tibrarjD of Che trheolo^ical ^tmimvy PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY •«^»« PRESENTED BY Yale Divinity School Library .S3F5 A-K V'-'' A.W' J . i ^^•j-^" 'i' V.*' T T.S-tTiart3ost;crrL ^urr /Si^ d/VftA/l^ THE FIRST CENTENARY NORTH Church and society, SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS. COiMMEMORATED JULY I9, 1872. S A L E ]\I . Printed fop^ the Society. 1873. PRINTED AT THE SALEM PKESS, F. W. PUTNAM & CO., Proprietors. THE IVXEIMOR"^' Thomas Barnard, D.D. ^^jsna HIS >»>.ssocij^TES ORGANIZATION OF THIS CHURCH AND SOCIETY, THIS VOLUME IS REVERENTLY DEDICATED, (iii) co:n^te:n^ts. ixtroductiox, Exercises at the Church, Memorial Sermox, .... ExEiiCiSES AT Normal Hall, Address IVoiu G. B. Loring, Ehymed Kemiuiscences, by C. T. Brooks, Address by Joseph Alleu, of Nortliborough, . Address by E. R. Hoar, of Concord, Address by W. G. Eliot, of St. Louis, Mo., . Address by Thomas T. Stoue, of Boltou, Mass., Address by C. H. Brighani, of Auu Arbor, Mich., Address by Wm. Mountford, of Boston, . Address by John W. Chadwicli, of Brooldyn, N. Y Address by George L. Chauey, of Boston, Address by William O. "White, of Keene, N. 11., Letter from Charles Lowe, .... Letter from Henry W. Foote, Letter from James W. Thompson, . Letter from Edwin M. Stone, Letter from S. E. Peabody, .... Address by K. M. Hodges, of Cambridge, Address by D. B. Hagar, .... Address by Caleb Foote, .... Note from O. B. Frothingham, Some Memoranda of the Choir, by Hexry K. Gi.iveij, 1 5 9 (33 66 69 81 83 85 87 89 91 103 106 111 lU 116 118 119 121 121 125 126 127 131 (v; VI CONTENTS. The Church, . .' 153 Covenant, 155 Early Members, 157 Officers, 163 Minister's Library, 164 The Sunday Scliool, 165 Extracts from the Eecords and Notes, 166 Ministers, 170 Thomas Barnard, 171 John Emery Abbot, 173 John Brazer, 175 Octavius Brooks Frothingham, 177 Charles Lowe, 179 Edmund Burke "Willson, 181 The First Meeting House, ....,.., 183 The Second Meeting House, 190 Proprietors and Occupants of Pews in the First House, 197 ILLUSTRATIONS Portrait of Rev. T. Barnard (Frontispiece) PiCKMAN HOUSK. .... Portrait of Eev. J. E. Abbot- Portrait OF Rev. J. Brazer. . Portrait of Rev. 0. B. Frothixgham. Portrait of Rev. C. Lowe. Portrait of Rev. E. B. Willson. . First Meeting House. Second Meeting House. . 154 173 175 177 179 181 183 190 (vii) INTRODUCTION, "^ll^" ARLY in the month of April, 1872, the Standing Committee |1f| I of the Proprietors of the North Meeting-house voted that ^ j' the one hundredth anniversary of the fountling of the North Church and Society should be commemorated hy appropriate public services, and called a general meeting of the worshippers, to be held on the IGth of that month, at the vcstr}-, to take the matter into consideration. At that meeting the action of the Committee was unanimously ratified, and the necessary Committees were chosen to carry the proposed observance into effect. The first meeting of the Proprietors for organization had been held on the 3d of March, 1772. The first meeting of the mem- bers of the church, and their gathering into church order and fellowship, and the adoption of a covenant, had taken place on the 19th of Jul}', 1772. It was voted that the latter should be the da}' commemorated. The writer of the historical discourse herein contained takes this opportunity to express his obligations and his thanks to those who have kindly aided him in his search for the materials em- bodied in it, especially to the President of the Essex Institute, Dr. Hekry "Wheatland, who opened to his use the valuable stores of the library of that institution, besides directing him to many important sources of information. He has not thought it necessary to cite often the authority on which his statements rest. In addition to the usual authorities for such facts, viz : — the records of the church, and of the proprietors (1) 2 INTRODUCTION. of the North Meeting-house, funeral and other discourses, bio- graphical memoirs, published sermons of the clergymen of whom notices are giv.en, newspapers of the period, the recollections of living witnesses, and current traditions, he has had access to a very helpful collection of miscellaneous papers, mostly in manu- script, containing lists of names, accounts, etc., left by Ichabod Tucker, Esq., nearly all of which are now in possession of the Essex Institute ; while he has often had recourse to Felt's Annals and Cur wen's Journal and Letters, with the biographical sketches appended by its editor, George A. Ward, Esq. Memorial Services. Exercises at the Church. I. VOLUNTAEY (from the organ). n. SCRIPTURE SENTENCES. BY KEV. CHARLES T. BROOKS, OF NEWPORT, RHODE ISLANT), OxE generation passeth away, and another generation cometh. The fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live forever? We are strangers before thee, and sojourners, as were all our Withers ; our days on earth are as a shadow, and there is none abiding. Lord, Thou hast been our dwelling-place in all generations. One generation shall praise Thy works to another, and shall declare Thy mighty acts They shall abundantly utter the memory of Thy great goodness, and shall sing of Thy righteousness. Oh, that men would praise the Lord for His goodness, and for His won- derful works to the children of men ! I have considered the days of old, the years of ancient times I will remember the years of the right hand of the Most High I will remember the works of the Lord ; surely I will remember Thy wonders of old which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us That the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born ; who should arise and declare them unto their children ; that they might set their hope in God and not forget the work of the Lord, but keep His commandment. (5) 6 EXERCISES AT THE CHURCH. Lord God of our fathers, keep this forever in the imagination of the thoughts of tlie heart of Thy people, and prepare their heart to Thee ! In Judah is God known In Salem is His tabernacle. 1 was glad when they said unto me, Let ns go into the house of the Lord ! Our feet shall stand within Thy gates, O Jerusalem ! If I forget thee, O Jerusalem! may my right hand forget her cunning; yea, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth, if I prefer not Jeru- salem above my chief joy ! Pray for the peace of Jerusalem! they shall prosper that love thee. Peace be within thy walls and prosperity within thy palaces. For my brethren aud companions' sakes I will now say. Peace be within thee ! m. CENTENNIAL HYMN AND MUSIC. BT GEOEGE PEABODT. Six verses and the Invocation sung. God, Almighty and Eternal, From Thy throne, in realms sublime, Hear our earnest supplications, Bless our offerings at this time. Gathered round our cherished altar. May we now renew.the Flame Which our Fathers long since kindled To the glory of Thy name. Here they bowed iu adoration ; Here invoked, and not in vain. Blessings, which by Thy great mercy, . With their children still remain. Countless blessings still descending Both on us and on our laud. May we not forget the Giver, In the bounties of his hand. God, we thank Tliee, that so many Of the wise and good have found Joy aud comfort in Tliy worship. On this consecrated ground. Man beheld in Thy Creation, Governed by unerring Laws, Proof that ofttimes gave assurance Of a self-existent cause. But the glorious Confirmation In Thy written word we find,— Book of books! — the guide, iustructor, Hope, aud solace of mankind. There alone we read the record Of Thy blessed Son on earth. By whose Life and Resurrection Man has gained a nobler birth, Unrevealed are those deep mysteries That his cross and death attend. But his pure aud holy precepts None can fail to comprehend. Naught by ancient sages spoken Can dispel our doubts and fears. Comfort bring to sin and suffering, Or restrain the mourner's tears. EXERCISES AT THE CHURCH. May we, urKcil by their example, Follow ill the path they trod, Keeping Christ's plain rule before us, I>ove to man and faith in God. Veiled art Thou, our Heavenly Father, And to mortal si},'lit unknown, Yet in every age and nation Thy parental care is sliown. In the days of heathen darkness. Ere Thy chosen Trophet came. Mid the thunders of J[ount Sinai, Thy commandments to proclaim, In the brightness of htx Heing All Earth's shadows pass away, And the human heart rejoices In the light of endless day. ^lay that Light spread through the natloin Shine wherever man Is found. And Thy Praise in songs of triumph Througliout Heaven and earth resound. INVOCATIOX. Gracious God! continue with us. Aid us to deserve Tliy love, And through Christ at last admit us To ills promised Rest above. IV, PRAYER. BY KEV. JOXATIIAN COLE OF KEAVBTTRTrORT. HYMX (for the occasion). BY REV. CHARLES T. BROOKS. Sung by the Congregation to the Tune of Duke Street. O God I whose wisdom, power and love Xo age can waste, no shadow dim. To Thee, In cloudless light above. We raise the grateful, reverent hymn. God of our Sires! to Thee, their Guide, Their Guard through life's uncertain way. To Thee iu wliom their souls abide, Unending tlianks their sous shall pay. Amid the war-cloud's gathering storm. Our fathers built their altar liere; They leaned on Thy almighty arm, IJelield Thv I'ace and felt no fear. To-day in peace their children come , To muse upon the years gone by ; To sing their grateful harvest-home. And wave the votive sheaves on liigh. The house our fathers built to Thee, 'Jlid human works no longer stands, ^ Their nobler shrine by faltli we see — That house in heaven not made with hands. Thanks for the memory of the Sires, Their lofty zeal, their strenuous life; — ^ Our hearts with hope that memory fires. And nerves our souls for Christian strife. While ages roll and worlds decay. Grant us, by faith and hope and love, Bright visions of unchanging day. Fair mansions in tlie realm above ! EXERCISES AT THE CHURCH. VI. DISCOURSE. BY REV. EDMUND B. "VVILLSOX, MINISTER OF TIIE SOCIETY. VII. HYMN (for the occasion), BY KEV. CHARLES T. BROOKS. Sung by the Congregation to tlie Time of Telemann's Chant. Thou whose word to being woke Eartli and heaven, this beauteous frame, Father! we to-day invoke Blessings in Tliy liallowed name I On this ancient Churcli of Thine, Thou who makest all things new, O Eternal Beauty, shine! Spirit, shed Thy freshening dew! May the calm of reverend age Blending with the glow of youth Mark her for Thy heritage, God of Wisdom, Grace and Truth! Tender memories o'er this hour Mingling lights and shadows cast ; Songs of trust and words of power Cheer us from the living past. Many a sweet and saintly name Breathes a fragrance on the air, .Kindles here devotion's flame, Stirs the soul to praise and prayer. Perfect gifts, O God, are Thine; - May they lift our souls above. Fill us with Thy life Divine, Endless life and boundless love! / vm. BENEDICTION. BY REV. JAJfES T. HEWES, JflMSTEK OF THE FIRST CHURCH, IX SALEM. MEMORIAL SERMON. "Walk about Ziox, and go round about tier; tell the towers thereof; IMAUK YE WELL HER BULWARKS; CONSIDER HER P^VLACES ; THAT YE MAY TELL IT TO THE GENERATION FOLLOWING. FOR THIS GOD IS OLTR God forever ^vnd ever; he wili- be our guide even unto DEATH. —Ps. xh-iii: 12, 13, U. We cau uuderstaud to-day, in some degree, the emotions with which the psalmist wrote, as he looked upon the sacred places which war had spared, dear and still safe, beautiful as transfigured in the light of religious associations, wherein the altar of a past worship yet stood with its fire unquenched. Our altar still stands. Its fire is burning yet, after a hundred years. "War has passed over its worshippers. Time has dismissed, one by one, its earlier congregations, and brought, one by one, new generations ■ to stand in their places. We think of those who are to follow us, and hope that our children, and their children, may worship Avhere we do now. There are times when, enamored with the promises and expectations of the future, the past is not unlikely to seem all a dead past, profitless, may be, even as a study for li\iiig men who hope to hold and fill the present hour worthily. Believing progress, however, to be possible only by chart- (9) 10 MEMORIAL SERMON. ing its way along by landmarks that are fixed, and voyaging always from certainties found, to other certainties sought, I am sure that the study of the past can be vindicated equally well, whether at the bar of utility or of ideality. If it were otherwise, there is a debt which the present — which is the future of the past — owes to that past, and which it will pay, if it is an honest present, to its successor. He, indeed, who turns his back on the past, on the plea that he must live in and work for the future, recognizes in his very aspiration the lineage between the foregoing and the aftergoing ; the continuity of flow that makes the past and future, morning and evening of the same day. There is no dead past, any more than there is lifelessness in those visions and imaginings, which are the ideals wherefrom we construct the future. All the dying we know in the uni- verse is a dying on — into life. But to-day I scarcely aspire even to make a study of the past. A simple recital of sonie of the leading events, and just an outlining touch here and there of some of the lead- ing characters belonging to the earliest periods of this church's history, seems to me the fittest, in truth the only possible, memorial that I can ofter to-day. To do this, and more, there is not time. To do other than this, and leave this unattempted, would be, I am persuaded, to mis- take the wishes and the just expectations of most of those who have assembled here. To name one hundred years of human history, especially the last one hundred years, is to start the recollective im- agination on an excursion from which, if let go unchecked, it would scarcely return in a summer's day. What history MKMOlMAr, SEUMOX. 11 w rittcn auil iinw rittcn have those years made ! Not to stray iVoiu our own shores, the longest day of summer Avould not sutiiee to tidl how this Aiuericji has enlarged and changed — from a dozen and one thinly peopled colonies, dependencies of a distant kingdom, lying along the borders of our Kastern Sea, with no apparent tendency to integration, come to l)e a powerful nation of thirty-seven states, of continental width, with [)opulation four times doubled, notwithstanding a war which has no parallel in modern times for its havoc of life, unless the late European war has matched its numbers. How should the hours be enough to relate the story of our two civil wars alone, one of which made of the scattered dozen and one provinces a consolidated republic in the bejjinnino; of the centurv, and the other, at its end, removed by bloodiest surgery, but needful, that seed of death, of which the nation must rid itself or perish ! How should all the summer days be enough to show" the steps of that vast unfolding civilization which has bridged the seas, calls pupils from Japan to American schools and colleges, gathers to a June festival singers and musicians by tens of thousands, speaking half a dozen languages, from the old world and the new, and brings the students of every science and art and philosophy, and form of knowledge, and type of religion, into one school of fellow-learners, where each fresh thought, and new discoverj^ and latest certified fact, Ijecomes the inmiediate possession of all, giving earnest that the earl}- christian vision may yet come true, and man- kind extend its broader title over all the narrower terms of race and place, making all the nations that dwell on all the face of the earth, to be of one blood and of the family of the Everlastinir Father I 12 MEMORIAL SERMOX. A history of a hundred years, though it be but local history and deal with a communion of a few hundred souls only, has the same elements of interest that belong to the larger story of mankind. It touches human life at all points. With many, such an occasion as this speaks first to senti- ment and feeling. If I ask you to spend the hour with me among facts mostly, and to indulge me with a pretty liberal sprinkling of dates besides, it will not be because I despise sentiment ; but because first in order comes the gathering of the material for it, the narrative ; the reconstruction of this material into a pictured past, fresh with life, not to say the gathering of various wisdom from it, must be left very much to you. It is not because of the o;reat ao-c of this reliorious society that we keep this day of memorial. Ours is not an old church, as oldness is accounted in this community. The Mother church of us all, the First Church in Salem, had observed her own one hundredth anniversary more than forty years before this society was formed. We take rank as the fourth in the order of time, of tlie congregational churches within the present territorial limits of Salem ; the eiofhth, if all the churches formed from the First Church are taken into the account, disregai-ding territorial limits. This last number includes a church in what is now Beverly, early known as Bass River ; one in Marblehead ; one in Danvers, then known as Salem Village ; and one in Peabody, then the "Middle District" of Salem. Of the religious societies now existing in Salem, of all denominations, this is the sixth in age ; the First, formed in 1629 ; the Friends' Meeting, in 1658 ; the East, or church MEMORIAL SERMON. 13 of the Eastern District, as it was then lU'sigiiated, in 1718; St. Peter's (Episcopal), in 1733; the Third Congregational in 173') (wliich is cither the Sonth or the Tabornaele Church, according as a question of identity in dispute l)etween tlicni is decided, a question on which this is not tlie occasion to pass judgment). The causes which led to the gathering of this church, and the circumstances attending it, were somewhat peculiar. The First Church had for its minister, in the year 1770, Rev. Thomas Barnard, a man of about fifty-four j-ears of age, an able preacher and a pastor much beloved by his people. In the spring of that year he was stricken by paralysis, and his ^vork w^as to pass into other hands. He had a son, Thomas Barnard, junior, edncated for his own profession, and wlio, though Init twenty-two years old, liad been four years out of college and had completed his pre- paratory professional studies. He was employed to supply his fathers pulpit till the next annual meeting of the parish, a term of some five or six months. This he did so accept- ably to a considerable part of the people, that a strong desire was felt by them to make him a colleague pastor with his father. In this, however, there was not unanimity. So, when the question came up, as it did from time to time in church and parish, between the first of December, 1770, and the middle of the following summer, whether other candi- dates should be heard, or Mr. Barnard the younger should be settled, the vote was very evenly balanced on several occa- sions. Once, in the church, the vote was just equal ; at another time, for hearing others, nine; for not hearing more, seven; and neuter, four (male members only voting). After a time the (picstion took the form of a choice between 14 MEMORIAL SERMON. Mr. Barnard and Mr. Asa Dunbar, who, meantime, had become deservedly a favorite candidate in the church, and was afterwards settled. On the 10th of June, 1771, a vote was taken with the result : for Mr. Dunbar, thirteen ; against, eleven. And yet there was delay. The parish was divided, like the church, just about equally. A meeting of the society was held on the 26th of June, at which a liroperty vote was taken, which gave a majority for concurring in the choice of Mr. Dunbar, of "*/i" (four shillings and one penny). A property vote is defined in the records as one in which the "votes were accounted accordino; to the several interests of the voters in proportion to their several taxes :" pew, or church taxes it is presumed. By such a vote it was finally decided, Nov. 25, 1771 (£97-13-8^ to £81-9-9^) that the proprietors would concur with the church in the choice of Mr. Dunbar.* No wonder that there should have been reluctance on the part of the majority to push matters to a decision, when decision threatened to be division. The minority was nearly half the people. It embraced many high!}'' esteemed for their intelligence and moral worth ; one who had held the oflice of Ruling Elder in the church thirty-five years ; one of the deacons, nearly twenty years in ofiice and much respected; three out of five of the Standing Committee of the Propri- etors for the year just preceding ; the gentlemen chosen Clerk and Treasurer this same year of 1771 ; and not a few *At one time a proposition Avas made and voted aflirmatively, to lay aside both these candidates; and a later attempt to repeal this vote failed. But, of course, at this stage of the contest it made no difference. Each party clung to its favorite with greater determination. MEMORIAL SERMON. ' 15 Iciuliiiij; the weight of social importance and hirge wealth to thiMi- opposition.* Meantime, also, a tender regard for the presumed prefer- ence of the sick elder pastor, however scrupulously he might refrain from giving it expression, had its influence, without doubt, to contirm the minorit}^ in their choice, and to induce hesitation in the majority. The controversy could have but one event. The delay wTought no change of purpose or feeling on either side, and when towards the end of the year it became apparent that neither could yield, propositions began to be made and con- sidered for a friendly separation, which was, soon and without serious difficulty, effected. Those wdio stood by the church, settling ]Mr. Dunl)ar, handsomely agreed to buy the pews of those who desired to leave, at such jDrices "as three or more indifferent men might value them at." And a like amicable arrangement was made with regard to the church property. The departing members asked, wdth a confiding assurance that their proposal would be met in a generous spirit, that they might be dismissed "with a just and equitable part of the temporalities" of the church. And their confidence was not misplaced. Five-twelfths of all that belonged wholly to the church was divided to them ; and they express no discontent with the apportionment. It is nothing unusual for a church to owe its origin to a dissension among friends and members of the same church. I suppose this perhaps to be the rule, other causes the exceptions, in the history of church "origins." *I ran count the names of nearly thirty pew holders of the First Church in 1771, which appear in the flrst list of pew purchasers in the new North Church; which number I suiipose, did not include the names of all the families which were occupants of pews, and which left the First Church to become worshippers at the North. 16 MEMORIAL SERMON. But in this case was no rancorous quarrel running into harsh aspersions, no charge of bad motive, no schismatic bitterness over mistatable differences of doctrine. The genuine regrets of parting friends have left their frequent traces on the pages of the records we have searched. They will not suffer themselves to forget what is due to christian courtesy and an ancient and honorable fellowship. They do not indulge in those criminations, which many times make the church strife so much more reckless and disrepu- table than ordinary worldly contentions. There was soreness and lamentation ; if possibly a drop of anger on either side, at what was deemed an unyielding obstinacy on the other, it came to no angry utterance and its complaint sounded more like a sorrow. The brethren and sisters asking a dismission from the church, allude to the divisions which have arisen, say they have desired and sought to prevent a separation, "and that we might still con- tinue (as through the goodness of God for many years past we have done) in perfect peace and unity." But as "for diverse reasons we cannot consent to the callins: and settlino- Mr. Dunbar . . . with so small a majority (if any) of the church," there seems "no way left for us but separation." They hope they may still have "occasional communion" with those they are leaving. "And now, brethren," they say, "not doubting of your complying with our reasonable desire, it shall not cease to be our ardent wish and prayer that we may so conduct our parting as shall cast no reflection on our holy religion or on ourselves ; and that, although we may hereafter worship in separate assemblies, our hearts may ]3c united, and, by our christian deportment to each other, we may . . . meet in that blessed assembly whose peace. MEMORIAL SERMON. 17 unity and charity ^vill iiover fail, and where discord Avill find no })laco." Evi'iy kind word was reciprocated by the clinrch. Kveiy reasonable expectation was met. True, the brethren of the church expressed ahnost pathetically their "great concern and uneasiness at so nnhappy a breach and separation ;" declared tliat the}- had used their utmost endeavors to prevent it ; that they were sensible how much the interest of religion and peace and the tranquillity of the people depend on their being united. They "even now wish that those brethren would consider the matter and not urge a dismis- sion, as w'e [they] know of no just reasons why any should object to the choice of Mr. Dunbar," wdiom they consider "admirably qualified for a gospel preacher, and as we [they] think, full as likely to promote the true interest of religion as any other whatever." They conclude : "But if God in his holy providence has so ordered it as that this small church must be divided and split in pieces, and these brethren will separate from us, we herein join with them in the wish (as it shall be in our endeavor) that a spirit of love and Christian fellowship may continue between us notwithstanding our separation." I am impressed with the honor and fairness which charac- terized these proceedings. It is rarely that a church falling into division hopeless of cure, and coming to be cut in very halves, still bears itself with a patience and generosity such as were here exhiluted ; or that a seceding body carries its difficult purpose through wdth so little record of passion and acrimony, so much of honorable feeling. This general maintenance of a spirit of good-will was no doubt aided much by the relationship existing between two of the three men about whom these movements and interests 18 MEMORIAL SERMON. principally centred : the crippled father, pastor of the First Church, fully possessing the love and respect of both sides, and his son, the warm-hearted young man, minister-elect of the church that was to be, who had so gained the affection of those who adhered to him, that they were willino; to encounter the costs and risks of foundino; a new church (and that, be it remembered, when the times were troubled and the future uncertain) as well as to take the pangs of breaking old bonds, numerous, close and sacred, rather than forego the ministrations of the man they had chosen. As a proof of the interest taken by the senior pastor of the First Church in the new enterprise that made his son the shepherd of half the flock he had himself lately tended, and as showing how the joint possession, as it were, of the father, by the two churches, and their common love and veneration for him, Avould tend to bridge the chasm naturally widening between them, it may be mentioned that Rev. Mr. Barnard, senior, invalid as he was, copied the entire bod}^ of the records of the First Church into the volume which was to contain the records of the North Church ; so that we have the records of the First Church complete, as introductory to our own, written out fairly and legibly by the elder Barnard's own hand, making one hundred and sixty-seven closely written foolscap pages. I shall find no better place than this, though a little in anticipation of the natural progress of my narrative, to tell how well justified was the judgment of either party in the matter at issue, and how fully the ancient communion was before long restored between them, and how faithfully it was maintained afterwards. Mr. Dunbar proved himself the well-furnished and com- :memorial SEiniox. 19 potent minister that his su^jporters took him to be ; while the long and nsei'nl pastorate of Thomas Barnard, junior, in the North Church, showed that the devotion with which he had inspired his early friends was no ephemeral enthusiasm ; it became a steady and life-long esteem founded upon the substantial qualities of personal worth. When Mr. Barnard (of the North Church) gave the Hand of Fellowship to Mr. Dunbar's successor, Mr. John Prince, in 1779, the act was made more than usually graceful and cordial by his reference to the man who had been the pre- ferred and successful candidate for the place, which it had once been hoped that he might himself fill. He mentions him as the "pastor uncommonly dear" to his people, and adds : "I feel peculiarly happy this day, when I consider that this event unites our churches together, which were originally of the same body, in every christian office of love and friendship." And he went home to record upon the church book : "Every lover of peace rejoiced heartily on this occasion, for it settled a long difference wdiich had sub- sisted between them, and united them in the bonds of friendship." The ministers of these two churches, Thomas Barnard and John Prince, were from that day fast friends. Their friendship endured unbroken for a period of thii-ty-five years, till the minister of the First Church came to comfort the people of the North, suddenly bereaved, by deatli, of their beloved minister ; Avhen he betrayed, in word and manner, that his own sense of loss was scarcely less, if less, than that of the most attached parishioners of his friend. They two had been of one mind and one heart. Both liberal, practical, valuing personal character and honest devotion to 20 MEMORIAL SERMOX. truth above the formulated doctrines of church creeds, they had been sincere fellow-lal)orcrs in the christian church, giving and receiving sympathy in severe personal trials, which had come to each in turn. The friendship which found expression in the sermon preached by Dr. Prince, after the death of Dr. Barnard, tender in feeling, and warm with discriminating praise, was a fit and beautiful ripening into expression of that fraternal spirit which had at no time been fatally ruptured between the First and North Churches, and was now cemented more closely than ever.* On the 14th of February, 1772, a piece of land on the corner of North and Lynde streets, where the dwelling house of the Hon. Otis P. Lord now stands, was bouo:ht for a meeting house lot, in anticipation of the wants of the future society. f There were forty-two associates in the pur- chase, and John Nutting, who sold the land, made the forty-third proprietor. On the 3d of March following, the proprietors of this land met at the Town Hall, in obe- dience to a warrant issued by Peter Frye, Esq., a Justice of the Peace, and served by Clark Gayton Pickman, one of the proprietors, and proceeded to an organization. This was, in fact, the legal institution of the society known as The Proprietors of the JSforth Meeting House, by popular designation "the North Society," although the m^ijor part *In a note, Dr. Prince records the following interesting particulars : — " It is a singular concurrence in our walks of life, and one that has some effect upon the social feelings, that we were educated at the same university, and after Ave gradiiated kept the same schools in the same town; studied divinity with the same clergyman; settled in the ministry in the same town ; the same person preached our ordination sermons; and we received honorary degrees from the same university." fOu the western line, I am told by one of our most indefatigable and trustworthy antiquarians, Wm. P. Upham, Esq., of what was early known as Sharpe's Training Field. .MKMOIMAL SEKMON. 21 of thoso who constituted its incnibership weiv still mciu- bers of the First ('Imivli or l*;irisli. The lii'st vote after orgaui/atioii was "that tlic land aforesaid be improved by erecting thereon a meeting house for the public worshipping of God, for the use of the pro- prietors." The second : "That AVilliam Browne, Edward Augustus Ilolyoke, Joseph Bhuiey and Samuel C'urwen, Esqs., and Messrs. John Felt, and Kichard AVard, and Chirk Ga}i:oii Pickman, be a committee for the Iniilding of said meeting house," and "the question being put whether the proprietors woukl give any particular directions to the com- mittee about the building said house — it passed in the negative :" an instance of rare and commendable absti- nence from the exercise of that careful scrutiny so natural to the Xew England mind, which trusts nothing to official agents, loves to see to everything for itself, not neglecting to inspect, supervise and advise concerning every minute detail, however unfamiliar, of which the pages of early records, both ecclesiastical and municipal, bear such ample testimony. On the 11th of May the laying of the foundation for the new meeting house was begun. It was first opened for public worship on Sunday, Aug. 23, 1772, though not yet nearly completed. After occupying it three Sundays the proprietors determined to add side-galleries, which had not been originally contemplated in the plan of the building committee, and Avhich added thirty-eight pews to the one hundred and one which took up the space upon the lower floor. Early in Oetober, the bell, which had been ordered from London, arrived. On the ll>th of October the spire was 22 MEMORIAL SERMON. raised. It was not till the early part of the following 3^ear, however, that the house was considered iinished, and that the pews were sold ; nearly five months after the society beo-an to meet in it. This was called "the large new meeting house" in the papers of that time. From the frequency with which it was asked for for civic celebrations on the 4th of July, and for other public days, it is inferred that it must have been — and indeed it is well remembered by many of you to have been — one of the most spacious and commodious churches of the town. Its precise dimensions we do not find : we should probably have had them among the records, to the size of every joist, if the proprietors had not given everything in such a trusting manner to that Building Committee. Its one hundred and one pews on the lower floor were square and roomy, and foiu- broad aisles ran lengthwise, north and south, giving eight tiers of pews in width. Its tower end, the front, was upon Lynde street, the tower itself rising from the ground, and containing the vestibule to the church on the first floor, and the entrance to the organ and singing gallery on the second floor. Originally, it was surmounted by a spire ; but this being regarded as insecure some twenty years after, and requiring frequent and costly repairs, it was taken down in 1796, and replaced by a simple cupola, or dome, covering the belfry, the form in which it is rememl)ered by those who look back thirty-eight years. The outside entrances were five ; three into the tower on its noilh, east and west sides, and two on the southern end of the main buildins, near the corners. One broad entrance led from the porch in the tower to the interior of the house. There was no side entrance to the body of the building. The pulpit MKMOIMAL SKIJMOX. 23 was on tlio southern ond. A carriaiii^-way passed ai'oimd on the eastern and southern siiU*s, the siiU's not lyinij; on the broader streets. That tirst meeting house conthiued to be used as a house of -worship till this house was built, in 18^50. It was afterwards appropriated to nianufaeturing" and other purposes for a while, and after some years was taken down.* The corner-stone of (his ehureh building was laid May 1(5, 1835 (sixty-three years, almost to a day, from the laying of the foundation of the lirst building) . It was dedi- cated June 22, 1836. Its interior, at first finished very plain and without ornament, was renewed and brought into its present tasteful form, under the cultivated eye and expe- rienced direction of that lover of the beautiful, the late Francis Peal)ody, Esq., in 1847. The plat of ground on which it stands is bounded on its eastern side by land which was once in possession of Roger AVilliams : his homestead. In the earlier periods of New England Congregationalism, the church as distinct from the assembly of worshippers — or the parish, or town, as the case might be — took the lead in all matters pertaining to public worship, the call and settle- ment of pastors, the determination of the conditions of communion, the use of ordinances, and, indeed, pretty much everything but the raising and approi)riation of money. The parish, for the most part, limited itself in quiet times to concurrence in the doings of the church, in all matters in which they had a common interest ; though the concurrence * No picture of it has been preserved ; but a recent attempt to present a view of its front has been made, and is generally regarded Ity those who remember its appearance, as a faithful likeness. The drawing of which the cut in the appendix is a copy, now in jjossession of the Essex Institute, was executed by Dr. George A. Perkins, partly from memory and partly from a sketch fnade when the church was standing. 24 MEMORIAL SERMON. was no mere form, as repeated instances of refusal to concur in church action on the part of parishes sufficiently attest. It was a voluntary thing : this surrender of precedence. Usage alone gave it autliority. Moreover, the congregation easily made its wishes known through those who were members of both bodies, and often took the initiative in accomplishing its objects by prompting the cliurch to act, rather than by asserting absolutely its own coequal power, or even the power of veto. The perfect independency of each conofreo-ation in determining its own internal order, and manao-ino; its own affairs, was the cardinal and distinctive principle of Congregationalism. This principle, as such, knows nothing of that division, or distinction, wliich has usually existed within the congregation, into two bodies : of church and society. Nor, where such two bodies exist, does it settle their relations to each other. But the usage has been, and more especially in former times, as I said, to allow the church not only to organize itself, and conduct its affairs in its own way, but to have habitual prece- dence, where the two had a joint interest or joint obligations. The liability of jar or opposition between them was reduced to a remote probability, hj the fact that the leaders in both society and church were for the most part the same persons. The church, it will be seen, was an institution relatively of much more power and importance a hundred years ago than now. It was recognized as the heart of the religious organism, and the seat of its life. Not unnaturally, therefore, the organization of the North Church occupies a more prominent place, and its doings are more minutely detailed upon the records of our early history, than the organization and proceedings of the society itself. MEMOKIAL SKHMOX. 25 Oil the KUh of May, 177l\ tlii> First Church voti-d to grant the request of the tifty-two hrcthicu and sisters, who asked a dismissioyr that they iniiiht Ix'eoiue a ehureh con- nected Avith this society. On the IDth of July, the day we commemorate, these fift^'-two met at the house of tlic venerable Col. Benjamin Pickman, senior, for oraanization. Col. Pickmau lived in the house no"sv standing on Essex street, opposite to St. Peter street, ])iiilt by himself, and at the present time owned by Mrs. Le jSIasters ; its upper windows may still be seen rising above the row^ of one-story shops extending along its front ; it was one of the most elegant houses of the town. The Rev. Dr.Whittaker of the Third Church— afterwards "the Tabernacle" — a noted preacher, then at the zenith of a not long enduring popularity, attended and otFered prayer. The church adopted the covenant of the First Church : the same to which, as members of the First Church, they had before subscribed ; "hereby," they say, "recognizing and renewing the substance of the First Covenant entered into by our pious ancestors at their first founding a church in New England in this town, Aug. 6, 1G29, professing ourselves, nevertheless, to be in charity wdtli all men wdio love the Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and truth." This covenant icas a covenant, not a creed, nor containing a creed. It simply bound them to walk together in all the ways of God, "as he is pleased to reveal himself unto us in his Blessed Word of truth." I do not stop to inquire whether tliey could be sure that they had the very covenant of Aug. 6, 1629, letter for letter. The}' believed they had the same, as, no doubt, 26 MEMORIAL SERMON. they had substantially ; as such they revered and retained it, adding only their broad profession of charity with all lovers of the Lord Jesus Christ. To their acceptance of this elder covenant they add somewhat, to be sure, but rather in the nature of reiteration of a few of its obligations,. than as adding new ones. While it is true, at the same time, that, incidentally, they show that they believed in God, as "Father, Son, and Holy Ghost ;" in "the Holy Scriptures contained in the old and new testaments," "taking them for our [their] sole and suffi- cient rule of faith and practice ;" and that they relied "upon the atonement purchased by the blood of the great Mediator for the pardon of our [their] manifold sins." Theirs was the faith of their time. Within the next few months, and before the ordination of the minister, from twenty to thirty more members had been admitted to the church, making a membership of seventy-five to eighty persons. At a meeting held on the 20th of August (1772), they voted that this should be called the North Church. The same day Thomas Barnard, junior, was fonnally chosen its pastor. John Nutting, who had held the same office for thirty-five years in the First Church, and Joshua Ward, who for nearly twenty years had been a deacon of that church, were chosen ruling elders, and Samuel Holman and James Gould, deacons. It was voted that the Lord's Supper should be administered on the last Sunday of every month. The church and society were now fully organized. The meeting house was so far advanced that it was to be used for public worship on the next Sunday, though it required MEMORIAL SERMON. 27 cxtomporizod scats and other coiiveiiienccs for the present. The minister had been nnanimously chosen, and was their preacher already, though not to be ordained till the house should be finished. From August to the next Januaiy, the time of his ordination, Mr. Barnard preached regularly, and all the usual church rites were duly observed.* The ordination of Mr. Barnard, which took place on the 13th of January, 1773, crowned with fruition the hopes of those who for two and a half years had been so steadily seeking his settlement as their minister ; first, if it were possible, in the old church of their fathers ; if not possible there, in a new one. A little scene which occurred at the ordination must have touched all hearts. Mr. Barnard's paralytic father, the senior pastor of the First Church, was present and when Rev. Mr. Diman of the East Church, who gave the Hand of Fellowship, had first welcomed the newl}^ gathered church, and then its young pastor, to the communion of the neighboring churches, he turned to the elder Barnard, saying : "Reverend sir, we heartily congratulate you on the happy settlement of your son. How great is God's goodness ! How doth he bring good out of evil, and turn afllictions into blessings ! The uncommon disorder with which you have been visited and *The first cliild of whose baptism in the North Cliurch a record is found was Abigail, daughter of Jolin nohnan, i)resented August 30, 17"'2. the second Sunday on which the churcli was occupied. A month later, September 27th, there was a baptism of ten children, nine girls and one boy, which was probably the origin of the statement found in the Salem Gazette of October 27, 1772, that "Last Sunday (i. e. Oi-t. 2r)th). were baptized in the new Congregational Church in this town, ten infante, all females." Mr. William Gavet, for many years sexton of the church, whose death took place in January, 18.ifi, at the age of 89, supposed himself to have been the first child baptized in tlie North Society; but in this, as we have seen, he was mistaken. He, together with other children of his fatlier, Jonatlian Gavet, was baptized in January, 1773. 28 MEMORIAL, SERMON. taken off from your public labors was very grievous ; but it has made way for the settlement of your son, thus near you, to comfort and cherish you in your declining age, and under your many infirmities ; which is a very great favor of Providence to you. . . . And then there is this happy circumstance attending your son's settlement, that all his hearers are his friends who hear him with pleasure, and therefore with candor ; which must also give him pleasure and likewise freedom in speaking, which is a favor that but few enjoy. And they are not only his friends but yours. They highly esteem you in love, as well as him, for your work's sake. And they have submitted to many difficulties and been at great expense to bring about this settlement. The Lord bless them and abundantly reward them for their kindness to him and to you. . . . We bless God, dear sir, . . . that you have the great comfort and satisfaction of seeing the public ministry, which you quitted with so much reluctance, carried on by your son, to the good accept- ance and, we think, to the spiritual instruction and edifica- tion, of so many of your former hearers. As we condoled with you in your trouble, so we now heartily rejoice with you in this goodness of God to you." A notice of the ordination, in the "Salem Gazette" of the week following, ends with the comprehensive remark that "The whole was carried on with propriety, elegance and solemnity. Genteel entertainments were provided in vari- ous parts of the town for the council, ministers, governors and students of Harvard College and all the company that were present at the ordination."* * The sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Williams of Bradford, afterwards Pro- fessor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Harvard College, with whom Mr. MEMORIAL SERMON. 29 Mr. Barnard was to receive ;i settlement of sixty-six pounds, thirteen shillings and four pence ; thirty pounds a year were to be paid to him besides, unless the proprietors should furnish him with a suital)lc house, in which case the pa\Tnent of this sum should cease ; and his "stated salary" was to be one hundred and thirty -three pounds, six shillings and eight pence ; "but in case he be taken off his labor, and the propriety be obliged to supply the pulpit, then the salary" was to be "reduced to one hundred and six pounds, thirteen shillings and four pence." And further he was to receive "all the money that is contributed unmarked." This unmarked money, of wdiich frequent mention is found in the records, is explained by the custom which prevailed for many years of collecting the taxes for pews in the form, lirst of a weekl}^ then of a monthly and tinally a quarterly collection taken in church, the sum being wrapped in paper and marked with the number of the pew, or the name of the occupant, or both ; a regular account being kept with each tax-payer and pew, and the account adjusted at the end of the year. If it fell short, the deficiency was to be made up. If a surplus had been contributed, which w^as not at all unusual, it was credited on the next year's account. And as sometimes a stranger, or an occupant of a pew who was not a tax-payer, desired to contribute some- thing, such sums w^ere put in with no name or mark upon •them. They were "the unmarked money," and Avere the minister's perquisite. Usually they amounted to very little ; Barnard had pursued his professional studies. The prayer of ordination and charge were by Kev. Edward Barnard of Haverliill, an uncle of the minister elect and brother of the senior pastor of the First Church. The tirst prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Tucker of Newbury, who had succeeded Rev. Thomas Barnard, senior, in the ministry at Newbury; the other prayer by Rev. Mr. Swain of Wenham. 30 MEMORIAL, SERMON. sometimes a few cents ; sometimes a dollar or more ; not unfrequently nothing. The amount for one whole year (1801) was $2.24 ; another year (1802), $3.47. This society appears to have had no period of weak infancy. It was strong, confident and assured of its sta- bility from the beginning. It boldly built a large meeting house, and sold nearly three-fourths of its one hundred and forty pews without difficulty and at once. Men of wealth sustained it with determination, and it had such credit from the start as to draw the doubting and hesitating to its support. It had better than financial strength. It was instituted under the lead of sagacious and earnest men, who had had their character and capacity well tried in other positions of trust and honor. There were good men and women of their number, held in esteem alike for their probity and their charity. Among these names are many identified with the most honorable history of the town for the period ; some of them known far beyond the limits of the town. The vener- able Col. Benjamin Pickman, the first of four in lineal order who bore the same name and title, reputed to be, with a single exception, more extensively engaged in commerce than any other man in the province ; a Judge of the Com- mon Pleas ; member of the Provincial Council ; eminent for patriotic services and public spirit, such as to obtain public recognition and a handsome and valuable testimonial from the legislative assembly, while he was no less beloved for his private virtues ; now drawing towards the close of a long, useful and generous life; — his sons. Col. Benjaniin Pickman, junior, William Pickman and Clark Gay ton Pick- man, all successful merchants and much respected citizens, -AIKMOIMAI. SKU.MOX. 31 whoso naiuos "wore taiuilinr to an earlier iicnrratioii. and are not N'et torii'otten in ihis eonununit v ; — Col. \\ illiani Urowne, (lest-ended iVoni a distiniiuisheil ancestry, well-educated, wealthy, henexolent and at the time a great favorite with the people ; a little later a rludiic of the Superior Court, and for a short time of the Supreme Bench, by executive a[)[)ointment, though later still a loyalist and refugee;* — Dr. Kdward A. Ilolyoke, the widely-known and skilful *Jiuljre Browne was a clesceiulant in direct line from tlie Samncl and tlie two Wil- li;'.ui Urownes, who. with Benjamin, brother of the second William, were benefactors of Harvard Collejre. and fonnders of tlie Browne scholarship in that institution. The Brownes were liberal patrons of good learning in the schools of Salem, as well as in the college at Canibriilge. This was not the only William Browne who was somewhat widely known. He had a cousin, William Burnet Browne, for whom he seems to have been mistaken by 'Sir. Ward, the editor of "Cnrwen's Journal and Letters." and by Mr. Sabine (who i)erhaps followed Ward) in his "Ameriean lyOyalists." Wai'd. in his biograjihical notice of our Colonel William Browne (p. ,104.4111 ed.. 1S:>4), riglitly says that he was a son of Samuel Browne, but incorrectly adds, '■ and a grandson of Gov. Burnet." Colonel William Browne had an uncle, William Browne, the proprietor of '• Ifyal Side," who married a daughter of (iov. Burnet, and had a son, William [Burnet] Browne. This William Burnet Browne was a cousin, therefore, of Saniuers son. William. Mr. Sabine seems to have lallcn into the same mistake (p. ISO, of edition published in 1847). In the commonness of the name a doubt was suggested to tlie writer, at one time, whether the William Browne who was one of the original members of the Xortli Church, and Colonel William Browne, the loyalist refugee, and atlenvards Governor of Bermuda, were the same person. Subsequent investigation left no room for reason- able doubt. Not onlj- is he designated as "Colonel" William Browne upon the records, but his name which was prominent among tlie oflicers of the First Church before 1772, and among those of the North Church after that date, su'ldenly disappears entirely from the records at just the time when Colonel Browne left the country. More- over, at the annual meetmg of the proprietors, on Jan. 12, 177S. the collectors were di- rected •• to apjily to the Committee ()f Safety of this town, for all taxes now due on the pews belonging to William Browne, Escj." Colonel Browne's jirojicrty was confiscated on account of his adherence to the royal cause; and under the circumstances an applica- tion to the Coniiuittee of Safety for the unpaid pew taxes, shows tiie jiolitical status of the pew-holder to be just that which Colonel William Browne held at the time. Add. that Colonel Browne had pews both in the First and North Churches, which wci'e ofl"ered for sale alter his departure, and we are justified in saying that there can be no (|uestioii that Colonel William Browne, afterwards Judge, then refugee, and later still appointed Governor of Bermuda by the English Ministry, was the same who was among tlie original fifty-two persons dismissed from the First Church to form the North Church. His mother. Katharine Sargent, was also one of the original members of this church. She was a daughter of John and Ann Winthrop, and married after the death of her first husband. Samuel Browne, Colonel Epes Sargent of Gloucester, who re- moved to Salem not long after their marriage. Colonel Sargent died in 17G2. and his widow continued to live near her son. Colonel William Browne, on EsBex street, in a house which he built for her, next hie own, in 17G3. 32 MEMORIAL SERMON. physician, the courteous gentleman, the modest and ex- emplary Christian; — Samuel Curwen, the son of a beloved minister of the First Church, himself educated for the min- istry, but diverted by ill-health to commercial pursuits ; a captain under General Pepperell at Louisburg ; a Judge of admiralty at the opening of the Revolution ; a gentleman cultivated by letters and travel ; — Francis Cabot, a merchant of reputation and a gentleman of large wealth and influ- ence ; — John Nutting, educated at Cambridge, sometime a teacher, who had been thirty-six years a ruling elder in the First Church, and lived to fill the same office for eighteen years afterwards in the North Church ; for many years hold- ing various and important offices under the Government ; — Joshua Ward, the ardent patriot, long an officer in the First Church and in the North; — his son, Eichard, active and prominent both in military and civil affiiirs ; — Nathan Goodale, teacher and merchant ; — the worthy Deacon Samuel Holman, who for forty years was one of the Standing Committee of the Proprietors and an officer of the church, deacon and ruling elder until his death, a period of fifty-three years ; — Col. David Mason and Capt. John Felt, those sturdy patriots whose names soon after became connected with the cause of popular liberty from their part in the afiair with the British Col. Leslie at North Bridge, in February, 1775 ; — and of younger men, Benjamin Goodhue, afterwards senator, and Dr. William Paine, Jacob Ashton, William Yans — these are some of the names that stand among the founders of the North Church and society. The only time when, perhaps, the society may have felt that a serious breach had been made into its security and strengrth was at the breakino' out of the Revolution. MEMORIAL SERMON. 33 At the first of it the leading men of the society were on the side of tiie Government. Tlie minister inclined that way in the beginning, though not long. Col. William Browne, Joseph Blaney, Francis Cabot, Samuel Curwen, Benjamin Pickman (he who was Benjamin Pickman, the junior, at the formation of the church ; his father had died in 1773), his brothers, William and Clark Gayton Pickman, Dr. Holyoke, John Nutting, Jacob Ashton, Weld Gardner, Jonathan Goodhue, William Vans, Andrew Dalglish, Henry Gardner, Nathan Goodale and James Hastie, — th^se were all disposed to support the Government ; certainly not all, perhaps not any, with entire approval of the measures adopted by the Government, but from a conviction, shared largely by thoughtful men throughout all the provinces, that successful resistance would be impossible, and that the difficulties between the jNIother Country and the Colonies might be composed by moderate and conciliatory counsels. The greater number of these loyalists finally fell more into sympathy with the tone of feeling around them, and in the end adhered to the American cause. A few, however, resolutely chose the other course and joined the royal standard and, when the storm burst, withdrew from the countr}^ generally retiring either to the eastern provinces or to England. Samuel Curwen, William Browne and Ben- jamin Pickman were among the latter ; and in the very interesting letters and journal of Mr. Curwen, written during the period of his expatriation, we have a vivid picture, if sometimes a sad one, of the struggles and heart-sicknesses which these exiles endured. Their hearts after all yearned for their early homes, and the homes of their people. In many cases impoverished, dependent, tossed between re- 34 MEMORIAL SERMON. vivino- hopes aiul new disappointments, as the fortunes of the conflict wavered, not altogether trusted by the Govern- ment whose pensioners they were, they wore away Avearily the slow years of the war.* Two or three votes found among the records of the pro- prietors seem to show that the resources of the society were much aflccted b}' the war. At the annual meeting in 1776, a vote was passed to the following purport: — "Whereas, the difficulty of the times is such tliat, if a tax for the Rev. Mr. Barnard's salary was laid as usual, there is great probability that it cannot be collected ; therefore voted that a committee [of gentlemen named] be desired to wait upon the Rev. JNIr. Barnard, to know if he will accept, for the present, of a free contribution for his support in lieu of his salary." Mr. Barnard accepted this proposal upon condition that it should work no inva- lidity in the original contract at his settlement. And though there is evidence that he did not for a time receive the full amount of his salary under this arrangement, it was remembered afterwards, and partial or full restitution was made of the sum deficient; and from iUjout 1795 a *Tlie journal of Judge Cimven gives us also a pleasant glimpse of a fragmentaiy contiiniance of tlie fellowsliip of the Xortli Churcli. in the j-ears of their London exile. He makes frequent mention of social meetings with his old Salem friends; and often alludes to his Sundays, and his manner of spending the day. He became a regular attendant at the chapel of Theophilus Lindsay, the early and distinguished English Unitarian clergyman, who left a good living in Yorkshire from conscientious objections to some parts of the liturgy of the Established Church, wliich he afterwards altered for use in his London chapel. Mr. Curwen gives interesting notices of Priestley and Price, and other ministers of less note, whom he heard in London daring his residence there. For Mr. Lindsay he came to entertain a very high regard, based upon his tliouglitful discourses, and his beautiful christian life and character. He sometimes took with him, to his Sunday worship, his old friends and felloM'-communicants Of the Nortli Church, Benjamin Pickman and William Browne; so, two or three, at least, of the brethren of the North Church met by the river of Babylon ; and who shall doubt that there they sometimes wept (in secret) as they remembereil the New England Zion, and the dear Salem of the West, and that they found it hard to sing her songs in a strange land? MEMORIAL SEKMON. 35 rt'i>:ul:ir annual addition of one hundred to three hundred and tifty dollars was made to his stdary, and was continued to the end of his life ; thus making his salary at the highest, however, but al)out nine hundred dollars. Dr. Barnard's ministry continued from Jan. 13, 1773 to Oct. 1, 1814, the time of his death, nearly forty-two years ; more than two-fifths of the century. He had had no assist- ant, though nearing the end of his sixty-seventh year, and left a fresh sermon partly written upon his table when he died. If asked, for what ideas or what type of influence this church stood, during these earliest forty-tv\^o years, I should say, taking its pastor as its representative : first, it stood for the religion of a true humanity ; a religion which made love to man the best expression of love to God ; for that inter- pretation of Christianity which makes prominent its humane spirit. Dr. Barnard was a whole-hearted man. He loved his kind. He loved little children. Men of diverse tastes and various culture found themselves drawn to him. He won by his own genial, sympathetic and comprehensive man- liness. You saw how friends gathered around him in the first instance in the First Church. They stood by him at the sacrifice of life-long associations and deepest rooted affections. The spirit that animated himself he evoked in others: He was a reconciler ; not by studied compromises, but by native courtesy and magnanimity. His generosity of mind put generous construction upon other men's mo- tives, and by the inbred honor of his character he held the confidence he gained. He proved that he had courage and sincerity, or he might have been cast aside as a time-server. He was a young man of twenty-seven only, 36 MEMORIAL SERMON. when the Revolutionary War broke out. With such men in his society as Judge William Browne, Col. Benjamin Pickman, Francis Cabot, Judge Samuel Curwen, Dr. Holyoke and others, on the one side, and the Wards, Col. Mason and Capt. John Felt on the other ; himself first leaning to the side of politic concession, even signing the complimentary address to Gov. Hutchinson, but after- wards joining the party of resistance with no equivocal or doubtful devotion, and publicly recalling some of the ex- pressions to which he had previously subscribed, he seems, nevertheless, to have done all with such a frankness, consci- entiousness and fearlessness, as to put his honesty and patriotism beyond question, so that he retained the friend- ship of those who became divided from each other. In the affair of Col. Leslie at the North Bridge, he was conspicuous and characteristically the minister of peace. Amons; the various and sometimes conflicting accounts of the prominent actors and scenes of that day, there is a sub- stantial agreement in mentioning Mr. Barnard's presence and active and successful efforts to prevent bloodshed. Leslie's force, three or four hundred strong, passed by his meeting house on their march through Lynde and North streets, to the North Bridge. The afternoon congregation had already been dismissed at the alarm that such troops were approaching, and Mr. Barnard lost no time in pre- senting himself to the British officer, who stood baffled and exasperated before the raised draw at the North River, and remonstrating against his threat to fire on the people. Young as he was, he bore the difficult part of pacificator among these angry, heated and hostile men, who, on either side defiantly declared their intention to yield nothing, with MEMORIAL, SERMON. 37 a self-possession and a persuasiveness in remonstrance, which tinally succeeded. Col. Leslie gave his word of honor, at length, that if permitted to pass his men over the bridge, he would not go beyond a certain number of rods. The bridge was lowered and he kept his word. The mood of mind in which so many of the inhabitants had hurriedly and excitedly assembled leaves no room for doubt that there would have been serious collision and probably loss of life, if the counsels of forbearance had not prevailed. I called a few weeks since upon the late Rev. Charles Cleaveland of Boston, who died at the age of one hundred years, wanting a few days. He joined this church in 1791, and from December, 1804, to December, 1806, was the clerk of the society. On my introduction to him as the minister of this church, he exclaimed : "O ! I love the North Church ! Good Dr. Barnard ! Good Dr. Barnard !" and proceeded to express with enthusiasm his affection and reverence for that excellent man. But Dr. Barnard was not merely the large-hearted man. He was a respectable scholar and loved the fellowship of literary men and good thinkers. He was a wise counsellor and his aid was much sought in the ecclesiastical councils of his time. He was a preacher of popular and acceptable gifts. Few ministers had more frequent proofs of this in the fomi of complimentary invitations to preach occasional discourses, abroad and at home ; many of which were also printed. He delivered the Dudleian Lecture at Cambridge in 1795 ; preached before the convention of congregational ministers in 1793; before the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1789 ; and ordination sermons at the settlement of Aaron Bancroft in Worcester in 1786, and of Ichabod 38 MEMORIAL SERMON. Nicbols of Portland, Maine, in 1809 ; besides many other discourses before charitable institutions and on days of pub- lic observance. A discourse preached on the death of Gen. Washington, in 1799, was published "by desire of the town" and it shows a warm and admiring gratitude for the character and services of that great man ; a feeling which obtained repeated expression in his public discourses. During the ministry of Dr. Barnard this pulpit and this society stood also for religious liberty. Not negatively only, by preaching practical religion and leaving dogmatic divinity aside, did the minister of this church discountenance bigotry and the over-valuation of theological schemes, but positively, earnestly, frequently, did he rebuke the spirit- ual assumption and uncharitableness which makes of one's own opinion, or of the interpretation of truth by one's own church, a standard for others' confessions. I presume that Dr. Barnard was in the earlier part of his ministry what was called then an Arminian, perhaps towards the end of his life a Unitarian. I speak guardedly, for though Dr. Channing so classed him, Dr. Sanmel Worcester of the Tabernacle Church declared that he was not a Unitarian. Their different ways of defining "Unitarian" would probably explain the contradiction between them. Dr. Channing was not mis- taken, in supposing that Dr. Barnard was, in his general habits of thinking, in sympathy with the liberal clergy of his time. I have heard a tradition that when once a pa- rishioner said : "Dr. Barnard, I never heard you preach a sermon upon the Trinity," he replied : "And you never will." * It is very evident that the society at the time of * Dr. Prince says of him, however, tliat though "his preaching was more practical than metaphysical," " he did not neglect to disciiss any religious subject which he MEMORIAL SERMON. 39 his death in 1814 hjul had such teaching and was, in its whole organic life, so penetrated and moved by the spirit of religions freedom, that it was all ready to take, as it did take without a consciousness of change, its place among those churches which about that time were beginning to be known and to know themselves, as Unitarian. One of the later and most interesting of the minutes entered by his hand upon the pages of the church record book, is the reply sent by this church to a communication from the Rev. Abiel Abbot and the society of which he was the pastor, in Coventry, Connecticut ; an answer to the request that this church would send delegates to an ecclesi- astical council to be held in Coventry, to advise them as to their duty under what seemed to them an arbitrary attempt of neisrhborins: churches to exercise ecclesiastical domination over them, in clear violation of the vital principles of con- gregational liberty. This church declined to send repre- sentatives to a council in Connecticut, "thinking it not proper for us," they say, "to enter in ecclesiastical form another state, which, Avith the patronage of its civil govern- ment differs from us in its church discipline." This did not prevent their severe condemnation, however, of the inter- ference of certain churches which had arrogated to them- selves the power to dismiss a minister from his settlement without his own or his society's consent. But "we think," is their conclusion, "an ecclesiastical council formed of members only from this state, to take cognizance of your affairs, would not be a promising means under divine Providence to free you from the injuries of which you thought would throw lipht on the Scriptures, inform the minds of his hearers, and lay open the designs of God in the gospel, impress the minds of his hearers with reverence and love, conflrm their faith and excite obedience." 40 MEMORIAL SERMON. complain, and to restore and establish the rights you claim as Christians. It might be seriously hurtful to you in civil process ; which, in our judgment, must issue 3^our aggrieve- ments, or perpetuate them." This letter was signed by Thomas Barnard, "by the desire and direction of the church." But it is evident, I think, from these last sentences at least, that it was not drawn up without consultation with legal minds ; and a church on whose roll of members stood the names of Judge Putnam, Ichabod Tucker and Leverett Saltonstall, not to mention more, had no need to go elsewhere to find the ablest counsel for its guidance on questions legal-ecclesiastical. Still, this letter was in the very vein of Dr. Barnard's most habitual thought and discourse. And it was well said after his death that "the influence of his name assisted to preserve the liberties of our churches from the abuses of power and the ignorance of misguided men." Dr. Barnard, whoso death occurred Oct. 1, 1814, was succeeded in the following April by the youthful John Emery Abbot, son of Dr. Benjamin Abbot, for half a century the distinguished head of Phillips Academy at Exeter, N. H. It would be difficult to make those of the present generation, and strangers to our history, understand fully the very great love and veneration with which this rare young man inspired his people ; and which still make his name and memory dear to the hearts of his few surviving contemporaries. Less than twentj^-two years of age when he was settled ; assuming at once the full burden of pastor over a large society ; and preacher to a congregation con- taining a large number of persons of high intelligence and culture ; his health never vigorous ; he possessed such MEMORIAL SERMON. 41 graces of spirit. l)oro liiinsclf with siu-li a modest dignity, preiielu'd with such ti matured wisdom and moving earnest- ness, and gave himsell' so wliolly and ghidly to his ^vork, that the remembrances and traditions of his brief and broken ministry of four years — barely two and a half of active labor and ended more than fifty years ago — are more distinct, marked and permanent here to-day, than would be expected from a ministr}^ of a quarter of a century. Before lie had been two years here his health began to give "way. A journey and short trial of a more southern air, in the fall of 1817, proved of no advantage, — it was thought did him injury. And though he preached once after his return, he continued from that time steadily to decline. In the next spring and summer, of 1818, he rallied somewhat, passing the season in his native town. In the autumn Avorse symptoms reappearing, he sailed for Havana, though very feeble, and passed the winter in and near that city. The warmer climate brought no restoration ; and he returned extremely reduced to Exeter in June, 1819, and died there, at his father's house, on the 7th of October following. Mr. Al)bot was a i»ood scholar and a conscientious student. But his highest power lay in the silent influence which ever went forth from a soul which Iiad its conversation in heaven ; a soul of deep religious sensibility ; a character of stainless purity ; a life which seemingl}' exhibited at once, in trancpiil equipoise and harmonious activity, all christian excellences. His early death, the fading out so soon of this morning light of beauty and promise, watched as it was by so many tearful eyes and sympathetic hearts, no doubt heightened 3 42 MEMOEIAL SERMON. that exaltation of sanctitied love by which he became trans- figured in the recollection of his people. The coming of jNIr. Abbot to the ministry of the North Church marks an epoch in its history, in that it was the first taking of an open stand by the society on acknowledged Unitarian ground. Gradually, perhaps unconsciously, the society and its first minister had long been tending to this point. The church had never imposed a creed upon its members ; for neither the broad covenant of the First Church which it reafiirmed, nor the additional sentences which it put with it, made their subscription in any sense subscription to a creed. Even those phrases which incident- ally disclosed the faith of the church in certain doctrines, which it then held but afterwards discarded, were never written to be used as a creed, nor were referred to as such, nor imposed upon any ; and not till long after the church was largely composed of Unitarian believers, was it deemed of importance to change a word of them ; for they knew this writing to have been drawn and signed, not as a statement of what was to be believed, but as an engao-cmeut to fidelity in certain duties to be done and certain practical ends to be sought. The church was always catholic in spirit and set sincerity of belief and simple discipleship above all forms of confession. Congregationalism in Massachusetts up to this time had been a name without any necessary doctrinal significance. A church polity, simply as such, it drew up no sj'stem of divinity and prescribed no articles to be assented to. Indi- viduals within these churches did such things abundantly. But, as men free to think and write their thoughts, they did it, and they had been equally free to think and write other- MEMORIAL SERMON. 43 wise, if llicy had ploascti, and Congrcgjitionalism, as a mode of c'lmreh organization, government or fellowship, could not in consistency have cared or interfered. The name Unitarian had not yet begun to be much applied, distinctively, to churches, but within these churches discussion had lonij been 2:oin2r on over the doctrines of the Calvinistic scheme which, by many of the leading men of the state, clerical and lay, were zealously denied and ably controverted. INIayhcw and Freeman, and not a few others ot the clergy of Boston and the neighborhood, had been open champions of the Unitarian faith in the last century. It li:is been said that as early as 1790, the general tone of thought in Boston was Unitarian. It was probably as true of Salem as of Boston. Drs. Barnard, Prince and Bentley, and, if prevalent traditions can be trusted, a rector of St. Peter's Church, contemporary with them, were theologically in close sympathy with the Boston clergy just named ; while there were thoughtful laymen in all these churches, not a whit behind their pastors, as defenders of religious liberty and as loyal disciples of reason in the interpretation of Christianity. The controversy waxed warmer in the early years of the present century. The views of different preachers were keenly canvassed and the lines of coming separation began to appear. William Ellery Channing, settled in the Federal street pulpit of Boston in 1803, though himself averse to polemic writing, gave a fresh impulse to the discussion by his inspiring discourses upon the immeasuralde capabilities, hopes and aspirations, of human nature ; by his bold and warning call to churches and Christians to stand fast in their Christian liberties — to come under no yoke of human creed 44 MEMORIAX, SERMON. or spiritual court ; and by his constant appeal to the human reason and the human conscience, without whose authenti- cation he urged that no religion could gain permanent credence and acceptance with reasoning and conscience- guided men. Mr. Abbot had had his professional training in part under the guidance of Mr. Channing, in part also under the tuition of the elder Henry Ware ; and had a warm friend in' Henry Ware the younger. Sharing in the affectionate esteem of such men and of the younger ministers of the time trained in the same school of thought, such men as Frothingham of the First Church and Everett of the Brattle Street Church in Boston, his call and coming to this church pronounced, what had before been known but not so fully recognized, that this church took its place among tliose which made "Holiness, Truth and Humanity" their sufficient motto. Mr. Channing preached at Mr. Abbot's ordination and Mr. Frothingham gave the Hand of Fellowship. The sermon made a deep impression. The subject of it was "Preaching Christ" (from Col. i, 28). In answering the question: "What are we to understand by 'Preaching Christ'," he announced, as his view, that "Preaching Christ does not consist in making Christ perpetually the subject of dis- course, but in inculcating on his authority, the religion whiclt he taught.'' This sermon was soon followed by the well-known controversial pamphlets between the preacher and the Rev. Dr. Samuel Worcester of the Tabernacle Church in this city, and by the full opening of the question of separation or continued union between the "liberal" and "orthodox" parties in the congregational churches of Mas- sachusetts, ending in separation. MEMORIAL SERMON. 45 A few months after the death of ]\lr. Abbot, the society and church gave a call to Rev. Henry Colman of Hingham to become their minister, but under such circumstances that it was declined. Mr. Colman was settled at the time over the Third society in that town ; and a considerable number of influential members of this society regarded that which is now so common and so little questioned, the inviting of a settled minister by another church, as a breach of christian comity and good fellowship ; and for that reason some resisted the action of the church and society in the matter and others took no part in the vote. A committee pre- viously appointed for the purpose had, however, solicited the opinions "of the principal officers of the University at Cambridge and some of the most eminent clergymen of Boston" upon the question ; and they reported unanimously, as the result of their inquiry, that the invitation could be extended "with propriety" and "with honor." Five years after, ]Mr. Colman having left his parish in Hingham and a portion of the First Parish in this town having endeavored unsuccessfully to settle him as a colleague with their aged pastor. Rev. Dr. Prince, a new society was formed, principally from his friends in the First and North Church congregations, taking the name of the Independent Congregational Society in Barton Square, of which he became the first minister. For a time the division of feeling, caused l)y the attempt to settle Mr. Colman and its failure, had a disturbing and depressing effect upon the harmony of the society. But within some six or eight months, fortunately, the minds and desires of the people centred with unanimity upon a gentle- man who accepted their invitation and on the 14th of No- 46 MEMOEIAX, SERMON. vember, 1820, was ordained their minister and held the pastoral office for more than a quarter of a century and till his death, which occurred on the 26th of February, 1846, — John Brazer. The period of Dr. Brazer's ministry was one of highest prosperity to this society, measuring prosperity by those tests which are most readily discernible ; it was strong in numbers, ample and liberal in resources, united in action and attentive to the ministrations of the pulpit, — attentive because interested in them. I know that to the severe judgment and sensitive sj^irit of the minister himself it often seemed otherwise. He deplored the little eJSect that his preaching seemed to produce. He estimated his success to be most moderate. He saw more distinctly what he had hoped to accomplish that had not been realized, than what he had clone. But I take the judgment of those best qualified to say how it was and those facts I take which have their own voice, requiring no interpreter. In speaking of the condition of the society while under his charge, I feel that I am so largely illustrating his work and the nature and extent of his influence that I need not attempt to separate them. Thus it was, then, that the preaching of Dr. Brazer attracted hearers to his church, not by the surprises and excitements of a highly wrought oratorical manner, nor by rhetorical brilliancy, but by its ability, directness and power. It was marked by deep seriousness and by the grave dignity of the preacher's bearing and address ; by the proofs of careful learning and studious preparation ; by the clearness of his statements and the closeness and force of his reasonings, while all was presented in a style so conscien- MEMORIAL SERMON. 47 tiously trnnspnroiit and siinplc, thai any mind capable of taking- the thought was not hindered l)y ambitious phrasc- oloo-y, or obscure constructions, or confusing" images. l^'tter than this, the honest hearer ftdt that he was honestly dealt -with ; that here the most difficult and most important office of the christian preacher was fulfilled, that, namely, of the monitor and quickener of the conscience and the faithful exactor of righteousness. His preaching in the earlier part of his ministry, adapting itself to the state of religious thought and inquiry of the time, was more in the direction of doctrinal instruction for which his natural powers of mind, his strength in argument and his studious habits excellently qualified him. But, earlier and later, it was the natural tendency of his mind and moral nature, ever stirred by a quick religious sensi- bility, to give prominence to themes bearing upon personal conduct, the communings of faith and the soul's culture. To this, living witnesses can speak and the remembered voices of the dead bring testimony. The venerated Judge Samuel Putnam of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, in requesting a dismission of him- self, wife and daughter to the church under the care of Rev. Dr. Lowell in Boston, in 1834, accompanied the request with expressions of grateful obligation to the pastor of this church, "for the very able and faithful manner in which }'ou [he] have [had] discharged the arduous and very difficult duties of pastor and teacher," adding, "I desire also to manifest the deep interest which I now and ever shall have, for the peace and prosperity of the church and soci- ety, with which, for a great number of years, we have worshipped." No better testimony to the power and the 48 MEMORIAL SERMON. elevated character of Dr. Brazer's ministrations coulcl be adduced, than the character of the men whom he drew together to his instructions from Sunday to Sunday. Judges Putnam and Story and Cummins ; Leverett Saltonstall, Col. Benjamin Pickman (the third in lineal descent who bore the title), Ichabod Tucker, John G. King and Frederic Howes ; not to mention others less widely known, but scarcely less strong and disciplined in thought ; trained minds like these ; seekers for truth and its loyal followers like these, found here the wise and ripe teaching that carried them forward and helped them to be "men in under- standing," while they heard also such an uncompromising summons to fidelity, as deepened their sense of accounta- bleness for the right and religious use of every talent and ability they possessed. But higher testimony than theirs have we to the pastor's faithful execution of his Master's commission, coming from an humbler class, who testify that to the poor the gospel was preached ; preached not alone in words of hope and good cheer and unfaltering faith , but in acts , of timely help- fulness and an ever open-handed bounty. Dr. Brazer per- formed well that delicate, but most christian and important duty of the minister, of bringing the rich and poor into closer sympathy and mutual regard; this, by the habit of bringing to the knowledge of the rich the opportunity and duty of doing good by their wealth among the unfortunate and needy and by acting as the almoner of the beneficent. It has been my privilege since I have entered upon these walks of ministerial service which he so long and so unos- tentatiously pursued, to hear many expressions of gratitude from lips now silent, and to come upon proofs at humblest IklEMORIAL SEIOION. 49 firesides tliat there his memory is rcvcrcutly and k)viiigly cherished. As u visitor of the sick and a consohn- and helper of those in tr()u))U', he carried a quick and unfailing sympathy to the homes of his people. If he must fail to see any in his pastoral visits with as much frecjuency as he or they desired, it was the prosperous and happy, not the sufi'ering, who waited for him to come. Whether as preacher or pastor, he could not but l)c in earnest and impressive ; indeed I know not where the qual- ities of the preacher which he exemplified have been better set forth than in his own w^ords ; or where the qualities which he set forth in words have been better exemplified than in himself. In a sermon at the ordination of my friend who sits near, and a child of the North Church (Rev. Jonathan Cole), from the text "fervent in spirit," he says among other things worth quoting if there were time ; "great results are sacri- ficed in a studied attention to details, — powerful impression in a pursuit of the minor graces of diction ; the benefit of the many in an excessive deference to the refined taste of the few. Anything almost that has pith and point is better than this sentence-making, this tame and lifeless rhetoric." "Xor will the preacher, who feels the true dignity and importance of his office, freeze his words as they fall from his lips by his own apparent indifference to their import, or permit them to vibrate in a sleepy cadence, or to sink into a drowsy monotony. Nor when he speaks of themes that should strike and rouse the soul, will he speak as if he were performing a set task, but as if he were moved by a strong impulse to speak." 50 BIEMORIAL SERMON. Once only I heard Dr. Brazer preach, in my yonth, in the college chapel at Cambridge ; and with what impression of his effectiveness in the pulpit is best attested by the fact that not only his fine dignity and enchaining earnestness of manner are well remembered, but that the lesson of the hour has not faded away in these thirty intervening years. I am not ignorant of certain temperamental qualities, which at times interfered to some extent with an easy, free and close communion between Dr. Brazer and his people. He is pictured to me as a man by nature diffident and sen- sitive ; not always accessible and at ease, and ready in conversation in all companies ; and of a nervous excitability, perhaps, which made it clifiicult for him sometimes, not to betray those disturbances of feeling and changes of mood, of Avhich others have no experience, or if they have them, which they are able to hide from notice. Of these little infelicities, comparative strangers, and those who knew him only superficially, sometimes made too much. But those who knew him more closely and sympathized more fully with his deeper spirit and controlling purpose, found them no bar nor embarrassment to their intercourse and commu- nion with him, if indeed they saw them. In truth it is to be said of him, that they, who stood closest to him, knew him best, worked with him most intimately, and were themselves the most exacting judges of purity of character and personal fidelity, were the ones who most esteemed him and confided in him, and paid to him their most valued respect and affection. Dr. Brazer I judge to have been, 1)y mental constitution and habit, a conservative in his views of truth, his regard for ancient custom, his idea of the right social order, MEMOIIIAL SEHMOX. 51 pro<2:ross and reforin. In tlio theological discussions of his time within his oAvn denomination, he leaned to the old school rather than the new. As to the question of slavery and i)()]itiral changes in general, he shrank from disturbing existing foundations, and held by the conclusions of the past and fixed, rather than trust to the sea of the unknown and encounter the dreaded dangers of revolution. His health bcgan'to fail, sensibly, as earl}^ as 1843, and he experienced much suifering ; but he continued in the dis- charge of his duties till the first of the year 1846, when, on the fu'st Sunday of the year, he preached his last sermon, from the text : " Whatsoever a man so wetli that shall he also reap ;" spoken of by those who heard it as "pervaded ])y a spirit of tenderness altogether beyond what was usual in his public services." He left his home and people on the 19th of January, for a journey to the South, ho})ing that rest and change of climate would restore him. His illness was not considered as tlireatening a fatal result, and for a little while he seemed better ; l)ut he died at the house of a friend and classmate, near Charleston, S. C, on the 2Gth of February, 184G.* I shall pursue the annals of our church and society no farther. I have reached the period of living ministers and of events remembered by the men of young and middle age to-da}'. To give more completeness to the record, I simply mention that Dr. Brazer was succeeded in the pastorship of this society by Mr. Octavius B. Frothingham of Boston, * Mr. r.rnz.er was born in Worcester, Macs.. Sept. 21, 1789, gradnnteil from Harvard Collcpe in IS1:{ witli the lii^lie-t lionors of his class; was afterwards tntor and jiro- fessor of Latin in the college, whicli honored liim in 1830 with tlie degree of S. T. D. He died at the plantation of Dr. IJenjamin Uuger, in Soiitli Carolina, at the age of j() years, 5 niontb:^. 52 MEMORIAL SERMON, who was ordained, March 10, 1847, and contmued m the ministry here till April 9, 1855, when he resigned his charge to enter upon a new and wider field near, and soon within, the city of New York. Rev. Charles Lowe was installed pastor of this society on the 27th of September of the same year, and was comjielled by ill health to withdraw from this ministry on the 28th of July, 1857. The present minister was installed June 5, 1859. It has seemed convenient to divide the historical review we have taken into the periods of ministerial service, and the ministers themselves have stood out somewhat conspicu- ously in the sketch. It would be interesting, if there were time for it, to make more full reference to others, men and women, whose part in the support and direction of the affairs of the society has been most important. Such as have not only kept up good courage in the minister by a ready seconding, but have done distinct and positive service in their own different ways besides ; in Sunday School and choir, and in nameless ways, such as a man or woman of force and wisdom, who wishes to sustain and strengthen a church and do good, easily finds. A society is strong, and makes its power felt, in pro- portion as it has such members. It is feeble, without charac- ter, and of little influence, in proportion as it has them not. This society has never been without such a membership. The list of those whose active usefulness came within the first three-fourths of the century would be long. I have named several of them already, though not with the fulness of delineation which their liberality, constancy and efficiency would warrant. That family of Pickmans, for example. From the day when the church was formed, at the house MEMOUIAL SERMON. 53 of the first Col. Benjamin Picknian, to this, it has given the support of weaUh, iutelligenee, character, and religious interest to this church. One of his sisters, at least, and two, it is believed, the widow of George Curwen and the wife of p]benezer Ward, were original members of the society. Three grown-up sons, Benjamin, junior, AVilliam and Clarke Gayton, in the full maturity of their manhood, came with the father and motlier and were, from the start of the enter- prise, efficient cooperators in its establishment. Of the next generation was the third Col. Benjamin, the grandson of the first ; lawyer, merchant, honored and respected citizen, Representative in Congress, liberal and enlightened Christian ; and who, as president of the Board of Directors of the Theological School at Cambridge, gave the address at the laying of the corner-stone of the Divinity Hall in that place, and is remembered by those of yon who have attained middle age, as having died here not quite thirty years ago. He was said by his pastor at that time to have been "a devoted friend of this church and society, where he has worshipped ever since they were founded." And his descendants are still with us. Of the same generation with him. and grandson likewise of the first Col. Benjamin, was the late Hon. Dudley L. Pickman, long a true friend of the society and whose descendants are still among the worship- pers here. And so, too, are descendants of Clarke Gayton Pickman enrolled among the members of this congregation to-day. I cannot trace every household minutely. I must not pass, without an additional word, however. Dr. Holyoke, a middle-aged man when this church was formed, and who lived to render it constant and valuable service for fifty-six 54 MEMOEIAL SERMON. years afterwards ; one of its ruling elders for forty -five years ; one of the committee chosen to build the first meeting-house ; forty years an active member of the Stand- ing Committee of the Proprietors ; the first person on whom Harvard College conferred the degree of Doctor of INIedi- cine ; who, at one time, said there was not then a house in this town, to which he had not been called on some profes- sional duty ; who for many years stood at the preacher's right hand in the pulpit, on account of the deafness which, in his advanced years, prevented his hearing at the distance of his pew.* I have already mentioned Deacon Samuel Holman, who held the office of deacon or ruling elder — a part of the time both — from the foundation of the church to the time of his death, fifty-three years ; a member of the Standing Com- mittee of the Proprietors thirty-six years ; and Joshua Ward, chosen with John Nutting a ruling elder when the church was formed ; Francis Cabot, during the earliest years of the society, a liberal member and an active ofiicer in the manage- ment of its affliirs ; Jacob and Susannah Ash ton, of whom I hear mention made as "pillars of the church," he, chosen a ruling elder fifty years ago ; the brothers. Deacons Elijah and Jacob Sanderson, the first the elder brother, Init the younger deacon ; several among the more eminent lawyers of Essex County, and judges of the courts of Massachusetts and of the United States I have named before as worshipping here — Putnam and Tucker and Story and Saltonstall and *Dr. Ilolyoke was known repeatedly to make a humlred professional visits in a day. But, extensive as his practice became at the height of his professional distinc- tion, he acquired practice so slowly in the beginning, that he thought seviouslyat one time of leaving Salem for some more encouraging opening. It is recorded of liim that " from the time he began his medical practice until his death, a period of nearly eighty years, he has never been absent from this town at a greater distance tliau thirty miles.' .AiEMoniAL 8Ek:mox. O.) Ciiniinius iiiul Kiii^" and IIdwcs — and 1 mention their names air:dn that I may take oeeasion to say that none of them were worshippers or hearers and notliinii; more, l)nt that nearly all of them were found servino- upon connnittces, and evineing their interest in other ways, in the welfare of the society, and their acceptance of the responsil)ility which membership in it involved, Ichabod Tucker's house was as well known to ministers as if it had been the house of a brother minister. Ilis hospitality was wide and generous. lie Avas a free, earnest and fearless inquirer into religious truth. He took a deep interest in the preaching of a lib- eral gospel, such as was represented by this church, and the society had in him a warm friend and steadfast supporter during a long life. The name of Leverett Saltonstall I must not pass without recall ins: the Ions: and faithful service he rendered here. Never pleading the engrossment of higher responsibilities, or more important cares elsewhere, numerous and exacting as his professional cares and public responsibilities often were, he was the trusted, willing and wise fellow-worker with the minister in all his labors. He was the devoted, punctual, and careful superintendent of the Sunday School ; an atten- tive member of the choir ; a sagacious adviser and an active worker in all christian and philanthropic measures ; ready whenever the church, or the cause of truth, or the needs of humanit}' laid a claim upon him. And I might continue Avith a list of liberal-minded merchants and prospered business men, now gone, who have given of their means and of their willing helpfulness to this church from its beginning. Of the earlier I have named the chief; I might mention more, the Wests and Gardners, Joseph Peabody, Ichabod Nichols, 56 MEMORIAL SERMON. Gideon Tucker and others. It were well worth while, if there were time, to speak of the women also, whose intel- ligent interest in christian studies, and whose philanthropic impulses have here raised and kept high, the standard of educated reflection, religious thought, and earnest living ; such women as Miss Burleigh, the Misses Asliton, Miss Plummer, Mrs. Nathaniel Peabody and the Misses Savage, — to mention no more. Many of you have listened, very likely, for names which you have not heard, but which you expected to be called, when the story of the North Church was to be told. But I have intended no complete enumeration : far from it. I have written down some of those names which I found re- corded, or have heard about and known familiarly, especially among the oldest and the first, for their being at the found- in o" of the church, or early in the counsels of our fathers, and foremost at the business of church building here. One characteristic of this society I have already noticed as appearing during the ministry of Dr. Barnard, which, I think, can be traced throughout its history ; a true catholic- ity of spirit, showing itself in a uniform hospitality for various opinion, and a disposition to judge men by the standard of character rather than that of creed ; adopting, indeed, the standard of Jesus : "by their fruits ye shall know them." I have said that Dr. Barnard exemplified this spirit. Whatever his own creed — and every man has a creed — he would as little have thought of requiring another to have the same, as he Avould suffer another to require conformity in him. His protest against churcli assumptions and individual dog- matizins: was constant and effective. He demanded freedom MEMORIAI. SEltMON. 57 for :ill. His sermon at the ordination of Mr. Ijancroi't in Worcester was a just expostulation against the irrational at- tempt to bring free minds, earnest in the pursuit of truth, all to like conclusions and a level sameness in tlieir si)ecula- tions ; and against the wrong done to truth, and to the soul itself, by enforced uniformity. This spirit has been kept alive in this church, 1 believe, all along its way, and was never more truly characteristic than to-day. I suppose it is true that the prevailing thought of the society, and the general color of its tendencies and prefer- ences, w^hether relating to social, political, or religious questions, have been what would be called conservative ; the more honorable and noble, therefore, its devotion to intellectual freedom and mental integrity, and its careful and jealous maintenance of the right and duty of private judg- ment, and of fidelity to the individual conscience. Let me not claim too much. I do not claim that this was an absolute and perfect catholicity, or even a toleration with- out inconsistency or flaw. The passions and prejudices of the hour always ebb and flow through church doors, as elsewhere. When the First Baptist society was about to settle its first minister, Eev. Mr. Bowles, in January, 1805, I find it upon the record that they asked for the use of the North Meeting House for the services of his ordination ; and it was granted. But the newspapers* tell mc that our neighbors went, after all, to the Tabernacle Church for their service. Was it because they learned that the vote opening the North Church to them showed twelve dissentients? At any rate, let us not hide it that such was the fact. • "Salem Gazette," Jan. — , 1805. 58 MEMORIAL, SERMON. I find upon the outside of a pamphlet in the library of the Essex Institute — the proprietors' record makes no allusion to it, though the statement must be received as none the less authentic — that the use of the church was solicited for the funeral solemnities which were to be observed in Salem, on the death of the American officers, Capt. James Law- rence and Lieut. Augustus C. Ludlow, who lost their lives in the engagement between the frigates Shannon and Chesa- peake off this coast on the first of June, 1813. "The use of the North Meeting House was requested," says the note of Mr. Crowninshield, "because it has many advantages over every other in town, particularly on account of its size and the fine organ which it contains." The committee of the proprietors made answer that they "had no authority to open the house for any other purpose than for public wor- ship." And it was true that a vote stood on the proprietors' book "that the house should be opened only for public worship." But it had been before, and was afterwards, opened on many public days, and if the proprietors had been as generally democratic in politics as they were feder- alists, there is little reason to doubt that the committee could have found sufficient authority for granting its use on this occasion. In the period of its later history, a period of unex- ampled latitude of inquiry, I believe that the living minis- ters who have served in this place will bear their united testimony that, diverse as have been their own interi3reta- tions of truth and duty, and their administration of the Teacher's office, and with whatever of individual objection their instruction upon any theme may have been received, that objection has seldom taken the form of an expressed MEMORIAL SERMON. 59 wish, or consent, even, that the nihii.stor shoukl be guided by any conclusion but his oAvn ; and the general voice has been clearly, unmistakably, constantly encouraging to entire loyalty to every innermost and fixed conviction. Conservative, if this church has been, after a sort, it has always had its pioneers searching forward Avith earnest ques- tionings into the new fields of religious truth. Samuel Curwen was a Unitarian in 1775-6, when the society gener- ally were not. Ichabod Tucker and Frederic Howes were free critics, in 1815, of the phraseology of the covenant of 1773, and of many points in the. prevalent theology of the day, long before these had been generally abandoned. And I need not tell you what a kindly shelter this church has given to all serious and reverent questioning, however free, in these later years. It is my joy, my pride — I hope not an unpardonable pride — that I can bear this testimony ; that this society seems to have had and to have that steadiness and patient self-possession, which comes from freedom only ; from courage to prove all things ; wliich has come, I may say, from an experience more than commonly wide and instruc- tive ; from having a faith that has been made to know the strength of its own rooting ; and has found it too deep and fast to be torn away by the conflicts of opinion ; a faith which sinks past and below all human opinions, including its own ; sinks into the spirit of God and so beds itself in the life eternal, that it has no fear that it can ever be moved . He was a true prophet, I like to think, who wrote of you once : "Animated by a spirit of conservatism which does not dread reform, and by a liberality which is also cautious 60 MEMORIAL SEEMON. and wise, you will help to guide the progress in whose advantages you will share."* We say sometimes that the future is not within our con- trol. Spoken of the future event, in its detail of form and time and order, this is true. But of each future seen as revealing the persistency' of forces that are never idle ; seen as a stream flowing unbroken from the fountain of past causes lying deep in the recesses of the human will and the human motive, each future thus stamped with a distinct char- acter of its own, and having a manifest unity with its own past ; seen as such, nothing is plainer than that each future, say our future, is largely within the directing will of the souls standing on their own ground and on their own feet to-day ; for that Providence which we recognize in history makes use at every stage of the free human will, and works through it, on towards its own unchanging ends. We can see that the beginning of these hundred years was charged largely with the very religious thought and life that constitute the life-blood of the best being and activity of this hour. We hope there is growth and believe there is ; but it is the same tree. As surely is it in our power to pass down to the children of that generation which shall occupy our places a hundred years forward such a positive, strong, Adtal current of relig- ious energy, prophetic fire and courage, moral sturdiuess and irrepressible seekings for the face of God and the well- being of mankind, as shall then be traceable back to this day. We study history, in part to learn how to make it, and in *Rev. James Freeman Clarke, in a letter declining an invitation to the pastorship of the society. MEMORIAL SERMON. 61 part to learn how to be made use of by it ; how to discover its lines of movement, that avc may fall in with them and be ^vrought humbly into its sublime and endless building. "The new is old. the old is new, — The eternal step of progress beats To that great anthem, calm and slow, Which God repeats 1 Take heart I— the Waster builds again,— A charmed life old goodness hath : The tares may perish, — but the gi'aia Is not for death." EXERCISES Normal Hall, INCLUDING ADDRESSES ANP CORRESPONDENCE. (63) EXERCISES AT XOiniAL HALL. After the exercises at the clinrch, the members of the North society with their im'ited guests assembled at Normal Hall on Broad street, for a collation and social entertainment, the hall being opened to them for the occasion by the courtesy of Pro- fessor D. B. Ilagar, Principal of the State Normal School, and with the consent-of the Committee of the State Board of Educa- tion having charge of the building. The tables were laid with elegance and abundance by Mr. E. P. Cassell, and were decorated with flowers in great profusion and variety. Shortly after two o'clock the President, the Hon. Geouge B. LoRiNG, called the company to order, and asked their attention while the Rev. J. T. Hewes, of the First Church, invoked the divine blessing, as follows : — Our Heavenly Father, we thank Thee for all Thj'- gifts. We thank Thee that we are permitted to gather here upon this memo- rable occasion and unite our hearts, our s^-mpathies and our memories in one common feast of thought. AYe pray Thee, bless this occasion unto us all, bless all connected with our churches, and all the families who are represented here to-day. Bless also the memories of those who have gone from our sight, but whose meraor}' and character we cherish in our hearts at this time, and may we feel it is good for us to have come here, and may its influence go with us throughout our lives. We ask all this as disciples of Jesus Christ, Thy Son. Amen. After an hour spent in festivity, the President, Dr. Lorino commenced the intellectual exercises of the occasion with the following address : — (65) 66 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. ADDRESS OF THE HON. GEO. B. LORING. - I assume the duties which have been assigned me on this occa- sion, my friends, with mingled emotions, with a crowd of various memories and with renewed respect for all the associations, old and new, by which, in my mind, the North Church in Salem is surrounded. Although my connection with this society is of com- paratively short duration, I cannot remember the time, when its name did not convey to me the thought of a warm religious faith, great integrity and ardent devotion to the best purposes of life. Born among the theological incidents of Essex County, in one of its most theological towns, and in the midst of some of its warmest theological endeavors, taught at my father's fireside to know the sacrifices of the New England clergy, and called upon to listen to the traditions of Liberal Christianity here, I can never forget the imposing attitude in which this church stood before my youthful mind, with its scholarly pastor and his cultivated flock. To my ancestors, of all the generations that I ever knew, the name of the North Church was sacred. And I now hold and prize, as a pre- cious family inheritance, the well-read Bible and devotional volumes, which consoled and comforted the founders of tliis- church and their fathers before them. This occasion, therefore, is to myself full of interest. But to you also who sit here, indeed to all the thoughtful and devoted Christians of this christian community, this event is interesting and suggestive. A century of the deepest thought, the boldest speculation, the most vigorous action, the most rapid change, the most thorough and permanent progress, we trust, con- stitutes the lifetime of this church. In the great efforts and events of that period of time just now closing, the worshippers here have, in various ways, performed an important part. The severity of the first collision between the patriots of the Revolution and their EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 67 oppressors was modified by the soothing and conservative words of your first pastor ; it was a child baptized at this altar, who, in manhood, sustained the honor of Massachusetts in her early polit- ical struggles ; it was the bold and stalwart and sagacious pillars of this church, who established the early commercial renown aud prosperity of this city ; and to the statesmanship and jurisprudence of our land, have its pious sons made liberal and valuable contri- butions. Not always revolutionary perhaps, it has alwa3's been faithful and prudent and wise. Open-minded at least, when not restless nor audacious, it presents an admirable illustration of the power of a charitable religious faith to remove all obstacles to man's advancement, from the repose of conservatism to the vigor- ous and somewhat uneasy ways of even healthy reform. And while it has held that intimate relation to the highest mental aud material effort of its century of life to which I have referred, it enjo3^s the remarkable distinction of having furnished, in its infancy, Armenianism aud pacification to the councils of the first war for American freedom and, in the strength of its manhood, Unitarianism aud a chaplain to the service of the last ; illustrating, in this way if in no other, its capacity for progress, and its growth in vigorous thought and valuable endeavor. That it has discharged its duty well, therefore, who can doubt? That it has performed its part in the great work of liberalizing the christian faith, and warming the christian heart, and enlarging the christian mind, and making wide the entrance to the christian church, as it has passed on from the formalities and fears of its first pastor to the mild courage, and solicitous liberality and abiding faith and practical philanthrop}', which characterize him who now fills the place once occupied by Barnard and Abbot and Brazer and Froth- ingham and Lowe, in its progress "from strength to strength," let us all believe, and remember with pride and inspiration. Prepared for each advancing occasion, by that liberal christian faith, which recognizes the mercy as well as the justice of the 68 EXERCISES AT XOEMAL HALL. Almighty Father, and true to that broad charity which, founded on divine love, looks with a forgiving eje on human infirmity, what a parochial paradise the North Church has been, from the begin- ning of its century until now ! From its sacred walls no pastor has 3'et been driven. Fortunate, I know, in its selections, it has, I am sure, exercised all the kindness and consideration which a pastor could desire and, as a natural and consequent reward, its people haAe received the best its pastors could bestow. While I cannot for one moment believe that this record will either em- bolden the pastors or embarrass the people who come after us, I trust it will serve to teach a lesson of mutual responsibility, and of that gentleness towards each other's faults, and regard for each other's virtues, which can alone make a really high-toned christian societ}-, and secure and develop a really useful parish minister. And now, my friends, what a dear and sacred procession passes before us ! Oh ! that we could recall for one moment that sainted assembly, to whose entrance to the heaven of peace and rest, this church was the shining portal ! As we gather around their altar and our own, what a pure and radiant compan}- surrounds us, the old and the j'oung, the strong and the gentle, dearer than ever now that they are free from the tarnish of earth, and now that they beckon us on to their blissful abode. Time and the centuries may make more illustrious records, but none so tender, none so exalt- ing as the chapter of joys and sorrows, of conflicts and victories, written by a christian church in the life and labor of a hundred years. There ma}- be more stirring annals, but there are none more purifying and ennobling than those which tell of a pastor's devotion and a people's love ; of the heroism of the suffering and bereaved ; of the power of great faith and trust in God ; of the sweet associations which surround the altar ; of that sublime aspiration which, rising above the conflicts of opinion, builds a broad and universal church on earth and rejoices that there is but EXERCISES AT XOKMAL HALL. 69 one congregation in heaven ; of that spiritual and triunipliant church, whose corner-stone is the " charity " which " never faileth." To the future of the North Church wc submit this as tlie lesson of tlic i^ist, while we pray for the prosperity of that Zion of charity and love, which shall be " the joy of the whole earth." And now, my friends, I know of no occasion in which a people like ourselves are not happy to greet tlie muse. "We have a church poet among us, and I call upon the Rev. Ciiakles T. Brooks, who will now read to you a poem. Mr. Brooks then read the following RHYMED REMINISCENCES. Is there a place, in these impetuous times, For sentimental, retrospective rhymes? Will the express train of this rushing age Accommodate a floral pilgrimage ? Can Poetry or Piety beguile The iron car of Fate to stay awhile, And let its favored prisoners pause an hour To rock in Fancy's barge, or rest in Memory's bower? There are, who say. In this new morning's blaze. Why rake amidst the dust of buried days ? Not in that heap shall truth, the diamond, lie. The future shows it sparkling in the sky ! On ! is the word ; — your antiquarian lore Is idle, childish pastime — nothing more ! Heed not the tale, O friends ! a larger thought To musing souls by earth and sky is taught. The modern traveller in his dizzying car Sees calmly that alone which lies afar : To scan the nearer things he vainly tries — They speed too fast for his bewildered eyes. Relieved, his vision rests where, far and fair. The landscape stretches in serener air. How oft my heart leaped up with mute delight. 70 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. When, as a boy, I journeyed home at night, To see, while trees and liglits behind us fled. The moon and stars ride with us overliead. So with the things of time — lil^e dreams they glide - The eternal things are ever at our side. The ijresent moments sparkle, fade and flee — The past is part of God's eternity. Once, in a tropic clime, I sailed away From a steep coast across a tranquil bay. When lo ! behind the fast receding shore, . Up I'ose the inland hills, and more and more Lifted their greeting summits, green and clear, And made the friendly land seem following near So, as we voyage o'er the sea of time, The past looms up, mysterious and sublime, Lifts its fair peaks into the ti-anquil sky. And with its greeting, follows as we fly. When summer-nightfall veils the landscape o'er, From upland meadow to the murmuring shore. How sweet, to men who sail the darkling seas. Low voices borne from laud ou evening's breeze I So from afar, o'er Memory's mystic deep. Like sounds from home, melodious whispers creep, Of souls that wait on some far inland shore - To welcome back long absent friends once more. Oft on the sea of life these tones we hear. That make that distant shore seem strangely near. A spirit's breath is in the quivering breeze That sweeps the invisible wind-harp of the seas ; A spirit's voice breathes out a plaintive strain. With sweetest cadence in each sad refrain ; A song of songs, where all the heart has known Of grief or gladness blends iu every tone. " Dame Memory," (so majestic Milton sings, In speech that like a silver trumpet rings)— «• Dame Memory and her siren daughters" — nay- EXERCISES AT NOR5IAL HALL. 71 No flattering;, false, deceptive sirens they! Though oft across life's waves their mournful smile The pilgrim's fond, reverted glance beguile, Though, by the magic of their soothing strain, Springs tender pleasure from remembered pain. Though, over days that faded long ago, Their tender music flings a moonlight glow, That moou with no delusive glory gleams : Forth from a hidden sun that lustre streams, And every joy that has been, prophesies Of bliss that shall be iu unfading skies. O pale and pensive Memory ! thou, uo less Than Hope, thy sister, art a prophetess ! Men picture thee alone amidst thy dead, In fruitless wailing o'er the days long fled, With tearful eyes that passionately yearn To wake a life that slumbers iu the urn ; While bright-eyed Hope with sun-tipped pinion flies To hail the life new-streaming from the skies. Youiiff Hope— Old 3I<'mory : so the poets feign ; But is it so? Are not these daughters twain Of God, like those two sons of light, twin-born — The Star of evening and the Star of morn? And what though Plesper in the sunset skies Looks a mute solace for the day that dies, Doth not that gracious herald point the way To ever-dawning, never-dying day ? Aye, Memory hopes — she hopes and prophesies ; Of life eternal she too testifies ; She is the evening star whose tender light Heralds the day of God, that knows no night ; The farewell smile of day in western skies Greets the far East, where soon the sun shall rise. Hope — Memory — blessed pair ! how sweetly gleams O'er life the lustre of their mingling beams ! There comes, e'en here on earth, full many an hour. When, by the stress of thought's transfiguring power, 72 EXERCISES AT NORIVIAL HALL. Some joy or sorrow, with absorbing sway, Swells to au age the limits of a day : And lo ! the suu stauds still o'er Gibeon, While softly, from the veil of Ajalon, The lingering moou looks forth — and moon and sun Like rose and lily, weave their lights in one ; Moonrise and sunset — Hope and Memory — blend To make the Heavenly day that knows no end. The past is not all jjflssed, not wholly dead ! Our life still echoes to its voice and tread. The soul awakes — and lo ! like phantoms glide The living shapes that bustle at our side ; The while our dead dwell on an inner mount, Made green forever by the living fount. Where this imposing world's tumultuous roar Dies in faint murmurs on an inland shore. What is your boasted Present Hour, and where? Ye seek to clutch it, and it is not there ! The Past, the Future — these, in friendly strife, Make the perpetual present of our life. On that vast sea, the rushing flood of Time, Where ages, years and moments sink and climb, 'Twixt the last ridge and the next moment's brow Comes the brief instant dreamy souls call now, And deem a foothold firm to stand upon ; Yet, ere the mind can grasp it, it is gone ! The only true and real now abides On the soul's rock above the rushing tides : That Mount of Vision, whei-e from Memory's mien The veil falls off, and Hope's own eyes are seen. The Past is nothing, sayst thou ? Rather say. The Past is everything ; naught else shall stay. For hear this truth, O soul, by reason taught. And heed this truth, O man, with wisdom fraught : The Past, one day, all Time shall gather in ; What has been, is ; what will be, will have been. EXERCISES AT NOKMAL HALL. 73 O frioiuls, who gutlicr here this festal day, On Memoiy's altar pious gifts to lay, Say, do your hearts confess, the Past is dead ? That aught once precious to the soul has fled ? Oh no ! the good old times, the good old men, If once they seemed to perish, live again. The men of reverent soul and thoughtful mind, They have not passed away and left behind Their name and memory only here below ; Their presence fills our hearts with kindling glow. The white haired sires who rose on childhood's eyes. Like hoary mountain peaks in purer skies, That seemed in august majest}- to stand And catch the vision of the promised land — Those old Avhite heads — like lamps of lambent light,* Pillars of fire to guide through this world's night, The eyes of love that on our childhood smiled, The lips of wisdom, faithful, firm and mild, The careful hands that led our wayward feet, Morning and evening greetings, soft and sweet, These are not lost, these have not vanished ; no ! They were no cunning juggler's mimic show! Parents, preceptors, pastors, were a line Of Prophets pointing to the Love Divine : A group of shining ones — no shadowy band, Still beckoning onward to the sunny laud, Where still they walk, arrayed in robes of white. And bid us with them walk the fields of light. To-day how real and how fresh appears The faded history of a hundred years ! A hundred j'cars ! — though few the living men, Whose memory runs through threescore years and ten, Yet we, who haply in our boyhood saw The old centennial men, with wondering aAve, * 1 think this comparison is a reminiscence from one of Theodore Parker's printed prayers.— C. T. B. (5) 74 EXEECISES AT NORMAL HALL. Saw in their eyes, and seem e'eu now to see, The lifetime of a former century. We see thy new-cut frame, " Old North," arise ; "We liear thy new-liuug bell salute the skies, We see the manly Barnard's placid form Amid the Revolution's gathering storm. Hark to the roll of Sabbath breaking drums ! Up Lynde street now the bristling column comes I see the startled congregation pour. Curious and anxious, from each swarming door. Men, women, children, parson in his gown, All to the river-side are hurrying down, And there is seen a sight I wonder much Has tempted no historic painter's touch. This way and that the fiery colonel flies, With flashing sword and fury flashing eyes ; Our placid, kindly pastor stands the while, Aplomb, with quiet words and quiet smile, Helping right well the logic of events Across the river with his calm good sense. For lo ! that side the stream is played the game McFingal's muse has handed down to fame. For neither blood-red coats nor bloody threats, Nor brandished swords, nor gleaming bayonets On foemen's guns can strike with proper awe Those daring boys astride the bridge's draw, Who, mindful of the ancient saw, fee/ore The horse was stolen, shut the stable door. And when the iron prey he sought is gone, Will let the seizer cross his Rubicon. Old North ! thy tender years were then but three ; War rocked the cradle of thy infancy. Who is there living now that saw that day, Heard that first muttering of the coming fray ? That congregation God has gathered in. Where shall be heard no more earth's battle din. Gone is the house of God that felt the jar. EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 75 Tliat Sabbath noon, of War's approaching? car. Gone? nay, its place shall know it never more. Haply one day shall men in vain explore To find the place itself whei'c once it stood, — Still more, a vestige of its ancient wood ; Yet throuiih all transinltrration safe to-day Its form abides and shall abide for aye. Where — in what realm — do still these eyes behold, As once, with childish gaze, in years of old. They looked upon that holy, homely place. The old square pews and each familiar face ? Say, in wliat world that reverend pile still stands, Alike defying time and human hands ? Unchanged by sudden whim or slow decay, Lives that old house in memory's light to-day. Oh for some Goldsmith now, in vivid hues To paint the scenes that mock ray feeble muse ! Once more, old sounding-board ! reverberate And ring and I'oar while thee I celebrate ! Stupendous wonder lifted up on high ! Ponderous paradox to childhood's eye ! Enormous bulk suspended in mid-air, A sword of Damocles, by a wooden hair! Each urchin watched with mingling hope and dread To see it fall plump on the parson's head ! And that dark hole beneath the pulpit stairs. That still almost, at times, my memory scares ! What if the " tidy-man,"* bad boy ! should hale Thy trembling body to that gloomy jail ! — But soft ! half lost through memorj^'s gallery-door, My thoughts one flying phantom half restore : 'Tis thou, old Father Boyce ! risen from the dead. The well-known old bandanna round thy head. And the knob-headed pole — the magic wand — The dreaded ensign of thy stern command : •Corruption of tithing-man, the same person having, probably, once been sexton and tax-collector. 76 EXERCISES AT NOEMAX, HALL. Full many an urchin of the gallerj' crew Feared that long sceptre — aye, and felt it too. Like rifle's crack I've heard the blow come down With a sharp ring upon some culprit's crown. — The vision fades — old Boyce slips through the door- Another, brisker step is on the floor; But, quick-eyed, nimble-tougued and slight of limb, Old William Gavett was a boy to him. Little old man, thy image leads a train Of funny recollections through the brain. It marks the time, when doubts began to grow. If bodily shivers fanned the spirit's glow, I see thee stand beside thy oven-door With hospitable hands to feed once more The foot-stove borne along the icy street With its red comfort for maternal feet ; Where filial feet that could not touch the floor, Dangled and kicked till the long hour was o'er, The last prayer closed and seats slammed down again With what queer Hood might call a VAjoden Amen.* — Again across the field my magic glass I slide, to let another figure pass. What grave, gaunt form now stalks before my eye — O prince of organ-blowers, Philip Frye I That suit of black, that sober Sunday face, - Threw o'er thee such a sanctimonious grace. That strangers sometimes have been known to err. And take the blower for the minister. — But what a change when Monday morning came ! Can this — I often wondered— be the same. The very self-same Philip, that I meet Mincing and simpering down through Essex street? The long-tailed Sunday coat of black displaced By a blue jacket of the shortest waist ; The Sunday visage too is laid aside. ♦Hood, in his " Music for the Million," describes an angry man as slamming a door to with a wooden Damn. EXERCISES AT NOllMAL HALL. 77 The air of holy reticence and pride : The Sabbath spell is off — with cominon imii Lo Philip is a man* — 5'ea boy, again. But soon as Sunday morn again comes round, The reverend Philip at his post is found, Where in the pauses of his holy toil. As if anointed with invisible oil, He looks from out his cell complacent round, Rapt with the memory of the solemn sound, With large, contented eyes that seem to say, — " Have we not done the music well to-day?" But tender memories rise meanwhile and cast Their sacred shadows o'er the deathless past. The home whore first we tasted heavenly love, The church that brought to view a world above. To these the heart comes back, where'er we roam, " True to the kindred points of heaven and home !" How sweet a memory his, on whom, as child. The gentle face of sainted Abbot smiled, Who feels to-day, though fifty years have fled, That hand of benediction on his head ! Ah, all too soon fur us that gracious light The veil of death removed from mortal sight — Removed — not quenched ; — from heaven, with purer beams, Along our path through memory's air it gleams. And many a one, whose young eyes scarcely saw The look of that sweet face, for very awe. Feels that remembered ^rescHC^, mild and calm. Breathe o'er his soul a summer morning balm. Then came to us that gifted on(',t whose mind, Graced with ripe culture and with taste refined. In fervid feeling's glow devoutly wrought The lucid links of energetic thought. •The claBBic allusion here will of course be understood, t Dr. Brazer. 78 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. "Well could lie point with wit the shaft of truth, Stir the ambition of ingenuous youth, Rebuke the worldling's vain and shallow sneers, And show Heaven's rainbow-light on sorrow's tears. One picture waits for this poor pencil yet — Who that beheld the sight can e'er forget ? — When, punctual as the Sunday morn appears. That form iinbowed beneath its hundred years,* And at the pastor's side devoutly stands. As if to hear with him the Lord's commands. So a calm mountain rises white with snow, While at its feet streams gush and roses glow ; The evening beams that play around its head. On other worlds a morning-sunlight shed. Serene old man ! when sank thy honored head, A hundred years were numbered with the dead ; As melts a snow-white foam-flake in the sea, A century melted in Eternity. Nay, from the sacred place where once with awe In the prayer-hour thy aged form we saw Stand with bowed head and reverential air, A century still looks down upon us there, f And with a voice of old experience cries : Fear God, love man, be temperate, just and wise ! With thee my song shall close : — patient friends, 'Tis well that here my broken music ends. So its last moan the shattered sea-wave makes. When on the monumental rock it breaks. Haply may these poor words, my stammering tongue Upon its native air hath freely flung. To the rude clang of memory's wayward lyre. In some true heart awake a smouldering flre. *Dr. Holyoke, who in his last days used to stand, often even through the sermon, with his ear close to the preaclier. t" Forty centuries are looking down upon us." — Napoleon at the Pyramids. EXERCISES AT NORMAL ILVLL 79 And reeiikiudlo there the faith snblimo, That hears through all earth's din the Eternal City's chime. Peace to my lingering song ! and peace to thee, City of Peace! of Pilgrim memory, Sweet home and sacred shrine, old Salem town ! Add new bright centuries to thy old renown ! Well may he be forgiven, a child of thine, "Whose hand presumptuous would to-day entwine Amid thy chaplet green one fresh-plucked flower, That may not long outlive the passing hour. No words could ever give fit thanks to thee, For all that thou hast given and been to me ! A child's warm blessing on thy fields and skies, Thy rocky pastures dear to childhood's eyes, Thy fresh l)lue waters and fair islands green. Of many a youthful sport the favorite scene, North Fields and South Fields — Castle Hill — Dark Lane, ; And Paradise, where memory leads the train Of her transfigured dead, whose relics lie At rest where living waters murmur by.* A blessing on the memory of the line Of statesmen, saints and sages, sons of thine ! A blessing, last of all, on thee, old North ! From thee may Peace and Love and Light stream forth ! May Learning and Religion, Grace and Truth, Shed here the glory of perennial youth ! May Faith and Freedom here join hand in luind To lead thy children to the promised land ! Dear city of our fathers ! may their God Still guide and comfort with the stafi" and rod. And in the cloud and fire lead onward still Our faltering footsteps up the heavenly hill ! The President then called upon the Rev. S. C. Beane, of the East Church, to read the first h3'mn in the programme. That * In the beautiful cemetei-y of Harmonj- Grove, waslieil by the North River. 80 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. hymn, continued the President, was written by that most esti- mable of clergymen of whom Mr. Emerson once said that he was a man of genius, James Flint, D. D. I am fortunate in calling upon Dr. Flint's successor to read it. The audience then united in singing the following hymn to the tune " Federal Street" : — / In pleasant lands have fallen the lines That bound our goodly heritage : And safe beneath our sheltering vines Our youth is blest, and soothed our age. What thanks, God, to Thee are due, That Thou didst plant our fathers here ; And watch and guard them as they grew, A vineyard to the planter dear. Thy kindness to our fathers, shown In weal and woe through all the past, Their grateful sons, O God, shall own, While here their name and race shall last. THE PRESIDENT. My friends, I think Salem is getting on famously. The tune that has just been sung was also written in Salem, by a Salem man. Beginning, therefore, with the poem by Mr. Brooks, the hymn by Dr. Flint, and the music by Gen. Oliver, I don't think Salem ought to be ashamed of herself. You have heard allusions made to Mr. Abbot. We have here a contemporary of his, who preached in his pulpit between the time of his call and his ordi- nation, one of the most stanch and faithful ministers of the Uni- tarian Church — the Rev. Joseph Allen, D. D., of Northborough. EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 81 ADDRESS OF DE. ALLEN. I have many pleasant memories connected Avith the good old town of Salem, and especially with the North Church, and one of its ministers. It is now almost threescore years, fifty seven years, I think, for I believe it was in 1815 — that I was invited by my friend, John Emery Abbot, to supply his pulpit after he had received the call to this church, and before his ordination. It was in March and the following April that I sojourned among this people, at the house of Ichabod Tucker, well known in that day, whose hospitality I enjoyed and whose memory is dear to me, as is that of his accomplished lady and the other inmates of his family. I well knew John E. Abbot. He was my contemporary, somewhat 3^ounger than myself; but we pursued our theological studies at the same time and partially in the same place, he residing in Boston and pursuing his studies under the direction of Dr. Channing, but coming over to Cambridge frequently, and enjoying with us the wise saj'iugs and instructions of the ven- erable Dr. Ware and President Kirkland. It was not long after his ordination that I was called to the town of Korthborough, to be the minister of the town, not of the church. I invited ray friend, John E. Abbot, to come and give me the Eight Hand of Fellow- ship, which he accordingly did, and it is published with the other services of that occasion. Soon after his ordination his health became infirm, and at last he was obliged to relinquish his labors, •which he loved so truly and Avhich he performed so faithfully and so acceptably, and was laid upon a sick bed. I visited him in his sickness and conversed with him, when he supposed, and we all did, that there was but a step between him and the grave. I preached for him one Sabbath while he lay sick, at his request. I visited him after the services, and had a very beautiful conver- sation with him. I remember especially the discourse, which was not then printed, but which was given to me in manuscript, on the 82 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. recognition of friends in the future life, and I thought then, and have thought since, that he was one of those I should hope to meet in that better life, to renew the acquaintance and friendship, which was so soon broken by his early death. After his decease I formed the acquaintance of his successor, Dr. Brazer, and exchanged with him several times, during his ministry. I well remember, too, the old minister of the First Church, Dr. Prince ; with him also I exchanged pulpits. I do not remember his con- temporary. Dr. Barnard, though I presume I often saw him at Cambridge, where ministers formerly congregated on Commence- ment Days. I remember on one occasion, when I went into the pulpit, I saw before me an aged man, who had come into the place that he might the better listen to my discourse, the venerable Dr. Holyoke. I came here again when he had reached the age of a hundred years, hoping to see what I never had seen, a man who had completed his century ; but I learned then that he was on a sick bed. He died a few days after, and one of my sons, who was born about the time of his decease, was named for him. You will see, therefore, that I have been acquainted with Salem for more than half a century. At one time I had in my family six of the seven sons of Stephen C. Phillips, who were members of my household, and pupils under my care. I want to say in closing that I am happy to be here, that I received the invitation to be present with a great deal of pleasure, and that although I was not here at the commencement of the exercises, yet I felt a deep interest in the discourse of Mr. Willson, whom I have known for many years. It has been to me a feast of good things, and I shall always bear in remembrance this pleasant occasion. THE PEESIDENT. I know I speak the voice of you all, when I say to Dr. Allen that the obligation is entirely on our side. "VVe Avho live in Salem, and who entertain the faith of the fathers here, as we believe it, EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 83 have confidcnco in the law as well as In the gospel. We have the pleasure of having present with us on this occasion the presi- dent of the National Unitarian Conference, Hon. E. R. Hoar, of Concord, who, while he has assured me, that he desired to pronounce a benediction, may assure himself that we only ask his benediction, for whom he addresses must profit. ADDRESS OF JUDGE HOAE. Mr. Chairman and My Friends : I have nothing to say to you except to join in the benediction to which your chairman has alluded. I am sorrj^ to say I have not yet reached the christian maturity and venerable age when it can be said of me, as perhaps might have been said of our friend who last addressed you, Dr. Allen, " his presence itself is a benediction." I have nothing to say except to ofler my warm sympathy with the object of your meeting to-day, and to express to you the delight with which I have attended the services and listened to the discourse of Mr. Willson, which was charming to my ears throughout, though it rivalled the most able of his predecessor's attempts in its length, and perhaps would have shocked some of them by its wanting a text.* Why, my friends, w^e have of late been getting so national in our views in this countrj^, we have had so much cause for it in one way or another that when I walked into that quiet and dark- ened church this morning and heard that story of New England life of a hundred j^ears ago, I seemed to be breathing a new atmos- phere. The full fragrance and flavor of New England life seemed to come back to me. These church relations of our people, — the Established Church of Massachusetts — though as popular and absolutely democratic as any of our civil institutions, have given more to the character of New England than an3'thing else we have had. I look some- *In the delivery, the text ami iutroiluctorj' vetnarks were omitted. 84 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. times with respect, sometimes with admiration, upon modern improvements. I am a friend of Sunday Schools, and I have no doubt but that they do good ; but there is no Sunday School instruction that ever produces the effect upon the heart and mind of the child, that ever trains up such men and women, that ever gives such character and strength to the community, as does that attending church from early childhood, Sunday after Sundaj^, with father and mother, in those old square pews, better perhaps than the modern ones, under the eye of father and mother, and there acquiring the habit and feeling of reverence before the under- standing can catch the import of the long sermon ; and the influence of these associations has been carried westward, and thus New England character and influence have been diffused across this continent. Your church has attained undoubtedly a very respectable age, and one that it is becoming and well to celebrate, but I almost feel, as some thoughts come across my mind, as if I was a contem- porary with it. The minister under whom I grew up to manhood and who was my minister until after my marriage and I had got some way along in life, was settled over our parish only sis years after jom parish was founded ; and the only physician I ever had occasion to employ until I had got nearly old enough or wise enough to do without them altogether was a classmate of, and of about the same age as my minister. The parish of which I am an humble representative, is two hundred and thirty-seven years old ; we look upon you, therefore, nearly as a man in advanced age looks upon a hearty youth, just celebrating the attainment of his majority. You have got through the season of trial and of experiment, and may now be fairly expected to go forward and make your mark in society, and be admitted to the full respon- sibilities of adult years. In this conspicuous position, in this good city of Salem, which has been always so famous for the quality of its people, I have no doubt that your light will shine EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. "85 like a, city that is set on a hill, and that you will be as prosperous in the future as you have l)een in the past. I was gratified to hear of the condition of the society in one respect, and symija- thized very strongl}^ witli you wlien I lieard from your presiding ofTicer that you had never got rid of a minister. I believe, too, that the strength and prosperity of a christian society is very much promoted by regarding the relation between minister and people as similar to that between husband and wife, as one not to be changed ; and I am happy to tell you, to encourage 3'ou in the good work on which \'ou have entered, that the society to whicli I belong (during the two hundred and thirty-seven years of its history), never j^et parted with a minister except to the service of his Master on liigh. But, my friends, this is a famil}- gathering, and, except for the briefest expression of sjmipathy and gratifica- tion, certainly no one outside your own circle has any right to take up your time. THE PRESIDENT. New England has sent man}- influences West, many men of many minds, and many industries, but slie has sent nothing, I think, of more value to the West than the Unitarian thought of New England. At any rate we know of nothing more valuable. We have here the pioneer of that service, one wlio, in the earl}'- days of Unitarianism, took up his abode in the western wilds, and has been a faithful servant there ever since. I am happy to introduce to you the Rev. William G. Eliot, D. D., of 8t. Louis. ADDEESS OF DR. ELIOT. You will pardon me, dear friends, if my response is very brief, for to tell j'ou the truth, among these venerable antiquities I feel that I have no place, no standing at all. It is true that I am old enough for any inupose, and that I can remember more than half the term of years which the North Church has lived ; but 86 EXEECISES AT NORMAL HALL. in the ecclesiastical relation, as well as in the social, I have lived all my life, I may say, in the midst of youth. I have always been with a growing community, and the church with which I am con- nected — it grieves me to say that 1 am not called its pastor now, — has had thus far but one pastorate, and the thirty-seven years of my ministry is the church's life-time ; so that, far from having attained anything like a respectable old age, we are in early infancy yet. Whenever I come here to these old communities I feel lost, almost oppressed, by the steadiness, the staidishness, so to speak, of everything around me. Why, almost thirty-eight years ago, when I went to St. Louis, it was not half so big as Salem was then ; now it has 350,000 inhabitants. It is all youth, it is all efferves- cence, it is all change, though there is a good deal of strength and manliness coming into it every day. But when I ask myself where does it come from, I feel compelled with pride to look back to these old centres of thought, to these old centres of education, these grand old centres of patriotism, and to say, it is from these that we get our life blood, it is this which is making us strong. And when you hear of the wonderful strength of that western country, never forget that it is for you still to be sending an inspi- ration there, so that our mind shall keep pace with our body, so that our growth shall not be only of this world, but that it shall belong more and more to the world of ideas, to the world of pro- gressive thought ; so that, in short, we shall reconstruct in the West a better New England than New England itself has ever known. Thirty-seven years ago I came to Salem, and have only been here once since, and that was twenty-five years ago, and only for two or three hours. I came, as some of you remember, to ask help to build a church in St. Louis, which you generously granted ; and now, returning here after this long interval, I am glad of an opportunity of thanking you for the help you gave us in our time of need. With this expression of gratitude for the favor of so long ago, added to my thanks for a day of great enjoy- ment, I heartily wish you, God speed ! EXERCISES AT NORMAL, IIALL. 87 THE PRESIDENT. I have no doubt when Judge Hoar alhidod to the antiquity of the society at Concord and the age of his pastor, Dr. Ripley, he thought he had got Salem in a spot where it would be diilicult for her to get out. Now I wish to inform him that the First Church, the mother of the North Church, is two hundred and forty-three years old, and still lives, beating the church at Concord, I am happy to say, by six 5'ears. We have, moreover, had a centenarian in our church, which T do not believe the church at Concord ever had ; and I am sure that under the modern modes of life, if it never had one, it never will. Let me introduce to j'ou one of the for- mer pastors of the First Church in Salem, in Essex Count}-, the first church in the centre of civilization we believe, the Rev. Thomas T. Stone, D. D. ADDRESS OF DR. STONE. I am much afraid I shall be obliged to content myself with an apolog}', if for no other reason, that I am fearful the few words I would like to say will not be heard by the audience. I will, how- ever, say a word which may possibly reach a few ears. I was thinking, as the possibility of being called upon occurred to me, that I should be obliged to confess that my chief aflection must naturally be for the mother rather than the daughter. I have never ceased to feel a strong attachment to the First Church from the remembrance of its earlier history, from the experience which I had during my ministry there, and the friendships which were then formed, and from all the associations which have grown up with it. And this attachment to the First Church, notwithstand- ing it originated there, has extended through the whole city ; it will remain forever in my memory. At the same time I have some recollections of the North Church. Fifty-three years ago, in the fall of the year 1819, I entered upon my senior 3'ear at 88 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. Bowdoin College, and had a friend who was brother to Mr. Soule, the present principal of Exeter Academy and at that time an assistant. 1 well remember one day when we were walking together, that he read to me a letter he had r^eceived from his brother at Exeter, giving an account of the death of John Emery Abbot. I may say also as a pleasant recollection of him, that some years before I entered- college he had graduated there, and traditions of his pure and beautiful character were handed down to the time my college course commenced ; so that really I have known him longer than most present. I remember particularly the impression left upon my mind in regard to what Mr. Soule reported as the last words he uttered, — words sanctified b}^ the lips of him whose name it is our joy to bear — "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit." There is no other one, of whom I have any special knowledge, who has been in the ministry of that church before the time that I became myself connected with the First Church in this place, Since then, one of my earliest remembrances is of one who lias been referred to here to-day, a friend with whom I have been in sympathy and affection during the whole period of my ministry, and whom I have retained in memor}^ to this hour, Octavius B. Frothingham. Like those who have spoken before, I feel I have nothing to say beyond these imperfect reminiscences, for my boyhood was spent among the hills and valleys of Oxford County, Maine, and it is not for me to say anything at all about my later years. But these very reminiscences must of course assure you, as they must remind myself, of the age to which I have reached, and of how short a time I have to pass here on earth. Not only was I born and educated in a place so remote from you, but I was born and trained in the midst of ecclesiastical associations and sympathies far from these with which I am now surrounded, so that you may consider me as one who has been imported into the ecclesiastical EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 89 circle in wliich I now stand ; and whilst I rejoice in whatever relates to truth, 3-et there is to me nothing so sacred as the grand asser- tion of spiritual freedom, of perfect, unqualified, unlimited liberty of thought ; and I trust you will pardon the words of an old man just closing his course, if he urges upon all who are united in the sympathies and the remembrances which gather around this day, the importance of cleaving with unyielding tenacity, to the very last, to the great idea of freedom ; never suffering it to be in the slightest degree impaired, weakened, diminished, even limited. THE PEESIDENT. The American Unitarian Association has done a great work in this countr}- in the planting of churches in the new and remote sections, and in endeavoring to liberalize the thought of those 3'oung and vigorous communities. One of the most efficient agents of that association, the Rev. Charles H. Brigiiam, is present with us to-day, a scholar and a teacher from whom we shall all be glad to hear. ADDRESS OF THE REV. C. H. BRIGHAM. Well, ladies and gentleman, or brethren and sisters rather, I suppose that would be your best title, considering that this is a religious gathering, I shall have to say, as Judge Hoar has said, that I have nothing to saj^ because this seems to me a time of reminiscences only, where we should tell stories about the old church. Now I would like to tell you some old stories about Mr. Barnard's ordination, but unfortunately for you I was not there, or about the little matter at the North Bridge, but unfortunately again, I was not there to see it. My recollections of Mr. Barnard are mainly in the name of a young man from Salem who was in college and whose name was Thomas Barnard West, who was a very good youth, and who was in a class which had some diffi- culties and troubles. But I suppose his goodness came from the 6 90 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. name he bore. I can recollect Dr. Brazer a good man}^ years ago. He used to exchange with Dr. Lowell, and old Dr. Lowell's people rather liked the change, for though he had a very different voice, and one to which they were not accustomed, yet he always preached good strong sermons, and made the children understand what he was talking about, and got a ver}^ strong hold upon the men and women of the church. That is the only reminiscence of the old ministers that I can give you. I can give you some valuable ones of those who have been connected with the church for twenty-five years past. Here is your pastor, with whom I am very well acquainted, and then when I was in Europe I travelled with Mr. Frothingham and with Mr. Lowe, two others of your ministers, and if there ever was a man who could calm down the quarrelling Arabs and make them behave themselves, that man was Mr. Lowe ; and if there ever was an agreeable companion in Switzerland, it was Mr. Frothingham, who used to let me ride up hill while he walked, and let me walk down while he rode, which suited me very much. I am continually reminded of Salem at the West, for just as far as your Salem is from Cambridge, just so far from the Michigan University there is a Salem. The university excels Harvard in numbers, and about once a weelv I see a man who comes down from Salem to talk to the boys, and tell them about his money. He gives liberally, and about the only thing he really loves to talk about is what the town of Salem did during the war, when the draft was made, and they all subscribed so liberally that there was no draft at all, and he boasts of the money he gave himself. The students there ask me about Salem, and they have an idea that there were witches in Salem at one time. Salem witchcraft is the very first idea they get hold of, and I tell them that if they want to see the witchery, they must come down here and go out on Essex street some Sunday afternoon, when all the young ladies are out, and then they will see the true witchery of the nineteenth EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 91 centuiy. Some of them, too, liaAc an idea that there is a queer old house that everybody ought to go and see with its seven gables, and people saj- it is the old house of Hawthorne, and think of it sometimes as the place where a dreadful murder was once committed, but we will say nothing about that. M}' friends : I have nothing left to say except to thank you and my friend JMr. A\'illson for the privilege of being here. If you come to Michigan, and it is a pleasant day, I will drive j'ou to Salem, where forty or fifty years ago there were plenty of Indians, and where even to-daj' the bears are not all gone, but w'here in hard winter they sometimes unfortunately find themselves in pits and traps set for them by the inhabitants. THE PRESIDENT. The relations between the Unitarians of the old countr}- and the Unitarians of this countr}^ have always been very intimate. She has furnished us with good literature and also with good men ; and I congratulate you and myself that we have a gentleman here to-day who learned his first lessons in Unitarianism in England, who can tell us about the movement there, and who has furnished the literature of our denomination with a rich supply of refined thought and elevated sentiment. I present to j-ou with great pleasure the Rev. Wm. Mouxtfokd. ADDRESS OF THE REV. WILLIAM MOUNTFORD. The Unitarians of England and those of America have a common ancestry, not merely as to blood, but politically and religiously'. We are much more intimately connected than is commonly known. The founders of the first churches in Salem, Plymouth, Boston, Dorchester, Roxbury, were mostly' of the same Puritan connection, and the same temper generally, as were the two thousand clergymen of the Established Church who, in the year 1GG2, forfeited their livings rather than violate their con- 92 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. sciences, and disown the headship of Christ by submitting them- selves to the act of uniformity as to public worship, which had been made law over their heads by an unscrupulous parliament and a poor, faithless, almost perjured king. It is from these men and others of like mind, that the Unitarians of England derive their religious ancestry and, very commonly also, even their lineal descent. After thirty years' of grievous persecution, the people who had been ejected from their churches were allowed to build chapels for themselves ; and it was their peculiarity, as distin- guishing them from all other dissenters, that they deliberately and strenuously repudiated the use of a creed, or any other bond in common than acceptance of the Bible. In so many of the earliest churches of this region, there has been a development of that spirit which was in John Robinson, at Delft-haven, when he said his last words to the future founders of Plymouth ; for he spoke of his persuasion, of God's having still much fresh truth to burst forth from his Holy Word. Many more persons than did would have followed after the early settlers of New England, but they were prevented by one cause and another, and some of them bj^ the Government, and among the latter class, it is said, was Oliver Cromwell. As compared with what their friends in England had to undergo for, many long years, your forefathers had not such a very hard time, while taking pos- session of broad acres and getting their own way as to Church and State. It was from England that Dr. Bentley of this city got much of his sympathy as a Unitarian, and generally it was from English writers that American divines got initiation into Unitarianism — writers, such as Hoptou Haynes, the intimate friend of Sir Isaac Newton, and Duchal the preacher, with whose writings Dr. Chan- ning was well acquainted. Dr. Franklin presented a quantity of books to some little town in New England — Franklin I think — as a public library, and of the books a curiously large proportion EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 93 were theological, ami of those tluit were theological, a striking proportion were by English Unitarians. The father of "William Ilazlitt was the author of two volumes of good sermons ; he was a zealous Unitarian, and a great good man as to Church and State in England, l>v the wa}' of opposition. For two or three years, while his son AVilliam, the celebrated essayist, was a little boy, he lived hereabouts ; was familiar with Kennebunk, and preached occasionally at King's Chapel in Boston. The first christian congregation in America, gathered together as Unitarian, was in Philadelphia, and it was in connection with the preaching there, of Dr. Priestley ; and of the earlier members of that congregation, several of the chief were English Unitarians. The Unitarian congregation at Washington had English people among its first members, and its first clergyman was an Englishman, who had been a Unitarian minister at Birmingham, in England. Dr. Priestlej' was also from Birmingham ; he was, ecclesiastically, a refugee ; as, in a way, was many another Unitarian, who migrated to this country between the A-ears 1790 and 1820. Before Dr. Priestley came to this country he had been driven from Birmingham by a mob, and not without the connivance of the magistracy. His house, library and laboratory had been burned ; the houses also of some of his more immediate friends ; his chapel and two other places of Unitarian worship. After his expulsion from Bir- mingham he went to London, but there he got no peace, and it was in the bosom of Pennsylvania that he found rest at last and died. Since then, however, and recently, by the repentant public at Birmingham, and elsewhere in connection with science, monu- mental testimonials have been erected to his memory. Of the connection between England and the Unitarians of America, I could readil}' adduce many more illustrations ; but from what I have said you can see, that though the Unitarians of England are, by time, but like distant cousins, yet that they and j'ou, by origin, are of the same old household of faith. I will add one thing for its 94 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. singularity. The grandfather of a schoolmate and friend of mine, Mr. Russell, was a fellow-sufferer with Dr. Priestley, and he under- took to accompany him to America ; subsequently, in quieter time, he went back to Birmingham ; but while he was in this country he would seem to have been much more at home, relig- iously, in New Haven than in any other city of New England, Perhaps in no country in the world has there been as much improvement, ecclesiastically, as there has been in England during the last fifty years ; though, to be sure, the commencement was from very low down, and from what was very bad indeed. I remember the time in England, and I was more than ten years old then, when no person could be a member of a municipal government, be a mayor or alderman, be an officer in the army or a justice of the peace, be a member of the Cabinet or an excise- man connected with the Customs, without his producing a certifi- cate, for which he had paid a fee to an Episcopal clergyman, showing that he had taken the sacrament in a church connected with the Establishment. At a later time even than that, it was not possible for Unitarians, nor even for Trinitarian dissenters, to be married, except at the Episcopal church and by an Episcopalian clergyman. Nor was there any legal registry as to the birth of children, except at the Episcopal church. I remember the time when horrible things happened in London, because of the fewness and smallness of the burial grounds which there were for an enormous population, growing every year at a tremendons rate. The bishop of London, in the House of Lords, resisted a Bill for terminating the horrible, shocking use of some of the little church- yards in London, with a view to the emplo3^ment of cemeteries in the suburbs ; and as to this opposition, he was resolute, except on condition that, wherever a person died, a sum should be due to the Episcopal clergyman, equivalent to a burial-fee, and on the paj-- ment of which, the friends or executors should be free to carry the body away and bury it as they pleased.. It is even now less than EXERCISES AT NOK3IAL HALL. 95 thirty j'ears since an assanlt was made, involving the tennre of ahnost every Unitarian church in Enghuid and Ireland. But it was stopped by the Prime IMinister of the time, Sir Robert Peel ; who introduced a bill into Parliament, by which Unitarians were emancipated from the disqualifying effects of an old persecuting law, bv which, formerly, every person, for impugning the doctrine of the trinity, was liable to tine and im[)risoument, and for doing it a third time Avas liable to the confiscation of all his property and to be imprisoned for life. Sir Robert carried his Bill through Parliament triumphantly and amidst the acclamations of the leaders of all parties, and yet also against an opposition, more numerous as petitioners, than was ever made against auy Bill or an}' law. When I was a 3'outh, I was offered an education at Oxford, one of the great national universities. But my way was barred by the Episcopal church — the church Established by Law as the phrase used to be. At that time, a young man might have had a birthright title to a scholarship and been the best candidate of the 3'ear, as regards literary and moral qualifications ; but he could not be matriculated, without signing the Thirty-nine Articles. A man could not even begin the study of theology, at the univer- sity, without having first avowed and signed his belief in those Thirtj'-nine Articles. Of abuses and oppressions, such as I have been referring to, the larger part, though far from all — but the larger part — are now abolished. Now is not that a great advance as to church-matters? "WelJ, it is really, that is to say for England. Those Thirt3'-uine Articles ! AYhat multitudes of hj'pocrites they have made in England ! AVhat souls in vast armies, they have straitened and tortured in conscience ! Oh, that some man of wide personal knowledge, somebody like Dean Stanley, would write on the subject his reminiscences and experiences, before it is too late ! What flippancies he would have to tell of, and what agonies ! It is said that Theodore Hook, being asked at Oxford by the vice-chan- 96 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. cellor whether he was prepared to sign the Thirty-nine Articles, replied " Oh yes ! Forty, if you wish." We are getting now to understand that there is no knowing well what a man is theologically, by simply what he can sign or say. It may very well happen sometimes that the more a man knows, the less there will be by which he would willingly swear to abide. And again, the same truth, in one man's mind, may be no better than a prejudice, while in the mind of another person, it may be like a quickening soul. We are getting to understand that signing and assenting, and that even without meaning any harm, is a very different thing from believing ; and it is what many a man has been a party to, who had no more soul of belief than the pen he wrote with, whether goose-quill or steel. Any man can sign, in a way, the Articles of the Church of England, for instance ; but understanding them, as the framers meant exactly, is not quite so easy ; and believing in those articles by a right discernment of the logic which they involve, and l)y the best helps reasonably accessible from learning human and diA'ine, — to that, probabl}^, in all Eng- land there are not five hundred persons competent, and on the Episcopal bench, not eight, as it would seem. People talk so strangely about faith and believing ! What would be the gain as to science, or the world's progr-ess, if every boy on going to school should be made to subscribe his belief in the elements of geometry as developed by Euclid ! Faith, every earnest soul is competent to — on the most important points, relig- iously ; but faith as to conclusions drawn from metaphysics, faith as to such things in any proper sense of the word, is what few people can profess without making themselves ridic- ulous. Of the merely conjectural, or of the unknowable, however plausibly expressed as to seemingness, what is got by exacting or giving a profession of belief? Oftuscation moral and mental — that is all. It is not what creeds and history a man can swallow that is EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 97 good ; but what he can inwardly digest and have liis soul quickened with. To profess an article of faith is what, apparently, in a light way, most people are able ; but thoroughly to nnderstand it is something not qnite so common ; and inwardly to digest it, so as to live by it — think, hope and pray — that maj^ be something still more rare. Home Tooke would have us thirik, that believing a doctrine is our having such a sense of it intellectuall}' and morally as that it can be be-lived by us. It is the believing temper, or rather it is the temper which grows on a man with believing ; this, that is so rarely looked to, is the ultimate true test as to creeds, professions, pretensions, inquiry and conviction. Not will merely, nor recklessness, nor arrogance, nor loud voice in statement, helps a hearer as to belief, but soul onl}', — the sonl, that is alive with the wisdom of the past, and sensitive as to the future — the soul, as it quickens with the Divine Spirit, and throbs, too, with its fleshly connections. No doubt, the constitution of free churches has its exposures and liabilities, like everything else that is human ; but they are no more than what are capable of being readily treated among people of an}' honor, not to say even of christian grace. But I have been asked, what security has a free church against the inani- ties and vagaries of some conceivable clerg3'man. There is the Bible ! And twenty creeds could not make it more binding, or plainer. And besides, after all, wh}^ should ineptitudes, and igno- rance, and crass ignorance be accounted a greater scandal to Liber- alism than it is to Orthodoxy, or than when it is preached in white sleeves? As to preaching, there are no better guarantees than common sense and good faith, and truthfulness even simpl}' as to the text, "We preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord : and ourselves 3'our servants for Jesus' sake." But now, j-et another word still as to church freedom : and for comfort I prefer to argue it as though on foreign ground. At the present time, in the Church of England, the ablest man theologi- 98 EXEECISES AT NORMAL HALL. cally, next perhaps after Dean Stanley, is Professor Jowett, now known perhaps by some higher title. His work on the " Epistles of Paul " is a fine, scholarly production. As to interpretation, it is old Unitarianism, mostly ; but it has a grace of its own. Cer- tain special passages in his work having been complained of, he was summoned by the vice-chancellor of Oxford to renew his subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles, which he did at once. Two days afterward, in the London newspaper called the "Times," were published, in parallel columns, the passages in his two volumes which had been complained of, and also such extracts from the Thirty-nine Articles as they were supposed to conflict with. And plainly the two columns were in flat contradiction. The complaining Dr. Golightly, with his companion, added some- thing like this: "What is a safeguard worth as to the Church, when a man will publish in two serious volumes, what he will practically repudiate within a fortnight, and j^et still continue to go on publishing and selling?" True enough! Quis custodiet custodes ? The old trouble ! But yet Dr. Jowett might say, " Always are we to be ruled by fools ? Am I, because of my know- ing more than some other people, and being wiser than the old creed-makers of the dark ages, to forego place, honor and advan- tage, and turn dissenter, and get down into the -dirt?" There is something in that ; and let it go for what it is worth. But how about the persons who have stayed outside the universit}'- of Oxford, with all its wealth and high places, because they were unwilling to enter it dishonestly? It is a curious sign of the times that Dr. Jowett should be able to be the Head of a college in Oxford, and be ready to sign the Thirty -nine Articles any day, and yet publish the works he does, and get the kind of praise he gains. He is to be pardoned, perhaps, because of extenuating circumstances, but still more certainly he is to be pitied. The sadness of such a case, and there have been hundreds and perhaps thousands very like it — I say, the sadness of such instances is EXERCISES AT NOKMAL HALL. 99 evidence as to the wisdom which waited on the foundation and development of the North Church in Sah'in. Oh the wisdom more than AvorUUy, as to which the founders of your church had some sense ! For in an ordinar}'^ way how could they have anticipated, what yet they were providing against, as to friendly meeting — this flood of knowledge which has been pouring in upon us, since Newton was wondered at, and ceased from this world ? What could they have known of the way in which this earth was about to unbosom herself as to her secret history, as concerning time and make ? How could they have foreseen such facts as the discovery of that ancient and, to a certain degree, authoritative manuscript, connected with the Scriptures, called Siuaitic? "What could they have foreknown of the speculative effects of having the universe, through science, widen round us so familiarly, as that we mortals on our earth can feel ourselves but like the occupants of some one out of— what the Psalmist may have meant when he said " The chariots of God are twenty thou- sand?" How could they have foreseen, w'hat yet is so absolutely certain, that even theology itself would have to be born again; born not of the will of man nor of creed-makers, but of the Spirit — in Christ Jesus, a new creature? All honor to the men who were ahead of their age, and whose faces were set aright as to the coming dawn ! The coral insects begin building from the floor of the ocean ; they shape for themselves little cells tliat become their tombs ; and with building cell upon cell, and tomb upon tomb, slowly the surftice of the sea is reached. And prompted by an instinct greater than what might suflflce for their little lives, these insects build up islands and rampart them about, against seas wild with the whirlwind ; islands where man can land and live, and which the orange can perfume with its scent, and brighten with its golden fruit. And a hundred and two hundred years ago the founders of churches, free as to Avhat are called creeds, acted from 100 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. a perception of right, and yet also more wisel}' than they knew, as to the fnture. For what could they possibly have anticipated as to what was to be after them, with the widening disclosures of science and history and archaeology and also experience ? ' ' The Bible," they said among themselves, " the Bible is our creed, open alwaj^s for study by all the light that time may let in upon it, or the heavens vouchsafe." Wise master-builders, they ! And now Protestant churches, bound by the creeds of preceding centuries, can live only by ignoring their fetters, or else by a debasing tam- pering as to tlie meaning of words and phrases ! All honor again to the good men who forestalled all that, as to peril ! And now as the successors of these honorable men, what is due from us? Distinctiveh% honesty and simplicity as to profession, and reverence and carefulness as to the study of the Scriptures ; and could I say, also, leadership in the church as to thinking? But that last thing is of the gift aud call of God, and not of mere fleshly willing. And yet if we were as good, as to time and circumstance, as our forefathers were, it is from among us that teachers should rise, who might be competent to the philosophj^ of the Scriptures as to revelation, and who might interpret concur- rently the marvel of Christ's resurrection and the marvellousness which does so clothe the lily of the field, and which lies latent through the winter in every acorn about to become an oak, and in every grain of mustard-seed which in Palestine is to become a tree, whereon the birds can alight and sing. And if our school of thought were as well open to light as it ought to be, apparently it might be in connection with us that the earliest teachers would be heard as to that rainbow of promise which the sun of science makes in even the fogs which accrue from earthly change and decay. And now I will say, by way of a moral, that because of pride in ancestry we are liable to spiritual apathy, and perhaps at the last to find ourselves glor^dng in mere negations. There have been times when denial, ecclesiastically, was almost as grand as the EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 101 prophet's ''Thus saith the Lord." But those times are past, and to-day boys of sixteen are very often ready to deny and dispute anything religiously, and a communitj^ like 3'ours, as to education, has all the notions of Strauss and Buchner in the air, as it were, and latent in the minds of the children. Free-thinking is nothing now as a peculiarity, except as it explores the way to the temple of truth, and now and then usliers a high-priest of thought into the holy of holies, and prepares us all for the ' lively oracles ' of a living God. Tlie libert}^ which does not ennoble us and quicken us as religious thinkers, we are unworthy of. For thinking, in a church, can be straitened and enslaved not only b}^ old, complicate, intricate creeds, but also by prejudices unconsciously entertained, or by inherited predispositions of feeling or by the subtle man- agement of perhaps two or three persons more bigoted than scrupulous. What the better are 3'ou for being Unitarians, unless there abide in you that spirit of truth which is guidance, and prompting and willingness as to all truth ? In England, on such an occasion as this, there is a Sentiment which is never forgotten — Civil and Religious Liberty, all the world over ! and in olden times, when George the Third was king, it was, no doubt, familiar to your forefathers as a post-prandial toast. " Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord," says the Psalmist, and happy are the people who are strong in the same great truths which their fathers lived by ! Happy the persons all, who can triumph in the same great cause, which their forefathers loved and struggled for ! Oh ! those words that come to mind so forcibly to-day : "Your fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live forever?" Yes, they do, all of them forever and ever, withinside of the spirit- ual and invisible ; and in those spheres of being which collectively we call heaven ; and from within which, it is possible that they raaj' be cognizant of us, at this very moment — like as it is writ- 102 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. ten as to some of the incidents of revelation " Which things the angels desire to look into." Alive forever ! Yes, they are, and even in this world, in a way, they survive themselves, in the true principles which they elaborated, in the institutions which they founded, and in the continuation of the churches, forth into which went their earnestness. " Other men labored, and ye are entered into their labors," or you ought to be. They who strive for the right, and who live faithfully by what light they have, follow after the great army of martyrs and confessors, to find, on passing the gateway of death, that they have been sharing in a struggle with sin and darkness, greater perhaps and more wonderful than they had ever thought. There is plan and purpose in the world's ongoing, as much as there ever was in the shaping of our earth. For every sowing in tears, there is always somewhere, at sometime, a harvest of joy. No man lives all to himself; and no man dies merely to himself. Striving, hoping and believing — that is the temper, as to which through nature and through Christ, God would be shaping us. Clouds and darkiiess are round about him ; but justice and judgment are the foundations of his throne. Oh, there is no knowing at what rate swings the slow pendulum which regulates the course of human progress, nor what the circumference is of that face, round which creeps the finger which indicates the hours of reform and advance. Nor can a guess be hazarded as to that millennial hour, when again the morning stars will sing together, and when the angels of heaven will cry "The war of man with man, and of creed with creed — earth's warfare is accomplished: and the kingdoms of that world have become the kingdom of our Lord and his Christ." But with ever}^ sunrise it is nearer earth — that blessed time ! and with every pulse that throbs our veins, it is nearer to us — that coming time ! And oh, it is so surely nearer to us, with every good life that is finished, and with every good and perfect thought that comes down from above, into a good man's mind ! EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 103 THE PRESIDENT. I am happy to sa}' there is in our luiuily a rolmst sister. The First Church did not send forth the North Cliurch alone, but slie also established a branch in the town of Marblehead. I have the pleasure of introducing to you the Rev. John "W. Cuadwick, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who will respond for that branch. ADDRESS OF THE REV. JOHN AY. CHADWICK. Mk. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : Once upon a time Parson Brazer, of the North Church in Salem, and Parson Bart- lett, of the Unitarian Church in Marblehead, had arranged for an exchange of pulpits and when the Sunday morning came and the time for the services had arrived. Dr. Brazer, I think, got to his post in good season, and the Marblehead people were duly edified by his preaching. But the people of the North Church in Salem came to church and the time came for the services to begin, but no minister appeared. After waiting about fifteen or twenty minutes beyond the usual time, and wondering ver^' much what had hap- pened. Parson Bartlett, Avho was alwa3'S a person of rubicund and florid appearance, arrived, looking somewhat more florid than was his wont. No explanation was given but the parson went on with his services with as much composure as he could command. It was afterward discovered that he had undertaken to walk from Marblehead to Salem (and at that time I may say the Sunday omnibus was not regarded as a means of grace) and, to save as much time as he could, he walked " across-lots." Mr. Hale has a sermon he is fond of preaching about the way of the transgressor being hard, the transgressor being the man who goes "across-lots." On this occasion the way of Parson Bartlett was particularly hard, for he was chased by a bull. It so happened, however, that he was in the close viciuit}' of a stone wall, and he climbc d over ; the bull came on with such tremendous velocity that as he went over 104 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. the wall, he went over the parson too, and did not discover for some time that the parson was not ahead of him. B}^ that time the parson had got back over the wall, and over the bull went again. And so it went on for some twenty minutes, the "artful dodger" being now on one side of the wall and now the other side, the contest growing continually more lively and exciting, until the owner of the bull, by some happy conjunction of affairs, happened to discover what was going on, and sent some one to call off the bull, and the parson proceeded on his way rejoicing. The moral of which is, that under the circumstances I think I should be justified in "dodging," for two reasons, one of which is that this is the first warning I have had that I was to speak at all. Mr. Willson said something about coming prepared to sing, and 1 have sung with the rest. Another reason is that these speeches . have gone on so long and so pleasantly that we have come to that time when it is alwaj^s proper to say that "so much has been said and so well said that I will not occupy your time." I was glad to have the President date me from Marblehead, for I was somewhat in doubt when I found he was aiming at me whether I was here as a representative of Marblehead or as a representative of Brooklyn, and certainly it is as a representative of Marblehead I am here in my thought, because as I sat in the church and heard the pleasant words of the speaker, singing that pleasant song of departed days, my thoughts were thoughts of Marblehead and not of Brooklyn. My heart almost condemns me for having allowed Parson Bartlett to appear before you in a ridiculous aspect at a time when almost everybody was afraid of the minister. I am sure I never was afraid of him, for it was always a very pleasant time when he came into the house, except when I was sick and he would order me some medicine, for 30U must remember, he was a physician of bodies as well as of souls. The town people generally used to think his medicine was orthodox, whatever they thought of his creed ; perhaps, because they got the medicine for nothing. My EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 105 thoughts were of liim and all his kindly pleasantries, and of one other who only a 3'ear or two ago passed beyond this life, and with whom year after )'ear I entered into "close communion." So that as I heard your preaclier talk of Parson IJarnanl and ]\Ir. Abbot, of Mr. Brazer and Dr. Prince, the names did not seem at all unfamiliar to me because I had heard my good grandmother talk of them so often that I felt I realh' knew tliem. There was one sermon, too, that she was very fond of reading to me, by Dr. Prince, with the beautiful text, as she thought, "In the day that I make up my jewels." Through her, therefore, I entered into communion with these people. As I listened to Mr. Willson's address, I wondered with what ej^es they would regard us from their heavenly seats, we who are working in their places, but by such different methods and such different ways, and thinking this over I was glad when the key of explanation came from Mr. Willson's own lips ; when he told us that the corner-stone of their preaching and of their hold upon the people was the liberty, the humanit}', the holiness and love they taught. So I felt we were with them. We are doing our best in our wa}^ and we are with them in the most essential way of all. Being in this Normal School building reminds me of that motto of Dr. Pierce of Lex- ington, " Live to the truth," and I am sure if we of this day and generation are ti'ue to our light, to such light as is given us, working on as faithfully and steadfastly as we can, doing our work in our own way, there is notliing existing in this world or in any other that can separate us from the love of Christ that was in those men and women of the elder da^^s, who constitute with us one family' in earth and in heaven. THE PRESIDENT. The relations that existed between the distinguished men of the time when the Rev. John Pierpont sang his great song in Bos- ton, and when the liberty-loving peoiAe of Salem listened with 7 106 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. SO much gladness, have continued to this day. I am happy to introduce to you the Rev. George L. Chaney, minister of the Hollis Street Church, Boston, a society that was old before this church was born. Mr. Chaney came from Salem. ADDRESS OF REV. GEORGE L. CHANEY. Mr. President : There are three blessings for which I desire to give thanks. First, tliat I was born in Salem ; second, that I went away from Salem ; and third, that I have returned to it to-day. You remember the old tribute which the wandering sons of Salem were wont to pay to their native town : — that it was a good place to have come from. But as often as we come back to the old city her motherly love makes us feel that it is an equally good place to return to. That we never know our blessings till they take their flight is nowhere better shown than in the experience of a Salem exile from home. Just as people who have most to boast of fall into self-dispar- agement, so it has long been a practice, among the rising genera- tions at least, to laugh at the slow gait and drowsy habits of the good old mother city that bore them. But a very short acquaint- ance with other towns and life in other countries opens our eyes wonderfully to the advantages we had at home. How should we know until we had tried other places that every city did not have a grand parade ground in its centre, with a green-coated company of valiant elm trees keeping perpetual guard around it ? Or how were we to learn tiiat the old museum was a Salem specialty? That only here could a man be at home in all the world without leaving his native city? We should have regarded it as local prejudice if any one had claimed for Salem the possession of a peculiar institution in the Essex Institute or the Athenaeum. These nurseries of science and letters were so much a matter of course in our youthful life, that any Salem boy taken to Timbuctoo EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 107 or Terra del Fuego wotikl have inuoccntl}'^ asked the way to the Institute or Library, not conceiving of a land in which these things were wanting. Tlien tliere were the ships, the mercliants, the barques and l)rigs of every clime, the stately Custom House, making a long arm of Derb}' "Wharf to catch and treasure all the products of the world ; the magnificent poor-house, as the old conundrum had it, "just like your head — because it was on the Neck"; the real home houses of the citizens, each with its yard and garden, where better things than the perishing flowers that grew there were planted in the young folks who matle those flowers their care ; and, last of many graces, there was the beautiful resting place of the dead, one of the earliest signs of the high level to which christian civilization was advancing in the new world. It is not surprising that a cit}^ thus open to communication with foreign countries and thus supplied with the apparatus for receiv- ing, preserving and transmitting knowledge from generation to generation should have nurtured thoughtful people. It is not surprising that she should have come early to broader views of religious truth and more comprehensive schemes of christian activity than were common in other cities. I take equal pride in the thought that here were consecrated the first missionaries, and here were some of the earliest defenders of a gospel too humane to omit one of God's creatures from his saving purpose and declared power in Jesus Christ, his Son. It is impossible for a man who comes in contact with humanity in many nations, and finds it the same under all its disguises of color, language and dress, to accept any plan of salvation, which cannot survey be^'ond his native city. Every seaboard town in active communication with the Indies, or the Mediterranean, is ahva3's exposed to liberal infection. No quarantine can keep out the heresy that man is man, and although in ignorance, sin or shame, still an object of providential love and care. Thus it 108 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. happened of necessity that churches of humanity were formed and maintained in this cosmopolitan city. One such church has called us together to celebrate its one-hundredth birthda3\ We have listened to its record of service, its story of long-tried fidelity to truth and God's humanity under the guiding inspiration of the christian gospel. In every street of this cit}^, homes have been visited and hallowed by its sacred ministries. In sickness and in health, in sorrow and in joy, this church has been the faithful partner of the homes united to it. Commerce and trade have felt its call to honorable dealing. The courts of justice have been more just for its maintenance of the just cause. Corrupt politics have felt the lash of its indignant rebuke, and ancient wrongs have sought in the grave a refuge from its strong attack. Proud as we are of the literary renown and commercial enterprise that have distinguished our native city, have we not, in the memories that throng the church and that pursue us wherever we assemble on this day, deeper cause for devout pride and thanksgiving ? For what were stores of knowledge or stars of genius or fires of enter- prise in us or in any people, unless governed by religious prin- ciples? What, indeed, but the material for ruin to their possessor and his unfortunate companions ! Religion gives to every other gift or accomplishment its safe direction. Aiid as the rocket sprinkles the sky with a rain of innocent splendor, or carries fire and destruction over the earth, according to its pointing, so human talents depend upon the divine hand of religion to uphold and direct them. But, Mr. President, I have another claim upon your indulgence than that of my nativity or my calling, both of which, as you see, I am not slow to magnify'. I cannot forget that I am the minister of a church which had attained a vigorous majority when j^our church was in its cradle. You must have heard of its old-time minister, the Rev. Mather Byles, the ministerial wag and tory of his day. I take no stock either in his wit or his treason, for both EXERCISES AT NOiniAL HALL. 109 of which he got his duo in being expelled from his church. But I recall a story of him which ma}- do service in illustrating my final word of congratulation. Dr. B3-les was so open a tory that he was constantly watched l»y a guard, who used to walk up and down in front of his house to see that no mischief went in or out. The doctor playfully called the guard his observe-a-tory. One day being in want of something at a neighboring store (sermon- paper, perhaps), Dr. Byles persuaded his guard to do the errand for him, agreeing to take his place during his absence. So the doctor was seen walking up and down in front of his house, with gun a'shoulder, keeping watch over himself. I used to fear, Mr. Presid'ent, that such would be the end of the liberal church ; every minister and every church and every man with gun a' shoulder, keeping watch over himself — the last result of individual isolation. In such a gathering as this, how vain the fear ! In this commemoration of a hundred years of work well done, Ave give a pledge of s3-mpathy in the work of the future. A hundred years to come, may the churches that stand for freedom in the choice of the christian religion and consecration in its prac- tice make one brotherhood, and on this day, 1972, may they meet to repeat this festival with greater fulness and even grander cheer than have been ours to-day ! The President then read the following letter from The Salem UxivERSALiST SOCIETY, as showiug the sympath}^ which persons of different denominations feel towards each other, and especially as evincing the friendship of this sister church, of another and yet a kindred faith ; that church being represented on this occasion by its pastor. Rev. E. C. Bolles. 110 EXERCISES AT NOEMAL HALL. Salem, June 15, 1872. Francis H. Lee, Esq., My Dear Sir : — In parish meeting, held June 10, 1872, it was Voted^ that the accompanying letter of congratulation be adopted, and that a copy be sent by the clerk of the First Univer- salist society, to the secretary of the committee of the North Church and society, for their centennial celebration. Very truly yours, T. H. Barnes, Clerk. "to the north church and society, SALEM. Dear Brethren: — We have learned through your invitation to our pastor that you are to observe on the 1 9th of July next, the centennial anniversary of the founding of your society and church. We would not lose this early opportunity of conveying to you our congratulations. We rejoice that you have thus com- pleted a century of church life, and through fathers and sons have so long and so well upheld the interests of liberal religion in this community. It is a matter of even greater pleasure to us that the hundredth anniversary finds you ready and in earnest to add another chapter to the story of the devotion of the past. We would join you, therefore, in the pleasant thoughts of this memorial day, and beg you to remember that we are with you not only by the bond of neighborhood but by that of fraternity as well." THE PRESIDENT. I regret that the eloquent pastor of this church extending a kindly hand to us has been called away. I should have urged him to remain had I known he was about to leave. I know of no better service I can perform than to ask another son of Salem to respond for the Universalist Church. I ask the Eev. Mr. White of Keene, N. H. EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. Ill ADDRESS OF THE REV. WILLIAM ORNE WHITE. You will pardon mc. sir, for thinking that hero is an excellent opportunity for me to act upon what Rev. Mr. Chane}"^ has just told us about "Mather Byles." For, at this late hour, what better can I do, than in emulation of that ancient worthy, to "mount guard over myself?" Having had no premonition of the sentiment to which I am expected to respond, I am, nevertheless, very thankful for the privilege of saying, that in my own immediate neighborhood, we Unitarians and Universalists have very pleasant fellowship, one with another. Upon the shelves of our Universalist brethren, you can often find the volumes of Channing and AVare and other leading Unitarians, side by side with those among their own writers who are closely allied to us in liberal thought, and in great and beneficen-t work. Let us all unite in cordially wishing our Universalist friends increasing success in the neAV century of effort upon which they have recently entered. It is tantalizing to think, sometimes, how near you come to escaping your fate. I was just thinking, as 3'ou called upon me, sir, that two minutes more from each of these excellent gentlemen who have spoken, and it would have been out of the question for 3'ou to have called upon me at all, without drawing unduly upon the next century. Do we not find, in the absence of some of our friends, in this intense midsummer's heat, a sad warning against our being so prone to act upon the familiar saj'ing, "It will be all the same a hundred 3'ears hence?" What could have set this people out to form their church on the nineteenth of July? As we miss familiar sous of Salem who are in their "tent on the beach," or climbing the mountains, we can call back, across the cliffs of the century, to Thomas Barnard and his friends, "It was not all the same a hundred years hence ! " Even so small a matter as fixing the day 112 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. of your being "set off" as a church made a difference, a hundred years afterwards, in our celebration. I feel a little like a child, as well as a guest, of the North Church to-day. For although a sou of the old "First Church," with which my maternal ancestors were identifled, I can recall with much pleasure my brief connection with the North Church Sunday School, just before such a school was established in the parent church. How much grace and dignity Hon. Leverett Saltoustall lent to it as its revered superintendent ! My own teacher was that excellent man, the late E. K. Lakeman, whose genial presence and kind words it is always a pleasure to recall. My earliest remembrance of h,nything is the marriage of a beloved relative, at which Rev. Dr. Brazer officiated, when I was between three and four years old. How gracious was his way of greeting his j^oung friends upon the street ! How vividly can we recall those plaintive cadences which gave such effect to his reading of the one verse of the hymn ! Again and again, upon his exchanges with our own minister, I remember the fearful solemnity which marked his reading of the words : "And now, my soul, another year Of my short life is past; I cannot long continue here ; And this may be my last." Of Rev. John E. Abbot, the most distinct impression I have received was from the faithful friend who accompanied him in his unavailing journey to Havana, and who said of him, referring to his period of comparative health, "wherever he was, whatever he said, even though he were chatting cheerfull}^ with j^ou at ' a party,' he ahvays seemed to be in heaven." It so happens that Keene, which has been my home for more than twenty years past, is the town to which Rev. Asa Dunbar retired, after seeming to stand as a stone wall between tlie elder Thomas Barnard and his son. How brief was his term of service EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 113 in the First Church! His declining health soon threw him into the profession of the law, which lie honorably pursued for a few years in Keene, and then died, at the age of forty-two. Had he, or his past friends in Salem, foreseen the brief and chequered years that remained to him, and the long and brave career of the young Barnard, ma}' we not feel that the disruption which was occasioned by the rivalry of these men and their friends might have been prevented ? But in that case where should we have been to-day, and where my opportunity of thanking your committee for their kind invita- tion, and yourself, sir, for the privilege of expressing the pleasure which I feel in being here? The following hymn was then read by the Rev. George Batch- ELOR, of the Barton Square Church, and sung by the company : Great God, we sing tliat mighty hand By which, supported, still we stand ; Tlie opening year Tliy mercy shows ; That mercy crowns it till it close. With grateful hearts the past ■we own ; The future, all to us unknown, We to Thy guardian care commit, And, peaceful, leave before Thy feet. In scenes exalted or depressed, Thou art our joy, and Thou our rest ; Thy goodness all our hopes shall i-aise Adored through all our changing days. 114 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. CONGRATULATORY LETTERS. The President said he had two or three pleasant letters, indic- ative of the kind feelings which old friends had after they had left the city. He then read the following : — York, England, June 21, 1872. My Dear Mr. Willson: — Your letter reached me just as I was leaving London for a short tour northward, and I take my first leisure to thank you for the invitation to join in the approaching centenary of the "North Society," Most gladl}^ would I, if I could, leap the space that separates Old England from the New, to be one of the gathering that will meet to renew old ties and to refresh themselves with the m.emories that hang about our loved church. I have visited during the week one of the colleges in Oxford that had just celebrated, two days before, its ten hundreth anni- versary. It was good to think that, amid all the changes and revolutions of those thousand years, so A-aluable an institution had preserved an unbroken life, and had twined about itself rich associations with every portion of so long and varied a history ; and I was glad to be reminded b}^ yoxir letter in my pocket that, in our country too, there are some among'the best institutions we possess which, if they cannot claim so great antiquity as that, are relatively to the period of our national life almost as old. Let us make much of their anniversaries when they come round, and may they be dearer and stronger the older they grovf . My own connection with the society covered only two out of its one hundred years ; but when I recall the rich experiences and the consecrated friendships that are to me inseparably associated with the church, 1 realize the more how much that is precious must have accumulated about it to the multitude of souls it has welcomed and nourished during all the hundred years. How much I should EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 115 like to look in upon your celebration. I should meet many whose faces and forms are almost the same as when they greeted me eighteen 3'ears ago. There are others whom I knew as children and who are grown I suppose wholly out of my recognition ; but I should like to look in their faces and take them b}' the hand and see how far the}- have realized the anticipations I used to like to form about them when I was privileged to look on them as members of my flock. But very many of those who were nearest and dearest to me during ni}' ministry have left this earth and will not be with j'ou — I am almost startled when I count them over and see how many they are. Inasmuch as I am forced to be among the absent ones I take a kind of solemn joy in thinking in what a company I am ; for whether the absence is occasioned by a difierencc of continent or by difference of sphere may be less of a distinction than we are apt to suppose. I think it would be hard to find anywhere in the world truer exemplifications of the christian life than we had among those dear departed ones, whose loveliness and unselfish devotion to duty and religious fervor give noAV an odor of sanctit}' to the church the}^ loved so well ; and what a testimony they give to the value of that form of religious faith which has borne such precious fruit ! May their memory stimulate us and make us strive that it may work in us also the same perfect work ! May God bless j'ou in 3-our ministrj^, and bless the people — who in every true church are ministers too — and may you and they so labor together as to help on the kingdom of righteousness and truth and love. I am ever sincerely 3"ours, Charles Lowe. 116 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. Portland, Maine, July 16, 1872. My Dear Mr. Willson : — It is a great disappointment to me, that I shall not be able to be present at the centennial celebration of the North Church. I should not allow any light thing to detain me from it ; for I would not willingly neglect so filial a duty ; but an engagement of long standing, and involving the convenience of others beside myself, takes me out of communi- cation with Salem for a week to come. I trust that the occasion will be successful in renewing the recollections which are too good to be allowed to perish, and that the elements will be as propitious as the occasion, that the ther- mometer may not see fit to celebrate the centennial by itself rising to one hundred degrees. My chief contribution, if I could be as present as I am in desire, would be an interest loyal to the old church. My mem- ories of its history go too little way back, and are too largely personal to be of value to others, though to myself they are a part of the most precious things in my life ; and yet, though one of its younger children, I can touch directly or indirectly along the whole span of its century's life. The church was founded in the dark days just before the Revolution, — an act of faith not the least memorable among the many historical events in the history of Salem. It is ninety-seven j-ears since some of the parishioners of one of my predecessors at King's Chapel came down to Salem in their red coats seeking powder, and found Mr. Barnard standing at the old North Bridge. The clerical dress and manner of that noteworthy figure anaong the worthies of the old town, were a tradition still, — the beautiful youth of Abbot, all fragrant with piety, was an inspiring memory not yet dim, twenty-five years ago. Dr. Brazer's kind, scholarly presence I well remember, and have to confess that one of my earliest impressions of him is as standing at the door of the pew where I was just emerging from a EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 117 sound sleep, and STniling benigniintly on his small parishioner who did not then dream of one day himself exercising a soporific influ- ence on future hearers. The old church I never knew except in its degradations when painted carpets hung up to dr}^, where the fathers and mothers in that Israel used to come up to their holy place ; but the present church, if 1 can judge others b}- myself, must be to many who have gone forth to the ends of the earth, as stately and venerable as any cathedral, with its gray tower and green-mantled walls. The North Church has had a succession of men of rare and various gifts in its ministry. For many of its children, the voices of its living ministers, present and past, are mingled in the best things which we have in this world to remember ; j'et the best things which that pulpit said to me in the forming 3'ears of life could not si)eak more eloquently than it used to speak b3' its silence. That mahogany tower whose beaut}- seemed to surpass any other carven work spoke as a symbol, and the best testimony of the church was the testimony of the undying words of the New Testament which it has written above its preacher's head as the law of his utterance and the pledge of its own faith and fidelity. Much has changed in the hundred years, but the freshness and truth of those words, and of the gospel whence they are drawn, have surely gained b}' the testimony of a century's added life. The christian lives that have been lived, loving, helpful and strong, in the North Church, and the faith that has been nourished there, are evidences not to be gainsaid, that the Christianity which the church was instituted to teach is real, and that the substance of its fi^ith is fact and truth. Shall we not also take them as promises that the old church will still have work to do and will do it, in the j-ears to come, for God and for Jesus Christ, reconciling the old truth with the new vision ? Yours faithfully, IIknky W. Foote. 118 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. Jamaica Plain, July 18, 1872. George B. Loring, Esq. 3Iy Dear Sir : — I have delayed answering your kind invitation to join the North society in celebrating the one hundredth anni- versary of its organization till now, in the hope that I might find myself able to accept it. But as the day is at hand and the in- tense heat continues, I am compelled at the last moment to acknowledge the honor of the invitation with gratitude and to decline it with great regret. Believe me, I should greatly enjoy being with you. My associations with the North society are all interesting and agreeable, — extremely so. My acquaintance with it covers more than a third of its entire history. Forty j'ears ago, when I became minister of the church in Barton Square, the North society contained in its membership as noble a list of men and women, adorning their positions and illuminating the spheres of their various activity, as any parish in the commonwealth could then boast. I recall their presence to-day, as your preacher will do to-morrow, with equal reverence and affection. I remember, with a heart which yearns towards them across the interval of years that separates us, the most gracious cordiality with which they received me, a mere youth, to their refined and charming homes. I can never forget the amiable and courtly Col. Benjamin Pickman, at whose table I was a frequent guest ; nor his exceed- ingly modest but highly cultivated brother and sister, William and Rawlins who, in their tastes and studies, impersonated the best genius of literature, and in their character the simplicity, sincerity and charity of the gospel of Christ. Who that knew him will ever forget the commanding figure and the massive intellect of Dudley Pickman, or his fine powers of conversation ? The meek and difl3- dent Frederick Howes rises into this group, a studious man of rare attainments, matched, perhaps, by no other in the society unless, perchance, by a lady of his own family. There is another name EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 119 which v:\\\ not fail to be remeinbercd witli tenderest interest on the occasion ; and I could form no bettor aspiration for your proceed- ings than that they might be animated by the spirit of that grand- est of men and best of Christians, Leverett Saltonstall. But 1 am sorry I began to refer to names because the list is so long, and so many in the same and in less conspicuous walks rush to my attention only to be passed by. Besides the Peabodjs who will be fitly commemorated, there is one most friendly face which I love to recall, — that of a neighbor who I suppose never had a christian name, and in respect to whom we were always violating the injunction, " Call no man master," for we never called him an3'thing else but " Master Cole." At the remembrance of these persons and their families and of so many others equally worthy, all the venerations of my heart leap up and mingle with those which I bear towards so great a number in all the parishes of your good city, my long-time and most pleasant home. Please give the hearty love of their old friend to the North society assembled to-morrow, and believe me, With sincere regard, yours very truly, James W. Thompson. Providence, July 3, 1872. Francis II. Lee, Esq. Dear Sir : — I deepl}' regret that I cannot accept j'our friendl}' invitation to attend " a celebration of the centennial anniversar}- of the founding of the North Church and Society in Salem," to take place on Friday, the 19th inst. ; but the semi-centennial an- niversary of the founding of the Rhode Island Historical Society, of which I have been twent3'-two years librarian, occurring on the same daj', I cannot, as a member of the committee of arrange- ments, with propriety, absent myself on that occasion. Your note of invitation revived pleasant memories of the years of my ministry in Beverly and of the fraternal intercourse I held 120 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. with the clergy of your city and vicinity. The Ministerial Asso- ciation which embraced the names of the venerable Dr. Prince, of Brazer, Flint, Thompson and Upham, of Salem ; Thayer of Beverly ; Sewall and Bigelow, of Danvers ; Robbius, Pierpont and Swett, of Lynn ; and Hamilton and Waite of Gloucester, combined in no common degree, high scholarship, devoutness and geniality. Cer- tainly, I have never known a body of men in which the spirit of brotherhood was more strongly developed, or who were more devoted to the work of their profession. The mention of these and other names awakens many recollec- tions of men and events in 3'our goodly city of Avhich I ma}^ not here speak. And while, in conclusion, I rejoice with you in the honorable record of a century of your society's life, accept assur- ances of my best wishes for its future, and my earnest prayer that its prosperity may be perpetuated until the church on earth shall be merged in the church of the first born in heaven. Very sincerely yours, Edwin M. Stone. Mr. Willson next read extracts from a letter from S. Endicott Peabody, Esq., who removed a little more than a year ago from Salem to London, England, prefacing the reading by a grateful mention of the deep interest which the writer had alwaj's shown in the welfare of the society, and the valuable services he had rendered in the Sunday School, and in other positions. The letter had not been written for public use, but it might be presumed that the writer would not object to the introduction of a few sentences as a greeting from an old friend with whom the society had parted most reluctantly. Mr. Willson also observed that the letter con- tained substantial pecuniary aid towards the expenses of this cele- bration of the societ^^'s one hundredth anniversary. EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 121 22 Old Broad Street, London, June 18, 1872. Mil Dear Mr. Willson: — Your friendly note just received re- minds me most pleasantly of the day of jubilee which is at hand for the old North Church, with which for four generations my family have been identified. . . . Whether it will ever be my good fortune to be again an active member of the good old con- gregation I cannot know, but I never enter a church on Sunday without seeing before me, not only the familiar walls of the " Old North," but all the forms and faces of those whom I have known with various degrees of intimacy from earliest childhood to a very mature manhood "With the sincere hope that the celebration may pass off most agreeably to all who will have the happiness to participate in it, I remain, cordiall}' and gratefully yours, S. E. Peabodt. THE PRESIDENT. I now desire to introduce to you a venerable son of Salem, the Rev. Mr. Hodges. ADDRESS OF THE REV. R. M. HODGES. I esteem it a privilege to be present on this memorial occasion. Let me pay a tribute of gratitude to the Author and Preserver of my life, for the kind providence which has upheld and blessed me in being even unto this hour. Mr. Chairman, I regard it as a special favor to be invited to contribute, in ever so humble degree, to the grateful emotions of this festival. I am not, as 3'ou are aware, a member of this family in the great communion of Christians, but at an interesting period of my life, my best affections were strongly attached to the minis- tering servants, and to the public ministrations of the church which 8 122 EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. was here gathered one hundred years ago to-day. My recollections of Dr. Barnard bring with them, sentiments of reverence, of grat- itude and love. He did a favor for me which makes his memory dear to me. lie was a venerable man and the dignity and urbanity that distinguished his demeanor sat gracefully upon him, for they were the heritage of a succession of worthy progenitors. Of the saintly Abbot, I have no words in which to clothe my conception of his pure and devout character. It was ni}^ privilege for about a year to be his pupil in theological studies and christian training. His teachings and his example I regard as legacies that will never lose their value, and which are presented in a revived light and with renewed emphasis by the observances of this day. Though debarred the honor of being affiliated to the North Church, I may claim with satisfaction the prerogative of being a son of Salem. The place of one's nativity, in these latter days, has come to be regarded as not an immaterial point in the history of one's life. It has recently been declared, in the interest of no inconsiderable authority, that if one were not born in Boston, it had been better that he was not born at all. This is an unpleasant dilemma, to say the least, for a majorit}- of mortality to be placed in. Although subject to the bereavement of -this declaration, having first breathed the air of Salem, I do not consider myself as altogether out of the pale of humanity, inasmuch as my better half was born in the specially favored citj' , and to that circum- stance and the basis of it, I am ready mainty to attribute the hap- piness that has crowned my days. I am glad, Mr. Chairman, that I am alive to-day, if it be only a moiety of existence, that I iway speak in honor of the place that gave me birth. The merchants of olden time, the Grays, the Peabodys, the Crowninshields pass in review before me, reminding me of magnanimous thoughts and generous deeds. The physicians of former days, the venerable Ilolyoke, venerable for years, the EXERCISES AT NORMAL HALL. 123 unequivocal Treadwell, firm and decided, the imperturbable Oliver, calm and unimpassioned, are still held in grateful remembrance for the confidence Nvhicli tlicir .sl, 1783.* Samuel Holman, " " " " died Nov. 24, 1825.t Jacob Sanderson, " Jan. 31, 1785, " Feb. 12, 1810. Elijah Sanderson, " Dec. 22, 1814, " Feb. 10,1825. Edward Brown, " " " " " June 10, 1844. Thomas Cole, " Sept. 1,1825, " June 24, 1852. Edward A. Holyoke, " Mch. 28, 1848, " Dec. 19, 1855. J Daniel Bray, " " " " " Feb. 24, 1850. In late years those who have acted as deacons have declined the office and title, but have consented temporarily to fulfil its duties. Edward H. Payson and Caleb P^oote have thus s bom Sept. 9, 1826. 3rd. William Sever Brazer* ) ^ ' 4th. Anne Warren Brazer, born June 10, 1829 ; married Ellis. 5th. Edward Winslow, born Nov. 17, 1831 ; d. June 8, 1854, at Dorchester. * W. S. graduated Harvard College, in 1846; died at West Point, 17th Aug., 1849. (175) 176 MINISTERS. The following discourses unci other publications of Dr. Brazer have been printed. A Discourse before the Society for the Promotion of Christian Educa- tion in Harvard University, Aug. 28, 1825. 8vo. Boston. 1825. Discourse at the interment of E. A. Holyoke, April 4, 1829. 8vo. Salem. 1829. Sermon at the ordination of Rev. Jonathan Cole, in Kingston, Jan. 21, 1829. 8vo. Salem. 1829. Power of Unitarianism over the Affections (Am. Unit. Association, Tracts, 1st. ser.. No. 27). 1829. Biographical Memoirs of Edwai'd Augustus Holyoke (appended to a collection of his writings). 1830. A Sermon on the value of the Public Services of our Eeligion (Liberal Preacher, N. S., vol. 1, No. 2). 1832. The Efficacy of Prayer (in the Unitarian Advocate). 1832. The Same. 12mo. Boston. 1832. The Same, reprinted for the Am. Unitarian Association, Tracts, 1st ser.. No. 88. 12mo. Boston. 1834. A Discourse at the Installation of Rev. Andrew Bigelow, in Taunton, April 10, 1833. 8vo. Cambridge. 1833. A Dudleian Lecture at Harvard College, May 13, 1835. 8vo. Cam- bridge. 1835. Essay on the docti'ine of Divine Influence on the Human Soul. 1835. Address before the Seaman's Widow and Orphan Association, Dec. 25, 1835. 8vo. Salem. 1836. Introduction to "A Good Life," by Thomas Wright. 16mo. Boston. 1836. Sermon on the Anniversary of Ordination, Nov. 19, 1837. 8vo. Salem. 1837. The Present Darkness of God's Providence. 8vo. Boston. 1841. Notice of a " Collection of Hymns for the Christian Church and Home," by the Rev. James Flint (in the Monthly Miscellany). 1843. Discourse Aug. 20, 1843, on the death of Benjamin Pickman. 8vo. Salem. 1843. A Discourse on the life and character of the late Leverett Saltoiistall, May 18, 1845. 8vo. Salem. 1845. A volume of Sermons published after his death : with a memoir by his son W. S. B. 12mo. Boston. 1849. Besides Dr. Brazer was a frequent contributor to the North American Review and the Christian Examiner, and it has been thought that some of these articles displayed more culture, learning, and ability than any of his separate publications. W7M>a:^ Aa^^ REV. OCTAVIUS BROOKS FROTIIINGIIAM. Rev. Octavius Brooks FROTniNGnAM,was born in Boston, Nov. 26, 1822. Prepared for college at the Latin School in Boston, and gradnated at Harvard College, in the class of 1843. His father, was Rev. N. L. Frothingham,D.D., for man}' years the well known Pastor of the First Church in Boston, a poet and writer of great merit. Born at Boston, July 23, 1793; graduated at Harvard, 1811; died, April 3, 1870. His mother, Ann Gorham, was a daughter of Hon. Peter Chardon Brooks, one of the wealthiest of the sons of New England. Mr. Frothingham was ordained over the North Church, March 10, 1847, and continued in the ministry here till April 9, 1855, when he resigned his charge and accepted the pastorate of the First Unitarian Church in Jersc}' City, where he was installed Sept. 11, 1855. In 1860 he was installed over the New York (city) Third Unitarian Society. Married, March 23, 1847, in Boston, Caroline E. Curtis, daughter of Caleb Curtis, Esq., of Boston. The following are the printed sermons, etc., by Mr. Frothing- ham. "The New Coininaudinent," a discourse June 4, 1854. 8vo. Salem. 1854. " The Eternal Life," a discourse April 15, 1855. 8vo. Salem. 1855. Discourse at the Installation of Rev. J. K. Karcher in Philadelphia, Oct. 5, 1859. 8vo. Philadelphia. 1859. " Tkeodore Parker," a sermon in New York, June 10, 18C0. 8vo. Bos- ton. 18C0. " Seeds and Shells," a sermon in New York, Nov. 17, 18G1. 8vo. New York. 18G2. Words spoken at the funeral of Robert F. Denyer, Oct. 19, 1862. (177) 178 MINISTERS. "Words spoken at the funeral of John Hopper, July 31, 1864. 8vo. New York. 1864. "A Plea for Frankness," a sermon in New York, May 6, 1866. 12mo. New York. 1866. " Allegiance and Patronage," a sermon June 17,1866. 12mo. New York. 1866. "Leaving Home" and "Revelations," two sermons in New York, Dec. 9 and 16. 12mo. New York. 1866. " Binding and Loosing," two sermons. ]2mo. New York. 1867. " Eeligion and Common Sense" and "The Spirit of the Times," sermons in New York, Dec. 30 and Jan. 13. 12mo. New York. 1867. " The Worship of Tools," a sermon. 12mo. New York. 1868. "Experience and Hope," a sermon. 12mo. New York. 1868. "The Weightier Matters of the Law," a sermon. 12mo. New York. 1868. "Eeasonings about Faith," a sermon. 12mo. New Yoi'k. 1868. "The Lssue Avith Superstition," a sermon Sept. 18, 1870, in Lyric Hall. 12mo. New York. 1870. "The Radical Belief," a discourse in Lyric Hall, Oct. 23, 1870. 12mo. New York. 1870. "Personal Independence," a sermon in Lyric Hall, Oct. 30, 1870. 12mo. New York. 1870. "The Gospel of Character," a sermon in Lyric Hall. 12mo. New York. 1871. "Prayer," a sermon in Lyric Hall, Jan. 29, 1871. 12mo. New York. 1871. "The Lnmortalities of Man," a discourse in Lyric Hall, April 9, 1871. 12mo. New York. 1871. Colonization, Anti-slavery Tract, No. 3. "Believing Much and Believing Little," "No. 5. Tracts for the Times.' 12mo. Albany. 1860. Sermon before the Graduating Class, of the Forty-second Annual Visi- tation of the Divinity School of Harvard University. 8vo. Cambridge. 1868. "The Unitarian Convention and the Times," a Palm Suuday Sermon. " The Religion of Humanity." 1 vol. New York. CfiiX-U^^ CtloUiSL^ , EEV. CHARLES LOWE. Rev. Charles Lowe, son of John and Ann (Simes) Lowe, was born at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Nov. 18, 1828. In 1830 his parents removed to Exeter, New Hampshire, where they now reside. At Phillips Academy, Exeter, he qualified himself for admission to Harvard College, from which he graduated in the class of 1847. He pursued his professional studies one year with Rev. A. P. Peabody, then M^ent to Germany and studied one year, and then spent a year in travelling in Europe, and he was appointed tutor in Greek and Latin at Harvard 1850-51, at the same time was connected with the Divinity school, at Cam- bridge, graduating from that school in 1851. He was ordained as colleague Pastor, with Rev. John Weiss of the Unitarian Church in New Bedford, July 28, 1852 ; resigned in 1854, on account of ill health.* Installed over the North Church Sept. 27, 1855, and resigned 28th July, 1857. On the 28th of May, 1859, installed over the Congregational Church (Unitarian) in Somerville, and after a successful ministry of nearly six years, was again com- pelled by the failure of his health to withdraw from the pastoral relation. He soon became, and for several j-ears continued to be, the efficient and trusted secretary of the American Unitarian Association. He married Sept. 16, 1857, Martha A. daughter of the late Justus and Hannah (Wood) Perry, of Keene, New Hampshire, and is now with his family in Europe. ♦This cause has compelled Iiini several times afterwards to withdraw for a time from his ministerial duties. (179) 180 MINISTERS. The following are some of the printed sermons and other publi- cations, by Mr. Lowe. "Death of President Lincoln," a sermon in Charleston, Sonth Carolina, April 23, 1865. 12mo. Boston. 1865. " The Condition and Prospects of the South," a discourse in Somerville, June 4, 1865. 8vo. Boston. 1865. A Statement in regard to the Position and Policy of the American Unitarian Association. 12mo.' Boston. 1868. "Have we misrepi'esented Orthodoxy?" A reply to strictures in the Boston Recorder and elsewhere. 12mo. Boston. 1868. A defence of the action of the American Unitarian Association. 12mo. Boston. 1870. Mr. Lowe became editor of "Monthly Journal," beginning with the number for Sept., 1865, and continued to edit it till its sus- pension, at the end of 1869. He also edited four "Year Books," from 1868 to 1871. During the years of his connection with the Association, he of course wrote the Annual Reports ; which, after 1869, were printed by themselves. There were also issued in pamphlet form, by the American Unitarian Association, the fol- lowing — the first two having been previously published in the "Monthly Journal" — the third having been given at the Annual Meeting for that year — "A Statement of the Policy of the Amer- ican Unitarian Association, July, 1868 ; "Have we misrepresented Orthodoxy?" Dec, 1868 ; " The Unitarian Position," June, 1870 ; " A Defence of the Action of the American Unitarian Associa- tion," Oct. 13, 1870. iff' <^s:^:^ u> /i^^^T^ REV. ED^NIUND B. WILLSON. Edmuxd B. Willson, son of Rev. Luther, and Sally (Bigelow) Willson, was born in Petersham, Aug. 15, 1820; entered Yale College in 1834 ; dismissed on account of sickness, Aug., 1835 ; studied for the ministry in the Cambridge Divinity School, gradu- ating in 1843 ; received the decree of A.M. from Harvard College in 1853 ; ordained over the First Congregational Society in Grafton, Jan. 3, 1844 ; married Martha Anne, daughter of Stephen Buttrick of Framiugham (granddaughter of Major John Buttrick of the "Concord Fight"), May 8, 1844; became pastor of the First Society in West Roxbury (the second church in Roxbury), July 18, 1852 ; installed minister of the North Societ}' in Salem, June 5, 1859 ; commissioned chaplain of the twenty-fourth Regiment of Mass. Volunteers, Oct. 21, 1863 ; joined that regiment at St. Augustine, Florida, Dec. 17, 1863 ; resigned at Deep Bottom, Vir- ginia, July 6, 1864. His father. Rev. Luther Willson, sou of Joseph and Sarah (Matthews) Willson, and grandson of Robert and Martha (Dun- lap) AVillson, was born in New Braintree, Apr. 26, 1783, gradu- ated at Williams College in 1807; studied for the ministry ; and having been three years and a half Principal of Leicester Academy, was settled in 1813, in Brooklyn, Conn., as colleague pastor with Rev. Josiah AVhitney, D.D., over the First Congregational Society in that town. When settled he was a Trinitarian in belief. Dur- ing the three or four years following he gave much examination to the doctrine of the Trinity, and having at length announced his conviction of the truth of the Unitarian doctrine of God, he was (181) 182 MINISTERS. summoned by the Consociation of Windham county to answer to the charge of heresy. Denying the jurisdiction of that ecclesi- astical court, he nevertheless proposed to state and defend his opinions before it. The consociation proceeded to try him, as it claimed that it had a right to do, and pronounced his deposition from his office. The majority. of the society adhered to him, how- ever, refused to acknowledge the authority of the consociation, and accepted his views ; and when he resigned in Sept., 1817 (in the hope that under another minister the seceding members might return) he was soon succeeded by the late Rev. Samuel J. May of Syracuse. This was the origin of the First, and for many years the only, Unitarian Society in the State of Connecticut. It is believed to be still the only church of that faith in the state which maintains public worship. Mr. Willson was installed June 23, 1819, pastor of the First Parish in Petersham, Mass., "of which he continued the minister for more than fifteen j^ears. He died in Petersham, Nov. 20, 1864. The following sermons and addresses of Mr. Willson have been published, besides occasional sermons and articles in magazines and newspapers. 1. Sermon contaiuiug historical notices of the Fir^t Congregational Church in Grafton, preached Dec. 27, 1846. 2. Address at consecration of Riverside cemetery, Grafton, April 29, 1851. 3. Sermon preached in West Roxburj^ June 4, 185-1, it being the Sunday after the return of Anthony Burns into slavery. 4. Address delivered in Petersham, July 4, 1854, in commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of the incorporation of that town. 5. "In Memory of Christ :" A sermon preached in the North Church in Salem, March 4, 1860. 6. "Reasons for Thanksgiving:" A sermon preached on a National Thanksgiving day at the North Church, April 20, 1862. 7. " The Proclamation of Freedom:" A sermon preached in the North Church, Jan. 4, 1863. 8. " God a Father :" A sermon preached in the Noi'th Church, Feb. 2, 1868. THE FIRST MEETING HOUSE, ITTCJ - 183G , ON THE COKNEU OF NORTH AND LYNDE STREETS. [See page 20.] The following papers are worthy of record, as ilhistrating some portions of the history of this Church and Parish. Deed of John Nutting to James Andrew and others. Know all Men by these Presents, that I, John Nutting of Salem, in the county of Essex, in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, Esq., in con- sideration of one hundred and ninety five pounds, six sliillinucs and ten pence, lawfull money, paid rae by James Andrew, housewriiiiit ; Joseph Blaney, William Browne and Francis Cabot, Esq'rs; William Clough, (183) 184 MEETING HOUSES. mason; Samuel Curweu, Esq., Benjamin Daland, yeoman; Andrew Dal- glish, merchant ; Stephen Daniel, shipwright ; Mary Eden, widow; John Felt, shoreman ; Samuel Eield, boat-builder ; Nathaniel Foster, taylor ; Robert Foster, blacksmith; Weld Gardner and Henry Gardner, merchants ; Jona. Gavett, cabinetmaker; Samuel Holman, hatter; Edward Augustus Holyoke, Esq., James King, shopkeeper; William Luscomb and William Luscomb, Jr., and Joseph Mclntire, housewrights ; David Mason, gentle- man; Jonathan Mansfield, gentleman; John Millet, cooper; Eleazer Moses, sailmaker; Jeremiah Newhall, housewright; Benjamin Pickman and Benjamin Pickman, Jr., Esq's; Clark Gayton Pickman and William Pickman, merchants; Ebenezer Porter, houscAvright ; Daniel Ropes, cordwainer; Samuel Symouds, Jr., shoreman; Joshua Ward, gentleman ; Richard Ward, tanner; Miles Ward the third, glazier; Samuel West, gentleman; Samuel West, Jr., mariner; William West, merchant, and Benjamin West, mariner; all of Salem aforesaid, the receipt whereof I do hereby acknowledge, do hereby Give, Grant, sell and convey unto the said James Andrew, Joseph Blaney, Wm. Browne, Frs. Cabot, Wm. Clough, Samuel Curwen, Benj. Daland, Andrew Dalglish, Stephen Daniel, Mary Eden, Jno. Felt, Samuel Field, Nath'l Foster, Robert Foster, Weld Gard- ner, Henry Gardner, Jona. Gavett, Sam'l Holman, E. A. Holyoke, Jas. King,Wm. Luscomb, Wm. Luscomb, Jr., Joseph Mc'Intire, Jona. Mansfield, David Mason, Jno. Millet, Eleazer Moses, Jer'h Newhall, Benj. Pickman, Benj. Pickman, Jr., C. G. Pickman, W. Pickman, Eb. Porter, Dan'l Ropes, Samuel Symonds, Jr., Joshua Ward, Richd. Ward, Miles Ward the third, Sam'l West, Sam'l West, Jr., William West and Benj. West, and their heirs, forty-two parts of a certain lot of land in Salem aforesaid, in forty- three equal parts to be divided, containing about twenty-four poles, and is bounded easterly on land of Abijali Northey and there measures seventy- five feet ; southerly, partly on land belonging to the heirs of Geo. Daland, deceased, and partly on laud of Elizabeth Henderson, and there measures eighty-one feet ; westerly on an highway, and there measures seventy-nine feet; and northerly on an highway, and there measures eighty-eight feet, with the appurtenances. To have and to hold one forty-second part of the premises, to the said Jas. Andrew and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Joseph Blaney and his heirs, one other fortj'-second part to the said Wm. Browne and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Francis Cabot and his heirs, one other foity-second p;irt to the said Wra. Clough and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Samuel Curwen and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Benjamin Daland and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Andrew Dal- glish and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Daniel and his heirs, one other forty-second pail to the said Mary Eden and her heirs, one other forty-second pai't to the said John Felt and his heirs, one other forty- second part to the said Sam'l Field and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Nath'l Foster and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Robert Foster and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the MEETING HOUSES. 185 sail! 'WoUl Gardner ami his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Henry Gardner and his heirs, one other forty-second parttotlie said Jona. Gavett and hislieirs, one otlier forty-second part to the said Sani'I Holmaii and his lieirs, one other forty-second part to the said E. A. Holyolce and his heirs, one other forty-second part to tlic said James King and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Wm. Luscoml) and his heirs, one other fortj'-sccond part to the said Wm. Luscomb, Jr., aud his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Joseph Mc'Intire and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Jonathan Manstlehi and his heirs, one otlier forty-second part to the said David Mason aud his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said John Millet aud his heirs, one other forty- second part to the said Eleazer Moses and his lieirs, one other forty-second part to the said Jer. Newiiall aud his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said B. IMckmau and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said B. Pickman, Jr., aud his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said C. G. Pickman aud his heirs, oue other forty-second part to the said Wm. Pickman and his heirs, oue other forty-second part to the said Eijen Por- ter and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Daniel Itopes and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Samuel Sj'iuonds, Jr., and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Josh. Ward aud his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Eicliard AVard and his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said ]\liles Ward the third aud his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said Samuel West aud his heirs, oue other fortj'-secqnd part to the said Samuel West, Jr., aud his heirs, one other forty-second part to the said William West and his heirs, oue other forty second part to the said B. West and his heirs, aud to their use and behoof respectively, forever; and I do covenant with the grantees aforenamed, their heirs and assigns, that I am lawfully seized in fee of the premises, that they are free of all incumbrances, that I have a good right to sell and convey the same to them, and that I will w.irrant aud defend the same to the grantees aforenamed, their heirs aud assigns, forever, against the law- ful claims and demands of all persons. In witness whereof I, the said John Nutting and Elizabeth mj' Avife (in token of her consent hereto and in bar of her right of dower herein), have hereunto set our hands and seals this 14th day of Feb., Anno Donii, 1772, and in the twelfth year of his majesty's Reign. Signed, sealed, and delivered, in presence of Peter Frye. Juo. Nutting and a seal. Russell Wyer. Eliz. Nutting and a seal. The words 'Jonathan Mansfield, gentleman."' in the first page and "two," in the second page were interlined, before sealing. 12 186 MEETING HOUSES. Essex ss. Salem, February 15, 1772. Then John Nutting, Esq., and Eliza. Nutting, abovenamed, personally appeared and acknowledged the aforewritten instrument, to be their free Act and Deed. Before Peter Frye, Justice of the Peace. Essex ss. Keceived on Record Sept. 2, 1772, recorded libro 130, folio 117, etc., and examined. Attest, John Higginson, Reg. Bond op James Andrew and others to John Nutting. Know all men by these presents that We James Andrew Housewright Joseph Blaney William Browne & Francis Cabot Esqrs William Clough mason Samuel Curwen Esqr Benjamin Daland yeoman Andrew Dalglish merchant Stephen Daniel Shipwright Mary Eden Widow John Felt Shore- man Samuel Field Boat builder Nathaniel Foster Tailor Robert Foster Blacksmith Weld Gardner and Henry Gardner Merchants Jonathan Gavet Cabinet maker Samuel Holman Hatter Edward Augustus Holyoke Esqr James King Shop keeper William Luscomb & William Luscomb junr & Joseph Mclntire Housewrights David Mason Gentleman Jonathan Mans- field Gentleman John Millet Cooper Eleazer Moses Sail maker Jeremiah Newhall Housewright Benjamin Pickman & Benjamin Pickmau junr Esqrs Clark Gayton Pickman & William Pickman Merchants Ebenezer Porter Housewright Daniel Ropes Cordwainer Samuel Symonds junr Shoreman* Joshua Wai'd Gentleman Richard Ward Tanner Miles Ward the third Housewrightf Samuel West Gentleman Samuel West junr Mariner William West Merchant and Benjamin West Mariner all of SaFem in the County of Essex are held and stand tirmly bound & obliged unto John Nutting of Salem aforesaid Esqr in the full and just sum of Three hundred and ninety one Pounds lawful money of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay to be paid unto the said John Nutting, his certain attorney, Executors, administrators, or assigns; To the which Payment well and truly to be made We bind ourselves our Heirs Executors and Administrators jointly & severally firmly hj these Presents Sealed with our Seals. Dated this fourteenth Day of February Aimo Domini one thousand seven hundred & seventy two and in the twelfth year of his Majesty's Reign. The condition of this present Obligation is such, that if the abovenamed Obligors their Heirs Executors, or Administrators or any of them shall & do well & truly pay, or cause to be paid unto the above named John Nut- ting his Heirs Executors administrators or assigns the full sum of one hundred and ninety five Pounds six Shillings and ten Pence of like lawful * Overwritten, f Overwritten "Glaziers." MEETING HOUSES. 187 money of the Province aforesaid witli lawful Interest for the same on or before the fourteenth Day of February which will be in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred & seventy three without Fraud, Coveu or further Dela}' then the foregoin*:: obligation to be void and of none Effect ; otherwise to abide and remain in full Force and Virtue. Signed, Sealed & delivered in presence of us Kussell Wyer William Clark James Andrew L. S. Joseph Blaney L. S. Willm Browne L. S. Francis Cabot L. S. William Clough L. S. Saml Curweu L. S. Benja Daland L. S. Audw Dalglish L. S. Stephen Dauiell L. S. meary edeu L. S. John Felt L. S. Saml Field L. S. Nathael Foster L. S. Robert Foster L. S. Weld Gardner L. S- Heuiy Gardner L. S. Jonathan Gavet L. S. Saml HolraauL. S. E. A. Ilolyoke L. S. James King L. S. AVilliam Luscomb L. S. William Luscomb jr L. S. Joseph mackintire L. S. David Mason L. S. Jonathan mansfield L. S. John Millet L. S. Eleazer Moses L. S. Jeremiah Newhall L. S. Benj Pickman L. S. Benja Pickman juur L. S. C. G. Pickman L. S. Wm Pickman L. S. Ebener Porter L. S. Daniel Kopes L. S. Saml Symouds Jr L. S. Joshua Ward L. S. Eichard Ward L. S. M Ward tert L. S. Saml West L. S. Saml West Jnr L. S. Willm West L. S. Benj. West L. S. 14: Feby 1773 Reed 11-14-5 Interest upon the within Bond & fourteen Pounds fourteen shillings and eight pence of the Principal. 17 Feby 1774. Reed 5£ IG in part of Interest bj^ D. Ropcs's note of Hand also 5£ 0-2 in full for Interest to the 13 Febry 1774 also 12-2 in part of Principal so that there is due of the Principal 180-0-0. Salem 21 Febry 1775 Reed of Col. Pickman four Pounds and three pence half penny in part for Interest to the 14 Febry Inst. Salem 24 Janiy 177G Reed 17-4-8 in full for Interest to the 14 of Febry next. Salem 14 Febry 1777 Reed Interest in full to this date. Reed Interest to the 14 Febry 1778. Reed Interest to 14 Febiy 1779. Reed : Interest in full to Febry 14th 1780. J. Nutting. Reed Interest in full to 14 Febry 1781. Reed January 22d 1782 Ten pounds & sixteen Shillings Silver lawful money in full for the Interest of this Bond to the fourteenth day of Feb- ruary next — also reed one hundred & twenty Seven pounds and six Shil- 188 MEETING HOUSES. lings Silver lawful monej' in part of the Principal and there is now clue on this Bond Fifty two pounds & fourteen Shillings Silver lawful money. Reed Pr Jno. Nutting. Salem May 7th 1784 Reed two years Interest for the above Sura. Jno. Nutting. Salem March 8th 1785. Reed Interest for the above sum for one year. Reed thirty Eight Pounds eighteen & six pence part of Principal of the above-Bond. p Jno Nutting. Remains Thirteen Pounds fifteen Shillings & Six pence Principal. Reed of Mr. Rich Ward Treasurer Eleven Pounds 7-2 in a Note of Hand in full of the within Ballauce this 6th Sept 1786. Benj. Pickman. Deed of Pew 60 to John Dabney. Know all Men by these Presents, That we Edward Angustus Holynke Benjamin Pickman, Joseph Hiller and Jacob Ashton Esquires Samuel Hol- man Hatter Henry Bust merchant Ililes Ward junr merchant Jacob Sander- son cabinetmaker and Abijah Northey shopkeeper a Committee appointed by the Proprietors of the North Meeting-House in Salem to sell and convey the Pews in the same House, in Consideration of Forty three Dollars and thirty three Cents Lawful Money, paid us by John Dabney of Salem in the County of Essex bookseller the Receipt whereof we do hereby acknowl- edge, do hereby Give, Grant, Sell and Convey to the said John Dabney his Heirs and Assigns, a certain Pew on the floor of the same House, marked No. 60 with Appurtenances. To Have and to Hold the same to the said John Dabney his Heirs and Assigns; subject, nevertheless, to all legal Votes and Orders of the Proprietors of the Pews in the same House, made for the Settlement and Support of a Minister or Ministers, from Time to Time, as there shall be Occasion ; and also for the necessary Repairs of the same House ; and for the Payment of an Annuity of five Pounds SIX Shillings and eight Pence, Lawful Money, to the Widow Eliza- beth Henderson, for and during her natural Life, and for incidental charges, but free of all other Incumbrances. In Witness whei'eof we have hereunto set our Hands and Seals, the Thirtyeth Day of 3Iarch A. D. 1796. Signed, sealed and delivered 1 E. A. Holyoke [L. S.] in presence of us ! Benja Pickman [L. S.] Wm West I Jos Hiller [L. S.] Richard Ward J Jacob Ashton [L. S.] Sam'l Holman [L. S.] Henry Rust [L. S.] Miles Wardjnr [L. S.] Jacob Sanderson [L. S.] Abijah Northey [L. S.] Proprietors Committee. MEETING HOUSES. 189 Essex, ss. April 2d, 179G. Then Edward Au(iiistiis Ilulyoke, Benjamin Pickman Joseph HiUcr Jacob Ashton Samuel Jlolman Henry Bust MUcs Ward Junr Jacob Sandcrtion and Ahijah Xorthoj abovonaiucd personally appeared and severall}^ acknowledged the above written Instrument to be their Deed. Before BICJIABD WABD, Justice of the peace. PuopRiETORs' Meeting May 27, 183G. The following votes were adopted : — The said corporation will accept the conveyance of said New Meeting house and land, upon the following conditions, viz: — 1st. That the old meeting house, land and appui-teuances, the bell, organ and clock, shall be sold for the most the same will bring. 2d. That the proceeds of said sale, shall be appropriated and applied as follows, viz: — in the first place, to the full payment and discharge of all the debts due from said corporation, and that the surplus shall be appor- tioned and divided among all the owners of pews, not held by the corpo- ration, upon the following appraisement, that is to say, upon the original valuation of said pews, as the same is and long has been used for the assessment of tiie annual tax. 3rd. The Proprietors will occupy said New Meeting House as their place of worship. 4th. That a committee of live be appointed to make sale of the property for the most it will bring, and to take all proper measures to carry the vote into efl'ect; and the following named gentlemen were chosen for that pur- pose with authority to give a deed of the land. John G. King, Wm. H. Foster, Nathaniel Saltonstall, George Peabody and Emerj^ Johnson. Voted, That the same committee be authorized to execute an agreement with the subscribers to the new house in relation to the reservation of the proceeds of the sale of pews in said house for reimbursing them for the expense of building the same. The old Meeting Mouse was in accordance with the above votes, sold at public auction on Monday June 27, 183G, with its appen- dages. T. P. Pingree, Esq., bought the house for ^2,325, G. Tucker, Esq., bought for the New Church the organ at $G00, and the bell at 281 cents per lb. (about S300). The clock and drapery sold for about $100 more. The net proceeds of the sale were divided in accordance with the above votes. THE SECOND MEETING HOUSE. isse - isrs, The first Meeting house was often opened for public services. On Friday, July 4, 1834, its use was granted to "the Apprentices of Salem" for the delivery of an eulogy on Lafaj-ette by Rev. Dr. James Flint. Soon after the audience had assembled, a defect in the flooring was detected, though not of sufficient importance to interrupt the exercises. On the following day an examination of the building was made, and the results communicated to the proprietors at a meeting held on Monday the 9th inst. ; thereupon (190) MEETING HOUSES. 191 a committee, Col. B. Piekman, chairman, was appointed to take into consideration the condition of the house, and to report at a future meeting. Tlie fu-st meeting of this committee was held in the house of the chairman, the same house (see page 154) in which the mem- bers of the church assembled for organization in 1772, then owned and occupied by the grandfather of the owner, the first Col. Ben- jamin Piekman. At a proprietors' meeting on Monday, July 21, 1834, the recom- mendations of the committee were adopted, that it is expedient to erect a new Meeting House by a subscription in shares, upon the basis that the subscribers are to be indemnified for the expense, from the proceeds of the sale of the pews in the said house, and the appointment of a committee to ascertain whether a suitable lot of land for a Meeting House can be procured at a satisfactory price, and also to procure subscribers for shares and to report at an adjournment. At a meeting, Thursdaj^, July 31, 1834, in accordance with the recommendation of the committee it was Voted, That the said subscribers, with such others as may here- after sign the subscription paper, may purchase land and erect a Meeting House thereon, and may hold the pews in the same and sell and dispose of the same at such times, and in such manner as they may think expedient to indemnify themselves for the cost and expense they may incur in the premises. At a meeting of the subscribers, Sept. 3, 1834, it was stated that the sum subscribed for the new church was twentj^-five thousand dollars. A building committee was appointed, comprising Gideon Tucker, George Peabodj^, John W. Rogers, John C. Lee, George "Wheatland, P. I. Farnham, Allen Putnam. The committee was authorized to purchase such parcel or parcels of land as may be deemed necessary, and to take a deed or deeds thereof in their names for the use and benefit of said association. 192 MEETING HOUSES. and to make contracts for the erection of a new Meeting House of such materials, and in such general form and manner as may be agreed upon by a vote of the subscribers. At a meeting Sept. 6, 1834, the committee reported that they had purchased land on Essex street of Mr. Savage, Dr. Treadwell and Mr. Oliver, about one hundred and twelve feet on said street, and recommend the erection of the church with rough granite of the Gothic order, which they think can be done for the sum of nineteen thousand dollars ($19,000) exclusive of the cost of the land ; the front end to be either of Quincy or Gloucester stone, with butts, beds and builds. A drawing of the front of the church was exhibited and the dimensions given. During the autumn and winter the foundation was laid. Laying of the Corner-stone. Saturday, May 16, 1835, the Corner-stone was laid with appro- priate religious services. The devotional exercises were performed by the Rev. Dr. Flint. Previously to the ceremony of laying the Corner-stone the audience was addressed by the Pastor of the Church, Rev. John Brazer, as follows : — " "We are called together my Christian brethren and friends, on an occa- sion of deep and solemn interest. It is to lay the Corner-stone of a new edifice, which is to be consecrated to the purposes of public religious instruction and of social worship. We would commence the service by invoking the blessing of Almighty God upon it, without whose aid all human labors are ineft'ectual, and all efforts are vain. We lay this Corner-stone, as those who duly estimate and value the public institutions of Christianity ; who believe them to be appointed and approved of God, and essential to the maintenance of good government, public peace, and social order; and who regard them as an inestimable means of instruction, improvement and satisfaction to the undying soul. We lay this Corner-stone, as the children, subjects and worshippers of the one and only true God ; as the disciples of Jesus Christ, His Son (our Lord and Saviour) ; and as those who rely on the blessed influence of God's Holy Spirit, in rendering effectual upon our hearts all the means of religious improvement. MEETING HOUSES. 193 We lay this Corner-stone, as tlie friends, asscrtors and defenders, of the great and leading principles of Protestant Christianity; namely, the sufflcieuey of the Scriptures as the Hule of Life, and Charter of inmiortal hopes; and of the invalualjle and inalienable right of private judgment. We lay tliis Corner-stone, in a spirit of Christian Love towards all our Christian Brethren, of every sect and name. And while, in the language of the Saviour, we believe it to be '"life eternal to know the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom he hath sent;" and while we prize our distinctive principles as Christians above all earthly good, yet we cheerfully accord to all others the rights and privileges of thinking and acting, wiiich we claim in our own behalf. And our constant prayer for them, as for our- selves, is — that they, as well as we, may ever keep the mind open to further light, and fuller developments of Divine Faith. We lay this Corner-stone in the earnest hope that here may rise a temple, where we, and our children, and children's children, in a long succession of generations, may meet to unite in holy services ; where the whole "truth, as it is in Jesus," shall be "spoken in love;" and be re- ceived into "honest and good hearts;" where the principles of free, but humble and sober inquiry shall ever be maintained; where every secret and every presumptuous sin shall be faithfully rebuked ; where the atten- tion of the thoughtless shall be arrested, the wanderer recalled, the guilty reclaimed, and all shall be guarded and strengthened against the tempta- tions of life; where pious sentiments shall be excited, pure aflections nurtured, good resolutions formed, good purposes established, and good principles confirmed ; where prayers and hymns of praise shall rise from devout, grateful and contrite hearts, and ascend to the Father of our Spirits; where the Saviour's love, which was stronger than death, shall be gratefully commemorated, and all the sacred rites of his i-eligiou be duly honored and observed; where all the consoling and sustaining influ- ences of the Everlasting Gospel shall be fully realized, and tenderly felt; and where all persons, of every age and condition, in a continually grow- ing holiness, and ever increasing likeness to God, shall become, through his grace in Christ Jesus, prepared for that "Temple not made with hands," eternal in the heavens. We close this part of the service as we began. And devoutly and reuewedly imploring the favor of the Most High God upon this under- taking, commend it, reverentially and fervently, to His fostering and pro- tecting care. A copper box was then deposited under the Corner-stone, by Deacon Edward Brown. It contained the following articles. A silver plate, having engraved upon it the date of erection, the name of the pastor of the North Society, the Committee for building the church, the Carpenter, Masons, and Architect; a roll of parchment, containing a copy of the Kcv. John Brazer's address at the laying of the Corner-stone; 194 MEETING HOUSES. parchment, containing a list of the subscribers to the erection of the new church; parchment, containing the names of all the Pastors of the North Society, the dates of their ordinations and deaths ; a copy of the Poly- glot Bible, English Version; the American Almanac and Eepository of Useful Knowledge, for 1835; Farmer's Almanac, 1835, by Thomas Spoflbrd ; Old Farmer's Almanac, 1835, by Robert B. Thomas ; a Catalogue of the Members of the North Church, in Salem, with an Historical Sketch of the Church; a Discourse on the Efficacy of Prayer, by Rev. John Bra- zer; a Discourse at the Interment of Dr. Holyoke, by Rev. John Brazer; a Discourse at the Ordination of the Rev. A. Bigelow, by Rev. John Bra- zer ; an article on the Power of Unitarianism over the Affections, by Rev. John Brazer, and a Tract, Some Uses of Affliction, by Rev. John Brazer. Salem Observer, Saturday, May 9, 1835 ; Essex Register, Monday, May 11, 1835; Essex Register, Thursday, May 14, 1835; Lighthouse, Monday, May 11, 1835; Salem Gazette, Tuesday, May 12, 1835; Salem Gazette, Friday, May 15, 1835; Commercial Advertiser, Wednesday, May 13, 1835; Salem Mercury, Wednesday, May 13, 1835 ; Landmark, Wednesday, May 13, 1835. Dedication. The House was dedicated on "Wednesday, June 22, 1836, in the forenoon. The introductory prayer was by Rev. Mr. Bartlett, of Marble- head, prayer of dedication by Rev. Mr. Upham, and a dedication hymn by a member of the society (Jones Very) . We seek the truth which Jesus brought; His path of light we long to tread ; Here be his holy doctrines taught, And here, their purest influence shed. May faith and hope, and love abound ; Our sins and errors be forgiven ; And we, in thy great day, be found Children of God, and heirs of heaven. To pour in music's solemn strain The heart's deep tide of grateful love ; And kindle in thine earthly fane A spirit for his home above, Thou bad'st him on thine altar lay The holy thought, the pure desire. That light within a brighter ray Than sun-beam's glance, or. vestal fire. MEETING HOUSES. 195 'Twill burn, wliou heaven's high altar-flame On yon blue height hath ceasetl to glow; And o'er dark earth's dissolving frame The sun-light of the spirit throw. Father! witliin thy courts we bow, To ask thy blessing, seek tliy grace ; O smile upon thy children now ! Look down on this, thy liallowed place. And when its trembling walls shall feel Time's heavy hand upon them rest ; Thy nearer presence. Lord ! reveal, And make thy children wholly blest. The sermon by the Pastor, was marked by the just and vig- orous thought, and the nervoiTS and appropriate language, which uniformly characterized Mr. Brazer's public performances. The text, was from I Corinthians, chap, iii, verse 16, "Knowj'c not that ye are the temples of God." The concluding prayer was by Rev. Mr. Thayer of Beverly, and the benediction by the Pastor. Subscribers to the New Building. List of names of the subscribers, to build a stone church. 248 shares. Amount $24,800. Caleb Foote, . . . $100 James D. Gillis, ... 200 Nancy D. Gay, ... 300 Chas. Hoffman, ... 200 F. Howes and Miss Burley, 900 Oliver Hubbard, ... 400 William Ives, ... 100 Emery Johnson, . . . 300 E. K. Lakeman, . . . 300 Asa Larasou, Jr., . . . 100 John C. Lee, .... 1,000 Daniel Lord, ... 100 Nath. J. Lord, ... 100 John H. Nichols, ... 100 Nath. W. Osgood, . . 100 Rebecca Osgood, . . . 200 $9,400 Catherine Andrew . $800 John P. Andrews, 100 Nancy Andrews, 300 James N. Archer, 100 Thos. P. Bancroft 200 Gideon Barstow, 500 Timo. Brooks, 100 Geo. C. Chase, 100 James W. Chever, 150 Amos Choate, 400 Francis Choate, 200 Thomas Cole, 100 Samuel Cook, 150 David Cummins, 600 Aaron Endicott, 100 Nathan Endicott, 400 P. I. FarnJiam, 600 196 MEETING HOUSES. BroiKjht forward, #9,400 Edw. H. Paysou, . 100 Francis Peabody, . 500 George Peabody, . 500 Joseph Peabody, . 3,500 Joseph W. Peabody, . 400 Nath. Peabody, . 100 Beuj. Pickman, 2,000 D. L. Pickman, , . 1,800 L. Rawlins Pickman, . 300 Wm. Pickman, 1,200 P. P. Pinel, . 200 Allen Putnam, 300 Arch. Rea, John W. Rogers, . N. L. Rogers, Leverett Saltonstall, Nath. Saltonstall, . Eben Shillaber, Jesse Smith, Jr., . Benj. W. Stone, . Chas. Treadwell, . Gideon Tucker, Ichabod Tucker, . Stephen Webb, . Geo. Wheatland, . $300 700 400 600 500 100 100 200 200 400 500 100 400 $24,800 Sale of Pews, etc. At a Meeting of the subscribers to tlie New Cliurch, June 11, 1836, Voted, The Trustees (Gideon Tucker, John W. Rogers and John C. Lee,) be authorized to convey the Meeting House and laud to the North Society on the above named conditions. Voted, That the power to sell the pews be vested in the Trustees. Voted, That the Trustees be authorized to purchase the organ and bell together with any article of furniture in the old church, they shall deem expedient. In the afternoon of the day of the dedication, fifty-one of the pews were sold at public auction for upwards of $4,000 more than their appraisement. The whole amount of sales was about $20,000. The highest sum for a choice was $370. Cost of the New House. Memorandum of cost of North Stone Church. The Building, Land, Organ, .$70G 50 Bell, 342 25 Furniture, 909 21 Fence, Stone Posts, Paving, etc., . . 1,157 34 Yard, Trees, etc., 140 75 $22,494 33 6,758 98 3.256 05 $32,509 36 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 197 Vestry. Ill accordance with the desire of the pastor, a considerable sum having been obtained by a snbscription, the proprietors, at the annual meeting, April 2G, 1853, granted an appropriation in aid of the erection of a wooden building, on land north of the church, to accommodate the Sunday School, and for other purposes. The building was erected during the summer of 1853, and when ready for occupancy, the rooms, prcviousl}^ used, in the basement of the church, were vacated, not being considered suitable. PKOrRIETORS AND OCCUPANTS OF PEWS IN THE FIRST MEETING. HOUSE. The following names were obtained from an examination of lists of the proprietors or occupants of pews, in the years 1772-1802- 1820-1829 and. 1836, which have come into our possession. A ver}' large portion of the heads of families that were wont to worship in the first house are included in this enumeration, al- though mau}^ who were connected with the society for short periods, during the intervals between the above named dates, are unavoidably omitted. 1. Abbot, George, son of George and Hannah (Lovejoy) Abbot, b. at Andover, Feb. 9, 1748; d. at Salem, Oct. 5, 1784; m. Feb. 22, 1772, Pris- cilla, dau. of Dr. Joseph and Eliza (Boardman) Manning of Ipswich; she d. at Salem, March, 1804. A trader. He was one of the volunteers of the Rhode Island Expedition, in 1778. 2. Andrew, James, son of William Andrew, b. in Salem village, North Danvers; bapt. June 25, 1732; m. Mary Glover of Salem in 1758, who d., July, 1821, aged 83; d. in Salem, New Hampshire, Jan., 1820. A housewright. 3. Andrews, Joseph, son of James and Mary (Glover) Andrews, b. at Salem, July 1, 1773; d. Aug. 13, 1824; m. May 14, 1797, Mary Bell of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Merchant. "N 198 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 4. Andrews, John Hancock, son of James and Mary (Glover) Andrews, b. at Salem, July 8, 1776; d. Aug. 5, 1832; m. Nancy, dau. of Samuel and Rebecca Page of Danvers, who d. Aug. 19, 1852, aged 70. Merchant. 5. Andrew, John, sou of John and Elizabeth (Watson) Andrew, b. at Salem, July 9, 1774; d. July 7, 1829; m. Sept. 30, 1804, Catherine, dau. of Simon and Rachel (Hathorne) Forrester (b. March. 7>1780; d. July 14, 1845). Merchant in Salem. For several years he had resided in Russia, a commission merchant. 6. Andrews, Ferdinand, son of Ephraim and Lucy (Lane) Andrews of Hingharn, b. May 20, 1802; m. April 7, 1825, Elizabeth, dau. of John and Betsey (Putnam) Derby of Salem (b. July 16, 1804). A printer, formerly conducted the "Salem Gazette," also, the "Landmark" at Salem. Re- sided since in Boston, Lancaster and Washington, D. C 7. Andrews, Nehemiah, b. Feb., 1753; d. Feb. 16, 1800; ra. Aug. 7, 1772, Catherine Seamore (b. Jan., 1749; d. March 23, 1802). Master mariner. 8. Andrews, Daniel, son of Nehemiah and Catherine (Seamore) An- drews, b. Sept. 23, 1779; d. Dec. 20, 1820; m. Sept. 20, 1807, Esther Holt (b. Dec. 9, 1781, for many years after the death of her husband a school teacher, in the eastern section of the city). A master mariner. 9. Andrews, Nehemiah, son of Nehemiah and Catherine (Seamore) Andrews, b. Dec. 9, 1781; d. Nov., 1820, aged 40. Master mariner. 10. Archer, Samuel, son of Samuel and Dorothy (Ropes) Archer, b. April 1, 1742; d. Oct. 19, 1825; m. Aug. 31, 1762, Mary Woodvvell; 2d, May 13, 1813, Mary Bufi'ton; he was a hardware dealer and had his shop on the north side of Old Paved street, near 252 Essex street. 11. Archer, John, carpenter; d. Dec. 27, 1829 (aged 71). 12. Archer, James, m. June 27, 1790, Priscilla, dau. of Daniel and Pris- cilla (Lambert) Ropes (b. Jan. 4, 1765; d. Apr. 24, 1843); he died Nov., 1802, aged 40. 13. Archer, James Norris, son of James and Priscilla (Ropes) Archer, bapt. July 26, 1801 ; d. at Salem, May 7, 1852, aged 51 ; m., 1st, Sarah, dau. of Jacob Lee ; 2d, Charlotte Baker. Auctioneer and commission merchant. 14. Ashton, Jacob, son of Jacob and Mary (Ropes) Ashton, b. Sept. 5, 1744; gr. Harv. Coll. 1766; d. Dec. 28, 1829; m. May 16, 1771, Susanna, dau. of Richard and Hannah (Hubbard) Lee (b. Apr. 15, 1747; d. Apr. 21, 1817). A merchant; for many years President of Salem Marine Insurance Company. 15. Balch, Benjamin, son of William and Rebecca (Bailey) Balch, and grandson of Rev. William Balch, who settled over the Church and Society of East Bradford as their first minister, in 1728 ; b. in East Bradford, Nov. 9, 1774, came to Salem, July 13, 1796; m. Dec. 4, 1800, Lois, dau. of Wil- liam Phippen. (No. 207). d. June 6, 1860. A watchmaker. 16. Bacon, Jacob (Dr.) d. July, 1816, aged 65. His wife Sarah, d. Apr. 17, 1785, aged 41. m. Sept. 16, 1790, Sarah Adams. PROPRIETOUS OF FIRST HOUSE. 199 17. Banchoft, Thomas Poyntox, son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Ives) Bancroft, b, at Sak-m, Dec. 20, 1798; d. at New Orleans, March IG, 1852; ni. Dec. 9, 1822, Hannah, dau. of Samuel (No. ^28.) and Sarah (Gool) Tut- uam (b. June 21, 1799; d. Aug. 4, 1872). Merchant in Salem and Boston. 18. Baunaud, Edward, son of Rev. Edward and Sarah (Gary) Barnard, of Haverhill, b. at Haverhill, Sept. 28, 1755; gr. Harv. Coll. 1774; d. Dec. 13, 1822; m. in 1780, Judith, dau. of Benjamin and Elizabeth Herbert of Salem; she d. July 31, 1845, aged 90. An apothecary. 19. Barxahd, Edwahd, son of Edward and Judith (Herbert) Barnard, b. at Salem, and d. Dec. 12, 1859, aged 77; m. May 4, 1808, Elizabeth Martin; 2d, Julia Ryan. Master mariner. 20. Bakstow, Gideon, sou of Gideon and Anna (Mead) Barstow, b. at Mattapoiset, Sept. 7, 1783; d. in St. Augustine, Fla., where he had gone for his health, March 26, 1852; m. Nancy, dau. of Simou and Rachel (Hathorue) Forrester, who now resides in Boston. He was first a prac- tising physician, afterwards a merchant in Salem; member of both branches of Massachusetts Legislature, Representative to Congress, 1821-3. 21. Bartoll, Samuel, Revolutionary Pensioner, an orna- mental painter, etc., d. Jan. 24, 1835, aged 70. Hannah, widow, d. March 9, 1836, aged 78. 22. Barton, Caleb, son of Joseph and Mary (Wescott) Barton, b. June 2, 1775; d. at Salem, Sept. 5, 1820; m. Rachel Thompson of Chester, N. H. (d. at Salem, March 20, 1822, aged 45). Au inuholder, kept Salem Hotel, he was commander of the Essex Hussars. 23. Barton, Jabez W. son of Caleb and Rachel (Thompson) Barton, b. in Chester, Vt., Sept. 20, 1802; m. Rebecca F. Rogers of Billerica. Inn- holder, succeeded his father in the Salem Hotel; afterwards moved to Boston and had charge of several of the leading hotels. 24. Blaney, Josepu, son of Joseph and Elizabeth Blaney, b. at Marble- head. Feb. 12, 1730; gr. Harv. Coll. 1751; m. May 19, 1757, Abigail, dau. of Sanuiel and Catherine (Winthrop) Browne of Salem (b. April 27, 1735; d. Dec. 22, 1776). After his marriage he removed to Salem. A merchant, and for many years one of the Selectmen ; d. at Salem, Juue, 1786. 25. BoTT, James, a native of Tudbury, England, came to this country before the Revolution and settled in Salem. A chaise and harness maker, shop north side of Essex near Beckford street; m., 1st, Dolly Newhall of Lynnfield; 2d, Ruth Hathorne of Salem; 3rd, Phebe Newhall, of Lynn- field. He died Dec. 30, 1829. 26. Bray, Daniel, sou ol Daniel and Mary (Ingalls) Bray, ra. Mary Hodgdon, who d. Oct. 9, 1852, aged 71 ; he d. Feb. 24, 1850, aged 72. A master mariner. 27. BuiGGS, Cornelius, son of William and Mary (Copeland) Briggs, b. at Scituate Mass. Aug. 2, 1776, came to Salem in 1793; m. Oct. 28, 1807, Naucy, dau. of Samuel aud Desire (Foster) Tucker ; she d. May 15, 1862, aged 78; he d. Sept. 12, 1838, at Salem. A shipwright. 200 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 28. Briggs, Elijah, sou of William aud Mary (Copelaud) Briggs, b. in Scituate, Mass., July 17, 1762; m. Aug. 6, 1789, Hannah, dau. of James and Prudence (Proctor) Bufflngton of Salem (b. Jan. 30, 17G7; d. May 29, 1847) ; he d. in Salem, Aug. 24, 1838. A shipwright. 29. Bkiggs, Lemuel, son of William aud Mary (Copelaud) Briggs, b. in Scitaate, March 25, 1765; d. at Salem, Sept. 25, 1844, aged 79; m. May 26, 1793, widow Elizabeth Wymau (b. Jan. 12, 1767; d. Oct. 1806); m., 2d, Dec. 31, 1807, Phebe, dau. of John aud Phebe (Tidd) Wright, (b. July 20, 1764; d. Aug. 24, 1844), aged 80. A ship carpenter. 30. BniGHT, Jonathan, — '■ upholsterer; d. June 1817, aged 49. 31. BaooKHOUSE, Robert, sou of Robert and Elizabeth (Reeves) Brook- house, b. Dec. 8, 1779: m., 1st, Martha Farley; m., 2d, Eliza W. Grafton; m., 3rd, Mary Follausbee; d. June 10, 1866. Merchant. 32. Brooks, Timothy, son of Timothy and Abigail Brooks, m. Feb., 1809, Mary Kiug Mason ; d. March 2, 1862. aged 75. A grocer. 33. Brown, Abraham, a brother of Thomas. (No. 36.) 34. Brown, Bartholomew, Jr. sou of Bartholomew and Sarah (Rea) Brown; bapt. Jan'y 27, 1750, at the Salem village (Danvers) ; m. Mehit- able Flint; d. iu Salem, Nov. 10, 1805. Housewright. 35. Brown, Edward, son of Thomas and Elizabeth Brown, b. at Wen- ham, April 8, 1756; m. Catherine (b. 1760; d. Feb. 10, 1831), aged 71 years. A carpenter. He d. June 10, 1844, aged 88. 36. Brown, Thomas, m. July 2, 1769, Margaret Skerry. A carpenter. d. July 1793, aged 46. 37. Browne, William, son of Samuel aud Catherine (Wiuthrop) Browne, gr. Ilarv. Coll. 1755; m. in 1774, Rutli, dau. of Gov. Wanton of Rhode Island. A judge of the Supreme Court, a colonel of the Essex Reo-iment, left iu 1775; a refugee. Governor of Bermuda iu 1782; d. iu Loudon, England, Feb. 13, 1802, aged 65. 38. Bryant, Timothy, son of Timothy and Rebecca Bryaut, b. at Cambridge; m. Sept. 10, 1786, Lydia Brookhouse, who d. Dec. 7, 1844, aged 76. Master mariner, he d. at Salem, Apr. 3, 1838. 39. BuFFiNGTON, James, SOU of James and Prudence (Proctor) Bufhug- tou, m. Abigail Osborn March 31, 1798; d. at Newmrrket, N. H., on a visit, April 28, 1838, aged 67. A master mariner. 40. BuFFUM, James R., a bookseller for many years iu Salem ; m. Susan Mansfield; d. Feb. 12, 1863, aged 68 years. 41. Bukchmore, Zachariah, son of Zachariah and Mary (Leach) Burch- more, m. Sarah Daniels, Jan. 8, 1770; d. May 15, 1807, aged 64. Master mariner and merchant, widely known, aud greatly respected. 42. BuRCiiMORE, Hannah L., dau. of Zachariah and Sarah (Daniels) Burchmore, d. Aug. 8, 1843, aged 57. Unmarried. 43. Burnham, John, son of John aud Elizabeth (McTntire) Burnham, b. Nov. 19, 1800; m. Jan. 17, 1826, Sophia Jane Feltou of Lyunfield; (J. _ A master mariner. 44. Cabot, Francis, son of John and Anna (Orne) Cabot, married, rUOI'KlKTOKS OF FIRST IIOUSF. 201 Juno 20, 174."), Mary Filcli.of rorlsuioutli. N. II., slic d. June IT., 175f, ; ni. 2d, Mrs. Kli/.abotli GurdntT, who d. June 14, 178."., aged 08. He d. April 13, 178G. .\n eniincut niercliant in Salem. 45. Cabot, William, son of Fianeis and Mar}' (Fitch) Cabot, bapt. May 3, 17o2; d. unmarried at Cambrldgoport, Mass., Oct. 22, 1828, aged 7G. 4G. Caunes, Jonathan, son of Joiiu and Hannah Carfies, bapt. May 29, 1757; d. Dec. 10, 1827. Master mariner, one of the earliest navigators from Salem to the East Indies; m. April 2G, 1784, Rebecca, dan. of Wm. (No. 280) and Mary (Clark) Vans, who d. Nov. 1), 1846, aged 83. 47. Chadwiciv, GiLnKur, b. at Boxford, Oct. 2, 1748; d. at Salem, Nov. 10, 1829, aged 82. Butcher in Salem. 48. CiiADWiCK, John, son of Gilbert(No. 47) and Elizabeth (Kimball) Chadwick, d. May 11, 18G8, aged 77 years; m. June 10, 1824, Elizabeth W. dau. of Israel and Elizabeth (Waite) Williams, who d. Oct. 15, 1870, aged 72 years. For many years cashier of Exchange Bank. 49. CiiANDLEU, John, b. March 25, 1752; d. March 4, 1821; ra. Sarah Dodge, (b. July IG, 1753; d. Sept. 11, 1835). An officer of the Revolution. Housewright. 50. CiiANDi.Kii, Joseph Dodgk, son of John and Sarali (Dodge) Chand- ler, b. at Salem, March 14, 1789; m. Mary Mc'Donald, June 12, 1827; d. May 17, 1801. Druggist and Grocer. 51. Chapman, Benmamin, son of Isaac and Hannah (Dean) Chapman, bapt. April 8, 1739; m. 1st, Sarah Bullington; 2d, Sarah Henderson; d. about 1783. A mariner. 52. Chapman, George, son of Isaac and Hannah (Dean) Cliapman, bapt. July 26, 1741; m. Nov. 1, 1762, Lydia, dau. of Edmund and Lydia (Hardy) Henfield (b. Dec. 28, 1745; d. March. 8, 1830). In early life actively engaged in maiitirae pursuits. In 1798 appointed first keeper of lights on Baker's Island and continued 17 years. Died March 20, 1824, aged 84. 53. Chase, Geouge C, son of Henry and Betsey (Abbot) Chase, b. at Salem, .May 2, 1803; m. Mary, dau. of Daniel Bray, Jr. (No. 26). Agent Forest River Lead Company in Salem. 54. Choate, Amos, son of Stephen Choate of IpsAvich, m., 1st, Lucy dau. of Aaron and Lucy (Baker) Smith of Ipswich; she died Jan. 12, 1833, aged 52; 2d, Mehitable, dau. of Jonathan and Mehitable (Eden) Neal of Salem, who d. Oct. 20, 1856, aged 73. Merchant ; for many years Register of Deeds of Essex; d. at Salem, Aug. 7, 1844, aged 69. 55. Churchill, Benmamin King, son of Joseph and Ann (Northcy) Churchill, b. in Kennebunk, Me., July 13, 1774; d. at Hamlet, R. I., April 24, 1858, aged 83; m. 1st, Clarissa Eaton; 2d, March 3, 1822, Eliza, dau. of Samuel Holman (No. 134) and widow of Henry L. Norris ; lived in Salem many years. A master mariner. 56. Cl^-veland, Charles, son of Aaron and Aljiah (Hyde) Cleveland, b. June 21, 1772; m. Mehitable. dau. of John Treadwell (No. 271). Merchant in Salem, afterwards, many years the venerable city missionary of Bos- ton ; d. in Boston, June 5, 1872. 13 202 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 57. CLOUGn, William, a mason ; m. widow Margery Mansfield. 58. Cloutman, JosKPii, son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Frye) Clout- man, b. Dec. 31, 1796; m. Oct. 12, 1824, Lydia L., dan. of William Rich- ardson. Trader, afterwards town and city clerli, from 1833 to 1803 ; he d. March 10, 1872. 59. Cloutman, Egbert F., brother of the preceding, m. June 23, 1811, Mary Ann Fenno, who d. May, 1813, aged 23; he d. at Charleston, S. C, Feb. 2, 1821, aged 35. Hardware dealer. 60. Cole, Thomas, sou of Jonathan and Hannah (Palfrey) Cole, b. In Boston, Dec. 24, 1779; gr. Harv. Coll. 1798; m. 1st, Hannah L. Cogswell of Ipswich; m. 2d, Nancy D. Gay of Salem ; came to Salem in 1808, and was, many years, a successful teacher ; d. June 24, 1852. 61. Converse, Joshua, yeoman and victualler ; his widow Mary, d. Jan. 1822, aged 81. 62. Cook, Jonathan, son of Jonathan Cook, bapt. June 16, 1751; d. 1803. A shoresman. 63. Cook, Samuet-, son of Samuel and Abigail Cook, bapt. Sept. 18, 1737; d. Dec. 1813, aged 80. Mariner. 64. Cook, Samuel, sou of Stephen and Elizabeth (Newhall) Cook, m. Nov. 9, 1800, Sarah, dau. of James and Sarah (Brown) Chever; d. Dec. 10, 1861, aged 92. Master mariner, merchant. 65. Creamer, Benjamin, son of Dr. Edward and Eunice (Daland) Creamer, 1). at Boollibay, Me., May 11, 1794; m. May 1, 1821, Ann M. dau. of Capt. James and Mary (Doyle) Brace. Merchant; d. May 21, 1854. 66. Cummins, Davip, son of David and Mehitable (Cave) Cummins, b. at Topsfield, Aug. 14, 1785 ; read law with S. Putnam (No. 228) began to practise in Salem in 1809; removed after many years to Springfield, thence to Dorchester, where lie d. March 30, 1855; judge of C. C. P. from 1828 to death ; m. 1st, Sally, dau. of Daniel Porter of Topsfield ; 2d, Cathe- rine, and 3rd, Maria Franklin, daus. of Dr. Thomas Kittredge of Andover. 67. CuRWEN, Samuel, son of Rev. George and Mehitable CParkman) Curwen, b. Dec. 17, 1715; gr. Harv. Coll. 1735; m. May, 1750, Abigail, dau. of Hon. Daniel Rn.ssell of Charlestown. Judge of admiralty, mer- chant, refugee from May 12, 1775, to Sept., 1784; d. at Salem, April, 1802. 68. Gushing, Mrs. Sarah, dau. of Richard and Mehitable (Curwen) Ward, b. Aug. 1, 1769; m. James Gushing of Sauborntou, N. H., Dec. 1, 1793 (b. March 9, 1705; d. Sept, 7, 1796, at Alexandria. Merchant). She d. at New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y., June 9, 1862. 69. Gushing, Isaac, son of Dea. Isaac and Mary (Jones) Gushing of Hin"ham, b. in that town, Aug. 16, 1779 ; m. at Hingham, May 25, 1815, Elizabeth Shute, dau. of Dr. Daniel and Betsey (Gushing) Shute of Hing- ham (b. Oct. 9, 1791; d. at Fitchburg, April 28, 1852). They resided in Salem about ten years. He was a bookbinder, afterwards removed to Fitchburg where he d. Feb. 7, 1836, aged 56. 70. Gushing, Thomas G., son of Benjamin and Ruth (Croade) Gushing of Hingham, m. 1st, Sarah Dean of Salem ; 2d, Rachel Andrew of Hing- PROrRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 203 li;un; d. Sept. 28, 1824, aged GO; came to Salem and established a paper with John Dabney (No. 71) under the title of Salem Mercury ; 1st number issued Oct. 14, 178(J; the name was changed in 1790, to tliat of Salem Gazette ; also a bookseller, firm of Gushing and Appleton. 71. DA15XKY, John, son of Gharlcs and Elizabeth (Gardner) Dabney, b. at Boston, July 31, 1752; m. Abigail, dau. of Jonathan and Margaret (Mason) Peele (b. Nov. 1, 17G7; d. Sept. 17, 1834). Printer, bookseller, and for more than twenty years postmaster of Salem; d. Oct. 11, 181!). 72. D.vLAND, TucKUu, son of John and Betsey (Tucker) Daland, m. 1st, Eliza, dau. of Thomas Whittredge (No. 303) ; 2d, Eliza, dau. of James Silver; d. May 31, 1858, aged 03 years. Merchant in Salem. 73. D.vi.GLEiscn, Andijew, a merchant; a refugee in the Revolution. 74. Daniels, David, son of Asa and Bathsheba (Fairbanks) Daniels, b. at Medway, Nov. 25, 1757; gr. Harv. Coll. 1770; m. Betsey, dau. of Robert and Elizabeth (Proctor) Shillaber of Danvers. Studied divinity, preached a short time, but relinquished the profession on account of his liealth, afterwards engaged in trade; d. at Danvers, Dec. 10, 1827. 75. Daniels, Stephen, son of Stephen and Margaret Daniels, d. March 1805, aged SS. Shipwright. 76. Davidson, Moses, b. in Newburyport; m. Martha Ann Marsii of Amesbury. Carriage painter, resides at 20 Albion street, Salem. 77. Dean, Geokge, son of John and Rebecca (Bowers) Dean, b. Nov. 2, 1777; m. Judith, dau. of Euos Briggs ; d. March 12, 1831. A trader, colonel of Salem Regiment of Infantry. 78. Dewing, Josiaii, d. April, 1787. A victualler. 79. Dodge, Betsey W., dau. of Samuel and Sally (Pedrick) Waite, in. John Dodge, sou of Joshua and Elizabeth (Crowniushield) Dodge, a merchant, and captain of the Salem Cadets, who d. June, 1820, aged 36; d. June 25, 1829, aged 42. 79a. DuivEK, Stephen, sou of Stephen and Sara Driver, ra Ruth Met- calf, who d. Aug. 22, 1837, aged 67 ; d. March 24, 1850, aged 78. Cord- wainer. 80. Dutch, Daniel, b. at Ipswich; m. 1st, Sarah Dodge; 2d, Mrs. Lucy Staniford; d. Oct. 15, 1851, aged 86. For many years a deputy sherifl". 81. Eden, Mary, dau. of John and Mary (Dean) West, bapt. March 12, 1727; m. 1st, Aug. 9, 1745, John Beadle; 2d, July 11, 1751, Capt. Thomas Eden, who d. July 1, 1708, aged 45; she d. Aug., 1789. 82. Endicott, Aaron, son of Joseph and Sarah (Hathorne) Endicott, b. at Danvers, Sept. 12, 1770; m. Hannah Osgood of Salem; d. August 6, 1853, at Salem. Master mariner. 83. Endicott, Charles Moses, son of Moses and Anna (Towne) Endi- cott, b. at Danvers Dec. 6, 1793; received a mercantile education, super- cargo in the East India trade, President of the East India Marine Society,' Casliier of Salem Bank; m. Sarah R. dau. of Samuel and Sarah (Purbeck) Blythe; d. at Northampton, Dec. 15, 1803. 204 PROPKIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 8J:. ExDicoTT, Nathan, son of Moses and Anna (Towne) Euclicott, b. at Dauvers, Sept. 19, 1790; captain and supercargo, principally in the Rus- sian trade ; President of the Oriental Insurance Co. ; m. Margaret O. Hicks of Boston ; d. August 30, 1857. 85. Endicott, Samuel, son of John and Martha (Putnam) Eudicott, b. in Dunvers, June 1763; m. Elizabeth, dau. of William Putnam of Ster- ling; d. May 1, 1828. Master mariner and merchant. 86. Endicott, Timothy, son of John and Martha (Putnam) Endicott, b. July 27, 1785; m. Harriet Martin of Sterling; d. at Sterling. 87. EusTis, Joshua, b. June 15, 1758; m., Lydia, dau. of William and Mary (Waters) Shillaber of Dauvers; d. July 22, 1822. A trader in Salem. 88. Fabens, Benjamin, son of William (No. 89) and Rebecca (Gray) Fabens, b. Sept. 9, 1785; m. 1st, Hannah Stone; 2d, Mary Tay; d. May 24, 1850. A merchant. 89. Fabens, William, son of James and Sarah (Henderson) Fabens, m. Rebecca Gray, who d. Nov. 11, 1837, aged 75 ; d. April 10, 1828. Merchant. 90. Fabens, William, son of William (No. 89) and Rebecca (Gray) Fabens, b. Dec. 1, 1782; m. Sarah Brown; d. Jan. 2, 1834. Master mariner and merchant. 91. Fakless, Thomas, sou of Thomas aud Sally (Cook) Earless, b. June 11, 1787; m, Eliza Conant; d. August 21, 1864. Rigger. 92. Farnham, Putnam I., son of James and Rebecca (lugalls) Farn- ham, b. in Northi Andover, Mass., March 10, 1788 ; m. Rebecca Ingalls of Merrimack, N. H. ; came to Salem in 1813 and for many years was a prominent merchant; removed to Roxbury in October 1848, where he d. Nov. 25, 1852. 93. Felt, John, sou of Jonathan and Hannah (Silsbee) Felt; m. 1st, Deborah Skerry ; ra. 2d, widow Catherine Turner; d. in 1785. Shoresman. 93a. Felt, John, son of John (No. 93) and Deborah (Skerry) Felt, b. Sept. 16, 1754; m. July 13, 1780, Mary Porter (b. Jan. 25,' 1762; d. Dec. 27, 1817) ; d. Sept. 12, 1796. A master mariner. 94. Felt, Joseph. 95. Felt, Joseph, Jr., son of John (No. 93) and Catherine Felt, m. Dec. 29, 1795, Sarah, dau. of Elisha and Sarah Bradish, who d. Jan. 20, 1845, aged 77; d. May 30, 1832, aged 73. Farmer. 96. Felt, Ephraim, son of John (No. 93a) and Mary (Porter) Felt, b. Feb. 16, 1795; m. Eliza, dau. of George Ropes ; d. Dec. 7, 1872. 97. Field, Samuel, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Dean) Field, bapt. April 30, 1732; m. Priscilla Ingalls of Marblehead; d. Nov. 3, 1786, aged 54. A boatbuilder and merchant. 98. Field, Stephen, m. Sally Hovey; d. Jan. 15, 1844, aged 72. A master mariner. 99. Forrester, Simon, son of Thomas and Elinor (Haley) Forrester, b. May 10, 1748; came to Salem from Ireland April 17, 1765; m. Rachel Hathorne; d. July 4, 1817. A successful and wealthy merchant. PROrRlETOKS OF FIRST HOUSE. 205 100. FonRKSTKR, Jonx, son of Simon (No. 99j and Rachel (Hathorne) Forrester, b. Oct. 3, 1781; gr. Ilarv. Coll. 1801; m. Charlotte, dau. of Elisha and Mchitable (redrickc) Story of Marblohcad ; d. July I'o, 1837. Merchant. 101. FosTKU, Joiix, son of Robert Foster, (No. 102) b. 1770; m. Mary, dau. of Z. Burchniore (No. 41); d. April 1821. Master mariner. 102. Foster, Robkrt, son of Caleb and Abigail (Gould) Foster, b. in Salem, March 11,17-12; ra. 1st, Mary Procter; 2d, Mrs. Sarah Putnam; 3d, Mrs. Lucy Woodman ; d. Aug. 12, 1814. First Master of Essex Lodge of F. and A. Masons. Blacksmith. 103. Foster, Natiianikl, son of Nathaniel and Sarah (I)aland) Foster, bapt. Nov. 7, 1742; m. Elizabeth, dau. of Nathaniel Yell; d. April 29, 1773, aged 32. 104. Foster, William II., sou of John (No. 101) and Mary (Burch- mbre) Foster, Cashier of Asiatic National Bank, Salem. 105. Frost, John, son of John and Lucy (Lowe) Frost, b. at Danvers, Dec. 22, 178G; m. 1st, Lucy Frye, dau. of Daniel (No. 100) ; d. Sept. 27, 1824, aged 37; 2d, Hauuah Buffington, dau. of James (No. 39). A master mariner and merchant. lOG. Frye, Daniel, son of William Frye, b. in Andover 1757; m. Pru- dence, widow of James Bullington. For many years kept a tavern in Salem; d. Nov. 1813. 107. Frye, Nathan, son of William, b. in Andover Jan. 10, 1755; m. Hannah Nutting; d. Jan. 10, 1810. A distiller in Salem. 107a. FiiYE, Joseph S., son of William and Sarah (Marsliall) Frye, b. at Danvers, Jan. 10, 1802; m. May 8, 1825, Hannah, dau. of John and Ilnldah Parsons of Gilmauton, N. II. (b. Jan. 23, 1805). Superintends a bark grinding mill, Goodhue street, Salem. 108. Fuller, Elljaii, son of Rev. Daniel and Ilaunah (Bowers) Fuller, b. in Gloucester, 1778; ra. 1st, Mary Phippen, dau. of William (No. 207): 2(1, Harriet Symonds; d. Sept. 22, 1852. Tinplate worker. His father for fifty years was the beloved pastor of the church in West or 2d Parish, Gloucester. 109. Gardner, Henry, son of Samuel and Esther (Ornc) Gardnef, b. Oct. 17, 1747, gr, Harv. Coll. 1705; m. Sarah, dau. of John Turner. For many years a merchant in Salem; retired afterwards to Maiden where he died Nov. 8, 1817. 110. Gardner, Weld, son of Samuel and Esther (Orne) Gardner, b. Dec. 3, 1745; d. Nov. 6, 1801. Merchant. 111. Gavett, Jonathan, son of Joseph and Mary (Williams) Gavett, b. July 3, 1731; m. 1st, Sarah Whittemorc; 2d, Mary Symonds; d. in 1806. Cabinet maker and turner. 112. Gavett, William, son of Jonathan (No. Ill) and Sarah (Whitte- more; Gavett, b. Jan. 2, 17G7; m. Oct. 27, 1799, Martha, dau. of Peter and Martha (Grover) Richardson of Woburn ; (b. July 15, 1770; d. Nov. 9, 1823) ; d. Jan. 8, 185G. A turner; for many years sextou of the church. 206 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 113. GERKisn, James S., teacher of the East School from April 25, 1818, to March 15, 1822, resigned aud soou opened a private scliool for boys ; m. Dorcas Barrett of Concord ; d. at Salem, Aug. 5, 1833, aged 42. 114. Gerrisii, Samuel, son of Benjamin and Margaret (Cabot) Gerrish, b. at Salem, March 10, 1749; m. 1st, Sarah Williams of Marblehead; 2d, Elizabeth Chipman ; d. Sept. 2, 1844, aged 95 years and 6 months ; having passed most of his long life in his home No. 85 Federal street. 115. GiBBS, Henry, son of Henry and Katharine (Willard) Gibbs, b. at Salem, May 7, 1749; gr. Harv. Coll'., 1766. Having taught school in sev- eral places, he afterwards entered into mercantile business at Salem ; m. Mercy, dau. of Benjamin and Rebecca (Minot) Prescott (b. Feb. 5, 1755; d. May 19, 1809) ; d. June 29, 1794. 116. GiuBS, William, son of Henry (No. 115) and Mercy (Prescott) Gibbs, b. at Salem, Feb. 17, 1785; resided at Salem, Concord and Lex- ington ; m. Mercy, dau. of Peter aud Mary (Prescott) Barrett of Concord, (b. Sept. 13, 1783 ; d. Feb. 7, 1837) ; d. in Lexington, Dec. 23, 1853 ; distin- guished for his genealogical and historical reseai'ches. 117. Glovek, Jonathan, son of Joseph and Mary (Cook) Glover, bapt. Oct. 25, 1741 ; m. Nov. 29, 1764, Mary Newhall, dau. of Samuel Newhall of Lynnfield. Mariner aud fisherman. 118. Glover, Samuel, son of Joseph and Mary (Cook) Glover, bapt. Nov. 13, 1743; m. Eunice West, June 13, 1771, who d. Dec, 1788, aged 47 ; d. . A fisherman and mariner. 119. GooDALE, Nathan, son of Joshua and Experience (Judd) Goodale, b. Dec. 14, 1740; gr. Harv. Coll., 1759; m. Mary, dau. of Mitchell and Mary (Cabot) Sewall; d. at Newton, Aug. 9, 1806. Merchant at Salem for several years, 1st clerk of the District Court of Mass. 120. Goodhue, Benjamin, son of Benjamin and Martha (Hardy) Good- hue, b. at Salem, Sept. 20, 1748; gr. Harv. Coll., 1766; m. 1st, Frances Ritchie of Philadelphia; m. 2d, Anna Willard of Lancaster; d. July 28, 1814. Merchant at Salem, Representative and Senator U. S. Congress. 121. Goodhue, Jonathan, son of Benjamin and Martha (Hardy) Good- hue, b. at Salem, Dec. 31, 1744; gr. Harv. Coll., 1764; m. Dorothy Ashton, sister of Jacob Ashton (No. 14) ; d. April 19, 1778. Merchant in Salem. 122. Goodhue, William. 123. Gould, James, son of James and Margarite Gould, bapt. July 8, 1736; m. Mehitable Townsend of Lynn; d. July, 1810, aged 74. Deacon of the church. Block maker. 124. Gould, Robert W., son of James W. and Mary (Watts) Gould, b. at Salem, Jan. 9, 1784; m. Jan. 12, 1812, Sarah Osgood; d. April 21, 1873. Master mariner; several years an officer in the Custom House. 125. Grafton, Susannah, dau. of Joseph and Mary Grafton, d. Oct., 1794, aged 73. Unmarried. 126. Gray, Samuel, son of Samuel and Mary (Moses) Gray, b. June 7, 1765; ra. Ruth, dau. of Daniel and Priscilla (Lambert) Ropes (b. Dec. 20, 1768 ; d. March 5, 1844) ; d. Oct. 11, 1850. Boot and shoe manufacturer. PROrKIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 207 127. GwiNN, TnADDEUS, son of Thomas Gwiun, b. in Nantucket; came to Salem in early life, where he resided until his decease which occurred May 9, 1S20, aged GG ; m. 1st, Mercy Beadle; 2d, widow Mary Brown, a dau. of Daniel Kopes (No. 230). A ropcmaker. 128. IIastik, Jamks, came from Scotland to Salem, a trader; m. Sarah, youngest dau. of Gabriel and Elizabeth (Keevos) Ilolman (bapt. I\Iarcli 10, 175-1; d. April 2, 1781); in 1783 he was a resident of Newport, 11. I. 129. IIkndkusox, Bknmamix, son of Benjamin Henderson; b. Dec. 3, 17G1; m. Mary, dau- of Daniel and Mary (Ingalls) Bray and sister of Daniel Bray (No. 26) ; d. June 28, 1836. A soldier in the llevolutiouary Army, afterwards a master mariner. 130. Henderson, Joseph, son of Benjamin (No. 129) and Mary (Bray) Henderson, b. Oct. 29, 1793; m. 1st, Mary Glazier; 2d, Elizabeth Adams; d. Feb. 23, 1856. Painter. 131. Hekkick, Bahxabas, sou of Daniel and Sarah (Raymond) Herrick of Beverly, b. Oct. 28, 1738; m. Lydia Murray of Salem; d. at Salem in 1832, aged 94. 132. HiLi.ER, Joseph, son of Joseph and Hannah (Welsh) Hiller, b. in Boston, March 24, 1748; m. Margaret Cleveland; d. in Lancaster, Mass., Feb. 9, 1814. A major in U. S. Army during the Revolution; naval officer of the Port of Salem, under the State Government, and collector for the same through the whole of the administrations of Washington and Adams. 133. Hoffman, Charles. Merchant, resides in 2(1 Cliestnut street. 134. HoLMAN, SA>ruEL, son of Gabriel and Elizabeth (Reeves) Ilolman, bapt. Aug. 24, 1737; m. Ruth, dau. of William and Eunice (BoAvditch) Hunt; d. Nov. 24, 1825, aged 89. Hatter; he had been deacon of the church fifty-two years. 135. HoLMAN, Samuel, son of Samuel and Ruth (Hunt) Holraan, b. Oct. 10, 1764; m. Elizabeth King; d. Oct. 24, 1854, aged 90. Hatter; for many years one of the assessors of Salem. 130. HoLMAX, Samuel, b. Dec. 21, 1792; m. Lydia, dau. of George and Hannah (Phippcn) Hodges; d. at Audover on a visit, May 29, 1845. Mer- chant. 137. HoLYOKE, Edward Augustus, son of Rev. Edward and Margaret (Appleton) Holyoke, b. Aug. 1, 1728; gr. Harv. Coll., 1740; commenced practice of medicine in Salem in 1749 ; m. June 1, 1755, Judith, dau. of B. Pickman (No. 209) ; she d. Nov. 19, 175G; m. 2d, Nov 22, 1759, Mary, dau. of Nath'l Vial of Boston (b. Dec. 19, 1737; d. April 15, 1802). He d. March 81, 1829. A distinguished practitioner of medicine, first President of Mass. Med. Society, also President of Am. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, a prominent member of the various scientific and literary institutions of this city during a long and useful life. 138. Holyoke, Edward Augustus, son of William and Judith (Hol- yoke) Turner, a grandson of E. A. Holyoke (No. 137) ; b. in Boston, July 12, 1790; gr. Harv. Coll., 1817. At the close of his studies in 1821 208 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. or 22, dropped the name of Turner; m. Maria Osgood; d. at Syracuse, N. Y., Dec. 19, 1855, to which place he removed several years previous, from Salem, where he had been a practitioner of medicine. 139. Howes, Fkeuehick, sou of Anthony and Bethia Howes, b. at Den- nis in 1782 ; m. Elizabeth, dau. of W illiam Barley, of Beverly ; commenced the practice of law In Salem, residing however for some time in Danvers, and representing the town in the Legislature; returned to Salem and was for several years Pi'esidentof Salem Marine Insurance Company; d. Nov. 12, 1855. 140. HuBBAKD, Oliver, son of John Hubbard, b. at Hamilton, Aug. 3, 1770 ; educated by the late Rev. Dr. M. Cutler ; commenced the practice of medicine in Portland; came to Salem in March, 1811, and continued a successful practitioner until his decease, which occurred Aug. 27, 1849 ; unmarried. 141. IxGEiJSOLL, JoNATiiAX, son of Nathaniel, d. at Windsor, Vt., July 9, 1840, aged 89 ; a native of Salem and from early boyhood followed the seas for a period of thirty years ; he retired upon a farm in Danvers where he lived for twenty years, thence removed to a beautiful farm on the Connecticut river; he m. 1st, Mary Hodges; 2d, Mary Pool; 3d, Sarah, widow of Samuel Blythe, and dau. of Aaron Purbeck (b. Feb., 1759, d. March, 1842). 142. Ives, William, son of William and Mary (Bradshaw) Ives. Printer, and for ncarlj' fifty years one of the editors and proprietors of the Salem Observer. 143. Jacobs, Daniel, son of John Jacobs, bapt. Nov. 5, 1711; m. Sarah Dudley of Boston, June 17, 1735; d. Oct., 1809, in his 99th year, having lived to this advanced age on his farm in Danvers near the Salem boundary line in North Fields ; in early life a shoemaker, afterwards a farmei*. 144. Janes, Joseph, m. Oct. 9, 1737, Lydia, dau. of George and Bethia (Peters) Deland (bapt. April 14, 1717; d. Mai'ch, 1793). 144a. Janes, Joseph, sou of Joseph and Lydia (Deland) Janes, bapt. Aug. 28, 1737; d. Sept. 1789; m. March 26, 17G4, Mary Collins. 145. Johnson, Emeky, son of Eli and Miriam (Burbank) Johnson, b. in Weston, Mass., Aug. 24, 1790; m. March, 1824, Sarah, dau. of Daniel "Saunders of Salem; d. at Salem, Jan. 19, 1845. Master mariner and mer- chant. 146. Johnson, John. 147. Johnson, Samuel, son of Joshua and Martha (Spoiford) Johnson, b. at Andover, Dec. 18, 1790; gr. Harv. Coll., 1814; m. 1st, Anna Dodge; 2d, Lucy P. Robinson. Apractitioner of medicine; resides in No. 4 Chest- nut street. 148. Kimball, Nathan, son of James and Mary (Lovering) Kimball, b. at Wenham, Aug. 20, 1741 ; removed to Salem, where he d. May 10, 1808 ; m. Sarah dau. of James Friend, of Wenham (b. 1740; d. May 10, 1808). A shoemaker. ruoi'HiiyroKS of first house. 200 141). KiMitALL, J.vMKs.sou of Natluin (Xo. 148), b. Dec. 7, 1777; m. Nov. 29, 1807. Catlieriiic, dau. of William and Mary (RicliardsoiO Kussell (b. in CambiidiTo. March 4, 1784; d. in Salem, Feb. 15, 18G1); d. Oct., 1822. 150. King, Jamks, son of James King, b. in Salem, May 10, 1752; d. June 3, 1831 ; m. 1st, Judith Norris; 2d, Elizabeth Grant. A trader. 151. King, John Glkx, son of James King (No. 150), b. :Marcli 19, 1787; gr. Ilarv. Coll., 1807; m Nov. 10, 1815, Susan II., dau. of Frederick and A. II. Oilman, of Gloucester; d. July 20, 1857. Counsellor at law; first president of City Council of Salem. lie was tlie youngest of that corps of scholars who gave the type and cliaractor to the Essex Bar, in the generation that has recently passed away. 152. Knight, Natii.vxikl, son of Nathaniel and Sarah (Mascoll) Kniglit, b. at Salem, May 11, 17G4; m, Oct. 2G, 1784, Sarah, dau. of Ebenezer and Mehitable (Buttolpli) "Ward, who d. April 2G, 184G, aged 85; d. Feb. 19, 1845. Master mariner from the port of Salem ; and many years wharf- inger of Derby wharf. 153. Lakkmax, Ebkx Kxowltox, son of Richard and Lucy (Knowlton) Lakeraan, b at Ipswich, Dec. 10, 1799; came to Salem in his boyhood, where he resided until his decease which occurred May 27, 1857; m. June 20, 182G, Jane, dau. of Benjamin (No. 250) and Jane Shillabcr. "Watch- maker. 154. La.msox, Asa, son of Asa and Deborah (Cox) Lamson of Beverly, m. Rebecca, dau. of Knott Martin Vickery of Beverly; d. April 14, 1870, aged 77. 155. Laxg, Edwakd Symmes, son of Edward and Rachel (Ward) Lang, b. Jan. 21, 1770; m. June 5, 179G, Hannah, dau. of Joseph (No. 132) and Margaret (Cleveland) Hiller (b. Sept. G, 1771; d. April, 1823); m. 2d, Rebecca Brimmer of Beverly; d. Feb. 12, 1833. Apothecary, on the eastern corner of Essex and Liberty Streets. 156. Leach, Robert, m. Nov. 29, 1770, Abigail Luscomb ; d. Nov. 25, 1825, aged 78. Shoreman, afterwards merchant. 157. Lee, John Clarke, son of Nathaniel Cabot and Mary Ann (Cabot) Lee, b. April 9, 1804; gr. Harv. Coll., 1823; in. July 29, 182G, Harriet Paine, dau. of Joseph Warren and Harriet (Paine) Rose; resides in No. 1 1 Chestnut street. 158. Loiu>, Daxiel, son of Daniel and Sarah (Holland) Lord, b. at Ipswich, March 26, 1783. Worker in marble, INIarket wliarf, Salem. 159. Lord, Joseph IL, brother of No. 158, b. at Ipswicli, Nov. 2, 1794; m. Judith, dau. of Ellis and Abigail (Herbert) Mansfield; d. at Worcester, Jan. 6, 18G7. Resident of Salem many years. A trader. 160. Lord, James, son of Daniel and Hannah (Saflbrd) Lord, b. at Ips- wich, Jan. 9, 1799; m, Dec, 1822, Sarah, dau. of Ebenezer (No. 165a) and Sarah (Bufilngton) Mann (b. Oct. 18, 1798); he d. Nov. 11,1871, in Salem. Tanner. 161. Luscomb, William, probably son of William and Jane Luscomb, bapt. Apr. 5, 1724; m. Sarah Henderson. Houscwright. 210 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 1G2. LuscoMB, William, son of William and Sarah (Henderson) Lus- comb, m. Jan. 20, 1773, Susanna Cook ; d. April 10, 1827, aged 80. Painter. 163. Mc'Intire, Joseph, sou of John and Meliitable Mc'Iutire, bapt. Feb. 26, 1726-7; m. Sarah Ruck, March 10, 1746-7; d. in 1776. A house- wright. 164. Mc'Intire Joseph, son of Joseph (No. 163) and Sarah (Ruck) Mc'Intire; m. Jan., 1773, Ann Bowdeu of Boston, who d. Sept. 1813; d. June 1825, aged 77. A housewright. 164a. Mc'Intire, Joseph, son of Joseph (No. 164) and Ann (Bowden) Mc'Intire, bapt. Feb., 1779; d. Sept. 21, 1852. Unmarried; a carver. 165. Mc'Intire, Samuel, son of Joseph (No. 163) and Sarah (Ruck) Mc'Intire, bapt. Jan. 16, 1757; m. Oct. 31, 1778, Elizabeth, dan. of Samuel (No. 97) and Priscilla (Ingalls) Field ; d. Feb., 1811. The skilful and noted carver and architect of Salem. 165a. Mann, Ebenezer, son of Ebenezer Mann, b. at Pembroke, Aug. 6, 1758; came to Salem in 1783, and commenced building vessels; in 1800 he engaged in the grocery business; m. Dec. 30, 1791, Sarah, dau. of James and Prudence (Proctor) Buffiugton, a sister of James (No. 39), (b. Sept. 27, 1772; d. May 17, 1851) ; he d. in Salem, March 19, 1836. 166. Mansfield, Jonathan, came from Lynn and settled in Salem. A trader; d. March, 1791, aged 74. 167. Marston, William, a grocer, in a building which stood in the centre of Washington sti-eet, removed when Eastern Railroad Tunnel was built in 1839 ; d. May 1818, aged 67. 168. Mason, David, son of David and Susanna Mason, b. in Boston, March 19, 1726; d. in Boston, Sept. 17, 1794. He was a n)uritorious ofRcer in the Revolution ; resided in Salem several years previous to the commencement of hostilities. 169. Merritt, David, son of David and Elizabeth (Badcock) Merritt, b. at Ticehurst, Sussex Co., England, April 20, 1775 ;.m. July SO, 1804, Anne, dau. of William and Anne Ashby of Battle, Sussex; arrived in this country, Oct. 18, 1804; settled at Utica, N. Y., thence at Sackett Har- bor, N. Y. and Marblehead; came to Salem in Oct., 1824. Trader till the year 1827; then established a wagon express between Boston and Salem and elsewhere, after the opening of the Eastern Railroad by rail ; d. July 28, 1862. 170. Millet, John, son of Andrew and Ruth Millet, bapt. Oct 23. 1737 ; m. 1761, Mary Roberts, who d. Aug., 1788, aged 48 ; d. Oct., 1793. A cooper. 171. Morgan, Theodore, son of Lucas and Tryphena (Smith) Morgan, b. at West Springfield, Mass., Nov. 19, 1778; m. Sept. 20, 1806, Abigail, dau. of Thomas Manning ; d. at Salem, Dec. 10, 1845. A watchmaker. 172. Moses, Eleazer, son of Eleazer and Mary Moses; bapt. Jan. 19, 1734; m. Mary, dau. of Peter Henderson; d. Feb., 1786. Sailmakcr. 173. Needham, Benjamin. 174. Newhall, Isaac, son of Joel and Lucy (Mansfield) Newhall, b. in riforiiiETOiis OF fikst house. 211 Lynn, Aujtj. 24, 1782. A tnulor in Salcni several years; aullior of a work, pnblished in 1831, entitled, "Letters on Junius", lie was twice married. His flrst wife was Sarah Lewis, who d. May. 1821 ; he returned to Lynn and spent his latter days at tiie old honjestead, and there d. July 0, isr)8. 175. Ni:wiiAi,L,'jEnK>riAn, son of Jeremiah and Sarah (Bates) Newhall, b. in Lynn, Dec. 25, 1737; m. 1761. Elizabeth Grant. Ilousewright. 17G. Newiiai.l, JoiCL, son of Joel and Lucy (Mansfield) Newhall, b. in Lynn, Oct. 12, 1779. A trader in Salem with his brother Isaac (No. 174), afterwards kept a dry goods store in Marblehead ; he returned to the old homestead in Lynn, and d. there Oct. 8, 1839. 177. Nichols, Ichabod. sou of David and Hannah (Gaskell) Nichols, b. in Salem, Apr. 20, 1749; resided in Portsmouth, N. H., several years of his early life. INIerchant in Salem ; m. Lydia, dan. of Benjamin and Ruth (Hardy) Kopcs (1). Dec. 4, 1754 ; d. Feb. 25, 1835) ; he d. at Salem, July 2, 1839. 178. Nichols, Benjamin Ropes, son of Ichabod (No. 177) and Lydia (Ropes) Nichols, b. at Portsmouth, May 18, 178G; gr. Harv. Coll., 1804. Counsellor at Law, in Salem, many years ; and from 1824, until his decease, in Boston, which occurred April 30, 1848; m. Mary, dau. of Timothy and Rebecca (White) Pickering. 179. Nichols, Geokge, son of Ichabod ,(No. 177) and Lydia (Ropes) Nichols, b. at Salem, July 4, 1778; m. 1st, Sally; 2d, Lydia Peirce, dau. of Jerathmael and Sarah (Ropes) Peirce; d. Oct. 19, 1865. Merchant in Salem. 180. Nichols, Samuel, son of Stephen and Abigail (Moultou) Nichols, b. Dec. G, 1800; m. Dec. 17, 1826, Mary M. Fliut; d. Oct. 17, 1854. A tanner in Salem. 181. Nichols, William Fkye, son of Ichabod and Cassandra (Frye) Nichols, b. Apr. 4, 1801 ; m. June 8, 1830, Abigail, dau. of James (No. 39) BuflSngton. A tanner in Salem. 182. NouTiiEY, Ai5i.L\H, SOU of Abijali and Abigail (Wood) Northey, m. 1st, April 18, 1795, Sally G. King; 2d, Lj'dia, dau. of Gabriel and Lydia (Mansfield) Holman (b. Dec. 9, 1777; ); d. Oct. 25, 1853, aged 79:] years. Master mariner and merchant. 183. NuTTiNO, John, b. in Cambridge, Jan. 7, 1694; gr. Harv. Coll., 1712; came to Salem in 1718, and kept the school for many years ; col- lector of the port at difierent times ; register of deeds, etc. ; m. Feb. 12, 1719-20, Ruth Gardner, she d. Nov. 12, 1736; m. 2d, Elizabeth, dau. of Benjamin and Abigail (Lindall) Pickman (b. Jan. 22, 1714; d. June 10, 1785) ; d. May 20, 1790, aged 96 ; the oldest graduate for several years on the College catalogue. 184. Olivek, William W., son of Hubbard and Rebecca (Wallis) Oliver, d. Dec. 29, 1869, aged 91. Many years deputy collector of the customs at the port of Salem. 185. OsBOijN, William. 212 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 185a. OuMAN, Sarah, daa. of Joseph and Sarah (Ruck) Orman, d. at Salem, Sept. 21, 1843, aged 79. Unmarried. 186. Osgood, Joseph, sou of Joseph and Margaret Osgood of Andover, m. June 14, 1770, Lucretia, dau. of Miles and Hannah (Derbj') Ward (b. Aug. 28, 1748; d. Sept., 1809); d. June, 1812, aged 65. A physician in Danvers and Salem. 187. Osgood, Jo.seph, son of Dr. Joseph Osgood (No. 186) ; m. Oct. 23, 1796, Mary, dan. of Ebenezer and Hannah (Hunt) Beckford (b. Sept. 23, 1774; d. March, 1822, aged 47) j d. in England in 1806. Supercargo of "~ ship George Washington. 188. Osgood, Isaac, son of Peter and Sarah (Johnson) Osgood, b. at North Andover, July 15, 1756; m. 1st, Sally Pickmau, Oct. 12, 1790, who d. Aug. 10, 1791, aged 20; 2d, Rebecca T. Pickman, Dec. 8, 1794, who d. Aug. 29, 1801, aged 29; daughters of C. G. Pickman (No. 213); m. 3d, Mary T., dau. of Benjamin Pickman (No. 210), June 28, 1803, who d. Sept. 7, 1856, aged 90. Resident of Salem and Andover; an underwriter, clerk of the courts of Essex ; d. at Andover, Sept. 30, 1847. 189. Osgood, John, son of John and Susanna (Williams) Osgood of Salem, bapt. Sept. 18, 1757: m. Rebecca, dau. of William and Ann (Well- — man) Messervy, Oct. 1782; he d. Dec. 2, 1826, aged 69. Master mariner and merchant. 190. Osgood, Nathaniel Ward, son of Joseph Osgood, Jr. (No. 187), m. June 26, 1822, Mary B. Archer; d. Marcli 21, 1863, aged 65. Tanner. 191. Page, Jeremiah, son of Samuel and Rebecca (Putnam) Page, b. in Danvers, June 2. 1796; m. Mary Pindar of Danvers; d. at Salem, Nov. -- 1, 1867. Master mariner, and president of Salem Marine Insurance Com- pany. 192. Page, Ruth, dau. of Samuel Holman (No. 134), b. June 15, 17G1; d. Sept. 28, 1833; m. John Page, the second son of Samuel and Eliza- beth Page of Medford (b. in Medford, Nov. 20, 1751 ; d. in Salem, Dec. 1, 1838) who was connected in the ship chandlery business for upwards of forty years in Salem under the firm of Page and Ropes. He was a rev- olutionary veteran. 193. Page, Samuel, son of Samuel and Lois (Lee) Page, b. Nov. 14, ■^ 1777; m. Dec. 2, 1810, Jane, dau. of Henry (No. 238) and Lydia (Janes) Rust, she d. Dec. 25, 1843, aged 60; d. Feb. 1, 1834. Master mariner. 194. Palfray, Thomas, son of Thomas and Martha (Crowninshield) ^ Palfray, b. 1793; m. Dec. 18, 1821, Hannah Dale; d. at sea. Master mariner. 195. Parsons, Oliver, b. in Gloucester; in. Apr. 15, 1816, Betsey Ives; d. at Worcester, Aug. 25, 1845, aged 60. Blacksmith. 196. Payson, Edward H., son of Lemuel and Joanna (Newhall) Pay- son, m. Amelia Melius. Cashier of First National Bank, Salem. 197. Peabody, Nathaniel, son of Isaac and Mary (Potter) Peabody, b. March 30, 1774; gr. Dart. Coll., 1800; m. Nov. 2, 1802, Elizabeth Palmer; d. in Boston, Jan. I, 1855. For many years a dentist in Salem. rROPKlETOHS OF FIltST IIOUSK. :^ 1 3 1!>S. Tkaiiody, Josi'.i'ii, son ol' Fr;iiu'is and Margnrrl (Kniglit) reabod}', b. in Miikllcton, Doc. ll', 17.">7; ni. 1st, Ang. L'8, 1791, Catharino; 2d, Oct. 24, 17'J5, Elizabeth, daughtois of Kvv. Ellas Smith of Middleton; d. Jan. 5, 1844. An eminent nierdianl at Salt m and cxtonsively known tluoughont the commercial world. 199. Pkaijooy, Fkaxcis, son of Josopli (No. lO.s) and Elizalieth (Smith) Peabody, b. Dec. 7, 1801 ; m. Jnly 7, 1823, Martha, dan. of Samuel (No. 85) and Elizabeth (Putnam) Endicott; d. at Salem, Oct. 31, 18G7. A mer- chant and manufacturer. 200. Pkahody, JosKi'ii Augustus, son of Joseph (198) and Elizabeth (Smith) Peabody, b. Aug. 7, 179G; gr. llarv. Coll. 181G; m. Louisa, dau. of Samuel (No. 228) and Sarah (Gool) Putnam, Sept. 3, 1821 ; d. June 18, 1828. A merchant at Salem. 201. Peabody, Joskpii W., son of Asa and Anna (Gould) Peabody, b. in Middleton, May 18, 1787 ; m. Harriet French of Milford, N. H. ; d. Sept, 16, 1842. Merchant. 202. Pkabooy, Samukl, son of Bimsloy and Ruth (Marston) Peabody of Middleton and Boxlbrd, b. Jan. 7, 17.59; m. Sept. 21, 1782, Abigail Trask; d. Jan. 2t), 1839. A grocer in Salem. 203. Pkiuck, Bicxjamix, son of Jeruthmael and Sarah (Ropes) Peirce, b. Sept. 30, 1778; gr. Harv. Coll., 1801; m. his cousin Lydia R., dau. of Ichabod (No. 177) and Lydia (Ropes) Nichols (b. Jan. 3, 1781; d. at Cambridge, Oct. 22, 18GS). Merchant for many years at Salem; in I82G was appointed Lil)ruriau at Harvard College Library and d. in Cambridge, July 26, 1831. 204. Peirce, Nathan, son of Nathan and Sarah Peirce, b. at Newbury, June 17, 1749; d. at Salem, May 22, 1812; his wife Rebecca, widow of John Hill, dau. of Mr. Allen, b 1742; d. July 18, 1815. In early life a tobacconist; afterwards a successful merchant. 205. PuiLi.irs, Stkimikx, sou of Stephen and Elizabeth (Elkins) Phillips) b. in Marblchcad, Nov. 13, 17G1. In early life was a shipmaster; in 1800 moved to Salem and engaged in commercial pursuits ; m. 1st, Dorcas dau. of Dudley and Dorcas (March) Woodbridge, she d. June, 1802, aged 29 ; m. 2d, Eliza, dau. of Nathan Peirce (No. 204) ; he d. at Salem, Oct. 19, 1838. 206. PuipPEX, Thomas, son of Thomas and Margaret (Driver) Phippen, b. Dec. 25, 1750; m. Dec. 27, 1774, Rebecca Wellman (b. Oct. 3, 1755); d. Dec. 22, 1839. A mariner. 207. PiiiPPEX, William, brother of (No. 206) and son of Thomas and Margaret (Driver) Phippen, b. Feb. 27, 1752; m. Nov. 22, 1777, Lois Ilitchings of Lynn, and had among other children, Lois, wife of B. Balch (No. 15) and Mary, wife of E. Fuller (No. 108; ; m. 2d, widow Anna Ring; d. in 1796. A trader. 208. PicKEiuxG, Joiix, sou of William and Eunice (Pickering) Pick- ering, b. Jan. 2, 1738; m. Hannah Ingcrsoll, sister of Jonathan (No. 141); removed to Richmond, N. H., where he d. Oct. 27, 1823; his wife Hannah, d. Jan. 5, 1795, aged 55. 214 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 209. PiCKMAN, Benjamin, son of Benjamin and Abigail (Liudall) Pick- man, b. Jan. 28, 1707; m. Oct., 1731, Love Kawlins, who d. June 9, 1786, aged 77; lie d. Aug. 20, 1773. Merchant, judge of Common Pleas Court, etc. 210. PiCKMAN, Benjamin, son of Benjamin (No. 209) and Love Rawlins Pickmau, b. Nov. 7, 1740; gr. Harv. Coll., 1759; ra. Apr. 22, 17C2, Mary Toppan, who d. in 1817; he d. May 12, 1819. Merchant. 211. PiCKMAN, Benjamin, son of Benjamin (210) and Mary Toppan Pickmau, b. Sept. 30, 1763; gr. Harv. Coll., 178-1; m. Oct. 20, 1789, Austiss, dau. of E. Hasket Derby (b. Oct. 6, 1769; d. June 1, 1836); d. Aug. 16, 1813. Merchant, Representative and Senator in Massachusetts Legisla- ture ; member of tlie Constitutional Convention, Massachusetts, 1820, and of the Executive Council of Massachusetts; and Representative in United States Congress 1809-11. 212. PiCKMAN, Clarke Gayton, son of Benjamin (No. 209) and Love (Rawlins) Pickmau, b. July 30, 1746; m. Sarah, dau. of Timotliy and Rebecca (Taylor) Orne (b. June 5, 1752; d. Sept., 1812); d. Nov. 29, 1781. Merchant. 213. PiCKMAN, William, son of Benjamin (No. 209) and Love (Rawlins) Pickmau, b. March 12, 1748; gr. Harv. Coll., 1766; m. Elizabeth, dau. of Rev. Dudley and Mary (Pickering) Leavitt (b. Sept. 16, 1759; d. Oct. 13, 1782); he d. Nov. 5, 1815. Merchant and naval officer of the Port of Salem. 214. PiCKMAN, William, son of Benjamin (No. 210) and Mary Toppan Pickmau, b. June 25, 1774; d. May 1, 1857. In early life a merchant in Boston ; lived many years iu Salem ; retired from the active duties of life. 215. PiCKMAN, Dudley Leavitt, son of William (No. 213) and Elizabeth (Leavitt) Pickman, bapt. May, 1779; m. Sept. 6, 1810, Catherine, dau. of Thomas and Elizabeth (Elkins) Saunders (bapt. Aug. 29, 1784; d. May 18, 1823) ; d. Nov. 4, 1846. Merchant. 216. PiCKMAN, Thomas, son of Benjamin (No. 210) and Mary. Toppan Pickman, b. May 10, 1773; gr. Harv. Coll., 1791; m. 1st, Mary, dau. of Capt. Jonathan Haraden, she d. Sept., 1806, aged 31; m. 2d, Sophia, dau. of Joseph P. and Catherine H. Palmer (b. in Boston ; d. iu Salem, Dec. 22, 1862, aged 76) ; d. Jan. 2, 1817. A physician in Salem. 217. PiNEL, Philip Payn, b. in Grovvville, Isle of Jersey, July 9, 1782; m. Jan. 5, 1812, Susan, dau. of Benjamin and Hannah (Shillaber) Peters; d. in Salem, Nov. 21, 1864. A master mariner. 218. Pitman, Benjamin, sou of Michael and Sarah (Carwick) Pitman, b. Dec. 24, 1792; m. July 26, 1825, Catherine, dau. of Jacob (No. 244) Sanderson, and widow of Henry Carwick ; resides in Andover street. Book-keeper, many years, in Asiatic Bank, Salem. 219. Pope, Ebenezer, son of Eben and Sarah (Pope) Pope, b. in Dan- vers, July 7, 1759; m. Aug., 1779, Mehitable, dau. of Capt. Samuel and Mehitable (Williams) Carroll, she d. in 178.4; m. 2d, Jan. 31, 1790, Lydia, PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 215 widow of Jaiiios Hayes of Sakin. and dan. of William Darling of Cam- bridge, she d. Feb. 10, 181(!, ai,aHl 02 ; he d. Feb. U, l.si'l. A baker in Salem. 220. PouTicu, Ebkn'kzek, came from Wenham to Salem. Ilouscwright ; m. Nov. 10, 1771, Mary, dau. of John and Sarah (Titcomb) Ropes. 221. PoTTEii, Jesse, sou of William and Elizabeth (Safiord) Potter, b. at Ipswich Hamlet (Hamilton), Dec. 27, 1782; m. Nov. 5, 1819, Susan, dau. of Samnel and Mary (Stevens) Punchard (b. Jan. 10, 17'JU; d. Jau. 10, 1844) ; d. at sea, Aug. 28, 182D. A master mariner. 222. Pkoctok, Hobkht, son of Robert and Hannah (Goodhue) Proctor, b. at Salem, Dec. 23, 17G0; m. Nov. 28, 1808, Lydia Kilburu (d. Feb. 18, 1857, aged 7G) : d. Dec. 4, 1841. A trader and farmer. 223. Pkoctok, William, son of William and Elizabeth (Masnry) Proc- tor, b. at Salem; m. Sarah, dau. of Joseph and Sarah (Peirce) Holman (b. July 28, 1792; ). Merchant; iu 1827 removed to Brook- lyn, N. y. 224. PURBECK, WlLlJAM. 225. Putnam, Allen, son of Thomas and Mary (Fitz) Putnam, b. Dec. 12, 1794; m. Eliza, dau. of Samuel and Rebecca (Putnam) Page, a sister of Jeremiah (No. 191); .she d. July 15, 1864, aged 70; he d. Sept. 5, 18C8. Master mariner; President of East India Marine Society, and at the time of his death one of the assessors of Salem. 22G. Putnam, Baktiiolomew, son of Bartholomew and Ruth (Gardner) Putnam, b. at Salem, Feb. 2, 1737; d, Apr. 17, 1815; in. May 13, 1760, Sarah, dau. of Gamaliel Hodges (b. July 31, 1740; d. Oct. 17, 1830). Sur- veyor of the port. 227. Putnam, Nathaniel, son of Nathaniel and Mary (Ober) Putnam, b. in Danvers, March 2, 1774; m 1st, Polly Warner; 2d, Hannah, dau. of Simon and Mehitable (Dutch) Pendar; 3d, Betsey Waters. Removed to New York city about 1830, and d. iu that place June 10, 1849 ; when a resi- dent of Danvers, a trader; in New York a commission merchant. 228. Putnam, Samuel, son of Gideon and Hannah Putnam, b. in Dan- vers, Apr. 13, 1768; gr. Hiirv. Coll., 1787; m. Oct. 28, 1795, Sarah, dau. of John and Lois (Pickering) Gool. For many years a pi'ominent lawyer and politician in Salem, Justice in Supreme Court of Mass. ; removed to Boston in 1833 ; d. at Somerville, July 3, 1853. 229. Rea, Akchelaus, son of Archelaus and Mary (Cook) Rea, b. Feb. 12, 1778; m. Nov. 17, 1805, Elizabeth, dau. of Jonathan Mason, Jr., 2d, Apr. 17, 1814, Maria March Woodbridge. Master mariner and agent of Salem Iron Factory Company ; about 1840, he moved to Roxbury where he d. Aug. 18, 1864, aged 76. 230. Rea, Samuel, son of Archelaus and ilary (Cook) Rea, b. Feb. 3, 1782; m. Sept. 3, 1807, Sarah, dau. of James and Eunice (Carlton) Barr, (b. July 3, 1782; d. Nov. 17, 1862) ; he d. Sept. 30, 1842. Master mariner and merchant. 231. RoBEiiTS, William, .son of William and Rebecca (Goldthwaite) 216 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. Roberts, b. in Soutli Parish of Danvers (Peabody), Sept. 3, 1783; m. June 21, 1805, Sall3s dau. of Elijah (No. 213) and Mary Sauuderson ; d. at Salem, March 30, 1872. Mason. 232. Rogers, Nathaniel, son of Rev. Nathaniel and Mary (Burnhaixi) (Staniford) Rogers, b. at Ipswich, March 11, 1762; gr. Harv. Coll., 1782; m. Abigail, dau. of Col. Abraham Dodge of Ipswich; d. at Saco, Me., in 1799. He removed to Salem about 1788, and both he and his wife were eminently successful as teachers. 233. RoGRiJS, Natiianikl Levekett, son of Nathaniel (No. 232) and Abigail (Dodge) Rogers, b. at Ipsvvich, Aug. G, 1785; ra. Oct. 24, 1813, Harriet, dau. of Aaron and Elizabeth (Call) Waite; d. July 31, 1858. Merchant; President of East India Marine Society, and held other offices of trust and honor. 234. Rogers, John Whittingham, son of Nathaniel (No. 232) and Abigail (Dodge) Rogers, b. at Ipswich, Nov. 10, 1787; came to Salem in early childhood; received a mercantile education. Merchant in Salem and Boston; m. Anstiss, dau. of Benjamin (No. 211) and Austiss (Derby) Pickman; d. in Boston, Dec. 9, 1872. 235. Ropes, Jaxe, dau. of Mr. Bartlett of Exeter, N. II., m. John Ropes of Salem, a son of John and Dorothea (Bartlett) Ropes (b. July 27, 1709; d., 1761 ; a trader) ; she survived him until the summer of 1781. 236. Roi'Es, Daniel, son of Joseph and Elizabeth Ropes, b. June 13, 1737; m. Nov. 19, 1701, Priscilla, dau. of Samuel and Mary (Williams) Lambert (b. Feb. 25, 1738; d. Sept. 22, 1808); he d. Oct. 8, 1821. A cordwainer. 237. Ross, Joseph. 238. Rust, IIenky, came from Gloucester to Salem when a young- man, and was successful in his business operations, b. Aug. 23, 1737; d. Sept. 28, 1812; m. Dec. 25, 1759, Lydia Janes (b. May 12, 1740; d. Aug. 23, 1808); m. 2d, Abigail (Benson) Foster, who d. Jan. 1823, aged 78. 239. Rust, Jacob Parsons, son of Henry (No. 238) iind Lydia (Janes) Rust, b. Aug. 15, 1774; m. Mary Adams of Boston, who d. Oct. 1817, aged 41 ; he d. at Boston, Jan. 5, 1828, aged 54. Merchant at Salem and Boston. 240. Saeford, Abraham, son of , b. in Ipswich, March 20, 1735; m. Martha, dau. of Rev. John Dennis; d. in Bath, N. IL, Jan. 5, 1829. In early life was engaged in the French and Indian war ; on the 19th of April 1775 was lieutenant of the Salem Company and in command of tlie same, the captain being sick. 241. Saltonstall, Leverett, son of Nathaniel and Anna (White) Saltonstall, b. at Haverhill, June 13, 1783; gr. Harv. Coll., 1802; m. March 7, 1811, Mary Elizabeth, dau. of Thomas and Elizabeth (Elkins) Sanders who d. Jan. 11, 1858, aged 70; d. May 8, 1845. Lawyer in Salem; Speaker of Mass. House of Representatives; President of. Mass. Senate; Rep- resentative U. S. Cong. ; first Mayor of the city of Salem. 242. Saltonstall, Nathaniel, son of Nathaniel and Anna (White) Saltonstall, b. at Haverhill, Oct. 1, 1784; m. Nov. 20, 1820, Caroline, PROPRIETORS OF FIRST MOUSE. 217 youngest dau. of Thomas ami Elizabeth (Elkins) Sanders; d. at New Market, N. II., Oct. 1!), 18;5.s, durliij; a visit, in the perrorniance of his duties as treasurer of the manufacturing corporation in that place. Merchant at Baltiuuire and Salem. 243. Sandkkson, Elijah, son of Jonathan and Mary (Hemls) Sanderson, b. at Waltiiam, Oct. 10, 1751 ; m. Mary Mulliken, of Lexington, who d. at Salem, Oct. 23, 1843, aged 86; d. at Salem, Feb. 15, 1S25. Cabinet maker; for many years deacon of the church. 244. Sanueusox, Jacob, son of Jonathan and Mary (Bemis) Sanderson, b. at Waltham, Oct. 21, 1757; m. June 2G, 1781, Catherine Harrington of Watertown (b. Aug. 26, 1755; d. Dec, 1811); d. at Salem, Feb. 12, 1810. Cabinet maker. 245. Sandkrsox, Jonx, son of Elijah (No. 243) and Mary (Mulliken) Sauderson, b. at Salem, Jan. 21, 17U7; m. Dec. 7, 1824, Abigail Haskell; d. Oct. 26, 1858. Cabinet maker. 246. Sanders, Charles, eldest sou of Thomas and Elizabeth (Elkins) Sanders, b. in Salem; gr. Harv. Coll. 1802; m. Charlotte, dau. of Ichabod (No. 177) and Lydia (Ropes) Nichols (b. at Portsmouth, Nov. 26, 1788; d. at Cambridge, March 29, 1872) ; he d. at Cambridge, April 7, 1864, aged 80. Merchant in Salem; steward of Harv. Coll. 1827-30; resided principally at Salem and Cambridge, occasionally at Boxford and other places. 247. Saunders, Joxathax Peele, son of Daniel and Sarah (Peele) Saunders, bapt. July 10, 1785; m. Dec. 26, 1811, Mary, dau. of Moses and Sarah Adams, (b. in Beverly; d. in Salem, May 5, 1871, aged 80) ; he d. Feb. 22, 1844, aged 58. A surveyor, and many years town clerk. 248. Scobie, John, came from Scotland to Salem; m. Lydia, dau. of Jonathan Mason and widow of Benjamin Mally; d. July, 1853, aged 59. A trader. 249. Seccomb, Ebexezek, sou of Joseph and Ruth (Brooks) Seccomb, b. at Kingston, N. H., June 19, 1778; m. Nov. 27, 1802, Hannah Williams, who d. Nov. 17, 1810, aged 30; m. 2d, Mary, dau. of William and Meliit- able (Osgood) Marston, who d. April, 1824, aged 40; he d. June 21, 1835. A merchant in Salem. 250. Shillaber, Bex.iamin, son of William and Mary (Waters) Shil- laber, b. June 27, 1758, at Danvers; m. Nov. 19, 1784, Sarah Proctor, Avho d. July 21, 1794, aged 38; m. 2d, Sept. 15, 1795, Jane, dau. of John and Abigail (Hawkes) Ropes, and widow of John Titcombe; (b. Jan. 7, 1769; d. April 19, 1842). He d. Aug. 16, 1823. Master mariner. 250a. Shillaber, Benjamin, son of Benjamin (No. 250), b. June 20, 1788; m. 1st, Sarah, dau. of Col John Hathorne; she d. Aug. 1824, aged 31; 2d, Sarah Austin; d. Dec. 31, 1.^40. Master mariner. 251. Shillaber, Ebenezer, son of Samuel and Susanna (Reeves) Shil- laber, m. 1st, Deborah, dau. of Samuel and Mary (Putnam) Endicott, (bapt. March 17, 1767; d. Nov., 1801); m. 2d, Hannah Jones, of Beverly, who survived him ; he d. Dec, 1807, aged 43. Master mariner. 14 218 PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 252. Shillauer, Sally, dau. of Beujamin Sbilhiber (No. 250), b. April 27, 1792. Resides in Salem. 253. SiiKEVE, Benjamin, b. Dec. 6, 1780; m. July 8, 1804, Mary, dau. of Benjamin Goodhue (No. 120), (b. Oct. 15, 1781; d. June 30, 1839); d. March 8, 1839. Master mariner, and merchant in Salem. Treasurer of Salem Savings Banlj. 254. Sibley, Littleeield, son of Samuel and Merebah (Bartlett) Sib- ley, b. May, 1739; m. Sarah Lambert; d. at sea in 1780. Master mariner and commanded the Letter of Marque schooner Nancy. 255. Skehuy, EPiiKAiM, son of Francis and Hannah Skerry, bapt. Feb. 1, 1746; d. Jan., 1821. 25G. Skerry, Fj£ancis, son of Ephraim and Margaret (Silsbee) Skerry, bapt. March 15, 1719; m. Nov. 11, 1741, AnnaSymonds; d. 1790. Yeoman. 257. Skerry, Samuel, son of Samuel and Lydia (Cheever) Skerry, b. Jan. 18, 1772 ; m. Sept. 9, 1798, Content, dau. of Ebenezer (No. 282) and Mehitable (Buttolph) Ward (b. Sept. 2, 1773; d. May 6, 1854) ; d. at Salem, Oct. 23, 1808; a master mariner; a few years previous to his death had retired to a farm in Brookfield. 258. Smith, Jesse, son of Aaron and Lucy (Baker) Smith ; b. at Ipswich, Dec. 12, 1789; came to Salem when young and learned the watch maker's trade, and was engaged in this business during his life ; m. Priscilla Treadwell; d. July 4, 18G6. 259. Smith, Ebenezei!, b. at Ipswich, Sept. 24, 17G7; m. Sally Griffen, March 22, 1789, who d. July 1, 1824, aged 59; he d. June 5, 1825, aged 57. A baker in Salem. 260. Sprague, Joseph, son of Major Josepli Sprague. gr. Harv. Coll., 1792; m. Feb. 6, 1801, Margaret, dau. of Dr. Joseph (No. 186) and Lucy (Ward) Osgood ; d. June, 1833. Merchant. 261. Stevens, Timothy, J., son of Peter and Nal)by (Johnson) Stevens ; b. in North Andover, Aug. 30, 1788; m. Almira II., dau. of Edmund and Hittie (Curtis) Herrick (b. Dec. 12, 1791; resides in Salem). He died at Salem, Sept. I, 1864. A shoe manufacturer. 262. Stickney, Judith, dau. of Col. Peter and Love (Pickman) Frye; b. in Salem; m. William Stickney, a master mariner, son of William and Mary (Sawyer) Stickney of Eowley, who d. on board of his ship at Martha's Vineyard, June, 1788; she d. in Boxford, July 15, 1837, aged 76. 263. Stone, Robert, son of Robert and Anstiss (Babbidge) Stone, b. March 16, 1776; m. June 5, 1808, Rebecca, dau. of John (No. 189) and Rebecca (Messervy) Osgood; d. Sept. 21, 1860. A merchant. 264. Story, Joshpii, son of Dr. Elisha and Mehitable (Pedrick) Story, b. in Marblehead, Sept. 18, 1779; gr. Harv. Coll., 1798; ra. Dec. 9, 1804, Mary Lynde, dau. of Rev. Thomas F. and Sarah (Pynchou) Oliver; she d. June 22, 1805; m. 2d, Aug. 27, 1808, Sarah Waldo, dau. of Hon. W. Wftraoi'e; he removed to Salem in 1801, a lawyer of distinction. Speaker of Massachusetts House of Representatives ; Representative U. S. Con- gress, 1808, 9 ; from 1811 until his decease, Judge U. S. Supreme Court; PROPRIETORS OF FIRST HOUSE. 219 ill 1830 roniovcil to Cambritljrc, liaviiiii: received tlic appoint mont of Dane professor of law in Harvard liiivorsity ; d. Sept. 10, 1X4"). 2C4a. Srn.vw, Isaiah, son of Jacob and Betsey (Bnrhank) Straw, i). in Ilopkinton, X. H., Feb. 8, 171)7; m. Rlioda Merrill ; came to Salem, Marcli, 1818. Tanner. 205. Symonds, EpiinAiM, son of Benjamin and Maru;aret (Slyho d. Feb. 25, 18G4, aged 80; d. Jan. 24, 1849. Master niariuer, and many years an officer in the Salem Custom House. 299. West, William, son of Samuel (No. 29G) and Mary (Gale) West, bapt. May 12, 1728; m. Nov. 25, 1750, Mary Beckford, who d. Sept., 1813, aged 85 ; d. Aug. 3, 1803, aged 75. Merchant. 300. Wheatland, George, son of Richard (No. 301) and Martha (Good- hue) Wheatland, b. Nov. 10, 1804; gr. Harv. Coll., 1824; m. Feb. 6, 1883, Hannah Bemis, dau. of John and Hannah (Bemis) Richardson of Newton (b. Dec. 23, 1811; d. at Salem, March 15, 1840). Counsellor at law in Salem. 301. Wheatland, Riciiaud, son of Peter and Bridget (Foxcroft) Wheatland, b. at Wareham, England, Oct. 20. 17G2; came to Salem in 1783; m. 1st, Margaret, dau. of John and Isabella (Brown) Silver; 2d, Martha, dau. of Stephen and Martha (Prescott) Goodhue (b. Feb. 2, 1770; d. Aug. 13, 1826) ; d. March 18, 1830. Master mariner and merchant. 302. Wheatland, Richakd, son of Peter and Sarah (Forsey) Wheat- land, a nephew of Richard (No. 301), b. at Wareham, England, Oct. 26, 1786; came to Salem in 1800, m. Oct. 3, 1822, Elizabeth, dau. of Elijah (No. 28) and Hannah (Buffington) Briggs (b. at Scituate, March 12, 1796; d. at Salem, Oct. 15, 1866); he d Feb. 5, 1867. Master mariner. 303. Whittredge, Thojias, son of Thomas and Sarah (Osboru) Whit- tredge, b. at Danvers in 1776; m. Sarah Trask, who d. Aug. 16, 1845, aged 78; d. at Salem, Sept. 15, 1829. Master mariner and merchant. 304. Whittredge, Thomas Cook, son of Thomas (No. 308) and Sarah (Trask) Whittredge, b. May 28, 1799; gr. Harv. Coll., 1818; m. May 7, 1827, Susan L., dau. of John and Susan Mead, who d. April 10, 1859, aged 56; d. Jan. 2(i, 1854. Master mariner and merchant. s5C Y^- ?W_Vk, «a>^ . DATE DUE *^)iu<£**-«*-*^ ^ CAVLORD PRINTCO IN U.S.A. B«