THE d §m^', OR, A POETICAL DESCRIPTION OP THE GREAT AND LAST JUDGMENT: tOul) 0tl)er poems. BY MICHAEL WIGGLESWOETH, A. M., TeacTier of t7ie Church at MalOeii in New England, 16G3. ALSO A LIEMOm OF THE AUTHOR, AUTOBIOG- EAPHY, AND SKETCH OF HIS FUNERAL SERMON BY REV. COTTON MATHER. Acts 17 : si. Because he hath appointed a Day in the which he ■will judge the World in Righteousness by that Man whom he hath ordained. Mat. 24 : 30. And then shall appear the sign of the Son of Man in Heaven, and then shall all the tribes of the Earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of Man coming in the clouds of Ileaveu with power and great glory. FROM THE SIXTH EDITION, 1715. Ncla Yorfe? AMERICAN NEWS COMPANY. 1S67. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year of our Lord, 1867, by WM. HENRY BURR, In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern ' District of New York. C. 8. WE9TCOTT & Co., Printers, 79 John street. MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR. The following is the substance of an article published in the " New England Historical and Genealogical Register," for April, 1863, written by John Ward Dean, Esq., of Boston : A century ago no poetry was more popular in New England than TVigglesworth's Day of Doom. Francis Jenks, Esq., in an article in the Christian Examiner for Nov., 1828, speaks of it as "a work which was taught our fathers with their catechisms, and which many an aged person with whom we are acquainted can still re- peat, though they may not have met with a copy since they were in leading strings ; a work that was hawked about the country, printed on sheets like common bal- lads ; and, in fine, a work which fairly represents the prevailing, theology of New England at the time it was written, and which ^Mather thought might, ' perhaps, find our children till the Day itself arrives.' " The popularity of Wigglesworth dated from the ap- pearance of his poem, and continued for more than a cen- tur}''. Expressing in earnest words the theology which they believed, and picturing in lively colors the terrors of the judgment day and the awful wrath of an oifended God, it commended itself to those zealous Puritans, who had little taste for lofty rhyme or literary excellence. The imaginative youth devoured its horrors with avidity, and shuddered at its fierce denunciation of sin. In the darkness of night he saw its frightful forms arise, and was thus driven to seek the " ark of safety" from the 4 M E M I R F T II E A U T II R . wrath of Jehovah. For the last century, however, the reputation of the Day of Doom has waned, and few at the present day know it except by reputation. The author of this book, whose wand had summoned up such images of terror, was neither a cynic nor a misanthrope, though sickness, which generally brings out these dispositions where they exist, had long been his doom. His attenuated frame and feeble health were joined to genial manners ; and, though subject to fits of despondency, he seems generally to have maintained a cheerful temper, so much so that some of his friends believed his ills to be imaginary. Rev. Michael Wigglesworth was born October 28, 1631, probably in Yorkshire, England. lie was brought to this country in 1638, being then seven years old, but in what ship we are not informed. Ilis father, Edward Wigglesworth, was one of those resolute Puritans who, with their families, found an asylum where they could enjoy their religion without molestation in our then New England wilderness, the distance of which from their English homes can hardly be appreciated now. Here they suffered the severe hardships of a rigorous cli- mate, and the fearful dangers from savage tribes around them, while uniting to build up villages which are now cities, and which still retain some of the characteristics of their Puritan founders. The determined purpose and strength of principle that conquered every obstacle was a school of severe training for the children of that period. It was natural that a father who had endured so much for conscience' sake should desire to see his only son a clergyman.; and, although the father's means were not large, the son was devoted to the ministry and given a thorough education. Michael, after nearlj' three years of preparatory studies, entered Harvard College in 1647. Here he had the good fortune to have for a MEMOIROFTHEAUTIIOR. 5 tutor the excellent Jonathan Mitchell, "the glory of the college," and famous as a preacher. The friendship here begun appears to have continued after both had left the college walls. Probably the eight stanzas " on the following work and its author," signed J. Mitchel, were written by that tutor and preacher, who was a native of Yorkshire, the county in which Yv^igglesworth is believed to have been born. In 1C51 Mr. Wigglesworth graduated, and was soon after appointed a tutor in the College. Some of his pupils were men of note in their day. Among them were, Rev. Shubael Dummer, of York, I\Ie. ; Rev. John Eliot, of Newton ; and Rev. Samuel Torry, of Wey- mouth ; but the chief of them, it will be admitted, was Rev. Increase IMather, D.D., pastor of the second church in Boston, and for sixteen years president of Harvard College. That the tutor was faithful to his trust, we have evidence from the sketch of the funeral sermon appended to this work, preached by Rev. Cotton Mather, D.D., son of Increase, who probably derived his infor- mation from his father. While a tutor, he prepared himself for the ministry, and before his father's death he had preached several times. He was invited, probably in the autumn of 1654, to settle at Maiden, as the successor of Rev. Marmaduke Matthews, but owing to long-continued sickness was not ordained there till 1056. The precise date of his ordination is not known, but it must have been subsequent to August 25, 1656, for his letter of dismission from the church at Cambridge bears that date. This letter, addressing the " Church of Christ at ^laldon," states that " the good hand of Divine Provi- dence hath so disposed that our beloved and highly esteemed brother, Mr. Wigglesworth, hath his residence and is employed in the good work of y Lord amongst (5 M E M I R I^ T II E A U T H R . 3'ou, and liath cause to desire of us Letters Dismissive to your cliurch, in order to his joining as a member with you." The ill health which had delayed his ordination at Maiden returned soon after his settlement there, and interrupted his ministry several years. He took a voy- age to Bermuda, sailing Sept. 23, 1GG3, and being absent about seven months and a half. But the tedious and stormy voyage seems to have impaired his health so much that the change of climate afforded him little re- lief, and he returned much discouraged. He met with a very cordial welcome from his friends and parish- ioners. While he was thus withheld from his ministry, he employed his time in literary labors. His Day of Doom was published about 1C62, the j'ear before his voyage to Bermuda. The first edition consisting of 1,800 copies, was sold, with some profit to the author, within a year, which considering the population and wealth of New England at that time, shows almost as remarkable a popularity as that of Uncle ToTii's Cabin. While absent on his voyage in search of health, Dec. 9, 1663, llev. Benjamin Bunker was ordained pastor of the church at Maiden. It seems that a distinction was observed at this time in New England between pastor and teacher. Wigglesworth calls Bunker " pastor" in some verses composed on his death, while on the title- page of this work he calls himself " teacher." After Wigglesworth became sole minister, he was probably considered the pastor. Bunker held this office over six years, till his death, Feb. 3, 1669-70. In the elegy on the death of his colleague, Wigglesworth highly extols Bunker's piety and usefulness. The next colleague of our author was Rev. Benjamin Blackman, settled about 1674. lie supplied the desk four years and upward. M E M I R F T n E A U T 11 R . 7 and left in tlie year 1G79. His next colleague was Rev. Thomas Clieever, son of bis early teacher, the celebrated New England schoolmaster, Ezekiel Cheever, author of Latin Accidence. These three ministers were all edu- cated at Harvard College, Bunker having graduated in 1658, Blackman in 1GG3, and Cheever in 1G77. Mr. Cheever began to preach at Maiden Feb. 14, 1679-80, was ordained July 27, 1681, and was dismissed May 20, 1686. Wigglesworth, though long prevented by sickness from officiating, never resigned his ministerial charge, as appears from a letter which he addressed to Samuel Sprague, July 22, 1C87. He was now left alone as minister of the church. He had, however, recovered Ms health in a measure about this time, which had suf- fered for nearly twenty years, and for the remainder of his life he continued in public usefulness. He died on Sunday morning, June 10, 1705, in the 74th year of his age. The epitaph on the last page of this work is believed to have been written by Cotton Mather, as it appears in the appendix to his funeral sermon as by " one that had been gratified by his Meat out of the Eater and Day of Boom.'''' Mr. Wigglesworth had at least three wives : Marj^, daughter of Humphrey Reyner, of Rowley ; JIartha, whose maiden name was probably !Mudge ; and Sybil, widow of Dr. Jonathan Avery, of Dedham, and daughter of Nathaniel Sparhawk, of Cambridge. By his first -nife he had (1) 3Iercy, b. Feb., 1655-6; m. 1st, rSamuel ?^ Brackenburv, by whom she had at least one son, William; m. 2d, fRev. 'Samuel ?1 Belcher. By his second wife, Martha, who d. 11th Sept., 1690, a. 28, he had:— (2) Abigail, b. 20th March, 1681; m. Samuel Tappan, 23d Dec, 1700;— (3) J/ar^^, b. 21st Sept., 1082 ; unm. in 1708 ;— (4) Martha, h. 21si; Dec, 1083 ; m. Wheeler;- (5) Esther, h. 16th April, 1G85; m. 1st, John Sewall, June 8, 1708, who d. 1711; m. 2d, Abraham Tappan, Oct. 21, 1713;— (6) Dorothy, h. 22d Feb., 1687-88; m. 2d June, 1709, James Upham ;— (7) Kev. Samuel, b, 4th Feb., 1689-90, d. 3d Sept,, 1768. 8 M E >I I R F T H E A U T II R . Bv his third wife, Sybil, who (1. Gth Aug., 1708, a. 53, he had":— (8) Prof. Edward, D.D., b. about 1692, d. Jan. 16, 1765. Rev. Samuel "Wigglesworth, the elder son, was settled in Ham- ilton Parisli, in Ipswich, Mass., in 1714. He m. 1st, Man-, dau. of John Brintnal, of Winnisimmet, SOth June, 1715, who d. June 6, 1723, a. 28, having borne him four children, Mary, Michael, Martha, and Phebe. He m. March 12, 1730, Martha Brown, and had nine children. Edward Wigglesworth, D.D., the younger son, took his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1710. and applied himself to the study of Divinity. He preached for some time in different parishes, and in 1722 was installed Hollis Professor of Divinity of Harvard College, Not long afterward he was chosen one of the fellows of the corporation. He left an onh' son, who succeeded him as Hollis Professor in the same cJlegc, and an only surviving daughter, who married Prof. Sewall, The following' are the various editions of the Day of Doom, so far as we have been able to ascertain : The first edition was published in 1661 or 1662, and the second four years after. These facts are obtained from memoranda by the author, which are printed in the Historical ^Magazine for December, 1863. An edition was printed in London, England, without the author's name, in 1673. This was, probably, the third impres- sion; the date of the fourth is unknown. The fifth edition is said to have been published in 1701. Mr. Dean has made diligent search and repeated inquiries, but can only find two or three copies of the edition of 1673, and several fragments which must have been parts of some of the other editions. There was an edition published at Newcastle, in Eng- land, in 1711. The next edition was published in 1715, called " the 6th edition, enlarged, with Scripture and marginal notes" — " printed by John Allen, for Benjamin Eiiot, at his shop in King street." From this edition, which was evidently the seventh, the present one is re- printed, being carefully compared with that of 1673. Another edition appeared in 1751, " Printed and sold by Thomas Fleet, at the Heart and Crown, in Cornhill," MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR. 9 Boston. The next edition appeared in 1811, " Published by E. Little & Company, Newburyport." Mass. The last edition, prior to the present, -was published in Boston in 1828, by Charles Ewer. Besides the Day of Doom, INIr. Wigglesworth published, in 1669, " Meat out of the Eater ; or. Meditations con- cerning the necessity and usefulness of Afflictions unto God's Children." The "fourth edition" appeared in 1689, and subsequent editions in 1717 and 1770. In 1686 he preached an Election Sermon, which was printed by the colony. Among his unpublished writings is a poem entitled " God's Controversy with New England, written in the time of the great Drought, Anno 1662. By a lover of New England's prosperity." ]Mr. Wigglesworth borrowed little from other poets, and what he borrowed was probably froni the commen- taries and theological treatises with which his library abounded, rather than from the poets. Not that his style is wholly prosaic, for there are passages in his writings that are truly poetical, both in thought and expression, and which show that he was capable of at- taining a higher position as a poet than can now be claimed for him. The roughness of his verses was surely not owing to carelessness or indolence, for neither of them was characteristic of the man. The true expla- nation may be, that he sacrificed his poetical taste to his theology, and that, for the sake of inculcating sound doctrine, he was willing to write in halting numbers. The author of the Day of Doom, belonging to the straitest sect of Puritans, was, like many others of that sect, a man of generous feeling toward his fellows. Rev. Dr. Peabody calls him " a man of the beatitudes." Obedience to the supreme law gave a heavenly lustre to his example and a sweet fragrance to his memory. The clergy of his day possessed a deep religious earnestness 10 AUTOBIOGRAPHY. and a fervent piety. They were Bible students and men of prayer. Even many who consider them erro- neous in doctrine, are willing to allow that they were strict in morals ; that, if they were wrong in faith, they were right in life ; that, if their creed was opaque, their hearts were luminous ; and that, if their vision did not discern the additional light which' the saintly Kobinson had prophesied was yet to break forth from God's "Word, they sincerely accepted the light they saw. They were patient, hopeful, humble, believing, faithful. They stood on a higher plane than their successors, and exercised a proportionally higher power over their hearers. Their people revered them, were constant in attendance on their services, and submitted gladly to their sway. AUTOBIOGEAPHY. I WAS bom of Godly Parents, that feared ys Lord greath-, even from their youth, but in an ungodly Place, where y^ generality ofy" people rather derided than imitated their piety; in a place '■where, to my knowledge, their children had Learut wickedness betimes ; in a place that was consumed with lire in a great part of it, after God had brought them out of it. These godly parents of mine meeting with opposition and persecution for Religion, because they went from their own Parish church to hear y word and Keceiv y^ Lords supper &c, took up resolu- tions to pluck up their stakes and remove themselves to New England ; and accordingly they did so, Leaving dear Relations, friends and acquaintance, their native Land, a new built house, a flourishing Trade, to expose themselves to yo hazzard of j° seas, and to y" Distressing difficulties of a howling -ftMlderness, that they might enjoy Liberty of Conscience and Christ in his ordinances. And the Lord brought them hither and Landed them at Charlstown, after many difficulties and hazzards, and mo along with them, being then a child not full seven years old. After about 7 weeks stay at Charlstown, my parents removed again l)y sea to New liavcn in y^ month o? October. In our passage thither we were in great Danger by a storm ^vhich drove us upon a Beach of sand where wo lay beating til another Tide fetcht us off; but God carried us to our port AUTOBIOGRAPHY. H in safetj'. Winter approaching wc dwelt in a cellar partly under ground covered with earth the first winter. But I, remember that one great rain brake in upon us and drench t me so in my bed, being asleep, that I fell sick upon it ; but ye Lord in mercy spar'd my life and restored my health. When ye next summer was come I was sent to school to Mr. Ezekiel Cheever, who at that time taught school in his own house, and under him in a year or two I profited so much through yo blessing of God, that I began to make Latin and to get forward apace. But God who is infinitely wise and absolutelysoverain, and gives no account concerning any of his proceedings, was pleased about this time to visit my father -with Lameness which grew upon him more and more to his dying Day, though he liv'd under it 13 j'ears. lie wanting help was fain to take me off from school to follow other employments for y" space of 3 or 4 years, until I had lost all that I had gained in the Latin Tongue. But when I was now in my fourtecntli year, my Father, who I suppose was not wel satisfied in keeping mo from Learning whereto I had been designed from my infancy, and not judging mo fit for husbandry, sent me to school again, though at that time I had little or no disposition to it, but I was willing to su'omit to his authority therein and accordingly I went to school under no small disadvantage and discourage- ment, Being those that were for inferior to me, by my dis- continuance now gotten far before me. But in a little time it appeared to be of God, who was pleased to facilitate my work .and bless my studies that I soon recovered what I had lost, and gained a great deal more, so that in 2 years and 3 quar- ters I was judged fit for ye Colledgo and thither I was sent for from my parents and acquaintance among strangers. But when fother and mother both forsook me then ye _ Lord took care of me. It was an act of great self denial in my father that notwithstanding his own lameness and great weakness of Body which required ye service and helpfulness of a son, and having but one son to be ye staff of his age and sup- I)orter of his wealiness, he would yet for my good, be content to deny himself of that comfort and Assistance I might have Lent him. It was also an evident proof of a strong Faith in him, in that he durst adventure to send me to ye Colled.ge, though his estate was but small and little enough to maintain himself and small family left at home. And God let him Live to see how acceptable to himself this service was in giving up his only son to .X , ,,• . ^-^ .-_ x_ T ! :„ii„ ,.e Lively notwith- ye Lord and bringing him up to Learning ; especially y actings of his faith and self denial herein. For first, JgL standing his great weakness of body, yet he Lived til I was far brought up as that I was called to be a fellow of ye Col- ledge and improved in Publick seivice there, and until I had preached several Times ; yea and more than so, he Lived to seo and hear what God had done for my soul in turning mo from Darkness to light and from ye power" of Sathan unto God, which filled his heart full of joy and thankfulness beyond what can bo expressed. And for his outward estate, that was so far from being sunk by what he spent from year to year upon my cdu- 12 AUTOBIOGRAPHY. cation, that in 6 years time it -was plainl}' douMed, -nliich lilm- self took great notice of, and spake of it to m3'self and other?, to jo praise of God, with Admiration and thankfuhiess. And after he had lived under great and sore affliction for y« space of 13 years a jjattem of faith, patience, humility, and heavenlv mindedness, having done his work in my education and receiv^i an answer to his praj'ers, God took him to his Heavenly Rest, where he is now reaping y® fruits of his Labors. When I came first to ye CoUedge, I had Indeed enjoyed je benefit of Religious and strict education, and God in his mer'cj' and pitty kept me from scandalous sins before I came thither and after I camo there, but alas I had a naughty vile heart and was acted by corrupt nature, therefore could propound no Risht and noblo ends, but acted from self and for self. I was indeed studious and strove to out doe my compeers, but it was for honour and applause and preferment and such poor Be