europe).
Glass industry, wages of employés in
►
•
•
Glass industry, wages of employés in.
Glass industry, wages of employés in
Glass industry, wages of employés in
Glass industry, wages of employés in
Glass industry, wages of employés in, 1875-'81
Glass industry, wages of employés in, 1875-'82.
Glass industry, wages of employés in, 1875-'83.
* Part III.
Pa
1885
57, 58
206
•
N. Y
1890
335-339
155
Pa...
1884
34-38
205
N.J...
1883
XXVIII, 4-11, 133,134
30-36, 310.
Pa.
1878-79
186-189
198
Pa
1879-80
214-216
200
-
Pa..
1885
47-58
206
Pa..
1888
94C-102C
209
Pa.
1880-81
163, 164
201
Pa
1881-82
Pa... 1882-83
73, 74
202
102, 103
204
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
295

..
Bureau report.
言葉
​Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Glass industry, wages of employés in, 1879-'84
Glass, pottery, and stone industry, statistics of...
Pa...
1884
36
205
Government officials, state, directory of
Government officials, state, directory of
Government officials, state, directory of
Grain, prices of, New York, 1825–80 ..
Grain, prices of, Philadelphia.
Grange stores, list of, and returns from
Grange, the, consideration of.
Glass manufacture, statistics of.
Glass sand industry of Juniata valley, history and descrip-
tion of.
Glass sand industry of Juniata valley, wages of employés in..
Glassware manufacture, capital invested, value of products,
etc., in.
Glass, window, cost of production of...
Glassworkers, organizations of, account of
Government officials, state and national, directory of
Pa.
Pa.
Ind..
Pa...
Cal ... 1889-90
65-76
13
N. J
1879
112-115
127
Pa..
1885
36-43
206
Pa...
1885
43
206
Ohio..
1890
75
181
U.S.
1891
215-269
234
Pa..
1888
1F-37F
210
•
Pa..
Pa..
1874-75
1-30
188
1875-76
3-26
190
1876-77
3-16
193
-
1877-78
3-11
196
1881
173-175
35
1875-76
895-898
193
Mo
1880
213-217
110
-
N. J
1886
333-349
139
Grauges in the state, statistics of
•
Me..
1890
92
Granfte industry, statistics of
Me
1889
7-56
Granite Mills, disaster at, investigation of...
Mass
1875
142-151
Grinding or driving, consideration of.
Mass
1882
348-354
Grindstone industry, statistics of...
Mich
1889
31-43
102
Grist and flouring mills. (See Flouring and grist mills.)
Guarantee, etc., corporations, law relating to
N. J
1889
434-437
145
Guilds, ancient history of
Ohio..
1886
132-140
178
Guilds, history of
Mass
1871
14-25
•
Gypsum industry, statistics of
-
Mich.
1889
45-61
102
5255 5222
72
82
H.
Habitual criminals, law imposing cumulative sentences upon.
Half-holiday, Saturday, consideration and statistics of..
Half-time schools, consideration of
Mich
1887
227
100
N. Y..
1890
442-487
156
Mass
1875
28-39
72
Half-time schools, consideration of ……..
Half-time schools, English explanation of
Half-time schools, the system of..
•
Minn.
1889–90
45-57
109
Mass.
1871
493–498, 622–638
68, 69
Mass .
1878
11-34
75
Hand or machine labor, daily product of, in various industries
Hardware, general, and iron industries, wages of employés in,
by occupations.
Wis
Conn
1887-88
161-164
238
1888
56-62
19
Hat industry, effects of occupations in, on health and trade
life.
N. J ..
1889
35-191
144
Hat industry, statistics of.
N. J
1879
116-119
127
Hat industry, statistics of
N.J..
Hat industry, statistics of
1881
N.J.. 1884
154-159
130
36-41, 140-145,
134
208-229.
Hat industry, statistics of...
N.J.. 1885
24-27, 88-91,
135
120, 121.
Hat industry, statistics of
Hat industry, statistics of
N. J.
1887
333-339
141
N. J
1888
253-399
143
Hat industry, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Hat-trade associations, statistics of..
N. Y.
1890
295-298
155
Conn.
1891
1387–1394
22
Hats, manufacture of, in state prisons, law prohibiting
Hawkers and peddlers. (See Peddlers and hawkers.)
Health and morals of employés, consideration of ……..
Health and safety of employés in coal mines, law providing for
Health and safety of employés in coal mines, law providing for
Health and safety of employés in coal mines, law providing for
(amended).
N. Y..
1884
386
149
Conn
1885
85-104
17
Pa.
1879-80
441-468
200
Pa..
Pa....
1880-81
1882-83
599-631
202
178a-187a
200
Health and safety of employés in factories and shops, law for
preservation of.
N.J
1885
358-360
137
Health and safety of employés in factories and shops, law for
preservation of (amended).
N.J
18$6
439, 441
140
Health and safety of miners, law relating to..
ות
1881-82
389-397
25
Health and safety of miners, law relating to
Health and trade life in certain industries, effect of occupa
tion on.
Health and trade life in certain industries, effect of occupa- | N. J ..
tion on.
Kans.
1886
478-483
51
1889
1-210
144
N.J.
1890
357-413
146
Health commission, report of, and papers relating to health..
Health, effect of occupation on, in certain industries, statis-
tics of.
Ind...
1880
319-368
34
N.J
1891
171-234
147
Health, effect of occupation on, in various industries..
Health in tenement houses, Cincinnati, health officer's re-
port on.
Wis 1887-88
189-213
238
Ohio..
1879
235-238
168
Health in various industries, effect of occupation on.
Health of children, effect of employment on
Ohio.
1886
206-219
178
Kans
1890
47-50
56
Health of employés in factories and shops, preservation of,
law providing for.
Mass
1890
57-59
94
Health of employés in factories and shops, preservation of,
law providing for.
Ohio..
1890
*24, 25
181
* Appendix.
-296
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Health of employés in various industries, decline of ..
Health of employés. laws relating to..
Health of female college graduates, statistics of
Health of female employés, preservation of, law providing for
Health of female employés, preservation of, law providing for.
Health of female employés, preservation of, law providing for.
Health of female employés, preservation of, law providing for.
Health of female employés, preservation of, law providing for.
Health of female employés, preservation of, law providing for
(Massachusetts).
Health of female employés, preservation of, law providing for
(New York).
Mo
Mo
N. J
N. Y..
Ohio..
Health of females, effects of certain forms of employment Mass
on.
Health of working women
Health of working women, condition of, by cities and indus-
tries.
Health of working women, statistics of.
Health, public, preservation of, law providing for..
Healthfulness of southern New Jersey, consideration of.
N.J.. 1883
Md... 1884-85
80-109
133
234, 235
64
Mass
1885
471-532
86
1885
-
73, 218, 219
114,115
1886
277
116
1891
28, 29
146
1884
396
149
1886
333
178
R. I..
1888
176
216
Md
1888-89
*47
66
1875
65-112
72
Cal... 1887-88
98-105
11
U. S
1888
369-392
225
Mich
1892
120-129
104
N. Y..
1887
741-750, 754-756
153
N.J
1878
211-222
120
Hemp and other fibre productions, consideration of.
Hemp and other fibre productions, consideration of.
Hemp and other fibre productions, statistics of.
Hemp industry, consideration of.
N. J
1879
157-177
127
N.J..
1880
157-176
128
N. J
1882
175-209 131,132
N. J
1878
246, 247
126
Hides and leather, exports of, statistics of, Philadelphia.
Hides, imports of, statistics of, New York..
Historical notes relating to employment of convicts in differ-
ent countries.
History and statement of the public indebtedness of the state
History and statistics relating to the United States
Pa..
1873-74
193
187
Pa..
1873-74
194
187
U.S.. 1886
397-506
223
Ind...
1883
122-148
36
Ind...
1883
393-416
38
History, natural, free instruction in, law providing for.
N. Y..
1887
724, 725
153
History of bureau of labor statistics..
Mass
1870
5-39
67
History of discovery and use of natural gas
Ind
1885-86
VIII-XXI
39
History of early settlement in the state
Pa...
1872-73
93-115
182
History of early settlement in the state
Pa..
1873-74
9-29
185
History of growth and progress of certain cities of the state.. N. J
History of the organization of labor bureaus.
1886
399-427
140
Kans
1885
13-25
48
History, products, and advantages of the state.
Ind...
1879
5-14
32
Hocking Valley region, daily product of iron furnaces in
Holidays and early closing, consideration of (United States
and Great Britain).
Holidays and half holidays, public, law relating to……..
Holidays, commercial paper maturing on. (See Commercial
paper.)
Ohio..
1877
68
162
-
N. Y.
1887
553-561
152
N. Y..
1887
756-758, 761
153
Holidays, law relating to..
Holidays, law relating to.
Holidays, law relating to..
Holidays, law relating to.
Holidays, law relating to.
Home conditions of workingmen.
Iowa
N. J
1890-91
259
48
1885
353
137
N. J
1880'
437
140
-
N. J
1890
470,471
146
N. J ..
1891
25-27
146
Me....
1888
83,84
60
Home life of working girls, Boston.
Homes, age and nativity of employés owning, statistics of.
Homes, aids for working women, etc., account of.
Homes and families of workingmen, statistics of..
Homes and personal property owned by working women, sta-
tistics of.
Homes and shops of working women, sanitary condition of,
by cities and industries.
Mass
1884
110-118
84
Wis. 1888-89
41,43
239
U.S.. 1888
29-57
225
TH.. 1885-86
244-255
29
Mich
1892
166
104
U. S..
1888
395-483
225
Homes, asylums, and schools, orphans', statistics of.
Homes, children's, law providing for.
Homes, employés owning or renting, number of.
Homes, employés owning or renting, number of.
Homes for women, consideration of.
Homes for working girls, need of, consideration of
Pa...
1872-73
166-174
183
N. J
1885
399-401
137
N. J
1879
88-92
127
N. J..
1886
7
138
Mass
1874
263-265
72
Mass
1884
130-133
84
Homes, hospitals, and orphan asylums, statistics of.
Homes [houses], persons owning, number of
Homes, number of employés owning
Homes, number of, owned by employés in various industries.
Pa... 1872-73
170-176
183
Mass -
1876
32-258
73, 74
Mich.
1884
132-142
97
Kans
1886
126, 127, 216,
50, 51
307-353
Homes, number of, owned or rented by coal miners
Homes, number owned or rented by workingmen in agri-
cultural-implement and iron-working industries.
Homes of employés, and factories, report of U. S. Senate Com-
mittee on.
Ohio..
1878
44-46
164
|
Mich
1891
3-451
104
N. Y..
1884
375-385 149
Homes of employés, and factories, sanitary condition of
Homes of miners, condition of...
Homes of miners, condition of, and prices paid for rent.
Homes of workingmen, condition of
Homes of workingmen, condition of
N. Y
Ohio.. 1878
Mo... 1889
Conn. 1885
1884
34-55
148
58, 59
164
283-287
118
91-94
17
Mo
Homes of workingmen, condition of ..
Pa..
1890
1882-83
†414-569
120
112-115
204
*Appendix.
↑ Volume L
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
297
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Homes of workingmen in United States and foreign coun-
tries, sanitary condition of.
Mass
1875
389-410
73
Homes of workingmen, sanitary condition of.
Homes of workingmen, sanitary condition of.
Homes of workingmen, sanitary condition of.
Homes of workingmen, statistics relating to..
Homes of working people, condition of
N.J
1879
88-94
127
Ohio..
1882
211-218
174
Ohio..
Iowa 1886-87
1883
137-161
174
9-139
44
Mass
1872
437-443
69
-
Homes of working people, description of, and designs for
Homes of working people of Boston, consideration of.
Homes of working people, sanitary condition of.
Homes of workingwomen, condition of
Homes of workingwomen, sanitary condition of .
Homes owned by employés, consideration of..
Homes owned by workingmen in furniture industry, number
and value of.
..
Mass
Pa.... 1886
17-37
207
1870
161-193
67
Mass.
1874
29-48
71
Cal. 1887-88
67-79
11
N. Y
1885
.71-80
150
-
Mass
1889
282-285
92
Mich
1890
3-303
103
Homes owned by workingmen in various industries.
Homes owned by workingmen, number of
Homes owned by workingmen, number of
Me
1891
11-130
62
Conn
1885
137
18
Ill...
1881-82
292-346
25
Homes owned by workingien, number of (employés, returns)
Homes owned by workingmen, value of
Wis
1885-86
442, 443
238
Mass
1872
264
69
Homes owned, number of employés in various industries re-
porting.
Wis.
1887-88
118-141
238
Homes owned or rented by employés in certain industries
Me
1889
30-38,
69-71,
60, 61
96-99.
Homes owned or rented by employés in various industries... Colo.
Homes owned or rented by employés in various industries...
Homes owned or rented by employés in various industries.
Homes owned or rented by workingmen.
1897-88
250-253
16
Kans .
Kans
1885
204-215
49
1890
81-84, 157
56
Mich
1885
119-148
98
·
Homes owned or rented, number of (employers' and employés'
returns).
N.C
1890
24, 25, 70-94,
159
-
177-214,
Homes owned or rented, number of, employés in cotton and
woollen mills reporting.
N. C
1891
162-199
160
Homes owned or rented, number of employés in various in-
dustries reporting.
Homes owned or rented, number of, employés in various in-
dustries reporting.
Pa....
1887
9H-11H
209
R. I...
1888
4-52
215
Homes owned or rented, number of, employés reporting, by
N. C..
1887
16-31
156
counties.
Homes owned or rented, number of employés reporting, by
counties.
N. C..
1888
8-51
157
Homes owned or rented, number of employés reporting, by
counties.
N. C
N.C..
1889
272-277
159
Homes owned or rented, number of female employés reporting
Homes, ownership of, desirability of, workingmen's opinions
R. I.
1889
27-137
216
Wis
1887-88
15-36
238
on.
Homes, workingmen owning, number of
Homestead exemptions, law relating to.
Iowa.- 1888-89
10-86
45
Mich
1892
434, 435
106
Hospital, state, for injured persons, law establishing.
Hospitals for the insane, statistics of.
Homestead loan and building associations, law relating to
Homestead loan and building, etc..associations, law relating to.
Homesteads, exemption of, from execution, law relating to....Conn
Homesteads exempt, law relating to...
Horseshoers', Journeymen, National Union, history and sta-
tistics of.
Hospitals, homes, and orphan asylums, statistics of……..
Hours of labor, actual and average, in various industries.
Hours of labor and annual earnings of employés in coal mines.
Hours of labor and annual earnings of einployés in various
industries.
Hours of labor and average wages of employés on street rail-
ways.
Hours of labor and average wages of railroad employés
Hours of labor and earnings. (See Earnings and hours of labor.)
Hours of labor and employment of minors in factories, law
regulating.
N. J
1887
345-347
141
N.J
1889
437, 438
145
1887
264-266
18
-
N. Y..
Conn
1884
397
144
1891
1436, 1437
22
Pa...
1880-81
·
616, 617
202
Pa....
1873-74
148, 149
186
Pa...
1872-73
170-176
183
Mass
Ohio..
1879
141-164
77
1885
201-208
177
N. J ..
1886
5-163
138
R. I...
1888
117
215
Hours of labor and employment of minors in factories, law
regulating.
Pa....
R. I... 1888
Pa.... 1879-80
1880-81
116, 117
215
427, 428
200
583-585
202
Hours of labor and employment of minors in factories, law
regulating.
Pa....
1836
38, 39
207
Hours of labor and employment of minors, law regulating..
Hours of labor and employment of women and children.
Hours of labor and employment of women and children, law
regulating.
Cal
1889-90
Me
1887
Me
1890
330
214-221
191-194.
-14
288
59
62
Hours of labor and mode of payment of farm laborers
Hours of labor and wages. (See Wages and hours of labor.)
Hours of labor at Au Sable
Mo
1880
268-271
110
Mich
1885
204
98
Hours of labor, average, of employés in various industries...
Hours of labor before and after strikes
Hours of labor before and after strikes
Mo
1880
182-185
110
N. Y..
1887
89-104
152
N. Y.
1888
*42-57
153
* Part III.
298
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
1
Bureau report.
Page

Subjects.
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Hours of labor before and after strikes
N. Y..
1889
527-561
154
Hours of labor before and after strikes and lockouts
Hours of labor, consideration of..
U.S...
1887
39-679
224
Mass..
1871
557-567
68
Hours of labor, effect of strikes on
Hours of labor, extra, consideration of
Hours of labor, consideration of
Hours of labor, consideration of
-
•
Hours of labor, consideration and statistics of.
Hours of labor, daily and on Saturday, statistics of
Hours of labor, effect of labor organizations on.
Hours of labor, effect of strikes ou
Hours of labor, general condition, and wages of employés in
coal mines.
Mo...
1880
173-191
110
Ohio
1878
259-286
166
•
N. Y..
1890
13-750 155,156
Mass
1889
·
445-517
92
N. J
1887
47-64, 170-178
140
N. Y..
1889
271-286, 522–561
154
N. Y..
1890
862-935
156
Me..
1890
172-174
62
Iowa.. 1888-89 125-169, 191–197
46
Hours of labor in certain occupations
Conn
1886
76
18
Hours of labor in Europe..
Mass
1871
508-517
68
Hours of labor in factories and shops, law regulating
Hours of labor in factories. consideration of…….
Ohio
1878
•
·
259, 322, 32:3
166
Mass..
1871
498-508
68
Hours of labor in textile industries, uniform investigation
relative to, in various states.
-
·
Hours of labor in various industries.
Hours of labor, law regulating
Hours of labor, law relating to
Hours of labor, law relating to
Hours of labor, law relating to
Hours of labor, law relating to
Hours of labor, law relating to
Hours of labor, law relating to
Hours of labor, law relating to
•
·
*
Hours of labor, laws of various states regulating
Hours of labor, legislation relating to
Hours of labor, long, consideration of
Hours of labor, long, evil effects of, on workingmen's condi-
tion.
Hours of labor of children and minors in factories, etc., laws
of various states regulating.
Hours of labor of children and minors, law relating to
Hours of labor of children and women in factories, law regu
lating.
Hours of labor of children in factories..
Hours of labor of children in factories, law regulating.
Hours of labor of children in factories, law regulating (In-
diana).
Mass.
. 1881
321-475
80
-
Mass..
1879
141-164
77
+
Minn. 1889-90
351
108
Ill
1881-82
398
25
Mo.
1881
118
112
Mo....
1885
195
115
Mo..
1886
253
116
Ohio.. 1879
312
169
Ohio..
1880
1382
172
Ohio..
1881
246
173
N. Y..
1890
743-750
156
Ill.
1885-86
473, 474
29
Conn.
1885
52-56, 66-69
17
Ohio..
1889
10-18
180
R. I...
1891
3-21
217
-
Md
N. Y..
1884-85
1889
235, 236
64
794-797, 806-812
155
N. J
1880
34-36
128
N.J..
1891
29-33-581 146, 147
N. Y..
1884
418
149
Hours of labor of children in various industries….
Hours of labor of children, law regulating
Kans
1890
38-50
56
Mass
1890
5,6
94
Hours of labor of children, law regulating
Ohio..
1890
*23, 24
181
Hours of labor of children, minors, and women, law regulating.
Hours of labor of children, minors, and women, law regulating
(New Jersey).
N. J
1883
452-457
134
..
N. Y..
1884
430-432
149
Hours of labor of children, statistics of .
Mich
1887
244-263
101
Hours of labor of clergymen
Mass
1874
26
71
Hours of labor of county employés, law regulating.
Mass. 1890
XXVIII
94
Hours of labor of employés in blast furnaces
Hours of labor of employés in coal mines…….
Hours of labor of employés, by occupations and counties.
Hours of labor of employés in cotton and woollen mills
Hours of labor of employés in each county, by occupations
Hours of labor of employés in founderies and machine shops..
Hours of labor of employés in mines, law regulating.
Hours of labor of employés in rolling mills.
Hours of labor of employés in tobacco warehouses, law regu-
lating.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries..
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries..
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries..
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries..
Hours of labor of employés in various industries..
Hours of labor of employés in various industries
Hours of labor of employés in various industries..
Hours of labor of employés in various industries..
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
* Appendix.
·
Iowa.. 1886-87
Mass
Iowa.. 1886-87
Ohio.. 1877
Md.. 1884-85
Ohio.. 1877
Md... 1884-85
Iowa.. 1888-89
10-61
45
Ohio.. 1877
51-53
162
165-187
44
1870
390, 391
68
·
9-118
111, 112
236, 237
163
84
162
236
Ind...
1881
Iowa.. 1890-91
140-161
179-201
Kans
Me
1890
1887
110-114, 151
*** 28282
44
61-75
58
Me..
1891
11-118
62
Mass. 1870
373-409
68
Mass. 1871
188-422
68
Mass
1876
18-258
73, 74
Mass.
1883
184-239
83
Mich. 1886
214-401
100
Μο
1879
57-104
109
Mo...
1890
+84-129
119
Nebr 1889-90
86, 87
123
N.J ..
1879
88-82
127
N.J..
1881
6-75
129
Ohio.
1877
111-116, 197-258
162
Ohio..
1878
139-239
165
Ohio..
1885
119-135
176
Ohio..
1890
61-196
181
† Volume I.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
299

די
-
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subject.
this
State.
Year.
Page
book.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries.
Pa.... 1877-78
559-729
197
Pa... 1879-80
242-251
200
Pa..
1880-81
166–171
201
Hours of labor of employés in various industries, compared,
1884, 1885.
Wis.. 1887-88
118-141
228
Ohio..
1885
181-186
176
Hours of labor of employés in various industries in the state
and Great Britain.
Hours of labor of employés in various industries (employés' Pa.... 1882-83
returns).
107-111
204
Mass
1884
303
81
Hours of labor of employés, law regulating.
Mich
1886
130, 131
99
Hours of labor of employés, law regulating.
Mich
1892
432
106
Hours of labor of employés on street railways.
Iowa
1886-87
228.231
11
•
Hours of labor of employés on street railways, law regulat-
N. J
1886
436, 437
140
ing.
Hours of labor of employés on street railways, law regulat-
ing.
Hours of labor of employés on street railways, law regulat- N. J ..
ing.
1891
27
146
N. Y..
1887 707, 708, 764, 765
153
Hours of labor of employés, regulation of, 1640-'41.
Conn
1887
88-91
18
Hours of labor of locomotive engineers and firemen, law reg.
ulating.
Minn
1889-90
352
108
Hours of labor of miners, law regulating.
Md
1886-87
162
65
Hours of labor of minors and women in factories, law regu-
lating (Massachusetts).
Hours of labor of minors and children, law regulating
Hours of labor of minors in factories, law regulating..
Hours of labor of minors in factories, law regulating (Massa-
chusetts).
Hours of labor of minors in mercantile establishments, law
regulating (Massachusetts).
-
Hours of labor of minors, law regulating (Maryland)
Hours of labor of railroad employés
Hours of labor of railroad employés
Hours of labor of railroad employés
Hours of labor of railroad employés
Hours of labor of railroad employés.
Hours of labor of railroad employés
Hours of labor of railroad employés.
Hours of labor of railroad employés, law regulating.
Hours of labor of street railway employés, law regulating.
Hours of labor of women and children
Ohio..
1886
333
178
N. Y..
1884
423, 424
149
Mass.
1890
92,93
94
Minn
1889-90
164, 165
107
R.I...
1888
175, 176′
216
N. Y.. 1884
419, 420
149
· ·
Ind... 1887-88
376-390
40
Ind..
1889-90 392-405, 427-440
42
-
Iowa 1886-87
220-231
44
Iowa
1888-89
206-224
46
Kans
1890
91-114
56
Pa...
1874-75
386-392
189
Pa..
1878-79
222, 223
198
Ohio..
1890
*49, 50
181
Md …….] 1886–87
159, 160
65
Mass
1889
450-483
92
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu-
lating.
Mass
1891
XXV
95
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu-
lating.
Minn
1889-90
351
108
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu
lating.
N.J...
1885
353-357-
137
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu
lating.
N.J..
1891
29-33, 584 146,147
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu-
lating.
N.Y..
1887
718-720
153
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu-
lating.
Ohio..
1879
313
169
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu-
lating.
Ohio..
1881
248
173
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu-
lating.
Pa....
1890
12-15
212
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu
lating.
R. I...
1887
93-95
215
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu
lating.
R. I...
1889
210-212
217
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu-
lating.
R. I...
1891
16
217
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu,
lating.
Wis. 1883-84
171
236
Hours of labor of women and children in factories, law regu-
lating.
Wis..
1885-86
5
237
Hours of labor of women and children in various industries
(Baltimore.)
Ма
1888-89
97-125
65
Hours of labor of women and children in various industries Md
(counties.)
1888-89
178-190
65
Hours of labor of women and children employed in farming..
Hours of labor of women and minors in factories, law regu
lating.
Mo
1880
-271-275
110
R. I...
1888
205, 206
216
Hours of labor of women and minors in factories, law regu-
lating (Massachusetts).
R. I...
1888
174, 175
216
Hours of labor of women, law regulating..
Hours of labor of women in factories, law regulating (Massa-
chusetts).
Minn. 1889-90
Mass
164, 165
107
1890
5, 92, 93
94
* Appendix.
SA
300
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
of

this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Hours of labor of workingmen employed by the state, city,
or town law regulating.
Hours of labor of workingmen belonging to labor organiza-
tions.
N.J... 1887-
47--64
140
Mass
1890
95
94
Hours of labor of workingmen employed by the state or on
public works, law regulating.
Hours of labor of workingmen employed by the state or on
public works, law regulating.
Hours of labor of working women
Hours of labor of workingwomen, by industries and cities
Hours of labor of working women in various industries
Hours of labor, opinions of manufacturers on reduction of.
Hours of labor, opinions of workingmen on
Hours of labor per week, of employés in coal mines
Hours of labor per week, of employès in various industries
Hours of labor, reduction and limitation of, consideration of..
Hours of labor, reduction of, agitation for
Hours of labor, reduction of, consideration of
Hours of labor, reduction of, consideration of
Hours of labor, reduction of, consideration and opinions on
Hours of labor, remarks on, by employés...
Hours of labor, restriction of, consideration of
Hours of labor, time lost, etc., of working girls, Boston.
Hours of labor [tours of duty] of railroad employés..
Hours of labor, wages and modes of payment, in various in-
dustries.
Hours of labor, weekly, of employés in various industries.
Hours of train service on railroads, consideration of..
Hours, short, and holidays, consideration of, United States
and Great Britain.
House of correction, Milwaukee county, history and sta-
tistics of.
House of refuge for juvenile delinquents, law relating to
House of refuge, number of boys received into, 1868-'83.
House of refuge, St. Louis, prices paid for labor in.
Kans
1891
11, 12
57
N. Y..
1884
398, 399
149
Iowa.. 1888-89
177
46
Mich
1892
103-119
104
Kaus.
1889
289-292
55
Mass
1879
147-163
77
L'a...
1889
28 E-38E
211
Iowa
1884-85
284, 285
44
Conn
1886
30-41
18
Mass
1873
467-487
70
N. Y.
1890
382-435 155,136
N. J
1886
225-244
18
N. Y..
1885
513-538
150
N. Y..
1886
654-664
151
Pa..
1882-83
116-118
2014
Me
1890
183-188
62
Mass
1884
50-57
83
U.S..
1889
163-165
230
Ill'.
1885-80
256-334
29
Ohio
1886
185.186
178
Colo
N. Y..
1889-90
1887
22-30
16
553-561
152
Wis
1833-84
76-82
236
N. Y.
1887
730. 731
153
Ind...
1883
351
37
Mo..
1880
236,237
110
House of refuge, statistics of..
Houses [homes], employés owning, number of..
Houses, number of, owned or rented by coal miners
Honses, number of persons sharing, Boston.
Pa...
1873-74
137-139
186
N. J..
1879
88-92
127
Ohio.. 1878
44-46
164
Mass.
1891
541-545
96
Houses, number of persons sharing in, in certain cities of
United States.
Mass.
1891
549-551
96
Houses occupied by workingmen, number of families sharing
Houses occupied by workingmen, number of families sharing.
Houses of correction and reformatories, convict labor in, con-
tract prices of.
N.J..
1883
80-97
133
N. J
1884
204-233
134
Mich
1887
29-38
100
Houses of correction, statistics of.
Mich
1884
17-30
96
Houses of correction, statistics of.
Mich
1887
205-208
100
Houses of workingmen, number of families sharing.
R. I...
1887
50, 53, 56
214
Houses owned by workingmen, statistics of..
Iowa 1888-89
10-86
45
Houses owned or rented, number of, Boston
Mass.
1891
528-539
96
Houses, persons owning, number of...
Mass
1876
32-258
73, 74
Houses, tenement, number of families in.
ма
Housework, objections to, by workingwomen
1884-85
61
Minn 1887-88 142, 143, 149, 154
Mich
1885
U.S... 1889
63
106
262, 203
98
990-997
228
Huddling, statistics of..
Hungary, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of……
I.
Ice, delivery of, on Sunday, law prohibiting..
Ice industry in the state, consideration and statistics of.
Idiotic, the, statistics of.
Md
1886-87
•
161, 162
65
Me..
Mass.
1891
161-184
63
1877
173-177
75
Idiotic, the, statistics of.
Idleness and working time in various industries
N. D..
1889–90
97
161
Idleness and working time in various industries, statisties of.
Ignorance among the working classes, danger from.
IПliteracy as a bar to naturalization, extent of, in the state,
Ill.
Pa...
Conn.
Mass
1883-84
1887
1885
. 1888
50-52
26
2D-23D
208
95-96
17
216
90
1885.
Illiteracy in the United States, statistics of
Ind..
1881
308, 309
34
Illiteracy of employés iu furniture industry, statistics of..
Mich.
1890
118-120, 186-
103
188, 274-376
Illiteracy of employés in various industries, statistics of
Mass
1870
373-391
68
Illiteracy of factory employés, statistics of
Mass.
1882
207, 208
81
Illiteracy of persons in various occupations
Mass
1878
159-262
76
Illiteracy, statistics of, 1850, 1860, 1870.
Pa..
1873-74
101
186
Immigrant labor, consideration of…….
Pa.
1884
63-71
205
Immigrants, number, age, and sex of
·
Mich
1884
187-189
97
Immigrants, number of, landed at New York, by nationality
Immigration and importation, effect of, on workingmen's con-
dition.
Iowa
Ohio..
1884-85
184
43
•
1887
12-14
179
Immigration and the labor problem, consideration of..
Immigration, Chinese, resolution relating to, offered at con-
vention of chiefs of labor bureaus.
N. J
1884
282-296
135
Ohio..
1886
378
178
!
!
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
301
Bureau report.
Page

of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Immigration, consideration of.
Immigration, effects of eight-hour law on.
Immigration, effects of, workingmen's opinion on
Immigration, foreign, consideration and statistics of.
Immigration, foreign, consideration and statistics of.
Immigration from Europe, statistics of
Immigration into the United States, statistics of.
Immigration into the United States, statistics of.
Immigration into the United States, statistics of
Immigration into the United States, statisties of, 1877--'86..
Immigration into the United States, statistics of, 1871-80.
Immigration, opinions of employers on.
-
Iowa
1884-85
182-186
43
N. Y.
1890
705-725
156
Wis
1887-88
1-14
238
Colo..
1889–20
43-46
-17
Wis
1885-86
416-430
238
Cal …..
1887-88
219-222
12
Ind..
1883
406
38
Ind.
1889-90
468–471
42
N. Y..
1886
62, 63
151
Ohio..
1886
35
177
Pa.
1879-80
190, 191
200
Wis
1885-86
416 421
238
Immigration, statistics of
Md..
1886-37
15-17
64
Immigration, statistics of, 1881–90.
Lowa
1890–91
209, 210
47
Immoral or dangerous employment of children. (See Children,
employment of.)
Immorality, cause of increase of..
Mass.
1874
39
71
Import duties, rates of, on various articles.
Ohio..
1886
34
177
Importation and immigration, effects of, on workingmen's
Ohio.
1887
12-14
179
condition.
Importation, effect of, on sales of cotton and woollen textiles
Importation into the United States and production of steel
rails in certain years.
Importation of glass, statistics of
Importation of laborers into the state, law relating to.
Imported carpets and carpet wool, duties on.
Imported labor, consideration of.
Imported silk, undervaluation of invoices of.
Imports, amount and value of, Philadelphia.
Imports, amount and value of, Philadelphia.
Imports, amount and value of, Philadelphia.
Imports, amount and value of, United States.
Imports and building improvements, St. Louis
Imports and exports, amount and value of, Philadelphia
Imports and exports, amount of, Erie
Imports and exports of iron and stéel, 1879–'80. .
Imports and exports of the United States, value of.
Imports and exports of the United States, value of
Imports and exports of the United States, value of
Imports and exports, value of, 1835-'85
·
Mass
1881
343-357
80
Ohio.. 1877
70-72
162 -
Cal
1889-90
73
13
Mass
1890
39
94
Pa....
1889
32D-34D
211
Mich.
1884
192, 193
97
N.J..
1883
185-192
133
-
l'a..
1873-74
334 348
187
Pa.
1874-75
495-505
190
Pa.
1875-76
869-880
192
Pa.
1879-80
181-185
200
Mo.
1884
243-249
113
Pa....
1872-73
208-277
184
-
Pa...
1872-73
292-294
184
Ohio.. 1880
Ind... 1883
Ind. 1885-86
1126. 1127
170
405-108
38
425-127 || 39, 40
Ind.
1889-90
•
474, 475
42
T.S
Imports and exports, value of, in United States, France, and
United Kingdom, 1860-'84.
U.S..
1885
1885
71, 72
219
73
219
Imports and exports, value of (United States)
Pa..
1873-74
349
187
Imports, influence of, upon sales of domestic manufactures ..
Imports of hemp and kindred fibres in United States, statis-
tics of.
Mass
1889
174-197 | 90, 91
N. J
1882
189-193
131
Imports of hides, statistics of, New York..
Pa...
Imports of iron and steel (United States), 1821–'74
Imports of iron and steel, etc.. amount of, 1855-'89
Imports of pig iron into United States, 1871-'77…….
Imports of silk into United States, statistics of
Imports of silk, statistics of
Pa.
1873-74
1874-75
194
187
328
189
U.S.. 1890
21, 22
231
Ohio..
1877
45
162
N. J
1883
193-207
133
·
N. J
1886
358-363
139
Imports of silver into India, 1874-'90.
Imports, value of, Philadelphia, 1821-'91
Imprisonment for debt, law abolishing
Imprisonment for debt, law relating to..
Fa…….
1886
61a
211
•
Pa…..
1891
26c, 27c
213
·
Me
1889
139-144
61
Conn
1887 144, 145, 270, 271
19
Imprisonment of witnesses, law relating to.
Imprisonment, voluntary applicants for
N. J
Mich
1885
Income and expenditure, relation between, according to Dr.
Engel's law.
Income and expenditure, relation between, according to Dr. Mass.
Engel's law.
1884
420
190-192
137
1875
437-450
52
97
73
Mass..
1894
465, 166
85
Income and expenditure, relation between, according to Dr.
Engel's law.
Mass.. 1885
151, 152
85
Income and expenditure, relation between, according to Dr.
Engel's law.
Ohio..
1885
139
176
Income and expenses, annual, of workingmen, by cities and
industries.
U.S..
1888
532-625
225
Income and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families (Ger- N. J ..
many).
1885
182, 183
136
Income and expenses of penal institutions, by states
U. S
1-886
216-268-
221
Income and expenses of workingmen's families
U.S
1890
665-1376
233
Income and expenses of workingmen's families
U.S
1891
945
235
Income, sources of family.
Ill.... 1883-84
268-302
26, 27
Incorporation of cities and towns, datos of.
Ind..
1879
358-366
33
Incorporation of trade and labor organizations, law authoriz
Mass
1890
75, 76
91
ing.
Incorporation of trade and labor organizations, law authoriz-
N. J..
1886
433
140
ing.
Increase of population in manufacturing centers.
Indebtedness, mortgage. (See Mortgage indebtedness.)
Indebtedness, municipal, statistics of
Mich
1881
182-184
97
N. D. 1889-90
94, 95
161
..
302
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

челове
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State. Year.
Page.
book.
Indebtedness, national, state, and county.
Iowa.. 1890-91
273, 274
48
Indebtedness of cities and towns, statistics of.
Indebtedness of cities, statistics of
Indebtedness, public. (See Debt, public.)
Indebtedness, real estate mortgage, and foreclosure execu-
tions, statistics of.
Indebtedness, receipts, expenses, and rates of taxation of
cities and towns.
Indemnity, etc., corporations, laws relating to..
Indenture of children in industrial schools of Rochester, law
relating to.
Ind... 1889-90 200-204, 231–234
Ind... 1881
41
273
35
N.J..
1889
305-390 144,145
Iowa. 1888-89
303-353
46
N.J ..
1889
434-437
145
N. Y..
1887
710, 711
153
Index to labor reports for twenty years, 1870-'89.
Mass.
1889
603-649
93
Industrial and cooperative unions, law authorizing incorpora-
tion of.
N. Y..
1884
399-403
149
Industrial and distributive corporations, United States and
Europe, consideration of.
Industrial and manual training public and normal schools, N. Y….
law relating to.
Wis
1885-86
43-237
237
1889
782, 783
155
Industrial and reform schools, consideration of..
Industrial art, school of, Philadelphia, description of, and
course of study in.
Colo.
1887-88
463-480
16
Pa....
1888
le-11e
210
Industrial depression from 1882 to 1886, consideration and
statistics of.
canse for.
Industrial comparison between the state and Massachusetts.
Industrial cooperative legislation (United States and Great
Britain).
Industrial depression from 1882 to 1886, alleged causes for
Industrial depression from 1873 to 1886, causes for, as elicited
by committees of Congress.
Industrial depression from 1882 to 1886, causes for, as gath-
ered by agents of the Bureau.
Industrial depression from 1837 to 1886, in United States and
Europe, consideration of.
Industrial depression, machinery and overproduction as a
cause for.
Industrial depression, suggested remedies for, consideration
of.
Industrial depression, tariff inequalities as a cause for.....
Industrial depression, variation in cost of production as a
Industrial depression, variation in rates of wages as a cause
for.
Ill
1883-84
123-132
25, 26
N.J..
1889
391-430
145
U.S
1885
76-253
219
U.S..
1885
61-63
219
U.S..
1885
76-78
219
U. S
1885
65-253
219
U.S..
1885
15-64
219
U.S.. 1885
80-90
219
U.S..
1885
264-289
219
U.S
U.S
1885
250-252
219
- 1885
90-141
219
U.S..
1885
141, 142
219
Industrial development, consideration of..
Cal
1883-84
16-27
7
Industrial drawing, free evening schools in, law providing N. Y..
1887
767
153
for.
Industrial education, consideration of.
Industrial education, consideration of.
Industrial education, consideration of.
Industrial education, consideration of.
Industrial education. consideration of..
Industrial education, consideration of.
Industrial education, law providing for.
Industrial education, law providing for
Industrial education, law providing for.
Industrial education, law providing for (amended).
Industrial education, law providing for (amended)
Industrial farm, Burnham, law incorporating .
-
-
-
Industrial instruction in public schools, consideration of....
Industrial legislation from colonial times to 1887
Industrial [manual and technical] training, consideration of.
Industrial school, law establishing
Industrial school of Rochester, indenture of children in, law
relating to.
Kans
1888
40-70
53
·
Md..
1888-89
19-25
65
Mich
1885
94-115
97
N. J
1884
265-273
135
Pa.
1873-74
111-123
186
Wis..
1883-84
94-108
236
N. J.
1884
271
135
N. J.
1885
390-392
137
N. J.
1886
438, 439
140
N. J...
1887
344
141
N.J...
1889
433
145
N. Y
1887
711-715
153
N. J.
1883
XXI-XXV
133
•
Conn..
Minn 1889-90
N.C..
N. Y ..
1887
25-278
18, 19
234-300
108
1888
253-256
158
1887
710, 711
153
Industrial school, state, for boys, history and statistics of…….
Industrial school, state, for girls, consideration of
Industrial school, state, law relating to
Wis.
1883-84
76-82
236
Wis..
1883-84
88-90
236
N. Y ..
1887
730-731
153
Industrial schools and the apprenticeship question, views of
James H. Smart, and T. V. Powderly, on.
Industrial schools and the apprenticeship question, views of
James H. Smart, and T. V. Powderly, on.
Mich
1889
280-297
102
Minn
1889-90
277-288
108
Industrial schools and the apprenticeship question, views of
James H. Smart, and T. V. Powderly, on.
R. I…….
1888
158-173
216
Industrial schools and the apprenticeship question, views of
T. V. Powderly on.
Ohio..
1888
269-272
180
Industrial schools, consideration of..
N. C
1888
253, 275
158
Industrial schools, law providing for.
Industrial schools, law providing for
Industrial schools, law providing for
N.J.
1885
390-392
139
-
N. J..
1886
•
438, 439
140
N.J...
1891
54-57
146
Industrial schools, law providing for (amended)
Industrial schools, statistics of
N.J...
1889
433
145
· •
Cal .. 1887-88
240
12
Industrial statistics, bureau of, law establishing.
R. I...
Industrial statistics, bureau of, law establishing
R. I..
1887
1888
100, 101
215
210, 211
216
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
303
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Industrial statistics of certain cities of the state
Industrial training, consideration of
-
N.J..
N.Y..
1886
418-427
140
1884
310-328
149
Industrial training, letter by T. V. Powderly on.
Colo.. 1887-88
25-31
15
Industries, aggregate value of, Cincinnati.
Ohio..
1878
308-314
166
Industries, aggregate value of, Cincinnati and Akron.
Industries and commerce of Erie, statistics of .
Ohio.. 1879
199-207
168
Pa.... 1875–76
910-916
193
Industries and commerce of Philadelphia, consideration and
statistics of.
Pa...
1875-76
895-909
192
Industries and commerce of Pittsburgh, consideration and
statistics of.
Pa.... 1875-76
97-181
191
Industries and wealth of the state, statistics of (United States
Census, 1880).
N.J..
1882
377-404
132
Industries, certain leading, statistics of.
Mass
1874
255
72
.
Industries employing women, investigation of.
Ohio..
1889
36-49
180
Industries, encouragement of, by the state government.
Industries in Fort Scott, statistics of
Conn
1887
46-70
18
Kans.
1887
325, 326
53
Industries in which lockouts occurred, by states, 1881-'86
Industries in which strikes occurred, by states, 1881-'86.
Industries of Allegheny valley, statistics of
Industries of Chicago, statistics of...
-
T.S..
1887
616-679
224
U.S..
1887
36-615
224
Pa.. 1875-76
181-227
191
Industries of Cincinnati, statistics of..
Industries of Philadelphia. statistics of.
Industries of Pittsburgh, statistics of.
Industries of Pittsburgh, statistics of.
Industries of the state, by counties, 1885
Industries of the state, consideration of.
Ill.... 1881-82
Ohio.. 1880
237-241
24
1372-1376
172
Pa...
1879-80
178-180
200
•
· Pa...
1872-73
279-291
184
Pa..
1873-74
303-317
187
Nebr. 1887-88
354.355
123
Md...
1884-85
27-148
63
Industries of the state, investigation as to the value of art in. Mass 1886
Industries, relative importance of
Inequality of wages, consideration of.
Wis 1888-89
329-393
88
-
162, 163
• 239
-
Injured employés, mining companies to provide conveyance
for, law requiring.
Conn 1885
Pa.... 1880-81
8-10
618, 619
17
202
Injured employés, mining companies to provide conveyance
for, law requiring (amended).
Pa.... 1882-83
176a-178a
204
Injured persons, method of treating (illustrated)
Pa.... 1882-83
155-157
204
Injuries to employés, employers' liability for. (See Liability. )
Injurious occupations of working people, consideration of.
Inn and tavern keepers, law relating to
Mass
1874
43-47
71-
N. J
1885
420, 421
137
Insane, hospitals for the, statistics of
Pa…..
1873-74
148, 149
186
Insane, statistics of..
Mass
{
1877
177-181
75
Insane, statistics of..
N.D..
1889-90
97
161
Insects injurious to crops, consideration of
Pa... 1875-76
917-928
193
Insolvency [assignments], wages in cases of, law securing
Insolvency, payment of wages in case of, law relating to
Insolvency, wages in cases of, law securing
Insolvency, wages in cases of, law securing
Insolvent debtors, law relating to ..
Obio.
1878
326
166
N. J.
1891
68, 565
146,147
Mass
1890
27,28
94
N. J
1885
364, 365
137
Conn
1887
244, 245
19
Insolvent debtors, preferred claims against, law relating to...
Insolvent debtors, preferred claims against, law relating to...
Insolvent debtors, preferred claims against, law relating to...
Inspection department of district police, appeals from orders
of, law providing for (Massachusetts).
Ohio..
1830
1382
172
Ohio..
1881
246
173
Ohio
1879
312, 313
169
Minn
1889-90
182
107
Inspection of buildings alleged to be unsafe, law requiring R. I...
(Massachusetts).
1888
193, 194
216
Inspection of buildings, law relating to (Massachusetts).
Inspection of buildings, law relating to (Massachusetts)
Me ..
1888
178–180
60
Minn. 1889–90
182-185
107
Inspection of certain buildings, law requiring.
Ohio..
1890
*28
181
Inspection of coal mines, law relating to. (See Coal mines).
Inspection of factories and accidents, consideration of..
Inspection of factories and public buildings, law providing
for.
Inspection of factories and public buildings, law providing
for (Massachusetts).
Conn
1885
87-91
17
Mass
1890
7,8
94
R. I...
1888
180
216
Inspection of factories and public buildings, law providing
for (New Jersey).
N. Y.
1884
432-435
149
Inspection of factories, etc., municipal regulations relating to,
Chicago.
Ill...
1881-82
398-400
25
Inspection of factories and shops. (See Factories and shops. )
Inspection of mines. (See Mines, inspection of.)
Inspection of steam boilers and licensing of engineers, con-
sideration of.
Colo.. 1887-88
303-308
15
Inspector, building, law providing for
Ohio.. 1890
*37-39
181
Inspector, factory. (See Factory inspector.)
Inspector, mine. (See Mine inspector.)
Inspectors, coal mine. (See Coal mine inspectors.)
Inspectors, factory. (See Factory inspectors.)
Inspectors, mine. (See Mine inspectors.)
Installments, sale of goods on, law relating to.
Institute, workingmen's, Millville, account of.
Institute, workingmen's, Millville, account of.
Instruction, free, in natural history, law providing for
* Appendix,
Ohio..
N.J
N. J
1888
261, 262
180
1882
99-104
131
1883
158-168
133
-
N. Y.
1887
724, 725
153
304
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Instruction in the use of hand tools in public schools, law re-
lating to.
Mass
1890
44
94
Instruction, technical, and trade schools, consideration and
statistics of.
Instructions to workingmen for home bookkeeping..
Insurance, accident, statistics of ..
Insurance associations, co-operative, consideration and statis-
tics of.
Insurance companies, assessment, consideration of.
Cal... 1887-88
252-257
12
·
Nebr 1889-90
N.J..
55-78
123
1888
225-230
143
Cal... 1889–90
102-217
1.4
Cal.
1889-90
146-150
14
Insurance companies, life and casualty, co-operative, law re-
lating to.
N. Y..
1887
750-754
153
Insurance companies, life, taxation of, law relating to..
N. Y..
1887
776
153
Insurance, life, of employés in agricultural implement and iron- Mich
working industries, statistics of.
1891
3-451
104
Insurance, statistics of.
Pa..
1873-74
62, 63
186
Insurance, statistics of.
A
· ·
Pa.
1874-75
152-158
188
Insurance, statistics of.
Pa...
1875-76
83-89 191
Insurance, statistics of…..
Pa..
1876-77
75-81
194
Intelligence offices and employment agencies, law relating to.
N. Y
1889
784,785
155
Intelligence offices, consideration of.
Mo.
1891
30-58
120
Intelligence offices, consideration of.
Obio..
1888
262-267
180
Intelligence oflices, consideration of.
Ohio..
1890
21-24
180
Intemperance and the remedy, consideration of
Mass
1871 -
538-557
68
Intemperance, crimes caused by, statistics of
Ind...
1881
340-343
35
·
Intemperance, crimes caused by, statistics of
Ind..
1882
208, 209
36
-
Intemperance [drunkenness] and liquor selling, statistics of,
1874, 1877.
Mass
.1879
165-180
77
Intemperance, effects of, on the working classes
Mass
1870
193-196
67
Intemperance in Fall River, Lowell, and Lawrence
Mass
1882
254-256
81
Intemperance, influence of, upon crime
Mass. 1881
477-531
80
Intemperance. influence of, upon divorce.
U.S..
1889
170-178
227
Interest, rate of, law regulating
Conn. 1887
243, 244
19
Interest, rate of, law relating to..
Kans
1886
465, 466
51
Interest, rate of, on farm mortgages
Nebr. 1887-88
380-386
123
Internal revenue, receipts by states and territories, statistics
of.
Ind... 1885-86
422, 423
39
Internal revenue, receipts by states and territories, statistics
of.
Ind... 1889-90
492
42
Internal revenue statistics
Ind..
1883
371-379
37
Internal revenue statistics
Ind...
1884
494-498
39
International Trades Unions Congress, l'aris, proceedings of. Ohio..
1886
155-180
178
Intimidation and force, law relating to
Mo
1890
196
59
Intimidation and threats, law prohibiting
Mich.
1886
132
99
Intimidation and threats, law prohibiting
R. I..
1887
94,95
215
Intimidation and threats, law prohibiting
R. I
1889
211
217
Intimidation and threats, law prohibiting
Wis.
1885-86
15
237
Intimidation by strikers, arrests and punishment for….
Intimidation of employés, law prohibiting.
Intimidation of employés, law prohibiting.
N. Y..
1886
652, 653
151
Mass
1890
5
94
R. I...
1888
204
216
Intimidation of employés, law prohibiting (Massachusetts)..
Intimidation of employés, law prohibiting (Massachusetts)
Intimidation of laborers by employers, law prohibiting.
Intimidation of voters at electors' meetings, law prohibiting.
Intimidation of workingmen in exercise of elective franchise,
law prohibiting.
N. Y..
1884
423
149
R. I...
1888
174
216
Mass
1891
XXIV
95
Conn
1887
267
19
Ohio..
1879
315, 316
169
Intimidation of workingmen in exercise of elective franchise,
law prohibiting.
Ohio..
1881
250
173
Intimidation of workingmen in exercise of elective franchise,
law prohibiting.
Ohio..
1886
332, 333
178
Intimidation of workingmen in exercise of elective franchise,
law prohibiting (amended).
N. Y..
1889
799
155
Intoxicating liquors, annual consumption of, in the United
States.
Ind... 1885-86
428, 429
40
Investigation of condition of laborers on sea wall
Investigation of labor matters in various industries.
Investigation of labor matters in various industries.
Cal ..
1885-86
Cal ... 1885-86
325-419
9
325-442
9, 10
Cal
1887-88
339-354
12
Investigation of labor matters by request of trades unions
Investigation of marriage and divorce, legislation for..
Investigations of the bureau, and their representative value.
Investment and savings associations of Milwaukee, objects
and achievements of.
Cal
1888-90
314-328
14
U.S..
1889
9-14
226
Mass
Wis.
1875
1883-84
200-218
72
135-138
236
Investment, etc., corporations, law relating to.
Iron and coal trade of Pittsburg, statistics of
Iron and copper mining, statistics of ..
Iron and iron products, cost of production of..
N.J..
·
Pa...
1889
1873-74
434 437
145
407-409
188
Mich
1885
408, 409
99
·
Iron and lead mining, historical description of, by counties...
Iron and steel, exports of, value of (United States), 1791-1874.
Iron and steel, imports and exports of, 1879-'80,
Irod and steel, imports of (United States), 1821-'74.
U.S
Mo..
Pa..
Ohio..
1890
31-147
231
1887
218-256
117
1874-75
329, 330
189
•
Iron and steel industries, average wages of employés in.
Iron and steel industries, history of
1880
Pa.... 1874-75
Pa... 1874-75
Pa.. 1851-82
1126, 1127
170
328
189-
530
190.
3-39
202
Iron and steel industries, history and statistics of.....
N.J
1881
79,80, 233-247 129,130
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
305
Bureau report.
Page

of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Iron and steel industries, history and statistics of.
Iron and steel industries, returns of...
Iron and steel industries, statistics of
Pa...
1884
Ohio.. 1882
N. J
84-104
205
1884
103-117, 142–166- 173
30-37, 118-141, 134
218-231.
Iron and steel industries, statistics of
N.J
1885
287-324 136,137
·
Iron and steel industries, statistics of
Iron and steel industries, statistics of
Iron and steel industries, statistics of
Iron and steel industries, statistics of (Germany)
Iron and steel industries, wages of employés in
Iron and steel industries, wages of employés in
Iron and steel industries, wages of employés in
Iron and steel industries, wages of employés in
Iron and steel manufacture, statistics of .
Iron and steel, prices of (France), 1874-'83
Iron and steel, production of….
Iron and steel production, 1874-85.
Iron and steel production at different periods (United States)
Iron and steel production in certain years.
Iron and steel production of the state and United States
Iron and steel production of the state and United States
Iron and steel production, statistics of (Belgium), 1840-'83
Iron and steel production (United States), 1875–'86
Iron and steel rails, consumption of, 1855-'89..
Iron and steel rails, imports of, statistics of
Pa...
1878-79
49-121
197
Pa.
1879-80
34-75
199
Pa.. 1882-83
3-19
203
Ohio..
1885
193-199
176
Pa... 1879-80
206-213
200
·
Pa....
1882-83
99-102
204
Pa....
1887
9C-51C
208
Pa.
1888
24C-60C
209
Ill
1881-82
242-245
24
•
U.S..
1885
41
218
Pa...
1886
58, 59
207
U.S
1885
67-69
219
Pa.... 1874-75
324-327
189
U.S
1890
16-20
231
Pa.. 1881-82
37
202
Pa.... 1882-83
9-18
203
U.S..
1885
48
218
Pa..
1886
60
207
-
U.S.
1890
20, 21
231
Ohio..
1879
40, 41
167
Iron and Steel Workers, Amalgamated Association of, his-
tory of.
Iron and Steel Workers, Amalgamated Association of, forma-
tion of.
Mass.
1881
13, 14
79
Pa....
1887
1G-27G
209
Iron and Steel Workers, Amalgamated Association of, scales
of wages adopted by.
Pa....
1887
15G-23G
209
Iron and steel workers and coal miners, articles of agree Mass
ments of, Pa.
1881
10-63
79
Iron and tin plate industry, statistics of .
Pa..
Iron and zinc mining, statistics of
N. J
1878-79
1885
111-113
197
Iron-clad oath required of employés of Champion Reaper Ohio..
Works.
1886
289-294 136.137
55
177
Iron, coal, and steel industries, actual and theoretical earn-
ings and working time of employés in.
U.S
1890
285-579
232
Iron, coal, and steel production (France), 1829-'83..
Iron, coal, lead, and zinc mines, amount and value of products
of.
Iron, coal, lead, and zinc mining, statistics of
-
Iron Company, Cambria, history and description of.
Iron district, new, of Ohio, reports ou, by D. W. Roy..
Iron founderies and machine shops, products of, amount and
value of.
U.S
Mo
1885
42
218
·
1889
88-109
118
Mo
1890
*5-141
120
Pa...
1887
1E-19E
208
Ohio..
1877
00-67
162
l'a.... 1878-79
170-173
197
Iron founderies and machine shops, products of, value of..
Iron founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Pa.
1875-76
506-571
192
Pa.
1875-76
506-571
192
Iron founderies and machine shops, statistics of.
Iron founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Iron founderies and machine shops, statistics of
Pa.
1878-79
170-182
197
Pa.
1879-80
70-75
199
Iron founderies and machine shops, wages of employés in.
Iron founderies and machine shops, wages of employés in.
Iron founderies and machine shops, wages of employés in.
Iron founderies, statistics of...
Pa...
Pa.. 1875-76
Pa...
Pa.
1880-81
47-55
201
506, 567
192
1878-79
174-182
197
1888
53C-59C
209
Pa..
1884
98
205
Iron founderies, statistics of, by countios
Pa
1881-82
44
202
Iron founderies, wages of employés in, 1875-'81
Iron founderies, wages of employés in, 1875-'82
Pa.... 1880–81
163
201
Pa.
1881-82
73
202
Iron furnaces in Hocking Valley region, daily products of ……. Ohio ..
Iron industry, amount and value of product.
Iron industry, consideration and statistics of…….
1877
68
162
Pa.
1878
559-569
197
Pa.
Iron industry, earnings and hours of labor of employés in.
Iron industry, capital invested, amount and value of product,
wages paid, etc., in.
R. I...
Pa...
1874-75
1887
1877-78
298-345
189
54
214
500-535
195
Iron industry, capital invested, value of product, wages paid,
etc., in.
Pa....
1878
559-569
197
Iron industry, returns of...
Ohio..
1884
9-39
174
Iron industry, scale of prices for labor, adopted in.
Ohio.
1878
89-94
164
Iron industry, statistics of.
N. J
1879
130, 131
127
Iron industry, statistics of.
N. J
1882
30-35, 353-360 131,132
Iron industry, statistics of.
N. J
1886
44-153
138
Iron industry, statistics of.
N. J
1888
256-403
143
Iron industry, statistics of.
Ohio.
1877
43-116
162
Iron industry, statistics of.
Iron industry, statistics of.
Iron industry, statistics of.
Iron industry, statistics of.
Iron industry, statistics of.
Iron industry, statistics of.
Ohio.. 1878
71-114
164
Ohio.. 1879
16-59
166
Übio.. 1880
1093-1154
169
Ohio.. 1883
27-50
174
Pa..
1872-73 223–253, 279–282 183,184
·
Pa
1873-74
245-298
187
* Vol. I.
13400-20
306
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
ΟΙ
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Iron industry, statistics of.
Iron industry, wages of employés in.
Iron industry, wages of employés in.
Iron industry, wages of employés in..
Iron industry, statistics of…….
Iron industry, statistics of.
-
Iron industry, statistics of...
Iron industry, value of product, wages paid, etc., in
Iron industry, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Iron industry, wages of employés in, in the state and Eng-
land.
Iron industries, statistics of..
Iron industries, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Iron industries, wages of employés in, by occupations.
Iron, lead, and zinc mines, historical description of...
Iron Moulders' Union of North America, history and statis-
tics of.
Iron ore, analyses of.
Pa..
1876-77
500-535
195
Pa
1880-81
27-55
201
·
Pa
Pa..
1881-82
40-44
202
•
1886
58-60
207
Pa.
1885
59-74
206
·
Pa..
1877-78
559-669
197
·
Ohio..
1878
78-114
164
Pa..
1872-73
394-396
185
Pa...
1874-75
298-323
189
Pa....
1881
7-18
205
Mo..
1879
63-68
109
.
N. Y..
1890
179-206
155
Conn
1888
56-62
19
Mo..
1888
100-113
117
Conn. 1891
1431-1434
22
Iron ore, analyses of.
Pa... 1875-76
U.S..
501-505
192
1890
43-46
231
Iron ore, analyses and production of, by counties..
Pa.. 1882-83
3.4
202
Iron ore, analyses and production of, by counties.
Pa..
1884
91-93
205
Iron ore and coal, world's production of.
U.S
1890
22
231
Iron ore, cost of production of, in United States and Europe.
U.S
1890
245-263
231
Iron ore mines, average wages of employés in.
Pa...
1875-76
495-498
192
Iron ore mines, products of, amount of..
Iron ore mines, products of, amount of.
Pa.
Pa...
1875-76
495-500
192
•
1882-83
3,4
202
Iron ore mines, products of, amount of.
Pa..
1884
91-93
205
Iron ore mines, products of, amount of.
Pa...
1888
108c
210
Iron ore mines, wages of employés in..
Pa..
1882-83
103
204
D ·
Iron ore mining and iron mine employés, consideration of... Mo..
Iron ore mining, statistics of.
Iron ore mining, statistics of.
Iron ore mining, statistics of.
Iron ore, production of
1880
126-127!
109
N.J.. 1882
Pa.
36, 37, 353-357 131,132
1875-76
495-505
192
Pa....
Pa...
1885
1888
59
206
108c
210
Iron, prices of, Philadelphia.
Pa....
1875-76
898,899
193
Iron, production of the United States
Pa.
1875-76
704,705
192
Iron, production of the United States, quantity and value of. Ind.
Iron, sales of, Pittsburg
1881
334-336
35
Pa..
1872-73
224, 225
183
Iron, steel, etc., imports of, amount of, 1855-'89
U.S..
1890
21, 22
231
Iron working and agricultural implement industries, statis-
Mich
1891
1-451 103,104
tics of.
Iron works in Pennsylvania, scales of wages agreed upon in,
1869-'80.
Mass
1881
10-18
79
Irrigation, consideration of
N.J.
1880
195-207
128
•
Italy, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of
U. S..
1889
1043-1046
228
J.
Jail statistics
Ind...
1883
343-347
37
Journeymen Butchers' Union of Hartford, history and sta-
tistics of.
Jail statistics.
Jail statistics..
Jail statistics.
Jail statistics.
Jail statistics..
Jail statistics.
·
Jail statistics, record and report of, law providing for.
Jewellery industry, statistics of
Jewellery industry, statistics of
Jewellery industry, wages and annual earnings of employés in.
Joint stock corporations, law relating to.
Ind..
1884
466-469
38
Ind
1885-86
371-379
39
Ind.. 1887-88 230, 235, 348–351
40
Ind... 1889–90
256-269
41
N. J
1882
405-431
132
N.J..
1883
329-370
134
N. J
1882
407
132
N. J
1882
28-29
131
R. I...
1887
29-33
214
R. I...
1887
32, 33
214
Conn.
1887
64-69, 245–252
18, 19
Conn
1891
1435
22
Journeymen Horseshoers' National Union, history and sta-
tistics of.
Conn
1891
1436, 1437
22
Journeymen Tailors' Union of America, history and statis-
tics of.
Conn
1891
1438-1440
22
Judgments rendered in courts of record, statistics of..
Judicial divorce, regulations of states and territories govern-
ing.
Ill.
1889-90
243-256
31
U.S..
1889
79,80
227
Judicial, executive, and legislative departments, directory of..
Jute and other fibre productions, consideration of.
Jute and other fibre productions, consideration of
Jute and other fibre productions, statistics of..
Pa..
1872-73
295-301
184
N. J
1879
157-177
127
N. J
1880
157-176
128
N. J ..
1882
175-209 131,132
K.
law authorizing.
Keystone Saw Works, history and descripton of
Keystone Saw Works, wages of employés in.
Kindergarten, the, consideration of
Knights of Labor, declaration of principles of
Pa..
1887
21E-35E
208
Pa...
1887
25E
208
•
Cal
1887-88
258-265
12
Knights of Labor building associations, incorporation of,
N. J.
1891
101-104
147
Me
1887
155-157
59
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
307
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Knights of Labor, demands of, complied with by state legis Kans
1888
36-39
53
lation.
Knights of Labor, formation of building associations by, law
authorizing.
N.J...
1888
646, 647
144
Knights of Labor organization, history of.
Pa...
1887
28G-44G
209
Knights of Labor, platform of..
Cal
1885-86
17, 18
9
·
Knights of Labor, platform of.
N. J.
1887
73-75
140
Knights of Labor, principles of ...
N. Y..
1885
551-554
150
Knights of Labor, principles and aims of.
Ohio..
1885
28, 29
176
Knights of St. Crispin, history of
Mass
1877
19-49
74
Knights of St. Crispin, strength and influence of, in the state.
Knit goods factories, wages and hours of labor of employés in.
L.
Labels and trade-marks, law relating to
Mass..
1871
32-34
68
N. Y..
1888
439-453
153
N. J
1891
100, 101, 591, 592 147.148
Labels, trade-marks, etc., use of, by trades unions, law relat-
ing to.
N. J..
1888
642
144
Labels, union, decision of courts on..
Md
1887
163-166
65
Labor agencies, etc., consideration of..
Mo
1890
35, 36
119
Labor and capital, consideration of...
Mo
1882
25-31
111
Labor and education of the young, legislation on (England Mass
and Prussia).
1875
11-28
72
Labor and education, report of U. S. Committee on
N. Y..
1884
375-385
149
Labor and education, the half-time system of, considered
Mass
1878
11-34
75
Labor and education, views on, by Prof. P. Sherman
Kans
1887
309-317
53
Labor and manufactures, comparative condition of, 1875, 1877
Mass
1878
1-9
75
Labor and school attendance, law relating to..
R. I...
1887
89-101
215
Labor and social organizations, consideration of
Labor and the laboring classes, consideration of.
N.C..
1887
217-235
157
Ohio..
1877
15-42
162
Labor and trade organizations, consideration and statistics of.
Labor and trade organizations, federated…….
Kans
1890
67-203
56
Cal... 1885-86
18-20
9
Labor and trade organizations, incorporation of, law author-
izing.
Labor and trade organizations, incorporation of, law author-
izing.
Labor and trade organizations, incorporation of, law author-
izing.
Mass
1890
75,76
94
N. J ..
1886
433
140
Ohio..
1878
328
166
Labor and trade organizations, law relating to.
Labor and trade organizations, legal status of.
Mich
1892
433,434
106
Ohio..
1880
1351-1355
171
Labor and trade organizations of Great Britain, statistics of Ill...
Labor and trade organizations, rise and development of
1885-86
150
28
•
Ill.
1885-86
143-463
28
Labor and trade organizations, statistics of..
Colo.. 1887-88
97-106
15
Labor and trade organizations, statistics of.
Labor and trade organizations, statistics of
Labor and trade organizations, statistics of
Ohio
Ohio
Ohio
1879
258-266
169
·
1880
1346, 1317
171
-
1881
98-100
172
Labor bureau. (See Bureau of labor statistics.)
Labor bureaus. (See Bureaus of labor statistics.)
Labor, child and female, considered in various industries
Labor, child, convict, foreign, etc., consideration of..
Labor, Commissioner of. (See Commissioner of Labor.)
Labor, condition of, consideration of ..
Labor, condition of (employés' returns)
Afd. 1888-89
Conn
30-86
65
1885
41-69
17
Pa.... 1886
6-16
207
Mo...
1882
111-118
111
Labor, condition of (employers and employés' returns)
Labor, condition of, in furniture industry
Labor, condition of, in various industries
Labor, condition of, in various industries
Labor, condition of, in various industries.
Labor, condition of, in various industries
Labor, convict, consideration and statistics of
Mo... 1884
143-227
113
Mich. 1890
2-305
102
-
In..
1884-85
27-148
63
Mich. 1884
179-200
97
Mich. 1889
1-227
102
Mich.
1891
1-451
103
U.S..
1886
1-604
221
Labor, convict, contract, investigation of ...
N. Y..
1883
1-125
148
Labor, convict, contract, price of, in various states
Mo
1891
714
121
Labor, convict, contract system, report of committee on
Labor, convict, statistics of
Labor cost in production of various articles in United States
and Europe.
Ohio.. 1883
Ill.... 1885-86
U.S. 1885
255-289
175
3-142
28
92-141
219
Labor cost in production of woollen textiles.
U.S..
1885
123-125
219
Labor cost per pound, in spinning cotton yarn (Europe).
Labor cost per ton, in making pig iron
U.S
1885
132-135
219
U.S
1890
75-83
231
Labor cost per ton, in production of metals and metallic
goods.
U.S
1885
129-131
219
Labor cost per yard, in production of cotton textiles
U.S..
1885
126-129
219
Labor day a legal holiday, law making
Colo.. 1887-88
499
16
Labor day a legal holiday, law making
Iowa. 1890–91
259
48
Labor day a legal holiday, law making
Mass.
1890
63
94
Labor day a legal holiday, law making.
N.J.
1886
437
-
140
Labor day a legal holiday, law making
Labor day a legal holiday, law making
N.J .. 1890
Ohio..
470, 471
146
1890
*53
181
Labor, Department of (United States). (See Department of
Labor.)
Labor disputes, arbitration of. (See Arbitration.)
* Appendix.
308
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Page.
this
book.
Labor, early factory, in New England, history of
Labor, effect of machinery on..
Mass..
1883
377-401
83
-
N. Y.. 1890
679-688
--156
Labor, effects of,
upon females
Labor, efficiency of
Mass..
-
1874
46,47
71
N. J...
1884
279-281
135
Labor, efficiency of, in coal, iron, and steel industries, statis-
tics of.
Labor, employed and idle, Topeka
1
Labor. employment of, in factories, law relating to, Massachu-
setts.
Labor, foreign, consideration of..
Labor, foreign, contract, importation of
Labor, hand or machine, daily product of, in various indus-
tries.
Labor, immigrant, consideration of
•
Labor immigration from Europe, statistics of
Labor in Austria and Hungary, consideration of
Labor in Europe, United States consular reports on.
U.S..
1890
581-601
232
Kans..
1885
258-260
49
Md....
1889
*32-34
65
N. Y..
1885
477-512
150
N. J...
1884
274-281
135
-
Wis... 1887-88
161-164
238
Pa...
1884
63-71
205
Cal.... 1887-88
219-222
12
Mass..
1872
565-568
69
Ohio..
1879
286-305
169
Labor in foreign countries, United States consular reports on
Labor in textile industries, investigation relative to uniform
hours of, in several states.
Ohio..
1878
315-321
166
Mass
1881
321-475
80
Labor in the Connellsville coke region, condition of, descrip-
tion of.
Labor, investigations, by request of trades unions.
Pa....
1887
1F-18F 208
('al..
1889-90
314-328
14
Labor laws
Cal
1887-88
357-366
12
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor lawS
Labor laws
Colo
1887-88
481-510
16
Colo.. 1889-90
60-75
17
•
Conn. 1887
254-278
18
Ill.. 1881-82
387-417
25
Labor laws
Kans
Kans. 1887
1886
457-485
51
319-325
53
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
-
+
Kaus.
1889
395-397
56
Me.
1889
139-155
61
Me.
1890
189-197
62
Md... 1884-85
221-249
64
Ma... 1886-87
155-167
65
Labor laws
Mass
1870
411-414
68
Labor laws
Mass
1890
1-112
93
Labor laws
Mass.
1891
XXI-XXVI
95
Labor laws
Mich..
1892
430-438
106
4
Labor laws
Minn
1889-90
351-367
108
Labor laws
Mo
1883
55-79
111
Labor laws
Mo..
1884
115-142
112
Labor laws
Μο
1885
193-230
115
-
Labor laws
Μο
1886
251-289
116
Labor laws
N. J
1878
268-272 126
Labor laws
N. J.
1879
287-291
128
Labor laws
N. J
1883
445-458 134
Labor laws
N.J..
1885
349-422
137
Labor laws
NJ
1886
429-441
140
•
-
Labor laws
N.J..
1887
341-360
141
Labor laws
Labor laws
N. J
1888
639-648
144
· •
-
-
N. J
1889
431-438
145
•
Labor laws
N. J ..
1890
467-474
146
146
Labor laws
N.J..
1891
23-104, 575-600
147
148
Labor laws
N. Y.
1884
386-446
149
•
Labor laws
N. Y..
1887
703-778
152
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
-
N. Y..
1889
781-812
155
Ohio..
1878
322-328
166
•
Ohio.. 1879
306-316
169
P D
Ohio.. 1880
1377-1384
172
-
Ohio.. 1881
237-250
173
-
Ohio.. 1886
Ohio.. 1890
Pa.... 1879-80
319-345
178
*1-56-
181
425-468
200
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Labor laws
Pa.
1880-81
581-635
202
Pa
1882-83
159a-187a
204
•
R. I...
1887
89-101
215
R. I..
1888
174-213
216
R. I...
1889
206-222
217
Labor laws
·
Wis 1883-84
170-176
236
Labor laws (Massachusetts).
Labor laws
Labor laws, English synopsis of
Labor laws (Massachusetts)
Labor laws, non-enforcement of…….
Labor laws, synopsis of, by states
Labor laws, various, decisions of courts on.
Labor legislation
► -
L
Wis.. 1885-86
1-42
237
N. J
1882
86-91
131
Me.
1888
171-199
60
Minn.
1889–90
164-185
107
*Appendix.
N. Y..
U.S
N. J
Mass
-
1887
34.35
152
1885
457-485
221
1891
105-150
146
1876
263-357
74
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
309-
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Labor legislation and its enforcement, consideration of.
Labor legislation, by states
Conn
1886
XVI-XXX
18
U. S
1885
457-485
221
Labor legislation, consideration of
N. J
1891
3-15
146
-
-
Labor legislation, obtained by English trades unions.
Labor legislation, recommended .
Labor market in San Francisco, condition of
Labor matters, in various industries, investigation of.
Labor movement, consideration of ..
Labor movement, consideration of
Labor movement, bistory and consideration of.
Labor of children, and education.
Labor of children, consideration of.
Labor of children, statistics of.
Labor of children, statistics of.
Labor of convicts. statistics of.
Labor organizations, account of.
4
[
•
Labor organizations, American and foreign compared
Labor organizations and strikes, Chinese, consideration of.
Labor organizations and the law, consideration of
Labor organizations and trades unions, account of...
Labor organizations and trades unions, consideration of……….
Labor organizations and trades unions, consideration and sta-
tistics of.
Labor organizations and trades unions, formation of, in cer-
tain counties. law prohibiting.
Ohio..
1886
131
178
Cal
1883-84
229-231
8
Cal... 1883-84
142, 143
7
•
Cal ..
1887-88
339-354
12
Colo..
1887-88
33-96
15
Mass .
1873
247-272
70
Mass
1870
39-198
67
Mass
1874
1-20
71
·
Mich
1887
235-270
101
Mich
1885
61-115
97
Minn
1889-90
154-233
107
Wis
1883-84
57-90
235
R. I..
1888
86-97
215
Pa.
1888
1G-26G
210
Cal
1887-88
182-185
11
Coun
Wis
·
1886
1883-84
XXI-XXV
18
119-139
236
N. J
Cal
1881
1887-88
106-124
129
109-131
11
Pa.... 1879-80
431
200
Labor organizations and trades unions, formation of, in cer-
tain counties, law prohibiting.
Pa.... 1880-81
587
202
Labor organizations and trades unions, formation of, law
authorizing.
Pa.... 1879-80
431
200
Labor organizations and trades unions, formation of, law
authorizing.
Pa.... 1880-81
587
202
Labor organizations, beneficiary features of, statistics of.
Labor organizations, benefit features and strike regulations of
Labor organizations, building associations of, incorporation
of, law authorizing.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
Labor organizations, consideration of.
-
-
Ill
1885-86
428-445
29
N. J
1887
101-151
140
N.J..
1891
101-104
147
Conn
1885
27-43
17
Conn
-
+
1887
Iowa 1884-85
347, 318, 351-379
19
47-57
42
Kans
1885
88-100
48
Me
1887
149-167
59
Mo
1880
193-207
110
Μο
1882
41-46
111
Mo..
1886
235-249
116
Nebr
1887-88
47-52
122
N. Y
1885
539-605
150
Ohio..
1889
76-84
180
Labor organizations, constitutions and by-laws of…….
Conn.
1890
265-319
21
Labor organizations, cost of boycotts, lockouts, and strikes to N. Y..
1887
47-60, 120-122,
152
161-165, 444
517.
Labor organizations, cost of boycotts, lockouts, and strikes to N. Y.
1889
476 - 188, 576,
154
601-603, 702-
765.
Labor organizations, cost of strikes to
N. I..
1886
418-459, €82–690
151
Labor organizations, cost of strikes to
N. Y..
1888
69
153
Labor organizations, effect of, on hours of labor.
N. J ..
1887
47–64, 170–178
140
Labor organizations, effect of, on wages.
N. J..
1887
47–64, 170-181
140
Labor organizations, extracts from constitutions of
Conn
1887
357-379
19
Labor organizations, history, aims, and objects of..
Labor organizations, formation of building associations by,
law authorizing.
Labor organizations in America and England, consideration
and statistics of.
N. J ..
1888
646, 647
144
Mich
1885
263-273
98
N. J ..
1887
1-206
140
Labor organizations in Belgium, investigation of.
Labor organizations in England, consideration of
Labor organizations in Great Britain, consideration and sta-
tistics of.
Pa..
1888
-
15G-26G
210
N. Y..
1885
559-576
150
Pa...
1888
5G-14G
210
Labor organizations in the state and Europe, account and sta-
tistics of.
Ohio..
1886
87-186
178
Labor organizations in United States..
Colo.. 1887-88
53-69
15
Labor organizations in United States and Great Britain, riso
and growth of.
Ohio.. 1885
19-82
176
Labor organizations in United States and Great Britain, sta-
tistics of.
Ohio.. 1885
37-82
176
Labor organizations, incorporation of, law authorizing.
Labor organizations, membership in, law relating to
N. Y
1884
401
149
N. Y..
1887
776
153
Labor organizations of the state, history of..
N. J
1887
153-206
140
Labor organizations, opinions of workingmen on.
Labor organizations, origin and principles of..
Wis.. 1887-88
Mich
36-51
238
1884
59-81
96
Labor organizations, policy and regulations of, regarding N. J
1887
188-194
..
140
apprentices.
Labor organizations, rise and development of
Ill
1885-86
143-463
28
310
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

Bureau report.
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Labor organizations, statistics of.
Labor organizations, statistics of.
Labor organizations, use of labels, etc., by, law relating to...
Labor papers, official advertising in, law requiring..
Labor problem, the, and immigration, consideration of
Labor question and public schools, views of Prof. A. John-
ston on.
Labor question, consideration of..
Labor question, the, and public schools, consideration of.
Labor question, the, consideration of.
Labor questions, opinions of workingmen on.
Labor questions, various, consideration of..
Labor, relation of trusts to .
Labor, remarks on, by workingmen
Labor, remarks on the condition of, by workingmen.
Labor reports, foreign, statistical abstract of
Labor, reports of the state, compendium of
Labor, statistics of .
Labor statistics, value and necessity of
Labor temple, Minneapolis, history of..
Labor troubles, account of.
Labor troubles, account of.
•
-
Cal...
1883-84
141
7
Kans.
1889
327-334
55
N.J 1888
642
144
N.J
N.J..
Ohio..
1891
594, 595
148
1884
282-296
135
1886
373-376
178
Ohio.. 1878
*
22-41
164
N. J
1886
245-249
138
N.J
1886
223-249
138
Pa..
1889
1E-66E
211
Wis
1885-80
V-LVI
237
Ohio..
1888
199-209
179
Pa....
1887
16H-28H
209
Conn
1888
110-119
20
•
N. J
1880
241-316
129
-
Mich
1892
405-427
105
-
Ind.:.
1881
135-161
34
Ill..
1879-80
212-214
23
•
Minn 1887-88
248-251
106
Ohio.. 1883
213-253
175
Pa..
1881-82
144-192
203
Labor troubles, account of.
Pa...
1882-83
134-154
204
Labor troubles, account of..
Pa.
1884
72-81
205
·
Labor troubles, account of, 1835-81
Pa
1880-81
262-391
201
Labor troubles in coal regions, account and consideration of.. Pa.
1872-73 325-364, 479-504
184
Labor troubles in coal regions, arbitration of...
Pa..
1872-73
355-364
184
Labor troubles in Hocking valley, arbitration of
Labor's competitors, consideration of..
Ohio.. 1885
241-252
177
Ohio..
1887
9-14
179
Labor's competitors, consideration of.
Laborer, the, and the law, consideration of
·
Obio..
1889
9-25
180
N. J
1885
257-286
136
-
• ·
Laborers' and miners' beneficial fund of Philadelphia and
Reading Coal and Iron Co.
Pa....
1890
71E, 72E
212
Laborers and their employers, legislation relating to.
Conn..
1887
116-161
18
Laborers' Building, International Protective Union of North
America, history and statistics of.
Conn..
1891
1412-1415
22
Laborers' education and welfare, consideration of…….
Laborers, farm. (See Farm laborers.)
N. J..
1878
3-31
125
Laborers on Milwaukee public works, wages of, law protect-
Laborers on Milwaukee public works, wages of, law protect | Wis... 1883–84
ing.
173, 174
236
Wis... 1885-86
12-14
237
ing.
Laborers on sea wall, condition of, investigated.
Labor-saving machinery, consideration of .
Labor-saving machinery, consideration of.
Lancaster connty, history and statistics of..
Laboring classes, discontent among, causes, extent of, and
remedies for.
Lamp chimneys, etc., cost of production of.
Lancaster county, mineral resources of.
Land [acreage), improved and unimproved, by counties.
Land and improvements, value of, by counties.
Land and its products...
Cal ..
Conn..
1885-86
1887
325-419
9
279-350
19
Cal... 1883-84
226-228
8
Conn..
1885
04-66
17
U.S...
1891
341-363
234
Pa...
1874-75
96-103
188
Pa..
1874-75
346-358
189 ·
Mo
1882
143-146
111
Ind.
1881
192-249
35
Cal
1883-84
170-184
7
་
Land, arable, idle, or unused.
Land, assessed valuation and ownership of.
Land, assessed valuation of, by counties
Land, distribution of (Europe)
Ind
1881
12, 13
34
Mich..
1885
353-404
98
Mo....
1882
139-146
111
Mich..
1892
388, 389
105
Land, improved and unimproved, acreage of, by counties.
Land, improved and unimproved, acreage of, by counties
Mich..
1888
8--83
101
Mo....
1881
*64
111
Laud, improved and unimproved, acreage of, by counties
Land owners. (See Owners of land.)
Pa...
1873-74
50, 51
185
·
Land owners, resident and non-resident, statistics of...
Land, unused, newly cleared, and timbered
Land, unused, newly cleared, and timbered..
Mich.. 1885
353-404
98
...
Ind...
1883
78, 79
36
Ind...
Land, value of, by counties..
Pa..
1884
1873-74
82-84
38
50, 51
185
Land, value of (farmers' returns).
N.C... 1889
25-141
156
Land values, city and farm, statistics of
Mich.. 1892
239-302
105
Land values in the state
111
1889-90
257-276
31
Landlords and tenants, law relating to
Kans.. 1886
466, 467
51
Landlords and tenants, law relating to (amended)
N.J...
Lands, public, in the state, statistics of ..
Lands, public, subject to entry, by counties.
Cal ...
1887
1883-84
N. D.. 1889-90
350, 351
141
170
7
218-220
162
Lands, railroad, location and prices of..
Law, coal-screen, opinions of miners on
N. D.. 1889-90
Kans.. 1888
221
162
17-22
53
Law establishing a council of arbitration and conciliation [of Colo .. 1887-88
500-510
16
Prud'hommes] at Geneva, Switzerland.
Law, factory, and workshop (England).
N. J
Law, factory, of England, 1891.
Law, factory, of England, summary of
Law, factory, of Switzerland
•
1889
N.J.. 1891
Ohio.. 1879
N.J..
1889
233-303
144
151-169 146
303-305 169
225-230 144
*Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
311

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Law providing for arbitration (England)
Law providing for arbitration (England).
Law providing for arbitration (Great Britain).
Law relating to child labor, extract from (France)
Law [statute], the, and statistics, consideration of
Law, the, and the laborer, consideration of ……….
Nebr
Ohio..
1887-88
155-157
122
·
1877
270-272
163
Ohio..
1885
230-232
177
N.J..
1889
8
144
Ind... 1889-90
16-18
41
N.J..
Laws, American and European, digest of, relative to education
and employment of children.
Laws, American and European,, relating to child labor, digest
of.
Laws and statistics of marriage and divorce in Europe..
Laws, comparison of, relating to child labor, in different states
and countries.
Laws, conspiracy, consideration of..
Laws, election, of Massachusetts, Michigan. Minnesota, Mis-
souri, Montana, New York, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Wash-
ington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, based on Australian bal-
lot system.
Mass
1885
1874
257-286
136
9-20
71
Ill.... 1879-80
193-202
23
U.S
Conn
1889
979-1067
228
1885
140, 141
18
Pa...
Nebr. 1889–90
1882-83
154a-158a
204
449-708
124
Laws, English, digest of, relative to machinery and sanitary Mass
1874
156-159
71
matters.
Laws establishing bureaus of labor statistics (Iowa and Mary-Mo
land).
1884
22-24
112
Laws, factory (England).
Laws, factory, of the state, Massachusetts, and England, sum-
mary of.
Mo..
1882
125-129
111/
Pa...
1884
21-27
205
Laws in United States and Europe relating to employers' lia-
bility for injury to employés.
Mass
1883
28-54, 159-162
82
Laws, industrial, from colonial times to 1887.
Laws, labor, non-enforcement of...
Conn
1887
25-278
18
N. Y..
1887
34.35
152
Laws (municipal regulations] relating to factories, Chicago
Laws (municipal regulations] relating to factories, Chicago
Laws of certain states and England, providing for arbitration
Laws of certain states relating to convict labor ..
Laws of different states relating to the employment of con-
victs by contract.
Ill
1879-80
233, 234
23
N. Y..
1884
416-418
149
Mo
Ill
•
1886
1885-86
13-27
115
137-142
28
Mich
1887
4-26
100
Laws of England relating to child and female labor.
Laws of Great Britain relating to co-operation..
Laws of Great Britain relating to co-operation.
N.J.
1882
87,88
131
Mass
1886
68-71
87
Wis.. 1885-86
58-61
237
Laws of New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania providing for
arbitration.
Laws of the state and Indiana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and England prohibiting payment of wages
in scrip.
Laws of the state, New Jersey, and Ohio prohibiting the pay-
ment of wages in scrip.
Laws of various states and England relating to the liability
of employers' for injuries to employés.
Laws of various states and foreign countries relating to em-
ployers' liability for injuries to employés.
N. Y..
1885
416-431
150
Mo...
1889
418-446
119
Μο
Mo...
1880
39-42
109
U. S..
1889
45-57
230
N.J..
1888
100-173
143
Laws of various states and foreign countries relating to em-
ployers' liability for injuries to employés.
Pa....
1891
125a-158a
212
Laws of various states and Great Britain relating to cooper-
ative associations.
N. J ..
1889
391-430
145
Laws of various states providing for arbitration
Laws of various states providing for arbitration
-
Laws of various states establishing bureaus of labor statistics
Laws of various states limiting ages of children and minors
employed in factories, shops, etc.
-
Laws of various states regulating hours of labor of children
and minors employed in factories, shops, etc.
Laws of various states relating to apprentices.
Laws of various states relating to attachment of wages, ex-
tracts from.
Mo...
1883
33-51
111
R. I...
1891
3-21
217
Md 1886-87
Wis.. 1885-86
86-107
61
393-399
237
R. I...
1891
3-21
217
N. C..
1888
238-251
158
Conn
1886
101-105
18
Laws of various states relating to child labor
Laws of various states relating to factories
Laws of various states relating to mining
• •
R. I...
1891
3-21
217
Cal.
1883-84
199-201
8
Mo..
1886
73-87
115
Laws of various states relating to public roads, digest of..
Laws prohibiting payment of wages in scrip (New Jersey
and Ohio).
N.C..
Pa... 1878-79
1888
353-370
158
358,359
198
Laws providing for weekly payment of wages (Connecticut,
Indiana, and Massachusetts).
1889
422-425
119
Laws, recent, relating to coal mines
Laws regulating hours of labor in various states.
Laws relating to boycotts, conspiracies, strikes, etc., by states
Laws relating to collection of statistics (Massachusetts and
New York).
Ill
N. Y..
U.S
1883-84
417-420
27
1890
743-750
156
1887
1146-1164
224
Mo …….
1886
299-304
116
Laws relating to convict labor, by states and territories
Laws relating to employer's liability to employés, decisions of Pa
U.S..
1886
507-604
223
1891
11a-122a
212
courts on.
Laws relating to liens
Wis..
1885–86
12-14, 20-39
237
Laws relating to mining (Great Britain).
Pa.
1881-82
193-231
203
Laws relating to mining, observance of, investigation of..
Μο
1889
409-412
118
312
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State. Year.
Page.
book.
Laws relating to prices and wages.
Conn
1887
71-94
18
Laws, tax, consideration of...
Pa...
1873-74
150-157
186
Lead and iron mining, historical description of, by counties
Lead and zinc industries, products of, amount and value of... Kans
Lead and zinc industries, statistics of.
Mo..
1887
218-256
117
1891
208-212
57
Kans.
1891
208-213
57
•
Lead and zinc mining, statistics of..
Kans.
1885
142
48
Lead and zinc mining, statistics of.
Kans
1886
205-218
50
Lead and zinc mining, statistics of..
Mo
1887
230, 231
117
Lead, coal, iron, and zinc mines, amount and value of prod. Mo
ucts of.
Mo...
1889
88-109
118
Lead, coal, iron, and zinc mining, statistics of .
Lead, iron, and zinc mines, historical description of
Lead mines and lead-mine employés, consideration of.
Lead mines, wages of employés in
Mo
1890
*5-141
120
Mo
1888
100-113
117
Mo..
1880
122-127
109
Mo
1879
91-94
109
operators against.
Legislation, industrial cooperative (United States and Great
Britain).
Lead mining, historical review of.
Lead mining, returns of operators in
Leather and hides, exports of, statistics of, Philadelphia.
Leather, boot, shoe, and belting industries, statistics of
Leather industries, value of products, wages paid, etc., in
Leather, manufacture of, statistics of..
Legality of trusts
·
Legislation, adverse, protest of coal operators against
Legislation, adverse, reply of coal miners to protest of coal
Legislation demanded by employés in certain industries.
Legislation, divorce, consideration of.
Legislation, factory, consideration of.
Legislation, factory, English, review of, by Carroll D. Wright.
Legislation, factory, in England, history of.
Legislation for investigation of marriage and divorce
Legislation, history of, relating to employers' liability for
personal injuries to employés.
Legislation, industrial, from colonial times to 1887
Legislation in England and Prussia, on education and labor
of the young.
Legislation, influence of, on divorce..
Legislation, labor, and its enforcement, consideration of
Minn
Ill... 1881-82
246-248
24
Mo
1885
157-160
114
•
Pa... 1873-74
193
187
N. J
1879
122, 123
127
Pa..
1885
97-100
206
-
·
Cal
1889-90
81-89
13
Ohio.. 1889
138-176
180
Ill.... 1889–90
393-409
32
Ill
1889-90
410-420
32
Ma
Mass
1886-87
24-31
64
1880
222-227
78
-
Pa...
1880-81
95-104
201
1889-90
155-163
107
Mass
1875
115-142
72
U.S..
1889
9-14
225
Mass
1883
1-178
82
N. J ..
1889
391-430
145
Conn
1887
25-278
18
Mass .
1875
11-28
72
U.S
1889
150-157
220
Coun.
1886
XVI-XXX
18
Legislation, labor, by states..
U.S..
1885
457-485
221
Legislation, labor, consideration of.
N. J
1891
3-15
146
Legislation, labor, obtained by English trade unions..
Ohio..
1886
131
178
Legislation, labor, recommended.
Cal... 1883-84
229-231
8
Legislation of states and territories relating to divorce.
U.S.. 1889
75-126
226
Legislation of states and territories relating to marriage
•
U.S..
1889
$23-73
226
Legislation of various states relating to convict labor
Legislation, proposed, on child labor
Mo..
1886
157-166
115
Mass
1875
61-63
72
Legislation recommended.
Ill.... 1879-80
236-239
23
Legislation recommended.
Mass
1871
567, 568
68
Legislation recommended.
Ohio..
1885
55, 56
176
Legislation recommended.
Ohio..
1887
6-8, 14-17
179
Legislation recommended by workingmen.
Wis..
1887-88
64-79
238
Legislation recommended, national and state, relating to con-
vict labor.
Nebr
1887-88
232-297
122
Legislation recommended on various subjects
Nebr
1889-90
927-930
125
Legislation recommended on various subjects
Ohio..
1877
13. 14
162
Legislation recommended relating to employers' liability..
Mass
1883
155-157
82
Legislation recommended relating to employment and educa
tion of children.
Mich
* 1887
269, 270
101
Legislation recommended (workingmen's returns)..
Pa..
1889
39e-49e
211
Legislation, relating to boycotts, conspiracies, strikes, etc.,
by states.
U.S.
1887
1146-1164
224
Legislative divorce, regulations of states and territories
governing.
U.S
1889
78, 79
226
Legislative, executive, and judicial departments, directory of.
Legislature, committee of, report of, on convict labor
Lehigh valley, description of
Pa..
1872-73
295-301
184
Mo
1887
138-175
116
Pa.. 1876-77
592-601
195
Letting of property, law relating to (amended)
Liability of employers for injuries to employés.
N.J
Colo.. 1887-88
1887
250
141
193-223
15
Liability of employers for injuries to employés
Colo.. 1889--90
9-18
16
•
Liability of employers for injuries to employés, law relating to.
Liability of employers for injuries to employés, law relating
to (Massachusetts).
Mass
Minn
1890
+
5, 63-65
94
1889-90
164
107
Liability of employers for injuries to employés, law relating
to (Massachusetts).
N. Y..
1884
423
149
Liability of employers for injuries to employés, law relating
to (Massachusetts).
R. I...
1888
174
216
Liability of employers for injuries to employés, laws of vari-
ous states and England relating to.
U.S..
1889
45-57
230
Liability of employers for personal injuries to employés...... Mass
1883
1-178
82
* Vol. II.
ÍNDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
313

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
Mability of employers for personal injuries to employés.
Liability of employers to employés, consideration of..
Liability of employers to employés, decisions of courts relat-
ing to.
Liability of employers to employés, decisions of courts relat-
ing to.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
N.J
1888
75-242
143
Pa...
1891
7a-124a
212
N.J..
1888
178-188
143
Pa...
1891
11a-122a
212
Liability of employers to employés, law relating to.
Liability of employers to employés, laws of various states
and foreign countries relating to.
Mass
1890
110
94
N. J
1888
100-173
143
Liability of employers to employés, laws of various states
and foreign countries relating to.
Pa....
1891
125a-158a
212
Liability of Lockport Water Supply Co. for wages, law de- N. Y..
fining.
1887
707
153
Liability of railroad employés, law relating to
Liability of railroads for causing deaths of employés, law re-
lating to.
Liability of Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, etc., Co. for
wages, law defining.
N. Y..
1887
706
153
Conn. 1887
275
19
Mass
1890
43
94
Liability of railroads for damages sustained by employés, law
relating to.
Minn. 1889–90
367
108
Liability of railroads for injuries to employés, law relating to.
Liability of railroads to contractors' employés, law relating to.
Liability of railroads to contractors' employés, law relating to.
Liability of railroads to contractors employés, law relating to.
Liability of railroads to employés, law relating to
Liability of stockholders for wages, law relating to.
Liability of stockholders in gaslight corporations for wages
of employés, law relating to.
Ohio.
N. J
Wis
Wis. 1885–86
Kans. 1886
Mass
1890
*48, 49
181
-1891
69
146
1883-84
173
236
19, 20
237
473
51
·
1890
29
94
-
N.J.. 1891
70, 71
146
Liability of stockholders of corporations for wages of em-
ployés, law relating to.
Wis
1885-86
19
237
Liability of successor railroads for wages of employés, law
relating to.
Wis
1885-86
15
237
Libraries and parks, public, law providing for
N. J
1885
402-408
137
Libraries and reading rooms, public, law providing for.
Libraries and reading rooms, public, law providing for.
Libraries for workingmen and women.
Libraries, free, law providing for
Libraries, number and size of…….
-
Conn
1887
277
19
-
N.J..
1889
434
145
Mass
1876
46-258
73
-
N. Y..
1887
758, 759
153
Pa
1872-73
180
183
Libraries, public, law providing for.
N. J ..
1886
431, 432, 438
140
Libraries, public, law providing for
N.J..
1887
351, 352
141
Libraries, public, law providing for
N. J
1888
641
144
Libraries, public, number and size of, by counties (physi- N.C..
cians' returns).
1889
246-255
158
Libraries, reading rooms, etc., statistics of
- •
Mass
1889
237-264
91
Libraries, school and city, law relating to.
-
Kans
1886
474-477
51
Libraries, statistics of
Ind...
1881
306, 307
35
Libraries, statistics of
Ind..
1882
469, 470
36
Libraries, statistics of
Ind..
1883
306, 307
37
Libraries, statistics of
! Ind
1884 364,365, 424-427
38
Libraries, statistics of
Ind.
1889-90
295, 296
41
Libraries, statistics of ……….
Pa.
1873-74
101
186
License, marriage, legislation of states and territories re-
lating to.
U.S
1889
46-50
226
Licenses, liquor, law relating to
Lien law, consideration of..
Mass
Colo
1881
250, 251
80
1897-98
309-313
15
Lien rights of female employés, law relating to.
N. Y..!
1884
397
149
-Liens, amendment to constitution relating to..
- Liens, contractors and laborers', against railroads, law relat-
ing to.
Minn 1889-90
353
108
Mo
1883
63-66
111
Liens, contractors' and laborers', against railroads, law relat-
ing to.
Mo
1884
124-128
112
Liens, contractors' and laborers', against railroads, law relat-
ing to.
Liens, contractors' and laborers', against railroads, law relat- Mo ..
ing to.
1885
200-203
115
Mo
1886
252-262
116
Liens, contractors' and laborers', law relating to
Wis.. 1883-84
171-174
236
Liens, dyers', on goods in their possession, law relating to...
Liens for board and lodging, law relating to
Liens for wages and coal-lease mortgages, law relating to
(amended).
N. J
1887
Wis 1885-86
Pa.... 1879-80
348
141
-
36, 37
237
437, 438
200
Liens, law making wages of employés
Pa.
1879-80
436, 437
200
Liens, law making wages of employés
Pa…….
1880-81
594-596
202
Liens, law making wages of employés (amended)
Pa.
1879-80
440
200
Lieas, law making wages of employés (amended)
Liens, laws relating to
Pa.
1882-83
175a, 176a
204
Minn
1889-90
353, 359–367
108
Liens, laws relating to
Liens, mechanics', law relating to..
Lieus, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
*Appendix.
Wis 1885-86
12-14, 20-39
237
Colo.. 1889-90
Conn 1887
64-75
17
152, 153, 211,
18
272-275
nl.. 1881-82
400-407
25
314
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to..
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
L'ens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics, law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to.
-
Liens, mechanics', law relating to (amended).
Liens, mechanics', law relating to (amended)
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Iowa
1890-91
260-263
48
Kans
1886
·
471, 472
51
Md.
Mich
1884-85
243-245
64
1892
436
106
·
Mo
1883
66-71
111
Mo
1884
128-133
112
·
Mo
1885
204-209
115
Mo..
1886
262-267
116
·
N.J..
1879
201
128
N.J
1885
369-373
137
N. J
1890
39-41
146
N.J..
1891
75-83, 585-590 146-148
*
N. Y..
1887
ཟ
716, 760, 761
153
Ohio..
1879
306-312
169
Obio..
1880
1377-1381
172
Ohio.. 1881
241-246
173
Ohio.. 1886
338-344
178
Ohio..
1890
*31-37
181
R. I...
1888
211-213
216
N.J.
1888
648
144
N. Y..
1889
781,782
155
Liens, mechanics', law relating to (amended).
Liens, mechanics', law relating to (amended).
R. I..
18-9
217-219
217
Wis
1885-86
20-28, 36
237
Liens on property for labor performed in mines, law relat-
ing to.
Liens, mechanics', law relating to, consideration of...
Liens, mechanics', law relating to (Kansas)
Liens, mechanics', law securing public buildings against
Liens, mechanics', on buildings and grounds, law relating to
(amended).
Liens, mechanics', on buildings and land, law relating to.
Liens, mortgages, and transfers, statistics of, by counties.
Liens, mortgages, and transfers, statistics of, by counties.
Liens, mortgages, and transfers, statistics of, by counties
Liens, mortgages, and transfers, statistics of. by counties
Liens, mortgages, and transfers, statistics of, by counties.
Liens, mortgages, and transfers, statistics of, by counties.
Liens, mortgages, and transfers, statistics of, by counties.
Liens, mortgages, and transfers, statistics of, by counties.
Liens on logs and timber, law relating to (amended)
Liens on personal property, law relating to
Liens on property for labor performed in mines
Ind... 1887-88 218-220, 334-336
1889-90 213–218, 244–249
Ind..
Ohio..
1888
258,259
180
Ohio..
1888
259,260
180
Mass
1890
26
94
N.J..
1887
347, 348
141
Mass
1890
14-22
93
Ind...
1879
303-335
33
Ind... 1880
185-227
34
Ind...
1882
Ind... 1883
Ind... 1884
Ind...
362-369
36
109-114
36
188-193
38
1885-86
355-365
39
40
41
Wis.
1885-86
28-36
237
Mass
1890
24, 25
94
Iowa 1890-91
*257
48
►
Ohio..
1890
*13, 14
181
Liens on vessels, law relating to
Conn
1887
273-275
18
Liens on vessels, law relating to
Mass
1890
22-24
94
Liens on vessels, law relating to
N. J
1891
83, 84
146
Liens on vessels, law relating to
N. Y..
1887
706, 707
152
Liens on vessels, law relating to
Wis
1885-86
37-39
237
Life and casualty insurance companies, cooperative, law re-
lating to.
N. Y..
1887
750-754
153
Life insurance companies, taxation of, law relating to
N. Y..
1887
776
153
Life insurance of employés in agricultural implement and
iron-working industries, statistics of.
Mich.
1891
3-451
104
Life insurance, statistics of.
Lime industry, statistics of.
Cal ...
Mo..
1889-90
102-217
14
1889
57-71
60
Limestone, cost of production of..
U.S..
1890
265-269
232
Limitations, law relating to
Ill.
1881-82
407,408
25
Linen textiles, cost of production of .
U. S..
1891
195-205
234
Liquor selling and drunkenness, statistics of, 1870-79
Mass.
1881
77-319
79
Liquor selling and drunkenness, statistics of, 1874-77
Mass
1879
165-180
77
•
Liquor selling to children, law prohibiting
N. J..
1885
395,396
137
Liquor selling to children, law prohibiting (amended).
Liquor selling to persons after special notice, law prohibiting.
Liquors and tobacco, statistics of
N.J..
1887
349
141
Mass
1890
·
38, 39
94
Wis
1883-84
217-222
236
Liquors and wines, annual consumption of (United States)
Liquors, annual production and consumption of (United
Ind..
1885-86
428, 429
40
N. J..
1886
380-397
139
States and England).
Liquors, malt and other, statistics of.
N. J.
1886
377-398
139
Liquors, revenue from, statistics of...
N. J..
1886
382
139
Liquors, spirituous and malt, manufacturo of, returns on.
Liquors, spirituous and malt, manufacture of, statistics of
Live stock in the United States, statistics of..
Ohio..
1882
167-178
173
Ohio..
1884
187-197
175
Me..
1889
123, 124
01
·
Live stock, statistics of..
-
Ind..
1880
157-167
34
Live stock, statistics of.
Ind..
1882
122-149
35
Live stock, statistics of.
Ind..
1883
16-66, 375
36
Live stock, statistics of.
Live stock, statistics of.
Live stock, statistics of.
Live stock, statistics of.
Live stock, statistics of.
Ind.
1884
85-108
38
Ind.
1885-86
2-249
39
Ind.. 1887-88 183–197, 297–312
40
-
Ind
Kans
1889-90
1887
150-179
41
248, 249
53
Live stock, statistics of..
Md.. 1884-85
124
63
*Appendix.
INDEX
315
OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Living, cost of. (See Cost of living.)
Living, in the state and in Switzerland, comparison of.
Living, standards of, consideration of.
Mass
1875
417, 418
73
Conn
1885
10-12
17
Loan and building associations. (See Building and loan asso-
ciations.)
Loan and building corporations, mutual, law authorizing
Loan and cooperative associations
Loan and savings associations, cooperative, law relating to.
Loan associations, collateral and workingmen's, state direc-
tors in. law relating to.
Loan associations, workingmen's, law incorporating
Loan, building, homestead, etc., corporations, law relating to.
Loan, homestead, and building associations, law relating to..
Local option and prohibitory law, vote on, 1854, 1873, compared. Pa..
Locking factory doors during working hours, law prohibiting.
Locking factory doors during working hours, law prohibiting
(Massachusetts).
Mass
Wis
1885-86
39-42
237
---
Ill.
1879-80
226, 227
23
N. Y..
1887
767-775
153
Mass
1890
92
94
Mass
1890
73,74
94
N. J..
1889
434-438
145
N. J..
Pa....
1887
345-347
141
1872-73
303, 304
184
1890
43,44
94
Minn
1889-90
169
107
Locking factory doors during working hours. law prohibiting
(Massachusetts).
R.I..
1888
180
216
Lockout of boot and shoe makers in Cincinnati, account of
Lockout of potters of East Liverpool, account of
Ohio..
1883
220-235
175
Ohio..
1882
60-65
173
Lockouts against demand for increase of wages, by industries
and states, 1881–86.
U.S..
1837
616-679
224
Lockouts and strikes. (See Strikes and lockouts.)
Lockouts, boycotts, and strikes. (See Strikes, lockouts, and
boycotts.)
Lockouts, causes and results of.
Lockouts. causes and results of. 1881 to 1886 ...
Lockouts. causes of, by industries and states, 1881-'86.
Lockouts, causes of, by years and industries..
Lockouts, consideration of...
Ohio..
1887
Conn. 1887
75,76
179
451-463
19
It.S
1887
616-679
224
Mass
1838
52-63
89
*
Conn
1887
451-453
19
Lockouts. hours of labor and wages of employés before and
after. 1881 to 1886.
Conn
1887 - 456, 457, 460, 461
19
Lockouts, losses to employers and employés resulting from
Lockouts, losses to employers and employés resulting from,
by industries, 1881 to 1886.
Ohio..
1887
75,76
179
Conn.
1887
453, 455, 459, 462
19
Lockouts, losses to employers and employés resulting from,
by industries and states.
U.S
1887
866-881
224
Lockouts, number and causes of .
Iowa
Lockouts, number of employés involved in
Ohio
Lockouts, number of employés thrown out of employment by,
1886-87
1887
U.S... 1887
401-403
45
77.78
179
866-881
224
by industries and states.
Lockouts prior to 1881, account of.
U.S..
1887
1027-110S
224
Lockouts, results of, by industries and states.
T.S...
1887
866-881
224
Lockouts, statistics of .
Ohio
1887
75-78
179
Lockport Water Supply Company's liability for wages, law
defining.
| N. Y
1887
707
153
Locomotive engineers and firemen, law regulating hours of
labor of
| Minn
1889-90
352
108
Locomotive Engineers Life Insurance Association, history
and statistics of.
Locomotive Firemen, Brotherhood of, history and statistics of.
Lodging and terement houses and board of health of New
York city, law relating to.
Lodging houses, municipal, establishment of, in New York
city, law providing for.
Conn
1891
407-414
22
Conn
1891
274-282
༡༠
N. Y..
1887
741-750, 754-756
153
N. Y..
1887
727-729
153
Log and lumber production, amount of.
Wis..
1883-84
211-217
236
Looms and spindlos in cotton and woollen mills, number of.
Looms and spindles in cotton and woollen mills, number of
Looms and spindles in cotton mills, number of.
N.C.
1890
26-63
159
N. C
1891
126-154
160
N. C
1887
144-147
157
Looms and spindles in textile industries in the state and
United States, number of.
Pa.
1879-80
103-143
199
Looms and spindles in textile industries, number of.
Looms and spindles in textile industries, uumber of.
Pa..
1881-82
48-51
202
Pa.
1882-83
46-52
204
Looms and spindles in textile industries, number of..
Looms and spindles in textile industries, number of.
Looms and spindles in woollen mills, number of.
Looms per weaver in cotton and woollen mills ..
Pa.
Pa...
1884
1885
Ohio.. 1879
117-120
205
30-33
206
164-166
168
Mass
1881
371-381
80
Looms, product of, per week, in cotton and woollen mills.
Loss and profits. (See Protits and loss.)
Mass
1881
370-380
80
Losses and profits in farming. (See Farming.)
Losses by fire in factories, statistics of, 1885-89
Wis
Losses in wagos resulting from boycotts, lockouts, and strikes
N. Y.
1838-89
1387
164-166
239
47-60, 105–117,
152
161-165, 444-
517.
Losses in wages resulting from boycotts, lockouts, and strikes
N. Y..
1889
476-488, 562-
154
575, 601-603,
702-765.
Losses in wages resulting from strikes.
Losses in wages resulting from strikes.
N. Y..
N. Y.
1888
1890
*66, 67
153
955-958
156
* Part III.
#
-316
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Losses to employers and employés resulting from lockouts...
Losses to employers and employés resulting from lockouts and
strikes.
Ohio..
1887
75, 76
179
Mass
1888
11-113
89
Losses to employers and employés resulting from lockouts, by
industries and states.
U.S..
1887
866-881
224
Losses to employers and employés resulting from strikes.
Losses to employers and employés resulting from strikes.
Losses to employers and employés resulting from strikes, R. I...
N.Y..
Ohio..
1886 418-459, 673-690
1887
151
39-56
179
1887
63
214
1881-86.
Losses to employers and employés resulting from strikes, by
industries.
Pa....
1887
22F-45F
209
Losses to employers and employés resulting from strikes, by U. S ..
industries and states.
1887
730-781
224
Losses to employers resulting from boycotts, lockouts, and
strikes.
N. Y..
1887
126-165, 444-517
152
Losses to employers resulting from boycotts, lockouts, and
strikes.
N. Y..
1889 562-603, 702–765
154
Lost time caused by strikes...
Mo..
1882
121-123
111
Lost time (derivable) of coal mines and coal-mine employés.
Lost time, hours of labor, etc., of working girls, Boston.
Lost time in various industries, statistics of .
Lost time of employés.
Pa...
1889
4B-64B
210
Mass
1884
50-57
83
Pa... :
1887
2D-23D
208
Kans.
1886
126-349
50
Lost time of employés in agricultural-implement and iron-
working industries.
Mich.
1891
2-408
104
Lost time of employés in building trades
Lost time of employés in coal mines.
Lost time of employés in coal mines.
Lost time of employés in cotton mills .
Wis 1888-89
7-56, 74, 75
239
Ohio..
1880
1220-1225
170
Ohio..
1884
272, 273
175
R. I...
1887
48
214
Lost time of employés in cotton and woollen mills.
Lost time of employés in furniture industry
Lost time of employés in iron industry.
Lost time of employés in various industries..
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employes in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries..
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries..
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries.
Lost time of employés in various industries, 1885-89
Lost time of employés in various industries, by counties.
Lost time of employés in various industries, by occupations..
Lost time of employés in varions industries (employós' returns)
Lost time of employés in woollen mills.
Mich
R. I...
Colo..
Kans
N.C..
R. I...
N.C..
1890
68
159
1890
2-268
102
+
1887
54
214
1887-88
250-253
15
Μο
1888
40-53
59
-
Me
1889
30-38, 69, 96
60
Mass
1872
126-217
69
Mich
1885
251-261
98
N. J
1879
68-82
127
N. J
1880
6-28
128
N.J..
1883
XXVII-XXXII,
133
4-47.
N.J..
1884
XXV-203
134
N. J
1885
XXXV-109
135
N. J
1886
38-163
138
N. J
1888
320-375
143
N.C
1890
176-214
159
Ohio..
1880
1320-1331
171
Ohio..
1885
119-135
176
Pa...
1882-83
107-111
204
Pa..
1884
46-49 !
205
R. I.
1888
4-52
215
Wis
1887-88
216-237
238
Kans
1891
129-134, 167-193
57
N.C.
1887
16-31
156
•
• 1885
134, 204-215
49
1889
272-276
159
1887
51
214
Lost time of female employés in various industries
Lost time of female employés in various industries
Lost time of workingwomen, by cities and industries
Lost time of workingwomen in various industries
Lumber, amount of, at different points (estimated), 1870-75
Lumber, amount of, at different points (estimated), 1870-77
Lumber, amount of, at Williamsport (estimated)
Lumber, amount of, at Williamsport (estimated)
Ohio..
1889
26-31
180
R. I...
1889
26-136
216
U.S..
1888
484-531
224
N. Y..
1885
32-59
150
Pa.... 1874-75
540-544
190
Pa..
1876-77
656-658
195
J
-
Pa..
Pa.. 1873-74
1872-73
86
186
176, 177
186
Lumber, amount of, at Williamsport (estimated)
Pa..
1875-76
812
192
Lumber, amount of, at Williamsport (estimated)
Pa..
1876-77
659
195
Lumber and planing mills, capital invested, value of prod- Ohio..
ucts, etc., iñ.
1890
51
181
Lumber industry, amount and value of product of
Pa....
1879
241-247
198
Lumber industry, products of, amount of.
Pa
1879-80
80-86
199
Lumber industry, products of, amount of.
Pa..
1880-81
61-67
201
-
Lumber industry, products of, amount and value of
Pa..
1876-77
(59-678
195
·
Lumber industry, products of, value of
Pa..
1875-76
786--813
192
-
Lumber industry, products of, value of
.
Lumber industry, statistics of
Pa..
Pa.
1878-79
237-247
198
1878-79
237-259
198
Lumber industry, statistics of
Pa... 1880-81
61-67
201
Lumber industry, statistics of
Pa.. 1881-82
46
202
Lumber industry, statistics of, by counties
Pa.... 1882-83
32-37
203
Lumber industry, statistics of, by counties
Pa..
1884
141-149
205
Lumber industry, value of product, wages paid, etc., in.
Lumber industry, wages and hours of employés in.
Pa.
1885
78-92
206
-
Pa.
1877-78
706-711
197
-
Lumber industry, wages of employés in.
Pa... 1875-76
786-813
192
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
317

Subjects.
Bureau report.
Page

of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book,
Pa...
Pa.
1878-79
1879-80
249-259
198
217
200
Pa...
Pa...
1888
1880-81
87C-90C
209
164
201
Pa.... 1881-82
74
202
Pa.... 1882–83
103
204
-
Wis 1883-84
211-217
236
Pa.
Pa...
1873-74
168-175
186
1873-74
158-180
186
Pa....
1874-75
535-550
190
Pa..
1873-74
179, 180
186
Pa.... 1876–77
656-678
195
Pa.... 1877-78
706-711
197
Lumber industry, wages of employés in.
Lumber industry, wages of employés in
Lumber industry, wages of employés in.
Lumber industry, wages of employés in, 1875-81
Lumber industry, wages of employés in, 1875-82
Lumber industry, wages of employes in, 1875-83
Lumber production, amount of….
Lumber, shipments of, from Williamsport
Lumber trade, consideration and statistics of
Lumber trade, consideration and statistics of
Lumber trade of California, statistics of
Lumber trade, statistics of.
Lumber trade, statistics of...
M.
Machine mining, labor and wages in.
•
Machine or hand labor, daily products of, in various indus-
tries.
Machine shops and founderies. (See Founderies and machine
shops.)
Machine shops, capital invested, value of products, etc., in
Machine shops, founderies, etc., returns of.
Machine shops, founderies, etc., statistics of
Machine shops, founderies, etc., statistics of
Machine shops, returns of
-
-
Machinery added and factory building improvements, sta-
tistics of.
Machinery, agricultural, cost of, and value of products, com-
pared.
Machinery and engineer's rooms, connection between, law re-
quiring (Massachusetts).
Machinery and methods of coal mining, consideration of.
Machinery and over-production as a cause for industrial de-
pressioù.
Machinery, bridges, etc.. injury to, law prohibiting..
Machinery, dangerous, cleaning of, by certain persons, law
prohibiting.
Machinery, dangerous, cleaning of, by children, law prohibit.
ing.
Machinery, dangerous, cleaning of, by children, law prohibit-
ing (Massachusetts).
Machinery, dangerous, cleaning of, by children, law prohibit-R. I...
ing (Massachussetts).
Machinery, effect of, on trade
-
Machinery, farm, effect of, on labor...
Machinery, improved, effects of, on workingmen's condition
Machinery, improved, in various industries, effect of, on labor
Machinery in mills, value of ………
Π.
--
1887-88
Wis. 1887-88
337-344
31
161-164
238
Ohio..
Obio..
1890
76, 77
181
1879
45-59
166
N. J
1884
34-37, 118–141
134
N. J ..
1885
&-16, 60-73
135
Ohio..
1882
118-141
173
Wis.. 1888-89
116a-125a
240
Ind...
1881
166, 167
35
R. I...
1888
180, 181
216
Ill
1881-82
113-124
24
U.S..
1885
80-90
219
Conn
1887
253
19
-
N. Y.. 1887
763
153
Mass.
1890
60.
94
Minn
Minn. 1889-90
165, 166
107
1888
176
216
N. Y
1890
689-704
156
Mo..
1880
259-265
110
Ohio.. 1887
9-12
179
Mo.
1880
170, 171
110
Mass
1882
230-237
81
Machinery, labor-saving, consideration of.
Cal... 1883-84
226-228
8
Machinery, labor-saving, effect of, on labor.
Conn
1885
64-66
17
Machinery, labor-saving, effect of, on labor.
N. Y.
1890
679-688
156
Machinery, manufacture of, statistics relating to
N. J ..
1879
138, 139
127
Machinery, mining, consideration of
Mo.
1888
113-121
117
Machinists, wages
of..
Pa
1887
49C, 50C
208
Male and female employés, number and percentage of, in vari-
ous industries (state census, 1885).
R. I...
1889
159-168
216
Males and females committed to penal institutions, number
and percentage of, 1879-88.
R. I...
1889
169
217
Males, unmarried, earnings and cost of living of, by occupations
Malt and other liquors, statistics of.
Conn
N.J..
1888
132-135
20
1886
377-398
139
Manors, Penn, number and size of .
Pa..
1872-73
101-103
182
Manual and industrial training in public and normal schools,
law relating to.
N. Y..
1889
782, 783
155
Manual and technical training.
Iowa
1890-91
213-217
47
Manual and technical training, consideration and statistics of..
Cal..
1887-88
227-291
12
Manual and technical training, consideration of
Minn
1889-90
234-300
108
Manual and technical training, consideration of
N.C..
1888
253-275
158
Manual of distributive cooperation, by Carroll D. Wright.
►
Cal ..
1885-86
521-587
10
Manual training and technical schools of Philadelphia, con-
Pa...
1885
1-16
206
sideration of.
Manual training, consideration of.
Mich
1885
94-115
97
Manual training, consideration of.
Nebr
1887-88
159-195
122
Manual training, consideration of.
N. J
•
1884
265-273
135
Manual training, consideration of.
Manual training, consideration of.
N. Y.. 1884
310-328
149
Manual training in public schools, consideration of
Manual training in public schools, law relating to
Manual training in public schools, law relating to
Manual training (industrial education], consideration of.
Manual training, opinions of teachers and others on.
N. Y..
1886
N.J.. 1883
223-363
151
XXL-XXV
133
Mass
1890
·
44
94
N. J ..
1887
343
141
Kans
1888
40-70
53
N. Y..
1886
290-328
151
霹
​318
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Manual training school, Washington University, course of Mo
study and daily program in.
1881
34-55
110
Manual training schools, consideration of..
-
Iowa 1884-85
67-104
42
Manual training schools, consideration of.
Md
1889
19-25
65
Manual training schools, consideration of.
Αίο
1884
229-242
113
Manual training schools, courses of study in
Iowa
1884-85
72-78
42
Manual training schools, law providing for..
Manual training schools, statistics of
N. J
1891
58
146
Cal.
1887-88
239, 240
12
Manufactories, fire escapes in, statistics of..
Manufactories, textile, sanitary condition of
Manual training, views of trades unions and labor organiza-
tions on.
Manufacture and sale of goods in the state, competition in
Manufactured goods, value of, by counties
Manufacturers and business men, opinions of, on labor question.
Manufacturers' earnings and profits
-
Manufacturers' [employers'] returns in various industries....
Manufacturers' [employers' returns in various industries...
Manufacturers employing apprentices, returns of
Manufacturers in various industries, returns of..
Manufacturers in various industries, roturns of.
Manufacturers in various industries, returns of.
Manufacturers in various industries, returns of.
Manufacturers in various industries, returns of.
Manufacturers, legal definition of...
N. Y..
1886
329-351
151
Mass
1877
229-291
75
Mass
1874
109-159
71
Mass
1889
207-225
91
-
Iowa
Ohio..
Ill..
1884-85
390, 391
44
1889
71-76
180
1883-84
53-122
25
Mo
1884
183-227
113
R. I…….
1888
105-119
215
Mo
1882
21-23
111
Ohio.. 1877
54-133
162
Ohio.. 1879
124-187
167
Ohio.. 1881
112-194
172
Ohio..
1884
17-244
175
Ohio..
1885
151-189
176
Ohio.
1890
*25
181
Manufacturers, merchants, etc., wages paid by
Mich
1884
154-156
97
Manufacturers, opinions of, on depression of business
Ohio ….
1885
191-193
176
Manufacturers, opinions of, relating to prison-made goods
Mich
1887
93-125
100
-
Manufacturers' returns in various industries.
Me...
1887
121-127
58
Manufacturers' returns in various industries.
Me
1888
149-160
60
·
Manufacturers' returns in various industries.
Mo
1889
57-75
GO
Manufacturers' returns in various industries.
N. C
1887
52-61
156
Manufacturers' returns in various industries
Manufacturers' returns in various industries.
Manufacturers' returns on condition of their establishments..
Manufacturers' returns on condition of their establishments.
Manufacturers' returns on condition of their establishments..
Manufacturers' returns on profits and earnings..
Manufacturers' returns on wages and hours of labor
Manufactures and agriculture, comparative growth of
Manufactures and agriculture, statistics of
Manufactures and agriculture, statistics of
Wis
1885-86
461-486
238
Wis 1888-89
121-163
239
Iowa. 1884-85
236-244
43
Iowa
1886-87
196-211
44
Iowa.
1888-89
187-190
46
Ohio..
1886
243-289
178
Ohio..
1878
130-213
165
Mass
1890
242-247
95
•
N.J..
1881.
141-247
130
Pa.... 1873-74
49-57
185
Manufactures and commerce of Erie, statistics of...
Pa.. 1875-76
910-916
193
Manufactures and commerce of Philadelphia, consideration
and statistics of.
Pa.. 1875-76
868-909
192
Manufactures and commerce of Pittsburgh, consideration.
and statistics of.
Pa.... 1875-76
97-181
191
Manufactures and labor, comparative condition of, 1875, 1887
Manufactures, dates of establishment of, by industries
Manufactures, domestic, influence of imports on the sale of.
Manufactures, growth of, statistics of.
Mass
1878
1-9
75
Mass
1878
40-49
75
Mass
1889
174-197
90
Mass
1878
35-84
75
Manufactures, law encouraging.
Conn.
1887
58
18
Manufactures, number of employés in, by counties (United
States census, 1880).
Conn
1885
139
18
Manufactures of Chicago, statistics of (United States census)
Manufactures of the state and United States, statistics of……..
Manufactures of the state, growth of, statistics of..
Manufactures of the state, markets for..
Ill
1879-80
20
22
Pa...
1881-82
81-90
202
Manufactures of the state, statistics of, by counties and in-
dustries, 1850, 1860, 1870.
Mass.
Mass.
Ill..
1889
289-401
92
1889
97-122
90
1879-80
20
22
-
Manufactures of the state, statistics of (state census, 1885)
Manufactures of the state, statistics of (United States cen-
sus, 1880).
Manufactures, "short time" in
Mass
1889
85-230
91
N.J..
1882
377-404
132
·
Manufactures, statistics of
Manufactures, statistics of
Manufactures, statistics of
Manufactures, statistics of, by counties
Manufactures, statistics of, by counties
Manufactures, statistics of, by counties
Manufactures, various, consideration of
Manufactures, various, statistics relating to
-
Manufacturing, agricultural, and other statistics.
Mass
Conn. 1891
Ill.. 1881-82
1887
253-255
89
17-60
22
125-245
24
Μο
Mo
Ohio.
Wis
1879
68-88
109
-
1891
155-322
121
1889
86--135
180
•
1883-84
177-209
236
Cal .. 1889-90
Nobr.. 1889-90
46-101
13
313-334
124
Cal ..
1885--86
645-746
11
Manufacturing and mechanical industries in the state, sta-
tistics of.
Manufacturing and mechanical industries in the state, sta-
tistics of (United States census).
Manufacturing and mechanical industries in the United
States, statistics of.
Manufacturing and mechanical industries, statistics of
Cal
1883-84
108-128
7
Μο ...
1885
105-116
114
Cal... 1883-84
237-251
8
N.D.. 1889–90
201, 202
161
•
* Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
319-
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Page.
of
this
book.
+
Manufacturing and mining industries, statistics of
Manufacturing and other business interests, statistics re-
lating to.
Iowa
1888-89
188-196
46
•
Mich
1886
214-401
100
Manufacturing, cooperative, in the state, statistics of, 1870-
Mass
1886
192-229
87
85.
Manufacturing industries, by establishments and cities,
statistics of.
Mass
1883
243-375
83
Manufacturing industries, capital and value of product of....
Manufacturing industries, capital and value of products,
in, 1880, 1885.
Manufacturing industries, hours of labor and wages of em-
ployés in.
Manufacturing industries, hours of labor and wages of em-
ployés in.
Iowa
1884-85
374-391
44
Nebr
1887-88
350-353
122
Iowa.
1884-85
349-355
44
Iowa. 1886-87
198
44
Manufacturing industries in St. Louis and Kansas City, Mo
statistics of.
1885
103, 104
114
Manufacturing industries, net profits in.
Mass
1890
259-630
95
Manufacturing industries, reports of .
Pa...
1874-75
298-378
189
Manufacturing industries, reports of
Pa
1875-76
506-736
192
*
Manufacturing industries, returns of.
Manufacturing industries, returns of….
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Μο
1887
23-96
116
Ohio.
1882
45-336
173
Conn
1888
33-95
19
Conn. 1890
33-65
21
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Ind...
1879
209-272
32
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Ind.
1882
217-260
36
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Ind...
1883
149-199
36
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Ind...
1884
217-275
38
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Ind. 1885-86
269-311
39
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Kans
1885
233-247
49
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Kans
1886
375-419
51
Kans
1887
210-250
52
Kans
1888
96-139
54
•
Kans
1889
10-196
54
Me
1887
229-237
59
N. C.
1890
126-172
159
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Ohio..
1890
51-112
181
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Pa
1876-77
638-654
195
Manufacturing industries, statistics of
Pa.
1882-83
73-94
202
Manufacturing industries, statistics of, 1880, 1887, and 1888.
Conn
1889
67-87
20
Manufacturing industries, statistics of. 1887-89...
Conn
1890
48-61
21
-
Manufacturing industries, statistics of, 1870..
Pa..
1872-73
47-84
182
Manufacturing industries, wages of employés in
N. J
1881
142-231
130
Manufacturing industries, wages of employés in.
Pa...
1872-73
382-104
185
Manufacturing industries, wages of employés in Massachu-
Pa.
1872-73
412-414 !
185
setts.
Manufacturing industries, wages of employés in, Philadel-
phia, 1870, 1871.
Pa...
1872-73
437-439
185
Manufacturing, mining, and agriculture, statistics of
Mich
1885
405-410
98
Manufacturing rank of the different states
Cal
1883-84
244
8
Manufacturing statistics of certain cities of the state
N.J...
1886
418-427
140
Markets for cotton and woollen goods
Mass
1881
342-356
80
Markets for Massachusetts manufactures
Mass
1889
97-122
90
Marriage after divorce, legislation of states and territories
relating to.
U.S..
1889
59, 60
226
Marriage and divorce in Europe, laws and statistics of...
Marriage and divorce, legislation for the investigation of.
Marriage, definitions of……...
U. S
1889
979-1067
227
U.S
1889
9-14
226
U. S
1869
25, 26
226
Marriage, doctrines of Mormons relating to.
U. S
1889
65-73
226
Marriage, duration of, before divorce, by states and territo-
ries, 1867-86.
U.S
1889
179–189, 832-941
227
Marriage, legislation of states and territories relating to..
Marriage license, legislation of states and territories relat-
ing to.
Marriage, place of, of couples divorced from 1867 to 1886, by
states and territories.
U. S
U.S
U.S..
1889
1889
23-73
226
46-50
226
U.S.. 1889
191-206
227
Marriage, prohibited degrees of relationship in, by states and
territories.
U.S..
1889
31-35
226
Marriage, registration of, state regulations governing
Marriage, sectarian customs and practices relating to
Marriages and divorces, statistics of
U.S
1889
63, 64
226
U.S.
1889
64-73
226
Ind..
1887-88
IX-XI
40
Marriages, births, and deaths, statistics of...
Mass
1889
589-601
93
Marriages, encouragement and restraint of, legislation of
states and territories relating to.
U.S..
1889
26-28
226
Marriages, prohibited. void and voidable, regulations of
states and territories relating to.
U. S
1889
35-45
226
Marriages, statistics of...
Ind...
- 1879
410-414
33
Marriages, statistics of.
Ind...
1881
290-292
35
Marriages, statistics of.
Ind...
1882
266, 267
36
Marriages, statistics of.
"
Ind... 1883
239-242
37
Marriages, statistics of.
Ind...
1884
454-461
33
Marriages, statistics of.
Ind.. 1885-86
413-415
39
Marriages, statistics of, by counties..
N.D..
1889-90
73, 74, 96
161
320
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
ގނ
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Married women and mothers, nativity, ages, and conjugal | Mass
condition of.
1878
99-158
76
Married women, labor of, law relating to
Mass.
1890
39
94
Married women, property of. (See Property of married wo-
men.)
Masons' and Bricklayers' International Union, history and
statistics of.
Conn
1891
1395-1405
22
Master and servant, law relating to
Ill
1881-82
-
408
25
Materials and products, value of, capital invested, wages
paid, etc., in various industries, 1884-85.
Ohio..
1885
151-156
176
Materials and products, value of, capital invested, wages
paid, etc., in various industries.
Ohio..
1889
86-135
180
Materials and wages, relation of, to products...
Cal
1883-84
237-243
8
Materials, value of, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in cot-
ton mills.
R. I...
1887
20, 21
214
Materials, value of, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in found-R. I...
eries and machine shops.
1887
34
214
Materials, value of, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in
jewellery industry.
R. I...
1887
30, 31
214
Materials, value of, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in
woollen mills.
Maturity of commercial paper. (See Commercial paper.)
Mealtimes for employés in factories, law providing for proper.
Mealtimes for employés in factories, law providing for proper.
Mealtimes for women and children in factories, law providing
for proper.
Mealtimes for women and children in factories, law providing
for proper (Massachusetts).
R.I...
1887
27
214
N. Y..
1887
762-764
153
N. Y.
1889
806-812
155
Mass
1890
61-63
94
Minn. 1889-90
167, 168
107
Mealtimes for women and children in factories, law providing
for proper (Massachusetts).
R. I...
1888
177-179
216
Meals, time allowed for, in factories and shops in which fe-
males are employed.
R. I...
1889
27-137
216
Measurement of earthwork, brickwork, etc., law relating to..
Measurement of earthwork, brickwork, etc., law relating to..
Measures and weights. (See Weights and Measures.)
Meats, price of, New York, 1823-80
Mo...
1885
219-224
115
Mo
1886
277-283
116
Ind..
1881
176, 177
35
Mechanical and manufacturing industries in the state, sta-
tistics of.
Cal
1883-84
108-128
7
Mechanical and manufacturing industries in the state, sta- | Mo
tistics of (United States census).
1885
105-116
114
Mechanical and manufacturing industries in United States,
Cal... 1883-84
237-251
8
statistics of.
Mechanical and manufacturing industries, statistics of
N.D.. 1889-90
201, 202
161
Mechanics, foreign, supply of, consideration of...
Cal... 1887-88
204, 205
12
Mechanics in prison, statistics of
Cal...
1887-88
200-203
12
Mechanics' liens. (See Liens, mechanics'.)
Mechanics, native and foreign born...
Cal.
1887-88
206-226
12
Membership in labor organizations, law relating to
N. Y..
1887
776
153
Memorial of Henry Kemble Oliver...
Mass
1886
1-47
86
Mercantile interests, consideration of
Cal ... 1883–84
185-195
8
Merchants [dealers], capital, purchases, sales, etc., of, statis-
tics of.
---
Ind.. 1879
149-208
32
Merchants, manufacturers, etc., wages paid by.
Mich
1884
154-156
97
Messenger boys, law relating to
N. Y.
1887
765, 766
153
Metal and metallic goods industries, wages of employés in, by U. S..
states.
1885
159-162
219
Metal workers, wages and hours of labor of ..
N. Y..
1890
345-349
155
Metals and metallic goods, cost of production of, per ton..
Metals and metallic goods, labor cost per ton, in production of.
Meteorological observations at various stations in the state,
1889.
U.S.
1885
116-119
219
U. S
1885
129-131
219
•
N. D.. 1889–90
77
161
Meteorological statistics
Meteorological statistics.
Mill-gearing, English legal definition of
Ind...
Mass
Ind... 1881
1882
389-415
35
471-520
36
1874
Mill regulations
Mass
1882
159
224-228
·
Mill schools, extract from report of state board of education
Mass
1874
8,9
on.
Milling industry, history and statistics of
Pa... 1882-83
Milling industry, statistics of
Pa...
1884
53-63
136-140
203
Mills, flouring. (See Flouring mills.)
Mills, inspection of..
Mass
1874
117-454
Mills, means of escape from upper stories of, statistics of.
Mills of Fall River, facts concerning.
Mass
1875
152-177
Mass
-
-
Mills, value of machinery, etc., in
• •
Mills, ventilation in ..
Mass
Mass
1874
1882
1874
154, 155
230-237
113, 114
FDF 22 FREZE
71
81
71
205
71
72
71
81
71
-
Mine, coal. (See Coal mine.)
Mine, coal, inspectors. (See Coal mine inspectors.)
Mine employés' families, annual cost of living, earnings, and
expenses of.
Mo.
1889
298-408
118
Mine inspection, consideration of..
Ill
Mine inspection, law relating to
Mo
Mine inspector, law providing for
N. Y..
1881-82
1887
1889
107-112
24
16-21
116
801-805
155
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
321

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Mine inspector, law providing for
►
Mine inspector, report of.
Mine inspector, report of.
Ohio.. 1890
*3-13
181
Mo..
1887
177-211
117
Mo
1889
447-517
119
Mine inspector, report of
Mine inspectors, law relating to.
Mine inspectors, reports of.
Mine inspectors, reports of.
Mine inspectors, reports of.
Mine inspectors, reports of.
Mine inspectors, reports of
Mine inspectors, reports of
Mine inspectors, reports of
-
- -
Mo
1890
† 1-141
120-
Mich
1892
437, 438
106
Ill.
1881-82
12-104
24
Ill
1883-84 421-423, 440–604
27
1885-86
559-622
30
Ill
1887-88
360-442
30
Mo
1882
147-152
111
Mo
1883
81-127
112
Mo
1884
269-299
113
Mine inspectors, reports of
Mine inspectors, reports of.
Mine inspectors, reports of
Mo
1885
117-155
114
Mo
1886
29-73
115
Mo..
1888
57-125
117
Mine products, royalties on, consideration and statistics of..
Mineral resources of Lancaster county
U.S..
1890
100-102
231
Pa..
1874-75
346-358
189
Mineral statistics..
Ind..
1881
329-336
35
Mineral statistics.
Mineral statistics
Mineral statistics.
Ind...
1882
383-389
36
Ind... 1883
355-362
37
Ind..
1884
475-482
38
Mineral statistics.
Ind...
1887-88
180, 181
40
Mineral statistics, collection of, law providing for...
Pa.
1873-74
197-200
187
Miners' and laborers' beneficial fund of Philadelphia and Read-
ing Coal and Iron Company.
Pa..
1890
71E, 72E
212
Miners and mine operators, contracts between....
Miners and mine operators, opinions of, on depression of busi-
Ohio..
1880
Ohio.. 1885
1239-1241
170
208-212
177
ness.
Miners, average wages of...
Ohio..
1888
248-250
180
Miners, coal. (See Coal miners.)
Miners' families, annual earnings and expenses of.
Mo
1884
272
113
Miners' families, annual earnings and expenses of..
Ohio..
1882
90-93
173
Miners' wages, increase in
Miners' wages, law securing
Miners' homes, condition of………
Miners' homes, condition of and prices of rent paid for...
Miners, hours of labor of, law regulating.
·
Miners National Association, constitution of.
Miners, opinions of, on various subjects.
Miners, opinions of, on various subjects.
Miners, payment of, law relating to..
Miners, prices of supplies of, near mines.
Miners, social condition of...
- -
Miners' wages, law relating to.
-
Miners, wages of, in certain counties, law protecting.
Ohio..
1878
58,59
164
Mo
1889
283-287
118
-
Md.
Pa... 1872-73
Ohio.. 1878
1887
162
65
532-537
185
61-63
164
Ohio..
1882
99-101
173
Ma
1890-91
233
66
Md
1884-85
198
63
Pa..
1874-75
159-171
188
Ohio.. 1879
98-100
167
Md
1884-85
247-249
64
Pa..
1882-83
172a, 173a
204
Pa.
1879-80
433, 434
200
Miners, wages of, in certain counties. law protecting.
Pa..
1880-81
589, 590
202
Mines, accidents in. (See Accidents in mines.)
Mines and mining, consideration of ..
Cal. 1883-84
205-210
8
Mines and quarries, statistics of
Mines, children employed in, law limiting age of
Ind.
Iowa
1883
1890-91
358-362
37
250 !
48
Mines, coal, accidents in. (See Accidents in coal mines.)
Mines, coal. (See Coal mines.)
Mines, coal, and iron and steel industries, actual and theoreti-
U.S
1890
285-579
232
cal earnings and working time of employés in.
Mines, commissioner of, law providing for...
N.J..
1891
582.583
147
Mines, copper. (See Copper mines.)
Mines, employment of children and females in, law relating N. Y.. 1884
to. Illinois.
413
149
Mines, employment of children in, law relating to, Iowa
Mines, hours of labor of employés in, law regulating..
Mines, inspection of, and inspectors' reports on
Mines, inspection of, consideration of..
Mines, inspection of, law providing for..
N. Y 1884
Md.. 1885
Minn
Colo
418
149
236. 237
64
1889-90
346-350
108
1887-88
296-302
15
Ohio
1890
*3-13
-
181
Mines, inspection of, law relating to..
Mo..
1886
285-287
116
Mines, inspection of, law relating to.
Mo....
1889
433-438
119
-
Mines, inspection of, law relating to (amended)
Mines, inspector of, law relating to..
| Mo.... 1885
226-228
115
Md... 1890-91
233-235
66
Mines, iron, lead, and zinc, historical description of.
Mines, iron ore. (See Iron oro mines.)
Μο
1888
100-113
117
Mines, lead, and lead mine employés, consideration of.
Mo..
1880
122-127
109
Mines, lead, wages of employés in.
Mo
1879
91-94
108
Mines, liens upon property for labor performed on. (See Liens.)
Mines, products of, amount and value of..
Μο
1889
88-109
118
Mines, products of, amount and value of.
Mo..
1890
†7-43
120
Mines, products of, statistics of.
Mo
1887
257,258
117
Mines, safety of employés in, law providing for
Mines, school of, law establishing.
Iowa.. 1890-91
Ohio..
*247-252
48
1890
*14, 15
181
Mines, ventilation of. (See Coal mines, ventilation of.)
Mines, wages of employés in..
Mining and manufacturing industries, statistics of...
Mining, coal. (See Coal mining.)
Mo
1889
Iowa.. 1888-89.
123-131, 266–282
188-196
118
46
*Appendix.
¡ Vol. II.
1340021
322
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
i
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Mining, consideration and statistics of.
Ohio...
1890
40-49
181
Mining, consideration and statistics of.
Mining, copper and iron, statistics of.
Mining industry, statistics relating to....
Pa... 1872-73
191-268
183
Mich. 1885
408, 409
99
Iowa.. 1884-85
281-286
44
Mining, iron and lead. (See Iron and lead mining.)
Mining, iron and zinc. (See Iron and zinc mining.)
Mining, iron ore. (See Iron ore mining.)
Mining, law relating to .
Mining, law relating to
Mining, law relating to
Mining, law relating to
Mining, law relating to
Mining, law relating to
•
-
- -- .
· •
-
Mining, law relating to (Indiana)
Mining laws, commission to revise, law providing for
Mining laws, observance of, investigation of..
Mining, laws of various states relating to
Mining, laws relating to .
N. Y..
1889
801-805
155
Ohio..
1881
237-241
173
Ohio..
1886
319-327
178
Ohio..
1890
*3-14
181
Pa...
1879-80
433-468
200
Pa.
1880-81
599-631
202
Mo
1880
116-121
109
Pa...
1882-83
171a, 172a
204
•
Mo.
1889
409-412
118
Μο
1886
73-87
115
Μο
1885
209-216, 224-228
115
-
Mining, laws relating to .
Mo
1886 267-275, 283-287
116
Mining, laws relating to (Great Britain)
Pa..
1881-82
193-231
203
•
Mining, lead and zinc. (See Lead and zinc mining.)
Mining, lead. (See Lead mining.)
Mining machinery, consideration of
Mo
1888
113-121
117
Mining, manufacturing, and agriculture, statistics of.
Mich.
1885
405-410
98
Mining, nickel. (See Nickel mining.)
Mining, statistics of
Kans
1886
109-218
50
Mining, statistics of
Μο
1879
89-94
109
Mining, statistics of.
Pa...
1872-73
217-222
183
Mining, statistics of
Pa.
1873-74
195-302
187
Mining, zinc. (See Zinc mining.)
Minneapolis labor temple, history of...
Minn. 1887-88
248-251
106
Minors and children. (See Children and minors.)
Minors and women employed in factories and shops, hours of
labor of, law regulating.
R. I...
1887
93
215
Minors and women employed in factories, hours of labor of,
law regulating.
R.I...
1888
205, 206
216
Minors and women employed in factories, hours of labor of,
law regulating (Massachusetts).
N. Y..
1884
423, 424
149
Minors and women employed in factories, hours of labor of,
law regulating (Massachusetts).
R. I...
1888
174, 175
216
Minors and women, working hours of, statistics of.
Mass
1889
450-483
92
Minors, children, and women, employment of, law relating to..
Minors, children, and women, hours of labor of, law regulating
(New Jersey).
N.J..
1883
452-457
134
N. Y..
1884
430-432
149
Minors, employment of, law relating to (Massachusetts)
Minors, hours of labor and employment of, in factories, law
regulating.
Minors employed in factories and shops, law limiting age of..
Minors employed in mercantile establishments, hours of labor
of, law regulating (Massachusetts).
Minors employed in mines, law limiting age in..
Minors, employment of, in factories, etc., law regulating
Minors, employment of, law relating to
Minors, employment of, law relating to
•
-
Ohio..
1890
*23, 24
181
R. I...
1888
175, 176
216
Ohio..
1890
*11
181
N.J..
1891
29-33
146
Mass
1890
45,46
94
N.J.. 1885
353-357
137
Minn. 1889-90
Pa.... 1879-80
164, 165
107
427, 428
200
Minors, hours of labor and employment of, in factories, law
regulating.
Pa... 1880-81
583-585
202
Minors, hours of labor and employment of, law regulating.
Minors, hours of labor of, law relating to
Minors, hours of labor of, law relating to (Maryland)
Minors, payment of wages to, law relating to
Minors unable to read and write the English language, em-
Minors unable to read and write the English language, em-
ployment, of law relating to.
Minors unable to read and write the English language, em-
ployment of, law relating to (Massachusetts).
Cal ..
1889-90
Md...
1885
N. Y.. 1884
N. Y.. 1884
Mass
330
14
235, 236
419, 420
ཙཎྜ
64
149
390
149
1890
67, 68
93
Minn
1889-90
166, 167
107
R. I...
1888
177
216
ployment of, law relating to (Massachusetts).
Minors working in coal mines, laws relating to
Kans
1886
478
51
Miscellaneous industries, average wages of employés in
Pa.
1875-76
572-586
192
·
Miscellaneous industries, products of, value of.
Pa..
1875-76
572-580
192
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
N.J..
1880
71-156
128
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
N. J
1884
4-233
134
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
N. J
1885
XXXV-183 135,136
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
N. J
1886
7-163
138
N. J
1888
246-449
143
Pa..
1876-77
630-654
195
Pa..
1879-80
91-98
199
Pa
1880-81
125-141
201
·
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
Pa.
1881-82
62
--202
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
Pa.
1884
160-164
205
Miscellaneous industries, statistics of
Pa...
1885
502121
206
Miscellaneous industries, wages of employés in
Pa…..
1888
2C-107C
209
*Appendix,
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
323
}
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Miscellaneous manufactures, statistics of
Miscelaneous manufacturing industries, statistics of.
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries, statistics of.
Miscellaneous statistics
Miscellaneous statistics
-
N.C.. 1891
224-361
160
Pa.... 1878-79
290-319
198
·
Pa... 1882-83
73-94
203
Ind... 1879
273-400
33
Ind...
1880
169-307
34
Miscellaneous statistics
Miscellaneous statistics
Miscellaneous statistics
Miscellaneous statistics
Ind...
1884
483-505
39
Ind..
1885-86
417-434
39
Ind. 1889-90
459-496
42
--
Iowa 1884-85
356-364
Miscellaneous statistics
Modes and time of payment of wages. (See Payment of wages.)
Molluscous fauna.
Me
1887
222-239
Ind..
1880
451-467
Money, purchase power of. (See Purchase
(See Purchase power of money.)
Moral condition of employés in factories.
Moral condition of working girls, Boston
Morals and health of employés, consideration of
Mormons, doctrines of, relating to marriage
R. I...
1888
129-141
Mass
1884
118-126
Conn
·
1885
85-104
U.S..
1889
65-73
Mormous, practices and customs of, relating to divorce.
Mortality. (See Death and Deaths.)
U.S.
1889
123-125
Mortgage, etc., corporations, law relating to.
N.J..
1889
434-437
Mortgage indebtedness and assessed valuation of farms
Mortgage indebtedness, by counties and townships
Mich
1888
8-388
101
Ohio..
1888
23-191
Mortgage indebtedness on homes of workingmen employed
in agricultural implement and iron-working industries.
Mortgage indebtedness on real estate owned by workingmen. Mass
Mortgage indebtedness on real estate owned by workingmen. Mass
Mortgage indebtedness on workingmen's homes.
Mortgage indebtedness on workingmen's homes, amount of..
Mortgage indebtedness on workingmen's homes, statistics of.
Mortgage indebtedness, real estate and foreclosure execu
tions, statistics of.
Mich
1891
3-451
1870
408, 109
1871
446
ག ཚ 8 ཊྛ ¢
44
59
215
83
17
226
226
145
179
104
68
68
Kans
Mich.
Me..
N. J
1890
157
56
1890
3-303
103
1891
11-130
62
...
1889
305-390 144,145
Mortgage indebtedness, statistics of, 1880 and 1887…….
Mortgage indebtedness, statistics of, by counties
Ill
1889-90
206-240
31
•
-
ΠΙ .
1887-88
XXI-205
30
Mortgage indebtedness, statistics of, Detroit.
Mich
1885
396-401
98
Mortgage indebtedness, statistics of, Detroit
Mich
1892
189-219
104
Mortgages, chattel, law relating to
Kans
1886
467-169
51
Mortgages, chattel, statistics of
Kans
1886
99-108
50
Mortgages, coal lease, and liens for wages, law relating to,
(amended.)
Pa...
1879-80
437, 438
203
Mortgages, consideration of.
Ohio
1888
18-22
179
Mortgages, deeds of trust, etc., taxation of, law relating to
(California.)
Mich
1888
391, 392
101
Mortgages, farm, in certain states, statistics of
Ohio
1888
19
179.
Mortgages, farm, rates of interest on
Nebr. 1887–88
380-386
123
Mortgages, farm, Sarpy county, statistics of
Nebr 1889-90
263-312
124
Mortgages, foreclosure and redemption of
Mich
1888
84, 85
101
Mortgages, liens and trausfers. (See Liens, mortgages, and
transfers.)
Mortgages, number and amounts of, Detroit
Mich.
Mortgages on homes.
Iowa
1885
1886-87
396-401
98
9-118
44
Mortgages on homes of workingmen and women, statistics of.
Mortgages on real estate, number and amount of, by counties
and townships, 1870-188.
Mass
1876
34-258
73
Ohio..
1888
23-191
179
Mortgages, percentage of, to valuation
Mich
1888
71-73
101
Mortgages, uncancelled, number and amount of, by counties..
Mothers and married women, conjugal condition, nativity,
and ages of.
Ohio..
1888
190-191
179
Mass
1878
99-158
76
Motive power used in various industries
Mass
1877
139-154
75
Moulders, iron, Union of North America, history and statis-
Conn
1891
1431-1434
22
tics of.
Muck bar iron, cost of production of, in U. S. and Europe
Municipal indebtedness, statistics of, by counties
U.S
1890
110-120
232
N. D..
1889–90
94, 95
161
Municipal regulations relating to factories, Chicago
Ill
1879-80
233, 234
23
Municipal regulations relating to factories, Chicago.
Ill
1882
398-400
25
Municipal regulations relating to factories, Chicago.
N...
1884
416-418
149
Musical instrument industry, wages and hours of labor of
employés in,
N. Y..
1890
252-254
155
1891
61-1499
22
Mutual benefit societies, fraternal, history and statistics of... Conn
N.
Nail and rolling mills, scale of prices for labor adopted in..
National anti-convict contract association, organization and
resolution of.
National association of charities and corrections, report of,
on prison labor.
National home building company, law incorporating..
National prison association, report of, on convict labor
Nationality, age, and sex of persons engaged in selected occu-
pations.
Nationality, age, and sex of working people in United States,
statistics of.
Cal ...
Mo
Ohio.
1880
1121-1125
170
Nebr.. 1887-88
Nebr.. 1887-88
294-297
298-308
Mass
Nebr.
1890
1887-88
1883-84
90,91
308, 313
224, 225
122
༤ མཚམ”
122
122
1886
180-227
115
}
324
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Nationality and comparative prosperity of farmers
Mich..
1888
89-388
101
Nationality and conjugal condition of female employés in
various industries.
R. I... 1889
26-136 216
Nationality of employés in agricultural implement and iron- | Mich…..
working industries.
1891
2-451
104
Nationality of employés in certain trades.
Nationality of employés in furniture industry
Nationality of employés in various industries.
Nationality of employés in various industries
Nationality of employés in various industries
Nationality of employés in various industries..
Nationality of employés in various industrica
Nationality of employés in various industries.
Nationality of employés in various industries
Nationality of employés in various industries.
Nationality of employés on oyster boats ...
Nationality of members of trade organizations.
Nationality of the unemployed .
•
Nationality of voters and aliens, statistics of
Nationality of voters in San Francisco...
Nationality of workingmen, by occupations
Nationality of workingmen in various industries
Nationality of workingnien, statistics of…...
Nationality of working people of United States (Census,
1880).
Nationality of workingwomen, by cities and industries
Nationality of workingwomen, statistics of..
Native and foreign börn employés, number of, by occupa-
tions.
Native and foreign born mechanics
Nativity, age, and illiteracy of persons in various occupa-
tions.
Nativity, age, and sex of children employed in various in-
dustries.
Nativity and age of employés in certain trades.
N.J..
1889
126-131
144
Mich..
1890
2-302
102
-
Cal
1883-84
248-251
8
Mass..
1870
373-409
68
Mass.. 1873
112
70
Mass.. 1875
214-218
73
Mich..
1884
102-142
96.97
Mich.. 1885
119-165
98
Mich.. 1889
3-227
102
Wis..
1887-88
118-213
238
•
Md
1890-91
53-138
66
Ill.
1885-86
224-230
29
Mass.
1887
254-260
89
Mass.
1882
97-191
81
Cal
1887-88
210, 211
12
R. I..
1890
84-219
217
N.J.
1879
68-82
127
Ill.. 1883-84
156-162
26, 27
་
Pa
1881-82
110-129
203
U.S... 1888
222-249
225
Mich.. 1892
Mich. 1884
Cal. 1887-88
130-138
104
102-142 96, 97
206-226
Mass.
1878
159-262
76
203
12
R. I...
1891
63-152
217
N. J.
1889
74-103
144
Nativity of criminals, 1860-'79...
Nativity of employés in various industries
Mass..
1881
496-504
80
N. J...
1878
51-55
125
of.
·
Nativity of employés in various industries
Nativity of employés in various industries
Nativity of married women and mothers.
Natural gas, history of the discovery and use of
Naturalized persons and aliens, number of, by occupations..
Naturalized persons, nationality and number of, by counties.
Naturalized persons, nationality and number of, by counties.
Naturalized persons, nationality and number of, by counties.
Naturalized persons, nationality and number of, by counties. Ind
Naturalized persons, nationality and number of, by counties. Ind
Navigation, commerce, and shipbuilding on the Delaware,
history and statistics of.
Netherlands, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics
New iron district of Ohio, reports on, by D. W. Roy.
Newspaper and periodical industry of the United States, sta-
tistics of.
Ind ...
Ind…….
Ind
N.J..
1885
4-33
135
N. J
1888
320-449
143
Mass.. 1878
99-158
76
Ind... 1885-86
R. I...
VIII-XXI
39
1890
220-305
217
1883
312, 313
37
1884
371, 372
38
1885-86
321-323
39
1887-88 204, 205, 318, 319
40
1889-90
281-288
41.
Pa...
1891
1C-149C
213
U.S...
1889
1046-1049
227
Ohio.
1877
60-67
162
Mo...
1886
172-179 115,116
Newspapers and periodicals in the state, directory of
Newspapers and periodicals in the state, directory of
Newspapers and periodicals in the state, directory of
N.C
1889
287-291
159
N.C..
1890
315-319
159
•
N.C..
1891
363-367
160
Newspapers and periodicals, statistics of.
Newspapers and periodicals, statistics of.
Ind...
1879
298-302
33
Ind
1884
384-412
38
Newspapers and periodicals, statistics of.
Pa..
1873-74
99, 100
186
Newspapers and periodicals, statistics of.
Newspapers and periodicals, statistics of.
Pa..
1884
125-127
205
Pa.
1885
93,94
207
Newspapers and periodicals taken by workingmen in the
furniture industry.
Mich
1890
3-303
103
Newspapers of the state and of Ohio, returns of
Mo
1884
51-56
112
•
Newspapers, statistics of.
Kans
1889
91-138
54,55
Newspapers, statistics of.
Mo
1885
77-85
114
Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, etc., Co.'s liability for
wages, law defining.
N. Y..
1887
706
153
Nickel mining, history and statistics of ...
Pa..
1872-73
266-268
183
Night schools, necessity of, consideration of.
Pa..
1874-75
429, 430
189
Nine-hour law
Mass
1890
95
94
·
Non-residents, wages of, attachment of, law relating to
Norway, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of
Nutrients, quantity, and cost of food materials
0.
Oath, iron-clad, required of employés of Champion Reaper Ohio..
Works.
Obituary of Henry J. Walls, first commissioner of labor….
Obstructing another's business, law relating to ..
N. J.. 1886
432
140
U. S..
Mass
1889
1049, 1050
227
1886
237-326 | 87, 88
1886
55
177
Kans
Ohio.. 1888
1886
8-10
179
473, 474
50
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
325
!
Subjects.
Bureau report.
Page

of

this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Occupation, effect of, on health.
(See Health.)
Occupations in which working girls are employed, Boston
Mass
1884
41-49
83, 84
Occupations of the unemployed.
Mass
1887
166-225
88.89
*
Occupations of voters in San Francisco.
Cal..
1887-88
206-209
12
Occupations of women, by counties
Ind……. 1881
293-301
35
Occupations of workingmien, by age periods.
R. I...
1890
3-83
217
Occupations of workingmen, by cities and towns
Occupations of working people, Boston, 1880..
R. I...
1890
306-317
217
-
Mass
1884
12-15
83
Officials, state, directory of .
Occupations of working people in the state, statisticts of
(U. S. Census, 1870).
Occupations of working people of United States (Census,
1880).
Occupations of working people of United States (Census,
1880).
Occupations of working people of United States, statistics of.
Occupations. persons engaged in, selected.
Occupations, previous, of criminals, 1860–79
Officials, state and national, directory of.
Officials, state, directory of .
Officials, state, directory of.
:
Ohio.
1877
39-42
162
N. Y….
1884
448-454
149
Pa..
1881-82
91-129
203
Mo
1886
180-227
115
Cal
1833-84
224, 225
8
Mass
1881
505-509
80
Pa... 1874-75
1-30:
188
Pa.
1875-76
3-26
190
Pa..
1876-77
3-16
193
Pa.
1877-78
3-11
196
Oil [petroleum]. (See Petroleum.)
Oil, refined, cost of production of, per barrel
Pa..
1884
129, 130
205
Oil refineries, statistics of……….
Pa.
1885
76.77
206
Oil refining, condition, number, and wages of employés in,
Cleveland.
Ohio
1878
220, 221
165
Oils, manufacture of..
Oliver, Henry Kemble, memorial of
Cal
Mass
1889-90
59-65
13
-
1886
1-47
86
Oneida community, practices and customs of, relating to mar-
riage.
U.S.
1889
61, 65
226
Opinions and conditions of fishermen..
Me
1887
111-117
58
Opinions and remarks of employers and employés on various
subjects.
Md.
1884-85
211-220
64
Opinions and remarks of employers and employés on various
subjects.
Mass
1872
105-441
69
Opinions and remarks of employés on various subjects
Opinions and remarks of fariners on various subjects.
Opinions and remarks of workingmen on various subjects
Opinions and remarks of workingmen on various subjects
Opinions and remarks of workingmen on various subjects
Opinions and remarks of workingmen on various subjects
Opinions and remarks of workingwomen….
Opinions and suggestions of workingmen on labor matters..
Opinions and suggestions of workingmen on labor matters..
Opinions and suggestions of workingmen on labor matters.
Opinions, foreign, on American workingmen..
Opinions of clergymen, physicians, teachers, etc., on ques-
tions affecting child labor.
Opinions of county superintendents on compulsory educa-
tion law.
Opinions of employers and employés on causes of rise or fall
in wages.
Opinions of employers and employés on questions affecting
labor.
Mo
Me
1888
54-63, 94-113
59, 60
Mass
1872
26-41
69
Iowa
1884-85
204-228
43
Iowa
1886-87 140–159, 188-190
11
Iowa
1888-89
88-101
45
1882
109-118
111
Kans
1889
322-326
55
Cal
1887-88
186-192
12
Mass
1879
97-139
77
Mo..
1880
239-248
110
Mass
1879
XIII, XIV
76
R. I...
1891
22-62
217
Nebr
1887-88
199-202
122

N. Y..
1888
1041-1072
153
Mass
1870
202-365
67
Opinions of employers and employés on various subjects.
Opinions of employers in various industries.
N. T..
1886
691-703
151
Kans.
1887
251-258, 264. 265
53
Opinions of employers on factorizing..
Conn
Opinions of employers on questions affecting labor.
Wis
1886
1885-86 226-236, 350-362,
56-60
18
238
[386–389, 406–421
·
Opinions of employers on questions affecting labor
Opinions of employers on weekly payment of wages
Opinions of employers on weekly payment of wages.
Opinions of employés on various subjects..
Opinions of farmers on causes of their failures
Opinions of farmers on condition of agricultural class
Opinions of farmers on condition of working classes.
Opinions of farmers relative to their condition
Opinions of farmers relative to their condition..
Opinions of farmers relative to their condition.
Opinions of female employés on various subjects.
Opinions of manufacturers and business men on labor ques-
tions.
.
Opinions of manufacturers on a reduction of hours of labor..
Opinions of manufacturers on depression of business
Opinions of manufacturers relating to prison-made goods
Opinions of miners and operators on depression of business….
Opinions of miners on various subjects.
Opinions of miners on various subjects..
Opinions of prominent citizens concerning the laboring
classes.
N.C
1888.
170-209
157
Conn
1886
44-55
18
R. I...
1887
68-71
214
N.J..
1883
113-124
133
Nebr
1887-88
203-217
123
Me
1890
59-91
61
Iowa
1888-89
111-123
45
N.C
1888
398-423
158
N.C
1889
25-141
158
N.C..
1891
14-121
160
R. I...
1889
147-155
216
Ohio
1889
71-76
180
Mass
1879
147-163
77
Ohio..
1885
191-193
176
Mich
1887
93-125
100
Ohio….
1885
208-212
177
Ohio..! 1878
Ohio.
61-63
164
1882
99-101
173
Mass 1882
366-409
81
Opinions of the public and the press on the labor bureau..
Mass
1876
321-328
74
A
----
326
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
State.
Year.
Pago.
this
book.
Orphan asylums, law providing for
Orphan schools, statistics of
Overproduction as a cause for industrial depression
Ownership and assessed valuation of real estate..
Opinions of T. V. Powderly and James H. Smart, LL. D., on
industrial schools and the apprenticeship question.
Opinions of wageworkers on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen and women on various subjects
Opinions of workingmen in certain trades on their condition
Opinions of workingmen on condition of laboring classes.
Opinions of workingmen on condition of laboring classes.
Opinions of workingmen on condition of laboring classes.
Opinions of workingmen on condition of laboring classes.
Opinions of workingmen on depression of business.
Opinions of workingmen on questions affecting labor
Opinions of workingmen on questions affecting labor.
Opinions of workingmen on questions affecting labor.
Opinions of workingmen on questions relative to their condi-
tion.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workinginen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects..
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects..
0
•
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen on various subjects.
Opinions of workingmen regarding their condition.
Opinions of workingwomen on labor questions
Opinions on education and labor, by Prof. P. Sherman
Opinions on the eight-hour day
Ore, iron, analyses of. (See Analyses of iron ore.)
Me
Mich
Μο
Nebr
Ohio.
Pa…….
Pa
- •
Ore, iron, cost of production of, in United States and Europe.. U.S..
Orphan asylums, homes, and schools
Minn
1889-90
277-288
108
Mich
1886
155-166
99
Me
Me...
1887
•
98-111
58
Iowa
1889
1884-85
48, 56, 100, 101 | 60, 61
204-228
43
Kans
1890
124-136
56
Me
1891
137-148
63
Pa...
1884
53-62
205
Ohio..
1885
140-148
176
N. J
1881
83-105
129
N. J
1836
179-222
138
R. I...
1887
39-47
214
R. I...
1888
55-85
215
-
-
Iowa.. 1886-87 140-159, 188-190
44
Iowa.. 1888-89
88-101
45
Kans
1885
101-123
48
Kans
1886
179-190, 356–373
50, 51
Kans
1887
172-191
52
-
Md..
1887
24-31
64
1888
34-63
59, 60
1886
155-166
99
1882
109-118
111
1887-88
52-59
122
-
N. J ..
1881
83-105
129
N.J..
1884
237-256
135
-
N. J
1885
214-228
136
N. J
1886
179-222
138
N.C..
1888
55-144
157
Ohio ..
1878
241-245
165
Ohio.
1880
1340-1345
171
·
Ohio.. 1882
99-101, 226–236
174
1889
51-70
180
1872-73
454-468
185
1882-83
116-133
204
Pa.
1887
16H-28H
209
Pa.
1889
1E-66E
211
R. I...
1887
39-47
214
Wis.. 1885-86 306-309, 361, 362,
238
406-413, 431-441
Wis 1887-88
Wis.. 1888-89
Pa…….. 1884
1-79
238
15-34
239
53-62
205
Ohio..
1889
33, 34
180
Kans
1887
809-317
53
N. Y..
1890
19-33, 488-571 155,156.
1890
245-263
פריר
Pa..
1872-73
166-174
183
N. J ..
Pa...
1885
1875-76
399-401
137
938-942
195
U. S
1885
80-90
219
Mich
1885
353-404
98
Ownership and assessed valuation of real estate, statistics of, Mich
Detroit.
Ownership of real estate, statistics of...
Owners of land, number of, by counties
Owners of land, number of, by counties
Owners of land, number of, by counties
Owners of land, number of, by counties
Owners of land, number of, by counties
Owners of land, number of, by counties
Owners of land, number of, by counties
Owners of land, number of, by counties
-
·
1892
220-238
105
N. D.. 1889–90
92, 93
161
Ind...
1879
338, 339
33
Ind..
1880
170-172
34
Ind..
Ind
1881
168, 169
35
1882
370-373
36
•
•
Ind..
1883
107, 108
36
Ind..
1884
194-196
38
Ind.. 1885-86
366, 367
39
Ind.. 1889-90 188, 219, 220, 250,
41
251
Owners of real and personal property, statistics of.
Owners of real and personal property, statistics of.
Owners or tenants occupying farms, numbers of, by counties..] Pa……….
Owners or tenants occupying farms, statistics of
Owning homes, age, and nativity of employés, statistics of.
Owning homes, desirability of, workinginen's opinions on
Owning homes, number of employés in various industries, re
porting
Mass
1873
228-242
70
→
Mass
1882
296-299
82
1889
206A-223A
210
Mich
1888
8-93
101
Wis
Wis
1888-89
1887-88
Wis. 1887-88
41, 42
239
15-36
238
118-141
238
Owning homes, number of employés reporting.
Owning homes, number of workingmen
Wis
1885-86
442, 443
238
Comm
1885
137-138
13
Owning homes, number of workingmen in agricultural imple.
ment and ironworking industries.
Mich
1891
3-451
10-4
Owning homes, number of workingmen in furniture industry.
Owning homes, number of workingmen, statistics of
Owning or renting homes, number of coal miners.
Mich
Iowa
1891
1888-89
3-303
103
10-86
45
►
Ohio..
1878
44-46
164
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
327

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Owning or renting homes. number of employés (employers
and employés' returns).
|
N. C
1890
24, 25, 70-94,
159
177-214
Owning or renting homes, number of employés in cotton and
woollen mills reporting.
N. C
1891
162-199
160
Owning or renting homes, number of employés in various
industries reporting.
Pa..
1887
9H-11H
209
Owning or renting homes, number of employés in various
industries reporting.
R. I...
1888
4-52
215
Owning or renting homes, number of employés reporting. by
counties.
N. C..
1887
16-31
156
Owning or renting homes, number of employés reporting, by
counties.
N. C
1888
8-54
157
Owning or renting homes, number of employés reporting, by
counties.
|
N. C
1889
272-277
159
Oyster boats, number and tonnage of
Owning or renting homes, number of female employés report-
ing.
R. I...
1889
27-137
216
N. J
1882
334, 335
132
Oyster, clam, and mussel beds, location of, legally defined, with
map.
Conn
1889
179-206
Oyster industry, capital invested and value of products in
Oyster industry, history and development of..
N. J
1882
337
132
Conn
1889
91-153
Oyster industry, laws relating to
Md
1890-91
139-194
Oyster industry of the state
Md... 1890-91
11-194
22 £285
C6
Oyster industry, revenues from.
Md.
1890-91
Oyster industry, statistics of, by towns
Conn
1889
26-31
116-153
66
20
Oyster lands, acreage of, by counties, 1868-'91
Md
1890-91
33
66
Oyster, the, and the oyster industry, consideration of and sta- | N. J
tistics relating to.
1882
217-350
132
Oysters, measurement of, law relating to..
Oysters, shipment of, from the state.
Ma
N.J
1886-87
162, 163
65
-
1882
350
132
P.
Packing honses, profits of..
Pa.
1890
39a-43a
211
Painters and Decorators, Brotherhood of, history and sta- Conn..
tistics of.
1891
1407-1411
22
Paleontology
Ind..
1830
469-522
34
Panic of 1873, effect on savings banks.
Mass.
1874
246, 247
72
Paper industry, consideration of..
Pa..
1876-77
806-818
196
Paper industry, returns of.
Ohio
1882
262-272
173
Paper industry, statistics of
N. J
1882
41, 361-363 131,132
Paper industry, value of product, wages paid, etc., in.
Pa..
1885
93-96
206
Paper mills, statistics of..
Ohio.
1880
1288-1292
171
Paper mills, statistics of...
Pa
1876-77
487-499
195
Paper mills, wages of employés in
Pa.
1888
820,830
209
-
Parades and processions, law relating to
N. Y
1887
731
153
Parks and grounds, public, law providing for.
N. J
1887
352-359
141
Parks and libraries, public, law providing for.
N.J
1885
402-408
137
Parks, public, law providing for
N. J
1886
434
140
Partners and stockholders, women as.
•
Mass..
1889
522-533
93
Partners in firms and stockholders in corporations, statistics of.
Mass..
1878
90-98
76
Partnership, law relating to
Conc..
1887
63, 64
18
Passenger and freight rates. (See Freight and passenger rates.)
Paterson board of arbitration, by-laws of
N. J
1887
100
140
+ •
Patrons of Husbandry, consideration of.
N. J.
1886
333-349
139
Pauper labor, value of, statistics of..
Ind
1881
188, 189
35
Pauperism and crime, statistics of
Mass.
1877
183-228
75
Pauperism, consideration of.
Ind
1884
221-226
38
Pauperism, statistics of..
Kans
1887
29-68
51, 52
Pauperism, statistics of...
Me..
1887
147, 148
59
Pauperism, statistics of.
N. J.
1883
371-444
134
Pauperism, statistics of, 1850, 1860, 1870.
Pa
1872-73
181
183
Paupers, statistics of
Ind
1861
178-189
35
Paupers, statistics of.
Ind
1883
314, 315
37
Paupers, statistics of.
Ind
1884
373-375
38
Paupers, statistics of
Ind
1835-86
315-317
39
Paupers, statistics of.
Ind..
1887-88 200, 201, 314, 315
40
Paupers, statistics of...
Mich..
1884
187
97
Payment and security of wages, law relating to.
Payment of wages and working time in various industries.
Payment of wages, bi-weekly, law relating to, consideration of.
Payment of wages, consideration of modes and times of……
Payment of wages fortnightly, law providing for..
N. J.
Ill.
Mo...
1891
1885-86
66-63
256-334
146
29
1891
7-10
120
Conn
1 885
70-84
17
-
Me...
1887
167
59
Payment of wages, fortnightly, law providing for.
Me....
1889
149
61
Payment of wages, fortnightly, law providing for.
Me.
1890
195
62
Payment of wages in cotton mills, times of.
Payment of wages in iron industry, times of.
R. I.
1887
49
214
R. I
1887
55
214
Payment of wages in legal tender, law providing for.
Payment of wages in scrip, consideration of
-
Iowa.
Kans
1890-91
255, 256
48
1886
200-205
50
Payment of wages in scrip, consideration of.
Ohio.
1878
115-129
166
Payment of wages in scrip, consideration of.
Ohio..
1880
1242-1247
170
T
:
328
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
this
State. Year.
Page.
book.
Payment of wages in scrip, consideration of
Payment of wages in scrip, consideration of
Payment of wages in scrip, consideration and returns on
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting.
• •
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting (New Jersey).
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting (Ohio)..
Payment of wages in scrip, law prohibiting, operations and
results of.
Payment of wages in scrip, law relating to (Ohio)..
Payment of wages in scrip, law relating to (proposed)
Payment of wages in scrip, laws of the state, Indiana, New
Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and England, pro-
hibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, laws of the state, New Jersey and
Ohio, prohibiting.
Payment of wages in scrip, laws of the state, New Jersey and
Ohio, prohibiting.
Ohio..
Ра
1885
213-228
177
1878-79
...
354-388
198
-
Mo....
Mo...
1880
13-42
109
1884
141, 142
112
Mo.
1885
217, 218, 229, 230
115
Mo.
1886
275, 288, 289
116
N. J
1879
85
127
N.J
1885
365-367
157
N. J
1891
71, 72
146
N. Y..
1889
789, 790
155
Ohio
1877
190, 191
163
Ohlo
1878
115, 325
166
Ohio
1879
108, 109, 315
169
Ohio..
1880
1384
172
Ohio ..
1881
250
173
Ohio
1885
215, 216
177
Ohio ..
1886
327, 328
178
Ohio
1890
*19, 20
181
Pa
1880-81 174-176, 592, 593 201,202
Ohio
1877
163, 164
163
N. J ..
1879
287, 289
128
Ohio..
1883
290-315
175
Kans.
1886
202, 203
50
Ohio..
1877
190, 191
163
Mo
1889
418-446
119
Mo... 1880
39-42
109
Pa.... 1878-79 358, 359, 364, 365
198
Payment of wages in various industries, modes of
Payment of wages in woollen mills, times of.
•
Payment of wages, law relating to.
Payment of wages, law relating to.
Payment of wages, law relating to (amended)
Payment of wages, modes and times of
Payment of wages, modes and times of.
Mo
1880
13-42
109
R. I...
1887
52
214
N. J
1878
268, 269
126
N.J..
1885
362-368
137
N. J
1887
347
141
Payment of wages, modes of, consideration of.
Payment of wages, modes of, consideration of.
Payment of wages, modes of, in certain occupations
Payment of wages, laws relating to (Massachusetts and New
Hampshire).
Payment of wages, modes and times of (employés' returus)...
Payment of wages, modes and times of, in certain industries
Payment of wages, modes and times of, in various industries.
Payment of wages, modes and times of, in various industries
Payment of wages, modes of, consideration of..
Payment of wages, modes of, consideration of.
Payment of wages, modes of, consideration of.
Payment of wages, modes of, consideration of.
-
N.J
Pa.... 1882-83
Conn
Ohio..
Wis..
Iowa
1886-87
407,408
45
Conn
1886
1-25
18
·
1879
68-82
127
107-111
204
1886
4-25, 73, 75
18
1883
20-78
174
1887-88
118-239
238
Corn
1885
70-84
17
Ohio.. 1877
156-192
163
Ohio.. 1878
115-129
165
Ohio..
1879
107-123
167
Pa... 1879-80
197-201
200
Pa....
1880-81
174-179
201
Conn.
1886
75
18
Payment of wages, modes of, in coal mines (employés' returns)
Payment of wages, modes of (miners' returns).
Ohio..
1881
61
172
Ohio..
1882
94, 95
173
Payment of wages, modes of, to workingmen belonging to
labor organizations.
N. J.
1887
47-64
87
Payment of wages of female employés, times of, in various in-
dustries.
R. I...
1889
26-136
216
Payment of wages of miners, report of committee on
Payment of wages, semi-monthly, law providing for
Payment of wages, times and modes of, in various industries
(employés' returns).
Ohio.. 1883
Ohio.. 1890
N.C.. 1889
290-315
175
*26
181
272-277
159
Payment of wages, times of, by occupations.
Payment of wages, times of, in various industries
Payment of wages, times of, in various industries
Payment of wages, times of, in various industries.
Payment of wages, times of, in various industries
Kans
1885
210-224
49
N. J ..
1880
76-155
128
N.C..
1887
53-61
156
Ohio..
1884
249-252
175
Ohio.. 1887
79-136
179
Payment of wages, times of, of employés in various industries.
Payment of wages to minors, law relating to
Payment of wages to minors, law relating to (New York)
Payment of wages, violations of law relating to
Colo.. 1887-88
N. Y..
Md
250-253
16
1884
390
149
1888-89
*44
66
Mo.
1890
18-13
119
Payment of wages, weekly, by corporations, law providing N. Y..
for.
1889
800, 801
155
Payment of wages, weekly, consideration of
Kaus
1888
Payment of wages, weekly, consideration of
Mass. 1882
Payment of wages, weekly, law providing for
Payment of wages, weekly, law providing for
Conn.
Mass
1887
1890
8-17
316-327
266, 267
XXVI, XXVII,
47-49
Conn 1886
Payment of wages, weekly, law providing for (Massachusetts)
Payment of wages, weekly, law providing for (Massachusetts) Minn
*Appendix.
† Vol. 1.
LI, LII
-
1889-90
175, 176
108
22 223 22
53
82
19
93
18
་

INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
329
:
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Page.
of
this
book.
Payment of wages, weekly, laws of Connecticut, Indiana,
Payment of wages, weekly, laws of Connecticut and Massa-
chusetts providing for.
Kans
1887
323, 324
53
Mo..
1889
422-425
119
and Massachusetts, providing for.
Payment of wages, weekly, views of employers on.
Payment of wages, weekly, views of employers on.
Peace officers, unauthorized, law relating to.
Peddlers and hawkers, law relating to
Peddling and begging, by certain minors, law relating to..
Penal and reformatory institutions, statistics of ..
Penal institutions, ages, and sentences of convicts in, by
states.
Penal institutions and systems of prison labor, statistics of
Penal institutions, average daily prices paid for labor in
Penal institutions, consideration of..
Conn
1886
44-55
18
R. I...
1887
68-71
214
N.J
1891
582
147
Me
1889
152-154
61
Mass.
1890
66, 67
94
N. J ..
1883
329-370
134
U.S..
1836
269-283
222
Mich.
1887
27-41, 205–208 100,101
U.S..
1886
200-215
221
Mich
1884
17-58
96
Penal institutions, income and expenses of, by states
Penal institutions in the United States, classified.
U.S..
1886
216-268
222
Mass.
1880
108-110
78
Penal institutions, males and females committed to, number
and percentage of, 1879-'88.
R. I...
1889
169
217
Penal institutions, number of convicts employed in, by indus-
tries and states.
U.S..
1886
88-95
221
Penal institutions, number of convicts in, by states
Penal institutions, statistics of………….
U.S.
1886
8-87
221
Mass
1879
20-24
77
Penal institutions, value of goods made by convicts in, by
states.
Penitentiaries and other penal institutions, statistics of ...
Penitentiaries, prisons, and reformatory institutions, statis-
tics of.
U.S..
1886
96-191
221
N. J
Pa
1883
329-370
134
--
1872-73
182-186
183
· -
Penitentiaries, statistics of..
Penitentiary, cost of maintaining, 1833-'80
Pa...
Mo
1873-74
136, 138
186
1880
228
110
Penitentiary, number of persons received at and discharged | Mo
from.
1880
229
110
Penn manors, number and size of …….
Pa...
1872-73
101-103
182
Pennsylvania Coal Company, average wages of employés of ..
Pensions and benefit societies in industrial establishments
(New York).
Pa
1874-75
492
190
Mo
1882
131-136
111
1
•Pensions, statistics of.
Ind...
1883
381-390 37, 38
Pensions, statistics of..
Ind...
1884
501-505
39
Periodical and newspaper industry of United States, statis-
Mo
1886
172-179
115
tics of.
Periodicals and newspapers. (See Newspapers and periodi-
cals.)
Personal and real property, ownership of.
Mass
1873
228-242
70
Petroleum, average daily products of, 1870–281.
Pa... 1880-81
143
201
Petroleum, average price of, per barrel
Pa.
1882-83
21
204
Petroleum, cost of production of, per barrel
Pa
1882-83
21
203
Petroleum, daily and monthly products of, 1870-'80
Pa.
1879-80
147, 148
199
Petroleum, daily production of, by months, 1867-73
Petroleum, daily production of, by months, 1871-'82
Pa.
1872-73
256
184
Pa..
1881-82
64
202
Petroleum, exports of, Philadelphia, 1860–73
Petroleum, exports of (United States).
Pa.
1872-73
260
184
Pa.
1884
131, 132
206
Petroleum fields, wages of employés in.
Pa….
1882-83
21
204
Petroleum industry, consideration and statistics of.
Pa..
1874-75
273-297
189
Petroleum industry, statistics of..
Pa.
1872-73
254-263
184
Petroleum industry, statistics of..
Pa...
1873-74 299-302, 355-360
188
Petroleum industry, statistics of.
Pa.
1876-77
24-29
194
Petroleum industry, statistics of...
Pa...
1878-79
277-289
198
Petroleum industry, statistics of.
Pa.
1879-80
144-132
199
Petroleum industry, statistics of.
Pa.... 1880-81
142-145
201
Petroleum industry, statistics of.
Pa..
1881-82
63-67
202
Petroleum industry, statistics of.
Pa.
1882-83
21-31
203
Petroleum industry, statistics of.
Pa.
1884
129-135
205
Petroleum, monthly production of
Pa.
1878-79
279
198
Petroleum, monthly production of, 1867–'74
Pa….. 1873-74
356
188
Petroleum, monthly shipments of.
Pa.
1872-73
260-261
184
Petroleum foil] refineries, statistics of.
Pa.
1882-83
23
204
Petroleum foil] refineries, statistics of.
Pa...
1884
129, 130
205
Petroleum [oil] refineries, statistics of.
Pa.
1885
76, 77
206
Petroleum, origin and production of ….
Pa.
1875-76
227-235
191
Petroleum, prices of, average, per barrel
Petroleum, prices of, 1859-77
Pa
1882-83
21
204
Pa
1876-77
28
194
Petroleum, prices of, Philadelphia.
Pa.
1873-74
310
187
Petroleum, prices of, Philadelphia, 1864-'74
Pa
1873-74
358
188
Petroleum, prices of, Titusville, 1870-'75
Pa.
1874-75
288, 289
189
-
Petroleum, production of, by companies
Pa.
1874-75
296, 297
189
Petroleum, production of, by companies
•
Petroleum, receipts of, Pittsburgh, 1859-73
Petroleum trade, consideration and statistics of
Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, average
wages of employés of.
Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, miners'
and laborers' beneficial fund of.
Pa 1875-76
Pa.. 1872-73
Pa. 1873-74
Pa.. 1874-75
234, 235
191
260
184
299-302
187
487,488
190
Pa....
1890
71E, 72E
212
330
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Pago.
this
book.
Philadelphia, commerce and manufactures of, consideration
and statistics of.
•
Philadelphia, commerce of, statistics of.
Philadelphia, industries of, statistics of.
Physical and sanitary condition of working girls, Boston
Piecework, quantity produced and wages for, in various
industries.
Piecework, quantity produced and wages for, in various
industries.
Pa.... 1875-76
868-909
192
Pa..
1872-73
268-277
184
-
Pa.. 1879-80
178-180
200
Mass
1884
58-75
83
N. J ..
1883
80-109
133
N. J ..
1884
204-233
13+k
Piecework, quantity produced and wages for, in various
industries.
N. J..
1885
112-137
135
Piecework, quantity produced and wages for, in various
industries.
N. J ..
1886
164-177
138
Piecework, quantity produced and wages for, in various
industries.
Pig and bar iron, American, cost of production of, 1850-'74...
Pig iron and coal, production of (Germany), 1863-'82.
Pig iron and steel, world's production of .
Pig iron, cost of production of.
Pig iron, cost of production of (Great Britain).
Pig iron, cost of production of (Pennsylvania), 1849, 1873-'80..
Pig iron, cost of production of (Wales and Scotland), 1848..
Pig iron, imports of, into United States, 1871-'77
Pig iron, labor cost per ton in making.
Pig iron, prices of, 1879, 1880...
Pig iron, prices of, 1869-'75
N. Y.
1885
32-59
150
Pa
Pa...
1873-74
288, 289
187
U. S..
1885
53
219
U. S..
1890
23-25
231
U. S
1890
35-105
231
U. S
1890
97-99
231
U. S
1890
92.93
231
U. S
1890
•
88,89
231
Ohio..
1877
45
162
·
U. S.
1890
75-83
231
Ohio..
1880
1106-1109
170
Pa.
1874-75
338
189
Pig iron, prices of, Philadelphia, 1842-'73.
Pig iron, prices of, Philadelphia, 1870-'85.
Pa..
1873-74
290
187
U. S
Pig iron, production of, by establishments
Pig iron, prices of, Pittsburgh.
Pig iron, prices of, United States and Great Britain.
Pig iron, production of, 1870, '72……..
Pig iron, production of, 1854-'90...
Pig iron, production of, in the state and United States.
Pig iron, production of (United States), 1872, '80....
Pillsbury mills, account of cooperative profit-sharing in
Pilotage of port of New York, law relating to (amended)
Pilots, law relating to .
Pinkerton detectives, public sentiment against.
Pittsburgh, commerce and manufactures of, consideration.
and statistics of.
Pittsburgh, industries of, statistics of.
Pa..
1885
1873-74
69
219
294-297
187
U. S..
Pa.
U.S..
1890
1872-73
103-105
231
224
183
1890
16
231
U. S
1890
35-37
231
Pa..
1882-83
9-13
203
Pa.
1879-80
38-40
199
Minn
1887-88
233-238
106
N. Y..
1889
• •
788, 789
155.
N. J
1885
382,383
137
Colo.. 1889–90
31-37
16, 17
Pa.... 1875-76
97-181
191
Pa... 1872-73
279-291
184
--
Planing and sawmills, returns of
Ohio..
1882
281-287
173
Planing mills, returns of..
Ohio..
1880
1259-1261
170
Planing mills, returns of
Ohio.
1884
122-134
174
•
Plasterers', etc., union, of Omaha, constitution of
Nebr.. 1887-88
64, 65
122
Platform of Knights of Labor
Cal ..
1885-86
17, 18
9
Platform of Knights of Labor
N. J
1887
73-75
140
Plating, wages of employés in, by occupation.
Conn
1888
63-65
19
"Pluck me" stores. (See Company stores.)
Plumbers', etc., union of Omalia, constitution of
Nebr
1887-88
64, 65
122
Plumbing and drainage in Rochester, law relating to
N. Y..
1887
717,718
153
Plumbing, drainage, and ventilation in Albany, law relat-
ing to.
N. Y.
1889
783, 784
155
Police, district, law relating to..
Mass
1890
74,75
94
Police officers, district and other, law relating to (Massachu
setts).
N. Y ..
1884
424
149
Police [peace] officers, special, law prohibiting appointment
of non-citizens as.
N. J
1890
470
146
Police [peace] officers, special, law prohibiting appointment
of non-citizens as.
Ohio..
1886
344, 345
178
Police [peace] officers, special, law prohibiting appointment
of non-citizens as.
Ohio..
1890
*39, 40
181
Police [peace] officers, special, law prohibiting appointment
of non-citizens as (N. J.).
Colo.
1889-90
31, 32 16, 17
Police statistics
Mass
1882
256-201
81
Polls in the state, statistics of
Mass
1885
123-225
90
Polls, males not, in the state..
Mass.
1885
135-189
90
Polls, number of, assessment of property and rate of taxation,
by counties.
Ind... 1889-90
252, 253
41
Polls, number of taxable..
Ind...
1883
118-120
36
Polls, voters, and votes cast, statistics of…….
Mass.
1882
168-182
81
of study in.
Pool and billiard rooms, law relating to.
Polytechnic school of Washington University, yearly course
Poor adults, binding out of, law relating to.
Mo...
1881
20-34
110
N. J
1885
397
137
R. I...
1888
199-203
216
Poor adults, binding out of, law relating to (Rhode Island)
Poor [alms] houses, statistics of...
N. Y..
1884
439
149
+
Pa..
1872-73
187-190
183
Poor [alms] houses, statistics of
Poor, asylums for the. (See Asylums, poor.)
Pa..
1873-74
140, 147
180
* Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS
331

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Page.
this
book.
Poor, conditions of the
Mass
1873
406-439
70
Poor, education of the, law relating to
Poor, food of the, Boston
Poor law, extracts from..
Poor, of the state, statistics relating to.
-
dren in, statistics of.
Poor, relief of the, law relating to..
Poor, the, statistics of
Poorhouses, statistics of...
Poorhouses, statistics of...
N. J
1885
389
137
Mass.
1886
320-322
88
N.J..
1883
419-422
134
Me
1887
147, 148
58
Poor, reformatory and other institutions, employment of chil-
N. Y..
1886
90-93
151
N. J
1885
384, 385
137
N.J
1883
371-444
134
Kans
1887
29-68
51
Mich
1884
187
97
Popular vote for governor and President. by counties.
Population and financial condition of certain cities of the
state, 1880, 1885.
Population and number of owners of real estate, compared
Population and value of property of cities and towns
Population, comparative, of the state, by minor civil divi-
sions, 1880, '90.
Population, consideration of
Ind..
1887-88
320, 321
40
N.J..
1886
401
140
Mich
1885
371-404
98
Ind..
1887-88
145-148
40
N.J.. 1890
342-355
146
Pa.... 1872-73
1-28
182
Population, effect of female labor on (Europe)
Population, foreign, consideration of..
·
Population, increase of, in manufacturing centers
Population of Boston, 1875, 1890, 1891
Population of the state, 1870 and 1880
Population of the state, by counties
Population of the state, by counties
N. Y.
1890
81-85
155
Md.
1887
14-20
64
Mich
1884
182-184
97
Mass
1891
527-546
96
Population of principal cities and towns of the state.
Pa.... 1873-74
43
185
Ma
1885
32,33
63
N. D
Population of the state, by counties, 1790–1870...
Population of the state, by counties and nationalities, 1870..
Population of the state, by counties and subdivisions (United
States Census).
Population of the state, erroneously given in United States
Census of 1890.
Population of the state, in census years from 1800-'90.
Population of the state, in census years from 1790-1880
Population of the state, statistics of
Population of the state, statistics of, 1880, 1885, 1890
Population of the world, by countries
Population of United States, by states.
1889-90
Pa.... 1879-30
Pa... 1873-74
Pa. 1872-73
Pa.... 1880-81
187-189
161
6, 7
198
7, 8, 41, 42
185
26, 27
182
180-254
201
Ind... 1889-90
19-22
41
Ind..
1889-90
482-484
42
N.J..
1881
173
130
Me...
1890
216
62
Mass
1890
113-172
94
-
Pa.... 1873-74
Pa.... 1880–81
36-38
185
255.256
201
Population of United States, by states and territories, in
Pa. 1873-74
29,40
185
census years, 1790-1870.
Population of United States, by states and territories, in
Pa.... 1879-80
264, 265
200
census years, 1800-1880.
Population of United States, density of
Ind... 1883
410, 411
38
Population of United States, statistics of (United States Cen-
sus, 1880).
Ohio.
1881
227-236
173
Population of various countries, 1870, 1890.
Mich
1892
392
105
Population, productive and unproductive.
Mass
1878
259-262
Population, ratio of voters, polls, and school children, by
by
Ind..
1880
228-265
counties.
Population, statistics of
Ill...
·
1881-82
XXI-LVT
Postal guide of the state.
N.D..
1889-90
223-226
162
Potters, lockout of, at East Liverpool, account of………
Ohio
1882
60-65
173
Pottery and earthenware industry, capital invested, value of
products, etc., in.
Ohio..
1890
79
2580 225
24
181
Pottery, earthenware, etc., industries. returns of ….
Ohio ….
1882
49-60
173
Pottery industry, consideration of.
N.J
1878
226-240
126
Pottery industry, consideration and statistics of.
N. J
1883
223-280
133
Pottery industry, effect of occupation in, on health and trade
life.
N.J
1889
39-193
144
Pottery industry, statistics of
N. J
1881
160-164
130
Pottery industry, statistics of
NJA
1882
27
131
Pottery industry, statistics of
N. J
1884
26, 27, 196-219
134
Pottery industry, statistics of
N. J
1886
-
152-157
138
Pottery industry, statistics of
Pa.
1884
153
205
Pottery industry, value of products.
N. J
1880
109-111
128
Pottery industry, wages of employés in.
·
N.J..
1880
110-112
128
Pottery industry, wages of employés in.
N. J
1883
78, 276-280
133
Pottery, stone, and glass industries, statistics of...
N. J
1879
112-115
127
Poverty, consideration of ..
Mass
1871
531-538
Poverty, the leading fact in the labor movement, considera-
tion of.
Mass
1873
406-439
82
68
70
Powder consumed in hand and machine mining
Ill
1887-88
346-350
31
Powder, consumption of, in coal mines, statistics of.
Power, amount of, used in establishments reporting
Power, motive, used in various industries.
Power used and capital invested in flouring mills
Power used and capital invested in flouring mills
Power used and capital invested in flouring mills
Power used and capital invested in flouring mills.
Power used and capital invested in flouring mills.
Price, average, of petroleum, per barrel ….
Ill
1889-90
294-296
32
Wis.. 1887-88
238, 229
238
Mass
1877
139-151
75
Kans
1885
176-186
49
Kans
1886
375-385
51
Kans
1887
195-205
52
Kans
1888
71-87
53,54
Kans
1889
68-79
54, 55
Pa.
1882-83
21 |
204
332
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
}
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Price lists of Western Iron and Nail Association, 1864-'80 ...
Prices and cost of living, in the state and Great Britain, 1860-|
'83.
Ohio..
1880
1125
170
Mass.
1884
435-469
85
Prices and rents of farm lands.
Μο
1879
29-33
109
Prices-and rents of farm lands..
Ohio..
1877
313-315
163
-
Prices and wages, consideration of, by Carroll D. Wright and
Charles F. Pidgin.
N.J..
1882
69-75
131
Prices and wages, laws relating to..
Conn
1887
71-94
18
Prices and wages, statistics of..
Mass
1885
103-469
85, 86
Prices, average daily, paid for convict and free labor.
Prices, bills of, of shoemakers and tailors, Milwaukee….
U.S..
1886
200-215
221
Wis
1885-86
283-295
237
Prices, comparative, and cost of living, in the state and Great
Britain.
Mass
1885
144-157
85, 86
Prices, contract, of convict labor in various states..
Prices, export, of commodities, 1855-'85....
Mo
1891
714
U.S.
1885
74, 75
122
219
Prices for labor, scale of. (See Scale of prices for labor.)
Prices of agricultural implements. (See Agricultural imple-
ments.)
Prices of anthracite coal. (See Coal.)
Prices of bar iron.
(See Bar iron.)
Prices of boots and shoes.
(See Boots and shoes.)
Prices of coal. (See Coal.)
:
Prices of coke. (See Coke.)
Prices of commodities. (See Commodities, prices of.)
Prices of corn. (See Corn, prices of.)
Prices of cotton and cotton textiles. (See Cotton and cotton
textiles.)
Prices of cotton yarn. (See Cotton yarn, prices of.)
Prices of farm implements. (See Farm implements, prices of.)
Prices of farm products. (See Farm products, prices of.)
Prices of farm stock. (See Farm stock, prices of.)
Prices of food. (See Food, prices of.)
Prices of finished bar iron. (See Bar iron, prices of.)
Prices of fuel. (See Fuel, prices of.)
Prices of grain. (See Grain, prices of.)
Prices of iron and steel. (See Iron and steel, prices of.)
Prices of iron. (See Iron, prices of.)
Prices of labor, produce, etc., 1640, 1641, 1774, and 1777 ..
Prices of land. (See Land, prices of.)
Prices of mess beef and pork, New York, 1823-'80
Prices of oil [petroleum] (See Petroleum, prices of.)
Prices of pig iron. (See Pig iron, prices of.)
Prices of provisions, and wages, 1860, 1872, 1878 ..
Conn
1887
84-94
18
Ind
1881
176, 177
35
·
·
Mass..
1879
59-95
77
Prices of slate. (See Slate, prices of.)
Prices of steel rails. (See Steel rails, prices of.)
Prices of various kinds of carpet. (See Carpets, prices of.)
Prices of various kinds of food. (See Food, prices of various
kinds of.)
Prices of wheat. (See Wheat, prices of.)
Prices of wood and coal. (See Wood and coal, prices of.)
Prices paid for convict labor. (See Convict labor.)
Prices paid for labor in St. Louis House of Refuge..
Mo..
Prices paid for labor of inmates of house of correction, etc
Prices paid for rent. (See Rent, prices paid for.)
Prices per ton paid for mining coal. (See Coal mining.)
Prices, scale of, printers', Milwaukee
Principles and aims of Knights of Labor.
1880
Mich. 1887
236, 237
110
29-38
100
Wis
1887-88
90-104
238
Ohio..
Printers' Protective Fraternity, National, history, and statis-
tics of.
Conn
1885
1891
28, 20
176
1441, 1442
22
Printers' scale of prices, Milwaukee..
Wis.
1887-88
99-104
238
Printing, public, law relating to...
Prison congress, report of
Printing and lithographing industry, capital invested, value
f products, etc., in.
Printing and publishing industry, history and statistics of ….
Printing and publishing industry, statistics of……..
Printing and publishing industry, wages and hours of labor
of employés in.
Printing and publishing industry, wages of employés in.
Printing industry, returns of.
Prison [convict] labor. (See Convict labor.)
Prison Ïabor reform commission, law establishing
Prison-made goods brought into the state, labeling of, law
relating to.
Prison-made goods, opinions of manufacturers relating to..
Prison, state, law relating to
Ohio..
1890
63-67
181
Pa...
Pa..
N. Y..
1884
122-127
205
1885
93-96
207
...
1890
231-245
155
Pa...
1872-73
401-404
185
Ohio..
1882
20-25
173
N. Y..
1887
732
153
Mich
1887
120-204
100
N. Y..
1887
725-727
153
N. Y..
1887
759-760
153
Mich
N. Y..
1887
93-125
100
·
1889
786, 787, 790-
155
792, 805
Prison statistics
Cal
1887-88
200-203
Prison statistics..
Ind...
1883
348-350
Prison statistics.
Ind...
1884
472,473
•
Prisous, county, statistics of ..
Prisons [penal institutions.] (See Penal institutions.)
Pa.. 1873-74
- ·
134, 135
186
25 2588
12
37
38
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
333

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State. Year.
Page.
book.
Pa.... 1872-73
182-186
183
N. Y..
1884
386
149
1887
731
153
1887-88
161-164
238
1877
68
162
+
J.
Ohio..
1879
10-13
127
1877
70-72
162
Mich
1985
405-409
98
U.S
1885
90-141
219
Mass
1878
259-262
76
Mo.
1885
98
114
Prisons, penitentiaries, and reformatory institutions, statis-
tics of.
Prisons, state, manufacture of hats in, law prohibiting
Processions and parades, law relating to.
Product, daily, of hand or machine labor in varions industries.
Product daily, of iron furnaces, in Hocking Valley region...
Production, agricultural, possible, of the state, consideration of
Production and importation into the United States of steel
rails, in certain years.
Production, cooperative. (See Cooperative production.)
Production, cost of. (See Cost of production.)
Production in agriculture, manufactures and mining.
Production of coal. (See Coal.)
Productions, variation in cost of, as a cause for industrial de-
pression.
Productive and unproductive population
Productive capacity of operatives in textile industries, com-
pared.
Products, amount and value of, etc., in coal mining. (See Coal
mining.)
Products, amount and value of, etc., of founderies and machine
shops. (See Founderies and machine shops.)
Products, amount and value of, etc., in iron industry. (See
Iron industry.)
Products, amount and value of, etc., in lead and zinc industries.
(Sce Lead and zinc industries.)
Products, amount and value of, etc., of lumber industry. (See
Lumber industry.)
Products, amount and value of, etc., of rolling mills. (See
Rolling mills.)
Products, amount of, of coal mines. (See Coal mines, pro-
ducts of.)
Products, amount of, of cotton and woollen mills. (Sce Cot-
ton and woollen mills.)
Products, amount of, of founderies. (See Founderies.)
Products, amount of, of lumber industry. (See Lumber in-
dustry.)
N. Y.
Wis
Ohio
N. J
Products, amount of, of rolling mills. (See Rolling mills.)
Products, amount of, of tanneries. (See Tanneries.)
Products, amount of, of textile industries. (Sce Textile in-
dustries.)
Products, and capital invested, etc., in coal mining
Mo
Products and capital invested in manufactures, statistics of, by Ill
counties and industries, 1850, 1860, 1870.
1884
1879-80
273-299
113
20
Products and capital invested in various industries..
Products and capital invested in various industries.
Products and character of coal mines...
Me
Products and materials, value of, capital invested, wages
paid, etc., in various industries.
Products and materials, value of, capital invested, wages
paid, etc., in various industries, 1884, 1885.
Products and wages in various industries, employers' returns of
Products, annual, of cotton mills
1887
Me...
1888
Mo... 1888
Ohio.. 1889
Ohio.. 1885
I... 1879-80
N.C..
121-127
149-160
125
86-135
151-156
118
180
22 8808
60
176
1887
123-156
144-147
157
Products, farm. (See Farm products.)
Products in varions industries..
Ill
-
Products marketed, amount and value of, 1890.
Μο
1881-82
1891
Products of agriculture. (See Farm products.)
Products of, and materials used in various industries, value of N.J
Products of coal mines. (See Coal mines, products of.)
1882
7-105, 126-245
71-154
351-400
120
132
Products of coal mines and net receipts of miners, statistics of
Products of convict and free labor, value of, percentage of,
Ill
1889-90
LVI-LVIII
U.S..
1886
192-199
in certain industries.
Products of convict labor, value of, 1887..
1887-88
Products of farms, statistics relating to
Nebr
Nebr 1887-88 345–349, 379–386
342
25 22 22 22
24
Products of flouring mills. (See Flouring mills.)
Products of mines. (See Mines, products of.)
Products of the state, statistics of..
Wis
1883-84
Products of various industries, value of
Mo
1891
Products, relation of wages and materials to
Cal
1883-81
210-226
155-322
237-243
236
121
8
Products, value of, and capital invested in all industries, by
counties.
N.J...
1878
279
126
Products, value of, etc., in breweries. (See Breweries.)
Ohio..
1877
194-228
163
Products, value of, etc., in certain industries, in certain years,
Cincinnati.
Products, value of, etc., in coal mining. (See Coal mining.)
Products, value of, etc., in cotton and woollen mills. (See Cot-
ton and woollen mills.)
Products, value of, etc., in cotton mills. (Sec Cotton mills.)
Products, value of, etc., in establishments considering the
tariff beneficial or detrimental.
Wis..
Wis... 1883-84
247--252
236
334- SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
、
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Products, value of, etc., in furniture industry. (See Furnituro
dustry.)
Products, value of, etc., in glass industry. (See Glass in-
dustry.)
Products, value of, etc., in granite industry
Products, value of, etc., in hat industry.
Me..
N.J.. 1887
1889
15
60
338, 339
141
Products, value of, etc., in iron industry. (See Iron industry.)
Products, value of, etc., in leather industry.
(See Leather in-
dustry.)
Products, value of, etc., in lumber industry. (See Lumber in-
dustry.)
Products, value of, etc., in manufacturing industries, 1880,
1885.
Products, value of, etc., in paper industries. (See Paper in-
dustry.)
Products, value of, etc,, in pottery industry. (See Pottery in-
dustry.)
Products, value of, etc., in silk industry. (See Silk industry.)
Products, value of, etc., in tanueries. (See Tanneries.)
Products, value of, etc., in textile industries.
dustry.)
(Sec Textile in-
Products, value of, etc., in tobacco factories. (Sec Tobacco
factories.)
Nebr.. 1887-88
350-353
122
་
Products, value of, etc., in woollen mills. (See Woolen mills.)
Products, value of, etc., in various industries
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries..
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries..
Products, value of, etc., in various industries, by counties
Products, value of, etc., in various industries, by counties.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries, by counties.
Products, value of, etc., in various industries (Census, 1870)…….]
Products, value of, etc., of founderies and machine shops. (See
Founderies and machine shops.)
Cal.
1883-84
129
7
Conn
1891
20-23
22
Kans
1885
230-247
49
Kans
1886
375-418
51
-
Kans
1887
210-250
52, 53
Kans.
1888
96-139
54
•
Kans
1889
14-196
54, 55
Mass
1883
243-375
83
N.J
1879
104-156
127
N. J
1880
75-156
128
Μο
1890
54-81
119
Ohio
1880
1130-1294 169,170
Ohio ..
1887
79-136
179
Ohio
1888
253-257
180
Pa...
1882-83
73-94
203
Pa.
1885
30-120
206
R. I...
1888
108-113
215
Wis
1883-84
177-207
236
N.C
1887
52-60
156
N. C
1888
148-169
157
N.C
Pa……..
1890
126-129
159
1872-73
47-84
182
Products, value of, etc., in jewellery industry. (See Jewellery
industry.)
Professional and other occupations, classifications of..
Mass
1874
205-212
Professional men [clergymen and school teachers], statistics of. Mass
Professional statistics
1874
21-27 |
Ind...
1879
441
322
71
71
33
Profits and earnings. (See Earnings and profits.)
Profits and losses in corn growing, 1880-'89
Iowa.. 1890-91
14, 15
47
Profits and losses in farming. (See Farming.)
Profits and losses of mauufacturers, by industries
Profits and wages, consideration of
Ill.. 1883-84
Conn
121
25, 26
1885
1-43
17
Profits, capital, and debts of manufacturing establishments
Mass
1882
241, 242
81
in Fall River, Lowell, and Lawrence.
Profits, capital, and wages in manufactures.
Profits, capital, values, and cost in various manufactures.
Profits, capital, values, and cost in various manufactures.
Profits, in various industries.
Conn. 1888
Conn
35-44
19
1889
67-87
20
Conn. 1890
40-43
21
Mich
1885
408-410
99
·
Profits, net, in manufacturing industries.
Mass
1890
259-630
95
Profits of packing houses.
Pa..
1890
39a-43a
211
Profits on various articles.
Mass
1882
432-459
$2
Profit-sharing and cooperation. (See Cooperation and profit
sharing.)
Profit sharing at Stamford, plan of…….
Conn.
1890
223-241
21
Profit-sharing, consideration of
Conn.
1887
342-344
19
-
Profit-sharing, consideration of
Kans
1886
437-446
51
Profit-sharing, consideration of
Mo...
1886
166-169
115
Profit-sharing, cooperativo, in Pillsbury mills, account of.
Profit-sharing, in addition to wages, in several states..
Minn. 1887-88
233-238
106
-
Mass
1886
171-189
87
Profit-sharing in the state
Mass
1889
205-277
01
Profit-sharing in United States and Europe, consideration of. Mass
1886
158-235
87
Profit-sharing, law relating to
Conn
1887
262
19
Profit-sharing offered by Ara Cushman Company
Me..
1888
165-170
60
Profit-sharing through stock-owning in the state.
Mass .
1886
189-229
87
Profit-sharing without wages in the state fisheries.
Mass
1886
166-171
87
Prohibitory law and local option, vote on, 1854, 1873, compared.
Pa...
1872-73
303, 304
184
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU KEPORTS.
335
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Page.
this
book.
Promissory notes maturing on holidays. (See Commercial
paper.)
Property and earnings, personal, exemption of, from execu-
tion. (See Exemption.)
Property, assessed valuation of. (See Assessed valuation of
property.)
Property, assessment of, rate of taxation, and number of polls, Ind...
by counties.
1889-90
252-253
41
Property, exemption of. (Sce Exemption.)
Property holders. (See Owners of land.)
Property of married women, law relating to
N.J... 1885
368
137
Property of married women, law relating to
N.J... 1891
74
146
Property or wages, attachment of, law relating to.
Property, per capita valuation of.....
N. J...
Pa…….
Property, personal and real, employés owning, statistics of.
Mass
1885
1873-74
1882
362. 363
137
7,8 |
185
296, 299
82
Property, personal, exemption of. (See Exemption.)
Property [real estate], employés owning, number of, in vari N. J...
1880
76-155
ous industries.
Property [real estate], workingmen owning, number of.
Property, value of, of cities and towns
N.J...
1879
88-155
Ind
1887-88
145-148
Prosperity, comparative, and nationality of farmers
Protection of consumers, government supervision for
Protection of employés, law relating to
Mich
1888
89-388
Conn
1887
95-115
Mich
1892
433
106
Protective, benevolent, and charitable institutions for women
and girls.
Protection of railroad property and employés, law relating to.
Conn
1887
275
Cal ..
1887-88
94-97
Protective, benevolent, and charitable iustitutions for work-
ingwomen, account of.
Mo..
1891
496-579
Protective unions, workingmen's, consideration of
Mo..
1890
*36-40
Provisions, etc., increase of cost of, 1861–1873……..
Mass
1874
258,259
-
Provisions, etc.. prices of, and purchase power of money.
Prud'hommes, conseils des, establishment of
Mass
1874
161-200
Kans
Prud'hommes, law establishing council of, at Geneva, Switz-
erland.
Colo.
1885
1887-88
81.82
500-510
·
Public debt. (See Debt, public.)
Public buildings secured against mechanics' liens, law relat-
ing to.
Mass.
1890
26
སྲྀ བྲཱཧེཎྜཝ་ྲའཛ ནྲྀ སྐྱུeཋི
128
127
40
101
18
19
11
121
119
72
71
48
16
Public indebtedness, statistics of ..
Ill
Public institutions and families, expenses per capita in, com-
pared.
Public institutions, total and per capita expenses of…...
Public lands. (See Lands, public.)
1881-82
Ohio.. 1895
Ohio.. 1886
249-257
24
97
176
231-237
178
Public roads. (See Roads, public.)
Public schools. (See Schools, public.)
Public works, cost of……..
Public works, wages of employés on, law relating to.
Public works, wages of employés on. law securing to
Pullman, Illinois, history and description of.
Pullman, Illinois, investigation of
Pullman, Illinois, investigation of
Pullman, Illinois, investigation of
Pullman, Illinois, investigation of
Pullman, Illinois, investigation of
Pullman, Illinois, investigation of
Pullman, Illinois, investigation of
Pullman, Illinois. investigation of
Pullman, Illinois, investigation of
Pullman, Illinois, investigation of
Public works, Milwaukee, wages of laborers on, law protect-
ing.
Public works, Milwaukee, wages of laborers on, law protect Wis
ing.
Pa... 1873-74
Wis..
64-68
186
1883-84
173, 174
236
1885-86
12-14
237
Mass.
N. J.
1891
1890
XXIII, XXIV
95
272-274
146
Iowa 1884-85
105-122
43
Ill... 1883-84
638-654
28
Kans
1885
29-32
48
•
Mass
1885
1-26
85
-
Mich
1885
424-438
99
Μο
1884
27-50
112
N. J..
1881
297-323
135
N. Y..
•
1884
357-374
149
Ohio..
1884
299-314
176
Pa....
1884
165-188
206
Wis
1881
263-286
237
•
Punishments and arrests. (See Arrests and punishments.)
Purchase of commodities by workingmen
Purchase power of a day's wages in the state and Europe,
compared.
Mass
1879
90-95
77
Wis.. 1888-89
167-176
239
Purchase power of blacksmiths' wages (Wisconsin and Eu-
rope).
Iowa 1888-89
385
46
•
Purchase power of money, 1860, 1872, 1878
•
Mass
1879
87
Purchase power of money, 1860, 1872, 1878. 1881
Mass
1882
430
Purchase power of money in certain years in the state and
Great Britain.
Mass
1884
440-443
Purchase power of money, prices of provisions, etc., in the
state and foreign countries.
Mass
1874
161-200
Purchase power of wages in the state and England.
Mass
1872
469-538
FOZ E 8
77
82
84
71
69
Q.
Quarries and mines, statistics of.
"Quarries, granite, wages of employés in
•
Ind..
Mo
1883
1889
358-362
132-134
37
118
* Volume I.
336
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
i
Subjects.
Quarries, slate, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Quarries, stone, wages paid at
Quarry [stone] industry, statistics of.
R.
Bureau report.
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Pa...
1872-73
265
184
Colo 1887-88
Mich.
291
16
1889
63-83
102
Raids on Chinese in New York by police..
Colo.. 1889-90
52-54
17
Railroad accidents. (See Accidents, railroad.)
Railroad beneficiary institutions description of..
Railroad conductors, inexperienced, employment of, law pro-
hibiting.
U.S
1889
Ohio.. 1890
22-42
230
*
50, 51
181
Railroad corporations and employés, relation of, considera-
tion of.
U.S..
1889
19-57
230
Railroad corporations to join certain relief societies, law au-
thorizing.
Mass
1890
49,50
94
Railroad employés, actual and theoretical condition of, by
occupations.
U.S..
1889
147-162
230
Railroad employés, actual and theoretical number of, com-
pared by occupations.
U.S..
1889
161
230
Railroad employée, average annual wages of.
Mo
1883
129-134
112
Railroad employés, average hours of labor and wages of.
Railroad employés, average wages of....
Pa...
1875-76
831-860
192
Ohio..
1888
214-219
179
Railroad employés, consideration and statistics of
Kans.
1891
37-117
57
Railroad employés, hours of labor of. (See Hours of labor of
railroad employés.)
Railroad employes, hours of labor and wages of. (See Wages
and hours of labor of railroad employés.)
Railroad employés, hours of labor [tours of duty] of.
U.S
1889
163-165
230
Railroad employés, law relating to....
N. J
1885
416-418
137
Railroad employés, law relating to.
Railroad employés, liability of, law relating to.
Railroad employés, monthly wages of. (See Wages, monthly,
of railroad employés.)
Ohio ..
1890
*48-52
181
Conn..
1887
275
19
Railroad employés, number and wages of.
Me
1891
131-136
62
·
Railroad employés, number and wages of .
Wis 1883-84
223-226
236
Railroad employés, number of, by occupation..
U.S..
1889
61-68
230
Railroad employés, protection of, law providing for.
Mass
1890
29, 30
94
Railroad employés, relief association. (See Relief association,
railroad employés.)
Railroad employés. statistics of.
Cal.
1883-84
218-223
8
Railroad employés, statistics of
Railroad employés, statistics of
Railroad employés, statistics of
Railroad employés, statistics of
Railroad employés, statistics of
Railroad employés, statistics of
Colo
1887-88
294, 295
16
Ill..
1881-82
355-365
25
-
Ohio..
1877
281-297
163
Ohio ..
1879
187-190
168
Ohio..
1880
1355-1357
171
-
•
Ohio..
1886
212. 213
178
Railroad employés, statistics of, in the state and Europo
Railroad employés, strikes of.
Mich.
1886
191-213
100
·
(See Strikes.)
Railroad employés, wages and annual earnings of. (See
Wages of railroad employés.)
Railroad employés, wages, annual earnings, and working
time of, by occupations.
U.S...
1889
· 108-879
231
Railroad employés, wages and hours of labor of. (See Wages
and hours of labor of railroad employés.)
Railroad engines, coat of running.
Pa
1874-75
395-402
189
Railroad labor, statistics of .
U.S..
1889
61-881
229
Railroad laborers, wages of, law securing.
Railroad laborers, wages of, law securing.
Railroad lands, location and prices.
Railroad legislation..
Railroad management, consideration of
Mass
1890
11
94
N. Y ..
1884
•
397, 398
149
N.D..
1889-90
221
162
Conn
1887
162-214
19
Railroad, Pennsylvania, block system of, description of.
Railroad, Philadelphia and Roading, report of
Ohio.. 1877
Pa... 1875-76
Pa.. 1877-78
290-297
163
861, 862
192
543-556
196
Railroad relief associations, cousideration and statistics of……….
Railroad switches, better protection of, law providing for
Railroad Trainmen, Brotherhood of, history and statistics of
Railroads, aid to, statistics of……….
N.J.. 1888 140-157, 188–223 |
143
Minn
1889-90
367:
108
Conn
Ind...
1891
1890
283-292
22
416, 447
42
Railroads, contractors' and laborers liens against. (See Liens.)
Railroads, law relating to..
N. J
Railroads, length of, in the state
1891
Pa... 1874-75
69, 70, 88-91
411-413
146
189
Railroads, liability of. (See Liability.)
Railroads, new, aid to, by counties.
Ind...
1881
170-172
35
-
Railroads, new, aid to, by counties
Ind
1882
200-202
36
Railroads, new, aid to, by counties.
Ind'... 1885-86
398
39
Railroads, new, aid to, by counties
Ind..
1888
396, 397
40
Railroads, number of miles, built and in operation each year,
1830-1885.
U.S.
1885
68
219
Railroads, reports of.
Pa...
Railroads, reports of, as to treatment of their employés.
Railroads, statistics and taxation of (United States)
Railroads, statistics of
·
*
1875-76
Iowa 1888-89
831-867
192
213-231
46
Mich
Cal ..
1892
1885-86
305-319
105
67-79
9
*Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
337
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
State.
Year*
Pago.
this
book.

Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
-
-
-
-
1887-83
Ind.. 1889-90
Iowa.. 1884-85
XXXVII, 249-
264, 363-397
Ill
1879-80
215, 216
23
Ind... 1880
280, 281
34
Iud...
1881
345-388
35
Ind..
1882
167-203
36
Ind.
1883
201-228
37
Ind..
1884
277-300
38
Ind... 1885-86
381-409
39
Ind
LXXXII-
40
371-447
41
272-280
43
Railroads, statistics of
Iowa.. 1886-87
219-231
44
Railroads, statistics of
Iowa.. 1888-89
205-231
46
Railroads, statistics of
Kans
1885
261-266
49
Railroads, statistics of
Kans
1886
420-436
51
Railroads, statistics of.
Kans
1887
266-295
53
Railroads, statistics of
Kaus
1888
266-297
54
Railroads, statistics of
Kaus
1889
335-391
55
Railroads, statistics of.
Me.
1887
84-88
58
Railroads, statistics of .
Mich
1892
303.304
105
Railroads, statistics of
Mo..
1879
96-98
109
Railroads, statistics of.
Mo...
1883
129-134
112
Railroads, statistics of.
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Mo..
1884
91-114
112
Mo....
1885
167-177
114
Mo....
1887
97-122
116
Railroads, statistics of
Mo.
1888
139-169
118
Railroads, statistics of
N. J
1878
255-263
126
Railroads, statistics of .
N.C
1887
163-171
157
Railroads, statistics of .
Ohio..
1878
165-169
165
Railroads, statistics of
Pa.
1872-73
148-161
183
Railroads, statistics of.
Pa.
1873-74
88-93
186
"
Railroads, statistics of.
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
Railroads, statistics of
·
Pa..
1874-75
379-414
189
Pa..
1876-77
546-591
195
Pa...
1877-78
670-705 197
Pa.
1878-79
222-236
198
Pa.
1879-80
153-161
199
Railroads, statistics of .
Pa.
1880-81
146-157
201 --
Railroads, statistics of
Pa..
1890
35α
211
Railroads, statistics of.
R. I.
1888
112
215
Railroads, statistics of, comparative, 1871-82
Mich
1885
410
99
Railroads, successor, liability of, for wages of employés, laws
relating to.
Wis
1885-86
15
237
Rails, iron and steel, consumption of. 1855-'89
U.S
1890
20.21
231
Rails, steel, cost of production of, in United States and Europe.
Rails. steel, prices of, in United States and Great Britain,
1867-'90.
U. S
1890
161-177
232
U.S.
189C
178, 179
232
Railways, street. (See Street railways.)
Rainfall at various stations in the state, 1889.
Ramie and other fibre industries, consideration of.
N.D
1889-90
77
161
N. J
1880
157-176
128
Ramie and other fibre productions, consideration of.
Ramie and other fibre productions, statistics of....
Rank of different states in agriculture and manufactures.
Reading-rooms and libraries, public, law providing for.
Reading-rooms and libraries, public, law providing for.
Reading-rooms, libraries. etc., statistics of
N. J
1879
157-177
127
N. J
1882
175-209
131
Cal... 1883-84
244
8
Conn
1887
277
19
N.J
1889
434
144
Mass..
1289
237-264
91
Real and personal property, assessed valuation of. (See As-
sessed valuation.)
Real and personal property, ownership of..
Mass..
1873
223-242
Real estate, mortgages. (See Mortgage indebtedness.)
Real estate owned by workingmen, value of.
Mass
1870
408, 409
Real estate owned by workingmen, value of.
Mass
1871
446
2 88
70
68
Real estate owned by workingmen, value of.
Mass
1872
264
69
Real estate owned by workingmen, value of
Ohio.. 1879
239-241
169
Real estate owners. (See Owners of land.)
Real estate, ownership of, statistics of.
N.D.
1889-90
92,93
161
Real estate, valuation and ownership, Detroit, statistics of……….
Real estate, working men owning, number of, in various in-
dustries.
Mich
1892
220-238
105
N.J
1880
76-155
128
Real estate, workingmen owning, statistics of
Receipts and expenditures of the United States
N.J
1879
88-155
127
Ind... 1885–86
421
39
Receipts and expenditures of the United States, 1861-73
Pa...
1873-74
58,59
186
Recommended legislation. (See Legislation recommended.)
Redemption and foreclosure of mortgages, statistics of.
Refineries, oil, statistics of
Mich
1888
84.85
101
Pa.
1884
129, 130
205
Refineries, oil, statistics of ..
Pa.
1885
76.77
206
Reform and industrial schools, consideration of……
Reform school, state, law establishing
Colo.. 1887-88
463-480
16
Reformatorics and houses of correction, convict labor in, con-
tract prices of.
Reformatories, etc., employment of children in, by contract,
law relating to.
13400—
-22
N.J..
1885
Mich. 1887
385
137
29-38
100
N. Y..
1881
389
149
338
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
'State.
this
Year.
Page.
book.
Reformatory and penal institutions, statistics of
Reformatory institutions, consideration and statistics of ....
Reformatory institutions, contract labor of children in law re-
lating to (New York).
Reformatory institutions, statistics of
N. J.
1883
329-370
134
Pa.
1873-74
126-139
186
Md ..
1888-89
*44
66
Ind...
1883
352,353
37
Reformatory institutions, statistics of
Reformatory institutions, statistics of
Ind
1884
472, 173
38
Mich 1884
17-30
96
-
Reformatory institutions, statistics of
Reformatory institutions, statistics of
Reformatory, poor, and other institutions, employment of
children in, statistics of.
Registrar-general's office, proposition to establish
Registration of marriage, state regulations governing
Regulations of trades unions concerning apprentices.
Regulations, statutory, of states and territories, relating to
divorce.
Regulations, statutory, of states and territories, relating to
marriage.
-
Mich
Pa.. 1872-73
1887
27-41, 205-208
100
182-186
183
N. Y..
1886
90-98
151
Mich.
1889
260
102
U.S
1889
63, 64
226
Cal... 1887-88
215-218
12
U.S.. 1889
75-126
226
U.S..
1889
23-73
226
Relation of wages to cost of production.
Mass
1889
1-83
90
Relationship, prohibited degrees of, in marriage, regula. U.S..
tions of states and territories relating to.
1889
31-35
226
Relief appropriation, act of 1890..
N.D
1889-90
227
162
Relief association, railroad employés'
Md.
1886-87
33-45
64
Relief association, railroad employés', constitution and by.
Mass
1883
163-177
83
laws of.
Relief associations, railroad, consideration and statistics of...
Relief associations, railroad, description of...
N. J
1888
140-157, 188-223
143
U.S..
1889
22-12
230
Relief associations, railroad employés', consideration and sta- | Pa..
tistics of.
1890
1E-72E
212
Relief associations, railroad employés', report of legislative | Ohio..
committee on.
1890
*55, 56
181
Relief associations, workingmen's, by-laws, etc., of.
Pa.
1887
21B-46B
208
Relief funds for employés, in the state
Mass
1889
234-237
01
Relief of destitute, amount expended for, 1890..
N.D.. 1889-90
227
162
Relief of distress among workingmen, methods of
Pa...
1887
1B-4GB
208
Relief of the poor, law relating to.
N. J.
1885
384, 385
137
་
Relief societies of railroad and steamboat employés, law re-
lating to.
Mass
1890
40, 41
91
Relief societies, railroad corporations to join certain, law
authorizing.
Mass
1890
49,50
94
Relief societies, statistics of
Mass
1882
331-336
82
Relief society, workingmen's, rules and regulations of,
Religious denominations, statistics of. (See Churches.)
Religious, educational, and charitable institutions, statistics of
Remedies suggested for industrial depressions, consideration
of.
Remedy for evils of trusts and combinations
Rent and board of employés in agricultural-implement and
iron-working industries, statistics of.
Mo.
1885
22-24
113
N. D.. 1889-90
203-205
161
U.S.. 1885
264-289
220
Ohio..
1888
209, 210:
179
Mich
1891
3-451
104
Rent and board of employés, prices of
Mass
1889
277-282
91
Rent and food, cost of, Dundee, Scotland
Me
1889
94
61
Rent and fuel, cost of.
Ill..
1883-84
308-310
27
Rent, days of, for one dollar, in the state and foreign countries
Rent of houses and rooms and by whom paid
Mass
1874
199, 200
71
Mass
1876
38-258
73
Rent, per month, of employés in furniture industry, statistics
of. -
Mich.
1890
3-271
103
Rent, prices paid for..
Cal
1885-86
152
9
Rent, prices paid for
Ill.
Rent, prices paid for.
Pa...
1882
1882-83
292-346
25
112-115
204
-
Rent, prices paid for
R. I..
1887
48.51.55
214
·
Rent, prices paid for
U.S
1890
665-1375
233
-
Rent, prices paid for
U.S.
1891
1094
235
Rent, prices paid for
Wis
1885-86
444, 445
238
Rent, prices paid for, and assessed valuation of real estate,
compared, Boston..
Mass
1891
513-523
96
Rent, prices paid for, Boston.
Mass.
1891
366-512
96
Rent, prices paid for, by employés in various cities and towns.
Rent, prices paid for, by employés in various industries
Rent, prices paid for, by employés in various industries
Rent, prices paid for, by female employés.
Mo
1880
59-78
109
Pa..
1887
9H-11H
209
R. I...
1888
4-52
215
R. I...
1889
27-137
216
Rent, prices paid for, by miners.
Mo..
1889
283-287
118
Rent, prices paid for, by workingmon.
Ohio..
1883
137-161
174
Rent, prices paid for, by working women.
N. Y..
1885
71-80
150
Rent, prices paid for, in certain cities.
Kans
1891
195-198
57
Rent, prices paid for in foreign countries, United States con-
sular reports on.
Rent, prices paid for, in Minneapolis and Saint Paul.
Rent, prices paid for, in the state and foreign countries
Rent, prices paid for, in the state and Great Britain, 1883.
Ohio.. 1878
316-320
160
1874
Mass. 1884
Minn. 1889-90
Mass
342, 343
108
167-185
71
447-451
85
* Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
339

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Rent, prices paid for, in various towns, by counties.
Rent, prices paid for, per room, Boston
Pa....
1879-80
252-255
200
Mass
1891
366-507
95
Rent, statistics of..
Mass
1875
385-389
73
Renting [letting], law regulating (amended)
Renting or owning homes, number of coal miners
N. J ..
1887
350
141
Ohio..
1878
44-46
164
Renting or owning homes, number of employés (employers,
N.C..
1890
j24, 25, 70–94, 177–
159
and employés' returns).
214.
Renting or owning homes, number of employés in cotton and
N.C..
1891
162-199
160
woollen mills reporting.
Renting or owning homes, number of employés in various in-
dustries reporting.
Pa....
1887
9H-11H
200
Renting or owning homes, number of employés in various in-
R. I...
1888
4-52
215
dustries reporting.
Renting or owning homes, number of employés reporting,
by counties.
Renting or owning homes, number of employés reporting,
by counties.
N.C..
1887
16-31
156
N.C..
1888
8-54
157
Renting or owning homes, number of employés reporting.
N. C
1889
272-277
159
by counties.
Renting or owning homes, number of female employés report
ing.
R. I..
1889
27-137
216
Rents, amount paid, by working men, by occupations
Rents and earnings of workingmen in various cities..
Rents and prices of farm lands
Mich
1885
178-203
98
Ohio..
1877
306-310
163
Mo.
1879
29-33
109
Rents and prices of farm lands
Ohio
1877
313-315
163
Rents and wages, statistics of, Chicago
Ill
1881-82
349-351
25
Rents, annual, prices paid for, by employés in various indus-
tries (employés' returns).
N.C..
1889
272-277
159
Rents in various localities
Iowa
1884-85
293-295
44
Rents, reduction in, since 1872
Ohio..
1879
239
168
Rents rooms, and tenements, statistics of, Boston.
Mass
1891
6-579
95
Rents, statistics of ……….
Iowa.
1896-87
9-118
44
Residence condition of workingwomen, by cities and indus-
tries.
T.S
1888
326-350
225
Residence limitations for divorce, by states and territories.
Resources and advantages, agricultural, of the state, consid- N.J
D. S
1889
80-85
226
1879
1-21
127
eration of.
Resources of the state
Ind..
1880
5-15
33
Restraint and encouragement of marriage, legislation of states
and territories relating to.
U.S..
1889
26-28
226
Restriction of hours of labor, consideration of.
Me
1890
183-188
62
Revenue, amounts of, 1866-'75
Pa.
1874-75
149
188
Revenue from liquors, statistics of
N. J
1886
382
139
Revenue, state, amounts and sources of
Pa.
1872-73
115-118
182
Revenue, state, amounts and sources of
Pa.
1874-75
146, 147
188
Revenue, state, amounts and sources of
Pa.
1875-76
79.80 :
191
Revenue, state, amounts and sources of
Revenue, state, amounts and sources of
Revenue, state, amounts and sources of, 1872-174.
Pa.
1876-77
71, 73
194
Pa
1877-78
30
196
Pa.
1873-74
60, 380, 381 86. 188
Revenues of cities in the United States, sources of
Right of way of mining companies, law relating to
→
Ringing of bells and use of whistles and gongs, law permitting.
Riots and unlawful assemblies, law relating to
Roads, all kinds of, cost of construction of.
Roads, all kinds of, cost of construction of.
JII.
Mass
Iowa 1886-87
376, 383
45
1881-82
397,398
25
1890
41
94
--
Wis 1885-86
Ind...
362-367
237
1879
343-345
33
Ind.
1880
282-284
34
Roads and bridges, statistics of.
Ind
1879
340-342
33
Roads, public, consideration of
N. J
1880
209-2248
128
Roads, public, consideration of …….
N. C
1838
277-379
158
Roads, public, law relating to
N.C
1888
370-379
158
Roads, public, laws of various states relating to, digest of
N.C
1888
353-370
158
Roads, public, views of supervisors and others on methods of
working.
N.C
1889
143-242
158
Rochdale associations. etatistics of.
Me
1887
178-180
59
Rochdale Pioneers, history of.
Mo..
Rochdale Pioneers, bistory and statistics of
1885
Mass. 1886
44-49
114
59-62
$7
Rochdale Pioneers, history and statistics of
Wis
1885-86
51-53
287
Rolling mills, amount and value of products of.
Rolling mills, amourt and value of products of
Rolling mills, average wages of employés in..
Rolling mills, founderies, and machine shops, statistics of.... N. J
Rolling mills, products of, amount of
•
1885
Pa... 1880-81
Pa.. 1875-76
Pa.. 1878-79
634. 635
192
94-99
197
Pa.. 1875-76
587-633
192
8-16,60-73
135
36-40
201
Rolling mills, statistics of
Obio.. 1880
1110-1125
170
Rolling mills, statistics of.
Pa
1875-76
587-635
192
Rolling mills, statistics of
Pa.
1876-77
511-517
195
Rolling mills, statistics of
Pa
1877-78
634-667
197
Rolling mills, statistics of
Pa.
1878-79
82-110
197
Rolling mills, statistics of
Pa.
-1879-80
48-51
199
Rolling mills, statistics of
Pa...
1880-81
36-42
201
Rolling mills, statistics of
Pa.. 1882-83
6
203
Rolling mills, statistics of
Pa..
1884
95
205
Rolling mills, statistics of..
Pa.
1885
61
206
7
}
340
OF LABOR.
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER
Bureau report.
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Pago.
book.
Rolling mills, statistics of, by counties..
Rolling mills, statistics of, by counties
Rolling mills, statistics of and returns relating to
Rolling mills, wages of employés in
Rolling mills, wages of employés in
·
Rolling mills, wages of employés in, 1873-'81
Rolling mills, wages of employés in, 1873-'82
Roman Catholic church, practices and customs of, relating
to divorce.
Pa..
1874-75
312-323
189
Pa.. 1881-82
41
202
Ohio.. 1887
69-90
162
Pa... 1878-79
100-110
197
Pa...
1888
29C-35C
210
Pa.
1880-81
161
201
Pa..
1881-82
71
202
U.S..
1889
122, 123
226
Rooms, in tenements, number of
Ill
1882
349
Rooms in tenements, number of persons sbaring, Boston
Rooms, in tenements, number of persons sharing, Chicago
Rooms, number of, and prices paid for rent of.
Rooms, number of, in tenements, Boston
Mass
1891
6-365
Ill..
1882
349
Kans
1889
188-201
Mass
1891
6-359
Rooms, number of, occupied by workingmcu's families, by
occupations.
Mich
1885
166-199
Saamaw
25
95
25
56
95
98
Rooms, number of, occupied by workingwomen
Rooms, prices paid for rent of, Boston.
N. Y..
1885
71-80
150
Mass
1891
366-507
95
Rooms, rents, and tenements, statistics of, Boston.
Mass.
1891
6-579
95
Russia, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of
Russian "artels," consideration of...
Roumania, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of………
Royalties on mine products, consideration and statistics of.
Rules relating to duties, etc., of employés in mills.
Running time. (See Working time.)
U.S..
1889
1050, 1051
228
U. S
1890
100-102
231
Mass. 1882
224-228
81
U.S..
1889
1052-1059
228
-
Ohio..
1886
140-151
178-
S.
Sabbath-breaking, law relating to..
Safe deposit, etc., corporations, law relating to....
Safety and health of employés. (See Health and safety of em-
ployés.)
N. Y ..
N.J..
1887
766
153
1889
434-437
145
Safety and sanitary appliances in factories and shops. (See
Factories and shops.)
Safety appliances in hotels and public buildings, law requir
ing (Massachusetts)
R. I...
1888
195
216
Safety couplers for freight cars, law requiring.
Mass
1890
Safety lamps, air pressure, and ventilation in coal mines, con-
sideration of.
Pa.... 1875-76
45
466-470
191
Safety of employés in factories, law providing for.
Safety of employés in factories, law providing for
Safety of employés in factories, law providing for.
Safety of employés in factories, law providing for
Safety of employés in mines, law providing for..
Safety of employés in mines, law providing for
Safety of mines, law relating to
Mass. 1890
N. J
1888
N.J.. 1891
8-10, 41, 42
ཚངཚ
94
94
643-645
144
33-42
146
Ohio.. 1890
*21-24
181 /
Iowa 1890-91
247-252
48
-
Ohio..
1890
*3-13
181
Kans
1886
478-483
51
Safety of women and children employed in factories and
Pa....
1890
12-15
212
shops, law providing for.
Salaries and wages of employés in banks
Ind...
1879
284-289
33
Salaries paid by the state, the city of Detroit, and Wayne Mich 1884
county.
175-177
97
Sale of goods on instalments, law relating to
Ohio..
1888
261, 262
180
Sale of votes, law prohibiting.
Me
1889
155
61
Saloons, relation of, to pauperism, crime, and death, Camden
county.
N.J..
1883
422
134
Salt industry, capital invested in (United States Census 1870).
Sanitary and physical condition of working girls, Boston.
Sanitary and safety appliances in factories and shops. (Sce
Factories and shops.)
Ohio..
1877
237
163
Mass.
1884
58-75
83
Sanitary condition of factories and employés' homes..
Sanitary condition of factories and shops. (See Factories and
shops.)
N. Y..
1884
34-55
148
Sanitary condition of glass factorios.
N.J..
1889
30-33
144
Sanitary condition of homes and shops of workingwomen,
by cities and industries.
U. S
1883
395-483
225
Sanitary condition of laboring classes, Cincinnati
Ohio..
1878
287-292
166.
Sanitary condition of tenement houses, Cincinnati, health of
ficer's report on.
Ohio.
1879
235-238
168
Sanitary condition of textile-fabric manufactories.
Mass
1874
109-159
71
Sanitary condition of working people, consideration of
Sanitary condition of workingwomen's homes. (See Homies
of working women.)
Sanitary condition of workingmen's homes. (See Homes of
workingmen.)
Mass
1874
29-18
71
Sanitary drainage.
Ind.
1381
ΧΙΧ, ΧΧ
34
Sanitary measures, digest of English laws concerning.
Mass..
1874
156, 157
71
Sanitary provisions in factories and shops, law securing proper
Sanitary provisions in factories and shops, law securing proper.
Sanitary provisions in factories and shops, law securing proper
(Massachusetts).
Mass.
1890
57-59
94
N. J
1885
358-360
137
Minn.
1889–90
176-178
107
*Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
341
+
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Sanitary provisions in factories and shops, law securing proper
(Massachusetts).
R. I...
1888
185-187
216
Sanitary provisions in public buildings and school-houses, law
R. I...
1888
188-192
216
securing proper (Massachusetts).
Sanitary reports
Ind... 1879
455-483
33
Sanitary reports
Ind...
1880
319-368
34
Sanitary reports
Ind
1884
439-461
38
Sarpy county farm mortgages, statistics of.
Nebr. 1889–90
263-312
124
Saturday half-holiday, consideration and statistics of
N. Y ..
1890
442-487
156
Saving and investment associations of Milwaukee, objects
and achievements of.
Saving and building associations, legislation relating to, con-
sideration of.
Savings and loan associations, cooperative, law relating to....
Savings, average, of unskilled workingmen
Savings banks. (See Banks, savings.)
Savings, [building aud loan] associations. (See Building and
loan associations.)
Savings, etc., corporations, law relating to..
Savings, number of employés in various industries reporting.
Savings, number of employés in various industries reporting
Savings, number of employés in various industries reporting.
Savings of employés....
Conn.
1887
159, 160
19
Wis..
1883-84
135-138
236
N. Y..
Nebr
1887
1889-90
767-775
153
38-49
123
N.J..
1889
434-437
145
N.J
1883
XXVII. 4-29
133
N.J..
1884
XXV-65
134
N. J ..
1885
160-179
136
Mass
1882
214-218
81
-
Savings of workingmen in agricultural-implement and iron-
working industries.
Mich
1891
3-451
104
Savings of workingmen in furniture industry.
Mich
1890
3-303
103
Savings of workingmen, statistics of ...
Mass
1875
376-383
73
Savings of workingwomen, by occupations and cities.
Mich
1892
1-102
104
Saw and planing mills, returns of..
Ohio.. 1882
281-287
173
Saw works, Keystone, history and description of.
Pa....
1887
21E-35E
208
Saw works, Keystone, wages of employés in
Pa...
1887
25 E
208
Scale of prices for labor, adopted in iron and nail industries.
Scale of prices for labor, adopted in iron industry
Ohio.
1879
37-39
167
Ohio..
1878
89-94
164
Scale of prices for labor, adopted in nail and rolling mills ....
Scale of prices of Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel
Workers.
Ohio..
1880
1121-1125
170
Mass
1881
10-18
79
Scale of prices of printers, Milwaukee
Wis
1887-88
99-104
238
Scale of wages adopted by carpet weavers, Philadelphia, 1881 .
Scales of wages adopted by Amalgamated Association of Iron
and Steel Workers.
Pa..
1889
18D, 19D
211
Pa..
1887
15G-23G
209
Scales, standard, to be erected at anthracite coal mines, law
requiring.
Pa..
1879-80
434, 435
200
Scales, standard, to be erected at anthracite coal mines, law
requiring.
Pa.... 1880-81
590, 591
202
School age, by states and territories..
Minn
1889-90
64.65
107
School age, compulsory, law raising the.
Mags
1890
XXIX. XXX
91
School attendance and absentees, statistics of
R. I..
1889
174, 175
217
School attendance and child labor, consideration of ..
R. I...
1883
120-128
215
School attendance and education, consideration and statistics
of.
Minn
1889–90
11-153
107
School attendance and education, United States and foreign Minn 1889-90
countries, compared.
16
107
School attendance and labor, law relating to
R. I...
School attendance and labor, laws of the state (Connecticut
R. I...
1887
1888
89-101
215
174-213
216
and Massachusetts) relating to.
School attendance by counties
Minn. 1889–90
110-136
107
School attendance in certain cities in the state
Minn 1889-90
136-146 .107
School attendance, statistics of
Mass
1870
373-391
67
School attendance, statistics of
Mass
1873
391
70
School attendance, statistics of
School attendance, statistics of
+
N. Y..
1884
296-298
149
R. I...
1891
185-188
217
School attendance, statistics of, 1850, 1860, 1870...
School attendance, statistics of, (United States and Great
Britain).
Pa……..
Mich
1873-74
101
186
1885
61-69
98
School children, number of, by counties.
Ind
1880
228-265
34
-
School children, number of, by counties.
Ind
1882
164, 165
35
School children, number of, by counties.
Ind...
1883
332, 333
37
School children, number of, by counties..
Ind.
1884
428, 429
38
School, Gramercy Park and Tool-house Association, law in-
corporating.
N. Y..
1887
705, 706
153
School, industrial. (See Industrial school).
School of Industrial Art of Philadelphia, description of
and course of study in.
Pa....
1888
1E-11E
210
School of mines, law establishing.
Ohio..
1890
*14, 15
181
School, reform. (See Reform schools.)
School savings banks, suggestions on, by Oren W. Weaver..
Ո
al..
1879-80
210, 211
School savings banks, suggestions on, by Oren W. Weaver... Mass
School, state industrial. (See Industrial schools.)
1879
XV, XVI
School statistics.
Mass
1874
6,7
School supplies and text-books, free, law providing for.
Conn
1887
277
38 22
23
76
71
19
* Appendix.
342
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Page.
Page
- of
this
book.
School tax, amounts and rates of, by counties.
School tax, amounts and rates of, by counties.
School tax, amounts and rates of, by counties.
School tax, amounts and rates of, by counties.
School houses and public buildings, sanitary provisions and
ventilation in, law securing proper (Massachusetts).
Schooling and education of working children, statistics of.
Schooling and employment of children, law relating to..
Schooling and employment of children, law relating to..
Schooling and employment of children, law relating to.
Schooling and employment of children, law relating to...
Schooling certificates of children employed in factories, law
relating to.
Schooling certificates of children employed in factories, law
relating to (Massachusetts).
Schooling certificates of children employed in factories, law
relating to (Massachusetts).
Schools [academies and colleges], statistics of
Schools and manual training. (See Manuel training.)
Schools, apprentice. (See Apprentic schools.)
Schools, asylums, and homes, orphan, statistics of..
Schools, attendance of children in, law requiring.
Schools, attendance of children in, law requiring (Massachu-
setts).
Schools, average number of pupils enrolled in, by counties.
Schools, average number of pupils enrolled in, by counties
Schools, average wages of teachers in, by counties
Schools, consideration of
Pa...
1874-75
421-427
189
Pa...
1875-76
932-937
193
Pa.
1879-80
256,257 200
Pa...
1880-81
258,259 201
R. I...
1888
188-192
216
Mich
1887
244-263
101
Mass
1891
XXIV, XXV
95
R. I...
1887
96-99
215
·
R. I..
1889
214-217 ,217.
R. I...
1891
16-20
217
Mass.
1890
93
94
Minn. 1889-90
175
107
N. Y..
Pa.... 1872–73
1884
420-422
149
162-165
183
Pa... 1872-73-
166-174
183
R. I...
Minn.
1888
206-210
216
1889-90
170-172
107
Pa..
1875-76
932-937
193
•
Pa..
1880-81
258,259
201
-
Pa...
1874-75
421-427
189
Mass
1872
443-468
69
Schools, English half-time.
(See Half-time schools.)
Schools, evening. (See Evening schools.)
Schools, free text-books for, consideration of
R. I...
1887
72-88
214
Schools, half-time. (See Half-time schools.)
Schools in Prussia and Germany.
Mass
1872
558-565
69
Schools, industrial. (See Industrial schools.)
Schools, law providing for attendance of children in (Rhode
Md...
1888-89
*51-54
65
Island).
Schools, law relating to
N. J
1885
385-392
137
Schools, law relating to
N. J
1891
48-58
146
Schools, law relating to
N. Y..
1884
335-341
149
Schools, law relating to
Ohio..
1880
1295, 1296
172
Schools, law relating to
Ohio..
1881
247,248
173
Schools, law relating to (amended).
N. J..
1887
344.345
141
:
"
Schools, law relating to (Connecticut)
Schools, law relating to (Maine).
N. Y.
1884
404-410
149
N. Y..
1884
419
149
Schools, law relating to (New Hampshire)
Schools, law relating to (Ohio).
N. Y..
1884
426-130
149
-
N. Y
1884
435-437
149
Schools, law relating to (Rhode Island).
N. Y.
1884
442-445
149
Schools, manual training. (See Manual training.)
Schools, night. (See Night schools.)
Schools, number of pupils enrolled in, by counties.
Pa.
1874-75
421-427
189
Schools, number of pupils enrolled in, by counties.
Pa..
1875-76
932-937
193
Schools, public, advantages of, consideration of
Wis
1883-84
162-165
236
Schools, public, age of persons admitted to, law relating to.
Schools, public and normal, manual and industrial training in,
law relating to.
N. J
1888
641
144
N. Y..
1889
782, 783
155
Schools, public, and the labor question, consideration of..
Schools, public, and the labor question, consideration of
Schools, public, and the labor question, views of Prof. A.
Johnston on.
Μο
1886
337-343
116
N. J ..
1886
245-249
138
Ohio
1886
373-376
178
Schools, public, average salaries of teachers in
Ohio..
1879
170-173
168
Schools, public, manual training in, law relating to
N. J
1887
343
141
Schools, public, returns of workingmen on
N. C
1888
8-54
157
Schools, public, introduction of hand tools in, law relating to. Mass..
Schools, reform and industrial, consideration of..
1890
44
9-4
Colo
1887-83
463-480
16
Schools, reports of officers of.
Me
1888
162-165
GO
Schools, soldiers' orphan.
(See Soldiers' orphans' schools.)
Schools, statistics of
Cal
1883-84
202-204
8
→
Schools, statistics of
Ind..
1880
10, 11
33
Schools, statistics of
Ind
1881
313-321
35
Schools, statistics of
Ind
1882
158-165
35
Schools, statistics of
Ind
1883-
325-340
37
Schools, statistics of
Ind
1884
413-437
38
Schools, statistics of
Ind...
1885 86
1-250
39
Schools, statistics of
Schools, statistics of
Ind... 1889-90
289-296
41
·
Ill
1881-82
372-379
25
Schools, statistics of
Kans
1890
15-19
56
Schools, statistics of
Schools, statistics of
Schools, statistics of
Schools, statistics of
N. J.
N. D
Pa
1888
619-637
144
1889-90
191-199
161
-
1874-75
418-429
189
Pa...
1875-76
929-942
193
از
* Appendix.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
343
!
Schools, statistics of
Schools, statistics of
Subjects.
Schools, statistics of, and average monthly salaries of teach-
ers in.
Bureau report.
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Pa...
1879-80
256-261
200
Pa.... 1880-81
Ohio.. 1880
258-261
201
1311-1316
171
Ind.
N. Y..
1885-86
L
39
1881
447
149
Schools, statistics of, summary for the state.
Schools, statistics of (United States), 1882 .
Schools, technical. (See Technical schools.)
Schools, telegraph. (See Telegraph schools.)
Schools, trade. (See Trade schools.)
Schools, textile." (See Textile schools.)
Schools, trade and technical. (See Trade and technical
schools.)
Schoolteachers. average wages of
Ohio..
1880
1313-1316
171
Schoolteachers, average wages of
Pa.. 1874-75
421-427
189
Schoolteachers, average wages of, by counties
Pa..
1875-76
932-937
193
Schoolteachers, average wages of, by counties
Pa.
1879-80
256,257
200
Schoolteachers, average wages of, by counties
Pa
1880-81
258,259
201
Schoolteachers, female, average wages of
R. I
1889
146
216
Schoolteachers, number, and average wages of
Schoolteachers, number, and wages of
Ohio..
1879
170-173
168
Ind..
1881
313-315
35
Schoolteachers, number, and wages
of
Ind...
·1882
158. 159
35
Schoolteachers, number, and wages of
Ind..
1883
330, 331
37
Schoolteachers, number, and wages of
Ind
1884
416-419
38
Schoolteachers, number, and wages of
Schoolteachers, opinions of, regarding uniform text-books,
etc.
Schoolteachers, statistics relating to.
Schuylkill Valley, description of.
Ind
1889-90
292-296
41
Iowa.. 1884–85
259-265
13
Iowa.. 1884-85
246-259
43
Pa..
Scotland, marriage and divorce in, laws and statisties of.
Screening coal at mines before weighing, law prohibiting
Screening of coal, system of, report of committee on
Screwmakers' Union of Hartford, history and statistics of …….
Scrip, payment of wages in. (See Payment of wages.)
Seamen, wages of, exemption of, from attachment, law relat-
ing to.
U. S.
1876-77
1889
618-629
195
1015, 1016
228
Iowa.. 1890-91
254
18
Ohio..
1883
290-315
175
Conu
1891
1443
J}
Mass
1890
50
94
Seats for female employés, law requiring
Seats for female employés, law requiring
Seats for female employés, law requiring
Seats for female employés, law requiring
Seats for female employés, law requiring
Seats for female employés, law requiring.
Seats for female employés, law requiring
Seats for female employés, law requiring
Mass
1890
40
94
Minn
1889-90
358
108
ΔΙΟ
1885
73, 218, 219
114
Mo..
1886
277
116
N. J
1885
362
137
N. Y..
1884
396
149
Ohio..
1886
333
178
Ohio..
1890
*24, 25
181
Seats for female employés, law requiring (Massachusetts)
Seats for female employés, law requiring (Massachusetts)
Seats for female employés, law requiring (Massachusetts)
Seats for street-car drivers, law requiring
Me
1888
176
60
Minn
1889-90
166
107
R. I.
1888
176
216
N. J
1885
361, 362
137
Sea-wall, condition of laborers on, investigated..
Cal
1885-86
325-419
9
Sectarian customs and practices relating to divorce.
U. S..
1889
122-125
226
Sectarian customs and practices relating to marriage
U. S.
1889
64-73
226
Selling price, relation of cost of production to...
Mass
1890
482-487
95
Seminaries, academies, and female colleges, statistics of..
Pa.
1873-74
125
186
Senators, U. S., from the state, list of, and terms of service..
Servant and master. (See Master and servant.)
Servants and children, education of, law relating to......
Sex, age, and nationality. (See Age and sex.)
Pa
1872-73
309
184
Conn
1887
136
18
Sex, age, and nativity of children employed in various indus-
R. I...
1891
63-152
217
tries.
Sex and age. (See Age and sex.]
Sex, proportion of each, and of adults and children in cot-
tou and woollen mills.
Mass
1881
358-368
80
Shakers, customs and practices of, relating to marriage.
Sheep industry, statistics of………
U. S..
1889
64
226
N. D..
1889–90
49-52
161
Shipbuilding, average wages of employés in.
Pa..
1874-75
528, 529
190
Shipbuilding, commerce and navigation on the Delaware, his-
tory and statistics of.
Pa..
1891
1C-149C
213
Shipbuilding, statistics of.
Me
1887
238
59
Shipbuilding, statistics of.
-
Me..
1889
77-101
61
Shipbuilding, statistics of.
-
N. J
1882
42, 395
131
Shipbuilding, statistics of.
N.J
1884
166-169
134
Shipbuilding, statistics of.
N. J
1885
14. 15
135
Shipment of fruits and vegetables
Cal ..
1885-86
34.35
9
Shipping, tonnage owned in the state.
Me
1890
219
62
Shoe and boot industry. (See Boot and shoe industry.)
Shoe, boot, leather, and belting industries, statistics of.
N. J
1879
122, 123
127
Shoe industry, employés in, statistics of.
Shoemakers and tailors, bills of prices of, Milwaukee.
Shoes and boots. (See Boots and shoes.)
Mass
Wis
1876
1885-86
174-182
74
283-295
237
Shop and factory act (England)…….
Shop societies, history and statistics of
N. J.. 1889
Conn. 1891
233-303
144
1313-1346
22
*
Appendix.
i
344
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
t
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Shops and factories. (See Factories and shops.)
Shops and homes of workingwomen, sanitary condition of,
by cities and industries.
"Short time" in manufactures
Silk and cotton mills, number of spindles in
Silk and other fibre productions, consideration of.
U. S..
1888
395-483
225
Mass
1887
253-255
89
Me
1890
217
62
N. J
1879
--
157-177
127
Silk culture, history and description of methods of
4
Silk, imported, undervaluation of invoices of.
Silk, imports, statistics of …….
Silk industry, capital invested and value of products in
Silk industry, consideration of...
and foreign countries).
Silk industry, statistics of..
Silk industry, statistics of.
Silk industry, statistics of.
N. J
1883
198-227
133
N. J
1883
185-192
133
N. J..
1886
358-363
139
N. J..
1879
104-111
127
N. J
1879
173-177, 279–285
127
Silk industry, consideration and statistics of (United States
N. J..
1883
171-227
133
N. J..
1879
104-111
127
N. J..
1880
81-87
128
N. J..
1881
XX, XXI, 141-
129
153
Silk industry, statistics of.
Silk industry, statistics of..
Silk industry, statistics of...
Silk industry, statistics of..
Silk industry, statistics of.
Silk industry, statistics of…….
Silk industry, value of products of.
Silk industry, wages of employés in.
Silk industry, wages of employés in.
Silk industry, wages of employés in.
Silk industry, wages of employés in.
Silk production, manual of instruction on, by Prof. C. V.
Riley.
N. J..
1882
20-22
131
N. J..
1884
14-19, 98–101,
134
212-227
N. J..
1885
18-21, 78-83,
135
114-135
N. J..
1886
48-129, 353-375
138
N.J..
1888
271-413
143
Pa.
1880-81
89,90
201
N. J ..
1880
81-87
128
N. J
1879
109-111
127
- ·
N. J
1880
83-95
128
·
N. J
1882
20–22
131
-
·
-
·
N. J..
1883
XXVIII, 10-13,
133
36-39, 178-180
N. J..
1879
275-277
128
Silk-ribbon weavers, wages of..
Silk textiles, cost of production of.
Silos and ensilage, consideration of..
Silos and ensilage, consideration of..
N. Y..
1889
693-696
155
U.S.
1891
207-213
234
N. J
·
•
1879
179-186
127
N. J.
1880
179-194
128
-
Silver, imports of, into India, 1874-'90.
Silver, relation between value of, and exports of wheat
Single-tax theory, argument against, by Prof. Arthur Wood-
ford.
Sinking fund, report of commissioner of
Sites, consideration of, by farmers and others
Size of farms, statistics of
Skilled and unskilled workers, percentage of, by nationalities.
Slate industry, consideration and statistics of..
Slate industry, statistics of
Pa...
1890
GLA
211
Pa...
1890
56A-62 A
211
R. I...
1888
167, 168
216
Pa..
1872-73
310, 311
184
•
-
Iowa 1884-85
194-203
43
Mich
Ill.
1888
86-88
101
H
1883-84
161-162
26
---
Pa...
Me... 1889
1882-83
66-72
204
72-75
60
Slate industry, statistics of
Slate industry, statistics of
Slate industry, statistics of
Slate industry, wages of employés in.
Slate industry, wages of employés in.
Slate industry, wages of employés in.
· -
Slate, prices of
Social and labor organizations, consideration of.
Social condition of miners.
Social condition of miners.
·
Mich
Pa
1889
11-17
102
-
1876-77
630-634
195
•
· •
Pa..
1884
154
205
Pa….
1876-77
631-634
195
Pa.
1882-83
69
204
Pa...
1888
79C, 80C
210
Pa...
1872-73
264, 265
184
Slate quarries, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Slavery, law relating to ..
Pa…….
1872-73
265
184
Conn
1887
143
18
·
N.C.. 1887
217-235
157
Ill.. 1883-84
Kans.
430-439
27
1886
192-200
50
Social condition of miners.
Pa.
1874-75
159-171
188
-
Social condition of the laboring classes
Social condition of working-girls, Boston
Pa...
Mass
1875-76
814-830
192
188-4
20-40
83
·
Social condition of workingwomen.
Social life of workingmen.
N. Y..
1885
15-194
150
Mass
1880
237-294
79
·
Social statistics.
Ind...
1879
401-443
33
•
Social statistics.
Social statistics
Social statistics.
Social statistics.
Social statistics.
Social statistics.
·
Ind...
1881
281-309
35
Ind...
1882
391-470
36
Social statistics.
Social statistics of workingwomen.
Socialism, consideration of
•
Ind... 1883
Ind... 1884
Ind... 1885-86
Ind.. 1887-88
Ind...
Mass.
1889-90
267-323
37
307-412
38
313-328
39
LV-LIX, 199-
40
205, 313-321
271-369
41
1889
565-601
93
Conn
►
Societies for prevention of cruelty to children, law authoriz
ing.
N.J..
1885
1885
38-43
17
398, 399
137
Societies, fraternal. (See Fraternal societies.)
Societies, fraternal, mutual benefit, history and statistics of...] Conn
1891
61-1499
22
Societies of workingmen, consideration of
Mo
1881
11-14
110
Soldiers of U. S. Army, rates of pay of
Mich
1884
177, 178
97
Soldiers' orphan schools, statistics of..
Pa...
1875
428, 429
189
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
345
Subjects.
Bureau report.
State. Year.
Page
of
this
Page. book..
Soldiers' orphan schools, statistics of..
Pa...
1876
938-942
193
Solemnization of marriage, legislation of states and terri-
U.S.
1889
50-58
226
tories relating to.
Somerset County, statistics of
Pa...
1876-77
800-805
193
South Norwalk strike, November 17, 1884, consideration of
Spindles and looms. (See Looms and spindles.)
Spindles in cotton and silk mills, number of
Conn.
1885
31-34
13
17
Me
1890
217
62
Spindles in cotton mills, number of, and wages of employés.
Spinner, product of, per week, in cotton and woollen mills
Spinners, wages and hours of labor of, in cotton mills.
Spinners, wages of, in cotton and woollen mills
Spinning cotton yarn, cost of, per pound (Europe)
Spirits produced and materials used, 1881-'90..
Stamford strike and lockout, history of.
State charities. statistics of...
State debt, domestic and foreign.
-
Ohio..
1879
185
168
Mass
1881
371-381
80
N.C..
1887
142
157
Mass
1881
359-369
80
U.S.
1885
132-135
219
--
Ind..
1889-90
491
42
Conn
1890
243-257
21
Kans. 1887
69-74
52
Ind..
1885-86
XXXV
39
Stationary engineers, grievances of. consideration of.
Kans
1888
22-25
53
·
Statistical inquiry, development of..
N. J
1890
437-466
146
Statistics and geology, department of, law establishing
Statistics and the statute, consideration of.
Ind..
1879
26-28
32
Ind.
1889-90
16-18
41
Statistics, collection of, laws relating to (Massachusetts and
New York.)
Mo
1886
299-304
116
Statistics, labor, value of, consideration of.
Statistics, labor, value of, consideration of.
Statistics, labor, value of, consideration of
Ill.
1879-80
212-214
23
Minn
1888
262-265
107
N.C
1890
4-8
159
Statistics, uniform arrangement of, suggestions on, by Edward R. I..
Atkinson.
Statute, the, and statistics, consideration of...
Stay of execution. (See Execution, stay of.)
Steam and gas fitters, etc. union of Omaha, constitution of
Steam and water power used in various industries..
1838
154-157
216
Ind...
1889-90
16-18
41
-
Nebr.. 1887-88
64.65
122
Mass
1877
139-154
75
. Steam boiler explosions, account of.
Steam boilers, use and inspection of, law relating to
Steel and iron. (See Iron and steel.)
Steel and pig iron, world's production of..
Ohio
1883
253,254
175
-
N. Y..
1887
732-735
153
U.S..
1890
23-25
231
Steel, coal, and iron industries, actual and theoretical earn-
ings and working time of employés in.
U.S..
1890
285-579
232
Steel, coal, and iron, production of (France) 1829-'83.
Steel industry, products of, amount of, United States
Steel industry, statistics of..
Steel industry, wages of employés in, 1880-'83
U. S
1885
42
218
Pa..
1879-80
68, 69
199
Pa...
1885
62, 63
206
rope.
·
Steel industry, wages of employés in.
Steel ingots, cost of production of, in United States and Eu-
Steel, iron, etc., imports of, amount of, 1855-'89..
Steel, production of, in the state and United States. 1874-'83
Steel, production of, in the state and United States, in certain
Pa...
1888
36C-46C
210
Pa...
U.S..
1882-83
101, 102
204
1890
149-159
232
U. S
1890
Pa.. 1882-83
Ohio..
1877
21,22
232
་
14. 15
203
69-72
162
years.
Steel, production of, in United States and Great Britain,
1877-'89.
U.S.
1890
18
231
Steel products, miscellaneous, cost of production of ..
U.S..
1890
181-193
232
Steel rails, cost of production of, in United States and Europe.
Steel rails, prices of, in United States and Great Britain,
1867-'90.
U.S..
1890
161-177
232
U.S..
1890
178, 179
232
Steel works and rolling mills, weekly wages of employés in
Steel works, statistics of...
Steel rails, production and importation into United States of, Ohio..
in certain years.
1877
70-72
162
Ohio.
Pa.
1877
1880-81
75-79
162
44-46
201
Steel works, wages of employés in.
N. Y.
Steel works, wages of employés in, 1880-'82.
Pa.
1890
1881-82
179-206
155
72, 73
202
Stock corporations, joint, law relating to.
Conn
1887
64-69. 245-252
18
Stockholders and partners, women as.
Mass
1889
522-533
93
Stockholders in corporations and partners in firms
Mass .
1878
90-98
76
of employés, law relating to.
Stockholders, liability of. (See Liability.)
Stockholders in gaslight corporations, liability of, for wages
Stonecutters' Association of Hartford and vicinity, history Conn
N.J..
1891
70,71
146
and statistics of.
Stonecutters', efc. union of Omaha, constitution of
Stone, glass, and pottery industries, statistics of..
Stone industry, statistics of
1891
1444
22
Nebr 1887-88
64,65
122
Stone quarries, wages paid at.
Stores, cooperative. (See Cooperative stores.)
N.J.. 1879
Mich 1889
Colo 1887-88
112-115
127
63-83
102
291
16
Stove manufacture, statistics of
Ohio..
1880
1144, 1145
170
Straiton and Storm board of arbitration
Mass
1881
63-73
79
Straiton and Storm board of arbitration
-
N. Y..
1885
375-388
150
Street-car drivers, seats for, law requiring.
Street-car drivers, seats for, law requiring.
N.J..
1885
361.362
137
N. J
1891
28
146
Street railways, average wages and hours of labor of employés
R. I...
1888
117
215
on.
Street railways, average wages and hours of labor of em-
ployés on, St. Louis.
Mo..
1883
136-144
112
*
346
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
- -
Street railways, employés on, consideration of
Street railways, employés on, law regulating hours of labor of
Street railways, hours of labor of employés on, law regulating.
Street railways, hours of labor of employés on, law regulating.
Street railways, hours of labor of employés on, law regulating.
Street railways, hours of labor of employés on, law regulating.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
Street railways, statistics of.
-
N. Y..
N. Y
Md
N. J
N. J
N. Y
Con
-
1886
807-839
152
• •
1887
707,708, 764, 765
153
1887
159, 160
65
1886
436, 437
140
1891
27
146
•
1887
707,708, 764, 765
153
1890
67-98
21
Kans
1886
·
435, 436
51
Kans
1887
290-295
53
Kans
1888
293-297
54
Kans
1889
383-391
55
Μυ ..
1884
91-09
112
Μο
1885
179-191
114
·
Mo..
1887
123-134
116
Ohio..
1882
5-16
173
Pa.
1873-74
95, 96
186
Pa
1874-75
414
189
Pa.
1882-83
95
201
Pa
1885
108-113
207
-
R. I..
1888
112
215
Street railways, wages and hours of labor of employés on. į
(See Wages and hours of labor of employés on street rail-
ways.)
Street railways, wages of employés on
Pa..
1888
61C-63C
210
Strike at Hurricane Island
Me
1889
41-44
60
Strike, great southwestern, history of
Μο
1886
*1-117
116
Strike of window-glass workers
Mich.
1885
273-277
98
Strike regulations and benefit features of labor organizations.
Strike, South Norwalk, November 17, 1884, consideration of ..
Strikes, account of.
N.J.
1887
101-151
140
Coun.
1885
31-34
17
Mo..
1891
11-25
120
Strikes, account of.
Ohio..
1890
32-37
181
Strikes, account of..
R. I..
1887
58-61
214
Strikes, account of.
R. I..
1888
98-104
215
Strikes, account of.
Wis
1883-84
140-157
236
Strikes, account of, 1887, 1888
Nebr
1887-88
61-113
122
Strikes, account of. 1877.
Pa..
1880-81
317-367
201
Strikes, account and consideration of.
Ohio.
1886
27-63
177
Strikes, account and statistics of
Wis
1885-86
238-313
237
Strikes and arbitration, consideration of.
Iowa
1884-85
45-181
43
Strikes and combinations, consideration of
Strikes and arbitration, consideration of.
Strikes and arbitration, consideration and statistics of .
Strikes and boycotts, account of..
Strikes and lockouts, account of………
Strikes and lockouts, account of
Strikes and lockouts, account of
-
Strikes and lockouts, consideration and statistics of
Strikes and lockouts, consideration of …….
Strikes and lockouts, investigation and statistics of
Strikes and lockouts, number of employés involved in
Strikes and lockouts, results of..
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Ohio..
1881
195-217
173
Md ... 1886–87
47-86
64
Minn
1887-88
253-261
106
Mich
1885
18-60
97
Conn
1890
129-261
21
Ohio..
1883
213-253
175
Ohio. 1889
50-76
180
Colo.
1887-88
109-151, 510
15
Ill..
1881-82 260-285, 366-371 |
25
N. Y..
1886
409-710
151
Mass
1888
78-80
89
Mass
1888
85-105
89
III.
1885-86
362-445
29
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Ill.. 1887-88
207-321
30
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of..
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of.
Ind. 1887-88
399-429
40
Kaus. 1890
120-122
56
Me
1887
128-146
59
Md... 1886-87
55-83
64
Mass
1888
J-117
89
-
Mich
1888
395-132
101
Mo
1887
259-293
117
Mo
1890
49-52
119
N.J
1887
207-313
140
U.S..
1887
36--1025
224
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of, 1881-'86
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of, 1881-'80
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of, 1881-'87
Strikes and lockouts, statistics of, 1887-'90.
Strikes and unions, Chinese, consideration of.
from.
Cal ... 1887-88
169-181
11
Conn
. 1887
381-463
19
Iowa
1888-89
201-204
46
Pa...
1890
10-13C
211
Cal
1887-88
182-185
11
Strikes, average daily gain in wages, per employé, resulting
Strikes, boycotts, and blacklisting, investigation of..
U.S..
1887
19-25
223
Kans
1886
18-98
50
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, arrests and punishments in
connection with.
N. Y.
1887
155, 156
152
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, arrests and punishments in
connection with.
N. Y..
1889
597, 598
154
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, cost of, to labor organiza
tions.
N. Y
Y..
1887
47-60, 120-122,
152
161-165, 444-517
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, cost of, to labor organiza-
tions.
N. Y
1889
476-488, 576, 601
154
-603, 702-765
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, employers' losses resulting
from.
N. Y
1887
126-165, 444-517
152
•
1
*Appendix.
!
347
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, employers' losses resulting | N. Y ..
from.
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, gains resulting from
1889
562-603. 702-765
154
N. Y.
1889
476-488.577,
154
601-603
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, investigation and statis-
N. Y..
1887
37-552
152
tics of.
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, investigation and statis-
N. Y
1889
473-778
154
tics of.
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, losses in wages resulting from. N. Y..
1887
47-60, 105-117,
152
161–165. 444–
517.
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, losses in wages resulting from. N. Y..
1889
476-488,
562-
154
575, 601-603,
702-765.
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, modes of settlement of..
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, modes of settlement of..
N. Y.
1887
61-64, 106-111,
152
444-517.
N. Y..
1889
489, 490. 562-
154
569, 702-765.
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, review and statistics of, N, Y..
1885-'89.
1889
7-471
154
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, statistics of.
N. Y.
1888
*3-221
153
Strikes, boycotts, and lockouts, statistics of.
Strikes, causes and results of
Strikes, causes and results of
Strikes, causes and results of
-
-
Strikes, causes and results of, by industries, 1881–86
Strikes, causes of, and number of employés involved in.
Strikes, causes of, as given by employers and employés.
Strikes, causes of, by industries, 1881-'86
N. Y.
1890
755-1182
156
Me
1890
137-166
62
Ohio.
1880
1155-1209
170
Ohio
1887
39-561
179
►
R. I…….
1887
62, 63
214
Ohio..
1889
35, 36
180
N. Y..
1886
625-632
151
Conn
1887
392-433
19
Strikes, causes of, by industries and states, 1881-'86
Strikes, causes of, by years and industries.
N. Y..
1887
36-615
224
Mass
1888
10-55
89
Strikes, classification of, by causes and trades
Strikes, coal mine, account of
Strikes, coal mine, causes and results of.
Strikes, coal mine, statistics of……….
Strikes, consideration of
N. Y..
1886
682-690
151
Ohio.
1882
81-83
173
Ohio ..
1878
55, 56
164
Mo...
1889
120-122
118
Cal
1887-88
149-168
11
Strikes, consideration of .
Strikes, consideration of.
Conn
1887
385-390
19
Mo...
1885
7-13
113
Strikes, consideration of .
Strikes, consideration and statistics of.
Pa...
1876-77
33-47
94
Mich
1886
83-134
99
Strikes, consideration and statistics of.
N. J
1883
138-157
133
Strikes, consideration and statistics of.
N. Y..
1885
195-330
150
Strikes, cost of, to labor organizations..
N. Y
1886
418-459, 682–690
151
Strikes, cost of, to labor organizations.
N. I.
1888
69
153
Strikes, court decisions and state legislation relating to
Strikes, description of
U.S
1887
1109-1164
224
Mo ..
1881
7-10
110
Strikes, discussion of
Mass
1872
431-437
69
·
Strikes during the year.
Mich
1892
343-372
105
Strikes during the year, American and foreign
Mich
1892
373-386
105
Strikes, effect of, on hours of labor
N. Y
1889
271-286, 527–561
154
Strikes, effect of, on hours of labor.
N. Y
1890
862-935
156
Strikes, effect of, on wages….
N. Y.
1886
633-640
151
Strikes, effect of, on wages
N. Y..
1889
257-270, 491-526
154
Strikes, effect of, on wages .
N. Y.
1890
779-858
156
Strikes, employés' returns of
Μο
1882
121-123
H1
Strikes, for increase of wages, by industries and states,
1881-'86.
U.S..
1887
36-615
224
-
Strikes, gains in wages resulting from.
Strikes. gains in wages resulting from.
Strikes, gains in wages resulting from.
Strikes, hours of labor before and after
Strikes, hours of labor before and after.
Strikes, hours of labor before and after
-
N. Y
1886
458, 459, 673–690
151
N. Y.
1837
123-125
152
N. Y.
1888
*70
153
N. Y
1887
64-88
152
N. Y
1888
*42-57
153
N. Y.
1889
527-561
154
Strikes in Cincinnati, consideration of.
Ohio..
1882
31-44
173
Strikes in the state, history and statistics of, 1830-779
Mass
1880
1-71
78
Strikes in the United States, from January 1, 1889, to July 1,
1890, list of.
Nebr
1889-90
353-419
124
-
Strikes in various industries
Ma
1884-85
203–209
64
Strikes in various industries, account of..
Ohio
1877
85-290
163
Strikes in various industries, employés returns of
Ohio.
1882
197-200
173
Strikes, investigation of
Mass
1871
39-149
68
Strikes (labor troubles], account of.
Pa..
1881-82
144-192
203
Strikes labor troubles], account of
Pa.
1882-83
134-154
204
Strikes (labor troubles], account of..
Pa.
1884
72-81
205
Strikes (labor troubles], account of, 1835-'81
Pa.
1880-81
262-391
201
Strikes, lawful, law making..
Pa
1879-80
·
431, 432
200
Strikes, lawful, law making.
Pa
1880-81
587,588
202
Strikes, legality of, decision of courts relating to..
Ma
1887
166, 167
65
Strikes, losses in wages resulting from..
N. Y..
1888
*66.67
153
Strikes, losses in wages resulting from.
N. Y.
1890
955-958
156
*Part III.
348
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Strikes, losses to employers and employés resulting from.
Strikes, losses to employers and employés resulting from..
Strikes, losses to employers and employés resulting from,
1881-'86.
Strikes, losses to employers and employés resulting from, by Conn
industries, 1881-'86.
N. Y..
1886 418-459, 673–690
151
Ohio..
1887
39-56
179
R. I...
1887
63
214
1887
391-448
19
Strikes, losses to employers and employés resulting from, by
industries.
Pa...
1887
22F-45F
208
Strikes, losses to employers and employés resulting from, by
industries and states.
U. S..
1887
730-781
224
Strikes, modes of settlement of.
N. Y..
1886
707-710
151
Strikes, number and causes of
Iowa.. 1886-87
401-403
45
Strikes, number of employés engaged in, 1881-'86
R. I...
1887
64
214
Strikes, number of employés involved in.
Ohio.
1882
197, 198
173
Strikes, number of employés involved in.
Strikes, number of employés involved in, by industries.
Strikes, number of employés involved in, by industries, 1881-'86.
Strikes, number of employés involved in, by industries and
states.
Conn
Ohio..
1887
57-74
179
Pa...
1887
48 F. 49F
208
1887
394-449
19
•
U.S..
1887
730-781
224
Strikes, number of, for increase of wages, by industries.
Strikes, number of, women and girls engaged in
Strikes, number of, women and girls engaged in
Strikes, number of, women and girls engaged in
Strikes, occurring in coal-mining industry, account of
Strikes of coal miners at Bevier, investigation of.
Strikes of railroad employés, law relating to.
Strikes, opinions of workingmen on
Pa...
1887
22F-45F
208
N. Y..
1886
671
151
N. Y..
1887
157
152
O
N. Y..
1889
599
154
Iowa..
1888-89
197-200
46
·
Mo
1888
127-138
118
N. J
1891
88-91
146
Wis
1885-86
306-309
238
Strikes, policy of..
Mo
1882
47-51
111
Strikes, prior to 1881, account of
U.S..
1887
1027-1108
224
Strikes, reports of trades-unions on
Mo..
1880
199-204
110
→
Strikes, results of, by industries
Pa..
1887
46F. 47 F
209
Strikes, results of, by industries and states
U.S..
1887
730-781
224
Strikes, returns on.
Strikes, statistics of
Ohio..
1885
|189, 190, 210, 211
177
Strikes, statistics of.
Ill ...
Kans
1885-86
362-445
129
1887
296-308
53
Strikes, statistics of
Strikes, statistics of.
Strikes, statistics of.
Strikes, statistics of.
Strikes, statistics of.
Mo
1884
157-167
113
Mo..
1890
* 70, 71
120
Nebr..
1889–90
335-419
124
Ohio..
1887
39-74
179
Pa.
1891
1D-23D
213
Strikes, statistics of.
R. I...
1889
173
217
Strikes, statistics of, 1881-'86
Pa.
1887
20F-49F
208
·
Strikes, statistics of, 1881-'87
R. I..
1887
62-67
214
Strikes, wages and hours of labor of employés in various in-
dustries, before and after.
Ohio..
1887
57-72
179
Strikes, wages and hours of labor of employés in various in-
dustries, before and after, 1881-'86.
Conn.
1887
394-437
19
Strikes, wages and hours of labor of employés in various in-
R. I...
1887
65
214
dustries, before and after, 1881-'86.
Strikes, wages before and after .
N. Y..
1887
64-88
152
Strikes, wages before and after .
N. Y..
1888
†20-41
153
Strikes, wages before and after
N. Y..
1889
491-526
154
Students, female, health of, statistics of…….
Mass .
1885
471-532
86
Sugar and fibre production, state bounty on, consideration of .
Sugar beet, adaptability of soil for cultivation of, investiga-
N. J ..
N. D.. 1889-90
1881
275-286
130
19-32
160
tion of.
Sugar, beet, industry, history and statistics of ..
Sugar, beet, manufacture of .
Nebi
Cal
1889-90
823-925
124
-
1889-90
46-59
13
Sugar industry, statistics of
N.J..
1885
325-348
137
Sugar refining, description of.
Pa..
1890
1D-18D
212
Sugar, sorghum, industry, consideration of.
N. J..
1883
321-327
131
Sugar, sorghum, industry, statistics of
Sugar, sorghum, industry, statistics of
N. J ..
1882
210-216
131
N. J..
1884
361-373
135
Suits brought by workingwomen, costs in, law relating to
Sunday labor, consideration of...
Suits brought by workingwomen, costs in, law relating to
N. Y..
1884
394, 395
149
N. Y..
1889
798, 799
155
Ohio ..
1880
1369-1371
172
Sunday labor, in various industries
Mass.
1885
29-101
85
Sunday labor, law regulating
Mass
1890
7
94
Sunday labor, law regulating
N. J ..
1885
418, 419
137
Sunday labor, law regulating.
N.J..
1891
91, 92
147
Sweden, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of
Swiss factory act.
U.S
1889
1059-1062
229
•
Switches, railroad, better protection of, law providing for
Switzerland, marriage and divorce in, laws and statistics of..
T.
N. J
Minn
U.S..
1889
225-230
144
1889-90
1889
367
108
1062-1066
229
of.
Tailors and shoemakers, bills of prices of, Milwaukee
Tailors, Journeymen, Union of America, history and statistics
Tanneries, amount and value of domestic and foreign raw Pa.... 1875-76
material used in.
Wis
Conn.
1885-86
1891
283-295
1438-1440
237
22
737-785
192
* Vol. II.
† Part III.
1
349
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
Burean report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Tanneries, amount of domestic and foreign raw material
used in.
Tanneries, amount of product..
Tanneries, capital invested, value of product, wages paid,
etc., in.
Pa.... 1872-73
Pa...
85
182
1881-82
68, 69
201
Pa. 1877-78
446-486
195
Tanneries, capital invested, value of product, wages paid,
etc., in.
Pa.... 1878-79
730-762
197
Tanneries, consideration of……….
Tanneries, products of, value of.
Pa...
1873-74
183-191
187
Pa...
1875-76
737-785
192
-
Tanneries, products of, value of
Tanneries, reports of
Tanneries, statistics of
Tanneries, statistics of
Tanneries, statistics of
Tanneries, statistics of
Tanneries, statistics of, by counties
Tanneries, statistics of, by counties
Tanneries, statistics of, by counties
Tanneries, statistics of, by counties
Tanneries, statistics of, by counties..
Tanneries, statistics of, by counties.
Tanneries, statistics of, by counties:.
Tanneries, value of annual products of
Tanneries, value of products of
-
Tanneries, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Tanneries, wages of employés in.
Tanneries, wages of employés in.
Tanneries, wages of employés in.
Tanneries, wages of employés in.
Pa..
1878-79
260-263
198
Pa.. 1874-75
551-556
190
Ohio.. 1880
1280, 1281
171
Pa.... 1875-76
737-785
192
Pa.
1876-77
446-486
195
Pa...
1885
98-100
206
Pa...
1877-78
730-762
197
Pa...
1878-79
260-273
198
Pa... 1879-80
87-90
190
Pa……. 1880-81
68, 69
201
Pa..
1881-82
47
202
Pa..
1882-83
38
203
Pa...
1884
150
205
Pa... 1872-73
85
-182
Pa..
1881-82
47
202
Pa.
1878-79
264-273
198
-
Pa.
1875-76
739-777
192
Pa...
1877-78
730-762
197
Pa... 1879-80
220-221
200
Pa.
1888
84C-86C
210
Tanneries, wages of employés in, 1875–81.
Pa.
1880-81
164
201
Tanneries, wages of employés in. 1875-'82.
Pa...
1881-82
74
202
Tanneries, wages of employés in, 1875-'83
Pa..
1882-83
104
204
Tanneries, wages of employés in, by counties.
Pa.
1876-77
446-479
195
Tariff inequalities as a cause for industrial depression
Tariff of 1883, principal schedules of..
U. S
1885
250-252
219
Pa…..
1881-82
130-143
203
Tariff on imported carpets and carpet wool.
Pa.
1889
320-340
211
Tariff, rates of, on English cotton and woollen textiles.
T. S.
1885
251.252
219
Tavern and inn keepers, law relating to
N.J
1885
420, 421
137
Tax, amounts and rates of, by counties.
Pa..
1874-75
141 142
188
Tax, amounts and rates of, by counties
Pa..
1876-77
693-799
195
Tax, amounts collected, by counties, 1880.
Μο
1881
*64
111
Tax laws, consideration of..
Tax, school. (See School tax.)
Pa..
1873-74
150-157
186
Tax. single, theory, argument against, by Prof. Arthur Wood-
ford.
R. I..
1888
167.168
216
Taxable property, by counties.
Ind.
1883
118-120
36
Taxation, amount of. by counties
·
Mo..
1882
139-146
111
Taxation and statistics of railroads (United States)
Mich
-
1892
305-319
105
Taxation, assessed valuation of property for. (See Assessed
valuation of property.)
Taxation, consideration of..
Mich.
1892
319-342
105
Taxation, exemption of certain property from. (See Exemp-
tion.)
Taxation, law relating to (California)
Mich
1888
391, 392
101
Taxation, local and state, statistics of..
.
Pa... 1872-73
118-129
182
Taxation of cooperative banks, law relating to.
Taxation of life insurance companies, law relating to
Taxation, rate of, in each county, city, and town
Taxation, rate of, in leading cities and towns..
Mass
N. Y..
1890
92
94
1887
776
153
•
Iowa 1886-87
369-375
45
Iowa 1888-89
303-353
46
Taxation rates and debts, public, by states and territories
Taxation, rates of, and valuation of property, 1843-'83
Taxation, rates of, for all purposes, by counties.
Ind.
1889-90
479.480
42
1
Ind...
1883
121
36
Ind.
1879
336, 337
33
Taxation, rates of. for all purposes, by counties.
Ind.
1881
274-279
35
Taxation, rates of, for all purposes, by counties.
Ind.
1882
360, 361
36
Taxation, rates of, for all purposes, by counties.
Ind...
1883
115-117
36
Taxation, rates of, for all purposes, by counties.
Ind..
1884
184-187
38
Taxation, rates of, for all purposes, by counties...
Ind
1889-90
252, 253
41
Taxation, rates of, for all purposes, by counties and townships! Ind..
Taxation, state, consideration of….
1885-86
1-250
39
Pa….
1873-74
377-379
188
Taxpayers, statistics of..
Mass
1873
229-242
70
Teachers and clergymen, wages and cost of living of..
Teachers, physicians, and clergymen, opinions of, on ques-
Mass
1874
24-27
71
R. I...
1891
22-62
217
tions affecting child labor.
Teachers, school. (See School teachers.)
Technical and manual training
Iowa
1890-91
213-217
47
Technical and manual training, consideration and statistics of. Cal 1887-88
Technical and manual training, consideration of…….
Technical and manual training, consideration of.
•
227-291
12
Minn
1889-90
234-300
108
N. C
1888
253-275
158
Technical and manual training schools, consideration of, Phil-
Pa.
1885
1-16
206 *
adelphia.
Technical and trade schools. (See Trade and technical schools.)
* Appendix.
350
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Technical education, law providing for
Technical education, law providing for
Technical education, consideration of.
Technical education, consideration of.
Technical education, consideration of….
Technical education (Europe)
Technical instruction in public schools, consideration of
Technical instruction in Sheffield Scientific School of Yale
Iowa
1884-85
67-104
42
Md...
1888-89
19-25
65
Mo
1884
229-242
113
Cal ..
1887-88
265-269
12
N. J ..
1885
390-392 137
-
N. J
1886
438,439
140
N. J
1883
XXI-XXV
133
Conn.
1887
271,272
19
University, law providing for.
Technical schools, consideration of.
N.J
1884
265-273
135
Telegraph companies, employés of, exemption of, from militia N.J
1891
91
147
or jury duty, law providing for.
Telegraph companies, statistics of.
Pa..
1872-73
158
183
Telegraph companies, statistics of.
Pa..
1873-74
97
186
Telegraph companies, statistics of.
Pa..
1874-75
416, 417
188
Telegraph company, Western Union, comparative statistics
of, 1868-'83.
Mich
1885
.410
99
-
Telegraph operators, law relating to
N.J
1885
418
137
Telegraph operators to send messages in cases of accident,
law requiring.
Ohio.. 1890
*51, 52
181
Telegraph schools, fraudulent, investigation of...
Mo...
Telegraphers' Mutual Benefit Association, history and statis-
tics of.
Conn.
1890
1891
129-35
119
586, 587
22
Temperature and precipitation at various stations in the state, N.D
1889.
1889-90
77
161
Tenants and landlords. (See Landlords and tenants.)
Tenants or owners occupying farms, number of. by counties.
Tenants or owners occupying farms, statistics of
Pa..
Mich
1889
206a-223 a
210
1888
8-83
101
Tenement and lodging houses and board of health of New
York City, law relating to.
N. Y..
1887
|741-750, 754-756
153.
Tenement house cigar-making, law relating to.
N. Y..
1884
387
149
Tenement houses, Boston
Mass.
1871
517-531
68
Tenement houses, condition of, Salem
Mass
1873
372-380
70
Tenement houses, consideration of.
Mo..
1886
318-366
116
Tenement houses, health officer's report on, Cincinnati.
Ohio..
1879
235-238
168
·
Tenement houses, number of families in
Md..
1884-85
61
63
Tenements, average number of persons per room in, Boston.
Mass
1891
6-365
95, 96
•
Tenements, number of families and persons occupying, Boston.
Tenements, number of rooms in, Boston..
Mass
1801
6-365
95, 96
Mass
1891
6-359
95
Tenements, number of, to each house, Boston..
Tenements, rooms, and rents, statistics of, l'oston.
Ten-hour and weekly payment laws, consideration of
Mass
1891
6-350
95,96
-
Mass
1891
6-579
95,96
-
•
Conn
1888
20-31
19
Ten-hour law
Ten-hour law
Ten-hour law
Ten-hour law
Ten-hour law
Ten-hour law
Ten-hour law
-
·
Mich
1886
130, 131
99
Minn.
1889-90
351
108
N. J
1891
25
146
Ohio ..
1878
259, 323
166
Ohio..
1879
312
169
Ohio..
1880
1382
172
Ohio
1881
246
173
Ten-hour law
Pa...
1880-81
583, 584
202
Ten-hour law
R. I...
1887
93
215
Ten-hour law
R. I.
1889
210
217
Ten-hour law (Michigan).
Wis
1885-86
238, 239
237
Ten-hour law (Minnesota)
Ma
1888-89
35
65
Ten-hour law (Minnesota)
N. Y..
1884
425,426
149
·
Ten-hour law, probable effect of, in cotton and woollen mills.
Mass
1881
321-475
80
Ten-hour law (Rhode Island)
N. Y..
1884
442
149
Ten-hour question, facts bearing on..
Mass
1871
503, 504
68
Ten-hour system, consideration of...
Mass
1873
487-501
70
Testimony of wageworkers concerning their condition.
Mich.
1886
135-172
99
Text-books, free, for schools, consideration of ..
R. I…….
1887
72-88
211
Text-books, uniform, opinions of teachers relating to
Iowa.
1884-85
259-265
43
Textile fabrics, manufacture of
Cal ..
1889-90
11-45
13
-
Textile factories, sanitary condition of
Mass
Textile factories, synopsis of English factory and workshop
act as applied to.
Minn
Textile industries, consideration and statistics of.
Textile industries, consideration and statistics of.
Textile industries, consideration and statistics of
Textile industries, consideration of, Philadelphia
Textile industries, earnings of employés in
Textile industries, history of..
Pa
1874
1889-90
1878-79
109-159
71
160-163
107
190-217
198
Pa
1884
105-121
205
-
Pa.
1885
17-35
206
•
Pa
1881-82
52-61
202
Pa.
Pa.
1887
1882-83
51C-53C
208
39-45
204
-
Textile industries, productive capacity of operatives in, com-
pared.
Mo
1885
98
114
Textile industries, statistics of.
Pa.
1879-80
99-143
199
Textile industries, statistics of.
Pa.
1880-81
70-94
201
Textile industries, statistics of, by counties.
Pa..
1881-82
48-51
202
Textile industries, statistics of, by counties..
Pa... 1882-83
46-52
204
Textile industries, values of products, wages paid, etc., in.
Textile industries, wages of employés in.
Pa.
1885
30-34
206
Conn
1888
51, 53-55,
19
60, 61, 67–70
* Appendix.
| Vol. I.
3
1
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
-
351
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Textile industries, wages of employés in
Textile industries, wages of employés in.
Pa..
Pa....
1879-80
1888
222, 223
200
64C-71C
210
103C-107C
Textile industries, wages of employés in 1878-81.
Textile industries, wages of employés in 1878-82
Textile industries, wages of employés in 1878-'83
Textile industries, wages of employés in, in the state and
England.
Pa.... 1880-81
Pa... 1881-82
164
201
74
202
Pa.. 1882-83
104
204 -
Pa...
1884
19, 20
205
Textile industries, wages paid and number of employés in, 1880 Conn .
and 1885, compared.
1885
128, 129
17, 18
Textile schools, organization of
Pa...
1884
113-116
205
Textiles, cotton, cost of production of. (See Cost of production.)
Textiles, linen, cost of production of. (See Cost of production.)
Textiles other than silk, statistics of.
N.J
1880
88-90
128
Textiles, silk, cost of production of. (See Cost of production.)
Textiles, woollen and worsted, cost of production of. (See Cost
of production.)
Theft or embezzlement by agents, apprentices, or servants, N.J..
1885
419, 420
137
law relating to.
Theft or embezzlement by agents, apprentices, or servants,
law relating to.
N.J..
1891
93-95
147
Thread, assize of, law relating to..
Conn.
1887
253
19
Threats and intimidation, law prohibiting
R. I...
1887
94.95
215
Threats and intimidation, law prohibiting
R. I...
1889
211
215
Threats and intimidation, law prohibiting
Wis. 1885-86
15
237
Tile, drain, manufacture of...
Ill
1883-84
605-637
27
Timber culture, consideration of.
N. J
1878
123-139
126
Timber supply, consideration of
Pa.... 1873-74
162-165
186
Time employed and wages of employés in various industries
Time employed in various industries.
Time lost. (See Lost time.)
Time wageworkers have been employed in present occupation!
Time, working, and wages, average, of employés in glass in-
dustry.
Ohio..
1879
10-14
166
Mass
1883
179-241
83
Mich
1884
110-131
96, 97
N.J..
1878
116-119
126
Tin plate industry, statistics of...
Pa.... 1878-79
111-113
197
Tobacco and cigar industry. (See Cigar and tobacco industry.)
Tobacco and cigarette selling to children, law prohibiting.
Tobacco, cost of production of
N. J
1885
398
137
Mo..
1886
229-233
116
Tobacco culture, consideration of
Pa...
1878-79
271-276
198
Tobacco, exports of (United States), 1790-1877
Pa.
1876-77
30
194
Tobacco factories, capital invested and value of products in
Tobacco factories, class of goods manufactured in.
N.C
1891
* 206-220
160
N.C
1891
206-220
160
Tobacco factories, educational and moral condition of em.
ployés in.
N.C
1891
209-220
160
Tobacco factories, statistics of.
N.C
1887
153-161
157
-
Tobacco factories, statistics of
N. C
1890
99-121
159
Tobacco factories, wages and hours of labor of employés in..
Tobacco growing, history and statistics of ….
N.C
1891
207-220
160
Wis
1883-84
218-222
236
Tobacco warehouses, hours of labor of employés in, law reg-
ulating.
Md
1884-85
236
64
Tonnage and number of vessels entering port of Philadelphia,
1784-1891.
Pa...
1891
22C-24C
213
Tonnage and value of vessels built in Baltimore.
Md
1884-85
141
63
Tonnage of shipping owned in the state...
Me
1890
219
62
Tonnage of vessels registered at Philadelphia, engaged in
foreign trade, 1791–1891.
Pa..
1891
250
213
Tools, etc., cost of, of employés in various industries.
Wis
1887-88
189-213
238
Tours of duty of railroad employés..
U.S
1889
163-165
230
Towns and cities, dates of incorporation, value of property.
etc., of.
Ind..
1879
358-366
33
Towns and cities, receipts, expenses, and indebtedness of..
Towns, description and statistics of.
Township expenses
Ind.
Iowa.. 1888-89
Ind
1887-88
1879
303-353
46
1-148
40
367-389
33
Trade and labor organizations. (See Labor and trade organi-
tions.)
Trade and technical schools, consideration of.
Cal
1887-88
252-257
12
Trade and technical schools, consideration of.
N. Y..
1886
365-408
151
Trade and technical schools, consideration of (Europe)
N. Y..
1886
380-389
151
Trade and technical schools, views of labor organizatious on.
Trade interests, consideration of
N. Y..
1886
398-408
151
Trade, life, and health in certain industries, effect of occupa-
tion on.
Trade, life, and health in certain industries, effect of occupa-
tion on.
Cal
1883-84
185-195
8
N. J
1889
1-210
144
N.J..
1890
357-413
146
Trade, life, and health in certain industries, effect of occupa-
tion on, statistics of.
N. J ..
1891
171-234 147
Trade-marks and labels, law relating to.
Trade-marks, etc., protection of, law providing for.
Trade-marks, etc., registration and use of, law relating to
Trade-marks, labels, etc., use of, by trades unions, law relating
*Appendix.
N. J
Obio..
N. Y..
1891 100, 101, 591, 592 147,148
1890
1889
*41
181
793
155
N. J
1888
642
144
{
352
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
E
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Trade organizations. (See Labor organizations.)
Trade reports, special, showing condition of employés
Trade schools, consideration and statistics of..
Trade schools, Russian, consideration of ...
Trade societies and wages..
Trade-unionists, earning capacity and character of.
Trades, building. (See Building trades.)
Trades, effect of convict labor on...
Md.
1886-87
129-154
165
Cal ..
1888
252-257
12
Ohio..
1886
154
178
111.
1879-80
229-232
23
Kans.
1885
229
49
Ill..
1885-86
02-121
28
Trades, improvement of, workingmen's opinions on
Trades unions and labor organizations, account of.
Wis
1887-88
51-64
238
Trades unions and labor organizations, consideration of
Trades unions and labor organizations, consideration and
statistics of.
Trades unions and labor organizations, formation of, in cer-
tain counties, law prohibiting.
Wis
N.J..
Cal
1883-84
119-139
236
- ·
1881
106-124
129
1887-88
109-131
11
•
Pa.... 1879-80
431
200
Trades unions and labor organizations, formation of, in cer-
tain counties, law prohibiting.
Pa.... 1880-81
887
202
Trades unions and labor organizations, formation of, law au-
thorizing.
Trades unions and labor organizations, formation of, law au-
thorizing.
Pa.... 1879-80
431
200
Pa.... 1880-81
587
202
Trades unions and strikes, Chinese, consideration of …
Cal
1887-88
182-185
11
Trades unions and workingmen's societies, incorporation of,
law authorizing.
Trades unions, consideration of……….
Trades unions, consideration of...
Trades unions, consideration of.
Trades unions, consideration of.
Trades unions, consideration of.
Trades unions, consideration of.
-
Trades unions, consideration of (England)
Trades unions, consideration and statistics of (Great Britain).
Trades unions, English, labor legislation obtained by.
Trades unions, history of
N. Y..
1884
I
401
149
Μο
1880
193-207
110
Mo
1882
41-46
111
Mo
1886
235-249
116
N. Y..
1885
539-605
150
Ohio..
1877
25-39
162
Ohio..
1889
76-81
180
N. Y..
1885
559-576
150
Pa...
1888
5G-14G
210
Ohio..
1886
131
178
Trades unions, history, aims and objects of
Trades unions, incorporation of, law authorizing
Trades unions, influence of, upon earnings.
Trades unions, international congress of, Paris, proceedings of
Trades unions in the state and Europe, account and statistics
Mass
Mich
1871
25-39
68
1885
263-273
98
-
•
N.J.. 1891
Ill.. 1883-81
96-99, 593, 594 |147,148
328-331
27
Ohio..
Ohio..
1886
1886
155-180
178
87-186
178
of.
Trades unions, legal status of
TIL..
Trades unions, national and international, directory of
Trades unions, origin and principles of ...
N. J
1879-80
1887
Mich. 1884
230-232
8.9
149
59-81
Trades unions, regulations of, concerning apprentices
Trades unions, rise and growth of (United States and Great
Britain).
('al.. 1887-88
Ohio..
215-218
1885
19-82
176
Trades unions, statistics of (United States and Great Britain).
Trades unions, use of labels, etc., by, law relating to.
Trades unions. with sick and funeral benefits, statistics of
Traffic in children, law prohibiting (Pennsylvania).
Traffic in children, law prohibiting (Pennsylvania).
Ohio..
1885
37-82
176
N. J
1888
642
Comm
1891
1371-1451
Md...
1888–89
*50, 51
་
N. Y..
1884
437
149
Transportation of cotton and wool, cost of, per ton.
Transportation of manufactured products, cost of, per ton.
Transportation, rates of, of farm products, from
points to Philadelphia, 1880-'90.
Trainmen, Railroad, Brotherhood of, history and statistics of. Conn
Tramps, law relating to….
·
Tramps, suppression of, law providing for..
Transfers, mortgages, and liens. (See Liens, mortgages, and
transfers.)
1891
287-292
Coun.
1887
140-112
Iowa 1890-91
266, 267
29828 8328sa*s
23
12
Mass.
Mass
1881
343-357
80
1889
122-174
91
various
.....
1889
248a-263a,
210
Transportation, rates of, of farm products, from
points to Philadelphia, 1880-'90.
various
Pa....
1890
8a-25a
211
Treatment of workingwomen
Cal
1887-88
85-01
11
O
"Truck" stores. (See Company stores.)
Trust companies and state banks, law relating to.
Conn
1887
237-242
19
Trust, etc., corporations, law relating to
N. J
1889
434-437
145
Trustee process [factorizing], employers' views on
Coun.
1886
56-60
18
Trustees and assignments, consideration of …….
Mass
1882
209-214
81
Trusts and combinations. (See Combinations and trusts.)
Trusts, legality of
Ohio.. 1889
138, 176
180
Trusts, relation of, to labor
Ohio..
1888
199-209
179
Turnpikes, statistics of.
Ind.:
1879
291-297
33
Turnpikes, statistics of..
Ind.
1880
178-184
34
Type founderies, wages and hours of labor of employés in.
Typographical Union, International, history and statistics of.
N. Y..
1890
245-248
155
Conn
1891
1426-1429
22
U.
Unemployed and employed, comparative statistics of
Unemployed, by age periods, number, and percentage of.
* Appendix.
Mass
1887
158-164
88, 89
Mass
1887
155-157
88
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU.REPORTS.
353
Bureau report.
Page
of

Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Unemployed, by age, sex, towns, and time out of work.
Unemployed, by months out of work, number, and percent-
age of.
Mass
1887
5-151
88, 89
+
Mass
1887
154
88, 89
Unemployed, by sex, number, and percentage of..
Mass
1887
153
88, 89
Unemployed having other occupations
Mass
1887
226-252
89
Unemployed labor, statistics of, St. Louis.
Mo
1884
253
-113
Unemployed, nationality of
Mass
1887
254-260
89
Unemployed, occupations of
Mass
1887
166-225 88.89
Unemployed, the, effect of an eight-hour day on.
N. Y..
1890
27-33, 582-609 155,156
Unemployed, the, statistics of
Mass
1887
1-294
88, 89
Unemployed workingmen, skilled and unskilled
Mass.
1879
1-13
76
Unions (combinations] by workingmen, bistory of……..
Mass
1871
12-39
68
United Kingdom, marriage and divorce in, laws and statis-
tics of.
U.S..
1889
1012-1018
228
Unmarried youths, statistics of
Ohio..
1880
1309, 1310
171
Unskilled and skilled workers, percentage of, by nationalities.
Unskilled wage workers, cost of living, wages, etc., of..……….
Ill.
1883-84
161, 162
26
Nebr
1889-90
9-54
23
V.
Vaccination of employés in factories, law requiring.
Valuation and ownership of real estate, statistics of, Detroit.
Valuation, assessed. (See Assessed valuation.)
Valuation of property and rates of taxation, 1843-'83.
Valuation per capita, of property
Valuations and appropriations, Fall River, Lowell, and Law-
rence.
Value, aggregate, of industries, Cincinnati and Akron..
Value, aggregate, of industries in certain years, Cincinnati..
Value and acreage of farms (farmers' returns)-
Value and acreage of farms (farmers' returns)
Value and acreage of farms (farmers' returns)
Mass
1890
29
94
Mich
1892
220-238
105
Ind...
1883
121
36
Pa.... 1873–74
7.8
185
Mass
1882
250-252
81
Ohio.
Ohio..
1879
199-207
168
1878
308-314
166
N. C..
1888
386-397
158
N. C..
1889
16-23
158
N. C..
1890
220-223
159
Value and acreage of farms (farmers' returns)
Value and amount of coal produced.
N. C.
1891
10-121
160
Ohio..
1880
1217
170
Value and amount of coal produced in various states, 1885…….
Value and amount of minerals produced. (See Mines, pro-
ducts of.)
Value and amount of products, capital invested, etc., in lead
and zinc industries.
Value and amount of products of iron industry marketed, 1890
Value and amount of products of coal mines. (See Coal mines.)
Value and amount of products of founderies and machine
shops. (See Founderies and machine shops.)
Value and amount of products of iron industry. (See Iron
industry.)
Mo...
1886
32,33
115
Kans.
1891
208-212 57, 58
Mo...
1891
71-154
120
Value and amount of products of lumber industry. (See Lum-
ber industry.)
Value and amount of products of mines
Mo
Value and amount of products of mines.
Μο
.1889
1890
88-109
118
*7-43
120
Value and amount of products of rolling mills. (See Rolling
mills.)
Value and cost of production in various industries.
Mo
Value and cost of production of farm crops in various local-
ities.
Mo...
1879
1880
101.102
109
251-258
110
Value of agricultural products. (See Farm products.)
Value of coal per tou, statistics of, 1882–1890
Ill.
Value of coal produced...
Value of convict-made goods, by states.
U.S..
1889-90
Ohio.. 1890
1886
291
32
43-49
181
96-191
221
Value of exports and imports, Philadelphia, 1791-1891
Pa…..
1891
26C, 27C
213
Value of farm lands, statistics of, by counties
N. J
1890
326-341
146
Value of farm products (farmers' returns).
N. C
1888
386-397
158
Value of farm products (farmers' returns)…….
N. C
1889
16-141
158
Value of farm products (farmers' returns)
N.C
1891
10-121
160
Value of farms, by counties...
Pa...
1873-74
50,51
185
Value of lands, consideration and statistics of
Ill.
1889-90
257-272
31.32
Value of lands (farmers' returns)...
Value of lands, selling, statistics of, Cook county
N.C. 1889
Ill.... 1889-90
25-141
158
273-276
32
Value of machinery, etc., in mills…………
Mass
1882
230-237
81
Value of materials and products, capital invested, wages paid,
etc., in various industries.
Ohio..
1889
86-135
180
Value of materials and products, capital invested, wages paid,
etc., in various industries, 1884-'85.
Ohio..
1885
151-156
178
Value of materials, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in cot-
ton mills.
R. I...
1887
20, 21
213
Value of materials, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in foun-
deries and machine shops.
R. I…….
1887
34:
214
Value of materials, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in jew.
ellery industry.
R. I...
1887
30,31
214
Value of materials, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in wool
len mills.
R. I...
1887
27
214
* Vol. II.
13400-23
354
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
เ
}
Bureau report.
Page

Subjects.
of
this
State. Year.
Page.
book.
Value of products and capital invested in all industries, by
countries.
N.J... 1878
279
126
Value of products and capital invested in glass industry
(United States Census, 1870).
Value of products and capital invested in hat industry.
Value of products and capital invested in manufacturing in-
dustries, 1880, 1885.
Value of products and capital invested in oyster industry
Value of products and capital invested in silk industry.
Value of products and capital invested in silk industry.
Value of products and capital invested in various industries.
Value of products and capital invested in various industries.
Value of products and capital invested in various industries.
Value of products and capital invested in varions industries.
Value of products and capital invested in various industries.
Value of products and capital invested in various industries
(census, 1870).
Value of products and capital invested in various manufac-
turing industries.
Value of products and materials used in various industries..
Value of products and wages paid in various industries..
Value of products, capital invested and wages paid in estab-
lishments considering the tariff beneficial or detrimental.
Value of products, capital invested, and wages paid in various
industries.
Value of products, capital invested, and wages paid in various
industries.
Obio..
Ohio..
Wis
Ohio..
1877
208
163
N. J..
Nebr
1887
388, 389
141
1887-88
350-353 122,123
N.J..
1882
337
132
N.J.
1879
104-111
127
N. J
1886
372-375
139
N. J
1879
104-156
127
N. J
1882
355-395
132
1887
79-136
179
1888
253-257
179
1883-81
177-207
236
Pa.... 1872-73
47-84
182
Ind... 1885-86
271-311
39
N. J..
1882
351-400
132
Pa…..
1883
73-94
203
Wis
1883-84
247-252
236
Cal... 1883-84
129
7
R. I...
1888
108-113
215
Value of products, capital invested, cost of materials, and
wages paid in various industries.
Ohio..
1890
51-111
181
Value of products, capital invested, etc., in cotton and wool.
len mills.
N.C..
1890
22, 23
159
Value of products, capital invested, etc., in cotton and wool-
len mills.
N.C..
1891
126-154
160
Value of products, capital invested, etc., in various industries,
by counties.
Value of products, capital invested, etc., in various industries,
by counties.
Value of products, capital inyested, etc., in mills..
Value of products, capital invested. etc., in tobacco factories.
Value of products, capital invested, etc., in tobacco factories
Value of products, capital invested, etc., in tobacco factories.
Value of products, capital invested, etc., in various industries,
by counties.
N.C..
1887
144
157
N. C
1887
158-160
157
N. C
1890
100-121
159
N. C
1891
206-220
160
N. C
N.C..
1887
52-60
156
N. C..
1888
148-169
157
N.C..
1890
126-129
159
Value of products, capital invested, wages paid, et, in coal
mining.
Pa.... 1877-78
336-533
186
$
Value of products, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in cot-
ton mills.
Pa.... 1877-78
719-729
197
Value of products, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in glass
industry.
Pa.... 1876-77
536-539
195
Value of products, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in iron
industry.
Pa.... 1877-78
539-669
197
Value of products, capital invested, wages paid, etc, in tan-
neries.
Pa.... 1876-77
446-486
195
Value of products, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in tan-
neries.
Value of products, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in vari-
ous industries.
Value of products, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in vari-
ons industries.
Conn
Ohio..
Value of products, capital invested, wages paid, etc., in wool-
len mills.
Pa.... 1877-78
1891
1880
Pa.... 1877-78
730-762
197
0-23
22
1130-1294 169,170
712-718
197
Value of products in cotton mills
R. I...
1887
22.23
214
Value of products in furniture industry
Mich
1890
121, 189, 277
103
Value of products in pottery industry.
N. J
1880
109-111
128
Value of products in silk industry.
N. J
1880
81-87
128
Value of products in various industries.
N.J.. 1880
75-156
128
Value of products in various industries, in certain years,
Cincinnati.
Ohio..
1877
194-228
163
Value of products of coal mines.
Value of products of convict and free labor, percentages of, in
certain industries.
Ohio.. 1890
U.S... 1886
43-49
181
192-199
221
Value of products of convict labor, 1887
Value of products of cotton mills.
Value of products of founderies and machine shops.
Value of products of glass industry
Value of products of jewellery industry.
Value of products of tanneries..
Value of products of various industries
Value of products of various industries
Value of products of woollen mills...
Mo
Pa..
-
..
•
† Vol. I.
Nebr
·
Pa...
R. I...
Pa.
R. I...
Pa....
Mo..
1887
1881-82
1887
1881-82
1890
1891
1878-79
1887-88
1878-79
342
122
210, 211
198
35
214
45
202
32, 33
214
47
202
† 54-81
119
155-322
121
200, 201
198
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
355

1
Bureau report.
Page.
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Value of products of woollen mills.
Value of products, wages paid, etc., in breweries.
Value of products, wages paid, etc., in glass industry
Value of products, wages paid, etc., in iron industry
Value of products, wages paid, etc., in leather industry
Value of products, wages paid, etc., in lumber industry
Value of products, wages paid, etc., in paper industries
Value of products, wages paid, etc., in textile industries
Value of products, wages paid, etc., in various industries
Value of property in cities and towns.
Values. capital, cost, and profit in various manufactures
Values, capital, cost, and profit in various manufactures.
Vegetables and fruits, shipment of.
Ventilation, air pressure, and safety lamps in coal mines, con-
sideration of.
Ventilation and safeguards against fire in factories, returns
on.
Ventilation and sanitary provisions in public buildings and
school houses, law securing proper (Massachusetts).
Ventilation, drainage, and plumbing, Albany, law relating to.
Ventilation in factories and shops, law providing for proper
Ventilation in factories and shops, law providing for proper
(Massachusetts).
Ventilation in mills, how secured
Ventilation of coal mines. (See Coal mines, ventilation of.)
Ventilation of factories and shops, law providing for proper.
Ventilation of factories and shops, law providing for proper
(Massachusetts).
R. I...
1887
28
214
Pa...
1885
104, 105
207
Pa...
1885
57, 58
206
Pa.
1885
59-74
206
-
Pa.
1885
97-100
206
Pa..
1885
78-92
206
Pa...
1885
93-96
206
Pa.
1885
30-34
206
Pa....
1885
30-120
206
Ind..
1879
358-366
33
Conn
1889
67-87
20
-
Conn
1890
40-43
21
Cal.
1885-86
34,35
9
Pa..
1875-76
466-470
191
N. Y..
1884
44-47
148
R. I...
1888
188-192
216
N. Y
1889
783-784
155
N. J ..
1885
358 359
137
--
R.I...
1885
187, 188
216
Mass
1874
113, 114
71
*
Mass
Minn
-
1890
1889-90
60.61
94
177.178
107
Ventilation of mines. (See Coal mines, ventilation of.)
Vessels entering port of Philadelphia, number and tonnage
of, 1784-1891.
Pa.
1891
22 C-24 C
213
Vessels, liens on. (See Liens on vessels.)
Vessels registered at Philadelphia, engaged in foreign trade,
tonnage of, 1791-1891.
Pa..
1891
25 C
213
Vessels, tonnage and value of, built in Baltimore
Md.
1884-85
141
63
Violation of law regulating employment of women and chil-
dren, form of complaint for.
Mass
1891
XXII, XXIII
95
Violation of law relating to payment of wages.
Mo
•
-
1890
* 8-13
119
Vital statistics..
Ind..
1879
484–192
33
Vital statistics.
Ind..
1882
261-312
36
Vital statistics.
Ind..
1883
229-265
37
Vital statistics.
Ind
1884
439-461
38
Vital statistics.
Vital statistics.
Vital statistics, by occupations.
·
Vital statistics (Great Britain).
P
Ind.
N. D.
Conn
N. J
-
1885-86
411-415
39
1889–90
73-75, 96
161
1885
143-146
18
1889
213-222
144
Vital statistics, Philadelphia..
Pa..
1873-74
368-373
188
Voluntary applicants for admission to prison
Mich
1884
190-192
-
97
Vote, electoral, of the state for presidents and vice-presidents.
Vote for congressmen, by congressional districts..
Pa..
Ind
Vote for governor and President, by counties.
1872-73
1885-86
Ind... 1887-88
305-308
184
324-328
39
320.321
40
Vote for governor, by cities and towns
R. I...
1890
318, 319
217
Vote on constitutions, by counties, 1838, 1873.
Pa
1872-73
302, 303
184
Vote on prohibitory law and local option, 1854, 1873, compared.
Vote, popular, by precincts, counties, and congressional dis-
tricts.
Pa..
1872-73
303, 304
184
Ind..
1889-90
297-369
41
Voters and polls, by counties.
Ind..
1880
228-265
34
Voters, enumeration of, by congressional districts.
Ind...
1883
316-319
37
Voters in the state, statistics of, 1885...
Mass
1888
123-225
90
Voters, polls, and votes cast, statistics of……
Mass
1882
168-182
81
Voters registered, native and foreign, San Francisco.
Cal ...
1887-88
210, 211
12
Voters, statistics relating to ..
Cal ...
1887-88
206-211
12
Votes polled, 1880 and 1882.
Ind..
1883
320, 321
37
Votes, sale of, law prohibiting
Me..
1889
155
61
Voting by employés, law facilitating.
Mass
1890
65, 66
94
Voting by secret ballot, proposed legislation on
►
Conn
1888
271-281
20
W.
Wage system, results of
Mass
1870
158-164
67
Wages and annual earnings of employés in various industries. Pa. 1879-80
Wages and condition of workingmen
202-223
200
Neb. 1889–90
79-90
123
Wages and condition of working women
Ohio.. 1879
267-276
169
Wages and condition of workingwomeu, Boston
Mass
1871
197-230
68
Wages and cost of living, by occupations
Iowa 1884-85
296-345
44
Wages and cost of living of Chinese laborers
Cal... 1883–84
166-168
7
Wages and cost of living of miners
·
Wages and education, views of Thomas G. Shearman on
Wages and expenses, annual, of workingmen's families
Wages and expenses of female employés...
Md. 1890-91
229
66
N. Y.. 1886
Mass . 1871
Ill………. 1881-82
298-302
151
441-447
68
317
25
* Vol. I.
356
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
State.
this
Year.
Page.
book.
Wages and expenses of workingmen's families.
Wages and expenses of workingwomen in various industries.
Wages and expenses of workingwomen in various industries.
Wages and hours of labor, average, of employés on steel rail-
ways, St. Louis.
Wages and hours of labor, average, of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor before and after strikes..
Wages and hours of labor before and aftor strikes and lock-
outs.
Wages and hours of labor before and after strikes and lock.
outs.
Wages and hours of labor in all classes of industries.
Wages and hours of labor in certain trades in leading cities
(United States and Canada).
Wages and hours of labor in foreign countries. United States
consular reports on.
Wages and hours of labor in the state and foreign countries,
compared.
•
Wages and hours of labor in various industries
Wages and hours of labor in various industries
Wages and hours of labor in various industries
Wages and hours of labor in various industries.
Wages and hours of labor of children in various industries
Wages and hours of labor of children in various industries
Wages and hours of labor of employés in bakeries
Wages and hours of labor of employés in blast furnaces
Wages and hours of labor of employés in boot and shoe in-
dustry.
Kans
Cal..
Kans
1888
1887-88
169-265
54
32-66
11
1889
301-310
55
Mo..
1883
136-144
112
Pa... 1875-76
831-860
192
Mich.
1888
400-425
102
Mass
1888
12-59
89
Conn
1887
394-437, 456-461
19
Cal ...
N. Y..
1885-86
1887
588-629
11
173, 174
152
Ohio..
1878
315-320
166
Mass
1874
49-108
71
Cal
1885-86
21-33
9
Cal ……. 1887-88
132-148
11
Cal ... 1889–90
332-340
14
Colo.. 1887-88
288-295
15, 16
Minn
1889-90
200-231
108
N.J
1878
59
125
N. Y.
1890
299-313
155
Ohio..
1880
1101-1105
170
N.J
1885
10-61
135
Wages and hours of labor of employés in boot and shoe in-
dustry.
N. Y..
1890
256-264
155
Wages and hours of labor of employés in boot and shoe in-
dustry.
Ohio..
1882
250-255
174
Wages and hours of labor of employés in breweries..
Wages and hours of labor of employés-in breweries and dis-
tilleries.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in building trades
Wages and hours of labor of employés in carpet factories…….
Wages and hours of labor of employés in certain industries
(Great Britain).
-Wages and hours of labor of employés in cigar and tobacco
industry.
N. Y..
1890
340-344
155
Ohio..
1882
170-178
174
Ohio.
1883
20-26
174
N. Y..
1888
832-839
153
Ohio..
1885
64-74
176
N.J..
1884
50-157
134
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cigar and tobacco
industry.
N. J..
1885
14-87
135
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cigar and tobacco
industry.
N.J ..
1886
156-159
138
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cigar and tobacco
industry.
N. Y..
1890
321-334
155
Wages and hours of labor of employés in clothing mana-
facture.
N. Y..
1888
482-497
153
Wages and hours of labor of employés in clothing manu-
facture.
N. Y..
1800
272-283
155
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines..
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines
Wages and hours of labor of employés in coal mines.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in copper industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton and woollen
mills.
Iowa
1884-85
282-285
44
Kans
1885
140, 141
49
Kans
1886
113-205
50
Kans
1887
260-264
53
-
Kans
1888
146-150
54
Md.. 1884-85
80-86
63
Mich
•
→
1889
Ohio.. 1880
Ohio.. 1832
1887
22-27
102
1216-1225
170
68-79
173
Ohio..
Pa... 1876-77
137-145
179
82-445
194
Pa..
Pa...
1877-78
1878-79
336-535
196
24-48
197
Mich
-
·
1889
N.J.. 1884
94-219
102
18-99
134
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton and woollen
mills.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton and woollen
mills.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton and woollen
mills.
N. J ..
N.J..
1885
N.J.. 1886
1888
18-79
135
46-123
138
276-383
143
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton and woollen
mills.
N. C..
1890
68-94
159
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton and woollen
mills.
N. C..
1891
127-154
160
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton and woollen
mills.
Ohio..
1882
277-279
174
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton mills
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton mills
Wages and hours of labor of employes in cotton mills.
N. Y..
1888
430-437
153
N.C..
Pa..
1887
1877-78
142-147
157
719-729
197
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
357
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton mills
Wages and hours of labor of employés in cotton mills
Wages and hours of labor of employés in factories.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in fire-clay industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in flouring mills.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in flouring wills...
Wages and hours of labor of employés in flouring mills
Wages and hours of labor of employés in flouring mills.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in flouring mills
Wages and hours of labor of employés in flouring mills.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in founderies, rolling
mills, and machine shops.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in glass industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in glass industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in glass industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in glass industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in glass industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in glass industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in glass industry
(Europe).
Wages and hours of labor of employés in granite industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in grindstone industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in gypsum industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in hat industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in hat industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in hat industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in hat industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in hat industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in iron and steel in-
dustries.
Kans
Kans.
--
Pa.... 1878-79
R. I
N. Y.. 1884
212-217-
198
1887
48
214
30-33
148
Mich
Kans
1889
4–7
102
·
1885
•
202, 203
49
1886
385-387
51
1887
206-209
52
Kaus
Kans
1883
87-93
53,54
►
1889
79-88
54
Ohio..
1882
240-243
174
N.J..
1885
8-16, 60-73
135
N.J
1884
4-91
134
N. J
1885
4-49
135
N. J
1886
40-105
138
N. J
1888
248-395
143
N. Y..
1890
335-339
155
Ohio..
1882
46-49
173
Pa...
1884
34-38
205
Me..
1889
30-38
60
Mich
1889
34-11
102
Mich
1889
49-60
102
→
N.J..
1884
36-145
134
N. J
1885
24-91
135
N.J
1887
338,339
141
N. J
1888
253-399
143
-
N. I
1890
295-298
155
Ill.
1881-82
243-245
24
Wages and hours of labor of employés in iron and steel in-
dustries.
N.J..
1884
30-141
134
Wages and hours of labor of employés in iron and steel in-
dustries.
N. J
1885
287-324 136,137
Wages and hours of labor of employés in iron and steel in-
dustries.
Ohio..
1882 106-108, 144-164
173
Wages and hours of labor of employés in iron industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in iron industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in iron industry
Wages and bours of labor of employés in iron industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in iron industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in knit goods factories.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in lead and zinc indus-
tries.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in lead and zinc mines.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in lime industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in lumber industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in musical instrument
factories.
R. I...
N. Y..
Kans
Me
N.J
1886
44-153
138
N. J
1888
250-403
143
N. Y..
Pa..
1890
-179-206
155
1877-78
559-669
197
1887
54
214
1838
439-453
153
1891
-
210, 213
57,58
11
Kans 1886
205-218
50
1889
69
61
Pa.
1877-78
706-711
197
N. Y.
1890
252-254
155
Wages and hours of labor of employés in paper industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in pottery industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in pottery industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in pottery industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in printing and pub- N. Y
lishing industry.
Ohio..
1882
265-272
174
N. J
1884
26,27
134
N. J
1886
152-157
138
Ohio..
1882
52-59
173
1890
231-245
155
Wages and hours of labor of employés in printing industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in shipbuilding
Wages and hours of labor of employés in shipbuilding
Wages and hours of labor of employés in shipbuilding
Wages and hours of labor of employés in shipbuilding (Scot-
land).
Ohio..
1882
21-25 173
Me ...
1889
96.97
61
N. J
1884
166-169
134
N. J
1885
14, 15
135
Me...
1889
94
61
Pa..
N. Y
Wages and hours of labor of employés in shoe industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in silk industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in silk industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in silk industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in silk industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in slate industry.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in slate quarries
Wages and hours of labor of employés in steel works
Wages and hours of labor of employes in stone industry
Wages and hours of labor of employés in tanneries
Wages and hours of labor of employés in tobacco factories ...
Wages and hours of labor of employés in tobacco factories
Wages and hours of labor of employés in type founderies .
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries..
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Ill..
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries. Iowa..
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Kans
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Kans
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Kans
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Kans
N. J
1886
48-145
138
N. J
1884
14-101
134
N. J
1885
18-83
135
N. J
1886
372-375
139
N.J..
1888
271-413
143
Mich
1889
-
14-16
102
1872-73
265
184
Mich
1890
1889
179-206
155
67-82
102
Pa..
1878-79
264-273
198
N. C
1887
154-1614
157
N.C.
1801
207-226
160
N. Y..
1890
245-248
155
Ill.
1881-82
287-348
25
1883-81
1-52 25,26
1884-85 |
300-345
41
1835
143-194, 204–215
49
1886
113-436 | 50, 51
1887
1888
·
75-171.206-209 52, 53
260-264
87-111
53, 54
358
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
:
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
of
State.
this
Year.
Pago.
book.
before and after strikes.
N.J..
1887-88
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Kans
Wages and hours of labor of employés in Farious industries.. Me...
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Mass
Wages and hours of labor of employes in various industries.. Mass
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Mass
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Mass
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Mass
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Mich
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Mo
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Mo
Wages and hours of labor of employés iu various industries.. Mo..
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Mo
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Neb.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N. J
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N..J.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N.J.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N.J..
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N. J ..
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N. J
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N. J
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N. Y
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N. Y..
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N.C..
Wa ages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N. C
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N.C.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N. C
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. N. C
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Ohio
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Ohio
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries…. Ohio..
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries…. Ohio ….
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Pa.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Pa 1881-82
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Pa. 1886-87
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. U.S...
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries.. Wis 1885-80
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries,
1878-79
1889
-
14-28, 328-391
54-56
1888
40-79
59, 60
1871
188-422
68
1872
122-261, 530,531
69
1873
76-85
70
1876
18-258
73,74
1885
121, 122
85,86
1889
4-227
102
·
1882
73-108
111
1881
146-222
113
1885
89-92
114
1887
26-96
116
377,378
123
1878
51-59
125
1880
6-28
128
1882
9-57, 351-367 131,132
1883
1884
4-78
XXV-203
133
134
1885
XXXV-109, 287-135-137
324
1888
243-449
143
1888
27-1072 153
1890
113-381
155
1887
11-14, 16-31,52-
156
61
1888
8-169
157
1889
272-277
159
1890
176-214
159
1891
225-361
160
1881
142-168
172
1882
6-317 173,174
1884
246-248
175
1887
163-277
179
291 347
198
76-81
202
•
4H-7H
209
1885
293-410
221
462-481
28
-
Ohio.. 1887
57-72
179
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries, R. I...
before and after strikes, 1881-'86.
1887
65
214
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries,
by nationalities.
Mich.
1889
223-227
102
Wages and hours of labor of employés in various industries,
St. Louis.
Mo.
1884
214-222
113
Wages and hours of labor of employés in wood-working in-
dustries.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in woollen mills.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in woollen mills
Wages and hours of labor of employés in woollen mills.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in woollen mills.
Wages and hours of labor of employés in woollen mills.
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways
Wages and hours of labor of employés on street railways in
various cities.
·
N. Y..
1890
207-230
155
邊
​N. Y
1888
465-471
153
N.C..
1887
58.59
156
Pa..
1877-78
712-718
197
Pa
R. I...
Cal ..
1878-79
1887
1883-84
202-205
198
51
214
218-222
8
Conn
·
Iowa
1890
1884-85
67-98
21
266-271
43
·
Iowa
1886-87
228-231
44
-
Kans
1886
435,436
51
·
Kans
1887
290-295
53
•
Kans
1888
293-297
54
·
Kans
1880
383-391
55, 56
Mo
1884
94-109
112
•
Mo
1885
* 182-191
115
•
·
Mo... 1887
126-134
116
Ohio.. 1888
221-230
179
• ·
Pa... 1882-83
100
204
Pa..
1884
157-159
206
•
-
Pa...
1885
108-113
207
Ohio..
1882
6-15, 346
174
Wages and hours of labor of farm laborers
Wages and hours of labor of farm laborers
Wages and hours of labor of farm laborers
Wages and hours of labor of female employés in various in-
dustries.
N. J
1880
16-19
128
·
N. J ..
1884
200-203
134
N. J
1885
110, 111
135
+
Colo
1887-88
323-329
16
·
Wages and hours of labor of female employés in various in-
dustries.
Ill....
1881-82
347
25
Wages and hours of labor of female employés in various in-
dustries.
N.J..
1888
430-449
143
Wages and hours of labor of metal worker.
N. Y..
1890
345-349
155
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Ill... 1879-80
215, 216
23
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Ind. 1889-90
• ·
392, 440
12
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
359
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
W
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
and hours of labor of railroad employés
ages
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of railroad employés
Wages and hours of labor of spinners in cotton milla
Wages and hours of labor of unskilled laborers..
Wages and hours of labor of unskilled laborers
Wages and hours of labor of weavers in cotton mills
Wages and hours of labor of workingmen, by occupations
Wages and hours of labor of workingwomen.
Wages and hours of labor of working women in various in-
dustries.
Iowa
Iowa
Iowa
Kans
Kans
1884-85
272-279
43
1886-87
220-227
44
1888-89
206-224
46
·
1885
262-266
49
1886
420-436
51
Kans
1887
268-295
53
Kans
1888
266-297
54
Kans
1889
335-301
55, 56
Kans
1891
42-117
57
Neb.
1887-88
356-373
123
N.J
1878
255-263
126
N. Y
1890
353-358
155
N.C..
1887
163-171
157
Ohio.
1877
284-287
163
Pa...
1876-77
546-587
195
Pa..
1877-78
670-705
197
N.C..
1887
142
157
-
Mass
1873
90-108
70
N.C..
1887
142. 143
157
N.C..
1887
142, 143
157
Ill... 1883-84
351-356
27
Me...
Cal
1888
1887-88
68-79
60
32-49, 80-84
11
Wages and hours of labor of working women in various in-
dustries.
Minn 1887–88
140-147
106
Wages and hours of labor of working women in various in-
dustries.
N. Y..
1885
20-59
150
Wages and hours of labor, relation between
N. Y..
1890
634-678
156
Wages and labor in machine mining..
Ill..
1887-88
342.343
31
Wages and materials, relation of, to products.
Wages and modes of payment, consideration of
Cal.
1883-84
237-243
8
Pa
1879-80
192-201
200
Wages and number of employés in coal mines, by counties...
Wages and number of employés in gas works.
Wages and number of employés in various industries
Wages and number of railroad employés
Wages and number of railroad employés
Ind... 1889-90
454 456
42
Ohio..
1879
167, 168
168
Mo
1891
155-322
121
Me...
1891
131-136
62, 63
Wis..
1883-84
223-226
236
Wages and number of women and children in pottery industry.
Wages and number of women and children in silk industry.
Wages and number of women and children in various indus.
N. J
N.J..
1880
110-112
128
N.J
1880
110-112
128
N. J
N.J..
1880
78-154
128
tries.
Wages and personal property, exemption of, from execution,
law relating to.
Ohio..
1880
13-83
172
Wages and prices, comparative, in the state and Great Britain. Mass
1860-'83.
1885
103-157
85, 86
Wages and prices, consideration of, by Carroll D. Wright and
Charles F. Pidgin.
N.J..
1882
69-75
131
Wages and prices, historical review of, 1752-1860
Mass
1885
159-169
86
Wages and prices. laws relating to
Conn.
1887
89-94
18
Wages and prices of food in the sete and Australia, compared.
Ohio..
1885
136
176
Wages and prices of produce, etc., legislation relating to,
1640, 1641, 1774, and 1777.
Conn
1887
81-94
18
Wages and prices of provisions, 1860, 1872, 1878
Mass
1879
59-95
77
Wages and prices, regulations of
Conn
1887
71-94
18
Wages and prices, statistics of
Mass
1885
103-469
85.86
Wages and products in various industries, employers' returns
of.
Ill..
1879-80
123-156
23
Wages and profits, consideration of…….
Conn
Wages and rates of labor [rates per hour] of employés in
building trades.
Wis
1885
1889
1-43
17
57-120
239
Wages and rents, statistics of Chicago.
Ill
Wages and salaries of employés in banks
Wages and salaries, preferred claims in cases of assignment,
law making.
-
Ind..
1881-82
1879
349-351
25
234-289
N. Y..
1887
710
33
153
Wages and trade societies
Ill.
1879-80
229-232
23
-
Wages and working time, average of employés in glass in-
dustry.
N.J..
1878
116-119
126
Wages and working time in agricultural implements and
iron-working industries.
Mich
1391
1-450
104
Wages and working time of employés in breweries, St. Louis
Wages and working time of employés in car shops, St. Louis
and St. Charles.
Mo....
1891
689-704
121
Mo...
1891
666-688
121
Wages and working time of employés in furniture industry..
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of employés in mines.
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of employés in vari-
ous industries (Europe).
Mich
1890
2-304 103
Ohio ..
1881
52-57
172
U.S...
1885
411-456
221
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of "exodusters"
families.
Kans
1885
248-257
49
Wages (annual earnings and expenses of mine employés Mo...
families.
1889
298-408 118
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of miners' families.
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of miners' families...
Ohio..
1880
1227-1230
170
Ohio
1882
90-93
173
360
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
of
this
State. Year.
Page.
book.
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of miners' families.
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of miners' families.
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's Ill
families.
Ohio.. 1883
208-212
174
Obio.. 1884
274.275
175
Ill..
1879-80
77-122
23
1881-82
287-346
25
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's Ill....
families.
1883-84
133-414
26, 27
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's Kans
families.
1885
204-215
49
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's Me...
families.
1887
61-75
58
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
Me...
1888
40-63
59
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's Mass
families.
1870
406, 407
68
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's Mass
families.
1874
260, 261
72
Wages [annual earnings! and expenses of workingmen's
families.
Mich 1890
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's Mich 1891
families.
3-305
103
-
3-450
104
-
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
famllies.
Mo..
1890
* 395-569
120
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
N. J
1878
56-58
125
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
N. J
1879
48-60
127
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
N. J
1880
38-62
128
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
N. C..
1887
16-31
156
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
Ohio..
1879
208-253
168.
Wages (annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
Ohio...
1880
1227-1230,
171
- 1334-1339
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
Ohio..
1881
34-49
172
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
Ohio ..
1882
90-93, 219–226, 173,174
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's
families.
Ohio..
1883
348-350
110-136
174
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's Ohio..
families.
1886
190-230 178
Wages [annual earnings] and expenses of workingmen's Pa... 1880-81
families.
160-171
201
Wages [annual earnings] and expensos of workingmen's Mo
families, in the state and Europe.
1885
99-102
114
Wages [annual earnings] and hours of labor of employés in
coal Juines.
Ohio.
1885
201-208
177
Wages [annual earnings] and hours of labor of employés in
various industries.
Wages [annual earnings and hours of labor of workingmen,
by occupations.
N.J... 1886
Ill....
5-163
138
1883-84
351-350
27
Wages [annual earnings] average of employés in various in-
dustries.
Wages [annual earnings] and working time of railroad em-
ployés by occupations.
Wages [annual earnings] compared, 188587
Pa... 1872-73
409-411
185
U.S.. 1889
108-879
230
Wages [annual earnings] in the state, Iowa, and Canada, com-
pared.
Kans.
Kans
1887
166, 167
52
1887
168, 169
52
Wages [annual earnings] of employés in building trades.
Wages [annual earnings] of employés in cotton and woollen
Wis
Mass
1888-89
1881
7-56
239
417-441
80
mills.
Wages [annual earnings] of employés in founderies and ma-
chine shops.
Ohio..
1877
111, 112
163
Wages fannual earnings] of employés in rolling mills.
Wages annual earnings] of employés in various industries
Wages [annual earnings] of employés in various industries
Ohio..
1877
81
162
Mo...
1880
43-57
109
N.J...
1885
XXXV-183, 287- 135-137
324
Wages [annual earnings] of employés in various industries .. Ohio.. 1877
Wages Jannual earnings] of employés in various industries,
1877-'86.
206-256 162
Ohio.
1886
238, 239
178
Wages [annual earnings] of railroad employés..
Μο
1887
100-122
116
-
Wages [annual earnings] of railroad employés
Mo
1888
139-169
118
Wages [annual earnings] of railroad employés
US
1889
84-879
230
Wages [annual earnings] of workingwomen, by cities and in- U.S
dustries.
Wages [annual earnings] of women and children, statistics of. Ill….
Wages [annual earnings] of workingmen's families (employés' | N. C
returns).
1883-84
271-302 26, 27
1889
272-276
159
1888
484-625
225
* Vol. I.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
361
7
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Wages [annual earnings] of workingwomen, St. Louis, Kan-
sas City, and St. Joseph.
Mơ..
1891
480-482
121
Wages, appeals from judgment of justices of the peace in
suits for, law regulating.
Pa.... 1879-80
438, 439
200
Wages, appeals from judgments of justices of the peace in
suits for, law regulating.
Pa..
1880-81
596, 597
202
Wages, average monthly, of teachers..
Wages, assignment of. (See Assignment of wages.)
Wages, attachment of. (See Attachment of wages.)
Wages (average annual earnings] of employés ín various in-
dustries.
Wages (average annual earnings] of railroad employés..
Wages, average daily gains in, per employé, resulting from
strikes.
Wages, average daily, of employés in various industries, 1885-'90
Wages, average (derivable), of employés in various indus-
tries.
Wages, average, for men, women, and children (as classes) in
cotton and woollen mills.
W ages, average monthly, of teachers.
N.J..
1881
5-75
129
Mo...
1883
129-134
112
U.S..
1887
19-25
223
Kans
1891
125, 126
57
Pa...
1887
24D-27D
208
Mass.
1881
358-369
80
Ohio.. 1879
170-173
168
Ohio..
1880
1313-1316
171
Wages, average, of children in various industries.
Wages, average, of clergymen and teachers
R. I...
1888
119
215
Mass
1874
24-27
71
Wages, average, of employés in blast furnaces.
Pa...
1875-76
636-689
192
Wages, average, of employés in coal mines..
Pa...
1875-76 324–331, 444-463
191
Wages, average, of employés in forges..
Wages, average, of employés in cotton mills
Wages, average, of employés in cotton mills
Pa.
R.I..
1875-76
715-725
192
1887
22.23
214
Pa..
1875-76
693-698
192
Wages, average, of employés in founderies and machine shops. R.I...
Wages, average, of employés in glass industry.
Wages, average, of employés in glass industry
1887
35
214
Pa
1874-75
Pa... 1875-76
531
190
706-714
192
Wages, average, of employés in iron and steel industries
Wages, average, of employés in iron ore mines.
Wages, average, of employés in jewellery industry
Wages, average, of employés in rolling mills.
Wages, average, of employés in shipbuilding.
Wages, average, of employés in various industries...
Wages, average, of employés in various industries
Wages, average, of employés in various industries.
Wages, average, of employés in various industries.
Pa..
1874-75
530
190
Pa..
1875-76
495-498
192
R. I..
1887
32,33
214
•
Pa...
1875-76
587-633
192
Pa..
1874-75
528, 529
190
Mo
1883
149-154
112
Ohio..
1888
232-252
179
Pa...
1875-76
572-586
192
R. I...
1888
112-119
215
Wages, average, of employés in various industries.
Wages, average, of employés in various industries.
Wages, average, of employés in various industries, compared,
1881, 1882.
U. S
1885
143-174, 220-241
219
-Wis
Ohio..
1887-88
1882
142-160, 216-237
238
337-346
. 174
Wages, average, of employés in woollen mills.
Wages, average, of employés in zinc ore mines.
R. I...
1887
28
214
Pa..
1875-76
494
192
Wages, average, of employés of Pennsylvania Coal Company.
Wages, average, of employés of Philadelphia and Reading
Coal and Iron Company.
Pa
1874-75
492
190
Pa
1874-75
487, 488
190
Wages, average, of farm laborers, by counties.
Ohio..
1888
248-250
179
Wages, average, of female school-teachers.
R. I...
1889
146
216
Wages, average, of railroad employés
Ohio..
1888
214-219
179
Wages, average, of school teachers.
Pa..
1874-75
421-427
189
Wages, average, of school teachers, by counties.
Pa.
1875-76
932-937
193
Wages, average, of school teachers, by counties.
Pa..
1880-81
258,259
201
Wages, average weekly, of employés in various industries s..
Wages, average weekly, of employés in various industries.
Wages, average weekly, of employés in various industries
Wages, average weekly, of employés in various industries,
1860, 1872, 1878.
Mass
1882
420-426
82
-
Ohio
1877
298-301
- 162
Ohio
1880
1038-1091 171
Mass
1879
66-67
77
Wages before and after strikes.
N. T..
1877
64-88
152
Wages before and after strikes.
N. Y..
1888
* 20-41
153
Wages before and after strikes..
N. Y
1889
491-526 154,155
Wages before and after strikes and lockouts.
U. S
1887
38-679
224
Wages, bi-weekly payment of, law relating to, considera-
Mo
1891
7-10
120
tion of.
Wages, by occupations, 1752-1860.
Mass
1885
201-427
86
Wages, capital, and profits in maunfactures.
Conn
1888
35-44
19
Wages, causes of rise or fall in, opinions of employers and
employés on.
N. Y ..
1888
1041-1072
153
Wages, classified weekly, of employés in various industries.
Mass
1889
403-443
92
Wages, collection of, law relating to.
Ohio
1879
313
169
Wages, collection of, law relating to...
Ohio
1880
1382
172
Wages, collection of, law relating to.
Ohio
1881
246
173
Wages, collection of, law relating to.
Wis.. 1883–84
172
236
Wages, comparative, in the state and Great Britain, 1860-'83
Wages, condition, and number of employés in oil refining
Cleveland.
Mass
1884
135-433
84, 85
Ohio
1878
220-221
165
Wages, consideration of .
Mass
1873
440-461
70
Wages, cost of living, and homes of wage workers..
Wages, cost of living, and homes of wage workers
Iowa 1886-87
lowa 1888-89
5-195
41
5-101
45
* Part III.
362
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
1
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
this
State.
Year.
Pago.
book.
Wages, cost of living, etc., of employés in coal mines..
Wages, credit system for payment of, consideration of..
Wages, daily and annual, by occupations, counties, and cities.
Wages, daily and annual, of employés in various industries..
Wages, daily, weekly, and annual, in various industries
Wages [earnings] and expenses of working girls, Boston.
Wages [earnings] and expenses of workingmen's families.
Wages [earnings] and hours of labor of employés in various
industries.
Wages [earnings] and hours of labor of employés in various
industries.
Iowa
Mass
Md..
Mass
Iowa. 1886-87
Conn 1886
1888-89
165-187
44
XXXI-LX, 61-71
18
10-86
45
1876
22-258
73,74
1890-91
237-258
66
1884
76-118
84
Kans.
1889
199-280
55
N.J ..
1883
XXVII-XXXII,
133
4-78
N.J
1884
XXV-203
134
Wages [earnings] and hours of labor of employés in various
industries.
Ohio
1880
1320-1332
171
Wages [earnings] and hours of labor of employés in various
industries.
Ohio
1882
9-15, 27-78
173
Wages [earnings] and number of employés in various indus-
tries.
Wages [earnings] and working time, actual and theoretical,
of employés in coal, iron, and steel industries.
Wages earnings] and working time, actual and theoretical,
of employés in cotton, woollen, and glass, etc., industries.
Wages earnings], annual, of men, women, and children, by
occupations, U. S. Census, 1880.
Wages [earnings], annual, of unmarried persons, by occupa
tions.
Wages [earnings], average, of employés in coal mines.
Wages [earnings], cost of living, etc., of employés in various
industries.
Wages [earnings] daily and annual, of employés in various
industries.
Wages [earnings], exemption of, from attachment and execu-
tion, law relating to (amended).
Wages [earnings], influence of trades unions on...
Mass
1873
71-90
70
U.S.. 1890
285-579
232
U.S..
1891
365-784 234
Conn
1885
132-135
18
Cоnи
1888
132-135
20
Ohio
1883
15
174
Colo .. 1887-88
250-253
15, 16
Με
1891
11-130
62
Wis.. 1885-86
14
237
Ill...
1883-84
328-331
27
Wages [earnings of children.
Mass
1876
28-258
73,74
Wages earnings] of employés in coal mines.
Ohio
1877
+86-151
163
·
Wages [earnings] of employés in coal mines
Pa...
1889
35 B-66 B
210
W
Wages [earnings] of employés in cotton and woollen mills
ages [earnings] of employés in iron and steel industries, by
occupations.
Mass
1870
392-401
68
Pa...
1887
9C-51C
208
Wages (earnings] of employés in textile industries, by occu-
pations.
Pa...
1887
51C-53C
208
Wages [earnings] of employés in various industries
Wages Learnings] of employés in various industries..
Wages fearnings] of employés in various industries.
Wages (earnings] of employés in various industries.
Wages Learnings] of employés in various industries.
Wages [earnings] of employés in various industries, by occu-
pations.
Mass
1870
378-409
68
Mass
1883
179-241
83
N.J..
1882
9-57
131
Pa..
1878-79
321-347
198
-
Wis
1883-84
177-203
236
Pa...
1887
4H-1111
209
Wages [earnings] of female employés in various industries.
Wages [earnings] of school teachers..
R. I..
1889
26-146
216
Iowa
1884-85
246-259
43
Wages [earnings] of wives.
Mass
1876
48-258
73.74
Wages, effect of assignments on claims for, law relating to.
Pa..
1879-80
438,439
200
Wages, effect of assignments on claims for, law relating to….
Pa..
1880-81
596, 597
2002
Wages, effect of convict labor on
Nebr
1887-88
342
122
Wages, effect of eight-hour day on.
N. Y..
1890
610-633
156
Wages, effect of labor organizations on
N. J ..
1887
47-64, 170-178
140
Wages, effect of strikes ön
N. Y..
1886
633-640
151
Wages, effect of strikes on
N. Y..
Wages, effect of strikes on
N. Y..
1889
1800
257-270, 491-526
154
779-858
156
Wages, exemption of, from attachment and execution, law
relating to. (See Exemption.)
Wages for coal mining..
Wages, fortnightly payment of, law providing for
Md
Me..
1890-91
226
66
1887
167
61
Wages, fortnightly payment of, law providing for
Me
1889
149
61
Wages, gains in, resulting from strikes
N. Y..
1887
123-125
153
Wages, gains in, resulting from strikes
Wages, general condition, and cost of living of employés in
coal mines.
N. Y..
Iowa.
· 1888
1888–89
*70
153
134-169
46
Wages, highest and lowest, of employes in various industries
Wages, bighest, lowest and average, of children employed
in various industries.
Mo
1881
10, 11
110
R. I...
1891
166-180
218
Wages, hours of labor, and cost of living of female employés.
Wages, hours of labor, and number of employés on railroads.
Wages in cases of assignment, law securing
Wages in cases of insolvency, law securing.
Colo
1887-88
Ind... 1889-90
323-329
16
392-440
42
Ohio..
1878
326
166
Mass
1890
27,28
94
*
Wages in cases of insolvency, law securing.
Wages in glassworks, San Francisco
N.J
Cal …….
1885
364, 365
137
1889-90
71
13
Wages in the state and Europe compared.
Me.
1887
79
58
Wages in the state and foreign countries compared
Mich
1889
229-247
102
Wages in the state and Great Britain, comparison of
Pa....
1884
1-45
202
* Part III.
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
363
Subjects.
Bureau report.
Page

of
State.
Year.
Page.
this
book.
Wages in the state and various states compared..
Wages in trades in the state and foreign countries compared
Wages in United States and Europe compared.
Wages in United States and Europe compared
Wages in United States and Europe compared.
Cal
1885-86
139-142
9
Cal
1885-86
143, 144
8
Cal
Ohio..
1883-84
252-276
8
1879
291-301
169
-
Wages, increase of, in cotton and woollen mills, Lawrence,
Wages in various industries, by state and foreign countries
compared.
Wages in various industries for a series of years
Wages in various industries, increase and decrease of
Wages, increase and decrease of, 1860, 1878..
Wages, increase and decrease of, in cotton and woollen mills
Wages, increase and decrease of, in various industries.
Wages, increase and decrease of, in various industries
Wages, increase of, in certain trades, Lancashire, England,
1850, 1860, 1870, 1877, 1883.
1861-'73.
Wis 1883-84
Ma..
238
236
1884-85
184-186
63
Ill.
1885-86
335-361
29
-
N. J .. 1880
75-156
128
Mass
1879
66-80
77
N.C..
1891
162-199
160
Kans
1890
97-106
56
Wis
1887-88
142–160
238
Mass
1884
426-431
85
Mass
1874
256,257
72
Wages, inequality of, consideration of...
Conn
1885
8-10
17
Wages, liability of stockholders for, law relating to
Mass
•
1890
29
94
·
Wages, liens för, and coal lease mortgages, law relating to
(amended).
Pa.... 1879-80
437, 438
200
Wages, Lockport Water Supply Co.'s liability for, law de-
fining.
N. Y..
1887
707
153
Wages, losses in, resulting from boycotts, lockouts, and
strikes.
N. Y..
1887
47-60, 105-117,
132
161-165. 444-
517
Wages, losses in, resulting from boycotts, lockouts, and
N. Y..
1889
418-765 154, 155
strikes.
Wages, losses in, resulting from strikes
N. Y..
1888
*
66, 67
153
Wages, losses in, resulting from strikes
N. Y.
1890
955-958
156
Wages, miners', law relating to
Md...
1884-85
247-249
64
Wages, modes of payment of. (See Payment of wages.)
Wages, monthly, of coal miners.
Kans
1889
167-179
55
Wages, monthly, of employés in coal mines.
Ohio ..
1879
74.75
167
Wages, monthly, of railroad employés
l'a.
1879-80
224-239
200
Wages, monthly, of railroad employés
Pa.
1881-82
74.75
202
Wages, monthly payment of, law providing for.
Pa…..
1880-81 174–176, 592, 593 (201,202
Wages, Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, etc., Company's,
N. Y ..
1887
706
153
liability for, law defining.
Wages, number of strikes for, increase of, by industries
Conn
1887
392-433
19
Wages of apprentices
Cal
1887-88
217-219
12-
Wages of bookfolders, Philadelphia, 1835
Pa.
1880-81
265
201
Wages of bottlemakers (England)
E
N. J
1881
75-77
129
Wages of carpet workers, New York City, 1883, 1887.
N. I
1889
653-656
155
Wages of children in various industries
Kans
1890
40.52-54
56
Wages of children in various industries.
Mich
1885
71-89
98
→
Wages of children in various industries.
Mich
1887
242-264
101
Wages of children in various industries.
N. J
1879
109-156
127
Wages of children in various industries, in United States and U.S...
Europe.
1885
168-174
219
Wages of city, borough, and town'employés
Conù
1890
99-128
21
Wages of clerks, Chicago.
lll ..
1881-82
352-354
25
Wages of coal miners.
Ill...
Wages of coal miners……….
Mo
1884
1887-88 336, 337, 357–442
272-279
31
113
Wages of coal miners based on prices of coal at Port Carbon,
Pa.. 1869-72.
Mass
1881
27-45
79
Wages of coal miners, mode of payment of, report of com-
mittee on.
Ohio.
1883
290-315
175
Wages of convict labor under contract system..
Wages of employés a lieu, law making
Wages of employés a lien, law making
Wages of employés a lien, law making (amended)
Ohio.
1877
329-337
163
Pa..
1879-80
486, 437, 440
200
Pa..
1880-81
594-596
202
Wages of employés and number of spindles in cotton mills
Wages of employés and time employed in various industries.
Wages of employés before and after strikes and lockouts, by
industries.
Pa
Ohio
1882-83
175a-176α
204
1879
185
168
-
Obio.
Conn..
1879
10-14
166
1887 394-437, 456–461
19
Wages of employés, highest and lowest, in various indus-
tries, 1869.
Mass
1870
404-409
170
68
Wages of employés in agricultural implement industry
Wages of employés in agricultural implement industry
Wages of employés in blast furnaces
Obio..
1880
Pa.. 1888
Ohio.. 1877
1139-1143
SIC
210
51-53
162
Wages of employés in blast furnaces
Pa….
Wages of employés in blast furnaces
Pa.
1874-75
1878-79
298-312
189
72-81
197
Wages of employés in blast furnaces
- •
Pa
1888
240-280
210
Wages of employés in blast furnaces, 1878–`81
Wages of employés in blast furnaces. 1878–82
Pa.
1880-81
160
201
Pa.
1881-82
70
202
Wages of employés in boot and shoe industry
Mass
1871
233-239
68
Wages of employés in boot and shoe industry
Wages of employés in boot and shoe industry
Mass
1872
122-133
69
Pit..
1888
760-78C
210
Wages of employés in-boot and shoe industry, 1866, 1872, 1878
Wages of employés in brass industries, by occupations...
Mass
1879
-
68
77
Coun
1888
48-51
19
* Part III.
364
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Page.
of
this
book.
Wages of employés in breweries and distilleries.
Pa.
1888
92C, 93C
210
Wages of employés in brick industry.
Pa…….
1888
72C-75C
210
Wages of employés in building trades.
Mo..
1879
54-62
109
Wages of employés in building trades, in the state and
Europe compared.
Wis.
1888-89
44-45
239
•
Wages of employés in building trades in various cities and
Ohio..
1880
1250-1258
170
towns.
Wages of employés in building trades in various cities and
towns.
Ohio..
1881
170-175
173
Wages of employés in building trades in various cities and
towns.
Obio..
1882
26-30
173
Wages of employés in carriage and wagon factories
Wages of employés in carpet industry.
Pa.
1879-80
•
218, 219
200
Pa
1889
45D-50D
211
Wages of employés in cases of assignment, law securing.
Wages of employés in cases of assignment or bankruptcy,
law securing.
N. Y..!
Wis..
1884
1885-86
388
149
14, 15
237
Wages of employés in certain industries, 1860 and 1887
Corn
1888
91-93
19
·
Wages of employés in coal mines
Wages of employés in clothing manufacture
Wages of employés in coal mines.
Wages of, employés in coal mines.
Wages of employés in coal mines.
Wages of employés in coal mines.
Wages of employés in coal mines.
Wages of employés in coal mines.
Wages of employés in coal mines.
Wages of employés in coal mines
Wages of employés in coal mines.
Wages of employés in coal mines.
Mass
1872
72-90
69
Ill..
1889-90
XXVI-201
31
Iowa
1886-87 165-187, 214-217
44
Iowa
1888-89
191-197
46
Kaus.
1886
113-218
50
Μο
1879
89-91
109
Ohio..
1877
124-138
163
Ohio..
1878
44-55
164
Pa...
1872-73
336-380
184
Pa
1874-75 172-215, 487-492 189,190
Pa..
Pa.
1879-80
1888
202–205 200
VI B-123 B, 2C- 209,210
230
Wages of employés in coal mines, 1875-'81.
Pa..
1880-81
160
201
Wages of employés in coal mines, 1875-'82.
Wages of employés in coal mines, 1875-'83.
Wages of employés in coal mines, decrease in.
Wages of employés in coal mines, in Illinois, Indiana, Michi-
gan, and Ohio.
Wages of employés in coal mines, increase and decrease in...
Wages of employés in coal mines, increase and decrease in.
Wages of employés in coal mines, in the state and England..
Wages of employés in Connellsville coke region at different
times.
Iowa
Pa...
1881-82
70
202
Pa.
1882-83
99
204
-
Ohio
1881
58, 59
172
1890-91
174-176
47
Ohio..
1882
89
173
Ohio..
1883
192-196
175
Pa...
Pa...
1884
4-6
205
•
1887
6 F
208
Wages of employés in cotton and print cloth mills...
Wages of employés in cotton and woollen mills .... $
Mass
1872
162-167
69
Pa...
1874-75
359-361
189
Wages of employés in cotton and woollen mills, by age and sex Coun.
1886
77-79
18
Wages of employés in cotton mills
Mass
1871
258-272
68
Wages of employés in cotton mills
Pa...
1872-73
384-386
185
Wages of employés in cotton mills
U. S
1885
151-155
219
·
Wages of employés in cotton mills, 1860, 1872, 1878
Mass
1879
70,71
77
Wages, of employés in cotton mills, by occupations.
Conn
1888
53-55
19
Wages of employés in cotton mills, (United States and Eng-
land).
N. J
1881
80-82
129
Wages of employés in drain tile manufactories..
m
1883-84
606-616
27
-
Wages of employés in each county, by occupations.
Wages of employés in fish industry
Iowa
1886-87
9-139
44
Conn
1889
161-167
20
Wages of employés in founderies, 1875-'81.
Wages of employés in founderies, 1875-'82.
Wages of employés in founderies and machine shops.
Wages of employés in founderies and machine shops.
Wages of employés in founderies and machine shops
Wages of employés in founderies and machine shops
Wages of employés in founderies and machine shops.
Wages of employés in glass industry
Pa...
1880-81
163
201
Pa..
1881-82
73
202
Ohio..
-
Ohio ..
1877
1880
91-116
163
1129-1138
170
-
·
Pa..
1875-76
506-567
192
Pa.
1878-79
174-182
197
•
•
Pa.
1888
53C-59C 209
N.J ..
1883
XXVIII, 4-11, 133.134
30-36,310
Wages of employés in glass industry
Wages of employés in glass industry
Wages of employés in glass industry
Wages of employés in glass industry
Wages of employés in glass industry
Ohio.. 1880
1262-1206
170
Pa...
1878-79
186-189
198
l'a.
1879-80
214-216
200
Pa
1885
47-58
206
·
Pa
1883
94C-102C
209
·
Wages of employes in glass industry, 1875-'81.
Pa..
1880-81
163, 164
201
Wages of employés in glass industry, 1875-'83.
Wages of employés in glass industry, 1875-'82.
Pa.
1881-82
73, 74
202
Pa..
1882-83
102, 103
204
Wages of employés in glass industry, 1879–’84. .
Pa..
1884
36
205
Wages of employés in glass industry, in foreign countries
N. J ..
1883
79, 311-313
134
Wages of employés in glass sand industry of Juniata Valley. Pa.
Wages of employés in granite industry
1885
43
206
Me
1889
9-38
60
Wages of employés in granite quarries
Mo..
1889
132-134
118
•
Wages of employés in iron and steel industries
Pa…….. 1879-80
206-213
200
Wages of employés in iron and steel industries
Pa...
1882-83
99-102
204
Wages of employés in iron and steel industries
Pa...
1888
24C-60C
210
Wages of employés in iron furnaces, Hocking valley region
Ohio..
1877
69
162
Wages of employés in iron industry.
Mo ..
1879
63-68
109
Wages of employés in iron industry..
Ohio..
1878
78-114
164
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
365
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this-
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Wages of employés in iron industry.
Pa....
1872–73
394-396
185
Wages of employés in iron industry, by occupations
Conn.
* 1888
56-62
19
Wages of employés in iron industry, Chicago and England
Ohio..
1886
22
177
compared.
Wages of employés in iron industry, in the state and Eng-
land.
Pa...
1884
7-18
205
Wages of employés in iron-ore mines
Pa..
1882-83
102
204
Wages of employés in Keystone Saw Works
Wages of employés in lead mines
Pa...
1887
25E
208
Μο
1879
91-94
109
Wages of employés in lime and slate industries
Wages of employés in lumber industry.
Me
1889
57-75
61
Pa.... 1875-76
786-813
192
Wages of employés in lumber industry.
Wages of employés in lumber industry.
Wages of employés in lumber industry.
Pa
1878-79
249-259
198
Pa.
1879-80
217
200
Pa.
Wages of employés in lumber industry, 1875-81.
Wages of employés in lumber industry, 1875-'82.
Wages of employés in lumber industry, 1875-83.
Wages of employés in machine shops.
Wages of employés in machine shops.
Wages of employés in manufacturing industries (Massachn-
setts).
Pa..
1888
1880-81
Pa... 1881-82
87C-90C
209
164
201
74
202
Pa
1882-83
103
204
Ohio..
1880
1133-1137
170
Pa...
1887
49c, 50c
208
Pa...
1872-73
412-414
185
Wages of employés in manufacturing industries, Philadel-
phia, 1870, 1871.
Pa.... 1872-73
437-439
185
Wages of employés in metal and metallic goods industries, by
states.
U.S... 1885
159-162
219
Wages of employés in mines.
Wages of employés in mines (Pennsylvania)
Wages of employés in miscellaneous industries.
Μο
Ohio.. 1879
Pa.... 1888
1889 123-131, 266–282
118
76-77
167
2c-107c
210
Wages of employés in oyster industry.
Conn
Wages of employés in oyster industry.
Md
1889
1890-91
116-139, 148, 149
20
53-138
66
Wages of employés in paper mills
Ohio.. 1880
1289, 1290
171
Wages of employés in paper mills
Pa...
1888
82C, 83C
210
Wages of employés in petroleum fields
Pa..
1882-83
21
204
Wages of employés in pottery industry
N. J
1880
110-112
128
Wages of employés in pottery industry.
N.J
1883
78, 276-280
133
Wages of employés in printing and publishing industry
Pa..
1872-73
401-404
185
Wages of employés in rolling mills.
Ohio
1880
1116-1125
170
Wages of employés in rolling mills.
Pa...
1874-75
312-323
189
Wages of employés in rolling mills..
Pa.
1878-79
100-110
197
Wages of employés in rolling mills.
Pa.
1888
29C-35C
210
Wages of employés in rolling mills, 1873-'81
Pa..
1881
161
201
Wages of employés in rolling mills, 1873-'82
Pa... 1881-82
71
202
Wages of employés in ship-building.
Me
1889
77-99
61
Wages of employés in ship-building, (United States and
Europe).
Me...
1889
77-95
61
Wages of employés in silk industry
N. J
1879
109-111
127
Wages of employés in silk industry
N. J
1880
83-85
128
-
Wages of employés in silk industry
N. J
1882
20-22
131
Wages of employés in silk industry
N. J
1883
XXVIII, 10-13,
133
36-39, 178-180
Wages of employés in silk industry, United States and for-
eign countries, compared.
N.J..
1883
183
133
Wages of employés in slate industry
Pa...
Wages of employés in slate industry
Pa.
Wages of employés in slate industry
Pa...
1876-77
1882-83
1888
631-634
195
69
204
79C, 80C
210
Wages of employés in steel industry, 1880-'82.
Pa.... 1881-82
72, 73
202
Wages of employés in steel industry, 1880–'83.
Pa..
Wages of employés in stove founderies.
Ohio
1882-83
1880
101, 102
201
1145
170
Wages of employés in tanneries
Pa……. 1875-76
739-777
192
Wages of employés in tanneries
Pa..
1877-78
730-762
197
Wages of employés in tanneries
Pa…… ·
1879-80
220, 221
200
Wages of employés in tanneries .
Pa...
Wages of employés in tanneries, 1875-'81.
Pa..
1888
1880-81
84C-86C
210
164
201
Wages of employés in tanneries, 1875-82.
Pa.
1881-82
74
202
Wages of employés in tanneries, 1875-83.
Pa
1882-83
104
204
Wages of employés in tanneries, by counties.
Wages of employés in textile industries..
Wages of employés in textile industries..
Pa.
1876-77
446-479
195
Pa.
1879-80
222, 223
200
Pa…..
1888
64C-710,
210
103C-107C
Wages of employés in textile industries, 1878–81.
Wages of employés in textile industries, 1878–82.
Pa...
1880-81
164
201
Pa.
1881-82
74
202
Wages of employés in textile industries, 1878-83..
Wages of employés in textile industries by occupations
Pa.
Conn.
1882-83
104
204
1888
51, 53-55, 51, 61
19, 60
67-70
tions.
Wages of employés in textile industries in the state and
England.
Wages of employés in the state and Europe, comparison of….
Wages of employés in the state and Europe, comparison of...
Wages of employés in United States and Europe, by occupa-
Wages of employés in United States and foreign countries, com-
pared.
Pa....
1884
19, 29
205
Iowa
Iowa
Iowa
1886-87
119
44
-
1888-89
1884-85
64
45
347, 348
44
N. J
1882
58-68
131
366
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries.
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industriés
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
Cal..
Iowa
1883-84
1890-91
129, 211-217
7,8
179-202
47
1
Kans
1889
14-391
54-56
Kans
1890
86-106, 152, 153
56
Me
1887
76-78, 121–127
58
Md..
1884-85
149--186
63
Md.. 1886-87
129-154
65
Mass
1871
159-422
68
Mass
1872
32-261, 514-531
69
Mich
1884
84-101, 154-160
96
Mich
1885
205-245, 278-351
98
Mich
1886
214 401
99
Mo
1879
55-104
109
Μο
1882
67-118
111
Mo...
1890**
*54-569
119
N.J..
1879
48-156
127
N. J ..
1881
142-231
130
Ohio..
1877
111-116, 193–262 162
Ohio..
1878
7-239 164,165
Ohio..
1879
212-227
168
Ohio..
1880
1088-1347 170
Ohio..
1881
62-73, 142-185
172
Ohio..
1890
113-196
181
Pa...
1872-73
382-404
185
Pa..
1876-77
679-691
195
Wages of employés in various industries
R. I...
1887
36-28
214
Wages of employés in various industries
Wages of employés in various industries
R. I..
1888
4-53
215
Wis.. 1888–89
124-161
239
Wages of employés in various industries, 1640, 1641, 1774, and
1777.
Conn.
1887
84-94
18
Wages of employés in various industries, 1860, and 1887, com-
pared.
Coun
1888
71-86, 91-93
19, 20
A
Wages of employés in woollen mills
Wages of employés in various manufacturing industries
Wages of employés in varions manufacturing industries
Wages of employés in woollen mills
Wages of employés in various industries (St. Louis)
Wages of employés in various industries (United States and
Europe).
Wages of employés in various industries, increase and de-
crease in.
Wages of employés in various industries in foreign countries.
Wages of employés in various industries, increase in..
Wages of employés in various industries, increase and de-
crease in.
Wages of employés in various industries, 1885-90
Wages of employés in various industries, 1875-81
Wages of employés in various industries, 1875–82
Wages of employés in various industries, 1880–84
Wages of employés in various industries, by counties
Wages of employés in various industries, by counties
Wages of employés in various industries, by occupations..
Wages of employés in various industries, by occupations,
1875-83.
Wages of employés in various industries, Chicago, New York,
and foreign countries compared.
Wages of employés in various industries, compared, 1861
and 1869.
Wages of employés in various industries, compared, 1873, 1878.
Wages of employés in various industries, compared, 1880, 1884.
Wages of employés in various industries, compared, 1884, 1885.
Wages of employés in various industries, decrease and times
of payment of.
Wages of employés in various industries (employés' returns).
Wages of employés in various industries for certain years...
Wages of employés in various industries in certain states
compared.
Ohio.
Kans
1891
135-166
57
- ·
Pa...
1880-81
160-165
201
Pa.
1881-82
70-75
202
Wis
1883-84
233-237
236
Ind...
1879
390-395
33
Pa....
Ind... 1881
Conn 1888
1882-83
140-161
234
45-70
19
99-105
204
Ohio.. 1886
18, 19
177
Mass
1870
410
68
N. J
1878
108, 109
126
1884
59
175
Ohio..
1885
161-186
176
Ohio..
1884
249-252
175
Pa..
1884
46-49
205
Pa.
1874-75
118-120
188
Mo.
1885
93-96
114
N. J
1880
241-316
129
Ohio
1882
197-200
174
Ohio.
1883
78-80
174
Ohio..
1886 224, 225, 290–315
178
Mo
Ind..
1891
443-474
121
1881
137
34
Ind.
•
1883
Iowa 1884-85
-153-198
36, 37
349-355
44
➡
Cal. 1887-88
Ind.
29-31
11
1883
192, 193
36, 37
Wages of employés in woollen mills
Wages of employés in woollen mills
Wages of employés in woollen mills
Mass.
1871
282-292
68
-
Mass.
1872
172-177
69
Ohio.
1878
159-163
165
Wages of employés in woollen mills
Wages of employés in woollen mills
Wages of employés in woollen mills
Pa... 1875-76
726-736
192
Pa..
1888
64C-71C
210
U. S..
1885
165-167
219
·
Wages of employés in woollen mills, 1860, 1872, 1878 .
Wages of employés in woollen mills, by occupations
Mass.
1879
75,76
77
Conn
1888
68-70
19 -
Wages of employés, law protecting.
Wages of employés, law securing.
relating to.
of employés, liability of successor railroads for, law
* Vol. I.
Pa….
-
N. J..
Wages of employés, liability of stockholders' in gaslight cor- N. J
Porations for, law relating to.
1880-81
594-599
202
1891
66-68, 73, 74
146
1891
70, 71
146
Wis
1885-86
15
237
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
367

Bureau report.
Page
Wages of employés, reduction of, law relating to
Wages of English factory operatives..
-
Subjects.
Wages of employés of Central Pacific Railroad
Wages of employés of corporations, law securing
Wages of employés on piecework in various industries
Wages of employés on piecework in various industries
Wages of employés on piecework in various industries
Wages of employés on piecework in various industries
Wages of employés on piecework in various industries
Wages of employés on public works, law relating to.
Wages of employés on public work, law securing.
Wages of employés on street railways
Wages of employés on street railways
Wages of employés, preferred claims, law making
.-
of
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Cal
1883-84
222, 223
8
N. J..
1890
471, 472
146
N. J
1883
80-109
133
N. J
1884
204-233
134 .
N. J
1885
112-137
135
N. J
1886
164-177
138
N. Y..
1885
32-59
150
Mass
1891
XXIII, XXIV
95
N. J ..
1890
472-474
146
Iowa
1886-87
223-231
44
Pa.
1888
610-63C
210
N. J
1891
68
146
Mo...
1885
228, 229
115.
Mass
1882
427,428
82
Wages of farm laborers
Wages of farm laborers
Wages of farm laborers
Wages of farm laborers
Wages of farm laborers
Wages of farm laborers
Wages of farm laborers
Conn
1888
148-260
20
Iowa
1890-91
19-54
47
Mich
1884
161-174
97
Mich
1888
8-83
101
Mo
1879
40-43
109
Mo
1880
259-265
110
Mo
1884
70-87
112
Wages of farm laborers
Wages of farm laborers
Wages of farm laborers
N.C..
1890
224-314
159
Ohio.
1877
318,319
163
Pa………. 1872-73
405, 406
185
Wages of farm laborers, 1860, 1872, 1878.
Wages of farm laborers, 1860, 1870, 1874.
Wages of farm laborers, by counties
Wages of farm laborers, by counties
Wages of farm laborers, by counties
Wages of farm laborers, by counties
Wages of farm laborers (farmers' returns)
Wages of farm laborers (farmers' returns)
Wages of farm laborers in certain states
Wages of farm laborers in foreign countries
Wages of farm laborers in the state and Europe
Wages of farm laborers in the state and Europe
Wages of farm laborers in the state and Europe
Wages of farm laborers in the state and Europe
Wages of farm laborers in the United States.
Wages of farm laborers in various states and foreign countries
Wages of female employés, times of payment of, in various
industries.
Wages of labor a preferred claim, law making
Mass
1879
67
77
Pa.
1874-75
118
188
Mass
1871
159
68
Mass
1872
32
69
N.C..
1887
82-137
156
Pa..
1879-80
240, 241
200
N.C..
1889
25-141
158
N. C.
1891
14-121
160
N. J
1881
77-79
129
Me...
1887
80-83
58
Iowa
1884-85
188-191
43
Iowa
1886-87
159-164
41
Iowa
1888-89
104-110
45
Mich
1886
175-191
99
-
N. J
1882
53-57
131
Cal
1885-86
49-52
9
-
R. L..
1889
26-136
216
Ohio..
1886
333, 334
178
Wages of labor, law protecting
Wages of laborers in logging industry, law securing.
Ohio..
1886
345
178
Pa...
1879-80
440, 441
200
Wages of laborers on Milwaukee public works, law protecting.
Wages of laborers on Milwaukee public works, law protecting.
Wages of members of trades unions in various industries.
Wages of men, women, and children in cotton and woollen mills
Wages of miners in certain counties, law protecting.
Wages of miners in certain counties, law protecting
Wis
Wis
1883-84
173, 174
236
1885-86
12-14
237
Ohio..
1885
37-51
176
Conn. 1886
80-97
18
Pa.
1879-80
133, 134
200
Pa.
1880-81
589,590
202
Wages of miners, increase in ….
Ohio
Wages of miners, law securing
Pa .
1879
1882-83
98-100
167
172a, 173a
204
Wages of non-residents, attachment of, law relating to
N. J
·
1886
432
•
140
Wages of railroad employés.
Ind..
1881
360, 361
35
Wages of railroad employés.
Ind.
1882
171, 172
36
Wages of railroad employés.
Ind... 1883
224, 225
37
Wages of railroad employés.
Ind... 1884
302, 303
38
Wages of railroad employés.
Wages of railroad employés.
Wages of railroad employés.
Wages of railroad employés.
Wages of railroad employés.
Wages of railroad employés.
Wages of railroad employés.
Wages of railroad employés.
Wages of railroad employés.
·
Ind. 1885-86
392,393
39
Ind... 1887-88 (260-263, 376-390
40
Iowa 1886-87
220-227
44
Iowa 1888-89
206-224
46
Iowa
1890-91
204-207
47
Kans
1890
91-140
56
Me
1887
84-88
58
N.J..
1888
79
143
Pa
1872-73
407,408
185
Wages of railroad employés.
Pa.
1874-75 379–393, 407–410
189
Wages of railroad employés.
Pa
1878-79
222-236
198
Wages of railroad employés.
Pa
1885
114, 115
207
Wages of railroad employés.
U.S.
1889
78-879
230
Wages of railroad employés.
Wis
1883-84
223-226
236
Wages of railroad employés, 1875–81
Pa
1880-81
164, 165
201
Wages of railroad employés, 1875–'84 . .
Pa
1884
30-33
205
Wages of railroad employés, by occupations
Colo
1887-88
294, 295
16
Wages of railroad employés, by occupations
U. S
1889
84-106
230
Wages of railroad employés, by occupations (Great Britain)
U.S.
1889
880,881
231
Wages of railroad employés, compared, 1885-'87
Wages of railroad employés (England)..
Wagos of railroad employés, for à series of years.
Wages of railroad employés in the state and Europe
Wages of railroad laborers, law securing....
-
Kans
1887
287,288
53
Pa
1884
28, 29
205
Ill..
1885-86
340-344
29
Mich
*
1886
191-213
100
Mass
1890
11
94
}
{
368
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

t
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Wages of railroad laborers, law securing
Wages of seamen, exemption of, from attachment, law relat-
ing to.
N. Y..
1884
397, 398
149
Mass.
1890
50
94
Wages of silk-ribbon weavers..
N. Y..
1889
693-696
155
Wages of skilled mechanics and ordinary laborers.
Mass
1883
228-236
83
Wages of spinners in cotton and woollen mills.
Mass
1881
359-369
80
Wages of unskilled workingmen in various cities of the state. Nebr
1880-90
22-26
123
Wages of teachers in public schools..
Ind..
1881
313-315
35
Wages of teachers in public schools.
Ind...
1882
158, 159
35
Wages of teachers in public schools
Ind..
1884
416-419
38
Wages of weavers, deduction of, on account of imperfections,
Mass
1891
XXVI
95
law relating to.
Wages of weavers in cotton and woolen mills..
Mass..
1881
359-369
80
Wages of women and children in various industries (Balti-
more).
Md...
1888-89
97-125
65
Wages of women and children in various industries (counties).
Wages of women in clothing manufacture..
Wages of women in various industries
Md.
1888-89
178-190
65
Wages of working women, by occupations.
Wages of workingwomen, by occupations..
Wages of workingmen in various industries.
Wages of workingmen in various industries (Philadelphia)
1870-'71.
Wages of workingwomen, by occupations and cities
Wages of workingwomen in various industries.
Mass..
Ohio.. 1889
Minn. 1889-90
1871
209-219
68
26-31
180
301-336
108
Pa... 1872-73
439
185
Iowa.. 1886-87
193
44
Iowa.. 1888-89
177
46
Mich..
1892
1-102
104
Mass..
1872
62-105
69
Wages of workingwomen in various industries.
Mich..
1884
98
96
Wages of working women in various industries.
Mich..
1885
243-245
98
Wages of working women in various industries.
Wages of working women in various occupations.
R. I...
1889
140-143
216
Iowa..
1890–91
182-199
47
Wages of workingwomen, investigation of, by Mrs. Leonora
M. Barry.
N. J...
1887
202-206
140
:
Wages or property, attachment of, law relating to..
Wages paid and number of employés in miscellaneous indus-
tries, 1880 and 1885, compared.
N. J...
1885
362,363
137
Conn
1885
118-131 17, 18
Wages paid and number of employés in textile industries,
1880 and 1885, compared.
Conn
1885
128-129
17, 18
Wages paid by manufacturers, merchants, etc...
Wages paid, capital invested, amount and value of products,
etc., in coal mining.
Wages paid, capital invested, amount and value of products,
etc., in iron industry.
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in various
industries.
Wages paid, capital invested, and value of products in estab-
lishments considering the tariff beneficial or detrimental.
Wages paid, capital invested, and value of products in various
industries.
Mich..
1884
154-160
97
Pa.... 1876-77
82-186, 319-441
194
Pa.... 1876-77
500-535
195
Mo...
1879
101, 102
109
Wis... 1883-84
247-252
236
R. I...
1888
108-113
215
Wages paid, capital invested, and value of products in various
industries.
Cal..
1883-84
129
7
Wages paid, capital invested, value of materials and pro-
ducts, etc., in various industries.
Ohio..
1885
151-156
176
Wages paid, capital invested, value of materials and pro-
ducts, etc., in various industries.
Ohio..
1889
86-135
180
Wages paid, capital invested, value of materials and pro-
ducts, etc., in various industries.
Ohio..
1890
01-111
181.
Wages paid, capital invested, value of materials, etc., in cot-
ton mills.
R. I...
1887
20-21
214
Wages paid, capital invested, value of materials, etc., in
founderies and machine shops.
R. L...
1887
34
214
Wages paid, capital invested, value of materials, etc., in
jewellery industry.
R. I...
1887
30-31
214
Wages paid, capital invested, value of materials, etc., in
woollen mills.
R. I...
1887
27
214
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in cot-
ton mills.
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in coal
mining.
Pa... 1877-78
Pa.... 1877-78
336-533
196
719-729
197
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in glass
industry.
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in iron
industry.
Pa....
1876-77
Pa... 1877-78
536-539
195
559-669
197
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in tan-
neries.
Pa.... 1876-77
446-486
195
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in vari
ous industries.
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in tan-
neries.
Pa.... 1877-78
730-762 197
Ohio.. 1880
1130-1294 169,170
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in vari-
ous industries.
Conn.. 1891
20-23
22
Wages paid, capital invested, value of products, etc., in
woollen mills.
Pa.... 1877-78
712-718
197
Wages paid for coal mining, 1856-'91
Md.... 1890–91
226
66
-
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
369

Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Wages paid for convict labor..
Mass..
1871
398
68
Wages paid for free and convict labor, comparison of (deriv- | Mich..
able).
1887
29-38, 102, 103
100
Wages paid, value of products, etc., in breweries
Wages paid, value of products, etc., in glass industry
Wages paid, value of products, etc., in íron industry
Wages paid, value of products, etc., in leather industry.
Wages paid, value of products, etc., in lumber industry
Wages paid, value of products, etc., in paper industry.
Wages paid, value of products, etc., in textile industries....
Wages paid, value of products, etc., in various industries...
Wages paid, value of products, etc., in various industries.
Wages, payment of. (See Payment of wages.)
Wages [personal earnings] and property, exemption of, from
attachment and execution, law relating to.
Pa...
1885
104, 105
207
Pa.
1885
57,58
206
Pa..
1885
59-74
206
Pa...
1885
97-100
206
Pa..
1885
78-92
206
Pa..
1885
93-96
206
Pa...
1885
30-34
207
Pa.
1882-83
73-94
203
Pa...
1885
30-120 206.207
Ohio..
1879
313, 314
169
Wages [personal earnings], exemption of, from attachment,
law relating to.
Ohio..
1879
313
169
Wages [personal earnings], exemption of, from attachment,
law relating to.
Ohio.
1881
248
173
Wages, prices, and profits. statistics of..
Mass
1882
417-459
82
Wages [prices] paid for labor of inmates of houses of correc-
tion, etc.
Mich..
1887
29-38
100
Wages, priority in trial of claims for, law relating to..
Pa..
1879-80
439, 440
200
Wages, priority in trial of claims for, law relating to..
Wages, purchase power of, in the state and England..
Pa.
1880-81
597-599
202
Mass
1872
469-538
69
+
Wages, rates of, and weekly payment of, for cities, law regu-
lating.
Wages, purchase power of, in the state and Europe, compared. Wis
Wages, purchase power of (Wisconsin and Europe)
1888-89
167-176
239
Iowa
1888-89
385, 386
46
Mass
1890
27
94
Wages [rates per hour] and hours of labor of employés in
building trades.
Wis
1888-89
57-120
239
Wages [rates per top] and condition of employés in coal
mines.
Ohio..
1884
268-275
175
ages, relation of, to cost of production.
Wages, relation of, to cost of production.
Wages [salaries] of state officers, etc..
Wages, reduction of, in various industries, since 1872.
Wages, reduction of, law relating to
Wa
Mo... 1879
55-104
109
Mo..
1886
287
116
-
Mass.
1869
1-83
90
Mass.
1890
482-487
95
Mich
1884
175-177
97
Wages, scale of, adopted by carpet weavers, Philadelphia, 1881.
Wages, scale of, agreed upon in Pennsylvania iron works, 1869,
1880.
Wages, scales of, adopted by Amalgamated Association of Iron
and Steel Workers.
Wages, semi-monthly payment of, law providing for..
Wages, theoretical and actual, of employés, in various indus-
tries.
Wages, time and mode of payment of. (See Payment of wages.)
Wages, time of payment. (See Payment of wages.)
Pa
Pa...
1889
18D, 19D
211
Mass
1881
10-18
79
Pa....
1887
15G-23G
209
"
Ohio.. 1890
Md... 1884-85
*26
181
159-181
63
Wages, variation in rates of, as a cause for industrial depres-
sion.
U.S..
1885
141-242
219
Wages, weekly, and hours of labor of employés in shipbuild-
ing (Scotland).
Me
1889
94
61
Wages, weekly, of employés in cotton and woollen mills
Wages, weekly, of employés in iron industry.
Ohio..
1884
108-113
175
Ohio..
1879
21, 23, 33, 43, 48
166
Wageworkers, number of, by occupation and nationality
Wageworkers, statistics of
Wageworkers, statistics of
Wageworkers, statistics of
Wageworkers, statistics of
Wagoworkers, testimony of, regarding their condition
Wages, weekly, of employés in rolling mills and steel works..
Wages, weekly, of employés in various industries..
Wages, average weekly, of women in various industries, New
Haven.
Wages, weekly, payment of. (See Payment of wages.)
Wages, working time, and modes of payment in various in-
dustries.
Wage-earners, returns of
Wageworkers, length of time in United States, in the state,
and at present occupation.
Ohio
1877
75-84
162
Pa.
1885
119, 120
206
Conn.
1886
98-100
18
nl ...
1885-86
256-334
29
Pa..
1887
4H-28H
209
Mich
1881
110-131
96
Mich
1884
102-142
96
Mich
1884
$2-178
96
Mich
1885
116-352
98
•
Mo.
1882
67-123
111
Mo...
1884
143-299
112
Wagon and carriage factories, products of, value of, by coun
ties.
Wagon and carriage factories, wages of employés in.
Wagon and carriage works, capital invested, value of prod-
ucts, etc., in.
Waiters, female, law preventing employment of, at places of
amusement.
Want advertisements for help and situations, statistics of…….
Want advertisements in certain cities, statistics of...
Water and steam power used in various industries..
* Appendix.
13400-24
Mich
Pa...
Md... 1888-89
1886
135-172
99
·
1879-80
78, 79
199
Pa.... 1879-80
Ohio.. 1890
218, 219
200
68-70
181
*13
6.5
Μο
1891
Mo.
1890
Mass. 1877
58-69
120
40-49
119
139-154
75
#
370
1
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
!
Bureau report.
Subjects.
Page
of
State.
this
Year.
Page.
book.
Wealth and industries of the state, statistics of (United States N.J..
census, 1880).
1882
377-404 132
Wealth, taxable, and description of counties..
Weather at Vineland, record of, 1866-'77
Weather reports from various stations in the state, 1889 ...
Weaver, number of looms tended by, in cotton and woollen
mills.
Weaver, product of (derivable), per week, in cotton and
woollen mills.
Weavers, carpet, scale of wages adopted by, Philadelphia,
1881.
Weavers, fines imposed on, law relating to
Weavers, silk-ribbon, wages of...
•
Weavers, wages and hours of labor of, in cotton mills
Weavers, wages of, in cotton and woollen mills..
Weaving, fines for imperfect, law prohibiting.
Weekly payment of wages. (See Payment of wages.)
Weighing of coal at mines, law providing for.
Weighing of coal at mines, law relating to
Weighing of coal at mines, law relating to
Weighing of coal at mines, law relating to
Weighing of coal at mines, law relating to
Weighing of coal at mines, law relating to
Weighing of coal at mines, law relating to (amended)
Weighing of coal, laws regulating (Missouri)
Weights and measures, table of
•
• •
- •
Μο
Pa....
Pa.
Cal
N. J
N.D..
Mass.
1885-86
153-324
9
1878
1889-90
1881
219-222
126
77
161
371-381
80
Mass. 1881
370-380
80
Pa....
1889
18D, 19D
211
Mass
1891
XXVI
95
N. Y..
1889
693-696
155
N.C..
1887
· -
142, 143
157
Mass
1881
359-369
80
Mass
1890
XXVI
93
Iowa 1890-91
252-255
48
Mo...
1885
224-226
115
1886
283-284
116
-
•
1879-80
433-435
200
1880-81
589-591
202
Pa.... 1882-83
173a-175a
204
Mo...
1887
187
117
Kans
1886
191, 192
50
Pa... 1872-73
312
184
Weights and measures, United States, tables of
Neb.. 1889-90
931-942
125
Wheat and flour, exports of, from United States, 1861-'90.....
Wheat, exports of, from United States, Russia, and India,
1852-'90.
Pa..
1890
57 A
211
Pa..
1890
65 A
211
Wheat, prices of, at different periods (Great Britain)
Wheat, relation between exports of, and value of silver
Window glass, cost of production of ....
U.S...
1885
18, 29
218
Pa...
1890
56A-62A
211
Windows and doors in factories to open outward, law requiring.
Wines and liquors, annual consumption of (United States).
Witnesses, imprisonment of, law relating to
Wives, earnings of...
Woman's work and wages, investigation of, by Mrs. Leonora
M. Barry.
U.S..
Mass.
Ind..
N.J..
1891 -
215-269
234
1890
86
94
1885-80
·
428, 429
40
1885
420
137
Mass
1876
48-258
73,74
N. J ..
1887
202-206
140
Women and children. (See Children and women.)
Women and minors employed in factories, hours of labor of,
law regulating.
R. I...
1888
205, 206
216
Women and miñors employed in factories, hours of labor of,
law regulating (Massachusetts).
N. Y..
1884
423, 424
149
Women and minors employed in factories, hours of labor of, R. I...
1888
174, 175
216
law regulating (Massachusetts).
Women and minors, hours of labor of
Mass
1889
450-483
Women as employés, consideration and statistics of..
Mass. 1889
533-565
Women as partners and stockholders.
Mass
Women at work, statistics of……...
Women, average weekly wages of, in various industries, New
Ill.
Conn.
1889
1883-84
522-533
122, 269-283
• •
26, 27
1886
Haven.
Women, children, and minors, employment of, law relating to.
Women, children, and minors, hours of labor of, law regulat-
N. J ..
1883
N. Y..
1884
98-100
452-457
430-432
134
119
ing (New Jersey).
Women [females] and children, employment of in mines, law
relating to (Illinois).
N. Y..
1884
413
149
Woinen, homes for, consideration of....
Women, hours of labor, wages, and expenses of.
Women in industry, consideration, and statistics of
Women in various industries, number and wages of ..
Women, married and mothers, statistics of...
Mass
1874
263-265
Ill...
1881-82
347, 348
Mass.
1889
521-601
Ohio..
1889
26-31
Mass
1878
99-158
Women, married, labor of, on their own account, law relating
to.
Women, married, property of, law relating to...
Women, men, and boys employed in factories and shops, num.
ber of.
Women, men, and children, industries employing, in the state
and Great Britain.
•
Mass 1890
39
N.J..
Ohio..
1885
1888
368
137
253-257
179
22859 9 9 2080 2
93
76
Mass. 1884
310
84
Women, men, and children, number and percentage of, in
Mass
1884
401-408
85
various industries in the state and Great Britain.
Women, unemployed, by occupations, statistics of..
Mass
1889
581-586
93
Women, wage-earners, consideration and statistics of.
Iowa.
1886-87
190-195
44
Women, wageworkers and child labor, consideration of.
Women [wives], earnings of..
Ohio..
1889
18-25
180
Mass
1876
48-258
73, 74
Women's sick, funeral, and benefit societies, history and
statistics of.
Conn
1891
1347-1354
22
-
Women's Homestead League, incorporation of.
Mass
1874
203-265
72
Women's work, consideration of …………
Women's work, prices paid for, consideration of
Wood and coal, prices of, Milwaukee, 1880–'84
Ill.. 1879-80
Ohio.. 1879
Wis 1883-84
235
23
267-276
242-244
169
236
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
371
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Wood Carver's Association, International, history and statis-
tics of.
Conn.
1891
1430
22
Woodworking industries, wages and hours of labor of em-
ployés in.
N. Y..
1890
207-230
155
Wool, cost of, at factory.
Mass
1881
327-341
Wool, cost of transportation of, per ton
Mass
1881
343-357
Wool, cost of, where purchased -
Mass
1881
327-341
8888888888
80
80
80
Woollen and cotton mills. (See Cotton and woollen mills.)
Woollen and cotton textiles, English, rates of tariff on.
Woollen and worsted textiles, cost of production of…….
Woollen and worsted yarns, cost of production of…….
U.S..
1885
251, 252
219
U.S..
1891
137-185
224
U. S
1891
187-194
234
Woollen, cotton, glass, etc., industries. earnings and working
time, actual and theoretical, of employés in.
U.S..
1891
365-784
234
Woollen manufacture, condition of..
Cal .
1889-90
11-18
13
Woollen mill employés, statistics of...
Mass
1876
185-192
74
Woollen mills, annual cost of living of employés in.
Woollen mills, annual earnings of employés in
Mass
1881
419-441
80
Mass
1881
419-441
80
Woollen mills, average wages and annual earnings of employés
in.
R. I...
1887
28
214
Woollen mills, average wages of men, women, and children
(by classes) in.
Mass
1881
358-369
80
Woollen mills, capital invested, value of product, wages
paid, etc.. in.
Pa.... 1877-78
712-718
197
Woollen mills, earnings and hours of labor of employés in
Woollen mills, employés of, statistics relating to.
Woollen mills, hours of labor of employés in.
R. I...
1887
51
214
Conn
1886
94-97
18
Mass
1881
321-475
80
Woollen mills, investigation relative to uniform hours of Mass
1881
321-475
80
labor in, in several states.
Woollen mills, looms per weaver in
Mass
1881
371-381
80
Woollen mills, number of employés in
Ohio..
1879
164–166
168
Woollen mills, number of looms and spindles in.
Woollen mills, number of looms and spindles in
Woollen mills, number of sets of cards in..
Woollen mills, product of spinner per week in
Woollen mills, product per week of looms in..
Woollen mills, products of, amount and value of.
Woollen mills, products of, value of...
Woollen mills, products of, value of
Ohio..
1878
159-163
165
·
Ohio..
1879
164-166
168
Me ...
1890
218
62
Mass
1881
371-381
80
-
Mass
1881
370-380
80
►
•
Pa
1875-76
726-736
192
Pa.
1878-79
200, 201
198
R. I...
1887
28
214
E
Woollen mills, proportion of each sex and of adults and chil
dren in.
Woollen mills, statistics of.
Woollen mills, statistics of...
Woollen mills, statistics of.
Woollen mills, statistics of..
-
Woollen mills, statistics, relating to employés in.
Woollen mills, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Woollen mills, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Woollen mills, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Woollen mills, wages and hours of labor of employés in
Woollen mills, wages of employés in.
Woollen mills, wages of employés in.
Woollen mills, wages of employés in
Woollen mills, wages of employés in.
Woollen mills, wages of employés in.
Woollen mills, wages of employés in.
•
-
-
Woollen mills, wages of employés in, by occupations
Mass .
1881
358-368
80
Pa.
1876-77
543-545
195
Pa
1877-78
712-718
197
Pa..
1878-79
200-209
198
R. I...
1887
25-29
214
Mass
1871
279-292
68
N. Y..
1888
465-471
153
N. C
1887
58,59
156
·
Pa
1877-78
712-718
187
-
Pa
1878-79
202-205
198
Cal
1887-88
29-31
11
Ind...
1883
192, 193
36, 37
Ohio.. 1878
159-163
165
Pa... 1875-76
726-736
192
Pa..
1888
64C-71C
210
U.S
1885
105-167
219
Conn
1888
68-70
19
Woollen mills, wages of employés in, 1860, 1872, 1878
Mass
1879
75,76
77
Woollen mills, wages of spinners in
Mass
1881
359-369
- 80
Woollen mills, wages of weavers in.
Mass
1881
359-369
80
Woollen textiles, competition between localities in produc-
tion of.
Mass
1881
343-357
80
Woollen textiles, cost of production of, per yard.
U.S.. 1885
123-125
219
Woollen textiles, product of, per spinner and per weaver per
week.
Mass
1881
370-380
80
Woollen textiles, sales of, affected by importation...
Mass
1881
343-357
80
Work of the department and list of books in library
Ind.
1879
28-72
32
Work of the department and list of books in library
Ind
1880
20-33
34
Working children, education of ……
Mass.
1875
1-63
72
Working classes, homes of, consideration of, Boston
Mass.
1870
164-193
67
Working classes, condition of ….
Mass .
1873
273-322, 397–410
70
Working classes, effects of intemperance on
Mass
1870
193, 196
67
Working days, average of, in certain industries, by occupations. Conn
1888
48-70
19
Working establishments, general condition of……
Cal ..
1887-88
17-49
11
Working girls, statistics of, Boston.
Mass
1884
1-133 83, 84
Working hours and wages. (See Wages and hours of labor.)
Working hours. (See Hours of labor.)
Working people, condition of….
Mass
1889
231-285 91, 92
Working people, condition of, in cotton and woollen mills.
N.C
1891
128-199
160
•
Working people, condition of, in tobacco factories.
N.C.. 1891
209-220
160
Working people, condition of, in various industries
N.J..
1883
113-137
133
Working people, employed in manufactures, by counties, 1880.| Coun
1885
139
18
i
372
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page

of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Working people in various industries, in foreign countries,
wages of.
Working people, homes owned by
Working people in furniture industry, illiteracy of, statis-
tics of.
Working people in miscellaneous industries, average daily Conn
wages of, 1880 and '85 compared.
Working people in the state, statistics of, by occupations
(United States Census, 1870).
Working people in various industries, condition of
Working people in various industries, condition of
Working people in various industries, educational condition
of.
Mass. 1889
282-285
92
Mich.
1890
1885
118-120, 186-188
274-276
119-131
103
17
Ohio.
1877
39-42
162
•
N.C..
1888
8-209
157
R. I...
1888
4-55
215
N. J ..
1878
51
125
N.J..
1880
241-316
129
Working people in various industries, nativity of.
N. J
1888
320-449
143
Working people in various industries, number and wages of Mo...
Working people in various industries, statistics of
Working people in various industries, statistics of
1891
155-322
121
-
Mich
1886
214-401
99
Pa....
1887
24D-27D
208
Working people in various occupations, number of (United Mass
States Census).
1873
60-69
70
Working people, nativity, age, and illiteracy of, in various
industries.
Mass
1878
159-262
76
•
Working people, weekly wages_of, in various industries.
Working rules of building trades, Liverpool, England.
Working season, length of, in various industries.
Working time and earnings, actual and theoretical, of em-
ployés in cotton, woollen, glass, etc., industries.
Working time and idleness in various industries
Working time and idleness in various industries, statistics of.
Working time and living time of coal miners, statistics of....
Working time and number of coal miners, statistics of..
Working time and wages in agricultural implement and iron-
working industries.
>
Working people, occupations of. (See Occupations of work-
ing people.)
Working people of United States, statistics of (Census, 1880)
Working people owning or renting homes, number of
Working people owning real estate, number of..
Working people owning real estate, number of..
Working people, sanitary condition of, Cincinnati.
Working people, sanitary condition of, consideration of
Working people, statistics of...
Working people's education and welfare, consideration of.... N. J ..
Working people's homes, description of, and designs for.
Working time and earnings, actual and theoretical, of em-
ployés in coal, iron, and steel industries.
Pa.... 1881-82
91-129
203
N. J..
1886
7
138
N. J..
1879
88-155
127
N.J..
1880
76-155
128
Obio..
1878
287-292
166
Mass
1874
29-48
71
-
Mo... 1882
67-123
111
Mass
1889
403-443
92
1878
3-31
125
Pa...
1886
17-37
207
N. Y..
1884
503-516
149
Mass
1871
419-422
68
·
U.S..
1890
285-579
232
U.S..
1891
365-784
234
Ill
Pa
Ill
Ill.
Mich.
· ·
1883-84
1887
1889-90
1889-90
1891
50-52
26
2D-23D
LIX-LX
208
31
XXXI-XXXVII)
31.32
288-2900
3-450
101
Working time and wages of employés in Dreweries, St. Louis.
Working time and wages of employés in car shops, St. Louis
and St. Charles.
Mo
1891
689-704
121
-
Mo
1891
666-688
121
-
Working time and wages of employés in furniture industry..
Working time, daily and on Saturday, statistics of..
Working time [days employed] of employés in various occu-
pations.
Mich
1890
2-304
103
Mass
1889
445-517
92
Mass
1876
20-258
73,74
Working time in various industries.
Ohio..
1887
79-136
179
Working time of coal mines, 1885-'89
Pa
1889
4B-34B
210
Working time of employés, by occupations.
Ill
1885-86
308-316
29
·
Working time of employés in coal mines
Working time of employés in coal mines
Ill
Pa...
1887-88 345, 346, 357-442 | 30, 31
1888
VI-123B
209
•
Working time of employés in coal mines
Pa..
1889
35 B-64B
210
Working time of employés in coal mines, consideration of..
Working time of employés in various industries
Ill
1889-90
XX-XXII
31
Working time, wages, and annual earnings of railroad em-
ployés, by occupations.
Working time of establishments in which children are em-
ployed.
Mass. 1883
R.I... 1891
179-241
'83
166-180
217
U.S...
1889
108-879
230
Workingmen, ages of, when beginning to decline
N.J...
Workingmen, ages of, when entering certain trades..
N.J..
1889
1889
74-210 144
40-73
144
Workingmen, ages of, when incapacitated
N.J... 1889
132-210
144
Workingmen, alleviation of distress among, methods of
Pa.
1887
1B-46B
208
Workingmen, American, foreign opinions on
Mass.. 1879
XIII, XIV
76
Workingmen and workingwomen, American and Swiss, dress
of.
Mass.. 1875
430-433
73
Workingmen and workingwomen, number and percentage of, R. I…….
employed in various industries. (State Census, 1885.)
Workingmen and working women, opinions of, on various
I...
1889
159-108
216
Me....
1887
98-111
58
subjects.
Workingmen, cheap transportation for, near Boston, law pro-
viding for.
Mass..
1890
39
94
Workingmen, combinations of, consideration of.
Ohio ..
1877
23-39
162
Workingmen, condition and wages of……..
Neb... 1889–90
79-90
123
Workingmen, condition of, Fall River, Lowell, and Lawrence. Mass..
Workingmen, condition of, statistics of..
1882
193-415
81,
81,82
Kaus..
1885
216-231
49
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
373
Bureau report.
$
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Workingmen, condition of, statistics of……….
Workingmen, deception of, by false advertisements, consider-
ation of.
Workingmen, tinancial, condition of
Workingmen, homes of. (See Homes of workingmen.)
Kans..
1888
169-265
54
Colo 1889-90
38-40
17
Mo....
1880
79-88
109
Workingmen in agricultural implement and iron-working
Mich.
1891
2-408
104
industries, ages of.
Workingmen in agricultural implement and iron-working Mich..
1891
2-451
104
industries, nationality of.
Workingmen in agricultural implement and iron-working Mich.
industries owning homes, number of.
1891
3-451
104
Workingmen in agricultural implement and iron-working Mich.
industries, present worth of.
1891
3-409
104
Workingmen in agricultural implement and iron-working
Mich..
1891
3-451
104
industries, savings of.
Workingmen in agricultural implement and iron-working
industries, statistics of.
Mich..
1891
2-451
103
Workingmen in agricultural implement and iron-working
industries, time lost by.
Mich.
1891
2-408
104
Workingmen in breweries, statistics of, St. Louis.
Mo....
1891
689-704
121
Workingmen in building trades, condition of.
Wis... 1888–89
1-120
239
Workingmen in car shops, statistics of, St. Louis and St.
Charles.
Mo....
1891
580-688
121
Workingmen in certain trades, age, and nativity of.
N. J...
-1889
74-103
144
Workingmen in certain trades, nationality of
N.J..
1889
126-131
144
Workingmen in coal mines, number of, 1880–290.
ות
1889-90
288.289
32
Workingmen in furniture industry, age, present, and when
beginning work.
Mich.. 1890
2-276
103
Workingmen in furniture industry, nationality of.
Mich..
1890
2-302
102
Workingmen in furniture industry, number and value of Mich..
1890
3-303
103
Workingmen in furniture industry, savings of
Workingmen in furniture industry, statistics of
Workingmen in furniture industry, time lost by
Workingmen in various industries, condition of
Workingmen in various industries, condition of.
Workingmen in various industries, condition of.
Workingmen in various industries, condition of.
Workingmeu in various industries. condition of.
Workingmen in various industries. nationality of
Workingmen in various industries, number of.
Workingmen in various industries, number of.
Mich..
1890
3-303
103
Mich..
1890
2-305
102
Mich..
1890
2-268
102
Mich..
1889
3-227
102
N. J.
1884
237-264
135
N. J...
1885
141-228
135
Ohio.. 1877
54-148, 260-262
162
Wis... 1885-86
442-445
238
N.J..
1879
68-82
127
Pa
1880-81
158, 159
201
-
Workingmen in various industries, number of, by occupa
Pa.
U.S...
1882-83
96-98
204
1891
785-839
234
tions and wages.
Workingmen in various industries, statistics of.
Me..
1891
11-136
62
Workingmen in various industries, statistics of
Mich..
1889
3-227
102
Workingmen in various industries, statistics of
Minn 1889-90
301-336
108
Workingmen in various industries, statistics of, by nationali-
ties.
Mich.
1889
233-227
102
Workingmen in various industries, wages of
Workingmen in various industries, wages of
Workingmen, instruction to, for home bookkeeping
-
Workingmen, nationality of, by occupations
Workingmeu, number of, owning homes
Workingmen, occupations of, by age periods…….
Workingmen, occupations of, by cities and towns
Mich
1881
84-97
96
Mich
1885
205-242, 278-351
98
Nebr
1889-90
55-78
123
R. I...
1890
84-219
217
Conn
1885
137-138
18
R. I...
1890
3-83
217
R. I...
1890
306-317
217
Workingmen, opinions and remarks of, on various subjects
Workingmen, opinions and remarks of, on various subjects
Workingmen, opinions and remarks of, on various subjects
Workingmen, opinions and remarks of, on various subjects
Workingmen, opinions and suggestions of, regarding labor...
Workingmen, opinions of, on condition of laboring classes
Workingmen, opinions of, on depression of business..
Workingmen, opinions of, on general condition of employés
Workingmen, opinions of, on labor questions.
Workingmen, opinions of, on questions affecting labor.
Workingmen, opinions of, on questions affecting labor.
Workingmen, opinions of, on questions affecting labor.
Workingmen, opinions of, on questions relating to their con-
dition.
Iowa.
1886-87 140-159, 188-190
44
Kans.
1889
322-326
55
Me..
1888
54-63
59, 60
Mo
Mo.
1882
109-118
111
1880
239-248
110
Kans.
1890
124-136
56
Ohio.. 1885
140-148
176
Iowa 1884-85
204-228
43
Ohio.. 1889
51-70
180
N. J ..
1881
83-105
129
N.J..
1886
179-222
138
R. I...
1887
39-47
214
R. I...
1888
55-85
215
Workingmen, opinions of, on their condition.
Workingmen, opinions of, on their condition.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects..
Workingmen, opinions of. on various subjects.
Workingmen, opinions of, on vacions subjects.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects..
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects..
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects..
Me...
1889
48, 56, 100, 101
60, 61
Me...
1891
137-143
63
Iowa 1888-89
Kans.
88-101
45
1885
101-123
48
Kaus. 1886
179-190, 356–373
50, 51
Kans. 1887
172-191
52
Md... 1886–87
24-31
64
Mich.
1886
155-166
99
N. J ..
1884
237-256
135
N.J
1885
214-228
136
N.C..
1888
55-144
157
Ohio..
1878
241-255
165
374
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.

Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
of

this
State.
Year.
Page.
book.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects..
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects.
Ohio.. 1880
1340-1345
171
Ohio.. 1882
99-101, 226-236
174
Pa...
1872-73
454-468
185
Pa...
1882-83
116-133
204
Pa..
1887
16H-28H
209
Pa...
1889
1E-66E
211
Wis.
1885-86 306-309, 361, 362,
238
406-413, 431-441
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects.
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects..
Workingmen, opinions of, regarding their condition..
Workingmen owning homes. (See Homes.)
Workingmen of, reniarks, on their condition
Workingmen, statements of, as to their condition
Wis
Wis 1888-89
1887-88
1-79
238
15-34
239
Workingmen, opinions of, on various subjects relating to
labor.
Nebr. 1887-88
52-59
122
Pa....
1884
53-62
205
Conn
1888
110-119
20
Mass
1871
447-452, 570-621
68, 69
Workingmen, returns of.
Workingmen, returns of, extracts from.
Workingmen, returns of, on their condition
Workingmen, savings of, statistics of
Workingmen, social life of.....
Pa.... 1887
4H-28H
269
Ohio.. 1879
242-253
168
Pa...
1885
122-186
207
Mass
1875
376-383
73
Mass
1880
237-294
79
Workingmen, societies of, consideration of
Mo... 1891
11-14
120
Workingmen, statistics of
Mo..
1884
143-299
112
Workingmen, statistics relating to
Kans
1886
109-436
50, 51
Workingmen, statistics relating to homes of.
Iowa
1886-87
9-139
44
Workingmen, testimony of, regarding their condition
Mich
1886
135-172
99
-
Workingmen, unemployed, skilled and unskilled..
Mass
1879
1-13
76
Workingmen, unmarried, earnings and cost of living of, by
occupations.
Coun
1888
132-135
20
Workingmen, unskilled, average expense of...
Nebr. 1889-90
28-49
123
Workingmen, unskilled, average savings of
Nebr 1889-90
38-49
123
Workingmen, unskilled, cost of living of families of.
Nebr. 1889-90
9-54
123
Workingmen, unskilled, in various cities of the state, average
Nebr. 1889–90
22-26
123
wages of.
Workingmen, vital statistics of, by occupations..
Conn
1885
143-146
18
Workingmen's coöperative societies, incorporation of, law
N.J..
1891
595-600
148
authorizing.
Workingmen's club, Millville, account of
N. J
1882
99-104
131
Workingmen's club, Millville, account of
N. J
1883
158-168
133
Workingmen's clubs, consideration of.
Mass
1880
278-291
79
Workingmen's clubs, consideration of .
N. J ..
1881
125-138
130
Workingmen's families, annual cost of living of
Ill...
1881-82
287-346
25
Workingmen's families, annual cost of living of
Ohio..
1877
302, 303
163
Workingmen's families, annual earnings and expenses of
Workingmen's families, annual earnings of (employés' re-
turns).
N. J
1880
38-62
128
………
N.C..
1889
272-276
159
Workingmen's families, annual income and expenses of (Ger-
many).
N. J ..
1885
182, 183
136
Workingmen's families, condition of.
Ill.
1883-84
357-414
20, 27
Workingmen's families, condition of.
Me
1887
61-75
58
Workingmen's families, condition of.
N.C..
1889
243-285
158
Workingmen's families, condition of, statistics of.
Kans.
1887
75-171
52
Workingmen's families, condition of (Europe).
U.S..
1885
411-456
221
Workingmen's families, condition of, United States and for-
Mass
1875
221-450
72, 73
eign countries.
Workingmen's families, cost of living of.
N. J
1879
48-60
127
Workingmen's families, cost of living of.
U.S..
1890
603-1376
233
Workingmen's families, cost of living of.
U. S
1891
843
235
Workingmen's families, income and expenses of.
U.S
1890
665-1376
233
Workingmen's families, income and expenses of.
U.S..
1891
945
235
Workingmen's families, monthly and annual cost of living of.
Conn
1888
102-109, 122-131
20
Workingmen's families, size of ….
R. I...
1887
48, 52, 55, 57
214
Workingmen's families, statistics of.
Kans
1889
199-280
55
•
Workingmen's families, statistics of.
Kans.
1890
155
56
Workingmen's families, statistics of.
Mass
1875
200-218
73
Workingmen's homes, sanitary condition of
N. J ..
1879
88-94
127
Workingmen's institute, Millville, account of
N. J ..
1882
99-104
131
-
Workingmen's institute, Millville, account of.
N. J ..
1883
158-168
133
Workingmen's Loan Association, law incorporating.
Mass
1890
73,74
94
Workingmen's protective unions, consideration of..
Mo
1890
*36-40
119
Workingmen's relief associations, by-laws, etc., of.
Pa...
1887
21B-46B
208
Workingmen's relief society, rules and regulations of
Μο
1885
22-24
113
Workingmen's societies and trades-unions, incorporation of
(law authorizing).
Workingwomen, age of, at present and at beginning work, by
cities and industries.
Workingwomen and childron employed in various industries, Wis.. 1885-86
number of.
N. Y..
1884
401
149
U.S.. 1888
80-179 225
484-486 238
Working women and girls, number of, engaged in strikes.
Working women and girls, number of, engaged in strikes
N. Y..
1886
671
151
·
-N. Y..
1887
157
152
* Vol. I.
ļ
INDEX OF LABOR BUREAU REPORTS.
375

Bureau report.
Page
Subjects.
State.
Year.
Page.
of
this
book.
Workingwomen, condition of
Workingwomen and girls, number of, engaged in strikes
Workingwomen, annual cost of living of.
Workingwomen, annual earnings of, by cities and industries
Workingwomen, annual income and expenses of, by cities and
industries.
Workingwomen, average earnings of, in various industries
Workingwomen, boarding homes, aids, etc., for, account of
Workingwomen, character of, consideration of.
Workingwomen, church attendance of, by cities and industries
Workingwomen, condition of
•
Working women, condition of …….
.
Workingwomen, condition and statistics of..
Workingwomen, condition and wages of
Working women, condition of health of, by cities and industries
Working women, condition of residence of, by cities and indus-
tries.
Workingwomen, conditions relating to families of, by cities
and industries.
Workingwomen, conjugal condition of, by cities and industries
Workingwomen, consideration of
……….
Workingwomen, consideration and statistics of ...
Workingwomen, cost of living of..
N. Y..
1889
599
154
Ill...
1881-82
347
25
U.S..
1888
484-531
225
U.S
1888
532-625
225
R. I...
1889
146
216
U.S
1888
29-57
225
U.S
1888
73-77
225
U.S..
1888
395-483
225
Me
1888
114-148
60
Minn. 1887-88
131-196
106
U.S..
1888
11-27
225
Mich.
1892
1-188
104
Ohio..
1879
267-276
169
U.S
1888
369-392
225
U.S
1888
326-350 225
U.S..
1888
352-368
225
U. S
1888
301-325
225
R. I..
1889
15-23
216
Iowa
1886-87
190-195
44
Minn
1887-88
144-145
106
Working women, costs in suits brought by, law relating to.
Workingwomen, costs in suits brought by, law relating to.
Working women, education of, by cities and industries
Workingwomen [females], employment of, consideration of
Workingwomen [girls], condition of, consideration of
Workingwomen [girls], statistics of, Boston
N. Y
1884
394-395
149
N. Y
1889
793. 799
155
U.S
1888
394-482
225
Ill
1879-80
235
23
-
Wis.. 1883–84
109-115
236
Mass
1884
1--133
83,84
Working women, health of, effects of certain employments upon Mass
Workingwomen, health of statistics of ..
1875
65-112
72
Mich
1892
120-129
104
Workingwomen in certain cities, condition and statistics of
Workingwomen in various industries, condition of
Workingwomen in various industries. condition of
Μο
1891
475-495
121
-
Ohio..
1889
36-19
180
R.I...
1889
25-169
216
Workingwomen in various industries, wages of, Philadelphia,
1870, 1871. (See wages.)
Workingwomen in various industries, weekly cost of living of
Workingwomen, institutions for the benefit of, account of
Working women, law relating to...
N. J
1883
430-449
143
Mo
1891
496-579
121
Ma
1884-85
246.247
64
Workingwomen living at boarding houses, etc., number of, by
cities and industries.
U. S
1888
326-350
225
Workingwomen living at home, number of, by cities and in-
dustries.
U.S
1888
326-350
225
Workingwomen, lost time of, by cities and industries
T.S
1888
484-531
225
Workingwomen, nationality of, by cities and industries
T.S..
1888
292-249
225
Workingwomen, nationality of, statistics of …….
Mich
1892
130-138
104
Workingwomen, number of, by occupations and counties
Workingwomen, opinions of, on labor question
Workingwomen, opinions of, on various subjects.
Ind...
1881
293-301
35
Ohio..
1889
33, 34
180
R. I...
1889
147-155
216
Workingwomen, opinions and remarks of, on various subjects
Workingwomen, opinions and remarks of, on various subjects
Workingwomen owning homes and personal property, statis-
Kans
1889
322-326
55
Mo..
1888
94-113
58
Mich
1892
166
104
tics of.
Workingwomen, returns of
..
R. I.
1889
25-155
216
Workingwomen, sanitary condition of homes and shops of, by U.S
cities and industries.
1888
395-483
225
Workingwomen, social statistics of
·
Mass
1889
565-601
93
Workingwomen, statistics of
Kans
1889
281-310
55
Workingwomen, statistics of
•
Me
1888
64-113
59,60
Workingwomen, statistics of
N. J
1888
430-449
141
-
Workingwomen, statistics of
N. Y
1885
15-194
150
Workingwomen, statistics of
Ohio..
1878
222-230
165
Workingwomen, statistics af
Ohio..
1889
26-31
180
Working women, statistics relating to the condition of.
Workingwomen, statistics of
Workingwomen, unmarried, earnings and cost of living of,
R. I.
1889
26-169
216
Cal ...
Conn.
1887-88
32-108
11
1888
132-135
20
by occupations.
Workingwomen, wages and condition of, Boston
Mass
Workingwomen, wages and hours of labor of.
Minn
1871
1887-88
197-230
68
140-147
106
Workingwomen, wages and hours of labor of
N. J
1888
430-449
143
Workingwomen, wages and hours of labor of, in various in-
dustries.
N. Y..
1885
20-59
150
Workingwomen, wages, cost of living, and condition of.
Workingwomen, wages of, by occupations and cities
Workingwomen, wages of, in various industries
Working women wages of, in various industries
Workingwomen, wages of, in various industries
Workingwomen, wages of, in various industries.
Workingwomen, wages of, in various occupations
Workingwomen, weekly cost of living of
Iowa.. 1888-89
175-185
46
Mich
1892
1-102
104
Mass
1872
62-105
69
Mich
1884
98
96
Mich
1885
243-245
98
R. I..
1889
140-143
216
Iowa..
1890–91
182-199
47
Colo
1887-88
323-329
16
Workingwomen, working hours of, by industries and cities
Mich
1892
103-119
104
376
SPECIAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
Bureau report.
Page
of
Subjects.
this
State. Year.
Page.
book.
Workingwomen, years of employment of, in. present occupa-
U.S..
1888
180-221
225
tion, by cities and industries.
Workingwomen's associations, account of .
R. I...
1889
176-182 217
Working women's condition and wages, investigation of, by N.J..
Mrs. Leonora M. Barry.
1887
202-206
140
Workingwomen's homes, sanitary condition of
Workrooms for women, condition of..
Worsted and woollen textiles, cost of production of
Worsted and woollen yarns, cost of production of
Y.
Yarn, cotton, cost of spinning, per pound (Europe)
Yarn, cotton, prices of (Great Britain), 1867-'85
Yarn, worsted, industry, history and description of
Yarns, cotton, cost of production of.
N.Y..
1885
71-80
150
Cal... 1887-88
32-49
11
-
U.S..
U.S
1891
137-185
234
1891
187-194
234
Yarns, woollen and worsted, cost of production of.
Youths, unmarried, statistics of..
U.S
1885
132-135
219
U.S..
1885
25, 31
218
Pa...
1888
1D-15D
210
U.S
1891
123-136
234
U.S
1891
187-194
234
Ohio..
1880
1309, 1310
171
Z.
Zinc and iron. (See Iron and zinc.)
Zinc and lead industries, products of, amount and value of... Kans
Zinc and lead industries, statistics of...
1891
208-212
57
Kans.
1891
208-213
57
Zinc and lead mining, statistics of.
Kans.
1885
142
48.
Zinc and lead mining, statistics of.
Kans.
1886
205-218
50
Zinc and lead mining. (See Lead and zinc.)
Zinc, coal, iron, and lead mines, products of, amount and Mo
value of.
1889
88-109
118
Zinc, coal, iron, and lead mining, statistics of
Mo
1890
*5-141
120
Zinc, iron, and lead mines, historical description of.
Mo
1888
100-113
117
Zinc mining, consideration of...
Pa.... 1872-73
265, 266
183
Zinc mining, average wages of employés in
Zinc mining, returns of.
- ·
Pa...
Pa..
1875-76
494
192
1875-76
494
192
* Vol. II.

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