LIBRARY 
 
 (iF THE 
 
 Theological Seminary. 
 
 PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
 ^.^^^ BX 5199 .F8 R87 1844 
 
 Russell, Arthur Tozer, 1806 
 
 Sy. 1874. 
 
 Memorials of the life and 
 works of. Thoma.c; .JELull ftr . D 
 
 A DONATIO N 
 
 I'lfttibcb 
 
 1 I 
 
£^emonal0 
 
 OF THE LIFE AND WORKS OF 
 THOMAS FULLER D.D. 
 
if^lemorialB 
 
 OF THE LIFE WORKS 
 THOMAS FULLER D.D. 
 
 LONDON 
 WILLIAM PICKERING 
 1844 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Chapter Paee 
 
 I. Dr. Fuller's Father and liis Friends ... 1 
 
 II. Dr. Fuller's Friends at the University . . 20 
 
 III. Dr. Fuller's preaching at Cambridge ... 43 
 
 IV. Dr. Fuller removes to Broad-Windsor . . 63 
 V. The Convocation of 1640 71 
 
 VI. Fuller's Joseph's Parti-coloured Coat ... 80 
 
 VII. Fuller at the Savoy 1{.9 
 
 VIII. Fast Sermon 1642 — Accession Sermon 1613 123 
 IX. Dr. Fuller at Oxford and Exeter. He writes 
 his ' Cause and Cure of a Wounded Con- 
 science' 134 
 
 X. Fuller preferred to Waltham Abbey. — His 
 
 Pisgah-Sight 162 
 
 XI. Fuller's Abel Redivivus 180 
 
 XII. Fuller's Infant's Advocate 187 
 
 XIII. Fuller's Triple Reconciler 206 
 
 XIV. Fuller's Church History of Britain . . . 234 
 XV. Fuller's Church History of Britain . . . 243 
 
 XVI. Fuller's Church History of Britain ... 257 
 
 XVII. Fuller's Church History of Britain . . . 273 
 
 XVIII. From 1656 to the Restoration 282 
 
 XIX. Our Author's last illness and death . . . 294 
 
Digitized by 
 
 the Internet Arcliive 
 
 
 in 2015 
 
 
 
 littps://arcliive.org/details/nnemorialsoflifewOOruss_0 
 
TO FRANCIS PYM, ESQ. 
 
 OF THE HASELLS, BIGGLESWADE. 
 
 My Dear Sir, 
 
 X looking round for a patron of these, 
 ray imperfect endeavours to collect 
 some notices of one of the most 
 honest and laborious authors of the 
 seventeenth century, I could find 
 none more suited for this friendly office than your- 
 self. A lover of moderation, and marked by a 
 course of integrity, alas, too rare in this divided 
 and unhappy period, you will here find some traces 
 of a congenial spirit, in one who lived but to ad- 
 vance the interests of truth and goodness, and to 
 commend piety by a life of cheerfulness and con- 
 tentment. 
 
 In the comparative state of the theology of the 
 two periods, it is allowed on all hands, that a great 
 
viii DEDICATION. 
 
 similarity exists between the times of Dr. Fuller 
 and our own. The same extremes are observable, 
 and unhappily, the same aversion to profit from 
 experience, and to reduce all things to the only un- 
 erring standard, the rules of the New Testament ; 
 those rules, which, whilst they give but an outline 
 of ecclesiastical discipline, are sufficiently copious 
 in enforcing the Christian spirit, and thus pointing 
 out the true and only apostolic means of securing 
 the spiritual unity of the church. 
 
 In these pages may be seen the true Via Media 
 between Popery and Puritanism, exemplified in the 
 life of one who was acknowledged and respected by 
 Bishops Hacket and Hall, Morton and Gunning ; 
 and who continued the same through good report, 
 and through evil report, representing to the last, 
 the school of Hooker, rather, the original party 
 and state of the Church of England, as established 
 under the auspices of Queen Elizabeth. That state 
 has long since passed away, but if ever our Church 
 shall recover its former greatness and strength, it 
 will be in an age in which not Laud but Hooker, not 
 Heylyn but Fuller, will be regarded as the faithful 
 representatives of the English Church-system. 
 
 All false principles are doomed to work them- 
 selves out, and to end in dishonour and oblivion. 
 Thus the present generation may live in assured 
 hope of a period that shall revive the Catholicity 
 
.DEDICATION. ix 
 
 of an uncorrupt Christianity, and that shall unite 
 the scattered remains of truth in one body as it 
 existed in the Apostolic age ; and array it in such 
 a vesture of external discipline as may best suit 
 with the altered circumstances of the period to which 
 it shall give a name. 
 
 It may be, that the development of truth re- 
 quired those late developments of error which have, 
 under colour of restoring catholicity, rent our age 
 with the most effectual of all divisions, those which 
 neither assume an external form, nor result in open 
 separation. 
 
 In such a period as the present, a period of theo- 
 logical and ecclesiastical transition, it seemed best 
 to accord with my duty as a servant of the Lord 
 and of his church, not to confine myself too closely 
 to antiquarian and biographical detail, but to glance 
 at least, at whatsoever topics could profitably con- 
 nect the memorials of the past with the events of 
 the present times. 
 
 This must be my apology for an occasional ex- 
 cursus ; an apology, which I cannot, indeed, expect 
 all who may look into these pages to accept ; but 
 my object has been, to write in the character not 
 merely of the biographer, but of the divine. Those 
 who can appreciate the motive, will rest satisfied 
 with the apology. 
 
 That you, my dear Sir, may long enjoy that do- 
 
X DEDICATION. 
 
 mestic happiness by which yon are so eminently 
 distinguished amongst your neighbours, and that 
 you may be spared to bless your generation by a 
 long continued course of public usefulness, is the 
 hearty desire and prayer of your 
 
 Very grateful friend and servant, 
 
 Arthur T. Russell. 
 
 Vicarage, Caxton. 
 February 17th, 1844. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 N preparing the following Me- 
 morials the Author has at various 
 I intervals resumed his inquiries 
 I through the space of three years, 
 during which period he has been indebted to 
 the kindness of the Reverend Dr. Words- 
 worth, late Master of Trinity College ; of Dr. 
 Phelps, Master of Sidney Sussex College ; 
 Dr. King, President of Queen's College ; Mr. 
 Romilly, the University Registrar ; his worthy 
 friends, Mr. PhiUips, Fellow and Tutor of 
 Queen's College, and Mr. Bunch, Fellow of 
 Emmanuel College, Cambridge ; also to the 
 kindness of his friends the Rev. C. Gorham, 
 formerly of Queen's College, now of Fawley, 
 near Henley upon Thames ; of the Rev. Thomas 
 
xii INTRODUCTION, 
 Hartwell Home ; and also to Mr. Baker the 
 Historian of Northamptonshire ; to Mr. Coul- 
 cher, the Incumbent of St. Benet's, Cam- 
 bridge; to Mr. Denison, Rector of Broad 
 Windsor, Dorset; to Mr. Wall, Curate of 
 Feltham, Middlesex ; to Mr. Pickering, the 
 Publisher ; and for the letters from Bishop 
 Davenant to Dr. Ward, he is indebted to 
 Mr. Brewer, of Queen's College, Oxford, the 
 editor of Bishop Goodman's Autobiography, 
 who kindly transcribed them from the ample 
 stores of the Bodleian Library. 
 
MEMORIALS OF THOMAS FULLER. 
 
 CHAPTER L 
 
 Dr. Fuller s Father and his Friends. 
 
 T was to be expected that the age 
 which has revived so many of Dr. 
 I Fuller's works, should also be curious 
 to know more of himself. These 
 notices, such as they are, will at 
 least unfold more of his character, and will tend to 
 confirm that reputation which his integrity, bene- 
 volence, indefatigable industry, and cheerful piety, 
 long since acquired for him. The mention of his 
 numerous friends here briefly memorialized may 
 faciUtate further investigation ; and may, perad- 
 venture, furnish hints for the elucidation of other 
 topics than those which bear especial relation to our 
 author. If indeed, anywhere, the minutest details 
 are interesting, it is in biography, by which we 
 form, as it were, friendships w^th the dead ; and to 
 friendship nothing is unimportant that regards the 
 objects of it. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Fuller, the laborious antiquary and 
 
2 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 church-historian, was born at Aldwinckle, St. Peter's, 
 (between Thrapston and Oundle,) in 1608, and bap- 
 tized on the 19th of June that same year, being the 
 elder of the two sons of Thomas Fuller, B.D. Rector 
 of St. Peter's, Aldwinckle, Prebendary of Sarum, 
 and sometime Fellow of Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 Of his birth-place. Dr. Fuller in his 3Ii^t Con- 
 templations, observes, " God in his providence fixed 
 my nativity in a remarkable place. I was born at 
 Aldwinckle, in Northamptonshire, where my father 
 was the painful preacher of St. Peter's. 
 
 This village was distanced one good mile west 
 from Achurch, where Mr. Brown founder of the 
 Brownists did dwell, whom, out of curiosity, when a 
 youth, I often visited. It was likewise a mile and a 
 half distant east from Lavenden,* where Francis 
 Tresham, Esquire, so active in the Gunpowder 
 Treason, had a large demesne and ancient habita- 
 tion. 
 
 " My nativity may mind me of moderation, whose 
 cradle was rocked betwixt two rocks. Now, seeing 
 I was never such a churl as to desire to eat my 
 morsel alone, let such who like my prayer join with 
 me therein. 
 
 " ' God grant we may hit the golden mean, and 
 endeavour to avoid all extremes ; the fanatic Ana- 
 
 * Liveden, a manor house in a wood. Itstood in the parisli 
 of St. Peter's, Aldwinckle, and formed part of a hamlet of 
 four houses in as many parishes ; Aldwinckle St. Peter's, 
 Brigstock, Pilton, and Oundle. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.B. 3 
 
 baptist on the one side, and the fiery zeal of the 
 Jesuit on the other, that so we may be true Protes- 
 tants, or, which is a far better name, real Christians 
 indeed.' " * 
 
 The villages of Aldwinckle, St. Peter's, and All 
 Saints, stand upon a gentle slope, south of the River 
 Nene, which winds northward between rich pastures 
 and well wooded fields to the right, and the pic- 
 turesque and diversified acclivities to the left, upon 
 which stand the village and church of Wadenhoe. 
 The spire of Achurch rising out of the thick trees 
 is seen on the east side of the river. 
 
 The church of Thorpe Achurch consists of a body, 
 chancel, and two cross aisles. Some of the windows 
 present specimens of simple flowing or decorated 
 tracery ; others are entirely plain. The spire f is 
 of the earlier kind, as is that of the neighbouring 
 church of Thrapston. The rectory is a very spacious 
 and venerable gabled pile, and the views from the 
 
 * Fuller's Good Thoughts in Bad Times, S<^c. Pickering, 
 1841, p. 254. Of the Tresha?ns,see a notice in his Ch. Hist, 
 b. vi. p. 360. 
 
 t There are several fine spires in this county as atOundle, 
 WelUngborough, Thrapston, Kettering, Kingsthorpe, Hig- 
 liam Ferrars, Denford, Aldwinckle St. Peter's, and many 
 others. Hence Dr. Fuller's observation upon Northampton- 
 shire in his British Worthies, " It is as fruitful and populous 
 as any in England, insomuch, that sixteen several towns with 
 their churches have at one view been discovered therein by 
 my eyes, which I confess none of the best; and God grant 
 that those who are sharper-sighted may hereafter never see 
 fewer !" he adds in a note " other men have discovered two 
 and thirty." 
 
4 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 grounds adjacent, owing to the unevenness and park- 
 like character of the immediate vicinage, are ex- 
 tremely picturesque. 
 
 Between these villages and Thrapston stand the 
 Aldwinckles, All Saints to the east, and St. Peter's 
 to the west. In the rectory of All Saints was born 
 the famous Dryden. The church has been far hand- 
 somer than it now is, the chancel roof having been 
 lowered, and the finely decorated head of the east 
 window filled up, and in the interior cut off from 
 sight. With the too common tastelessness of our 
 rural churchwardens, the arches of the nave have 
 been yellow-washed. It has also had the misfortune 
 of being meanly re-pewed. In the windows are some 
 panes painted with clusters of the vine, a very com- 
 mon device in the later period of painting in glass, 
 and lately adopted throughout the nave and aisles of 
 Cockayne Hatley Church, in the county of Bedford. 
 At the end of the south aisle is a chantry-chapel, 
 entered by a very acute arch from the aisle. Its east 
 window is a very elegant union of the decorated and 
 the perpendicular style. The piscina in this chapel 
 is ogeed and embattled, much like that in the chan- 
 cel of Great Gransden. * 
 
 Fuller in his History of Abbies, contained in his 
 Church History, f says of this chapel at Ald- 
 
 * In Pluntingdonshire. Amongst the former vicars of 
 Great Gransden, was the Rev. Barnabas Oley, also Arch- 
 deacon of Ely, the friend of George Herbert, and the editor 
 of his Poems and Remains. 
 
 t B. vi. p. 357. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 5 
 
 winckle, " the village of my nativity, a chantry in 
 the parish church of All Saints was endowed with 
 house and land for a priest at the cost of Sir John 
 Aldwinkle, Knight, about the reign of King Henry 
 the Sixth. " * Of this Church, Dr. Haweis, one of 
 the first promoters of the London JNIissionary So- 
 ciety, was for some years incumbent. The tower 
 is a very beautiful composition of the fifteenth cen- 
 tury, and in a purer style than the more imposing 
 one of Titchmarsh,seen on an eminence to the south- 
 east. 
 
 The Church of St. Peter's carries with it a more 
 venerable air, and has sufiered less injury. It has 
 a spacious chancel lighted with long and well deco- 
 rated windows, with a very large east window of five 
 principal compartments, and many smaller above. 
 Under an altar-tomb on the south-east side is buried 
 Margaret Davenant, sometime wife of John Dave- 
 nant, Esq. citizen of London. She departed this 
 life March 30, 1613. 
 
 Upon the tomb is the following epitaph : 
 
 Many and happy years I lived a wife. 
 Fruitful in children, more in godly life. 
 And many years in widowhood I past, 
 Until to heaven I wedded was at last : 
 In wedlock, children, widowhood ever blest, 
 But most in death, for now with God I rest. 
 
 This Margaret was daughter and co-heir of John 
 Clerke, of Farnham, in Surrey ; her husband John 
 
 * In the chancel is a brass to William Aldwinkle, Knt. 
 August 28, 1463. 
 
6 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Davenant, descended of the ancient family of that 
 name, settled at Sible Heding'ham, Essex, as early 
 as the reign of Henry the Third, was the second 
 son of WiUiam Davenant, and Joan, daughter of 
 John Tryer, of Clare, in Suffolk. He was a mer- 
 chant tailor, lived in Watling Street, London, and 
 acquired a vast estate. By his wife, Margaret, he 
 had two daughters, Judith, wife of Thomas Fuller, 
 the father of the celebrated author, and Margaret, 
 wife of Dr. Robert Tounson, Bishop of Salisbury. 
 
 He had also by the same Margaret, four sons, 
 Edward the eldest, that married Anne, daughter of 
 John Symmes, of London, and by her had two 
 sons, Edward Davenant, D. D. whose wife was 
 daughter of Hugh Grove, of Wilts ; secondly, Dr. 
 John Davenant, successor to his brother-in-law Dr. 
 Tounson, in the see of Salisbury ; thirdly, Wilham 
 Davenant, that married Ursula, daughter of Lisle 
 Cave,* of Leicestershire ; and fourthly, James Dave- 
 nant.f 
 
 Mrs. Gierke, Fuller's great-grandmother by his 
 mother's side, was housekeeper to Bishop Gardiner, 
 at Farnham, who " grateful for her attentive cour- 
 tesies, connived at her heresy, as he called it, and 
 protected her from the ill will of others." J 
 
 * Ursula, daughter of Lisle Cave, of Horsepool Grange, 
 in the parish of Thornton, fifth son of Dr. Francis Cave, of 
 Bagrave, Leicestershire, where that family was settled in 
 the reign of Queen Mary. — Nichols' Leicestershire, vol. iii. 
 part 1, pp. 288, 293. 
 
 t Thomas Baker's MSS, Univ. Library, Cambridge. 
 
 t Fuller's Ch. Hist. b. viii. p. 17. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 7 
 
 The old rectory of St. Peter's, Aldwinckle, stood 
 upon the glebe north-west of the Church, was 
 taken down about forty years since, and never 
 rebuilt. 
 
 Our author's father, Thomas Fuller, was ad- 
 mitted to a scholarship in Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge, in 1386, but the day and month are not 
 recorded. He was admitted of that foundation 
 probably in 1383. Here he was cotemporary with 
 the celebrated orientalist, William Alabaster, w^ho 
 was admitted to a scholarship before him, on May 
 13th, 1384. Fuller and Alabaster proceeded to 
 the degrees of B. A. and M. A. in the same years 
 respectively, 1387 and 1391. On the 2nd of 
 October, 1389, they were together admitted minor, 
 and on the 12th of March, 1390, major Fellows. 
 Fuller was resident in college in 1393 and 1394, 
 for on the 2nd of October, 1393, he was sw^orn 
 secundus lector. He never filled any other office, 
 and therefore doubtless did not reside after 1394. 
 He proceeded to the degree of B. D. 1398.* 
 
 Fuller, in his British Worthies,\ relates that 
 his father was present in the bachelor's schools 
 when a Greek Act was kept between Francis Dil- 
 
 * For the above particulars relating to Fuller and Ala- 
 baster whilst at Trinity College, the author is indebted to 
 the kindness of Dr. Wordsworth, the late highly respected 
 Master of that College, and to the Rev. J. Romilly, Uni- 
 versity Registrar. 
 
 + Of Alabaster, see the Biog. Britannica, and a shorter 
 notice in Chalmers. Dillingham was a diligent writer both 
 of practical and controversial divinity. He collected out of 
 
8 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 lingham, Fellow of Christ College, and Alabaster ; 
 " a disputation so famous that it served for an sera 
 or epocha for the scholars in that age thence to 
 date their seniority." Dillingham was one of the 
 translators of the Bible, and was richly beneficed at 
 Wilden, a small village five miles north-east of 
 Bedford, prettily situated in a rather woody country 
 to the south of Colmworth. He died at Wilden 
 unmarried, and left his estate to his brother Tho- 
 mas, who was chosen one of the Assembly of Di- 
 vines, but did not appear amongst them. He was 
 the humble, faithful and painful pastor of Dean, 
 the birthplace of the two brothers, a village near 
 Kimbolton, and one of the most sequestered and 
 picturesque in the pleasant county of Bedford. 
 
 Fuller, in his ' Holy State,' records the venera- 
 tion in which his father held the learning of the 
 renowned Whitaker, who may indeed be called the 
 * Jewel' of Cambridge. Like that incomparable 
 champion of the Church of England, he honoured 
 
 Bellarmine that subtle author's admissions in favour of 
 Protestantism. He put forth a Manual of the Christian 
 Faith, taken from the Fathers ; a Dissertation on the His- 
 tory of Pope Joan ; a Refutation of Dr. Hill, the Romanist, 
 who was also answered by Archbishop Abbot ; and several 
 other treatises that may be seen in Watts' Bibliotheca, and 
 in the Catalogue of the University Library, Cambridge. 
 
 Theophilus, the son of his brother J'homas, was bom at 
 Over Dean, was educated at the Grammar School, Bedford, 
 was seven years at Emmanuel College, and admitted of 
 Sidney Sussex College, on the 1st of March, 1 637-8. • 
 
 > Baker's MSS. Brit. Mus. vol. xi. p. 3.56. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 9 
 
 the Fathers without servility, avoiding both ex- 
 tremes, that of such as trust in their interpretations 
 as binding, and that of such as erroneously conceive 
 that they cannot be sound or safe Protestants with- 
 out disparaging their worth. The like moderation 
 is exemplified in our author's ' Truth maintained,' 
 being the defence of his sermon on ' Reformation.' 
 * We have the benefit of the Fathers' books, a mighty 
 advantage, if we were as careful to use it, as we are 
 ready to brag of it for our own credit. And here 
 I must complain of many men's laziness. Indeed 
 a learned man (Holcot) compareth such as live in 
 the latter times in respect of the Fathers to dwarfs 
 standing on giants' shoulders. But then, if we will 
 have profit by the Fathers' learning, we must take 
 pains to mount to the top of their shoulders. But 
 if, like idle dwarfs, we still do but stand on the 
 ground, our heads will not reach to their girdles. 
 It is not enough to throw the books of the Fathers 
 together on an heap, and then, making their works 
 our footstool, to stand on the outside and covers of 
 them, as if it were no more but up and ride, 
 boasting how far we behold beyond them. No, if 
 we expect to get advantage by their writings, we 
 must open their books, read, understand, compare, 
 digest, and meditate them. And I am afraid many 
 that least look into the Fathers, boast most that 
 they look beyond them. By the way we must take 
 heed of a fault of which many are guilty. For 
 some are ready to challenge every thing in the 
 practice of the Fathers which doth not please them, 
 presently to be Popish, and pretend they taste su- 
 
10 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 perstition in whatsoever themselves distaste. O, 
 say they, the Fathers lived when the mystery of 
 iniquity did work, and hence they infer that it is 
 evidence enough, without further trial, to condemn 
 any ceremonies used by them, because they were 
 used by them: the way indeed to make short 
 assizes, but perjured judges. Whereas it is not 
 enough to say, but to show that they are supersti- 
 tions, to anatomize and dissect the Popery con- 
 tained in them, demonstrating where it crosseth the 
 Word of God : whereas on the contrary, all wise 
 and charitable men ought to esteem the practices 
 of the primitive church not only to be innocent, but 
 useful and honourable, till they be legally con- 
 victed to be otherwise." 
 
 Our author's father was favoured with the friend- 
 ship of Overall, Sir Robert Cotton, Dr. Roger 
 Fenton, and Richard Greenham. 
 
 " Being appointed to preach before the Queen, 
 he (Overall) professed to my father (most intimate 
 with him) that he had spoken Latin so long, it was 
 troublesome to him to speak English in a con- 
 tinued oration." Fuller further observes of this 
 most learned prelate, that " he was a discreet 
 presser of conformity." * 
 
 It is noted of this eminent theologian, that it 
 was his wont to ground his theses in the schools on 
 two or three texts of Scripture, and to show what 
 latitude of opinion or interpretation was admissible 
 upon the point in hand ; and that he was celebrated 
 
 * Worthies. Suffolk, p. 61. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 11 
 
 for the appropriateness of his quotations from the 
 Fathers.* It is indeed much easier to allege them 
 copiously than to discriminate between their dog- 
 matical and rhetorical sayings ; much easier to 
 draw hasty conclusions from isolated passages, than 
 to compare all the places in which the same subject 
 is handled by one and another of them, and thence 
 to deduce a full and fair statement of their doc- 
 trine. 
 
 In Fuller's account of Dr. Roger Fenton.-f 
 Rector of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, and Preben- 
 dary of St. Paul's, he gives the following anecdote : 
 " Once my own father gave Dr. Fenton a visit, who 
 excused himself from entertaining him any longer. 
 3It\ FuUer, said he, hear how the passing bell 
 tolls at this very instant for my dear friend Dr. 
 Felton now a dying. I must to my study, it he- 
 ing mutually agreed upon hetwi.vt us in our 
 healths, that the survivor of us should preach the 
 others funeral sermon. But see a strange change, 
 God to whom belong the issues from death, was 
 pleased (with the patriarch Jacob blessing his 
 grandchildren), willingly to guide his hands across, 
 and he not only performed that last office to his 
 friend Dr. Fenton, but also survived him more than 
 ten years, and died Bishop of Ely."! Roger Fen- 
 ton wrote, says Fuller, a solid treatise on Usurv. 
 
 * Biihop HacheVs Life of Archbishop Williams, h, i. 
 t B. A. of Pembroke College, 1588. M. A. 1592. B. D. 
 1602. D.D. 1613. Univ. Reg. 
 X Worthies. Lancashire, p. 116. 
 
12 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 He died January 16th, 1616, in his fiftieth year, as 
 we read in the epitaph on his monument, erected to 
 his memory by the affection of his parishioners.* 
 From some notes of his funeral sermon, preached 
 by his friend Bishop Felton (one high in the es- 
 teem of Bishop Andrewes and his successor in the 
 see of Ely) we learn that Dr. Fenton was free of 
 the Grocers' Company, and was Preacher of Gray's 
 Inn. He was one of the translators of the Bible. 
 " None was fitter," says Felton, " to dive into the 
 depths of school divinity. He was taken early 
 from the University, and had many troubles after- 
 ward ; yet he grew and brought forth fruit. Never 
 a more learned hath Pembroke Hall brought forth, 
 with but one exception,'' observes Bishop Felton. 
 That exception was doubtless Bp. Andrewes. From 
 his sedentary habits he was greatly afflicted. This 
 
 * Strype's Stowe's Survey of London, vol. i. b. ii. p. 197. 
 Dr. Roger Fenton was admitted to the Church of St. Ste- 
 phen's, Walbrook, August 18th, 1601, on the death of Ar- 
 thur Lawrence, A. M. and was presented by the crown to 
 the Rectory of St. Bennet's, Sherehog (his Church of St. 
 Stephen was in the patronage of the Grocers' Company), 
 this he resigned by November, 1606, being admitted on the 
 14th of that month to the Vicarage of Chigwell, Essex. On 
 the translation of Bishop Andrewes from Chichester to Ely, 
 Fenton was collated in his place to the prebend of Pancras 
 in St. Paul's, by which he became also (says Neiocourt. Re- 
 port, i. 197.) Kector of that Church. He died Jan. 16th 
 1615-16, in the fiftieth year of his age. In his stall of Pan- 
 cras he was succeeded by Dr. Henry King, eldest son of that 
 eloquent and nervous preacher Dr. John King, Bishop of 
 London. Dr. Henry King, successively Dean of Rochester 
 and Bishop of Chicliester, will not fail to be had in remem- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 13 
 
 he had in common with Andrewes, Robert Abbot, 
 and not a few of that indefatigably learned period. 
 
 " In the time of his sickness I told him," says 
 his friend, " his weakness and disease were trials 
 only of his faith and patience." Oh no, he an- 
 swered, they are not prohationes but castiga- 
 tiones.X 
 
 In his " Church History," Fuller memorializes 
 the intimate friendship of his father and the pious 
 and devoted Richard Greenham. He was edu- 
 cated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and on 
 November 24tli, 1370, was instituted to the Rectory 
 of Dry Drayton, near Cambridge. There he lived 
 many years, preaching early every morning, and as 
 constant in his deeds of temporal as of spiritual 
 charity. His works were highly esteemed in his 
 own day, passing through five or six editions, the 
 
 brance as the friend of the pious and ingenious Dr. Donne, 
 Dean of St. Paul's. In the Church of St. Stephen's, Wal- 
 brook, succeeded Aaron AVilson, Archdeacon of Exeter, and. 
 May 17th, 1639, D. D. of Queen's College, Oxford. He 
 resigned his Church in 1635, to Dr. Tliomas Howell, who 
 for his piety and the general esteem in which he was held, 
 was nominated to tlie see of Bristol July 1644, and conse- 
 crated by Archbishop Ussher. Notwithstanding he suf- 
 fered greatly from the rebels, and died in 1646, being about 
 fifty-eight years of age. For a copious and admirable life of 
 Bishop Kiug, see his Poems edited by the Rev. J. Hannah, 
 Oxford, 1843. 
 
 X " 'Not trials but corrections." In the same manuscript 
 volume in the University Library, Cambridge, whence these 
 brief notices of Dr. Fenton's Funeral Sermon are taken, are 
 numerous notes from his Sermons upon the Creation, &c. • 
 also a copy of a letter from him to Bishop Overall. 
 
14 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 latter in folio. Fuller records that no book in that 
 age made more impression on people's practice 
 than Greenham's Treatise on the Lord's Day. He 
 distinguished himself also by his unwearied appli- 
 cation in procuring stipends and exhibitions for the 
 assistance of poor scholars at the University. He 
 was in discipline and ceremonies much inclined to 
 Puritanism, and so met with trouble from Bishop 
 Cox. His last days were spent in London, where 
 he died in 1592.* " 
 
 Fuller, as he was one of the most benevolent, so 
 he was amongst the most grateful of men. Ac- 
 cordingly, in his " Worthies of England," we find 
 the following memorial of Valentine Carey, one of 
 the three bishops who owed their rise at least, in 
 part to the munificent Lord Keeper Williams. 
 *' He was a complete gentleman and excellent scho- 
 lar. He once unexpectedly owned mi/ nearest 
 relation in the High Commission Court, when in 
 some distress, for which courtesy, I as heir to 
 him who received the favour, here publicly pay this 
 my due thanks unto his memory. "f 
 
 Dr. Valentine Carey (sometimes spelt Carew) 
 was educated at Christ College, Cambridge, where 
 he was chosen to a fellowship, and in the memora- 
 ble year of 1588, proceeded to the degree of A. B. 
 Thence he was elected a Fellow of St. John's Col- 
 lege, where he proceeded A. M. in 1592, and in 
 
 * Ch. Hist. b. 9. pp. 219, 25?0. Clark''s Lives. Baker's 
 MSS. vol. xxxvi. p. 97. 
 
 t Worthies. Northumberland, p. 305. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 15 
 
 1599 B. D. In January 1605, he was appointed 
 an University Preacher. On September 17th, 
 1607, he was installed Prebendary of Stow Longa, 
 in the Church of Lincoln ; and on July 14th, 1608, 
 admitted to the prebendal stall of Chiswick, in the 
 Church of St. Paul, London, in the place of Dr. 
 William Barlow, then translated from the see of 
 Rochester to that of Lincoln. In 1610, being ap- 
 pointed Master of Christ College, he proceeded to 
 the degree of D. D., and in 1612, served the office 
 of Vice Chancellor. Whilst he was Master of 
 Christ College, Dr. William Ames being then one 
 of the Fellows, resigned to avoid expulsion for non- 
 conformity, after having preached a sermon against 
 cards and dice, which to many made his noncon- 
 formity the more offensive. He settled in Fries- 
 land, and his " Marrow of Divinity" procured for 
 him a great reputation amongst such as sided with 
 him.* On the consecration of the learned Dr. 
 Overall to the see of Lichfield and Coventry, Dr. 
 Carey was made Dean of St. Paul's in 1614. In 
 1617 he, with Bishop Andrewes, Laud and others, 
 attended King James on his tour to Scotland, and 
 is said to have roused the anger of the people 
 against him, by introducing a prayer for the dead 
 upon occasion of a military funeral. For this he 
 was compelled to apologize. On the 27th of Sep- 
 tember, 1621, he was elected to the see of Exeter 
 on the decease of Dr. William Cotton, godson to 
 
 * See Fuller^s Hist, of Cambridge, p. 301. Cambridge, 
 1840. 
 
16 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Queen Elizabeth. He now resigned his Deanery 
 to the most pious and ingenious Dr. John Donne, 
 as also his stall in the Church of Lincoln, having 
 vacated the Mastership of Christ College in the 
 preceding year. Dying in 1627, he was suc- 
 ceeded at Exeter by the famous Dr. Joseph Hall, 
 then Dean of Worcester.* 
 
 Fuller's father liaving left Cambridge, was. on the 
 6th of September, 1632, instituted to the Rectory 
 of Aldwinckle, St. Peter's, on the presentation of 
 Thomas Cecil Lord Burghley,f Dr. Thomas Dove 
 being then Bishop of Peterborough. At Ald- 
 winckle his son Thomas, the Church Historian and 
 antiquary, was born ; and on the lOth of June, 
 1608, appears, by the parochial register, to have 
 been baptized. There are preserved also the dates 
 of the baptisms of his brother John, afterward of 
 Sidney Sussex College, and of his four sisters: 
 1609. Elizabeth, 22 Jany. 
 
 1612. Mary, 13 Septr. 
 
 1613. Judith, 21 November. 
 1615. John, 30 July. 
 
 * Buker^s MSS, vol. xxvii. p S()8. Nichols' Progresses of 
 James I. Willis's Cathedrals, p. 244. Wood's Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 
 p. 294. 
 
 t Fuller dedicated the .5th book of his " Pisgah Sight" 
 to the Right Hon. John Lord Burghley, son to the Right 
 Hon. John, Earl of Exeter. In the Dedication he says, 
 
 Now the first light which I saw in this world was in a 
 benefice conferred on my father by your most honourable 
 great-grandfather, and therefore I stand obhgedin all thank- 
 fulness to your family." p. 140. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 17 
 
 1616. Anne, 23 March * 
 It has been already observed that Fuller's ma- 
 ternal grandmother is the Davenant, whose tomb 
 is to be seen on the south side of the chancel of St. 
 Peter's, Aldwinckle. His father married her daugh- 
 ter Judith, and Dr. Robert Tounson her daughter 
 Margaret. Tounson was a native of St. Botolph's 
 parish, Cambridge, was educated at Queen's College 
 in that University, and chosen to a Fellowship 
 there. In 1604, he was Vicar of Wellingborough, -|- 
 and in 1606 Rector of Old or Wold, a village 
 about eight miles to tbe north of Northampton, 
 and near the ancient church of Brixworth. To the 
 rectory of Old, which he retained until his promo- 
 tion to the see of Salisbury, he was presented by 
 Wilham and Francis Tate, of de la Pre, in the 
 county of Northampton, knts.j He was also chap- 
 lain to James the First, and, in 1617, on the pro- 
 motion of the courtier, George Mounteigne, to the 
 
 * Bishop Davenant in his will, dated January 29th, 1637, 
 left to the three daughters of his sister Fuller, Elizabeth, 
 Anne and Margaret,^ £oO. each ; to his nephew Thomas 
 Fuller, B.D. £4. and to his brother John £20. upon his 
 taking his degree of A. M. Cassan's Lives of the Bishops of 
 Salisbury. Part ii. p. 121. 
 
 t Bridges' Northamptonshire, ii. p. 151. He was chosen 
 Fellow of Qu. Coll. Sept. 2, 1597. 
 
 t Feb. 16th, 1606. Bliss's Wood's Fasti, i. p. 203. And 
 see Fuller's Worthies. Cambridgeshire, pp. 153, 154. 
 
 • Margaret is probably a mistake for Mary. As no men- 
 tion is here made of Judith, probably she had died before 
 1637. 
 
 C 
 
18 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 see of Lincoln, succeeded him as Dean of West- 
 minster. He was in July, 1620, consecrated by 
 Archbishop Abbot, Monteigne, Bishop of Lincoln, 
 Buckeridge, Bishop of Rochester, and Bridgman, 
 Bishop of Chester, to the see of Salisbury. His 
 character was that of the most unimpeachable in- 
 tegrity, as his nephew, Dr. Fuller, sufficiently evinces 
 in his own " Appeal of Injured Innocence," or 
 Answer to Heylyn. Dr. Tounson died on the 20th 
 of April, 1620, leaving a widow and fifteen children. 
 Of these, his son Robert, born in Northampton- 
 shire, was, on November 24th, 1625, elected to a 
 Fellowship also in Queen's College.* 
 
 Dr. Tounson was succeeded at Salisbury by the 
 profound and erudite Dr. John Davenant, also 
 uncle to Dr. Fuller. Dr. Davenant was at this 
 time President of Queen's College, and Lady Mar- 
 garet's Professor of Divinity. In 1622 he pre- 
 ferred his brother in law, Thomas Fuller of Ald- 
 winckle, to the prebendal stall of Highworth in his 
 Church of Sarum, then vacant by the decease of 
 Henry Cotton. This stall our author's father held 
 till his death in 1632, f upon which Bishop Dave- 
 nant presented to it John Tounson, probably a son 
 of his predecessor in this see. 
 
 Bishop Davenant was Vicar of Oakington near 
 Cambridge, from April to December, 1612.;}: Ful- 
 
 * Eegist. Baker's MSS. Brit. Mus. 
 
 t In 1632 William, Earl of Exeter, presented to St. 
 Peter's, Aldwinckle, on the death of Thomas Fuller, John 
 Webster, B. D. who was instituted April 30. 
 
 X Bishop Andrewes' Register. Baker's MSS. vol. xxviii. 
 p. 229. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 19 
 
 ler in the second book of his Church History, 
 relates the following anecdote of him : " A reve- 
 rend Doctor in Cambridge, and afterwards Bishop 
 of Salisbury, was troubled at his small hving at 
 Hogginton (Oakington) with a peremptory Ana- 
 baptist, who plainly told him, ' It goes against my 
 conscience to pay you tithes, except you can show 
 me a place of Scripture whereby they are due unto 
 you.' The Doctor returned, ' Why should it not 
 go as much against my conscience, that you should 
 enjoy your nine parts, for which you can show no 
 place of Scripture ?' To whom the other rejoined, 
 *But I have for my land deeds and evidences 
 from my fathers, who purchased and were peace- 
 ably possessed thereof by the laws of the land.' 
 * The same is my title,' saith the Doctor ; ' tithes 
 being confirmed unto me by many statutes of the 
 land, time out of mind.' Thus he drave that nail 
 not which was of the strongest metal or sharpest 
 point, but which would go best for the present. It 
 was argumentura ad hominem fittest for the per- 
 son he was to meddle with, who afterwards peace- 
 ably paid his tithes unto him. Had the Doctor 
 engaged in Scripture argument, though never so 
 pregnant and pertinent, it had been endless to dis- 
 pute with him, who made clamour the end of his 
 dispute, whose obstinacy and ignorance made him 
 incapable of solid reason, and therefore the worse 
 the argument, the better for his apprehension."-^ 
 
 * Ch, Hist. B. ii. p. 112. 
 
20 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Dr. Fuller s Friends at the University, 
 
 F the earlier years of Dr. Fuller no 
 memorial remains but the following 
 notice of him in Aubrey : " He was 
 a boy of a pregnant wit, and when 
 the Bishop [Davenant his uncle] 
 and his father were discoursing, he would be by 
 and hearken, and now and then put in, and some- 
 times beyond expectation, or his years. He was 
 of a middle stature, strong set, curled hair, a very 
 working head, in so much, that walking and medi- 
 tating before dinner, he would eat up a penny loaf, 
 not knowing that he did it."* 
 
 Fuller was educated for about four years in a 
 private school at Aldwinckle, under the Rev. Arthur 
 Smith, who in September 1621, appears to have 
 compounded for his first fruits as Vicar of Oundle.f 
 He was probably the same who was B. A. of 
 Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1608, and M. A. 
 1612.^ 
 
 * Aubrey^ Letters. London, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 334, 
 t Bridges^ Northamptonshire, vol. ii. p. 408. 
 % Univ. Register. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 21 
 
 Fuller was thence removed to Queen's College, 
 Cambridge, where he was admitted on June 29, 
 1621 ; his uncle, Bishop Davenant, being then 
 President, and Mr. Edward Davenant, the Bishop's 
 nephew, and ]\Ir. John Thorpe, tutors. Edward 
 Davenant was instituted in classical learning at 
 Merchant Taylor's School, and thence sent to 
 Queen's College. He was, (according to Aubrey,) 
 a very eminent mathematician; B.A. of Queen's 
 College, 1614, M. A. 1618 ; and in the following 
 year, incorporated of the University of Oxford. 
 In February 1623, he was preferred by his uncle 
 to the prebendal stall of Ilfracomb in the church of 
 Sarum, and was by him made in 1630 Archdeacon 
 of Berkshire,-]- which he resigned in 1634, for the 
 Treasurership of Sarum. He died at an advanced 
 age at his rectory of Gillingham, in Dorsetshire, on 
 the 12th of March, 1680. Fuller remained at 
 Queen's College till the 5th of November 1629; 
 taking his degree of B.A. in 1624-5, and that of M. A. 
 at the commencement, in 1628. His anonymous 
 biographer relates that he would have been elected 
 to a fellowship at Queen's College, but that the sta- 
 tutes forbade two fellowships to be held together at 
 the same time by natives of his county. The same 
 writer adds, that he might have had a dispensation, 
 but declined it. The following correspondence, how- 
 ever, of his uncle. Bishop Davenant, would lead us 
 to infer that this account was altogether unfounded. 
 
 + Being then D.D. B.D. 1624, D.D. 1629. John Thorpe 
 was B.A. 1614, M.A. 1618, B.D. 1627, taxor, 1625. 
 
22 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Bishop Davenant to Dr. Samuel Ward, Master 
 of Sidney Sussex College. 
 
 Salutem in Chy^isto, 
 
 Good Dr. Ward, so soon as I have opportunity, I 
 shall think of those points which you mentioned 
 unto me in your last letter. But I am at this pre- 
 sent unfurnished of books, and am so like to con- 
 tinue till I return to Sarum. The number of those 
 that die weekly is not great ; but the danger is, that 
 ever and anon, some new house is infected. I pray 
 God we may safely return thither at Christmas. I 
 am now going to the bath, to try if I can get away 
 the noise in my head. I have written to the Master 
 of Queen's College, to know what likelihood there 
 is for the preferment of my nephew Thomas Fuller, 
 unto a fellowship. He is to be Master of Arts next 
 commencement, and therefore, I am resolved (if 
 there be no hope there) to seek what may be done 
 elsewhere. And herein I must crave your favour 
 and assistance. I pray, therefore, (if you can pre- 
 fer him in your own college) let me entreat your 
 best assistance therein ; or if you have no means to 
 do it there, make trial what Dr. Preston thinks 
 may be done in Emmanuel College. In brief, I 
 should be glad to have him sped of a fellowship in 
 any college, and should not be unthankful towards 
 that society which, for my sake, should do him this 
 favour. I am unwilling to write unto any but your- 
 self, unless I first might understand from you, where 
 is the best likelihood of prevailing: and then I 
 should write willingly unto any whom you find wil- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 23 
 
 ling at my motion to do him good. Thus with re- 
 membrance of my love, I commit you to God, and 
 rest always your very loving friend, 
 
 Jo : Sarum. 
 
 Lacham * Sept. 23, 1627. 
 
 In another letter to the same, dated from the 
 same place, on the 25th of the following month, 
 Bishop Davenant writes : " Dr. Mansell has not 
 yet given me a resolute answer whether Sir Fuller 
 be in possibility of being chosen at their next elec- 
 tion or no. But I have now writ unto him, and ex- 
 pect a full and final answer. If there be no hope 
 of speeding in Queen's College, I should think my- 
 self beholding unto you, (as I formerly writ) if you 
 would take pains to enquire in what other college 
 he might be sped. Wheresoever that favour should 
 be done him, I should not forget to take some op- 
 portunity of requiting it." 
 
 On the 28th of November, Davenant wrote again 
 to Dr. Ward from Lacham ; " Dr. Ward, I heartily 
 thank you for your mindfulness of my nephew. Sir 
 Fuller. What Queen's College will do for him, I 
 know not : I have writ unto his father to make a 
 journey over to Cambridge, and to see whether 
 any thing is likely to be done for him in our own 
 college, that if there be no hope there, we may seek 
 abroad in time." 
 
 Fuller was passed over in the ensuing election to 
 the vacant fellowships at Queen's College, upon 
 which Bishop Davenant wrote again to Dr. Ward, 
 
 A seat of the Montagus, near Chippenham. 
 
24 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 requesting his admission at Sidney Sussex College 
 as a Tanquam-Socius. 
 
 Salutem in Christo. 
 
 " Dr. Ward, I am informed that they have made a 
 late election at Queen's College, and utterly passed 
 by my nephew. I would the Master had but done 
 me that kindness, as not to have made me expect 
 some kindness from him. I should have taken it 
 much better than his doing of less than nothing 
 after some promise of his favourable assistance. I 
 am loth Mr. Fuller should be snatched away from 
 our University before he be grown somewhat riper. 
 His father is persuaded to continue him there until 
 I can provide him some other means ; but he thinks 
 it will be some disparagement and discouragement 
 to his son, to continue in that college, where he shall 
 see many of his punies shpt before him in prefer- 
 ment. In which respect he is very desirous that 
 he should remove unto your college, there to live 
 in fellows' commons, till he shall be otherwise dis- 
 posed of. We neither intend nor desire to make 
 him fellow in yours or any other college, but only 
 that he may be conveniently placed for the continu- 
 ance of his studies. I pray, do him what kindness 
 conveniently you may, in helping him to a chamber 
 and study, and in admittance into fellows' commons, 
 with as little charge as the orders of your house will 
 give leave. In Queen's College, Masters of Arts 
 had many times the favour granted to come into 
 commons without giving plate or any other such like 
 burthens which lay upon young gentlemen, fellow- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 25 
 
 commoners. I make no doubt of your readiness 
 to do him any lawful favour, but the chief thing 
 which I am at in this removal is, that he may also 
 have your supervision and direction, both in the 
 course of his life and study. And thus with re- 
 membrance of my love, I commit you to God, and 
 rest always your very loving friend, 
 
 Oct. 21, 1628. Jo : Sarum." 
 
 Accordingly, Fuller was on the 3th of Novem- 
 ber, 1629, admitted a Tanquam- Socius at Sidney 
 Sussex College, under the tutorship of Dr. Ward 
 the Master, and Mr. Richard Dugard. So Dr. 
 Dove, Bishop of Peterborough was, many years 
 previously, retained at Pembroke College, in the 
 same University. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Ward was one of the most learned 
 theologians of this truly theological period. From 
 a fellowship in Emmanuel College, he was chosen 
 to the Mastership of Sidney College in 1609. He 
 was, with Dr. Collins, Provost of King's College, 
 and Dr. Brownrigg, much in request at Buckden, 
 at the table of the most munificent, learned, and 
 hospitable Williams, the too obsequious servant of 
 King James, and one who would have been truly 
 great, had he been less ambitious. 
 
 Dr. Ward was with Davenant deputed to repre- 
 sent the Church of England at the Synod of Dort. 
 In discipline he inclined to the Puritans. He was 
 remarkable for his gravity of deportment and for 
 the integrity with which he discharged the duties 
 of his Mastership. 
 
26 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 He was born at Bishop's Middleham (nine miles 
 south-east of Durham,) of an ancient family. He 
 was first, scholar of Christ College Cambridge, and 
 thence removed to Emmanuel College. Being ap- 
 pointed Chaplain to the royal favourite, the Hon. 
 James Montagu, Bishop of Bath and Wells, (and, 
 on the decease of Bilson, of Winchester,) that pre- 
 late made him Archdeacon of Taunton in 1615, and 
 also Prebendary of Wells. He had been previously 
 selected with Bois and Downes, of St. John's Col- 
 lege, Dr. Duport, and others, for the new transla- 
 tion of the Apocrypha. He was also enrolled amongst 
 the king's chaplains, and was probably inferior to 
 scarcely any of them in learning. Some proof of 
 this may be seen in his letters to the elder Vossius, 
 in which he animadverted upon that distinguished 
 author's History of Pelagianism. He was also the 
 friend and correspondent of the indefatigable Us- 
 sher. 
 
 He was in Feb. 8, 1616, preferred by his royal 
 master to the Rectory of Much Munden, Hertford- 
 shire, which he resigned in September 1636. In 
 1617, (the year previously to his mission to the 
 Synod of Dort,) he was promoted to the prebendal 
 stall of Ampleforth,* in the Church of York, by 
 Dr. Toby Mathew. His college flourished greatly 
 during his Mastership, and under the tutors Dugard 
 and Micklethwaite. Dr. Ward adhering to the 
 
 • He was, upon the Restoration, succeeded in this stall 
 by Dr. Humphrey Lloyd, afterwards Bishop of Bangor, who 
 held it in commendam. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 27 
 
 doctrine prevalent under Elizabeth and James, and 
 being entirely opposed to the more Grotian opinions 
 of Laud and the court-clergy, might have been in 
 great favour with the Parliament, but with many 
 who disapproved of the past courses of the king, he 
 loyally suffered in his cause, when moderation ap- 
 peared to leave the counsels of the popular party. 
 And so he died in consequence of his sufferings, in 
 1643. His Theses, whilst Lady Margaret's Pro- 
 fessor of Divinity, attest his readiness in the scho- 
 lastic theology of those times ; now, peradventure, 
 too lightly esteemed. * 
 
 Mr. Richard Dugard, fellow and tutor of Sidney 
 College, and B. D. in 1620, was born at Grafton 
 Flyford, a little village, seven miles east of Wor- 
 cester, between that place and Alcester. He was 
 brought up under Mr. Henry Bright, a native of 
 Worcester, forty years Master of the grammar 
 school there, and seven years prebendary of that 
 cathedral.f " I name him the rather," says Ful- 
 
 • Fuller, who has gratefully memorialized Dr. Ward, in 
 his Worthies, (Durham, vol. i. p. 334) concludes thus : " He 
 turned with the times as a rock riseth with the tide ; and for 
 his uncomplying therewith, was imprisoned in St. John's 
 College, in Cambridge. In a word, he was counted z puritan 
 before these times, ajxd popish in these times ; and yet, being 
 always the same, was a true protestant at all times. He died 
 anno 1643, and was the first man buried in Sidney College 
 Chapel.'^ 
 
 t Mr. Henry Bright was installed Prebendary of Pratum 
 Minus in the Church of Hereford, November 2, 1607, and in 
 1619 was made a Major Canon of Worcester, being Pre- 
 bendary of the 5th stall, both which he retained tolas death 
 
28 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 ler, * "because, never did Master Calvin mention his 
 Master Corderius with more honour, than Master 
 Dugard gratefully remembered Master Bright." 
 This latter died in 1626, and Dr. Joseph Hall, then 
 Dean of Worcester, wrote his epitaph, in which he 
 highly commends his skill as well in the Hebrew, 
 as in the Greek and Latin tongues, and commemo- 
 rates his zeal and success as a preacher.f Of Du- 
 gard, Fuller records, " He was chosen fellow of Sid- 
 ney College, where, in my time, (for I had the honour 
 of his intimate acquaintance) he had a moiety of the 
 most considerable pupils, whom he bred in learning 
 and piety, in the golden mean betwixt superstition 
 and faction." He was as eminent in learning as in 
 discretion, having the character of an excellent 
 Grecian and general scholar. He gave to the col- 
 lege £120, besides £10 for the library. At last 
 he was surprised with a presentation to the rectory 
 of FuUetby, in Lincolnshire, where, by his constant 
 preaching and pious living, he procured his own 
 security, a rare happiness in those troublesome 
 times. He died January 28, 1653, and lies buried 
 under a marble stone in his chancel." 
 
 Amongst his pupils was Sir George Ent, M.D. 
 of Padua, son of Josiah Ent, a merchant, and born 
 at Sandwich in Kent on Nov. 6th, 1604. He was 
 
 March 4, 1626. In his stall he was succeeded by Dr. Na- 
 thaniel Giles, who was installed March 10, 1627, and who 
 was also Rector of Newton Longville, Bucks. He died in 
 1655. 
 
 * Britiih Worthies, Worcestershire, p. 176. t P. 177. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.B. 29 
 
 President of the College of Physicians, and knighted 
 by King Charles II. He wrote in defence of Dr. 
 Harvey on the circulation of the blood. His por- 
 trait is prefixed to his Animadversions on a work 
 by Malachi Thruston, M.D. He died in 1689, 
 and was buried in the Church of St. Lawrence 
 Jewry.* 
 
 Sir George Ent was admitted of Sidney College 
 in 1624, and about the same time, James Montagu, 
 the third son of Henry Lord Montagu; his bro- 
 ther Walter and eldest brother Edward having 
 been admitted early in 1618. Also about the same 
 time Miles Sandys, son of Thomas, and grandson 
 of Archbishop Sandys, a native of London, and 
 scholar of this house. Also Oliver St. John, eldest 
 son of Anthony St. John, knt. born in Abchurch 
 parish, London, about A. d. 1608, and admitted a 
 fellow-commoner, but not under Dugard, but under 
 Richard Chase.f In 1628 (the year previously to 
 Fuller's admission at this College) was entered 
 Charles Gataker, son of the famous Thomas Gata- 
 ker, the editor of Antoninus. Charles, after he 
 had taken the degree of B. A. went to Pembroke 
 College, Oxford, where he proceeded M.A. June 
 30th, 1636. He became Chaplain to the truly 
 patriotic Falkland, and upon the death of that in- 
 comparable person found a patron in Charles Earl 
 
 * He also wrote in the Philosophical Transactions, 1691. 
 Wood's Fasti, ed BlisSy i. p. 504. 
 
 t Baker's MSS. Brit. Mus. Chase was B. A. of Sid. Coll. 
 1617, M.A. 1621. B.D. 1628. Univ. Reg. 
 
30 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 of Carnarvon, through whose interest he was pre- 
 ferred to the Rectory of Hoggeston (between Win- 
 slow and Aylesbury) about 1647, where he con- 
 tinued till his death in 1680. He entered into con- 
 troversy with Bishop Bull, who noticed his strictures 
 in his Ea:amen Censurce. 
 
 Edward Montagu, whilst a member of the House 
 of Commons, was one of the five so suddenly de- 
 manded by the misguided Charles, when he entered 
 that house in person, Jan. 4th, 1641 . He, after- 
 ward, when Earl of Manchester, took part against 
 the King, but retraced his steps, and was made 
 Chamberlain to the household of Charles II. Wal- 
 ter Montagu apostatized to the errors of Rome, 
 and was in 1630 Porter of the Jesuits' College at 
 St. Omer's. That bright ornament of our Church 
 and nation, Lord Falkland, wrote an Answer to his 
 " Letter in Justification of his Change." * 
 
 Whilst our author was residing in Sidney College, 
 King Charles I. returned to the College the skull 
 that was found in the Isle of Crete, incrusted with 
 stone, and brought over hither in 1627. " There 
 is," says Fuller in his English Worthies, " within 
 the demesne of Boughton (the barony of the Right 
 Honourable Edward Lord Montagu) a spring 
 which is conceived to turn wood into stone. The 
 truth is this, the coldness of the water incrustateth 
 wood (or what else falleth into it) on every side 
 with a stony matter, yet so that it doth not tran- 
 substantiate wood into stone; for the wood re- 
 
 * Wood's Fasti, ii. p. 284. 
 
TH02IAS FULLER, D.D. 31 
 
 maineth entire within, until at last wholly consumed, 
 which giveth occasion to the former erroneous re- 
 lation. The like is reported of a well in Candia 
 with the same mistake, that ' Quicquid incidit lapi- 
 descit.' But I have seen in Sidney College in 
 Cambridge, a skull brought thence, which was 
 candied over with stone within and without, yet 
 so as the bone remained entire in the middle as by 
 a casual breach thereof did appear. This skull 
 was sent for by King Charles ; and whilst I lived 
 in the house, by him safely again returned to the 
 College, — being a prince as desirous in such cases 
 to preserve others' propriety, as to satisfy his own 
 curiosity." * 
 
 Of Sidney College, Fuller remarks in another 
 place (p. 185) that " William Wilmer, Esq. sheriff 
 of Northamptonshire in the 12th of James I. was 
 the first pensioner, as Dr. James Montagu was 
 the first Master, and Sir John Brewerton first 
 scholar, of the House in Sidney College ; being all 
 three of them (but in several proportions) bene- 
 factors to that foundation." 
 
 Amongst Fuller's cotemporaries was the anti- 
 quary Sir Symonds D'Ewes, who afterward com- 
 municated with him when engaged upon his Church 
 History. Jeremy Taylor was entered of Caius 
 College in 1626, a sizar of that foundation. Whe- 
 ther he was acquainted with Fuller at Cambridge, 
 does not appear; but in the fourth book of the 
 
 • The Worthies of England, vol. ii. pp. 159, 160, ed. 
 Nichols. 
 
32 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Church History our author, touching upon All 
 Souls' College, adds, " Know, reader, I was pro- 
 mised by my respected friend, Dr. Jeremy Taylor, 
 (late Fellow of this house) well known to the 
 world by his worth [a.d. 1655] a catalogue of the 
 eminent scholars thereof; but it seems the press 
 (like time and tide) staying for no man, I have 
 not been so happy seasonably to receive it." * 
 
 To Edward Bendlowes, who was admitted of St. 
 John's College in 1620, Fuller dedicates the sixth 
 part of his History of the University of Cambridge. 
 He appears to have been benevolent without pru- 
 dence, and to have suffered accordingly; but to 
 have lived in the respect of those who, perhaps, 
 knew not the exigences by which he was overtaken 
 in his later years. He retained, moreover, to an 
 unfashionable period for such a characteristic that 
 aversion to Popery and to Arminianism, which, in 
 his younger days, was far from singular.f 
 
 Now also he was probably acquainted with Sir 
 William Paston of Norfolk, Baronet, whom he has 
 similarly memorialized in his University History. \ 
 
 * Bookiv. p. 182. 
 
 t Wood's Fasti, ii. pp. 358-360. Fuller in his Worthies 
 (^Cambridgeshire, p. 178, vol. i.) mentions Simon Steward, 
 knt. Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in the 
 9th of James I. " I remember he lived (after he was 
 knighted) a Fellow-commoner in Trinity Hall, where [these] 
 his arms are fairly depicted in his chamber with this distich 
 over them. Francorum Carolus, &c." 
 
 X See Dedication of the Sd Section, Master's Hist, of 
 C. C. College. To Sir Wm. Paston also Fuller dedicated 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 33 
 
 Of the same College of Corpus Christi was his 
 friend Edmund Gurney, B. D. He was B. A. of 
 Queen's College, and was thence chosen Fellow of 
 Corpus Christi College, where he remained until 
 1614, when he was instituted to the Rectory of 
 Edgefield, Norfolk, whence he was, in 1620, pre- 
 ferred to that of Harpley in the same county. He 
 died in 1648. " He was," says Fuller, " an excel- 
 lent scholar, who could be humorous and would be 
 serious, as he was himself disposed. His humours 
 were never profane towards God, or injurious to- 
 wards his neighbours, which premised, none have 
 cause to be displeased, if in his fancies he pleased 
 himself. 
 
 " Coming to me in Cambridge when I was stu- 
 dying, he demanded of me the subject whereon I 
 studied. I told him I was collecting the witnesses 
 of the truth of the Protestant religion through all 
 ages, even in the depth of Popery, conceiving it 
 feasible, though difficult to evidence them. ' It is 
 a needless pains,' said he, ' for I know that I am 
 descended from Adam, though I cannot prove my 
 pedigree from him.' And yet, reader, be pleased 
 
 his map of Palestine in his Pi;<gah-Sight, together with his 
 noble patron James, Earl of I\Jiddlesex, Baron Cranfield, 
 and to Sir Robert Cordel, of London and Melford. He mar- 
 ried Margaret, daughter and co-heir of Sir Edmund Wright, 
 Lord Mayor of London, and died about 1680. The baronetcy 
 became extinct in 1704. 
 
 Sir William Paston died in 1662. Fuller, in his British 
 Worthies, thus notices him (Xorfolk, p. 263.) " the bountiful 
 promoter of all my weak endeavours.^' 
 D 
 
34 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 » 
 
 to take notice that he was born of as good a family 
 as any in Norfolk. His book against Transub- 
 stantiation, and another on the Second Command- 
 ment are learnedly and judiciously written. He 
 died in the beginning of our civil wars."* Our 
 modern Romanizers would doubtless differ from 
 Fuller in their opinion of the works above named. 
 They are very brief, and display some ingenuity. 
 That upon Transubstantiation is in fact entitled 
 " The Demonstration of Antichrist.'' It is dedi- 
 cated to the Prince Charles, and is a dissertation 
 upon this thesis, " He that professeth himself the 
 supreme head of the Church of Christ, and yet 
 forceth men upon pain of death, to blaspheme 
 Christ, He is Antichrist." Transubstantiation is 
 selected to prove the blasphemy of the papal power. 
 We have amongst us some who speak a very dif- 
 ferent language, but whether this kind of blasphemy 
 be the distinctive badge of the great Antichrist or 
 no, certain it is that transubstantiation is that mys- 
 tery of falsehood by which, above all, the glory of 
 Christ is taken from him to be devolved upon crea- 
 tures, creatures without sense. Invincible are the 
 objections, — that transubstantiation implies a mira- 
 cle without an end ; for without it all the spiritual 
 benefits of the sacrament are communicable through 
 the holy symbols of our Lord's absent body: 
 secondly, that it contradicts all the senses, the 
 senses by which alone a miracle can be tested ; and 
 
 * Britiah Worthies. Norfolk, p. 258. He died in 1648, 
 according to Master's History. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D, 35 
 
 thirdly, that, its advocates themselves being judges, 
 it is not necessarily contained in any words of Holy 
 Scripture. 
 
 Of Mr. Henry Mole, A. M. of King's College 
 and Public Orator from 1639 to 1 650, Fuller had 
 the account of his father recorded in his Worthies. 
 (Devonshire, p. 275, vol. i.) ^Ir. John Mole was 
 for thirty years a prisoner in the Inquisition at 
 Rome. He was seized there whilst companion to 
 his pupil the Lord Ross. He died in the eighty-first 
 year of his age, about a. d. 1638. Mr. Charles 
 Neville, Vice Provost of King's College, Fuller 
 mentions in his account of the Bishops of that name 
 as a master of all heraldic knowledge. 
 
 In 1616 Mr. Wm. Buckly, B. D. of Clifton 
 near Hawnes, in Bedfordshire, was elected Fellow 
 of Queen's College. Fuller speaks of him as his 
 worthy friend lately gone to God. So he must 
 have died about 1656. From him he collected 
 his minute and interesting account of Brightman, 
 the Puritan commentator upon the Book of Reve- 
 lation. Whilst at Queen's College, Brightman 
 was noted for his disputes with Dr. Meriton * of 
 the same College, and afterward Dean of York, the 
 latter being an equally earnest maintainer of con- 
 formity. Brightman was indeed sadly defective in 
 
 * Dr. George Meriton was Rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk, 
 Dean of Booking, Dean of Peterborough, 1612, (io wbich 
 Deanery he was instituted June 12, on the death of Dr. Rich- 
 ard Clayton, Master of St. John's College, Cambridge), 
 Dean of York, March 25th, 1617. He died Dec. 23rd, 
 1624. 
 
36 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 judgment, but his life is said to have been most 
 blameless. Dr. Whitaker commended him to Sir 
 John Osborne for the Rectory of Hawnes, who 
 restored the great tithes to that rectory, and built 
 a house for the incumbent, thus conscientiously 
 restoring to God his own.f 
 
 Fuller also memorializes another Fellow of the 
 same College, Mr. Stephen Nettles, many years his 
 senior. He was of the county of Salop, and having 
 studied the usual period of four years at Queen's 
 College, was admitted a Fellow there October 11th, 
 1599. He in 1625 pubhshed at Oxford, an " An- 
 swer to the Jewish Part of Mr. Selden's History of 
 Tithes." t 
 
 But to Corpus Christi College Fuller readily 
 acknowledged himself more indebted than to Queen's 
 College. Thus he concludes his notices of that 
 foundation in His University History : " So much 
 of this College; the antient history, out of the 
 archives whereof, my good friend Mr. Crofts (fel- 
 low of the same, lately gone to God) communicated 
 unto me, with the courteous consent of Dr. Richard 
 Love the worthy Master of this College.* Yea, I 
 
 t See Ch. Hist. B. 10, p. 50. 
 
 |: He was beneficed at l ey Magna or at Lexden in Essex, 
 or at both those places. Fasti, Oion. 
 
 * Dr. Richard Love was born in the parish of St. Mary 
 the Great.Cambridge, December 26th, 1596. He was collated 
 to tlie Prebendal stall of Tachbrook in the Church of Lich- 
 field, October 12th, 1631, and in the following year chosen 
 Master of Corpus Christi College. On the Restoration, he 
 was installed Dean of Ely, September 28th, 1668. He died 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 37 
 
 must thankfully confess myself once a member at 
 large of this house, when they were pleased above 
 twenty years since, freely (without my thoughts 
 thereof) to choose me Minister of St. Benedict's 
 Church, the parish adjoining, and in their patron- 
 age." -j- Mr. Crofts was a Fellow of this College in 
 1635, J continued in his fellowship throughout the 
 troublous times, and died in 1655. 
 
 John Booth, B. D. Fellow of Corpus Christi 
 College, appears amongst those friends of our au- 
 thor who wrote laudatory verses prefixed to his 
 Holi/ War. He was highly esteemed for his 
 scholarship by Mr. William Dugard, Master of 
 Merchant Taylor's School, remained in College 
 to 1638; was Rector of Bartlow near Linton in 
 1640, and died in February 1642. § 
 
 On the same occasion appears the name of our 
 author's friend James Duport, the son of Dr. John 
 Duport, * Master of Jesus College, at the lodge of 
 which College he was born in 1606. He was edu- 
 cated at Westminster School and Trinity College 
 
 about the beginning of the following February, being suc- 
 ceeded in his stall by Thomas Smith, B.D. afterward the 
 very munificent Bishop of Carlisle, and in his Deanery by 
 Dr. Feme, who soon after adorned the see of Chester. 
 
 t Hist, of the Univ. of Cambridge, p. 104. ed. Camb. 1840. 
 
 t B.D. in 1640. 
 
 $ Masters Hist. ofC. C. C. C. p. 147. 
 
 * Dr. James Duport's mother was Rachel, daughter to 
 Richard Cox, Bishop of Ely : his father, Dr. Jol n Duport, 
 son to Thomas Duport, Esq. was born at Shepeshed in Lei- 
 cestershire, and, from a Fellowship was raised to the Mas- 
 tership of his College in lo9»). He was thrice Vice-chan- 
 cellor of his University. " He was," says Fuller, " one of 
 
38 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 under Dr. Robert Hitch, afterward Dean of York.f 
 He succeeded Creighton in the Greek Professor- 
 ship in 1639, was ejected in 1634 for refusing the 
 engagement, and did not resume it at the Restora- 
 tion ; but in 1668 was appointed Master of Mag- 
 dalen College, being then also Dean of Peterbo- 
 rough, where he in 1664, succeeded Dr. Rainbow, 
 the exemplary Bishop of Carlisle. With his Deanery 
 he also retained the Prebendal stall of Leighton 
 Buzzard in the Church of Lincoln, to which he had 
 been preferred in 1641 by Williams, who had pre- 
 viously shown his regard for him by presenting him 
 successively, and in the same year, to the Arch- 
 deaconry of Stow, and thence to the stall of Lang- 
 ford Ecclesia. He died July 17th, 1679, in his 
 seventy-third year, leaving many monuments of his 
 industry and learning to posterity, and a noble 
 benefaction of books to the library of Trinity 
 College. 
 
 Fuller's friend Henry Hutton, of Jesus College, 
 was B. D. and fellow of that foundation, and was 
 
 the Translators of the Bible, and a reverend man in liis ge- 
 neration, who bestowed the perpetual advowson of Harllon 
 on the College." Worthies, vol. i. p. 571. 
 
 t Dr. Hitch was, on March 26th, 1660, preferred to the 
 Prebendal stall of Holme, in the Churcli of York, upon the 
 death of Dr. Thomas Benson ; and when our author's friend, 
 Mr. Clement Bretton, was preferred to the Archdeanery of 
 Leicester, 1662, Hitch, who had been created D.D. by 
 royal mandate in 1661, was made Archdeacon of the East 
 Riding, in the place of Bretton, and upon the promotion of 
 Sancroft to the Deanery of St. Paul's, admitted to that of 
 York Dec. 22nd, 1664. He died in 1676, and was buried 
 at Guisley near Otley, between York and Skipton, 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 39 
 
 amongst the benefactors to the new part of Jesus 
 College, erected about 1637 under the direction of 
 Dr. Sterne, then ^Master, and, on the Restoration, 
 Archbishop of York.* 
 
 His friend William Johnson, Fellow of Queen's 
 College, is said to have been at once " the most 
 witty and most pious man living." He was Rector 
 of Warboys, Huntingdonshire. In his Deus No- 
 biscum [God with us], or Sermon preached upon 
 a great deliverance at sea, 1648, he relates that 
 he was twice shipwrecked, and that he lived four 
 days without any sustenance, and lay two nights 
 and two days upon a rock in the deep. He was, 
 upon the Restoration, made Chaplain and Subal- 
 moner to Charles II. Archdeacon of Huntingdon, 
 April 13th, 1665, and 15th August, 1666, Pre- 
 bendary of Holywell f in St. Paul's. He died aged 
 fifty-seven years, March 4th, 1667, J and was bu- 
 ried in the north transept of Westminster Abbey.§ 
 
 Clement Bretton, of Sidney College, another 
 panegyrist of our author's " Holy War," was pre- 
 ferred by George Ashby, Esq. to Church Langton 
 in Leicestershire, but was sequestered in 1 645. In 
 1639 he was admitted an University Preacher, 
 and in 1640 proceeded to the degree of D. D. In 
 1660 he succeeded the learned Dr. Cosin as Arch- 
 deacon of the East Riding, and resigning it in 1662, 
 was made Archdeacon of Leicester. He died at 
 
 * Shermanni Hid. Coll. Jes.Cuntabr. p. 32. London 1840. 
 
 t alias Finsbury. 
 
 t Wood's Fasti, ed Bliss, ii. 208. 
 
 $ B. Willis. Lincoln, I). 108. 
 
40 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Uppingham in 1669, and was buried there without 
 any memorial, July 19th.* 
 
 John Ridley, who wrote some Greek verses pre- 
 fixed to our author's " Pisgah- Sight," was B. A. of 
 King's College, Cambridge, 1616.f 
 
 Bishop Hacket makes favourable mention of 
 Fuller's Church History in his Life of Archbishop 
 Williams, J and Fuller fails not to notice him with 
 due regard in his account of Trinity College. " Be- 
 sides many worthies still alive, John Hacket, Doc- 
 tor of Divinity, whose forwardness in furthering 
 these my studies, I can only deserve with my 
 prayers. Dr. Henry Feme, whose pen hath pub- 
 lished his own worth. Master Herbert Thorndyke, 
 so judicious and industrious in setting forth the 
 many-languaged [Polyglot] Bible. Mr. James 
 Duport, so much the more prized by others, for his 
 modest undervaluing his own worth ; with many 
 more whose number God daily increase." 
 
 Dr. Ferne was the son of Sir John Feme of 
 York, where he was born. He was educated at 
 Uppingham School, by the care of his father-in-law 
 Sir Thomas Neville of Holt in Leicestershire. He 
 studied for two years at St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, 
 and was thence removed to Trinity College, Cam- 
 
 * NichoH's Leicestershire, and Kennet, p. 234. 
 
 t Probably related to Sir Thomas Ridley, knt. LL.D. 
 who wrote a View of the Ecclesiastical Laws, was a native of 
 Ely, and a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and after- 
 ward Chancellor of Winchester, and Vicar General to the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury. He died a.d. 1629-30, January 
 22. See Fullers Worthies, yol.i. p. 164. 
 
 t Pt.i. p. 164. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D,D. 41 
 
 bridge 1620 ; there he proceeded B. A. 1623, M. A. 
 1626, and D. D. 1641. He was soon appointed by 
 the venerable Bishop ^Morton one of his domestic 
 chaplains, and by his college preferred to the Church 
 of Masham in Yorkshire, and soon after by his 
 brother-in-law Henry Neville of Holt, Esq. to the 
 Church of Medbourn in Leicestershire. This Henry 
 Neville was also a friend of Dr. Fuller and a bene- 
 factor to his work upon the ffoh/ Land, and, ac- 
 cordingly, his arms are engraved on our author's 
 map of Egypt in that work. Bishop Williams made 
 Dr. Feme Archdeacon of Leicester. He was ever 
 a constant and laborious preacher; and having suf- 
 fered in the royal cause, was, on the Restoration, 
 made master of Trinity College, Cambridge, Pre- 
 bendary and then Dean of Ely, and in 1662 Bi- 
 shop of Chester, but died five weeks after his pro- 
 motion to that see. 
 
 Whilst at Sidney Sussex College, Fuller had for 
 his companion and fellow-lodger or chum, Rowland 
 Litton, Knt. of Knebworth near Stevenage.* Sir 
 Rowland Litton, or Lytton, was of a family settled 
 at Knebworth at least by the time of Henry VIII, 
 in the 37th year of whose reign we find Robert 
 Lytton sheriff for the county of Hertford. This 
 family came from another of the same name in 
 Derbyshire. Sir Rowland was born in 1615, and 
 was son of Sir William, sherifi" of the county in the 
 first year both of James and Charles I. His grand- 
 father Sir Rowland was lieutenant of Hertfordshire, 
 
 * Rolandus Lytton adraissus est Pensionarius major Jan. 
 24, an. 1631, an. nat. 18. Regist. Col. Sid. 5u^4. 
 
42 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 and led the county forces to the camp at Tilbury in 
 1588. Our Sir Rowland's father dying; in 1660, 
 he succeeded to the estate of Knebworth. He was 
 M. P. for the county of 'Hertford in the Parliament 
 of the 12th of Charles II., called the Healing Par- 
 liament ; Sheriff of the county in the 14th of the 
 same reign, and many years a Justice of the Peace, 
 and Deputy Lieutenant. He married Judith, the 
 youngest daughter of Humphrey Edwards, a mer- 
 chant of London and of Chelsea. This lady died 
 before him, May 14, 1659. aged forty-five years. 
 He died Nov. 1, 1674, and was buried at Kneb- 
 worth on the 3rd of that month. The family-name 
 became extinct in the last century, and the estate 
 came by marriage to William Earl Bulwer of Hey- 
 don Hall, Suffolk, by Elizabeth-Barbara, daughter 
 of Richard Warburton, who took the surname of 
 Lytton. A modern-gothic mansion stands on the 
 site of the antient seat, which was of considerable 
 extent and partly embattled.* 
 
 Fuller has perpetuated his early friendship with 
 Sir Rowland Lytton by dedicating to him the fourth 
 section of his History of the University of Cam- 
 bridge.f 
 
 Return we in the next chapter from the friends 
 of our author in the University to himself, who for 
 three years officiated in it, and there probably laid 
 the foundation of his " Pisgah-Sight " and " Holy 
 War." 
 
 * Chauncy's and Clutterbuck's Hertfordshire. 
 
 t Sir Rowland's father Sir William Lytton, was one of the 
 Parliamentary Committee sent to treat with the king at Ox- 
 ford, January, ld4J. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, DD. 43 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Dr. Fuller s preaching at Cambridge. 
 
 ULLER was in 1630 presented by 
 the ^Master and Fellows of Corpus 
 Christi College to the perpetual Cu- 
 racy of St. Bene't, Cambridge. In this 
 Church he appears to have preached 
 his Lectures on the Book of Ruth, which he pub- 
 lished in 1654, that it might not be done by other 
 hands from the imperfect notes which had been 
 taken by some who heard them. In the Epistle 
 Dedicatory he observes, " They were preached in 
 an eminent place, when I first entered into the min- 
 istry above twenty years since."* Of this book "the 
 first chapter," he saith, " sheweth that many are the 
 troubles of the righteous, and the three last do shew 
 that God delivereth them out of all." 
 
 Perhaps there are few instances which so strik- 
 ingly illustrate the great design of Scripture, — that 
 it should bear witness to Christ, — than this book ; 
 
 * In p. 42 be speaks of Gustavus Adolphus King of 
 Sweden as then living, so that, these sermons were preached 
 some time before, 1632, the year of that famous Prince's 
 decease. 
 
44 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 few more striking instances how events apparently 
 the most private, and, to the eye of the world, un- 
 important, are all included in the divine purposes, 
 and made in their place subservient to that eternal 
 wisdom which disposes all the hearts and ways of 
 men. Fuller accordingly does not fail to notice 
 that but for this book genealogists had been at a 
 loss for four or five descents in deducing the genea- 
 logy of our Saviour ; and that under the conversion 
 of Ruth the Moabitess, and her reception into the 
 ancestry of the Son of David, is typified the taking 
 of the Gentiles into the sheepfold of the great 
 Shepherd. The lectures include only the two first 
 chapters, and are not unworthy the author of the 
 " Holy State." They evince that moderation, that 
 benevolence, and that practical piety which ever 
 characterized their author. The following extracts 
 will possess a double interest, as being the first-fruits 
 of one so ingenious. 
 
 " Bear with patience hght afflictions, when God 
 afflicteth his children with long lasting punishments. 
 Mutter not for a burning fever of a fortnight : what 
 is this to the woman that had a running issue for 
 twelve years? Murmur not for a twelvemonth's 
 quartan ague ; 'tis nothing to the woman that was 
 bowed for eighteen years; nor seven year's con- 
 sumption, to the man that lay thirty-eight years 
 lame at the pool of Bethesda." * 
 
 " Many men have had affliction, none like Job ; 
 many women havehad tribulation, none like Naomi."t 
 
 " This was the privilege of the people of the Jews, 
 
 * p. 30. 
 
 t p. 33. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.B. 45 
 
 that they were styled God's people, but now Ammi 
 is made Lo-Ammi,* and Ruchama, Lo-Iluchama ; 
 and we the Gentiles are placed in their room ; let 
 us therefore remember the words of St. Paul, Rom. 
 xi. 21. Be not highrninded hut fear , for if God 
 spared not the natural branches of the olive, fear 
 that he will not spare thee also. 
 
 " O that He would be pleased to cast his eye of 
 pity upon the poor Jews, which for 1500 years and 
 upwards have wandered without law, without lord, 
 without land, and, as once they were, so once again 
 to make them his people."f 
 
 Men are ever prone to extremes. Not a few 
 well-meaning persons and sincerely attached to the 
 doctrines of the Church of England still seem to 
 pride themselves in a certain degree of noncon- 
 formity, and in a vague depreciation of the Fathers 
 without any respect to their peculiar merit as the 
 depositaries of cotemporary history both civil and 
 ecclesiastical, as early and faithful apologists, prov- 
 ing in their own persons the early acknowledgment 
 of the great principle that Jesus was the end of 
 prophecy ; to say nothing of their witness against 
 the corruptions of later times, their unrivalled elo- 
 quence, their familiar acquaintance with the scrip- 
 tures, and the fact that it pleased divine Providence 
 by their works to facilitate the labours of the Re- 
 formers, and to furnish them with weapons both 
 ofiFensive and defensive in that truly sacred war by 
 which they recovered to the world the doctrine of 
 the Word of God. 
 
 * Hosea i. 9, and 6. 
 
 t p. o9. 
 
46 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 The Reformers ma}'^ be said indeed as a body to 
 have come forth out of the school of St. Augustine, 
 that Father, whose piety and fervour have engaged 
 the hearts of all who have looked into his pages. 
 In our own day he has found an advocate, where 
 perhaps many would not have looked for one, in 
 Dr. Waddington, who, though probably no predesti- 
 narian, has dealt with the name of Augustine in a 
 spirit of candour that cannot be too highly com- 
 mended.* 
 
 The Reformers, whilst they appealed to all the 
 Fathers, as witnesses against the great corruptions 
 of the Romish Church, made especial use of St. 
 Augustine. They admitted that the Fathers, 
 though they retained the doctrines of justification 
 by Faith only, and of the Atonement, had in their 
 controversies with the heathen, inclined to philoso- 
 phize and pelagianize, as was the saying of Bishop 
 Cox. Even Montagu, in his Appello Ccasarem, 
 does not profess to justify all their expressions on 
 the power of the will. St. Augustine, then, the 
 Reformers contended, had drank more deeply than 
 not a few both before and since his day, into the 
 true meaning, and into the deep mysteries of scrip- 
 ture. There they found the great principle of the 
 Reformation, the ascribing all glory to God. There 
 they found at once that truth which they applied fear- 
 lessly to the mystery of iniquity, until they exposed, 
 and by the aid of the Truth himself overthrew it. 
 No wonder then, that in our homilies,-}- a preference 
 
 * See bis Hht. of the Church, pp. 170—172, vol. i. 1831. 
 t " St. Augustine, the best learned of all ancient doc- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 47 
 
 is expressly asserted for this second apostle of grace, 
 this fervent, humble, and most exemplary, of the 
 ancient Fathers and Doctors. And if we consider, 
 how far more animating, how far more happy and 
 heavenly-minded the whole tone of St. Augustine, 
 in comparison of the great favourite of the moderns, 
 St. Chrysostom, we shall not be surprised to find in 
 St. Augustine a clearer knowledge of divine things, 
 a closer assimilation to the teaching of the Apostles. 
 Well was it then for the Church of England, that 
 " the influence of St. xAugustine has descended 
 through the Reformers to us and to our church." * 
 Those who prefer the study of the Greek Fathers 
 to the scriptures, and who profess to believe the scrip- 
 tures according to a system gathered principally out 
 of them, would caution their followers against too 
 great a regard for St. Augustine.f His peculiarities 
 are to them as unwelcome as the term " Protestant." 
 For they breathe not the same air ; they live not 
 on the same food ; they work not from the same 
 motives ; it is not with them, Grace awakening love. 
 But this is not all ; these who profess thus to have 
 no faith of their own, have taken up rather with the 
 later than the earher Fathers ; have disingenu- 
 ously discarded them upon the great doctrine of 
 justification ; have also deserted them in their doc- 
 trine of the sufficiency of the scriptures ; have 
 
 tors." Second Part of the Sermo7i against Peril of Idolatry. 
 Homilies, p. 209. London. Rivingtons, 1825. 
 
 * Dr. Pusefs Preface to the Confessions of St. Augustine, 
 Oxf. 1838, p. xxi. t Ibid. p. xvii. 
 
 ^ See Fabers Provincial Letters, vol. ii. 
 
48 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 mixed up the errors of the later and darker ages with 
 their eclectic theology ; and have created a pre- 
 judice with the ignorant against the Fathers, by 
 calling themselves what they are not, patristic di- 
 vines. They are simply semi-Roinanists, and are 
 now indeed beginning openly to disavow the prin- 
 ciples of the English Reformation.* 
 
 But the true Via Media avoids both these ex- 
 tremes. In that way Fuller walked. He did not 
 elevate Whitaker or Calvin, or any of their co- 
 temporaries, as his sole masters, to the disparaging 
 of the " old Fathers and Doctors." Herein he was 
 unlike those who are content to draw all their in- 
 formation from Scott or Owen, or some Father of 
 the later ages. Only change the names, and the same 
 deference is paid to the recent by some, as to the 
 more Sincieut jFathers by others. Nor did he pro- 
 fess to believe second-hand, as though the scriptures 
 could only be seen through the medium of many 
 and voluminous writings of comparatively later date. 
 He, with the early divines of our church, professed 
 to venerate what in the ancients was worthy of 
 veneration, but to judge of them and of their 
 works, as St. Augustine tells us, he himself did of 
 St. Cyprian and of all his predecessors, by the 
 scriptures. 
 
 Accordingly, if some men conceived prejudices 
 against what the Fathers and our own church prac- 
 
 * " And as we go on, we must recede more and more from 
 the principles, if any such there be, of the English Reforma- 
 tion."— -Bni. Critic, p. 45. June, 1841. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 49 
 
 tised, because it bore a remote resemblance in their 
 eyes to this or that ill practice of the Church of 
 Rome ; Fuller did not follow them herein, as though 
 they were in the place of the Fathers, which indeed 
 these modern lights would most gladly be esteemed. 
 So he observes of commemoration of the dead : " It 
 is no popery, nor superstition, to praise God for the 
 happy condition of his servants departed ; the an- 
 cient patriarchs, the inspired prophets, the holy 
 apostles, the patient martyrs, the religious confes- 
 sors. When the tribe of Reuben, Gad, and half 
 Manasses erected the altar ed* at the passage over 
 Jordan, it startled all the rest of the tribes, as if 
 under it they had hatched some superstitious de- 
 sign ; whereas, indeed, the altar was not intended 
 for sacrifice, but was merely an altar of memorial, 
 to evidence to posterity that these two tribes and 
 a half, (though divided from the rest by the river 
 Jordan) were conjoined with them in the worship 
 of the same God. In like manner, when some mi- 
 nisters f thank God for the departure of his ser- 
 vants, some people are so weak, and some so wilful 
 to condemn such for passages of popery, as if su- 
 perstitious prayers were made for their departure; 
 whereas, indeed, such congratulation, on the con- 
 trary, speaks our confidence in their present bliss 
 and happiness, and continueth the church militant 
 with the church triumphant, as the completing one 
 entire catholic church of Jesus Christ." ± 
 
 * Ed, a witness, the altar of testimony. — Josh. xxii. 10. 
 i Probabl)' in the Bidd'uig Prayer. t P. 67, 
 
 E 
 
50 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Most characteristic of their author are the fol- 
 lowing passages selected from these lectures. 
 
 " The monument less subject to casualty is, to 
 imitate the virtues of our dead friends ; in other 
 tombs the dead are preserved ; in these, they may 
 be said to remain alive.'* * 
 
 " Always preserve in thyself an awful fear, lest 
 thou shouldst fall away from God. Fear to fall, and 
 Assurance to stand, are two sisters ; and though 
 Cain said, he was not his brother's keeper, sure I 
 am, that this Fear doth watch and guard her sister 
 Assurance : Tantus est gradus certitndinis, quan- 
 tus sollicitudinis. They that have much of this fear, 
 have much certainty ; they that have little, little 
 certainty ; they that have none, have none at all." f 
 
 " Oh that there were such an holy ambition and 
 heavenly emulation in our hearts ; that as Peter 
 and John ran a race which should come first to the 
 grave of our Saviour ; so men would contend, who 
 should first attain to true mortification." :j: 
 
 " After proof and trial made of their fidelity, we 
 are to trust our brethren without any farther sus- 
 picion. Not to try before we trust, is want of wis- 
 dom. Not to trust after we have tried, is want of 
 charity." § 
 
 Ruth, ii. 20. " Naomi never before made any 
 mention of Boaz, nor of his good deeds ; but now, 
 being informed of his bounty to Ruth, it puts her 
 in mind of his former courtesies. Learn from hence 
 new favours cause a fresh remembrance of former 
 
 » P. 67. t P. 86. 
 
 X p. 90. § P. 112. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 51 
 
 courtesies. WTierefore, if men begin to be forgetful 
 of those favours which formerly we have bestowed 
 upon them, let us flourish and varnish over our old 
 courtesies with fresh colours of new kindnesses ; so 
 shall we recall our past favours to their memories."* 
 
 " If envy, and covetousness, and idleness, were 
 not the hinderances, how might one Christian re- 
 ciprocally be a help unto another ! all have some- 
 thing ; none have all things : yet all might have all 
 things in a comfortable and competent proportion, 
 if seriously suiting themselves as Ruth and Naomi 
 did, that what is defective in one, might be supplied 
 in the other." f 
 
 In the register of St. Benet's parish is entered 
 the burial of the most illustrious of carriers, Mr. 
 Tliomas Hobson, January 12, 1631. Cambridge 
 will ever have cause to perpetuate his memory. 
 Milton wrote an epitaph for him, as those lines 
 have been styled, lines which, as they sport with 
 death, are to be regretted as a serious folly, every 
 way unworthy of so great a name. For himself, 
 Hobson raised a monument in his life-time, the 
 conduit which he erected in 1614. 
 
 On June 16, Fuller being then but twenty-three 
 years old, was presented by his uncle, Dr. Dave- 
 nant. Bishop of Sarum, to the prebendal stall of 
 Xetherhury in Ecclesid in the church of Sarum. 
 This stall is endowed with the impropriation of 
 Netherbury, in the Hundred of Beaminster and 
 county of Dorset. 
 
 ♦ P. 206. 
 
 t P. 223. 
 
62 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 In this same year appeared our author's first 
 publication, a poem entitled " David's Hainous 
 Sinne, Heartie Repentance, Heavie Punishment." 
 As it is more curious than important, 1 refer the 
 reader to the Biographia Britannica, where he will 
 find it reviewed at some length in the notes to the 
 author's memoir. This poem is dedicated in the 
 quaint style of the age and person, to the Honour- 
 able Mr. Edward, Mr. William, and Mr. Christo- 
 pher Montagu, sons to the Right Honourable Ed- 
 ward Lord Montagu of Bough ton. 
 
 With Edward, the eldest son of the first Lord 
 Montagu of Boughton, Fuller was personally ac- 
 quainted from his residence in the same college ; 
 for Edward, afterward Lord Montagu, was admitted 
 as a fellow-commoner of Sidney College on March 
 2, this same year (1631.) His noble parent, who 
 was indeed a type of the old English Baron for 
 hospitality and true patriotism, died in 1646, in the 
 Savoy, then a prison to which the Loyalists were 
 committed by the Parliamentarians. Fuller describes 
 him as a pious, peaceable, and hospitable patriot, 
 no seeker of popularity, but a lover of a quiet and 
 country life. 
 
 He founded two scholarships at Sidney Sussex 
 College, the first Master of which on its founda- 
 tion was his brother James, successively, Bishop of 
 Bath and Wells and of Winchester.* He also 
 
 * " James jMontagu, son to Sir Edward Montagu, knt. 
 was born at Boughton in this county ; [Northamptonshire] 
 bred in Christ College, in Cambridge. He was afterward* 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 63 
 
 built and endowed an almshouse at Weekly, near 
 Boughton. By his will he directs his body to be 
 buried in Weekly Church, near to his second sweet 
 faithful companion, (Frances, daughter of Thomas 
 Cotton, Esq. of Conington, near Elsworth, Hunt- 
 ingdonshire) ordering a monument to be erected 
 
 Master [the first] or rather Nursing Father to Sidney Col- 
 lege; [1595-1608] for he found it in bonds to pay twenty 
 marks per annum to Trinity College, for the ground whereon 
 it is built ; and left \{free, assigning it a rent for the discharge 
 thereof." Fuller records both in his * Worthies ;' and in his 
 ' History of the University of Cambridge,' how this prelate 
 expended a hundred marks to bring running water into the 
 King's Ditch to the great conveniency of the University. 
 
 On the death of Dr. George Boleyn, Prebendary of Can- 
 terbury and Chichester, and dean of Lichfield, Montagu 
 was preferred to that deanery, and installed July 16, 1605. 
 On the death of Dr. Eedes, dean of "Worcester, he was pre- 
 sented to the deanery of Worcester, Dec. 20, 1604; being 
 succeeded at Lichfield by Dr. William Looker, prebendary 
 of Sarum, of whom see an account in Wood's Athencz Oi- 
 onienses. On the death of Bishop Still, Dr. Montagu was 
 made Bishop of Bath and Wells ; Dr. Lake succeeding him 
 as dean of Worcester, and also as Bishop of Bath and Wells, 
 in 1616, when he was upon the death of Bishop Bilson 
 translated to Winchester, " being," says Fuller, "highly in 
 favour with King James, who did ken a man of merit as well 
 as anv prince in Christendom. He translated the works of 
 King James into I-atin, and improved his greatness to do 
 good offices therewith. He died anno dominil6J8; [being 
 succeeded at Winton by the great Bishop Andrewes] and 
 lieth buried within his/au- monument, within his fairer monu- 
 ment ; I mean a goodly tomb in the church of Bath, which 
 oweth its well-being and beauty to his munificence." — 
 Fuller s Worthies, vol. ii. p. 164. 
 
54 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 for himself and her, as he had set up one for his 
 first wife, at Chittingleigh, in Sussex.* 
 
 Christopher, his youngest son, never married.f 
 His eldest son, Edward, succeeded him in 1646, 
 as second Lord Montagu of Boughton. He was 
 nominated by the House of Lords with the Earls of 
 Pembroke and Denbigh, to receive the King's 
 person from the Scots and to conduct him to Hoi- 
 denby House. But he opposed the bringing hi» 
 
 * Fuller^s Worthies, Northamptonshire, p. 293. Bridge's 
 Northamptonshire, ii. p. 351. 
 
 + Of Lord Chief Justice Montagu, the grandfather of the 
 first Lord Montagu, see Sir J. Macintosh's Hist, of England 
 (vol. ii. pp. 280-283.) Of his signing the articles of suc- 
 cession in favour of Lady Jane Grey, see his own account 
 communicated to Fuller by Edward, first Lord Montagu, and 
 published in his Ch. Hist. b. viii. pp. 1-5. Edward Lord 
 Montagu's father was M.P. for ISorthamptonshire, and 
 Sheriff in the twelfth of Queen Elizabeth. He died at 
 Boughton, Jan. 26, 1601, and was buried near his father in 
 Weekly Church. Besides his eldest son, Edward first 
 Lord Montagu, he had James, Bishop of Winchester, and 
 Dean of the King's Chapel; Sir Waller Montagu, Knt. ; 
 Henry, the first Lord Montagu of Kimbolton, Viscount 
 Mandeville and Earl of Manchester ; Sir Charles of Cran- 
 brook, in the parish of Barking, Essex ; and Sir Sidney, 
 Master of Requests to Charles I. who married Paulina, 
 third daughter of John Pepys, Es<}. of Cottenham, Cambridge- 
 shire, To the honor of the late Lord Chancellor, Baron 
 Cottenham, be it recorded that he most handsomely pre- 
 sented to the Vicarage of St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire, the 
 present most deservedly esteemed incumbent, without re- 
 gard to those inferior motives which too often sway such 
 appointments. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 55 
 
 unhappy monarch to trial, and both himself and his 
 sons heartily engaged in the restoration of Charles 
 II. He married Anne, sole daughter, and at length 
 heir to Sir Ralph Winwood, Knt. of Ditton Park, 
 in Buckinghamshire, principal Secretary of State 
 to James I. and author of the " Memorials." This 
 lady was biassed in favour of the Puritans, and 
 against the Liturgy, wherefore her faithful and 
 honest father-in-law, (the first Lord Montagu) who 
 had the Common Prayer read daily in his house 
 morning and evening, said to her, " Daughter, if 
 you come to visit me, I will never ask why you 
 come not to prayers ; but if you come to cohabit 
 with me, pray with me, or live not with me." * The 
 second Lord Montagu, her husband, was a most 
 devoted friend of Fuller in his troubles, and pro- 
 vided at his own cost for the education of his elder 
 son, a kindness which he acknowledges in a dedi- 
 cation to his son Edward in the Map of Jerusalem 
 that accompanies his " Palestine," 
 
 His Lordship's brother William was appointed 
 Attorney General to Queen Catharine, and also 
 Chief Baron of the Exchequer by Charles II. His 
 first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Ralph Free- 
 man, of Aspeden, Herts. She died in 1647. He 
 then married a daughter of Sir John Aubrey, bart. 
 whom also he survived, and died in I707.f 
 
 * This lady was buried in St. Bartholomew's the Less, 
 London. 
 
 t To the Hon. William Montagu, Fuller dedicated his map 
 of the Land of Moriah, in his Pisgah-Sight." 
 
56 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 To his son Edward, Fuller dedicated his account 
 of the reign of Charles T. in his " Church His- 
 tory," memorializing the merits of his ancestors in 
 the dedication. 
 
 He was slain in a naval conflict in the attack of 
 the Dutch East India fleet, in the port of Bergen, 
 in Norway, in 1665, being then but in his twenty- 
 fifth year. His brother Ralph, a benefactor also to 
 the pubhcation of Fuller's " Pisgah- Sight," en- 
 nobled himself by his patriotic zeal in rescuing his 
 country from the tyranny of Romanism, and w^as in 
 1689 created Viscount Monthermer and Earl of 
 Montagu, in the county of Somerset. 
 
 In 1695, King William honoured him with a visit 
 at his seat at Boughton. In 1705, he w^as created 
 Duke of Montagu by Queen Anne. He died in 1 708. 
 
 Thus much of this noble family, too highly es- 
 teemed by Fuller to pass unnoticed in these pages. 
 
 In 1632, on February 7, our author's younger 
 brother was admitted of Sidney Sussex College. He 
 proceeded B.A. in 1635, and M.A. in 1639, being 
 then twenty-four years old.* 
 
 * liy the notice of him in the books of Sidney Sussex Col- 
 lege, it appears that he was about a year at the Grammar 
 School, Oundle, under Mr. Samuel Cobb; he then spent 
 some time at Aldwinckle St. Peter's, in a private school, 
 under one Archibald Simmers, a Scot, and lastly, studied 
 about a year and more at Over Dean and at Sutton, Bedford- 
 shire, under Mr. Joseph Kemp. 
 
 Samuel Cobb was B.A. of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 
 1614, and M.A. 1618. Joseph Kemp was B.A. of Christ 
 College, 1625, and M.A. 16^9. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 57 
 
 About April 1632 Fuller's father died, for on the 
 last day of that month John Webster B.D. was in- 
 stituted to the Rectory of St. Peter's, Aldwinckle. 
 
 In 1633, amongst the baptisms in Fuller's parish 
 of St. Benet, occurs the name of Thomas Wheelock, 
 son of Mr. Abraham Wheelock, minister, baptized 
 March the 20th. 
 
 In June, Fuller appears to have resigned the 
 church of St. Benet, for by the third of July, Mr. 
 Edward Palgrave, fellow and tutor of Corpus Christi 
 College, was inducted to the living. He was of the 
 county of Norfolk, and was ejected from his fel- 
 lowship April 8, 1644, by the Earl of Manchester. 
 
 In 1634, Fuller preached a sermon at Cambridge 
 on the Doctrine of Assurance. It was not indeed 
 printed until 1648. " This grace of assurance," he- 
 observes, " is not attainable with ease and idleness. 
 Christianity is a laborious profession." After va- 
 rious illustrations of this topic, he lays down as the 
 plain doctrine of the text, (2 Pet. i. 10) that assur- 
 ance of one's calling and election may, without any 
 miraculous revelation, be in this life acquired ; se- 
 
 " William Laxton, son to John Laxton of Oundle, was 
 bred a grocer in London, where be so prospered by bis pain- 
 ful endeavours, tbat be was cbosen Lord Major a.d. 1.544. 
 He founded a fair scbool and almshouse at Oundle, with 
 convenient maintenance, well maintained at this day by the 
 worshipful company of Grocers ; and bath been, to my know- 
 ledge, the nursery of many scholars most eminent in the 
 University." He died a.d. 1.556, July -29, and lietb buried 
 under a fair tomb, in the chancel of St. .-Vntony's, London. 
 W orthies, vol. ii. Ed. Nichols, p. 173. 
 
58 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 condly, that such assurance is a separable fruit or 
 effect, not of every true, but only of some strong 
 faiths, whereby the party is persuaded of the cer- 
 tainty of his calling" and election. " I say, separ- 
 able, to manifest my dissenting from such worthy 
 divines, who make this assurance to be the very 
 being, essence, life, soul, and formality of faith it- 
 self. Whence these two opinions as false as dan- 
 gerous must of necessity be inferred, first, that 
 every one who hath true faith, and is eternally to 
 be saved, hath always some measure of this assur- 
 ance : secondly, that such who are devoid of this 
 assurance, are likewise deprived of all sincere faith 
 for the present. But God forbid any preacher 
 should deliver doctrines so destructive to Christian 
 comfort on the one side and advantageous to spi- 
 ritual pride on the other. Such will prove car- 
 nificince, the racks and tortures of tender con- 
 sciences. And as the careless mother killed her 
 little child, for she overlaid it, so the weight of this 
 heavy doctrine would press many poor but pious 
 souls ; many faint but feeble infant-faiths to the pit 
 of despair, exacting and extorting from them more 
 than God requires, — that every faith should have 
 assurance with it, or else be ineffectual to salva- 
 tion." 
 
 He then proceeds to state the proper ground of 
 assurance, which he does in a syllogism. 
 
 " The Major. 
 " He that truly repenteth himself of his sins, and 
 relieth with a true faith upon Christ, is surely called, 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 59 
 
 and by consequence elected before all eternity to be 
 a vessel of honour." 
 
 " TJie Minor. 
 " But I truly repent myself of my sins, and rely 
 with a true faith on God in Christ." 
 
 " The Conclusion, 
 " Therefore, I am truly called and elected," &.c. 
 
 To arrive at such an assurance, we must have, 
 he adds, the testimony of our conscience to the 
 truth of our repentance and sincerity of our faith : 
 secondly, the witness of the Holy Spirit {Rom. viii. 
 16). " Now we must with sorrow confess that this 
 doctrine of the Spirit dwelling in the hearts of God s 
 servants, is much discountenanced of late, and the 
 devil thereupon hath improved his own interest. To 
 speak plainly, it is not the fierceness of the hon, 
 nor the fraud of the fox, but the mimicalness of the 
 ape, which in our age hath discredited the un- 
 doubted truth. But what if the apes in India 
 finding a glow-worm, mistook it to be true fire, 
 and heaping much combustible matter about it, 
 hoped by their blowing of it, thence to kindle a 
 flame ; I say, what, if that animal y^XuToiroiov, that 
 mirth-making creature deceived itself, doth it thence 
 follow that there is no true fire at all ? And what 
 if some fanatical anabaptists by usurpation have 
 entitled their brainsick fancies to be so many illu- 
 minations of the Spirit, must we presently turn 
 Sadducees in this point, and deny that there is any 
 Spirit at all ? God forbid." 
 
60 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 This Sadduceeism led some learned writers of 
 the last century to explain of the extraordinary op- 
 erations of the Holy Spirit, all that is found in the 
 epistles of the witness of the Spirit. Thus did they 
 attempt to overthrow what they regarded as the fa- 
 naticism of Whitfield, but with the most Christian 
 gentleness, and with ability perhaps rarely sur- 
 passed, did he unravel and detect all the sophistry 
 of his antagonists. 
 
 The Church of Rome, as she is the mystery of 
 iniquity, so she has a double answer always at hand. 
 Some have concluded that she allows this doctrine 
 of the assurance of salvation. But certainly she 
 anathematizes all such as would without a special 
 revelation, apply the belief of the gift of final per- 
 severance to themselves.* 
 
 " The third and last witness we will insist on," 
 adds our author, " is that comfort and contentment 
 the conscience of the party takes in doing good 
 works, and bringing forth the fruits of new obedi- 
 ence ; that though he knows his best good works 
 are straitened with corruptions and many imperfec- 
 tions, yet because they are the end of his vocation, 
 and the justifiers of his faith ; because thereby the 
 gospel is graced, wicked men amazed, some of 
 them converted, the rest confounded ; weak Chris- 
 tians confirmed, the poor relieved, devils repining 
 at them, angels rejoicing for them, God himself 
 glorified by them ; I say, because of these and other 
 reasons, he doth good deeds with humility and 
 
 CouuciL of Trent, Sess. vi. Canon 16. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, V.D. 61 
 
 cheerfulness, and findeth a singular joy in his soul 
 resulting from the doing thereof." 
 
 Had the same comprehensiveness been preserved 
 by all who delighted to dwell upon the doctrine of 
 assurance, it would not, with the system of which 
 it forms a part, have been so misconceived of at 
 least in the minds of many ; it would not have been 
 made such a handle of presumption. Those who 
 are so taken up in handling the gospel as to leave 
 no place for the law ; so full of comfort as to leave 
 no room for instruction ; so given to recur to the 
 promises as to forget or perhaps ignorantly to con- 
 demn the enforcing of the commandments, lead 
 their followers into the worst kind of assurance, 
 and nourish spiritual pride both in themselves and 
 others. 
 
 Fuller speaks of some who depart in doubt, and 
 yet of whom he saith, that there could be no doubt 
 with respect to the sincerity of their piety. A 
 weak faith indeed there may be, and inward jov and 
 light may know their declensions, and the verv 
 weakness of the body may affect our spirits, and our 
 spirits will affect our thoughts, and call up a sad 
 company of melancholy images. 
 
 But, surely the general rule is, that godly sorrow 
 will not be without inward peace, and peace with 
 God cannot but at times bring joy after it, and the 
 gifts of heavenly grace will awaken thankfulness. 
 This is the rule. Accordingly, our author himself 
 admirably observes in this sermon ; "All heavenly 
 gifts as they are got by prayer, are kept, confirmed, 
 and increased by praises." 
 
62 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 " Presumption," he remarks, " is hot poison ; it 
 kills its thousands, makes quick riddance of men's 
 souls to damnation. Despair, we confess, is poison, 
 and hath killed its thousands, but the venom thereof 
 is more curable, as more cold and faint in the ope- 
 ration thereof. Take heed, therefore, of presump- 
 tion, lest the confidence of the assurance of thy 
 calling betray thee to spiritual pride, that to se- 
 curity, that to destruction." 
 
 Such faithful preaching is but too unfashionable. 
 Yet what but presumption is likely to ensue in those 
 congregations which are always cloyed with cor- 
 dials ? What other effect is likely to attend the fa- 
 cile labours of those, all whose looks are smiles, 
 and whose preaching is a perpetual canticle ; who 
 are ever wooing their congregations, thus abusing 
 that much misquoted precedent of him who became 
 all things to all men that he might save some ; him 
 who as sternly rebuked hypocrisy and worldly com- 
 pliances, as he tenderly consoled the dejected and 
 condescended to the weak. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 G3 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Dr. Fuller removes to Broad- Windsor. 
 
 HE paternal kindness of Bishop 
 Davenant was again evinced in his 
 nephew Fuller's behalf, whom in 
 1634, he collated to the Rectory of 
 Broad Windsor, near Beaminster in 
 the county of Dorset. The parish of Broad Windsor 
 consisting for the most part of a rich vale of mea- 
 dows and orchards, watered by small brooks and 
 bounded by bold hills, (of which Leweston and 
 Pillesdon are well-known,) is from five to six miles 
 in length, and from two to three in breadth. The 
 village is nearly at the south-east extremity. 
 
 The church is of an ancient period, probably 
 about the beginning of the thirteenth century. It 
 was dedicated to St. John the Baptist, and consists 
 of a nave, aisles, chancel, and a tower with a turret 
 at one corner. In the north aisle are two altar- 
 tombs, and near them in a niche a piscina. The 
 pulpit is very old, but its carvings disfigured by 
 sundry coatings of paint. 
 
64 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Whilst at Broad Windsor, Fuller was on terms 
 of intimacy with the family of the Drakes, de- 
 scendants of the famous Sir Francis Drake. To 
 this family belonged the manor of Childhay, until 
 about the beginning- of the reign of Charles I. 
 Henry Drake, called in Fuller's Life of Sir Francis * 
 his " dear and worthy parishioner," married Amy, 
 widow of Sir Arthur Champernoun. He died in 
 1640, and his widow in 1645. f Now also Fuller 
 probably became acquainted with the Rev. Robert 
 Gomersall, Vicar of Thorncombe, on the borders 
 of Devon. He was a native of London, and studied 
 at Christ Church, Oxford, of which college he was 
 B.D. 1628. He was a poet of some note in his own 
 times, and contributed some laudatory verses to 
 Fuller's Holy War. 
 
 Amongst his friends also was Dr. Gilbert Iron- 
 side, Rector of Winterbourn Stapleton cum Winter- 
 bourn Abbot's, and, at the Restoration, Bishop of 
 Bristol. His son of the same name, Warden of 
 W adham College, was raised by William HL to the 
 same bishopric ; also, Sir Thomas Trenchard; Hugh 
 Wyndham, Bart, of Pilsdcn Court ; Sir Gerard 
 Napier ; X Gregory Browne, ancestor of Sir Robert 
 
 * Hoii) State, B. ii. p. 129,3rd Kd. 
 t Huichvts' Dorset, i. p. 608. 
 
 ^ Sir Gerard Napier, of Middlemarsli Hall, was created 
 ji baronet June 25, 1G41. He married Margaret, daughter 
 of John Colles or Coles, Esq. of Pitminster in Somersetshire. 
 His estates in Dorset and Kent were sequestered in 1645. 
 He entertained the King at More Critchell in 1665. He 
 died in 1673. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 65 
 
 i3ro\vne, Bart. M.P. for Ilchester, who died 1760; 
 and John Fitzjames,* Esq. of Leweston, four miles 
 south of Sherborne. Sir Thomas Trenchard took 
 part with the Parliamentarians ; Sir Gerard Napier 
 suffered greatly in the royal cause. 
 
 In 1635, Fuller revisited Cambridge to take his 
 first degree in divinity. " Having taken care," says 
 his anonymous biographer, "to supply his place 
 for the time of his absence, at his setting forth he 
 was acquainted, that four of his chief parishioners, 
 with his good leave, were ready to wait on him to 
 Cambridge, to testify their exceeding engagements ; 
 it being the sense and request of his whole parish. 
 This kindness was so present and so resolutely 
 pressed, that the Doctor with many thanks for that 
 and other demonstrations of their love towards him, 
 gladly accepted of their company, and with his cus- 
 tomary innate pleasantness entertained their time to 
 the journey s end. 
 
 " At this commencement there proceeded with 
 him in the same degree of Bachelor of Divinity 
 three other reverend persons, all with general ap- 
 plause and commendation ; and therefore, to do 
 them no wrong, I forbear to give the deceased 
 Doctor his particular due. Only thus much by 
 the way may be added, that this commencement 
 cost the Doctor for his particular the sum of seven 
 score pounds, an evidence of his liberality and 
 
 * He -was the son of Sir John Fitzjaraes, and died the 
 year before his father, 1669, aud was buried in the ante-choir 
 of the Temple Church. 
 
 F 
 
66 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 largeness of mind proportionable to his other ca- 
 pacities, and yet, than which, nothing was less stu- 
 died.* 
 
 " At his departure he was dismissed with as 
 honourable valedictions, and so he returned in the 
 same company (who had out of their own purse 
 contributed another addition of honour to that so- 
 lemnity) to his said rectory at Broad Windsor, re- 
 solving there to spend himself and the time of his 
 pilgrimage amongst his dear and loving charge." 
 
 By the Univey^sity Subscriptions it appears that 
 Fuller took the degree of B.D. on the 1 1th of June 
 1633 ; and that not three, but double that number 
 took the same degree on that day ; John Cornelius, 
 B.D. of Pembroke College ; John Vaughan, B.D. 
 fellow of Pembroke College, and ejected thence by 
 the Parliamentarians ; John Novell, also of Pem- 
 broke College; Gavin Nash, also of that founda- 
 tion ; John Philips, of Magdalen College ; George 
 Kindleton, of Jesus College, and Godfrey Eodes, 
 of Sidney College. 
 
 John Cornelius was, on the Restoration, made 
 D.D. by royal mandate, and Prebendary of North 
 Kelsey, in the church of Lincoln, and died in 1674, 
 being Vicar of Clavering in Essex. He was pre- 
 viously to the Restoration, Rector of Bildeston in 
 Suffolk, June 1637, and of Helmingham, in the 
 same county, in January 1639. 
 
 John Novell, whilst keeping his Act on this oc- 
 
 « On April 29, 1647, a statute was made to abolish the 
 feasts formerly given upon the taking of degrees. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 67 
 
 casion was publicly reproved by Dr. Ward, for his 
 novel theology ; he was of the school of Laud, and 
 was chaplain to Bishop Wren. He was instituted 
 to Walton and Felixstow, Suffolk, in March 1635 ; 
 and collated by Bishop Wren to the rectory of 
 Topcroft in Norfolk, 1636, to that of Downham 
 near Ely in 1639, and to North wold in Norfolk in 
 1644. He died before the Restoration ; and in 
 June 1661, Dr. W^ren was instituted to his living 
 of Northwold. 
 
 John Philips, B.D. of IVIagdalen College, was 
 Vicar of Aylsham, Norfolk, whence he was ejected 
 in 1644, but restored in 1661. The only person 
 who can compare with Fuller for celebrity, of all 
 those w^ho at different seasons proceeded to the 
 degree of B.D. in 1635, was Edmund Castell, of 
 Emmanuel College, the compiler of the Lexicon 
 Heptaglotton. 
 
 Return we now from this most costly commence- 
 ment to Broad Windsor, with worthy Master 
 Fuller. And there we may imagine him indus- 
 triously preparing his once popular history of the 
 Crusades. 
 
 The " History of the Holy War " is dated from 
 Broad Windsor, March 6, 1639, and is dedicated 
 to Edward Lord Montagu, of Boughton, and John 
 Lord Poulett of Hinton St. George in Somerset- 
 shire. The noble family of Poulett have been 
 settled at Hinton St. George from the reign of 
 Henry VL Fuller's patron was the son of Sir 
 Anthony Poulett, Governor of Jersey, was raised 
 to the peerage in 1627, and faithfully served his 
 
68 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 sovereign in the civil wars. Fuller was, with other 
 of his brethren who adhered to the then despised 
 doctrines of the Reformation, happy in the high 
 esteem and cordial friendship of this illustrious 
 family, especially of Lady Poulett.* Her husband 
 died March 20, 1649. Fuller dedicated to this 
 lady the 5th section of his History of Abbies in the 
 Church History, and in a strain of gratitude that 
 only the most unfeigned friendship could have drawn 
 forth. In his " British Worthies " he records that, 
 at her suggestion, Lord Poulett presented to his 
 living of Lympsham, Dr. William Sclater of King's 
 College, son of Antony Sclater, for fifty years in- 
 cumbent of Leighton Buzzard. 
 
 Fuller's anonymous biographer acquaints us that 
 in the retirement of Broad Windsor, he prepared 
 his " Pisgah-Sight," a work abounding with interest 
 and, for the time in which it appeared, of no com- 
 mon value. " In the amenity and retirements of 
 this rural life, some perfection was given to those 
 pieces which soon after blest this age. From this 
 pleasant prospect he drew that excellent piece of 
 the Holy Land, Pisgah-Sight, and other tracts 
 relating thereto ; so that what was said bitterly of 
 some tyrants, that they made whole countries vast 
 sohtudes and deserts, may be inverted to the 
 eulogy of this Doctor, that he in these recesses, 
 made deserts — the solitudes of Israel, the frequented 
 
 * Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Christopher Ken, 
 Esq. of Ken Court. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. C9 
 
 path and track of all ingenious and studious per- 
 sons."* 
 
 In the course of this (1639) or the following 
 year, Fuller appears to have been on a visit at 
 Norwich; writing in 1660 he thus describes it; 
 " The cathedral therein is large and spacious, though 
 the roof in the cloisters be most commended. When 
 some twenf j/ years since, I was there, the top of the 
 steeple was blown down ; and an officer of the 
 church told me, ' that the wind had done them much 
 wrong, but they meant not to put it up,' whether 
 the wrong or the steeple, he did not declare. 
 
 " Amongst private houses, the Duke of Norfolk's 
 palace is the greatest I ever saw in a city, out of 
 London. Here is a covered bowling-alley (the first, 
 I believe, of that kind in England) on the same 
 token that when Thomas last Duke of Norfolk was 
 taxed for aspiring (by marriage of the Queen) to 
 the crown of Scotland, he protested to Queen Eliza- 
 beth, ' that when he was in his bowling-alley at 
 Norwich, he accounted himself as a king in Scot- 
 land.'f 
 
 " As for the Bishop s Palace, it was formerly a 
 very fair structure, but lately unleaded, and new- 
 covered with tile by the purchasers thereof ; whereon 
 a wag not un wittily, 
 
 " Thus palaces are altered ; we saw 
 
 John Leyden, now Wat Tyler, next Jack Straw." 
 
 * Life of Dr. Fuller, p. 12, London 1661. 
 
 t Camden's Elizabeth, anno 1569. 
 
70 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Indeed there be many thatched houses in the 
 city, so that Luther (if summoned by the Emperor 
 to appear in this place) would have altered his 
 expression, and said instead of ' tiles of the houses,' 
 that, ' if every straw on the roofs of the houses were 
 a devil, notwithstanding he would make his ap- 
 pearance.' However such thatch is so artificially 
 done (even sometimes on their chancels) that it is 
 no eyesore at all to the city." * 
 
 The Duke of Norfolk's Palace was in the fol- 
 lowing century fallen into decay, and " the stabling 
 which might, for the grandeur of its building, be 
 turned into a palace, is now (1746) the city work- 
 house, and is only parted from the river by a very 
 large garden, which used to be kept in good repair, 
 and resorted to by the most fashionable people in 
 the city."f 
 
 Since that period, the whole site has been sold 
 and built on by different proprietors. So the 
 authors of the Beauties of England and Wales, 
 who also inform us that this noble edifice mentioned 
 by Fuller, was commenced on the site of one more 
 antient in the year of grace 1602, by Henry Duke 
 of Norfolk. 
 
 * Worthiesof England, vo\.\\, \t. \b^. Ed. Nichols, 
 t Simpson's Compleat English Traveller, vol. iii. p. 643. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Convocation o/*1640. 
 
 N 1640, Fuller sat in the memorable 
 Convocation of that year, the acts 
 of which the reader will find in Nal- 
 sons Collections. Both Fuller and 
 Heylyn also have written copiously 
 upon it. I shall not go into a minute account of 
 its proceedings ; that would be fitter for a Church 
 History than for a memoir, and would be but 
 wearisome to such as are not professed Church- 
 antiquaries. 
 
 On Tuesday, April 14th, the Convocation as- 
 sembled in the Chapter-house of St. Paul's, and 
 proceeded thence to hear the sermon in the choir. 
 Dr. Turner, Chaplain to Laud, and Canon Resi- 
 dentiary of St. Paul's,* made a Latin sermon from 
 
 * Dr. Turner was a native of Reading, and admitted a 
 scholar of St, Jolin's College, Oxford, 1610. Laud made 
 him his domestic Chaplain, Prebendary of Newington, and 
 Chancellor of St. Paul's in 1629, and brought him into the 
 royal favour. So he was made one of the King's Chaplains, 
 D.D. in 1633; went that year with the King to Scotland ; 
 and in February 1641, was installed Dean of Rochester, in 
 the place of Dr. Henry King, now Bishop of Chichester. 
 
72 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Matth. X. 16. behold I send yoii forth as sheep 
 in the midst of ivolves. Toward the close of his 
 sermon he animadverted upon such of the Bishops 
 as followed not closely in the steps of his patron, 
 in pressing conformity strictly, upbraiding them as 
 seekers of popularity, by whose lukewarm courses 
 the other Bishops were unjustly exposed to the 
 charge of tyranny. After the service, Dr. Richard 
 Stewart, Dean of Chichester, was chosen Prolo- 
 cutor. 
 
 On Wednesday the 15th, the Convocation met 
 in Henry VII. Chapel, Westminster. Dr. Stewart 
 was presented by Sheldon to Laud as Prolocutor, 
 and the Archbishop, in a speech of about three 
 quarters of an hour's length, deplored the calamities 
 of the times. 
 
 He was also Rector of St. Olave's Southwark. In 1643, 
 the King made bim Dean of Canterbury. He was restored 
 to bis preferments in \6()0, and dying October 8tb, 1672, 
 or tbereabouts, was buried on tbe 17tb in tbe Catbedral of 
 Canterbury. He was tbe fatber of Dr. Turner, Bishop of 
 Ely, the non-juror. Dean Turner married Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of Sir Trancis Windebanke, Secretary of State to 
 Charles I. 
 
 Dr. Richard Stewart, the Prolocutor, was born of a gen- 
 teel family in Northamptonshire, was a commoner of Mag- 
 dalen Hall, Oxford, 1608; Fellow of All Soul's College, 
 1613, D.C.L. 1624 ; Prebendary of tbe first stall, Wor- 
 cester, 1628 ; Dean of Chichester, 1634; Prebendary of 
 Westminster, 1638; Prebendary of Pancras, 1641, being 
 then also Provost of Eaton, and Dean of the Chapel Royal. 
 He was designed for the Deanery of Westminster, 1645. He 
 went over to Paris, and died there 1651. Ten of his ser - 
 mons are extant. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.I). 73 
 
 The more moderate feared the result of this as- 
 sembHng, lest, untaught by the sad experience of 
 the past, the Primate and his friends should insert 
 into the new canons their obnoxious innovations. 
 
 Five canons were made in this convocation pre- 
 viously to the dissolution of parliament. The first, 
 concerning the regal power, appears (according to 
 Heylyn) not to have been considered until after 
 the dissolution of parliament. That which is reck- 
 oned the third was first treated of, for suppressing 
 the further growth of Popery, and reducing Pa- 
 pists to the Church. But this was suddenly with- 
 drawn for revision ; the Convocation proceeding 
 with the secondj^or the better keeping of the day 
 of his Majesty's most happy inauguration. For 
 the reduction of the Papists, conferences were to 
 be appointed to which they were to be compelled to 
 come. Recusants were to be excommunicated and 
 prosecuted in the High Commission Court, and to 
 be forbidden to keep school. Another canon was 
 passed to check Socinianism, which appears to have 
 increased more rapidly in this reign than under the 
 sway of those doctrines which had been depressed 
 by Laud and his followers in the new light of the 
 pretended Via Media. 
 
 This canon was followed by another against 
 Sectaries, Anabaptists, Brownists, Separatists, 
 Familists, and depravers of the Liturgy, and against 
 \ their books, and the printers and publishers of 
 them, &c. 
 
 So far the Bishops and Clergy had proceeded in 
 tl:^e work recommended to them, when the parlia- 
 
74 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 ment was most unhappily dissolved. "His Ma- 
 jesty," says Hacket, " had been forewarned by a 
 worthy counsellor, and a dying man, against that 
 error in the Christmas before, cujus mortem dolor 
 omnium celehrem fecit, Sym. Ep. p. 11. It was 
 Lord Keeper Coventry, who made but one request 
 with his last breath to the king, and sent it by Mr. 
 James Maxwell of the bedchamber, that his Ma- 
 jesty would take all distastes from the parliament 
 summoned against April ivith patience, and suffer 
 it to sit without an unkind dissolution. But the 
 barking of the living dogs was sooner heard than 
 the groaning of a dying lion ; for that parliament 
 ended in a few days, in its infancy, and in its 
 innocency, but the grief for it will never end."-'^ 
 
 Parliament was dissolved on Tuesday, May 5th, 
 and on Wednesday the Convocation met, with a 
 general expectation of dissolving also ; which would 
 probably have taken place, but that one of the 
 Clergy made the Archbishop acquainted with a 
 precedent in Queen Elizabeth's time, for the grant- 
 ing a subsidy or benevolence by convocation, to be 
 taxed and levied by sy7iodical acts and constitutions, 
 without help of the parliament; directing to the 
 records of the Convocation where it was to be 
 found.-]- 
 
 Soon after this, a new commission was brought 
 from his Majesty, " by virtue whereof," says Fuller, 
 
 * Bishop Racket's Life of Archbinhop Williams, Pt. ii. 
 p. 137. 
 
 t Heylyn's Life of Laud, p. 429. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 75 
 
 " we were warranted still to sit, not in the capacity 
 of a Convocation, but of a synod, to prepare our 
 canons for the royal assent thereunto. But Dr. 
 Brownrigg:, Dr. Hacket, Dr. Holdsworth,Mr. War- 
 mistre, with others to the number of thirty-six 
 (the whole house consisting of about six score) 
 earnestly protested against the continuance of the 
 Convocation." Amongst these was Fuller himself, 
 but they did not enter a record of their protest, 
 which Fuller acknowledges in his " Appeal of 
 Injured Innocence" to have been an oversight. 
 However, they " importunely pressed that it might 
 sink with the parliament, it being ominous and 
 without precedent, that the one should survive 
 when the other was expired. To satisfy these, an 
 instrument was brought into synod, signed with the 
 hands of the Lord Privy Seal (the Earl of Man- 
 chester), the two Chief Justices (Finch and Little- 
 ton), and other Judges, justifying our so sitting in 
 the nature of a synod, to be legal, according to 
 the laws of the realm." " This," says our author, 
 " made the aforesaid thirty-six dissenters (though 
 solemnly making their oral protests to the contrary, 
 yet) not to dissever themselves, or enter any act 
 in scriptis against the legality of this assembly : 
 the rather, because they hoped to moderate pro- 
 ceedings with their presence. Surely some of their 
 own coat, which since have censured these dissen- 
 ters for cowardly compliance, and doing no more 
 in this cause, would have done less themselves, if 
 in their condition." 
 
 " Now, because great bodies move slowly, and 
 
76 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 are fitter to be the consenters to than the contrivers 
 of business, it was thought fit to contract the synod 
 into a select committee of some six and twenty be- 
 sides the Prolocutor, who were to ripen matters, as 
 to the propounding and drawing up the forms to 
 what should pass, yet, so that nothing should be 
 accounted the act of the House, till thrice (as I take 
 it) publicly voted therein."* Now the canon was 
 passed touching the regal power, affirming the 
 order of Kings to be of divine right, the ordinance 
 of God himself; that the government of the Church 
 belongs in chief to Kings ; as also the power to 
 call and dissolve councils both national and pro- 
 vincial ; that the assertion of any independent co- 
 active power, either papal or popular, is treason as 
 well against God, as against the King: that for 
 subjects to bear arms against their Kings, either 
 offensive or defensive, is contrary to Scripture ; and 
 that the right of the King to all manner of necessary 
 support and supply, and of the subject to his pro- 
 perty are not contrary but agreeable, the one to the 
 other. This canon especially provoked the indigna- 
 tion of the parliament at an after period. 
 
 Next this assembly adopted an oath obliging the 
 clergy not only to obedience to the then constitution 
 of the Church, but to maintain it without seeking 
 directly or indirectly any alteration in the hierarchi- 
 cal form. This oath was to be taken by members 
 of the Universities, schoolmasters, &c. 
 
 * Fuller's Ch. Hiii. B. xi. pp. 167, 1G8. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 77 
 
 Then was drawn up " A Declaration concerning 
 some Rites and Ceremonies." 
 
 In this declaration, it was affirmed that the 
 standing of the Communion Table side-way under 
 the east window of every chancel or chapel, is in 
 its own nature indifferent, but that it is adjudged 
 fit and convenient that all churches and chapels do 
 conform themselves in this particular, to the ex- 
 ample of the Cathedral or mother-churches, saving 
 always the general liberty left to the Bishops by 
 law during the time of the administration of the 
 Holy Communion. "And we declare that this 
 situation of the holy table doth not imply that it is 
 or ought to be esteemed a true and proper altar, 
 whereon Christ is again really sacrificed : but it is, 
 and may be called an altar by us, in that sense 
 which the Primitive Church called it an altar, and 
 no other." 
 
 The Communion Table was to be railed about to 
 prevent the irreverent use of it, the putting of hats 
 upon it, common amongst those who abhor reve- 
 rence in worship. 
 
 Obeisance is also commended to all upon enter- 
 ing and upon leaving the Church or the Chancel, 
 " according to the most antient custom of the Pri- 
 mitive Church in the purest times, and of this 
 Church also, for many years of the reign of Queen 
 Ehzabeth. The receiving therefore of this an- 
 tient and laudable custom, we heartily commend to 
 the serious consideration of all good people, not 
 with any intention to exhibit any religious worship 
 to the Communion Table, the east, or Church, or 
 
78 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 any thing therein contained, in so doing ; or to 
 perform the said gesture in the celebration of the 
 holy eucharist, upon any opinion of the corporal 
 presence of the body of Christ on the holy table, 
 or in the mystical elements : but only for the ad- 
 vancement of God's Majesty, and to give him alone 
 that honour and glory that is due unto him, and no 
 otherwise. And in the practice or omission of this 
 rite we desire that the rule of chanty, prescribed 
 by the apostle, may be observed, which is, that 
 they which use this rite, despise not them who use 
 it not ; and that they who use it not, condemn not 
 those that use it." This was at least something 
 gained on the side of the less ceremonious party. 
 Time was, when to bow or not to bow was made a 
 more important question. 
 
 The most remarkable of the remaining canons 
 were those that were designed to check the ill 
 practices of Bishops' Chancellors, Commissioners, 
 &c. 
 
 Heylyn tells us that there had also been " a 
 design in deliberation, touching the drawing and 
 digesting of an English Pontifical, to be approved 
 by this Convocation, and tendered to his Majesty's 
 confirmation. Which said Pontifical was to con- 
 tain the form and manner of his Majesty's late 
 coronation, to serve for a perpetual standing rule 
 on the hke occasions ; another form to be ob- 
 served by all Archbishops and Bishops, for conse- 
 crating Churches, Churchyards, and Chapels; and 
 a third, for reconciling such penitents as either had 
 done open penance, or had revolted from the faith 
 
THOMAS FULLER. D.D. 
 
 79 
 
 to the law of 3Iahomet. Which three, together 
 with the form of Confirmation, and that of ordering 
 Bishops, Priests, and Deacons, which were then in 
 force, were to make up the whole body of the book 
 intended." Another scheme that failed was the 
 introduction of the service ui Latin into all Col- 
 leges and Halls, at least in the morning prayer : 
 so Heylyn appears to intimate.* 
 
 The canons were disallowed in the succeeding 
 parUament. The oath also fell to the ground, 
 Sanderson himself being amongst those who re- 
 garded the imposition of it as tending to endanger 
 the Church. 
 
 * Lij'e of Laud, p. 442. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 Fullers Joseph's Parti-coloured Coat. 
 
 ROM his numerous acquaintance it 
 was impossible but that Fuller must 
 have been well known, and from his 
 indefatigable labours as a student, 
 combined with the powerful recom- 
 mendation of his ready imagination, his popularity 
 as a preacher was rendered equally certain. Add 
 to this that his sermons had also the charm of truth, 
 so that his popularity was of the highest kind. It 
 did not commence amongst a swarm of butterflies ; 
 it grew not up amongst a crowd of itching ears. It 
 was not owing to their defects, but in spite of them, 
 that Fuller and Andrewes and others of the like 
 kind were in such estimation. But it must be al- 
 lowed that unseasonable as is wit in sacred things, 
 men are every where caught by it in spite of them- 
 selves. 
 
 Accordingly, when a collection of funeral ser- 
 mons was published in 1640, Fuller's name ap- 
 peared amongst the authors. These were Dr. 
 Daniel Featley, Archbishop Abbot's Chaplain, like 
 Fuller abundantly stored with all sorts of illustra- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, B.D. 81 
 
 tions and probably his superior in theological learn- 
 ing ; Dr. John Preston the Puritan Master of Em- 
 manuel College ; Dr. Martin Day, Chaplain to 
 James I., Rector of St. Faith's, London, and of 
 Stoke near Launceston, an intimate friend of the 
 famous Bishop Hall, to whom he dedicated a volume 
 of sermons ; Dr. Richard Holdsworth a friend of 
 Fuller; Dr. Richard Sibbes of St. John's College, 
 some time Master of Catharine Hall, and a writer 
 surpassed by none in that purity and depth of true 
 spirituality which also characterized Leighton in a 
 succeeding age : Dr. Thomas Taylor of Christ Col- 
 lege, Cambridge, and Thomas Fuller. Dr. Thomas 
 Taylor's works were much in request in his day. 
 He was born at Richmond in Yorkshire of an old 
 family, was ordained when twenty one years old, 
 and much esteemed as one of the preachers at St. 
 Paul's Cross, in the reigns of Elizabeth and James 1. 
 He was greatly opposed by Bishop Wren, who is 
 said to have done all in his power to prevent his 
 Doctor's degree. He also fell under the animad- 
 version of Bishop Harsnet, who silenced him. He 
 died of a pleurisy at Isleworth aged 56 years, and 
 was buried in St. Mary, Aldermanbury. Of the 
 Sermons in this volume (QprjvoiKo^ The House of 
 Mourning furnished), those entitled " Death's Prero- 
 gative," " Patriarchal Funeral," " True Accountant," 
 " Righteous Man," " Service to this Generation," 
 may perhaps be ascribed to Fuller. Internal evi- 
 dence would point to the 26th in this collection as 
 our author's. It is entitled " St. Paul's trumpet, or 
 an alarm for sleepy Christians." i?o 7n. xii. 11. At 
 
 G 
 
82 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 the beginning he introduces the account of St. Au- 
 gustine's conversion taken from his confessions. The 
 same topic is to be found in his sermon entitled 
 " A glass for gluttons." In this discourse the allusion 
 to sleep is very copiously wrought, and applied both 
 to the sincere and to the merely nominal Christian. 
 In speaking of the dead sleep of the world, he 
 brings before us the sleep of idolaters as the Ro- 
 manists, of adulterers, drunkards, sabbath-breakers, 
 oppressors, and the lukewarm. He enumerates as 
 the signs of their sleep who profess themselves 
 Christians, carelessness, sloth and thoughtlessness, 
 wasting of time, and willing departure from our first 
 zeal, affection, desire, and practice. 
 
 The occasion of this sermon is thus touched upon 
 at the end. " This shall suffice for the words; now 
 for our occasion : because this is my first occasion 
 of this kind, I must enter with a preface and that is 
 this : that as I have ever been in the course of my 
 ministry, so shall I be very sparing- in the praise of 
 the dead, because I know that these exercises are 
 appointed for the instructing of the living and the 
 consolation of those that survive, and not for the 
 praise and commemoration of the dead. 
 
 " Besides, I know and see by daily experience 
 every where, how few there be that in their life- 
 time deserve the praise of religion in their death. 
 For my part, I never did, nor never will gild a 
 rotten post or a mud wall, or give false witness in 
 praising ; to give the praise of religion to those that 
 deserve it not. I desire those of my congregation 
 would make their own funeral sermons while they 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 83 
 
 be living, by their virtuous life and conversation. 
 As the Apostle saith, * He hath not praise that is 
 praised of men, but he that is praised of God.' " 
 
 Of the rest of this volume the most remarkable 
 sermons are those " Upon Redeeming the Time ; "' 
 " Spiritual Heart's Ease, or the Way to Tranquil- 
 lity ; " " Faith's Triumph over the greatest trials ; " 
 " Peace in Death, or the quiet end of the Righteous ;" 
 and " Death in Birth, or, the fruit of Eve's Trans- 
 gression." 
 
 In this same year Fuller published a quarto 
 volume with the quaint title of " Joseph's Parti- 
 coloured Coat," containing a Comment on the 11th 
 chapter of the first Epistle of St. Paul to the Co- 
 rinthians, from the eighteenth to the thirty-first 
 verse ; and eight sermons. It is dedicated to the 
 Right Worshipful the Lady Jane Covert of Pepper- 
 Harrow * near Godalming, Surrey. The site of 
 the ancient house inhabited by this lady is now that 
 of the noble mansion of Viscount Middleton. Fuller 
 observes in the Dedication, whilst custom has li- 
 censed flattery in dedicatory epistles, epitaphs and 
 dedications, he will not follow the stream herein ; 
 " First, because I account it beneath my calling, to 
 speak any thing above the truth ; secondly, because 
 of you it is needless. Let deformed faces be be- 
 holding to the painter: art hath nothing to do, 
 where nature hath prevented it." 
 
 Here he gives the ancient definition of heresy 
 
 * Her mother was Lady Jane Covert of the Coverts of 
 Slaugham in Sussex. 
 
84 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 drawn from St. Augustine, an error in the essen- 
 tials of religion and that obstinately maintained. 
 " In the primitive Church many were too lavish in 
 bestowing the name of heretic on those which dis- 
 sented from the Church in [as I may say] venial 
 errors. A charitable man would have been loth to 
 have been of the jury to condemn Jovinian for an 
 heretic on no other evidence than that he main- 
 tained marriage in merit to be equal with virginity." 
 Fuller in this instance uses the term " primitive 
 church" in a vaguely comprehensive sense, not un- 
 common indeed from the beginning of the Refor- 
 mation. He describes a heretic and his follower, 
 a picture that might fitly be appended to his Holy 
 and Profane State. Those who think that all 
 should delight blindly to follow their own Church, 
 when they are once satisfied that it is divinely ap- 
 pointed to teach them, should bear in mind that this 
 implicit kind of faith in human systems is akin to 
 that ignorance which is the very mother of all error ; 
 for well does Fuller observe that it is those who 
 know nothing that will believe every thing. So 
 different is the merely ecclesiastical to the truly 
 Christian behever. One has his record only in his 
 Church, the other in himself. " To prevent these 
 mischiefs,^' says our author, " let the meanest-parted 
 labour to attain to some competent measure of know- 
 ledge in matters of salvation, that so he may not 
 trust every spirit, but be able to try whether he be 
 of God or no. Believe no man with implicit faith in 
 matters of such moment; for he who buys a jewel 
 in a case without ever looking on it, deserves to be 
 cozened with a Bristol-stone instead of a diamond." 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 85 
 
 In his remarks upon the words, " for in eating 
 everv one taketh before other," he places the love- 
 feast of the Primitive Church before the receiving- 
 of the Lord's Supper, alleging St. Augustine's 
 Epistle to Januarius (Ep. 118. c. 5.) noticing, 
 however, the contrary opinion of St. Chrysostom, 
 who places it after. The much aspersed but truly 
 Primitive Church of the United Brethren, retains 
 the love-feast in the order recognized by St. Aus- 
 tin. That most learned and candid Church -anti- 
 quary, the Bishop of Lincoln, after adducing the 
 account of these Agapa? in Tertulhan's Apology, 
 adds, " When we read the above description of the 
 Agapae, we cannot but participate in the regret ex- 
 pressed by Dr. Hey, that scandal should have oc- 
 casioned the discontinuance of an entertainment, so 
 entirely consonant to the benevolent spirit of the 
 gospel." * 
 
 Fuller observes in the like spirit, '* Yet mark by 
 the way, that St. Paul doth not plant his arguments 
 point-blank to beat these love-feasts down to the 
 ground, wholly to abrogate and make a nullity of 
 them, but only to correct and reform the abuses 
 therein, that there might be less riot in the rich, 
 and more charity towards the poor." 
 
 Most characteristic of his pen is the following : 
 " llliat shall I saif ! Shall I praise you in 
 this ? Pastors may and must praise their people 
 wherein they do well. 1. Hereby they shall peace- 
 ably possess themselves of the good wills of their 
 
 * Bishop Kaye's Tertullian, p. 425, Cambridge, 1826. 
 
86 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 people, which may much advance the power and 
 efficacy of their preaching. 2. Men will more 
 willingly digest a reproof for their faults, if praised 
 when they do well. 3. Virtue being commended 
 doth increase and multiply ; creepers in goodness 
 will go, goers run, runners fly. 
 
 Use. " Those ministers to be blamed, which are 
 ever blaming, often without cause, always without 
 measure ; (whereas it is said of God, he will not 
 be always chiding, Ps. ciii. 9.) 
 
 " Do any desire to hear that which Themistocles 
 counted the best music, namely, themselves com- 
 mended? On these conditions we ministers will 
 indent with them. Let them find matter ; we will 
 find words. Let them do what is commendable, 
 and blame us if we commend not w^hat they do. 
 Such work for us would be recreation ; such em- 
 ployment a pleasure, turning our most stammering 
 tongue into the pen of a ready wTiter. To reprove 
 is prest from us, as wine from grapes ; but praises 
 would flow from our lips as w^ater from a fountain. 
 But, alas, how can we build, when they afi'ord us 
 neither brick nor straw ? How can we praise what 
 they do, when they will not do what is to be 
 praised ? If with Ahab, they will do what is evil, 
 we must always prophesy evil unto them." 
 
 Some there are, who profess to think that all 
 Church-reforms are dangerous, and who naturally 
 trouble themselves to excuse, if not to commend 
 defects that so, nothing may appear defective. 
 These admire pluralities, non-residence, want of 
 discipline, and (in the case of their brethren) ne- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 87 
 
 cessitousness of the Vicarial and Stipendiary Clergy. 
 Let such hear our worthy divine, who, after ob- 
 serving that corruptions will soon find their way 
 into the best Churcji, says, " If Primitive Churches, 
 whilst the apostles w^hich planted them were alive 
 to prune them, had such errors in them, no won- 
 der if the Church at sixteen hundred years of age 
 may have some defaults. Moses said unto the 
 Israelites, Deut. xxxi. 27. Behold^ while I am 
 alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious 
 against the Lord, and how much more when I 
 am dead. So, if while St. Paul survived. Churches 
 were so prone to decline, what can be less expected 
 in our days ? It was therefore well concluded in 
 the 39th session of the Council of Constance, that 
 every ten year at the farthest, there should be a 
 general council held to reform such errors in the 
 Church as probably in that time would arise." 
 
 He afterward enters upon the subject of tradi- 
 tions, and gives the several senses in which the 
 word Tradition is taken. Observing that doc- 
 trines not contained in the very words and sound, 
 but in the substance of Scripture, are of equal force 
 with the Scripture, being in fact the Scripture 
 more formally but not more largely expressed : he 
 admits also of such opinions against w^hich nothing 
 appears in Scripture, and which the Church in all 
 times and ages hath maintained, condemning the 
 opposers for erroneous ; as the perpetual Virginity 
 of the mother of our Lord. He declines to say of 
 these that they are " of equal force with the written 
 Word." Thus he, in effect, reduced them, how- 
 
88 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 ever probable or venerable to mere matters of 
 opinion. He notes tbat the Scriptures, besides 
 many others, have two most principal privileges 
 above tradition ; 1. their inspiration ; 2. their pro- 
 vidential preservation. This second is indeed a 
 royal and divine prerogative. The word of God is 
 attested most clearly by his providence. 
 
 " The providence of God plainly appears in the 
 preserving of the Scriptures against all oppositions. 
 Many a time from my youth up {may the Scrip- 
 tures now say) yea, many a time have they fought 
 against me, hut they could not prevail against 
 me. Neither Antiochus before Christ, nor Julian 
 the apostate since him, nor the force of tyrants, nor 
 the fraud of heretics (though the world of late hath 
 scarce yielded a wicked sharp-wit, that hath not 
 given the Scriptures a gash), could ever suppress 
 them. Their treading on this camomile made it 
 grow the better, and their snuffing of this candle 
 made it burn the brighter. Whereas, on the other 
 side, the records of traditions are lost, and those 
 books wherein they were compiled and composed 
 aut incur id hominum, aut injuria temporis [either 
 by the negligence of men or by the ravages of 
 time], or by some other sinister accident, are 
 wholly miscarried and no where appear. Papias 
 is reported by Eusebius (Hist. lib. 4, c. 8.) in five 
 books, to have contained all the apostolical tradi- 
 tions, which they call the Word not luritten ; but 
 Bellarmine himself confessed that these are lost. 
 Likewise Clemens Alexandrinus (as the same Euse- 
 bius. lib. 6, c. 11.) storieth it, wrote in a book those 
 
THOMAS FULLER, B.D. 89 
 
 traditions which he received from the elders, and 
 they from the apostles, which book the Papists 
 themselves at this day cannot produce. I will 
 conclude all with Gamaliel's words, Acts v. 39, 
 JBut if it be of God ye cannot destroy it. Had 
 these books been inspired by God's Spirit, no 
 doubt the same providence would have w^atched to 
 preserve them which hath protected the Scripture. 
 Let us, therefore, leaving uncertain traditions, stick 
 to the Scriptures alone, trust no doctrine on its 
 single band, which brings not God's Word for its 
 security. Let that plate be beaten in pieces which 
 hath not this tower-stamp upon it." 
 
 The Via 3Iedia, as the party of Mr. Newman 
 denominate themselves, have advanced many things 
 ambiguously respecting tradition; not venturing 
 to defend or altogether abide by their own asser- 
 tions, but instead of refuting those who maintain 
 the doctrine of the Church of England, charging 
 them with misrepresentation. It is thus that the 
 Romish Church, ashamed of her own paradoxes, 
 endeavours to screen herself from the assaults of 
 truth. These writers are so near the Church of 
 Rome in this point, that the principal positions 
 of Professor Keble's Sermon on Tradition are to 
 be found in Bishop Prideaux's Fasciculus Contro- 
 vei'siarum,* stated as the objections of the Ro- 
 manists to the sufficiency of Holy Scripture, and 
 refuted. 
 
 In reviewing the doctrine of the Eucharist, and 
 
 pp. 47-51. 
 
90 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 the arguments of the Romanists for Transubstan- 
 tiatiou and the Holy Communion, Fuller asserts, 
 as is probably in part true, that the doctrine of 
 Tran substantiation was first occasioned by the 
 hyperboles of Damascene and Theophylact. He 
 might have added of Chrysostom, and others of 
 the Fathers. " So dangerous it is for any to wan- 
 ton it with their wits in mysteries of religion." 
 
 From the words " As often as ye eat this bread," 
 he proceeds to urge frequent communion. " Under 
 as often is ofte7i included ; whence we gather we 
 must frequently celebrate the Lord's supper. In 
 the Primitive Church it was done every day. (Eu- 
 seb. lib. I. Demomt. Evang. c. 10.) And fit it 
 was the aqua vitae bottle should ever be at their 
 nostrils, who were swooning every moment ; and 
 they needed constant cordials, who ever and anon 
 had the qualms of temptation in the time of per- 
 secution." This homely figure is so expressive as 
 almost by its suitableness to atone for its homeli- 
 ness. " This frequency soon abated when peace 
 came into the Church, which makes St. Ambrose 
 {Lib. 5. De Sacramentis, c. 4.) reprove the neg- 
 ligence of the Eastern Churches who received it 
 but once a year." 
 
 He proceeds to answer the objections that have 
 been invented to dissuade from the revival of the 
 better and more ancient spirit. The first objection 
 is taken from the Passover which was observed but 
 once a year. To this he replies, " The Passover 
 by God was stinted to be used no oftener : in the 
 Lord's Supper we are left to our own liberty. 
 
THOMAS FULLERj D.D. 91 
 
 Finding therefore our continual sinning, and there- 
 fore need thereof to strengthen us in our grace, 
 we may, yea, must oftener use it, especially seeing 
 all services of God under the gospel ought to be 
 more plentiful and abundant than under the Law."* 
 
 The second objection is, things done often are 
 seldom done solemnly." Then, he replies, sermons 
 and prayers should he equally rare. 
 
 The third is, that long preparation is requisite to 
 this action. To this he answers, that often pre- 
 paring lessens the difficulty of right preparation. 
 He does not (with many) extenuate the guilt of 
 the* unworthy communicant. He speaks of this 
 sin as " the highest of any pardonable sin, even 
 guiltiness of Christ's blood itself." " This is a true 
 maxim, ' To him to whom the sacrament is not 
 heaven, it is hell.'" He observes that there were 
 other sins amongst the Corinthians, factious pre- 
 ference of pastors, connivance at incest, going to 
 law one with another before heathen judges, and 
 denying of the resurrection. But of these he notes 
 that they were felony, robbing God of his glory, 
 but the irreverent receiving of the sacrament was 
 high treason against the person of Christ, and so 
 against God himself. 
 
 Of the discourses that follow, the two most wor- 
 thy of their author are, the first, " on Growth in 
 Grace," and the last, entitled " Faction confuted." 
 In the first we have this excellent apophthegm: 
 " Practice without knowledge is blind, and know- 
 
 * p. 59 
 
92 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 ledge without practice is lame." Again, plants, he 
 observes, have their bounds, both in height and 
 breadth set by nature, but growth in grace admits 
 of no such period. The latter part of this sermon 
 is an answer to the doubts of those who are troubled 
 with scruples and fears respecting their being in a 
 state of grace. 
 
 " Others conceive themselves not to be grown in 
 grace when they are grown, and that in these four 
 cases : first, sometimes they think that they have 
 less grace now than they had seven years ago, 
 because they are more sensible of their badness. 
 They daily see and grieve to see how spiritual the 
 law of God is, and how carnal they are ; now they 
 sin both against God's will and their own, and sor- 
 row after their sin, and sin after their sorrow. This 
 makes many mistake themselves to be worse than 
 they have been formerly ; whereas, indeed, the sick 
 man begins to mend, when he begins to feel his 
 pain. 
 
 2. " Many think themselves to have less saving 
 knowledge now than they had at their first conver- 
 sion ; both because, (as we said before of grace), 
 they are now more sensible of their ignorance ; 
 and because their knowledge at their first conver- 
 sion seemed a great deal, which, since seemeth not 
 increased, because increased insensibly and by un- 
 appearing degrees. One that hath lived all his life- 
 time in a most dark dungeon, and at last is brought 
 out but into the twihght, more admires at the clear- 
 ness and brightness thereof, than he will wonder a 
 month after at the sun at noon-day. So a Christian 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 93 
 
 newly regenerated, and brought out of the dark 
 state of nature into the Ufe of grace, is more appre- 
 hensive at the first illumination, of the knowledge 
 he receives, than of far greater degrees of know- 
 ledge which he receiveth afterwards. 
 
 3. " Some think they have less grace now than 
 they had some years since, because a great measure 
 of grace seems but little to him that desires more. 
 As in worldly wealth, crescit amor nummi quantum 
 ipsa pecunia crescit, so is there an holy, heavenly, 
 and laudable covetousness of grace, which deceives 
 the eye of the soul, and makes a great deal of good- 
 ness seem but a little. 
 
 4. " INIany think they are grown less and weaker 
 in grace, when indeed they are assaulted ^vith 
 stronger temptations. One saith. Seven years since 
 I vanquished such temptations as at this day foil 
 me; therefore, surely I am decreased in grace. 
 Non sequitur, for though it be the same tempta- 
 tion in kind, it may not be the same in degree and 
 strength ; thou mayest still be as valiant, yet thy 
 enemies may conquer thee, as assaulting thee with 
 more force and fury. When thou wert newly con- 
 verted, God proportioned the weight to the weak- 
 ness of thy shoulders ; bound up the devil that he 
 should set upon thee with no more force than thou 
 couldst resist and subdue. Now, thou hast gotten 
 a greater stock of grace, God suffers the devil to 
 buffet thee with greater blows. 
 
 " Some think grace is less in them now than it 
 was at the first conversion, because they find not in 
 their souls such violent flashes, such strong im- 
 
94 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 petuous (I had almost said furious) raptures of 
 goodness and flashes of grace and heavenly illumi- 
 nation. But let them seriously consider that these 
 raptures which they then had, and now complain 
 they want, were but fits short and sudden : nimbus 
 erat, cito prceteriit ; not settled and constant, but 
 such as quickly spent themselves with their own 
 Tiolence : whereas, grace in them now may be more 
 solid, reduced, digested, and concocted : Bos lassus 
 fortius figit pedem, more slow, but more sure, less 
 violent, but more constant : though grace be not so 
 thick at one time, yet now it is beaten and ham- 
 mered out to be broader and longer ; yea, I might 
 add also, it is more pure and refined. This we 
 may see in Saint Peter ; when he was a young 
 man, in a bravery he would walk on the water; 
 yea, so daring was he in his promises ; though all 
 forsake thee, yet will not I: but afterwards in his 
 old age, he was not so bold and daring. Experience 
 had not only corrected the rankness of his spirit, 
 but also in some sort quenched, surely tempered the 
 flashes of his zeal for the adventurousness of it; 
 yet was he never a whit the worse but the better 
 Christian ; though he was not so quick to run into 
 danger, yet he would answer the spur when need 
 required, and not flinch for persecution when just 
 occasion was ofi"ered ; as at last he suffered martyr- 
 dom gloriously for Christ. 
 
 "To conclude, grace in the good thief on the 
 cross, like Jonah's gourd, grew up presently, for he 
 w^as an extraordinary example ; but in us it is like 
 the growth of an oak, slow and insensible ; so that 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 95 
 
 we may sooner find it crevisse than crescere. It 
 must, therefore, be our daily task all the days of 
 our lives ; to which end let us remember to pray to 
 God for his blessing on us. Our Saviour saith, 
 Matt. vi. 27, which of you h\j taking care is able 
 to add one cubit unto his stature in the corporal 
 growth? much less able are we, in the spiritual 
 growth, to add one inch or hair's breadth to the 
 height of our souls. Then what was pride in the 
 builders of Babel, will be piety in us, to mount and 
 raise our souls on high, till the top of them shall 
 reach to heaven. Amen." 
 
 The second sermon " How far examples are to 
 be followed," is perhaps, more curious than edify- 
 ing. But it evinces that Fuller was above using 
 expediency as an excuse for actions in themselves 
 doubtful. Herein, he was above many of his con- 
 temporaries, as well as superior to our own unblush- 
 ing age. Thus, he will not have us imitate David 
 in feigning himself mad, though thereby to excuse 
 the cruelty of Achish. Such examples, he says, 
 are abused, " by such who, though they have room 
 enough besides, yet delight to walk on a narrow 
 bank near the sea, and have an itch to imitate these 
 doubtful examples, wherein there is great danger of 
 miscarrying." * 
 
 The third discourse, " An ill match well broken 
 off," is from 1 John ii. 15, Love not the world. 
 This is one of the most quaint, but in substance 
 admirable indeed. 
 
 * p. 111. 
 
96 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 The fourth sermon, " Good from bad friends," 
 is as excellent as it is ingenious ; 2 Sam. xv. 31. 
 And one told David saying, Achitophel is among 
 the conspirators with Absalom. He observes, how 
 the treachery of Achitophel was a just visitation 
 on David for his treachery to Uriah ; how, when 
 our friends forsake us, we ought to enter into a 
 serious scrutiny of our own souls; 2. the most 
 politic heads have not always the faithfullest hearts ; 
 3. false friends will forsake in time of adversity. 
 
 From the unfaithfulness of friends we may learn : 
 1 . to consider with ourselves whether we have not 
 been faulty in entertaining tale bearers and lending 
 a listening ear unto them ; 2. if thy conscience 
 accuse thee not, whether there was not a false 
 principle in the first invitation of thy love ? Was it 
 a friendship begun in sin ? 3. If it did not begin in 
 sin, hast thou not committed many sins to hold in 
 witb him? Hast thou not flattered him in his 
 faults, or at least wise by thy silence consented to 
 him ? 4. Hast thou not idolatrized thy friend ? 5. 
 Hast thou not undervalued thy friend, and set too 
 mean a rate and low estimate on his love ? 6. It 
 may be God suffers thy friends to prove unfaithful 
 to thee, to make thee stick more closely to himself. 
 Micah. vii. 5. 
 
 The next discourse is entitled, " A glass for 
 gluttons," Horn. xiii. 13, Not in gluttony. This 
 sermon against gluttony is itself a surfeit of wit. 
 Yet was it intended for a wholesome medicine, but 
 alas ! the glutton is not the man to be laughed out 
 of his disease. The danger of this sin, our author 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 97 
 
 illustrates first from the very circumstance that it is 
 not punishable by human laws ; for " as those offences 
 are accounted the greatest which cannot be punished 
 by a constable, justice, or judge of assize, but are 
 reserved immediately to be punished by the King 
 himself; so gluttons must needs be sinners in an 
 high degree, who are not censurable by any earthly 
 king, but are referred to be judged at God's tribunal 
 alone. 
 
 2. " It is the more dangerous because it is so hard 
 and difficult to discern : Uke to the hectic fever it 
 steals on a man unawares. Some sins come with 
 observation, and are either ushered with a noise, or 
 like a snail, leave a slime behind them, whereby 
 they may be traced and tracked, as drunkenness. 
 The Ephraimites were differenced from the rest of 
 the Israelites by their lisping ; they could not pro- 
 nounce H. Thus drunkards are distinguished from 
 the king's sober subjects by clipping the coin of the 
 tongue. But there are not such signs and symptoms 
 of gluttony. This sin doth so insensibly unite and 
 incorporate itself with our natural appetite, to eat 
 for the preservation of our lives, that as St. Gregory 
 saith (lib. 30, Moral c. 28, ante medium) it is a 
 hard thing to discern what necessity requires and 
 what pleasure supplies, because in eating pleasure 
 is mixed with appetite or necessity ; what is the full 
 charge of food which nature requires for our suste- 
 nance, and what is that surcharge which is heaped 
 by superfluity. 
 
 3. " Because of the sundrv dangers it brings ; first 
 to the soul, Luke, xxi. 34, Take heed lest your 
 
 H 
 
98 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 hearts he oppressed with surfeiting. And indeed 
 the soul must needs be unfitting to serve God so 
 encumbered. That man hath but an uncomfortable 
 life, who is confined to live in a smoky house. 
 The brain is one of these places of the residence of 
 the soul, and when that is filled with steams and 
 vapours arising from unconcocted crudities in the 
 stomach, the soul must needs male habitare, dwell 
 uncheerfully, ill accommodated in so smoky a 
 mansion. And as hereby it is unapt for the per- 
 formance of good, so it is ready for most evil, for 
 uncleanness, scurrility, ill speaking. Secondly, 
 this sin impairs the health of the body : the out- 
 landish proverb saith, that the glutton digs his 
 grave with his own teeth. Must there not be a 
 battle and insurrection in his stomach, wherein, 
 there is meat, hot, cold, sod, roast, flesh, fish ; and 
 which side soever wins, nature and health will be 
 overcome, when as a man's body is like unto the 
 ark of Noah, containing all beasts clean and un- 
 clean ; but he the most unclean beast that contains 
 them. Our law interprets it to be murther, when 
 one is killed with a knife. Let us take heed we be 
 not all condemned, for being felos-de-se ; for wil- 
 fully murthering our own lives, with our knives, by 
 our superstitious eating. Thirdly, it wrongs the 
 creatures that are hereby abused. God saith, Hosea 
 ii. 9. that he will recover his flax and his wool 
 from the idolatrous Jews, Vindicabo, I will rescue 
 and recover them as from slavery and subjection, 
 wherein they were detained against their will ; and 
 in such like tyranny are the creatures, as bread, 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 99 
 
 \vine, and meat tortured under the glutton. Lastly, 
 it wrongeth the poor, for it is the overmuch feast- 
 ing of Dives, which of necessity maketh the fasting 
 of Lazarus ; and might not the superfluous meat of 
 the rich be sold for many a pound, and given to 
 the poor?" 
 
 He then proceeds to consider wherein gluttony 
 doth consist. It consisteth either in the quantity 
 of the meat, or in the quality, or in the manner of 
 eating. 
 
 Here he first admits that it is hard to define the 
 proportion of meat for every man's stomach ; " that 
 quantity of rain will make a clay-ground drunk, 
 which will scarce quench the thirst of a sandy 
 country." It was well for our author that he did 
 not live in these limes. He would certainly have 
 been condemned as an ignoramus by our Mal- 
 thusian calculators, who have enacted regulations 
 against which no man's appetite must be so pre- 
 sumptuous as to rebel, if at least he is placed under 
 their most tolerant dominion. 
 
 " Let this be the rule," says our not less philo- 
 sophical, though in the language of some ' pseudo- 
 philanthropic' author, " he shall be arraigned and 
 condemned before God for gluttony in the quantity 
 of meat, who hath eaten so much, as thereby he is 
 disabled, either in part, or wholly, to serve God, in 
 his general or particular calling, be his age, climate 
 or temper whatsoever. 
 
 " Gluttony is in the quality of the meat. 1. When 
 it is too young, Exod. xxiii. 19. 2. Too costly. 3. 
 An incentive to lust. 4. To increase appetite. 
 
100 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 "It is in the manner of eating. 1. Greedily, with- 
 out giving thanks to God : like hogs eating up the 
 mast, not looking up to the hand that shaketh it 
 down. It is said of the Israelites, Exod. xxxii. 6. 
 The people sat down to eat and to drink : there 
 is no mention of grace before meat : and rose up 
 to play : there is no mention of grace after. 2. 
 Constantly: Dives fared deliciously every day; 
 there was no Friday in his week, nor fast in his 
 Almanack, nor Lent in his year: whereas, the 
 moon is not always in the full, but hath as well a 
 waning as a waxing; the sea is not always in a 
 spring-tide, but hath as well an ebbing as a flowing ; 
 and surely the very rule of health will dictate thus 
 much to a man, not always to hold a constant 
 tenure of feasting, but sometimes to abate in his 
 diets. 3. When they eat their meats studiously, 
 resolving all the powers of their mind upon meat, 
 singing Requiems in their souls with the glutton in 
 the gospel, Soul, take thine ease, &c. And whereas 
 we are to eat to live, these only live to eat." 
 
 After the discourse upon gluttony comes that 
 entitled " How far grace can be entailed" from 
 2 Tim, i. 5. Here he enters upon the question, 
 how can we tell that grace is in another ? Only, he 
 replies, by long and intimate acquaintance. " Too 
 bold are those men, who upon a superficial know- 
 ledge and short conversing with any, dare peremp- 
 torily pronounce that such an one hath saving 
 grace and sanctity in him. These are professors of 
 spiritual palmistry, who think that upon small ex- 
 perience they can see the life-line (the line of eternal 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 101 
 
 life in the hands of men's souls) whereas, for all 
 their skill, they often mistake the hands of Esau 
 for the hands of Jacob." 
 
 The Christening Sermon is from 2 Kings v. 14, 
 the history of Naaman, Here he observes the state 
 in which Naaman came to Elisha, and how, being 
 repulsed, he followed the advice of his servants. 
 He proceeds to enumerate the several points of his 
 text, but finding them too many for one discourse, 
 likens this circumstance to Gideon, who having too 
 great an army for his use, sent most of his soldiers 
 away ; and so confines his remarks to the time, — 
 after his servants had persuaded him ; the simpli- 
 city of the means in preaching and in the sacra- 
 ments; the sevenfold washing, in which we are 
 taught patience ; the duty of observing God's com- 
 mandments, both in matter and manner, both in 
 substance and circumstance ; and the resemblance 
 between the washing away of leprosy, and the 
 washing of baptism, to cleanse our original corrup- 
 tion, yet not to cleanse perfectly, but in part, for 
 " though the bane be removed, the blot doth remain, 
 the guilt is remitted, the blemish is retained, the 
 sting is gone, the stain doth stay; which, if not 
 consented to, cannot damn this infant, though it 
 may hereafter defile it." Thus closely did our 
 author follow St. Augustine. 
 
 The Discourse entitled Faction Confuted^' 
 from 1 Cor. i. 12, is against the factious affecting 
 of one pastor above another. Here, our worthy 
 preacher, who was no lover of faction, is quite at 
 home. He meets this folly with abundance of sa- 
 
102 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 tire, and exposes it as well in the minister as in his 
 " dear hearers." He was not one of those who 
 reproved only the unpopular faults of his genera- 
 tion, and spared pleasing follies by levelling at 
 them empty generalities. 
 
 " Such," says he, " is the subtilty of Satan, and 
 such is the frailty of the flesh, though things be 
 ordered never so well they will quickly decline. 
 Luther was wont to say, he never knew as good 
 order last above fifteen year. This speedy decaying 
 of goodness you may see in the Church of Corinth, 
 from which St. Paul was no sooner departed, but 
 they departed from his doctrine. Some, more car- 
 ried by fancy than ruled by reason, or more swayed 
 by carnal reason than governed by grace, made 
 choice of some particular pastor, whom they ex- 
 tolled, to the great disgrace of his fellow-ministers, 
 and greater dishonour of God himself. Now St. 
 Paul not willing to make these ministers a public 
 example, concealeth their persons, yet disco vereth 
 the fault, and making bold with his brethren 
 ApoUos and Cephas, applieth to them and himself, 
 what the Corinthians spake of their fancied preach- 
 ers ; Now this I say, that every one of you saith. 
 I am of Paul, and I am of Apollos, and I am 
 of Cephas, and I am of Christ.* 
 
 " I need not divide the words, which in them- 
 selves are nothing else but division, and contain 
 four sorts of people, like the four sorts of seed, 
 {Mat. 13) the three first bad, the last only, [I am 
 of Christ] being good and commendable. 
 
 * p. 178. 
 
THOMJS FULLER, D.D. 103 
 
 The mischiefs of factiousness he thus enumerates, 
 first, it will set enmity and dissension betwixt the 
 ministers of God's word. " It will anger not only 
 Saul a mere carnal man, but even those that have 
 degrees of grace : He hath converted his thousands^ 
 but such an one his ten thousands : these discords 
 betwixt ministers I could as heartily wish they were 
 false, as I do certainly know they are too true." 
 
 2. It will set dissension amongst people, whilst 
 they violently engage their affections for their pastors. 
 
 3. It will give just occasion to wicked men, to re- 
 joice at these dissensions, to whose ears our discords 
 are the sweetest harmony. O then let not the 
 herdsmen of Abraham and Lot fall out, whilst the 
 Canaanites and Perizzites are yet in the land. Let us 
 not dissent, whilst many adversaries of the truth are 
 mingled amongst us, who will make sport thereat. 
 Lastly, it will cause great dishonour to God himself ; 
 his ordinance, in the meantime being neglected. 
 Here is such doating on the dish, there is no re- 
 garding the dainties. Such looking on the embas- 
 sador, there is no notice taken of the King that 
 sent him. Even ^Mary's complaint is now verified, 
 * They have taken away the Lord and placed him 
 I know not where.' And, as in times of Popery, 
 Thomas Becket dispossessed our Saviour of his 
 Church in Canterbury (instead of Christ's Church 
 being called St. Thomas' Church) and whereas rich 
 oblations were made to the shrine of that supposed 
 saint, summo altari nil: nothing was offered to 
 Christ at the Communion-table, so whilst some sa- 
 crifice their reverence to this admired preacher, and 
 others almost adore this affected pastor, God in his 
 
104 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 ordinance is neglected, and the word being the 
 savour of life is had in respect of persons. 
 
 " To prevent these mischiefs, both pastors and 
 people must lend their helping hands. I begin with 
 the pastors, and first with those whose churches are 
 crowded with the thickest audience. 
 
 " Let them not pride themselves with the bubble 
 of popular applause, often as carelessly gotten as 
 undeservedly lost. Have we not seen those that 
 have preferred the onions and flesh-pots of Egypt 
 before heavenly manna? lungs before brains, and 
 sounding of a voice before soundness of matter ? 
 
 " Yea, when pastors perceive people transported 
 with an immoderate admiration of them, let them 
 labour to confute them in their groundless humours. 
 When St. John would have worshipped the angel, 
 see thou do it not, (saith he ;) wo7'ship God. So 
 when people post headlong in affecting their pas- 
 tors, they ought to waive and decline this popular 
 honour, and to seek to transmit and fasten it on 
 the God of heaven. Christ went into the wilder- 
 ness, when the people would have made him a King. 
 Let us shun, yea fly such dangerous honour, and 
 tear off" our heads such wreaths as people would tie 
 on them, striving rather to throw mists and clouds 
 of privacy on ourselves, than to affect a shining ap- 
 pearance. But know, whosoever thou art, who 
 herein art an epicure, and lovest to glut thyself 
 with people's applause, thou shalt surfeit of it before 
 thy death. It shall prove at the last pricks in thy 
 eyes, and thorns in thy side, a great aflfliction, if 
 not a ruin unto thee, because sacrilegiously, thou 
 hast robbed God of his honour. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 105 
 
 *' Let them labour also to ingratiate every pastor, 
 who hath tolerability of desert with his own con- 
 gregation." 
 
 " I am come now to neglected ministers, at 
 whose churches solitudo ante ostium, and within 
 them too, whilst others (perchance less deserving) 
 are more frequented. Let not such grieve in 
 themselves, or repine at their brethren. 
 
 " One told a Grecian statist who had excellently 
 deserved of the city he lived in, that the city had 
 chosen four and twenty officers and yet left him 
 out. ' I am glad,' said he, ' the city affords twenty 
 four abler than myself.' 
 
 " And let us practise St. Paul's precept, hy honour 
 and dishonour, hy good report and disreport^ 
 
 Turning to the people, our author counsels, 
 " First, ever preserve a reverent esteem of the min- 
 ister whom God hath placed over thee. Secondly, 
 let them not make odious comparisons betwixt 
 ministers of eminent parts. It is said of Hezekiah, 
 2 Kings xviii. 5, that ' after him was none like him 
 of all the kings of Judah, neither any that were 
 before him.' It is said also of King Josiah, 2 Kings 
 xxiii. 25, * And like unto him, there was no king 
 before him, that turned to the Lord with all his heart, 
 and with all his soul, and with all his might, neither 
 after him rose up any like him.' The Holy Spirit 
 prefers neither for better, but concludes both for 
 best, and so, amongst ministers, when each differs 
 from others, all may be excellent in their kinds." 
 
 Such was the candid and truly gracious spirit of 
 one, who, was in his day, deservedly popular ; who 
 
106 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 brought out of his treasures things both new and 
 old ; who aimed continually to edify such as resorted 
 to him ; who in doctrine followed not this or that 
 party, but with the Church of England, went be- 
 tween the so-called Via Media on the one hand, 
 and the rigid nonconformist on the other; who had 
 indeed his defects, but greater deserts ; if not so 
 apostolic as Leighton, more profitable and far more 
 orthodox than Jeremy Taylor. 
 
 In the following year, 1641, Henry Myriel pub- 
 lished ' Daily Devotions, or the Christian's Morning 
 and Evening Sacrifice, Digested into Prayers and 
 Meditations, for every day of the week and other 
 occasions, with some short directions for a godly 
 Life ; Written by John Colet, Doctor in Divinity, 
 and sometime Dean of St. Paul's, London.' To 
 this truly devout little manual. Fuller contributed 
 a brief memoir of Dean Colet. In it, he calls him 
 " a Luther before Luther, for his doctrine." 
 
 Of Fuller's first marriage, which was probably in 
 1640, no memorial has hitherto reached me. In 
 the register of Broad Windsor, the baptism of his 
 eldest son, John, is entered as on June 6, 1641. 
 
 Fuller was related to the Parkers of Suffolk, and 
 the Seymours, probably of Devon. About 1641, 
 he left Broad Windsor for London. There he 
 preached for the most part at the Inns of Court, 
 until, says his anonymous biographer, he was chosen 
 by the Master and Brotherhood of the Savoy (as 
 well as earnestly desired and entreated by that small 
 parish) to accept the lectureship at their church or 
 chapel of St. Mary : where he continued for about 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 107 
 
 two years, until compelled by the distractions of 
 that period to take refuge in Oxford. 
 
 In the month of April, 1641, Fuller was at Sa- 
 lisbury, attending his uncle. Bishop Davenant, du- 
 ring the last illness of that most pious and eminent 
 prelate. " His father was a wealthy and religious 
 citizen of London, but born at Davenant's lands in 
 Little Hedingham, in Essex, where his ancestors 
 had continued in a worshipful degree from Sir John 
 Davenant, who lived in the time of King Henry 
 HI. He bred his son a fellow-commoner in Queen's 
 College, Cambridge, and would not suffer him to 
 accept a fellowship though offered, as conceiving it 
 a bending of these places from the direct intent of 
 the founders, when they are bestowed on such as 
 have plenty : though, indeed, such preferments are 
 appointed as well for the reward of those that are 
 worthy, as for the relief of those that want ; and, 
 after his father's death, he was chosen into that 
 society.* In his youthful exercises, he gave such 
 an earnest of his future maturity, that Dr. Whita- 
 ker, hearing him dispute, said, that He would in 
 time prove the honour of the University: a pre- 
 diction that proved not untrue, when afterward" 
 [a. d. 1609, on the decease of Dr. Playfere,] " he 
 was chosen Margaret Professor of Divinity, being 
 as yet but a private fellow of the college. Whereof 
 some years after he was made Master," [a. d. 
 1614, in the place of Dr. Humphrey Tyndale, 
 Dean of Ely,] "and at last Bishop of SaUsbury.f 
 
 * In A.D. 1594. 
 
 t A.D. 1621. 
 
108 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 He sate Bishop about twenty years, and died of 
 a consumption, anno 1641," [on April 20, being 
 the Tuesday before Easter- Day,] "to which sen- 
 sibleness of the sorrowful times, (which he saw 
 were bad, and foresaw would be worse) did contri- 
 bute not a Httle. I cannot omit, how some few 
 hours before his death, having lain for a long time 
 (though not speechless, yet) not speaking, nor able 
 to speak, (as we beholders thought, though indeed 
 he hid that little strength we thought he had lost, 
 and reserved himself for purpose,) he fell into a 
 most emphatical prayer for half a quarter of an 
 hour. Amongst many heavenly passages therein, 
 he thanked God fir this his fatherly correction, 
 because in all his lifitime he never had one heavy 
 affliction^ which made him often much suspect with 
 himself whether he was a true child of God or noy 
 until this his last sickness. Then he sweetly fell 
 asleep in Christ, and so we softly drew the curtains 
 about him." * Dr. Nicholas, at that time a pre- 
 bendary of Sarum,and afterward Dean of St. Paul's, 
 preached an excellent sermon at his interment.f 
 
 Dr. Brian Duppa, still had in memory for his 
 Book of Devotions, was translated from Chichester 
 to Sarum, and Dr. Henry King, the pious son of 
 a pious father. Dr. John King, Bishop of London, 
 was raised from the Deanery of Rochester to the 
 see of Chichester. Dr. Thomas Turner, already 
 mentioned as preacher at the Convocation of 1640, 
 was made Dean of Rochester. 
 
 * Church Hist. B. xi. § 53, p. 176. 
 
 t Worthies, vo\. ii. p. 87. Ed. Nichols. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 109 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Fuller at the Savoy. 
 
 ULLER now settled at the Savoy, 
 had for his parishioners the family 
 of James, Earl of Northampton.* 
 Of him he makes mention in his 
 British Worthies, in terms of gra- 
 titude that imply his especial obligations to that 
 noble person : " James. Earl of Northampton, for 
 the happiness of whom and his, when I cannot 
 orally pray, I will make signs of my affection to 
 heaven."f The loyalists flocked to the Savoy, 
 and Fuller, with all his moderation, was felt to be 
 an hindrance to the violence of the Parliamenta- 
 rians, and doubtless the more so, because, for his 
 moderation, all good men, despite of their preju- 
 dices, could not but respect him. 
 
 Here, Fuller had amongst his friends, that most 
 munificent patron of learning, Thomas, afterwards 
 
 * He si^alized himself in the King's service, by routing 
 the Parliament forces near Banbury, May 6, 1643. He 
 died at Castle Ashby, in Northamptonshire, Dec. 1681. 
 
 t Worthies, Worcestershire, p. 179. 
 
110 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Sir Thomas Adams, founder of the Arabic Pro- 
 fessorship in the University of Cambridge. This 
 truly loyal individual furnished the King with ten 
 thousand pounds, and for his adherence to him 
 suffered imprisonment in the Tower.* Our author's 
 friend, Robert Abdy, of a family formerly settled 
 at Abdy House, (in Yorkshire) was also made a 
 baronet in 1660. f In his Pisgah Sights as also 
 before the third century of his Church History^ he 
 very gratefully memorializes his friend, Simeon 
 Bonnell, of Felix Hall, Essex. In his Church 
 History,\ he returns his thanks also to Theophilus 
 Biddulph, of Staffordshire and London, the first 
 baronet of that name. Of his friends, William and 
 Robert Christmas, brothers, merchants, William, 
 in 1653, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas 
 Adams. Dr. Nicholas Hardy, (at the Restoration 
 Dean of Rochester,) preached the marriage sermon. § 
 
 * He was a native of Wera, in Shropshire, where he 
 founded a free school ; Lord Mayor of London in 1646, and 
 created a baronet in 1660. He was in his old age deputed 
 by the city of London, to accompany General Monk to 
 Breda, and to attend the exiled monarch to his restored 
 realm. Sir Thomas Adams was a Fellow of King's College. 
 Carter's Hist, of the Univ. p. 456. 
 
 t He married Catharine, daughter of Sir John Guyer, knt. 
 He died in 1670. His son, Sir John, resided at Stapleford 
 Abbotts, (Essex,) below Epping. 
 
 I Dedication of the 4th century. He married Susanna, 
 daughter of Zachary Highworth, Alderman of London, and 
 was in 1664, created a baronet. 
 
 § In Poplar chapel are buried William Christmas, aged 
 77 years, 1702, shipwright, and Mary, his wife, 1701. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. Ill 
 
 His friend, Sir James Langham,* was member of 
 Parliament, first for the county, and then for the 
 town of Northampton, from 1656 to 166 l.f Mr. 
 John Robinson, of Milk Street, merchant, memo- 
 riahzed in our author's dedication of the ISth cen- 
 tury, was Lord Mayor of London in 1663, and 
 Lieutenant of the Tower, and for his services to 
 Charles 11. was created a baronet 1660.f His 
 father was Dr. William Robinson, rector of Long 
 Walton, in Leicestershire, and Prebendary of 
 Westminster. His grandfather was John Robin- 
 son, of Reading, whose widow was re-married to 
 William Laud, of that place, and was mother of 
 Archbishop Laud. Mr. Thomas Hanson, Keeper 
 of the Records of the Duchy of Lancaster, gave 
 Fuller assistance in his Church History, by opening 
 to him the records of his office. Fuller's friend, 
 Thomas Williams, was (by his arms) of the family 
 
 * His father, Sir John Langham, largely contributed to- 
 wards the support of the royal family in their exile. He 
 was one of the aldermen sent to the Tower in 1647, and 
 again in 1648. He was born at Northampton in 1584, and 
 died in 1671. 
 
 t He died in 1699. He married first, ^lary, daughter and 
 heiress of Sir Edward Alston, knt. Their daughter, Mary, 
 was married to Henry Booth, Earl of Warrington. His 
 second wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Ferdinando Hastings, 
 Earl of Huntingdon ; his third, Penelope, daughter to John, 
 Earl of Clare; his fourth, Dorothy, of the family of Pome- 
 roy. 
 
 X He married Anne, daughter of Sir George Whitmore, 
 knt. Lord Mayor of London, of Whitmore, Salop; aud died 
 in 1697. 
 
112 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 of Sir Henry, of Guernevet, Brecon, created a ba- 
 ronet by Charles I. in 1644. 
 
 Not inferior in munificence to Sir Thomas 
 Adams, was that pious benefactor of the poor se- 
 questered clergy, and, amongst them, of both Ful- 
 ler and Bishop Brownrigg, Mr. Thomas Rich, of 
 London, and of Sunning, Berkshire,* created a 
 baronet in 1660. " You are, Sir," writes Fuller, 
 in his Church History, " the entertainer-general 
 of good men. Many a poor minister will never be 
 wholly sequestered, whilst you are living, whose 
 charity is like to the wind which cannot be seen, 
 but may be felt." 
 
 Our author's friend, Henry Barnard, -j- merchant, 
 had, before 1653, removed into Shropshire.}; Mr. 
 Thomas Bowyer, of the Old Jewry, merchant, was 
 the grandson of Francis Bowyer, Sheriff of London, 
 1577, who saved the life of venerable Dr. Alex- 
 ander Nowell, (" then Master of Westminster 
 School, designed to death by Bonner,") and sent 
 
 • This worthy person married first, Barbara, daughter of 
 Gilbert Morewood, esq. of Seale, in Leicestershire ; and, 
 secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of William Cockain, esq. 
 Lord Mayor of London in 1619, son of Roger Cockain, of 
 Baddesly, in Warwickshire. Sir Thomas died 15 October, 
 1667, aged 66 years ; leaving a son. Sir William, who was 
 M.P. for Gloucester, 1698, and a daughter, Mary, who was 
 married to Sir Robert Gayer, K.B. The baronetcy expired 
 in 1803. 
 
 t Ch, Hist. B. V. Section 3, p. 201. 
 X A branch of this family was settled at Caxton, in the 
 county of Cambridge, in the reign of Charles II. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 113 
 
 him beyond seas.* Daniel, afterwards Sir Daniel 
 Harvey, in 1655, High Sheriff of the county of 
 Surrey,-]- was Ambassador from Charles II. to the 
 Grand Seignior. 
 
 Besides these, Fuller has perpetuated the names 
 of many other of his acquaintance in his Church 
 History and Pisgah Sight. Not a few of them 
 were eminent for their loyalty ; and their number, 
 wealth, and rank, evince the popularity and celeb- 
 rity of our author. 
 
 It is probable, from the testimony of his anony- 
 mous biographer, that his first wife died in or about 
 A.D. 1642. 
 
 On May 15, Fuller was present at the conse- 
 cration of Dr. Ralph Brownrigg, to the see of 
 Exeter.:}: He relates, that the consecration sermon 
 was made by Brownrigg's good friend, Dr. Young. § 
 " The waters are risen, O Lord, the waters are 
 risen," wherein he very gravely complained of the 
 many invasions which popular violence made on the 
 privileges of church and st;)te. This Bishop him- 
 self, adds Fuller, was soon sadly sensible of such 
 inundations, and yet by the procerity of his parts 
 and piety, he not only safely waded through them 
 himself, but also (when Vice-Chancellor of Cam- 
 bridge,) by his prudence raised such banks, that 
 
 * Ch. Hist. B. VIII. Section 2, p. 16. He bore the same 
 arms with Sir John Bowyer, bart. 1660, of Denham Court, 
 Bucks. 
 
 t Ch. Hist. B. ix. Section 5. 
 
 i British Worthies, Suffolk, p. 62. 
 
 § Perhaps Dr. Young-, Dean of Winchester. 
 
 I 
 
114 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 those overflowings were not so destructive as other- 
 wise they would have been to the University." 
 
 Dr. Ralph Brownrigg was born at Ipswich, in 
 1592, and lost his father when but a few weeks 
 old ; he was admitted of Pembroke College, Cam- 
 bridge, in 1607 * He was B. A. in 1610, M.A. 
 1614, B.D. 1621, D.D. 1627.t He was chosen a 
 Fellow of his College, and in 1621, preferred by 
 the most exemplary Dr. Nicholas Felton, Bishop 
 of Ely, who had been Master of Pembroke College, 
 to the fifth stall of Ely and the rectory of Barley, 
 Hertfordshire, both void by the death of the pious 
 and indefatigable Dr. Andrew Willet. In 1631, 
 he was appointed to the Mastership of Catherine 
 Hall, on the resignation of Dr. Richard Sibbes. 
 In 1642, he was raised to the see of Exeter, on the 
 translation of Dr. Joseph Hall to Norwich. He 
 had in 1641, been preferred to the eleventh stall 
 in Durham, but the confusion of the times soon 
 stripped him of all. After his consecration he re- 
 turned to Cambridge, and w^as appointed Vice- 
 Chancellor for the third time. But thence he was, 
 for the expression of his loyalty in an Accession 
 Sermon, banished by the Parliamentarians.! 
 
 In the course of this year, 1642, Fuller put 
 forth his ' Holy and Profane State,' that work by 
 which he has been more generally known than any 
 other, as being of universal interest, a mixture of 
 biography and parable, commending itself to all 
 
 * Wood's Fasti, Ed. Bliss, I. 448. t Univ. Reg. 
 
 X Fullers Hist, of the Univ, of Cambridge. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 115 
 
 tastes, and adapted to all readers. Many exqui- 
 site passages adorn the pages of Mr. Basil Mon- 
 tagu's Selections, itself an admirable collection from 
 our older writers, and that will hand down to a 
 distant age, the name of its benevolent compiler. 
 The concluding passage in the ' Selections' is, by an 
 oversight, attributed to Fuller. It is taken by him, 
 with acknowledgment, from Bisliop Hall on Chris- 
 tian Moderafio)i : " Moderation is the silken string 
 running through the pearl-chain of all virtues." 
 
 Well, does he remark, that they but lose their 
 labour who seek to make a bridge of reconciliation 
 over the great gulf between us and Rome. How 
 long will men be learning that which all past expe- 
 rience attests as with one voice, that " though we 
 go ninety-nine steps, that church will not come one 
 to give us a meeting?" But the differences are 
 irreconcileable ; they affect the nature of worship 
 itself. Is not this an essential difference ? 
 
 Friend as Fuller was to moderation, it was no 
 hollow compromising of truth that he sought to 
 shield under colour of Christian candour. In his 
 character of the Controversial Divine, he saith, 
 " He engageth both his judgment and affections in 
 opposing of falsehood. Not like country fencers 
 who play only to make sport, but like duellers in- 
 deed, as if for life and limb ; chiefly if the question 
 be of large prospect and great concernings, he is 
 zealous in the quarrel. Yet some, though their 
 judgment weigh down on one side, the beam of 
 their affections stands so even, they care not which 
 part prevails." 
 
116 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 How does he paint to the life, not a few of our 
 Woods and Coles, and some in our own time, where, 
 describing the Church- Antiquary, he says, " Some 
 scour off the rust of old inscriptions into their own 
 souls, cankering themselves with superstition, having 
 read so often. Orate pro anima* that at last they 
 fiill a praying for the departed ; and they more la- 
 ment the ruin of monasteries than the decay and 
 ruin of monks' lives, degenerating from their an- 
 cient piety and painfulness." This age needs the 
 following monition. " He" (the true Church An. 
 tiquary) " is not zealous for the introducing of old 
 useless ceremonies. The mischief is, some that 
 are most violent to bring them in, are most negli- 
 gent to preach the cautions in using them ; and 
 simple people, like children in eating of fish, swal- 
 low bones and all, to their danger of choking." 
 Who would have conceived that men pretending to 
 follow primitive antiquity, should commend the 
 Romish practice of Lights to our church, a prac- 
 tice scorned in the days of TertuUian as an heathen 
 puerility ? 
 
 Happy would it be, if Herbert and Fuller w^re 
 heard by those who are so zealous to commend 
 praying above preaching, albeit they mean but one 
 kind of prayer, namely, written prayer, to the dis- 
 use of private extemporaneous prayer, without 
 which, nevertheless, no man will put his heart into 
 the public prayers of the church. " He, (the faith- 
 ful minister) doth not clash God's ordinances to- 
 
 * Pray for the soul of 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D. D. 117 
 
 gether about precedency, not making odious com- 
 parisons betwixt prayer and preaching, preaching 
 and catechizing, public prayer and private, preme- 
 ditate prayer and extempore. When at the taking 
 of New Carthage, in Spain, two soldiers contended 
 about the mural crown (due to him who first climbeth 
 the walls) so that the whole army was thereupon 
 in danger of division, Scipio, the general, said, he 
 knew that they both got up the wall together, and 
 so gave the scaling crown to them both. Thus 
 our minister compoundeth all controversies betwixt 
 God's ordinances, by praising them all, practising 
 them all, and thanking God for them all. He 
 courts the reading of common prayers, to prepare 
 him the better for preaching ; and, as one said, if 
 he did first toll the bell on one side, it made it af- 
 terwards ring out the better in his sermons." 
 
 But neither does Fuller fail to commend cate- 
 chizing, as that which especially promoted the Re- 
 formation itself, and as indispensable alike in all 
 ages of the church. Indeed all preaching should 
 be so far catechetical, as to include all that is es- 
 sentially needful to be believed and practised ; not 
 all upon faith, or all upon works, or all upon repen- 
 tance, or all upon assurance, or all upon even the 
 glorious mystery of our Redemption itself. Yet 
 this should find a place in all sermons ; no sacrifice 
 without this incense ; no right appeal to the heart 
 without the cross of Christ. 
 
 Ever seasonable is that place of our author, 
 where he introduces the faithful pastor, as " chiefly 
 reproving the reigning sins of the time and place 
 
118 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 he lives in." Preaching is called also prophesying, 
 and the Christian pastor is in the place of a pro- 
 phet, " boldly to rebuke vice." " We may observe," 
 says Fuller, " that our Saviour never inveighed 
 against idolatry, usury, sabbath -breaking amongst 
 the Jews ; not that these were not sins, but they 
 were not practised so much in that age, wherein 
 wickedness was spun with a finer thread : and, 
 therefore, Christ principally bent the drift of his 
 preaching against spiritual pride, hypocrisy, and 
 traditions then predominant amongst the people." 
 
 No reader, I trust, would wish the following 
 omitted. " He counts the success of his ministry 
 the greatest preferment. Yet herein God hath 
 humbled many painful pastors, in making them to 
 be clouds not to rain over Arabia the happy, but 
 over the stony, or desert. Yet such pastors may 
 comfort themselves that great is their reward with 
 (jod in heaven, who measures it not by their suc- 
 cess, but endeavours. Besides, though they see 
 not, their people may feel benefit by their ministry. 
 Yea, the preaching of the word in some places, is 
 like the planting of woods, where, though no profit 
 is received for twenty years together, it comes after- 
 wards. And, grant that God honours thee not to 
 build his temple in thy parish, yet thou mayst with 
 David, provide metal and materials for Solomon 
 thy successor, to build with." 
 
 It has probably gone far to prejudice many 
 against our author, that he hath, for a controver- 
 sialist, chosen to give an account of Dr. Whitaker, 
 and for a divine, of Perkins. But our age has pro- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 119 
 
 duced no Whitaker for laboriousness, and, perhaps, 
 none who have surpassed him in learning. Perkins 
 was, in his own day, deservedly esteemed, as much 
 for his learning as for his earnest preaching, and 
 his funeral sermon was delivered by a Bishop who 
 did honour to the see of Winchester. 
 
 Indebted to the greater of the two noble founda- 
 tions of Lady Margaret, Countess of Richmond, 
 who, whatever her life, appears to have been a plain 
 Protestant in her death, I must advertise my reader 
 that ' the good blaster of a College' is exemplified 
 by Dr. Fuller, in a memoir of Dr. Metcalf, blaster 
 of St. John's College, under whose governance 
 were brought up the greatest of statesmen. Lord 
 Burleigh, Ascham, tutor to Elizabeth, Sir John 
 Cheke, and \Valter Haddon. 
 
 In his Life of Sir Francis Drake, we find that it 
 is not the Ultra-Protestant alone (to speak after 
 the fashion of our modern innovators) who brings 
 in the Romanist guilty of idolatry. " Then bending 
 eastwards, he coasted China and the Malaccoes, 
 where, by the King of Terrenate, a true gentleman 
 Pagan, he was most honourably entertained. The 
 King told them they and he were all of one religion 
 in this respect, that they believed not in gods made 
 of stocks and stones as did the Portugals."* 
 
 In our author's chapter on ' company,' he thus 
 animadverts upon the monastic profession. " Well 
 may we count him not well in his wits, who will 
 always live under a bush, because others in a storm 
 shelter themselves under it." 
 
 * p. 127. 
 
120 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 We have lately been entertained with a tolerably 
 satirical stricture upon Jewel's recantation, and 
 upon the absence of any thing like a sufficient pe- 
 nance after it. The ' Catholics' of the Church of 
 England " do not think such a person the least in 
 the world fitted to be a Reformer ; the only good 
 Reformers have been ascetics ; Elijah, St John the 
 Baptist ;" [as for Hezekiah and Josiah, they are not 
 worth the name : we cannot add, ' with reverence 
 to the Scriptures be it spoken ;' but such modern 
 Cathohcs have long ago laid that aside.] "and 
 again, the lights of the Church in the middle ages, 
 Hildebrand, Becket, and Innocent." Nothing will 
 do for these men but Popes and Prelates with their 
 mouths full of cursing, men who have the boldness 
 of St. Peter without his obedience, to whom long 
 since it hath been said in vain, ' Put up thy sword 
 into his place.' " Ah, there is more required to make 
 one valiant, than to call Cranmer or Jewel coward, 
 as if the fire in Smithfield had been no hotter than 
 what is painted in the book of martyrs."* 
 
 It was of such theologians that Fuller wrote. 
 No pity is to be shewn to such voluntary cripples. 
 We read (Acts xxvii. 12) of an haven in Crete, 
 which lay toward the south-west and toward the 
 north-west : strange that it could have part of two 
 opposite points, north and south ; sure, it must be 
 very winding. And thus some men's souls are in 
 such intricate postures, they lay toward the Papists 
 and toward the Protestants ; such we count not of 
 
 See the British Critic, July, 1841. No. 59, p. 15. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 121 
 
 a moderate judgment, but of an immoderate un- 
 settledness." These men are confessedly moving, 
 and what kind of motion, let them say for them- 
 selves, "As we go on, we must recede more and 
 more from the principles, if any such there be, of 
 the English Reformation." * Whatever may seem 
 ambiguous in such a declaration, one thing is cer- 
 tain, that its authors do not mean by the principles 
 of the English Reformation, their professorships, 
 canonries, rectories, and the like. 
 
 In Fuller's character of the good Bishop, he 
 makes honourable mention of Bishops Lake and 
 Andrewes. Of Lake, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 
 he gives a brief but interesting sketch in his British 
 Worthies. His grateful spirit, here finds oppor- 
 tunity to requite in some degree, the fatherly af- 
 fection of his now deceased uncle Bishop Davenant. 
 *' In his grave writings, he [the good Bishop] 
 aims at God's glory and the Church's peace, with 
 that worthy prelate, the second Jewel of Salisbury, 
 whose comments and controversies will transmit 
 his memory to all posterity." And, indeed, the 
 learned will never fail to acknowledge the great 
 acuteness and depth of Davenant. What praise 
 can suffice for his animadversions upon Hoard, on 
 the Universal love of God? A work in which 
 Davenant enters, with a mind as fully prepared for 
 such inquiries as can fall to the lot of man, into 
 the most mysterious disputes that have ever divided 
 philosophers and theologians. 
 
 * Brit. Critic, July, 1841, p. 45. 
 
122 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 The character of the good Bisliop is so inimi- 
 tably drawn by Fuller, that we may readily conceive 
 that he would himself, had his life been spared, 
 have considerably outshone the witty Bishop Cor- 
 bet, and have been transmitted to posterity as a 
 second Toby Mathew ; that cheerful prelate never 
 to be forgotten by those who have been made ac- 
 quainted with him through the pages of his friend. 
 Sir John Harrington. 
 
 Of those, who in his day, depreciated the martyrs 
 in the Marian persecution, he nobly observes, " How- 
 ever, their (the martyrs') real worth floats not witli 
 people's fancies, no more than a rock in the sea 
 rises and falls with the tide." * 
 
 To that party (the precursors of the Tractarian 
 School) Fuller again alludes in the third chapter 
 of his Worthies of England : "I confess I have 
 formerly met with some njen, who would not allow 
 them for martyrs, who suffered in the reign of Queen 
 Mary, making them little better iYidia felons de se, 
 wilfully drawing their blood on themselves. Most 
 of these, I hope, are since convinced in their judg- 
 ment, and have learned more charity in the school 
 of affliction, who, by their own losses have learned 
 better to value the lives of others, and now will 
 willingly allow martyrship to those from whom they 
 wholly withheld, or grudgingly gave it before." 
 
 * The Life of Andronicus closes the ' Holy and Profane 
 Slate.'' It was first printed in l^nao. 1646, and afterward 
 in 1648, appended to the second edition of the ' Holy and 
 Frofinie Slate.' 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 JFast Sermon 1642 — Accession Sermon 1643. 
 
 ULLER was now residing in the 
 midst of daily increasing perils. War 
 had commenced, and the patriotic 
 party (as they called themselves) 
 shewed neither justice nor mercy to 
 such of their fellow citizens as were bold enough 
 to act upon more equitable principles. The King, 
 insulted and unprotected in his metropolis, had, 
 early in 1642, left it for York. Thither he was 
 followed by the Lord Keeper Lyttleton and many 
 of the nobility, and amongst them the Earl of 
 Northampton and Lord Paulet ; after the battle of 
 Edgehill, he removed to Oxford. 
 
 Upon Innocents' day in the following December, 
 ordered to be kept as a fast by the Parliament, 
 (peradventure, as a religious mark of contempt for 
 the institutions and observances of the Church of 
 England,) Fuller preached at the Savoy in behalf 
 of peace from St. Matthew, v. 9. Blessed are the 
 peace-makers. He forcibly exposed the unchris- 
 tian character of war, its opposition to the spirit of 
 
124 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 prayer, faith, and obedience. He alluded to the 
 miserable condition of the Irish Protestants, the 
 desertion of whose cause must necessarily ensue in 
 the continuance of the civil war at home. He 
 pointed out the scandal and dishonour which would 
 hereby redound to the Protestant religion, " whereof 
 a true Christian ought to be more tender and sen- 
 sible than of any worldly loss whatever." He re- 
 plied to the objection, that the cause of truth would 
 be sacrificed by peace. " Before this war began, 
 we had in England truth in all essential to salva- 
 tion. We had all necessary and important truths, 
 truly compiled in our thirty-nine articles. We had 
 the word of God truly preached (I could wish it 
 had been more frequently and generally), the sa- 
 craments duly administered ; which two put together 
 doth constitute a true church." He proceeded to 
 the objection that errors had crept into our doc- 
 trine, new ceremonies and innovations in discipline ; 
 " The best and only way to purge these errors out, 
 is in a fair and peaceable way ; for the sword can- 
 not discern betwixt error and falsehood ; it may 
 have two edges, but hath never an eye. Let there, 
 on God's blessing, be a synod of truly grave, pious, 
 and learned divines ; and let them both fairly dis- 
 pute, and fully decide what is true, what is false, 
 what ceremonies are to be retained, what to be re- 
 jected; and let civil authority stamp their command 
 upon it, to be generally received under what penalty 
 their discretion shall think fittino-. But as long as 
 war lasts, no hope of any such agreement; this 
 must be a work for peace to perform." " So then 
 
THOMAS FULLER, B.B. 125 
 
 under the notion of peace, hitherto we have and 
 hereafter do intend such a peace, as when it comes, 
 we hope will restore truth unto us in all the acci- 
 dental and ornamental parts thereof, and add it to 
 that truth in essentials to salvation, which we en- 
 joyed before this w^ar began; and in this sense I 
 will boldly pronounce, ' Blessed are the peace- 
 makers.' " 
 
 He proceeds to the hindrances of peace, the many 
 national sins of our kingdom not repented of, sins 
 not of one army, or of one class of persons. " I 
 never knew, nor heard," he says, " of an army all 
 of saints, save the holy army of martyrs, and those, 
 you know, were dead first, for the last breath they 
 sent forth proclaimed them to be martyrs. 
 
 " But it is not the sins of the armies alone, but 
 the sins of the whole kingdom which break off 
 our hopes of peace : our nation is generally sinful. 
 The city complains of the ambition and prodigality 
 of the courtiers ; the courtiers complain of the 
 pride and covetousness of the citizens : the laity 
 complain of the laziness and state-meddling of the 
 clergy ; the clergy complain of the hard dealing 
 and sacrilege of the laity : the rich complain of the 
 murmuring and ingratitude of the poor; the poor 
 complain of the oppression and extortion of the 
 rich. Thus every one is more ready to throw dirt 
 in another's face than to w^ash his own clean. And 
 in all these though malice set the varnish, sure 
 truth doth lay the groundwork. 
 
 " Of particular hindrances, in the first place, w^e 
 may rank the Romish recusants. Is not the hand 
 
126 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 ofJoah with thee in all this? was David's ques- 
 tion. But is not the hand may we all say, of Je" 
 suits in these distractions ?" The Papists, he ob- 
 serves, discovered that the strength of England lav 
 in unity, and that it was impossible to conquer En- 
 ghsh Protestants but by English Protestants. 
 And to this end they sowed divisions.* Then he 
 proceeds to speak of " the schismatics," and of 
 those " who for their private interests supported the 
 war." He then advises petitions both to the King 
 and to the Parhament, the laying aside of odious 
 party-names and terms of contempt, and a serious 
 and general repentance ; and exhorting his hearers 
 to the devout observance of the fast, warns them 
 from the prophet Amos, who, complaining of the 
 luxury of the Israelites, their sensuality and degene- 
 racy concludes all with this sharp close, " But they 
 are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph."f 
 
 Fuller, in this instance, confined himself within 
 very strict limits. He avoided as much as possible 
 whatever was of a purely political nature, and, in- 
 deed, he could not have taken a contrary course 
 without turning the fast into an occasion of strife 
 and debate. He doubtless participated in the con- 
 viction, that the favour shewn to Romanism by the 
 King and by some of his advisers was a great 
 public offence, and so far he coincided with many, 
 who, under the impression that the cause of the 
 Parliament was the cause of true religion, joined 
 
 * And see Prefate to SlillingfieeV s Unreasonablenesx of 
 Separation. t P. 30. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 127 
 
 with them. The Parliamentary leaders availed 
 themselves of this feeling, and had in the January 
 preceding the Civil War, entreated that the educa- 
 tion of the royal offspring should be committed to 
 the superintendence of Parliament, or, in the recess 
 of Parliament, to the Privy Council ; that the mar- 
 riages of the royal family should receive a parlia- 
 mentary sanction ; that the penal laws against Pa- 
 pists and Jesuits should be strictly executed ; that 
 the votes of Popish Lords in parliament should be 
 taken away, while those peers continued recusants ; 
 and that there should be such a reformation of the 
 Church as Parliament might advise, after having 
 called together an Assembly of Divines. We can, 
 indeed, scarcely doubt that a great party were in- 
 tent upon nothing but the establishment of a new 
 system of church-government, in a word, the con- 
 tinuance of the already sanctioned equality of eccle- 
 siastical persons. The patriotism of Hampden and 
 of others may be very questionable, but it will be 
 difficult to disprove that the lukewarm and incon- 
 sistent conduct both of James and Charles, in re- 
 gard to the interests of religion, gave just cause of 
 fear and suspicion to their subjects, that they had 
 not a sincere affection either to the faith which 
 they professed, or to the civil Hberties of the king- 
 dom with the welfare of which they were en- 
 trusted. 
 
 In 1643, the parliament professed (probably with 
 insincerity) to desire a peace. Their irritating, 
 language, and their demand that the King would 
 sanction the utter abolition of episcopacy, shew ed of 
 
128 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 themselves, that as they addressed him no longer 
 as his subjects, so they had no intention of again 
 acknowledging his authority. And on the other 
 side, the selfishness of some about the King was 
 as little inclined to any concessions, or to treat with 
 his enemies in any light but that of traitors. So 
 we find Fuller speaking out, and that in the most 
 public place, upon March 27, the day of the King's 
 accession. On that day he preached in the Abbey 
 Church, Westminster, from 2 Sam. xix. 30. The 
 text itself would doubtless be most unpalatable to 
 all revolutionary spirits ; " Yea, let him take all, 
 for as much as my Lord, the King, is come again 
 in peace unto his own house." He spoke very 
 earnestly and unreservedly upon the duty of all 
 to unite in accepting the peace now proffered on 
 the part of the King, and to believe his promises. 
 " There must," he says, " at last be a mutual con- 
 fiding on both sides, so that they must count the 
 honesty of others their only hostages. This the 
 sooner it be done, the easier it is done. For who 
 can conceive that when both sides have suffered 
 more w^'ongs they wdll sooner forgive, or when 
 they have offered more wrongs be sooner for- 
 given ? For our King's part, let us demand of his 
 money what Christ asked of Csesar's coin ; Whose 
 image is this ? Charles' : and what is the super- 
 scription ? Religio Protestantiuwi, Leges Anglice, 
 Libertates Parliamenti,* and he hath caused them 
 
 * The Religion of Protestants ; the Laws of England j 
 tlie Liberties of Parliament. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 129 
 
 to be cast both in silver and gold, in pieces of 
 several sizes and proportions ; as if thereby to shew 
 that he intends to make good his promise both to 
 poor and rich, great and small, and we are bound 
 to believe him. Nor less fair are the professions 
 of the Parliament on the other side, and no doubt, 
 but as really they intend them. But these matters 
 belong not to us to meddle with, and as for all 
 other politic objections against peace, they pertain 
 not to the pulpit to answer. All that we desire to 
 see, is the King re-married to the state ; and we 
 doubt not, but as the bridegroom on the one side, 
 will be careful to have his portion paid, His pre- 
 rogative ; so the bride's friends entrusted for her, 
 will be sure to see her jointure settled — the liberty 
 of the subject.'' 
 
 Then, applying the text to the occasion, he thus 
 lauds the King. " Seeing now the servants of 
 our sovereign are generally gone hence to wait on 
 their Lord, we may now boldly, without danger to 
 make them puffed up with pride, or ourselves sus- 
 pected for flattery, speak that in praise of their 
 master, which malice itself cannot deny. Look 
 above him ; to his God how is he pious I Look 
 beneath; to his subjects how is he pitiful I Look 
 about him ; how is he constant to his wife, careful 
 for his children I Look near him ; how is he good 
 to his servants I Look far from him ; how is he 
 just to foreign princes." Then enumerating the 
 qualities of our sovereigns from William the Con- 
 queror down to Edward the Fourth, he proceeds, 
 " But let malice itself stain our sovereign with any 
 
 K 
 
130 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 notorious personal fault, for to wish him wholly 
 without fault, were in effect to wish him dead. Be- 
 sides this, consider him as a King, and what favours 
 hath he bestowed on his subjects, and then, that 
 his courtesies might not unravel or fret out, hath 
 he bound them with a strong border and a rich 
 fringe, a triennial parliament." He then sums up 
 the King's concessions, the abolition of the Star 
 Chamber and High Commission Court, monopolies 
 and ship-money ; and the King's offer of abolishing 
 " burdensome ceremonies to tender consciences," 
 and lastly, "triennial parliaments settled, and the 
 present indefinitely prolonged," a state contradic- 
 tion, but a sort of despotism not unacceptable to 
 these reformers, who thus sought each the perpe- 
 tuity of his little kingship. Fuller hints at the 
 excess of these concessions with his own felicitous 
 manner. " Do we not dream ? Do I speak ? Do 
 you hear? Is it light? Do we not deceive our- 
 selves with fond fancies ? Or are not these boons 
 too big to beg ? too great to be granted ? Such 
 as our fathers never durst desire, nor grand- 
 fathers hope to receive ? O no, it is so, it is sure, 
 it is certain we are awake, we do not dream ; if 
 any thing be asleep, it is our ingratitude, which 
 is so drowsy to return deserved thanks to God and 
 the King for these great favours." 
 
 But there is a fervour and an eloquence in this 
 sermon that forbids our leaving it until it be ended. 
 
 " Next to the King, comes my Lord the King, 
 and this peculiarly concerns the courtiers, and such 
 Mephibosheths as eat bread at his table, who, under 
 
THOMAS FULLER, B.B. 131 
 
 (jod, owe their being to his bounty, and whose 
 states are not only made but created by him. 
 These, indeed, of all other are bound most to re- 
 joice at their sovereign's return, being obliged 
 thereunto by a threefold tie ; loyalty to a sovereign, 
 duty to a master, and gratitude to a benefactor : 
 except (as some fondly hold, that a letter sealed 
 with three seals, may be lawfully opened) any con- 
 ceive that a threefold engagement may be easiest 
 declined. 
 
 " Next we insist on ' his own house,' wherein 
 this city is particularly pointed at. For if London 
 be the Jerusalem of our David, then certainly 
 Westminster is his Sion, where he hath his constant 
 habitation. Here is the principal palace of his re- 
 sidence, the proper seat of his great council, the 
 usual receipt of his revenues, the common courts 
 of justice, the ancient chair of his enthroning, the 
 royal ashes of his ancestors, the fruitful nursery of 
 his children. You, therefore, the inhabitants of 
 this city have most reason to rejoice. 
 
 " But, alas ! What have I done that I should 
 not ? Or rather, what have I to do that I cannot, 
 having invited many guests now to a feast, and 
 having no meat to set before you ? I have called 
 courtiers and citizens to rejoice, and still one thing 
 is wanting, and that a main material one, the foun- 
 der of all the rest, the King is not returned in 
 peace. Thus the sun is slipped out of our firma- 
 ment, and the diamond dropped out of the ring of 
 my text. I pretended and promised to make an 
 application thereof to the time, and must I now 
 
132 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 be like the foolish builder in the gospel, begin and 
 cannot finish ? Ow7i house, that is the bottom of 
 the text, but this stands empty. Mi/ Lord the 
 King, and that is the top of the text ; but he is far 
 off, and the words which are the side- walls to join 
 them together. He is come home in peace, these, 
 alas ! cannot be erected. In this case, there is but 
 one remedy to help us, and that prescribed by our 
 Saviour himself, John xxvi. 23, ' Whatsoever ye 
 ask the Father in my name he will give you.' 
 
 " Let us pray faithfully, pray fervently, pray 
 constantly, pray continually. Let preacher and 
 people join their prayers together, that God would 
 be pleased to build up the walls and make up the 
 breaches in the application, that what cannot be 
 told, may be foretold for a truth ; and that our text 
 may be verified of Charles in prophecy, as by David 
 in history. Excellently St. Austin adviseth, that 
 men should not be curious to inquire how original 
 sin came into them, but careful to seek how to get 
 it out. By the same similitude (though reversed) 
 let us not be curious to know what made our King 
 (who next to God I count our original good) to 
 leave this city, or whether offences given or taken 
 moved him to his departure ; but let us bend our 
 brains and improve our best endeavours to bring 
 him safely and speedily back again. How often 
 herein have our pregnant hopes miscarried, even 
 when they were to be delivered ! Just as a man 
 in a storm swimming through the sea to the shore, 
 till the oars of his faint arms begin to fail him, is 
 now come to catch land, when an unmerciful wave 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 133 
 
 beats him as far back in an instant as he can re- 
 cover in an hour. Just so when our hopes of a 
 happy peace have been ready to arrive, some envi- 
 ous unexpected obstacle hath started up, and hath 
 set our hopes ten degrees backwards, as the shadow 
 of the sun-dial of Ahaz. But let us not hereat be 
 disheartened, but with blind Bartimeus, the more 
 we are commanded by unhappy accidents to hold 
 our peace, let us cry the louder in our prayers, the 
 rather, because our King is already partly come, 
 come in his offer to come, come in his tender to 
 treat, come in his proffer of peace. And this very 
 day being the beginning of the treaty, I may say 
 he set his first step forward ; God guide his feet, 
 and speed his pace. O let us thriftily husband the 
 least mite of hopes that it may increase, and date 
 our day from the first peeping of the morning star, 
 before the sun be risen. In a word, desist from 
 sinning, persist in praying, and then it may come 
 to pass that this our use may once be antedated, 
 and this day's sermon sent as a harbinger before- 
 hand to provide a lodging in your hearts for your 
 joy against the time, that ini/ Lord our King shall 
 return to his own house in peace." * 
 
 * The Sermons of Innocents Day 1642, and of March 27, 
 1643, were reprinted in 1654. 
 
 John Pigot, curate of St. Sepulchre's also pleaded the 
 cause of peace in a sermon entitled, " The sharpness of the 
 sword, or Abner's plea for Accommodation, London, 1643." 
 
134 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Dr. Fuller at Oxford and Exeter. He writes 
 his ' Cause and Cure of a Wounded Con- 
 science* 
 
 GAIN Fuller appeared publicly as 
 an advocate of measures tending to 
 peace, in a sermon upon a fast day, 
 in his own chapel of the Savoy, 
 July 27. This sermon, entitled 
 
 sermon of Reformation,' irom Heb. ix. 10, ' Until 
 the time of Reformation,' was licensed by John 
 Downam, and published this same year. In this 
 discourse, he animadverted upon the religious in- 
 novators of his day, and said, "Withal we flatly 
 deny that Queen Elizabeth left the dust behind the 
 door, which she cast out on the dunghill, whence 
 this uncivil expression was raked up." * Touching 
 upon the school of Laud he says, " We freely con- 
 fess that there may be some faults in our church, 
 in matters of practise and ceremonies, and no won- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 135 
 
 der if there be ; it would be a miracle if there were 
 not. Besides, there be some innovations rather in 
 the church than of the church, as not chargeable 
 on the public account, but on private men's scores, 
 who are old enough, let them answer for themselves." 
 He then proceeded to shew " the true characters of 
 such who are to be true and proper reformers." 
 They must have a lawful calling to this work. It is 
 plain from the approbation bestowed on the kings of 
 Judah for their interference in ecclesiastical affairs, 
 that to reform the Church was their proper office. 
 Private persons should help forward by their prayers. 
 Their office is to reform themselves and their own 
 houses. " A good man in scripture is never called 
 God's Church, (because that is a collective term 
 belonging to many) but is often termed God's 
 temple ; such a temple it is lawful for every private 
 man to reform : He must see that the foundation 
 of faith be firm, the pillars of patience be strong, 
 the windows of knowledge be clear, the roof of 
 perseverance be perfected." He omits not in the 
 quahfications of a true reformer, discretion. " Chris- 
 tian discretion, a grace that none ever spake against, 
 but those that wanted it." In this sermon, as in 
 his last, he animadverts upon the turbulent spirit 
 of the Anabaptists. " Very facile, but very foul, 
 is that mistake in the Vulgar translation, Luke 
 XV. 8. Instead of Everrit domum, She swept the 
 house, 'tis rendered Evertit domum,* She over- 
 
 * It is thus ia an edition of the Vulgate, at Lyon, Peter 
 and Claud Rigaud, 1648, p. 689. 
 
136 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 furtied the house. Such sweeping we must ex- 
 pect from such spirits, which under pretence to 
 cleanse our church, would destroy it." 
 
 Fuller then commends a due regard hoth to the 
 ancient and to the modern Fathers ; " Reformation 
 is to be done with all reverence and respect to the 
 ancient Fathers. These, though they lived near 
 the fountain of religion, yet lived in the marches of 
 Paganism, as also in the time wherein the mystery 
 of iniquity began to work, which we hope is now 
 ready to receive the wages. If, therefore, there be 
 found in their practice any ceremonies smacking of 
 Paganism or Popery, and if the same can be justly 
 challenged to continue in our church, I plead not 
 for their longer life, but for their decent burial. 
 
 " Secondly, with honourable reservation to the 
 memories of our first Reformers, reverend Cran- 
 mer, learned Ridley, downright Latimer, zealous 
 Bradford, pious Philpot, patient Hooper, men that 
 had their failings, but worthy in their genera- 
 tions." * 
 
 * It will be well for our age if it will give ear to the like 
 moderation of one in our day, inferior, perhaps, to none in 
 foresight and moderation. " We are told that we are on the 
 eve of a great religious crisis : that a religious ferment exists 
 in the public mind, such as has not existed since the Refor- 
 mation : that all that our Reformers did, is to be undone : 
 and that England is speedily to be unprotestantized. If the 
 fact be so (and we know that some at least are labouring 
 unceasingly to effect this consummation) it becomes, my 
 Reverend Brethren, the more incumbent upon us, earnestly 
 to pray that we may be endued with the spirit of the Re- 
 formers : that we may be enabled to imitate their modera- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 137 
 
 And lastly, " with carefulness, not to give any- 
 just offence to the Papists. Though Papists forget 
 their duty to us, let us remember our duty to them, 
 not as Papists, but as professors of Christianity, to 
 their persons, not erroneous opinions, not giving 
 them any just offence." 
 
 Reproving the fanaticism of some of the sectaries, 
 he remarks, " And yet there are some now-a-days, 
 that talk of a great hght manifested in this age 
 more than ever before. Indeed we moderns have 
 a mighty advantage of the ancients :* whatsoever 
 
 tion : and emancipate ourselves, as completely as they did, 
 from the dominion of passion, of prejudice, of an excessive 
 desire, or an unreasonable dread of change." Charge to the 
 Clergy of the Diocese o f Lincoln, by John, Lord Bishop of Lin- 
 coln, Delivered at the Triennial Visitation in 1843, pp. 55, 56. 
 London, Rivingtons, 1843. 
 
 * To the pretended new light. Fuller thus alludes in his 
 Worthies of England. " What reformation of late hath been 
 made in men's judgments and manners I know not. Sure I 
 am, that deformation hath been great in trees and timber : 
 who verily believe that the clearing of many dark places, 
 where formerly plenty of wood, is all the new light this age 
 hath produced." 
 
 Worthies of England, Northamptonshire, vol. ii. p. 160. ed. 
 Nichols. 
 
 And in his notice of John Ball, "whose treatise of Faith," 
 he observes, cannot be sufficiently commended, he relates 
 of him that he hated all new lights and pretended inspirations 
 besides Scripture ; and when one asked him, whether he at 
 any time had experience thereof in his own heart; " No," 
 said he, " I bless God ; and if I should ever have such phan- 
 tasies, I hope God would give me grace to resist them." 
 Worthies, vol. ii. p. 5^32. 
 
138 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 was theirs, by industry may be made ours. The 
 Christian philosophy of Justin Martyr, the constant 
 sanctity of Cyprian, the CathoUc faith of Athana- 
 sius, the orthodox judgment of Nazianzen, the 
 manifold learning of Jerome, the solid comments 
 of Chrysostom, the subtle controversies of Augus- 
 tine, the excellent Morals of Gregory, the humble 
 devotions of Bernard, all contribute themselves to 
 the edification of us, who live in this latter age. 
 But as for any transcendent extraordinary, mira- 
 culous light, peculiarly conferred on our times, the 
 worst I wish the opinion is this, that it were true." 
 
 In this discourse he hints at the oppressiveness 
 of enclosures in his day, " England, which (what 
 betwixt the covetousness of landlords and the care- 
 fulness of tenants) is almost measured to an acre." * 
 
 This sermon was licensed by John, youngest son 
 of Dr. WiUiam Downham, Bishop of Chester in 
 the reign of Elizabeth. His elder brother was one 
 of the best controversialists of his day, writing ela- 
 borately upon Justification, upon Episcopacy, and 
 upon Antichrist. John Downham was born in 
 Chester, was educated at Christ College, Cam- 
 bridge, and was much esteemed as a preacher in 
 London, where he lectured in St. Bartholomews, 
 behind the Exchange, on the plentiful endowment 
 of "Master Jones, of Monmouth." Fuller adds 
 of him in his By^itish Worthies, that he is memo- 
 rable to posterity for his worthy work of the Chris- 
 tian Warfare. 
 
 * P. 23. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, I). I). 139 
 
 But four days after this sermon, the news of the 
 taking of Bristol by the royal forces reached Lon- 
 don ; a great success, but the littlenesses and unhappy 
 contentions of the Princes Maurice and Rupert, 
 wasted the opportunities that now opened upon the 
 King. About the same time there was a debate 
 in the London Parliament, and an accommodation 
 with the King was carried by a considerable majo- 
 rity, but on the following Sunday, the seditious 
 preachers sounded to arms. No longer was the 
 sanctity of the day regarded by these hypocrites ; 
 a common council was called upon that day by the 
 Lord Mayor Pennington, and a petition and a mob 
 carried by intimidation the designs of the rebels ; 
 the continuance of the war. Fuller had been ap- 
 pointed, with five of his brethren, to carry up a 
 petition to the King for peace, but was on the way 
 remanded by the Parliament.* And now the dis- 
 covery of the commission of array in the possession 
 of Tomkins and Chaloner, gave the factious party a 
 handle to ill-treat and plunder their more loyal fel- 
 low-citizens. But to make their course sure, they 
 drew up a protestation or vow and covenant, a fit 
 precursor to that solemn league and covenant upon 
 which they were pleased shortly after, to base their 
 usurped authority. 
 
 " I, A. B. in humility and reverence of the di- 
 vine majesty, declare my hearty sorrow for my 
 own sins and the sins of this nation, which have 
 deserved the calamities and judgments that now lie 
 
 * Appeal of Injured Innocence, Pt. II. p. 46. 
 
140 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 upon it ; and my true intention is, by God's grace, 
 to endeavour the amendment of my own ways : and 
 I do farther, in the presence of Almighty God de- 
 clare, vow, and covenant, that in order to the se- 
 curity and preservation of the true reformed Pro- 
 testant religion, and liberty of the subject, I will 
 not consent to the laying down of arms, so long 
 as the Papists, now in open war against the Parlia- 
 ment, shall by force of arms be protected from the 
 justice thereof : and that I do abhor and detest the 
 said wicked and treacherous design lately disco- 
 vered : and that I never gave, nor will give my 
 assent to the execution thereof, but will, according 
 to my power and vocation, oppose and resist the 
 same, and all other of the like nature. And in 
 case any other like design shall hereafter come to 
 my knowledge, I will make such timely discovery, 
 as I shall conceive may best conduce to the pre- 
 venting thereof. And whereas, I do in my con- 
 science believe, that the forces raised by the two 
 houses of Parliament, are raised and continued for 
 their just defence, and for the defence of the true 
 Protestant religion and liberty of the subject, 
 against the forces raised by the King ; that I will 
 according to my power and vocation, assist the 
 forces raised and continued by both houses of Par- 
 liament, against the forces raised by the King with- 
 out their consent : and will likewise assist all other 
 persons that shall take this oath, in what they shall 
 do in pursuance thereof ; and will not, directly or 
 indirectly, adhere unto, nor shall willingly assist 
 the forces raised by the King, without the consent 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 141 
 
 of both houses of Parhament. And this vow and 
 covenant I make in the presence of i^lmighty God, 
 the searcher of all hearts, with a true intention to 
 perform the same, as I shall answer at the great 
 day, when the secrets of all hearts shall be dis- 
 closed." 
 
 WTiosoever refused to take this vow and cove- 
 nant, needed no other charge to be concluded and 
 prosecuted as the highest malignant.* 
 
 Toward the end of this year the solemn league 
 and covenant, which had been taken by the Par- 
 liament on Monday, September 25, was generally 
 and rigorously urged. The great astrological 
 quack, Lilly, accused our author of having taken 
 it also, but he himself shews the origin and ground 
 of this false accusation to have been his taking, but 
 with limitations, the oath framed on occasion of the 
 pretended plots of Tomkyns and Chaloner. 
 
 After having laid the Solemn League and Cove- 
 nant and the exceptions to it before the reader in 
 the eleventh book of his Church History, he pro- 
 ceeds. 
 
 " So much concerning the covenant, which, some 
 three months after, began to be rigorously and ge- 
 nerally urged. Nor have I ought else to observe 
 thereof, save to add in my own defence, that I 
 never saw the same, except at distance as hung up 
 in churches, nor ever had any occasion to read, or 
 hear it read, till this day (July 1, 1654,) in writing 
 my history, whatever hath been reported and printed 
 
 * Claiendons Hist, of the Rebellion, iv. p, 74. 
 
142 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 to the contrary, of my taking thereof in London, 
 who went away from the Savoy to the King-'s quar- 
 ters, long before any mention thereof in England. 
 
 " True it is, there was an oath which never ex- 
 ceeded the Line of communication, meeting with 
 so much opposition that it expired in the infancy 
 thereof, about the time when the plot was disco- 
 vered, for which Mr. Tomkyns and Chaloner suf- 
 fered. This was tendered to me, and taken by me 
 in the vestry of the Savoy Church, but first pro- 
 testing some limitations thereof to myself. This 
 not satisfying, was complained of by some persons 
 present, to the Parliament, where it was ordered 
 that, the next Lord's day, I should take the same 
 oath in ferminis terminantibus, in the face of the 
 church, which not agreeing with my conscience, I 
 withdrew myself into the King's parts, which (1 
 hope) I may no less safely, than I do freely con- 
 fess, because punished for the same with the loss 
 of my livelihood, and since (I suppose) pardoned 
 in the Act of Oblivion.'' * 
 
 This must have occurred after July 27, when he 
 preached his sermon of Reformation, and probably 
 before September 25, when the Solemn League 
 and Covenant was much more than talked of, being 
 taken on that day by the London Parliament. 
 
 At Oxford, Fuller was lodged in Lincoln Col- 
 lege, and, whilst there, preached before the King 
 in the University Church ; f but his sincerity and 
 
 * Ch. Hist, of Britain, Book xi. pp. 206, 207. 
 
 t Life of Dr. Fuller, 1661. Amongst his friends at Ox- 
 ford, wasDr. Yate, Principal of Brasen-nose College in 1660. 
 See Lis Worthies, vol. i. p. 191. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 143 
 
 moderation did not shield him from the reflections 
 of some whose zeal knew no bounds, although it 
 was not so with their charity. Fuller sought to 
 reconcile the animosities of unreasonable men on 
 both sides, but if the Heylyns took this ill, we may 
 be sure that the Sandersons and Halls did not. 
 
 Bishop Hall, indeed, owned his friendship in a 
 most cordial spirit, subscribing himself his much 
 devoted friend, precessor, and fellow-labourer, in 
 his letter vindicating himself and his colleagues in 
 the Synod of Dort, from the aspersions of Good- 
 win, the author of the book entitled, ' Redemption 
 Redeemed.' 
 
 Sanderson, we have seen, was of the same mind 
 with our author, in respect of the much disputed 
 canons of 1640, and his high esteem of Sanderson 
 he has perpetuated in his mention of Lincoln 
 College ; " Amongst the modern worthies of this 
 college still surviving, Dr. Robert Saunderson (late 
 Regius Professor) moveth in the highest sphere ; 
 as no less plain and profitable, than able and pro- 
 found casuist, (a learning almost lost among Pro- 
 testants) wrapping up sharp thorns in rosy leaves ; 
 I mean hard matter in sweet Latin, and pleasant 
 expressions." f 
 
 It was not long before Fuller's Sermon of Re- 
 formation was attacked by a Mr. John Saltmarsh, 
 M.A. of Magdalen College, Cambridge, and pastor 
 of Heslerton, in the East Riding of Yorkshire. 
 Fuller, in his Woi'thies, makes mention of him 
 
 * Ch. Hist. B. X, p. 85. t Ibid. B. iv. p. J 68. 
 
144 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 with that candour and charity, which never forsook 
 him. He, there tells us, that " John Saltmarsh 
 was extracted from a right ancient but decayed 
 family in Yorkshire, and I am informed that Sir 
 John Metham, his kinsman, bountifully contributed 
 to his education. Returning into his native country, 
 he was very great with Sir John Hotham the elder. 
 He was one of a fine and active fancy, no con- 
 temptible poet, and a good preacher, as by some of 
 his profitable printed sermons doth appear. Be it 
 charitably imputed to the information of his judg- 
 ment and conscience, that from a zealous observer, he 
 became a violent oppressor of Bishops and ceremo- 
 nies. He wrote a book against my sermon of Re- 
 Jbrmation, taxing me for many points of Popery 
 therein. I defended myself in a book called Truth 
 Maintained, diud challenged him to an answer, who 
 appeared in the field no more, rendering this reason 
 thereof, that he would not shoot his arrows against 
 a dead mark, being informed that I was dead at 
 Exeter. I have no cause to be angry with fame 
 (but rather to thank her) for so good a lie. May 
 I make this true use of that false report — to die 
 daily. See how providence hath crossed it : the 
 dead [reported] man is still living;* the then 
 living man dead. And seeing I survive to go over 
 his grave, I will tread the more gently on the mould 
 thereof; using that civility on him which I re- 
 ceived from him. 
 
 " He died in or about Windsor (as he was riding 
 
 May 20, 1661, at the writing hereof. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, B.B. 145 
 
 to and fro in the Parliament army) of a burning 
 fever, venting- on his death-bed strange expressions, 
 apprehended (by some of his party) as extatical, 
 yea, prophetical raptures, whilst others accounted 
 them (no wonder if outrages in the city, when the 
 enemy hath possessed the castle commanding it) to 
 the acuteness of his disease which had seized his 
 intellectuals. His death happened about the year 
 1650."* 
 
 Saltmarsh entitled his censures, " Examinations, 
 or a Discovery of some dangerous positions de- 
 livered in a Sermon of Reformation, Preached in 
 the Church of the Savoy last fast day, July 26," 
 [by a mistake for 27] " by Tho. Fuller, B.D. and 
 since printed." Then follows a text not very cha- 
 ritably applied, " Having a form of godliness, but 
 denying the power thereof." This pamphlet was li- 
 censed by Charles Herle. He was a native of 
 Cornwall; was B. A. of Exeter College, Oxford, 
 1615, andM.A. 1618; richly beneficed at War- 
 wick, in Lancashire, and, after the death of Dr. 
 Twiss, President of the Westminster Assembly of 
 Divines. " As I dare not," wTites Fuller, " defend 
 all the doctrine delivered in his printed books, so I 
 will not inveigh against him, lest in me it be inter- 
 preted a revenge on his memory for licensing a 
 book written against me (by ]Mr. John Saltmarsh,) 
 wherein I was taxed for Popish compliance, though 
 since, (in myself still the same man) I groan under 
 a contrary representation. The best is, innocence 
 
 * Worthies of England, Yorkshire, p. 212. 
 L 
 
146 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 doth turn such groans into songs of gladness. 
 Mr. Herle departed this Hfe about 1655." * 
 
 The notification of license is followed by an 
 anonymous advertisement, affirming that My. John 
 Downam, had received from Fuller a promise which 
 the latter did not fulfil, to alter some passages in 
 his sermon of Reformation. Saltmarsh dedicated 
 his " Examinations" to the Assembly of Divines ; 
 he professed that his thoughts took him but one 
 afternoon, and they accordingly evince neither 
 learning nor caution. Fuller answered them with 
 more than sufficient minuteness ; his reply he en- 
 titled, " Truth Maintained, or Positions delivered 
 in a Sermon at the Savoy : since traduced for 
 dangerous : now asserted for sound and safe. Ox- 
 ford, 1643." After the Dedication to the two Uni- 
 versities, is a letter to Mr. Herle, who had vouched 
 for the utility of Saltmarsh's hasty animadversions 
 in the license he affixed to them. This Fuller re- 
 garded, and justly too, as nothing short of joining 
 in the charges brought against him by Saltmarsh, 
 charges that might have endangered him in such 
 times as those. Then follows a letter to Mr. 
 Downam in which Fuller denies altogether the 
 anonymous report respecting his having promised 
 to Downam to alter certain passages in the sermon 
 that gave rise to this dispute. This is succeeded 
 by an epistle to Saltmarsh himself, and by anothcF 
 to his parishioners of St. Mary, Savoy. 
 
 Of Herle, Fuller in the fifth chapter of his Woi'- 
 
 * Worthies of England, Cornwall, p. 212. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 147 
 
 thies of England, gives the following- pleasant re- 
 lation : " I know the man full well, to whom Mr. 
 Charles Herle, President of the Assembly, said 
 somewhat insultingly, Til tell you news : last night 
 I buried a Eishop (dashing more at his profes- 
 sion than person) in Westminster Abbey. To 
 whom the other returned with like latitude to both. 
 Sure you buried him in hope of resurrection. This 
 our eyes at this day see performed ; and, it being 
 the work of the Lord, may justly seem marvellous 
 in our sight." * 
 
 In his Reply to Saltmarsh, Fuller draws a very 
 dark, but doubtless, faithful picture of the times. 
 Profanity, adultery, and theft, were never more 
 common, "lying both in word and print grown 
 epidemical, so that it is questionable whether guns 
 or printing (two inventions of the same country 
 and standing) at the present do more mischief in 
 this kingdom." 
 
 * Fuller, dividing the Bishops into companies according 
 to the primates, Cranmer, Parker, Whitgift, Abbot, and 
 Juxon, observes, " It is also very remarkable that of this 
 fifth and last company [all Bishops in 1642,] nine are alive 
 at this present; London, [Juxon, translated thence to Can- 
 terbury,] Bath and Wells, [William Piers,] Ely, [Wren,] 
 Salisbury, [Duppa,] Bangor, [Roberts,] Coventry and Lich- 
 field, [Frewen, translated to York,] Oxford, [Skinner,] 
 Rochester, [Warner,] and Chichester, [King,] a vivacity 
 hardly to be paralleled of so many Bishops in any other age, 
 Providence purposely prolonging their lives, that, as they 
 had seen the violent ruining, they might also behold the 
 legal restitution of their order." Worthies of England, c. 5, 
 p. 15, vol. i. 
 
148 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Herle, before three sermons, entitled, " Ahab's 
 Fall hy his Prophet's Flatteries" London, 1644, 
 put forth a letter to Fuller by the leave of the 
 author of these sermons. This letter is itself a 
 proof of the hypocritical and double-minded spirit 
 of the pseudo-patriots that abounded in this age of 
 discord. 
 
 Fuller spent somewhat more than a quarter of a 
 year at Oxford, and is said to have been appointed 
 a chaplain in the army to Lord Hopton, one of the 
 most faithful of all the King's servants, and one of 
 the most religious of his generals. Whilst at Ox- 
 ford, his library and all that he left in London, fell 
 into the hands of the Parliament ; another was ap- 
 pointed in his place at the Savoy, and he was re- 
 duced to as great poverty as it was in the power of 
 his enemies to bring upon hira. His going to 
 Oxford, he tells us, cost him all that he had, a dear 
 seventeen weeks compared with the seventeen 
 years he spent in Cambridge.^: To his losses he 
 thus alludes in his Mixt Contemplations : " I have 
 observed, that towns which have been casually 
 burnt, have been built again more beautiful than 
 before ; mud walls afterwards made of stone ; and 
 roofs formerly but thatched, after advanced to be 
 tiled. The apostle tells me, that I must not think 
 strange concerning the fiery trial which is to happen 
 unto me. May I likewise prove improved by it. 
 Let my renewed soul, which grows out of the ashes 
 of the old man, be a more firm fabric, and stronger 
 
 X Ch. Hist, B. iv. p. 168. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 149 
 
 structure: so shall affliction be my advantage." 
 And in another place, " This nation is scourged 
 with a wasting war. Our sins were ripe ; God 
 could no longer be just if we were prosperous. 
 Blessed be his name, that I have suffered my share 
 in the calamities of my country. Had I poised 
 myself so politically betwixt both parties that I had 
 suffered from neither, yet could I have taken no con- 
 tentment in my safe escaping. For why should T, 
 equally engaged with others in sinning, be exempted 
 above them from the punishment ? And seeing the 
 bitter cup which my brethren have pledged, to pass 
 by me, I should fear it would be filled again, and 
 returned double, for me to drink it. Yea, I should 
 suspect that I were reserved alone for a greater 
 shame and sorrow. It is, therefore, some comfort, 
 that I draw in the same yoke with my neighbours, 
 and with them jointly bear the burden which our 
 sins jointly brought upon us.":{; 
 
 In these times of legalized injustice, not only did 
 our author suffer, but his library. In his dedica- 
 tion of the Jiffh Book of his Church History to the 
 Rt. Honourable Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middle- 
 sex, Baron Cranfield of Cranfield, &c. he says, 
 " Was it not cruelty to torture a library by maiming 
 and mangling the authors therein? neither leaving 
 nor taking them entire. Would they had took less^ 
 that so what they leftj might have been useful to 
 me, or left less, that so what they took, might have 
 
 I Mixt Contemplations, Fuller's Good Thoughts in Bud 
 Times, ed. Pickering, London, 1841, pp. 60, 63. 
 
150 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 been useful to others. Whereas now, mischievous 
 ignorance did a prejudice to me, without a profit to 
 itself or any body else. 
 
 " But would to God all my fellow -brethren, 
 which with me bemoan the loss of their books, 
 with me might also rejoice for the recovery thereof, 
 though not the same numerical volumes. Thanks 
 be to your Honour, who have bestowed on me 
 (the treasure of a. Lord Treasurer) what remained 
 of your father's library : your father who was the 
 greatest honourer and disgracer of students, bred in 
 learning : honourer, giving due respect to all men 
 of merit ; disgracer, who by his mere natural parts 
 and experience acquired that perfection of inven- 
 tion, expression, and judgment, to which those who 
 make learning their sole study, do never arrive." 
 
 His loss he thus notices in the seventeenth of 
 his Meditations on the Times : " One Nicias, a 
 philosopher, having his shoes stolen from him, may 
 they, said he,^t his feet that took them away ; a 
 wish at the first view very harmless, but there was 
 that in it which poisoned his charity into a malicious 
 revenge. For he, himself, had hurled or crooked 
 feet, so that in effect he wished the thief to be 
 lame. 
 
 " Whosoever hath plundered me of my books 
 arid papers, I freely forgive him, and desire that he 
 may fully understand and make good use thereof, 
 wishing him more joy of them, than he hath right 
 to them. Nor is there any snake under my herbs, 
 nor have I, as Nicias, any reservation or latent 
 sense to myself, but from my heart do desire, that 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 151 
 
 to all purposes and intents, my books may be bene- 
 ficial unto him ; only requesting him, that one pas- 
 sage in his (lately my) Bible [namely, Eph. iv. 
 28,] may be taken into his serious consideration." 
 
 From his Dedication of the second book of his 
 Pisgah- Sight to the Rt. Hon. Henry, Lord Beau- 
 champ (son to William, Marquess of Hertford,) it 
 appears that this may be understood not of the loss 
 of all his books, for he then relates that all indeed 
 would have been taken from him, had not a letter 
 from the Lady INIarchioness, preserved the greater 
 part thereof. 
 
 Amongst his friends in this, the time of his 
 greatest need, was Sir John Danvers, to whom he 
 dedicated in 1647, his " Sermon on Assurance ^ 
 He, probably it was, (the father of Henry Danvers,) 
 who gave him a liberal pension henceforth.:}: 
 
 Lord Hopton came to Oxford in December, 
 (1643) having already distinguished himself both 
 in and out of the field, as one who could command 
 not only others, but himself. Amongst his chap- 
 lains were Fuller and Richard Watson, of Caius 
 College, also an author of several curious collec- 
 tions.§ Fuller's anonymous biographer observes 
 of the Lord Hopton, " This noble Lord, though as 
 courageous and expert a captain, and successful 
 withal as any the King had, was never averse to an 
 amicable closure of the war upon fair and honour- 
 
 See the Dedication of the engraving of Solomon^ s Temyle, 
 Pisgah Sight, p. 355. 
 
 § See Wood's Fasti, An. 1662, 
 
152 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 able terms, and did, therefore, well approve of the 
 Doctor, and his desires and pursuit after peace. 
 The good Doctor was likewise infinitely contented 
 in his attendance on such an excellent personage, 
 whose conspicuous and noted loyalty could not but 
 derive the same reputation to his retainers, espe- 
 cially one so near his conscience as his chaplain, 
 and so wipe off that stain which the mistakes of 
 those men [the zealots, who with Heylyn, were 
 not satisfied with Fuller's measure of loyalty,] had 
 cast upon him."* 
 
 During the campaign and while the army con- 
 tinued in the field, he performed the duty of his 
 holy function according to the order and ritual of 
 the Church of England, constantly preaching on 
 the Lord's Day.J 
 
 It was at this period that he, from place to place, 
 gathered the materials of his " Worthies of En- 
 gland;" and if any shall consider how much ori- 
 ginal information is brought together in that work, 
 and from what a variety of sources, he will not 
 withhold from Fuller the praises due to his un- 
 wearied industry. 
 
 According to his anonymous biographer. Fuller 
 was some time at Basing House, the very extensive 
 and magnificent seat of the Marquess of Winches- 
 ter. In his Worthies he thus notices the valour 
 with which it was so long defended against the in- 
 surgents, " The motto. Love loyalty^ was often 
 written in every window thereof, and was well 
 
 * L?/e of Dr. T. Fuller, pp. 24, 25. t Ibid. pp. 25, 26. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 153 
 
 practised in it, when for resistance on that account, 
 it was lately levelled to the ground." J 
 
 Whether his biographer is correct or not in this 
 last instance, Fuller appears to have obtained of 
 Lord Hopton, about or before June, 1644, leave 
 to take up his abode at Exeter. Thither in May, 
 the Queen had resorted from Oxford, and there by 
 the interest of the Lady Dalkeith, (shortly after 
 Countess of Morton, by the death of her husband's 
 father) Fuller vvas appointed chaplain to the infant 
 princess, Henrietta, who was born at Bedford 
 House, Exeter, on the 16th of June. The Queen 
 herself, left for France, at the end of the same 
 month. Not long after this, the King visited Exe- 
 ter for a few days, where he had the happiness of 
 seeing his little daughter. Like the rest, however, 
 of the royal family, she grew up in the alien faith 
 of Rome, and so was afterward married to the 
 Duke of Orleans. 
 
 Whilst at Exeter, Dr. Fuller's society was much 
 sought. It is said, that " old Doctor Vilvain, of 
 that city, was pleasantly rallied by the Governor of 
 Exeter, for inviting him so often, or detaining him 
 so long from the society of others, as a cornholder, 
 that hoardeth up the grain to enhance the market 
 and make a dearth. But, it seems, the Doctor had 
 some uncommon manuscripts with a curious mu- 
 seum ; and being of a generous disposition, as his 
 
 X Hantshire, p. 3. His account of Lord Hopton's en- 
 gagements in Cornwall, at the end of Corntcall, in his Wor- 
 thies, is taken from a MS. of that General. 
 
154 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 benefactions in that city may testify, notwithstand- 
 ing his sufferings in those destructive times, as also 
 of courteous comportment and communicative con- 
 versation, they were mutually agreeable to each 
 other. John Digby, Earl of Bristol, offered to re- 
 tain Fuller in his household, if he would go over 
 and reside with him in France, protesting, that 
 while he was master of a loaf, Fuller should have 
 half of it. But this offer he declined, as he did a 
 similar one at another time, from the venerable 
 and most munificent Morton, Bishop of Durham,* 
 whose liberality has found a place in the pages of 
 honest Izaak Walton, there to survive, (we may 
 trust) to distant ages. Amongst his friends he 
 also now reckoned the Earl of Carlisle and George, 
 Lord Berkeley ; the latter name he thus gratefully 
 records : " At this day there fiourisheth many 
 noble stems sprung thereof, though George Lord 
 Berkele}'^, Baron Berkeley, Lord Mowbray, Sea- 
 grave, Bruce, be the top branch of this family: 
 one who hath been so signally bountiful in promo- 
 ting these (and all other) my weak endeavours, 
 that I deserve to be dumb, if ever I forget to re- 
 turn him public thanks for the same."-]' 
 
 Fuller, whilst at Exeter in 1645, published his 
 Good Thoughts in Bad Times, dedicated to his 
 patroness, the Lady Dalkeith; and in 1647, his 
 Good Thoughts in Worse Times. Here it is 
 
 * Worthies of England, Yorkshire, p. 229. 
 
 + Ibid, Gloucestershire, p. 466. To Bishop Morton, is at- 
 tributed an anonymous Treatise of tlie Nature of God, 1599; 
 and from this work Walton borrowed the opening of bis 
 dialogue in the Complete Angler. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 155 
 
 greatly to be regretted, in spite of the beauties with 
 which his Good Thoughts abound, that they are 
 in some instances unhappily degraded by a quaint- 
 ness that is never so much out of place as in reh- 
 gious meditations. In like manner the Bidding 
 Prayers of Bishop Andrewes savour as well of his 
 defects as of his excellencies. 
 
 In his Meditations on the Times, he thus alludes 
 to the then monthly fasts : " When the Jewish 
 Sabbath in the primitive times was newly changed 
 into the Christian's Lord's Day, many devout people 
 twisted both together in their observation, abstain- 
 ing from servile works, and keeping both Saturday 
 and Sunday wholly for holy employments. 
 
 "During these Civil Wars, Wednesday and 
 Friday fasts have been appointed by different au- 
 thorities. What harm had it been if they had been 
 both generally observed ? 
 
 " But alas ! when two messengers being sent to- 
 gether on the same errand fall out, will not the 
 work be worse done than if none were employed ? 
 In such a pair of fasts, it is to be feared that the 
 divisions of our affections rather would increase 
 than abate God's anger against us. 
 
 " Two negatives make an affirmative. Days of 
 humiliation are appointed for men to deny them- 
 selves and their sinful lusts. But do not our two 
 fasts more peremptorily affirm and avouch our 
 mutual malice and hatred ? God forgive us ; we 
 have cause enough to keep ten, but not care enough 
 to keep one monthly day of humiliation."* 
 
 Meditations oti the Times, xvii. 
 
156 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 About the time of the Restoration, our author 
 put forth Good Thoughts in Better Times, now 
 rarely to be procured, except in the modern editions 
 by Pickering, the latter of which includes his Cause 
 and Cure of a Wounded Conscience. 
 
 The garrison at Exeter was for want of succours 
 forced to surrender, but upon such favourable con- 
 ditions, that Fuller was permitted by Sir Thomas 
 Fairfax to depart without loss or interruption to 
 London. " Here," says his biographer, " he met 
 with but a cold reception amongst his former pa- 
 rishioners. Mr. Bond, heretofore a preacher at 
 Exeter, was Master of the Savoy;* and so many 
 other changes he saw, that the parish was scarcely 
 to be found in itself." 
 
 Previously to his departure, Fuller preached a 
 Farewell Sermon,which he entitled, " Fear of losing 
 
 * John Bond was the son of Dennis Bond, Esq. a violent 
 lepubHcan of Dorchester. He was himself educated under 
 Jolm White the centurist, and was chosen to a fellowship 
 at Catherine Hall, where he was B.A. in 1631, M.A. 1635, 
 and LL.D. 1645, having before this preached at Exeter. 
 He was in 1643 appointed with White one of the Assembly 
 of Divines, and when White took the rectory of Lambeth, 
 Bond succeeded him at the Savoy, and in December 11,1645, 
 was made Master of the Savoy Hospital, in the place of Dr. 
 Balcanqual. In March, 1646, the then powers made him 
 Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he served the 
 office of Vice-Chancellor in 1658. He was on the Restora- 
 tion ejected from his Mastership, and Law Professorship at 
 
 resham College. He then retired to Dorsetshire, and 
 died July, 1676. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 157 
 
 the old light.'' ^ It is founded upon Revelations, 
 ii. 3, And will remove thy candlestick out of his 
 place, except thou repent. Here, as in his Sermon 
 of Reformation, he remarks upon the folly of look- 
 ing for perfection in a church. He notices the 
 sovereignty of the Divine will in visiting some with 
 the light of the Gospel, and passing by others. " He 
 it is that vouchsafed the Gospel unto unrepenting 
 Corazin and Bethsaida, and denied it to Tyre and 
 Sidon ; bestowed it on unthankful Capernaum, and 
 withheld it from Sodom, which would have made 
 better use thereof. God alone it was that forbad 
 Paul to preach the Word in Asia ; yea, when he 
 assayed to go into Bithynia, the Spirit suffered him 
 not, but he was diverted with a vision, Come over 
 into Macedonia, and help us."* 
 
 This was not the first sermon that he had de- 
 livered under the expectation of its being the last 
 in that city. It is dedicated to the Right Worship- 
 ful Mr. Cooper, Mayor of the city of Exeter, and 
 to the other members of that antient corporation. 
 
 In his Worthies of JEngland,f Fuller has re- 
 corded the following remarkable occurrence, " When 
 the city of Exeter was besieged by the Parliament 
 Forces, so that only the south side thereof towards 
 the sea was open unto it, incredible numbers of 
 larks were found in that open quarter, for multitude 
 
 t Printed by T. H. for John Williams, at the Sign of the 
 Croivn in PauVs Churchyard, 1646, pp. 26. 
 * Acts xvi. 6, 7. 
 
 t Worthies of England, vol. ii. p. 304. Ed. Nichols. 
 
158 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 like quails in the wilderness, though (blessed be 
 God) unlike them both in cause and effect, as not 
 desired with man's destruction, nor sent with God's 
 anger, as appeared by their safe digestion into 
 wholesome nourishment. Hereof I was an eye and 
 mouth witness. I will save my credit in not con- 
 jecturing any number ; knowing, that herein though 
 I should stoop below the truth, I should mount 
 above belief. They were as fat as plentiful ; so 
 that being sold for two pence a dozen and under, 
 the poor (who could have no cheaper, as the rich 
 no better meat) used to make pottage of them, 
 boiling them down therein. Several natural causes 
 were assigned hereof: 1. That these fowl, frighted 
 with much shooting on the land, retreated to the 
 sea-side for their refuge ; 2. That it is familiar 
 with them in cold winters (as that was) to shelter 
 themselves in the most southern parts ; 3. That 
 some sorts of seed were lately sown in those parts, 
 which invited them thither for their own repast. 
 However, the cause of causes was Divine Provi- 
 dence, thereby providing a feast for many poor peo- 
 ple who otherwise had been pinched for provision." 
 
 His anonymous biographer informs us that Fuller 
 went forthwith from Exeter to London. If so, he 
 did not continue there very long, for in January, 
 1647, we find him weak in health and dejected in 
 spirits, at Boughton near Northampton. In his 
 retirement he wrote his Cause and Cure of a 
 Wounded Conscience, and dedicated it to the 
 Right Honourable and Virtuous Lady Frances 
 Manners, Countess of Rutland, sister of Edward, 
 the second Lord Montagu of Boughton, beneath 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 159 
 
 whose hospitable roof this pious treatise was com- 
 posed.* 
 
 Let those w^ho object to what some ignorantly 
 call even yet solifidianism and fatalism, as being 
 doctrines of licentiousness, mark the following- pas- 
 sage ; " Sorrow for sin exceeds sorrow for suffer- 
 ing, in the continuance and durableness thereof : 
 the other, like a landflood, quickly come, quickly 
 gone ; this is a continual dropping or running river, 
 keeping a constant stream. sms, saith David, 
 are ever before me : so also is the sorrow for sin 
 in the soul of a child of God, morning, evening, 
 day, night, when sick, when sound, feasting, fasting, 
 at home, abroad, ever within him. This grief be- 
 ginneth at his conversion ; continueth all his life ; 
 endeth only at his death." 
 
 After glancing at the Antinomian error of many 
 in those days who were utterly opposed to all marks 
 of sincerity, counting it needless for preachers to 
 propound, or people to apply them, he proposes the 
 the following test : " Art thou careful to order thy 
 very thoughts, because the infinite Searcher of the 
 hearts doth behold them ? Dost thou freely and 
 fully confess thy sins to God, spreading them open 
 in his presence without any desire or endeavour to 
 deny, dissemble, defend, excuse, or extenuate them ? 
 Dost thou delight in an universal obedience to all 
 God's laws, not thinking with the superstitious 
 Jews by overkeeping the fourth commandment, to 
 
 * The third book oi his Phgah-Sighi,Y nUer dedicaied to 
 John Lord Ross, son to the Kiglit Honourable John Eail 
 of Rutland. 
 
160 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 make reparation to God for breaking all the rest ? 
 Dost thou love their persons and preaching best 
 who most clearly discover thine own faults and 
 corruptions unto thee ? Dost thou strive against 
 thy vindictive nature, not only to forgive those who 
 have offended thee, but also to wait an occasion 
 with humility to fasten a fitting favor upon them ? 
 Dost thou love grace and goodness even in those 
 who differ from thee in point of opinion in civil con- 
 troversies ? Canst thou be sorrowful for the sins of 
 others, no whit relating unto thee, merely because the 
 glory of a good God suffers by their profaneness ? 
 
 " As I will not bow to flatter any, so I will fall 
 down as far as truth will give me leave, to reach 
 comfort to the humble to whom it is due. Know 
 to thy further consolation, that where some of these 
 signs truly are, there are more, yea, all of them, 
 though not so visible and conspicuous, but in a 
 dimmer and darker degree. When we behold 
 violets and primroses fairly to flourish, we conclude 
 the dead of the winter is past, though as yet, no 
 roses or July flowers appear, which long after lie 
 hid in their leaves, or lurk in their roots; but in 
 due time will discover themselves. If some of these 
 signs be above ground in thy sight, others are 
 under ground in thy heart ; and though the former 
 started first, the other will follow in order : it being 
 plain that thou art passed from death unto life, by this 
 hopeful and happy spring of some signs in thy heart." 
 
 He urges the continuance of prayer and of read- 
 ing the Scriptures, in spite of inward deadness of 
 heart, that in the due time discomfort may be re- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 161 
 
 moved ; the sure result of a steadfast adherence to 
 the appointed aids. He commends the discreet use 
 of confession of sin to some godly minister, w ho, by 
 absolution, may pronounce and apply pardon to the 
 afflicted spirit. 
 
 But whilst the sincerity of our faith may be 
 surelv proved and known by its effects, as the life 
 of a tree by its fruits, in despair, or rather, when 
 we are strongly tempted to it, (and no, or but few 
 sincere Christians are there but will be so tempted,) 
 it is our only resource to "look upwards unto a 
 gracious God;" then " it is not thy faith but God's 
 faithfulness thou must rely upon : casting thine 
 eyes downward on thyself, to behold the great dis- 
 tance betwixt what thou deservest and what thou 
 desirest, is enough to make thee giddy, stagger, and 
 reel into despair." This true brokenheartedness 
 is that which all need, and which a thorough self- 
 knowledge would impart to all, to all who know the 
 mystery of redemption, and whose hearts are at all 
 touched by it. And how can those esteem the 
 physician who know not their own wounds? He 
 himself said, " to whom little is forgiven, the same 
 loveth little." It is not for sinners proudly to re- 
 fuse the comfort of this truth. 
 
 I cannot withhold from my reader the conclusion 
 of this excellent manual ; " ]Music is sweetest near 
 or over rivers, where the echo thereof is best re- 
 bounded by the water. Praise for pensiveness, 
 thanks for tears, and blessing God over the floods 
 of affliction, makes the most melodious music in the 
 ear of heaven." 
 
 M 
 
162 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Fuller preferred to Waltham Abbey. — His 
 Pisgah-Sight. 
 
 ETURNING from Boughton to Lon- 
 don, Fuller preached for a little 
 while at St. Clement's, East Cheap, 
 between the end of March and the 
 month of May, 1647. In the church- 
 warden's accounts, this entry occurs early in the 
 list of payments for that year : 
 
 " Paid for 4 Sermons preached by Mr. ffuUer, 
 001.0 6.0 8." 
 
 In the vestry minute-book, there is an entry 
 dated July 22, 1647, to the elfect that the tithes 
 should be kept by the churchwardens, and paid to 
 such ministers as should be appointed.* 
 
 In the account for 1648, is the following entry : 
 
 * In 1636, was paid at All Hallows, Bread Street, £l3. 
 s6. d8. for one sermon every Sunday; at St. Switbin's, 
 London Stone, 14£. ; by tbe Mercer's Company at St. Mi- 
 cbael Royal, 13£. ; at St. Mary, Aldermary, for weekly 
 sermons in winter, by gift for ever, 20£.; at St. Mary-le- 
 Bow, for a weekly sermon in winter, £26. sl3. d4. ; at St. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 163 
 
 " Paid diverse ministers for preachinge 22 Sabbath 
 
 daies, beginige the 12th of Nov. 1648 0 22. 
 
 00. 00." The names are not specified. 
 
 Fuller is said to have preached a lecture at St. 
 Clement's, East Cheap, on the Wednesday after- 
 noon, and at St. Bride's, Fleet Street, on the Thurs- 
 day afternoon, but the books of the latter parish 
 were destroyed, or lost, in the great fire of 1666. 
 Probably Fuller was permitted to preach again in 
 these churches, about, or after 1652, as also at the 
 Mercer's chapel, for he commemorates that com- 
 pany amongst his benefactors in his Church History. 
 
 In 1648, in his dedication of his Sermon on As- 
 surance, already noticed under the period at which 
 it was first preached, Fuller, informs us, that he 
 was silenced at St. Clement's, East Cheap, by the 
 prevailing faction : " It hath been the pleasure of 
 the present authority, (to whose commands I hum- 
 bly submit) to make me mute, forbidding me, till 
 further order, the exercise of my public preaching ; 
 wherefore I am fain to employ my fingers in wri- 
 ting, to make the best signs I can, thereby to ex- 
 press, as my desire to the general good, so my 
 particular gratitude to your honour;" (Sir John 
 Danvers, who, in 1649, signed his hand to the 
 death-warrant of his sovereign.) 
 
 Dunstan's in the West, for 12 sermons, £5. s6. d8. ; at St. 
 Michael's, Cornhill, for 9 sermons yearly, £4. s 10. ; at St. 
 Andrew, Hubbard's, for 3 sermons, 3 £.; at St. Bride's, 
 Fleet Street, 3 sermons, each ten shillings; at St. Peter's, 
 Cornhill, for 2 sermons, one pound. Kewcourt's Reperto- 
 rium, vol. i. 
 
164 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 To the old church of St. Clement's, East Cheap, 
 Fuller's very dear and faithful friend, Baldwin 
 Harney, M. D. was a great benefactor. He was 
 the son of Baldwin Harney, alias De Hame, M. D. 
 of Bruges, in Flanders, and of Sarah, his wife, 
 daughter and heir of Peter Oeyles, of Antwerp, 
 merchant. He studied at the University of Leyden, 
 and on February 4, 1629, was incorporated of the 
 University of Oxford. In 1630, he was admitted 
 candidate of the college of Physicians, London; and 
 was afterward fellow, censor, anatomy reader, 
 elector, registrar, and consiliarius, but never presi- 
 dent of the same college. He was in great estima- 
 tion as a physician, and surviving Dr. Fuller, died 
 May 14, 1676, aged 76 years, and was buried in 
 the nave of the old church, Chelsea.* At Chelsea 
 
 * Newcourt records, that St. Clement's, East Cheap, 
 was repaired and beautified in 1632, at the cost and charge 
 of the parishioners, " and," he adds " if my memory fails 
 not, it was again repaired about the year 1657, or 1658, and 
 the roof of the church (formerly of tile) covered witli lead, 
 at the cost of Dr. Aimy [Harney] an eminent pliysician." 
 Newcflin'fs Repertorium, vol. i. p. 326, ed. London, 1708. 
 
 The rector of St. Clement's, Benjamin Stone, A.M. Fel- 
 low of Corpus Christ! College, Cambridge, was Rector of 
 St. Mary Abchurch, 1613, and in 1638, Prebendary of Re- 
 culverland, in the church of St. Paul's, liaving been ])referred 
 also by Laud to St. Clement's, East Cheap, in 1637. Me 
 was deprived of all, but restored in 1660. He died before 
 March. 1665. 
 
 In 1662, succeeded atSt. Clement's, Samuel Bolton, a pious 
 son of a pious father, Robert Bolton, whose life is excellently 
 aiven in the Abel Redivivus. He was himself a native of 
 Broughton, in Northamptonshire. He died in 1668. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 165 
 
 was also the residence of Sir John Danvers, our 
 author's benefactor, of whom saith John Bates in 
 his Lives of the Regicides, " though he Hved some 
 years in his disloyalty without repentance, ' yet 
 drawing near the time of his death,' I have cause 
 to believe that he repented of the wickedness of his 
 life; for that, then Mr., now Dr. Thomas Fuller, 
 was conversant in his family, and preached several 
 times at Sir John Danvers, his desire, in Chelsea 
 Church ; where, I am sure, all that frequented that 
 congregation, will say, he was instructed to re- 
 pent of his misguided and wicked consultations, in 
 having to do with the murder of that just man, the 
 King." 
 
 Thus, in 1649, Fuller preached a funeral sermon 
 in Chelsea church, entitled The Just Mans Fu- 
 neral, of which there can be little doubt that it 
 was designed in honour of the King himself. The 
 object of it was previously understood amongst his 
 friends ; so it was dehvered " before several persons 
 of Honour and Worship." This sermon is " a vin- 
 dication of the Divine Providence in the misfor- 
 tunes and deaths of the righteous."* Very cha- 
 racteristic of him is the beginning : " The world is 
 a volume of God's works, which all good people 
 ought studiously to peruse. Three sorts of men 
 are to blame herein : first, such as observe nothing 
 at all; seeing, but neither marking nor minding 
 the daily accidents that happen; with Gallio, the 
 secure deputy of Achaia, Thei/ care for none of 
 
 From Eccles. vii. 14. 
 
166 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 these things. Secondly, such as observe nothing 
 observable. These may be said to weed the world. 
 If any passage happeneth which deserveth to be 
 forgotten, their memories (only attracting straws 
 and chaff unto them) registereth and retaineth 
 them ; fond fashions and foolish speeches is all that 
 they charge on their account, and only empty ci- 
 phers swell the note-books of their discoveries. 
 Lastly, such who make good observations, but no 
 applications. With Mavy^ they do not ponder 
 things in their heart, but only brew them in their 
 heads, and presently breathe them out of their 
 mouth, having only a rational understanding thereof 
 (which renders them acceptable in company for 
 their discourse) but never suffering them to sink 
 into their souls, or make any effectual impression 
 on their lives." 
 
 In this sermon, he touches upon the various 
 senses of the term righteous, as applied to men in 
 this life, intentionally, desiring and endeavouring 
 after righteousness with all their might ; compara- 
 tively, in reference to wicked men ; imputatively, 
 having the righteousness of God in Christ imputed 
 unto them ; inhesively, having many heavenly 
 graces and holy endowments, sincere though not 
 perfect. He observes, that good men, of all others, 
 are most envied and maligned, having the fiercest 
 adversaries to oppose them. With the most in the 
 world, it is quarrel enough to hate a good man, 
 because he is a good man. Righteous men as they 
 have more enemies, so they are themselves less 
 wary than other men, as being less suspicious, 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 167 
 
 whilst wicked men, partly out of policy, more out of 
 guiltiness, sleep like Hercules with their club in their 
 hand, stand always on their guard, and are jealous 
 of their very shadows. And again, the righteous 
 are given unwisely indeed, to hope that their very 
 innocency will suffice without other means, for their 
 protection. Lastly, the righteous man is restricted 
 in his use of means, preferring to die many times 
 rather than to save himself once by unwarrantable 
 ways. The wicked make religion itself a cloak 
 and a weapon, " No better cordial for a dying 
 cause,"' says Fuller, " than to overshadow it with 
 the pretence that it is God's cause." And " this 
 will in a manner legitimate the basest ends." " The 
 priests of Bel were but bunglers, which could not 
 steal the meat of their idol, but they must be dis- 
 covered by the print of their footsteps. Men are 
 grown more cunning thieves now-a-days ; first, 
 they will put on the shoes of him they intend to 
 rob, and then steal, that so their treadings may tell 
 no tales to their disadvantage. They will not 
 stride a pace, nor go a step, nor stir a foot, but all 
 for God's cause, all for the good and glory of God." 
 There can be no mistake respecting the people here 
 pointed at. Every one is aware who those were 
 that always had religion in their mouths ; the men 
 who could act any part that policy pointed out, the 
 men who brought the King to the scaffold. 
 
 This instance of Fuller's integrity is the more 
 observable since he, not long before, was beneath 
 the roof of Sir John Danvers, in whose private 
 chapel he preached his " Sermon of Contentment," 
 
168 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 a sermon unusually quaint, and divided in the form 
 
 of a parable.* 
 
 About this time, James Hay Earl of Carlisle, 
 Viscount Doncaster, Baron of Sawley and Wal- 
 tham, procured for Fuller the perpetual curacy of 
 Waltham Abbey. This noble person was grand- 
 son to Sir Edward Denny (created by King James, 
 Baron of Waltham, and by King Charles, Earl of 
 Norwich), by his daughter Honora. He married 
 Margaret, daughter of Francis Earl of Bedford, but 
 died without issue, before Fuller, in 1660. His 
 widow was afterwards married to the Earl of Man- 
 chester, and on his decease, to Robert Rich Earl 
 of Warwick and Holland. To Francis Lord Rus- 
 sell, son to the Right Honourable William Earl of 
 Bedford,f Fuller dedicates the fourth book of his 
 Pisgah Sight ; " Far be it from your Honour to 
 be listed among those noble men, of whom it may- 
 be said in a bad sense, that they are very highly 
 descended, as being come down many degrees from 
 the worth and virtues of their noble progenitors." 
 
 Fuller fails not, on a fitting occasion, in his 
 Chu7'ch History, to do honour to the virtues of 
 that tried and admirable person Anne Countess of 
 Bedford, " as chaste and virtuous a lady as any of 
 the English nation," the daughter indeed of an un- 
 happy parent, happy had her name been handed 
 
 * The text is 1 Tim. vi. 6. Publislied iu 1648. 
 
 t First Duke of Bedford, (fatlier of Lord William Rus- 
 sell, who was beheaded July 21st, 1683;) died September 
 7th, 1700. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 169 
 
 down to us only as the mother of such a daughter.* 
 The perpetual curacy of Waltham-f- had been 
 well endowed by the Earl of Norwich, being raised 
 by him from eight to one hundred pounds, but the 
 church is not proportionably endowed at this time. 
 Here Fuller is said to have been once called before 
 the Triers who examined and dispossessed such 
 ministers as they judged upon any ground unfit. 
 They desired some proof of our author's extraordi- 
 nary memory, upon which he promised them, if 
 they would restore a certain poor sequestered mi- 
 nister, never to forget that kindness as long as he 
 lived.:}: 
 
 Here he enjoyed the friendship of Lionel Cran- 
 field, second son of Lionel the displaced and un- 
 justly persecuted Lord Treasurer of James L This 
 kind friend of Fuller resided at Copt Hall, long 
 since pulled down, but in his time a noble mansion, 
 
 * See Fullers Church Hint. b. 10. §28. p. 68. 
 
 t Of the Powder Mills in tliis parish, Fuller observes in 
 his Worthies, ( Essex, vol. i. p. 338.) " It is questionable 
 whether the making of gunpowder be more profitable or 
 more dangerous; the mills in my parish having been Jive 
 times blown up within seven years, bat, blessed be God i 
 without the loss of any one man's life." 
 
 $ Fuller, in liis notice of Bishop Hall, first beneficed in 
 Suffolk by Sir Robert Drury, and thence removed by Ed- 
 ward Lord Denny (afterward Earl of Norwich) to VVal- 
 tham Abbey, observes, " Here I must pay the tribute of my 
 gratitude to his memory, as building upon his foundation, 
 beholding myself as his great-grandchild in that place, 
 three degrees from him in succession; but, oh ! how many 
 from him in ability ! His little Catechism hath done great 
 
170 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 the chapel of which was adorned with the richly 
 painted glass that is now in the chancel windows of 
 St. Margaret's, Westminster. Lionel Earl of Mid- 
 dlesex and Baron Cranfield of Cranfield in the 
 county of Bedford, was one of the gentlemen of his 
 Majesty's (Charles II.) bedchamber, and died on 
 October 26th, 1674. 
 
 Here also he enjoyed the friendship of Sir 
 Henry Wroth of Durance (near Ponder's End) or 
 Durands. This seat had been in possession of that 
 family from the reign of Henry IV. by the mar- 
 riage of John Wroth to Matilda sole daughter of 
 Thomas Durand. Sir Henry's great-grandfather 
 was much esteemed by Edward VI. who died in 
 his arms. He fled in the next reign to Germany, 
 but returned and was restored to his possessions 
 when the terrors of Romanism were at an end.* 
 
 good in that populous parish ; and I could wish that ordi- 
 nance more generally used all over England." Worthies, 
 vol. i. p. 566. 
 
 In Dr. Edmund Calamy's Memoirs of the celebrated John 
 Howe, our author is said to have aj)plied to Howe for ad- 
 vice with respect to his own ordeal, and saith Calamy, 
 " Howe freely gave him his advice and he promised to fol- 
 low it ; and when he appeared before tliem and they proposed 
 to him the usual question, whether lie had ever had any ex- 
 perience of a work of grace upon his heart, he gave this in 
 for answer, that he could appeal to the searcher of hearts 
 that he made conscience of his very thoughts; with which 
 answer they were satisfied, as indeed they well might." P. 
 -21. London, 1724. 
 
 * This family was also situated at Blenden Hall, Kent. 
 To Sir Henry, Fuller dedicates the third section of the 8th 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 171 
 
 " It vras observable," relates Fuller, " that the fa- 
 mily of this man who went away for his conscience, 
 was the only family in Middlesex, out of all those 
 mentioned by Morden, which was not extinct in 
 his time." Sir Henry was the second son of Sir 
 Robert Wroth, first Lord Rich, by Mary the 
 eldest daug-hter of Robert Sidney, Earl of Leices- 
 ter, and niece to Sir Philip Sidney. He was 
 knighted by King Charles at Hereford, September 
 16th, 1645, and died aged 66, in 1671. 
 
 The most intimate and truly fraternal perhaps of 
 all Fuller's acquaintance, was Matthew Gilly, esq. 
 of Waltham f To him he thus dedicates the se- 
 
 hook of his Ch. Hist. He married Anne, daugliter of Wil- 
 liam Lord Maynard. Hence is descended the family of 
 "William Henry the late Earl of Rochford and Baron En- 
 field. The manor-house stood about half a mile east of the 
 road between Ponder's End and Green-street ; it was a 
 goodly quadrangle, with a chapel, according to the piety of 
 better times. The barns and some remains of the offices 
 vet remain. See Robinsoti's Hint, of Enfield, vol. ii.' 
 
 Probably whilst at Waltham Fuller became acquainted 
 with the family of Sir John Bramston, Lord Chief Justice 
 of the King's Bench in the reign of Charles L, to whose in- 
 tegrity our author has done ample justice in his Worthies, 
 Essex, vol. i. p. 349. His account of Dr. William Gilbert, 
 physician to Queen Elizabeth and a native of Colchester, 
 he received from his near kinsman Mr. William Gilbert of 
 Brental Ely, (1) Suflblk. (Ibid. p. S52.) 
 
 t Matthew Gilly, esq. was probably connected either bj 
 friendsliip or relationship or both with the pious Dr. Thos. 
 Westfield, Bishop of Bristol, from whose sole surviving 
 daughter he obtained certain particulars relating to that 
 Bishop, which Fuller inserted in his Worihies, vol. i. p. 160, 
 
172 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 cond section of the tenth book of his Church His- 
 tory ; " Solomon saith, And there is a friend that 
 is nearer than a brother. f Now though I have 
 read many writers on the text, your practice is the 
 best comment which hath most truly expounded it 
 unto me. Accept this therefore as the return of 
 the thanks of your respectful friend." 
 
 His friend Edward Palmer, esq. was admitted 
 scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, April 20th, 
 1610, and fellow, April 4th, 1617. On the death 
 of Andrew Downes in 1625, he was a candidate 
 for the Greek Professorship, as were also Abraham 
 Wheelock, Fellow of "Clare Hall, who in 1632 was 
 appointed the first Arabic Professor on the found- 
 ation of Sir Thomas Adams; Ralph Winterton of 
 King's College, Regius Professor of Medicine,§ 
 
 ed. Nichols. He was possessed of a manor in Little Oakley, 
 near Harwich, in which manor was the Pewit island, ahout 
 two hundred acres in extent, so called from the pewits, the 
 sole inhabitants thereof. See our author's observations on 
 these birds in his Worthies, Essex, vol. i. p. 337. 
 t Prov. xviii. 24. 
 
 i The manor house of Giles Waltham, about half a mile 
 south of Chambers, was, in 1621, possessed by 'I homas 
 Palmer, esq., third son of Henry of Dewshall in Lambourne. 
 The former was of St. John's College, Cambridge, and an 
 Utter Barrister of Lincoln's Inn. He married Joan daughter 
 of John Hoyben of Canterbury, merchant, and died in this 
 house, without issue. May 28, 1621. Moraines Essex. 
 
 § See Chalmers' Biographia Britannica. Of the family of 
 this Palmer was William Palmer of VV inthrop, Lincolnshire, 
 captain of a troop in the regiment of the Duke of Mon- 
 mouth. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 173 
 
 Robert Creighton of Trinity College, the successful 
 candidate, who had acted as deputy to the late Pro- 
 fessor, and James White, M. A. of Sydney Col- 
 lege. Sir William Cooke of Gidea Hall near 
 Romford, assisted our author in the first of his 
 literary labours at Waltham, his Pisgah Sight.f 
 
 At Cheshunt he enjoyed the friendship of Sir 
 Thomas Dacres,J and of William Robinson, esq. 
 of the Inner Temple.§ Samuel Robinson," says 
 Salmon in his ' History of Hertfordshire,' " hath 
 in his house at Cheshunt an antient head-piece in 
 shape of a cap, which one of his ancestors, fighting 
 under Henry Lord Percy, surnamed Hotspur, 
 against the Scots under Douglas at Hamildon in 
 Northumberland, 1402, in the third year of Henry 
 IV., brought thence. He took it on the head of 
 
 t He was descended from Sir Thomas, who suffered great 
 injustice from Henry VII., who removed from office the up- 
 right Chief Justice Sir John Markham, because he would 
 not, contrary to his conscience, declare Sir Thomas guilty 
 of high treason. 
 
 X Sir Thomas Dacres was sheriff of Hertfordshire 1615, 
 knighted at Theobalds, Feb. 22, 1616, and married IMartha 
 daughter of Thomas Elmes, esq. of Lilford, near Aldwincle, 
 Northamptonshire. Sir Thomas died in 1668. See the 
 pedigree of this family in Cheshunt, Clutterbuck's Hertford- 
 shire. 
 
 § William Robinson, esq. was twice married, and died 
 April 21, 1686, aged 70 years, and was buried in Cheshunt 
 Church. In this church is also buried Dame Jane Micoe, 
 relict of Sir Samuel ; a family also known to Dr. Fuller, who 
 dedicates to Samuel Mico, Alderman of Loudon the sixth 
 section of the 10th book of his Ch, Hist. 
 
174 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Murdac Earl of Fife, the Scotch General's son his 
 prisoner, who lost an eye in the action, and Henry 
 IV. gave it him for his arms." 
 
 Fuller had not been long settled at Waltham be- 
 fore he published one of his less known but most 
 valuable and best digested works, his Histoy^y of 
 the Holy Land, both geographical and historical, 
 entitled " A Pisgah Sight of Palestine and the 
 Confines thereof with the History of the Old and 
 New Testament acted thereon." This work he 
 dedicated to Esme Stuart,* the son and heir of 
 that ornament of the Stuart family, and his dear 
 friend James Duke of Richmond and Lenox. This 
 undertaking which, with the maps and plates, 
 must have been a very costly one. Fuller was ena- 
 bled to complete by the munificence of his friends ; 
 some of them have been already mentioned. Be- 
 sides these were Thomas Fisher, bart.f whose widow 
 was afterwards married to William, second son of 
 Lord Maynard. To this person Fuller dedicated 
 also a section of his Church History in the Reign 
 of Charles I. : Edward Trussel of London ; \ Wil- 
 liam Buncombe, gent. ; § Roger North ; || Anthony 
 
 * He died in France a minor aged 11 years, August 14, 
 1661. There he was attended by Dr. James Fleetwood, 
 afterward Bishop of Worcester, 1675. 
 
 t He was the son of Sir Thomas the first baronet of that 
 name, 1627, of St. Giles', Middlesex. The friend of Fuller 
 married Jane, daughter of Sir John Prescot, knight, of 
 Hoxne in Suffolk and died in 1670. 
 
 And perhaps of Billesley, Warwickshire. 
 
 § Probably a son of John Duncombe, esq. of Much Brick- 
 hill Manor, Bucks., who in 1583 married Cecily, daughter 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 175 
 
 Thorold, second son of Sir William Thorold ; the 
 munificent and pious Sir Paul Pindar of Idenshaw 
 in Cheshire ; * Richard Pigot of London ; Sir Ro- 
 bert Cordel ; Roger Vyvyan allied to the Cornish 
 family of that name ; Mr. Thomas Leigh ; Fuller's 
 friend and kinsman WiUiam Parker, f of a family 
 from Devonshire ; William Crane, esq- heir to Sir 
 Francis Crane ; J William Honeywood of the an- 
 tient family of that name, of Evington near Canter- 
 bury ; Francis St. John, esq., eldest son of Oliver 
 St. John, esq. of Longthorpe, Northamptonshire, § 
 and Stephen Bolton of London. 
 
 Nor was this work unworthy of the patronage by 
 which it was heralded into the world. Its author 
 had in his hands and used among other aids, Je- 
 rome, Adrichomius, Villalpandus, Bochart, Brei- 
 denbachius of Mentz, Brochardus, (who travelled 
 in the Holy Land in 1283), Sandys, Morison, Bid- 
 dulph, and Bunting's Travels of the Pcitriarchs. 
 
 of Edmund Conquest, esq. of Houghton Conquest, Bedford- 
 shire. The estates of this family have descended to the pre- 
 sent Lord Feversham, for -whom the author will (as in duty 
 bound) ever cordially desire the long and happy enjoyment 
 of them. 
 
 II Of this family was Sir Francis North, Lord Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Court of Common Pleas. 
 * He died in 1705. 
 
 t Of this family was Sir Hugh Parker, the first baronet of 
 that name. 
 
 X Allied to the Colletons of London and Devonshire. VV. 
 Crane was of Loughton, Bucks. 
 
 § He was of Emmanuel Coll. Cambridge, and of Lincoln's 
 Tun, and represented Peterborough in several parliaments. 
 
176 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Fuller, and according to him, the majority of the 
 learned in his day were against the opinion that 
 the Jews would again be put in possession of their 
 antient territory. The negative of this opinion he 
 grounds upon the ninth chapter of Amos as inter- 
 preted in the fifteenth chapter of the Acts. The 
 opinion of the general conversion of the Jews he 
 shews to be conformable to scripture and to have 
 been maintained in the four first centuries. 
 
 He proceeds to treat of the hindrances that op- 
 posed their conversion. The first he notices is 
 " our want of civil society with their nation. There 
 must be first conversing with them before there 
 can be converting of them. The gospel doth not 
 work (as the weapon salve) at distance, but requires 
 some competent familiarity with the persons of pro- 
 bationer-converts. Whereas the Jews being ba- 
 nished out of England, France, and Spain, are out 
 of the call of the gospel, and ken of the Sacraments 
 in those countries." This is no plea for the insane 
 liberality of those who plead for what they miscall 
 the emancipation of the Jews. But it was a de- 
 gree of genuine liberality beyond the age in which 
 Fuller wrote. The Jews were still under the ban 
 of those laws which forbad their setting foot upon 
 our shores ; and this state of utter outlawry they 
 could not escape even by an appeal to Cromwell, 
 who long deliberated on this point, but would not, 
 or at least, did not commit himself to a measure in 
 his time so unpopular as the mere toleration of the 
 Jews. 
 
 He notices also the scandal of image worship in 
 the Church of Rome ; " and to speak out the plain 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D. D. 177 
 
 truth, the Romanists are but back-friends to the 
 Jews' conversion, chiefly on this account, because 
 the Rabbins generally interpret Dumah (especially 
 on the burden of Dumah, Isa. xxi. 11.) or Edomto 
 be Rome, and Edomites Romans, in their exposi- 
 tions on the Old Testament. And therefore all 
 those passages have (by order no doubt from their 
 superiors) been lately purged out and expunged the 
 Venetian edition of the Rabbins. * Yea, there is 
 a constant tradition, current time out of mind, that 
 after the destruction of the city of Rome, their na- 
 tion shall be put into a glorious condition. No 
 wonder then, if cold and dull the endeavours of the 
 Romanists for the conversion of the Jews, who 
 leave that task to be performed by ]\Ioses and 
 Elias, whom the papists fondly fancy, shall toward 
 the end of the world, personally appear, and by 
 their powerful preaching, persuade the Jewish na- 
 tion unto the Christian religion." 
 
 He then complains of the cruel dissensions of his 
 own age ; men of the same faith shedding one ano- 
 ther's blood, and exhorts to prayer for the conver- 
 sion of God's autient Israel, observing that when 
 he shall put to his hand, all impediments shall in- 
 stantly be removed, as in the days of Hezekiah, 
 that king quickly effected it, because " God had 
 prepared the people, and the thing was done sud- 
 denly, f" 
 
 He adverts to the great joy of the godly Jews at 
 the conversion of Cornehus, and the probable ex- 
 
 * Set forth by Daniel Bambergius. f 2 Chron. 29. 3d. 
 N 
 
178 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 pectation of the scriptures themselves being better 
 understood, when both Jew and Gentile shall unite 
 their labours to the illustration of them. 
 
 Upon whatsoever subject our author treated, his 
 piety was always ready to edify the heart as his 
 industry was incessant to instruct the mind of his 
 reader. Witness his admirable chapters on " TTie 
 Land of Moriah^' and on " the Mysteries of 
 Mo un t Calvary.''' 
 
 Some there are in our own age who hold no 
 kind of property sacred except their own, that is 
 private property. The property of the church they 
 tell us, is the property of the state, and the property 
 of the state is the property of the people, so that, if 
 the parliament do but alienate, there can be neither 
 wrong nor robbery. " Indeed," says Dr. Fuller, 
 " some hold that under the gospel the sin of sacri- 
 lege cannot be committed. If so, it is either be- 
 cause nothing under the gospel hath been given to 
 God's service, or, because God hath solemnly dis- 
 claimed the acceptance of any such donations ; 
 which, when, and where it was done, will be hardly 
 produced. If this their position be true, we have 
 cause, first, to rejoice in regard that God and his 
 members are now-a-days grown so rich that they 
 need not addition of human gratuities to be be- 
 stowed upon them. Secondly, we may congratu- 
 late the felicity of ours above former ages, being 
 not in a capacity of committing the sin of sacrilege, 
 to which those were subject who lived before the 
 time of our Saviour. Lastly, we may silently 
 smile to see how Satan is defeated, having quite 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D, 179 
 
 lost one of his ancient baits and old temptations ; 
 men now-a-days being- secured from this sin, and 
 put past a possibility of being guilty thereof. But 
 before we go thus far, let us first be sure we go on 
 a good ground ; otherwise, it is the highest sacri- 
 lege to steal away sacrilege itself, and to deny that 
 (which formerly was a grievous) to be any trans- 
 gression." * 
 
 On December 23, 1650, was buried at St. Ben- 
 net's, Paul's Wharf, Mr. Edward Xorgate, of the 
 Herald's Office. " Exemplary," records Fuller, 
 " his patience in his sickness, (whereof I was an 
 eye-witness) though a complication of diseases, 
 stone, &c. seized upon him." He was the son of 
 Dr. Robert Norgate, Master of Corpus Christi 
 College, Cambridge, where he was born. His mo- 
 ther surviving his father, was married to Dr. Felton, 
 Bishop of Ely, who permitted him to follow his in- 
 clination toward painting and heraldry. He was 
 employed in Italy upon the purchase of pictures by 
 the Earl of Arundel. He was afterward made 
 Bluemantle Pursuivant, and then Windsor He- 
 rald.f 
 
 * pp. 403, 404. 
 
 t Worthies, vol. i. p. 167, Ed. Xichols. 
 
180 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 Fuller s Abel Redivivus. 
 
 ULLER, never more at home than 
 in the department of biography, ap- 
 peared in 1651 as a contributor to 
 the Abel Redivivus. He wrote the 
 Epistle to the Reader^ and the 
 Lives of Berengarius, Hus, Jerome of Prague, 
 Cranmer, Fox, the martyrologist, Perkins, and Ju- 
 nius. As in his Chwcli History, so here, he 
 blames the too great flexibihty of Cranmer. So 
 far was his moderation from that party zeal which 
 finds an apology for every defect in the objects of 
 its idolatry. In his life of the martyrologist, John 
 Fox, he cannot overlook how our Fox w^as indeed 
 a sheep, and suffered accordingly. In his memoir 
 of Perkins, he gives him his full measure of praise, 
 commending his critical skill and learning in the 
 Fathers, as also his judicious handling of cases of 
 conscience, and the practical nature of his public 
 discourses, made up as well of instruction as of 
 exhortation. Perkins, in his Problems, anticipated 
 Birkbeck in his Protestant Evidence, as both in- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 181 
 
 deed had been anticipated by Flacius lUyricus ; all 
 shewing with Jewel and others, how the Fathers 
 themselves make against the church of Rome. 
 Bacon had observed of Luther, that finding the 
 living marshalled against him, he raised upon his own 
 side a party from the dead, meaning the Fathers. 
 
 The learned Gataker furnished the stationer 
 with Lives of Peter Martyr, Bale, Whitgift, Rid- 
 ley, Whitaker, and Archbishop Parker. The col- 
 lection included also Isaacson's Life of the gretit 
 Bishop Andreices, with an excellent portrait of 
 him. Isaacson, Fuller calls in his Epistle to the 
 Reader, his judicious, industrious, and worthy 
 friend. The Life of Archbishop Whitgift is written 
 concisely, and with great commendations of this 
 prelate by Gataker, himself a monument of learning, 
 and no friend to faction of any kind. The Life of 
 Dr. Andrew Willet, chaplain to Prince Henry, and 
 Rector of Barley, is abridged from the larger life 
 of him written by Dr. Smith, his son-in-law, and 
 prefixed to the fifth edition of his Synojjsis Pa- 
 pishii. The Life of Archbishop Parker, in p. 328, 
 with the memoirs of Dering, Grindal, Humphreys, 
 Holland, Bishop Babington, and Alexander Nowell, 
 is taken from Holland's Heroologia. The foreign 
 Reformers are copied from INlelchior Adams« The 
 Lives of Jewell, Abbot Bishop of Salisbury, and 
 Dr. Rainolds, the great controversialist, and Pre- 
 sident of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, are from 
 the pen of Dr. Daniel Featly, before mentioned. 
 
 In this same year were printed, with a suffi- 
 ciently quaint title, some sermons by Fuller's de- 
 
182 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 ceased friend, Dr. Holdsworth. They were entitled 
 The Valley of Vision^ or a clear sight of sundry 
 sacred truths. Delivered in twenty-one sermons. 
 These discourses are not without the faults of that 
 age, but they display also the fulness of an inge- 
 nious and well stored mind. Fuller thus honours 
 his memory in the preface : " How eminent an in- 
 strument the author of this treatise was of God's 
 glory and the church's good, is unknown to none, 
 who in the least degree were acquainted with his 
 person and profitable pains. They knew him to 
 be composed of a learned head, a gracious heart, a 
 bountiful hand, and (what must not be omitted) a 
 patient back, comfortably and cheerfully to endure 
 such heavy afflictions as were laid upon him." He 
 was a native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, was educated 
 at St. John's College, Cambridge, was made Pro- 
 fessor of Divinity in Gresham College, and about, 
 or before 1630, Rector of St. Peter's le Poor, Lon- 
 don. He was one of that multitude of excellent 
 and learned divines who found a patron in Bishop 
 Williams, the patron of Meriton and of Duport; 
 of Ferne, Hacket, and Davenant, prelates whose 
 memory will be had in honour so long as posterity 
 is not ungrateful to the ornaments of former gene- 
 rations. Williams gave him the archdeaconry of 
 Huntingdon and stall of Buckden, on January 12, 
 1633. In 1637, he was appointed to the Master- 
 ship of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he 
 was also Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity. 
 In 1645, after he had been sequestered from his 
 other preferments, the King gave him the grant of 
 the Deanry of Worcester, but he was never in- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 183 
 
 stalled. He attended Charles I. at Hampton Court 
 and at the Isle of Wight, and dying-, August 22, 
 1649, was buried in the church of St. Peter le 
 Poor. 
 
 Fuller being restored to his lectureship at St. 
 Clement's, East Cheap, published in 1652, a small 
 volume of sermons upon our Lord's Temptation 
 in the Wilderness. Sermons, probably inferior to 
 few in that age of sermons, and such as to make 
 us regret that we have not more of the same kind 
 from so fertile, ingenious, and devout an author. 
 To these tw^elve discourses he prefixed tw^o dedica- 
 tions ; one to the Rt. Hon. and truly religious, the 
 Lady Isabella, Countess of Northampton ; the other, 
 to his constant auditors at St. Clement's, East 
 Cheap. 
 
 In the spring of 1653, he was on a visit to Sir 
 Robert Cook, at his seat at Durdans.* In his chapel 
 he preached a sermon entitled, Perfection and 
 Peace,'' from those words of the 37th Psalm, 
 " Mark the perfect ; behold the upright." It is 
 dedicated with the author's characteristic pleasant- 
 ness to the Rt. Hon. George Lord Berkeley, then 
 also on a visit at the same place. Here, he ob- 
 serves upon perfection, that in a fourfold respect 
 may a servant of God be pronounced perfect in this 
 life. 1 . Comparatively, in reference to wdcked men. 
 2. Intentionally; the drift, scope, and purpose of 
 such a man's life is to desire perfection, which, his 
 desires, are seconded with all the strength of his 
 weak endeavours. He draweth his bow with all 
 
 Near Epsom. 
 
184 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 his might, and perfection is the mark he aimeth at, 
 though too often his hand shakes, his bow starts 
 and his arrow misses. 3. Inchoatively ; we have 
 here the beginning and the earnest, as of the Spirit, 
 (2 Cor, i. 22,) so of all spiritual graces, expecting 
 the full (not payment, because a mere gift, but) 
 receipt of the rest hereafter. In this w^orld, we 
 are a perfecting, and in the next, we shall come to 
 the spirits of just men made perfect. 
 
 "But blame me not, beloved, if I be brief in 
 these three kinds of perfections, rather touching 
 than landing at them in my discourse; seeing I am 
 partly afraid, partly ashamed to lay too much stress 
 and weight on such slight and slender foundations. 
 I hasten with all convenient speed to the fourth, 
 which is worth all the rest. A servant of God in 
 this life is perfect, 4. Imputatively ; Christ's per- 
 fections through God's mercy being imputed to him. 
 If I be worsted in my front, and beaten in my 
 main battle, I am sure I can safely retreat to this 
 my invincible rear : in the agony of temptation we 
 may quit comparative perfection : (alas, relation 
 is rather a shadow than a substance :) quit inten- 
 tional perfection, being conscious to ourselves how 
 oft our actions cross our intentions : quit inchoative 
 perfection ; for whilst a servant of God compareth 
 the little goodness he hath with that great propor- 
 tion which by God's law he ought to have, he con- 
 ceiveth thereof as the pious Jews did of the foun- 
 dation of the second temple, Haggai, ii. 3, Is it 
 not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing 9 
 But stick we may and must to imputative perfec- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 185 
 
 tion, which indeed is God's act, clothing us with 
 the righteousness of Jesus Christ." 
 
 On the 3th of November, he preached from Ge- 
 nesis, xhx. 6, " O my soul, come not thou into 
 their secret.^' Treating of meditation he observes, 
 " Had people this art of entertaining a time to dis- 
 course with themselves, it would prevent much 
 mischief. Thou mayst divide thy soul into several 
 parts, and thou mayst discourse if thou wilt, with 
 thy understanding, memory, fancy, and the several 
 affections of thy soul. 
 
 " Ask that question of thy understanding which 
 Philip asked of the Eunuch, Acts x. Under standest 
 thou what thou readest ? Call your understanding 
 to account whether you understand what you read 
 or no. 
 
 " Ask thy fancy that question which Achish 
 once propounded to King David, Where hast thou 
 been roving all this day? Bring thy fancy to 
 account. 
 
 " Ask that of thy memory which the master did 
 of the unjust steward, Luke xvi. Give an account 
 of thy stewardship : ask thy memory what good 
 thou hast treasured up ? 
 
 " When thou findest thyself transported with 
 mirth, ask thy soul that question God did to Sarah, 
 Why laughest thou ? 
 
 " When thou seest the passion of anger grow too 
 violently upon thee, ask of it that question which 
 God did of the prophet Jonah, Dost thou well to 
 he angry ? " 
 
 Towards the conclusion he says, " Many desire 
 
186 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 that this day may not be kept, but forgot, and me- 
 thinks it looks with a paler colour in the almanack 
 than it used to do ; but next year it will be a full 
 jubilee, fifty years since the contrivance thereof. 
 Let all whom God shall lend life unto that day, 
 keep in your minds the memorial of so great a 
 blessing, and preserve the memory thereof. For 
 what principles of false doctrine had infected this 
 land, had this plot taken effect! And, therefore, it 
 shall be my prayer, that God will write thankful- 
 ness in your heai'ts to a continual remembrance of 
 the same." 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 187 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 Fullers Infanfs Advocate. 
 
 N 1653, our author published his 
 " Infant's Advocate." This little 
 work he dedicated first to the Earl 
 of Carlisle, his patron, and to the 
 Rt. Hon. Lionel Cranfield, Earl of 
 ^Middlesex, and then in a second dedication to his 
 truly fraternal friend, Matthew Gilly, to his learned 
 parishioner, Edward Palmer, formerly of Trinity 
 College, and to Henry Wollaston, John Vavasor, 
 and Francis Boynton,* also of his parish of Wal- 
 tham. In the dedication he does not omit to men- 
 tion the literary celebrity of the place whence this 
 his own little w^ork was sent forth ; the introduc- 
 tion of Cranmer to Henry the Eighth; the mar- 
 tyrologist's famous Acts and Monuments, penned 
 in this place, whose posterity was possessed of a 
 considerable estate at Waltham in Fuller's time ; 
 and the pious labours of Bishop Hall, most of whose 
 books bear date from Waltham. 
 
 * From the Boyntons of Barnston, in Holderness, York- 
 shire. 
 
188 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 The first chapter is of circumcision : what it 
 was, on whom, hy whom, and when to he adminis- 
 tered: The penalty of wilful recusants therein. 
 Our author meets the objection, " If circumcision 
 was a sacrament, was there not a neglect in regard 
 of the ratification of the covenant to females ?" by 
 the reply, that " though women were not formally, 
 they were virtually circumcised in the males. What 
 is done to the head none will deny done to the body." 
 In the erudite work of Faber, on the Primitive 
 Doctrine of Regeneration, we meet with a twofold 
 answer : " Since females are incapable of circum- 
 cision, their case was specially provided for under 
 the law : and they were dedicated to God, and ad- 
 mitted into covenant with him, through the medium 
 of purification and sacrifice. See Levit. xii. 5 — 8. 
 
 " Among the Jews the principle was reasonably 
 understood to be, that in the summing up of God's 
 people, the females, as help-meets, were to be viewed 
 as sub-included with the males." This Faber sup- 
 ports by the testimony of Buxtorf Synagog, Ju- 
 daic* The objection is one of those that are ad- 
 duced by Bishop Bethell and others against the 
 correspondence of circumcision and baptism.f It 
 may not be without its use to some who may pe- 
 ruse these pages, to observe, that Bishop Bethell's 
 " General View of the Doctrine of Regeneration 
 in Baptism,'' is recommended by Dr. Pusey in his 
 " Letter to the Bishop of Oxford^' " as a very clear 
 
 * Ftifeer, B. ii. c. 3, p. 107. 
 
 t Bethell oji Regeneration in Baptism, p. 64, London. 1821. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 189 
 
 and full statement of the true doctrine as it regards 
 the connection of regeneration and baptism." * 
 
 Circumcision was administered, remarks Fuller, 
 generally by the master of the family. We see 
 that the head was the priest of the family in the 
 patriarchal age. What may be called the patris- 
 tical mystery of the eighth day, may be found in 
 the ninety-seventh page, of the third chapter of Fa- 
 ber's second hook : " For no other reason must we 
 believe, that the circumcision of children on the 
 eighth day was divinely enjoined to the ancient 
 Fathers, except to signify the regeneration that is 
 in Christ : who, after the sabbatical seventh day, 
 during which he lay in the grave, dehvered up on 
 account of our offences, on the following day, that 
 is, the eighth, rose again for our justification." f 
 
 Fuller argues against the supposition of eternal 
 wrath being the sentence of uncircumcised chil- 
 dren, inasmuch as not they, but those who caused 
 the neglect, were the breakers of the covenant. 
 
 The second chapter is entitled " Circumcision 
 considered as a seal of the Gospel covenant ; and 
 what spiritual graces were conveyed and confirmed 
 thereby." Here he shows that the Abrahamic, 
 Jewish and Christian covenant are essentially one. 
 Why then is the last called a new covenant? he 
 answers, that is often in Scripture called new which 
 is remembered, and especially, if it is also more 
 clearly unfolded. Thus {John xiii. 34.) our Lord 
 calls that a new commandment which was never- 
 
 * P. 119. t August contra Julian Pelag. lib. vi. c. 7. 
 
190 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 theless /rom the beginning, though latterly almost 
 obliterated by man's vindictiveness. Christ con- 
 secrated for us a new and living way. Heh. x. 20 : 
 Yet it is the same with the prophet's old path. Jer 
 vi. 16. 
 
 Nor was the covenant made with the Jews a 
 mere covenant of works. In the second command- 
 ment we have mention of mercy. " Now mercy is 
 a shiholeth which a covenant of works can never 
 pronounce." As for Abraham God promised to be 
 a God to him. Gen. xvii. 7. This very phrase is 
 a gospel-phrase. Parallel is the expression God 
 with lis. So St. Paul expounded it. Rom. iv. 11. 
 But if the Abrahamic was a covenant of faith, why 
 so little mention of faith in the Old Testament ? 
 The trusting in God so often set forth in the Old 
 is the same with faith in the New Testament. The 
 Jews were no more entirely without spiritual than 
 the Christian without temporal promises. 1 Titn. 
 iv. 8. 
 
 The third chapter treats of the " several accep- 
 tations of the seed of Abraham in Scripture." In 
 these are included the proselytes, aliens by extrac- 
 tion, Jews by profession. The first of these were 
 Abraham's own household not his children. Then 
 the mixed multitude that went up with the Israel- 
 ites out of Egypt. Ejcod. xii. 38. and afterward the 
 Gibeonites. Josh. ix. 27. also Rahab the Hittite, 
 Ruth the Moabitess, Naaman the Syrian and others. 
 
 The fourth chapter proves that " all visible mem- 
 bers of the Jewish Church had a federal right to 
 the sacraments." See Joh. viii. 37. Rom. ix. 4. 
 and also 1 Cor. x. 2-4. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 191 
 
 111 the fifth chapter the objection of the incapa- 
 city of infants to covenant is considered. This 
 chapter is not without some subtilties more deep than 
 profitable. But our author well supports the accep- 
 tableness of the faith of parents in bringing their 
 children to this sacrament, from the history of the 
 poor man who was let down by cords into the place 
 where our Saviour was ; of whom it is recorded that 
 their faith was regarded by our Lord. Matth. ix. 2, 
 and so in Sts. Mark and Luke, 
 
 The sixth chapter is entitled " Circumcision con- 
 sidered as a sign, and what mysteries were signified 
 therein:" in one word, the circumcision of the 
 heart. The seventh proves that Baptism succeeds 
 to all the essentials of circumcision. So Coloss. ii. 
 11, 12. 
 
 The eighth treats of " w^hat it is to reason out o f 
 the Scriptures ; and what credit is due to deduc- 
 tions from God's Word." Here he argues w^ell from 
 our Lord's apparently far-fetched proof of the re- 
 surrection. Matth. xxii. 31, 32. 
 
 The ninth gives " the first reason for the bap- 
 tizing of infants, taken from the analogy of circum- 
 cision." I know not how the semblance of an ob- 
 jection can be alleged against this. Little less 
 forcible is the second reason given in the tenth 
 chapter, and drawn from the birth-hohness of Chris- 
 tian infants. 1 Cor. vii. J 4. 
 
 The eleventh chapter contains " the third reason, 
 taken from the Holy Spirit, which is given to little 
 Infants." For the possibility of this was alleged Jer. 
 i. 5. and Luke i. 41. 
 
192 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 The twelfth adduces " the fourth reason drawn 
 from some degrees oi faith, conferred on Httle in- 
 fants." This is sought to be proved by Heh. xi. 6. 
 Our author would have done better had he con- 
 fined himself to St. Mark x. 14. of which he treats 
 in the latter half of this chapter. 
 
 The fifth reason is drawn " from the malady of 
 original corruption." For this purpose is adduced 
 Rom. vi. 3 and 6. 
 
 The sixth reason is drawn from the constant 
 practice of Christian Churches in all ages ; and 
 this, which forms the fourteenth chapter, contains 
 a brief dissertation on the credit due to primitive 
 customs. Fuller argues that the promise " Lo I 
 am with you always unto the end of the world" is 
 to be understood of the Church collectively as an 
 immortal corporation, that the Church shall not be 
 suffered to be universally infected in all ages with 
 any one dangerous error. Our author not unsea- 
 sonably enlarges upon 1 Cor. xi. 16. 
 
 He next proceeds to prove the antiquity and 
 generality of infant baptism by the confession of 
 Pelagius : his tacit confession who doubtless would 
 have denied its antiquity if he could, and who had 
 abundant means and opportunities of information. 
 
 In the sixteenth chapter our author answers " the 
 grand objection drawn from the silence of Scripture 
 herein." He begins by reminding the objectors 
 that a curse is denounced upon such as take away 
 from, as well as, upon those who add to the Scrip- 
 tures. He then treats of the Divine appointment 
 of synagogues. Our Lord and his apostles repaired 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D, 193 
 
 to them. Yet where is the building of them ex- 
 pressly ew/'omec? in Scripture? It is indeed implied 
 in the due observance of the Sabbath, and to have 
 neglected to worship in them would have been im- 
 piety. 
 
 The jailor was baptized, he and all his. But in 
 this expression all his, compared with Job i. 12. 
 children are included. 
 
 The seventeenth chapter answers the objection 
 drawn from the inability of infants to repent and 
 believe. After some speculations more curious 
 than edifying, he retreats back to the impregnable 
 position that this cannot be a bar to their cove- 
 nanting in baptism, any more than it was to the 
 Jewish children in circumcision. 
 
 Other objections are answered in the following 
 chapter. He prefers our version, " Go cmd teacK' 
 to " Go and disciple all nations." 
 
 The nineteenth chapter is thus entitled, " WTiether 
 the children of profane parents, bastards, exposed 
 children and the captive infants of Pagans are to 
 be baptized — a learned and ingenious chapter. 
 
 The last notices the modern origin of Anabap- 
 tism, which he derives from Balthasar Pacimonta- 
 nus in 1527, and next, from the Socinians in 1567. 
 
 Then follows one of his best discourses, from 
 Phil. iii. 15. " How we ought to behave ourselves 
 to those of a different judgment herein, in order to 
 reclaim them." It was preached on Feb. 6, 1652, 
 at Mercer's Chapel, to which company he was pro- 
 bably Lecturer, as he places them amongst his 
 benefactors in his Church History. 
 
 o 
 
194 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 As in this age of the sifting of the church, most 
 of the controversies of Fuller's times have been 
 revived, so, amongst other topics, baptism now 
 takes a conspicuous place. 
 
 Our Saviour declared the necessity of a new and 
 spiritual birth, in order to our entering into the 
 kingdom of God. Now as the visible kingdom the 
 church is designed to be a school of disciphne and 
 instruction for their benefit and advancement in 
 holiness who shall be partakers of the heavenly 
 and eternal kingdom, so such a preparation as the 
 new birth may be at first sight expected to take 
 into itself a spiritual change, and not a mere change 
 of profession. But our Lord's words put this be- 
 yond all doubt, " That which is born of the flesh is 
 flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit." 
 So regeneration is called in our Liturgy, "spiritual 
 regeneration." Baptism, setting forth regeneration, 
 represents a death unto sin and a new life unto 
 righteousness, and the receiving that, which by na- 
 ture we cannot have — a divine power to live holily 
 unto God. Not only in the third chapter of the 
 gospel according to St. John, but in the Jii^st, re- 
 generation is treated of. " He came unto his own, 
 and his own received him not. But as many as 
 received him, to them gave he power to become 
 the sons of God, even to them that believe on his 
 name : which were born, not of blood, nor of the 
 will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God." 
 St. John i. 11-13. And so St. James (i. 18.) 
 " Of his own will begat He us with the word of 
 truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 195 
 
 creatures." So St. Peter, (i. 1. 23.) " Being born 
 again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, 
 by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for 
 ever." 
 
 The third chapter of St. John's gospel, inter- 
 preted by these passages, leaves it beyond dispute 
 that regeneration, however and in whatever sense 
 connected wuth baptism, is a moral and spiritual 
 change, the receiving a new principle, the seed of 
 a divine life, a change of the affections, a secret 
 influence working upon the heart, and preparing it 
 for 'the blessed inheritance of the children of God. 
 By regeneration we become children of God ; being 
 born of His Spirit. 
 
 Our blessed Saviour having appointed baptism as 
 the way of admission into his visible church, and 
 many thousands of adults coming to holy baptism, it 
 was natural to call baptism itself regeneration, and to 
 speak of it as such in an ecclesiastical, as we have 
 seen that a spiritual and internal change is regene- 
 ration in a theological sense. 
 
 Moreover, the church then acknowledged a con- 
 vert to be a child of God, w hen he was baptized ; 
 not but that it supposed faith to exist in that per- 
 son previously, but then did it see the obedience of 
 faith when the convert by baptism took on him the 
 Christian name. 
 
 What then if the Fathers may sometimes appear 
 to attribute more to baptism than to faith, and to 
 the water than to the Holy Ghost ; if they call him 
 unregenerate who is unbaptized ; w^e should not 
 surely prefer any conclusions deduced from their 
 
196 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 language to the express assertions of the scriptures, 
 which teach us that by faith in the word of God, 
 and that faith produced by the Holy Ghost, we are 
 made his children. Nay, in the case of unbaptized 
 martyrs, the ancients themselves were fain to lose 
 sight of that strictness of connection between re- 
 generation and baptism, for which some amongst 
 the moderns are indiscreetly zealous ; and to ex- 
 cuse themselves by the poetical conception of the 
 baptism of blood. It was, however, common to 
 the Fathers to attribute to the sign the things re- 
 presented or signified by it. Thus Lactantius in 
 the twenty-sixth chapter of the third book of his 
 Institutes. His own words at the commencement 
 modify his words at the conclusion of this passage. 
 " Give me a man who is passionate, abusive, un- 
 bridled: with a few words of God, I will make 
 him as mild as a lamb. Give me one who is ex- 
 acting, avaricious, tenacious : I will return him to 
 you liberal, and with full hands a dispenser of his 
 wealth. Give me one who fears pain and death : 
 he shall presently despise the cross, and the fire, 
 and the (infuriated) bull. Give me a libertine, an 
 adulterer, a fornicator : you shall forthwith see 
 him sober, chaste, continent. Give me a man who 
 is cruel and bloodthirsty : that, his fury, shall soon 
 be changed into true clemency. Give me an un- 
 just person, a man of folly and of sin, he shall 
 forthwith become just, and wise, and innocent. 
 For in the laver alone e7ii7n htvacro'] all 
 
 his wickedness shall be abolished." * 
 
 * See Faber's Primitive Doctrine rj riege}ieraiion,Y\\). 4\,4'2. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 197 
 
 Accordingly, the doctrine of the sacraments 
 working indiscriminately, they knew not. St. Je- 
 rome, on the third chapter of the Epistle of St. 
 Paul to the Galatians, saith, " If any one has re- 
 ceived only that washing which is of the body, and 
 which is seen by the eyes of the flesh, he hath not 
 put on the Lord Jesus Christ."* So Cyril of 
 Jerusalem : " Simon Magus approached to the 
 washing: he was baptized, but he was not en- 
 lightened. His body indeed he baptized with water, 
 but his heart he enlightened not with the Spirit : 
 his body descended and ascended, but his soul was 
 not buried along with Christ, nor was it raised 
 again with him." f Similar is the language of 
 Jerome, Ambrose, and Augustine, t The latter 
 says, " All may be baptized : but the children of 
 God are known from the children of the devil only 
 by charity. Those who have charity have been 
 born of God : those who have it not, have not 
 been born of God."§ 
 
 As to the inward change from spiritual darkness, 
 or the love of evil, to light, or the love of goodness, 
 Clement of Alexandria answers, " You cannot say 
 the exact time." Mr. Faber has excellently com- 
 mented upon the place whence this is taken, the 
 sixth chapter of the first book of his Paedagogus. 
 Some there are who admit of no assurance of 
 
 * See Faber s Frimitive Doctrine of Regeneration,-^. 43. 
 + Cyril of Jerusalem. Catech, i/i Proem, p. i. ii. Faber, 
 p. 55. 
 
 % Ibid. pp. 55-60. 
 
 § In 1 Ep. Joaii. Tract, v. Op. vol. ix. p. 220. Faber, p. 
 59. Ambros. de Mysteriis. c. iv. 
 
198 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 justification, or remission, after the baptized have 
 fallen away into sin. This was far from the doc- 
 trine of the antient church. Thus, with one voice, 
 Athanasius, Ambrose, Jerome, and Augustine de- 
 clare that repentance repairs the fall of such. Atha- 
 nasius speaks of the baptism through water, the 
 baptism of martyrdom, and the baptism through 
 tears. St. Ambrose speaks of repairing the first 
 cup, the water of Jordan, the water of grace, with 
 the second, the water of tears, the water of peni- 
 tence or conversion. St. Jerome saith, " Under 
 the law, he who was cutting wood, if the head of 
 his axe should accidentally fly off, and kill a man, 
 was commanded to go to the city of refuge, and 
 there to remain until a high-priest should rise up. 
 That is, let a man be redeemed with the blood of 
 the Saviour, either in the house of baptism, or in 
 penitence, which imitates the grace of baptism, 
 through the unspeakable grace of the Saviour, who 
 willeth not that any should perish, and delighteth 
 not in the death of sinners, but that they should 
 be converted and live." * 
 
 The water of baptism was an emblem of the 
 purifying influence of the Holy Ghost, as the hys- 
 sop was a type of the cleansing virtue of the true 
 Paschal Lamb, our Lord and Saviour. Hence a 
 man may be truly born of God, who has not been 
 
 * Athan. Qucpsi. ad Antioch. Qu. 72. Opii. p. 296. Amh. 
 in Ps, xxxvii. 10, 11. Jerome, adv. Pelagium. ]. i. c. 10. 
 Augustine de Baptismo c, Donat. lib. iv. c. 14, 15, 17. Faber, 
 pp. 168, 172. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 199 
 
 baptized, but not who profanely despises baptism : 
 as St. Augustine saith, " Baptism may be present, 
 where conversion of the heart is wanting : and 
 contrariwise, conversion of the heart may be pre- 
 sent, where baptism has not been received; not, 
 however, where it has been despised. For we may 
 by no means say, that there is conversion of the 
 heart, to God, when the sacrament of God is des- 
 pised."* TertuUian in his work on Repentance 
 saith, " We are baptized, not that we may cease 
 from sinning, but because we have ceased, inasmuch 
 as we have already been washed in hearth f 
 
 Thus let the Fathers modify and explain them- 
 selves, and they will be found to be more scriptural 
 and to deserve much more commendation than even 
 some of their greatest admirers give them. For in 
 truth they were themselves content to stand or fall 
 by the scriptures ; they went for their doctrines to 
 the text of scripture as the supreme authority ; and 
 the traditions they contended for, they for the most 
 part grounded upon scripture. They did not make 
 such pretences to apostolic traditions as some have 
 made for them, excepting the tradition or handing 
 down of the doctrines summed up in the creed, and 
 brought to the mind of the Christian by the repe- 
 tition of the creed, as we see it introduced and un- 
 folded in the great Bishop Andrew^es' Manual of 
 Devotions. 
 
 It is maintained by some, that whilst baptism 
 and regeneration are cotemporaneous, baptism is 
 
 * Lib. iv. c. 25. Faher. p. 209. t j 7. Faher, p. 216. 
 
200 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 not the renewal of the inward frame, and yet that 
 it is the gift of the Holy Ghost.* These tell us 
 that "when relig-ious instruction and moral disci- 
 pline are neglected, regeneration in baptism is 
 productive of no practical effects. The infused 
 virtue of the Holy Ghost is, to speak in the mildest 
 terms, dormant and inactive." With these divines, 
 the Holy Spirit is a gift, and yet it does not en- 
 rich ; it is a power, and yet it produces no effects ; 
 it is Life, and yet, to thousands who have it, it is 
 not life. Yet if any man have the Spirit, he is truly 
 a Christian, he has true life, he is truly a child of 
 God, and calls God his Father.f 
 
 Here however this limitation is perhaps not to 
 be passed over, that the Holy Spirit is not visible 
 in all his operations; he may produce effects in- 
 visibly, which will hereafter be followed by others 
 that are visible. But in such cases it cannot be 
 said that He is inoperative ; a dormant power, a 
 lifeless energy. Our Saviour blessed the little 
 children that were brought to him. There we 
 may believe that real effects followed, although 
 they might be invisible ; but it is a verbal and un- 
 real distinction to say that the Holy Ghost is given 
 to no purpose; it works upon all in some way, 
 upon all to whom it comes. It works as well on 
 those who resist, as on those who yield to it. It 
 leaves its witness with all ; some it more power- 
 fully works upon, according to its own sovereign 
 
 * Bishop Belhell on Regeneration in Baptism, p. 67. 
 t Rom, viii. Gal. iv. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 201 
 
 freedom ; others it suffers to resist it, and returns 
 not to them ; or rather it leaves them to their own 
 choice, and they refuse its help. 
 
 By some we are told that all children are un- 
 doubtedly regenerated in baptism, and that as God 
 baptizes and not man, it is unreasonable as well as 
 heretical to represent the virtue of the sacrament 
 as at all depending upon the sincerity of the spon- 
 sors, or upon the prayers that are offered up in the 
 course of divine service. Those prayers, we are 
 taught, are rather a matter of form than really re- 
 quisite to the baptismal service. Whether the 
 sponsors have faith or not, it is, of course, to be 
 found in the universal church ; but the children 
 are baptized in the faith of the church, therefore 
 they rightly receive baptism. Moreover the chil- 
 dren themselves present no bar to the grace of the 
 sacrament : so says St. Cyprian, and is he not 
 much better than any later authority ? Let us 
 consider whether this chain of assertions is so in- 
 dissoluble as it is often represented. 
 
 Now our own church having laid down that 
 repentance and faith are required of such as would 
 be baptized, asks, " Whi/ then are infants baptized, 
 when hy r^eason of their tender age they cannot 
 perform these conditions?'' The answer is not 
 " Because they present no bar to the sacrament," 
 but " Because they promise them both by their 
 sureties ; which promise when they come to age, 
 themselves are bound to perform." Do you ask, 
 why are they called upon to make these promises ? 
 The reason may be shewn from the unchanging 
 
202 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 obligation of the creature to yield himself to the 
 service of his Creator, much more of his Redeemer. 
 The whole Jewish people, from the oldest to the 
 youngest, were repeatedly called upon to enter thus 
 into covenant with God. In the baptismal service 
 we ask for mercy and grace for those who come to 
 this sacrament ; we ask that we may obtain. It is 
 but a natural inference that if we ask not aright, if 
 we ask not in faith, w^e shall not receive that which 
 we pray for, namely, the gift of the Holy Spirit for 
 those infants whom we bring to holy baptism. And 
 that the blessing of the sacrament depends upon 
 prayer, and if so, upon the sincerity of prayer, we 
 may gather from the church having appointed that 
 at least some of the collects shall be used in private 
 baptism, and not the mere form of baptism. So in 
 the Homily on swearing ; " By holy promises, with 
 calling of the name of God to witness, we be made 
 lively members of Christ, when we profess his reli- 
 gion, receiving the sacrament of baptism." * 
 
 It has been already said that children are capable 
 of some degrees of divine influence. Even prior 
 to faith they may be prepared to receive the seed 
 of the divine word, and parents may be happy in 
 the belief that God will hear their prayers for their 
 offspring, as he accepted Samuel at the hands of 
 his mother, as he accepted John the Baptist, as 
 he accepted Jeremiah. But how can this sacra- 
 ment be other than profaned, when all who come 
 to it come only to perform a mockery of God ? Is 
 
 * P. 62. London, 1817. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 203 
 
 there in such cases no such thing to be dreaded as 
 the visiting the sins of the fathers upon the chil- 
 dren ? Is there no guard around the majesty of 
 the divine law ? Where, at least, do the scriptures 
 teach that the very forms and words of the holy 
 mysteries have a transforming power, and an irre- 
 sistible efficacy ? Or how comes it that the zealous 
 opponents of irresistible mercy and grace readily 
 admit such grace when it passes through the sa- 
 cerdotal medium of their own office ? They call it 
 the humility of faith. Others will regard it as an 
 opinion really derived from superstitious weakness 
 and spuriously apostolical traditions, or from a 
 spiritual pride that will recover a papal authority 
 under the mask of reformed Catholicism. 
 
 Those who have advocated the necessary and 
 inseparable connection of regeneration with bap- 
 tism, have affirmed that whatsoever change takes 
 place in the heart and life after baptism, is to be 
 called renovation not regeneration. But they 
 have been far from urging so complete a renova- 
 tion as that of the scriptures ; they have been more 
 zealous in palliating human nature, and in accom- 
 modating the great principles of the gospel to the 
 prejudices of human pride, than in preparing the 
 heart by self-abasement and humility, conviction 
 of sin and contrition for it, to receive the perfect 
 purity of divine truth, a purity and perfection that 
 are never received but by that humility which 
 springs out of the love of Christ, love magnified in 
 the freeness of his grace ; love then felt, when in 
 ourselves we see guilt that nothing but infinite 
 
204 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 mercy could forgive, and weakness that only infinite 
 grace could relieve. Then are we new creatures, 
 when we love not ourselves, but Him who bought 
 us with his precious blood. True renovation is in 
 the sanctifying power of the love of Jesus. 
 
 He who is convinced of this, and knows it in his 
 heart, will not be content with urging a partial 
 change. No partial change of heart and life can 
 fit us for eternity, eternity with God and his holy 
 angels. If the heart is deceitful above all things, 
 it is not for the minister of God to expatiate upon 
 the beauty of the broken fragments of the divine 
 image ; but to lead men rather to contemplate the 
 height from which they have fallen, the corruption 
 to which they have sunk. The poet may draw 
 from imagination, but the faithful historian will 
 shew that nothing is too base for man to attempt ; 
 and daily experience lessens our surprise at the 
 iniquity with which the world abounds. The Chris- 
 tian believes that in his own heart are the seeds of 
 pollution sufficient to destroy a world. But he 
 loves not divine perfection the less. He that 
 trusteth in his own heart is a fool, and he who be- 
 lieves all kindly and great things of human nature 
 will trust in his own heart. 
 
 Whether it be called conversion or regeneration, 
 or repentance, or renovation, a great change is de- 
 clared in Holy Scripture to be absolutely required 
 of all that would be saved : " If any man be in 
 Christ, he is a new creature : old things are passed 
 away ; behold ! all things are become new." 2 Co7'. 
 v. 17. A new heart aiming by the love of Christ to 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.l). 
 
 203 
 
 live to him, to the glory of God ; a heart satisfied 
 with nothing less than an increasing union with the- 
 will of God ; a heart purified from self-love, despis- 
 ing the attractions of earth, mortifying its own evil 
 passions, and counting nothing so dear as the know- 
 ledge of the love of Christ, shewn forth in our Re- 
 demption. And is not this a new heart to him 
 that hath it? Is this the state in which we are 
 born ? Is it not a daily renovation, a daily death 
 unto sin, and new life unto righteousness? And 
 would it not be in fact a spiritual regeneration, if it 
 were experienced by the greater part of baptized 
 Christendom ? 
 
206 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 I^ulle7''s Triple Reconciler. 
 
 ULLER, in 1654, put forth two ser- 
 mons dedicated to the Lady Eliza- 
 beth Newton, of Charlton, in Kent ; 
 as a memorial of his friendship, and 
 of his intention ere this to have 
 visited her, and to have preached these two sermons 
 before her. The first, entitled Comfort in Ca- 
 lamity^ was preached on a special occasion, in St. 
 Clement's Church, London, near East Cheap. Li 
 this sermon, he thus alludes to the times. " Come 
 we now to that point which we conceive both per- 
 tinent to the text, and profitable for our times, 
 namely, to give advice how people should behave 
 themselves, if God should for their sins condemn 
 them to live in a time and place wherein i\iefou7i- 
 datious of religion (so far as they are destroyable) 
 should be destroyed.* 
 
 "Be it here premised, that nothing herein is 
 spoken out of reflection to the present times, to fill 
 
 * The text being Fsalm xi. 3. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, B.B. 207 
 
 the heads or hearts of people with jealousies of any 
 design, as intended at the present, to blow up the 
 foundations of religion. And yet, give me leave to 
 say, that some months since, had w^e gone on the 
 same pace we began, a few steps farther would have 
 brought all to a sad condition ; so that the lawyers 
 might even have drawn up the will of expiring di- 
 vinity, and the divines performed the funerals of 
 dying law in this nation. But, blessed be God 
 that, since that time, confusion is confounded, and 
 some hopes given of a better condition. In a word, 
 if rehgion be no whit the nearer to the making, in 
 all probability it is something the farther from the 
 undoing." * 
 
 In this sermon, which is evidently tinctured wath 
 the regrets of the author, is a remark, not without 
 its application to our ow^n day ; in which so many 
 think it enough to decide their judgments, to allege 
 that this or the other excellent person is their pre- 
 cedent. " Secondly, we except such (from willing 
 consenting) as have been fraudulently circum- 
 vented instrumentally to concur to the destroying 
 of foundations, clean contrary to their own desires 
 and intents, as erroneously conceiving they sup- 
 ported the foundations, when really they destroyed 
 them. This commonly cometh to pass by having 
 men's persons in admiration : {Jude 16.) so that 
 possessed with the opinion of their piety, they de- 
 liver up their judgments as their act and deed, 
 signed and sealed to them, to believe and practise, 
 
 * pp. 26, 27. 
 
208 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 without denial, doubt, or delay, whatsoever the others 
 shall prescribe." * 
 
 The second sermon had been preached at St. 
 Mary's, Cambridge, probably as an Assize Sermon, 
 from Rev. xx. 12, " And the books ivere opened." 
 He treats first of the doom of heathens, then of 
 Christians. This little treatise (for so it may be 
 called) discovers the reverence and holy modesty 
 of its ingenious author ; his unwillingness to define 
 and decide, where scripture itself is silent, or where 
 only probable reasons can be urged. He was in- 
 deed no friend to enlarging consequential divinity, 
 a defect but too common to theologians of very op- 
 posite opinions. He condemns that false and im- 
 modest fear which some evince of not vindicating 
 all the ways of God to sight ; a fear, in short, lest 
 God should be unjust. Such, he says, are jealous 
 over God with an unholy jealousy^ fearing where 
 no fear is ; and it proceedeth from a principle of 
 atheism, seeing it springeth from the same root, 
 to deny a God, and to doubt that God will appear 
 just in manifesting his own proceedings." f 
 
 After a notice of the heathen, any thing but 
 disparaging, Fuller concludes that, "yet even the 
 best of these, in the strictness of God's justice, 
 may be condemned when the books are opened. 
 For, grant that in some particular actions they may 
 be said morally to supererogate, yet in other things 
 they were defective, and fell short of the just mea- 
 sure of God's commands, according to the moral 
 light manifested unto them. 
 
 * P. :34. 
 
 t r. 09. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D. D. 209 
 
 " Had pride been the weapon whereat a duel 
 had been fought betwixt Alexander and J3iogenes, 
 probably the conqueror of the world had been 
 worsted by a poor philosopher. 
 
 " Who hath more golden sentences than Seneca 
 against the contempt of gold ? Yet, (if Tacitus 
 and other of his contemporaries may be credited) 
 none more rich, none more covetous than he ; as if 
 out of design he had persuaded others to cast away 
 their money, that he himself might come and gather 
 it up again." * 
 
 He concludes then in the following page, " they 
 are left under the wrath of God, and weight of 
 their sin, and without any ordinary way to a Sa- 
 viour. 
 
 " I say ordinary. I confess it is a gospel-truth 
 that in the name of Jesus only salvation is to be 
 expected; and it is a maxim no less sound than 
 generally received, extra ecclesiam nulla salus, 
 Out of God^s church no hope to he saved ; if both 
 be confined to common dispensations and the re- 
 gular known way of God's manifesting himself. 
 But how far forth it might please God to reveal 
 Christ to such heathens on their death-beds, by 
 peculiar favour, out of the road of his common 
 kindness, and how far forth God, as an universal 
 creator, may be pleased to indulge unto some emi- 
 nent heathen persons, is curious for man to inquire, 
 and impossible to determine. Leave we them, 
 therefore, to stand or fall to their own master ; 
 
 * Pp. 60, 61. 
 p 
 
210 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 only adding this, that it will be far better at the 
 last day of judgment for these Christian Pagans, 
 as I may term them, than for many Pagan Chris- 
 tians amongst us now-a-days, who are worse under 
 the sunshine of grace in the gospel, than they be 
 by the dim candle-light of nature. 
 
 " Come we now to Christians ; where the diffi- 
 culty is the less to prove, that they all shall be ar- 
 raigned, and may justly be condemned, when the 
 books are opened : which will plainly appear on the 
 serious perusal of the following particulars. 
 
 " First, that to all persons living within the pale 
 of the church, Christ hath really and cordially, sine 
 fnco et doloy without any fraud or deceit, been 
 tendered unto them under the conditions of faith 
 and repentance, that whosoever helieveth on him 
 should have everlasting life : and this will appear 
 when the hooks shall he opened. 
 
 " Secondly, that even the worst of men living 
 under the light of the gospel, have at one time or 
 another their heads filled with good notions, and 
 their hearts with good motions ; Grace illuminating, 
 wooing, and courting them, as I may say, to lay 
 hold on God in his promises : on the truth whereof 
 their own consciences will be deposed ; and so this 
 will appear ivhen the books are opened. 
 
 Thirdly, that God standeth ready, on man's 
 good improvement of the aforesaid illuminating 
 grace, (though not for the merit of man's perform- 
 ances, but for his own mere mercy and promise 
 sake) to crown their endeavours with the addition 
 and accession of farther degrees of grace, even 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D,D. 211 
 
 such as infallibly accompany salvation. For I 
 shall never be of their opinions, who parallel God's 
 proceedings with those of Adonibezek (Judges i. 
 7,) who put seventy kings under his table, there to 
 gather up crumbs, which probably did very plenti- 
 fully fall down unto them ; whereas he before-hand 
 had taken order that their thumbs were cut off; 
 their thumbs, 1 say, which alone of all the fingers 
 are of the Quorum, to the gathering or grasping of 
 any thing; and whose eflfectual correspondency 
 with the rest of the hand, is absolutely necessary 
 to the taking up of any small thing, especially if 
 lying in piano, on a floor or flat place. I say, I 
 must dissent from those who make God such a ty- 
 rant, as sportingly and spitefully to proffer grace 
 to wicked men, when by a previous act, without 
 any fault or refusal of theirs, he hath rendered 
 them incapable of the acceptance of that which he 
 offereth unto them. No surely, God doth no way 
 before-hand maim or disable them from enjoving 
 the benefit of grace tendered unto them ; but on 
 the other side, is prepared to increase their store, 
 and add to them, which use the utmost of their 
 power to increase those talents which they have 
 already received. And this will appear to be true, 
 whe7i the books shall be opened. 
 
 " Fourthly, No man hath made that improve- 
 ment of grace offered which he ought and might. 
 Many a time he hath stayed at home when he 
 should have been at church : many times he hath 
 been at church either sleeping, or not attending 
 there : many a time he hath attended, yet after- 
 
212 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 wards forgotten what he heard : many times he hath 
 remembered it, and it hath been his remembrancer, 
 yet he hath quenched the heat in his heart, and 
 the light in his understanding. And all this will 
 appear true, zche)i the books shall be opened, 
 
 " Fifthly, Upon our not improving God's grace 
 offered us in his word, God qui non deserit niside- 
 seratur, who leaves none unless he be first left by 
 them, is not bound to add more grace: yea, he 
 may justly withdraw what he hath given; and, 
 which is more, may judicially harden those from 
 whom his grace is withdrawn, for making no better 
 use thereof when tendered unto them. And all 
 this shall appear ivhen the books shall be opened, 
 
 " In a word, the transactions of that day will be 
 a perfect comment on those words of the prophet 
 Hosea (xiii. 9,) O Israel thou hast destroyed 
 thyself, but in me is thine help. All such who are 
 condemned, shall cast the blame thereof on them- 
 selves ; whilst those whom God shall be pleased to 
 save, will in their consciences confess they might 
 most justly be damned when the books shall be 
 opened. And seeing a Saviour hath by his death 
 purchased for them repentance, faith, d^ridi perseve- 
 rance to the end (because he would not trust this 
 perverse freedom of their will with the acceptance 
 or refusal of grace) they shall for ever sing halle- 
 lujahs to the praise of the undeserved mercy and 
 o^oodness of God in their salvation." * 
 
 Fuller, in this discourse makes mention of the 
 
 Pp. 62—67. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 213 
 
 venerable Judge Doddridge. The name will be a 
 sufficient ground for its introduction in this place. 
 " There was lately a judge in England, whom I 
 need not be ashamed to name, as the honour of his 
 robe and profession, viz. Justice Doddridge, whom 
 they commonly called the sleeping Judge. Indeed, 
 he had an affected drowsy posture on the bench, 
 insomuch that many persons unacquainted with his 
 custom therein, having causes of concernment to be 
 tried before him, have even given all for lost, as 
 expecting no justice from a dormant judge : when 
 he all the while did only retire himself within him- 
 self, to consult with his own soul about the validity 
 of what was alleged and proved unto him ; as ap- 
 peared afterwards by those oracles of law which he 
 pronounced." * 
 
 The unfeigned piety and practical spirit of the 
 preacher are exemplified in his warning against the 
 commission of what men term small sins.f 
 
 In this year also appeared his " Triple Reconci- 
 liation" stating the controversies, whether minis- 
 ters have an exclusive power of repelling communi- 
 cants from the Sacrament: whether any persons 
 unordained may lawfully preach : whether the Lord's 
 Prayer ought not to be used by all Christians. 
 This little book which consists of sermons upon 
 these topics is dedicated to " the Right Honourable, 
 and truly virtuous Lady, Anne, Viscountess Bal- 
 tinglass," and breathes in every page the Christian 
 moderation of its author. The first topic is based 
 
 * P. 72. 
 
 t P. 73. 
 
214 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 upon Leviticus, xiii. 3. " And the priest shall 
 look on him, and pronounce him unclean^ The 
 first sermon is of temporal leprosy only, and is in- 
 terspersed with a variety of curious observations. 
 
 In the second sermon (beginning at p. 12,) he 
 classes himself with the Eclectics thus : " I intend 
 in like manner to be a chooser in this point. (Grand 
 the difference between a chooser and a seeker of 
 our age ; the former is j^ositive, the latter sceptical, 
 hovering over all, settling on nothing). I know no 
 reason that we are bound to take one and all in 
 any persuasion. Three great interests may be 
 named in England : one that was, — Prelatical ; one 
 that is, — the Presbyterian ; one that would be, — 
 the Independent. I shall embrace whatever I find 
 in any of their practices commendable, and conso- 
 nant to God's word, making use of my Christian 
 liberty, to leave the rest, which, in my weak judg- 
 ment, may seem subject to just exception." * 
 
 He thus decides the first question : " There are 
 some places of Scripture, which, by proportion and 
 consequence do more than probably insinuate such 
 a power (i. e. of examination and exclusion from 
 the sacrament,) in the minister. First, for exam- 
 ining, Heh. xiii. 17. Obey them that have the rule 
 over you, and suhmit yourselves, for they ivatch 
 for your souls as they that must give account, that 
 they may do it with Joy, and not with grief , for 
 that is unprofitable for you. God, foreseeing that 
 in after ages, the minister in a church might be but 
 
 * P. 13. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 215 
 
 one, the parishioners many; he, perchance poor, 
 they rich ; he possibly young, they grave and an- 
 cient ; saw there would be an humour of opposition 
 
 •in them to submit to their pastor, and, therefore, 
 thought it necessary to leave this command on re- 
 cord. Now the best auditor cannot give an account 
 of them whose receipts and expenses he hath not 
 examined, and, therefore, by consequence it may 
 be collected, that they may and must try the con- 
 ditions and abilities of their people. Prov. xxvii. 
 21. Be thou diligent to know the state of thy 
 
 jlocks, and look well to thy herds. 
 
 Secondly, for excluding, where be it premised, 
 that if an examining power can be demonstrated in 
 the ministers, a power of exclusion doth by neces- 
 sary and undeniable consequence follow thereupon." 
 He then notices that many apply to this topic 2 
 Chron. xxiii. 19, and JIatth. vii. 6, as also his 
 text, Levit. xiii. 3 ; but cautions against appljdng 
 this passage in all respects ; for the high priest 
 alone was intended in it. Some, he observes, were 
 foolish enouo^h to alleg-e 1 Pet. iii. 15. He cau- 
 tions ministers ag^ainst exactinor too much know- 
 ledge, especially, of the young.* He excludes per- 
 sons virtually excommunicated, that is, such as live 
 in the practice of a notorious sin excommunicable 
 in itself, though the sentence be not solemnly passed 
 upon them. " I say, notorious sin. Blessed be 
 God, surreptitious sins of infirmity do not render us 
 incapable of the Sacrament ; if they did, God's table 
 
 * Pp. 15—19. 
 
216 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 would stand utterly unfurnished, without any either 
 to administer or receive those holi/ mysteries, 
 
 " Now sins must be notorious two manner of 
 ways: 1. Quoad naturam ; 2. Quoad notitiam. 
 First, quoad naturam ; the sin being horrible and 
 heinous in its own nature, such a sin as is not only 
 mortal, as all sins are, but mortiferum, if God's 
 mercy doth not interpose : an examination whereof 
 is needless, as generally known. 
 
 " By the way, there is a notorious sin in the na- 
 ture thereof, which notwithstanding, in defiance of 
 opposition, forceth his access unto the Sacrament, 
 namely, the sin of oppression. How great this is, 
 doth appear by the words of Solomon, Eccles, vii. 
 7. Oppression maketh a wise man mad ; that 
 is, wise men being oppressed above their strength, to 
 comport therewith, oft times break forth into mad 
 extravagancies. Now, having formerly shewed 
 how madmen are to be prohibited the Communion, 
 quod efficit tale, magis est tale : what makes so is 
 more so. Oppressors, sure, ought not to receive. 
 But, alas ! such their power, that, if pleased, they 
 will command their own passage to the Communion 
 in spite of the minister's opposition, God alone, 
 being able to punish their presumption therein. 
 
 " Secondly, the sin must be notorious, quoad 
 notitiam, so that general cognizance is taken therepf, 
 to the public scandal of the congregation." 
 
 This liberty, he observes, was allowed the min- 
 ister by the Rubric in the Liturgy.* It is impos- 
 
 * P. 23. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 217 
 
 sible to keep hypocrisy from this sacrament.* 
 " Young people, be they never so great or gracious, 
 are at first to be examined by the minister before 
 admitted to the sacrament. Most noble Theo- 
 philus may be an instance hereof : Luke i. 4, that 
 thou mayest know the certainty of those things 
 wherein thou hast been instructed, i. e. catechized. 
 And, although it appears not in the text, that such 
 catechizing of him was done by the minister, yet it 
 is easy to prove out of primitive antiquity, that 
 catechumeni was a degree of young Christians, 
 candidates for the sacrament." f 
 
 He then complains of the indiscretion of some 
 ministers in regard of such examinations. " I speak 
 it upon the complaint of those whose report with 
 me is above exception, how many difficult, yet frivo- 
 lous questions have been propounded unto them; 
 as, what God did before he created the world? 
 Where the soul of Lazarus was in the three days' 
 interval, whilst his body laid in the grave ? A ques- 
 tion which he, who propounded it, I believe, was 
 as ignorant of, as the party to whom it was pro- 
 pounded. Others have been too steim and morose, 
 in not accepting true and pertinent answers, if not 
 coming up to the very top of what was demanded. 
 Thus, when one was asked what God was, the 
 party, no less modestly than truly, replied, God is 
 a spirit ; to whom the minister returned, ' And so 
 is the Devil too:' enough to dash and daunt a 
 softly spirit, vihich rather deserved encouragement. 
 
 P. 24. 
 
 t Ibid. 
 
218 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 It is reported of Bishop Hooper, that worthy mar- 
 tyr, in the days of Queen Mary, (and a Cart- 
 wright, before Mr. Cartwright, I mean the great 
 patron of nonconformists,) that when an honest 
 citizen, in a conflict of conscience, came to his door 
 for counsel, being abashed at his austere behaviour, 
 he durst not come in, but departed, seeking remedy 
 for his troubled mind at other men's hands." * 
 
 Fuller then lays down, that examination ought 
 to suffice once for all, and not to be made a pre- 
 requisite upon each act of communion. He then 
 condemns those who are too remiss in regard of 
 admitting persons to communicate, " requiring no 
 more than the general profession of Christianity, a 
 reverend posture of the body, and a hand reached 
 out to receive." f " We may observe," says Fuller, 
 " a great difference between the places of Christ's 
 preaching and administering the Sacrament." All 
 were admitted to the one, but disciples only to the 
 other. He proceeds to the case of Judas, so fre- 
 quently referred to on the contrary side. 
 
 " The maintainers of this opinion of promiscuous 
 communions, proceed upon a double error : first, 
 on the example of Judas, one of the worst of men, 
 yet not thought bad enough by Christ himself to 
 be excluded the sacrament. Here they take that 
 for decided which is disputed, that for concluded 
 which is controverted ; adhuc sub judice lis est ; 
 it hangeth as yet on the file, and the number and 
 worth of ancient writers on the negative, are almost 
 
 » Pp. 25, 26. 
 
 t P. S8. 
 
THOMJS FULLER, D.D. 219 
 
 even with those which affirm his receiving. But 
 suppose he did receive the sacrament (which in my 
 particular opinion I do beUeve) it maketh nothinor 
 for the advantage of those which urge it in this 
 behalf. 
 
 " For, first, Judas was completely qualified for a 
 communicant ; first with knowledge, whereof he had 
 too much, except he had used it better, whose emi- 
 nent parts were like unto those torches and lanterns 
 abused by him to apprehend and betray our Saviour : 
 secondly, with such seeming holiness, that none of 
 his fellow-disciples could detect, or did suspect him 
 for unfaithfulness : else needless had the question 
 been of John to Christ, Loi^d who is it ? (Joh. xiii. 
 25,) had he not carried it so cunningly that no 
 common jealousy centred on him as a traitor in 
 intention. 
 
 " Objection. Christ as God knew Judas to be 
 an hypocrite &c. Indeed, as God, he knew it, but 
 it is questionable whether he communicated this 
 knowledge to his humanity, and if so, yet he might 
 not be pleased to take notice thereof at the instant 
 of instituting the sacrament. Because therein 
 Christ would do nothing but what should be prece- 
 dential to posterity to imitate : as intending that 
 mere men should afterwards follow him in the 
 ministry." * The second false principle upon which 
 they proceed, is, that this sacrament is intended, or, 
 at least, may be a means of conversion. To this 
 
 * This latter solution appears not less probable than 
 ingenious. 
 
220 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 he very forcibly replies, that those who come " not 
 qualified for communicants, cannot expect con- 
 verting from the sacrament, because they break 
 the word of God in appearing there."* 
 
 He next proceeds to comment upon the over- 
 strictness of many of the Presbyterian party in 
 respect of admission to the holy communion, which 
 they denied to all that would not submit to a re- 
 examination previously to each celebration. And 
 here he thus ingenuously declares his mind with 
 respect to the then ecclesiastical state of this king- 
 dom, being in moderation and love of peace, the 
 Baxter of the Episcopalians, but happily without 
 the infirmities of that most upright and laborious 
 of the Nonconformists. 
 
 " Not to dissemble in the sight of God and man, 
 I do ingenuously protest, that I aff'ect the Epis- 
 copal government (as it was constituted in itself, 
 abating some corruptions which time hath con- 
 tracted) best of any other, as conceiving it most 
 consonant to the word of God, and practice of the 
 primitive church. But, seeing it hath pleased 
 God to set by Episcopacy for the present, (whether 
 or no animo resumendi \ to him alone is known) 
 far be it from me to close with such, whom I con- 
 fess I love the worst : J those practisers of so 
 
 * P. 33. t With the intention of restoring it. 
 
 X In allusion to the anecdote with which this protest is 
 introduced. " Here let none think, that out of the spirit of 
 frowardness, I wilfully oppose their opinions, or that out of 
 anger or discontent I may favour some modern licentious 
 extravagancies. I remember a story of the Lady Catharine 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 221 
 
 much liberty in the church, that it tendeth directly 
 to confusion, and whose disorderly order deserves 
 not the name of any discipline. 
 
 " But I know that religion and learning hath 
 flourished under the Presbyterian government in 
 France, Germany, the Low Countries. I know many 
 worthy champions of the Truth, bred and brought 
 up under the same. I know the most learned and 
 moderate English divines (though Episcopal in their 
 calUngs and judgments,) have allowed the Reformed 
 churches under the Discipline, for sound and per- 
 fect in all essentials necessary to salvation. If 
 therefore denied my first desire, to live under that 
 church-government I best affected, I will contentedly 
 conform to the Presbyterian government, and en- 
 deavour to deport myself quietly and comfortably 
 under the same." * 
 
 Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, which may be applied to my 
 occasions. When every lady at an entertainment was to 
 choose whom she loved best, and so place themselves ; the 
 Duchess, because not allowed to choose her own husband, 
 (as against the laws of the feast,) took Stephen Gardiner by 
 the hand, whom she perfectly hated, with these words : 'If 
 I may not sit down with him whom I love best, I have chosen 
 him whom I love worst.' " — Fox, Acts and Mon. p. 2079. 
 
 * Pp. 34-36. Fuller, in his Worthies, ( Cheshire, p. 200, 
 Ed. Nichols,) making mention of Bishop Downham's cele- 
 brated sermon upon Episcopacy, remarks, " He preached 
 the sermon, April 17, 1608, at the consecration of James 
 Mountagne, Bishop of Bath and Wells, irrefragably proving 
 therein Episcopacy jure divino.'^ Yet in that sermon this 
 prelate did not, any more than Hooker, affirm Episcopacy to 
 be essential to the nature of a true church, nor did he un- 
 church other communions. 
 
222 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 He then resumes his animadversions upon the 
 over-strictness of many amongst the then dominant 
 party, affirming that it hath made this sacrament 
 to be long disused in some churches, nay, in some 
 parishes for the space of ten years.* Another 
 mischief which he imputes to this abuse, is, its 
 tending to withdraw^ men's affections from Protes- 
 tantism altogether: "thereby our adversaries of 
 the Romish church have gotten a great advantage. 
 This is a true maxim : A lean Communion maketh 
 a Jut Mass ; and many are fallen off to Papistry 
 on this occasion." f He opposes also to this indis- 
 cretion the custom of the other Presbyterian 
 churches, and appeals to the French and Dutch 
 congregations in London, as examples of their re- 
 spective originals abroad, j: The pious and learned 
 biographer of Archbishop Williams, says " Was 
 there ever such a negligence among Christians 
 before ? Sometimes the Pope hath interdicted the 
 churches of a nation for a year or more ; the greater 
 was his sin ; but I will make affidavit that some 
 parishes among us have been interdicted from the 
 Lord's Supper by the hirelings that teach them, 
 from 1642 to 1649; and this famine of the holy 
 bread is like to continue among them." § See also 
 Walton s Life of Bishop Sanderson. 
 
 This was not the only abuse. " In these licen- 
 tious times," remarks Fuller in his Mixt Bledita- 
 tions,\\ " wherein religion lay in a swoon, and many 
 
 * P. 37. t P. 40. X P- 45. 
 
 § Hackefs Life of Archbishop Williams, pt. ii. p. 107. 
 il P. 275. Ed. Pickerivg, 1830. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 223 
 
 pretended ministers (minions of the times) com- 
 mitted or omitted in divine service what they 
 pleased ; some, not only in Wales, but in England, 
 and in London itself, on the Lord's day, (sometimes 
 with, sometimes without a psalm) presently popped 
 up into the pulpit, before any portion of scripture, 
 either in the Old or New Testament, was read to 
 the people. 
 
 " Hereupon one in jest-earnest said, that for- 
 merly they put down Bishops and Deans, and now 
 they had put down Chapters too." 
 
 The second controversy, Whether any persons 
 unordained may lawfully preach, he answers by 
 a passage then commonly adduced as on their side, 
 by the favourers of lay-preaching — Acts xiii. 15. 
 And after the reading of the Law and the prophets, 
 the rulers of the synagogue sent unto them saying, 
 Ye men and brethren, if ye have any word of ex- 
 hortation for the people, say on. In treating of 
 this passage, he enters upon the institution and 
 origin of synagogues. He notices the mention of 
 them in Ps. cxxiv. 8, and concludes that they " may 
 be said to be by divine right once removed,"^ 
 namely, collected from the scriptures by necessary 
 consequence." 
 
 Baraabas was not without an ordinary call to 
 preach ; being a Levite,f it belonged to his profes- 
 sion to teach the people. He had moreover an 
 extraordinary call from God;:|; besides at this time 
 a civil invitation from the masters of the synagogue. 
 
 * Jure divino secuitdario, i).62. t Acts xiv. :i,6. t xiii. Ji. 
 
224 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Paul was a pharisee, the son of a pharisee, of whom 
 it is said that they sit in Moses' chair. And again, 
 synagogues were of double use, and served for an 
 academy as well as a congregation. 
 
 In the practical application of this subject, after 
 observing the antiquity of the custom of publicly 
 reading the Word of God in the church, he adds, 
 " And here let us endeavour to raise the just repu- 
 tation of the word publicly read. Some conceive 
 that the Word preached is as much holier than 
 the Word read, as the pulpit is higher than the 
 desk. Yea, such will say, myself, or son, or servant 
 can read a chapter as well at home, as any the most 
 accomplished minister in England. But let such 
 know, that he which doth not honour all, doth not 
 honour any of God's ordinances ; and it is just with 
 God, that preaching of the Word should prove in- 
 effectual to such as slight and neglect the reading 
 thereof."* 
 
 In the following. Fuller appears of the same 
 mind with primitive George Herbert. " It is law- 
 ful for ministers to make use of the help of others, 
 not only in their sickness and necessary absence, 
 but also when their own persons are present : first, 
 because we must as well mend our nets, as always 
 catch fishes ; as well study for new supply as always 
 preach. And seeing nature hath given us as well 
 two ears as a tongue, we must as attentively listen 
 to the parts and pains of others, as contentedly 
 utter our own meditations. Secondly, such variety 
 
 P. 71. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 225 
 
 will not only be pleasant, but profitable to our 
 people. In the mouth of two or three witnesses 
 let every truth he established. When the people 
 shall hear the same matter in a difi"erent manner, 
 one truth (salvation by God's mercies alone, and 
 Christ's merits) dressed in several motives and 
 methods, and expressions. The nails will he driven 
 the faster hy many masters of the assembly ; and 
 though it be faulty for itching ears to heap up 
 teachers to themselves, yet sometimes such exchange 
 of preachers increases the edification of an audi- 
 tory." * 
 
 If, in those days of change and pretended refor- 
 mation, many unworthy ministers were expelled 
 their churches, (that many of the most deserving 
 suffered also there can be no doubt,) it is to be 
 feared that in numerous parishes religion was little 
 advanced by the exchange. They were superseded 
 often by illiterate persons, every way contemptible, 
 and who, therefore, could not fail to bring a disgrace 
 upon public worship itself, according as affairs then 
 stood. " How many," remarks Fuller, " now-a-days, 
 in despite of the rulers of the synagogues, the un- 
 doubted patron, the lawful incumbent, the guardians 
 of the church publicly chosen, storm the pulpit by 
 their mere violence, without any other call or com- 
 mission thereto."f 
 
 " None may ordinarily execute the office of 
 preacher, except lawfully called thereunto." No- 
 thing but absolute and literal necessity may dispense 
 
 * P. 71. t P. 72. 
 
 Q 
 
226 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 with this rule ; not a pretended necessity, only vi- 
 sible to the parties who allege it. A lawful calling 
 is partly internal, partly external. The internal 
 consists in having a desire (free from any sinister 
 motives,) and delight to undertake the ministry; 
 and also, in having some competent ability to dis- 
 charge that office. Here, in addition to the know- 
 ledge of Greek and Hebrew, Fuller recommends 
 also some skill in logic ; and this point he omits no 
 occasion to urge upon his readers. He adds to 
 these qualifications, that of inward holiness. The 
 external call consists, first, in the approbation of 
 such in the church, as have power and place to 
 examine them. "But all these will not do the 
 deed to make a lawful minister ; still one thing, and 
 but one thing, is wanting, and that is, ordination; 
 Acts xiv. 23. Titus i. 5. the solemnity whereof, 
 with the ceremony used thereat, are set forth in 
 scripture." * 
 
 Fuller instances in the case of Uzzah and of 
 Uzziah ; but our modern meddlers and intruders 
 would doubtless reply, that the Old Testament is 
 never to interfere with the prejudices of Christians. 
 We are not under a theocracy, we have nothing to 
 do with Moses, say our Christian legislators, and 
 our Christian lay-clergy ; the one to justify the doc- 
 trine that whatsoever a nation does, as a nation, for 
 the poor, it is corban, a work of humane superero- 
 
 * P. 84. " The troublesome times affording more preachers 
 than professors." Worthies of England, vol. i. p. 144. ed. 
 Nichols. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 227 
 
 gation ; the other to make way for the doctrine 
 that all Christians are equally at liberty to preach 
 and to teach. Infinite, indeed, are the abuses which 
 have filled the Christian world from the depreciating 
 of the Old Testament, and from mistaken notions 
 respecting those uses of it which are not temporar}-, 
 and those parts of it which are common alike to 
 both dispensations. 
 
 From the Old Testament our author proceeds to 
 the " solemn calling and commission of Christ's 
 apostles in the New : Mark iii. 13. And he goeth 
 up into a mountain and calleth unto him whom 
 he would, and they came unto him. — It was not 
 who would come, but whom he called. Christ in- 
 vites all to salvation. Come unto me all ye that 
 are heavy laden : only some to the ministerial 
 function." 
 
 He then notices the standing allegation of this 
 motley troop of pulpiteers, and of those, their mis- 
 t<iken adherents who are rather busy than skilful 
 in the scriptures, " Would God that all the Lord's 
 people were prophets.'' * " It folio weth not that 
 those things either are, or should be, which every 
 good man in holy zeal doth desire. I will not in- 
 stance in the wish of Daniel, O King live for ever, 
 lest any say that was but a court-compliment. St. 
 Paul saith, Rom. x. Brethren, my heart's desire 
 for Israel is, that they may he saved. Israel in- 
 definitely, that is, Israel universally, though it 
 neither could nor would be so, as contrarv to the 
 
 ' Xumb. xi. -27. 
 
228 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 will and pleasure of God in that particular : thus 
 the expressions of Moses were the commendable 
 extravagancy of his pious affection, but not the 
 exact standard, by adaequation, whereunto the law- 
 fulness of all men's prophesying should be propor- 
 tioned." * 
 
 Knowing the contempt of primitive antiquity 
 common to those whom he was endeavouring to 
 convince, our author declines that topic, and presses 
 them with St. Paul's authority, Horn. x. 13 : How 
 shall they jjreach except they he sent ? " How 
 shall they preach, that is, profitably to others, com- 
 fortably to themselves, with an assurance of divine 
 direction, protection, benediction ? It is said in the 
 foregoing words. How shall they hear without a 
 preacher 9 to show that it is equally impossible for 
 men to hear without a preacher to preach law- 
 fully without sending. Let such who pretend to 
 preach without a call, try, if they can hear without 
 a preacher'' 
 
 " Secondly. — 2 Cor. xii. 17. If the whole body 
 were an eye, where were the hearing ? Prophets 
 we know, are termed seers : 1 Sam. ix. 9. Now 
 where all the body is sight, that may truly be termed 
 not a body mystical, but monstrous." 't- 
 is not the following as applicable now as when 
 it was first written ? " But let us survey what 
 gifts those are, which generally are most boasted 
 of by opposers in this point. God is my witness, 
 I speak it without bitterness, or any satirical reflec- 
 
 * Pp. 87, 88. t P. 90. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 229 
 
 tion. Are they not for the most part such as may 
 be reduced to boldness, confidence, memory, and 
 volubility of tongue ?" * 
 
 He divides the self-constituted ministry into two 
 classes ; first, those who hold another calling with 
 preaching ; secondly, those who forsake their for- 
 mer calling. To the former of these he commends 
 the apostolic rule, It is not reason that we should 
 leave the word of God and serve tables. Acts vi. 
 2. " The apostles would not be pluraHsts in pro- 
 fessions, nor retain two callings at the same time, 
 and yet serving of tables in that sense, (that is, 
 overseeing of the poor) was more compatible with 
 preaching than any other employment, as being in 
 its o^i^Ti nature of a charitable constitution, and an 
 ofifice afterwards used in the church as an entrance 
 of probationers into the ministry. 
 
 " Secondly, the apostles' refusal to be double- 
 called, at once proceeded from one, or both of these 
 reasons : either because they accounted it too heavy 
 a task for one person, though they were most mi- 
 raculously accomphshed, in which respect the ability 
 and activity of their parts might have as much ubi- 
 quitariness, as mortal man can pretend to, to be 
 present at once in distant employments. Or else, 
 their recusancy was caused from an apprehension that 
 it was disgraceful unequally to yoke the preaching 
 of God's word With, any other vocation, and beneath 
 the dignity thereof to couple it with a serving of 
 tables. 
 
 * P. 94. 
 
230 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 " Thirdly, we see they were resolved, as to let 
 go the meaner, so to retain the most noble and ne- 
 cessary function of preaching, whence most glory 
 redoundeth to God, and profit to his people. 
 
 " How then, can men now-a-days of meaner parts 
 and endowments, discharge that which the apostles 
 did decline? preach the Word and serve a ship, 
 preach the Word and serve a shop, preach the 
 Word and serve the looms, preach the Word and 
 serve the last ? retaining either manual or military 
 employment with the same." 
 
 He then observes of St. Paul (Acts xx. 34, and 
 1 Cor. iv. 12,) " that eoL'ty^aordinary accidents are 
 not to be drawn into ordmary practice. The 
 apostle did not this constantly and commonly, but 
 for a short time, at a very pinch, out of a holy de- 
 sign, namely, to starve ih^ false prophets amongst 
 the Corinthians ; and, therefore, this, his act, ought 
 not to be precedential to others, who are to apply 
 themselves totally to the ministry,"* 
 
 It was a part of the odious fanaticism of the age, 
 to condemn the use of the Lord's Prayer. Fuller, 
 therefore, undertakes the defence of this most Chris- 
 tian practice, and exposes the futility of the various 
 cavils with which it was assailed. He first treats 
 of prayer generally. " One asked a philosopher, 
 •what was the best time for a man to eat in, to whom 
 he ingeniously replied, ' A rich man may eat when 
 he please, a poor man when he can.' His witty 
 answer may afi*ord us this grave apphcation. Be 
 
 * P. 99. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 231 
 
 thou poor, or be thou rich, pray both when thou 
 wilt and when thou canst, as often as thou hast 
 either necessity or conveniency : I will not stint thee 
 to canonical hours, but embrace all opportunities 
 that are rendered unto thee, to express thy service 
 to God in thy prayers."* 
 
 " In scripture language, that is said to be done 
 continually, which is done every morning and every 
 night, JVow this is that which thou shalt offer upon 
 the altar, two lambs of the first year, day by day 
 continually, Exod xxix. 38, and this was constantly 
 called Juge-sacrificium, or the continual sacrifice. 
 Numb, xxviii. 3, Ezra iii. 3. In proportion where- 
 unto, whosoever constantly prayeth morning and 
 evening, though following his calling, and attending 
 his own occasions all intermediate time, may be 
 said according to the apostle's precept, to pray con- 
 tinually or without ceasing.'' 
 
 With respect to the Lord's prayer. Fuller con- 
 ceivedf that the prayers in Matth. vi. and Luke 
 xi. are not one and the same, but varied, the one, 
 in the sermon on the mount, the other, on another 
 occasion, but both the same in all essentials, which 
 may teach us, that a prayer is not the better for 
 being newly composed. The men of his age would 
 not have been satisfied without something more un- 
 like the first prayer as set down in St. Matthew, a 
 longer prayer, and one more particular. Fuller 
 adduces, Matth. xxvi. 44, and Numb. vi. 23, the 
 use of hymns, which are nothing more than forms 
 
 P. 113. 
 
 t P. 119. 
 
232 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 of prayer, or thanksgiving. He admirably urges 
 the universal adaptation of the Lord's prayer, sim- 
 ple for both childhood and old age, and comprising 
 and including all our wants. 
 
 Our author observes, that perchance, the true 
 cause of men's prejudice is to be found in the 
 prayer itself : " Are they not out of charity with 
 the Lord's prayer, because there is so much charity 
 in the Lord's prayer."* 
 
 In the course of this same year (1654) Fuller 
 edited the Ephemeris Paidiamentaria, being " a 
 faithful Register of the transactions in Parliament, 
 in the third and fourth years of the reign of our 
 late Sovereign Lord, King Charles : containing the 
 several speeches, cases, and arguments of Law, 
 transacted between his Majesty and both Houses : 
 together with the Grand Mysteries of the Kingdom 
 then in agitation."f 
 
 About this year also. Fuller married his second 
 wife, a sister of Thomas Roper, Viscount Baltin- 
 glass, and grandchild to Bishop Pilkington's eldest 
 daughter. The fruit of this marriage appears to have 
 been one son, called after his father, Thomas ; per- 
 haps Thomas Fuller, M. D. of Sevenoaks, Kent.|| 
 Fuller had dedicated his Triple Reconciler to the 
 Lady Anne, Viscountess Baltinglass, daughter of 
 
 * P. 142. t In folio, pp. 271. 
 
 II The conjecture given above, that Dr. Fuller of Sevenoaks 
 (concerning whom see Chalmers' Biographical Dictionary) was 
 Dr. Thomas Fuller's second son, has since been disproved 
 by the genealogy of the family of Fxiller of Roue Hill, Sussex, 
 in Burke's Dictionary of the Landed Gentry, 1844. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 233 
 
 Sir Peter Temple, (the second baronet of that name,) 
 and of Christian, sister and co-heir of Sir Richard 
 Leveson, of Trentham, Staffordshire, K.B. and 
 daughter of Sir John Leveson, knt.J 
 
 Bishop Pilkington's eldest daughter was the wife 
 of Sir Henry Harrington. Thus, Fuller, in his 
 Answer to Heylin, (Part II. p. 70). " The ani- 
 madvertor may allow me, knowing in his" (Bishop 
 Pilkington's) " family, my wife being grandchild to 
 his eldest daughter, married to Sir Henry Harring- 
 ton." He inserts in the margin, "So is his (Sir 
 H. H.) name in my corrected books." Sir Henry 
 was, if I mistake not, second son to Sir James 
 Harrington of Exton, knt. and brother to John, 
 first Lord Harrington of Exton, which nobleman, 
 had under his care, the Lady Elizabeth, (daughter 
 of James the First,) to the time of her marriage 
 with Frederic, Count Palatine of the Rhine. 
 
 The valour of the first Viscount Baltinglass, who 
 married Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Harrington, 
 Fuller memorializes in his Worthies of England,* 
 
 In his History of Abbies, (in the Church His- 
 tory) he makes mention of " that skilful antiquary, 
 and my respected kinsman, Samuel Roper of Lin- 
 coln's Inn."f 
 
 X This lady (Christian) was buried at Stow, Bucks, Ja> 
 nuary 23, 1619. Lodge's Peerage, vol. v. p. 230, London 
 1789. 
 
 * Vol. ii. pp. 73, 74. Ed. Nichols. t P. 358. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Fuller s Church History of Britain, 
 
 E come now to that work by which 
 Fuller is best known, and for which 
 as an original compilation, posterity 
 is especially indebted to his indefa- 
 tigable industry, his Church History 
 of Britain. He entitled it "The Church History 
 of Britain, from the birth of Jesus Christ until the 
 year 1648, Endeavoured by Thomas Fuller;" a 
 modest title, and no mock -modesty in the author, 
 who was fully aware of the imperfections of his own 
 work.* 
 
 Fuller, in his dedication of this work to Esme 
 Stuart, the son and heir of James, Duke of Rich- 
 mond and Lenox, records, that his noble father 
 (Fuller's constant friend) was pleased to give him 
 a text some weeks before his death : " Thou art not 
 far from the kingdom of heaven," {Mark xii. 34,) 
 
 * In the same year also (1655), Fuller published his ser- 
 mon entitled, " Li/e out o/" De«(/i, preached at Chelsea, on 
 the recovery of Sir John (father of Miss Anne) Danvers." 
 
\ 
 
 THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 235 
 
 " that is, as the words there import, the state of 
 salvation. But," he adds, " before my sermon could 
 be, his life was finished, and he in the real accep- 
 tation thereof, possessed of heaven and happiness." 
 This most estimable and illustrious person, died 
 March 30, 1655. He was the eldest son of Esme 
 Stuart, Duke of Lenox, (first cousin, once removed, 
 to James I.) by Catharine, daughter and sole heir 
 of Sir Henry Darcy of Bainham, Yorkshire, and 
 was born March 6, 1612. His father died in the 
 prime of life, leaving him an orphan, but twelve 
 years of age. King James took the family, con- 
 sisting of the Duke, his six brothers and four sis- 
 ters, under his care. A very early friendship arose 
 between James and the Prince Charles, which seems 
 never to have abated. He was early called to the 
 Privy Council, and, upon the recommendation of 
 Charles, married the daughter of Villiers, with a 
 portion of £20,000 with her. He was made Lord 
 Steward of the Royal Household, Warden of the 
 Cinque Ports, and K. G. The Parliament, for no 
 crime but his loyalty, took from him the Warden- 
 ship of the Cinque Ports. The King, on May 8, 
 1641, made him Duke of Richmond. He accom- 
 panied him to Scotland, and, on his return, was one 
 of the eleven, proscribed by the Parliament in their 
 instructions to the Earl of Essex. In 1644, he 
 was placed at the head of the council, appointed by 
 the king, for the guardianship of the Prince of 
 Wales. He was, in 1645, a Commissioner at the 
 treaty of Uxbridge. He continued with the King, 
 until the latter, without even informing him of his 
 
236 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 intentions, left Oxford, and gave himself up to the 
 Scots, April, 1646. From that time, the King did 
 not see him until he was confined in Carisbrooke 
 Castle. He performed the last solemn offices of 
 friendship to the body of his royal patron at Wind- 
 sor. Up to the time of the Civil Wars, he does 
 not appear to have taken any prominent political 
 part. He is recorded to have possessed the better 
 qualities of Charles without his defects. His re- 
 gard for Fuller, and the latter's attestation of his 
 piety, are no small addition to the honours that 
 have perpetuated his name. 
 
 The Church History is divided into eleven books, 
 of which the three first (down to a.d. 1370) were 
 for the most part, written in the reign of Charles. 
 From the epistle to the reader^ our author may be 
 concluded to have prepared this History in his 
 chamber in Sion College. In his Appeal of In- 
 jured Innocence^ being his reply to the bitter, in- 
 temperate, and (for the most part) groundless accu- 
 sations of Heylyn, he gives us this brief notice of 
 the sources whence he compiled these pages. 
 
 " 1. All passages of Church-concernment from 
 the reign of Henry the Third until King Henry the 
 Sixth, I got exactly written and attested, out of the 
 Records of the Tower. 
 
 "2. The most material transactions in all con- 
 vocations since the Reformation, till the time of 
 Queen Elizabeth (save that sometimes the journals 
 be very defective, which was no fault of mine,) I 
 transcribed out of the Registers of Canterbury. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 237 
 
 " 3. I have by much labour procured many letters 
 and other rarities (which formerly never did see the 
 light) out of the Ubrary of Sir Thomas Cotton, and 
 others. 
 
 " 4. The learned Mr. Selden (o?i his own desire) 
 honoured my first four centuries with reading, and 
 returned them unto me some weeks after, without 
 any considerable alterations. 
 
 " 5. The best antiquaries of England (amongst 
 whom the Archbishop of Armagh, it being not then 
 my happiness to be known to the learned and reli- 
 gious Sir R. Twysden) I consulted with; these now 
 I forbear to name, lest I remove and derive the 
 Animadvertor's anger on them from myself, who 
 am (though not the most able) the best prepared 
 to endure his displeasure. 
 
 " Give me leave to add, that a greater volume of 
 general church-history might be made \vith less 
 time, pains, and cost ; for in the making thereof I 
 had straw provided me to bum my brick; I mean, 
 could find what I needed, in printed books. Whereas, 
 in this British Church-History, I must, (as well as 
 I could) provide my own straw, and my pains have 
 been scattered all over the land, by riding, writing, 
 going, sending, chiding, begging, praying, and some- 
 times paying too, to procure manuscript materials." 
 
 In his account of the ancient religion of the Bri- 
 tish, Fuller follows Gildas in maintaining that it 
 was a gross polytheism, and (in his ' Appeal') de- 
 fends this opinion from Origen's fourth Homily on 
 Ezekiel, where he asks, " For when did the country 
 
238 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 of Britain, before the cadvent of Christ, join in the 
 worship of one God ?" ^ 
 
 Heylyn, who, like the revived Via Media, had 
 no small veneration for his Romish brethren, and 
 a certain hankering- attachment to the Church of 
 Rome, censures Fuller for "his raking into the 
 channel of old Popish legends, writ in the darker 
 times of superstition, but," says Heylyn, " written 
 with an honest zeal and good intention, as well to 
 raise the reader to the admiration of the person of 
 whom they write, as to the emulation of his virtues : 
 but being mixed with some Monkish dotages, the 
 most learned and ingenious men in the Church of 
 Rome have now laid them by ; and it had been very 
 well if our author had done so too, but that thei*e 
 must be something of entertainment for the gentle 
 reader, and to inflame the reckoning which he pays 
 not for." 
 
 Fuller replies, " I have not raked into the kennel 
 of old Popish legends, who took the clearest water 
 of this kind out of those rivers which run at this 
 (lay in highest reputation with the Romanists. I 
 never cited any legend but either out of Harpsfield, 
 who wrote in the last generation, and was as inge- 
 nious as any of his persuasion; or else out of Jerome 
 Porter, his Flores sanctorum, who wrote some 
 fortif years, and in high esteem with the Papists at 
 this day, as appears by the dear price thereof. 
 
 " I confess I have instanced (taking ten perchance 
 out of ten thousand) in the grossest of them, (that 
 
 * Appeal of Injured Innocence, Pt. 1. p. 54. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 239 
 
 is the fairest monster which is most deformed,) 
 partly to shew what a spirit of dehision acted in 
 that age, partly to raise our gratitude to God, seeing 
 such lying vanities are now ridiculous even to chil- 
 dren. 
 
 " I believe not the Animadvertor, when saying, 
 that the most learned and ingenious of Rome have 
 laid them aside, seeing Cornelius a Lapide weaveth 
 them in all along his comments, * and King James 
 did justly complain that Bellarmine himself did mar 
 his pretty books of devotion with such legefidan/ 
 mixtures." 
 
 Heylyn's palliation of legends savours itself of a 
 legendary spirit. The truth is that none but the 
 most ignorant or the most disingenuous would at- 
 tempt to impose upon men the belief that the Romish 
 Church is altered and improved in this respect. 
 Witness Dr. Wisemans Lives of the Five Saints 
 last canonized at Rome. Witness the additions 
 to the Roman Breviary in the last century ; wit- 
 ness Alban Rutlers Lives of the Saints, a work 
 in high esteem with the Romanists of our day. So 
 abundant are these fictions that the Romish religion 
 may be called a Religion of lies. What indeed is 
 a more evident forgery of superstition than transtib- 
 stantiation itself? Heylyn must have known that 
 the lessons of the Breviary must first have been 
 exploded before any purification of legendary super- 
 stition could be truly pretended in behalf of the 
 Romish Communion. 
 
 See for instance his Commentary on Isaiah. 
 
240 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 In his account of the seventh century, Fuller dis- 
 cusses the question of Augustine's (of Canterbury) 
 being a party to the murder of the monks of Ban- 
 chor. He follows Fox the martyrologist, and leaves 
 the point undecided. Jewel in his Defence of the 
 Apology is very copious in endeavouring to fix the 
 crime upon Augustine. 
 
 The eleventh century prosecuted to the Norman 
 Conquest, concludes with a brief sketch of the 
 Anglo-Saxon Church ; Fuller refers his reader for 
 a more complete account to Usshers Religion pro- 
 fessed hy the ancient Irish and British. Those 
 who cannot look into the collections of Mr. Soames, 
 may find a brief, but very comprehensive view of 
 the Anglo-Saxon Church, in the first chapter of 
 that most valuable work. Professor Bliinfs Sketch 
 of the Reformation in England, 
 
 Heylyn objected to the miscellaneous nature of 
 this History ; its comprising much civil history and 
 many digressions more pleasant than profitable. 
 The charge is not altogether unfounded, but greatly 
 exaggerated. In the two first books, excepting some 
 brief notices of the Danish incursions, and those not 
 altogether out of place in a history of the Anglo- 
 Saxon Church, there are but two digressions, the 
 dispute respecting the origin of the University of 
 Cambridge, and the account of the royal cures of 
 the King's Evil. It may be justly conceded that 
 some facts might have been omitted, as trenching 
 upon that purity which should not be violated though 
 but seemingly. Yet here Fuller had a good motive, 
 which was to expose the immorality and legendary 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 241 
 
 faithlessness of the periods which he describes. He 
 might perhaps have been more guarded and sparing 
 in this respect. 
 
 That his work contains much entertainment is 
 undeniable, but Fuller must have been un-Fullerized 
 ere it could have been otherwise. 
 
 The roll of Battle Abbey is indeed at the end of 
 the second book, a book of itself. But who would 
 complain that such a supplement was annexed to 
 the preceding history ? a supplement in part origi- 
 nal, and a subject not deemed unworthy of a place 
 in the voluminous and truly national collections of 
 venerable John Fox in his Martyrology. 
 
 We have at this time a party in the Church of 
 England who, whilst professing to exalt above not 
 a few of their brethren, the pure spirit of the Chris- 
 tian religion, patience, meekness, and obedience, are 
 loud in their praises of the deposing and anathema- 
 tizing pontiffs Gregory VII. and Innocent III. and 
 of the merits of Thomas (with these clergymen of 
 the Church of England, saint Thomas) a Becket. 
 These divines have far outstripped their precursor 
 Heylyn. It is remarkable that he passes over Ful- 
 ler's censures of Becket without animadversion, 
 though the most trifling defect in his pages could 
 not escape notice. 
 
 In the commencing chapter of the fourteenth 
 century. Dr. Fuller gives a brief notice of the great 
 English school-divines, as also of the enormous 
 exactions of the Popes in this age, not overlooking 
 one of the most marvellous of the Jesuit Harding's 
 very numerous falsehoods, that " the Pope's yearly 
 
 R 
 
242 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 gains out of England were but as a gnat to an 
 elephant." This is that Harding who is more gra- 
 ciously dealt with by the semi-Romish reviewer of 
 the British Critic than the great Apologist of the 
 English Reformation.* 
 
 Nothing can more clearly prove the impartial 
 spirit of Fuller than his delineation of WicklifFe and 
 his doctrines ; nothing can more clearly evince the 
 Romish tendencies of the school of Laud than Hey- 
 lyn's uncandid reflections upon this part of the 
 Church- History. " Being to write the History of 
 WicklifFe, I intend," says Fuller, " neither to deny, 
 dissemble, defend, or excuse any of his faults. * We 
 have this treasure,' saith the apostle, ' in earthen 
 vessels ;' and he that shall endeavour to prove a 
 pitcher of clay to be a pot of gold, will take great 
 pains to small purpose. Yea, should I be over- 
 officious to retain myself to plead for WicklifFe's 
 faults, that glorious saint would sooner chide than 
 thank me, unwilling that in favour of him truth 
 should suffer prejudice. He was a man, and so 
 subject to error, living in a dark age, more obnoxious 
 to stumble ; vexed with opposition, which makes 
 men reel into violence, and therefore it is unreason- 
 able, that the constitution and temper of his positive 
 opinions should be guessed by his polemical heats, 
 when he was chafed in disputation. But besides all 
 these, envy hath falsely fathered many foul asper- 
 sions upon him." f 
 
 * See Art. 1. on Bp. Jewel, his character, S^c. The British 
 Critic, July 1841. 
 t Church-Hist, B. iv. p. 129. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 243 
 
 In the face of this, Heylyn scrupled not to describe 
 our author's account of Wickliflfe and his opinions 
 thus : " The heterodoxies of WickUffe canonized for 
 gospel." * 
 
 Fuller had spoken of Wickliffe's success as the 
 success of the gospel. 
 
 " The Romanists observe that several advantages 
 concurred to the speedy propagation of Wickliffe's 
 opinions; as namely, the decrepit age of Edward III. 
 and infancy of Richard his successor, being but a 
 child, as his grandfather was twice a child ; so that 
 the reins of authority were let loose. Secondly, the 
 attractive nature of novelty drawing followers unto 
 it. Thirdly, the enmity which John of Gaunt bare 
 unto the clergy, which made him out of opposition 
 to favour the doctrine and person of Wickliffe. 
 Lastly, the envy which the Pope had contracted by 
 his exactions, and collations of ecclesiastical bene- 
 fices. We deny not these helps were instrumen- 
 tally active in their several degrees, but must attri- 
 bute the main to divine Providence blessing the 
 gospel, and to the nature of truth itself, which, 
 though for a time violently suppressed, will season- 
 ably make its own free and clear passage into the 
 world." f 
 
 Fuller defends himself by observing that it was 
 " Christ's gospel preached by Wicklifte in a purer 
 manner than in that age (thanks to God it was then 
 90 good) impurer than in our age, thanks to God 
 it now is better." J 
 
 » See The Appeal, p. 45. t C/i. Hist, B. iv. p. 129. 
 t Appeal, Pt. II. p. 40. 
 
244 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 It was, indeed, no small success which the Al- 
 mighty then vouchsafed to his own Word, when he 
 raised up a fearless assertor of the sufficiency of 
 Holy Scripture without tradition ; the human origin 
 and antichristian character of the Papacy, the blas- 
 phemous nature of transubstantiation, and the vanity 
 of the penances and satisfactions which had, in the 
 church of Rome, corrupted the doctrine of repent- 
 ance. Great was the success of the gospel when 
 Wickliffe gave to his country his translation of the 
 New Testament, of which it has been observed, that 
 " at this day it might be read in our churches with- 
 out the necessity of many even verbal alterations, 
 and on comparing it with the authorized version of 
 King James, it will be found that the latter was 
 hammered on WicklifFe's anvil."* 
 
 The rest of Fuller's defence I reserve to another 
 chapter, that as it forms a single subject, it may be 
 viewed singly. 
 
 * Prof. Blunfs Sketch of the Reformation, p. 95. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 245 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 Fuller s Church History of Britain, 
 
 EYLYN had also said, " If the doc- 
 trines of WickHfFe must be called 
 the gospel, what shall become of the 
 rehgion then established in the realm 
 of England, and in most other parts 
 of the western world ?" To this Fuller answers, 
 " Far be it from me to account the rest of England 
 relapsed into atheism, or lapsed in Judaism, Turc- 
 ism, &c. whom I behold as erroneous Christians 
 in doctrine and practice, and yet still in such a con- 
 dition, that though so living and dying, if they lead 
 a good life, and being weak, ignorant, and seduced, 
 seriously repented of all their si^is of ignorance, 
 they might be saved ; closing fully with the mode- 
 rate judgment of learned Hooker therein." 
 
 Fuller, here alludes to the Sermon upon Justi- 
 fication, by some attributed to Hooker, by others 
 disputed. Such is the force of some passages herein, 
 that the internal evidence appears to favour the 
 more general belief, by which it is assigned to Hooker. 
 There is, however, a defect in the method, the sub- 
 
246 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 ject being treated (in a manner) twice over, within 
 the limits of the same discourse. There is, more- 
 over, a degree of warmth that savours, if not of a 
 personali yet of a local controversy ; such, indeed, 
 as is recorded to have taken place between Hooker 
 and Travers. 
 
 Fuller thus sums up the controversy. " Hooker 
 maintained, the church of Rome, though not a pure 
 and perfect, yet is a true church, so that such who 
 live and die therein, being weak, ignorant, and se- 
 duced, upon their repentance of all their sins of ig- 
 norance, may be saved. 
 
 " Travers defended ; the church of Rome is no 
 true church at all, so that such as live and die 
 therein, holding justification in part by works, can- 
 not be said by the Scriptures to be saved." * 
 
 To consider this most important subject in detail, 
 a subject of increasing interest in our day, we may 
 remark, that Hooker, in the discourse upon justifi- 
 cation attributed to him, sets out with maintaining 
 that " many are the partakers of the error, which 
 are not of the heresy of the church of Rome,f 
 yet that to all without exception plagues are due. 
 The pit is ordinarily the end as well of the guided 
 as of the guide in blindness." He, therefore, places 
 this limit to the hope he expresses respecting our 
 forefathers in those dark ages : " Our hope, there- 
 fore, of the fathers is, if they were not altogether 
 faithless and impenitent, that they are saved." He 
 proceeds with the affirmation of its being possible 
 
 B. ix. p. 216. t Of Justification, p. 246, ed. 1662. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 247 
 
 to hold great errors with the foundation ; applying 
 the comparison used by St. Paul in the third chap- 
 ter of his first Epistle to the Corinthians. " This 
 leads to the question, tchat is the foundation ? 
 The foundation is the mystery of godliness, God 
 manifested in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen 
 of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on 
 in the world, received up into glory ;" 1 Tim. iii. 16. 
 It is the confession of Nathaniel, " Thou art the 
 Son of the living God, thou art the King of Israel;" 
 *S'^. Jo/m, i. 49 : and of the inhabitants of Samaria, 
 " This is Christ, the Saviour of the world ;" St. 
 John, iv. 42. But our fathers in the church of 
 Rome, did not directly deny Christ crucified for the 
 salvation of the world. If the Romanists denied 
 the foundation by consequence, so do the Lutherans 
 in their tenet of consubstantiation, who yet have 
 been, according to Hooker, "the chiefest instru- 
 ments of our salvation." " So then," he concludes, 
 " Forasmuch, therefore, as it may be said of the 
 Church of Rome, she hath yet a Httle strength, she 
 doth not directly deny the foundation of Christianity, 
 I may, I trust without offence, persuade myself that 
 thousands of our fathers in former times, living and 
 dying vrithin her walls, have found mercy at the 
 hands of God." * 
 
 Now comes that to which Fuller alluded, as the 
 moderate judgment of learned Hooker. " What, 
 although they repented not of their errors, God 
 forbid that I should open my mouth to gainsay that 
 
 * P. 248. 
 
248 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 which Christ himself hath spoken ; * except ye re- 
 pent, ye shall all perish.' And if they did not re- 
 pent they perished. But withal note, that we have 
 the benefit of a double repentance : the least sin 
 which we commit in deed, thought, or word, is death 
 without repentance. Yet how many things do es- 
 cape us in every of these, which we do not know ! 
 How many which we do not observe to be sins ! 
 And without the knowledge, without the observa- 
 tion of sin, there is no actual repentance. It can- 
 not then be chosen, but that, for as many as hold 
 the foundation, and have all holden sins and errors 
 in hatred, the blessing of repentance for unknown 
 sins and errors is obtained at the hands of God, 
 through the gracious mediation of Jesus Christ, for 
 such suitors as cry with the prophet David, Purge 
 me, 0 Lord, from my secret sins" Hooker then 
 discusses the objection, that repentance without a 
 rightly informed and clear faith is nothing : " If ye 
 be circumcised, Christ shall profit you nothing." 
 Gal. V. 2. " Christ is become of no efi'ect unto 
 you, whosoever of you are justified by the law; ye 
 are fallen from grace." v. 4. In answer, he re- 
 marks, "how many were there amongst our fathers, 
 who, being seduced by the common error of that 
 church, never knew the meaning of her heresies; 
 so that, although all Popish heretics did perish, 
 thousands of them which lived in Popish supersti- 
 tions might be saved." In short, he admits that 
 some there were, ignorant of the great errors of 
 the church of Rome, respecting justification, and 
 others there were, who held only that in a general 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 249 
 
 form of words, which would admit of a more favour- 
 able interpretation. Thus, when speaking of the 
 mey^t of good works, they might intend to speak 
 not strictly, but according to the ancient use of 
 meriting for obtaining. Or again, he adds, " If in 
 the worst construction that may be made, they had 
 generally all embraced it living, might not many of 
 them dying, utterly renounce it?" 
 
 And here I might take up our more immediate 
 subject, having fully stated the mind both of Hooker 
 and Fuller ; but as Hooker has been appealed to in 
 our own time, and some have made the most of his 
 charity, who set httle by his faith, and such would 
 object, that all had not been set before the reader 
 which Hooker himself thought worthy of the hearer, 
 let us follow him to the end of his sermon, in which 
 have already occurred some passages upon justifi- 
 cation, not inferior to any thing in the writings of 
 the fathers, for which the reader is remitted to the 
 discoui'se itself. 
 
 Hooker resumes the subject under five heads : 
 first, what is the foundation of faith ? His answer 
 is, " salvation purchased by the death of Christ 
 secondly, what it is directly to deny the foundation ? 
 All infidels deny the foundation of faith directly ; 
 some Christian churches deny it indirectly, or by 
 consequence. Thirdly, " Whether they whom God 
 hath chosen to obtain the glory of our Lord Jesus 
 Christ, may, once efi'ectually called, and through 
 faith justified truly, afterwards fall so far as directly 
 to deny the foundation, which their hearts have 
 before embraced with joy and comfort in the Holy 
 
250 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Ghost; for such is the faith which indeed doth 
 justify." This Hooker answers in the negative; 
 for " if Christ the fountain of Ufe, may flit and leave 
 the habitation where once he dwelleth, what shall 
 become of his promise, lam with ^ijouto the world's 
 end f Accordingly, he affirms, that infidelity which 
 is an inward direct denial of the foundation, can 
 never be harboured by such as are once justified, 
 and that the Galatians, who were seduced by false 
 teachers. M ere yet owned by St. Paul as believers, 
 and reasoned with as those who would have shud- 
 dered at a direct denial of the foundation. And 
 here he confirms his own opinion by that of Bucer. 
 
 He now returns to the question, " Whether that 
 the doctrine of the Church of Rome concerning the 
 necessity of works unto salvation, be a direct denial 
 of our faith." 
 
 " I seek not to obtrude upon you any private 
 opinion of my own ; the best learned in our profes- 
 sion are of this judgment, that all the corruptions 
 of the Church of Rome do not prove her to deny 
 the foundation directly; if they did, they should 
 grant her simply to be no Christian church." " But, 
 I suppose," saith one, {Calvin^ Ep. 104,) "that in 
 the papacy some church remaineth, a church crazed, 
 or if you will, broken quite in pieces, forlorn, mis- 
 shapen, yet some church." His reason is this, 
 " Antichrist must sit in the temple of God." Shortly 
 after this. Hooker concludes, " So antichristianity 
 
 * Hooker thus applies this divine promise to individual 
 Christians. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 251 
 
 being the bane and plain overthrow of Christianity, 
 may, nevertheless, argue the church where anti- 
 christ sitteth, to be Christian." This " nevertheless" 
 is grounded on a foregoing comparison, that a man 
 out of his mind is still a man. 
 
 But, if the Romish doctrine of justification is 
 granted to be no direct denial of the foundation, 
 does it follow that the Romish communion is a 
 Christian church ? Is there no other way of deny- 
 ing the foundation directly, but by raising up a 
 false doctrine respecting justification ? Do not the 
 Scriptures make it of the foundation that God alone 
 is to be worshipped ? And does not the Romish 
 Church affirm positively, that God alone is not to 
 be worshipped ? Is not Prayer an essential part of 
 worship, and does not the Church of Rome affirm, 
 that they are impious who deny the doctrine of the 
 invocation of saints ? Surely, a church which denies 
 formally, that worship is due to God only, is some- 
 what more than crazed and misshapen. 
 
 But is there no other way by which a church can 
 cease to be a church, but by denying either the doc- 
 trine of the Trinity, or of our Redemption by Christ? 
 What then did the Church of England mean by de- 
 fining the visible church of Christ to be, one " in 
 which the sacraments are duly administered, accord- 
 ing to Christ's ordinance, in all those things that of 
 necessity are requisite to the same ?" But is the 
 cup in the Eucharist no essential part of it according 
 to Christ's ordinance? If then, the Church of 
 Rome, at the very best, has but half of one sacra- 
 ment, how can it answer to the conditions of the 
 
252 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 visible church of Christ ? Again, if the church of 
 Rome was a part of the visible church, however 
 maimed, how could the clergy set up a church 
 against a church ? How, but on the principle of 
 the Puritans, that a purer was to be preferred to a 
 less pure communion, without waiting for a refor- 
 mation proceeding from that communion ? 
 
 Philip de Mornay is also quoted by Hooker, af- 
 firming, that the life of the church of Rome " holdeth 
 by a thread;" then, saith Hooker, "yet still the 
 life of the church holdeth." Now life is life, and if 
 life, that is, salvation, is to be found in the church 
 of Rome, as a church, why should any be called 
 upon to leave it ? I believe that the modern Lauds 
 and Heylyns would echo " why ?" 
 
 Next, Zanchius is adduced, acknowledging the 
 church of Rome to be such a church as Israel under 
 Jeroboam. And what kind of a church was that ? 
 Who sanctioned either its calves or their ministers, 
 or in what sense were they a church of God, whom 
 God might call his, because he had a right over 
 them, but whose assemblies he never owned as a 
 church ; a position allowed, I believe, by the school 
 now self-styled the Via Media, who reckon the 
 Scotch kirk, to be in point of churchship, not supe- 
 rior to the church of Jeroboam. Hooker had, in 
 truth, entangled himself in a dispute of words when 
 he argued for the churchship of the Romanists; 
 but, holding as he did, that a wilful and consistent 
 Papist could not be saved, he did not much more 
 in the way of concession than his antagonist Tra- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 253 
 
 vers ; whilst so far as he did go, if he had Calvin 
 and Zanchius with him, he had not the church of 
 England, which, in charging Rome with mutilation 
 of the sacraments, denied her to be any part of the 
 visible church of Christ. With respect to the in- 
 consistency of Hooker, and those who follow him 
 herein, I have nothing to do. But whatever Hooker 
 was, he was not wiser than the framers of our own 
 articles, nor is his authority to be preferred to that 
 of the Church of England. 
 
 But why allow the validity of Romish baptism 
 if their's is no church ? Because the orders of the 
 minister are not of the essence of the sacraments ; 
 a doctrine allowed in Hooker's days (as may be 
 seen in Whitgift's Reply to Cartwright.) however 
 disputed in our own. 
 
 With respect to orders, the church of England 
 did not, in those days, deny or dispute the validity 
 of Presbyterian ordination. Knox, if he had any, 
 (a point not conceded by some who have carefully 
 investigated the question,) was allowed freely to 
 mmister in this country, and was venerated in his 
 function by Ridley himself. Travers was, after 
 such an ordination, Hcensed to exercise his ministry 
 in the Temple church, by the resolute and learned 
 Aylmer, Bishop of London. True it is, that Tra- 
 vers' ordination was afterwards objected to him by 
 Whitgift, but equally true it is, that this objection 
 was, on the part of W^hitgift, an innovation. Bishop 
 Cosin himself, has attested, that in his time, the 
 ordination of the French Protestant church was al- 
 
•254 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 lowed valid, and ordination never repeated when 
 any from that church was incorporated into and 
 preferred in our own.* 
 
 To return to Hooker. From endeavouring to 
 prove that the Romish communion is a church, he 
 proceeds with the subtle and practical 1 1/ useless 
 distinction, that the Romish doctrine of Justifica- 
 tion and of the merit of works, does indeed over- 
 throw the foundation of faith, but doth not directly 
 deny it. 
 
 In labouring this point, he affirms, that the adding 
 of works is not like the adding of circumcision unto 
 Christ. " Christ came not to abrogate and put away 
 good works : he did to change circumcision, for we 
 see that in place thereof he hath substituted holy 
 baptism. To say ye cannot be saved by Christ, ex- 
 cept ye be circumcised, is to add a thing excluded, 
 a thing not only not necessary to be kept, but ne- 
 cessary not to be kept by them that will be saved." 
 What then, did St. Paul maintain the utter unlaw- 
 fulness of circumcision, of new moons, and sabbaths, 
 or did the primitive church so judge, or did they 
 not rather condemn those who used them as essen- 
 tials, and forced them on others as such? But 
 Hooker, moreover, here seems to forget himself, 
 who would not have hesitated to call that an impious 
 work, which was done with a view to the meriting 
 by it an increase of grace, or remission of sins : so 
 that in this case, good works themselves and cir- 
 
 * Dr. Basire's Funeral Sermon for Bishop Cosin. Ap- 
 pendix, 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D. D. 255 
 
 cumcision are exactly parallel : that is, — if done as a 
 ground of justification, they become equally unac- 
 ceptable. 
 
 Then again, to little purpose does Hooker grant 
 to the Romanists, that they make Christ and his 
 merits the sole foundation of their own. Is it not 
 a contradiction in terms ? is it not a direct denial of 
 the sufficiency of the merits of Christ ? It is, in- 
 deed, an admission that his death is propitiatory, and 
 that his obedience is meritorious, but it is a direct 
 denial of the sufficiency of those merits, or, that he 
 is the only meritorious advocate and intercessor ; 
 and he who denies that " besides God there is no 
 Saviour," denies the foundation that God hath laid. 
 
 But mani/ virtuous and just men, many saints, 
 many martyrs, many ancient Fathers of the 
 Church, have hoped to make God some part of 
 amends for their sins hy the voluntary punish- 
 ments which they laid upon themselves ; and ivhat 
 shall become of these ? Such is the reasoning of 
 the judicious Hooker ! If a multitude of apparently 
 holy men, only agree to this or the other doctrine, 
 we must be the more charitable to it, be it what it 
 may; yea, let it be injurious to Christ; that is not 
 so much to be considered as whether it be injurious 
 to the holy men that held it. What kind of notion 
 is this ? But did these holy Fathers think to mako 
 God amends by their voluntary penances ? I hope 
 and believe not ; they fell into a system of bodilv 
 mortification, sometimes to excess, to testify their 
 indignation against their sins, and take awav the 
 sources of temptation ; but if their voluntary suffer- 
 
•256 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 ings were propitiatory, then both themselves and 
 their works were profane. 
 
 Thus much of the opinions adduced by Hooker, 
 respecting the claims of the Romish to be considered 
 a Christian church. 
 
 If the Church of Rome be guilty of idolatry, 
 then is it no more a Christian communion than Je- 
 rusalem could have been accounted a member of 
 the Jewish Church, whilst in the commission of 
 idolatry. The law was plain: Thou shalt surely 
 smite the inhabitants of that city with the edge of 
 the sword) destroying it utterly, Deut. xiii. 15. 
 Before it can be shewn that idolatry is compatible 
 with Christianity, it must be proved that idolatry is 
 a less sin now than formerly. 
 
 Bishop Davenant, as able a controversial divine 
 as the church of England ever produced, places 
 amongst the fundamental points as well the Deca- 
 logue as the Creed, and, in respect of the Deca- 
 logue, remarks : " Viderit itaque Romana ecclesia, 
 quae fundamenta Fidei Christianae sua potissimiim 
 opera gloriatur fuisse hactenus conservata, an in 
 fundamentalibus Decalogi non erraverit crasse et 
 damnabiliter ; ut de erroribus aliis nihil dicam."* 
 
 * Ad Fraternajn Communionem inter evangelicas Ecclesias 
 reataurandam Adhortatio, p. 98. Cantabr. 1640. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 257 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 JFuller's Church History of Britain. 
 
 EYLYN was not less inveterate 
 against the memory of Lord Cobham, 
 than of WickhfF. " Yet coming out 
 of WicklifF's schools, and the chief 
 scholar, questionless, which was 
 trained up in them, he must be registered for a 
 martyr in Fox his calendar." Fuller replies, " As 
 for Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, his case is 
 so perplexed with contrary relations, much may be 
 said against him, and little less in his behalf ; and 
 I have cause to believe indeed, that his innocence 
 wanted not clearness, but clearing." * Thus, also, 
 that impartial historian, Sir James Macintosh, who 
 clearly proves, that it was not as a traitor that this 
 pious nobleman was put to death ; remarking also, 
 that in that age, no man durst confute the accusa- 
 tions brought by the King and Parliament against 
 him.f 
 
 * The Appeal of Injured Innocence, Pt. II. p. 40. 
 t Hist^ of England, vol. i. pp. 357, 358. 
 
 S 
 
258 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Fuller, under the reign of Edward IV. after re- 
 cording the foundation of the Archbishopric of St. 
 Andrews, (taken out of the see of York,) remarks, 
 " Henceforward, no Archbishop of York meddled 
 more with church matters in Scotland, and happy 
 had it been if no Archbishop of Canterbury had 
 since interested himself therein ;" — an allusion to 
 Laud, to whom Fuller did ample justice, but of 
 whom he was no admirer. Heylyn taxed our author 
 with " raking the Archbishop out of his grave, and 
 arraigning him for many misdemeanors, of which 
 none could accuse him when he was alive." It will 
 not be deemed a false charge by any impartial per- 
 son, that Laud's zeal to conform Scotland to En- 
 gland in ecclesiastical discipline and in worship, 
 was no small aggravation of those heart-burnings, 
 which at last broke out into rebellion. Heylyn's 
 prejudices would not suffer him to adhere strictly 
 to truth. Whilst Fuller did not hesitate to censure 
 Laud in some things, he amply commended him in 
 others ; as, for his temperance in diet, purity in 
 conversation, simplicity in apparel, patronage of 
 learned men, and superiority to family considera- 
 tions in the disposal of his preferments, hatred of 
 covetousness, opposition to the corrupt practices of 
 courtiers, strict observance of the Lord's day in his 
 own person, moderation in pressing the Book of 
 Sports in his own diocese, great learning, and as 
 great zeal to recover the just possessions of the 
 church, both in England and Ireland: added to 
 this, his account of his death, when he was seen to 
 be of so cheerful a countenance, as one about rather 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.B. 259 
 
 to gain a crown than to lose his head. " Thus I 
 did write," says Fuller, " in his due praise, as much 
 as I durst, and though less than his friends ex- 
 pected, more than I am thanked for." * 
 
 Heylyn objected to him his brevity in the event- 
 ful period of the Reformation. To this, he replied, 
 that he had not proposed to repeat what had been 
 pubhshed by others, and that, therefore, what Fox 
 had performed so elaborately, he had touched upon 
 more sparingly. 
 
 Here I cannot withhold from the reader, our 
 church historian's brief and characteristic defence 
 of the English Reformation. 
 
 " Three things are essential to justify the En- 
 glish Reformation from the scandal of schism, to 
 shew that they had : 
 
 1 . Just cause for which ) 
 
 2. True authority by which J^'^^J^** 
 
 3. Due moderation in what ^ 
 
 " The first will plainly appear, if we consider the 
 abominable errors, which, contrary to scripture and 
 primitive practice were then crept into the Church of 
 Rome: as, the denying the cup to the laity; w^orship- 
 ping of images ; locking up the Scriptures in Latin ; 
 and performing prayers in an unknown tongue, with 
 the monstrosity of Transubstantiation ; inexcusable 
 practices. Besides, the Behemoth of the Pope's 
 infallibility, and the Leviathan of his universal 
 jurisdiction, so exclaimed against by Gregory the 
 Great, as a note of Antichrist. 
 
 * Appeal, Pt. III. p. 67. 
 
260 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 " Just cause of Reformation being thus proved, 
 proceed we to the authority by which it is to be 
 made. Here, we confess, the most regular way 
 was by order from a free and general council, but 
 here, alas, no hope thereof. General it could not 
 be, the Greeks not being in a capacity of repairing 
 thither ; nor free, such the Papal usurpation. For, 
 before men could try the truth, hand to hand, by 
 dint of scripture, (the sword and buckler thereof, 
 by God's appointment,) the Pope took off all his 
 adversaries at distance, with (those guns of helhsh 
 invention) his infallibility and universal jurisdiction ; 
 so that no approaching his presence to oppose him, 
 but with certainty of being precondemned. 
 
 " Now seeing the complaint of the conscientious 
 in all ages, against the errors of the Romish church, 
 met with no other entertainment than frowns and 
 frets, and afterwards fire and faggot, it came sea- 
 sonably into the minds of those who steered the 
 English nation, to make use of that power which 
 God had bestowed upon them. And seeing they 
 were a national church under the civil command of 
 one King, he, by the advice and consent of his 
 clergy in convocation and great council in Parlia- 
 ment, resolved to reform the church under his in- 
 spection, from gross abuses crept into it, leaving it 
 free to other churches either to follow his example, 
 or continue in their former condition : and on these 
 terms was the English Reformation advanced. 
 
 " But the Romanists object, that England being 
 first converted to Christianity by the zeal and care 
 of the Church of Rome, (when Pope Gregory the 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D, 261 
 
 Great sent Augustine over to preach here) cannot, 
 not only without great ingratitude but flat unduti- 
 fulness, depart from the church which first taught 
 it true rehgion. It is answered, first, this argument 
 reacheth not west of Severn into Wales, where the 
 ancient Britons, by general confession, were con- 
 verted before the time of Augustine. Secondly, 
 this first favour received from Rome, puts not on 
 England so strict and servile an obhgation of per- 
 petual continuance, that she may and must not 
 serve God without asking her leave. It ties En- 
 gland only to a fair and grateful respect, which she 
 always tendered, till the insolency of the Church of 
 Rome made ns unwilling to pay, and her unworthy 
 to receive it. 
 
 " Thirdly, some strength may be allowed to this 
 objection, if Rome could be proved the same in doc- 
 trine and discipline, when under the reign of King 
 Henry the Eighth England divided itself from it, 
 with Rome, when in the time of Gregory the Great 
 it was converted by God's blessing on his endea- 
 vours. But since that time, the Church of Rome 
 hath been much corrupted in opinions and practice ; 
 easy to prove, but that it is not the set work of our 
 history. 
 
 " But again, the Papists object, that the most 
 judicious Protestants do ingenuously confess, that 
 the Church of Rome maintaineth all the funda- 
 mentals of religion : England, therefore, cannot be 
 excused from schism for dividing from that church, 
 which, by their own confession, still retaineth the 
 true foundation of Christianity. 
 
2G2 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 " It is answered ; if some Protestants be so civil 
 in their censures on Papists, it appears thereby, 
 though they have left Rome, they have not lost 
 their courtesy, nor their charity. But grant, (which 
 is disputable) the errors of the Church of Rome 
 not fundamental, they are circa-fundaraental, grating 
 on the very foundation. Besides, we are bound to 
 avoid, not only what is deadly, but what is hurtful ; 
 not only what may destroy the lije, but what may 
 prejudice the health of our souls. 
 
 " But our adversaries persist to object, that our 
 Reformation took its rise from King Henry's pride 
 to pluck down a power which crossed his designs ; 
 from his covetousness to compass the revenues of 
 abbies ; and from his wantonness to exchange his 
 old embracings for new ones. Well, therefore, may 
 the English blush at the babe, when they behold 
 its parents, and be ashamed of their Reformation, 
 considering the vicious extraction thereof. 
 
 " Malice may load the memory of King Henry 
 about his demerit : yet grant the charge true, that 
 bad inchnations first moved him to the Reformation, 
 vet he acted therein nothing but conformable to 
 the law divine and human. It is usual with God's 
 wisdom and goodness, to suffer vice to sound the 
 first alarum to that fight, wherein virtue is to have 
 the victory. Besides, King Henry's Reformation 
 hath since been reformed by successive princes of 
 England, who cannot justly be taxed with any vi- 
 cious reflection therein. 
 
 " It remaineth that we take notice of the mode- 
 ration of the Reformers, who, being acted not with 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D. D. 263 
 
 an opposition to all which the Papists practised, but 
 with an affection to truth, disclaimed only the ulcers 
 and sores, not what was sound of the Romish 
 church ; retaining still what was consonant to an- 
 tiquity in the four first General Councils. 
 
 " Matters thus ordered, had the Romanists been 
 pleased to join with us, there had been no com- 
 plaining of schism, either in their streets or ours. 
 But such their pride and peevishness, to persist ob- 
 stinate, to this day incense many people (who listen 
 more to the loudness than weigh the justness of 
 complaints), accusing us of wilful separation ; but, 
 the premises well considered, England may say to 
 Rome, Phai'ez, * the breach be upon thee, who 
 (with Athaliah, crying treason, treason,-\ being her- 
 self the prime traitor) taxeth us with schism, when 
 she is the only schismatic." I 
 
 Fuller represents Cranmer as guilty of cow^ardice 
 and dissimulation in the trial of Lambert, affirming 
 that he aro-ued on that occasion " ag'ainst his own 
 private judgment." § It has been conceived on the 
 other hand, that Cranmer was at this time of his 
 earlier opinion upon the Real Presence. \\ 
 
 Our author, had he lived in these times, would 
 have been numbered by our modern philosophers 
 with the ^bigoted pseudo-philanthropists who are 
 blind to their wisdom ; wisdom, which being of the 
 worldly kind, and looking upon all legislation as 
 
 * Gen. xxxviii. 29. t 2 Kings x\. 14. 
 
 X B. V. pp. 194, 195. $ P. 229. 
 
 Ij Blunt' & Sketch of the Reformation, p. 207. 
 
264 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 the mere handmaid of covetousness, will rather that 
 the innocent poor suffer wrongfully, than the un- 
 deserving poor escape due correction. In his His- 
 tory ofAbhies, our more Christian philosopher ob- 
 serves, " Better it is two drones should be fed, than 
 one bee famished. We see the heavens themselves, 
 in dispensing their rain, often water many stinking 
 bogs and noisome lakes, which moisture is not 
 needed by them (yea, they are the worse for it), 
 only because much good ground lies inseparably 
 intermingled with them ; so that, either the bad 
 with the good must be watered, or the good with 
 the bad must be parched away." 
 
 May we of the clergy, at least, never forget " the 
 poor is a continual order in the church, by the words 
 of our Saviour, ' The poor ye have always with 
 you.' " * 
 
 Professor Blunt, in his " Sketch of the Refor- 
 mation^ notices the unfavourable complexion our 
 author's antagonist, Heylyn, gives to King Edward's 
 reign in general, and the " unfair, though self-con- 
 tradictory terms, in which he speaks of his indivi- 
 dual character." He observes, " Indeed so strangely 
 is he at variance with himself on this subject, that 
 he might almost be thought to have written for one 
 set of readers, and revised for another." -f- 
 
 FuUer thus candidly concludes his account of the 
 
 * P. 358. So, iQ his WoriKiei, he defends the building 
 of Almshouses, attacked by the Blaithusians of his day, " It 
 is better," lie says, " that ten drones be fed than one bee 
 famished." 
 
 t Pp. 244, 245. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 265 
 
 dissensions of the exiles in Queen [Mary's reign : 
 " Only let me add that this whole story of their 
 discords, with the causes and the circumstances 
 thereof, is taken out of the Troubles o f Frankfort, 
 a book composed in favour of the opposers of the 
 English discipline ; and when the writer is all for 
 the plaintiff the discreet reader will not only be an 
 impartial judge, but also somewhat of an advocate 
 for the defendant.'' 
 
 Heylyn was either criminally careless, or still 
 more criminally malevolent, when he charged upon 
 our historian, this indirect animadversion upon the 
 Homilies, that " if they did little good, they did 
 little harm." These words were written, not of 
 the Homilies,, but of the unlearned preachers for 
 whose use those admirable volumes were composed ; 
 the whole passage is as follows. " They are penned 
 in a plain style, accommodated to the capacities of 
 the hearers, (being loth to say, of the readers) the 
 ministers also being very simple in that age. Yet 
 if they did little good, in this respect they did no 
 harm, that they preached not strange doctrines to 
 their people, as too many vent neiv darknesses in 
 our days. For they had no power to broach 
 opinions, who were only employed to deliver that 
 liquor to them which they had received from the 
 hands of others better skilled in religion than them- 
 selves." 
 
 " Well had it been," (adds Fuller,) for the peace 
 and happiness of the church, if the Animadvertor 
 
 B. viii. p. 3j. 
 
266 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 (and all of his party) had had as high an esteem as 
 the Author hath, for the Homilies ; if none of them 
 had called them homely Homilies (as one did), 
 and if they had conformed their practice to the 
 second Homily of the second Book, and not ap- 
 peared so forward in countenancing- images of God 
 and his saints in churches." * Fuller had spoken 
 to the same effect in his Church-History, so that 
 Heylyn must have been more ready to gratify his 
 ill'Will, than to do justice to the truth, when he thus 
 placed his own faults to Fuller's account. " Some," 
 says the latter in his Church-History, " behold 
 these Homilies as not sufficiently legitimated by 
 this Article," (xlrt.So,) "to be (for their doctrine) 
 the undoubted issue of the Church of England, 
 alleging them composed by private men of un- 
 known names, who may probably be presumed at 
 the best, but the chaplains of the Archbishops under 
 whom they were made. Hence it is that some have 
 termed them liomely Homilies, others a popular 
 discourse, ^ on a doctrine useful for those times 
 wherein they were set forth. I confess what is 
 necessary in one age may be less needful in another, 
 but what in one age is godly and wholesome doctrine, 
 (characters of commendation given by the afore- 
 said Article to the Homilies,) cannot in another 
 age be ungodly and unhealthful ; as if our faith did 
 follow fashions, and truth alter with the times, like 
 Achitophel his counsel, though good in itself, yet 
 
 * Appeal, Pt. II. p. 87. 
 
 t Biihop Montague in his Appello Cccsarem. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 26T 
 
 not at some seasons. (2 Sam.xvu.) But some are 
 concerned to decry their credits as much contrary 
 to their jud^ent, more to their practice ; especially 
 seeing the second homily in the second book stands 
 with a sponge in one hand to wipe out all pictures, 
 and a hammer in the other to beat down all images 
 of God and saints erected in churches. And there- 
 fore, such use these homilies as an upper garment, 
 girting them close unto, or casting them from them 
 at pleasure, allowing and alleging them when con- 
 senting, denying and disclaiming them when oppo- 
 site to their practice or opinions." 
 
 Thus Bishop Jebb, to blunt the edge of the 
 eleventh Article, asserts that the Homily there 
 referred to, is referred to not for any doctrinal pur- 
 pose, but " as an instructive practical sermon." * 
 We may ask, why were not other Homilies simi- 
 larly referred to under those other Articles which 
 treated of the same topics with them ; for instance, 
 of the scriptures, and of the sacraments ? 
 
 So Mr. Newman, by way of making up, (perad- 
 venture) for his systematic attack upon the doctrine 
 of Justification taught in the Homihes, sets before 
 the readers in that most disingenuous of all modern 
 treatises the Ninetieth Tract fir the Times, such 
 passages in the Homilies as are more congenial to 
 his taste. 
 
 Fuller has been charged with favouring both the 
 Puritans and Puritanism. To the Puritans he was 
 indeed a fair historian, not passing over in silence 
 
 * Bishop Jebb's Practical Theology, vol. ii. p. 291. 
 
268 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 the more moderate of that party, amongst whom 
 were not a few who were the ornaments of their 
 generation, and as opposed to a formal separation 
 from the Church of England, as those who tempted 
 them to become separatists by their indiscreet zeal 
 against them. But it has been said that Fuller 
 passed over the merits of the Conformists, whilst 
 he seemed to take a pleasure in holding up to view 
 the piety of the Puritans. Let us see then his own 
 portraits of the most zealous of the conforming 
 clergy. 
 
 Alluding to the Nonconformists, he writes, " The 
 death of Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury, added much to their increase. He was a 
 Parker indeed, careful to keep the fences, and shut 
 the gates of discipline against all such night-stealers 
 as would invade the same. No wonder then, if 
 the tongues and pens of many were whetted against 
 him, whose complaints are beheld by discreet men 
 like the exclamations of truantly scholars against 
 their master's severity, correcting them for their 
 faults. This Archbishop was an excellent antiquary 
 (without any anticness) a great benefactor to Benet 
 College, in Cambridge, on which he bestowed many 
 manuscripts, so that that hbrary (for a private one) 
 was the sim of English antiquity in those days, 
 though now no more than the moon, since that of Sir 
 Robert Cotton's is risen up."^- He then proceeds 
 to answer Prynne's detractions from this prelate's 
 memory. 
 
 * B. ix. p. 108. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 269 
 
 Grindal, Fuller justly calls "a prelate most primi- 
 tive in all his conversation." * He was indeed no 
 courtier ; he was a prelate of the primitive age, 
 fearless of the most imperious of princes. Whitgift 
 he hesitates not to characterize as " one of the wor- 
 thiest men that ever the English Hierarchy did en- 
 joy." f Him also he vindicates, and that copiously, 
 from Prynne's invectives. 
 
 He does not go so far in his commendation of 
 Bancroft; but not to withhold from him his due, 
 relates how, notwithstanding his severity toward 
 the Nonconformists, he thus fraternally healed the 
 wounds of his own sword. " An honest and able 
 minister privately protested unto him, that it was 
 against his conscience to conform, being then ready 
 to be deprived : Which way, saith the Archbishop, 
 will you live if put out of your benefice ? The 
 other answered, He had no way hut to go a beg- 
 ging and to put himself on divine 2^'i'ovidence. 
 Not that, saith the Archbishop, you shall not need 
 to do, but come to one, and I ivill take order for 
 your maintenance. What impression this made 
 on the minister's judgment," adds Fuller, " I am 
 not able to report." J 
 
 Of Archbishop Sandys (no favourer of Puri- 
 tanism) he thus speaks, " An excellent and painful 
 preacher, and of a pious and godly life, which in- 
 creased in his old age, so that by a great and good 
 stride, whilst he had one foot in the grave, he had 
 the other in heaven. § 
 
 * B. ix. p. 108. t B. X. p. 25. X B. x. p. 57. 
 $ B. ix. p, 197. 
 
270 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Bishop Bilson — " A deep and profound scholar, 
 excellently well read in the Fathers, principally 
 shewed in his Defence of Christ his Descent into 
 Helir * 
 
 Fuller admits that he did not decline commending 
 some of the Nonconformists, as Cartwright, Travers, 
 Stone, Udal, Greenham, Hildersham and Dod, "all, 
 (though dissenting from the church in ceremonies) 
 eminent in their generations. I commend them 
 not for their nonconformity, but other qualities of 
 piety, painfulness, learning, patience," &c. -j- 
 
 Heylyn reflected upon our author, because he 
 had inserted into his pages the sarcastic epigram of 
 Andrew Melville on the chapel-ornaments, but 
 Fuller had subjoined the following; "Mr. George 
 Herbert, of Trinity College, in Cambridge, made a 
 most ingenious retortion of this hexastich, which 
 as yet all my industry cannot recover. Yet it much 
 contenteth me, that I am certainly informed that 
 the posthume remains (shavings of gold are care- 
 fully to be kept) of that not less pious, than witty 
 writer, are shortly to be put forth into print." J 
 
 But nothing was too slanderous for the pen of 
 Heylyn. He charged Fuller in the most direct 
 manner with vindicating Martin-Marprelate and 
 other libellous writings of the more violent Puri- 
 tans. 
 
 Dr. Heylyn. " Our author proceeds, fol. 193. 
 ' Wits will be working, and such as have a satirical 
 vein cannot better vent it than in lashing of sin.' 
 
 * B. X. p. 71. t The Appeal, Pt. I. p. 46. 
 
 ^ B. x.p.70. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 271 
 
 This spoken in defence of those scurrilous libels 
 which Job Throgmorton, Penr}-, Fenner, and the 
 rest of the Puritan rabble published in print against 
 the Bishops, anno 1588, thereby to render them 
 ridiculous both abroad and at home." 
 
 The whole passage is as follows : " Some precise 
 men of that side thought these jeering pens well 
 employed. For having formerly, as they say, tried 
 all serious and sober means to reclaim the Bishops, 
 which hitherto proved ineffectual, they thought it 
 not amiss to try this new way, that whom they 
 could not in earnest make odious, in sport they 
 might render ridiculous. Wits will be working, 
 and such as have a satirical vein, cannot better vent 
 it than in lashing of sin. Besides, they wanted not 
 a warrant (as they conceived) in Holy Writ ; where 
 it was no solaecism to the gravity of Eliah to mock 
 Baal's priests out of their superstition ; chiefly, this 
 was conceived would drive on their design, strengthen 
 their party by working on the people's affections, 
 which were marvellously taken with the reading 
 thereof. 
 
 " But the more discreet and devout sort of men, 
 even of such as were no great friends to the hier- 
 archy, upon solemn debate then resolved, (I speak 
 on certain knowledge from the mouths of such 
 whom I must believe) that for many foul falsehoods 
 therein suggested, such books were altogether un- 
 beseeming a pious spirit, to print, publish, or with 
 pleasure peruse ; which, supposed true both in mat- 
 ter and measure, charity would rather conceal than 
 discover. The best of men being so conscious of 
 
272 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 their own badness, that they are more careful to 
 wash their own faces, than busy to throw dirt on 
 others. Any man may be busy in a biting way, 
 and those that have the dullest brains have com- 
 monly the sharpest teeth to that purpose."* 
 
 In the same groundless and disgraceful manner 
 Heylyn charged our author with being an extremist 
 in regard of the Sabbath, f Heylyn was indeed an 
 extreme anti-sabbatarian, reckoning (in his Life of 
 Laud) the strict observance of the Lord's Day as 
 one of the leading causes of the distractions of the 
 reign of Charles. 
 
 * B.ix.p. 193. 
 
 t The Appeal, Pt. II. p. 92. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 273 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 The Church- History of Britain. 
 
 E come now to the reigns of James 
 and Charles the First. In regard of 
 that of James, Heylyn charged Ful- 
 ler with uncharitableness toward the 
 memory of Mark Antony de Domi- 
 
 nis. Let the reader of that very remarkable per- 
 son's history judge for himself whether the truth 
 lay not here again on the side of our author ? That 
 prelate who asked for York, was it not likely, as Ful- 
 ler saith, that he secretly promised himself Canter- 
 bury.* 
 
 Fuller had recorded the panic occasioned by the 
 unhappy policy of King James, in endeavouring to 
 ally the Prince with the Infanta of Spain ; Heylyn's 
 veneration for the Roman Communion would not 
 pass over this indication of true Protestant feeling 
 in silence. " Ten thousand persons of quality," 
 replies Fuller, "are still ahve, who can and will 
 attest, that a panic fear for that match invaded the 
 nation." f 
 
 * Apjpeal, Pt. II. p. 100. 
 
 T 
 
 t Ibid. 
 
274 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Heylyn, in his Life of Laud, t o instance the dis- 
 loyalty of the Puritans, tells that on a birth in the 
 royal family, they stood aloof from the rejoicings, 
 saying that they looked toward the Bohemian 
 branch, that branch which now flourishes, whilst 
 divine providence has swept away the Stuarts from 
 the throne of this kingdom. Thus the Puritans 
 were true prophets ; they knew that a family which 
 had united itself to an idolatrous interest was not 
 in the way of blessing ; they knew better than their 
 opponents the essential evils, the spiritual mystery 
 of Romanism ; I speak of the rightminded amongst 
 them ; of men, who, like Dr. Sibbes, were far better 
 judges in such questions than Laud or than Jeremy 
 Taylor. 
 
 In the reign of Charles, the first point of impor- 
 tance that gave rise to animadversion on the part 
 of Heylyn was the moderation of Bishop Andrewes. 
 " This," says Fuller, " was the constant practice of 
 Dr. Andrewes, successively Bishop of Chichester, 
 Ely, and Winchester, who never urged any other 
 ceremonies than those which he found there. Now 
 whereas the Animadverto7^ saith, that if this should 
 he true, he is not able to commend it in him ; the 
 matter is not much, seeing the actions of Bishop 
 Andrewes are able to commend themselves." Hey- 
 lyn suspected Fuller of passing here an indirect 
 censure upon Laud. Fuller denies that this was 
 his intention, but admits that he had another prelate 
 in his eye, related to Bishop Andrewes. He pro- 
 bably designed Wren, whom Bishop Andrewes 
 early patronized, and who certainly could lay no 
 claim to any of his patron's moderation. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 275 
 
 In March 1640, certain divines were appointed 
 to prepare an account of such ecclesiastical and 
 other topics relating to the church, as might be 
 subjected to regulation with a view to the peace 
 and good order of the church. " First," says our 
 author, " they took the innovations of doctrine into 
 consideration, and here some complained, that all 
 the tenets of the Council of Trent had (by one or 
 other) been preached and printed, abating only 
 such points of state-popery against the King's su- 
 premacy made treason by the statute. Good works 
 made co-causes with faith, by justification ; private 
 confession, by particular enumeration of sins, need- 
 ful necessitate medii (i. e. as means indispensable) 
 to salvation; that the oblation (or as others, the 
 consumption) of the elements in the Lord's supper, 
 holdeth the nature of a true sacrifice ; prayers for 
 the dead ; lawfulness of monastic vows ; the gross 
 substance of Arminianism, and some dangerous 
 points of Socinianism. 
 
 " Secondly, they inquired into praeter-canonical 
 conformity, and innovations in discipline : advancing 
 candlesticks in parochial churches in the day-time, 
 on the altar so called: making canopies over, with 
 traverses of curtains (in imitation of the veil before 
 the Holy of Holies) on each side, and before it, 
 having a credentia, or side-table, as a chapel of 
 ease to the mother-altar for divers uses in the 
 Lord's supper : forbidding a direct prayer before 
 sermon, and ministers to expound the catechism at 
 large to their parishioners ; carrying children (when 
 baptized) to the altar, so called, and there ofi'ering 
 them up to God, pretending for some of these in- 
 
276 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 novations, the injunctions and advertisements of 
 Queen Elizabeth, which are not in force, and ap- 
 pertaining- to the printed liturgy in the second and 
 third of Edward VI. which is reformed by Parlia- 
 ment." 
 
 These conferences came to nothing, for there was 
 a party already sufficiently powerful to destroy the 
 episcopal government and liturgical worship ; a 
 party that had no thought of reformation, but of 
 revolution. Fuller was confessedly opposed to the 
 above specified innovations in doctrine and cere- 
 monies. He maintained that the party of Laud 
 had contended for ceremonies enjoined by no canons, 
 and would Heylyn have been satisfied with merely 
 canonical ceremonies ? Bishop Sparrow confesses 
 that for the side-table there was no authority. 
 Treating- of the Rubric that stands before " The 
 Order for Morning Prayer," " ^4nd the Chancels 
 shall remain as they have done in time past,'' and 
 enumerating the ancient appendices of the chancel, 
 he writes : " These several places, and this furni- 
 ture some principal and Cathedral chancels had ; 
 which I have named, not that I think this Rubric 
 does require them all in every Chancel, but because 
 I conceive the knowledge of them may serve to help 
 us in the understanding of some ancient canons and 
 ecclesiastical story." * 
 
 Fuller was of opinion that the warm disputes 
 respecting the position of the communion-table 
 
 • Rationale of the Book of Common Prayer, p. 306, Oxford, 
 1830. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 277 
 
 were not agreeable to the spirit of Christianity. 
 Did the apostles force an uniformity in ceremonials 
 upon all churches Was there not a variety of 
 usages in the primitive church ? Would it not have 
 been wiser, more peaceable, and more Christian-like 
 in the English Augustine to have suffered the 
 British without disputing their custom of keeping 
 Easter ? And if so, why should an exact unifor- 
 mity in externals be deemed essential to Christian 
 order and union ? Thus Fuller touching upon the 
 heats respecting the placing of the holy table, had 
 observed in his Church History, " If moderate men 
 had had the managing of these matters about the 
 posture of the Lord's board (call it table or altar), 
 the accommodation had been easy with a little con- 
 descension on both sides." In his Appeal he adds, 
 " I said it, and say it again, and any who have 
 honesty and learning, (the Animadvertor only ex- 
 cepted) will say so too ; that those diflferences were 
 easily capable of accommodations with a little con- 
 descension on both sides. It will not be long before 
 the Animadvertor will tell us, that the controver- 
 sies betwixt us and the Church of Rome (consisting 
 most, as he saith, in superstructures) may be com- 
 promised : a?id if (to use his own words) the petu- 
 lancy of the Puritans on the one side, and the 
 pragmaticalness of the Jesuits on the other side, 
 were charmed awhile, moderate men might possibly 
 have agreed upon equal terms" 
 
 " Now this seemeth a strange thing to me, that 
 moderation may make Protestants agree with Pa- 
 pists in matters doctrinal, and cannot make Pro- 
 
278 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 testants agree with Protestants in matters ceremo" 
 nial. Being the same plaister, why hath it not 
 equal virtue ; especially the latter being the lesser 
 wound? Can the difference of tran substantiation 
 be taken up betwixt us and the Papists, and not the 
 setting of the Communion-Table betwixt ourselves ? 
 Can a crack be closed in a jewel, and a rent not 
 mended in the case? These things, I confess, 
 transcend my apprehension."* 
 
 Heylyn thus speaks of Davenport, (lately imi- 
 tated in the 90th Tract for the Times.) " It ap- 
 pears" (i. e. that all these in the church of Rome 
 are not so stiffly wedded to their own opinions as 
 our author [Fuller] makes them;) " secondly, by 
 a tractate of Franciscus de Sancta Clara (as he 
 calleth himself) in which he putteth such a gloss 
 upon the nine-and-thirty articles of the Church of 
 England, as rendereth them not inconsistent with 
 the doctrines of the Church of Rome :" of this 
 Fuller observes : "By that parenthesis \_as he calleth 
 himself 2 ^^^^ suspicious, that his true name 
 was otherwise. And he who would not use his 
 own, but a false namey might, (for ought I know) 
 put a false gloss upon our Articles ; and, though 
 he putteth such a sense upon them, it is question- 
 able whether our Articles will accept thereof/'f 
 
 Most true and memorable are these words of our 
 author : " The Animadvertor discovers himself as 
 little statesman as divine, in advising the Church 
 
 * The Appeal, Pt. III. pp. 17, 18. 
 t Appeal, Pt. III. p. 65, 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D, 
 
 279 
 
 of England, by making foes of her friends, to make 
 friends of her foes ; by incurring the enmity of fo- 
 reign Protestants, thereby to procure the amity of 
 Papists."* 
 
 Much more I once purposed to add to these no- 
 tices of the controversy between Heylyn and Ful- 
 ler, and to other topics in connection with the 
 Church History, but to notice all that might be 
 commented upon in so wide a field, would distract 
 by unavoidable difFuseness, and would not be equally 
 acceptable to all readers, even of an ecclesiastical 
 kind. 
 
 To the Church History, Fuller appended his 
 Histories of his Parish of Waltham, and of the 
 University of Cambridge. The latter is not with- 
 out many imperfections. But a work of very con- 
 siderable research is now in progress, having for its 
 object, to do justice to this much neglected depart- 
 ment of our national literature.f 
 
 All these were put forth by the liberality of Dr. 
 Fuller's numerous acquaintance. Besides such as 
 have been mentioned elsewhere, may be reckoned 
 Douse Fuller, Esq. of Hampshire, probably akin to 
 our author ; Sir Simon Archer of Tamworth, J to 
 w^hom he was indebted for a MS. Roll of Battle Ab- 
 bey; Sir John Wyrley§ of Wyrley Hall, Stafford- 
 
 * P. 66. t By Mr. Cooper of Cambridge. 
 
 X Sheriff of Warwickshire in the 2ad year of Charles I. 
 He married Anne, one of the three daughters of John Fer- 
 rars of Tamworth, Esq. 
 
 § Of Hampstead in 1659. 
 
280 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 shire, (educated in the University of Oxford); 
 Clement Throckmorton,* the elder, Esq. of Horsely, 
 in Warwickshire; John Ferrars, Esq. of Tam- 
 worth Mr. Thomas James of Buntingford, Hert- 
 fordshire, (related to the family of Fitzjames of 
 Leweston, Dorset); Sir Richard Shuckburgh of 
 Shuckburgh, Warwickshire ;J Clifford Clifton, Esq. 
 (so called from Clifton, in Nottinghamshire, and 
 of the same family with Sir Gervaise Clifton); 
 Ralph Sadler of Standon, Esq.§ and Anne, his vir- 
 tuous consort; the Lady Mary Fountain;]] Tho. 
 Trevor, jun. of Enfield, Middlesex, (created a ba- 
 ronet in 1641, and made a Knight of the Bath 
 1660 ;^*) Thomas Docwra, Esq. of Bedfordshire ; 
 Charles Cheney, Esq. son of Sir Francis Cheney, 
 Knt. and Sheriff of Buckinghamshire, about 1 659 ;-|- -f 
 
 * Of a family that suffered most severely for their adhe- 
 rence to Charles I. 
 
 t Son of Sir Humphrey Ferrars, Knt. He was bom in 
 1629, was M. P. for Derbyshire 1660. He married Anne, 
 daughter of Sir Dudley Carleton. 
 
 ^ M. P. for Warwickshire 1641. He served valiantly 
 under his royal master King Charles, and afterward suffered 
 greatly in his estate. He died June 13, 1656. His eldest 
 son. Sir John, was created a baronet in June 1660. 
 
 § Of his grandfather, who died in 1587, Fuller gives a 
 brief memoir in his Worthies, under the county of Middlesex, 
 
 II Query of Melton, near Doncaster ? 
 
 ** He married Anne, daughter of Robert Jenner, Esq. of 
 London, and secondly, Mary, daughter of Samuel Hortrey, 
 Esq, of Kew, and died without issue 1676. 
 
 tt Fuller forgets not to commend the virtues of his lady, 
 Jane, daughter to the truly noble William, Marquess of New- 
 castle. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 281 
 
 Daniel Harvey, Esq. High Sheriflf of Surrey, 1655 ; 
 Elias Ashmole, the antiquary ; Edward Lloyd, Esq. 
 probably related to the Lloyds of Yale, in Den- 
 bighshire ;* Thomas Shuckburgh, Esq. of Bryden- 
 bury, Warwickshire ; John Carey of Stanstead, 
 Hertfordshire, Esq. ; Henry Puckering Newton, son 
 and heir to Sir Henry P. Newton, Bart.; Roger 
 Price, Esq. High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire ; and 
 the Lady Eleanor Roe, rehct to the Hon. Sir Tho- 
 mas Roe. 
 
 * See Burke's Extinct Baronetage. 
 
282 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 From 1656 to the Restoration. 
 
 E may now conceive that Fuller after 
 bringing to a close his principal work, 
 had in his hands the materials for 
 his " Worthies," a work upon which 
 he appears to have set his heart, but 
 
 which he was not permitted himself to publish. 
 
 The only fruit of his industry that appeared in 
 1656, was a little volume comprising three dis- 
 courses, one preached upon November 5, 1653, 
 and already noticed under that year ; another, en- 
 titled The Worst of Evils, Ephes. ii. 3, upon sin, 
 and chiefly of original sin ; and a third. Strange 
 Justice, an assize sermon from Judges xix. 30. In 
 that entitled The Worst of Evils, he, in his own 
 inimitable manner, exposes the futility of Bellar- 
 mine's defence of the Romish doctrine, that Origi- 
 nal Sin is but the privation of Adam's righteousness, 
 without the depravation of our nature. Bellarmine 
 would have it supposed, that Adam was created with 
 a reluctancy and rebellion of the inferior powers of 
 the soul against the superior faculties thereof ; nay, 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 283 
 
 that he could not, as a creature compounded of 
 matter, have been made more perfect. " Thus 
 they go about," says Fuller, " to make (as I may 
 say) some corruption in Adam in his state of in- 
 tegrity, that they may make way for some integrity 
 in the sons of Adam after their corruption." 
 
 He concludes in this manner, " Thus every day 
 we sin, and sorrow after our sin, and sin after our 
 sorrow, and do what we would not, and the wind of 
 God's Spirit bloweth us one way, and the tide of our 
 corruption hurrieth us another. Those things he 
 that seeth not in himself is sottish-blind ; he that 
 seeth and confesseth not, is damnably proud ; he 
 that confesseth and bewaileth not, is desperately 
 profane ; he that bewaileth and fighteth not against 
 is unprofitably pensive ; but he that in some weak 
 manner doth all these, is a saint in reversion, and 
 shall be one in possession hereafter." 
 
 In the third of these discourses, he thus characteris- 
 tically describes the so called Via Media of our age, 
 and the Heylyns of his own : " How many be there 
 which have learning too much to be Papists, and 
 yet rehgion too little to be good Protestants. They 
 are loth to say that Luther is in the right, and they 
 are loth to say that Bellarmine is in the wrong." 
 
 These sermons were, in 1657, followed by four 
 more, together with notes upon Jonah.* To these 
 was prefixed an indifferent portrait of the author. 
 The first of these discourses, entitled, " The best 
 
 • Dedicated to his friends at St. Bridget's (commonly) 
 Bride's parish, in London. 
 
284 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 employment,'' from Acts x. 38, " Who went about 
 doing good,'' is a perfect specimen of the author's 
 ingenuity. But it may be doubted whether there 
 is not too great a variety of subjects for one dis- 
 course, a fault common to that age, of which the 
 sermons abounded as much in ideas as those of our 
 own age do in words. The second entitled, " A 
 giftfo7' God alo7ie," is from Proi;.xxiii. 26; My 
 son give me thine heart," The third, on *S'^. Pe- 
 ter^s Repentance, entitled " The True Penitent" 
 is amongst the best of his discourses. By this ser- 
 mon, it appears, that vice and infidelity though 
 heightened by the profligacy of the second Charles, 
 antedated his Restoration. " Take heed ; atheism 
 knocks at the door of the hearts of all men, and 
 where luxury is the porter, it will be let in. Let 
 not the multiplicity of so many religions as are now 
 on foot, make you careless to have any, but careful 
 to have the best." 
 
 The sermon entitled " The best Act of Oblivion," 
 Ps. XXV. 7, Remember not Lord the si7is of my 
 youth, is a plain and earnest discourse against the 
 sins of youth, pride, prodigality, rashness, disobedi- 
 ence to parents, and impurity. Admirable is the 
 remainder of this volume, which consists of Notes 
 upon Jonah, extending, however, only to the end of 
 the seventh verse of the first chapter. 
 
 He observes how oppression was the great and 
 crying sin of Nineveh. Nahum, iii. 1. Fuller had 
 experienced the evils of oppression, oppression which 
 the stronger party always seek to justify beneath 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 285 
 
 the cloak of law. Some, indeed, would have the 
 world deceived into the opinion, that law and equity- 
 are of necessity one and the same ; a doctrine fit 
 for infidels and atheists. Christianity, by infusing 
 equity into the spirit of legislation, seeks to main- 
 tain law. The selfish theory, that would exalt wealth 
 as the idol of legislation, tends directly to the dis- 
 solution of all government, and to destroy all affec- 
 tion for the laws, by making them solely subser- 
 vient to the interests of the few. 
 
 In the course of this year, Fuller preached and 
 published a Funeral Sermon, delivered at St. Cle- 
 ment Danes, at the funeral of Mr. George Hey- 
 cock. Here he drew^ the character of David (his text 
 being, For David after he had served his own gene- 
 ration, after the ivill of God, fell asleep.) After 
 animadverting upon those who served not their ge- 
 neration, he observed : " But now that my sword 
 may cut on both sides, as hitherto we have confuted 
 such who are faulty in their defect, and will not 
 serve their generation ; so others offend in the ex- 
 cess, not being only servants, but slaves and vassals 
 to the age they live in ; prostituting their con- 
 sciences to do any thing (how unjust soever) to be 
 a favourite to the times. Surely a cautious con- 
 cealment is lawful, and wary silence is commend- 
 able in jjerilous times. Amos, v. 13. It is an evil 
 time, therefore, the wise shall hold their peace. 
 And I confess that a prudential compliance in reli- 
 gion in things indifferent, is justifiable, as also in 
 all civil concernments, w^herein the conscience is not 
 
286 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 violated : but wherein the will of the times crosseth 
 the will of God, our indentures are cancelled from 
 serving them, and God only is to be obeyed. 
 
 " There is some difference in reading the precept, 
 Horn. xii. 1 1 ; occasioned from the similitude of the 
 words in the original, (though utterly unlike in our 
 English tongue,) some reading it, Serving the Lord, 
 others, Serving the time. I will not dispute which 
 in the Greek is the truer copy ; but do observe, that 
 David's precedent in my text, is a perfect expedient, 
 to demonstrate that both lections may, and ought 
 to be reconciled in our practice; He served his 
 generation ; there is serving the time ; but what 
 followeth ? by the will of God ; there is serving 
 the Lord. This by him was, by us must be per- 
 formed." 
 
 On July 8, Fuller's elder son John, being now 
 sixteen years old, was, after five years spent at St. 
 Paul's School, under Mr. John Langley, admitted 
 at Sidney Sussex College, under Edmund Mat- 
 thews, B. D. Here he took the degree of B. A. 
 1660, was admitted to a fellowship by royal man- 
 date, January 21, 1663, and proceeded to the de- 
 gree of A.M. in 1664. 
 
 In the following year, (1658) Fuller dated from 
 his "chamber in Sion College," January 10, 1657-8, 
 his preface to KAINA KAI ITAAAI A ; or A 
 Storehouse of Similes, Sentences, 8fc. hy John 
 Spencer, Librarian to Sion College. Here, he 
 observes, " Some men's books are indeed mere 
 kites' nests, a collection of stolen things, such as 
 are pure plagiaries, without any grateful acknow- 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 287 
 
 ledgment'; but herein, the ingenuity of our author 
 is commendable, that on the margin he hath en- 
 tered the names of such, at whose torch he hath 
 lighted his taper ; and I am confident that by such 
 quotations, he hath revived the memories of many 
 vs^orthies, and of their speeches, which otherwise 
 had been utterly lost. 
 
 On March 3, our author was presented to the 
 Rectory of Cranford, by his constant friend, George 
 Baron of Berkeley, Mowbray, Seagrave, and Bruce, 
 K.B. 
 
 Here Fuller prepared his " Appeal of Injured 
 Innocence,'' or Reply to Heylyn's Animadversions 
 on his Church History. This work he dedicated 
 to his most bountiful and most exemplary patron, 
 Lord Berkeley, from Cranford Moat House, March 
 21, 1659.* This house, which stood within a 
 
 • In 1659 appeared, Pulpit Sparks, or Choice Forms of 
 Prayer, by several Reverend and Godly Divines, Used by them 
 b(^th before and after Sermon, with other Prayers, for extraor- 
 dinary occasions. Together with Dr. Hewytt's last Prayei-. 
 London, Printed for W. Gilberison, at the Bible in Giltspur 
 street, 1658. Amongst these is a Prayer before Sermon, by 
 Fuller, and others by Mr. Hall, afterwards Bishop of Bris- 
 tol ; Jeremy Taylor, Bruno Ryves, successively Dean of 
 Chichester and Windsor; a very excellent one by Mr. 
 Goddard; others by Dr. Hardy, afterwards Dean of Ro- 
 chester, Dr. Gillingham, Dr. Wild, the friend of Dr. Hewitt ; 
 Dr. Griffith, John Marston, B. D. ; Mr. Richard Ball, Mr. 
 Sparks, and Mr. Mackerness. 
 
 The Prayer of Dr. Fuller is marked with that love of an- 
 tithesis which invariably characterizes his writings ; and is 
 simple, not diffuse, and full of holy reverence. 
 
288 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 moated site, about a quarter of a mile north-east of 
 the church, was pulled down in 1780. It was, in 
 1603, the residence of Sir William Fleetwood, Re- 
 ceiver of the Court of Wards.* 
 
 Fuller is also recorded to have been recalled to 
 the church of St. Mary, Savoy, previously to the 
 Restoration. 
 
 In 1659, if not also in 1657, appeared a sermon 
 by him, entitled " The best Name on earth,'' toge- 
 ther with some already noticed, {The Worst of 
 Evils, The Snare broken, and Strange Justice,) 
 preached at St. Bride's, and in other places. Printed 
 for the use and benefit of William Byron, Gent. 
 1659. There is an engraved title-page to the edi- 
 tion of 1659, but itself dated 1657, and intended 
 for Antioch ; with these lines : — 
 
 " Behold this antient city, from whence came, 
 As from the sacred font, the Christian's name : 
 
 The only copy I have seen of this little book is in Trinity 
 College Library, Cambridge. 
 
 Mr. Goddard was minister of St. Gregory's, near St. 
 Paul's. 
 
 Toward the end is, A Private Prayer after receiving the 
 Lord's Supper, by Mr. Reading of Dovor, See an account 
 of him, and a catalogue of his numerous works in Wood's 
 Athene Oxonienses. 
 
 * In the Manor House, still in the noble family of Berke- 
 ley, is a portrait of Dr. Fuller, from which was copied the 
 engraving prefixed to his Worthies : and in the library are 
 the Worthies and Holy State, the former very handsomely 
 bound, and probably presented to George Lord Berkeley, 
 by the author's son. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 289 
 
 Heaven grant that our once famous London may 
 What Antioch gave, in time not take away. 
 
 Jo. Qu." 
 
 This sermon begins with observing, that " the 
 Scripture gives four names to Christians, taken 
 from the four cardinal graces so necessary to man's 
 salvation : saints from their holiness ; believers 
 from their faith ; the brethren from their love ; the 
 disciples from their knowledge." 
 
 He remarks : " Here we must not forget how 
 the heathen made another deduction and etymology 
 of the word Christians ; for such Pagans in the 
 primitive times, beholding the love and charity be- 
 twixt Christians, how they mutually relieved each 
 other's wants ; but especially, how they conversed 
 together in the time of plagues and epidemical dis- 
 eases, comforting one another, when heathen people 
 started from the embraces of their nearest relations : 
 I say, seeing this, they conceived they were called 
 Christians, quasi Chrestianiy from '^(prjffTog, the 
 Greek word for mild and meek, as more merciful 
 men, more pitiful and compassionate persons than 
 any others. 
 
 " But alas, should heathens now look on the 
 carriage and conversation of Christians, one towards 
 another, how spiteful and cruel they are ; how bearish, 
 how boarish, how brutish we are in our mutual 
 dissensions, they would conclude us not called from 
 meekness, so ill we brook our names." Of the 
 names, Protestants, Lutherans, &c. he says, " We 
 never took these names unto ourselves, but they 
 u 
 
290 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 were fixed and fastened on us by the spleen and 
 envy of our Romish adversaries." 
 
 Having given the origin of the principal denomi- 
 nations, Lutherans, Calvinists, Protestants, Hugo- 
 nots, he adds, " Here I will not descend to those 
 petty names of private sects, which these last ten 
 years have produced, nor will I honour them with 
 any mention, chiefly, because as the youngest of 
 discretion in this congregation may remember the 
 beginning of such names, I hope the oldest may 
 live to see the end of them ; when such ridiculous 
 and absurd names shall utterly be abolished." 
 
 On the 7th of December, died the celebrated Dr. 
 Ralph Brownrigg, Bishop of Exeter, and latterly 
 preacher of the Temple Church. Our author, in 
 his Worthies, writes, "I observed at his funeral 
 that the prime persons of all persuasions were 
 present, whose judgments going several ways, met 
 all in a general grief for his decease. He was 
 buried on the cost of both Temples, to his great, 
 but their greater honour. He had been chosen 
 lecturer at the Temple church about a year before 
 his death." * 
 
 About the very time of the Restoration, Fuller 
 completed his " Mixt Contemplations in Better 
 Times,'' dedicated to the truly honourable and most 
 virtuous, the Lady Monck. It opens thus, " Ma- 
 dam, I had the happiness, some sixteen years since, 
 to be minister of that parish wherein your ladyship 
 had your nativity, and this, I humbly conceive, 
 
 * Suffolk, p. 62. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 291 
 
 doth afford me some title to dedicate my weak en- 
 deavours to your honour." It is dated from Sion 
 College, May 2, 1660. To this little volume was 
 affixed as a motto, " Let your moderation be known 
 unto all men; the Lord is at hand." The motto 
 speaks the spirit of the author and of his medita- 
 tions. He was always the same, and if now his 
 loyalty leaped for joy, his moderation did not loose 
 itself in any extravagancies. He was for a real and 
 not verbal accommodation between the Episcopal 
 and Presbyterian parties. He pleaded for a general 
 t^)leration. He conceded all that he could with 
 truth as well as charity, to the intentions of those 
 who had been led away beyond themselves in the 
 late confusions, whilst none could be more severe 
 against those who ate the bread of others, and who 
 lived only by faction. He commented upon the 
 past by the light of God's Providence, and justified 
 his ways who brings light out of our darkness, 
 order out of our chaos. 
 
 His loyalty in the midst of its exultation, did not 
 disown his former patriotism. " A commonwealth 
 and a king are no more contrary than the trunk or 
 body of a tree and the top branches thereof : there 
 is a republic included in every monarchy." 
 
 Fanaticism and wilful separation he scrupled not 
 to condemn most cordially, and to expose most 
 effectually. " How sad is the condition of many 
 sectaries in our age ; which, in the same instant 
 have a fog of ignorance in their judgments, and a 
 tempest of violence in their affections ; being too 
 blind to go right, and yet too active to stand still." 
 
292 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Revisiting Broad Windsor, which now became 
 rightfully his own once more, he is said to have 
 been so satisfied with the preaching of the then in- 
 cumbent, as to have spontaneously promised not to 
 be the cause of his removal. This was probably 
 soon after the Restoration, for in 1660, Fuller again 
 visited Exeter, as we learn from his Worthies, 
 where, treating of Exeter, he says, " As for the 
 parish churches in this city, at my return thither this 
 year I found them fewer than I left them at my de- 
 parture thence, fifteen years ago. But the demolish- 
 ers of them can give the clearest account, how the 
 plucking down of churches conduceth to the setting 
 up of religion. Besides, I understand that thirteen 
 churches were exposed to sale by the public crier, 
 and bought by well-affected persons, who preserved 
 them from destruction." * 
 
 In this same year Dr. Fuller put forth his inge- 
 nious Dialogues of the Birds and Flowers, 
 evidently allegorizing the events of his day. 
 
 On August the second, a royal mandate was 
 issued from Whitehall, to confer the degree of D.D. 
 upon Fuller, together with Edmund Porter, Richard 
 Drake, Chancellor of Sarum, and translator of 
 Bishop Andrewes' Devotions, Anthony Sparrow, 
 afterward Bishop of Norwich, Robert Pery, Arch- 
 deacon of Middlesex ; all B.D. ; and upon Richard 
 Watts, Rector of Morecote, Rutlandshire, William 
 Belle, Prebendary of Canterbury, and John Breton ; 
 
 * Worthies, vol. i. p. 303. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 293 
 
 all INI. A. This mandate took effect on the 5th of 
 September. 
 
 Now also was Dr. Fuller appomted a Chaplain 
 to the King, and restored to his stall in the Cathe- 
 dral church of Sarum. 
 
 Dr. Fuller wrote a Poem on the Restoration, 
 entitled ^' A Panegyrick to His Majesty on his 
 Happy Return, by Thomas Fuller, B.D. Lon- 
 don, Printed for John Playford, at his shop in the 
 Temple, 1660.* This, I suppose, was that John 
 Playford who put forth forty or more tunes, in part 
 taken from the tunes printed in our Prayer-hooks 
 from about 1560, but by him harmonized in a more 
 modern and flowing, but less solemn style than that 
 of Ravenscroft, and the composers who enriched 
 his incomparable Psalmody of 1621. 
 
 • Afterwards reprinted in the Worthies of England, \ra.d,et 
 Worcestershire. 
 
294 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 Our Authors last Illness and Death. 
 
 AVING in August, 1661, returned 
 to London from Salisbury, probably 
 after a journey thence to Nether- 
 bury, to settle a lease of his preben- 
 dal property there, he contracted a 
 fever, of which he died. About the same time Dr. 
 Matthew Nicolas, Dean of St. Paul's, died also on 
 his return from Salisbury.* For, being desired to 
 
 * Dr. Matthew Nicolas, of a family seated at Winterbourn 
 Earls, about three miles from Salisbury, and brother to Sir 
 Edward Nicolas, Secretary of State to King- Charles II. was, 
 in 1639, made Dean of Bristol, and installed on the 22d of 
 June, in the place of the disinterested and much beloved 
 Dr. Edward Chetwvnd, deceased ; this Dr. Chetwynd mar- 
 ried Helena, daughter of Sir John Harrington, of Kelston, 
 Somersetshire, who died before him, in 1628. When King 
 Charles in 1641, appointed the upright and exemplary Dr. 
 Winnifi'e, Dean of St. Paul's, to the See of Lincoln, (together 
 with other eminent persons to divers vacant Sees for their 
 conspicuous merit, to save episcopacy, ready to fall through 
 the impolicy and arrogance of Laud,) Dr. Nicolas (LL.D. of 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 295 
 
 preach a marriage-sermon on Sunday, the twelfth 
 of August (at the chapel of St. Mary, Savoy), for 
 a kinsman of his, who was to be wedded the day 
 after, the good Doctor lovingly undertook it ; but 
 on that Sunday, whilst at dinner, felt himself very 
 much indisposed, and complained of a dizziness in 
 the head : whereupon his son entreated him that he 
 would go and lie down on bed, and forbear preach- 
 ing that afternoon, but he would not be persuaded, 
 saying " he had gone up often into the pulpit sick, 
 but always came well down again, and he hoped he 
 should do as well now, through God's strengthening 
 grace." Those who have laboured much under in- 
 digestion, so common to men of sedentary habits, 
 will understand this speech of our author. 
 
 Being in the pulpit, he found himself very ill, so 
 that he was apprehensive of danger ; and therefore 
 before his prayer, addressed himself thus to his 
 congregation : " I find myself very ill, but I am re- 
 
 New College, Oxford, in 16^7,) was appointed to the Deanry 
 of St. Paul's, but in those troublous times he could not be 
 duly elected and confirmed therein. At the Restoration he 
 had a new grant to this Deanry, and on July 10, 1660, was 
 duly elected Dean, and installed on the same day; and on 
 the 17th of August following, was collated to the Prebend 
 of Cadington Major, in that church, in the place of Dr. West- 
 field, Bishop of Bristol, deceased. He was also Prebendary 
 of Westminster, to which he had been preferred in 1642, on 
 the death of Dr. William Robinson, brother by the mother's 
 side to Archbishop Laud. He was, moreover, at the time 
 of his death, Canon Residentiary of Sarum, and Rector of 
 West Dean, in Wiltshire. He died August 14, 1661, and 
 was buried at Winterbourn. 
 
296 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 solved by the grace of God to preach this sermon 
 to you here, though it be my last," — a sad presage, 
 and more sadly verified. He proceeded in his 
 prayer and sermon very perfectly, till in the middle 
 (never using himself to notes, other than the begin- 
 ning word of each head or division), he began to 
 falter, yet quickly recollecting himself, and very 
 pertinently concluded. After he had a while sat 
 down, he was not able to rise again, but was fain 
 to be led down the pulpit stairs by two men into 
 the reading-desk. He had promised also to baptize 
 a child (of a very good friend of his) then in the 
 church, but was unable to do it. 
 
 Much ado there was to persuade the Doctor to 
 go home in a sedan, he saying still he should be 
 well by and by, and would go along with them ; 
 but at last finding himself worse and worse, he 
 yielded to go, but not to his old lodgings (which 
 were convenient for him in the Savoy), but to his 
 new one in Covent Garden : being come thither 
 they had him to bed, and presently sent for Dr. 
 Scarborough ; but he being in the country. Dr. 
 Charlton came, who judged the complaint to be a 
 violent malignant fever, such as then raged every- 
 where, and was better known by the name of the 
 new disease, which had, like a plague, swept away 
 multitudes throughout the kingdom. Nothing 
 could stop the progress of the malady, which soon 
 affected the Doctor's mind. Yet in this sad and 
 oppressed condition, he was able to give at times 
 some comfortable signs and assurances. 
 
 On the following Wednesday it pleased God to 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 297 
 
 restore to him the use of his faculties, which he 
 very devoutly and thankfully employed in a Chris- 
 tian preparation for death, earnestly imploring the 
 prayers of some of his reverend brethren with him, 
 himself most intently joining with them, and com- 
 mending himself to the will of God. Nay, so highly 
 was he affected with God's pleasure concerning 
 Jiim, that he could not endure any person to weep or 
 cry, but would earnestly desire them to refrain ; 
 highly extolling and preferring his condition, as a 
 translation to a blessed eternity. Nor would he 
 revert to subjects of a literary or purely secular kind : 
 nothing but heaven and the perfections thereof, 
 the consummation of grace in glory, must fill up 
 the room of his capacious soul, now ready to take 
 its flight from this world. On the morning of 
 Thursday, the sixteenth of August, his sufferings 
 were at an end, and he entered into rest. 
 
 He was buried at the desire and at the costs of 
 the Rt. Hon. his noble patron, the Lord Berkeley, 
 in the chancel of his parish church of Cranford ; 
 two hundred of the clergy attending at his funeral. 
 The sermon was preached by Dr. Nathanael Hardy, 
 Dean of Rochester, and Rector of St. Martin's in 
 the Fields. 
 
 This Dr. Hardy was the son of Anthony Hardy, 
 and was bom in the parish of St. JNIartin's, Lud^ 
 gate, in the city of London, on the fourteenth of 
 September, 1618; was a commoner of ^Magdalen 
 College, Oxford, in 1632 ; removed thence to Hart 
 Hall ; which foundation, as old as the reign of Ed- 
 ward I. was afterward called Stapledon Hall, from 
 
298 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 Walter de Stapleton, Bishop of Exeter, into whose 
 hands it came in the succeeding reign : but when 
 his scholars were transplanted to the present site of 
 Exeter College, its original name was restored, and 
 continued till it was merged in Hertford College, 
 1740 ; which corporation became extinct in 1805, 
 part of the old buildings being now included ii 
 Magdalen Hall. He proceeded to the degree 6? 
 M. A. in 1638, and in the following year was or' 
 dained priest. He preached for some years at the 
 church of St. Dionis Back Church,* and was the 
 author of numerous sermons, the titles of which 
 maybe seen in Wood's Athence Oxonienses. His 
 principal works are two series of Lectures on the 
 first Epistle of St. John ; the first part published 
 in quarto in 1656, the second in 1659. I cannot 
 altogether excuse him from the charge of complying 
 more than was lawful, with the times ; in 1646 he 
 condemned those ceremonies as Popish which in 
 1661 he affirmed to be primitive, and not supersti- 
 tious. Let the reader compare his Fast sermon at 
 Westminster Abbey, on February 24, 1646, with 
 his Fast sermon for the 30th of January, 1661, at 
 St. Margaret's Church. He was not without the 
 defects of the preachers of that century, some of 
 which as his Accusatio vera, Comminatio severa, 
 are culled out by Dr. Echard in his " Causes of 
 the Contempt of the Clergy a work in some 
 respects deservedly, yet too severely and indis- 
 criminatingly censured by the very pious and chari- 
 
 • From or before 1646 to 1660. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 299 
 
 table Barnabas Oley, the friend of Herbert, and 
 Vicar of Great Gransden, Huntingdonshire, long 
 the residence of the truly pious and benevolent 
 James Plumptre, whose name it would be ungrate- 
 ful in the writer to omit in this place, under whom 
 as his Vicar, it was his privilege to commence his 
 public ministrations.* 
 
 As for Dr. Hardy, he was a person of some learn- 
 ing and eloquence, and on the Restoration was pre- 
 ferred to be Archdeacon of Lewes, Vicar of St. 
 Martin's in the Fields, on Dec. 10, 1660, Dean of 
 Rochester. He died at Croydon, June 1, 1670, 
 and was buried at St. ^Martin's in the Fields ; Dr. 
 Patrick (afterward Bishop of Ely), preaching his 
 funeral sermon. 
 
 To return to our more immediate subject, the 
 anonjrmous author to whom we are indebted for the 
 account of Dr. Fuller's last sickness and death, has 
 summed up the main particulars of his manner of 
 life with a simphcity and minuteness not to be 
 looked for in more modern compositions, in which 
 however, we are not to be envied, who carr}' our 
 scrupulousness perhaps too far, and who are wont 
 to be entertained with far less real portraits, whilst 
 truth is not so much aimed at as effect, and ble- 
 mishes are studiously concealed, and what would give 
 
 * He was the son of the Rev. Robt. Plumptre, D.D. 
 President of Queen's College, Cambridge, 1760, to his 
 death in 1788 ; B. A. of Clare Hall, 1792, M. A. 1795, and 
 for several years Fellow of that College, B.D.1808, Seques- 
 trator of Hinxton, and above twenty years Vicar of Great 
 Gransden. 
 
300 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 too common an air to the character, dispensed with. 
 
 As for his person, we have a fine portrait of Dr. 
 Fuller by Loggan in the Worthies of England^ 
 which has been very faithfully reduced by Dean, for 
 Pickering's edition of the " Good Thoughts in Bad 
 Times" &c. He was of a more than ordinary 
 stature, but no way inclining to corpulence, of a 
 sanguine constitution, and somewhat ruddy aspect, 
 with a pleasant but composed and serious expression 
 of countenance. His hair was naturally given to 
 curl, and was of a light colour, and worn of a 
 moderate length, beseeming his profession. 
 
 His gait was very upright and graceful. He was 
 in dress negligent almost to a fault ; his manners 
 were simple and unstudied, but there was in him 
 a natural courteousness that showed he affected not 
 singularity, or to appear absent when he sometimes 
 was so. His conversation was exceedingly attrac- 
 tive, and this every reader of his ingenious writings 
 would easily conceive, for it is no vain eulogy that 
 his biographer gives his memory when he describes 
 him as " a perfect walking library,"* and it is plain 
 that he was as well versed in the study of mankind 
 as in the study of books. 
 
 " At his diet he was very sparing and temperate, 
 but yet he allowed himself the repasts and refresh- 
 ings of two meals a day ; but no lover of dainties or 
 the inventions of cookery : solid meats better fitting 
 his strength of constitution ; but from drink very 
 much abstemious, which questionless was the cause 
 
 P. 69. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 301 
 
 of that uninterrupted health he enjoyed till his first 
 and last sickness." Here our author is mistaken. 
 He was recovered more than once from danger by 
 means of his benevolent and pious friend Dr. 
 Hamey. 
 
 But he was most abstemious in regard of sleep, 
 and took but little exercise, but as being compelled 
 by friendly yet forcible invitations. Riding was 
 most pleasant to him, and for this he had many 
 occasions. 
 
 The generous and kind spirit that overflows in 
 all his works, will not suffer us to doubt that he 
 was, as his biographer says of him, tender and 
 faithful in his conjugal and parental attachments. 
 Toward the education of his children he was ex- 
 ceedingly careful, allowing them whatsoever could 
 conduce to that end, beyond the present measure of 
 his estate.* 
 
 To his neighbours and friends he behaved him- 
 self with such cheerfulness and plainness of affection 
 and respect, as deservedly gained him their highest 
 esteem. 
 
 " From the meanest to the highest he omitted 
 nothing that belonged to his state of life, either in 
 a familiar correspondency or necessary visits : never 
 waiting for entreaties of that which either was his 
 duty, or in his power to perform. In a word, to 
 his superiors he was dutifully respectful, without 
 ceremony or officiousness ; to his equals he was dis- 
 
 * Life of Dr. Fuller, p. 73. And see his observations 
 upon Marriage, in his Worthies, vol. i. p. 257. Ed.Nichol. 
 
302 
 
 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 creetly respectful, and to his inferiors (whom in- 
 deed he judged Christianly none to be), civilly 
 respectful, without pride or disdain." * His memory 
 has been celebrated as incomparable, and his bio- 
 grapher assures us f that he undertook once in 
 passing to and fro from Temple-bar to the farthest 
 conduit in Cheapside, at his return again to tell 
 every sign, as they stood in order on both sides of 
 the way, repeating them either backward or forward, 
 as they should choose, which he exactly did, not 
 missing or displacing one, to the admiration of those 
 that heard him. 
 
 " For his ordinary manner of teaching, it was in 
 some kind different from the usual method of most 
 ministers in those times, for he seldom made any 
 excursions into the handling of common-places, or 
 drew his subject matter out at length, by any pro- 
 lixly continued discourse. But the main frame of 
 his public sermons, if not wholly, consisted (after 
 some brief and genuine resolution of the context, 
 and explication of the terms, where need required), 
 of notes and observations, with much variety and 
 great dexterity drawn immediately from the text, 
 and naturally, without constraint, arising out of the 
 main body, or the several parts of it, with some 
 useful applications annexed thereto." J 
 
 " A constant form of prayer he used, as in his 
 family, so in his public ministry; only varying or 
 adding upon special occasions, because not only 
 
 * Life of Dr. Fuller, p. 75. t Ibid, p. 76. 
 
 t Ibid, pp. 79, 80. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 303 
 
 hesitation (which the good Doctor, for all his 
 strength of memory and invention, was afraid of, 
 before so awful a presence as the Majesty of Hea- 
 ven,) was in prayer more offensive than in other 
 discourse ; but because such excursions in that 
 duty, in the extempore way, w'ere become the idol 
 of the multitude." 
 
 He avoided the extremes, so various and so fatal 
 in his times. He was zealous for the due observa- 
 tion of the Lord's Day, yet not of the extremists 
 on that point, as Heylyn falsely charged him. Very 
 few Sundays there were in the year in which he 
 did not preach twice, besides the duties performed 
 in his own house, or in his attendance on those 
 noble persons to whom successively he was Chap- 
 lain. 
 
 In the high topics of predestination, he adhered 
 to the doctrines in which he was brought up, the 
 doctrines taught in his youth at the University of 
 Cambridge by his uncle Davenant, a man in whom 
 piety and sound learning were united, and to a de- 
 gree perhaps rarely excelled. For he moved not 
 with the times, but pursued his upright and even 
 path, as before God, and not to please men. 
 
 He valued episcopacy and the hturgy, and that 
 equally with the clergy who preceded Laud, as 
 Andre\ves, Downame, Whitgift, Fulke, Ridley, and 
 our English Reformers, but would not with the 
 disciples of Laud, and those who in our times take 
 him for their model, even indirectly unchurch 
 foreign communions. 
 
 He suffered for his loyalty, and when the episco- 
 
304 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 pal form of the church was suppressed, whilst he 
 still served God and his country in the way in 
 which it was then permitted him, he feared not to 
 avow his predilection to the more ancient order and 
 discipline then thrown down.* 
 
 His religion appears to have been always of the 
 practical kind. This appears to have decided the 
 character of his discourses, which are never merely 
 controversial ; not confined to a few topics, and 
 those the most popular with such as resolve their 
 religion into reading- and hearing. Whilst modera- 
 tion was his profession, he appears to have adhered 
 inflexibly to the theology of his early days, not 
 changing for fashion's sake, contented with that in 
 w^hich he had been brought up ; not, however, sim- 
 ply because it was the form in which his faith was 
 familiarized to him, but because it came with this 
 recommendation, that those who had received it 
 were as dear to him by their personal piety as they 
 were estimable for their learning and experience. 
 
 These memorials are, it is confessed, but very 
 imperfect in comparison of what, peradventure, may 
 yet be brought to light ; for probably much of our 
 author's correspondence yet lurks in various manu- 
 script collections. Hence it is hoped that the brief 
 notices of his friends that occur in these pages, may 
 not be without their use. What is here brought 
 together, will, though scanty, not be altogether un- 
 acceptable to those who in this age of heat without 
 light, find some consolation in the hope, that ere 
 
 His Triple Reconciler. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 305 
 
 long truth will again be heard above the din of 
 party, and Christianity be understood and embraced, 
 not as a system principally external, or chiefly 
 speculative, but as faith that worketh by love. 
 
 After our author's decease, his elder son, John, 
 of Sidney Sussex College, edited his Worthies of 
 England ; a work abounding in entertainment and 
 information, and affording ample evidence of the 
 indefatigable industry and versatility of talent which 
 distinguished the compiler, albeit the greater part 
 of this work is more than a compilation, being re- 
 plete with original anecdotes, relating to all the 
 most eminent individuals of the age of James and 
 Charles I. Here we converse, as it were, with Dr. 
 Fuller upon every kind of subject; nor did he ever 
 require any excitement whose most sober moments 
 were reUeved with his own unparalleled facetious- 
 ness ; a facetiousness never tainted with invective 
 and malevolence. So we find that he left it to King 
 James to condemn, and to the men of Gloucester- 
 shire, once planters thereof, to commend tobacco. 
 " As for the praise of tobacco, with the virtues 
 thereof, they may better be performed by the pens 
 of such writers whose palates have tasted of the 
 same." * 
 
 From his commendation of music in his Pisgah- 
 Sight, he was doubtless a great lover thereof. 
 Remarkable are his architectural observations ; 
 
 Gloucestershire Worthies j i. p. 373. 
 X 
 
306 MEMORIALS OF 
 
 although they betray his defectiveness of taste in 
 this department, who, in his notice of Essex, could 
 pass by without admiration the churches of Thaxted 
 and Saffron Walden. He tells us that his own 
 eyes and ears had witnessed to the beauty of 
 Gloucester Cathedral, and to the echo of the whis- 
 pering gallery, and gives his readers the remarks 
 of Lord Bacon in his Natural History^ upon the 
 latter.* 
 
 He fails not to do justice to the Collegiate church 
 at Manchester : " The choir thereof, though but 
 small, is exceeding beautiful, and, for wood-work, 
 an excellent piece of artifice." The magnificent 
 church of Beverley it is probable that he had not 
 seen, as he observes that it " is much commended 
 for a fine fabric." 
 
 He may perhaps have risen superior to his age 
 in his veneration of the Gothic. So he notes of 
 York Minster, " Now as it follows not that the 
 usurping Tulip is better than the rose, because pre- 
 ferred by some foreign fancies before it ; so is it as 
 inconsequent that modish Italian churches are 
 better than this reverend magnificent structure^ 
 because some humorous travellers are so pleased 
 to esteem them." 
 
 Characteristic is Dr. Johnson's very brief allusion 
 to the Cathedral of Durham. Noble is the com- 
 pliment of our author to that of Lincoln : " It is a 
 magnificent structure, proportionable to the ampli- 
 tude of the diocese." He omits not to bring before 
 us the sombre efi'ect and cumbrous majesty of the 
 
 Cent. ii. num. 148. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 
 
 307 
 
 old St. Paul's. His account of it however is in 
 favour of Sir Christopher Wren's own judgment, 
 for the rebuilding rather than repairing of it. To 
 Romanism it is owing that his intentions were frus- 
 trated bv the rejection of that most noble design, 
 in which all his power was put forth without 
 restraint. 
 
 Coming to the Abbey of Westminster, now so 
 grievously disfigured by the miscellaneous collection 
 of monuments that have made it one vast anachro- 
 nism, our author cannot refrain his admiration of 
 Henry the Seventh's chapel, " which Leland calls 
 the miracle of the world. Indeed, let Italians 
 deride our English, and condemn them for Gothish 
 buildings; this they must admire, and may here 
 take notes of architecture (if their pride would per- 
 mit them) to perfect theirs accordingly." 
 
 The fronts of Wells and Exeter, Fuller compares 
 to the advantage of the former. He speaks with 
 all due praise of the beauty of Lichfield, in the 
 fourth book of his Church- History. St. Mary 
 Redcliff, Bristol, he pronounces the noblest of all 
 parish churches. The Cathedral of that city has 
 scarcely received the notice that it merits, as 
 abounding in so many original features of the deco- 
 rated age, the age of Tintern Abbey, of Exeter 
 Cathedral, and of the Lady Chapel, Ely. Of 
 Worcester Cathedral he writes, " I am sorry I have 
 never seen the Cathedral of Worcester, so that I 
 cannot Tcnowingly give it a due commendation; and 
 more sorry to hear that our late civil wars have 
 made so sad an impression thereon." 
 
 The pillars and pilasters, called by him, pillarets. 
 
308 MEMORIALS OF FULLER. 
 
 of Salisbury Cathedral, Fuller describes as made of 
 fusile marble ; an ancient art, now shrewdly sus- 
 pected to be lost." * I am informed by my worthy 
 friend Mr. Bunch, Fellow of Emanuel College, that 
 these pillars in a state of decay present an artificial 
 appearance, whence perhaps originated Dr. Fuller's 
 mistake. 
 
 It is to be regretted that Mr. Nichols did not 
 supply in his edition of the Worthies, the numerous 
 dates that were omitted in the first edition of this 
 most interesting and copious miscellany. 
 
 * Worthies of England, Wiltshire, vol. ii. p. 436. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 R. ADAM CLARKE, in his Memoirs 
 of the Wesley family, has recorded, that 
 John Wesley's grandfather, Wesley of 
 Whitechurch, married the niece of Dr. 
 Thomas Fuller; but it maybe questioned 
 whether sufficient proof of this state- 
 ment is adduced by the relator. 
 
 A member of the family of the Clarkes (p. 5,) built 
 the market-house at Farnham, at his sole cost. So Ful- 
 ler in his Worthies, 
 
 CHAPTER IV. P. 67. 
 
 N A.D. 1638, Fuller wrote an Epitaph to 
 the memory of Denys Rolle, Esq. who died 
 [ A.. D. 1638 : the Epitaph is engraved on his 
 I tomb in Bicton Church, Devonshire. 
 
 His earthly part within this tombe doth reste, 
 Who kept a court of honour in his breaste : 
 Birth, beautie, wit, and wisdom sat as pieres 
 Till death mistook his virtues for his years ; 
 Or else heaven envied earth so rich a treasure. 
 Wherein too fine the ware, too scant the measure. 
 
312 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 His mournful wife, her love to shew in part 
 
 This tomb built here— a belter in her heart. 
 
 Sweet babe, his hopeful heyre, Heaven grant this boon, 
 
 Live but so well; but oh ! die not so soon. 
 
 The father of the late venerable Lord Rolle, was named 
 Dennis. 
 
 CHAPTER V. P. 75. 
 
 IhOMAS WARM'ESTRY, son of William 
 Warmestry, Registrary of the Cathedral 
 Church of Worcester, was born and edu- 
 cated in grammar learning in that city, be- 
 came a student of Christ Church in 1624 or thereabouts, 
 and had some preferment in Worcestershire conferred 
 upon him soon after he took his Master's degree in 1631. 
 In 1640, he was clerk for the diocese of Worcester in 
 the two convocations of the clergy held that year, and in 
 1642 retired for safety to Oxford, when he was created 
 D.D. He afterwards lost what he had before obtained 
 in the church, notwithstanding he had always before, says 
 Antony Wood, been accounted a Puritan. After the 
 royal cause declined, he lived mostly in London, was 
 the distributer of money (obtained from generous loy- 
 alists) to sufferers for the royal interest, and very zealous 
 every way in the discharge of his duties as a minister of 
 the gospel. 
 
 At the Restoration, he was rector of Hampton, in 
 Gloucestershire; was presented to the second stall in 
 Gloucester Cathedral, July 27, 1660, and on Nov. 27, 
 1661, installed Dean of Worcester on the death of Dr. 
 John OUver, President of Magdalene College, Oxford. 
 He died Oct. 30, 1665, and was buried in Worcester 
 Cathedral. 
 
 He published A Convocation Speech against images, 
 altars, crosses, the new canons, and the oath, Lond. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 313 
 
 1641, 4to. This speech contains many things unhappily 
 as applicable to our times, as to those of Warmistre. 
 It is full of gravity and moderation, and is one of very 
 many proofs, that the same heats about trifles divided 
 the church then as now ; for instance, zeal for the word 
 sacrifice as applied to the Holy Communion ; the use of 
 the word altor, to the disparagement of the apostolic 
 term, the Lord's Table, and of unlit lights in churches, 
 a symbol rather of darkness than of light. Dr. Warmes- 
 try was censured, probably for his fidelity and good de- 
 serts, by the House of Commons, June 23, a.d. 1657. 
 He was at that time, preacher at St. Margaret's, West- 
 minster. His numerous treatises relating to the times, 
 are given in Wood's Ath. Oxon. see vol. iii. pp. 714, 
 715, ed. Bliss, 1817. 
 
 Upon altars, now most inconsiderately revived in 
 some churches, see Reasons why the Lord's Board should 
 rather be after the form of a Table than of nn Altar. 
 Bp. Ridlefs Works, pp. 321—324. Cambridge, 1843. 
 
 When Harding charges the Reformed with resem- 
 bling the Donatists in their fury against altars. Jewel re- 
 plies, " As for the altars, which Optatus saith the Dona- 
 tists broke down, they were certainly tables of wood, 
 such as we have, and not heaps of stone, such as ye have." 
 {Defence of the Apology, p. 315.) He goes on to prove 
 that the primitive altars were of w^ood ; a fact, we may 
 observe, which is not contested. Thus Merati writes, 
 " Communis fert eruditorum opinio, primis ecclesise tem- 
 poribus altaria fuisse lignea." {In Gavanti Thes.'i. 130. 
 Cf. Martene, '\. 111.) 
 
 It is ordered in the advertisements of 1565, that the 
 parish provide a decent table, standing on a frame, for a 
 communion table. (Documentary Annals, i. 292.) And 
 in the canons of 1571, the following charge is given to 
 churchwardens, " Curabunt mensam ex asseribus com- 
 
314 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 posite junctam, quae administrationi sacro sanctae com- 
 munionis inserviat." {Si/nodal. 123.) 
 
 The 3rd canon of 1604, which begins, " Whereas we 
 have no doubt but that in all churches convenient and 
 decent tables are provided ;" appears to assume that the 
 material was such as is described in the extract just 
 quoted. 
 
 The Vicar of Grantham, quarrelling with his parish- 
 ioners, threatened that " he would build him an altar of 
 stone, at his own charge, and would never officiate upon 
 any other :'' (Ho/y Table 6,) his Bishop, Williams, tells 
 him, and alleges evidence for the opinion, that tables 
 made of stone and fixed in one place, are against the in- 
 tention of the Anglican church. (lb. 13 — 19, &c.) 
 
 The 7th canon of 1640, in giving orders for placing 
 the communion-table at the east end of churches, de- 
 clares, that at the time of reforming this church from that 
 gross superstition of popery, it was carefully provided 
 that all means should be used to root out of the minds 
 of the people, both the inclination thereunto and memory 
 thereof; especially of the idolatry committed in the 
 Mass, for which cause all popish altars were demolished. 
 {Synodal. 404.) The Rev. J. C. Robertsons How shall 
 we conform to the Litwgy 1 2nd ed. Pickering, London, 
 1844, pp. 163—165. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. P. 106. a.d. 1641. 
 
 |ENRY MYRIEL of the University of Cam- 
 bridge, was on January 16, a.d. 1642-3, 
 created B.D. of Oxford. He died April 
 22, 1643, aged thirty-three years, and was 
 buried in All Saints' Church, Oxford. Wood's Fasti, 
 p. 706, Ath. Oxon. vol. ii. ed. 1692. 
 
 P. 108. The reader will find a memoir of Bishop 
 Davenant in Middleton's Biographia Evangelica. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 315 
 
 CHAPTER VII. P. 113. 
 
 |R. YOUNG mentioned in this page, was 
 probably not Dr. John Young, Dean of 
 Winchester, but Dr. Edward Y^oung, Dean 
 of Exeter in 1662, who died about June 
 1663. By his last will and testament, dated 6th June, 
 1663, he bequeathed the sum of £250, to be paid at far- 
 thest within two years after his death, towards the pur- 
 chasing of lands in fee-simple, or a rent-charge ; to tlie 
 amount of £12 per annum; of which forty shillings a 
 year he directed by his said will, to be paid to the poor 
 of St. Catherine's alms-house, Exeter ; forty shillings to 
 the choristers of the cathedral; and twenty shillings a 
 year to the prisoners in the gaol near the castle, to be dis- 
 tributed by the Dean of Exeter for the time being, an- 
 nually on the 29th of May. Jeyikins History of the City 
 of Exeter, p. 315. Eieter, 1806. 
 
 P. 119. Through the interest of the most munificent 
 Lady Margaret Countess of Richmond, her chaplain 
 Hugh Oldham, was in 1506, raised to the see of Exeter ; 
 and thus, with like liberality, was founded the grammar- 
 school of Manchester. Bishop Oldham also contributed 
 toward the building of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 
 6000 marks, adding also some valuable estates in land. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. P. 153. 
 
 |HE infant princess was baptized in the ca- 
 thedral of Exeter, by the name of Henrietta 
 ]Maria. The sponsors were Sir John Berk- 
 ly, the Lady Poulett(of Hinton St. George,) 
 and Lady Dalkeith. On this occasion a handsome font 
 
316 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 was erected in the body of the cathedral, under a rich 
 canopy of state, and Dr. Burnell, chancellor of the 
 church, officiated on the occasion. Jenkins Hist, of 
 Exeter, p. 161. 
 
 Before the departure of the Queen from Exeter, she 
 was presented, in the name of the citizens, with a purse 
 containing £200, in gold. Ibid, p. 162. 
 
 The Lady Elizabeth Russell, daughter of the Earl of 
 Bedford, married August the 7th, 1582, to the Rt. Hon. 
 William, Earl of Bath, was born in Bedford House, as 
 was also the Lady Margaret Russell, Countess Dowager 
 of Cumberland, youngest daughter of the Rt. Hon. Fran- 
 cis Russell, the second Earl of Bedford, baptized in St. 
 Stephen's, Exeter, (since rebuilt) July 9th, 1566. 
 
 Bedford House was the residence of the Abbots of 
 Tavistock when at Exeter, and formed part of the mo- 
 nastery of Benedictines there, which was founded by 
 one of the abbots as a cell to Tavistock. It was a large 
 and sumptuous building, and was, at the dissolution, 
 granted together with the abbey of Tavistock, to John, 
 Lord Russel, afterward created Earl of Bedford ; and 
 from the earls and dukes often residing here, it received 
 the name of Bedford House, but being deserted by them 
 in the last century, was divided into several tenements, 
 and pulled down to make way for some new houses 
 commenced in 1773, and now called Bedford Circus, 
 They stand north-east of the cathedral. 
 
 P. 153. Dr. Robert Vilvain. Robert Vilvain of Ex- 
 eter College, B.A. May 9, 1597. Wood's Fasti, ed. 
 Bliss, p. 274, vol. i. M.A. July 8, 1600, p. 286. 
 M.D. June 20, 1611. 
 
 Robert Vilvain, a most noted physician of his time in 
 the west of England, son of Peter Vilvain, sometime 
 steward of the city of Exeter, by Anne his wife, was 
 
APPESDIX. 
 
 317 
 
 born in the parish of All Hallows, in Goldsmith Street, 
 Exeter, and there educated in grammar learning. In 
 Lent Term 1593, he became a sojourner of Exeter Col- 
 lege, aged 18 years, was elected fellow of that house in 
 1599, and in 1600, July 8, proceeded M. A. In 1611, 
 June 20, he took the degree of M.D. and resigned his 
 fellowship. He then returned to his native city. He 
 published Theoremata Theologica ; Theological Trea- 
 tises i;i eight Theses o/Divirnty, riz. Production of Mayi's 
 Soulf Divine Predestination, The True Church Regimen, 
 Predictions of Messiah, Christ's Two Genealogies, The 
 Revelation Revealed, Christ's Millenar Reign, The 
 World's Dissolution. Lond. 1654, 4to. [Bodl. B. 3. 5, 
 Line] with Supplements subjoined. A Compend. of 
 Chronographt/, 1654. Lond. in 5 sh. 4to. Enchiridion 
 Epigrammatum Tatino-Anglicum, or an Epitome o f Es- 
 says Englished out of Latin, &c.also A Fardel of 7 6 Frag- 
 ments and a Survey of our Engli^Ji Julian Year. He 
 was buried early in 1663, in the cathedral, Dec. 21, 
 Feb. 1662-3, at. 87. 
 
 He was a liberal benefactor to two hospitals for poor 
 children in that city ; and in 1633, gave £32. per ann. 
 for four poor scholars, each to have £8. per ann. to 
 come from that Free School in Exeter, founded by Hu^h 
 Crossing, Esq. to Exeter College, or any other college, 
 Oxford. Wood's Ath. Oxon. B. 2, 633, vol. 3, 1817. 
 In 1657, Dr. Vilvain gave a librarv' to the cathedral. 
 On the left side of the entrance into the Lady Chapel is 
 his monument fixed to tlie wall. His benefactions to 
 his native city may be seen in Jenkijis Hist, of Exeter, 
 pp. 332—334. 
 
 In the anonymous life of Dr. Thomas Fuller, it is 
 said, that after the birth of the Princess Henrietta, and 
 Fuller's appointment to be chaplain, "The King to 
 
318 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 signify his approbation of the doctor's excellent worth 
 by a farther testimony of it, soon afterwards gave him a 
 patent for his presentation to the town of Dorchester in 
 Dorsetshire, a living valued to be worth £400 per an- 
 num." P. 34. Both the livings at Dorchester were 
 latterly in the gift of the corporation. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. P. 274. 
 
 HE birth of this young prince [Charles the 
 Second, a.d. 1630,] as it gave cause of 
 great rejoicings to all good subjects, so it 
 gave no small matter of discouragement to 
 the Puritan faction, who had laid their line another way, 
 and desired not that this king should have had any chil- 
 dren : insomuch, that at a feast in Friday Street, when some 
 of the company shewed great joy at the news of the 
 Queen's first being with child, a leading man of that fac- 
 tion (whom I could name, were it worth the while) did not 
 stick to say, that he could see no such cause of joy as the 
 others did. Which said, he gave this reason for it, that 
 God had already better provided for us than we had de- 
 served, in giving such a hopeful progeny by the Queen of 
 Bohemia; whereas it was uncertain what religion the 
 King's children would follow, being to be brought up 
 under a mother so devoted to the Church of Rome. 
 Heylyn's Life of Laud, p. 209, 1668. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. P. 286. 
 
 FENCER'S KAINA KAI HAAAI A, fej/ Jo/m 
 Spencer, a Lover of Learning and Learned 
 Men. London, W. Wilson and J. J. Strea- 
 I ter for John Spencer at Sion College, 1658, 
 fol. pp. 679; is the fruit of an immense variety of read- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 319 
 
 ing both of ancient and modern learning. In this very 
 extensive and interesting collection, are several passages 
 from Fuller's unpublished sermons, 
 
 C. XIX. Riches have wings. 
 
 It is a term amongst falconers, that if a hawk fly high, 
 she lessens, O she lessens (saith the falconer); but if she 
 soar yet higher, then he cries out, O she vanisheth, she 
 vanisheth. And it is now found to be true by sad and 
 woful experience, that riches are upon the wing, and have 
 of late, by one means or other, taken such a flight out of 
 many men's purses, that they have lessened and lessened 
 every day more and more, and are now^ at present by the 
 continuance of time even as good as quite vanished. 
 Tho. Fullers Serm. at S. Clem. [Eastcheap] London, 
 1647. Spencer s Things New and Old, p. 29. 
 
 296. Not to continue angry. 
 
 Two Grecian bishops, being fallen out about some differ- 
 ence in point of judgment, parted asunder in great anger, 
 but the elder of them, (for so the wiser is to be accounted) 
 sent unto his colleague a message only in these two words, 
 Sol ad occasum, The sun is about to go down. The other 
 no sooner heard it, but he reflected on that of the apostle. 
 Let not the sun go down upon your wrath; and so they 
 were both friends again. How doth this amiti/ of theirs 
 condemn the emnity that is amongst many of us at this 
 time. As that deadly feud of the Scots, who entailed 
 their lands on posterity conditionally, that they should 
 fight against the party that had offended, and never en- 
 tertain any the least pacification : and such wrangling 
 lawsuits as that of the two noble families Barclay and 
 Lisle, which began in the reign of Edward the Fourth, 
 and continued to the first year of King James, full seven 
 
320 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 score years. It cannot be denied, but that a man may 
 with good qualifications go to law for his own ; but the 
 length of time in the suit, when the grandchild shall 
 hardly end that which the grandfather began, may draw 
 on a great suspicion in the want of charitable affection. 
 T. Fuller's Ser. at S. Clem. 1647. Spencer, p. 72. 
 
 582. God dow to anger and of great patience. 
 
 It is observable, that the Roman magistrates, when they 
 gave sentence upon any one to be scourged, a bundle of 
 rods tied hard with many knots, was laid before them. 
 The reason was this, that whilst the beadle, or flagellifer 
 was untying the knots, which he was to do bi/ [i. e. in] 
 order and not in any other hasty or sudden way, the 
 magistrate might see the deportment and carriage of the 
 delinquent, whether he were sorry for his fault, and shewed 
 any hope of amendment, that then he might recal his 
 sentence, or mitigate the punishment ; otherwise to be 
 corrected so much the more severely. Thus God in the 
 punishing of sinners how patient is he ! how loath to 
 strike ! how slow to anger if there were but any hopes 
 of recovery ! How many knots doth he untie ! How 
 many rubs doth He make in his way to justice ! He 
 doth not try us by martial law, but pleads the case with 
 us, Why will ye die, O ye house of Israel? and all this 
 to see whether the poor sinner will throw himself down 
 at his feet, whether he will come in and make his com- 
 position, and be saved. T. Fuller, Serm. at St. Dmi- 
 stana in the East. London, 1647. And see in p. 230, 
 a passage upon Blaspheinous Language. Also a passage 
 upon the true measure of justice, too familiarly illustrated 
 from Edward the First making the measure of his arm 
 the standard yard measure of the kingdom ; so the coun- 
 sel of the divine will is the standard of his justice, and 
 should be of ours. Spencer, p. 231. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 321 
 
 The. Resurrection. Fuller, 1648. Spencer, p. 148, 589. 
 
 I HAVE stood in a smith's forge, and seen him put a 
 rusty, cold, dull piece of iron into the fire, and after 
 awhile he hath taken the same piece, the very same, 
 numerical, individual piece of iron out of the fire, but 
 bright, sparkling. And thus it is with our bodies ; they 
 are laid down in the grave, dead, heavy, earthly ; but 
 at the resurrection, this mortal shall put on immortality, 
 at that general conflagration, this dead, heavy, earthly 
 body shall arise living, lightsome, glorious ; which made 
 Job so confident; I know that my Redeemer liveth, and 
 that with these eyes I shall see him, xix. 25. T. Fuller, 
 Ser. St. Clem. London, 1648. 
 
 Spencer records in p. 153, a passage from our author's 
 sermon at St. Clement's, Eastcheap, 1648, upon the 
 difficulty which little children find in pronouncing the 
 petition forgive us our trespasses as we forgive them that 
 trespass against us. " The reason is, because of the 
 harshness of the sound, the reiteration of one and the 
 same words, the multiplicity of the consonants, and the 
 like. It were to be wished, that that which they are so 
 often out at, we could be more frequently in at, that 
 what is not easy for their shallow heads to conceive, may 
 not be too hard for our more experimental hearts to 
 practise. But it is hard indeed. Why else did Christ 
 make a comment on that petition, passing by the other 
 five when he taught his disciples to pray ? And hence 
 it is, that injuries are registered in sheets of marble to all 
 posterity, whilst benefits are written in the sand, ready 
 to be dashed out by the foot of the next that passeth 
 by." There is a similar observation in our author's 
 Iriple Reconciler. 
 
 Y 
 
322 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 T. Fuller, Ser. at St. Clems, Lond. 1649. 
 Spencer y p. 143. 
 
 The Merchants of London petitioned Queen Elizabeth, 
 that they might but have liberty to level the town of 
 Dunkirk (a place at that time very obnoxious to the 
 safety of the merchants' trade) and they would do it at 
 their own charges. The Queen by the advice of her 
 council returns them an answer in the negative; she 
 could not do it. What, not suffer them to beat hers 
 and their enemies? not to fire such a nest of hornets? 
 not to demolish such a piratical town as that was ? No, 
 it must not be. And why? she knew well that it would 
 not do amiss that they should be always sensible of so 
 near and so offensive an enemy, and so be always pre- 
 paring and prepared to defend themselves and the state 
 of the whole kingdom ; which took a right effect. For 
 hereupon all turn men of war ; hardly a boat but is 
 manned out for service, which otherwise might have 
 either rotted in the harbour, or ridden securely at anchor. 
 Thus God, when his dear children cry out unto him to 
 be delivered from the body of sin, that sin may not reign 
 in their mortal bodies. He so far granteth their requests, 
 that by the special dispensations of his Holy Spirit, sin 
 shall not prevail over them : not but that sins of infirmity 
 shall still cleave to the best of his children here in this 
 world. Why? because they shall still be upon the guard, 
 in a posture of defence, resisting the devil, quitting them- 
 selves like men, who otherwise might live in all se- 
 curity.* 
 
 i.e. carelessness. 
 
APPENlf LX. 
 
 323 
 
 Knowledge and Learning to he ' owned wheresoever 
 they be found. 
 
 From a Sermon at S. Clem. London, 1649. 
 
 It is observed that the Egyptians had idols and very 
 heavy burthens ; these the Israelites detested ; but they 
 had withal vessels of gold and silver, and these according 
 to God's command [Exod. xi. 12,] they made a religious 
 use of. One seeing Virgil very studious in a dull piece 
 of Ennius' poetry, asked him what he did with that book. 
 He answered, Ze^o auruni in stercore, I am gathering gold 
 out of a dunghill. Thus it is that knowledge is to be 
 owned whensoever or in whomsoever it is found : /as 
 est et ah hosie doceri: a man may learn of his enemy ; 
 nay, aliena pericula, another man's harms, may teach us 
 how to beware. Much of morality may be picked up 
 from the heathens ; much of the knowledge of God from 
 philosophers ; much of learning from the poets ; and 
 much of divine truth from some of our well read adver- 
 saries of Rome, of whom it may be said, as it was some- 
 times of another [Origen], Ubi bent nemo melius ; ubi 
 male nemo pejus. Where they have written truth, as iu 
 mere speculative points of God, the blessed Trinity, &c. 
 there no man better ; and there it is that, as the Israelites, 
 so we may go down to the Philistines' forges to whet our 
 swords and spears, to be furnished with sharp arguments 
 and solid reasons to the confutation of false and heretical 
 opinions. But where they have roved from the truth, as 
 in the doctrine of merit, indulgences, &c. where you shall 
 be sure always to find a Matthew sitting at the receipt of 
 custom, there no man worse ; and there we may and 
 must forsake them. Spencer, p. 412. 
 
324 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 A.D. 1650. Consideration of God's omnipresence to he 
 the sinner s curb. 
 
 Camden, in his Britannia, raaketh mention of a great 
 high hill in Staffordshire called Weever, under which 
 there is a little village called Wotton ; now this village 
 being seated in so sad a dreary dolesome place, the sun 
 not shining into it any farther than on the tops of the 
 houses, by reason of the height of the hills overtopping 
 it, the people of the place have been observed to chant 
 out this note : 
 
 Wot ion under Weever, 
 Where God came never. 
 
 This now were an excellent place for a rapacious rich 
 man to make a purchase of, and then to plant a colony 
 there, where God came never ; a good place for drunk- 
 ards to swill in, for epicures to surfeit in, for the volup- 
 tuous to take pleasure in, for the prodigal to riot in. 
 But let them all know that God is at Wotton, and God 
 is with them all in all places, at all times, every where 
 includedy no where excluded. Whither shall I fly, saith 
 David, from thy presence ? Tho. Fuller s Serm. at Clem. 
 Eastch. Lond. 1650. Spencer , p. 128. 
 
 God a merciful God. 
 
 There happens sometimes in England, such assizes as 
 are called the Maiden assizes, that is, when the offences 
 brought to the bar, do not reach to the taking away of 
 life, so that there is not any execution : whereupon the 
 high sheriff of the county, presents the judges at their 
 departure, with white gloves, to wear in commemoration 
 of the mercies then showed to offenders, which, perhaps, 
 by the strict rule of justice, might have been cut off. 
 Such an assizes as this God now keeps. We sin daily ; 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 325 
 
 we offend hourly, and are, therefore, guilty of death 
 eternal ; but God wooes and entreats us to come in, pro- 
 miseth life eternal, nay, binds it with an oath, As I live, 
 saith he, I will not the death of a sinner. Let us then 
 return unto him white hands, candid thoughts^ clean hearts, 
 and then rest assured that He will look upon us, neither 
 black with revenge, nor red with anger, but with a smooth 
 brow and smiling countenance receive us into mercy. 
 Serm. at S. Clem. London, 1650. Spencer, p. 234. 
 
 II. 
 
 As lawyers in this captious age of ours, when they draw 
 up any conveyances of lands, or other writings of con- 
 cernment betwixt party and party, are fain to put in 
 many aequivocal terms of one and the same signification, 
 as, to have and to hold, occupy and enjoy lands, tene- 
 ments, hereditaments, profits, emoluments ; to remise, 
 release, acquit, discharge, exonerate of and from all man- 
 ner of actions, suits, debts, trespasses, &c. and all this 
 to make sure work, so that if one word will not hold in 
 law, another may; thus God when he shows himself to 
 his people in love, he varies his expressions, as he did to 
 the Israelites (Exod. xxxiv. 6, 7), The Lord, the Lord 
 Qod merciful and gracious, long suffering and abundant in 
 goodness and truth, keeping mercies for thousands, for- 
 giving iniquity, transgression, and sin, &c. Here's an 
 homonomy of words, all synonymous. And why so ? to raise 
 up the drooping soul, to bind up the broken heart, that 
 if it chance to stumble at one expression, it may be sup- 
 ported by another. If one word will not reach, another 
 may. His mind is, that the poor soul may rather leave 
 than lack when it comes to draw comfort out of the breasts 
 of mercy. Ihid. p. 235. 
 
326 
 
 AFPENDIX. 
 
 The generality of Go(Vs knowledge. 
 It is said of King Edward the Sixth, that he knew all 
 the ports, havens, harbours, and creeks in and about the 
 English coasts, together with the depth and shallows of 
 the water, as also the several burthens of every ship that 
 could ride there with safety. Yet this was but a puny 
 knowledge in that young king, when we look upon the 
 general knowledge of God. He knows all things, — all 
 creatures. Nothing is hid from his knowledge. He 
 knows the thoughts of man afar off: He knows what 
 he will think many years hence if he live to it. He 
 knows the stars by their names. Whereas our eyes are 
 dim, they small, the distance great, yet his infinite essence 
 is a vast nomenclature of them all. Such and so general 
 is the knowledge of our all-knowing God, that he knows 
 all things also simul, semel, et uno intuitu, all at once, 
 both things past, present, and to come. From a Serm. 
 at S. Clem. 1650. Spencer, p. 236. 
 
 The great danger of slighting the least sin. 
 General Norris one of the ancients of that noble 
 family, having (as he thought) received a slight wound 
 in the wars of Ireland, neglected the same, presuming 
 belike, that the balsam of his own body, without calling 
 in for those other auxiliaries of art, would have wrought 
 the cure : but so it was, that his arm gangrened, and 
 both arm and life were lost together. Thus it was with 
 him in the body natural ; and thus it will be too in the 
 body spiritual. The least of sins, therefore, is to be 
 avoided, the least growth of sin to be prevented. The 
 cockatrice must be crushed in the egg ; else it will soon 
 become a serpent. The very thought of sin if not thought 
 on, will break out into action, action into custom, cus- 
 tom into habit, and then actum est de corpore et anima ; 
 both body and soul are irrecoverably lost to all eternity. 
 Serm. at St. Clem. Lond. 1650. Ibid. p. 256. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 327 
 
 From a Sermon by Tho. Fuller at St. Clemenfs, East- 
 cheap, A. D. 1652. 
 
 Graces of the Spirit to be held fast in the midst of tem- 
 poral losses. 
 
 As it is with a man in a wreck at sea, when all is cast 
 overboard, the victuals that feed him, the cloths that 
 should keep him warm, yet he swims to the shore with 
 his life in his hand ; or as it is with a valiant standard- 
 bearer that carries the banner in the time of battle, if he 
 sees all lost, he wraps the banner about his body, and 
 chooseth rather to die in that as his winding sheet, than 
 let any man take it from him or spoil him of it ; he will 
 hold that fast, though he lose his life with it. Thus Job 
 in all his troubles is said to hold fast his integrity.* And 
 so must all of us do, hold our spirituals, whatsoever be- 
 comes of our temporals. When wife and children, and 
 friends, and liberty, and life, and all's a going, say unto 
 peace of conscience, to innocency and integrity, as Jacob 
 said to the angel, (whether they be those summer-graces 
 of prosperity, as joy and thanksgiving ; or the winter 
 graces of adversity, as patience and perseverance ; or the 
 grace of humihty that is always in season,) We will noi 
 let ye go ; for indeed there is no blessing without them. 
 There's not a man upon the face of the earth, but if he 
 be of an heavenly temper and spiritual resolution, will, 
 in the greatest storm, in the hottest assault, wrap him- 
 self round about with his integrity, and will not let it 
 go, till he go along with it. 
 
 * Job ii. 4. 
 
328 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 From a Sermon hy Fuller at St, Botolph'sy Bishopgate, 
 1653. 
 
 Curious inquisitors into God's seci^ets deservedly punished. 
 
 It is recorded of one Sir William Champney, in the 
 reign of King Henry the Third, that, living in Tower 
 Street, London, he was the first man that ever builded a 
 turret on the top of his house, that he might the better 
 overlook all his neighbours ; but it so happened that not 
 long after, he was struck blind, so that he which would 
 see more than others, saw just nothing at all ; a sad 
 judgment ! And thus it is just with God, when men of 
 towering high thoughts must needs be prying into those 
 arcana Dei, the hidden secrets of God, that they should 
 be struck blind on the place, and come tumbling down 
 in the midst of their so curious inquiry. At the ascen- 
 sion of Christ, it is said that he was taken up in a cloud, 
 being entered into his presence chamber, a curtain as it 
 were, was drawn to hinder his disciples gazing^ and our 
 further peeping ; yet for all that a man may be pius pul- 
 satory though not temerarius scrutator ; he may modestly 
 knock at the counsel-door of God's secrets, but if he 
 enter further, he may assure himself to be more bold 
 than welcome. Spencer, p. 554. 
 
 From a Sermon by Fuller preached at St. Bride's, London, 
 1655; occasioned by a motion of bringing in of the 
 Jews into England. 
 
 It is a maritime observation, that if a thick fog darken 
 the air, there is then (the great God of heaven and earth 
 having in his providence so ordered it) no storm, no tem- 
 pestuous weather : and if it be so that a storm arise, then 
 the sky is somewhat clear and lightsome. For, were it 
 otherwise, no ship at sea, nor boat in any navigable river 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 329 
 
 could ride or sail in safety, but would clash and fall foul 
 one upon another. Such is the sad condition of every 
 soul amongst us, wherein ignorance and wilfulness have 
 set up their rest together. And why ? because that if a 
 man were ignorant only, and not wilful, then the breath 
 of wholesome precepts and good counsel might in time 
 expel those thick mists of darkness that cloud his under- 
 standing. And were he wilful and not ignorant, then it 
 were to be hoped that God in his good time, would 
 rectify his mind, and bring him to the knowledge of him- 
 self. But when the storm and the fog meet ; when wil- 
 fulness and ignorance (as at this day amongst the Jews, 
 and too, too many Christians,) do close together, nothing 
 without the greater mercies of God, can befall that poor 
 shipwrecked soul, but ruin and destruction. Spencer, 
 p. 645. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. Page 290. 
 
 Mixt Contemplations in these times. No. 46, p. 256, 
 ed. Pickering. " Some alive will be deposed for the 
 truth of this strange accident, though I forbear naming 
 of place or persons." The person was Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 " His very infancy (if w^e believe what Mr. Audley, 
 brother to the famous civilian, says he had heard some 
 old men tell his grandfather) was marked with a peculiar 
 accident, that seemed to threaten the existence of the fu- 
 ture Protector ; for his grandfather, Sir Henry Cromwell, 
 having sent for him to Hinchinbrook, when an infant in 
 arms, a monkey took him from the cradle, and ran with 
 him upon the lead that covered the roofing of the house. 
 Alarmed at the danger Oliver was in, the family brought 
 beds to catch him upon, fearing the creature's dropping 
 him ; but the sagacious animal brought the * fortune of 
 England' down in safety : so narrow an escape had he, 
 who was doomed to be the conqueror and sovereign ma- 
 
330 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 gisti-ate of three mighty nations, from the paws of a 
 monkey." Noble's Memoirs of the Cromwell Family^ 
 vol. i. p. ^2, from the Rev. Dr. Lorfs MSS. 
 
 Page 290. In p. 104 of the anonymous Life of Dr. 
 Fuller, he is said to have gone to the Hague in the re- 
 tinue of a noble lord as his chaplain. 
 
 There is a notice of Dr. Fuller to this effect in p. 46 
 of the first volume of Pepys' Diary, in the hasty and un- 
 finished manner of that writer. 
 
 Again, there is the following notice of our author in 
 p. 92 : 21 Jan. 1661. " I met with Dr. Tho. Fuller. 
 He tells me of his last and great book that is coming out, 
 that is, the History of the Families in England, and could 
 tell me more of my own than I knew myself. And also 
 to what perfection he hath brought the art of memory, 
 that he did lately to four eminently great scholars dictate 
 together in Latin, upon different subjects of their pro- 
 posing, faster than they were able to write, till they were 
 tired; and that the best way of beginning a sentence, if 
 a man should be out and forget his last sentence (which 
 he never was) that his last refuge is to begin with an 
 utcunque. Sam. Pepys'' Diary, vol. i. p. 92. 
 
 He also mentions that he heard Fuller preach at the 
 Savoy from Job xiv. 14, on May 12, 1661. 
 
 At p. 310, is the following: — " I walked to Cheap- 
 side, to see the effect of a fire there this morning since 
 four o'clock, which I find in the house of Mr. Bois, that 
 married Dr. Fuller's niece. I am very sorry for them for 
 the doctor's sake," &c. 
 
 On the north side of the chancel in Cranford Church, 
 is the monument of Dr. Fuller, with this inscription : — 
 
 Hie jacet Thomas Fuller e Collegio Sydneiano in 
 Academia Cantabrigiense STD. hujus ecclesijE Rector; 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 331 
 
 ingenii acumine, memorise felicitate, morum probitate, 
 omnigena doctrin^ (historia praesertim) ut varia ejus 
 summa aequanimitate composita testantur, celeberrimus. 
 Qui dum viros Angliae illustres opere posthumo immor- 
 talitate consecrare meditatus est, ipse immortalitatem est 
 consecutus. Aug. 15, 1661. 
 
 In the notes to the memoir of Dr. Fuller in the Bio- 
 graphia Britannica, is a reference purporting to belong to 
 his will. This reference was examined on the spot, and 
 found to be incorrect, first, some 'few years since by my 
 very excellent and highly valued friend, Mr. William 
 Martin, late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 
 and now Chief Justice of New Zealand. My very able 
 and excellent friend, the Rev. George C. Gorham,(welI 
 known amongst antiquaries by his History of St. Neot's) 
 also searched, and found Laud 48" to be the will of 
 one Thomas Fuller of Barking, in Essex, made in 1662. 
 He moreover discovered by an entry in another Regis- 
 tration Court, that Dr. Fuller died intestate. 
 
332 
 
 WORKS OF 
 
 WORKS OF THOMAS FULLER. 
 
 |A.VID'S Hainous Sin, Heartie Repentance, 
 and Heavie Punishment. [Poems] By Tho- 
 mas Fuller, Master of Arts, of Sidney Col- 
 lege, in Cambridge, 1 8mo. London. Printed 
 by T. Coates. 
 
 1639. History of the Holy War. By Th. Fuller, 
 B. D. Prebendary of Sarum, late of Sidney Colledge, 
 in Cambridge. Printed by Thos. Buck. 2d ed. 1640. 
 3d ed. 1647. Cambridge, by R. Daniel, folio, 
 
 1640. A Sermon or Sermons in epj^i/otfcoe. The House 
 of Mourning Furnished, folio. 
 
 1640. Joseph's Parti-coloured Coat ; containing a com- 
 ment on part of the 11 Chapter of 1st Episl. of St. 
 Paul to the Corinthians, together with several (8) Ser- 
 mons. 4to. Lond. by John Dawson for John Wil- 
 liams. 
 
 1641. A brief notice of Dean Colet in Myriel's Daily 
 Devotions, &c. written by John Colet, Doctor in Di- 
 vinity, and sometime Dean of St. Paul's, London. 
 24mo. 
 
 1642. The Holy State and the Profane State, by Thomas 
 Fuller, Bachelor of Divinity and Prebendary of Sarum. 
 folio. Cambridge, by Roger Daniel. 2d ed. 1648. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 333 
 
 A. D. 
 
 Cambridge. Printed by R. D. for John Williams. 
 3rd edit. 1652. 4th ed. 1663. 
 
 1642. A Fast Sermon, preached on Innocent's Day, by 
 Tho. Fuller, B.D. Minister of the Savoy. 4to. Lon- 
 don, Printed by L. N. and R. C. for John Williams, 
 at the Crown, 1642 ; again 1643. 
 
 This sermon was reprinted in 1654, together with 
 
 A Sermon, preached at the collegiate church of S. Peter 
 in Westminster, on the 27th of March, being the day 
 of His Majesties Inauguration. London. For John 
 Williams, at the Crown in S.IPaul's Churchyard. 4to. 
 
 In the edition of 1654, the name of the printer, 
 Williayn Bentler/, is added. 
 
 A Sermon of Reformation, preached at the Church of 
 the Savoy, last Fast Day, July 27, 1643, by Tho. 
 Fuller, B. A. and Minister there. I approve this Ser- 
 mon as orthodox and useful. John Downam. 4to. 
 London. Printed by T. B. for J. Williams, at the 
 Crown, 1643. . Another edit. ' London, printed in the 
 yeare of our Lord, 1643.* 
 
 Truth Maintained, or Positions delivered in a Sermon at 
 the Savoy : since traduced for dangerous : now asserted 
 for sound and safe. Oxford, 1643. 4 to. 
 
 1645. Good Thoughts in Bad Times. 18mo. by R. C. 
 for Andrew Crook and John Williams. Another 
 edition, Exeter, 1645. Lond. 1647 — again, with the 
 Second Century, or Good Thoughts in Bad Times, 
 1647. Afterwards the same edition with another title 
 called, Good Thoughts in Worse Times, 1647. Other 
 editions printed 1649, 1652, 1657, 1669, 1680. 
 
 1646. Andronicus, or The Unfortunate Politician, show- 
 ing Sin stoutly punished, Right surely rescued . Eccles. 
 viii. 11, by Tho. Fuller, B.D. London. Printed by 
 
334 
 
 WORKS OF 
 
 A.D. 
 
 W. Wilson, for John Williams, at the Crown in St. 
 Paul's Churchyard, 1646. 12mo. — again 1649. 
 
 1646. Fear of losing the Old Light, a Sermon Preached 
 in Exeter, by Tho. Fuller, B. D. 4lo. London. 
 Printed by T. H. ? for John Williams, at the sign of 
 the Crown in Paul's Churchyard. 
 
 1647. The Cause and Cure of a Wounded Conscience, 
 by Tho. Fuller, B. D. Prov. xviii. 14. London. 
 Printed for John Williams, at the Crown in S. Paul's 
 Churchyard, 1647. 1649. 12mo. 
 
 1647. Good Thoughts in Worse Times. Consisting of 
 Personal Meditations; Scripture Observations; Me- 
 ditations on the Times ; Meditations on all kinds of 
 Prayer; Occasional Meditations: by Tho. Fuller, 
 B.D. London : J. Williams, 1647. 12mo. 
 
 1647. Sermon on Assurance. Foureteene Yeares agoe 
 Preached in Cambridge, since in other places. Now 
 by the importunity of Friends exposed to Publicke 
 View, by Tho. Fuller, B. D. late Lecturer in Lombard 
 Street. 4to. London, &c. 1648. 
 
 1648. A Sermon of Contentment, by T. F. a Minister 
 of God's Word. Phillip.iv.il. London. Printed 
 by J. D. for John Williams, at the Crown, St. Paul's 
 Churchyard, 1648. 12mo. 
 
 1649. The Just Man's Funeral Sermon, lately delivered 
 in a Sermon at Chelsey, before several persons of 
 Honour and Worship. 4to. Lond. by William Bent- 
 ley, for John Williams. 
 
 1650. A Pisgah Sight of Palestine and the Confines 
 thereof, with the History of the Old and New Testa- 
 ment acted thereon, by Tho. Fuller, B. D. Gen. xliii. 
 11, Jer. viii. 7. London. Printed by J.F. for John 
 Williams, at the sign of the Crown in Paul's Church- 
 yard, 1650. folio. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D.D. 335 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1651. Abel Redivivus, or The Dead yet speaking. The 
 Lives and Deaths of the Moderne Divines. Written 
 by several able and learned men, &c. London. 
 Printed by Tho. Brudenell, for John Stafford, dwelling 
 in Bride's Churchyard, near Fleet Street, 1651. 4to. 
 
 1651. Preface to The Valley of Vision, or a clear sight 
 of sundry sacred truths. Delivered in tw^enty-one 
 sermons, by Dr. Holdsworth. 4to. 
 
 1652. A Comment on the eleven first verses of the 
 fourth chapter of S. Matthew's Gospel, concerning 
 Christ's Temptations. Delivered in 12 Sermons, at 
 St. Clement's, Eastcheap, London, by Thomas Fuller, 
 B.D. and Minister of Waltham Abbey, in Essex. 
 London. Printed by J. Cotterell, for G. Eversden, 
 at the Golden Bull in Aldersgate Street, 1652 ; to- 
 gether with The Just Man's Funeral, lately delivered 
 in a Sermon at Chelsey, before several persons of 
 honour and worship, by Tho. Fuller. London. Printed 
 by J. C. for J. W. and G. F. and are to be sold at the 
 Golden Bull in Aldersgate Street, 1652. 
 
 1653. Perfection and Peace, Delivered in a Sermon 
 preached at the chapel of the Rt. Worshipful Sir Robt. 
 Cooke ; Dyrdans, by Tho. Fuller, B.D. 8vo. Lon- 
 don. R. Norton, for J. Williams. 
 
 1653. The Infant's Advocate. Deut. xxix. 11, 12. 
 Printed by R. Norton, for J. Williams, at the Crown 
 in St. Paul's Churchyard, 8vo. 
 
 1654. A Comment on Ruth, together with Two Ser- 
 mons ; Comfort in Calamity, and the Grand Assize. 
 8vo. Printed for G. and H. Everden, and are to be had 
 at the sign of the Greyhound in Paul's Churchyard, 
 
 1654-5. A Triple Reconciler, stating the Controversies, 
 Whether Ministers have an exclusive power of com- 
 municants from the Sacrament : whether Any persons 
 
336 WORKS OF 
 
 A.D. 
 
 unordained may lawfully preach : whether The Lord's 
 Prayer ought to be used by all Christians : by Tho. 
 Fuller, B. D. London. Printed by Will. Bentley, 
 for Wm. Shears, at the Bible in S. Paul's Church- 
 yard. Anno Dom. 1654. 8vo. 
 
 1655. Life out of Death, Preached at Chelsea, on the 
 recovery of an Honourable Person [Sir John, father 
 of Miss Anne Danvers]. Printed by John Williams, 
 at the Crown in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1655. 8vo. 
 
 1554. Ephemeris Parliamentaria, A Faithful Register 
 of the Transactions in Parliament, in the third and 
 fourth years of the reign of our late Sovereign Lord, 
 King Charles : containing the several speeches, cases, 
 and arguments of Law, transacted between his Ma- 
 jesty and both Houses : together with the Grand Mys- 
 teries of the Kingdom then in agitation, folio, Lond. 
 for John Williams — a new title was printed 1658. 
 The Soveraigns Prerogative and the Subjects Privi- 
 ledge. Lond. for Hen. Marsh : a third title was printed 
 and called 2nd edit. — Lond. for Hen. Marsh, 1660. 
 
 1655. The Church History of Britain, from the birth of 
 Jesus Christ until the year 1648, Endeavoured by 
 Thomas Fuller. Also The Historie of the University 
 of Cambridge, and of the Parish of Waltham. folio. 
 
 1656-7. The best name in Earth, with several other Ser- 
 mons, Preached at S. Bride's, and in other places : The 
 Worst of Evils ; Strange Justice; The Snare Broken, 
 a Sermon on November 5, 1633. 8vo. Lond. R. D. 
 for John Stafford, — again 1659, with the above title 
 printed for the use of William Byron, Gent. 
 
 1657. A Collection of Sermons : 1. The Best of Em- 
 ployment ; 2. A Gift for God alone ; 3. The True Pe- 
 nitent; 4. The Best Act of Oblivion; together with 
 Notes upon Jonah. 8vo. Lond. for John Stafford. 
 
THOMAS FULLER, D. D. 
 
 337 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1657. A Funeral Sermon preached at St. Clement 
 Danes, at the funeral of Mr. George Heycock. 4to. 
 Lond. by R. W. Anno Dom. 1657. 
 
 1658. Preface to KAINA KAI HAAAIA, or a Store- 
 house of Similes, Sentences, &c. by John Spencer, 
 Librarian to Sion College. Folio. 
 
 1659. Appeal of Injured Innocence: unto the Reli- 
 gious, Learned, and Ingenuous Reader. In a Con- 
 troversy betwixt the Animadvertor, Dr. Peter Heylyn, 
 and the author Thomas Fuller. Folio, London. 
 Printed by W. Godbid, and are to be sold by John 
 Williams, at the Crown in St. Paul's Churchyard. 
 1659. 
 
 1659. His Prayer before Sermon, in Pulpit Sparks, or 
 Choice Forms of Prayer by several Reverend and 
 Godly Divines, used by them both before and after 
 Sermon, with other prayers, for extraordinary occa- 
 sions, together with Dr. Hewytt^s Last Prayer, Lon- 
 don. Printed for W. Gilbertson, at the Bible in 
 Giltspur Street, 1658. 
 
 1660. Mixt Contemplations in Better Times. 12mo. 
 Lond. 
 
 1660. Ornitho-logie : or the Speech of Birds : also the 
 Speech of Flowers. Partly Morall, Partly Mysticall, 
 Being a Historical Relation of these Times. By Tho. 
 Fuller, Batchelor in Divinity. London. Printed for 
 Tho. Rookes, and are to be sold at the sign of the 
 Holy Lamb, at the East end of St. Paul's Church, 1 660, 
 12mo. Another title, 1663. 
 
 1660. A Panegyrick to His Majesty on his Happy Re- 
 turn, by Thomas Fuller, B. D. 4to. London. Printed 
 for John Playford, at his shop in the Temple. 
 
 1662. The History of the Worthies of England, &c. 
 Endeavoured by Tho. Fuller, D. D. London. Printed 
 
 z 
 
338 
 
 WORKS OF DR. FULLER. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 by J. G. W. L. and W. G. for Thomas Williams, 
 and are to be sold at the sign of the Bible in Little 
 Britain, 1662,/o/io; ed. J. Nichols, 1811. 4to. 2 vols. 
 
 There are also attributed to Fuller, but whether rightly 
 or not, has not as yet been ascertained : 
 
 The Life of the Rev. Henry Smith, prefixed to his Select 
 
 Discourses. 4to. 
 Triana, a Threefold Romanza, 1664. 12mo. 
 A Tract in Latin, concerning the Church, not perfected 
 
 by him. 
 
 The two last are included in a Catalogue of Fuller's 
 Works at the end of the Anonymous Life of our Au- 
 thor, 1661. 
 
 In Ay res and Dialogues, &:c. by Henry Lawes, 1653, 
 fol. is a translation by Dr. Fuller of a sacred echo-song, 
 beginning Imbre lacrymarum largo. 
 
 He also wrote two copies of laudatory verses prefixed 
 to Dr. Sparke's Scintilla Altaris, a work comprising 
 prayers and contemplations, both in prose and verse, 
 upon the fasts and festivals of the Church of England. 
 The sixth edition of this work appeared in a.d. 1678, 
 with a portrait of Dr. Edward Sparke. 
 
INDEX. 
 
EX. 
 
 ^y^^ B B^O T, Archbi- 
 
 ^jjg^^l^ Abel RedivivTis, 
 FuUer's, 180, 
 
 181. 
 
 Achurch Thorpe, Church of, 
 3. 
 
 Adams, Sir Thomas, 110. 
 Adams, 3Ielchior, 181. 
 Affliction, 44, 148, 149. 
 Alabaster, \\ illiam, 7, 8. 
 Aldwinckle, All Saints, 3, 4. 
 Aldwinckle, St. Peter's, 2, 3, 
 
 5, 7, 57. 
 Ames, Dr. William, 15. 
 Andrewes, Bishop, 12, 13, 
 
 15, 53, 121, 155, 181, 199, 
 
 274. 
 
 Antiquaries, Church, 116. 
 
 Appeal of Injured Innocence, 
 Fuller's, 236, 237, 238, 239, 
 243, 257, 259, 265, 266, 270, 
 271, 272, 273, 274, 277, 
 278, 287. 
 
 Appleton, Rev. James, Vicar 
 of St. Xeot's, 54. 
 
 Archer, Sir Simun, 279. 
 
 Ashmole, Elias, 281. 
 
 Assurance, the Doctrine of, 
 57-62. 
 
 Augrustm-, St. 46, 47. 
 
 Avlmer, Bishop, 253. 
 
 Ball, John, 137. 
 Baltinglass, the Lady Anne 
 
 Viscountess, 269. 
 Banchor, the Plonks of, 240. 
 Bancroft, Archbishop, 269. 
 Baptism, 101, 187-205. 
 Barlow, Bishop William, 15. 
 Barnard, Henry, 112. 
 Basing House, 152. 
 Battle Abbey, the Roll of, 
 
 241. 
 
 Becket, Thomas a, 241. 
 Bedford, Anne Countess of, 
 168. 
 
 Belk, William, 292, 
 Bellarmine, 8, 282. 
 Benet's, St. Cambridsre, 43, 
 57. 
 
 Bendlowes, Edward, 32. 
 
 Berkeley, George Lord, 154, 
 183, 287, 297. 
 
 Bethell, Bishop, on Regene- 
 ration, 188, 189, 200. 
 
 Biddulph, Theophilus, 110. 
 
 Bilson, Bishop, 26, 53, 270. 
 
 Bishops at the Restoration 
 147. 
 
 Blunt's, Professor, Sketch of 
 the Reformation, 34, 240, 
 244, 263, 264. 
 
 Boleyn, Dr. George, 53. 
 
 Bolton, Samuel, 164. 
 
 Bolton, Stephen, 175. 
 
 Bond, Mr. 156. 
 Z 2 
 
342 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bonnell, Simeon, 110. 
 
 Booth, John, 37. 
 
 Bowyer, Thomas, 112 ; Fran- 
 cis, 112. 
 
 Boynton, Francis, 187. 
 
 Bretton, Clement, 38, 39. 
 
 Brewerton, John, 31. 
 
 Brides, St. Fleet Street, Ful- 
 ler Lecturer at, 163. 
 
 Bright, Henry, of Worcester, 
 27. 
 
 Brightman, Mr. 35. 
 British Critic, 120, 121. 
 Broad Windsor, 63, 64. 
 Browne, Gregory, 64. 
 Brownrigg, Bishop, 25, 75, 
 
 112, 113, 114, 290. 
 Buckeridge, Bishop, 218. 
 Buckly, William, of Queen's 
 
 College, Cambridge, 35. 
 Burghley, Tho. Cecil Lord, 
 
 16 ; John, 17. 
 
 Calvin, on the Church of 
 Rome, 250. 
 
 Carey, Valentine, Bishop of 
 Exeter, 14-16. 
 
 Carey, John, 281. 
 
 Carlisle, James Hay, Earl of, 
 154, 168. 
 
 Caves, Family of the, Leices- 
 tershire, 6. 
 
 Ceremonies, 77, 275. 
 
 Cliarles 1. Fuller's character 
 of, 128-130 ; Funeral Ser- 
 mon for, 165. 
 
 Chase, Richard, 29. 
 
 Cheney, Charles, Esq. 280. 
 
 Christian, the name of, 289. 
 
 Christmas, William and Ro- 
 bert, 110. 
 
 Chrysostom, St. 47. 
 
 Church History, Sources of. 
 Fuller's, 236, 237. 
 
 Circumcision, 188, 189, 191. 
 
 Clement's, St. East Cheap, 
 162-164, 206. 
 
 Clerke, John, of Farnham, 5 ; 
 
 Mrs. Clerke, Fuller's great 
 grandmother, 6. 
 
 Clifton, ClilFord, 280. 
 
 Cobham, Death of. Lord, 257. 
 
 Cockayne, William and Ro- 
 ger, 112. 
 
 Colet, Dean, 106. 
 
 Collins, Dr, 25. 
 
 Communicants, Examination 
 of, 214-218. 
 
 Communion, Frequent, 90. 
 
 Communion, the Holy, dis- 
 used for ten years in many 
 parishes, 222. 
 
 Conington, 53. 
 
 Convocation of 1640, 71-79. 
 
 Cooke, Sir Robert, 183. 
 
 Cooke, Sir William, 173. 
 
 Cordel, Sir Robert, 33, 173. 
 
 Cornelius, John, 66. 
 
 Cosin, Bishop, 253, 254. 
 
 Cottenham, Lord, 54. 
 
 Cotton, Bishop, 15. 
 
 Cotton, Francis, 53. 
 
 Coventry, Lord Keeper, 74. 
 
 Covert, Lady Jane, 83. 
 
 Cranfield, Lionel, Earl of 
 Middlesex, 149, 169. 
 
 Crane, William, Esq. 175. 
 
 Cranford, 287. 
 
 Cranmer, Archbishop, 263. 
 
 Credences, Bishop Sparrow 
 on, 276. 
 
 Creighton, Robert, 173. 
 
 Crofts, Mr. 36. 
 
 Dacres, Sir Thomas, 173. 
 Dalkeith, the Lady, 153. 
 D'Anvers, Sir John, 151, 163, 
 
 165, 167, 234. 
 Davenant, Bishop, 17-19, 22- 
 
 25, 51, 63, 107, 121, 256. 
 Davenport's Gloss upon the 
 
 Articles, 278. 
 Day, Dr. Martin, 81. 
 D'Ewes, Sir Symonds, 31. 
 Degree, Fuller takes his, of 
 
 B. D. 65, 66. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 343 
 
 Denny, Sir Edward, 168. 
 Dialogues of the Birds and 
 
 Flowers, Fuller's, 292. 
 Digby, John, Earl of Bristol, 
 
 154. 
 
 Dillingham, Francis, Tho- 
 mas, and Theophilus, 8. 
 
 Divine, the Controversial, 
 115. 
 
 Docwra, Thomas, Esq. 280. 
 Doddridge, Judge, 213. 
 Dominis, Marc Antony de, 
 273. 
 
 Donne, Dr. John, Dean of 
 
 St. Paul's, 13, 16. 
 Dove, Bishop, 25. 
 Downhara, John, 138, 146. 
 Downham, Bishop, 138, 221. 
 Drakes, Family of the, 64-. 
 Drake, Richard, 292. 
 Drayton, Drv, 13. 
 Druidism, 237. 
 Dugard, Richard, 27, 28; 
 
 William, 37. 
 Duncombe, William, Esq. 
 
 174. 
 
 Duport, Dr. 37, 38. 
 Duppa, Bishop, 108. 
 Durands, 171. 
 
 Eedes, Dr. 53. 
 Emulation, Holy, 50. 
 Ent, Sir George, 28, 29. 
 Ephemeris, Parliamentaria, 
 232. 
 
 Episcopal Government, Ful- 
 ler's Attachment to, 220, 
 221. 
 
 Exeter, Fuller's Stay at, 153- 
 158 ; Farewell Sermon at, 
 157; Remarkable Occur- 
 rence at, 157, 158 ; Churches 
 sold at, 292. 
 
 Faber's Provincial Letters, 
 470. 
 
 Faith, the Sincerity of, how 
 known, 161. 
 
 Fanaticism, 291. 
 Fasts, the monthly, 155. 
 Fathers, the, 9,10,^45-48,138. 
 Fear, Godly, 50. 
 Featlv, Dr. 181. 
 Felton, Bishop, 11, 12, 114, 
 179. 
 
 Fenton, Dr. Roger, 10-13. 
 
 Feme, Dr. Bishop of Chi- 
 chester, 40. 
 
 Ferrars, John, Esq. 280. 
 
 Feversham, Lord, 175. 
 
 Fisher, Thomas, I3t. 174. 
 
 Fitzjames, J. Esq. 65. 
 
 Fountain, Lady jNIary, 280. 
 
 Fox, John, his family pos- 
 sessed of an estate at Wal- 
 tham Abbey, 187. 
 
 Frankfort, Troubles of, 265. 
 
 Friends, True, to be trusted, 
 50; Friendship, 96. 
 
 Fuller, Thomas, B. D. father 
 of Dr. T. Fuller, 7 ; His 
 friends, 10-15; Family, 16 ; 
 Death, 57. 
 
 Fuller, John, brother of Dr. 
 T. Fuller, 17, 56 ; Dr. Ful- 
 ler's sisters, 16, 17. 
 
 Fuller, John, son of Dr. Tho- 
 mas Fuller, 106, 286. 
 
 Fuller, Thomas, Dr. Thomas 
 Fuller's second son, 232. 
 
 Fuller, Douce, Esq. 279. 
 
 Fulletby, 28. 
 
 Gataker, 181 ; Charles, 29. 
 Gilbert, Dr. William, 171. 
 Gillv, Matthew, Esq. 171. 
 Gluttony, 96-100. 
 Gomersal, Robert, 64. 
 Grace, Growth in, 91-95 ; 
 
 all men have abused it, 
 
 211; Grace the sole cause 
 
 of Salvation, 212. 
 Gransden, Great, the Church 
 
 of, 4. 
 
 Greenham, Richard, 13, 14. 
 Grindal, Archbishop, 269. 
 
344 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Grove, Hugh, of Wilts, 6. 
 Gurney, Edmund, 33, 34. 
 Guyer, Sir John, 110. 
 
 Hacket, Bishop, 40, 75. 
 Hall, Bishop, 16, 28, 114, 
 
 115, 143, 169. 
 Harney, Dr. 164. 
 Hanson, Thomas, 111. 
 Hardy, Dr. Dean of Koches- 
 
 ter, 110, 297, 299. 
 Harrington, Sir Henry, 233. 
 Harvey, David, 113. 
 Hatley Cockayne, the Church 
 
 of, 4. 
 Hawnes, 36. 
 
 Heathen, state of the, 208. 
 Henrietta, the Princess, 153. 
 Herbert, George, 224, 270. 
 Heresy, 84. 
 
 Hertford, the Marchioness of, 
 151. 
 
 Heycock, George, 285, 286. 
 
 Heylyn, 238, 264, 265, 267- 
 272, 274. 
 
 Highworth, Zachary, 110. 
 
 Hitch, Dr. Dean of York, 38. 
 
 Hobson, Thomas, the Cam- 
 bridge Carrier, 51. 
 
 Holdsworth, Dr. 75, 182. 
 
 Holland's Heroologia, 18. 
 
 Homilies, the, 265-267. 
 
 Honey wood, William, 175. 
 
 Hooker, Richard, 245-255. 
 
 Hopton, Lord, 148, 151, 153. 
 
 Howe, John, 170. 
 
 Hutton, Henry, 38. 
 
 Idolatry of the Church of 
 Rome, 119 ; inconsistent 
 with the being of a Chris- 
 tian Church, 246-256. 
 
 Imputation, Justification by, 
 166, 184. 
 
 Infidelity, 284. ^ 
 
 Innovations, 275. 
 
 Ironside, Bishop, 64. 
 
 Irregularities in W orship, 
 222, 223, 225. 
 
 James, Thomas, 280. 
 
 Jews, the, 45, 176. 
 
 John's, St. College, Cam- 
 bridge, 119. 
 
 John, Oliver St. 29 ; Francis 
 St. 175. 
 
 Johnson, William, of Cam- 
 bridge, 39. 
 
 Jonah, Fuller's Notes upon, 
 284. 
 
 Judas, 219. 
 
 Judgment of Christians, 209- 
 213. 
 
 Kaye, Bishop, 85, 136. 
 Keble's, Professor, Sermon 
 
 on Tradition, 89. 
 Kemp, Joseph, 56. 
 King, Dr. Henry, Bishop of 
 
 Chichester, 12, 13, 108. 
 King, Dr. John, Bishop of 
 
 London, 12. 
 
 Lake, Bishop, 121. 
 Langham, Sir James, 111. 
 Laud, Archbishop, 15, 72, 
 
 111, 164, 258, 259. 
 Laxton, William, 57. 
 League and Covenant, Fuller 
 
 falsely accused of taking 
 
 the, 141. 
 Legends, Romish, 238, 239. 
 Leigh, Mr. Thomas, 175. 
 Library, Fuller's, 149, 150. 
 Lights in Churches, 116. 
 Lights, New, 137. 
 Liveden, 2, 
 
 Lloyd, Edward, Esq. 281. 
 Lord's, the. Prayer, 231, 232. 
 Love, Dr. Richard, 36. 
 Love Feasts, 85. 
 Lytton, Sir Rowland, 41,42. 
 
 Manchester, the Earl of, 30, 
 75. 
 
 Manners, Lady Frances, 158. 
 Mansell, Dr. 22-24. 
 Margaret's, St. Westminster, 
 170. 
 
INDEX, 
 
 345 
 
 Marriage, Fuller's first, 106; 
 
 second, 232. 
 Martyrs, the Marian, 120, 
 
 122. 
 
 Matthew, Archhishop, 122. 
 
 Maynard, William, second 
 son of Lord, 174. 
 
 Memory, Dr. Fuller's, 302. 
 
 Mercer's Company, the, 193. 
 
 Meriton, Dean, 35. 
 
 Mico, Samuel, 173. 
 
 Mixt Contemplations in Bet- 
 ter Times, 290. 
 
 Mole, Henry and John, 35. 
 
 Monachism, 119. 
 
 Monck, Lady, 290. 
 
 Montagu's, Basil, Selections, 
 115. 
 
 Montagu, Lord Chief Justice, 
 54. 
 
 Montagu, James, Bishop of 
 Winchester, 26, 52, 53. 
 
 Montagu, the first Lord, 52, 
 53 ; the second, 54, 55 ; 
 Edward his son, 56. 
 
 Montagu, James, 29 ; Wal- 
 ter, 29 ; William, 55 ; 
 Ralph, 56. 
 
 Monument, the most lasting, 
 50. 
 
 Morton, Bishop, his regard 
 for Dr. Fuller, 154. 
 
 Mounteigne, Archbishop, 17. 
 
 Mourning, the House of, fur- 
 nished, 80, 81. 
 
 Montagu's, Bishop, Appel- 
 lo Caesarem, 46. 
 
 Myriel, Henry, 106. 
 
 Napier, Sir Gerard, 64, 65. 
 Netherbury in Ecclesia, 51. 
 Nettles, Stephen, 36. 
 Neville, Charles, 35; Henry, 
 41. 
 
 Newton, Lady Elizabeth, 
 206. 
 
 Newton, Henry Pickering, 
 Esq. 281. 
 
 Nicolas, Dr. Dean of St. 
 
 Paul's, 108. 294, 295. 
 Norgate, Mr. Edward, 179. 
 North, Roger, 174. 
 Northampton, James, Earl 
 
 of, 109 ; Isabella, Countess 
 
 of, 183. 
 Norwich, Fuller's visit to, 69. 
 Novell, John, 66, 67. 
 Nowell, Dean, 112. 
 November the fifth of, 186. 
 
 Oakington, 19. 
 
 Oley, Barnabas, 4, 299. 
 
 Old or Wold, 17. 
 
 Ordinances, equality of Di- 
 vine, 116, 117. 
 
 Ordination, Necessity of, 
 225-230. 
 
 Osborne, Sir John, 36. 
 
 Oundle, 20, 57.* 
 
 Overall, Bishop, 10, 11, 13, 
 15. 
 
 Oxford, Fuller goes to, 142. 
 
 Palgrave, Edward, 57. 
 Palmer, Edward, Esq. of 
 
 Waltham, 172. 
 Parker, William, 175. 
 Parker, Archbishop, 268. 
 Paston, Sir William, 32. 
 Patrick, Bishop, 299. 
 Peace, Fuller s Sermon in 
 
 behalf of, 123-126. 
 Perfection, of, 183, 184. 
 Perkins, 119, 180. 
 Philips, John, 67. 
 Pigot, Richard, 175; John, 
 
 133. 
 
 Pilkington, Bishop, 233. 
 Pindar, Sir Paul, 175. 
 Pisgah Sight, Fuller's, 68, 
 
 174-179. 
 Plumptre, Rev. James, 299. 
 Poem, Fuller's first, 52. 
 Pontifical, Design for an 
 
 English, 78. 
 Poor, Fuller's Christian spirit 
 
 toward them, 263, 264. 
 
346 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Porter's, Jerome, Flores 
 
 Sanctorum, 238. 
 Pory, Archdeacon, 292. 
 Poulett, John, Lord, 67. 
 Preaching, and Preachers, 
 
 101-105, 118, 224, 225. 
 Preston, Dr. 22. 
 Pride, 209. 
 
 Price, Roger, Esq. 281. 
 
 Pulpit Sparks, 287. 
 
 Puritans, 270, 274. 
 
 Pusey, Dr. recommends Bi- 
 shop Bethell on Regenera- 
 tion, 188. 
 
 Rainbow, Dr. Bishop of Car- 
 lisle, 38. 
 
 Reconciler, Triple, Fuller's, 
 213-232. 
 
 Recusants, Romish, 125. 
 
 Reformers, th6, 136. 
 
 Reformation, the, 259-268. 
 
 Reformers-Church, 120, 135. 
 
 Regeneration, 194 ; Testi- 
 mony of the Fathers upon, 
 196-199; the exact time 
 not known, 197. 
 
 Rich, Sir Thomas, 112. 
 
 Richmond, Lady Margaret, 
 Countess of, 119. 
 
 Richmond, James Stuart, 
 Duke of, 234-236. 
 
 Ridley, John, 40 ; Sir Tho- 
 mas, 40. 
 
 Robinson, John, 111 ; Wil- 
 liam, 173. 
 
 Roe, Lady Eleanor, 281. 
 
 Romanists, favours shown to 
 them by Charles I. 126. 
 
 Romilly, Rev. Joseph, 7. 
 
 Russell, Francis, Lord, 168. 
 
 Ruth, Fuller's Lectures on 
 the book of, 43-51. 
 
 Roper, Thomas, Viscount 
 Baltinglass, 232. 
 
 Roper, Samuel, 233. 
 
 Sacrilege, 178. 
 
 Sadleir, Ralph, Esq. 280. 
 
 Saltmarsh, John, 143 ; Ful- 
 ler's controversy with, 143- 
 148. 
 
 Sandys, Miles, 29. 
 
 Sandys, Archbishop, 29, 269. 
 
 Saunderson, Bishop, 143. 
 
 Savoy, the, 106. 
 
 Scarborough, Dr. 296. 
 
 Sclater, Dr. Wm. 68. 
 
 Scriptures, the, 89. 
 
 Selden on Tithes, 36. 
 
 Self-examination, 159, 185. 
 
 Sermons, remuneration for, 
 in the reign of Charles I. 
 162, 163. 
 
 Shuckburgh, Richard, 280; 
 Thomas, 281. 
 
 Sibbes, Dr. Richard, 81, 114. 
 
 Sidney College, the skull pre- 
 served in, 30, 31. 
 
 Sins, prevailing, to be re- 
 proved, 118. 
 
 Smith, Arthur, Vicar of Oun- 
 dle, 20. 
 
 Smith, Dr. Thomas, Bishop 
 of Carlisle, 37. 
 
 Socinianism, 73. 
 
 Spencer, John, of Sion Col- 
 lege, 286. 
 
 Steward, Simon, Knt. 32. 
 
 Stuart, Esme, 174, 234. 
 
 Stone, Benjamin, 164. 
 
 Synods, 86, 87. 
 
 Table, Communion, disputes 
 respecting it, 76, 77, 277. 
 
 Tate, William and Francis, 
 17. 
 
 Taylor, Jeremy, 31. 
 
 Taylor, Dr. Thomas, 81. 
 
 Temptation in the Wilder- 
 ness, our Lord's; Fuller's 
 Sermons upon, 183. 
 
 Thorndyke, Herbert, 140. 
 
 Thorold, Anthony, 175. 
 
 Thorpe, John, of Queen's 
 College, Cambridge, 21. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 347 
 
 Thoughts, Good, in Bad 
 Times, 154 ; in Worse 
 Times, 154 ; in Better 
 Times, 156. 
 
 Throckmorton, Clement,Esq. 
 280. 
 
 Tomkins and Chaloner, 139. 
 Tounson, Bishop, 6, 17, 18 ; 
 
 Robert, 18 ; John, 18. 
 Traditions, 87. 
 Transubstantiation, 34, 90. 
 Travers, 246, 253. 
 Traverses, 275. 
 Trenchard, Sir Thomas, 64, 
 
 65. 
 
 Trevor, Thomas, Esq. 280. 
 Triers, the, 169. 
 Trjer, John, of Clare, 6. 
 Turner, Dean, 71, 108. 
 
 Vaughan, John, 66. 
 
 Via ^Iedia,the, so called, 283. 
 
 Yilvain, Dr. 153. 
 
 Union with Rome impos- 
 sible, 115. 
 
 Yossius, his History of Pela- 
 gianism, 26. 
 
 Vulgate, singular error in 
 the, 136. 
 
 Vyvyan, Roger, 175. 
 
 Waddington, Dr. Dean of 
 Durham, 46. 
 
 Waltham Abbey, 169-172, 
 187. 
 
 War, Holy, Fuller's, 67. 
 Ward, Dr. Samuel, 25, 27. 
 AVarmistre, ^Ir. 75. 
 Watson, Richard, of Caius 
 
 College, 51. 
 Webster, John, 57. 
 Wellingborough, 17. 
 Westfield, Bishop, 171. 
 Wheelocke, Thomas, 57 ; 
 
 Abraham, 172. 
 White, James, 173. 
 Whitaker, Dr. 8, 36, 118. 
 Whitgift, Archbishop, 181, 
 
 253. 
 
 WickHffe, John, 242-214. 
 Wilden, 8. 
 
 Williams, Thomas, 111. 
 Williams, Archbishop, 14, 
 
 25, 38, 41, 182. 
 Willet, Andrew, 114, 181. 
 Wilmer, William, Esq. 31. 
 Winterton, Ralph, 172. 
 Wordsworth, Dr. 7. 
 Wren, Bishop, 67, 274. 
 Wroth, Sir Henry, 170. 
 AVyndham, Hugh, Bt. 64. 
 Wyrley, Sir John, 279. 
 
 Young, Dr. 113. 
 
 Zanchius, 252. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 CHARLES WHITTINGHAM, CHISWICK.