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Fº - * * * : - - - &: º3 º & º: § ºf º º ſº. 3 ; : sº wº- gº tºº ºf . ; ; ~ * º ºº. §§ { zºº. º *... º. . *...* * . . . . . . º. * ... . sº tº gº ºf . . . ; * . . . . . ; ſº * > * * wºrk * ... º - º sº - * , ſ: , ºf ‘ſº gº ºrºs - 2, . º ... º.º.º.º.º.º.º.º. g º: - º, - 3 * - - & - ..º.º. “ºº" ": E. .” * - * º . - - r. - º, ºr . . . . . º. sº ſº º-º-º: ºs º: º - .*, *, *.*.*, * : tº º w º - Fº º * * * : *; &s: º * … . . . . --> - - º -* * * - - tº º ºg. . - ~ sº sºut g f º, sº tº: *** * *f; # tº: - * **, º - ... . . . * * - *. & : * ~ * b. * * * gº º - º: "º º tºº. sº #3 **ś * , º, … .º.º.º. ºf - º tº º "-- . - * - “...º º . ~~ * - * ..º.º. - º ... . . º * * * * : sº . . * ğ. - º sº º º tº . . - gº . . . Fº # *. * § - - †. * , , ºf º tº .º. º. º. 5... . . * - JP . º º, º e w - § 3 ; , , , - … * Sºº--ºf - . & cº. tºº ... ." .. * . . . . . ~ tº a **** - * : **** a †: § º-ºº: "...º.º.º. º.º.º. **, *, *, *sº º - * * - ‘. . tº º º w - ſº -: * Nº.tº's . . . . . .". º, º.º.º. ºr ºf sº tº a º sº- a . . ºxº - º Fº w - - º, ºr tº gº * : * ºr ** * = º s: "...sº: ..º. º. ºr a ſº. º. |E|g|IIIllllllll!'. d ſº - ºw º i. zº: ºf; - P: “: jiຠof THE . univismºuthlºn N -*. ººN: w-i- º\\ º|s =. Nº. | § º t - a Lºſ L -- *. º: ºº:: *E- T-sº |E } ſº Sº E º ºf E"- * * *- sº * , ;r Rº º - * - wº- ºr - - . . . . .tºſ. º. º.º.º.º.º.º. 3. . ºf 5-. § 3.J., J. J. J., & ſº Jº Jºſ. Tº | TITV, ñº III º [E ** S. º, tº twº-ex” GLOSS ARY OF WERNACULAR JUDICIAL AND REVENUE TERMS, AND ()THER USEFUL WORDS 000URRING IN OFFICIAL: D00UMENTS RELATING TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF BRIT IS H IN DIA. COMPILED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, AGRICULTURE, AND COMMERCE. C A. L. C U TTA. : OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, ., 1874. CALcutta & PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT of GOVERNMENT: PEIN TING, 8. HASTINGS STREET. MEMORANDUM. THE glossary which follows has been compiled from materials furnished by the various local Governments and Administrations of British India in response to a circular issued by the Department of Revenue, Agriculture and Commerce on the 11th November 1871. The circular, which is quoted below will show the object of the compilation. 2 It is to be distinctly understood that the meanings given are not to be considered as authoritative. “In forwarding the accompanying lists as specimens of the vernacular terms which occur in the Revenue Proceedings and official correspondence of the several local Governments and Administrations, but the exact meaning of which is more or less ill understood, except by the officials of the particular Government or Administration concerned, I am directed to request that you will be good enough to cause a complete list to be carefully prepared and submitted to this Department of all vernacular terms used in the official correspondence of * giving an accurate and exhaustive explanation of the meaning of each. “2. The terms that are commonly used can be readily ascertained by a careful scrutiny of the Proceedings of the local Government or Administration for the last two or three years; and in explaining the words it will be necessary, where (as not unfrequently happens) they have different forces in different parts of the country, to give both meanings, and to indicate the portions of the country in which each meaning prevails. The words should be grouped in classes, such as— “Names of landholders, owners, and occupiers. “Measures of land, length, capacity, and weight. “Village servants. “Revenue officials, jurisdictions, and terms connected with revenue matters. “Crops, seasons,” &c. E. R. R. A. T A. Page 8, column 2, line 20, for “Populis Euphratica” read “Populus Euphratica.” 72, 1, f 3. 3. º 15, for “ Phareolus aureus” read “IPhaseolus aureus.” 45, for “Cyamopsis psoralioides” read “Cyamposis psoraloides.” 55, for “Cynodon datylon” read “Cynodon dactylon.” 70, for “ isłżºrd,” read “Żstimºrdºr.” 4, for “JPaspalum scroficulatum” read “Paspalum scrobiculatum.” 49, for “Cynosurus corocanus” read “Cynosurus coracanus.” 9 A G L O S S A. R. Y OF JUDICIAL AND REVENUE TERMS, AND OF USEFUL WORDS OCCURRING IN OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE GOVERN- MENT OF BRITISH INDIA. A Aóðd—Populous; cultivated.—C. P. Abádí–Cultivation or village site.—C. P. The inhabited place.—Oud/. The village site.—N. W. P. & Punjab. Aðadiraqffa—The area under tillage in any vil- lage.—Bengal. A%—Irrigation rate on tank or stream.—Punjab. In the North-Western Provinces it is applied to land watered from ponds, tanks, lakes or water-courses, in distinction to that which is watered from wells. As the supply from the former is liable to fail in the hot season, Ab% land is assessed at a lower rate, in some cases at less than a half of that watered from wells. —Wilson. Abiána—Water tax-Punjab. Aökalani—Literally, inundation. Abkalani esta- blishment is that provided each year to look after canals and bunds during the inundation of the Indus.—Sindh. Aökár—Distiller.—W. W. P. A manufacturer or retailer of spirituous liquors. Literally a maker of (strong) wa- ters.--Wilson. Aóżóri–Also written Abkaree, Abkary, Abkarry, Aubkaury, Abakári (Coorg). Revenue deriv- ed from duties levied on the manufacture and sale of inebriating liquors and on in- toxicating drugs.—Wilson, Excise.—Bengal, Bombay, C. P., H. A. D., Madras, Mysore, N. W. P. and Oudh. Belonging to manufacture of spirituous liquors and drugs, &c. Applied to the revenue de- rived from these sources.—Sindh. Abhári Dárogha—The head native officer appointed to superintend distilleries, spirit shops, and the like.—Bengal and N. W. P. Aðhári Mahál-The revenue or profits derived from excise on liquors and drugs in a particu- lar tract.—N. W. P. Aówaff—Miscellaneous cesses, imposts, and charges levied by Zemindars or Government. Cess other than that stated in the rent-roll.— Benga!. Miscellaneous cesses and taxes.-C. P. Cesses or miscellaneous dues collected by Government for landowners, or by landowner for tenants, &c.—N. W. P. Heads or subjects of taxation, or the taxes which were imposed under the Muhammadan Governments in addition to the regular assess- ment on the land. Miscellaneous cesses, im- posts, and charges levied by Zemindars and public officers.-Wilson. Achkół–The total area of land attached to a village. When applied to irrigation, it means the total extent of land capable of being Watered by any particular work.—Mysore. 46%aſ, Udaluſ, corruptly Adaw/ut—Court of Justice.—Wilson.—Bengal, Bombay, C. P., & N. W. P. Adamdāºló–Literally, non-entry. Transfer en- tries.—Sindh. Adam sailab–Applied to lands watered by floods, to which water has not reached.—Sindh. 4davin Wedroomoody—When personal property is mortgaged, the mortgagor obtains a receipt from the mortgagee for things left as security for the debt.—Bombay. t Adawi-Forest.—Coorg. Adao Sádkan–A deed of mortgage.—Bombay. Adatº-Mortgage with or without possession, deposit.—Coorg. Addd, ºlddu-A stand; a station or place where porters, bearers, or laborers attend to be hired ; a place where people assemble; a stall; a booth; a shop ; a post or dák station or office; a company or association of persons engaged in the same business; any business constant- ly going on, especially on a large scale; the place where it is transacted, or any place where people congregate, whether for busi- ness or idleness; a salt heap (in Ganjam); the perch of a bird-cage.—Wilson.--Bom- ðay. Ady/arene-Re-mortgaged.—Bombay. Adſiro-The re-mortgage of mortgaged property ... by the mortgagee; sub-mortgagee.—Bombay. Ad/40n-A crop grown between the rabi and kharif, or between kharif and rabi seasons,— Sindh. Adhára-Security; pledge; recognizance; bail; an exhibit.—Coorg. Adžáwa–Balance in an account; a general or abstract account framed from the ledger,- Bombay. Adhelá—Half a pice.—Bombay. 4d/e/i, Udhelee—Half a silver rupee, or eight annas; a half share—(Bombay). In Sagar, a measure of corn, half a chantiya. In Garhwal, a small fractional measure of land.—Wilson, 4d/i/%r—A public or private charge or situation of authority; jurisdiction.—Bombay. Office; duty; superintendence; government; right ; rightful claim or property.—Wilson. Ad/i/dra—Cognizance; jurisdiction; authority.— Coorg. Ad/ºi/%rſ, corruptly Ad//dr, Adžári, Adikari, Audź. care?—One who holds a superior office or authority; a superintendent; a ruler; a gov- ernor.—Wilson. One who holds a public or private charge or employment, either hereditary or stipendiary; one in authority; any person in office or power. —Bombay. f W. ) 2. Head of village, or Adigar, used on the Western Coast.—Madras. One empowered; usually applied to the prin- cipal disciple of a Muhunt.— Bengal. Adhol—The sixteenth part of a seer.—Bombay. Ad/o/, corruptly Adolee, Ado/—A measure of capacity, properly equal to half a Páhali, or two seers, but varying in different places.— Wilson.— Bombay. Ad/várú–A person who has two residences, one in One village and One in another, or a person who lives in one village, but cultivates or carries on trade in two villages.—Bombay. Adiya—A migratory tribe coming from Malabar and working as laborers. They are like Pariahs, and speak Malayalim language.—Coorg. Adnám-A surname.—H. A. D. Adraſ–Ginger.—C. P. Adsaţţá—An estimate.—H. A. D. Abdul-badaſ—Exchange of persons, situations, or things.-Bombay. Aftm—Opium,_Sindh. Aft/ſºn—Opium.—C. P. Agédi—A field in which seed is sown ; a nur- sery.—Coorg. Agar—A Salt work; a tract of land containing salt- pans.—Bombay. Agarić–Salt makers.-Bombay. Agásá—Washerman,—Bombay and Coorg. Agasā/0–Goldsmith.-Mysore. Agós/ee—An open uncovered verandah, porch, or terrace.—Bombay. Age—A nursery for paddy, i. e., rice.—Coorg. Aghani—The great dhan crop of the year sown in Asárh (June and July), and cut in the latter half of Aghan (December).-Benga/. Aghſt—A stone on which a deed of sale or grant of land is engraved, and deposited in or near the land to which it relates. The following re- marks are taken from Lieutenant Melvill’s re- port on the Veerumgaum district, Ahmedabad zilla:—“There is a peculiar custom in this country, which has not been observed in other parts of Gujerat—that of describing deeds of sale as free grants of land upon stones, which are afterwards deposited in the field, and remain as permanent title deeds from generation to generation. Those stones are called ‘ag/út,’ and hence free land is often called ‘aghateeya.” They are produced and cited as good evidence in questions relating to boundaries, but the in- scriptions are usually found to be quite illegible; they always bear at the top a representation of the sun and moon, meaning that the deed is to have effect so long as these luminaries continue to shine. The term ‘ aff/4t’ is also used when one man in giving up any thing to another, re- nounces without exception all claims upon it. Thus, in the case of a man holding ‘sa/úmee’ land and giving ag/.4% to another person, although the donor would have no further claims of any description, the recipient would still be liable to the salamee.”—Bombay. Aghātīyā—Lands granted or sold, and held rent- free.—Bombay. Ag/otrá-Price current.—Sindſ. Agora-One who guards the village lands and crops.—Bombay. Agorbatai–A division of the crop between the landlord and the cultivator after it has been cut, stored, and thrashed. The thrashing.— Bengal. - Agraham, 47%an-A Bengali month corresponding to parts of November and December.—Bengal, Agrahárá—A village held by Brahmins on a favor. able tenure.—Mysore. ſ A village, or a part of one oc- cupied by Brahmins, and held Agraháram either rent-free under special U/ru/arum grants, or at a reduced rate of Agraharamah assessment. The precise na- Agraharama, ture of the tenure is usually Agaram denoted by a term prefixed, Agráram, • Purohita, vernacularly Purohit, corruptly Prohit, Uprohit—A family priest; one who conducts the domestic ceremonies of a tribe, a house- hold, or family ; the office is sometimes here- ditary; in the south of India it is also ap- plied to the village priest and astrologer.— Wilson. See | Purokoodee—See Parakudi. Purpenth—A third (bill) of exchange.—Bombay. Purramāoke—See Puramboku. Purua-A spud with a long handle. The husband- man holds this while ploughing. It has a goad at one end to drive the oxen, and at the other a sort of spud to clean the plough when it gets clogged with earth.-Bombay. Purub—A place where drinking water is provided to travellers.-Robertson—Bombay. - Purubia—The man in charge of a puruá.-Robert- son—Bombay. & - Purvabhádia—A rain commencing between 2nd and 14th March. — Mysore. Purvashádha—A rain commencing between 26th December and 7th January; cummin, corian- der, tobacco, and other seeds are sown at this time.—Mysore. Purwa–Sub-division or dependency of a village; a cluster of houses detached from the principal village, for the convenience of agricultural operations.—Wilson. A hamlet.—Oudh. Purwana–A permit; a pass.—Robertson—Bombay. Purwanna—Paper containing a direction or orders.-Bengal. Purwano–A permit ; a pass note; a license, e.g., to carry arms, to remove salt, &c.—Bombay. Pushió—A rain commencing between 17th and 30th July. Gram and mangoes are sown at this time.<-Mysore. Pusht-ba-pusht-i-From generation to generation. —Sindh. Pussaeeta–See Pasaetuſ. Pussaifa–See Pasaetun. Pussaitoo—Land or cash held on a religious or charitable tenure.—Robertson—Bombay. Pust–Dried capsules of the poppy; poppy plant (Papaver somniferum).-Sindh. Put-so-The garment worn by male Burmese.— British Burma. * Putta–See Patta. Puttee—See Patti. Putteedar—See Pattidar. Pułłż-Cess, tax.-H. A. D. Putty—See Patti. Puttydar—See Pałłłdar. Pujaſ-A feast or fête ; an assemblage or concourse of people.—British Burma. Pwai-tsa—A broker.—British Burma. Pyacarry—See Payakarż. Pya-ya—Scattered cultivation on low land near creeks, streams, &c.— British Burma. Pyay-tsa—A receipt.—British Burma. Pyee—Half a gallon; a country, a province,— British Burma. Pyeng-kwing—Village tract, or cultivated plain.— British Burma. Pyey—A small basket measure, one-sixteenth of a bushel.—British Burma. Pyin—A plank.-British Burma. Pylee—See Paya/?. Pymaeesh—See Palmaish. Pymash—See Paimaisk. Pyoo-tsoo-Grant.—British Burma. Pyoo-tsoo-goung—Grantee.—British Burma. Q Qalam—A sub-division of a village.—Benga/. Qazee—See Kazi. Qebala—Deed of sale.— Bengal. Qibaſa, Kabála, Kióála, corruptly Cibaleſ, Kuöða- leſ, Cobal/a–Any deed of conveyance, or transfer of right or property; any contract of bargain or sale signed by a Judge; a bond, a bill of sale, title-deeds, and the like. In the Northern Sarkārs it is said to apply especially to deeds affecting titles to houses and gar- dens.—Wilson. 90/—See Kau/. Quabooleut—A counterpart of a lease.—Bengal. Quanoongoe, Quanungo—A native district officer. The keeper of village records.- Bengal. Quanungo—See Quan.00ngoe. Qu/um—See Kalam. R. Ráà, corruptly Raub—Inspissated juice of the sugarcane ; also, in Mar., ground prepared by the burning of leaves, grass, sticks, &c., for sowing ; also the crop raised on the ground so prepared.—Wilson—Bombay. Syrup; juice of the sugarcane boiled thick. —N. W. P. and Oudh. Pabá, Rubbee—The spring ; the spring harvest or grain sown in October and November, and cut in the spring months (March and April and May), comprises wheat, barley, peas, gram, oilseed, arhar, and other crops.-N. W. P. The spring harvest.—H. A. D., Oudh, C. P., and Punjab. Late crops.-Bombay. Winter or spring crop.-Sindh. The crops reaped in spring. Crops grown in the dry months. The winter crop sown about October and reaped in February and March.-Bengal. Ráchenāra—A class of Lingayet.—Coorg. Raddº-Headman of a village, the head of village police. In some parts of the province, Go- vernment rent-free lands are assigned for their support.—Mysore. Raggy—See Ragi. Rá9%, Raggy, Rågulu—A kind of grain; a sort of panic, commonly termed also Nacheni.- Wilson—0. P. and Bombay. The common grain (Cynosurus coracanus). Its species are:— Ká'u Rági, Gidda Rági, the kind of Ragi usually grown in Coorg ; Dodda Ragi, a kind Sometimes grown when the season is favorable; it is a larger plant, but produces a smaller grain.—Coorg and Mysore. Raguſu-See Ragi. Rážar—A kind of pulse called “tur.”—C. P. A kind of pulse.—Bengal. Rahadaree jahat—Transit duties.—Bombay. Ráždárá–A guide.—C. P. A pass; transmission of persons and things through.-Bengal. A passport, a customs pass or permit; transit duties; tolls and duties collected at inland stations upon grain and other articles, levied formerly by the Government, or sometimes by the Zamindars on their own authority.— Wilson. Rahen–Mortgage.—Punjab. Rahibar—This title is given to a man whose duty is to guide travellers. — Benga/. Ra/ur—A kind of pulse. The pigeon pea.— Bengal. Rai–Mustard seed.— Bengal. Raiffandi, Raiffundi–Rate of lands; settlement of rent to each ryot.— Bengal. A statement or table of rates, a document shewing the rates at which different descrip- tions of land are usually assessed in any particular district.—Wilson. Ražūundi—See Raiffandi. Ražs—Respectable resident.—W. W. P. Landed gentleman; head of an old family; Chief.-Sindh. Raiyat, Rá/utu vernacularly Rāyat, corruptly Ryot —A subject, but especially applied to the agricultural population ; a cultivator; a farmer; a peasant.—Wilson—N. W. P. and Bombay. . A tenant.—Bengal. Raiyatabár, corruptly Ryotwar—According to or with Räiyats; familiarly applied to the reve- nue settlement which is made by the Go- vernment officers with each actual cultivator of the soil for a given term, usually a twelve- month, at a stipulated money rent, without the intervention of a third party; it is the mode of assessment which prevails chiefly, although not exclusively, in the provinces of the Madras Presidency.—Wilson—Bombay. Raj—The Muhammadan community of a village. —Sindh. Rújá—A king, a prince ; a title given by the native Governments, and in later times by the British Government, to Hindus of rank; it is also assumed by petty Chiefs in various parts of Hindustan, and is not uncommonly borne by Zamindars.--Wilson–Bombay. Y ſ 94. ) Raja Chithee—A permit; port clearance; a permit to cut the crops.—Bombay. Rajá-vero—A tax levied on the granting permis- sion to cut crops; it formed but an inconsider- able item in the list of collections.—Bombay. Rájöahá–A main irrigation cut.—Punjab. Irrigation cut.—N. W. P. The principal or common branch of a canal.— Wilson. Rójöhag—The Government share of the produce under the old Bhagbatai system.—Bombay. Rájgárá—A condiment (Amarantus Frumentaceus). Rajkus—Ordinary rent-paying land.—Bengal. Rājānāmā—See Rázánáma.—Coorg. ſtajn?—See Rani. Rakað—Rate of Government assessment.—Sindh. Rakam, Raſºm, Rukum—A writing, a handwriting, a mark ; a peculiar method of notation with the initials of Arabic names of numbers; kind, sort, manner; an item of an account : any fixed or stipulated sum ; a fractional share of an undivided estate; rate of assessment; in Kamaon, rent, revenue.-Wilson, An item in accounts.-Sindh. Rakóa, Rukóa, corruptly Ruckbah—Inclosure, area; the lands comprised within the boundaries of a village or township, or constituting an estate or farm paying a money revenue; the measured or ascertained extent of such lands. In Muham- madan law, a slave, a purchased slave-Wilson. The village area.—H. A. D. Area (usually the area of a village).—N. W. P. Area,-0. P. JRakh—Grazing and timber preserve.—Punjab. A grass preserve or Bär.—C. P. Preserve land.—Oud/. Rákhá—The purchaser of a bill of exchange; one who pays a sum of money to a banker and receives a bill of exchange for the amount—Wilson. A payment formerly made to Kolees for pro- tection against thieves. It was doubtless formerly a kind of blackmail: it is now a hereditary haſ, and is paid from the Govern- ment treasuries. In some places the person holding a Ra//6 performs the duty of watch- man (see Warfanio). In most cases the holders of these haks do not live in the village. They receive the payment of their haſ yearly from Government, and upon receiving this money they sign an agreement, stating they will be accountable for any loss or damage done in the village. A person employed for the protection of a village, and who is responsible for any robbery committed therein. Rakhá has been decided to be an allowance of a stipendiary nature. In some cases there is alienated service land attached to Raž/.4. In Broach and other parts of Gujerat these allowances are very common, and they are almost identical with Toda giras haſºs. The term is derived from “Rakshan” (protection), and it was the duty of those holding these allowances to protect the villages from which they were paid. It frequently happened that these ſºaks were not paid when any robbery occurred and the thieves were undetected. Like Toda giras the Ražhá haks were levied direct from the villages, until the system was prohibited by Government.— Bombay. Rakhái–Land fenced off or preserved for graz- ing.—Oudh. Rakhevăldăr—A village watchman.—Bombay. Raž/opu—The cash allowance, or rent-free or Salamee lands, held by the person who acts as the Rakhá or watchman,—Bombay. Rakhwal—See Rakhwar. Rakhwala—See Ražwar. Rák/wóldár—Village watchman.— Bombay. Rakhwälä--The office of watching, guarding, &c.; the hire of a guard or watch ; money paid for protection against depredators, or for refrain- ing from depredation ; blackmail.—Wilson. Custody, watching.—C. P. Rakhwār, Rakhwäl, or Rakhwálá—A guard, a watch, a keeper of a field, one who has charge of the standing crops to prevent their being injured or plundered; a tender of cattle and the like ; a protector, a guardian ; in some parts the term is also applied to one who is supposed to be capable of counteracting the evil designsor practices of malevolent beings, or witchcraft, and the like.—Wilson—Bombay. Raſm—See Rakam. Raksasane gida—Aloes; the fibre is used for making rope.—Coorg. Raktokadagi–Land given free of rent to the family of a person wounded or killed in battle.— Mysore. Raktván–A person whose occupation is selling ink; a servant whose duty it is to supply ink, and provide and place the leaves that are used as plates at a meal,- Wºlson. Rala (Panicum Italicum).-Panic seed.—Bombay. An inferior grain.—C. P. Ramná—Pasture land.—H. A. D. A park, a preserve for game; used sometimes as the general name of grass lands,-Wilson. ſtamnoumi–A Hindoo festival commemorating the birth of Rāma, occurring on the 9th of the light-half of the month of Chait, W. W. P. Ramoose—See Ramosi. Rámosí, incorrectly Ramoosee—The name given to individuals of a low and semi-barbarous race, found chiefly in the Maratha country, south of Puna, who are thieves by profession and habit, but are retained usually in the villages as watchmen; they speak a dialect of Maratha, in which they differ from the B/i/s, whom in other respects they resemble; they are not found further south than Rolapur.—Wł/son—Bombay. Ramp—The weeding plough or hoe for clearing weeds or stubble from land preparing for cultivation, and for weeding between the furrows after the grain is up. This imple- ment is of different sizes; the largest kind is the “ſtamp” or “Kaſpee,” the blade of which is sometimes as wide as 3% feet, and is used principally for clearing heavy black soils. The “Haſheea” is smaller, and is used similarly for lighter soils. The “Rampdee” is the small- est kind, and used for weeding about the furrows when the grain is about a foot high. The breadth of the blade is adjusted to the size of the sowing machine, generally above ten inches wide. The “ Danda” is hollow, and the blade has a prong at each side, which fits into the “ Danda” so that it is removable at pleasure for sharpening, repairing, &c.— Bombay. Rampadee—A small weeding plough or hoe (see Roºmp).-Bombay. Ráná, Rajná–A princess, the wife of a Rāja,— Wilson—Bombay. 9. ( 95 Ranki—One-twentieth of a Phurái.—Benga!. Ránwá—Woody or waste ground; a tract left to its spontaneous produce, especially in the vicinity of a town or village.—Wilson. Tax on cattle grazing on waste lands.—C. P. Rao báhadur, Rao sáheb—A mode of address of respect; a title usually applied to native Government officials of certain standing in consideration of their official position, sometimes to private Hindu gentlemen, either on account of meritorious service ren- dered to the State, or on account of their status or rank.-Bombay. Rao Saheb—See Rao bahadur. Fap—A hard clay soil.—Sindh. Raqba—Area of land.—Bengal. Rás—Head; used technically in application to cattle : as ek rās gao, one head of cows, i.e., a cow; do Pós asp, two head of horses, i.e., two horses.— Wilson--C. P. Rás—A heap, a pile.—Wilson. - A heap ; a large rope with which bullocks are tied (see Meetáneerakh).-Bombay. Rás—Wort used in distillation of native spirits.- Bengal. Rasad—Provision, supply.—N. W. P. A store of grain provided for, or sent to, an army. In Bengal and Hindustan the word was early applied to a progressive increase of revenue settlement; but it also denotes a progressive diminution, and likewise implies the amount of increase or deduction. In Maratha, it denoted money paid into the public treasury by the native collectors as the amount of their collections.—Wilson. Supplies of food. —Bengal. Rasad, corruptly Russuddee—Progressively in- creasing or decreasing, as the annual amount of revenue. Held on payment into the public treasury of a sum supposed to be equivalent to its revenue; a village, &c.— Wº/soſ. A rent or revenue progressively increasing.— Oudh. Settlements at a gradually increasing rate of rent.—Bengal. - Rateable; proportionate; progressively in- creasing or decreasing.—N. W. P. Rasadé-ſama—A progressively increasing or di- minishing total of assessment.—Wilson. A rent progressively increasing.—Oudh. Varying rent.—Benga!. Rasād, Rasidu—The English word “receipt,” a receipt.—Wilson. A receipt.—Sindh. Literally, arrived; hence perhaps it is equi- valent to the English word “receipt.”— Bengal. £asidu—See Basid. - Rassi—Equal to one bigah; #átha; 20 Bans.—Bengal. - Rastee—Peaceable. The Rastee villages in the Kupperwanj and Morassa Tālūkás are opposed to the Mewasee villages. They contain chiefly Kunbees and other quiet cultivators, while the Mewäsee villages are chiefly com- posed of Kolees and other turbulent characters. (See “Mewdsee”).--Bombay. Rati-Mildew or blight.—Sindh. Raté, commonly Ruttee—The seed of the Abrus precatorius, used as the basis of weights for gold, silver, and drugs; the seed varies, but from various trials appears to average about one-twentieth of a 11%ths of a grain; the artificial weight has been found to average nearly 2} grains, being one- eighth of a másha, rated at 17:708 grains. As the másha in use, however, averages but about 15% grains, the eighth, or one “Rati,” will weigh rather less than 2 grains, or 1938. Jervis makes it l'953. The term is also applied sometimes, as in Midnapur, to an estate or landed property.—Wilson—Bombay. Name of a weight used in weighing precious stones, pearls, and precious metals; the eighth part of a máso.—Sindh. Ratti-One-eighth of a másha.-Benga!. Rauð—See Raú. - Raúputti—Literally “rau,” a forest, and “putti,” a tract, a division; hence villages bordering on a “rauputti” or forest tract are called Rauputti villages.—Bombay. Rausti-A fine light loamy soil (used in Upper Doab).-N. W. P. Rauvatán—Land assigned to the heirs of persons killed in the defence of any place.—Bombay. Ravaneeo-The police Patel of a village. This term is used in the Khaira and Ahmedabad Collectorates. In Broach or Surat they are called simply Police Patels.-Bombay. Rávanio–A village watchman or guard.—Wilson —Bombay. Ravesh—A projecting covered verandah, usuall constructed of wood.—Bombay. - Ravunia—A wurtunia or village policeman.—Bom- ðay. Rówaſ—A title borne by some Rajput Princes and Chiefs; a tribe of Brahmans in Central India; in Khandesh it is said to designate a tribe of Rajputs; in Kamaon, the title of the head priest of the temple of Badrinážſ, who is invariably a Namóðrø Brahman from Malabar.—Wilson—Bombay. Rawána, corruptly Rowanah, Rowannah-A pass- port, a pass, a certificate from a collector of customs authorizing goods to pass without payment of further duty.—Wilson. A pass or passport.—C. P. and Bengal. A pass; a certificate authorizing goods to pass.—N. W. P. Rawangee—Exports. A temporary heading in the village and tâluká accounts to which money while in transit is debited. The heading is now abolished.—Bombay. Rayarekhimára--Aland measure equal to 20 acres, in use in Dharwar.— Bombay. Rayał–A cultivator, a farmer, a peasant ; monly ryot.—Bengal. See Raiyat. Rayaff –Applied to land subject to Government assessment.—Sindh. Relating or belonging to a raiyat ; applied also in Bengal to lands of which the revenue is paid in money, in opposition to the khamár lands, of which the revenue is paid in kind; also to a settlement direct with the cultivators; also subjection, tenancy.— Wilson. Rayutu—See Raiyat. Razachitti—License.—Bombay. Rázánáma—A written assent, a deed of agree- ment or concurrence; a testimonial signed by a plaintiff at the end of suit that he is satis- fied with the decision; a deed of compromise by which the plaintiff or prosecutor acknow- ledges that he has been satisfied by the defendant, or a written declaration that he will be satisfied with the decision of a parti- COIſl- ( 96 ) cular person or persons; the execution of a Rázináma usually implies an amicable adjust- ment.—Wilson. This term is commonly used in revenue pro- ceedings, as meaning an intimation of the relinquishment of a ryot's rights to hold land.—Wilson–Bombay. . A deed of consent, an acquittance; the settle- ment of a dispute.—Mysore. A deed of compromise.—Sindh and Oudh. A deed of amicable settlement of a dispute. Petition certifying compromise; memorandum of the terms on which a dispute is settled.— Bengal. Deed of compromise, or attesting satisfac- tion of claim.—N. W. P. A compromise.—C. P. Reddi—A class of Shudras of the Gentu caste.— Coorg. Reh—A saline efflorescence destructive to culti- vation.—N. W. P. Impure carbonate of soda used as soap, abounding in some soils, and rendering them unproductive; even grass will not grow where it impregnates the soil.—Wilson. Reita—A ryot; a cultivator holding land from Government direct.—Coorg. Reka—See Rekha. Reka yurtee—See Rekha ſhaditi. Rékhá, Reká—The fixed standard assessment of the lands of Karnāta according to a survey measurement and classification of the soils, and a register of the money rates of payment drawn up by order of the Government of Vijayanagar in the reign of Krishna Rāya; the account was so arranged that the assessment of each spot of land was shewn on a separate line; whence the term Rékhá, a line or row; this assessment is also termed the Ráya-reſºłó, or Rekhi-mâr, from mdºr, a measure of land.— Wilson—Bombay. - Rekhá ſhadità, Reka jurtee—An account prepared in Fasli 1210 (A. D. 1802), by order of Colonel Munro, of the total of the land cul- tivated in Kanara, shewing the assessment rated on each individual in kind or money, the proportion due to Government, and the amount of rent-free land, omitting the waste: the account was apparently made up from the record of Hyder's assessment, and not from inspection, nor was it brought down to the time of the Company.—Bombay. Reri—Castor-seed.—Bengal. Révati-A rain in some places commencing between 28th March and 11th April. The land is ploughed at this time.—Mysore. Riayati birt—An assignment of land made by the owner at low or favorable rates.—Oudh. Rinko—A term used in bonds to denote the bor- rower of money.—H. A. D. Risāladár, corruptly Rissaldar—A native officer commanding a troop of irregular horse.— Wilson—Bombay. Native commissioned cavalry officer.—N. W. P. Officer commanding a detachment.—Mysore. Risâle—A detachment.—Mysore. - Rissaldar—See Risaladar. Rivá2—Rate of assessment, usage.— Mysore. JR0aja—The headman of a village among Eastern Hill tribes.—Bengaſ. Roda—Fallow.—Bombay. Rohini—A rain commencing between 22nd May and 4th June. Paddy, cotton, &c., are sown during this rain.—Mysore. Rónáná–Daily cash account of receipts and dis- bursements.-Coorg. Rojkharda—See Rojkird. Rojkód, Rojkhardá–Daily account of receipts and disbursements; a rough diary or day-book; one of the accounts formerly kept by the village accountant of money daily received from the ryots and paid to the Government officers.-Wilson—Bombay. Rojmeſ—A day-book-Bombay. A cash-book.-Wilson. Rojnama–A day-book, a diary.—Bombay. See Roznama. - - Rajnisee, Rojnisſº–A diary. The diary of work done, kept by Carcoons in the Survey Depart- ment.—Bombay. - Rojnishi—See Rajnisee. Rojun ama—See Roznama. - R0000%ar, Roobakari–A proceeding recorded.— Bengal. - Roobakari—See Roobakar. Rooedód–Judgment.—Bengal. Rora–Fragments of leaves and flowers of the gamja plant.—Bengal. Rowanah—See Rawana. Rowannah—See Rawana. Rožnáma, Roznámeka, Rojnámá, Rojunſmá–.A daily account-book, a diary, a journal.— Wilson—Bombay. - Rozhamoka–A diary.—Bengal and Oudh. See Rožnama. . Rozhamo–A day-book.-Sindh. Ruadad-Facts of proceedings.-Bengal. Rubakar—A proceeding.—Bengal. Engaged in, intent on, proceeding with, before the constituted authorities, as in a court of justice.—Wilson. - Rúðakár aft/r—Final proceedings.—C. P. Rúðaſkár navás—Proceeding writer.—W. W. P. Bubakari—A written record of a case.—Bengal. An official memorandum.—Coorg. Proceedings, a general order or communica- tion addressed to anyone.—C. P. - A proceeding recorded in vernacular.—Oudh. Rubbee—See Éabá. Rübkāri-Proceeding; vernacular orders.-N. W. P. A proceeding recorded in vernacular.—Oudh. Proceedings of a Court or public officer.— Benga!. Extract from a resolution or a letter addressed by an equal to an equal.—Mysore. t Rubikárà–Proceedings.-Punjab. Rwcôah—See Rakba. Ruſ—Cleaned cotton.—H. A. D. Rukóa—See Rakóa. Rukh—Grazing or timber preserve.—N. W. P. Rukha-A keeper or watchman. A cash payment to Kolees for protection against thieves, Robertson. Allowance given for protection from thieves. —Bombay. Rukum—See Rakam. Rwma!—A towel. The cloth in which records are wrapped.—Bombay. Runvadhioo-Land granted on account of the death of some one concerned in attacking any place,— see “JHadrum”. “Banvadhiyum” and “Hadrum” are seldom enjoyed under any Sanador writing, and the donors were sometimes Grashiyá chiefs, or sometimes Patels of villages, and they sometimes gave writings with the grant. No Writings or Sanads were ever given by the ( 97 ) State or competent public authority, so that possession or tradition are almost the only rights by which the landis held.—Bombay. Rásam—The allowances to hereditary “Pargana” officers.—H. A. D. A kind of Hak.—Bombay. Russuddee—See Rasadi. Ruttee—See Rati. - Ruttu/—A weight equal to 11b.-Bombay. Ruvee—The second or winter crop.—Bombay. Ruza chithee—A permission, a pass.--Robertson— Bombay. Ryat, Ryot—A tenant who is an actual cultivator of the soil.—Benga!. A subject, a Government cultivator.— Bombay. - * , Ryot—See Raiyat also Ryat. Ryotwar—Ryot by ryot. The present revenue system under which each Government culti- vator deals directly with the State.—Bombay. See Raiyatwar. Ryotwari—Settlement direct with tenants.-Bengal. S Sabilband—Village accounts.-H. A. D. Sabracar See–Sarbarahkar. Sadábirt—Alms or food distributed daily to the poor, &c.—N. W. P.—See Sadavartt, Sadápání—Applied to a field which enjoys a supply of water all the year round.—Sindh. Sadar—Head-quarters.-Punjab, Bengal, and N. M. P. Chief, such as “Sadar Treasury.” Synonym- ous with Hoozoor.—H. A. D.—See Sadr. Sadar Adálat—The chief Court of justice.— W. W. P. Sadar Amán or Sudder Ameen—The title of a class of Native Civil Judges.—N. W. P.—See Sadr amin. Sadar Diwānī Adálat—The chief civil court.— W. W. P. - Sadar jama—The sum total of revenue payable to the Government.— Bengal. Sadar mailguzár—Head of the landowning com- munity through whom the others pay in their quotas of revenue.—N. W. P. Village headman,—Punjab. - The chief revenue payer, one who pays it either into the Government Treasury, or to the Collector of a district, immediately, and not through any other agency; the headman or representative of a joint-tenancy village, who engages for and pays the revenue due from the community to the Government.— Wilson. - - Sadar Nizāmat Adálał—The chief criminal Court. —W. W. P. - Sadavart—See Sadavartt. - Sadávartt, Sadávart, corruptly Sadabirt—Distribu- tion of provisions daily to passers-by, mendi- cants, and paupers; in Kamaon, a grant of land to provide for the distribution of food at certain fixed spots to pilgrims.--Wilson. Charity. A place from whence charity is distributed at stated periods.-H. A. D. Sadhan–See Utar-adhan. Sádi/váru-Contingent expenses, usually applied to money allowed for the purchase of station- ery.—Coorg. Sadilwar—Contingent allowance, petty supply.— Bombay. Stationery contingent charges in an office.— Mysore. . - Contingent expenses.—H. A. D. Sádilwārid or Sadilwar-pattti, blunderingly Sadit- puttee—Extra assessment above the public revenue levied formerly by the revenue offi- cers on the pretext of defraying local district charges, termed also Mahál-Sādirwārid, not provided for otherwise by the Maratha Government. It also means a petty supply allowance.—Wilson—Bombay. Sadi/war-patti—See Sadíſwarid. Saditputtee—See Sadilwarid. Sadiya/—A village rent collector (used in Chota Nagpore).-Bengal. Sadr, Sudr, vernacularly Sadar, Sudur, corruptly Sudder, Suddur—Eminence, superiority, chief, supreme; the highest or foremost of any- thing; the chief seat of Government, the presidency, as opposed to the provinces or mufassil; but the term is most usually applied in India to denote establishments or individuals employed in the judicial and revenue administration of the State.—Wil- son—Bombay. Head-quarters.-Oudh. * Chief.-C. P. - Sadr Amán, Sadar Amín commonly, Sudder Ameen— A Chief Commissioner or arbitrator, the title of a class of Native Civil Judges under the British Government, distinguished as Sadr Amāns and Principal Sadr Amâns. After various extensions of their jurisdiction, the Sadr Amán in Bengal was empowered to pro- nounce judgment in civil cases to the extent of Rs. 1,000, and the Principal Sadr Amán to that of Rs. 5,000, which was afterwards extended to an indefinite amount in suits referred to him by a city or zillah judge. A limited criminal jurisdiction was also conferred upon both. At Madras, Sadr Amºns have civil jurisdiction to the extent of Rs. 2,500, and criminal jurisdiction in referred cases. The designation of a superior class of officers styled native judges was subsequently changed to that of Principal Sadr Améns. At Bom- bay also, the designations of Native and Principal Native Commissioner were changed severally to those of Principal Sadr Amán, and Sadr Amán with similar powers.-Wilson. This designation was formerly applied to subordinate judicial officers, but has lately been changed by law to “subordinate judges.” —Bombay. Sadr Diwán? Adálat—The chief civil Court.—Wilson This appellation is now changed to “High Court.”—Bombay. - Sadr Faujdará Adálaţ or Sadr Nizāmat Adálat—The chief criminal Court.—Wilson. This appellation is now changed to “High Court.”—Bombay. Sadr málguzár—Headman among or representative of the proprietors of a village.—C. P. Sadr-mis/-band—All the records of a case bound up under a label with full particulars.-Oudh. Sadr Nizamat adalaţ—See Sadr Faujdari Adalat. Saer—See ser. | Sag—Discovery of a portion of stolen property. Trace by which property is found.—Sindh. Sagar—A rough cart used for draught.—Bengal. Ságinakula—Holder of land on Sagu tenure.— Coorg. ºi Sagoovelly—See Sagubadi. ( 98 ) Sagually—See Sagubadi. Ságu–The ordinary tenure on which lands in Coorg proper are held. The assessment is at the rate of Rs. 10 per 100 butties (q.v.). Land held by a jamma ryot passing into the hands of any of the unprivileged classes becomes liable to assessment at the Ságu rates. When portions of farms are in the hands of different holders, they pay Ságu rates; but if a whole farm comes into the possession of one of the privileged classes, he may obtain the farm on jamma tenure. Ságu lands can be mortgaged or sold subject to the right of pre-emption by the ryot who has held any portion of the farm for the longest time.—Coorg. Sagubadi, Ságuva/7, Sagoove/y, Sagwally, Sagually, Sakupadi—Cultivation, tillage, farming.— Wilson—Bombay. Saguvali—See Sagubadi. Ságuvali-chłłu.—Written permission to cultivate land given to a ryot on his application to take up land being accepted.—Coorg. Ságuwalidar-Cultivator.—Mysore. Sagwally—See Sagubadi. Saheb–See Sahió. - Sahi...—A sub-division or part of a village (used in Orissa).-Benga!. t Sáhib, Saheb.—A master, a lord, a companion. In Hindústani the usual designation and address of a respectable European,—Wilson—Bombay. Sahootra—See Sahotra. Sážotrá, erroneously Sahootra.—Six per cent., whether by the month or year; a fee or per- quisite of six in a hundred given to a public officer; an item of the Maratha Chauth, or six per cent. of the balance of the collec- tions, after setting aside one-fourth to the Peshwa, assigned to the Pant Sachiva, or minister so termed, to whose representative the Sahotra in certain cases is still granted.— - Wilson—Bombay. Sáhu, also Sáhukár, Savkar, Sãokár, Saikar, whence the vernacular forms Soucar, Sowkar, Saukar, corruptly Showkar—A banker, a dealer in money and exchanges, a merchant in gene- ral.—Wilson—Bombay. Sahukar—See Sahu. Saiſ—The same as “aman.”—Benga!. A torrent or flood.— Wilson. Sailáð,-A flood or torrent, an inundation.—Wilson —N. W. P. - t Natural overflow of water from floods or inundation.—Sindh. Sai/affi.—Land liable to inundation.—N. W. P. Land watered by inundations.—Wilson. Tand watered by the natural overflow of water from floods or inundation, and ren- dered thoroughly moist and soaked. This is cultivated when the water drains off it.— Sindh, Sár, Sáyer, Sáyar, Sáyaru, corruptly Sayr, Sayre— In its original purport the word signifies moving, walking, or the whole, or the re- mainder ; from the latter it came to denote the remaining or al/ other sources of revenue accruing to the Government, in addition to the land-tax, from a variety of imposts, as cus- toms, transit duties, licenses, fees, house-tax, market-tax, &c., in which sense the term is current throughout India.-Wilson. It is one of the two main heads of Revenue used in jumabundy reports. Anything which is not land revenue is sayer: its literal meaning is balance, or remainder.—Bombay. Miscellaneous revenue not derived from land. —Sindh. w Miscellaneous receipts or dues paid to landed proprietors, not being rents of lands; mano- rial rights.-N. W. P.-See Jalkar. Sais.-Groom.— Benga/. Sajawal,—Administrator, Punjab.-See Sazawal. Sajje—Holcus Spicatus.—Mysore. Saffi, Sajimati, Saffānān, incorrectly Soojeemaſee. An impure carbonate of soda called Sajji earth, or Saffi salt, extracted from the soil in various parts of Hindústan, especially in the Doab : also the alkaline produce of a plant (chloroaſlon Griffithi) obtained from its ashes when burnt. Three qualities are distinguished, Choa-Sajji, the purest; Hátha- Saft, the next ; and Khára-Sajji, the most impure: all three are varieties of the barilla or soda of commerce.—Wilson. Barilla.-Punjab. Sajjimati—See Saft. Sajjinun–See Saffi. Sakupadi–See Sagubadi. Sala—A wife’s brother; a brother-in-law. To call a stranger by such an appellation is one of the most aggravated terms of abuse in Ben- gal.—Bengal—h/i/son. Salába—Land moistened by flood or by percola- tion.—Punjab. Salámee–Tribute, quit-rent; a quit-rent to which every description of alienated land is more or less subject, and varying greatly in amount. It probably was originally intend- ed as a simple acknowledgment of fealty to the superior, and its amount was often little more than nominal. It however even- tually became a very important part of the assessment, and was found a useful method of taxing land illegally alienated or held by a doubtful tenure. Act VII of 1863, com- monly called the Summary Settlement Act, imposes a salamee or quit-rent of 2 annas per rupee on all unadjudicated alienated lands. The Sanads given under this Act secure the holder against any further enquiry as to title.—Bombay. Salámi–Capitation tax on rent-free land.—H.A.D. Relating to compliments, or a salutation, es- pecially a complimentary present, a douceur, the first receipts of an appointment tendered to the person through whom it has been obtained; a present to a superior upon being introduced to him; a gratuity or offering on receiving a lease or settling for the revenue, or on receiving any favour real or implied; a fee or fine levied annually on the holders of rent-free tenures as a quit-rent; applied adjectively to tenures so held.—Wilson. Payments to Government out of Imam lands. —Bombay. A complimentary present; a douceur. A present made in money.—Bengal. Slope.—Sindh. W. W. P., &c. Sáliánadár—A pensioner who is paid yearly.— H. A. D. A pensioner, an annuitant, one who receives an annual allowance, stipend, or pension.— Wilson. . . w Saliana/º-See Warshasan. Sális, corruptly Saſ/is—An umpire, an arbitrator. —Wilson. - ( 99 ) Village arbitrator.—Bengal. Saliyáná—Any annual cash allowance or stipend received from Government.—Bombay. Saljhāda—Annual return.—Mysore. Sallis—See Salis. Samar—Crop-ploughing.—Wilson. A flat piece of wood about 4 feet long, 8 inches wide and 4 inches thick. This is at- tached to a yoke. It has an upright piece of wood in the centre. The driver stands on the “Samár,” holding on by the upright post, and the “Samár” is drawn over the soil after ploughing, to crush it and prepare it for the seed.—Bombay. ... • - Samba, Sambanellu, also Shambá, Chamba—A superior kind of rice with white and well- flavoured grains; it is sown in July, trans- planted in October, and reaped in Febru- ary.—Wilson. A superior rice crop sown in July and trans- planted in October, reaped in February.— Madras. - Sambala—Pay, salary, wages.—Coorg. Pay, hire, wages; provender or stock for travelling expenses; provisions for a journey. — Wilson. - - Sambanellu—See Samba. Sambat—Era prevalent in Ramghur estate.—Ben- gal.—An era among Hindoos generally, whe- ther of Vikramāditya, Sálivāhana, or any other fixed period of time. one most used in Northern India.-N. W. P.- See Samvatsara. Sambhawane—Collections received in kind by mendicant Brahmins.—Bombay. Same—Panicum frumentaceum.—Mysore. Samiliat talukdar—A talukdar holding directly from the zamindar.—Bengal. Sampádane—A perquisite, allowance, gains not authorized.—Coorg. Samvat—See Samvatsara. Samvatsara, vernacularly also Samvat, Sumvut, Sambat, Sumbuſ—A year; but it is especially applied to the luni-solar years of the era of Vikramāditya, commencing with the year of the Kali age 3,045, or 57 years B.C., which latter number is to be added to any year A.D. to find the Samvat, as A.D. 1850 + 57 = 1907; and conversely to be deducted from the Samvat to find the A.D., as 1907–57 = 1850. The Samvat era is chiefly used in Telingana and Hindústan, occasionally in Bengal, rarely in the Penin- sula.-Wilson. San, Sun—A year. Like Samvat it is also applied to the years of an era, of which there are two varieties in use,_the Bengali and the Vilaití, the former current in Bengal and very commonly quoted, the latter current more rarely in the Dakhin, but used and known as the Amli-San (or official year) of Orissa. To convert the former into the years A.D., 593 must be added to any period within the first nine months, 594 for the other three; to convert the latter, 592 within the first four months, 593 for the other eight; thus the Bengal San beginning on the first Baisakh, 963 + 593 = A.D. 1556. The Vilaiti San beginning on the first of Aswin, 963 + 592 = 1555. These eras were first established by the emperor Akbar. San is also used in speaking of the years of a king's reign as chronicled by his coins; a rupee of the 19th The first is the [ Sam is one coined in the 19th year of his reign.—Wilson–Bombay. The ordinary word for year, used in the case of all dates except those in which the Hindoo Sambat is the era. Thus “ san 1150 Hijri’ is equivalent to I150 A.H. “San 1860 Isazy?” is 1860 A.D. Sana, vernacularly San or Sun, corruptly Sunn— A plant, the fibres of which are used for the manufacture of cordage, canvas, and the like; Indian hemp (crofalaria juncea), also the flax or fibres.—Wilson. Hemp.–C. P. Crofalaria juncea, the plant which yields the natives their best hemp.–Oudh. Sánabhāga, corruptly Shanabogue, Shanbogue, Shambogue, also Kulkaraní-Sánabhoga—The village clerk or accountant who keeps the accounts of the cultivation, and registers everything connected with it; he is paid by a grant of land and portions of the crop; a writer or clerk in general.—Wilson— Bombay. - . Sanad, Sannadu, Sunud, incorrectly or verna- cularly Sunnud—A grant, a diploma, a charter, a patent, a document conveying to an indivi- dual emoluments, titles, privileges, offices or the Government rights to revenue from land, &c., under the seal of the ruling authority; deed of grant.—Wilson—Bombay and W. W. P. - Deed of grant.—Punjab. Deed of grant, lease.—Sindh. A grant, charter, title-deed.—C. P. A grant, a diploma, a charter, a patent, a deed of grant.— Benga!. A certificate, title-deed.—Oudh. . Authoritative patent, title-deed.—H. A. D. Samaddār—One who holds a written authority or sanad from the ruling power to hold land or office.—Mysore. Sanghareniya—A pawn or pledge to be surren- dered to the mortgagee only in the event of the principal or interest not being paid according to the agreement.—Bombay. Sánghóro–Name of the season when the water subsides.—Sindh. Sangirav, vulgarly Sangiro–A pledge for a loan which may be left in the hands of the borrower and is only surrendered in case of his failure to pay the principal and interest of the loan.—Wilson. - - Mortgage without possession.—Robertson— Bombay. Sangiro—see Sangirav. Samhir—An implement to pulverise the clods of earth after the ground has been ploughed.— Sindh. Sankat—A mortgage bond, or security bond, without possession of mortgaged property. Interest is payable on this kind of bond. (See “Ghareneea’’).—Bombay. Sankhi-bandh-jameen—A system of security, under which a number of people entered into security for one another. Thus taking A. B. C. and D., A. stood security for B., B. for C., C. for D., and D. for A.—Bombay. Sánkhu–Fallow land.—Bombay. Sánk/{-A measure of land equal to 33 feet.— Bombay. Sannad—A grant, a patent, a document conveying to an individual emoluments, titles, privileges, offices, or Government rights to revenue from land, &c., under the seal of the ruling ( 100 ) authority. The Muhammadan Government had different forms of Sånnads according to the nature of the grant.—Bombay. Sannadu—See Sanad. Sannakki—See Akki. - Samsthāna, corruptly Sanvasthan, Suvusthan, Sowus- than—A common abode, a place where many persons dwell together, a place, a monastery, a neighbourhood, a town, a royal town or capital, also a place supposed to be the scene of the manifestation of a deity, or sanctified by the residence of celebrated teachers or saints; a town or place made over for the especial maintenance of some deity or religi- ous community, the site of any event con- sidered deserving of religious commemora- tion. A collection of goods or money, stock, capital.—Wilson. Its present meaning is a district or territory belonging to a native chief, or prince, a State, —Bombay. Sant—See Santa. Santa, Sante, Santai, Sant—A market, a fair, an assemblage for the sale of goods; also in Guzrat, land tax assessment.—Wilson. Market or fair.—Madras. Sántá—Sugarcane.—Wilson–0. P. Santai—See Santa. Sante-Afair, a market place.—Coorg–See Santa. Santépasaráyi—Market fees.—Coorg. Sánth—Rent of land.—Bombay. - Sanud—A written order of the superior Zamindars. —Bengal. Sánwá—A kind of grain.-0. P. Sanwasthan–See Sansthana. Saokar—See Sahu. Sapurddór—Title of village headman in South Mirzapore.—N. W. P. Sar, Sur—The head; also metaphorically, chief, principal, the head in general.—Wilson. —Bombay. - Sárá, corruptly Sarra—A tax on fields and en- closures, land tax.-h/i/son. Land tax.-H. A. D. Sarabu—See Sarraf. Sarada—Used in Orissa, the same as “Aman.” —Bengal. - Saráſ-A money-changer, a banker; an officer employed to ascertain the value of different currencies.—N. W. P. Banker, money-lender—Sindh, vulgo, Shroff —See Sarraf. - Saráfa—An official employed in treasuries to test and count coins.— Coorg. Saraff—See Sarraf. Sarā-A building for the shelter and accommoda- tion of travellers.-N. W. P. Rest-house.—Punjab. A palace, a large edifice, a building for the shelter and accommodation of travellers, usual- ly a quadrangle surrounded by low chambers opening internally, and backed by a dead wall, the square, in the centre of which are the heavy luggage and beasts of burden, being entered by a gateway, the gate of which is closed at night; an inn; a caravan- serai.-Wilson. Sarak—High road.—Sindh. Sarakaru–See Sarkar. Sarážaff, corruptly Shurakuttee—A term applied to villages or estates, the revenues of which are shared by Government with others. —hºlson—Bombay. - 4A, Saram—Bájri stalk-Bombay. Saramſn—A sub-magistrate.—Mysore. Saran—Alluvial valley.—Bombay. Saranjám, Surunjam, corruptly Sarunjam, Serinjam, Surinjam—Apparatus, provisions, furniture, materials, what is essential to any undertak- ing; amongst the Marathas it was applied especially to a temporary assignment of revenue from villages or lands for the support of troops or for personal military service, usually for the life of the grantee; also to grants made to persons appointed to civil offices of the State to enable them to main- tain their dignity, and to grants for chari- table purposes: these were neither transferable nor hereditary, and were held at the pleasure of the Sovereign.—Wilson—Bombay. Saranjándár—The holder of an assignment for purposes specified.—Wilson—Bombay. One holding land for a political service.— Sindh. Saranjami—In Bengal, under the Muhammadan Government, the term was applied to allow- ances sometimes granted to Zamindars or farmers, or admitted as deductions for the charges of collecting the revenue or other incidental expenses.—Bengal. Sarape—See Sarraf. Saraph—See Sarraf. Sarapu-See Sarraf. | Sarásari—Average.—Coorg. A summary, a mean, an average, an estimate. In Marathi, loosely, carelessly, roughly, as a rough statement or estimate. In Hindústani the more usual form is Sarsari.—Wilson. Sarawałeen—Land mortgaged for a certain number of seasons or crops, the mortgagee re- ceiving the crops, but no interest for his money.—Bombay. Sáráyi–Spirituous liquor of which there are two kinds, Bellada Sáráyi, Bhattada Sáráyi.— Coorg.—See Bhattada. Sarôandi—See Sibandź. Sarbaráhkár, corruptly Sabracar, Serbarrakar, Surberakar, Surðurakar—Amanager, a steward, a factor, a trustee; the manager of an estate for minors, females, idiots, or disqualified pro- prietors; an officer appointed to such duty by the Court of Wards under the British Govern- ment ; the manager on behalf of unseparat- ed coparceners. In Cuttack the title was given to the village accountant when he was the general director and manager of the re- venue affairs, being paid by a percentage on the collections of his village ; in some cases the office had become hereditary but without the right of alienation, without the permis- sion of the zamindar.—Wilson. Manager.—W. W. P., C. P., and Bengal. Sardár, commonly but incorrectly Sirdſºr—A chief, a headman, a commander; the head of a set of palankin bearers.-Wilson—Bombay. A chief; a headman; a valet.—Bengal. Sar darakhfi-Fruit from trees.—Sindh. Sardeshmukh—See Sardesmukh. Sardesmukh, Sardeshmukh, Sirdeshmukh—The head of the Maratha officers termed Desmukhs in an extensive district, and standing between them and the Government. In some places the title has become hereditary, and even a portion of the fees attached to the office sub- sists, without any authority being exercised.— Wilson—Bombay. ( 101. ) Sardeshmukh?—An item in excess of the regular revenue demand.—C. P. Saºfekhás—Crown lands.-H. A. D. Sarhad, Surhud, corruptly Serhud, Sirhad, Sur- Tud—Boundary, border, confines, limit.— Wilson—Bombay. Boundary.—N. W. P. Sárhi or Sári—A long cloth worn by Hindú women, wrapped round the body and passed over the head; the only usual attire of the lower classes.—Wilson, Bengal, and Bombay. Sárhia—Rape seed (Sinapis glauca).-Sindh. Sari—See Sarhi. Sarāshía—Record office.—C. P. See Sarrishta. Sarishtadaſ—See Sarrishtadar. Sarkār, Sarakóru, commonly, but incorrectly Sirear or Sirkar—The Government, the State, the supreme authority or administration; the governing authority or administrator of af- fairs; the ruler, the king; a landlord, a pro- prietor, a superintendent, a chief, a man- ager.—Wilson—Bombay. The State.—Punjab and N. W. P. In Bengal it commonly denotes a native servant who keeps the household accounts and receives and disburses money for his em- ployer; a sort of house steward; Govern- ment.—Bengal. Government.—C. P. The State; land paying full assessment is so styled, in contradistinction to inam. Some- times a province, as the “Northern Circars,” viz., the present districts of Ganjam, Wiza- gapatam, Godavari, and Kistna.-Madras. [This last is the sense in which the word was used in the Moghal administration. A sarkār then answered nearly to our Division.] Sarkāri, Sirkóri—Relating or belonging to the Government, or to any superior authority.— Wilson—Bombay. - Relating to Government.—Bengal. Belonging to Government.—H. A. D. Sarkārž-patit—Tand left uncultivated for more than two years, and then claimable by the landlord or the Government; all lands lying waste, and not included in the assessment.— Wilson—Bombay. Sarkāržum—The chief officer of the Customs De- partment employed at a port to collect customs or port dues.—Bombay. Sarkat—A coarse and reedy grass. It is used to make coarse chicks, the sides and roofs of small temporary huts. The Bheels make very good arrows from this reed.—Bombay. Sarkhat, Surk/ut, Sirkut—A written agreement, a receipt, a bill of sale, a deed of lease, a note of acknowledgment from the Government to payers of the revenue, bearing upon it the successive instalments paid into the treasury. — Wilson—Bombay. Sarkā–Cotton seed.—H. A. D. - Sarpanch—Chief umpire or referee.—N. W. P. The presidentofa Pancháž.--Wilson—Bombay. The president of abody of arbitrators.—Oudh. Sarpáv—The word Sarpáv is used a great deal in common parlance. Should any person have an occasion of rejoicing, such as a wedding, or should he have been very fortunate and made a good deal of money, he will call his friends together and make them presents of shawls, turbans, &c. Thesepresents are called “Sarpáv.” There is a difference between this word and “ Inam”; the one is only given as a matter of pleasure and at rejoicings, the other may be earned and is a reward for services. Sarpáv were also presents given to salt dealers, who fre- quented the works and made large purchases; also a present made to any naik or headman of Wanjárás who came to the salt works and brought a large number of traders with him. It further signifies a present or reward given at the Land Transit Mahals to traders passing through the Mahals with a large quantity of goods paying a heavy duty. Also presents formerly made to Patels and others on the completion of the jamabandee. Presents made by girashiyas and talukdars to the village officer as a gift upon collecting their haks, &c.—Bombay. Sarra—See Sara. Sarráſ, commonly Saraf, vernacularly Saráph, Sarápé, Sarápu, Saráðu, corruptly, Saraff, Sharáff, Shroff--A money-changer, a banker, an officer employed to ascertain the value of different currencies.—Wilson. Also used for a treasurer in Government or mercantile offices.— Bombay. Sarrishta, Sarishta, Surishtu, corruptly Serishta, Sherista, Sherishtah—A record, a register, office, employment; an office of registry or record; it is sometimes but inaccurately used for the officer.—Wilson. Office.—Bengal. Sarrishtadár, or Sarishtadár, Sirasted&r, Siristedár —A registrar, a record-keeper; applied espe- cially to the head native officer of a Court of Justice or Collector’s office, who has the general superintendence of the establish- ment and charge of the public records and official documents and papers.-Wilson— Bombay. - Superintendent of vernacular office.—N. W. P. The head native officer of a cutcherry or Court.— Madras. Head of office.—0. P. Chief record-keeper and court reader.—Punjab. Sarso—Mustard oil seed.—Benga!. Sarson—An oilseed, mustard (Sinapis dichotoma), rape seed.—Oud/. Sartà!—Second test of measurement.-Punjab, Retesting after the partál.-N. W. P. Sarunjam—See Saranjam. Sarvamánija—Land granted on entirely free tenure.—Mysore. Sásave—Mustard.—-Coorg. Sástra, vulgarly Shastra, corruptly Shaster—An order or command, a scripture, a work of authority, especially one attributed to an in- spired writer. When used with a word im- plying the subject treated of, it may denote either a single work of the class, or the writ- ings collectively; the word is also used gener- ally for any literary or scientific composition, or for any branch of investigation.—Wilson— Bombay. Sáströ, vulgarly Shastree—A man of learning, one who teaches any branch of Hindú learning, an expounder of Hindú law.—Wilson—Bom- ðay. sºund-ºwn. Sałmi—A bill of lading.—Wilson—Bombay. Satha See–Satta. Sathai–Shamzira. See “Basmatee.”— Bengal. Sathi dham—A rice which is ripe in 60 days after sowing, little appreciated, and little grown.— Oudh. * Zl ( 102 ) Sathwārá—The Sathwárás are an inferior tribe, something similar in their habits and pursuits to the Kacheeas.-Bombay. Satram or Chuţtrum—Same as Chavadi, except that food is also distributed to mendicants and Brahmins.—Madras. Satta, Saffa—An engagement to supply articles or grain, &c., on consideration of specified ad- vances.—Wilson. An agreement to deliver land produce— H. A. D. - An agreement generally entered into by petty cultivators.-Bengal. Satti—See Seth. Saukár—A banker.—Wilson—Bombay. See Sahu. Sává—Panicum frumentaceum or miliaceum.— . JBombay. Savádiyun-A tax formerly taken from cultivators who threw up Government land and culti- vated the free or salāmee land belonging either to themselves or other cultivators. An irregular extra tax levied in particular cases over and above the ordinary land tax when cultivators cultivate sugarcane, plantains, &c. “Swadiyú” though not unknown under the Maratha Government, was comparatively little employed by them, and in most cases was first imposed by the earliest British Collectors, in order not only to raise a direct revenue from alienated lands and thus prevent loss, when the management of the villages was taken out of the hands of the village community and assessed directly by the Collector, but also to avoid the risk of Government lands being thrown out of cultivation by the hold- ers of alienated lands letting them for less than the Government rates of the village.— Bombay. Sáve—A grain, Panicum miliaceum or Panicum frumentaceum.—Coorg. Sávī or Shavee.—Withered crops.-Madras. Blighted corn, grain withered for want of moisture.—Wilson. Savkar—See Sahu. - Sawái—Cesses fixed at the settlement over and above the Government revenue; assets of a village over and above the rent of the land in. cluding the sayer, bazar dues, &c.—Oudh. Grain lent to be repaid by 25 per cent.—C. P. A quarter more, an excess of a fourth, that which is more by a fourth; interest at a rate of 25 per cent.—Wilson. . Sáwón—July.—Sindh. Name of very small millet belonging to the kharif harvest. Panicum frumentaceum.-Oudh. Sawār, Suwär—A rider, a horseman or person mounted, one carried by any conveyance.— Wilson. A horseman.—N. W. P. and Bengal. A trooper.—Mysore. A mounted policeman or horseman.—C. P. Sawasihán-A native State.—Bombay, Sawini–Inundation.—Sindh. - Sáwin%panſ—Applied to land which enjoys water during the annual rise of the river.—Sindh. Sáyar—Transit duties, miscellaneous revenue— Mysore.—See Sair. Sayaru–See Sair. Sáyer–Miscellaneous revenue.—Punjab and C. P. Miscellaneous revenue not derived from land.—Sindh. - - Miscellaneous. A revenue head of receipts which comprises every item not falling under the head Land Revenue. Bombay. Personal property in opposition to that land' or lands called “mal.”—Bengal.—See Saīr. Sáyérôá0—Revenue other than from land.— Bombay. Sáyer Kharch–Contingent village expenses,— C. P. - Sayr—See Sair. Sayre–See Sair. Sazówal, Suzawal, Sajówaſ–A native collector of revenue; an officer specially appointed to take charge of and collect the revenue of an estate, from the management of which the owner or farmer has been removed; a land- steward, a bailiff, an agent appointed by a landowner or lessor to compel payment of rent by tenants or leaseholders.-Wilson. A tehsildar deputed to collect rents from ryots.--Benga/. Manager, supervisor.—N. W. P. Sazáwalkár—Canal supervisor.—Sindh. Seòundee—See Siðandi. Duties on traffic.— Sedundy—See Siðandi. Sed/0—The boundary of a field,—Bombay. Seeah—See Siah. Seeaha—See Siaſ. - Seed-marakkál or Seed-mercul—The quantity of ground which a marakkál of seed will sow.—Madras. Seed-mercuſ—See Seed-maražal. Seem—The fields or lands of a whole village.— Bombay. Seemado—The boundary or extreme limit of the lands of a village.—Bombay. Seer—See Sir, also Ser. Seeröundy—A corps of peons.—Bombay. Seha —See Siah. Sehaddā—Junction of three boundaries.—Oudh. Seham—A fraction of a seer.—Bengal. Séja—A group or cluster of villages in charge of a village accountant or talaţi. Every village that is not held under the narwa or Öhag- daree tenure is said to be “ Seja.” This term is only used in the Ahmedabad and Khaira Collectorates.—Bombay. Sejje–Bajri.—Bombay. - - Sekdar—See Shikkdar. Sekhdār—See Tajwijdar; the term is only employ- ed in the Surat Collectorate.—Bombay. Sendi, Shend?—The tuft or lock of hair on the crown of the head left at tonsure.--Wilson —Bombay. Sepi—A village servant.—Punjab. Sepoy—A soldier.—Wilson. A peon.—Bombay.—See Sipahi. - Ser—Commonly, but incorrectly Seer, corruptly Saer—A measure of weight, varying in differ- ent parts of India, and for different articles, but generally reckoned in Bengal at eighty tolas sicca weight, or as one-fortieth of a man or maund. On the west of India the Surat ser is said to be equal to Avoirdupois weight lib or 16 ozs., and the Bombay ser to 13 ozs. only.—Wilson. - A measure of capacity about a quart. A weight about 2 lbs varying from 20 to 80 to/as, - Bombay. A weight of 80 fo/as, equals 2 lbs 1 oz. English Avoirdupois weight, nearly.— Bengal. The old Madras cutcha seer was 80 gold pagodas’ weight, or 8 palams. There is a pukka seer = 24 palams. When spoken of ( 103 ) as a measure of capacity it equals two-thirds of a “padi.”—Madras. A measure equal to 2 Tbs.—C. P. A weight of 80 folas or 2 lbs.-Sindh and Oudh. - 2:057 fts.—Punjab. Grain measure = Rs. 84 in weight, or pints l'68, a weight = 24 tolas.-Mysore. Sera—See Shara, also Sharh. Seraé—An inn.—Bengal. Seróarrakar—See Sarôarahkar. Serhud—See Sarhad. Serſ, corruptly Shairee, She/ree—Arable land origi- nally excluded from the village assessment, either as fallen in consequence of neglect of cultivation or forfeiture into the hands of the Government, and managed for its benefit, or such land separated under some pretext by the great officers of the State, and managed for their own advantage alone. When the será lands were appropriated by the Government, they were sometimes rented to the mámlat- dárs at a favourable rate; latterly they were made over to the pâtiſs and assessed along with the other lands of the village, from which they then ceased to differ, except in retaining their original appellations. The same word in Telugu is explained in a similar manner to denote land cultivated by the ryots on account of the State, paying usually at the rate of half the nett produce of ordinary cultivation, or one-third of that of garden cultivation. Será land was con- sidered to be of two kinds—(1) land lying waste and unclaimed, and (2) land respecting which disputes not admitting of decision had prevailed. Será is elsewhere explained to signify the same as bafáč, or the partition of the produce between the state and the culti- vator; and, again, to mean merely ploughed land, or cultivation in general.—Wilson — Bombay. A small land grant for village service.—Sindh. Seri—One ser per maund; a cess levied like the arhaiva to recompense the watchman of stand- ing crops.-Oudh. Serádár—The holder of a small land grant for village service.—Sindh. Serinjam—See Saranjam. Serishta—See Sarrishta. Serishtadár—Judicial head munshi in a Collec- torate.—Sindh. Head ministerial officer.—Benga!. Sérvegára—A duffadar in charge of an ukkada, a chief herdsman,—Coorg. Set—See Seth. Seth, Set, Set, Sethi, Setti, Shaitee, Shuitee, Chitty Satti, Settiru-Amerchant, abanker, a trader, a chief merchant; often used in connection with the name as a respectful designation, as Jagat Seth. In some places the Setſ, or Sethi is the head of the mercantile or trading body, exer cising authority over them in matters of caste and business, and as their representative with the Government.—Wilson—Bombay. Head of a banking house.—Sindſ. Seth, corruptly Shetee—The headman of a particular trade.—Wilson—Bombay. Seth?—See Seth. & Sethsaddi—A peon-Mysore. Seá–See Seth. Setsanadž or Shetsanada, less correctly Shets?!?!?!?!dee and corruptly Sketsundee, Skałłsunded—One holding a sanad or grant of lands for military Service, applied especially to a local militia acting also as police and as garrisons of forts; also an assignment or grant of revenue of land for certain services; the assignment, as well as the office, may be hereditary.—Wilson —Bombay. - Setti—See Seč/. Setúru–See Seth. Setyá, Shetyá—A particular officer in a mart or commercial town, having the superintendence and regulation of the traffic ; in some places the headman of each description of traders. —Wilson—Bombay. Sewaee—See Siwa%. Sewana—Boundary.—Bengal. Skádána—Illegal cess paid by the cultivators to their landlords at the time of the marriage of their sons or daughters.-Bengal. Anything relating to marriages, music and other accompaniments; fees or presents made sometimes to the zamindar by the cultivators at marriages.—Wilson. . Shahjehan: Öigha-Five-eighths of an acre.— Oudh. Shahna—Bailiff who looks after crops in behalf of the Zamindar.—Oudh. Shaikdar—See Shikhdar. Shałree—See Seri. Shaitee—See Seth. Shaitsundee—See Setsanadi. Shajra—Field map.–Punjab and N. W. P. Genealogical tree.—C. P. A plan or map of a village.—Oudh. Skálū-A variety of jawári (holcus saccharatus).- It ripens in the cold season.— Bombay. Shamba—See Samba. Shambogue—See Sanabhoga. Shamiana/-A pavilion, a canopy.—Oudh. Shámil—Extending to, including, comprehending the term, less correctly written Shámul, or used in the plural as Shāmīlāţ ; was applied in Mysore to the whole additional assessment on the land above the original standard rates made by the Muhammadan rulers Haidar and Tipu, Wilson—Bombay. Shámilat—Lands held in common.—N. W. P. Comprehensive or coparcenary concern; lands which have never been divided, but are part and parcel of an estate held in common or in partnership by the whole proprietary body of a village ; the lands of such a village, which are not let out or severally appropriated, but which are cultivated in common, and of which the produce is divided amongst the proprietors according to re- corded portions.—Wilson. Joint.—C. P. Lands held in common.—Oudh. Shánabhāga or Shan%09—Village accountants; with hardly an exception they are of the Brahmin caste. The office is hereditary in common with all the other village officials. In some places they hold land free of rent, and in others on light assessment. In some few places a fixed money allowance is given. In all instances there are certain fixed fees payable to them in money or in kind by the ryots.-Mysore. In Coorg, a Shánaú/.4% is the accountant of a Nad or Hoà!y, and acts as a clerk to the Parputtigar, keeping the registers and records and preparing the returns for the Nad.— Coorg. ( 104 ) Shanabogue—See Sahabhoga. - Shanabu—Hemp used in making a coarse cloth called goni...—Coorg. Shambhog—See Shahabhoga. Shanbogue—See Sanabhoga, Shankallap—Land given often rent-free to a Brahmin (generally without consideration paid).-0ud/. Shaproja—A cultivator who holds land rent-free directly from the landlord (used in Bancoorah.) —Bengal. Shara, Shurra, Será, Sherá–The law; or the precepts of Muhammadanism as derived from the Kurán, sometimes classed under five heads—Itikádát, articles of faith ; Ibádat, religious worship; Muamalat, Social transac- tions, civil law ; Muzajir, punishment or criminal law ; and Adá0, good manners, moral conduct, propriety. Amongst the Marathas it means also an order, a warrant, especially that which is written on the foot of a petition or representation.—Wilson— Bombay. Sharaff—See Sarraf. Shara/-Rate of rent.— Benga!. Sharh, Será–Explanation, a commentary, a gloss; also pay, allowance ; also rate, rate of assessment, &c.—Wilson. Rate—C. P. Shásana—A stone, brass or copper plate on which memorial inscriptions, grants to temples, &c., are recorded.—Coorg. - Shastar—A monastery in Assam.— Bengal. Shaster—See Sastra. Shastra—See Sastra. Shastree—See Sastri. Shatranſ?–A cotton carpet.--Sindh. Shavee—See Savi. Shay-nay—A pleader.—British Burma, Shee/offreedar—See Shel/offree. Shekdār—Revenue officer in charge of a hobli or division of a taluk.-Mysore. See Shikhdar. Shekhdar—The district hereditary officer whose duty it was to preside over auction sales of occu- pancy, fruit trees, &c., to examine cultivation returns and ryots receipt books, and generally to do outside district work.-Robertson— JBombay. She//otree, Shee/offreedar–A person who has re- claimed land from creeks by dams, and sub-let it to others from whom he receives certain dues on account of his keeping the dam in repair.-- Bombay. Shelotree–Owner of salt works.-Bombay. Shéndi—The juice of the date-palm, toddy which ferments and becomes intoxicating. See Hen- da,—Coorg—See Sendi. Sheotur—Land granted rent-free to a man who is to devote the proceeds to the worship and service of Shiva. – Benga!. Sher—A weight equals lbs. 2.-H. A. D. Shera—See Shara. Sherastadára-A superior officer who has charge of a department, such as “the Revenue She- Tisładar,” “ the Judicial Sherishtadar.” In the talooks the Sheristadar has charge of the talook office, subordinate to the Součedar, and in the absence of the Součedar car- ries on his duties in revenue matters, has charge of the sub-treasury, supervises the preparation of accounts, returns, &c.—Coorg. Skerishtah—See Sarrīshāa. Sherista—See Sarrishta. Sheristador—The head native official of the ver- nacular department of a Collector’s or other office.—Bengal. Vernacular Secretary.—Bombay. Sherº-Commonly called a seer; 80 seers make a Chałłż. A measure of capacity containing 37 fluid ounces, or as much rice as is equivalent to 80 rupees’ weight.—Coorg. - Shéru-A weight of 27% rupees.—Coorg. Sheffee—See Setſ. Shetsamadi-See Setsamadi. Shetsundee—See Setsanadi. Shetsundi—A village police peon.—H. A. D. Shetsunnudee—See Setsamadi. Shetti—A title borne by merchants or traders, The name of a caste generally traders, but used officially as a title of the principal man of a town or pettah. He, with the assistance of the Putna Shetties, and the Pożałżs of the different quarters of the town, collects the no/tu/a and other dues for Government, being himself exempt from such payments. He also exercises supervision in matters con- nected with revenue over the townsmen, and is the medium of communication between them and the superior officers of Govern- ment.—Coorg. Shettijät-A class of Shudras who conform to the mode of living and dress of the Coorgs, but are not allowed to eat with them.—Coorg. Shetya—See Seiya. Shewatur—Rent-free land given for religious pur- poses in dedication to the god Siva-Bengal. Shewayajumd—Miscellaneous revenue.—H. A. D. Skewla—A temple sacred to Siva, Bengal. Shey'ree—See Seri. Sºjyo—Field plan; genealogical tree.—Sindh. Shikami taluka—An estate comprised within a Zamindari and paying revenue through the Zamindar or other revenue contractor or mal- guzar.—Wilson—Bengal. Sºikamk/arch—Subsistence money.—H. A. D. Shikár—Sport.—W. W. P. Hunting.—Wilson—Bombay. Shikárà–A sweeper.—Sindh. Sºikarmakī—Fisheries in rivers, streams, ponds, &c.—Bengal. 84%ast, Shikasta—Breaking, fracture, deficiency; broken, impaired, broken or carried away b inundation (land or the like); deficit in the col- lections, loss on the rent or farm of an estate; a broken or running handwriting.—Wilson. Diluviation.— Benga!. Shºkasta—See Shºast. Shikdar—See Shºdar. Shikimīdār—Sub-cultivator.—Mysore. Shikkdār, Shikdār, Seádár, Shekdār, corruptly Shaiſ- dár.—A revenue officer or collector appointed either by the Government or a zamindar to col- lect the revenue from a small tract of country, or from an estate; under the Mogul Govern- ment it was sometimes applied to the chief financial officer of a province, or to the Viceroy in his financial capacity; under the Marathas, an officer in charge of a few villages, collect- ing the revenue and superintending the cul- tivation subordinate to the officer in charge of the larger division, called Taraf-Wilson. Shºm?—Sub-tenant.—N. W. P. Generally applied to under-tenures and under- tenants, called Shikmi /aqiat, and Shºmā ºraiyat.--Bengal. ( 105 ) Shikmi disd.mi—An under-tenant.—Oudh. Shikmidār—Holder of a subordinate tenure.— JBengal. Shºkmå Skarżk—A shareholder whose name is not registered in the register of Collectorate.— Bengal. Shimpi–A tailor.—H. A. D. Shinda—See Sinda. Shindhan (corruptly Sendhbund)—A forest or wood of date-palm trees.—H. A. D. Shindi—The juice of the date-palm.—H. A. D. A sort of wild date tree.—Bombay. Shingadia—The blower of the “Sing.”—Bombay. Shºra—Juice of sugarcane, syrup.–N. W. P. Shérastádar—Head of a revenue or judicial office.—Mysore. Shist—See Sistu. Shistu-A register of lands compiled in the time of the Coorg Rajahs. These books are very complete and wonderfully correct. The class of soil in each field and its area are given. A list of the Báne lands attached to each farm, with a description of their position, is also added.—Coorg. See Sistu. Shitta—A sandy plain.—Bombay. Shiváyi jamá—Miscellaneous receipts credited to Government.—Coorg. Shivotra—Rent-free grant made for the worship of the god Shiva.-Bengal. Shola—A grove, copse; phrase common on the Nilgiri Hills—Madras. Shor—Barren land.—N. W. P. Salt, saline, brackish.-Wilson. Shoráč—Saltpetre manufacturer.—Sindh. Shotrium—See Srotriyam. Showkar—See Sahu. Shraddha—See Sraddha. Shradh—See Sraddha. Shraya—A description of assessment levied on waste lands brought under cultivation; periods varying from 3 to 11 years, according to the nature of the land and the time for which it has been previously uncultivated, are allowed before the full rate of assessment is charged. Meanwhile lower rates, gradually increasing, are charged, and in some cases the lands are held rent-free for the first few years. —Coorg. Progressive rental for improvement of land, or rent commencing at a low rate, and in- creasing gradually year by year, till the maximum limit is attained.—Mysore. Shroff—A money-changer, a banker, an officer employed to ascertain the value of different currencies.—Wilson—Bombay. An examiner and sorter of coins, money- changer.—Mysore. See Sarraf, also Saraf. Shrotriem—See Srotriyam.— Madras. Shrötriyandár—The holder of a village, or a cer- tain extent of land granted on easy rent in perpetuity, or for a limited number of lives, generally as a reward for public Service to Brahmins only.—Mysore. Shuitee—See Seth. Shunthi—Ginger.—Coorg. Shurakutee—A term applied to villages the revenues of which are shared by Government with imamdars.-Bombay. Shurakuttee—See Sarakati. Shurra—See Shara. Sia—See Siah. Siáž, Sióhá, Sãyáž, Siyáhá, Seeah, Seeaha, incor- rectly Sehá, Sã, Siſºd—An account-book, an inventory, a list; it is especially applied in Hindustan to the daily ledger or account book of the receipts and disbursements of a village or estate, specifying all sums received, whether regular or miscellaneous, and all items of disbursement, whether customary or incidental; it begins with the day on which the Punya is performed, and closes with the current year. The village account is kept by the village patwāri, but a similar account may be kept in the office of the Collector.— Wilson. An account-book.-Oudh. Cash day-book.-Punjab. Siaha—See Siah. Siáh-bahá—The ledger or day-book in which daily receipts and disbursements are entered; it is sometimes applied to a journal or diary in which the orders of a court of justice are recorded.—Wilson. A day-book in which daily receipts and dis- bursements are entered.—Oudh. Siáha Navás—Cash accountant.—Punjab. An indexer.—Bengal. Siðandi, Sibbandi, corruptly Sebundee, Sebundy, Sióðendy, also Sarôandi—Irregular soldiery; a sort of militia or imperfectly disciplined troops maintained for the garrisons of forts and guards in towns and villages, and for revenue and police duties; charges in the revenue accounts for the expense of such troops.-Wilson— Bombay. Sióðandi—See Siðandi. Sibbendy—See Sibandi. Słdde—A weight equal to 96 tolas, in use in Canara.—Bombay. Siddhi-A preparation of hemp. —Bengal. The hemp-plant (Cannabis sativa). The name is also especially applied to the larger leaves and capsules, without the stalk, which are used for smoking, and in the preparation of an intoxi- cating drink and confection.—Wilson. Sidhá—An illegal cess in the shape of food levied by the landlord from the cultivators.-Bengal. Siha—See Siah. # Sihadda—Point where the boundaries of three villages meet.—N. W. P. Junction of three boundaries.—Oudh. Silahdār, vernacularly Siledár, corruptly Silladár— A soldier wearing armour. A horse-soldier who provides his own horse and arms. The term is applied also to the Marathas in general, who profess arms as their employ- ment although engaged in other avocations, and affect to be of a higher order than the mere kunbi or cultivator.—Wilson–Bombay. Silakāvan, Silakówanſ—Harrassing a cultivator and exacting money from him by a Govern- ment messenger sent to dun him for his revenue; a fine imposed upon subordinate officers for allowing work to fall into arrear. —Wilson—Bombay. Siſakawani—See Silakawan. Siledar—See Silahdar. Sil/adar—See Silahdar. Silottarapátē!—A person appointed to take charge of the gaps in embankments and keep them stopped; a name given to stones used for that purpose.—Wilson—Bombay. Simádo—Boundary of a field.—Bombay. Sindé or Shindă–A particular tribe, or indivi- dual of it, originally sprung from female slaves, Wilson—Bombay. Z2 ( 10 ) Sing—A horn.-Wilson. Singa—Second class rice lands, inferior to Garha and superior to Bád.—Bengal. Singhóra-A nut (Trapa bispinosa).-C. P. Water chesnut (Trapa bispinosa).—Oudh. Sin?—Hemp (Crotalaria juncea),—Sindh. Sipáhé, corruptly Sepoy—A soldier.—Wilson— Bombay. Sipáž–A tripod; a trench.—Wilson—Bombay. Sipurd-nāma.-A deed of trust, a deed of assign- ment, generally for an indefinite term.— TWh/son. - A deed of trust.—Oudh. Seer—A name applied to the lands in a village which are cultivated by the hereditary proprietors or village zamindars themselves, as their own especial share, either by their own laborers and at their own cost, or by tenants-at-will, not being let in lease or farm; these lands were sometimes allowed to be held at a favourable assessment, or were un- assessed so as to provide Námkár, or subsis- tence for the proprietor; the term is also Sometimes applied to lands cultivated on account of the state, or to those in which the revenue is paid by the cultivators without any intermediate agent.—Wilson. Direct; applied to estates in which all collec- tions are made direct from the cultivators by the proprietor-Bengal. - Land cultivated by the proprietor himself as his own; home farm.—Oudh and N. W. P. Main channel of the river in the deep stream. —Sindh. - Sár—A weight of a little more than two pounds avoirdupois.-N. W. P. Sirastedar—See Sarrishtadar. Sircar—See Sarkar. Sirdar—See Sardar. Sirdehi-Description of grant for money pay- ments from village revenues.—H. A. D. Sirdeshmukh—See Sardesmukh. Sir-dihdari—Land granted by proprietors at favourable rates.—Oudh. Sirhad—See Sarhad. Siristedar—See Sarrishtadar. Sirkar.—The Government.—Bombay. See Sarkar. Sirkar?—See Sarkar?. Sørharkoon—Chief customs officer in charge of a taluka.-Bombay. Sirkuł—See Sarkhat. Sirman—A peon who watches crops of Bhowlee land at the time of distribution of the same, IBenga!. Sir-mandlot-The chief mand/oi...—C. P. Sirpaw.—A gift, a present ; anything given as a favour by way of remuneration, as Moog- laee Sirpaw, present made for collecting Mooglaee; Girass Sirpav, present made for collecting girass.-Robertson—Bombay. Sist—See Sistu. Sistu, Shistu, Sist, Shist—Land-tax, assessment, especially revenue assessed in money; in Kar- nata it designates the standard assessment without additions, which was fixed originally by the Bidnur Government, or that which, under the Harihar administration, applied to revenue in kind as well as money; but the word always denoted the fixed or standard rate on the land, exclusive of other imposts. —Wilson—Bombay. The land-tax, money assessment.-Madras. Sátápha!—The custard apple.—C. P. Sir, Siwáž, corruptly Sewaee-Besides, except, over and above; any addition to the standard or custom- ary revenue, whether as an increase of the amount or in the shape of a new or additional cess or impost; profits from land other than those of cultivation, as the rent of fisheries, forest produce, and the like, some of which are included in fixing the assessment; dues claimed by the proprietors of a village from non-proprietary residents for houses, shops, and temples, in some cases recognised and recorded officially.—Wilson. Cesses engaged for apart from land revenue; manorial right.—N. W. P. Extra cesses.—Punjab. Extra or miscellaneous.-C. P. Siwái-jama, Siwáy-jama—Extra revenue, extra or miscellaneous collections; in the South the term denotes the revenue derived from all taxes except those raised from land, and exclusive of customs and transit dues, comprising, under the native Governments, a vast number of petty and vexatious imposts. In Mysore it also applied to escheats; the effects of a person dying without heirs, which descended to the Government.—Wilson. - Extra demands, miscellaneous revenue.— Madras. - Siway-jama—See Siwai-jama. Siyah—See Siah. Sīyāha—Cash day-book.—N. W. P. Daily ledger, account-book.-C. P. A native ledger.—Bengal. See Siah. Siyāha Navás—Cash accountant.—N. W. P. Accountant.—C. P. Soastee—See Susti. Sodho.—A tribe of Rajputs in Thar and Parkar. —Sindh. | Soem—The third or lowest quality of assessed soil. (See Aval.—Bombay.) Soſeda—Inferior kind of rice.—Punjab. Sokala—A description of country vessel.—Bombay. Sokhá—A conjuror, a wizard.—Wilson, A necromancer.— Bengal. Sonár—Goldsmith (Balutedar).-H. A. D., Bom- bay, and Mysore. - A village weigher in danaband; estimates.— Benga!. A goldsmith, a jeweller, a worker in the pre- cious metals and in jewellery; applied also as a name of the caste which is said to have sprung from a Brahman father and Súdra mother, being in that case the Parasava of Manu; among the Marathas there are various sub-divisions of the Sonár caste, some of whom disclaim this origin, and pretend to be Upa-Brahmanas, minor-Brahmans; they wear the Brahmanical cord, and claim a right to have the Vedas performed in their families by their own priests; they are known as Ramóri, Panchála, and Kokanasth Sonárs ; another tribe is designated Rathakár Sonárs ; other classes are of inferior pretensions, and are termed Nick, or low Sonars ; they eat animal food.—Wilson. Sonſ—Anise seed.—C. P. Sonthal—A class of aborigines.—Bengal. Soobah—See Subah. - - Sood—The totals of different collections,— Bon- 6ay. - Soodbund—The cash amount.—Bombay. Sooguy—See Sugg?. Soojee—See Suji. ( 107 ) Soojeemalee—See Sajji. Sookhdee—A fee; a perquisite. A small collateral remuneration.—Robertson—Bombay. Sooltan?—Emanating from the ruling power. It is used in deeds, along with Asmani (emanat- ing from Heaven or nature), in providing against unforeseen events.-Robertson.— Bombay. - Soonthia-girás—Native women use a great deal of dry ginger at confinements. female once happened to be confined at a village, the village people did her service, and supplied her with dry ginger; after that the Giráshiyás exacted a levy under the name of “Soontſºa-girás.”—Bombay. n Soostee—See Sust. Sootádár—A cultivator holding land under Govern- ment.—Bombay. Sosti—A revenue term to designate rent on land long under cultivation.—H. A. D. Sota—A small branch of a large navigable river.— Bengal. - Soucar—See Sahu. Soumput—Inferior kind of rice.—Punjab. Sowdoo—See Chawdu. - Sowkar—See Sahu. Sowusthan–See Sansthana. Soyam—The third or lowest.—Robertson—Bom- ôay. sº vernacularly Srádh, Shrádh, Shraddha— An obsequial ceremony in which food and water are offered to the deceased ancestors of the sacrificer, or to the Pitris or manes col- lectively. These ceremonies are observed on occasions of rejoicing as well as of mourning, and hence various &raddhas are enumerated. —Wilson. A ceremony in which food and water are offered to the deceased ancestors of the sacri- ficer.—Bengal. Sradh—See Sraddha. Sraya—Depreciated land; land let at a rate below its original value, to which it is expected gradually to rise again.—Wilson. Srimati—A title of respect prefixed to the name of Hindú ladies.—Bengal. Srotriyagrama—See Srotriyam. Srotriyah, Shrotriem, corruptly Shotrium, also Srotriyagráma—Lands, or a village, held at a favourable rate, properly an assignment of land or revenue to a Brahman learned in the Vedas; but latterly applied generally to similar assignments to native servants of the Government, civil or military, and both Hindús and Muhammadans, as a reward for past services. A Srotriyam grant gives no right over the lands, and the grantee cannot interfere with the occupants as long as they pay the established rents.—Wilson—Bombay. A village held on easy rent for so many lives or in perpetuity, as a reward for public service,—Madras. * Suba—A province comprising several Zillahs.- Bengal. Súbah, Soobah, Suðhá—A province, a government; one of the larger sub-divisions of the Mogul dominions, such as Oudh, Bengal, Behar, &c.; among the Marathas it is sometimes applied to a smaller division comprising from five to eight taraſs.--Wilson–Bombay. Súðahdār, Subhedar—The governor of a province ; a viceroy under the Mogul government; a native officer in the Company’s army holding A Giráshiyá | a rank equivalent to that of Captain under the European officers.-Wilson—Bombay. Súbédér—A native collector in charge of a taluk.-Mysore. Subha—See Suðah. Subhedar—See Subahdar. Subhedara—The chief officer of a taluk, subor- dinate to the superintendent of the province; a Suðedar is charged with the management of all matters connected with revenue in his taluk, is also a sub-magistrate, and has jurisdiction in civil suits, in some cases in- volving the value of Rs. 300,—Coorg. Sudder—See Sadr. - Sudder ameen—See Sadr amin, also Sadar amin. Suddur—See Sadr. Sudi—The bright half of a lunar month, from new to full moon.—Wilson. Fortnight of the growing moon.—Bengal. Sudr—See Sadr. Sudur—See Sadr. - Sufedposſ, choudhri-Rüral notables.—Punjab. Suggar—A hackery.—Bengal. Suggi, corruptly Sooguy—Spring harvest, the second crop of rice.—Wilson—Bombay. Harvest time.—Coorg. Suja—The group of villages in charge of one Tulati. The whole Salt work under one officer.— Robertson—Bombay. Sujadanishin—Head of a family of Piºjadas, a Muhammadan priest.—H. A. D. Sújº, Soojee—The flour ground from the heart of the wheat; the Simola of the Italians.— Wilson, A species of flour.—Bengal. Sukáliga, Sukáligaru–A tribe resembling Gypsies; carriers,who wanderabout and earn a livelihood, as sometimes called Brinjaries.—Coorg. A class of Hindús, in Karnāta leading a vagrant life, trading in wood, bamboos, grain, and salt, and acting as the chief inland carriers; they have a peculiar dialect, and are considered in many respects analogous to Gypsies ; in other places the Sukáli is an itinerant dealer in grain, and is considered, perhaps incorrectly, the same as the Banjára. — Wilson. Sułaligaru–See Sukaliga. Sukani—The steersman of a vessel.—Bengal. Sükdee—A fee, a perquisite; a kind of sweetmeat ; a small remuneration derived from villages by Dessdes, Mazmundars, and Pate/s. See Amin Sukhdi.—Bombay. - Sulami—Anything given by way of Sulam or saluta- tion. A quit-rent levied by the State on alienated lands.-Robertson—Bombay. Sulamia—Lands paying Sulam? to Government.— Bombay. Sulat-A mason.— Bombay. - Sulgidór—A tenant to whose charge full-grown trees are made over, and who receives a third of the produce for his labour.—Bombay. Sułok—A remission of ordinary grain, rates of rent.—Punjab. Sumbut—See Samvatsara. Sumvut—See Samvatsara. Suſz–See San, also Sana. Sumka—Toll, octroi...—Coorg. Sunkhla—An ear of wheat. See “Dunda.”—Bombay. Sunn–See Sana. Sunnud—See Sahad. Sunud—The document conveying or confirming a grant by the State.-Bombay. See Sanad, ( 108 ) Supéré, Supiórá—Betelnut, the fruit of the Areca catechu.—Wilson. Areca nut.— Mysore. Supiari—See Supari. Sur—See Sar. Suróérakar—See Sarôarah%ar. Surðurakar—See Sarôarahkar. Surguja—A sort of oil-seed.— Bengaſ. Surgujia—A kind of crop.–Bengal. Surhud—See Sarhad. Surinjam—See Saranjam. Surishtu-See Sarrisſºta. Suréal–A coarse and reedy grass. It is used to make coarse chics, the sides and roofs of Small temporary huts. The Bheels make very good arrows from this reed.—Bombay. . Surkhi–Brickdust.— Bengal. Surkhut—See Sarkhat. Surpunch—The chairman of a committee or court of arbitrators or jurors; foreman,—Bombay. Surrud-See Sarhad. Surtirupéyi—A Surat rupee (silver).—Coorg, Surunjam—See Saranjam. Sust, Soostee, Swastá, Swasthå, Soastee—A tenure by which land is held of a proprietor by a tenant paying the full Government assess- ment.—Wilson—Bombay. Sút—Revenue remission.—H. A. D. Remission, abatement (of a debt or just claim), also the amount remitted; release from bondage or slavery.—Wilson. Sułór—A carpenter (Balutedar).-H. A. D. A carpenter, the village carpenter and wheel- wright.— Wilson—Bombay. Sułmi—A manifest.—Robertson—Bombay. Suvadeeoo-See Savādīyūn—Bombay. Suvusthan–See Sansthana. Suwar—A horse-sepoy or peon.— Bombay. See Sawar. Suzó—A subordinate salt work, a small range or group of salt works. This word has been in- troduced from the Konkan. In Gujerat, however, “Suja” signifies the whole salt work under one officer; “Sajá” also means the charge under one Talatee, when he has more than one village under him.—Bombay. Suzādár, Suzédér—The head carcoon at subordi- nate salt works. This word has only lately been introduced into Gujerat from the Kon- kan. Subordinate officer in charge of a group of salt works, and responsible for the issue of salt.—Bombay. Suzawa!—See Sazawa!. Suzedar—See Suzadar. Swāmā-āhógam—The landlord’s rent. In Mirási villages, what is payable to the Mirásidār by the cultivator over and above the Govern- ment demand.—Madras. The proprietor’s or landlord’s right. In the Tamil country it means the share of the produce or the rent which is paid to the Mirásidár or hereditary proprietor by the ten- ant cultivator holding the land in farm for a fixed period. In Malabar and Karnata it is the fee or acknowledgment paid by the mortgagee or tenant, often no more than a peppercorn rent, to the Janmkar or birthright proprietor; it also signifies any grant or con- tribution for an idol.— Wilson. Swasthi-See Susù. Swasti—See Sust?. Syer—Extra receipts other than land revenue.— Bombay. - T Ta—A fathom.—British Burmah. Taal/uk, Taal/ukah, or Taal/ukat, Tá'uká, Com- monly Túluk, Talook, corruptly Tualloog, Tual/009a–Connexion, dependence, possession, property; a dependency, a district, a division of a province, an estate; applied to a tract of proprietary land usually smaller than a Zamin- dari, although sometimes including several villages, and not unfrequently confounded with a Zamindari, held in Bengal at least at a fixed amount of revenue, hereditary and trans- ferable as long as the revenue is paid.— Wilson—Bombay. Taallukah—See Taal/uk. Taal/ukat—See Taa//uk. Taallukdārſ, Tālukdārā, corruptly Taloo/darry, Taal/uqadará.-The tenure, office, or estate of a Tālukdār.—Wilson. Profession of a Taal- luqadar.—Bengal. - Taal/uqadari—See Taallukdari. Taal/uqah—Manor, estate.—Bengal. Taccávi–Advance of money made by Government to poor cultivators to assist them in carrying on their cultivation.— Bombay. Advance made to Zamindar or ryot for the improvement of their estates.—Bengal. Tacksal—See Tankasala. Tadad—See Taidad. Tadagani—Pulse (Dolichos cationſ.)—Coorg and Mysore. Tadi-See Tari. Taela—Cleared or unclaimed land (used in Orissa). —Bengal. Tafriq roſ—Separation of rent in the Government register.—Bengal. Tag—A plant from which a kind of hemp is obtained ; Sunn plant, or Croſſalaria junced ; also the hemp obtained from it.—Bombay. Zagada—See Takaza. Tagade—See Takaza. Tagadi—See Takaza. Tagai—See Takavi, Tagahey—See Takavi. Tagaval—See Takaza. Tagayi–See Takavi. Tagidgår—A servant employed by money-lenders in securing payments from their debtors, or by indigo-planters in looking after the culti- vation.—Bengal. - Takáðandi—A written agreement made amicably. — Coorg. Tahánámá—An agreement.—Coorg. Tahás?/mát—Money drawn in advance for certain purposes and accounted for afterwards.- Bombay. Tahrö–Abstract of fields grouped according to property.—Punjab. Tahrâr, corruptly Tukereer, Tereer—Writing, writing correctly, a written statement, a fee for writing the manumission of a slave.—Wilson. Fee for writing.—H. A. D. Illegal cess paid by the cultivators to zamin- dar’s clerk, or writer, or accountant. —Bengal. Tahsil, Tuhsee/, less correctly Tehsil, Tehseel, Tehe- Sáſ—Collection, especially of the public revenue derived from the land, the revenue collected; in the Dakhin, a statement prepared and kept by the village accountant of the persons from whom the revenue is receivable, and the amount due by each.-Wilson—Bombay. Collection, especially of the public revenue ( 109 ) derived from the land; the revenue collected; the area under one sub-collector or tahsildar. —W. W. P. - A revenue sub-division of a district.—C. P. Collection,-Bengal. The head-quarters of a revenue sub-division. —Punjab. * - Collection of public revenue; a tahsildár's jurisdiction.— Oudh. - Tahsâldár—Designation of the official presiding over the division of a district called talook. —H. A. D. - - A native collector of revenue, a native officer collecting the revenue from a given tract under a zamindar, or the European Collector; in the Madras territories, he acts also as an officer of police.—Wilson—Bombay. A native officer employed for the collection of revenue.—Oudh. A subordinate collector of revenue; title of the chief revenue officer in the district under the Collector.—W. W. P. A sub-collector, an officer in charge of a tahsil,—C. P. r - A native officer collecting the revenue from a given tract under a zamindar or the Euro- pean Collector; a collector of rents.--Bengal. Tahsâldárá—The jurisdiction of a subordinate Col- lector, the area of which he collects the revenue, usually consisting of one or more parganas.-N. W. P. Office of tahsildár.—Oudh. The office, duty, or jurisdiction of a native collector; the district of which he collects the revenue, usually consisting of one or more parganas, and yielding revenue to the extent of two or three lakhs of rupees. A tax levied under the Moghul Government to pay the allowances of the tahs//dars.- . Wilson. Tahsilſ—Building in which the business of a tahsil is conducted.—C. P. Ta-hsoung—An open edifice with a graduated or many-storied roof connected generally with places of religious buildings.-British Burma. Tahvāldár—Cashier.—Punjab. Treasurer.—C. P. - Tahsil treasurer.—Oudh. A cashier, a treasurer; in Sindh a collector of revenue.—Wilson. - Tahwäldár—Cashier.—N. W. P. Tai—A temporary shed.— British Burma. Tážd—Aid, assistance ; corroboration; an extract from a public register or other document of authority in confirmation of a claim.—Wilson. Apprentice or assistant.—Bengal. Taidód, Tadód.—Number, numbering, computa- tion, estimate; a list, a specification or enumeration; registry of an estate in the collector’s office; annual calculation or re- quisition of the produce of an estate.— Wº/son. *ś - A list or enumeration; annual calculation or specification of the produce of an estate.— Bengal. Tajvádár, Tajwijdár—Hereditary officers similar to Dessaes, Ameens, Paffels, &c.; they are em- ployed in the districts in examining the cultivation returns, the ryot's receipt book, selling fruit and dead trees, making estimates, &c. These men will now, under the Watan Summary Department, be employed as ordi- nary revenue karkuns.—Bombay. Tajwijdar—See Tajvájdar. Tak—Weighing scales.—H. A. D. See Taka. Taká, Ták—A land measure, varying in different places; it is sometimes considered equal to a chówar = 24 rukas, or 120 square bºghās; according to a different statement it is a seventy-second part of a chówar, and to another it is any division of a chówar into equal parts, as a half, a fourth, a twentieth, &c.; others make it 4 bºghās, others again 48 béghâs. In Kumaon it is half a bisi.—Wilson. A large tract of land.—Sindh. Takavi, Tagái, Tagayſ, corruptly Tuckavy, Tuceavy Tuckay, Tuckair, Tagahey—Advances of money made by the Government to the cul- tivators at the time of sowing, especially in the south of India, where the ryotwari settlement prevails, to be repaid when the crop is gathered; similar advances are made in bad seasons, and the like, or sometimes made to the cultivators to enable them to extend their cultivation.—Wilson—Bombay. Recoverable advances of money to ryots to enable them to cultivate.—Mysore. Advances of money made by the Government to landholders and tenants for improvement of their land. Money advanced to the cultivator at the time of sowing.—Bengal. Loans or advances to agriculturists by land- lords or Government.—Oudh. Repayable advances made to cultivators to help them.—H. A. D. Advances for agricultural purposes or im- provements.— C. P. - Advances formerly made to assist ryots to cultivate.—Coorg. - Agricultural advances.—N. W. P. and Pun- jað. Takázá, Tagádá, Tagádé, Tagáde, Tagavu—Impor- tunity in urging the settlement of a claim or payment of a debt, dunning; in the south of India, formerly, enforcing payment by various modes of annoyance, as by stationing persons at the house of a debtor from morning to night at his expense for their daily hire; obstructing the conveyance of water into the debtor's dwelling, or cooking in it; the creditor sometimes took his station himself at his debtor's door, threatening to do him- self personal injury; also suing a creditor in a court of law, whence it comes to signify any suit at law, or the prosecution of any claim by legal means.—Wilson. Takóast—See Thaköust. Takhta, Taktó–A plank, a platform, also a tabular statement, the heading of such a statement.—Wilson.—Bombay. Allotted section on Batwara map or plot.— Benga!. - Takºd—The residence of a professional mendicant. —Punjab. g A pillow ; the stand or seat of a Fażār; the spot where he usually abides, whether it be open or enclosed.—Wilson. Tákód—Reminder; an injunction; an order from a superior to an inferior officer enjoining strictly the execution of an order.—W. W. P. Injunction, warning, direction, an order from a superior.—Wilson.—Bombay. An order-Madras and Mysore. A reminder.—Oudh. T - A communication calling attention to an unanswered letter.—Bengal. z 3 ( 110 ) Thkka–A headman. There are three descriptions of Takkas, Uru Takka, or headman of the village, Nádu Takka, or headman of the nad or sub-district; Déva Takka, or manager of the temple. The office of Takła is heredi- tary in certain Coorg families. He is the head of the punchayet, who settle disputes about matters connected with caste. He inflicts fines for misdemeanour, and can pass sentence of expulsion from caste.—Coorg. Takorſ—Tribute, lump assessment on large Zamin- daries.—C. P. Táksá/—A mint.—C. P. See Tankasala. Taks/m, Tukseem, corruptly Tuckseem—Division, dividing, partition, sharing, distribution of the assessment of the revenue upon the several sub-divisions of an estate or district. Con- tributions raised amongst the inhabitants of a village to defray the village expenses.—Wilson —Bombay. Dividing the share of a part-owner in a survey field.—Sindh. - Taksámdār—A sharer, the holder of a share, either of land perquisites or privileges; one who receives a portion at a division of property.— Wilson—Bombay. Takła—See Takhta. Tákunkár—A mason.—H. A. D. Ta!—Low grounds; in Maratha, also the site of an encampment, a camp. —Wilson—Bombay. Lowland submerged during the rains.—Bengal. Töláà–A pond, a reservoir of water.—C. P. Talabóna—Sheriff’s fees.—Punjab and N. W. P. Process fees.—Oud/. - T)aily pay or fees to a subordinate officer of the Court charged with serving process, issu- ing summonses or writs, payable by the parties on whom they are served.—Wilson. Talaband—See Taleãand. Tálabdeh–The village peon.—C. P. Talao—See Talaw. Talári, corruptly Tallary, Tullary, Talaryári, Talliar, Tolli, Tolliar—The village watch- man, one of the subordinate officers of a vil- lage.—Wilson. - The village watchman.—Madras. Village watchman and scout, whose duty is to give information to officers, &c., to guide travellers, &c., his only remuneration being the grant of a small extent of rent-free land. In some villages where there is no Talári the duties are performed by the Toti, his deputy.—Mysore. Talaryari—See Talari. Talathi—See Talaţi. Talátī, Taláthi—Collection of revenue from the cultivators; the officer collecting it.—Wilson. The village accountant. An officer appointed and paid by Government, whose duty it is to keep the village accounts, to superintend the internal economy of the village collections, and conduct the minor details of the revenue duties; he has no hereditary rights. Before any person can be appointed a Ta/ăţi, he must pass an examination before the Collector or Assistant Collector. These examinations are held periodically every two years, and be- fore any person can be appointed a Carkoon on a district or Huzúr establishment he must have served as Talátá. tween a Kulkarni and a Talati is that the former is a Wuttundar, while the latter is not.—Bombay. The difference be- Talav—A tank. This word is, at the salt works, applied to the large reservoir, which is filled with salt water at high tides. It is afterwards drawn off from this into the smaller reservoirs called “ Tapamanee,”— Bombay. Talavár—Village watchman and scout, whose duty is to give information to officers, &c., to guide travellers, &c., his only remuneration being the grant of a small extent of rent-free land. In some villages where there is no Talavár, the duties are performed by the Toti, his deputy.—Mysore. Talavára—A village watchman paid for his ser- vices by a grant of land at a quit-rent.— Wilson—Bombay. A village watchman or servant similar to a Kulvadi.-Coorg. Talav-dharam—A fee levied for the purpose of constructing and repairing the tanks from each vessel that anchors in certain ports in the Gulf of Cambay. This fee is paid at the ports of Taukaria and Gogo. It is only vessels taking water from the tanks that are bound to pay; the fee at both Gogo and Taukaria amounts to 4 annas, and is levied by the municipality at Gogo, and by the customs authorities at Taukaria. The fee originated in there being a scarcity of sweet water for the supply of the shipping. The merchants agreed that if Government would dig a tank, a fee of 4 annas for each vessel taking water should be paid to keep up and repair the tank-Bombay. Taláw or Taláo—Tank.-N. W. P. Talbáná–A, demand by Government upon one from whom money is due.—Bombay. Peon’s fee.—Bengal. Process money.—C. P. A fee to peons for serving process, &c.— Oudh. Tálećand, commonly Talaband, corruptly Tu//a- bund, Talibund—A treasury account shewing the correspondence between the balance in hand and that which should be left on a comparison of receipts and disbursements; an abstract of the ledger or general account- book; as a financial account, the monthly Täleband, forwarded by the district revenue officers to the Government, exhibits the re- ceipts and disbursements of the preceding month, and the balance at its close; the similar account furnished at the end of the year contains a complete detail of the actual receipts and disbursements of the year, as well as of the outstanding balances at its beginning and at its close.—Wilson. The village and taluka general abstract of revenue.—Bombay. Talekatte–An anicut or dam for keeping back water.—Coorg. Ta/?—A tract of ground between two hills.-Sindh. Taliáund—See Tá/ečand. Tallary—See Talari. Ta!/?ar—See Ta/ar. Taloku–See Taſuku, Talook—See Taa//uk. Talookdarry—See Taallukdari. Talpad—The Government share in certain villages, as opposed to the wanto, or alienated portion. Portions of the Talpad land have at times been alienated and are now held under dif. ferent denominations.—Bombay, ( 111 ) Talpad-cháAriyá—Alienated Talpad service lands. —Bombay. Talpad-ghareniyá—Talpad lands alienated by mort- gage.—Bombay. Talpad-makrá—Alienated rent-free Talpad lands. —Bombay. e Talpad-pasaetº-Talpad lands alienated by gift.— Bombay. Talpad-vechaniyú–Talpad lands alienated by Sale. — Bombay. Talpat—Land paying full rent or assessment, or a half or other proportion of produce to the Government, as distinguished from lands held as private property, or at a quit-rent, or rent-free.—Wilson. Westing in Government, a term used to ex- press Government land as opposed to wanta lands.—Bombay. Taluk—See Taalluk also Taſuka. Tālukáor Tá'uk—A division of a district.—H. A. D. A division of a district under the manage- ment of a Tahsildár or Amildár.—Mysore. An estate or an extensive permanent under- tenure. The title applied to many different classes of estates and subordinate tenures of land.—Benga!. - A district or division of a province.—C. P. Tract of land.—Punjab. The estate of a Talukdar—N. W. P. and Oudh. Connection. The sub-division of a Collectorate under a Mamlatdar. An estate.—Robertson. A division of a district.—Bombay. See Taa//uk. - Tāluko–A district, a dependency, a sub-division of a province or of a zillah ; a pargana; jurisdiction; authority; an estate, applied to a tract of proprietary land, usually smaller than that belonging to a Thakor, although sometimes including several villages.—Bom!- ðay. sºldivision of a division of a district.— Sindh. Tálukadār, Tālukdār—Owner of a superior right in land; also large zamindár.—W. W. P. A landed proprietor in North Guzerat.— Robertson. A magistrate, and revenue officer (in the Nizam’s dominions). A landholder, the pro- prietor or holder of a taluka village. The talukdars shared the revenues with Govern- ment; at first they received 20 per cent. ; in 1821 this was increased to 30 per cent. ; and now they receive 50 per cent, or one- half share.—Bombay. Holder of superior right of property.—Pun- jað. - A superior landholder, a person who holds land under the “ sanad” of the British Government.—Oudh. A landholder. Holder of a Government estate, or of a tenure; proprietor of a taluk. —Bengal. The holder of a taluka, i.e., a district or division of a district.—C. P. Tá/ukawſºr—Taluka by taluka.-Bombay. Talukdar—See Talukadar. Tālukdārž—Of or belonging to a talukdar.— Bombay. See Taal/ukdari. Tá/ukdáree gém—Villages held on a perpetual and hereditary lease, the holders of which are en- titled to a certain percentage on the Govern- ment revenue, so long as they regularly dis- charge the payments and perform the services. required of them as to the internal manage- ment of their villages and the collections. But if the Government be dissatisfied with the Talukdar, it can attach the village, making all the collections through the agency of its own officers, and handing over to the Talukdar the portion which is his right. The Taluk- daree villages are situated chiefly in the Ahmedabad Collectorate, and are held by Rajputs, Kolees, and Mussalman Kusbatees. — Bombay. - Tāluku, Taloku–Taluk, sub-division of a district. —Coorg. . . Tamassuſ, corruptly Tummasook, Tumussook, Tum- sook Tomsook—A bond, a note of hand, a written acknowledgment or engagement.— Wł/son. A promissory note or bond.—Bengal. A bond, a deed.—C. P. Tamb?–Used in measuring ghee, equal to 1.4 lb avoirdupois.-Bengal. Tambo/6, Tâmboli, Tamol%–A caste, or member of it, whose occupation is selling betel leaves. —hºlson. Pan or betel seller.—C. P. Tämöra Shösana—Grant, or inscription on copper plate.—Mysore. Tamilaru–People from Madras and southern portion of the Indian Peninsula who speak the Tamil language.—Coorg. Tammād;—The officiating priest of a pagoda.— Mysore. Tamoli—See Tomàoli. &ndh—A police station.—H. A. D. Tanchun—A memorandum of account.—Bombay. Tánd—High and poor soil (Chota Nagpur).- Wilson. High lands.-Bengal. Tandel—See Tandelu. * Tandelu, Tándel, vulgarly Tindal—The head or commander of a body of men; in ordinary use, a petty native officer employed on board ship, or in the ordinance and tent depart- ments on shore; also in buildings and public works; the head of a gang of laborers.— Wilson—Bombay. Tandkar—A peon employed in collecting rent (used in Orissa).-Bengal. Tanká—Revenue assessed (an old Moghul term). —0. P. Tanká band?—Assessment.—C. P. * Tankasála, vernacularly, Taksál, corruptly Tachsal, Taknaşarlee, Tunkisal, Tanksa!!—A mint.— Wilson. - - Tankasále—A mint.—Coorg. Tankasarſee—See Tankasala. Tankidar—Holder of land at a quit-rent (Orissa). —Bengal. Tanksal/—See Tankasala. Tanna/-See Thana. Tanr—Up-land.— Bengal. Tapáſ—The post; the carriage and delivery of letters, &c.—Wilson—Bombay. Tapasnar—See Tapasnis. Tapásnäs, corruptly Tapposhuvees, Tupusneese, also Tapásnár—An officer under the Maratha Government whose duty it was to inquire into, and report upon, robberiesandother crimes committed in his district; he was also autho- rised to apprehend offenders, or to compel the village authorities to apprehend them, and, upon their failure, to impose upon the vil- lage a fine in proportion to the value of any ( 112 ) property stolen; a sort of inspector of police. —Wilson—Bombay. p Tapedár—Stipendiary accountant and collector of the revenues of a group of villages.— Sºndh. - - Tapo–Sub-division of a taluko containing one or more dehs.—Sindh. See Tappa. Tappā, Tappālu, Tappe, Tapo, Tappo—A stage, a halting place, a place where relays of letter- carriers or palanquin-bearers are posted, also the relay itself; also in Tel. and Karn. the post; more usually Tappal,—Wilson—Bombay. Tappa, Tuppa–A small tract or division of country, smaller than a pargana, but com- prising one or more villages; a division of country for the revenue of which only one engagement is entered into with the Govern- ment; a small estate. In some parts of the North-West provinces a Tappa denotes a tract in which there is one principal town, or a large village, with lands or villages depend- ent upon them; or a cluster of villages acknowledging the Supremacy of one amongst them, and forming a sort of cor- porate body, although not otherwise iden- tical.—Wilson. A tract or division of a country smaller than a pargana, but comprising one or more villages; a small estate.—Bengal. A group of villages.—C. P. - A sub-division of a pargana.—N. W. P. Tract of land.--Punjab. Tappa!—Post.—Coorg. Taſpalu—See Tappa. ź. by tappá.—Bengal. Tappe—Relay or set of bullocks or bearers posted for travellers.-Coorg. See Tappa. Tappo-See Tappa. Tapposnuvees—See Tapásnäs. Taqavee, Taqqavi–An advance of money made by Government to poor cultivators, for the pur- chase of seeds, bullocks, and agricultural implements, to be repaid with interest from the period of the harvest. - These advances are entered in the Taqāvee || book, and the cultivator has to give security. The party receiving the advance enters into an agreement to repay the money in certain fixed instalments. Government have now dropped the practice of giving Taqāvee ad- vances.—Bombay. - Taqavi–An advance for improvement of lands,- Bengal. Taqqavi–See Taqavee. Tara—Law.—British Burma. Taraf, Turuſ, Taraph, Tereſ, Turruſ, Turueff—Liter- ally side, part ; also a tract of country, a sub-division of a pargana, including several villages. In some places it merely designates the lands or estate belonging to an indivi- dual which is named after him, as Taraf Jaynáráyan Ghosá/.—Bengal. In Marathi it signifies also a portion of village lands,- Wilson—Bombay. - Part of divided village.—Punjab. Taráſá—A ferry-boat employed in crossing men and animals, carts, &c., over a river, &c.— Bombay. {\ Tarafddºr—An officer of Government in charge of a Taraf, collecting the revenue and exer- cising chief revenue and police authority in his district ; the holder of a Taraf, or portion of village lands; also generally, one who takes a side or part, an assistant, an ally, a partisan.—Wilson—Bombay. Zará%—Low moist land, such as lies along the banks of rivers or the foot of the Himalayas. — W. W. P. - Marsh, meadow, marshy ground; it is applied especially to the moist and jangli tract run- ming along the foot of the first range of the Himalayas for several hundred miles, varying in breadth from two to fifteen; low moist land lying along the banks of rivers.-Wilson. Tarakhan—Defendant.—British Burma. Tarál—A man of a low caste attached some- times to the village establishment, who acts as a porter, carrying burdens for Government or travellers as far as the nearest village; he officiates also as a sort of beadle. The term is derived from the office, as the duty is discharged and the fees are received for a given time by each of the village Mahárs in rotation.—Wilson—Bombay. Taralo—Plaintiff-British Burma. Taram, Taramu, corruptly Terrim—Sort, kind, class. It is especially applied in the south of India to designate the different classes of village lands, and the heads under which they are arranged in the village accounts. —Wilson—Bombay. . Sort, rate, classification.—Madras. Tarama—Civil, judicial,—British Burma. Tarama thoo!yee—Head judicial officer.—British Burma. . Taramu-See Taram. - Taraoband–In Berar, a document specifying the terms of a settlement.—H. A. D. Taraph—See Taraf. Tárban, Tárbund—A plantation of palm trees. —Wilson. Tárðand—Forest of Palmyra palms.—H. A. D. Taröund—See Taróan. Tareeſ-See Tirij. Taree-jakát—Sea Customs.—Bombay. Taréje—See Thrift. -- Táré, Tódź, vulgarly Toddy–The juice or sap of the Palmyra tree and of the cocoanut, which is drawn off by incisions made in the bark, and the exudation received by small earthen vessels fastened over the wounds in the bark. When first drawn the juice is sweet, somewhat insipid and harmless, but when allowed to stand for a day or more it undergoes spontaneous fermentation and becomes a fiery and highly intoxicating spirit.—Wilson—Bombay. Juice of the Palmyra tree.—C. P. Juice of the tar or palm tree.—N. W. P. The juice of the palm tree; toddy.—Bengal. Tari–Wet, that is to say, irrigated land.—Coorg. Land under irrigation.—H. A. D. Moisture. Marathi, wet or rice-lands. Uriya, alluvial deposit.—Wilson. Ta’rif, Túriph, Tariphu—Determination, ascer- tainment, a table of rates of export and import duties, in which sense the word has been adopted in English and other European languages.—Wilson—Bombay. Tārij–Summary or abstract of accounts.-Sindh. See Thrift. Tariph—See Tarif. Tariphu—See Tarif. Tarkārž-Vegetables—Bengal. Tarop (pronounced Talop)—A Chinaman,—British Burma, - ( 113 ) Tasar, less correctly Tussur—An inferior sort of silk; the produce of a worm found wild in many parts of India (Bombya paphia). Wilson —Benga!. Tasdź—Verifying, attestation; a countermark attached to documents passing through the hands of Government officers or clerks, es- pecially on petitions to the Muhammadan Government for assignment of revenue; spe- cification of establishment and expenses; fixed amount or scale of expenditure for any special purpose.—Wilson–Bombay. Allowance to temples, chhuttrums, &c.— Mysore. Tasdiku–An allowance granted to a temple by Government.—Coorg. Tasū, Tasiºn—A measure of length, the 20th or 24th part of a gaz. It is known in the North-Western Provinces as the sub-division of a gira—Wilson—Bombay. - Two fingers’-breadth.-C. P. Tasun–See Tasu. Taff—See Tattá. tº Tattá, Tátá–A matted screen, a frame of wicker- work filled with the roots of the fragrant Andropogon grass, and placed before the open doors and windows of a house, where it is kept constantly sprinkled with water, by the evaporation of which the air that passes through into the interior of the house is kept much below the temperature of the external air; also, from its being inclosed with mats, a privy.—Wilson. A frame-work-Bengal. Tauftr—New or omitted land liable to assessment of revenue; savings.-N. W. P. Excess land.—Bengal. Savings.—C. P. Increase; applied in revenue language to an augmentation of the revenue, either from ex- tended cultivation or the lapse or resumption of alienated assignments; excess above an intended amount of assignment, which, when realised in a Jágir, was considered to be the right of the State, although rarely acknowledged or paid. Kasim Ali Khán, in order to cover the loss arising from con- cealment of surplus, assumed its realisation universally, and imposed an Abwäb, or cess upon assigned lands, in its stead, which was thence also called Tauftr. The term is applied also to the surplus on a Jágir or an assign- ment of rent-free land which is discovered on either being resumed.—Wilson. Taufºr mauza—A village not originally included in the assessment; a village in excess—Wilson. A hamlet.—C. P. Tauſūr-2amſn—Lands in addition to, or excess of, an original grant or measurement.—Wilson —Bengal. Taujih (vulgarly Towzee, Toujee, Towjee)--A revenue account shewing, under the name of each payer of revenue, the total amount as it falls due by monthly instalments, the portion actually paid, and the balance outstanding.— Bengal. Tauzih—Return shewing demand and collection of revenue.—N. W. P. Collection of the first Bengal. Revenue account.—C. P. An account shewing, under the name of each payer of rent or revenue, the total amount kist of the year.— as it falls due, the portion actually paid, and the balance outstanding.—Oudh. Taw-myay—Jungle land.—British Burma. Tazałk-daw-60—A signet, seal, stamp fees.— Pritish Burma. Tazeit—A seal or stamp. —British Burma. Tazelt-daw-tsekhoo-Stamppaper.—British Burma. Tázia—A representation or model of the tomb of Hasan and Husain carried in procession at the Muharram by Muhammadans.—N. W. P. Teeckadar–See Thikadar. Teel—See Til. - Teelat—The eldest son or heir of a talúkdár o chieftain.—Bombay. Teerva—See Tºrval. Teerwa—See Tºrvai. Teerwah–See Tºrvai. - - Tehadda—Synonymous with “Sehadda.”—Oudh. Tehesiſ—See Tahsil. Tehsee!—See Tahsil. Tehsé!—Used firstly to denote revenue receipts; secondly, the office where revenue is paid.— H. A. D. The revenue collections.—Bombay—See Tahsil. Tehsłldár—A revenue collector.—Punjab and Bom- bay. - A collector of rent.— Bengal. Teldán–A rate on oil mills.—C. P. Ze/han dama—Sorts of oil seed.—Bengal. Telč, Telſo—An oilman; one whose caste and occupation is expressing oil by mills from different sorts of seeds, and selling it: considered as a low and impure caste.—Wilson—Bombay. Oil-maker (caste).—C. P. An oilman.—H. A. D. Telio—See Teli. Tendal——Subordinate officer of a vessel.—Bombay. Teng—The larger Burmese basket measure, a bushel.—British Burma. Tenthenadar—An under-farmer.—Bengal. Teppa–A raft.—Coorg. A float or raft of timber on which the natives go out to fish at sea; also the float attending the embarkment boats at Madras, commonly called kattamaran.—Wilson. Tereer—See Tahrir. Tereſ-See Taraf. Teridge—See Thrift. Terij–Abstract in which the fields of each tenant are grouped together.—W. W. P. Abstract of fields grouped according to pro- perty.—C. P. See Tirij. - Terij Asāmīvár—Abstract of the khatoni shewing total land held by each person in each thok or patti.-C. P. Teriju-See Tirij. Terrim—See Taram. Tesi-Linseed.— Bengal. Tevari—Division between the fields; a border or small bank of grass bounding a field, com- monly called bund.—Coorg. Teyrij—See Thrij. Thag, Thug, Thak—A cheat, a knave, an im- postor; latterly applied to a robber and assassin of a peculiar class, who, sallying forth in a gang of larger or smaller numbers, and in the character of wayfarers, either on busi- ness or pilgrimage, fall in with other travellers on the road, and having gained their confidence take a favorable opportunity of strangling them by throwing their turbans or handkerchiefs round their necks, and then plundering them and burying their bodies. It has also been z 4 ( 114 ) applied to child-stealing and robbery not amounting to dakaiti.-h/7/son—Bombay. Thak—See Thag. Thakar—Zamindar.—Benga!. Thakóast—The demarcation of the conjunction of three or more boundaries.—Oudh. Settlement of boundaries of Zamindar’s estates. —Sindh. Survey boundary of land made by natives, not by professional surveyors. Demarcation before the survey by Govern- ment. Revenue survey.— Bengal. Thakbust, Tákóast—Laying down a boundary, fixing the limits of estates by a native sur- veyor, preparatory to a professional survey by a European officer.—Wilson. Thakoor—See Thakur. Thákur, Thákoor—An idol, a deity; any indivi- dual entitled to reverence or respect, whence it is generally applied to persons of rank and authority in different parts of India, as a lord, a chief, a master, a spiritual guide, the Bhát or genealogist, the head of a tribe, the head of a village, and the like. In the west it is commonly given to the great feudal nobles of Rájputana.-Wilson. Petty native chief. A large landed proprietor in Guzerat.— Bombay. The third son of the Chief holding a per- gunnah or a number of villages for mainte- nance.—Bengal. - Title of a headman amongst Sodhas.-Sindh. Thákurdward—A Hindu temple.—Punjab. A temple, a building in which the village idols are kept.— Wilson. Thal—Grazing ground.—Punjač. Thali—A brass dish.-Benga/. Tha-manay—A probationer for the priesthood.— British Burma. Thammadee—Arbitrators, also assessors.—British Burma. Tháná, or Thánah, Tháne, corruptly Tannah— A station, a military post, a police station; under the native governments it was a mili- tary post or garrison, a place sometimes with a small fort where a petty officer with a small irregular force was posted to protect the country, preserve the peace, and to aid in making the collections; under the present system it properly applies to a police station; also a village or station assigned to invalid sipahis. The head station of a district.— Wilson. A police outpost.—Bombay, and C. P. A police station.—Bengal, M. W. P., Oudh, and Coorg. Thánadár, Thánedár—An officer in charge of a Tháná, formerly an officer under the Fauj- dár, employed, with a small irregular foree, in protecting the country and enforcing pay- ment of the revenue; a petty police officer subordinate to a dārogha.-Wilson—Bombay. An officer in charge of a théné.—N. W. P. Head police officer at a thano.—Sindh. Thanah—See Tháná. Thándar—Holder of service lands (used in Beer- bhoom).— Benga!. Thane—See Tháná. Thanedar—See Thánadár. Tháná-Stationary; resident ; a permanent culti- vator; a proprietor.—Wilson–Bengal. Thano—A police station.—Sindh. Than-ta-man-Ambassador.—British Burma, Tharáoband—A paper of instructions furnished to a native revenue officer on his going to take charge of a district; a document speci- fying the terms of a settlement or decree, or conveying instructions for their being carried into effect.—Wilson. Another name for Talebund.—Bombay. Thay-dan-tsa—A will.—British Burma. Thein–A building set apart for certain ceremo- nies connected with the Buddhist priesthood, such as ordination, &c.—British Burma. Thek—A fine kind of grass growing on salt wastes: the rootsaregroundandused as flour.—Bombay. Thekadár—A lessee.—C. P. and Oudh. Thé nát—A musket.—British Burma. Theng-ghan—A monk’s robe.-British Burma. Theſſ-thay—A witness.-British Burma. Thiſºa-A lease, a farm lease.—Bengal. Thiſłódár, corruptly Teeckadar, Tuckadar, Ticcadar —A farmer, a lease-holder, a middleman; one who receives the rents from the cultivators and pays a stipulated amount to the proprietor; one who farms a license for the sale of spirit- uous liquors, or the like.—Wilson. Farmer.—W. W. P. A contractor.—Sindh. A lessee.—Oudh. A farmer, a lease-holder, a middleman; one who receives the rents from the cultivators and pays a stipulated amount to the proprie- tor. A lessee.—Bengal. - Thok, incorrectly Thoke, Toke—A share, a portion, a secondary or inferior share of the lands of a coparcenary village. Authorities differ as to its relative value, and it probably varies in different places; according to some it is smaller than a pattá, which contains, it is said, a variable number of Thoks, and each Thok a varying number of Behris.- Wilson. A sub-division in a coparcenary estate, usually containing two or more pattis.—Oudh, Sub-division of village.—Punjab and N. W. P. A large sub-division of an estate.—C. P. Thoka—A pillar erected where three boundary lines meet.—C. P. A point where three or more boundary lines meet.—Wilson. Thoke—See Thoſ. Thoo-gyee—A headman; generally denotes the revenue official at the head of a circle.— British Burma. Thoo-gyee-tsa.-A Thooyyee’s commission on his collections.—British Burma. Thoo-khö— A thief.—British Burma. Thopaži-A flat wooden tool, 10 inches long, 64 broad, and 2% thick. It is used at the salt works like a bricklayer's trowel, in smoothing salt when piled up in heaps, with the view of compressing it, as also of giving the mass a conical shape.—Bombay. Thug—See Thag. Ticcadar—See Thikadar. Tºke—A field.—H. A. D. A revenue circle under a Thoogyee, a masonry house.—British Burma. Tºur—Arrowroot.—C. P. Tºl, corruptly Teeſ—The seed of the Sesamura, extensively used in the making of oil, and as an ingredient in offerings to idols: the term is also applied in Bengal to a small division of land measure, one-twelfth of a krant, or in account, to one-eightieth of a kawri,-Wilson. —Bombay, ( 115 ) Sesamum seed.—H. A. D. A crop of Sesame; a seed from which oil is made.—Benga!. - Good Sesamum, or Gingelli oil-seed-Mysore. Oil-seed.—C. P. * An oil-seed plant, Sesamum,_0ud/. Tinda/—See Tandelu. & - Tºp–A kind of letter of credit-Bengal. - A note of hand, a promissory note or bill, a bond, a cheque. Besides these meanings, which are common to all the dialects, it has special applications in some, as, in Marathi, taking a list of the number of houses, trees, cattle, &c., preparatory to a tax upon them ; Guzrathi, alist, an inventory, a catalogue, a roll or register; Tipu, Telugu, a grant or assignment of revenue to a capitalist who has advanced money to the Government.—Wilson. Tipan—A note, a memorandum : also a memo- randum paper.—Wilson–Bombay. Tºar or Tºmás—The officer who numbers, the houses, &c., of a village in order to tax them. — Wilson—Bombay. Tºpkhurda—A note-book-Bombay. Tipnis—See Tºpkar. º tº 9 Tipri–A measure of capacity containing 2 ibs- Sindh. Tir—Oil-seed (sesamum indicum).-Sindh. Tiraj—See Tirij. tº £ tº © ºr " Tºrjhati-Markwherethreeboundariesjoin;--Sindh. Tº or Tiraj, Tériju, Terú corruptly Tºj, Tuj, Toreje, Tarij, Tareej, Terädge, Teyrij–An abstract account completed from other de- tailed accounts; an item in a number of items to be added together; a paper or list of items to be added together; also a register of official documents in the Collector's office.—Wilson.— Bombay. Account of each ryot's land seriatim compiled on the khusra.-Bengal. Tiºj—See Thrift. * * * * * * Tiji—See “jama-wasilbaki.”—Bengal. Tirmi–Grazing tax levied by enumeration of cattle. —Punjab. - Tirva—See Tirpai. Tirwai, Tirwai, Tirva, corruptly Teerva, Teerwa, Teerwah–Tax, duty, custom, a cess or im- post, a money assessment of revenue on land, or on its produce; rate of assessment accord- ing to the quality of the land; money-rent ; also a decision, a sentence.—Wilson–Bombay. Money-rent, assessment or tax on land,- Madras. Tārvai-jástſ—An additional assessment on inferior land when made to produce crops, usually limited to land of superior quality, as garden crops, or those raised from wet or irrigated land.—Wilson. The additional teerwah levied on land assessed as “dry” when it has been irrigated by Government water.—Madras. Tirwai–See Tirvai. Tipár—A religious festival.—H. A. D. Todagrás or Toragrás—Cash composition levied by the Grasiyas from villages in lieu of other claims, or of plunder.—Wilson–Bombay. Toddy—See Tari. Togari—Dhall,—Coorg. Pigeon pea-Mysore. Pigeon pea (cytisus cajan),—Bombay. Toke—See Thok. Tolá—A weight equal to one rupee.--H. A. D.— Oudh. A rupee's weight=15th part of a pound avoirdupois.-Coorg. A certain weight especially of silver, contain- ing, under the old want of system, a varying number of masſas, but usually regarded as equivalent to the weight of the sicca rupee, or 179.666 grains, Troy.—Wilson. One-eightieth of a seer.—Bombay. One-fifth of a chittack, one sicca weight, one-sixtyfourth part of a seer.—Bengal. A weight containing 12 mashas, equal to 180 grains, Troy.—C. P. Tolá—The suburb of a town or village; the part of a town inhabited by persons of any parti- cular occupation, as Kasaitola, butcher’s town. —Wilson—Bombay. Tolat—One who weighs; a weigher; the karkum who weighs the salt at the salt works.— Bombay. Tolkhurda—A weigh-book.-Bombay. Tolli–See Talari. Tolliar—See Taſari. Tolo—A weight of one rupee, equals 180 grains Troy.—Bombay. - A rupee weight —Sindh. Tomtom—A country drum.—Bengaſ. Tomsooß—See Tamassº. Tope—A cluster of trees.—Bengal. Töpu—A grove of trees, properly of those that bear fruit, as mangoe, tamarind, cocoanut, &c.; commonly termed Tóp or Tope.—Wilson. Tor—A kind of pulse (cajanus indicus).-C. P. Toradawdār--In Canara, mortgagee without pos- session.— Bombay. Tora girass—Cash girass. They were originally levied by the girassias direct from the villages. They are now paid from the Government treasury.—Bombay. Toragras—See Todagras. Toral—A kind of pumpkin-Bengal. Tore/a—A class of bearers.—Coorg. Tori–Low moist lands in estates bordering on rivers.-Benga/. Tosha-Āftāna—A store-room, a wardrobe; chambers in which objects of curiosity or value, not in daily request, are kept ; less correctly Toshak- khána.—Wilson—Bombay. Totacul—See Tofftakal. Totahá'—Land cultivated with garden produce.— Madras. Totá–A term sometimes applied to a Kulavádà.— Coorg. A menial among the village servants, a deputy talari, who is employed to watch the crops from the growing crop to the granary. —Mysore. See Totti. Toticaſ—See Tofftaka/. Totiga—See Totò. Toto–Loss, deficit.—Sindh. Tołłakál, corruptly Totacul, Totical, Tołłykal, Tožy- cau/—Land appropriated to the cultivation of garden produce, as various kinds of fruit, betel, edible vegetables and other articles of value, and therefore subject to a higher rate of assessment.—Wilson. Tötti, Tóth, Tótiga—A village servant, a man of low caste who waits upon the villagers generally, discharges the offices of police, is set to watch the crops, and assists in measur- ing them, &c.; he appears, however, to be differ- ent from the menial domestic servant who bears the same name, or doff, and does the dirtiest work of the house.— hºlson—Bombay. ( 116 ) A village scrub servant, always a Pariah ; sometimes styled, always in Ganjam and Vizagapatam, the Báriki or Barky,_Madras. Totty ka!—See Tottakal. Totycaul—See Tottakal. Toufir—Land in excess of settlement.—Punjab. Toujee—See Taujih. Toung—A hill, cubit.—British Burma. Toung-gya—Literally “hill-garden.” The wasteful method of cultivation pursued in Burma and other adjacent countries by cutting down forest, burning it and planting in the ashes.— British Burma. Toung-min—Ruler of a hill; a term applied in the hill tracts of Arakan to the headman of a village.—British Burma, Touzi–Monthly collection report.—Punjab. Rent-roll. Number on the rent-roll.—Bengaſ. Towjee—See Taujih. Towzee—See Taufiſ. Toyo–One-fourth of a kāso, about four seers.- Sindh. - Tsá—A letter, a document, a sparrow.—British Burma. Tsa-daik–Post Office.—British Burma. Tsa-ga-byan—Interpreter.—British Burma. Tsa-gyoon—A Government order.—British Burma. Tsaik–One anna, or the sixteenth part of an acre. — British Burma. Tsa-lay—A pint.—British Burma. - Tsan-do-gyee—A place built in the river or at its mouth where fish is caught on a large scale. —British Burma. Tsan-dah—A large fishing stage extending about half a mile from end to end.—British Burma. Tsan-da-ngay—A place built in the river or at its mouth where fish is caught on a small scale. — British Burma. Tsan-kai–Karen officer.—British Burma. Tsa-ra-gyee—Head clerk.-British Burma. Tsa-rin—Inventory, list.—British Burma. Tsa-tsa-reit—Subsistence money.—British Burma. Tsaw-buya—A Shan Chief—British Burma. Tsa-yaj—A writer.—British Burma. Tseef-kai–Originally a military title. It has now come to mean in British Burma one of the upper grades of native judicial officers. —British Burma. Tsein-yay—An intoxicating decoction of herbs, jaggery, &c.—British Burma. Tshwai-pike-gyee—A large drag-net worked by six men.—British Burma. Tshwai-pike-ngay—A large drag-net worked by four men.—British Burma. Tshwai-pike-touk-ngay—A large drag-net worked by two men.—British Burma. Tsoung—A covering for the body, a wrap.– British Burma. Tualloog—See Taa//uk. Tuallooga—See Taal/uk. Tábu-The sluice of a tank or water reservoir.— Coorg. Tuccavy—See Takavi. Tuckadar—See Thikadar. Tuckavy—See Takavi. Tuckay—See Takavi. Tuckseem—See Taksim. Túdo—A mound of earth or rubbish (in canals).- Sindh. Tugawee—See Takavi. Tuhereer—See Tahrir. Tuhseeſ—See Tahsil. - Tukadi–District.—Coorg. Tukhamzadł—Applied to land in which the seed has germinated but withered from drought shortly afterwards.—Sindh. Tułka—Percentage.—Bombay. Tukkadi—A district, a division.—Bombay. Tukseem—See Taksim. Tulari—See Jaglya. Tullabund—See Talebaſed. Tullary—See Talari, Tulſati—The stipendiary village accountant.—Ro- bertson—Bombay. Tulpud—The Government share in the lands of certain villages as opposed to wanto or alienated portion.—Robertson—Bombay. Tulu—The language spoken by the people on the Western Ghâts.—Coorg. The northernmost division of the Malayalam country, or, in more modern times, the coun- try of Viziapur between Kanara and the Konkan; the language of the province,— Wilson. - Tuluvaru–People residing in the Western Ghâts who speak a peculiar language called Tulu.- Coorg. - Tummasook—See Tamassuk. Thºmsook—See Tamassuk. Tumussook—See Tamassu%. - Tundu–A piece of land on which food-grains, oil- seeds, &c., are grown without irrigation; a tundu may be of any size, and is, in other words, a dry field. Such lands are assessed as follows, according to class, the rate fixed for a square, each side of which is 10 poles, being— ON LANDs MEASURED ON LANDs MEASURED BY THE Veerajender BY THE Lingaraja POIII:. POLE. Class | Rate of as- Class | Rate of as- of sessment Of sessment soil. per square. soil. per square. Rs, A. P. Rs. A. P. O . In Mercaro, #. 0 : º In Yeden alknad .. tº tº g is & tº e º s 2nd 0 6 0 ſist 1 8 0 || el St. 1 0 0 | 2nd 1 0 0 || 2nd 0 12 0 3 : 0 12 0 33rd 0 10 0 In Nwn.jrajputten ... 4th 0 10 0 || || 4th 6 8 O | 5th o 8 0 || 5th 0 6 0 U.6th 0 6 0 | U .. 1st 0 12 0 ("1st 0 9 8 In YeloosawepaSemi .., |) 2nd (, 8 0 | \ 2nd 0 8 () 3rd || 0 7 0 || Y 3rd 0 6 0 4th 0 6 0 | \ 4th | 0 5 () —Coorg. e Tungrī—A small hillock-Bengal. Tunkisaſ—See Tankasala. - Tunteed—A disease which attacks and withers up the tobacco plant. The name among the vil- lagers for cramps, and for cholera.-Bombay. Tupémanee – The small tank or reservoir at the saltworks into which the salt water is let in from the larger tank or reservoir. The salt water is left here to evaporate and get strong, previous to being let into the regular eva- porating pans.—Bombay, Tuppa–A fiscal division of the country, less than : a pargana, same as patti...—Bengal. See Tappa. Tupusneese—See Tapasnis. - Tăr—A pulse (cytisus cajan).-H. A. D. and JBombay. Turanj—Citron.—C. P. | Turbuz—Marsh melon.—C. P. ( 117 ) Tuj—See Tiry. Turruſ—See Taraf. - -, . . . - Turuſ–A tract of country, a shu-division of a pargana including several villages, a division of country composed of an indefinite num- ber of villages. Several turuſs make a par- gana.-Bombay. See Taraf. Tussur—See Tasar. - Tusulmat—Money paid in advance.—Bombay. Tuži-Fines levied on#. cattle.—Coorg. hºvar—Pigeon pea.-M/807'é. #.º. circle called Tike in Burma, Kyun in Arakan; Kyun means literally an island.—British Burma. U Uarija—See Aoſja. - Uğrı—An estate held at an abatement of the full land revenue.—N. W. P. - Uārādár—Holder of a ubári estate.—W. W. P. Uhhárá–Quit-rent holdings.-0. P. - Uāhun-Standing grain in the fields that has not been cut.—Bombay. - Uchao—Annual festival ceremony in a temple.-- H. A. D. {Jāalut—See Adalat. º Udave—Jungly tract fit for coffee plantation, a term used in Nagar and Hassan.—Mysore. Udhastu (land)—Homestead land.-Bengal. Uddami—See Udimi. Uddhara—See Uttara. Uddu–Pulse (Phaseolus mungo.)—Coorg, Mysore, and Bombay. See Adda. Udhad—A fixed sum paid to Government for land, without reference to the number of vee- ghas or value and description of cultivation.— Bombay. (.g. Udhar.) - Udhar, Oodhur—In the gross, in the lump.– Wilson—Bombay. Udhar-hal—A fixed amount or payment for lough.-Bombay. o Udharjamábandſ—Assessment in the lump; assess- ing the total revenue of a village upon the chief proprietor, and leaving it to him to distribute the proportions.—Wilson. - A fixed unalterable revenue settlement, either for a whole village or villages, without refer- ence to the extent or nature of cultivation, and without any right on the part of Govern- ment to interfere in the internal management. —Bombay. - Jihar-salámi—Rent collected in the gross on private land without reference to any details —Wilson. An unvarying quit-rent, fixed either on a particular field or on the whole property of the proprietor. This is not a cess, but an assess- ment on lands partially alienated; these lands are mostly “wóná’’ lands. . This differs from wdhad jamabundee, which is a fixed annual rental for a whole village.—Bombay. Udhelee—See Adheli. Udher-vero—Fixed invariable sums, levied in the gross on certain trades, occupations, or castes. —Bomâay. - Udźd—See Oorud. Jāmi, incorrectly Udmá, Uddamſ—A shop-keeper, a dealer.—Wilson. A trader, a petty dealer.—H. A. D. Jāmī—See Udimi. Uduve—See Uru. * * Uzárá–Collection of revenue—ſſilson–Bombay. Ugrámi, Ugárátdár—A collector, a tax-gatherer.—Wilson. Revenue patel. The patel appointed for the collection of the revenue. In some cases, however, the Ughrátdár is appointed to carry on the police as well as the revenue duties, in which case he is called Mukhee, or Police Patel. The Ughrátdár is generally a Watandar Patel, but sometimes he is paid by Government.— Bombay. - | Ugranadava–See Ugrani. Ugramapuvadu—See Ugram?. Ugránapuvádu, Ugranić. Ugrénadava– A store-keeper, a steward, a butler, a treasurer, a collector of revenue.—Wilson—Bombay. Ugranik–See Ugrani. Ugruharum—See Agraharum. Ujad—See Ujar. - Ujár, Ujád—Desolate, desert, uninhabited, uncul- tivated, waste; the reverse of £bád. Beng, a wilderness, a deserted place.—Wilson. Deserted—H. A. D. - Desolate, uninhabited, deserted, depopulated, laid waste—Bombay. U%ardo—See Užaydo. U%aydo–A dung-heap. “Ukardo.”—Bombay. - . Ukh–Sugar-cane (saccharum officinarum).-Wilson —Benga!. - - U%%ada—A station at the side of a road where tolls are collected.—Coorg. Sometimes written Uktá, Ukte, incorrectly Uhti, Oohtee—In the gross, in the lump, in the mass, said of goods pur- chased, land assessed, &c.—Wilson—Bombay. U%te—See Ukta. - - U%ti-See Ukta. Ulame—Land given to a sub-cultivator.—Mysore. Ulamedór—A sub-cultivator.—Mysore. UZáukhá—Wearing a skin or hide when the boundary between two villages is disputed or made the subject of troublesome litigation. The parties frequently enter into a mutual agreement to submit the decision to some person of character who shall walk clad in the hide of a newly-killed cow or buffaloe over what he conceives to be the right and proper line of boundary, and this line they undertake to unalterably and religiously observe for the future. The ceremony of the hide, however, is usually dispensed with, and the “IJupato,” or roll of cloth worn over the body, is substituted. This cloth must first be well soaked in water, and is thrown loosely over the shoulders. The wearer should be barefooted, and should previously bathe in any convenient place that may be near ; while walking, no person should be allowed to communicate with him.—Bombay. Ulema—A village priest.—Punjab. UZigadavaru–A peon.— Mysore. Ulkudi, .00/koody, Ulkudi-payirháram, UZ-payir- Audi, U/-parakudi, corruptly Ooleoody-pay- acarº), Ool-pyakoody, Ooſ-paracoody—A per- manent cultivating tenant; one who, b himself or his forefathers, has been settled in a village and carried on cultivation in it for a considerable time, although not one of the original coparceners; he cannot be dispossessed as long as he pays the stipulated rent to the proprietor or proprietors, usually a quit-rent, and his proportion of the Government as- sessment; he has the right of hereditary succession and independent cultivation, but cannot mortgage or sell the land, and is not z 5 ( 118 ). entitled to the emoluments and privileges considered as the right of the Mirásádárs ; —Wilson. A resident ryot; in Mirási villages cannot be disturbed by the proprietors while he pays his customary rent.—Madras. Ulkudi-payirkaran—See Ulkudi. Ul-parakudi–See Ulkudi. Ul-payir-kudi–See Ulkudi. Umal—See Amal. Umanut-See Amanaț. Unball—A description of tenure in which lands have been granted at rates varying from 1 to 3 rupees for 100 butties, on account of services rendered to the State.—Coorg. Subsistence, a grant to an individual for his subsistence.—Wilson. Umbaládára-Holder of land on Umûaſ tenure, Coorg. Umedvár—An expectant, a candidate for employ- ment, one who awaits a favorable answer to some representation or request.—Wilson— Bombay. Candidate.—N. W. P. Umeen—See Amin. Umia—Ameen's fees.—Bengal. Umul—Authority, shares of revenue.—Bombay. Uns—See Us. Upādhió—Family priest.—H. A. D. Upar vadio—A cultivator who resides at one village and cultivates land at another.— Bombay. Upo bhogdăr—A tenant who enjoys only a right to the produce of fruit trees.—Bombay. Uppára—Salt-maker.- Coorg. Uprohit—Family priest.—Oudh.-See Purohita, Upurvaria-vero—A tax formerly levied on “ Upar- vádió” cultivators.-Bombay. Urad—A pulse (Phaseolus radiatus).-H. A. D. Urd—A description of grain (pulse) Phaseolus Tadiatus.—Sindh. Another name for Másh.—Oudh. Jrdá–The mixed language current in the North- Western Provinces, and composed of Hindi and Persian, in which court business is generally transacted.—Oudh. A camp, a royal encampment; applied more commonly to the Hindustani language as spoken at the courts of Delhi and Lucknow, and by the Muhammadans of India generally, being formed by a copious though not pre- ponderating influx of Arabic, Persian and Turkish words upon a basis of Hindi and Sanscrit, and following the grammatical in- flexion of the former occasionally slightly modified.—Wilson. Urád—A kind of pulse.—Bengal. A pulse (Phaseolus radiatus).—Bombay. Urj—See Arz. Uru, Uduve—Jungle allotted to a village for pasture, fuel, &c.—Coorg. Urud—A kind of pulse (Phaseolus radiatus). —C. P. - Urugasira—A rain commencing between 5th and 18th June. Paddy, cotton, &c., are sown at this season.—Mysore. Urás—A fair held in honor of a Muhammadan saint.—H. A. D. Urz—See Arz. Urzee—See Arzi. Us, Uns–Sugar-cane.—Wilson–H. A. D. Usar—See Ushara. Ushar—See Usſara. Ushara, Ushar, Usar—Saline, as soil; land im- pregnated with alkaline particles, and unfit for cultivation.—Wilson. A stiff soil impregnated with reh, or saline efflorescence, and unculturable.—Oudh. Úsna—Rice husked by heating.—Bengal. Usree—A tenure by which land is held of Government by persons not inhabitants of the village. Such land was generally held at an easy rate on consideration of the disadvantages the holders labored under. The survey has of course abolished this.-- Bombay. Utár-adhan, Sádhan—A deed of mortgage with possession, stipulating that the net produce should be carried to the liquidation of the mortgage money, and when the whole amount of the mortgage is thus liquidated, the property should be restored to the mortgager. —Bombay. Utbandéjama—A settlement in some parts of Bengal where the cultivator pays rent only for the land actually cultivated in each year. —Wilson—Bengal. - Utera—A supplementary crop grown amongst the principal crops, and sown in rice after its transplantation.— Benga!. Utkar—Lands held from year to year at will.— Benga!. Ułłóra, Uddhára, corruptly Oothur—Deduction, remission; land given by Government to an individual as a reward for services, at a quit- rent or rent-free; land given to a temple.— Wilson. Remission of land rent on account of imper- fectly ripened crops grown, from inclemency of season and failure of rain. In Nagar it is used for Inämti.-Mysore. Uvul—First, highest ; when applied to land it means land of the first class, as opposed to Doyam, second or middling, and Soyam, last or inferior.—Robertson—Bombay. Uwariju-See Awarija. Uwuriju-See Awarija. V Wódá vero—A tax on milkmen and Rahárees.— Bombay. - Wadda—A tank-digger, worker in stone.—Coorg. Wagi/—See Wakiſ. # Wahi–An account book.—Sindh. Váhſ—A watchman for crops, also a small piece of garden by a well.—Sindh. Vaily—See Veli. Wajeepho (Properly Wazáfa)—Land granted rent- free, or at a quit-rent, by the Muhammadan Government to pious persons for past services and to Kazis. It now in many instances pays salāmee to Government. Some of the Pádshāhee and other grants are still forthcom- ing. When Gujerat was subordinate to the Court of Dehli, the Emperors of Hindustan and their subordinate Governors gave many grants, even of entire villages, under the term “ Wajeep/d,” signifying a deduction, that is, an authorised deduction from the gross revenue on account of alienations. In addition to the abovethereare lands which are called Wajeephé, that were obtained by purchase or gift from the late Governments, and for which many of the proprietors hold vouchers, while with regard to others the plea of long possession is all ( 119 ) that they can urge in support of their claims. —Bombay. - Wajifa–A kind of grant in land either rent-free or on payment of quit-rent, made during the Muhammadan Government for service rendered.—Bombay. - Wakālaţnáma—Power of attorney.—Coorg. Written authority given to a pleader.-- Bengal. See Wakalatnama. Wałęſ—Public pleader in a court of justice, or ambassador.—W. W. P. A pleader.— Bengal. Advocate.—Punjač. Attorney.—Coorg. Pleader's agent—Oudh. See Wakiſ. Válaga Uttàra—Rent-free land granted to musi- cians,—Coorg. x Walahdānyo—A kind of mortgage under which the produce of the land goes towards the payment of the principal and interest, the land being redeemed as soon as the debt is cleared.—Bombay. Walavoo-Fees paid for guarding vessels, &c.— Bombay. Waſee—See Well. Wałże—See Weſ. Waſſeyal/u-Good sesamum or gingelli oil-seed.— Mysore. Wały—See Weli. Wanchará, Wancharáž-Price paid for the graz- ing of cattle in forests or on waste lands,- Wilson—Bombay. Vánd;—A tenant-at-will living in another village. —Punjah. Wānīo—Shop-keeper, bania.—Sindh. Vanjara—A tribe of Hindus similar in habits to the wandering and trading Chárans. They come down from Rajputana and Central India with large droves of cattle laden with grain and other produce, and take back with them return loads, chiefly of salt. They have no fixed place of dwelling, but in the rains generally encamp at some place where they can get good forage for their cattle. Their women dress in a peculiar kind of long petticoat, and they invariably carry about with them all their wealth in the shape of heavy gold and silver ornaments. These men are not, as might be supposed, mere carriers in the employment of others, but are them- selves the actual buyers and sellers of the produce and salt they carry from place to place upon their own resources and at their own risk. They come in large bodies under a leader, whom they term Náek. They pay the price required and all duties with ready money, and depart with the utmost regularity and order. They seldom or never are engaged as dacoits.-Bombay. Wanta—See Wanta. Wānto—A portion, an allotment. A description of land held rent-free, although much of it pays salāmee to Government. Prior to the Musalman conquest the Rajputs and others had possession of the country. The Musalmans dispossessed these people, who then took to plunder. The conquerors were unable to stop this. A compromise was effected, the Musalmans keeping three-fourths of each village under the name of Talpad, and the remaining one-fourth was allotted to the original holders under the name of Wanto ; for this they agreed to cease plundering and to keep order and peace in their villages. The holders of Wanto land are amongst the most noble and ancient families in the country. This land has in some cases been given away, in some sub-divided, and in some sold; in Some cases the holders of Wanto were too strong for the Government authorities holding the Talpad, and they seized the Talpad and annexed it to their Wanto, the whole still being held by them under the term Wanto. There are also cases in which the Govern- ment has been strong enough to do without the assistance of the old proprietors. In these cases the Wanto has been resumed, and is now held and known as Wanto juptee.— Bombay. - Wänto-gharenio-nakro — Mortgaged Vánto-makro land.— Bombay. Wanto-japtee— Wänto land that has at some time or other been resumed by the Government.— Bombay. - Wànào nakro–Wanto land held entirely free of any rent or tribute.—Bombay. Vánto salāmiyo—This is Vánto land, and only differs from Wänto-makro in that the holder has to pay a certain Salámee or quit-rent per weegha or kumbha,—Bombay. Vánto ſidhad salāmīyo—This land is Vánto, and only differs in that the holder pays quit-rent upon the whole of the land held.—Bombay, Vánto-vechan-nakro–Vänto rent-free land which has been disposed of by sale.—Bombay. Waqueeſ—See Wakiſ. Vár—A yard.—Bombay. Vára—Tenure of land, the half of the produce of which is given to the landlord instead of rent.—Coorg. A share of the crop or of the produce of a field : in Kanara, whether it be that of the cultivator or of the Government as landlord ; in Malabar it usually designates the rent or landlord’s share of the produce, and in some districts is limited to the landlord’s share of the produce of fields, bearing hill-paddy and sesamum only, or to fields of the wet cul- tivation.— Wilson. Váragara—A sub-lessee who gives half the pro- duce of the land he cultivates to the owner.- Coorg. Waratan?0—See Warta/hio. Varga—A ledger.—Coorg. Varga–A farm or holding having a separate num- ber in the revenue accounts. There are some- times two or three or even more holdings in one Warga.—Coorg. - A class, a tribe, a multitude of similar persons or things; in Karnata, an ancestral hereditary estate.—Wilson. Wargadár, vulgarly Wurgdăr—The proprietor of a hereditary estate, and in that capacity some- times the representative of a whole village, collecting and paying the assessment of the whole, although others may have portions of the village lands as separate property; the title is also, though laxly, assigned to lessees under the original proprietor, who are known as “Sub-wurgdărs.”—Wilson—Bombay. A leaseholder (in Nagar), in other parts of the province the term means a transferee.— Mysore. Warián–A tenant who has cultivated for several years.-Punjab. Warékasan–See Waſ'Shasan, ( 120 Workhast!/?—See Warshasan. Váro–A cattle pen, also a melon bed.—Sindh. Warsail-See Warshasan. Warsdºro—Rainy season.—Sindh. Warshäsan, Warkhásam, War/hſsum, Varsán, vul- garly Wurs/asºn—An annual allowance, a salary, a pension paid either by the public treasury or by assignment on the revenues of a village or district, and entered upon the vil- lage expenses; also an assignment or a charge on an estate made by the proprietor in favor of another person.—Wilson-Bombay. Relating to the rainy season, produced in it &c., annual, occurring or celebrated yearly.— Wilson—Bombay. Wartamóna–Information, news.-Coorg. Wartanfo, Varažanjo, Barłanio, corruptly Bhurtu- need—A term used in Broach and correspond- ing with the Jeevaeedór of Ahmedabad and the Ravaneeo of Kaira. The Wartameed is the village guard or watchman. The War- taneeas are maintained as a kind of local police. They are armed either with a bow and arrow, or with a sword, but they never have fire-arms. They are for the most part Kolees, but sometimes Talávias and Bheels. Sums of money are often sent by them from the village to the mamlatdar’s treasury. In some villages there are as many as fifteen or twenty, and in others only three or four. They in some cases receive fixed yearly pay- ments, but generally enjoy land rent-free. They are wretchedly paid : those receiving fixed money payments receive from one to two rupees a month ; and those holding land, hold generally about six kumbas of land worth about Rs. 18 a year. They form part of the village establishment.—Bombay. Várusháshama—Annual allowance,—Mysore. Waseſ—Fallow.—Bombay. Wolseló—Fallow (as land left for a year uncul- tivated).—Wilson. Vási-A resident cultivator.—Punjab–See Wasti, Wasiałmámo—Will, deed of gift.— Sindh. Wastá, Wash—A village or hamlet.—Sindh. Wasiſ/–Collection, receipts.—Coorg. Vasu/6–Collection of money.—Sindh. Watav-vero-In former times the Talátees were in the habit of taking a small exchange of an anna or less upon changing a rupee for the ryot; this at last advanced a step and the Talātee took an extra anna or less from the ryot upon every rupee paid to the then Government. When this at length came to the knowledge of the Government officials, an order was given to levy this extra anna wherever the Talātees had hitherto levied it, but that instead of the Talātee being al- lowed to keep it himself, it was to be paid to the Government account. “Watav-vero * is similar to “Amo-vero.” This item of re- venue has of course been abolished by the British Government.—Bombay. Watſºn-Cotton plant.—Sindh. Watºs-dar-vauns, Wawns-param-para—Hereditary; from generation to generation.— Bombay. Vávałó—This land is similar to Pasāetú and is land assigned, exempt from revenue in lieu of service, to village officers, of which they enjoy the usufruct, but are not vested with the property. Large quantities of such lands have been alienated by village officers and others and given to their relations. The amount of these alienations exhibited considerable fluctuation, and Government therefore directed that enquiry should be made and a register kept of “Vávalá’” claims. Mr. W. Stubbs states:—“The diffi- culty in respect to Vávalá land is the want of Sanads or some written evidence to prove the extent of each person’s claim. This is land enjoyed exclusively by the servants of the village, and is granted in lieu of other remuneration for services to the community, but the title is seldom or never supported by a deed or writing, and in ordinary cases is only to be ascertained by actual enquiry in the village.”—Bombay. Wechaneea—Land that has been sold. A tenure under which much of the alienated land in Gujerat is held. These alienations were originally unauthorised alienations by the village community. Most of them origin- ated under the former Governments, but not a few since the introduction of the British rule. In most cases the Desaes and Patels sold the Government land as private property. Under the Maratha Governments the parganas were farmed out, and the vil- lage managers often sold the Government lands to enable them to pay the required assessments. So long as the Government did not interfere it was a matter of perfect indifference to the farmers of the revenue how the funds were raised to enable the village managers to make good the propor- tion payable by each.-Bombay. Wecháníá–Saleable, applied to lands properly be- longing to the State, but which have been sold by the Paté's and have been excluded from the assessment.--Wilson. Weeghotee—The revenue system now commonly in force. Formerly the Government revenue was collected chiefly in kind, and veras or taxes of different descriptions were levied. This has, however, been changed for fixed money payment per weeghá,-that is, every cultivator pays a certain sum for every teeghá of land he cultivates, and conse- quently the revenue is in exact proportion to the quantity of land under actual tillage. The weeghoffee is fixed not only with refer- ence to the classification or real nature of the soil, but also with regard to its capabi- lity of being irrigated, its vicinity to the village, the advantages or disadvantages of its particular situation, and the nearness of the villages to a market, &c. The assess- ment being permanent for the term of the survey settlement, the whole risk of the season is thrown on the cultivator. The introduction of this system has greatly sim- plified the revenue management, abolished vexatious petty taxes, and has freed the ryot on the one hand from the oppression and extortion of the Government servants carrying out the Bhāgóatá system, and on the other, has saved Government much loss from the dishonest practices which existed under that system.—Bombay. Weeghu–The land measure of Gujerat. The vee// is divided into wasós and veesvasees. / A 20 veesvásee =l wasó, 20 wasá =l weeghu, The weed/u, like the English acre, is an entirely square measure. The “Günthó” or rod, by which the measurements are made, is computed ( 1 ) l at five “Haths,” and twenty such “Gün- thds,” or one hundred “ Haths,” is the length of one side of a “ Weeghw”. The standard length of the Günthé is 96 inches or 8 feet. The standard length of the Hath is 19% inches. The veeghu therefore contains 25,600 square feet, the vasā 1,280 square feet, and the veesvásee 64 square feet. As an English statute acre contains 43,560 square feet, it follows that one standard veeghu is equal to '5876 parts of an acre, or that one acre is equal to one veeghu, fourteen vasã, and sixty-two decimal parts of a veesvásee,_ Long Measure. Side of a Jnches. Feet. Haths. Gunthas. veeghu. | 19°2 1.7% 1. 0 0 to I 96'0 S’() 5 1 tº gº º 1920-0 160’0 100 20 * 1. Square Measure. - t Wees- •y. 7. Sq. inches. Sq. feet. Sq. yards. Wà.Séé. Was . Weeghu. || Acre. 9,216 64 7'll 1'00 º 184,320 1,280 142°22 2()'00 1'00 tº dº tº 3,686,400 25,600 2844'44 | 400.00 20:00 1'00 6,272,640 43,560 4S40’00 680°62 34'03 l'70 l Pombay. Weera—See Vero. Weesum—See Visa. Wegio-mâ/—Property given in exchange or in lieu of that stolen.—Sánd/. Weheto—The field or portion of land burdened with ‘a heavy assessment in Ahdā bandee holdings, and opposed to the ſºhoffeed, which is taxed with little more than a nominal rent. The pure “Weheto” system, like the Narwa or Bhágdăree, was a mode of joint village management by a proprietary community. Under both systems the proprietary body, or Pateed&rs, had to make good the difference between the amount produced by all the regu- lar sources of revenue in the village, except Government lands which they kept in their own hands, and the lump sum assessed in any year upon the village. Under the “Narwadaree” or more perfect form of the village community, each member of the proprietary body con- tributed towards this deficiency a sum propor- tionate to his hereditary share in the village. But in villages in which, owing to misfor- tunes or oppression, the means of each pro- prietor no longer corresponded to his heredita- ry rights, the “Weketo” system was adopted. Out of the lands of each sharer, a small portion, varying in amount according to his circumstances, was assigned as “Weſeto,” and upon it was assessed each his contribution to the lump assessment of the village. Thus if the “Weheto’’ lands belonging to the community amounted to 50 veeghas, and in any year, after collection of revenue from all other sources, the sum required to make up the lump assessment of the village was Rs. 500, each veegha of “ Wehelo” would that year be assessed at Rs. 10. He who held half a veegha would pay Rs. 5, he who held two veeghas Rs. 20, and so on. Under this system the sharers or Pałeedárs usually called all their own lands (except the assigned “We/eto”), alienated, generally by the name of “Wechaneed” and “Ghareneed,” and paid directly for these only the “salamee” rates of the village. And if a man’s circumstances became better, and he was able to take up fresh lands, he paid for them, not usually at the Government rates of the village, but by the extent of his “ Weheto” being increased, and sometimes by a personal cess.—Bombay. Véli, corruptly Walee, Wałże, Wały, Wałły, Weli– A measure of land containing five hānis or six acres and six-tenths: a field of that extent. —Wilson. A Tanjore land measure equal to 5 kanis or 6-6 acres.—Madras. - yallála—Shudras of the Tamil country.—Coorg. Wero, incorrectly Weera, Weyraſ.--Tax, impost, duty; any tax or cess levied in addition to that on land, as upon trades, professions, goods, and the like; a particular tax levied upon the land, or upon ploughs, in addition to the standard assessment ; also a tax levied on the Grasia tenures paying no other revenue to the State.—Wilson. A tax, a cess.—Robertson. A local cess. Taxes imposed under various denominations upon trades and employments exercised, as well as upon articles of property belonging to cultivators. Those upon trades and employments were abolished under Act XXX of 1844, while the greater portion of those upon the property of cultivators were abolished upon the introduction of a Weeghotee assessment. Those that were still retained have since been abolished upon the introduction of the revised survey settlement. —Bombay. - Weskar, hºes/ar—The porter or gate-keeper of a village, usually a Máng and employed in other menial offices for the village.—Wilson— Bombay. Vesno–Twentieth part of a bigo.—Sindh. Wet/, or Weth–Labor or service exacted by Gov- ernment, or a person in power, without pay- ing for it ; a load carried by a person or animal impressed; also, but superfluously, Wet/begår.—Wilson—Bombay. Wetti or , Wettiyan, or Wetly or Wittyun—People employed to do the hard work in measuring and storing Government salt.—Madras. Vettiyan—See Vetti. Wetty—See Wetti. Vevastha-See Wyavastha. Veyrah—See Vero. Vigá—A land measure, nearly one-half of an acre. —Bombay. - Wighalige—The sixtieth part of a Ghaliga.-Coorg. Villedele—Betel leaf.—Mysore. Wilyadele—Betel leaf.—Coorg. Visa, Włsamu, corruptly Wissum, Weesum, Kºsam—The sixteenth part or fraction of any- thing ; a weight of gold equal to one grain of rice-corn ; a measure of land equal nearly to two acres; a share, a portion.—Wilson— JBombay. - A sixteenth part of anything.—Coorg. Visat, eſse—A weight in use at Madras, commonly called Wiss, one-eighth of a Madras Maund, or 8tbs 202s, avoirdupois-Wilson—Bombay. The eighth of a Madras manugu or maund; actually 31bs 1 oz. 6 drs, but generally taken as 3}lbs.-Madras. Wisam–See Visa. Wisamº–See Visa. | Vishwast—The twentieth of a wussa,—Bombay. z 6 ( 122 ) Wiss—See Visać. Wissum—See Wſsa. Wisvásee—The four hundredth part of a weeghu, and the twentieth part of a vasā See Weeghu. —Bombay. Visvási, corruptly Wiswussa—A land measure, one-twentieth of a vasã, tºoth of a 6ighá; a nominal coin of the lowest value, one- thousandth of a rupee.—Wilson. Wiswäs—Twentieth part of a vesno.—Sindh. Wittyun — See Wetti. - Vivastha—See Wyavastha. Writtīdār—Proprietor of small grants of land free of rent, or on a light rent, to Brahmins only.—Mysore. Vukee/—See Wakil. . Wuno——A kind of cess or fee levied by jageerdars in Mandvee on people who remove wood from their villages. A fee levied upon each cart- | load of grass cut in the Bháto land in vil- lages near Dhollerá. An import duty levied at Bhowmuggur upon each boat-load of grass imported into that place.—Bombay. Wurun—A vow; a leather rope. The leather rope which is attached to a “kos’ to draw it up.– Bombay. Wuso, Wussa—The twentieth part of a veeghw.— Bombay. Wussa—See Wuso. Wyāpāra, vernacularly Byāpāra—Business, affairs, trade, occupation, profession.—Wilson. Trade.— Coorg. - Vyavasthā, Vivasthā, Vevasthā, Wiwasthā, corrupt- ly Bywustah, Bywuster–Separating, setting apart; settlement, arrangement; a written opinion on points of law, with citation of the original texts on which it is based, given by Hindu law Pandits.-Wilson. W Wad—Fºcus indica.—Bombay. Wadára, Wadári–A low caste, or a member of it, whose chief occupation is killing rats and yermin.—Wilson—Bombay. Wadari—See Wadara. Wadero—Headman of a village, or of a tribe. Large landed proprietor—Sindh. Wódź–A hamlet. (See Mazra).-Bombay. //agat—Bamboo tiles made by platting flattened pieces of bamboo.—British Burma. Waguzasht—Release of land, crops, &c., attached or distrained. Land exempted by Government from all further payment of revenue.— Bengal. Wäguzáshta-Released from attachment or dis- traint, relieved from assessment, remitted.— Wilson. . Wäh—A canal.—Sindh. - Wahá, corruptly Wyhee—A stitched book for ac- counts, of which several are kept by bankers and merchants, as the kachcha-wah?, rough cash or day book; pakka-wahi, daily cash book or journal, shewing receipts and disbursements; mak!-wahi, a register of hundis or bills drawn, accepted and paid ; jargar-wahi, in which an account is kept of goods given to a broker for sale; chiththa-wahi, a letter-book; vyā; or wajuk-wahi, interest account-book, &c. It is the baht of Bengal.—Wilson—Bombay. Wahisonapatra—Conveyance.—Bombay. Wahiwát—Administration, management.—Wilson —Bombay. Wahiwádár—An officer entrusted with the con- duct of any important business, as the gov- ernment of a province or collection of the revenue; the representative or manager of the affairs of an individual, especially in his absence.—Wilson—Bombay. . . . Wóżur—A branch of the Indus, which again rejoins it, or a branch canal.—Sindh. Wàidá—Rent, revenue.—C. P. A fixed term for payment of money, an in- stalment.—W7/son. Wairán, Wirán—Desolate, depopulated, waste; a village under the headman of a different village.— Wilson. Waste land.—C. P. Wójib-ul-arz–Administration paper.—Punjab. The administration paper, or record of the village customs and usages and of the rights and privi- leges of the proprietors and tenants.-Oudh. Village administration paper prepared at time of settlement.—N. W. P. Village administration paper.—C. P. Literally, fit for, or worthy of, representation; a petition, a written statement or representa- tion, a written agreement; in the North-West Provinces it designates what is considered to be the most important of the documents re- lating to the village administration, describ- ing the established mode of paying the Government revenue ; the actual shares or holdings, whether held in severalty or in common, and how separation or re-allotment takes place; the powers and privileges of the lambardārs, and how elected, what extra items of collection are recognised; the rules regard- ing fruit and timber trees on the estate, and how irrigation is maintained; the appropria- tion of waste lands, the village servants and their fees, and the pay of the village watch- men ; it should be in fact a complete view of the organization of the village, and is to be attested by the signatures of all the lambar- dārs, and as many of the shareholders as choose to sign, and by the signatures of the Patwārī and Kānungo; it should be read aloud in open court in the hearing of the subscrib- ing parties and the settlement officer, and be approved and signed also by him. Wójibularzám—General administration paper.— C. P. Wójibularz-Khás—Special administration paper of . the village.—C. P. Wakálatnāma, Wakālatnáma—Credentials, letter of authority, power of attorney.—Wilson— Bombay. Wākdán-patra–Promissory note.—Bombay. Wałf—A Muhammadan religious endowment — Bengal. A bequest for religious or charitable purposes, an endowment, an appropriation of property by will or by gift to the service of God in such a way that it may be beneficial to men, the donor or testator having the power of designat- ing the persons to be so benefited.—Wilson. Wałłł, Wukeel, often read Važ!, Vukeel, Wagſ!, corruptly Waqueeſ—A person invested with authority to act for another, an ambassador, a representative, an agent, an attorney; in India an authorised public pleader in a court of justice; amongst the Marathas also the hereditary assistant of the Desmukh ; a cess imposed to meet the expense of entertaining a wakil.—Wilson—Bombay. A pleader—0. P. (See Wahíſ).-N. W. P. Wahilpatra–Credentials, letter of authority, power of attorney.—Bombay. Wałłaliga—In Dharwar, cultivator.—Bombay. Wahla, Wuhla–A bullock-load of grain.—Wilson —Bombay. Wà!—Lab/ab vulgaris.—Bombay. Wä/ágra—Home produce.—Mysore. Walandedór –Cultivator of land situated in other than the village in which cultivator resides. —H. A. D. Wälä-ságuwälidºr—Sub-cultivator.—Mysore. Wanchárai—Grazing tax.—H. A. D. See Wan- charai. - Wando—A square enclosure at the back of a house, consisting of a raised mud or brick wall, but without any roof.-Bombay. Wangſ—Water-course taken from a hill stream, or an auxiliary irrigational cut or channel to a large water-course.—Sindh. Wàno/á—Prescriptive right of Government or proprietor to a share of fruits.-H. A. D. Wansâval—A genealogical tree.—Bombay. Wansee A bill-hook.-Bombay. Wäntá, or Wöſö, corruptly Waunfa—Share, part, portion, division; also Wantá. In Guzerat it denotes lands either exempt from assessment or held at a quit-rent, chiefly by Rajputs; the tenure is prescription of remote antiquity without any deeds or grants.--Wilson— Bombay. Wantige—A subscription for religious purposes.— Bombay. Wanto—A portion, an allotment, a description of alienated lands originally held by power- ful Rajput families.—AEobertson. Literally, a portion, an allotment. Thus, a portion of land set apart, for the maintenance of the original holder on his being deprived of his possession during former Governments, is called a Wanto.—Bombay. Wappa-cſitti—Re-conveyance.—Bombay. Warra—A portion of land assigned to each member of a Koli village at—a quit-rent. Wilson— Bombay. Warár Pandiá — Equivalent of “ Kānungo.”— C. P. Waráſ—A marriage procession, an assignment on the revenues.—Wilson—Bombay. Wärä-Cultivation of musk, and water melons, &c. —Sindh. - Wóri—Sand.—Sindh. See Aran. Warkas—Common denomination for the inferior grains for all except rice and the kinds of pulse ; it is also applied to the dry cultiva- tion, and to the lands on which it is carried on.— Wilson—Bombay. Warkas-jamin—Land suited to the cultivation alone of the inferior grains.—Wilson— Bombay. Warsaskan—An annual allowance.—Bombay. Wars/4san or Sálianá/–Money grant payable annually.— H. A. D. Warfi –A washerman (Balutedar).-H. A. D. Wasanun–Drugs, generally all the larger kind of drugs and of grocery, such as sugar, sugar- candy, dates, &c. See Karianum.—Bom- ðay. f/asſ—A hamlet.—H. A. D. Wósi/-64%—The current account kept by the putwaris, of demand, collections and balance of rent of each ryot; collections and balances, payments made and Outstandings due.— JBengal. Collections and balances, an account shewing the amount of revenue realized, and the remainder outstanding.—Wilson. Wäsil-bākī-navis—Revenue accountant.—Punjab and W. W. P. A clerk who keeps accounts of revenue paid, and revenue arrears.—C. P. Wasiyat-nāmá—Will.—C. P. Wasw/–See Watsu!. Wasiſ/-ääkſ—Collection and application or admin- istration of the revenues.—Wilson—Bombay. Waffa—See Wanta. - Watan, Wutum, incorrectly Wuttum—Country, native country, place of residence, home; amongst the Marathas it has come to import any hereditary estate, office, privilege, pro- perty, or means of subsistence, a patrimony, — Wilson—Bombay. A hereditary right or office.—C. P. - Wafandār—The holder of a hereditary right, property, or office, with the privileges and emoluments attached to it.—Wilson. A native; the hereditary holder of Govern- ment service land or allowance; a holder of a service inam.—Bombay. The holder of an ancestral and a hereditary right, property, or office. The word is scarcely used except in connection with the Nimar district.—C. P. Wawmila—See Wanta. Wavloo—The service lands of the village inferior servants.-Robertson—Bombay. Wāyade-chittº, Wäyade-rokhá—A written engage- ment, especially with a specified term for its fulfilment.—Wilson—Bombay. Wayade-roßha—See Wāyade-chiffhä. Wazža—A pension, a stipend; a grant of land, rent-fee, or at a quit-rent, to pious per- sons, or for past services; revenue collected at a stipulated or fixed rate for a certain quantity of land.—Wilson—Bombay. See Wajeep/0. A stipend; a stipulated allowance. —N. W. P. . $ Waz kham—Account containing every item of receipt and disbursement.—C. P. Wechania—Lands sold.—Bombay. Weißea, Weſ/ea, Weſ/ia,—An unpaid laborer, or Bigari.-Bombay. We/i–See Weſ. Weskar—See Weskar. Weſ/l-See Weth. Wethea—See Weitea. Wethia—See Weitea. Wiżirhunda—Cess on wells.-Bombay. Wino patra–Policy of insurance.—Bombay. Wºran—See Wairan. Wiswussa—See Wisvas?. Włłła/panta mari—A land measure equal to 60 acres (in use in Dharwar).—Bombay. Wiwastha –See Wyavastha. Woon—An officer in charge of some department of Government.—British Burma. Woondouk—Assistant to an officer in charge of Government department.—British Burma. Wüdid—Phaseolus mungo.—Mysore, Wukeel—See Wałęſ. Wuk/a—See Wakła. Wurgdar—See Wargadar. Wurs/asan—A cash allowance for religious and charitable purposes, e.g., for the service of a temple god.—Bombay. - ( 12 ) Wurshasun–See Warshasan. Wurtinia—The village policeman, synonymous with the Jeevaidar of Ahmedabad and with Ravunia.—Robertson—Bombay. Wussara—A Bheel.—Bombay. Wussool-bakee—Wussool, collections; and Čakee, outstanding balance. Wussool-bakee, a state- ment shewing collections and the balances outstanding.—Bombay. Wustí!, Wasit!—Collections, revenue, rent, &c., money annually realized by Government, proprietors, or bankers.-Wilson—Bombay. Wutton—A hereditary tenure.—H. A. D. Native place; patrimony; home; hereditary office; the hereditary emoluments of a heredi- tary office; hereditary property.—Robertson. Hereditary office or privilege.—Bombay. Wuttondar—A native; a hereditary officer.— Robertson—Bombay. Wuttum—See Watan. Wutum–See Watan. Wuzeefa-Lands granted rent-free or at a quit- rent by the Muhammadan Government to pious persons for past services, and to Cazees. —Robertson—Bombay. Wyhee—See Wahi. y Ya—See toung-gya–British Burma. Yád-Remembrance. In Marathi, memorandum, a scrap, a little account, a note addressed to an equal on official subjects.—Wilson—Bombay. Yadage;—A worker in leather, a cobbler.—Coorg. Yáddáshá, Yadastu-A mote, a memorandum, a memorial, a petition, a certificate.-Wilson— Pombay. A memorandum.-H. A. D., Coorg, and Madras. 4. A list.—Sindh. Yadastu-See Yaddasht. Yadi–Memorandum, a scrap, a little account, a note addressed to an equal on official subjects. —Bombay. Yaksálo–Literally for one year, applied to one- year leases.—Sindh. Pála, Yálałki—Cardamoms.-Coorg and Mysore. Yaſakki—See Yala. - Yan-daik—Magazine.—British Burma. Yarava—A wandering tribe who came originally from Wynad in Malabar. own language and live chiefly in Kiggutmad with the Coorgs, to whose mode of life and worship they have conformed. They eat no beef, and therefore rank higher than the Holeyas and Medas.-Coorg. Yátrá, vernacularly Járá—Going about, travel- ling, but especially travelling to places of reputed holiness; pilgrimage; a periodical festival in honor of some idol to which its worshippers resort ; a company of pilgrims; in Bengal, a dramatic representation.—Wilson —Bombay. See Jatra. Yaumić, corruptly Yeomiah, Yeomea—A daily al- lowance to pensioners of any kind.— Wilson. A money grant payable daily.—H. A. D. An allowance to pensioners.-Madras. Yay-gyaw–Water-course uniting creeks or rivers. —British Burma. Yay-tha-Native soldier.—British Burma. Yazadan-khap—Whipping.—British Burma. Yazadan tat—Criminal file.—British Burma. Yaza-that—Code of criminal law.—British Burma. They speak their || Yazawool-oke—Head constable, inspector.—British Burma. - Yaza-woot—Criminal, magisterial, police, used adjectively.—British Burma. Yaza-woot-ghoung—Headman of circle or portion of circle in police matters.-British Burma. Yazd-woot-mhoo—A criminal case.—British Burma. Yedagá?—Currier and shoemaker.—Mysore. Kedaru chºu, corruptly Yedroon.00dy chiţ–A counterpart agreement, an engagement given by the tenant of an estate held under lease or mortgage to pay a consideration annually for its occupancy; also a writing given by the purchaser of land to the proprietor, engaging to give it back on receiving his money again within a stipulated period.—Wilson—Bombay. Yedroomoodychit—See Yedaruchiţu. Yele ambu–Betel leaf vines.—Mysore, Yeomeo—See Yaumia. Yeomiadár—Holder of money grant payable daily. —H. A. D. - Yeomiah—See Yaumia. Yerand?—Castor-oil seed.— Mysore. Yerſ—Black soil.—Wilson—Bombay. Yīlāchī—Cardamoms.—Mysore. | Yoa—A village.—British Burma. Yon—Court or office.--British Burma, Yö-yá—Hereditary.—British Burma. Yua-goung—Head police officer of a number of villages.—British Burma. Yway—One-eighth of a pay-British Burma, Z. Zaban;–See Jačani. Zabit—A person employed to measure lands and crops.-Sindh. Záðita, in the Indian dialects Jábiá or Jábató- A rule, a statute, a law, established practice, usage. A list, a roll.—Wilson—Bombay. See Jaúča. - | Zabti, vernacularly Zapti, Zaſłł, Jałł, Jafti, Japti, corruptly Aeëty–Sequestrated, attached; ap- plied to lands taken possession of by the Government officers, or to rent-freelands which have been subjected to assessment; in Bengal, lands were so designated which had been resumed from ſágir grants by Jaffar Khan; in the North-Western Provinces the term is applied to the assessment in money on lands in which the more valuable products are raised, as sugar-cane, tobacco, cotton, esculent Vege- tables, and the like.—Wilson. Cash rates on crops (as opposed to batáš pay- ment in kind).—W. W. P. The most valuable crops and money rates on them.—Punjab, Zaft—See Zabū. Zamánat—Security-C. P. Zamánat-náma—A deed of surety by which a per- son makes himself answerable for the debts of another.—Wilson. Security deed.—Bengal. Zamán, Zumeen, vernacularly Jamin, Jamá–Earth, the earth, land, ground, soil, &c.—Wilson— Bombay. Zámin—Surety.—C. P. Zamāndār, Zumeendar, vernacularly Jamāmdār, Jamádár, corruptly Zemindár—An occupant of land, a landholder.—Wilson—Bombay. Holder of lands of any description.— Bengal. A holder or occupant of a village or landed estate,<-0. P. ( 125 Landed proprietor; landowner.—Sindh. A landlord.—Oudh. The holder of an estate on a fixed assessment under a Sanad-i-milkłaż-i-istimrar, or deed of permanent ownership granted by the British Government.—Madras. A cultivating proprietor.—Punjab. Landowner.—W. W. P. - Zamāndārá, vernacularly Jamāndārſ, corruptly Zemindarry.—The office and rights of a za- míndār; the tenure of Zamíndārí, whether individual or coparcenary; the tract of land constituting the possessions of a Zamíndār or of coparcenary Zamīndārs; it more usually designates the former.—Wilson, Landed property generally; (in a more re- stricted sense) an undivided estate held in joint tenure.—N. W. P. An estate belonging to a single proprietor, or | one belonging to several in which the whole land is held and managed in common.— Oudh. - An estate held by one person, or by several persons jointly, when the profit, and not the land, is divided.—Punjab. - Zamān-la-mălik—Land ownerless.—Punjab and C. P. - Zámin-patra—Security bond.—Bombay. Zanána, vernacularly Janána, incorrectly Zenana —The female apartments, used sometimes for their inhabitants; the females of a family.— Wilson—Bombay. The female apartments; the females of a family.—N. W. P. See Jenana. Zapti-See Załł. Zaráit—Cultivated land.—Sindh. Zarðharná—Landed property leased for satisfaction - of debt; usufructory mortgage.—Bengal. Zarðharnádar, Zarðharnādar-Lessee occupying landed property leased for the satisfaction of debt; usufructory mortgagee.—Benga!. Zarðharmidar—See Zarðharmadar. Zaripeshgi—See Zarpeshgi. Zaripeshgidar—See Zarpeshgidar. Zarſagan—Rent.— Bengal. Zarpeshgā, Zaripeshgſ—Payment in advance; a de- posit or engagement to advance money; a bonus or premium on a lease ; an advance of money upon the farm of the revenue; money lent upon a usufructuary mortgage.—Wilson. A lease obtained by the advance of a fixed sum, the lessor having the right of re-entry on repayment of that sum. Money paid in º advance to landholders by tenants, or to the lessor by the lessee.—Bengal. - Zarpeshgādár, Zaripeshgādár—One who holds a village, having lent money to the proprietor. A lessee who has advanced money to his lessor. —Benga!. º - One who has advanced money.—Wilson, Zarzáminſ—Surety for money payment.—Wilson. Money security.—Bengal. Zał-thana—An actor.—British Burma. Zaurak—A large boat.—Sindh. w Zayat—A serai or building erected by charitable persons for the benefit of travellers, pilgrims, and pagoda visitors on worship days.-British Burma. - Zebty—See Zabti. Zelah—See Złła. Zeldar—A chief man in a circle of villages,— Punjab. - Zemāndar—See Zamindar. Zemindarry—See Zamāndari. Zenana—See Zanana. Zer darakhti—Vegetables and produce of land, as opposed to the fruit of trees.—Sindh. Zeroyet—See Zarayet. Zila, corruptly Zillah, Zelah ; plural, Zilaját— Side, part, a division, a district; under the British administration, a province, a tract of country constituting the jurisdiction of a Commissioner or Circuit Judge, and the ex- tent of a chief Collectorate.—Wilson. The part of a presidency in charge of a Col- lector of land revenue. A Collectorate.— . Bombay. A district under the British administration; a tract of country consisting of the jurisdiction of a Commissioner or Circuit Judge, and the extent of a chief Collectorate.—N. W. P. A district.—Punjač. A revenue district. In opium and indigo cultivation, a tract of cultivation under the supervision of a single officer.—Bengal. Zillah—See Zºla. º Zi/o—A district; a Collectorate.—Sindh. Zárá—Carraway seed.—C. P. Żóráat, vernacularly Jiráſ, Jiráyat, corruptly Zarayet, Zeroyet—Agriculture, cultivation, farming; a cultivated farm or field; sometimes land not artificially irrigated; also Karn, a pension.—Wilson. Cultivation.—C. P. See Jirait. Zwmeen—See Zamān. Zumeendar—See Zamāndar. Z 7 ( 126 ) STANDARD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES CURRENT IN BENGAL. (1).-Bazar Weight. (5).—Lineal Measure. 5''Sikas make 1 Kancha. w *** 3 Jabs make 1 Anguli. 4 Kanchas , 1 Chhatak. 4 Angulis , 1 Musti. 3 Mustis 2, 1 Bighat. 4 Chhataks ,, 1 Poa. º 2 Bighats ,, 1 Hat. . 4 Poas ,, 1 Ser. 4 Hats ,, 1 Dhanu. w 5 Sers , 1 Pasuri. 1,000 Dhanus ,, 1 Kros. 2 Pasuris ,, 1 Chauk. 4 Kroses ,, 1 Jojan. 8 Pasuris ,, 1 Män. (6).-Gold and Silver Weight. 4 Dhans make 1 Rati. A 6+ Ratis » 1 Ana. (2).—Measure of Capacity. 8 Ratis , 1 Masa. 12; Masas , 1 Bhari. (a)—Grain measure. (7).—Apothecaries’ Weight .-Apothecarles Weight. 2" e e # 5 Chhataks make 1 Kunika or Khunchi, 4 Jabs make 1 Rati. 4 Kunikas , 1 Rek. 5 Ratis , 1 Dhan. 4 Reks ,, 1 Pali or Pasuri. 2 Dhans , 1 Masa. 20 Palis ,, 1 Sali. 2 Masas , 1 Tola. 16 Salis ,, 1 Kahan, equal to 40 Māns. SUPERFICIAL MEASURES USED IN CHITTAGONG. (a)—The Magi Superficial Measure. (b)—Grain measure used in Southern Bengal. 122,880 Square Hats make 1 Dron. 7,680 35 35 , 1 Kani. 4 Palis or Reks make 1 Dron or Pasuri. 380 35 35 ,, 1 Ganda. 4 Drons , 1 Adi. 96 39 93 ,, 1 Kora. 5 Adis ,, 1 Sali. f º as . . 55 : * & 93 35 33 alltä. 4. Salis ,, 1 Bis. 0.76 , , , 1 Dhuli. { 16 Bises , 1 Pauti. 0.02 , 55 ,, 1 Renu. *ś, e º b)—The Shal; Superficial Measure. % (3).—Liquid Measure. 491,520 Square Hats make 1 Dron. tº 30,720 33 35 , 1 Kani. The same as the Bazar weight. 1,520 53 33 , 1 Ganda. | 384 33 33 ,, 1 Kora. (4).-Land Measure, 128 55 33 , 1 Kanta. hataks make 1 Kath 21:32 s, , ,, 1 Danta. 16 Chhataks make at 18. 3-04 , 35 ,, 1 Dhuli. Y. 20 Kathas , 1 Bigha. '08 , 33 , 1 Renu, | Abałóri—See Abkárà. Abkaree—See Abkárà. Abkarry—See Abkárà. Aökary—See Abkárà. Adawſut—See Adálaţ. Adhkár—See Adhikārž. Adikari—See Adhikárà. Adžári–See Adhikāri. Adolee—See Adkoł. Adoly—See Adholſ. Agaram—See Agraharum. Agham—See Agrahan. Agraghrah—See Agraháram. Agraharamah—See Agraharum. Agraharamu-See Agraháram. Agraháravādai—See Agraharum. Agráram—See Agraharum. Aìnjamá—See Ain. Akur—See Aſkár. Amánattu-See Amánat. Amrå%—See Ambaráž. Amshom—See Ansam. Anamat—See Amanat. Anámatu–See Amânaţ. Annasatra—See Annach/afra. Aſoot—See Aſăţ. Aootbundee—See Autband. Aootputſ—See Aſipatti. Arj—See Arz. Arj%—See Arzi. Ashám-See Ahshöm. Auākaury—See Abkárà. Audicarei–See Adhikárà. Aumeen—See Amſn. Aumin—See Amſn. Ailti-See Avati. Awarja—See Awdrija. Awerja—See Awdrija. Awuzza—See Awdrija. Awwal—See Aval. Ayacut—See Ayakattu. Ayam—See Aya. Ayen—See Ain. Babtee—See Babati. JBabłż—See Babati. Bábu—See Báč. Babur—See Babul. Báchh—See Báchhá. JBadiga—See Badagi. JBagañt-See Bāghāyat. JBagáraft—See Begár. Bágáyat—See Baghayat. JBageer—See Bargir. Bahangy—See Bhangi. Baipári—See Beopáree. Bairaggie—See Bairagé. Bajar—See Bazar. JBóri–See Bájra. Baky—See Baki. JBallae—See Bálá. JBal/utay—See Baluta, JBalootee—See Baſuta. Balote- See Baluta. JBałoteſ. See Baſuten. SUPPLEMENT (A To M). Baloten—See Baluten. Balotyá—See Baluta. Balowtay—See Baſuta. Balute—See Baluta. Baluteh–See Baluteſ. JBalutyá—See Baluta. Bang—See Bhung. Bangy—See Bhangi. Banjári—See Banjárá. Banjaru—See Banjar. Banje—See Banjar. Banjſ,—See Banjar. Bánjur—See Banjar. Baqee—See Báki. Bargeer—See Bárgir. Barij–See Berij. Bariz—See Berij. Barnees—See Barnis. Bartanio—See Warfanio. Bastoband—See Bandobast. Batta—See Bhata, Bhatta. JBattu-See Bhat. Bauð—See Báb. Baublee—See Babati. Baugdar—See Bhagdar. Bázyáfti—See Baſyaft?. JBeega—See Bigha. Peegaſ-See Bigha, also Bigar. JBeegar—See Begór. Beegaraž—See Begór. Beegha-See Bigha. JBeeghari—See Bighati. Beegotee—See Bighałż. Beer—See Beed. Begah—See Bigha. JBegari—See Begár. Begari—See Bitti. Begehree—See Bighałł. JBenjary—See Banjara. Beriju-See Berij. Beriz—See Berij. Bełay—See Batai. Bett—See Betta. Bewdrasi-See Bewdris. Bhagdar?—See Bhagdaree. Bhāgādar-See Bhagdar. Bhainſ—See Bhet, Bhama!—See Bhauðháa. Bhárata—See Bhát. Phaten—See Bhata. Bhatróju—See Bhat. Bhatta—See Bhata. Bhattu-See Bhat. Bhatyamu –See Bhata. Bhent—See Bhet. JBhete—See Bhet. Bhoee—See Bho?. Bhoi-See Bhoee. Bhooda—See Bhºr. | Bhoodhee—See Bhudki. Błoor—See Bhur. Bhowlee—See Bhool;. *Bhoyee—See Bhoi. Bhud—See Bhur. JBhuda—See Bhur. JBhuduć—See Bhur. JBhugwuttee—See Bhāgāatáe. Bhung—See Bhang. Băwºgee—See Bhangi. I 8 ) J3%urfuneed—See Wartanto, Phuttye—See Batai. Bhutu—See Bhata. JBigar—See Begár. Bigári—See Begår. Iłighâoff—See Bighaţi. Bighari—See Bighałż. Bigharni–See Bighaţă. JBigiöaru–Sée Bigi. Bégihagga—See Bigi. Bigipatti—See Bigi. JBooda—See Bhur. JBotilla—See Bateſú. Brinjaree—See Banjara. Buôool—See Babu/. JBuboor—See Babú/. Budah—See Bhur. JBullaee—See Balai. JBullah—See Balla. Au/oota—See Baſuta. Bulooſee—See Balužá. JBu/looteh–See Baluža. Bu//offee—See Baluža. JBu!ooten—See Balužen. ISuloten—See Baluten. JBułowień-See Baluta. Bundh—See Bánd/. Pundobust—See Bandoffast. JBundur—See Bandar. bungalow—See Bangú. Bunjaree—See Banjara. Bunjary—See Banjara. |Bunjur—See Banjar. Burrud-See Barad. Burud—See Barad, Pułaee—See Batai. JBuffaee—See Batai. ISutta?—See Batai. Bułłaye—See Batai. Buttei –See Batai. Byapara—See Wyapara. Byragee—See Bairagá. JByraghee—See Bairagi. JB/wustah—See Wyavastha, J3/wuster—See Wyavsatha. C; Cabooſeat—See Kabuliyat. Callum—See Kalam. Candy—See Khand. Canongeo—See Kanungo. Canoongo—See Kanungo, Carbaree—See Karðari. Carcoom—See Karkun. Cauzee—See Ka2%. Cauzy—See Ka27. Cawney—See Kani. Cazi—See Kazà. Cháðrið–See Chážarić. Chaku–See Chak. Cham/ar—See Chamar. Chaprow—See Ch/appar. Charkſ,—See Charak. Chaught/a—See Chaughaſa. Chaugula—See Chaughala. Chaupar—See Chaupaſ. Chauthai—See Chauth. Chautº-See Chawati. Chawadi-See Chawati, Cheku–See Chak. Cheſ/au/,-See Chalan, Cherrals—See Charas, Chhapar—See Chhappar. C//affa—See Chhatr. Chhatar—See Chhatr. Chhatra—See Chhatr. C//uppºr—See Ch/appar. Chhuţr—See Chhatr. Cºhuára—See Chhatr. Cºhutur—See Chhatr. Chil/are—See Châl/ar. Chillaru–See Chi//ar. Chiſ/aum—See Chalan. Chiller—See Chi//a/. Chilre—See Chi//ar. Chilta—See Chillar. Chita—See Chittha. Chitnis—See Chiſnavis. Chitniss—See Chitnees. Châţţa—See Chittha. Chitty—See Seth. Chokee—See Chauki Chokeedar—See Chaukidar, Choky—See Chauki. Choléry—See Chawati. Chopeddi—See Chopdi. Chopper—See Ch/appar. Cho?—See Chauth. Choud/ºri-See Suſedposh. Chougullo–See Chaughala. Choukee—See Chauki, Chow/try—See Chavadi, also Chawaff. Chouff—See Chowłłaż, also Chautſ. C/outh—See Chauth, m Chowkeydar—See Chaukiday. Chow//—See Chauki. Chuck—See Chak, Chuk—See Chaft. Chuköundee—See Chałóand. Cºuſan–See Chalam. Chu/laun-See Chalam. Cºumar-See Chamar. Chunnam—See Chuna. Chupper—See Chhappar. Cºuppra—See Chhappar. Churee—See Chari. Cºurrée—See Chari. Churrus—See Charas. Chułłrum—See Satram. Côaſeh—See Qióa/a. Classie—See Khalasi. Coballa–See Qiba/a, Comaveesdar—See Kamavisdar. Combly—See Kamāa/a. Com/?—See Kamba/a. Com/ar—See Kam/ar. Coodeevarum—See Kudivaram. Coodumbon—See Kudava. Coo'ee—See Kuź. Coo/ºurny—See Kulkarani. Coombee—See Kunóź. Coomery—See Kumar. Coonby—See Kunóź. Coss—See Kos. Cow/—See Kau/. Cowle—See Kau/. Cubalaſ-See Kabulīyat. Cu//um—See Kaſam. Cumb//—See Kamba/a. Curnºm-See Karanum, also Karamamee. Cutcha—See Kachcha. Cutcherry—See Kachahri. Cutéean—See Khataumi, Cutty—See Kathi. Cutwa/—See Kotwal, l 9 ) D Jacoit—See Dakait. Daee—See Dai. Daispaundee—See Despande. JDakhil-kharij–See Kharāj-dakhil. Dakhla—See Dakha/a. Jalwa –See Daluva. Jamasai—See Damasahi. Damashai—See Damasahi. 1)anda—See Dand. Danubundee—See Danabandi. Dao—See Da. w Daphtardar—See Daftardar. JDarbar—See Durðar. Darkhast—See Darßwast. Jaroga—See Darogha. Jasłażwaj—See Dastawez. Jastavéju-See Dastawez. JDastawaj—See Dastawez. Dattráma—See Dattaka. JDau/—See Jou!. JDaum—See Dam. Jeewan–See Diwan. JDeostan—See Devasthana. Jesae—See Desai. Deshmooſºft-See Desmułż. IJesmook—See Desmukh. Jesmookh—See Desmukh. Jespandeah—See Despande. Lespandya—See Despande. Despondeah—See Despande. Despondee—See Despande. Dessye—See Desai. Deu!—See Deva/a. Devadayamu—See Devadaya, IJevadow—See Devadaya. Devadoyam—See Devadaya. Devadyen—See Devadaya. Deval—See Devala. Dewal—See Devala. Dewan–See Diwan. Dhaba—See Dhabe. Dhair—See Dher. Dharekari–See Dharakari. JDharmsala—See Dharmasala. JDhed—See Dher. JOheda—See Dher. Džekoodyat—See Dhekoodiaf. Dženp—See Dhepa. Dhep—See Dhepa. JOherh—See Dher. Dheyr—See Dher. JOhurkast—See Darkwast. JDhurmadow—See Dharmadao. Jhurumshala—See Dhurumsa//a. 1)irgast—See Darkwast. JOivalige—See Dipavali. Jivan—See Diwan. Joatasha—See Doasta. IJo!—See Da/. JDooma!/a—See Dumala. Duffadar—See Dafadar. Dufºur—See Daſtar. Duſturdar—See Duftardar. JDumaligaon—See Dumala. JDumree—See Damri. Jund—See Dand. JDunda—See Dand. Dung—See Dang. JJurðar—See Darðar. Durgaſ-See Dargaſ. JOurga st—See Darkwasí. , Dustawez—See Dastawez. E Ejar—See Ijara. Jºjara—See Ijara. Jºjarahdar—See Ijaradar. E/akeh–See Ilaka. Enam—See Imam. Enaum—See Imam. Ezqſa—See Izqſa. Ezafut—See Izafa. Ezaput-See Izafa. Ezara—See Ijara. F Palachas—See Phatechas. Farash—See Faras, also Farrasſ. Farigh-khuttee—See Farigh-khatti. Farihhu—See Farigh-khatti. Farughuttee—See Farigh-khatti. Fassily—See Fas/i. Firagh-khuttee—See Fariyā-kāatti. Fuqeer—See Fakir. Furash—See Farrash. Furnavees—See Pharnivasi. Furnees—See Pharnivasi. Fusſee—See Fasli. Pusly—See Fasli. Fussul-jasti-See Fasſ-jasti. Jºysuſ-teerwah–See Faisal-firwai, G Gaddi—See Gadż. Gairan—See Gayram. Gaſ—See Gaz. Gam—See Gram. Ganjha—See Ganja. Ganw—See Gram. Gao!ee—See Gau/. Gaon—See Gram. Gaoton—See Gaonthan. Garce—See Garisa, Gari—See Gadż. Gałkull—See Gatkul. Gauda—See Gaud. Gaum—See Gram. Gaur—See Gaud. Gaut—See Ghat. Gavuda—See Gaud. Geregadu—See Gerekadu. Ghaut—See Ghat. - Ghee—See Ghº. Ghera—See Gher. G/ºut/oo!—See Gałąż. Gol/adu—See Golla. Gol/ar—See Golla. Gol/aru–See Golla. Go//avadu—See Gol/a. Gol/avand/u—See Golla. Gomasta—See Gumashta. Gomastha—See Gumashta. Goolee—See Gul?. Goonta—See Gunía. Gooshwarak-See Goshwara. Gosëara—See Goshwara. Gosera—See Goshwara. Goshuara—See Goshwara. Goshupara—See Goshwara, Z 8 ( 130 ) Goshwara-Khatalini-See Khataumi. Goswara—See Goshwara. Gowda—See Gaud. Gowdo—See Gaud. Graha—See Gram. Granaſyolishi—See Gramjoshi. Gramam—See Gram, Grahamu-See Gram. Grandebta—See Gramadevaſa. Grandeo—See Gramadevaſa. Guddee—See Gadż. Guj-See Guz. Gu//ee—See Gal/. Gunj—See Ganj. Gunja—See Gunj. Gunje-See Ganj, also Gunj. Gunji—See Gunj. Gunnacharee—See Ganachari. Gumasia—See Gumashta. Gºtrao—See Gurav. Gurava—See Gurav. Gu'row—See Gurav. Guz—See Gaz, H Haekićut—See Hakikaz. Haddaka—See Hari. Hadža—See Hari. Hajam—See Hajjam. Bajir-2amin—See Hazir-2amin. Flah—See Haß. Hakam—See Hakim. Hapkto—See Hapta. Haqeequi-See Hakikat, Harðare—See Chana. Harika—See Hari. Harraka—See Hari. Flasalu—See Hasiſ. Hashám—See Ashám. Hałż—See Hat. flatta—See Hath. Haut—See Hath. Havildar—See Hava/day. Havildar—See Hawa/adar. Hawa/dar—See Hawaladar, Hazur-See Huzur. Héjam—See Hajjam. Hisédar—See Hissadar. Hoſeyanu-See Hoſiya, Holeyaru–See Ho/āya. Hoſeyer—See Holiya. Holleeroo—See Holiya, Hoondee—See Hund. Hoondy—See Hundi. Hoozoor—See Huzur. Hudjam—See Hajjam. Hudolee—See Hado/a. Hug—See Haß. Hugdar—See Hakdar, Flujan–See Hojjam. Huk—See Haß. Hupfee—See Hapta. Hug—See Haß. Huqdar—See Hakdar, FIuth—See Hat. Huzoor—See Huzur. Ijap/a—See Izafa. Iſaphat—See Izafa. 47%aſ-ſama—See Izafat jama. Iſardar—See Ijaradar. Ilakha-See Ilaka, Iſakſe—See Iſaka. Iſambadi-See Lambadi. Imamöara/-See Imamöara. Ishtiyara—See Ishtihar, Isfahar—See Ishtihar. Istihar—See Ishtihar. Isti/aru–See Ishtihar. Izafat-See Izafa. Izara—See Ijara. Jabłº-See Załż. Jaegheer—See Jagir. Jaft—See Zabá. Jagheer—See Jagir. Jaghire—See Jagir. Jagla—See Jagalya. Jagli–See Jagaſyi. Jahagir—See Jagir. Jahgir—See Jagir. Jaigăr—See Jagir. Jakali-See Jakat, Jakayat-See Jakat. Jame—See Jama. Jami—See Zamin. Jamidar—See Zamāndar. Jamin—See Zamin. Jamindar—See Zamāndar. Jamindari—See Zamāndari. Jamma—See Jama. Janana—See Zanana. Jatara—See Jatra, Jaffra—See Yatra. Japti-See Załłł. Jawari—See Jawar, also Jawara. Jematdar—See Jamadar. Jemidar—See Jamadar. J%adata—See J%adt. J/aditi—See Jhadā. J/arti-See Jhadº. J/erſee—See Jhadº. J%udtee—See Jhadā. Jiraff—See Jirait. Jirayat—See Jirait. Jörayati-See Jiraiti. Joar—See Jawar. Jowar—See Jawar. Jumadar—See Jamadar. Jumma—See Jama. ſummadakulu—See Jammogora. J/mmadareita—See Jammajara, Jungle—See Jangal. Jungu/—See Janga/. Junri–See Jundri. Juwar—See Jawar. Juwaree—See Jawara. Juwaru–See Jawara. K. Kabala—See Qibala. Kadooleat—See Kabuliya/, Kabulat-See Kałużyat. Aſadulayat-See Kabuliyat. Kacha—See Kachcha. Kachell—See Kachahri. Kacher?—See Kachahr. Rach/aſari—See Kachahri. Racłkari-See Kachahri. ( 131 ) Kachi—See Kachcha. Kacho-See Kachcha. Radale—See Kad/e. Kadimi–See Kadim. Raipāiyat-See Kaifiyat. Kaji—See Kazi. ſalame Aſºki—See Aſº. Ralar—See Kalal. Kalla!—See Kala/. f(0/mi–See Kunóź. Kalwar—See Ka/a/. Kamaisi—See Kamavisdar. f(amasdar—See Kamavisdar. Aamatagarantſ—See Kamatagadu. Rambal—See Kambala. Kambali—See Kamóa/a. ſamiſ–See Kamal. Aam!—See Kamóala. Ram/?—See Kambaſa. Kamuſ—See Kama/. Ramói-See Kunóź. Kano0ngo—See Kanungo. Ranungo—See Cano0ngoe. Kar—See Karu. Åara—See Kar. Åarabdee—See Karaödo. Aaranam—See Karanamu. Aaranika—See Karanamu, Karðhari—See Karbari. Karói-See Karła. Aarconna—See Karkhana. Karkanna—See Karāhana. f{ar}oom—See Karkun. Aarham—See Karanam/. Kartana Aſºki—See A//i. Karu–See Khar. Kasuba—See Kasſa. Ratabe—See Katha. Aatape—See Katóa. Kataon?—See Khatail/li. Rºatavan?—See Khafawni. Aaucha—See Kachcha. Kaulu—See Kau/. Aawmil—See Kamal. Rawalgar—See Kavaſkar. Kavalkaran–See Kavalkar. JCavu/—See Kaul. Raoulu—See Kaul. JCazi—See Cazi. Kazy—See Kazi. Kembatti—See Akki. Rhalita—See Kharita. f{/a/sa—See Khalisa. ſhanbahadur—See Khansaſº. Khandi—See Khandaga. Rhamesumari—See Khanashumari. ſhamisumari—See Khanashumari. Khankah—See Khangah. Kharach—See Kharch. Rharar—See Kharwar. ſharcha—See Kharch. ſharchu—See Kharch. Kharijaz Siaha—See Bahi Waz Khám. Rharip—See Kharif. ſhariph—See Kharif. Kharj-See Kharch. Aharjamin—Kharjameen. R harvun-See Kharvan. Kharwan–See Kharvan. Khataoni—See Khatawn?. f(hatawani—See Khafaunā. Rhałóat—See Khetbaht, ſhafen-See Khata, Khatiownee—See Khataumi. Khałęyan—See Khatawn?. Khatiyani—See Khatauni, Rhatu-See Khata. Kheraj—See Kharaj. Khereeſ-See Kharīf. Kher/aut—See Khairat. Rhetbat—See Khetbant. Rheteewadee—See Kſhetee. Rºhiraj—See Kharaj. Rhârch—See Kharcſ. Khist—See Kist. Rhot—See Khota. Rhurch—See Kharch. Khurchee—See Kharch. Khureeſ—See Kharif. Khureefa-See Kharita. A/w/-See Kharch. Khusra—See Khasra. Åhutaonee—See Khatauni. Khuteonee—See Khatawn?. Khuteoni—See Khatawn?. K//rat—See Khajrat. Kióala—See Qibala. Kichchidi–See Khichri. Killadar—See Ki/a. Jölledar—See Ki/a. Kiramam-See Gram. Kirko!—See Kirku!. Kisakki—See Akki. Kisti—See Kist. Rīsāāand;—See Kistóandi. Kistibundee—See Kistóandi. Ristº-See Kist. Rºsłuband?—See Kistbandi. Kolkaran–See Kolkar. JCollee—See Ko!. ſoluga—See Koſaga. Koſukar—See Kolkar. Romashdar—See Kamavisdar. Romaveesdar—See Kamavisdar. Romisdar—See Kamavisdar. Rondi—See Komagee. Rooddup—See Kudava. Kooſa—See Ku//a. JCooli—See Ko!. Rooſkurmain—See Kulkarani. Koo!ºurny—See Kulkaraná. ſoo/war—See Ku/war. Rosło-See Koséeo. Kosri—See Kosra. Kotha-See Koth. Rothſ; santh—See Kothlee Santh. Roul—See Kaul. JCow/–See Kau/. Kshar—See Khar. Rubbaleh-See Qibala. Rucha –See Kachcha. Ruchcha—See Kachcha. Ruchuhree—See Kachahri. Ru/amóż–See Kunóż. Rulavarupatte—See Kulavaruchitte. Åuli—See Ko!. Rułkarani Sanabhoga—See Samabhoga. Kulkarni–See Kulkarnee, also Kulkaranž. Kułżurny—See Kulkaraní. Rulva—See Kulava. Kumaldhur—See Kamaldhara. Rumar—See Kumbhakara. Kumbar—See Kumbhakara. Kumbhakar—See Kumbhakara. Rumâhar—See Kumbhakara. Kumāī—See Kunół. ( 32 ) i fºumöuſ—See Kambala. f(um/ar—See Kumbhakara, Kummar-See Kumbhakara. ſummaravadu-See Kumbhakara, Kummari—See Kumbhakara, A undee—See Khandź. Åum/ur—See Kankar. Kunwar—See Kumari. Kur—See Kar. Rurava—See Kudava. Kurnik-See Karanamu, fºurſeſ.—See Kharch. fºurthī—See Kurthe, Kusaſaż–See Aſhi, Ausa/asanºvaži-See Aść. Rusum—See Kusumbha. f(usumba-See Kusumbha. Kusur—See Kasar. Aztfamºnnee—See Khabauni, Kutcha—See Kachcha. Kułłeeanee—See Khataumi. Rutlownee—See Khatauui. K/ee/uſ-See Kaifiyat. K///ut—See Kaifiyat. L Fakhirajdor—See Milićdar. Jambaſſie—See Lambadi. Lamban—See Lambadi. Lamban?—See Lambadi. Jambara—See Lambadi. Jangota—See Langot. Langot?—See Langot. Jaum—See Lavani. lattººe—See Lavan Ž. Jauni-See Lavani. Lavane—See Lavan?. La/k/a-See Lay-ſºnee. Jomba//ie—See Lambad. Jombardie—See Lambadi. floot—See Lut. Lowne—See Lavan?. Lownee—See Lavani. Lownee putritek—See Lawani patra/. ſalmöerdar—See Wumberſlar. Lumburdar—See Lumbardar. fºungot—See Langot. y; Maqfee—See Muaft. Maaffee—See Muaft. Maaſie—See Muaft. Maa/—See Maha/. Maar—See Mar. Maffee—See Muaft. Mahajan–See Mahajana. Mahajanam—See Mahajana. Ma/a/ Sadiriparid—See Sadilwarid. Mahana—See Man. Mah/y—See Muaft. Mah!—See Maha/. Mahwa–See Mahua. Ma/2urnama–See Mu/agirnama. Majkuri—See Mazkuri. Majmudar—See Majmuddar. Majra—See Mazra. Majumdar—See Majmuadar. Maładam—See Mukaddam. Makhta—See Mažňa. Ma/—See Mahal. Malak—See Ma/ī/. Małgoozar—See Malyugar, Ma/gujar—See Malguzar. Mali/%—See Aſa/4. Malugujarat—See Malguzay, Mamlaídar—See Mam/edar. Mamuli—See Ilſamul, Mandwa—See Mandum. Manugu–See Mail. Manuary—See Manawari. Mapſi—See Muaft. Mapſºidar—See Muaftdar. Mari—See Marangi. Marua–See Mindwa. Masa—See Masha. Maud—See Mahua. Mauja—See Ilſauga. Mauje—See Mauza. Mauji—See Mauza. Malºnd—See Man. l/ai/p/ee—See Muaft. Mavuje—See Mauza. Mehajin–See Mahajana. Me/au/–See Ma/a/. Mehton—See Mehta. Menaſ—See Mana/. Mendhi-See Memr/i. Menon—See Menapam. Mercaſ—See Mara/#a/, Merh–See Mend. Mestri–See Mistri. M%al—See Maha/. M/ao—See Mažar. Mhar—See Mahar. MŽer—See Mahar. M/otarap/a—See Muhtaraſa. M%owra—See Mohoda. Minſai—See Minha. Min//e—See Minha. Mirasi–See Miras. Mirasidar—See Mirasdar. Măraşidaran–See Mirasdar. Mirasidarudu—See Mirasdar. Mirasu-See Miras. Moeasalſ—See Muk/asa. Mocassa—See Muſhasa. Mocuddim—See Mu/addam. Mofussil—See Mufassal. Mogalai–See Mogh/ai. Mog/ai-See Mogh/ai. Mogulae—See Mog//ań. Mogul/a/e—See Mog//ai. Mo/au/–See Ma/a/. Mo/soo!—See Mahsu/. Mohtarap/a—See Muhtaráža. Moſtereſa—See Mu/taraya. Mohterſa—See Muhtaraja. Moháurp/a—See Muhtarayå. Moſturupa-See Muhtaraſu. Mokasa—See Muſhasa. Mokasdar—See Mokasadar. Mokassa—See Mu//asa. Moſhasa—See Muſhasa. Moſºta—See Makta. Mołuddum—See Mukaddam, Moſavi-See Maulavi. Molly-–See Mali. Monegar—See Maniyakaran, Mooch?//a-See Mucha/ka. Moochºl/ka—See Mucha/Ča. Mooſºfar-See Mu///ar, ( 33 ) I Mook!?/ar—See Muk/far. Moo/vy—See Maulavi. Moonsiff —See Munsif. Mooshaira—See Musha/ira. Mootah—See Muththa. Mootsuddy—See Mutasaddź. Morah—See Mudi. Moray—See Mudź. Mosſaira—See Mushahāra. Moffa—See Moţ. Motaherfa—See Muhtaraſa. Motarapha-See Muhtarafa. Moţarappa–See Muhtaraſa. Moču-See Moţ. Moțusthal—See Motasthal. Mow—See Ma/ar. Moyenzötah—See Muainzaúita. Muaft—See Maaft. Mucſºch?!?/a-See Muchałka. Muda—See Mud. JMuff—See Mung. Mugadum—See Mukaddam. Muff//al-See Moff//ai. Muſſa–See Ma//a. p Mu/ajun-See Ma/aſana. Muhsoo!—See Maſsu/. Mu/u/—See Ma/a/. Mujara—See Mujra. Mujmudar—See Majmuadar. Mukasa—See Mukhasa. Mukałła—See Makta. Mukhteear—See Mukhtar. Mu//t/ar—See Mukhtar. Mu/hi/arnama—See Mukhſarmama. Mulgar—See Mulagar. Muſ2–See Man. Muraſ.-See Mud. Musahira—See Mushahira. Musara—See Mushahira. Muscoory—See Mazkuri. Musſaira—See Mushahira, Mushkoree—See Mazkuri. Mushti-See Musſºff. Musſºoree—See Mazkur?. Mustajari—See Mustajir, Mustajaru—See Mustajir. Muta/-See Muž///a. Muth—See Mught. Muţseddy—See Mutasaddź. Mu//aseddee—See Mufasaddº, Muffa—See Muſhtha. Mutth?—See Musht. 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