# V ^ 03 -^-^ 13 g h> TO •t ^ -J o c 1 § OS « Ej 3 CL J^ 8 M- tzi c o 1 . b ^ P^ ■^ S •^ S >=^ P^ J 1^1 %►* o O O ^ ^ i ^cf t /0?l^ THE MIRROVR OF MINDES, Or 'con animorum. -fc EngUfhcd by LONDON, Printed by Iohn Norton, forTHOMAs Walkley^ and arc to bee fold at his (hop,at tftc figne ot the Eagle and Child in B/i^ tams-9urfe, i€^i. TO THE RIGHT HO- nourable, ^Eifharc/, Lord Weflon, Lord , high Trcafurcr o(Eng-\ /W, Knight of the moilNobleOr- d?r,&c. My Lord, UlGHTbe f car efuU, thai 'flerofthekar- ncd Languages {as your A 3 Lord^ ; The Epiftle Dedicatory. Lord/Jjjp is known e to be) hauing before read thu acute difcourje in the Ori- ginaQ^and emojedthe An- t hour in hu omieflrength and elegmce , might not onely Jeuerely cenfure my r^eake tranflation-^but iufl- b neglect the Prefentation ofity asathingneedelefe and improper to your tear- ned(el/efButmaj itpleaje your Lor d/Jpip to admit rry reafons? Firfl^the greater jour abilities are ^ the more authority mllyour Name £iue The Epiftlc Dedicatory, '^ giue the worke to thofe tha are meere EngliftiR^?^- dcTi^ and to -st^hom my paines mofl properly doe belong. Barclay , the learned Author^ haiiing '^tth a /harps and penetrating fight furueyed the diffe- rence of humane difpofiti'' om^ and loth to bound hii fame within the narroyi> limits of his o^ne Lan- guage, cloathedhuyimke ( and that mofl elegantly ) in the Roman tongue. A 4 ^3 The Epiftlc Dcdicafoy. iJJefiourEn^Mdi Gentle- men{ai many oj them as car not mafltrths Original) (bouldlofe ibefenfe offucb a worke^ haue madeaduen" turc to benefit them , and with the lojje ( f enhance ) of mine ox^nefamej to ex- tend the fame (?/Batclay, Thefecond reafon^ and the thiefej '9i>hy Iprefentttto jf our Lord/hip y udrawne from that analog -vphich I conceiue htrpeene the mat- ter of this booke and your mindejbeingfuch^asit may be The Epiftlc Dedicatory. he thought, if the Author himfelfe had I'med in thu flate,he would hme chofen the fame Matron -, your tnirJe {my I ord)being not mely moulded for the Mit ■ Jesto hue, ht made for puhlike and high implqy- mentSy hAtnotonely occafi- onto meete the differences of humane dijpoftions, but ability ofiud^ement to dif- cerne them i and with a confdous delight may rm ouer the mention o^ theft things beer e, which jour f»¥e r ThcEpiftlcDcdicatorjr." Jelfe haue by experience al- ready found j^ and meet e in Jomepam ofthudifcourfe^ your owneperfeSiions tru^ ly chara£lered. To you^my Lord, to y^bofe Noble bofome the Mufes heretofore haue re- Jorted jer delight^ they nox^ flye for Patronage and/helter. Jo your hands J humbly prejent this weake endeauour, befee- ehing Almighty GOD to bleffe jou fpith con* tinuance and encreaje of tern- The Epiftlc Dedicatory. ^ temporal Honours , (ind after;^ith eternall Happi- nefjeifrprayeth Your Lordftips Hioft humbly dcuotcd Tho; May. The Firfl Chapter* The Foure ages cF mair ChildhoodXouthj UMtdle-age y Old- age. THe making,or marring oriTiankindc,as of othci- creatures, is, e(ptcialiy, in their lirft age. Jii 1 reej, the Iprigs, whiicil they are rcnder,wiil veild with eaiV, to the grafters hand,and grow by his dire^ion^eithcr ftraighr, or crooked. Soe.the inindes of infants, by their Parents skiilj no Icfl^jthcn their bodiesjby the Midvviucs hand, may with cafe B be .2 ^the Mirrmr be in-^uIdcd into fuch a falLioi^ as will be durable in afrer-ages.i 7 he ieedes -cipeciajly, and Km-[ diinentdil parts of vertne,are| by an car!)', and ibong peifwa-| lion,to bee foe cngi^ctd into! them, that they need notkiiQvVjl "whicher nature or prarcepc Vvxre the teachers of them. To be dntifjilto their parents mid obedient to their connlels jto alhorre intemperance, lying, 2l\-\^ deceite, as prodigies and things vnufuall; to adore efpe- ^allythe power oF God, and Ibmerimes by mercy , (bme- ticRCsby iudgement,toconfi(!er of it. Thefe things mull: bee taught them, without trouble or fcuerity > tor what euer wee follow for foai e ofpunifliment, £oin thcfa:ne things with a fad loaihi:'g wcc vie to bee. autife, 0^ -J/jW'^-'r, 5 auerfcjand the Iiatred concei- ucd in our yourh^ I know not by whac cuirome or horroiir, wee of c noariili in our old age. They muft duly bee leafor.ed with indru'^ions eoiicerning the excellency and rewards of vertue-^and vices in a rham'.full and difdaincfull manner,ra'uft be named to them, to make them altogether ignorant, thar fuch vices are now often in publike pracflifed, and without infamy. Being thus brought vp in fuch gentle rudiments,they wiii hate vices , and learne not to feare vertueas too rigid, and harfha miftrefle. They willeafily bee bi'olight to thefe beginnings of right di(cipline,by the guidance of their parent? and teachers, whofe opinions, like diuinc U racks, will akogethcr fway B 2 iheir .^ irje Mtrrour their minds yet weake, and not rroabled with the ambition of iudging. Befides this, they cannot be alkircd,by the fiatte- 1 itig promifes of any vice,\v hofc age as yet^is not onely vnexpe- riencai oF plcafure, but vtrei ly incapable of it : they will there- fore cafilycondemnc that thing, which in the iudgement of their friends,is diilioneft, zxA comoiended to themfelues, by noe tentfptation.NoriWOLild we here initiate their childhood in any &ch torment , as (iiperfti- tious, and anxious piety ^ but manly, and _ wary v cr ti. e ; for; lii'Ct I he mindes of men^by; an ■ inliied waight, bend hcauily do w nw aid to the woi (1 *. hingsi wee had iieede to bow them, \\hi;eyetxhey,are endcr, quite, con crary ; t iiat^ by t hi s meanes :: when sf Mindes, 5 when their naturall force fliall bring them backe,they may yet rctaincahappymcane betwixt their nature^and education. But in this dircipUne of tender yO'^th,as foone as their mindes -arefenfibleofpraifejthe defirc of it is to bee kindled in them, that they may then learne, and accuftome them^elucs to affeft honour ;and in all exercifes,ei- ther infchooles, or abroad at play,theymay labour with de- light to excell rheir equals. Be- rides,when their gge encreafirr, fnall bring thefn by degrees as it wcre,out of bo!\daae,roe that both the awe of their parents may not toofenfibly decrease ia them, and they not wanton it, through afudda ne.andVnexr'^- (^t^ encreafeof libcrr>':wc i^i'ft leaiie their childhood tothofc B 3 dcligh 6 The Mkrour delights wbicb are pfopertc that age, kaft we fhouid fceme to accufe nature, which hath Ordained that age to bee weake and feeble ; and vnfea'brable ib wing of vvjfedome in them, conupt their natures, not yet ripe lorfiich infli unions. Let hRiinelefie wantonncfle be free- ly allowed tbcin; let them gent- ly r>e taught leaining, rather as a charge of recreation then a loatbtcixie burthen ; and rather fea: c,ihen fe£!e,ti:e^corrcd ion citheir parents': let them ladly , cnjcy that (rf-cdcme wh.ieh na- ture in pity hath bellowed on thtni ; r;or bee forced to endure the panilhiip-ent of hnrrane caresjbefore thf^y hauedefcrued them; vnleffe we think Cjir may be accounted smongthc leafl of niiichiefes, when ehildi en alto* get her ^ of Afindes, gether lefli aintd from p!?yln|j, aic(iike tbevi,e; and arc wee {oe blinded in minde, that what w'-e behold in other creatures, AvVeyther nff.e^'V, or will not vuderttand in our owne chjl- drenfN.ithc^-y«isth!S3gtof Infancy to be. kclooferoan U J innnr.c infinite liberty ; let them with -^ moderation bee kept in awe, taught to rcuerence their pa- rents highly,and bee euer igno- rant, how much liberty is per- mitted to them. For if the na- ture of a child be too malapert and full of fierceneifcthele pra:-* cepts of lenity belong not to him ; that fwelling, which the vice of nature has cngendrcd iq . him , and which often the pa-f ^ rents too much gentlencfle hath ripened, and brought to a per- fect vlcer,rarty beeeafily laiiCed, and taken avvay.whiieft yet it is grecne,and ofeafie growth. Aiter this manner,thcir deligh- ted childhood ihal befieelyleft, both to their own.and their pa- rents pleafurej& after they haue fulhlkd the foliy of their harm* krte concupifcence, age itfc'lfe will of Minxes ^ \ \ ' will by little and littie., change theirdefires jand therootesof vercue wiillprirg vpin thtm, which they wiil loje, nor foe niuchbyhcac oFKa:urc,as iudg* nienr.-Then they will biin-^ lo their ^r(lyouih,andtwiligh:of wildoine,a miud;^ Frte,akoge- thcrqiies which by ihe verLus oFtheireducation»\\ illcifily eni brace thebtauty oFi hat hghr. Bur as caery nicane is direcUy oppoltd totvvoextieame vices more concrary to each other, then to the middle virtue; foe t hofe t ha t u' ou Id ca 1 1 1 he ra w mindes of children to too ba- ity a ripeficfTeoF ft i? dies, may well bee aceufed as igriorant oF the rtrengthjwhich nz. iirehaih beftowed vpon tha: ag'.\ For befidcSjthar Fonie childi en haue rach-hipe wits , a:> Papyrius child- ; i The Mirrcffr Childhood was iadged worthy of the Romanc Senate. There is alio a natuiall dowry, and wealth beftuwed vpoa thole yeares>a ftrcngth of capacious, and cafy memory, which is eucr greateft in the time of their childhood, and with an obfti- nate felicity able to retaine %vhat euer it hath then learned .• bat as age encrtafeth , the me- mcry by iittle and httle decay- cth;like to a Dew of foueraignc Medicine to the body of man, which m the hot countries falls vpon the leaues of Holley ; vii- lelTe it begathered at the breakc of day,ic will afterwards vanifh at the fun-ri(ing.Therefore wit h many, and often difcourfes»with much reading of profitable Hiftory, let their mindesbce iil'led^thatchildreiiynwittingly may may leceiue Tuch good thirds as will afterwards g.ow vp in thcm,whii:hcr they willornoe. The variety alio of Languages, which is gotten by vs, with much expence ot tiKe,wiIi be ea fiiytaughc our growiug children by often difcourfing, and con- Herung with them ; fo that thefethingsof little labour acd noc iudgemcntjwili eailly be at- tained vntOjby that age,whick is neither ftrong for labour, nor ripe for iudgcuient. But if wee fhall fufferthiseafie.and moift memoryjto grow en.ptily dry; thofevcry things muft be after- wards learned with long and wcarilbme labour,v/hich in our infancy ,had bin better and with le(re weaiiforones ftorcd vp:for w bat is more miferable/ hen to beeenfoi ctd to fpcnd that time of 1 4 7 he Mirrour oF mans cftate, which nature huh ordained a time of vvife- domc(choagh tooro ihoitfor foe many Artes and Scienc€5)ia fach thiags,as our empty child- hood, if well nurturedjhad fto- red vp fafely m the clofets oF our memories. But in the chiIdhood,there are often prefages of future ver- tueSjOr vices ; nature beginning to build a foundation fit for tbeir follOAVing abilities. Cj^r/y/, that firft founded the Perfian Monarchy , was then bcleeued to bee a fhepheards child, when there appeared in him thar great fpiric , which after- ward put a yoake vpon the neckes oftbe whole Ea'Lwhea he was a Boy>hte played among Boyes oF his owne age ; and being chofeii King 'h^ the chance Of Mi fides. 1 ^ cliance of play,hef truly eaccrci- fed the regali power ouer bis play felIowcs:t hole that were {lubborne,with a high and con- fident Cif not too proud) a Ma- iefty hee feuerely puni£hv d. The fathers of thofechildrenjwhoin Cjrfis had beaten, complained of it to King tAflj^ges : the King commanded Cyrris to bee brought to himjwho vvasno- ihingdauntedjncrtxprclTtd any childifl:), or lowfeaie,at fighc of the Throne,and royah Dia- dem; hee (aydjhee was chofen King among the Boye5,and had done nothing but theoiiicc of a King. tAfi^^ges fufpeding from this fome greater matters then the prefent fortunes of the Boy pcrfwaded, enquired more narrowly of his birth, and pa- rentage; and at lafl found him to l6^ The LMirreur to be bis ownegrandchilde, his daughters lonne. That ^rf^^, who was afterwards called f^n- cenlisfiom tht City of rttca^ where he killed hlmfeire ; was in hi s infancy more then a chi!d. When the Latiuc Emballadours were come to %^me^'2is fiiitors for the endenizanon of their country ,they went to the houfe oTLimus DrufuSyCatoei v ncle, who broa;]ht him vp i There the Embafladours asking the child m ieftjif he would entreaty his vncle for them , hee anfvve- rcd not a word, but looked vp- on them with a fierce coujitc- naiice. The Embafladours won- deriijg at tht ftubborncde of foe youi;ga boy5beg3ntop.atrer,& a!>d af rerwaid to threaten him ' but could not exrort a word ti Q.n him j ai iaft,lifting him out of. of tj\^indes, \J oFthe window in a high cham- ber,thcy made Mm beletuc,they would tbiovv him, downe ; but . bee (cprning to fea;e at all, knit his browes J aud looked more fierQcIy ox\ t l5cm,tl;jtri he did be- fore; a p'tfage,©!- beginni:^g as it were^oithar awfull ftuciity, whig.h his whole life did after- ward exprcffe. But they are of- ten deceiu*d, who by the bthi- uiour of chiidien.vvill iudge too haftily of their future difpofiti- Oiis. For it miift becfome great (igne,andiirmeIyconll:antabo'tie the lenity of that a^^, which miift be brought, as ai'i tfcduall argii.mentjto iudge of the incli- nation of ^he futurc,and flexi- ble yeares.There is one prefage, wbjc.h fcldome, or neuer dccei-. uethvs, theeafy fiiedding of teai cs \\\ a child. For thofe chil- dren. 1 8 Th Mirrour di en , whicli at the firft apprc- Hon of griefe can tiuely weepe, are ofa fofter nature,and moul- ded, as it v/ere , for humanity and loue. Some other children } ou fhall fee, though they cry aloud, yet maug^e the threac- ningjOr beating of their parents, are dry- eyed : thof^^whcn they grow vp, are of fierce natures ; Or elfe, their diifembling and darke bofomes^doe neuer enter. , taine^eyther true afFedions, or mil fcsrcs. At thtir iirfl: entrance into mans ellate/he hcare of blocd, and too great an apprchenfion of their owne flrength, doth bieede in them a wonder full change , and carry away their mindesjas it were with a tide of inconfrderate coafidencCjand vainc fe«urity» That age.is the firft firft that is fitted to entertaine delight ; and reio^'ccs not more in the tail of pleafur^s, then in the fi^edome and libenyj which they haiie, to enjoy tbcm. They know not how to bee prOLiidcntfbr after-iimes, for their ilrcngrhs yet raWjCai- not coliuer how obnoxioust hey are to the turncs offortuncjai^d the many obieif>s of pitafure, and dehght,haue foe pofH (Ttd their foules, they ha .e left noe roome, nor kifure,to entertaine fcnerewifedome, which at the firft view doth (eemetrouble- fome.Then indeed,doth nature moft ftrongly carry eiiery dif- pofition (-not with a vainc, cr diflcmbleddefire) tohisowne ftudies , For which efpecially bee was firft formed. For then thofe, whom an humble fancy 20- ThLMftroHr doth inuite to low fn^chanicaU"^ trades , doe by the guidance of farCjembrace tliofe Arts, which were ordiined tor them: Some are addicled to the difcipline ofwarre : o;.heis by the vigour and ability o^* wir,are carried to the Mulc'SjOr publike bufineflc; and eueiy kill Jco^ humane dii^ po/iiions , by the condud of Nature^isthus adopted into his owne tribe. For ii- Nature doe not loyne a certainc dcfire, and fvveeteneffe , to the profit of thofe labours, which Ihce dorh prefcribe •, certainely youth, which is (cai cegouerned by any region , nor apt to entertain© any thing vnpleafant, might a!- moll bee excuftd , thouglr it went aft ray. Moreouer ,that naturall vi- gourmand mtiitation of indulh-y will •vf Mmdes» < 1 1 will fhewit felfe ,euen in thofe eaic.cfic liuesj which aic alto- gether fequcftrcd From labour and bufineffe; like the Stcdcs of graflc,which in fpight of (tones thatoppofc ihcir growthjWill ftiootc out their tops, through littleeranyes; toAcvv (at the leaft) that their growth is kil- led For V. hen young men haue k)ft themlelues,eitlier by (loth, riot , or a mad deiire oF too muck rociety,and wearied with their Iports, and plcafure^jthcy retire fomenmes to a (hew of kbour,and (lightly bufie thcm- fclucsinir, onelytofeructheia as a change of deHghr;thcy will fallcfpcciaily vponthat buiines, which Nature had giuen them a fit mindc at^d Genius to fol- low with induftric. See that thofe motions to ccrtainc art {• ons 24 Jhe Mirrour onsinfufed by fate ioto euery man, can aeuer be vvholy extin- g iflicdoi pejifh. But 35 trees out of ftrength and plenty of noui ifhment doe g'rowtoo ranck,and fpredthem- (elues inio vnnecefiary bran-? ches, but when that rancknelTe \% beterrjpened,and conc0v5led, they profpcr with happy fruit j foe,a young man of a hot, and high fbule , after his firft free- donieis ouerpaft^may well take vpjin fuch a moderation , as is fit to entcrtaine the beft wife- dome. But if from the begin- ning of his youthjhee haue al- ^^?ayes flic wed. a mature and' fober flrength ot minde ; bee- will languiih away in %'^nprofi-. table dullneflfc before his old age.But rbts clpecially is a great tokiii of futuic venue, if ai- mongft mong all his pleafures a::u cc- lights hee loue wiih eageriHile any one thing ^ and fbllovv tl:at delight (vvhatloeuer it be) with too feemingly vehement and . £erce an appetite. For this hot defire of his,at the leaft declares,, that hee is able to enteitainea true and laborious defire oF thofeftudies, which he afFeds ; without which difpofitionno ■ man can truely cyther follow . vertue, or dedicate himfclfc to glory. But although the counfcls of old age bee fometimes diftafl- full to the freedome of youth • yet the opinion, which young men haue.thac their owne wil- dqme will verencreafe,begetsin the-maWghefteemeof old men as thinking that they, which .naue already traudlcd throiigh one i 4 "the ^^Inour the paths of youth, are able to direc^l thole, which are now in it. The tnisc^of man, in this age,is wondroudy ambitiojs of piaife,a id g'oi)^; impatient ot* difgrace ; not long ptrlTltmg m the fame refoluiions ; m:;ch felfe^admiring ; not able enough to chooie friends, nor to refill: that loathing,which may after- wards grow.But for any exploit, which by. a- (uddaine ftrength, and ability of mifidc,may be in- uentedjOr d0ne,noc age of mor- tality is fitter,then the heatc of youth Soc, that we might iudge that the office of Childhoods tolearnejand retainebyailrong memory , the deed es,& Q)eeche$ t)f their Anccftours;ofYouth,to inucntja^^^and ipeake^things al- together newjand lafl:Iy,of Mid* die age to moderate it felfc by obfer- of Mrndes ij uations from both the former. The next, is the Middle age of man,cqually diftant from the daiigerous giddynefle of youth, and the burden oF old age : in which, the minde and body doe both foe flourifh, that then ono- ly you would thinke them to be truely men, and that all the life which man enfoyes, may feemc to bee giuen him, for this ages fake. The body, and minde, are both exceedingly changed from what in youth they were : as their choifeof meates,and plca- furcs, arc not the fame ; foe, their manners, and all their de- fires, are much diffcrcnr, and moulded (as it wereanevv).The minde \% ftrong,enIightncd, and enlarged , (as it were from the darkc mifts of youth) it begins to ccnfure with much rigour, C the. a ^ The MirroHr the trefpalTcd errours of tlic faine,and wonder at it (elfe,tbat before, foe improiiidetitly it could goe aftray.. From thence, arifes a profitable repentance, an:] diligence , to rcpaire the ruines, which youth has made. They are great feekers of wealth 5 and honour, and foe greedily labour to acquire the ornaments, and fupporters of hfejasihhey thought, their Hfe we; e endlcfle. Noc age is more canning, then this Middle as;e,ifj' diiTemblingfriendlliippj^nd go- ucrning their affedions. They then begin, to ■ be truely valiant, moderating, noc extinguifliing thatheate of courage, by which youth was raflily carried vpon reuenge and fury. The indge- ment then is found, and pcrfcc% nor carried haflily by the tor- rent of Mindes. 2^ rent of youth, nor fuffering vn- der the infirmities of a crazed body. They are wary m their vices, and louc not vcrtue, (for the moil part ) without hope of re ward. Bur, old age by little and little, like a tide, ouer flow- ing this happy middle elUce of mans hfc , doth benumme his blood, and afterward his vndcr- ftanding.This agedifFcringin ha bit,afFc6lions,& manners, doth partly cncreafc the vertues of the former ages , and partly mikc them degenerate into vi- ccs.Fearc cfpcci«lly,is the com- panion of that agc,& difturbeth the minde, a feat otherwifc fit, to containc wifcdome.For old men, deftitutcofthathcate of minde, which infpircth forti- tudc,and through many courfes both of their owne , and other C 2 mens 28 The Mirrour incus dangei s , hauing arriued Pt that age^ai e vfuallytoomucii perplexed, in ccnfideration of thofceuill$>.whichcytherthtxn- felues haue efcapcd , crothcis baue bcene ruined by. Fiom Iitncc it happens , that the ftrength of conn fell, andwJfe- di^ine, the^reatcft endow ment of old age, is often corrupted by toonnuchfeare, wbilcft it looketh too uajily , euen into the fafeft things^ and had raihcr haue wounds vnliappily concea- led, then cocae into t lie ventU'- lousdargerof acujc. Happy was that delay cr,w ho clofcly encamped, kept cff, (as it were with a iLield, or buck* ler) the fury of Hanniball, from the mine oihnly^xho^t Fabius, the chiefe prcfcruer of the Rq- raanc Empire; yet how Kcare was was ir,'that 'this Fabius, by too to fcarefall, andfuperflitious an opinion, had aiicited againe from ^o/w.*, her felkity, which "wa J then rcruming,P«Mi«^ri- piahzdhycd t he proieifl, of car- Tying the \v2rrc into Africkf ; by tnac msaics onely , was Hannibal I ioht rem90ued,and drawne out of the bowells of Z^^//, torcHcuethediAreffe of his ownecoantry.F^^/«iil/A*-/- mm too fearefully weighing all the dangers of foe great an ex- pedition", ( when to his ownc too much delaying nature, old 8gc was added ) had tlmoft in- tcrucrted this wholefome pro- iev^ of foe braue a Gtnerall, and inthatjthefafetyofthe Romane Einpire.But this one blemifh in old men, their other veitucs may well eKCu(c;efpecially,their wifedoHie in coniCv'^uriRg of C I things '^^ 7 he Aiirrour things to come^ Which wile- domeconfirmed*,inthetK,by the remembrance of times paft,the kfie it is obged to the organs of the body ,wich the greater pu- rity » andconfuItingjM it were, with hcauen it fclfe, ) it forc- fccth Gii things. How manyGittie.s, and Em- pires, by their wilVdome, hauc beenf pi efejut'd; how many be- nefits priuatc m.en^which hauc followed the counfelt ofthea- ged', haue reaped thereby i ;is ancient hiftorics haue all recor- ded, foe daily expedtncc may well inftrud vs. ^nd from hence, (peihaps) proceedes, that great , and vnwearicd de- fire of talking in old men ; as W it w^erea fpurre, giuen by Na- ture, for fcarc it Hiould be wca- rifofme tothofemcn, to teach aiid of Mwdes, ^ I v^nd inftmi5l>\vho of alloihas are moil: able to doc it. But many of them in this maiter, can Icldome obfeiue a inodci atioii , but in an infiriite difcomlt ^when young men ap- ply themf clues vntothcm) re- late all ncedkfle paflages, and tdions wbarfocuer, of tUir fermer liues;and nor contented (which is moft tioublefomc ) with OiX vexation,as they light vponthe fame young ma^jthcy wiii cither find, or make anoc- cafion for the fame difcourfe ; and the more patient, or (Kamc- faft the young man if, whom they haue gotten to this torture of healing, the more cruelly they wiir bee fmc . to pnniili him. Nor, doe th^y loue onely to bee heard ; but when their counfdl is asked in any thing,or C 4 they. 5i The Mirronr they of their owne accords ed^ • HOT fu^er the fight to bee too much difperied through the cmptie aire ; the riuer Thames filling the adioyning ^t\dts witfe._ a mofl pleafant fruitfullnefrei;/; and at the foote of the hill , the wanes returning in manner of a ring,haue almoft made an Hand of it. All along the channel!, were (hips of all ki ndes, both for warreand trailique ; thoic, that were neare, I might who- ly difcerne; thofe that were far- ther off, or partly hidden, by interposition Of riling bankej, appeared to mine t^^ by their malls, and ^di^t yards* like a na«» ked wood in tli© winter rime* The whole coaft is inoft fwectly verdant, and the pvoflt of of Mindes* 5p ofpafturc has exempted it from tillage ; nor hardly , is there ground any where more abun- dantly fruitfull for grazing of cattell.Thelandsofpriuate men, after the manner of their coun- try, were fenced with ditches^ wfeofe bankes were adorned with rowes of trees : efpccially the high waies one each fide wcrcplaated with popIars,thac the whole valleys to hitn , that f^rueycd them, from the top of the hill, appeared like conti- nued gardens , and walkes of pleafure. But the greatcft de- light i^,that foe faire a verdancy is almoftdiftingurflied intodi- ucrfe colours j the places, which are farthcftdiftant, Sha- dowed by the face of the skie, doe feemc of an ar .re hewc ^ thofe which are nearer, and ful- ler 4® like (J{(frrsur fcr of trees more tl^ck-leaucd arc of darker colour; the graffe on the ground prcfenring a thin- ner, but brighter grecnc : but the inoft bcautifullobied , is London it ftife^ti^eemcd among, thcfiireft of the Cities of Eu- rope, a City of innumerable houfeSj yet fcarcely able to con- taine her peopte. For at the o- iher fide of the RiuerThameSjit is farre extended , and adioy- nethitfelfe to the neighbouring townes, foe that the buildings arc continued for foure miles together. In all this fpace, not onely priuate houfes, bat faire Churches of perfpicuoushcight doeeufiry where difplay their beauty ; and the middle of the City, (like the fwelling or boffe of a buckler ) is raifed by the ftru(aure of their greateft . Temple of LMindeSi 4* Temple. Whileft r was carryed away with this fuddaine delight , I began to recal my mindc , and thustoconriderwichmy felfe. Whatfliould it bee , thar ihts vnavvarcs had laujiTicd niee ? why fliould this profi^d foe wonderfully plcafc ^ v.'hat hid- den foice, orreafoi), had thus wrought vpon my minde? was it the City ofLondon? the courfc oFthe riuer?the mouiitaines? or the profpea of the fields, and woods ? None of all thefe ; but foe faire a variety,and the induf- try (as it were ) of Nuure.dif- playing her richer* I began then to thinkc with' my feltc , that there was no* thing in the world foe exacfliy bwutifull,but atlaft would g'ut. A I Thf MirroHT and weary the beholder, vi+Icfife after thai maniier (as this place was) it were beautified with contrarieties, and change of en* c'owmentSjto refrefli coiuinu- aly the wearied beholder with vnexpe<5lednoucltics. And,bc- caiifc the world was to bee fra- med in perfedion of beauty. Nature was not foi-gerfull of foe great an art. Some countries \ ineehath lifted to the tops of j inountaines : others, ihee hath I thruft downe. into the valleys : Some , Aae hath fcorched with immoderate heat , others,ihee conderaneth to extremity of winter ; the rcfiduc, {hee or- dained (though not.c^ttaily ) temperate. rr , : r/i All lands are not fruit fulf,nor all barren : nor doe cither con- tinue fo€ at all times. Some " coun« of fjiiirtdet, ^f countries, that heretofore wer« rich . a^e no\v.!cie!^brtncd , and eouered oiier with barren lands: ©thcrs,.th*t of old, were mife- rably barren are no\v growne into rliac abundant fmiliey, as to ^.^frheirance(lors, from whole I ability they were then fallen/ '■ But if wee obferbc the tur- ning? of the Romane Empire, and thepaflagesof times nea- rer vnto vs, vyce (hall more cer-i tainely difcouer the changeable Geniuses of the ages. Vnder tAugufius^ %^ome in peace had adorned hergreatiicfsc,with all the drefses of true humanity : and among other things, her language was then in the height of purity. By fmall things wee may gueffc at the great er.From whence proceeded foe many Poets of kappy rapturcs,and nu- merous ftraincs rn thofc times, but firom fomc ccrtainc Spirit, which then in(pircd them? which had neuer before bcene piopitiouj to Italian Poetg,and after- 43 The LMirro»r ^ afterwards againc forfooke them. Thole Few vcares,froixi| Nerato Tr^^?^,bacl many Voiis^ and many that laboured la the i^A^y of Rhetorike; in whom the declining of the Romane Ian guage did plaincly appear e; in- liead of the natiue beauty, and maicftyofir, which was then loft,they vfed obfcure^nd fwcl- kng heights, with forced i^cn^ tences inftcadofnaturall.Atthe feme time,ihthe reigne of i\^^r^, that peacx was broken, which had long fetled the Romanc Empire y and all the world was filled wirh comb.iiftion;nothing, but warrc was in the mindes of all men , i ri VrAnce^x n Germmy^ aad the vtco^moft parts of the Eafterne world. From ^whence proceeded it, but from s certainc force, whiclj 1 may almcft call fate, fivaying the hearts of men to thofe endcs, that are ordained for them? in the age that fol- io wed,! he elegance of lang uagc was wondertully loft ; and bc- caufcthe fouldicrs had all povv cr , the manners of the people were Iturned backc to their old ferity. Yet humanity ft roue againft thofe mifchiefcs, vntiil torreync Nations inuaded the Empire ; and what of all things was raoft milcrable,noe memo- ry aimoft was left of the loft fciences ; thofe that were borne \\\ thcle times , feemed to bee borne , though not to a fierce, yet a blind barbarifme;and moft of their anceftors, whofe wri- tings contained morality, or hi- ftory^whiletheirbookes by the negligence of pofterity were loft ilici dy a fecond& a worfc death. D the 5^0 The Minr9Hr Tb? other" Alts were taugh in more rnde and vnpolini waies, or eUe were altogethe io.t. Not long afterjtxicn wer flgiine grovvne to th'j louc 0 k-arntng ; but fuch was the vn happyiicfle oFthe times, tha bredd them , that t.hey migh feeke learning , but not attain it ; if wee call that learning which is the knowledge of an tiqaity,and iudgement,notonc \y ir\ the fchoole-fubtilties , bu in the higheft andnobleft things and laftiy, fuch a kind ofinllnj d ion and literature , as oar an ceftors did honour in men e their time. There was notwithftandinj A kindc of learning then vfcd, a greeablc to the difpofirions a thofc times : as with great M pu^ation,and eager eauiliing(m ilca« of Mindes. j I ftead of eicpIayning)Philofophy and Diuinity, to pcrplcxe them inore : ia the Law,to extend the (enterxes of wife men , the de- crees of Emperours, and ordi* nances of Popes , into mad and immcthodicali volumes, to the eternal! vexation of the ftudent: but mofi: of them had gotten this way of writing, that what argument locuer they m^^c choyce of, they deliuercd to their readers, as their owne,thc words and fentcnces of former authors concerning thac Tub-' led. Soe the errour of one, was oftentimes as a flippcry place for others to fall • and many fiX)m the right opinion of one man, did boi row wifcdome. And what titles foeuerihey giue their bookes,they thought j it not indecent to digrefle into D % ncucf .5> The Mirrottr ; ncuer foe gcnerall difccurfcs*! ,What hiiloi ies written inthoic times, did not begin at the crea- ti^n of the world? what part . of humane affaires , ts oft as it , was written by thofe rude v/its, was [not dravvnc intoaftraftgc . conf«iion?and that you mayper- ceiue , that thofe menw^ere not wanting to Nature, butNaturc fferfclfe was ftraightned and . fick,they were very induftriou5, and wanted not the fignes eCfm* cere wifedomc^in bandh'ng thole parts of feience , which onely were allowed by fortune vnto that age. Which was in the Philofophcrs, a'fubtilc way of ,di(puting;in the Lawyers [a skiH rather to know the intent of the law then todifliHguifli of the times, of the force of for- ines , andthccaufesof fa^i- 9f Mindesi j^ «il S. Laftofalljinthis agc,thatdarke* mift i$-vani(hed away from the mindcs of men, which arc now compofcd to all kinde of light andfubtlcty, Ndr is this change onc«y to bee obferued in the fchoolcs of learning , the affaires of King- domes and commonwealths ar?^ more cunningly adminiftred; warrs offenfiue, and dcfcnfiue, arc made with more skill , and dexterity; ^d foe great a curi- ofity in many trad€s,that what- foeucr li rude and vnpolifticd now, we vfc with (come to cen- iurcit,as made, or likely to bee made in the dull times ofou]: anccftors. Korean thi^ change procecdc fmm any thing but the Genius I> 3. «« 54 fheMirrottr as it were of this age. Whofe €xceile»cy , vvbcn after an ap- pointed time it fha!kxpire,wiil glue yp the world, as it may be feared, vnto another. and ruder Genius 5 and after the expira- tion of cer taine yeares,' rcturre sgaine. See that wee iriay difiin- guiili the difference of the ages, not more perf edly by the mo- tions of the flarrs , then by the dcFicxion of mankinde into diuers difpofitions , and abiii- ric5. But there is another force*, that rauiflieth away thcmindes of men, and maketh them ad- dicted to ceriainc fiffcV^ions. Namely, that fpirit which be- ang appropriate cO cuery region, infufeth into men , as foone as they are borne, the habit, and afFcdions of their ownc coun- try «/ Mindes, 5 5 try.For,as.tlic fairie meases ac- cordir a to the various manners ©fdreiling,maybc^changuiin taft, but uic inward quaiuy ot; nouriiliirg, or hurting , can by noc qualiKcation be altogether loft ;rocincucryNation»amorg all the tides of iuccceding ages, which altei the manners and; mindes of men , one certainc quality lemaineslneuer to bee fiiakcn cftswhich the fates haue diftibmted to euery n:an,accoi- ding to the condition of the place, wherein Kec was borne* Fi cm T hence come thofe anci- ent vices,which fliil endure, as proper tp the c'iniate, which in hiftories haue commeiidcd cr branded whole Nations : a«j hcere, the people are naturally light, vnconilant, and wauering in their refolut^ons : ther-e, the D 4- gi offer /-~J 1^' The M'nro$fr groflcrand graucr fnindes,are natur^dly fwcllcd witha melan- clioly pride, vnder the Hiew of • hidden wifedome. Some Nati- ons endure not thirft : Some people with extemporary wits, arc able to encounter any fud- iaine alteration, or vnexpcded^ bufincflfc. Some Nat'ions are im- placable in dcfire of rcuenge : Some, as it were by right of in- heritance, enioy a peipetuity of • the highell vcrtiies : Somepeo. pie are natnraljy plai^c-dcaling,- others fubtil, and many vali- . ant. And feeing that nothing ii more beneficiall,then froiii the Genius oFdiucrfe >Jations to be (be enformed, as to know how to behaue our felues in different countries, and what from eucry place to expc(5l or feare ; it will iKWOrth 9ur labour,to define h^re - here the cfpceiall manners of fomc Nations , that from the common difpofition of many men, we may finde out the pri- uate in particular pcrfons. Nor will there be found foe fuperfti- tioas a loucr of the place of his birth, but will bee contented to hearefomc vices named in the charaaerol: his owne country. For if Nature did ncuer forme any mortallman of fuchaccom- plifted abiUties, but that fomt- thing in him^as the laft hand of the workeman , 'was ftill wan^ ting : what pride were it in any man to exempt whole prouin- ces from this publikc fate? and dildaine to bee borne in fuch a place, as is fubicA to er- rours, that is among man- kihde ? fan c hence bee all will-' full partiality to our ownr^ P 5 • and ^C Thfi MirroHT and enuiousdctra(5lion from c- ther countries. Let vs finccrely acknowledge our owne vices, i and bee truely delighted with the contemplation of vertuc in Others. Therefore before that with a ferious and fequcflred con- templation, wee begin to confi" der the difppfitions of people, let vs furueyjhe world^as From a tower , and looke who now are the inhabitants and mafters of it,e^/^,and Jffriva fwalfo* wed vp by the power of S^rt/t* rians^ and the great calamity of Gre^ce^^n^ Thrace^ hane thruft, and confined ciuill humanity to thefe V termoft parts of Europ e; that we, foe often opprelTed by the fierce Mari^ariansymd guel-^ dcd, as it were, of ourricheft countries ^ . might learne truely to te account our o vvne ftrengi h^or fcare the ftrength of oihcrsi But wcinfenfibie oFthefe euils, and opprcfled with a deadly and peftiknt (lumber, hauc neither feared the hand ofheaiien j lior combined the ftrcngch ok th markf and Syi^eth/and *, nor arc we foe farrc(oh mjiefy)rcmo«- ued from the Inrksj » hat that wcc haue pccalion to acquaint our felues with their difpofiti- 0ns and manner of huing.. In the manners of thete peo* , plCjWemayconfidcr thcfichca. ^ NatMrCjWith a delicious and profitable meditation , which in a mixture, rcfcmbling the members of a body , hachin- uolued the habits and affc^i- ons of foe manydiffcrcnt minds. But to examine all other climais with the fame diligence, were more for the curiofity of plea-. fure,thcn the profitable vfe of commcrccor conut rfatioiv For who but Merchants goo into %/^frtck^ and there vpon the^ ftiore, or by chance, by riucr,' feme what farther into the country , doe traiBquc fuddenly, or make bargaines^of noc great truft or friendIliip.Thc Per(kns notoncly by impiety or fuperi ftkion,.are diindcd fiom vs ; India in like m inner is vifited by none tut Mcr- -cbaius, and Sailers, ^exccpc the ^1 The Mirr9ur the LHCMnians who frequcrw: thoie places and there Itttic; their plantations; the people of- C^in4 doe abhorrc all fcllovv- ftiip with Forreync Nations. Nor doe any of our people de- fire at all to comnfjercc with that fordid , and ( for the moft part ) milerable Nation of the Tartars, j^merica^ as farre as it is ci'Jillized at all , is poffelTed by the Spaniard onely ; foe that pone other befides themfelues, may with fafcty commerce^or traili que there. It is therefore ^xpedientjOr indeed fawfull,for none biitthe SpaDiard,to knOw the difpofitions of thofe peo- ple. Ba^ ihofepircs of Amtria^ where naked barbarifme , ab- horred by mankii!de,^*svfedby the wii ] people, whon^ noe lawcs nor indullrie had tempe- rs of Mindet\ ^J red 'j^hauc beene diligently ob- ftrutd by fomeofouriren/vho in hope of gaine haue gone thi- ther. The Natures of thofe rude people are incapable of our ci- uility. They account all flran- gcrsjthat arriue Ort their coafts, as enemyes, & enfnarersof their liberty ; neither are ihofe igno- ranf andfauagcmindesdeftitutc of fubtlity to impious ad.^jcru- city & treachery^nfleadofpru- dcncc and true fortitude, thcj ojten excercife. ; \''' *' i What profit will it bee, to exa- mine farther the manners of thefe people, who by a barbar- ous wildenes haue feemed, as it were, to foriake Nature ^efpe- cially , feeing they contains themfelues within their ownc fliOres,and admit noe forreiners vnlefTc vpon compulfion , er Tome flight occafion oflkddainc traiiiquc. But to Icauc thofc Nations, tvhicli arc cyther vnknownc to us.or by too great a diftanceof ^,and land, too farrc diuidcd from our acquaintance ; to exa- mine the inhabitants and Gcni- vs of bur ownc world ; the ha- bit of each country, the condi- tion of the foyle, the temper of the aire, or diftempcr i n ey ther kindc, will not be impro- per to our prefent dift^tirfe. Tfie The Third Chapter. FRASCE.\ GAUia^*^ according to thc^ ancient bounds , tbegrca- tcit almoftof aUthcProuinccsin Europc,(a terroiir heretofore to. the RoraineEmpirc,ar*drenoW'» ncd by vidories sgainfl Greece^. and Afa) is now diftingui- fhed into ?^, and wines, which (hcc fcndcth into the neighbouring and colder countrics,is rich atto inhempcand fiaxe, whereby Hie fupplyeth the want of failcs, cordage,and fuch tackling Hecc- fiary foi (hipping in manyNati- ons.Bywhich mcrchandifc great plenty of gold is daily brought into that country, though the ground afford noc mines of it; andthofc Nations, whiand wha cucr motions arc bred in the in nermoft lo.igings of the Ibule xnay ealily be counterfeited, fbj thefe affedions are foe dofd) hiddet7,and farre from the ilghtj that noe man can difcouer whi- ther they be true or not. Soe w( may may eafily diffemblc fcumiliry , hatred, loue,orpiety.But thok tbin^Sjwhich are not onely done hy the gouerncraent of the minde,buc by cuftomCjandthc outward hability and Htneffe of the body, thou canft neuer counterfeit, when Nature doth ftiiuc againft it. As a comely pofturc , and carriage of the body , a facility in ieafling, a grace infpeaking,are things not: begotten in the inner,but the outward man. But thefc things being moft eminent m the Frfwr^ bchauiour, can neuer be attained, nor imitated by thee, vnlcffe thy Genius of hisowne accord haue difpofed thee for that way. But the world can neuer bee failiciently thankcfuU to the hofpitajiry of Fr^ffr^ , which E 3 fccmetb . j6 The Mirrmr feeaKih to open a t( mpic of ! ir.ani-y, or lancluaiy for forriii.es ofall forreyncrs io vnro. Ihey conlldcr not r1 country jbut the worth ot a ti^i and n-ake not a ftrangtr , ncvv'dwclltr among ih m (a< coi dirig to the ci rouv of othfi Nanons) to fifftr for i he plac o[ bii tbj \'v 1 >ich chance aik)? t c him: foe v.jih a fimp!e and fri lou c of V crtt f , t bey ac iXiir c ex ceiknt men (\vhr.rcoui)tryfn( focijc ♦ ; wji hcAit Siiy cni) , zr< are gi^d to fee them thi ivx in the riches of Yrar.ce, And for th( reward of thishiTimniry, they iookenoc further then to pub iike praife jn the firit place; fc« coi:d!y,to the fortune and fame of foe Liany Grangers 5 who by HOC vn worthy , nor vnproiita- ble adoption , are incorporated into ef Minxes* ' 7 7 to thcFreach State.Nor ncedc jofc iirargers to pur of tlic ft ions ol^ their ownc counti}* , id imitate thcgirbc off r^irrr, t their carriage bee free ftom ride or btrbanlaie.For.the ve- ^ profeHion of a fbrreine faflii- a will aiDOLic the defircs of hat cu!*»oas Narion, who with .lore fimpUcity admire for- cine then their owaecuftomcs; nfomuch as that fome vices of '[fe,and blcmifi^cs of body,haue )ecnc there in edeeme , if jrpught from another country. For wee hiue fecne the elo- quence of a forreincr, euen for che often errours of his tongue, hath becne more plcafing; and gained a g? cat opinion or wife- doine» bccaufc they wc*c not vadet flood, E r Ths ^% The Mirrour The common people are trm \y refpccflriue of the gentry, nc outoFfcare,or inftkuriononely andagaine, their gicateft no biiiry are by the fame Gtmut bonour*d by inferiour Gentle, men ; but pride, or difdaine they cannot bfooke ; if thou wouldft fcenie to domineere, they are ajfhamed to ferue. A curteous behauiour, which by artificiall countenances, and gentle glances is exprefTed vnto them, or by familiarity of dif~ courfe with them, will gainc to the Princes more officious rcruants,then the greatneffeof their power and dignity can -doe. Ail wealth, and m it felfc IS ofleflc efteemc among them, then honour ; efpecially , the Spirits of their great Princes coe often fiye out.both to their owne I of Mindes, 79 wne damage, and their coun- ricsaffiiaionjbecaufc the very xpcrience^and fcnfe of poucr- y it felfe^can pcrfwade none or hem to vndertake Merchan- \\k, or any profitable couifc of :rade. Thcyare plcafed with a prepoftcrou5 ambition,to emu- late the greatnefl'e of their ap- ceftors, and conceiue it a dif- paragement to noble blood, to liue in a calling like the common people. Soethe vainename of Nubility, and foolifli oftenta- tation of magnificent idlcntfle, dotharme ihcm withpadcnce agaiaft the burfhc:: of their cares, whx/i dot neuci leeue them before their death. Ibis loFtyncfTeorminde, although itplcafc I he.; Tellies, andfeemc to bee far re fiom allbafcncfle, is oiten ccrnipted by almoft E 4 ncccC - 8o: The Mnrouf ^ neccflary wickcdnefTe , and rai- it% in thar poore fortunes a turbulcRt inclLiftry,cyrhtrby f;-.' cretviiianks, Grpublike com-^ motions to ftriiie to rcpdl the contempt oFpouerty. Merchandiic is bafelier eilce- ; med of there , then befits a ,1 thing offbe great vtility, and which firfl ^\^ fpread humanity through all the world. Sden the famous Athenian l^SNm^tr^ and molt of rhe (j^-^^j^^/jwhich, were famed to our earesjtranf- poited their commodities by fuch trailiqcie into forreine coiintric5?,and acquainted their co'intrymcn likevvife with the riches of other lands* Nor doth //^/^difdaine that cuflowe, where the Nobleft fa- mihcs by iliduftric in merchan- dife, doe heape vp wealth. 5m- of Mindes, gf /4«7 Hie wife accounteth not her blood of Gentry any v.'sy debafed by fuch a calling. But in FraffCf , not cncly tbc ancient Gentry doe ako- geiber di(c!aine this way of thriuifig, but the tncrchants them[e!ues, as if afliaintd of their calling, when they are growne rich , doe bring vp their Tonnes in fOme other dif- c i p] tne , enioy ning the.m , as i t were,to looV.c higher then their fathersdid. But the h'gh mindesof the Trexcb Nation are in nothing morepfrfc^ly difcerned^ then the eager pnrfuitc of M^cl- flracies . where tlfe fiiame- full fale of them doth cxc!uJiC thenccdj^-; how vercuou^fo^ uer. 5"^ Tc tt' 7heMirroftr 1 To viidoe their faiiiiIics,to con- > fume their eftatcs and credits too, is not thought vnfit , to purchafe an eminency aboue their iequals , and rcpaire the mines of their patrimony, ey- ther by a bare dignity , or by cor- ruption and bribery in their offices* Nor is there ajiy doubt, but that ftrange itch after titles and places, vnlcfleofit felfcit doe abate, will at laft defile all oiIiccs,gouernements,and iudg- mcnt'featcs, with men of the bafcil blood, and loweftdilpo- fitions. For many from the ba- feft trades, doe fooner arriue at great riches, then thofe who , are noted of ancient Nobihty, aad Hue according to the dig- nity of their birth. By this mcanesof money oneIy,whilcft they contend. about the pur- cWc - - ef Mt fides. * 2^ chafe ofa goucrncracnt,or place ofiuIHce, tbcydocmoftofrcn cariy it away,which arc of ba- fcft blood , and icaft ability in vpdcr (landing. Btfides, the gentlemen of good defccnt are notfoe forvvard tothrowaway thiir eftates vpon fuch digni- ties, as vpflarts are , who are hafly with gold, to bring their children out of obTcurity^S: buy for their families thatfplcndour of Nobility, which the ancient gentlemen, without any ceft, doe challenge as a part of their inheritance. . Soc by little and little, thefe honours may grow to bee onely in the poffciTion of the baftft men , and (being onely bought for money ) by rcafon of their aames, bee cenfured as a token of ignobility.Neither is thepo- hcy 84 The Mtrrosir licy of rhcrojall exchequtr to bic much accQt"cd,aiihough ir encrcafe bv tfee monc;- of- fuch oilicers. For who would not ihinke it fane fir- cr, that tbofe dignities fhoa'd at a ferrate be foy bythePnncc, who vnder- goes the burden ofiheSiarc in gcnerall , then fccrerly to bee made a prey to the couctouf- ncHe of the Noblemen , who doe oftentimes thruft oiMcers vpon the King,whcm ihcy hauc beenc bribed to commend, ?nd what they freely obtainc from their mafter,tbey feii againc vn* to others? See that the ccm- monwealth can hauc noe better choice of Magiitrates by that jRtanes ; and i: is indifferent to tbofc ambitious purchafcrs whither they fuffer for tbcir isfcitiou &om the Kii^ or frox2> from Noble men ; fincc both waics tend equally to the mine of their eftates. Thefe things therefore ha- uing becne fii ft inllitured vpon realonabic grounds, arc now grownc into cxrrcmlty , by the madneffe of the buyers, who doe noiv exclude all ver- tuc of but reafonable wealthy and at the rate of their whole cftares purchate thofe digni- ties, whofe price their ovvnc madncffc has (oe much enhaun- fed. But as Wkies , the more ge- nerous they will afterward grow, the more thicke of lees they WiU bee when they aF€ young ; foe the young men cjf this Nation, made for humani- ty, and wiiidome in old age. %6 Ihe Mirr$iir arc carrycd away with thcgrca tcft raflincfTc, and wilineffe of behauiour. The young men arc giiien to a ftrange freedomc of bold iefting, and proaoking, both flrangers, and their ownc acquaintance, and cuery where . affecting titles of too great fc- curity.Vnconfhnt mindes,and cafily carryed away wi:h any rumors ; fometimes impatient of idlencfTe, fometimes of bufi- ncfle ; a foolifh oflentation and bragging of their lufts, more then by Nature they ore encli- ned to;incon(iderate, andvn- difcrcete icofBngs, which fparc none.Theirftirring,andhoc af- fections impatient of refl, breake out into various and troublefome motions. Butfomc of them in the beginning of all bufiaeffcsjdoc put on a fai- ned ncd noc true wifcdomc , and therefore expreffed with the greater flicw: as if they were tempered with mature iudge- ment,thcy put on a ftay'd coun- tcnancccxprefling fuhtlety ioy- ncdwith humanity, andvttcr their words with long delibera- tion- To which according to the Nature of it , they hauc found out a name » calling it frigidity. Bat that counterfeiting of vcrtuc, is then altogether vn- plcafing,nor long can their cun- ning hide that Icuity , which will {hewitfclfe in fpiteofail difguifes. But the middle di^o- lition becwecne thefc two, which is not wanting in that Nation of the French, flowing with cheerful Inefle and capa- doufneife of minde^ not bridled too S8 T/5>^ {^.trreU'f too much with a fainec' grauitj*; is a difpo/irionof tranlccndcnt excellency, andexaflly framed to the image of wiiJoinc ioiiied v^iih alacrity. But one thing in the Natures of the French is vcy viihappy, tha: that lone and ciirtefie, which in their ovvnecounnies they exprefle eucn to fl rangers ; abroad they will hardly fl-.cw to their owne country mcn.W ho would belecue, that people of foe great humanity, ftiould not agree together in a fbrreine Land, Birds brought together into one cage foibearc to fight with each other ; and bcalls which wander oj: of thewocds together to feeke pr ey , by the *filowftiip of theii fate areccn- tinued ef (^Unties. 9 J iiiloue a-id amiry. Or£y the Fi cncbmen,wh£P. tbey conucrfe i'lanorhtT land, cfpccially if tbcy bee pooic , and feekc i c- litfe by tbc (truicc ofa forrcinc StaiCj-iot quaere!! among tbem- feliies with a moft cruc»i aemu- lation. How many fccr er fco/Fjs,vn- fcemely cnuics, p: ofcfled qiiar- rels,and riJicalous ea'tentions, citing eacli other befo: e for- reyncMagijQ:ratcs,doe arife a- iriong. tbein ? contending in this manner mnong themfclaes, they cad an in.^amcus afperfi- onvponthefr Nation,as if they V'cre a people borne to cnuy, incapable of quier, or of that louc, whcrcwiih Nature hath fccretly combined the Citizens of one country. This 90 The Mirrour This fault of the Frenchmen in forrcyne countries is more cruelly raging in the bowels of their owne land ; where in all places, like fwordpJayers con* - demned to the theater , ypon fuddaincand rafli quarrels, they violently hazard their liues in fingle duells. A mofl horrid thing ! a miferable opprobry of thefe times ! s flight quarrell, , arifing oncly out of ambition oFargument, oran innocent iefl-, . or oftentimes oncly a tlurfl: of fame in turbulent difpofitions doth hurry wirh violence the mad young men into moil mile* rableflaughrers, andvtter cx- tinguiflning of Noble families. From hence , foe often a^e the purpofes of miferable parent* intercepted, and their hopes vr- terly loft ; and peace almoft in vaine . of Mi fide f. p? vaine eflablifhed in fV/?»r^;as much Noble blood fhcd (well nigb)in tbcfe priuate combatcsr as in rime of a publike warrc. What madneffe is this? after, the manner of bcafts, not with' reafon, butchollcr, toreuenge their iniifiies,and put fhsiudge- ment of their greateft matters vpoii the tryall of a ftage art and fortune,which often ^tcti- ues the skiUuIeft in that art?that whofoeaer can moft fortunate- ly fight, fhould make himfclfe the luftcft quarrell ? wilde Na- tions, which came among vs from barbarifme it felfc; did not long agoe wfecT: the woild with their brutifh manners. They were the firfl: beginners of a cuftom,that vpon doubtfuir ti- tles of eftate,where the proofes were obfcurc on both (ides,the caui^ 9 I The LMirroHT caufe by a combate fiiould fcec decided. The combsranrs did mecte in an open Circ^,cr ft age, and hce that was vaiiquin.^.ed, was ludged to haue the uorfe caufe. From thence the origi nail oF this madiicile proceeded, which deth now inFeittht- age, and going beyond the hrit bound5,as then it was onely ac the difpormgof the Magi [Irate, it nowragetb Hctrttiorfly ac- cording to the humors and cbo- llers of priuate men. But the pretence for thisfword- piay, whither more accepted for the fliow , or profit of it , is the fur:htr?nce of sk"! in fighting. Fo who can deny, that a ski II Full art o^ ilrikin£^wi\b the fvvordjOra-io^ding th^; blovves, wh>ch were aimed at him, i« a thing appertaining to the lailica- of Mindes* ^1 mih'rsry art? this the Grsciant^ ihi Tijm^nejznd cutry Naiioa haidy in arincs, hauc ibiight al- . icijwith grear intention. B')t now I hey i^gb^ not as nidottd and ttraightntdin the 1 rt fl> ofan a? my (as w arrs are ii.'adc)b.jt as Jt were in the free- dorni ot'an < ptn theactr- they irauejftf iheir ground, fhey fliif: tl=eir todies wirh all agili- ty, ar.dbylaTe proffers of the hard, and glances of the eye, tlieydcctiut each o. her, and d'>e T ather ( as cuery man may Ce/:) enable their murderous cru^ el; y vpon priuate hatreds, theii intfrud themlclucs in a pious valour for defence oft htir conn, try.ami now their rage, euen bttweerie friends and kin- dred, fuifillcth the height of madcdieandjul i-p.ry.KiT> men and moft 6iniiaracq3ain- taocc vpoa ooe haDOBs ioBiflcs but vaioe excq^doos at idle woido, oraVoK^ fernodiios, aiccogigcd tocpsafTcbaDiicoi- Iinied io cadiodxTS 2)lood : aod ^fAaAjoamaj'wSdjceoSaoi: the h^bcft degree of madbefiE^ifa^ flgpfjDOiouelj vpoa tueu owuc ffwiiiirs , bitt wickedly ciccr- pofedicmfiAics into thcjqoar- rekdf others, aodcog^cdin ha£reds,wliiclilxlongiioc vsto : beaHytbej 6u jnoc tl g mfi' h icSy aodtfaedarcft of thorfirieDds. For they fiee^y goe^ whenby rbofcoieD, wludiaic to^far, 2ad arc Iqthtodicaloae , tbey «ir iocked to this nmtafl pfay 2$ it were CO a r pper or iccrea- tion;aiid tboc tdoe not doobt ro vktee wlatfiKucr fboold bee ^ Aiindes» ^^ be nccrcand dcarc to man ; out ofamoft fooliili deliieoffame, that they may bee fayd with a great contempt of life to hauc goii into the field ; that is, to haue vndertaken a moft horrid cruelty ,oiit of a barbarous igno- rance of true valour. But thefe enils, and whatfo- euer elfe haue crept into the dif^ pofirionsofthe French, may be well cxcufed, for the vertucs of tho(e men whom the maturity of age,or weight of iudgemenc doth foe temper ,as that they arc not carryed away with their country-vices. Thtre is in them a wonderfull curt efie, not feig- ned, nor trecherous, tocnfnare them whom they court wich friendrhlp* they are free from deceit, and fecrct hatreds ^they arc free to cntertame all, who dcfire defirc tlieir acquaintance, a-d fociety ; a:Ki rcfpecHuc of all men according to their degrees and rankes. It 15 enough for a forreincr, which is adiiii:ted into their coiiipaiy , to prtieruc thtir friend ill ip,if he keepc himfdfe frOin optii villa-iyjind coo stb'^ fjrd folly ; foe ch^t in other places thou had' ft iK^cde hauc a careofoiher mens dilpolid, ons, lead th; y hurt thcc : but a- mongt-i'je, sad accojnp'iilied Fie:jchmen, to kefpe tiiv felfe from giuin^ offlnce^ Nor is thiir any thing more happy i-n humme iociety^then thcman^y fweecnelTe orTjch com- pleac company. The The Fourth Chapter, - BRITTAINE. j THe greatnefife of Brittaine (though it bee an iflaHdof large extent, and expofccj to many and ditferewc Teas ) may be rarher cfteemed by the feue- rall and vnliJce manners of her inhabitants, then by the names "and harbours of foe many fliores: Ajifin the Ocean Brit" ta'tyteTiXont were another world 'all kinde of difpofitions are to bee found Ih her inhabit tants. There is not a fayrer Iflani in the whole world. Sicily^ "^Crete , and Cyprus , though 'thcybaueall carryed the Hate, arid oames of Kingdomes, F if pi The MirroHr if they were all ioyncd into one body, were not able^eytherin circuit,or wcaltb,ro equal! ^r/W tai»e. Being in former times a valiant Nation, they gaue oo cafion of many fabulous ftories, which byforreyne wits, and languages were commonly written and read ; as if nothing could be fained foeflrangCjbur might be atchieued by thepco^; pie of Br in aim : it was once ; divided into nine Kingdomes. But afterward by continual! warrs, and frequent leagues, jhpfe Monarchies, and thtir bounds were often changed ; vntill at the laft , the whole Ifland became fubied to three l^rinces.The colony es of Saxony whom we call Engiifli, are ga- thered together vader the feli- city of onefcepter: thcreliques 'm Ae oMErittaines ^y^^hxch con* 'tfantlycieaue to the Cambrian MoLintaines> and are called lyelpmen : Thirdly , the Scotf^ inhabiting the North pare of tlic ] {land, tOAvhom a remnant of thtr.P/^j-, who were almoft rooted out, haue ioyned them- r.Jucs# But lV4l by.realbn of the commodity of pkftiire there, and the cheapo neffe of wine tranfpor ted from ^Aqnitalne, Wolues alfo are rooted out of that part of the country, and doc not vexe the fi^cks of Sheepe^v^hich freely graze graze, and oftentimes without the guard 0 Pa dogge. For the diligcnceoTtheif forefa- thers ,\vhen the rage oPwolues was exceeding fierce, and dc- ceiaed or wearied the care of the iliepheards, rooted out by great induftry the whole race of them; foe that the hardi- neffc of their catt^l,which are able to endure ihe open ay re in all feafons, and the deftru^flion ofwolues,doe bring vnt* the people an ineftimable wealth. The inhabitants at eafe, and al- moft forgetting labour, doc grow rich in vicfluals , hides, and fleeces , a« benefits which the ground of her owne boun- ty doth beftow vpon them. They fcaii ce take any paines ac all in noiuifhing of faffi-on, whereof they haufc ftore, and F 4. excecdfng^ 104 T^^ Mirrour exceeding good ; the feci be It fclfcjnoc in reward of care, and induflry, butofherowneac- cordjOpcning and offering bet, trtaflire to them. And that no* thing might be wanting to foe prolperousafortune^they hauc felt noc inuafion of forreync ibuldicrs for iinary ages; home- bred cGir motions in this age are very leldome : neither doc warrs euer lorg cortinue in England i^s in other Lsnds. Jn the corrpafTc of e'ght dayes, many times are great infurrec- tions begun and ended. They warre with men , not with houfes s and goods ; and com- iriOtion.9, but frefh, and newly rifen, are fuddaiiily decided iu ftt bat tells. By reafbn of wealth fb cafily accrewing, the carelefle , and lich of Mi^def* 10^ rich common people^ are nor a little puffed vp. Sot thatney- tber (according to the vfc oF ptber Nations (doe the)^ kim« biy reuerencc the dignicy of their Nobles, nor are they' in- duitrious,or skillfull in handy- crafts by reafbn ?of thur cafe, and plenty. For thofe that are bound to any trade, doe for the moll part finifli their appren- tifhip in feancn yeares ; after which time they arc free of the company , and then , as if themfelues were exempted from labour, they take othjci*^ apprentices to be vndcr them : who after a fliort learning arc employed asiourneymcn.Thcy themfelues , not onely on fo- lemne,andfeftiualldaieSjbut e« uery holy. day (who would be- leeue it? ) doc freely take their F 5 recreation ie5 The fiiirrour at ion and pleafure, if it be fairc weather,in thcflclds adioyning, or^ifit be rainy, are merry in taucrncs. Which caufeth a dull arid vnskillfull trading, trulted to the knowledge of their apr j prentices, and the buyers arc] more peremptorily railed to greater prices, that the worke pf the apprentices jgnd the idle^ nefle of the Mafters may be fee maintained. But ye: notwith- ftandingjfome kindcs of work- ^ manftiip v/rought both with > induftryandmoft exadl skill,. $nd highly prized through the ^hole worH, doe fufiicicntly declare, that in that country there is noc fault in the climate, to dull their wit? , but too inuch abundance to make theni idle.For as for the ftirring vp of jwrits , and chcrifliing of Arts, . too::. toocrucll, and rigorous a go« iiernment is not at all good,tod much deprcffing the mindesof the people, and dulling them with defp^ire 5 foe too plenti- fuH , and wanton a fortune, which intcndtth labour , but onely,as it weie, in recreation, and fport, can neuer raife the induftry and ability oft he com* mon people , to an exad dili- gcncCjand skill in Arts. There are noe tributes pay* cd any where in that great Kfngdume,nor Nations of Pub- licans in Cities, or the pafftges of bridges,excepr only in thoft places, where fliipping is fet forth intoforreyne countries. For they arc ftridly tycd to luake acknowledgement vnt© thore,whoare farmers of the KinescuftomSjOfallMer-chan- • 6S Ihff MirroHT dife whatfocucr is brOL^gbt in- to the Kingdome, or cairkd Oat.) But the pride of the coia- mon people is not moie bitter, and diua(^full towaids Gran- gers, then towards their owne gentry , who account them- &iues equal] a'-mof: to the beft 2:[\6 ancientcft of them. By which pride of the c'owncs, the gentlemen doe fuiFer ia fbme. fort for the nchnefle oF their country, and are brought almofl into an hatred of thjtt pretious caufe of their indig- nation. They are all in generall great bonorers of the Nobility, which is confined within the final] number of thofe whom they call Loidi* Thofe are, PukeSjMarqiieffes^ Earles, and Baroas of Minuet. lOp Birons:all the fonncs of Dukes aodMaiquefles, andthe^eldcft (bnncs.of Earlcs ; in cquall ho-* nour with thefe the piety cf tb^ir . anccftors liath placed Bifhops.. To thefe Nobleincn it is not thought a difparage^ mcntjfor any toftoopecothe loweft feruice; and the Nobles vnderftand well enough , that the people feat ed, as it were oathe ground,doe behold with admiration their heigbr,nor arc thofe dignities bought by the common people for money jbur defcend to their heires by right of inheritance, or new Noble- men by the grant of the King, arc aduanced (into thofc de- grees ; and that you may not thinke it a vainc title, many Lavvesandpriuiledgcsdoe en- creafe the relpcd of: thofe higb names^ For lie Tfc {J^irrour For ifit happen that a Lord be in dcbtjand not able topay,thc cireditours caii haue no law to attach his body 5 though the bodies of other debtors, euen. before iudgcmcnt , ai e impri* foned in England. But this is a greater and more gloriouspri- uiledge, that Neblcmen being accufedofthe grcareft crimes, as namely trcafon to their coun« try, are not with ftanding free from the racke; the makers of the law would not haue it" ima- gined,that truth, if not other- wile, could bee forced from them , h^ racking or tor-^ ment. The EnglifK are for the mod part graue , of retired fpirits, and nt for counfcll • they ad- mire themftlues, and the man- ncFS, wits, and difpofitions of their owaeNation.Whentliey ialutc, or write letters , they fcorne to defcend to comple- ments of feined feruicc^which the flattery of thefe ages haue brought vp, vnlcfle it be thofe, which are infc(*^ed with for- rcyne behauiour. Tlie people are ftudioiis of fea-bufinefle ; nor is there any Wronger de- fence of that great I fland, then the diligence of loe many fay- krs. Tney are as good fouldiers by land as by fea, efpccially when they are accuftomed to another ayre, and hauctaftcd ©f forrcyncdier,which whileft it is nouelty to them , they af- £tdi with too much grccdiiiiflfc For thofe in^onucnicnces of gurmundizing, haue beene of- ten the conlumption of armies brought from Britt4iM€n And ria TheMirrmr when that Nauy, which was fent by Queene Eliz^nbeth^ ar* riued on the (hores oF Tortw- gall, and had wafted the coun- try,and defeated their enemies, the immoderate heate,arTd the fvveetenefrc oF apples,and ber- ries, which that climate affor- ded , dcflroyed almoft the whole army. They contemnc all dangers , and death it fclfe, with more courage, then iudg- ment 5 and hence lit comes,that they are the bcft fouldicrs^ when they are gouerned by wife captaines; but when they goe on ]or their o wne accord, pofrefltdjwith'the blindnefTe' of that defperatc valour, they hauereafon, after laddefeates toaccufe themfelucs more then their ill fortune. In the late wairs of the Low-countries, fomc eftJM.ini€i, IX j fome fouldicrs of the Spamfh' party were taken by the Hol^'- /a»iiers,znd vvcretobe hangfd, in requirall of the enemies cruelty ,w ho had vfed their pri- foners in the like m inner. Bi t the Hollanders did not intend ' to execute them all. Of foure and cwenty((br foe many were taken prifoners) eight onely were appointed to bee hanged, and the reft to efcape wirh life. , There were lots theicfore throwne into a helmet, and \ the prifoners werccommandeJ to draw their fortuiies,who(c- cuer fhoiild draw a blaiike, was to efcape death ; bat whofoeuer fliould draw a blacke lot, was to bee hanged prefently. They were all pof- fefled with a great apprehen- {lOu of their ^prcfent danger* » • efpccially cfpccially one Spa^niard with prttiFulI wifties, and teares, in iomQ of the ftandcrs by, did mooue pity,in others laughter: There was befides iiuhar dan- ger, a certaine Englifhman 9 a common foaldier, who with a carelt fls countenance, expref- fing noc feare of death at all, came bold y to the helmet, and drew his lot ; chance fauoured him; ir was a fafc lor. Being free himfelfe from danger, hec came to theSpaniard,whowas yet timorous, and trembled to put his hand into the fatall hel- met ; and receiuing from him tencrOvvnes,hee entreated the ludgesfoh horrid audacity i) that difmiillng the Spaniard, they would fufifer him agatnc to try his fortune. The ludges confcntcd to the mad mans re- requcft, who valcwed his life at foe low a rate ; and he aeame drew a fafe lot • a wretcn vn- worthy notoncly of that dou- blc,bnt eiien of a fingle prefer- uationjwhofoe bafclyhad vn- dervalewed his "life. The Lawes, which the En- g^ifhvfe,wcredeliuered them by the Norman Conquerors in the French tongue , but obfo- Icte,and differing from the Ian* guage which is now fpekcn. They arc few, and very ambi- guous. Much depcFideth vpon cuflorae, and the opinion! of Judges ; foe that a great way is left open to contentions, to an inHnirepower of Iudges,and the clofe difpoiitions of the people, who Iceme to retaine the falliions, as it were, of tlieir Norman original! j doe open If6 The MirroHT open'themfelucs in fubtlctics,, which fill the courts with per-^ petuall wranglings. From whence I thinke that common . fable tooke fii (l originall, that the Engtt^men^ had long tailes. They endure with foe con- ^ flant a patience all cuftomes and lawesjwhich were ancient- ly deliucred vnto them from , their anceflors , that they account ic a hey nous matter now lo a'tcr, or abrogate any law, which was heretofore eftablifhcdjCythcr by rcafonof thciarity of delinquents, or innocence ol^ihe Lawmakerf, For from what rcafon,but the vnwary goodnefie of their an*' ceftors, comes this law to ftand in force , that a husband is commanded to father achild and ^f Mindeu -iv) and receiue him for his heirc, though hec were borne a yeare or more after the time, that he accompanyed with his wife .; Ibe it be proucd;,that hce liucd that time within the iliorcs of Britta'tne, But m Philbfophy, and the Mathematicks, m Geography, and Aftronomy, there is noc opinion Ibe prodigious and ftrange, but in that Ifland was cythcr inuented , or has found many followers, and fubtilc maintainers,but fuch asthrough txdieus difputations cannot jjlainely ftate the queftion, which they would feemc to vphold: Tha*- the Earth is moo- ued round,and not the Heaucns: that the ?unEie,with the Planecs, |ndallthc other Starrs arc not feooued in their globes c^elefli- aU KiB The {Jiilrrour all;that there arc no fuch gloWs at allj-ind laftly,wbacfoeucr any doacing Philolcphcr hath here- tofore broached/oine of them -do either lx>ld,or^ould feenie tedo:ss iftlien they were more deeply wife then common men, when they neglcdl and flight the ordinary wifdome as poore and low,and fcarch deeper into the fecrets of Nature , which f"w w are able to apprehend. But as nothing doch more deepely worke vpon rhc minds of men>then points ofrchgion^ ^oc in noe difgurations are they more vehement" then in thojf^i. In theworlliip of God, what ^religion foeuer they choole to themfelucs, they runeuerintp Extremes* In the former ages^ i"{\cir richef^ mei> leauing the world, betookethcmfeiues by eath 9f Mindes* I rp oatli into foliracy places , and Hermitages ; foe that the be ft part of the Lands ofthc King- dome were beftowed vpoa fuchdcuotion, with too timo- rous and dangerous a vow,both to the giucrs a:.d receiueis^of thofe Lands; for the giuers too much exhaufted the common- , Wcalth,and the rectiucrs fuffe- ringthemldues (as it were by the fault of fortune^:© fall into luxury, did afterwards draw a great fnuy, not onely vpon thcmlclues, but the rehgion which they profefled. This kinde of deuotion is now pub- likely banifbed out of all £«^^ land ; and many of them arc foe .inucF| turned to-thc contrary : fide, that the fartber they tread fTOxnthcftcps of their forefa- thers, foomuch the nccrcr they thinkc -X 20 The Mirtofif thinke themfclucs to Hea- 4ien. . Noristhatthtpiiblikeopi- nlon of the State, nor any way fafe for them, ik^ the Magi- ftrates finde it ; but of priuatc ipirits deluded by fuperflition, inuenting to themfclaes a new religion of their cwne , and therefore the more pleafing. Therefore all thofe, which are once pofTefTed with this plea- fing pride of vnderflandii>g more then others in religion, are'diuided into diuers fe , and reigneth entirely oufcr aiL Brittainf. The Scots are of di(|>ofition« fitted for fociety;of behauiour^ , andgefturesof the body, ex-' celling otbtr Nation*, and Iike[ vnto the Frenck in all tliings,butv. tbc riebes ofthei r country. For ' the country Northward it in nasny places not ^i for tillage, and full of barren mountaHies; Rcyrher are thofs mountaines clothed with woods, vnlefie. ioine, which are rayfed into a jf^.ai per climate, and giuc a woody and barbarous name to the uihabitants. Yet Nature hath bcflo wed vpon thofe har- dy ptcpIe,abundanccof vic^u- alliiifOTvlc, and w^de beafts bcfides \5t{\At$ their flocks , and beards of cactdl. It is a fight vfuall, to fee three handrcd red Decrc, or more in one heard. Biit the inhabitants can rowzc ferrc greater heards, when the Noblemen are pleafed to huin: there. Neither doe they v/ant comodities in their country ii^ to exchange for fori'e}'»e mef* chandi(es,which iarc transport et thither oFneccflary vfe.But the (carci ty of money by no art or ill- duftry canbe rcdrcfTed, foe that they which in their Dwne coun- try doc line in p!«nty;and wich great attcndancejare not ableiit fcrreine parts to maintainc their port- But noc people are more mmdefull of their pedigrees then tfeey ; that they had rather fomerimesdifgrace their Family by their poucrty, then conceals C^ tlw ija 7^^ Mirrdnr the vofcaft)nabIe cxpreffirtg ot their titles , or not mchtion their kindred. Foritis nccef- {ary in a country mpire popa- louSjthen fruitfull,that fome of Noble blood fliould bee borne to extreme pouerty. Soethat the Scots difperfed, into many countries to get their liuing^ (and none are more faithfull and induftriousthen they) be- ing Mil eager in pnbUlliing their Nobility, arc often laugh- ed at b^ the hearers , then be- leeucd^orpittied. But the people couragions^ alfoagainft thetnfclues, are di- uided hy many and fierce en'* inities, and cruel I to each o- ther,beyond aHlawesof huma^ nity or hatred. For being diui- ded by Families, and Names, they hold thofc as Princes ot their their faiflions , \vhich poii^rflb the moll ancient inheritance of Jthe F^mily.Tothore men they arc wonocroufly obfauanr, vvich a loue as great alin6fl,a.^ to their country it feifc ; tn them, when they are wrongc nor is it to bee ccirfiired by the barbariSne and fordid liuingof Hiaay of the in- habitants ; for the fra itfolineire of it inuitetb many co-oines come thilther* Itisofamoyfl ayre^butyet whOiCfoinc,and fflor- 9f tMinda. 13^ mortalifoany vrnomouj crea- tures. Newets andToadcs, if they bee brought thither, will not liuc.The wood tranfported from thence noc age nor ncg- Ic cncrcafes of foe great ariucr : but that fide of the country which lyes toward ihG Qce^ and the in-, ncr Laiid,rcmooued from the famous and publike rodes,fpr nafty Innes,and fordid ipannei: of liuing in gencrall, retaincth : much of , that Genius which Ancient Wfitcrshauc afciibed toit, yet there arc cities not vn-i vnworthy of fame : the mar- ket-places and ftrectsclpecially cxa<:^Iy handfome ; the houfcs of lofty and eucn ftrudurc, the frailer parts of the building co<- iiercd with paintings. The inner parts of their hou* (t$ are not with like skill fitted for vfe ; their beds are placed in the remote,and (for the moft part ) obfcure places of the houfe. They doe not vfe lightly any chimncyes at all. They had rather vfe ccrtaine little iloues toexpell the cold , which arc made in thechamber* walls,and fire put into them according as the quality of the weather requireth. But this heat is ma- ny times troublefome to Gran- gers ; for itmaketh their lieads heauy with vnufuall vapours, and w^hcn they goj out from. Hi xl enc I^S The Mirroftr thcnce^thcir bodies being chil- ly, and the pores opened, arc not able to endure the ayre. Befides, when the fire begins to be remitted, thefe kindc of hot-houfcs hauc illfauours j cfpeciallytbofe^wbieh belong to their dmng roomes,wherc the confiifed vapours of foe many forts of mearcdoe fillthe ayre , and foe much wine is drnnke, and (pilled* And not onely in thofe hot-houfcs, but in other chambers and par- lours alfojare many of the Ger» w^vf/tooHouenly, and carc- lefle ; infomuch that ftrangers, when they come thither, can hardly brookc the ayreof thofe ro^mes.That Nation is infc(!t- cd with a wonderful! louc of drinking, which now is a con- fcflfcd vice, and therefore the more freely vfcd. Nor isthis iar- of Mhdeig j^p baibarotis drunkcnnefle \kc as a pkafure onely,but growhc into a part of their behauiour and difciplinejthcfauours of feme of their Princes are pur- chafed onely by this bafe price,, when the Princes dee fccke fooiccopanions in their vices, or pwrpOfe to cntcrtaine Em» baffadounand Grangers with thefiecft hofpitality. Fortht Girmants thinkCjthcrc can t ce noe entertainment foe pleafing to a ftranger as a long,& drun- ken banquet;andthinke them- leiues neucr tniely welcome to another mans houfe, vnlefle he that inuited them bee won- drous forward in making both them 3c himfelfedrunke. That is the chiefeft vrbanity thcrr, and in nature ofaleaguevpoa the £rft acquaintance, H 3 I? Ij6 TyMirrcur It hapened on a timc^ ttiat fomc Duieh regiments of foul- dicrs were entertainc . in fntncty and commanded by Colonels of their ownc Nati- ons Nobleman of Franee in- Mited one of thefe Germane Colonels to fupper, knowing how dcarc a league of friend- {hip might bee made with a Cermane in drinke 2 hec prouo- ked him therefore to mirth^ with ftore of wine , and many formes and deuices of drinking there were. Atlaft, thei^^r- mane ^tyihtv to mikc tryall, how freely welcome he was to the Y^rench Lord , or elfc grec- ucd , that the drinking inatch went foe flowly forward, aqd fecking a glorious yiAoiy, hec challenges the FreftchmAn v^ fledge hxm,andbcgins tohiai a 9J AftHdet* 15 1 a cup of great mcafurc ; the AfrenchtnaH nothing affrighted c(to aJ! our wonder) rifcsvp; noble grjeik ( quoth hee) that thou mayft know thou were inuitcd to a friend , I will not oncly pledge what thou haft druDKe,but inalouing quarrel], challenge thee to pledge me a$ much more. With thcfe words, hee pledges the Germdne Co- londl atot^e di aught, and 9iU ling the faine cup agalnc tor his gue{l& fake, tlxxighhis belly ^ellcdjhe dranke it off to him. The Colonell wonderfully ta- ken with foe great an exprcli fion of loue , rifcs vp ( though ^heecouid hardly ftand) noble ' iir(quoth hee) doe not thinke this loue is beftowed vpon an vnthankfuU man ; you know, Ihaue noe Onalt regiment oF ^ H4f; fouldiers 15* Ti^ Mirr^HT fouldicrs vndci- my commaruJ* Their entertainment for two whole moncths i}iallcx)ft you oothing, fince I know yoar treafurie thcfc hard times is muchexhauftcd. After thcfe twoaioneths.ifit pIcafcyo«, and that you be well able, they fliall take entertainment a- gaine* At foegrcatarcquitall ©i one caroufe , wc were all amazed for tht prefenr^ but much more,\v!ien theColoncll performed his promifc A- mopg thcfe people plaine and open behauiour i% iuoft plea* iing , and fiich as Hr ft gauc to BacefjM I he name of f reedomc* They hate all kindc of hidden fubtlety ; eyther becaufe, that they themfeluej.loofened by drinke, cannotifirmelykecpc a fccret in j of bccaufe theic mind^c of Mind fS. t^^ mi odes in fuch bodies know themrehics to be dull, and arc cucr fufpitious of the fubtlc* tics of other men as bent a- : gainftthcm, and aiming too* ucrreac h thcm.The Magiftratcs of their com mon weak hs,cho- fen from among their fellow- citizens , bring to rhe Ti ibunall noe mindes adoraed with high parts; but clean e fa ft to the in- iHtutions of their fatbers,with an ciJicacious diligence. The people are wcry obedient' to thofe that gouerne thcmV and will often giue credit to their Magiftrare5,euenin poyntsoF religion. And you (hall hardly fee any priuate man wlmfoc* uer, g a nefay any rites of rcli^ gion , which the Prince , or commonwealth haue approo- tcd of^thofe mifchiefesjwhich H 5 haii^' ff^ T^tf Mtrrcur haue troubled England srn^ f ranee for a long time , the ( 1 had almoft fay d ) felicity of thismilerablecarckirneffehatM' j quite auoyded. Yet I muft except JnfirU^ vbicb lyeth alinpft out of the 0,?ri»4»f climatc,& bath not yet. loft her ancient Nature, though? ftc haue chanced her name (for Aufiria ia dd times was ac- counted a part of Pamoma.)) And Bohemia alfo , iK)t in this age alone, diuided in itfelfcby moft vnbappy contentions a- bout reHgion 5 but Bohemia^ though it bee iituated in the bofome of (jtrmany , is diui- ded from the body of it, in lan- guagc,in manners,and different JUwes.teaming in many places oiGertmnj doth fiourifh; but the men arc more dcfirous to ttath reach, then to learnc. They write morc/hcnthey readeatid value their reputation , by the number and grearnelTc of the volumes which they oabiifh i.i print. " * ' _"^''\ Their wits^as they arc darke and diiii, foe arc they ftrong to endure end k ffe toy Ic, foe chat others may bee able toynder- fiand better,but they to vndcr- ■ fland more. Many of their No- blemen , who contented with their ovvnc wealth and manners haue onely feene , and docone'y admire their natiue Germanj^ ^'l^liqpjgh in ti^e'ir bwnc iudgc- fflenri they fee mc endued with graqe wifedonie, yet wa* t inuch of the humanity of our agc.Their word^ are much of . ■ |he old ii^mpe ^^ and their (ear- : 'n^ig AV^tejh ^1^ drcj^^^ cc- ioiirs of later wifcdomc. They are defirous of traucH , and great counterfeiters, or retai- ners of forreyne bchauiour,vn- till they rcturnc fcoxne into their owoe country. It is not vfuall for Arangers, to dwell long , or rife to preferment in that countryjand the name of a forreyncrisalmoft accounted a wordof difgrace among them. Germany opprclTcd with thtfc manners , is notwithftanding rccompenced againe.by other excellent endowments , and cianly vertues. Treachery is a thingc vnknowncamongthcmp yea euen in hired fouldiers of that Nation. Noc deceitful! cunning, or hatred,l(irkcth yn- der the titles of fricndftipjand the iimplieity of that modeft p«opl?is .altogether vnskijfull in in great villanics. They are Uz - tie ^iucn to luft, and due in great Iccrctitheir youths boaft not of ir, iikc feme other Na- tions,asa pride and fport; for the men o^Germanj are as farrc from that aImoft,as the accuft- omcd modclly of women^ But wifcdome,a$ it findcs not of- ten there fubtle and fharpc heads to entertaine it , by whofe cunning ic may bee dra\V)ae ncere to deceit : foe it many, times Hndeth true and: Mature Judgements to reft vp- on, who can eafily bceproui- dcnt m their o vvne affaires, and contcmnp the errours of other men. There arc among them lofty mindes,in whom the fe- j,^ieity ofa liuely and raifcd fpi- rit,dothwelI temper their n;^* tUf all grauity^eipccialJy if they hauf 15^ iBe CXiirrour haue long feafoned that ability oi wit with forreyhc arts and manners. The Nation, though valiant in warre, can very well endure peace. They arc not fuddainJy mooued to tumuks, but bei ng once raifcd,they iagb like men, and arc not cafily ap- peared. The people are exccf- leht at workinj in Braflfc, or iron, arid drawing it Itito curi- ous feu^ptures. For the Inuention of Prin- ting and Gunpowder, the world is indebted to tHe Germane wits ; a benefif, alto* gctherdbubtfull,w hither more to the damage, or bchoofe 6{ mankind, their mindes arc full of candor, not enuying , nor carping at the yertbe$^decd(», or inuentions of other mcify^t^ pcciallyythofc that are iUtnx : but extol' ing rhcm with fin- cere, and maiiy times immodw sate praifes* Bat nothing is more mag* nificent in that Nation , then that the Chriftian Eq3pire,and Eagle is fcated there ;as if Ci^r- munj had vanquifhed %omcy and the laft of the Prouinces that bowed to \\i^%omAnt yoake, is now the onely coun- try, where the name, andre- Kqiies of the Romane fortune doe left themftlues.Thc Sacred Maicftyof foe great a name is cclipledby noearmuiationofo* ther PriiKCsjand King$,though firre greater in power,thcn hf^ yet willingly giue place t« the Imperiall Maicfty.That higheft dignity was heretofore fup- ported by a powen anfwcra- tlc^whkh by little and little as h were in a fata 11 old age^ , did kfienand confumc away. For by domclHckc warrs, and the jQimodcrare power of Princes of the Empire, and bcndes,thc digniry being e'ediuc no: hx^ rcdicarvjthc vigocjr of the Em- pire failing to groundjbath onc- ly retained a venerable name^ more by the piety o^ others, then her own ftrsngth. Among Other caufesof the decay of this^ power, this yoa lli all hnde to bee the greatcn ; the Princes bcingoFgreat wealth, and ca- crcalcd by the bounty of for- B3cr Emperours > haue at laft changed thofc Pr«uinces, which were firft deputed vnto tfccm.into abfolute Principal. tics, & to haue fomcpriLilcdge aboue the Emperour (w ho o- weth his cilate no; to right of mhc- 9fLMindes. l6i inheritance, but their fufta- ges)thpy banc nnade their own dignitics^inhcritanccs to their poftcrity. By this' meanest he mindes of^thofc Natioiwaiid PeopIe,M/hich arc naturally ei> chncd to honour their Princes, and heretofore onely im loyalty to the Emperour, came by de- grees to honour thofe Princes, as his deputies,ai]d afterwards a^thv/cre not oncly an vnfea- fonable, bur a vainc cnterprifc} foe many vpholders of thoft dignities would ioyne in con- federacy againft him for their common lecurity : efpccially feeing at this day,thcir Princw paliries doc as lawfully belong to thein,as the Empire doth to him ; their titles accfe^vviiBg^ both from the confent of them that firft gauc that power into the/r hands , and alfo by time and long pofft ffion ; whereby all titles orSoueraignty,which for the moft part arc weakc,or wronj^fuli at the firft , arc nude lawfull. Bus 9f Mindei. 1O5 But the lad anJ mortal! difcafeoftlK expiring Empire was this , that many , or moft of the cities , imitating th«le princes, gathered thcm- feliics into Commonwealths, makmgthcmfelues Lawes,and ordaining Magiftrates ; andt© make it knowne,that they had renounced »their firft loyalty, in this flidiug from the Em- pire,thcy challenged the name of Free States ; entering into leagues among themfelues,to maintainc each other againft the SoucraigntyofthcEnope- rour. Soc that country which in one State,&vnd crone Gouernour, had beencablc to contcft with all Europe, puifTant in mcB,aiid ftrong cities, and worthy to rccciue the tranflated dignity cf l66 Iht LMirr^tcr o? the KcmAn: Empire cas now finde noe Piouincc, nor Icarcc any city , that fkcc caa , deliuer to her Emperour in free power and Soueraignty. For the Commonwealths and Principalities will fuffer noc Impcriall garrifons within them nor can that Prince, that bearcs foe great and gloriouJ a title, finde any place among foe ma- ny cities , where hee may hauc his fubie^s leaue to dwell. By this fwcct, and publike crrour, thsy h^ue difarmed theMaie- {i^ of their owne country, Thefeaudn Eieaors,by the Cftftome of t he country, are to - choofc no man QAf^^ ^ but af great man poffefled of a King-* dome^or other great wealth, ? and Territory es of hi5 ownet already. Vertue and Nobility alone alone can ncucr carry thofc voi- ces. Forwherc Choiild the featc of the Etrperourbcc, vnkfl'e he had one alieady without the Empire ? where /liould that Court ^)ec kept, wl?ich were anfwerable to the title of foe great Maitfty ? they would hardly fuffer him to dwell any where among them, whom they loue to honour in his ab- fence. Put if the face of t/iac valiant Nation would permit, that the whole Prouince might be abfblutely fubied to their E- led^d C^fur , then they might eaiily finde among themfeliies fome, that were fit for that great and^puifl ant honour,and bfc forced to fecke after no- thing it\ tteir Elcdions , but vertuc onely. The Emperour then hath fomc 1^3 TheMirT6ur fomc power ( but limited and ftraigbcned)oucraII the coun- try. In ciu ill contentions they doc often appcale to him. But capitall ci-imes the Princes and Free States dociudgc in there ijwne territories. The Empe- ronr his power to call diots,to proclaiine warrs , and deter- mine controucrfics betweenc the Princes thcmfelues. When warrs doc threaten C^rmany^ hcc commands men and mo- ney from the Prouinces,if that may bee termed by command, which cannot bee obtained without their frecconfcnt. The Free Princes in that' fpacious country are vciy ma- * iiy,but the rcuencwes diuidcd ] among the brothers, or male * Kindred of a Family, doe by ^ that meanesgrow flwny times JefiTe of Mifideu l^p tic differences in diuiding Pio- uineesor Principalities, and in ' parting priuate eftatcs,and pa- trimonies. In that manner, the Dakedome of Saxony was m this age diuidcd among many brothers ^ and bccaufe it was a hard matter, thofc that were skilfull in the lawes and cu* ftomes of the country were by their command aflembled together. To whom, as they fate in counfell , and the bro- thers were contending about their right, a fellow of Tome- whatadiftraded minde, but fuch a one, as vfed to deh'ght the hearers with his harmw IcfTc and pleafant madncfle, camcinamongthcm. The eldeft brother df the Saxoit Duke looking vpoa •this ftllow, (for bcc had vCcd 170 The MirroHT his Coufr, and waited at his table) wilt thou alfo (quoth he) giu€ thy opinion concei- ning thisdiuifion of the State.' why fhould I not anfwcred, the fellow ? vpon which, they ' were all in expedation to heare;; feme ridiculous and pleafanjc;- ieft from the mac!-nian,and eri?^^ treated him earneftiy, that his^ counfeii inight not bee wan-^' ling in foe great a matter. But' he denjed to bcare any part in the confultatlon, vnlcflcthcy would giuehim fuch a gowne as the Lawyers vfed to w^are, faying that with that gowne hce fliould put on wifedome. wath thata merrier Genius pot ftffed them all, infomuch that his Lord laughing heartily, com mandcd afurrd gowne ro bee brought out of his waid- rope' rope,' ahd ^t' ypoo^hitoh Which wlien the Mow bid; fitted well, bee walked twice- or thriceabout the roonie,and . began t6 askc ' his Lord> whi-^' ther that girnfent became hiift* well or not ^ exeelleiit well, anfwered the Duke ; but now itremaincs, that thy wifc- dbrhe /hould determine the' cbnti-oaerfies that «^c be- twcene vs. Hee told them, bee would prdently bee ready for theai^but firft he muft retire a; Ifttfc intol'tiie next trhamber; andtliere'h^eWd^ tall fome« (piiitjj of better wifedometa: couqfcll With him. When bee was rcjtired thither, hcefliut- t]i,e 3dore^rcferitly^ tha^ no^ miji jnight enter to interrupt ^llvfitty knauery ; and'pttc* clng off the gownc, with a Ht- I a tie tkfvtord, which y/UiS girded about him^ee cut it from the ilipuWers pc^thc loweft hemm, iato Iqfig and flendcr flafhes. Th?n^ P^tU^S it on 9II ragged a^sit Kyasjhe 9pehed the dpbre, andcomming opt to his Lord asked him againe, how well thatgowfije did now: becomq hjip : ang^r ha,d jCurbed his Lprds laughter J, forxbe gp wric wliich \v;as foe. fpbyTed , was of gre^t pricck Thou wretch (qaDththe.Duke) Iwillhau? tfiec wbipt ,lor pre(uining.f6(: oiadly to fpoyle ihy totdi go wne.Tbe ftllpw x^otat ali ktn lighted, anfwered th]pm thus: hpw ridiculous is ic in yoii t >« foe, extremely 4ngry >vit rne^wbcnyparfelucs arefarr •more dangeroufly wad , t* ' €f Mintteu }fl gdwnc, which I hauc put on, i& the rcpiefcntatipn of yo'iir fbrtuncs,and much more fob- li(h\y doc you gee about to rent, aftd fpoilc theDukcdomc efSax^aj , then 1 hauc done this gaimcnt. Whilft it was WholCjit became mcc well^ and you laueh at it, r;ow it is thus mangled. - ; - Soc Saxony vTfitti In one body doch flourifli, and is dip- iflarit in armcs and wealth ; but when you hauc rent it into ma^ nv peeccs, noe man can vpboJB the ancient dignity. .The wealth oitht Germane Princes, bcfidcs feme taxes and tributes, are, for the in6ft •part , aiifipg out of fiockes and beards of cattell ; as aJfdc ilHit ofche fertilty of the foyle, I J which 174 ThrMkrour whjch commonly thcyjexercifis Hyith the v^oluntary, riot hired 'j^oqroif.t^^ Boores.,By this meancs they cannot cci tainely clcfifie their wealth, and annual! reucneWjWhich is to be valued -^according tp the (changeable price of cornc. The Nobility ^naue,a gieat and fuperftitiou* care of their 'pedigree.; anct thinkc that ancient bIo«d {% ftained, if it .be maiTycd into a lov/er or vpfert Family ) not is Tuch.a ftaine waiheci away iti many genei*ations# .For to i^ clearc 'tcftimony of,.. Noble Jjirt^^.are required eight de- fccnts of anceftors m both Kne;$> which haue not at all ifcne, tainted with this vnc.; i^uall inarriage. In their? difl courfes tiey haue certaincj titles and formes of fteech fit- toil of Mlndes* 17 j ted to all conditions of msn; which |they account it almoll » fin ,ey ther to negIc(fl',or care My co^foandjner doth -any Nation vfe more (ct forme.?, onei burdening eucn the memory of thoft who from their child-hoods hauebecnc trained in that Art, and fu- perflitious diftinc^ion. In thatpart of i^^/^*4, which is accounted in Germany, are t hofe Proui nces, which hcrc» cofore by war, marriflgcs^and fuccf ndons were incorporated together vnder the boufc oT Burgundj ; and afterwards tranfferred by marriage to the Spaniard ; and the chiefc ftrength of that Nat ion,if they could as well obey the harfh commands of their Prince being abfent, as they can ho- I 4 nour I'j6 The Mhrreur noiir him prefent in pcrfon with tbcm.SOiUe of thefe peo- ple in this age complaining of hard vfage^breakirgtbc bonds ' oFc6cord,by which they were tied both to their Pr ince^and among thcmfelues, haucrifen infocgreataftorme, as may welldefenie to put all Europe into a feare. In thiscommoti- on.part of them by armes haue . acquired their liberty; the reft either maftered by power, or detained by loyall reuerence of their ancient Lords, conti- nue flill in obedience to their Prince. Thofe that defpifing the Soueraignty of the SpAni^ ^r^jiiaue made themfelues a free-Scatc, inhabice chiefly about the Ocean ^zn& arc called by forreyne Nations HelUn^ dcrs^ which was the chiefc Mati- Natioa among them. By « bold" neffc ncceffary after their rc- uoIt^tWy haue giuen them-^ fclucsto fea-aSaires 5 froni^ whence they are growne to ' great ftrcngth and wealth/eafv --^ chin^all/horcs, ;lrid infeftmg,^^ thc^4J^)^Sea.By tbii mt^s^ ' their cities are enrreafcdv aha.; their wealth, by dai'y boo-'* ties.Auxihary fouMiers from prance and' England^ hauc^ ; coimc'. vnto ^hcm, by r^fbo ^ of" that muruallbencfirjwfiich " accrewes^ both to the aided, and t)iek.!tferi^. '^' ^'^rr-- . f>:: The bshcr which rttnaine^ vnder the Sp^iff>icepta\ ta-' : kifig aifo t^elr -'roimfe* frbirf ' one of thpir Prouinces , arc catk'd through 'the world 17 S Thf Mirrour Bat the people, though thus diftinguiflied Into two Go- uarneraeots, retainethcAme Genius arid difopfitiorw^Thcir wi;s are candid , but made groffcr as it were by the faulc of^the climate, which yet the^f. ; do^ more depreffe by the 6v^ ftemper of drinking; whither ] this thirft bee kindled in thent by. the fortune of their fitua- tion , and neighbour-hood of ■ Hi^Gfrmaffj^or by the maj;i-, ner of educating their Jinfants*^' For they giue to their iafants^ to abate tl^r defire of milke, whilft yet they hang at their mothers breaftsjbottjes full of beerc , ix?adcjaftcr the fafiiioni ©fadugg^ That innocent and vnc^ri-* ©us age oftentimes lifting to ihc lEsoutb the beere which comes comes foe flowl/, is delighted with the likencffe of fucking, and keept frOiH the wearifom- nefle of idlcndfe. Nor is the thing without fome profit , if from their firft growth onely youefteemc it. For infants foe ordered arc brought.to haue ftrong bodies, and foil oFcheerefuII and whol- fbme iuycc. But the perpetu- all cuftome of drinking, grows by foe vfing it intoa perpetuall pleadire, ftirring vp the dciirc ofthc palate,which is euer af- terwards, cyther ouerflowed, or thirftie. To this may bee added, the qualitie of that drinke, not quenching the thirft after the manner of wine andwatqij but in a thickeh- quor, leaning ftill thatvpoa the iawesy which by the next draijghff lloi The A^srr§ur (iraught woald bcc waAed a- way. But by this ftrangc dc- Hght in drinking thdr wits (which you would wonder ar) arc no: drowned, and made ft^3thfull,biJtindultnousin all the aices of merchandife, be- yond the dih'gencc of other Nations. Their ftrong and ac- oifloHJcd bodies are able to buckle with tha: vice^sin6 wth a woniroas klicity diflipate agiinethoic clouds of dnnke, which in banquering arife in thcra : fee that :hdr drunken- ncffe lare at nighr makes them no: flothfuii in their bufioeffc' tke next niorring. None excell their induflry ia low arts. JdlenclTc v/irh more-. wote then jithenUn fcue- rityis puniflicd among them ; their boyts (if ncedc bee, at the pubUke charge ) are trained vp in a<5iion, and^ thcii? maides to the fpindlc ; cuery age js excrcifed, and fweat in a fitting calling ; and labour familiar to them from their child-hood , baniihes, cuen by cuftome alone, the louc of vnknowne floth. By this frugall difciplinc their- cities are wonderfully en* riched with tr2L&ing , and few of them flccpe in the lethargy of beggery. The wits of rhe people arc ncy- ther capable, nor paiienc 0^ fraud. They doe eafily value otlicrs \viththac'truft which they arc 1^1 Tie C^irr^kt arc worthy of. buttb^fim* plicity, once decciued,with an irreconcilcable hatred auoidcs the perfidioufecfTe of thofe that cozen them. Among theft people there haue becnein all ages fome ex- cellent mindes thatlaaue kept vpthcdignitie of learning; or die admitted to the Priuy Councells of Princes & States, haue with worthy dexterity managed the affaires commit- ted to them. As in thofe rcgi- ©nsjwhere commonly, and as it were, by the priuikdge of their birth, fliarpe and elegant wits aiife/ew art cy ther care- full,orable,to cxcecde the te- nor of their owne mediocrity ; fo Nations,of a lower fate as it were , and niore furniflied with the ancient goodneffe, ther> thcii the vainc ornaments of fubtelty,arc fometimes exccl- leac in wit , and grow nearer to heauei) , then they were borne to the earth. The chiefe men oi Holland h^e commonly framed cheirc mtndes and manners according to tbeGenins of tharComnion wealthjwhich rhcmfelucs hauc roade;cyther i^y a facility of Nature borne to that forme of Gouerntn^nt^\V;hich now they hsae, prclfe,b(y'afiibtl€ and pop4iar garbe, ready alfo to vndergoc ail offices of mu- tual! feruitudf, vnkiTe when th^ ar^r^omwandcd to beare Butthofe Noblemen, which are vnder the Spdniard, arc more filled with Court- ambi- toon, and with their Bdoickt dif- 1S4 The Mirr^Hr pbfirions bane mixed the mil- \ ncrs ofthat pcop*fC that rcignc Ofiir- them. Whence it comes to - pafTcpthatthey ha-if,as it were,' a double Nature, and a diipofi* tion varioas , and almoll dhii-! . ded between e two md^ di^ fcrcntincimattons. But among ■ fllitbetr defire5/the ^c{\x^ of hono'iri is the great eft. They do ambitkKjflyieckejacd care- fully roalntaine thofe tkles ^ natBfs which ihe craft of ' f: attercrs has intiented to di- ftinguii}i :\vp[\t their af- * fe^f^ions morejthenbvfafutir^ them cjimiHg'y W^ hoficur* They a.e currcous to th<^ that F.atFet thcro , and pro- d jgfll in gtuing refpecl where they e^rp^c^ greater. Soc with true and fi^-xere lo.ie the? xt* ' com- ceirpcncc a iubcle flattery, vnkfl'e that they being moo- ued to louc for vainc rtafons, arc often changed by the fame ra/hncffe ; and pci chance by a vaine fufpition of contempt, are loft as farreastoextreniC hatred. The common-peopk in thoTe Prouincci) on both fides doc-more^cftecmeafhevv of h bcrty,and vaine tokens of pa- rity, thcnhberty it felfe. From hence proceeded rho(e arts, which foe eafily caLch thcmias; nottodifdafiie their clowniQi iefts , to entertaine dilcourfe with them by the way, and to mixc thy {cite with them ( thoigh much the r.liiperi- our)iQ a kindc of humility, which /hall ncytber beedifpa- «ging,norlQng-lafting. 1 85 IheiMircutr William Prince of OrAnge^ a tnoft; politike man , by this art, more then by any warrc- like force affiided the Sfuni^ The Boores of I^qIUk^ in- habited many Townes by the Oceim-Rdiz ; the grcatell ftrengthCnoc doubt) of ^r/j/4 reuolting from the Sp^niardx and able to weary the wealth ©f both the Indits : for the Townes guarded both by Na- ture and fitoation, might by no very chargeable' fortificati- ons bee brought to an impreg- nable ftrcngth. Therefore at the beginning of their reuolt, ivillUm by a new way of popularity had wonne all the 2ffe(!^ions of the people,who thpught in how much more happy a condition they efKMinda. 187 ibey fliOuU Hue ynder fuch a Captaine . as owed his po- wer and authority to them, then vndcr the King him- felfc. For comming {louenlyfrom fea or the plow, they had free acceffe to fliin^ whole Maicfty, and attendance was not gre^c or troublcfome^ Hcc himfclfe inadcepc fubtlcty, was glad to haue himfclfe faluted by thofe,that met him or came to \\\m , by noc high or cnuicd nances, but fumctimes plainc William. And very well know- ing by what waies cfpccially the afFeand where AneruHtJPi^*^ teoU^ and Cumd wanton it. As rich and beauti full (being a country almoft leuell, and well watered ) is that which the Lombards tooke ixoxsk pof* feflion of the French. But if we compare the for- tune of all ItAlj with her ncighbours,as GermxftyJErAncc ana that more Northern £n>- tAine ; then perchance we may iuftiy bee alhamed that haiy^ by our preuaricatioa feeding foe much the glory ofit^fliould eclipfe the felicity of our ownc country- The Land is rugged in gc- Lv.all by the frequency of mountainc5,or pardiedvyKh t90 1^1 TheMtrreuf too great and barren heatc The foilc is dry in many place s, and wbcre it is arable, theit- corne, before it be ripe, is corrupted by frequent fmuts, ordeftroy- ed by violent hiile. Of pafture-grounds there is ftoc grcatflore, and in thofe the vvooll of their fiieepe is naught, and their flcfli^worfe. And fcarcc at any time has the fruit fiillncfle: ©f \talj beenc abletofu)1Jce plentcoufly her ownc inhabitants for three ycares together; nor much- leffe wopld it fujiice them, did tiotthe frugality of the men,^ and the condiiion of the cHme,' Requiring noe plentiful diet, acauflome them to (paling and' fober feafts. Trees ofdiuf^v.^ forts, which vnder thsmoae- tatcaeffe pf .our clime doc- thriuc 9f Mlndeu ipj thriuc happily, arc there enfee- bled bytooBiueh heate, brin- ging forth weakc , and vnpro- ficablc fruit.OrangeSjPotnegra- nates,and Figges ofdiacrs ra« ces doe there abound to tem- per with their coolcncffe the exccffc of hcace in the country : which fruits, though not at all ncceffary for humane vie, yet carried about the world , arc growne precious more by oub delicacy then their ownc value. For 01iucs(tbough there they are counted oac of the three great bleflings of mankind, with Cornc and Wine,) they haue reafonto prize out of the conditionof that country, la w^-ich by the fault of paf- tnrc , their dry cattel doe af- ford the DQilkers but little K and IP4 '^^^ Mirrour and vnfauouiy vdders. Their flcfli mcates degenerate fiom the fweetncfle of ours almoft into another kindc of taftc,cx* ccpt only (ome few, which doe better indure the violence of the (unne. So that now thofc palates of parafites (b fre- quently filling the (jr^^i^**, and Roman Comedies with com- 1 mendationof H{ihes,inay feeme | to haue beene efpecially diced to that country. Their Cities are foj: the mod part faire^and fituated in plcafant places* Their houfes built ©f nal flight matter, elpecialiy tho(e| which they call Palaces, ar commonly more beautifull foi the greatncffc of their ftruft ure, then conuenient for ih Yfe of tbc dwellers in them4' Jicyi ofMlndes. jp^ They glitter with marble of dmcrs kinds , and fometimes with gold ;t heir roofes cxtca- l^d with magnificent workc. :t)*d eaten ftatues arc placed vpon faire& precious fuppor- tcrs,which for their gorgeous places are ronietimcs indebted onely to the lying report of tbofe that fell them. But where their walls doe afford fpice for ymdowcs, there their houfes d(^ lofe fomewhat from the iuftre of the other building.For commonly cythcr coorfe Vu:^ ncn , or oylcd paper doe coucr thofe places which arc ordai- Jf{.t^*',^«fing in of light. Wliich thing as it is vnflghtly to the beholders, foitimpri- Pons the eyes of the dwellers ivithm j the bounds of their Parlour or gaUcry doorcs , farrc K a from i^6 The LMirrour from the comelincfle of the frcftch or Brittifh manner, where their windowes are ^adeof glafle,afFording them a freeprolpcd ot that which i$ without, the bcames of light dancing as it were cheerfully vp-: on them. Thtir temples alfo (for that i A part of their fi^me J doe not fully anfwcre the ex- pedationofftrangcfs. In ima 'ges and figures is the grcatef lufl:re,and nothing more beau tifuUtben their altarSr Purple 6 filkc arc accounted but mcan^ ,ornamets in refped; of the golc and gems of price, Thepauc mcntsof different inarblej are) domed with varinsworkmai ihip, where iniliteablecolou] the figartsof flowrs,bfbirdSj beafts,arereprerentcd.Thcirp lats of marble arc fo w«adcrf Iar| cfMhdes. 197 largc,as may almoft bring that flone into a low cftecme.But fo rich a beauty in their building, is not brought to the height of comhnefTejtheir roofa being not enough raiCed and the free (imnc {carceiy is admitted into thofe dark places. Their windows are Ihadowed with much iron, and thicke piv^ures wrought vpon therotif any temple do chance to rcceiue light eythcr by the rarity of bui^din^sneerc^orcenucnicnt (ituationof the doorcs, then cy- ther wkh fpreadiog vailes, or interpofed walls they banifli that benefit which the funnc would g:ue,bcleeuing,it fliould recme,thatdeuotion is railed by the (adnes of night, and by the pleafure oflight vaniflics againc» But whatfoeuer ftrangers do c ;teem c^their publike Duildings^ K J they I tg^ 7 be Mirre^r ihey cannot but wonder at and abborre the fordid mcahncffe ofthcir priuate lodgings. For at their Innes being entertai- ned with fcarcie and fluttifli proaifions , their flomakcs are ; diuided betwccne two contra- ries, foatbing and hunger; bc- fides the naftines of their cham-f bers, and lodging j annoyed by gnats and flinging flics of ma- ny kinds , they haue gratif:g H6afl:«,and high prices fci vpon badcntertaincmtnt. But fortune has found out for that, country other blan* diflimenrs to allure the minds of thofe which trauaile thither* For cythei publikc errour, or a fate befriending h^Iy^ inni- teth young trauailcrs to that place from all parts of Europe j , where cnioying mutuail con-' tent tent info gre«t a frequency, that which they ovvc to their ownefociety, they impute to the pleafure of that country. . For if you loue nucn of your owne Nation, there you miy iindc them in abundance? or if •you delight in the fellowfliip of farreiners, you haue ftirc choycc among multitudes of fo many nations : efpecially the commerce of mindcs fo farrc oftentimes oblicging ftrangcrs, that to be fellow trauailers^is a greater cnducement to entire fdendlliip then to bee fellow citizens. So from all Prouinces they come as it were into one body, and fecmc to conftitute one commo.q and extemporary home. Befides, thofe young men that traLiailc into lta({engers,and priuate enemies one againft anoth5r;narnre lia- uiog lo difpenced the iffedions of men, that in thofc Countries where there is generally the greatcft flicw of humanity, there the rage of their thecues is mofl:crucll,andthcreuengeof enemies mod barbarous. For Ifa/j beeing moft forward , andprofule in obfcquioufneffc and courtcfic , reaches on the contrary the extremity of cruelty in the difpofiti. ons of her thceues , and thofe that are at cnmiry. lheFrg»chi which embrace fricndlliip^not' altogether with fo much hu- mility of words and gcftures, do remit fomewhat alfo in their enmity of the halUn cru- elty 5 nor can they bee Co eafily induced by impiouf murders, ^ to ^06 The Mirrour to violate the lawcs of nature j at the ieail th?y account death the height of their ieuenge,and make it not the goalc or marks of pie afure , to w hich by de- grees of torture they would bnr^gthfir enemies. Laftofal', the ingUPri which want fome- whatc^ the pompous flicw of \\itTrcneh humanitv^doe w^ant much more of their barbarous Cfuclty, For Enjlifh thecues arc content withrhf boutyon^ ly • it is therea ftrange and vn- vfuall thing for thecues to kill; butwit!i long piked ftauesthey knocke the pafltngcrs downe, wcbcaufesinthem onelya {hcrt amazement , that ncyrher are they able to defend their goods^ dor the theeues enforced to their flsughter, which often caufes a bloud^' bickcritig on boJi fides. But ofMindcf, 107 But A-c/^,thougb wholy en- uironcd by the Teas , and the t/^/p^/,and ioyned together by the community of one lan- guage, is notwithilandi ng dii- uidcd into many kinds of taflii- ons and manners, accordit^ to the diuerfiiy of the fpirits that inhabit it. For bauing beene often conquered , and that pieccmeale,and by diners kinds of people, her inhabitants arc not of one nature. Thofe ftran* gcr natures fhec mixing with her ownc , is^ by that meancs, her-felfe.fcafoncd with the fates of a forrcine Genius. Befidcs-, the feuerall formes and forts of goucrnment, into which euery part o^ Italy ^ after fo many changes,hathcompofed it felfe^ doe make mjch for €oc for- ming of feuerall difpofitions in mcQc Rome to9 TbfMirrottr Eoms it (clfe by the furious inuafion of many people , was long fince throwne downe from her wondrous height of wealth and greatncflc, as if the whole world liad fought from her a reftitution of their fpoiles- Norcucrdid Change fliew fo prodigious a tclHmony of her power ouer the miadesof aien, as when by floth and bafe- nelfc flicc ruined that great Empire, which fo much valour and worth had ray fed. The City it (eife at this time vn- ^tr the Popes iurifdidion, with a great part oi Latium & Vmbria^zn^ fome neighbouring people^dorh yet retaine mindes fit for fo great an Empire, and the Maiefty of her Prince is more preferucd through all the world by writing, rpucrence, and' •/ tjiiindef. 209 and religious awe , then by the armcs and valour of rbe old Ro- mans.But all that farthcft hornc of If^/^'jftretch'd out into the TofiUn ft a, from ^icsnnm^^n& FormtMftfim , cnuirone.l o 1 both {ides by the Tprhgniart^ and jidriaticks^t2iSy isvndej Kings^ Theftate of the kingdome is cslled Nafief, No part of ItMj is filled with Nobility of more haughty and proud diipofiti- ons. They arc pra^^ifers of Armes and Horfemanfh ip , lo- uers of honour and fludious of all magnificence. In that other Coaft of Italy ^ whichfifftmeetes with the A* driaticke^ hauc the Venetians built their OtyiW ben being de* priucd of the land-tow ncs , in that wafte of Jf^Z/jWhich i/it* tiU made , they were fainc to 110 Tl-f Mfn-^m- to hide :h:rr.'rel::ts in their fcT*s and r..i-. ".es. In cr.2: Ciry, t h 'J J g 'r . - . r : w c r a - d ^o:: er d- Ei:::: c: :r.t Comniouvcalth dv>e bt'or.g :oaU the Nobiliry in feRral'^ycr rheadniixflra- tior. Q-^ i: i s in the fcar^cs o:a fiew of tr.;.: rTiOft ancieTit Sena- tour s ; a 'itit'.z 2d foilicirous gouerr.airr.T.ib .T.^ri ne^des be, aTicr.2 i'o .'Tir,-.- r:t;r,t nciob- b- ^ v/eathyCiriz-rof tr- : y whofericrjs 2-d g-eatnclT: Enigh: :::,d to am- bition, if it were r.o: cj'bcd. So their mindss by tha: ci.ci- plincarecorredcd.and not onc- |yrro::-'-':^-p:n:heb:2-eryj aid lb .^::s, b„: vvint a'.fo th^.e delights and orna- menrs, which ail the Nobi- lity of oth=r Countreves doc ^rlls and caioy , as A^rmes, horfc- horftmani3hip,andthc Jikc; be- fides other elegancies and court fliips which the cii domes of t/ie flgc doe tcaeh them. laftly , they are taught to bee Vsi^^y more for the pubiicke, then for their priuaie, vnlefTe onely in this, that they are very diligent in managing their pri- uate patrimonies. Other Cities alfo vpondiuers Thorcs of /f^/7 had fettled thcmfelues in the forme of Commonwealths, whom theftrcngth of fortune hath fince dcpriucd of the liiftre of that gouernmcntjvvhich thty from forraine ftas had brought with them,and forced them to come vndcr the prote(ftion of Kings and Princes. In thofc people there arc iDixtfouIes»and doubtfully hc« ucring betwccnc the defiles of of glorious liberty, of which they ycr retainr t £hadow,or rc- prcicDtarwn and the ncccdary, ye^ h^auyyoake t^FthofePiin- ces^ vndcr whofe protection tbsy were forced to put them* tlucs. But the Lcmbards both in their mindcs and bodies Laue mixed , as it were > the Image aud Genius of Tmnce and Italj ; their counter sarccs and garbes being ccm- pofed to the fafnioni of the /'rrffljbrauery , but yet retai- ning the Itdian qualities, and iillcd or. borh fidei, with the vertucs and vices of bo:b Nati- ons, The other rcgiorsof/r^// are vnder the command of their owne princes ; they are IittIeScates,and thcrfcrcto be goucriied gouerncd wich the greater skill , as (mall barkcs in the midd'ft of a wide Ocean, And feeing that in facb Imall Pro- uinccs the naaiefty of a Prince cannot btc richiy fupportcd, but by great tribute and ex^ a(^i0ns,long and wholcrofflecu-t flotnc hath caug^^t tholt* pceple not onely to bee induftnous in getting of wealth, butalfo noc to clcnie it to the vfeof their So- ueraigne Princes. But there is nothing (b hard for humaae diligence to at- taine, but the excellency of an Italian wit wiU aQ)ire to it. FrOBi the m^wicft rankes of their cornmoi > people many dai- ly by teppy induftry doe ad- ttince themfcJues^both togrcat BamcandplentifuII .^ftares. No kiodeof cares^or (u needc bee) na no condirioa of hcmiliry will they diidainc , if it proinirc wcal:h ; ioc^paincs and long hopes they will vndcrtake andfofter: oac of which, the fiidzo^ SpjufUrdsj the other thcliiddainc and hot dii^ti- OQSofthe French vfiAiaot en- dure. They haac decpe and able cnindes tor the gouerning of Commoawealths, and £: for any fortune i frugall men , acd projidentof:he tuture. klany aoioog them can write I^io, but HOC fpcake it fo wdL Tfcar language aifo which vnL garly tbgy vfe , though it bee notbino ciie rhen a mixture of barbaro-js words with corrup. ted Larin^yet both inrpeaking, and wri-ing they ftricc toalrcr, •sfarreasthcy can , fro>7i all fioa^^ of the or^ii»li i aod to th^s that end they drawbaeke the words into their throates, fo that the roughnes of tfct found, and contraftion ofwords(tdr Tear cc do they come wholly to your cares) may fccmc to bee nothing a*kin to the old Lan'n^f Aftertnat manner hath S^Mne alfoat this day infe(fled her lao- guage,fo that drowning the £\vc^ plicity of word$,with a confu- fcd harfhncs, forced as it were from their brefts , they lofe the fweeteneffe ef many letters: but the fwectneflc of learning ^oth not a little flouriih ia Italy ^ efpecialiy thole parts oflearmng to which the Uuely elegance of nature doth inuite tnem; which ifi witneiTed by that (aire plenty of their aatiuc poetry fnuyM by«ll their seighbour« !iacionfi| which hath made 1 1 5 Ihe L^rr&ur facredthc Poets names, bar- ring in lb maay fai:i;;d nres of louCjfO :hc rcno wning of their fjppDkd idffriags. For iz is no murtr wl'/Crhcr tbe}^ expreffe thctnfciucs in tbcir ownc lan- guage, or in the old Icamed tongues , (ceing it is the fame rapture which kaies a pure and rich wit m tbcir ownc pDpaUr eloquence, as well as in the an- cient. F©r cbc GrecUMf wrote thore things which their peo. p!c vndsr^ood^Td the Ro^mAmg fitted the Greekc Comedies , and all the pith of Athenisndk}^ quencc to the carss of their comaHXipceple. Lad ofall, what fhali we dy of JtaJydH Hirtorians , thofc whiofe lincerc and faitbfuli wi& i^ome frail eterrizc their w*ri- tings ? o: tkoic that ofeod by too 9f Mifiieu 117 too much cloqjcncc andpartiar- lity^ bu: religion, and hcauenly wifcioine,as well as humanclcar* nirg, with whatfoeueris Icfcia thecuftodyofthcMufes^ was cucr highly indebted to the wit$ oFthai Nition.And to conclude, you fiiall no where findc more true examplesof facrcd vcrtucs, or abominable vices^ then in lulUn mindcs : To tiwt as one fiydof ^^tf»/,Thcregrowcs in ilo place more venomous hem- locke ; nor any where elfe are J the Bce^hiues filled with "! cxtradion of fw€c# CCr flowcrSi *** The The feuenth Chapter. SFAINE, THe fairheft bound oF Eii- rop€ , as you traueil to W/*, aiidthcgrcat Offi?»',is SpMft^^ c ' aiKicnrtime^, from tic ... of ir , llf/pe: r *^^fucr v«»ard H^^^/^'^//^ , fr om thenameofatowne;and laflly bytbar name, which it now rctairKS. A fpacious. Land, cnrcrpofcd alone bemTjd ffce ^ attlf i^nd j^ffricke^ an Hand cucry way , vnfeffconely there, where the Tyre^.^an moun- tairscs are the borders of ir. A land fuinous heretofore for her fcrtilityj but at this da? by her great bixcnncfle , derogating froa> from the credit of old Hifto- ries. The fbyle Is naked in mofl: places, and ccuered oucr with b;irreri (ands, wanting water, & not clothed at all with grafTe or corne : but where the veines of water do runne along, affording nouriftiment to their corne and vrneyards , it is wonderful!, how nature hath there bicffcd thcm:They hauein thoft places Co great a ^knty, as doth almoft rccompcnie the barrcnneffc of the odjji* grounds. You would think^c firange^that in fome fields tbe husbandman rcccy- iKth his icede with inercafc an hundred fold. Their townes arc ftotmanyjandinthofc that arc, they want prouifion to enter* Uin traucller s infuch a manner, 9iitf^nci^Brittaine^ ot Italy la can can do. The inhabitants arc conftant in keeping f^ill the ancient habits , and the very Genius of their forefathers. They are abl- men, and parient of labour , not fuch labom^ as bC'Ongs to tilling of the ground, orhancJy-crafts, but I'uch efpccially , as h fuita. ble to warre-like adions; as for example ; Watch- fulneffc , hunger, thirft, and all kindc of (uftcrancc that belongs to wlitary difcipline. For their mindes being conftant in pur« fuing thofe hopes which they Once conceiuc , account it asi cfpeciall point of verrue, noD to bee wearyed with miflFor tunes and dangcrsr From hence in old timt was S and nianners» fitted to the difciplinc of Seft9rimty were able to weary both tJ^Mcllhs and T#w- While the S/>4;//4rrf/ were yet barbarous « and diuided into many and rude goucrncments, they were taught their owne ftrengthby the Carth^giftUns ^ RwMnj warring againA each L i other; 121 Ihf Mirrcttr Other : wbofe sn^birion Sf4i fl'fFered for, cxpcfcd as ir were a rc'vvard for vidcry cbtaiijcd againft.anctbvi flsrc. The forces o't Carth^tge tc- ifrgfubducd end expelled, the lufls, and coueroufoifl'c of the Remans, srrd a loueto liberty, which the Sv^nUrds then vr- derftocd when they had lo: , did fo {line vp this rude "and fearbarcus peop'e againft their ^ COnqucrOin s , that Sfaine wat * uei:er altogether quiet, buts: moft cuery yeerc prouokit:^ thearmtsof Italy, ^iigufius Cdfdr hirafelfc alio iudged not that warre a- gainft the Cuntahrians to bee an adion of h'ght import,and thcr- fere committed nor th-e mana- ging of it to his Licutewnr, but was th;rc in perfbn, as ac- counting •f Mindes. li% counting it a danger and at- chieuement worchy of hts feli- city. Nor did the Sp^ftUnis in Co many wars,tnd fo much cf- fufion both of their own and o» thcrs bloods,thinlcat alloffct. reine conqaeft-s^bat ftriycd on. [y not to bee dmcs themfelucs. At laft, when they were accuf- tomed to bearea yoakc, the 6^^f^/and Fandals tooke them jiw^y from the fubict"^ion of Xtf^wf, making at the firftacon* quell fortherafeluesjbut after- wards for Sp4he dfo, feeing they incorporated themfclues with the Nation of Spswe. A fierce ftorme of inuafion came afterwards out of MdHrit4Mi4^ which lighted not onely vpon Sfaine it f^fe,but with the fame riiocke fcizsd vpon France^ fprc^ding farrc the ftrcngth L 4 and ^^4 "theMirronr and violence of thofe inuadirg Saracens. But thofe Moores beaten out oF France ^ and the neighbouring parts of ^Aine^ fcated theixilclues tejond the i The other parr^ o'i: SfaiKe\ were diiiided then into kutr^W \ and cmuIou6principalit.es : vn- \ till (being the fir ft pk dee of vniting S^aine) I f4h I la^v^ho fuccecded her brother in the KingdcKcf Cafiiie.w^s inarri- , td to Ferds^amd the ty^rra£omai$ i King, and by the greatnefie of i her dowry,brought ty€rragon \ aProuincc,thathadeuer becne | more free then befitted a true | Monarchy, into due fubieaion; afterwards with conioyncd ftrength they vanquifhed the i Moores, ^nd chafed them a- gaioe of Mindes. 1 1^ gainc into %/ifticke^ who al- ffiod eyght ages had pofleHcd Vnderthc fcliciryof their rcigtrc did that QQlumhus di(^ coucrr %/im€ric4 in the Weft- Indies , and that the aSaires of S^Mne with profpcrotis fates might bee fully exalted on all fides, the Nether-lands alfo^by the new alliance of FkHtf of %Aufiri4 , were added to the Spdnifh Empire* At the fame time alfb, th« forces i>( France being driueo out of ^puUa , 6id FcrdiMfki make himfelfc mafter of the ihcKingdomcof A^i/>/«» Immediately afi:cr,did Charleg the iift, honoured with the tide of RtmiH Emperour, bring to the growing affiiires of Spuine^ 2tS The Min&ttr a new reacrence^and ripcncHi as It were , and by piowefle fubdued the Ducchy of C^UU^ There remained now out of Spaifie onely Ponfif£0//^(^iCioy* ncd both by name and affcdionj from it, a Kingdomc enriched by theirtrafliquc with the Bsft- j Indies,to which with bold ad-j tientnrcs they failed along farrc and dangerous African {horcs, & eftabliftieda Kingdome there by conqueft , and plantation of i rich coionyes : bat this Pro- uince a(fo was by the death of King Self aJlUffi vnited againc to the body of S/>^/W, and were brought vndcr the fub- icaioa of y/^////, tbefecond,the SpaHiJhMonarch. Bu: by thcfe increafcs of the Sffmlh grcatneffe, the manners ofMt^^cs. 227 manners ofthe people are not changed, but exculcd rathci-. For there was in them, at the time oFthcir meancft lowncfie, i pride befitting the greatneflc they hauenow; to whichthofe people were come by the m- llitia of their owne nature; and that is the fpring of vertues and vices in them. They haue graue mindcs , ar.d iwclhng high, but mixed with a kmde oFweightinefle, which make* them not rallilv carried vpon diucrs thmgs ; they know as well howro vie their vidorkf, as to obcainethsm : fo being conftantproofe againft all dan- gers , they arc not vanquiilicd by time, nor wearied out. Nor can you rcmooue from thofc brcfts , wf!iich it once poflcfles, this Sp^»>/>/ srauity.which na- tlU€ made. But the words in which they magiMfie themfdues and their Nation, loathfome to the ftwrerj, and often traduced by IttyrtCiU Comicke-writcrs. their countenances alfo , gc- ftures,andconuerfations &. tabic to their fwelling Ian. guage, iiitofeiable to ail but flauilh and vanquiflied niindes. ^othaddealmoltakindc of ha- tred toihcir fenerc Maic The SfMifi fouldier is bet- ter in an army, and ffpecially m their Pi>a/a»x,then in a fingle encounter. That wealth which patrimony hath acquired, and often denyed to the necffity oF their temperate-made bodies, thcyjouc to fpend vpon app,* JcU,andfodifi>Iayitin9flen«- tWO| •f Mindef. 219 cion ; with a confidence of tbemfelues alwayes great , but mod of all auioog f ear e Full or patient men. They are woa- dcrousfruga'I,notoncIy in the heatc of their owne climate (where their bodies enfeebled by ihe excefle and violence of Sunne, make them defirous of little food:) but a/I othef places where they cate at their ownccoft. A little quantity of bread with hearbes and fawccs of nogrcat price, will commonly fumce their Nature fo hardly accuflomed ; but ac another mans charges , none are more free for the mirth offealling, and thentherecan bee no courfes of rich ban* queting, which with thdr eyes «nd hands they do not fully exa* {nine: »30 TheMirrour ffiinebuc in the mofi wretched ind low cftaic of pouerty,a S^^ff/Wcanfiot forfake bis fa- pcrciiious pride. There was a poorecoblerlyipg on his death- 0£d,vvho,\vhen hi^fonnc borne to the faine fortune, canievnto him^and asked him if he would , command or co'jnfdl hid in sny thing before his death ; with hislaft languiOaing breach thus anfwered his fonnt; Remeaiber ordvfquoth he>hat ihou keep vp thy f^W^ in that port that iJefeemcs the maicfty of thy fa. ^-\)\ Btit a poore woman of Spame feemed to mee a miracle o^ pride in this nature. Sh^e was clothed , but kzrcQ co-' ucred , with ragges and par- ches ; and accco-.panifd with three children ,- by mifcrablc begging liee luflained her bun- gry life: fiice lighted by chance vpon French Gentiexncn , and one of them mooued with com- panion of her apparent mifery, iaidvntoher, I will eafe thee^ WOtnan,of part of thy burden; giiiemc thceldcftofthyfonnes ( hee wastcnyecresold ) hcc Aiali attend vpon nice , and bee putonely to cafyfemiccs befit" ting his age ; and , iv)icn hce growesvp, (hall at my charges bee bound to any trade that hce bcft likes. The woman anfwe- red, God forbid, Sir, that, although you fee mecin fome wants, I fhould condemne my fonnc to fo low a bafencs^whom peither you nor I can rcll^to howihighfbrtanes he may bee ordained and by what eminenc vertucsauailable hereafter to his country.lt were better for him 23* TheMirroHf him (if fo the fates will fuffcr ) to bcc pined with hunger, then to defccnd to feruict: a thing abhorred by braue mindcs , efpccially vndcr a for- rcinc matter. But the Spaniards oftcn« times coozcn the world,wirh a falfe fhadow of thofc great (pirits,whichnarur£ily, or vn- aduifedly they make {hcwcf. For many oi them contented with a poore and mcanc for- tune , feemc not at all to ered theii thoughts coany aduancc- inent befecming tl:eir fuperci- iiocs garbc. From hence it comes tu pr.fle^hat you ftiall fco them foi fmali per:i5<>ns grow old in garrifons (^s it were in their ownc hDafes)entertayning nocares of r^at height that may bcc fuitabiCto their ambicious '^^ lafjguagf* language. Which things the inhjdticf the French can U{& ciidure,beiri«5iwaics erc<51cd to any ncwarchituemcT)t;northc diligence of an /a?^4ii , watch- fbli alvvayes to lay hold vpon a fr.turefbrrunc. The (lu dies of learning ihine not in Spainc with thatluftrc, which this age hath rcftortd to the naked and poore Mufcsi when eutn that fpirit of erudi- tioii , which ought to tell all parts of the fdcnces,did fecma altogether loll and vanifhcd. Fortherc ncyther cicqaence in theLatine tongue, nor the c- legancc of Poetry , nor that profitable and folid know- ledge of Hiftory , and fincicnt rices is at all regarded. They Jceepc their old ^nd ( almoft barha* 2?4 TheMirroMr barbarous) manner of artaming P--..oiophy they frudr, they i^Jc duiiniry, and dcfpifc no: J:n- kno\7kdg2 of thelawcs rad C?rjo.73 ; butcanno: endure thar thofe le^^ings iLoaJd be cicfTed a: an in the Greeke or l3:i::e dcgancksias ft:ppofing that by rbofc adulterate var- rilhef Cas tliey thinkc thefp):be Imramenrs of manly Iean-:u;g would laaguL^n away. There was lardy a man op no meane fame in iearnm^ , who being comoiandcd by rhofe,:© whom fc^jpplyed hit ftrui€e,topro- fciTediLuniry io S/>if/«/, became portly of low eftceme there, by rha: inraa)y (as i: were) of tnebei: iearning,and was con- ^raiiKd esrruftly ro bcegeleauc ofhisparroQi, tKarhee might qui: q litt the place, and findc oat lome other country wore cspa- bleof his humanity. The elpc- ciali fhcw of learning there, is afar the Germane manner , \v\ long volumes containing iittle matter ; and tbatelforaken witli a fuperfluous labour out of o. iher authors.This is the bant cF their vRiueiTitiesJn their other Cities the commerce of the fci- crxcsis not fo frcqucntjCvnkffc oncIy,tbat for the hotiour of their Realme^thcyiouc to hauc bookcs written in their ownc language, ) So that it may alto- gether fccme, that for an ambi- tion of warlike fame,they haue on purpofe put on this mif- becomming forme ef cruelty and ncgkd toward the Mu- fes* Tbcy haue dccpc and refer- uc4 ^3^ The MirrPitr ued mindc5,firted for flow ^iti^ Je^s .• hence will they vnder. takeiorg mines, ami vnfccnc. as u were,fey the b€fIeged,moft xvjfeiy cftecQung oF u aire and pcace,according to their ownc ©ccanons. They frame thcif-mindesac- cording to thcfr wtal:h,and h^ this inuinrible art to triumph cucrthemoftvaliam Nations. Buc their mofl: vfuall matter IS, for procuring of reuercnce, tovfc the names of the cclc- itiall powcrs,and hy pretence of rdigion,roconceale rheirambi- t Jon fi om the peoples eyes : im- p^King their dcfires and coue- toufncfle to Gods caufc, and \§J^nng. as it were, for him. they conquer fubtiUy for them. ^^\^^}^ V/iththatpreface-like beginning before ail tAeir at- tcmptF cmpts , ihey enter , as it Wjtre , into a Scene or Tragc- dK , FW<«4wi/^/ and//>M/4 taught to their fuceclTours that Qelght, which is now giowne their €oantry faOiion , For they would eucr findc out m their enemies fomc caufc of pub- like hatred , that they in all their warres might bee thought executors of the wrath ofGod* When they negotiate with Princes of other nations , they chufe not their Embafladours out of the number ot their Dukes or Grande j , but from thefolitude of feme monaftcry or other. And fe, bt/idcs the charges abated in the Embaf-^ fige, fuch kinde of Agents procure tt> tU bufincfe a|8 Tot Mitre fir faythaudreuereace. This thing in the is inoit worthy of praile, that the S/?^;*/^^^ though men be fcarce there; an J his bnd noc populous, can conrainefovaft and (cart :red an Empire with garifons , and colonies of his ownc natmcs; and by the name of the Indies, together with his great bragSjhis wary and indu- ftrious fraud, can vphold a faaia of wealth in his Exchequer .But that pomp of garb and language in tlieS^ii»jt/2;Natioa,istb€rforc kfle di{hftftiil,becaufeit fecmej not at all affc(^edor put on by the ; but to fwcll of it (elfe euen from the inftind: of nature. Of wiicJ^cuery motion, though dediniflg ititQ vioeg,! know sot by what Gemui, doth fccme tocoirtoiirtg. / •5^" But thas^fOU fliaj not think« tbcnu ofMindes. 239 them vnw orthy of fucjha fad i- OD of m;nd,as luay (etms fir for the perfenating cf a Tragedy, they are great haters ( ar leaft in pubiicke} of ail fordid fcafc- ntffe; they are great louejrj, for the a I tire of thtk bodies , of pcaterefle, ard the National! fafliion in t heir apparell. Thcii wcaf Qi]i(as thecbiefc orraiiiCnt cf a man) ihc-ugb thry wsm tneate,rhty will both kccpcandueare. They hauc nothing of vainc folly (except ondy their brag- ging ) eythcr m difconrfeot Other conucrfation of lift. ^ Thtirmindcsarcfubtilljjmd ||t for aiUhiiigs , nor are they fo ignieQii^ncbfwhasfsifltbcnk- feltu'at ' a« ckfiroQsto decrititt ctWr$ with a gl^c e£ poxR^ Mill words* «4® T^^ LMirrour The beginnings of their dif- courkiand frierKliliips , they doadorne with a colour of the moft gentle humanity ; and you in tkofe beginnings, arji»y accoH them in the ftme mild beha- uiour ; but whea they after- wards come to their fupcrci- liouspride, you muft encoun- ter them with ihc [^q Ma* But if thy (lender fortune doth enforce thee to bee a para* fitc there, then with a ba&full filcnce and applaafe thou muft fccde their, aiindes fwelling a- bout thurowne, or their Nati- ons greatndTe. And then alfo, but that thou a/ready coozcn'ft fcim,tbinke net, that thou haft bimfaft enough ; but rcmOTT. §€^1.5!"? Mhc^fccdeththcfl wicb with mi§br,y promifes beyond all credk , fo tliou ait tycd to promifc bim greater fcruiccs then cuer thou canft beablc to performe, Tupportin*^ thy lyes with propor- ^ tionable boId| ne/Fe* ♦'* M The %^l The Mirrour The Eighth Chapter. MrNGARY^ POLONIA, MOSCOFlAy and the $ihi.r Northern Jettons* PANNON lA.wht^xht 'ffaires and ftrcngch oftbc Romun Empire were in decli- ning was feized by the Longom hatds dnd HHyines;who beftow* ing thtir name vpon the Pi ^ ujnct, called it Hungary. The bounds of this King- dom c,according to the ftrcngth and puifTance or tbcirMonarchs, haue beene often changed • as fortune hath ejtbcr coniracled thcsiy »f Mindes» a^J tbctti^ or extended the 01 vpoa the ncighbouriiig countries. It IS watered with the riucrs, SauHt^ andlii'f/cMi; fjfer aug- mr need from many fouacaincs, doth runnc thorowit, and at lanrHitAm in his wide channcll doth rccciue the Sauur. The country from Poidnis arid Qermanj extendcrh it fclfe vnto the DacUns and M^fi^ ; but at that £lde, which lyttb toward LI yricum and Dxlmx^ titt. the ji/^^/ doe bound it. ,\ foylc happy in all inci^afes, Ic refto'cs Come in great abun» dance. How rich it \% in pa(^ tuiefields, their Cat te' I which arf (914 about the world, doc fuiliaently declare to other Na- tions. ^^ A bundrcd-thoufind head Qf CattcU, or therc-about* M* art 344 ^^ ^ LZflrrour are ycerely ^ent from tbcnce into Germd'rtj , and lb to the coLiuuies bordering vpon true libei They % re attended, sccordirg t. theirnchcs.withftorcofClienci andthofe exceeding fa>'thrull ii their fejiiice to thcin ; Acd m grcaiercarf arallpoflcfTcs tbcoii then not to rcifske any of thcfc prcrogariues, which they from niany ages haue tngintained in- niolablc. For that rc^fonisthcii valour more con ft ant ia figh- tJng againll the T«%/, who vnder one Law of feiuiti^dc Aot opprcfTe all families, of how great hiocd or emincrxe focuer. Without this, the inclination of their mir.des might, well bee fea- red , that they would chooft Kings from other places then trcxn Gertjiarj, For the ger- ^ammiHun^ariaKr (a thing ordinal y in fonecrea neighbour- h©od)i hood ) arc at grcac cmulatioa be- twixt chemfchrcs. T bdr railing at each other in \ their common difcourfes at home are very crucW; and with great ^ cansfity they arc both baSe ia difcoucring or inucating vices in each other. I The Hdfi^MrUrts are louers of I Hor'fcs, and luue excellent good I ones ; they arc curious iw their armes and attrrc, cue»to delight and pompe. They had rather fight on horfc- baekethenonfoote. They arc moft greedy of ho-' BO-iirs,and hauca great aubition to bee feared by «thcr«. By imitation of the /m- lUn arts and difpofitions, they arc thought to haue learned the yalidH vicc5 , and to pcjp:- tratc their jwicked - reuengrt M 5 wir}» aya The Mnom^ with the fame arts, and the like maliciouGicfle. You would fup- pofe them nioft eafic men toem- biace friendfliipi but whether it be true or falfe none can be bet- ter Judges then they themfelues which enter into thofe friend- ihips;fcriouflyconiidcring whe- ther they haue deferued fb to be beloued : or whether trhst Nati- on foskilfull in taking of advan- tages , dee pretend fiiendflup, the better to perpetuate fomc intended mifchiefe. There is a Magiflrate among them of great note, whom they call the PaUune : he of bimfclfc hath not power to decree any thing, butmayrefiftthc King when hee determines to enaft any publickc matter, which is altogether voyd if the Pa/a. mc gaac his ,voycc againft k\ To him the moll of them gme great hononr,as rothefti:- porter oFthdr liberty, and one oppoTcd 3gainft the Regall pow- er ; no other wife then of old the %omxH Tribunes were ordai- ned as curbers of the Confuls iurifdi('^ion. From hence might you fee that the great and fweU ling fpirits of that Nation, would ncuerbrooke a h2rf},and vnh'mited power ouer ihem t vnlcfTe they be forced (asitap- peares in thofe HungArUn Prov uinces which the Xml^e now poffcffcs^ toanawe ofthefrfo- ueraigne Lords by lb flcrnc a difcipline as doth for cuer rcauc them of any hope of liber- ty. The I /!y riant and B^lmtm /i4«f/,vvhom vve call the fflri^ns aiKj S/^«» them wiibFyringtoexpell the cold; but within tbdr couerts doc nourifh bcafts, whofc skins for doathing afford them forres ©f greateft price and cilGCinauoQ. This double aiUftance hauethe ^Pelartdcrtz^zhd the tyranny of /theic winter. But their woods doyccld phem another benefitjin whichxheie arc at ra^any places a won- If 6 TbfMirroitr v^ondtrfull number of fwaras They are ivilde Bcr^, hiticd, or kepc by the care oP no man ; vpon plaine Okes, or tiUnkcs of other in ts thej bang by cluftcrs; there do chey bu\\d tfeeirhoufes of waxe, and B{ them within with mofr dclici- Gushony, From this alone n the counrrcy exceedingly, and with great cafe, enrichcd.Thieir waxc is nscrchand ife to other counrreys , and o£ the honey they theflifclues doo make a kindc ofdrinkc, which they eflccmc Very delicious. Some prouinces of /*^/*i»^arc too full of riucrs and icmriilics , in fo jnuch as that in Soramer-tiajc theyarefcarce acccfllblc : but in winter, when the wacrs. arc frozen, they haueSieds^ Bf LMinchf, aj7 in which they pafft with fpccd vpon the ice. With thofe there- fore they traueli the country ,& that is thtir time of traiHque wiihforrcineaicrchants, wha coine to buy their vvaxe , thtir furrcs and whitfocuer elfe is oF price and value in fo cold a country. They vvaitt floncs, for the mod part to build them houfcsjthcir waH^ are of tim- ber , and their hoalcsioO'CS coucred with tharch , except only their chiefc Cities , and palaces of Nob'cnicn , which areadornedas curioufl/ as that countrey can pcflibly sfford. But the Poles , vnder a rough clime, hue hard liues» nor arc the difpofitions cf the people coflipoicd to the elegancy of our ^^M 7 he Mprrom* ^ our age; and from tlKnce alit are they of more cmell na- tures. Their Innes to rccciac dangers, are farrc d.frVi entfrom their.an^ nerof oar Cauntreys:they arc broughi: into a roosrc altoge-^ thcr vofurniilied, and com-, mon'y where the will is digged thorovv to affx)rd iighc , and fland open to the vio'eiKe of Tvinde and winter. There are no beds for the guefts to lye vpon J nor tables for them to eat on ; but the walls are full of tackes , where the giefts in order may hang thole burdens, which they haue brought with them; and the ground \% ftro- wed with ftraw, which is en- tended for beds in thofe Innes. Therefore whofocucr doetra- acli thofow that countr ey, do accor- ' accordingly prcuidetbcmfclucs a^ if they rcmooued ihcrr dwelim^s with ihcm \ their DiTat , and other protiifion, ic« ^erhcr v:\i\\ their beds, they C!rry in Waincs viirh them- . tbac bc'ipgcnrcitaned in choic naked Jiires , tV yn.aywiih their owne prouifioi dcfrnJ rhemfdues againft cold and him"* ~ gcr. They are a Nation bornt to crtclty and licenticurncflf, which they cal! liberty j info- much as they c^n {c^xc^ yet bee brought to abroga»^e a Layinfil^ vafpeakable barbarifme, vi^ich for many ages l^.h coatiimcd among them; By that Law it wac appoin- ted , that whofoeuer had kil- led ainan,ihouldbcc abfolucd from all fcarc of nifticc, if hee did J2^o Hhe Mirrmr A\^ throw vpon the carcafle oi the dead man a ccrtaine (umme ofmoncy, which in that Law is iiicntioncd> Nor. would thcyfaj hafclyhaue prized the blood ofi nian,if out ol the cruel! fiercenes ©f their barbarous Gcnius,they had notiudged the murder of tnan a flight offence. They doc alshorre the ver^f ngme^noc oncly of flaucry, but of obedience toaiufl and law- full Scepter. Their King by force of armes is compelled to obferuc theix Country-lawes, The Nobility hauc beflow cd vpon themfelues moft mif- chicuoui^prcrogati»es,by which they way fafcly abufe and hurt each other j becaufc the King hath not power enough to puaifli their offvnces m that kind. kintJ.Thcy arc wtdded f^rangdy to their owae Fancies ; nor doc I they take to themlclues a gr«a^ tcr liccntioufneir?? m manners andviiCiuill codturffitfon , tlien ^ in opinions ot rclin^to^, aad hea* uenly matters ; of w'luh , cuc- ry man withour any fcare will bothihinkc and fpej/ke as him- izik iiftcch : VV^ich proc^cdcch furcly fiom aitaboininabkcott- fidtnce t liey hauc of chemfelHC^, and are alhamcd to leaine tbe b«fl wifedome from anotiier mans dircdion, from Iicncc it is, t>»ar their mindcs at this day arc diuided into fo many fchilmeS)^ haiie among them all the hcrcfic* which polluted former times; ecery- man is eager in praafing of bis own e family, cfpccialjy ifhceiightAvpon ftrangcrj alto- gcthcs" ignorant of bis fortunes. The 3^1 Th§Mifr(^r They are apcr to bcc outra- gious, then dcccitfull to any man, ad ihcmfdues wafyer to bee ruined by fiaud then force. Beyond P'^Und, ^p*f$alye^^ ©uer wWeh rhe Prince of the Molcouitcs doih reigne. The Empire is namedfrom the city Molco I which by reafon of the multitude of inhabitants , aod (car of their Empcrour, is the head of kuf$,^ alfo. k ex- ,, tends in a long and fpacioot ^ tra,l from the Ocean to the Cafpian feajand borders vpott, diucrs fiJcs both with rhe P^ lomans andtbeSwechlaodcrs; vpon other fides, zht Tartars are fheir^neighboars; a Land condcmnr d ro long and piercing cold. Their ground , wirich the •^owcs badhidjis not re ftorcd till SfMitideu %^l fill the Spring bee farre fptnr 5 and then lucctcds a crucll Sum- mer, wlith ftriijir-g ( as it were ) to redeem thclc delayes which the long V .luer had there made, dcth ripen their fruats with a n oH fuddaiuc heat V , bj t not lo kirdti) a:> the titfs in our Counties, ft i$ almoll beyond bclicrc,ihat Me- lons fhouldn pen there, which among vs require not oncly a very hot, but a continued Sum- mer. There are many woods in the ccur.trey, .and in tbc« beafts of mod precious Furres; They hauc ftore alfo ofwaxfl aiidiorcy, whicbarc the chic- le (tmerchandifesoi ihatcOun-* try:Thcre are many inbabitantij but yet not aniwctable to the largenede et the Laad wbicb they pofic^c. They \. f^4 Ti/ (MirNf^ They area Nation borne for fcruitude, fieicevponany fli€VV Of libtrcy , bu^q^ncr, if [tndly kept vndci , >aipjd refiiienor the yoke.Thc)f doe Eeely confcflfc tliefefues ilaiies to thdr Prince, and that both their eft arcs and Hues are at his difpofing ; the Jurkf^'^rc not in a more fordid and bafe fiibicrt ion to the Seep*. tcrortheirC>//(7«^» Eoaprours. They cftecme alfo of all other Nations , according to their ewne Geniirs. Strangers alfa that either by chance or on^ purpofe doe come into Mofco-. Uia, are condemned to the fame yoake, andforced tobee (laHes to that Prince; who if theygoe «way> and bee caught againe they arcpnni/hedas fugitiues* Jhc great men, although them- fduejbceflaues, are very proud ' ^ toward toward thccommonpeoplc;aiid . they very Fearcfull of the great mens fro waes,Thc people are re- ported ro bee fo ignorant oFlear- ning,tbat few among cheia hauc the ordinary prayers of the Church vnto God,by heart.Thcy arc fitter for warre,thcn peace, & for the moft part arc in armes ; ci* thrr to rcpell the inaafions of the Tartars on onc fide : or on the o- ther,ey th«r to inuade or keep off the PoUrtUns : in this a^e they haue becne iiich bufied inciuill warrcsa'nongthemfc'ucs* Thtip battailcs conlift all of ftorf::men ; they vfc no foot for thisrcafon, becaufe they pbce th; modient j of alhhsirdcfignes in celerity.* withgreac fpeede they both af- fauit & fly.\y hen once they begin to fearCjthcy are brought to vttcr defpcratien ; fo that when they ^66 The Mtrrour flye from a battcll, if the ene- my ouertakttheiTijthey arc far re fro making oi the kafi: rcfiftance, end doe fo abfolutely yeild theffi- felucs into the Coqueroiirs hand, that they doe not fo much as beg tbeir Hues. They arc reiniffc ia punifliing of thcft^thoughfenerc* iy they execute robbers. It is a wary Nation, and very cunning in deceiuirg others; nor are they ignorant that Merchants doc in that kind fufpcd them ; whom that they may get to haue the better opinion o^ thcin , in their conimerce oftentimes they feignc themfelucs to bee other countrymen. They arc exceedingly giucn to drinking, and bcfides ihcdr coun- try drinkes, they haue Wines brought them from fprreyi^, Their Their W iucs Hue in great boDciagc, detained ilrk^Iy at borne, worthy alfo of greater tf6ic^ions. They arc ( according to re- portj of fuch incredibly rcriiile dirpo(itions,thaftthcy meafurc thckindnes of their husbands, by the number of the ftripcs they giuc them : and neucr thinkc thcmfcliics fowcll, as when they fall vpon men of fierce dirpofitions.A meanc fel- low of Gertffsriy rrauclled into LMofcouU^ and ( if in fuch a trifling tale you dcfire his name) he \vas called lora^^Mz continued there, and liking the country , married a wife ia it. Whoaa whilft he loued dcarljr and by all kindenelfcs fought to gaine mutuall sffed ion from fccrjfhcwith a faddeieded N a coun« aj58 Tht LMirrour countenance did often figh,|l and cxprcflfc other tokens of a ' foriovvtull ininde. At laft when hee demanded the cauJc of her fadnciie^proftllingthat hechad bcenc wanting in no ojlice of louctoher. Why (qaoth the woman) dos you (o cunningly counterfeit afFa^ion ? doc you thinkc I know not how little you regard me ? and withallfhc began to make great lamentati- on. He amazed at this» began to embrace hcr,and fiill asked her wherein hee had offended, and if perchance hee had done ill, hee would hereafter amend the fault. To this Iiiswifc anfwcredj Where arc tbethafe ftripcsby which thou teftifieft thy loue? Jor husbands among vs by bea- ting their wiuss, doe cxpreffc their I of Mi'/^des, %6^ their louc and caie of them* W hen I or dan Ixai d tbis,2ma2C- mcnt a while (upprcfred his laughter, buc afterward when they both vanifhcd , hee thought it his bcft courfe to vil his wife as fhee bad prefcri- bed ; and not long after, hee tcQke occafion to beatcthe woman : fhec appeaftd with ftripes, began then earneftly to ioue and obferue ber hul- band. But hee could keepe no meafurc , but grew more crucll then his wretched wife ^cCi" red : and at laft with an vnhap# py ftroke( they fay )broke hcv ihighs and her nccke alfo. Germany ^vjhQxt it IS wash- ed by the Ba/ticke fea , bcr- dcrs vpon the CimhrUn Cher/snefuf , aixi through a fmali diftance of fea fur- N J ueys n 27^ the Mir rs fir yA^ys the other mnds, \^^h\ch njake vp t he fame kinp.domc of the Cifr.h)^iAPis. It ii" called at tmdayD€nmArke;£xom thence IS but a fliort cut to Sw^th^ Und i to which on the North MsATor^ayadiofmih. And thefe are the regions, cut of which io great Nations/amed fc>prh forihcirir^ujtiudc a^d vidoiics.ruil^ie.Uikcawhirli'-. Winde otjcraJI Europe. From rhcr.cc ca*Te the eimhUyjs, Ic^tsmt, Gotbs.znA Vandals • byvvhoBiiV^/;,/,,^^^^ 5;^/V^,' and a pai t of i^-r^^^^ were fore afH ided But oflata times thofe Co, lomes that came from thence, were called Normans ( that 15, N9fthren men.) By thefc ^'\^''^^'i^^%\ov^g poflVffed; ami much of frAnce wafted witli of MiffJes, 7yt With fire and fwoid ; bnt there atla{l,afi:crmany dangers, peace was compounded , and they feared in NeHfiria^vjhkhthcy after wards called Normandy, fo that nothing in Europe c- fcapcd their fury ; and being terrible to all, they were com- monly accounted to bee inuin- cibl«. How it (houldcomcta pafe that fo great a multitude, and a fp'ing fas it were) of Nations (hould at this day growdrie, it is viiccrtaine. But fure it is,that now in thofc count rics^towncs are very rare; and they are {o farre from fending Colony es abroadc , that when they hanc warrc,. they arc enforced to vfe for- raine fouldicrs. 1 could beiceue that thofe barbarois Natiofas, frugall in old times in their bar- N 4 raioe *7i thtMirrtMt raincfoiie.aiid ignorant of vi* cej.encreafcd in Children sand bccaufe the vnfruitfuJncffe of the foile dtnyed nourifliment totonumeiousa people thew fi^efltofeekcoutne^vplantan! ges did defircBut now by that •nadwccoFtip/ir^andfurfers they hauc oucrwhclmcd thtir gcmtall flrcngtb, and can beget inliabitants for no more thea their owne count! ies. They ex- GeedetheC7^r«^^ in drunken. nedcWhcn they awake in the morniog they fi] their ftomads vvitha woRderuii hot kindcof dnnke.which by the fire is ex- tra^^ed from Win€ it felfe. When they are thus refreflied, the fumes of that hot liquor afccnding into their heads,doc caufe ofMindts. 575. caufe flecpe ; their reft is bat Jliorr, 2nd thea they rt-turne a- gaine to drinking. Then thty drinkc Wine or Ale, as many a like i% That time that re- mainestili noone,they bcftow in bufintlTe, At laft they mectcat din- ner, which by continued dif- courfcs they make no bones many times 10 prolong till fup- per time ; from thence they arc carried to bed, neytherapc to doe nor recciuc wron »• They breakcno promifcs, when their hands are giucn. There are among them many footefteps oF the Ger» mAtt language , but more of their German xaanncrj and bc- hiiuiour. . Nonif4y is but thinly florcd ■ jvith inhabitants .• their hues 8-5/ they- J 74 T^' M^rrotftr tlieyfpendfbrthc moftpart in hunting; no conntryafFordcth Timber more fit for mads orplankcs for ftiips- It is a rude Nfl tion, aad with moft men in- famous for witchcraft. They by report can felhVlnd.s which thofe that failc from thence doc buy, equalling by a true prodigy,the fable of ^IjpT and Aedus^ They hauc cruell winters^ and very dangerous to thofe that arc not iware of them. A bcnumming aire, with little or 130 feclingjdoth fcize the body ; that before you perifh,you can fcarcc know that.you arc peri* Diing. IFrom this plague, by a me- ajorai)lcextmple, was He deli- ucrcd,whom God bad ordiu* acd to be^MonaJ^ch 9f all ^'^*^• tdine^ Umes^ as then but King of ScotUnd, predericke the fcCOfld King of Denmark^h^^ cfpoulcdvu- to him his daughter ^«»f • but flic failing to SeotUfid^Vi'as of- ten caft backc vpon the coaft of NdrvfAj^ by ihc force of chance, and cuill fpirits that raited vp windes at the com- mand oFa witch; who after- ward fuffcrcd for kcr oflpjnce. The King being young, and a Louer,impacicnt of delay, re* (blued tofailc vnto his Wife, and in mid ft of Winter en- tered that fea {q infamous for Ice.*aftcr hee had long ftruggled with weather and tempefl^, he arriucd in Nnffo^j' And not long after,the fl^ippcthat car» xiedhim , as if it had bceoc fee irpon the land, hard frozen vp with ^if$ Thfi Mirrour^ with ycc rtnaained immeuc-- able. The thing was told to King l4m€s, who had prcfently a de- lire of feeing this jrnufuall fight, por about none of his Mifitaine {liores doth the fea' freeze. There was (the weather being faire ) a hauen not fane . from the Kings lodgings ; he^ went therefore along , the. windesneyther blowing, nor the aire (as it fecmed) very- vio- lently cold ; and beholding a *vhilethe frozen fca,hce retur-- ncdinto his chamber, fiifped- ing nothing of the danger of the Winter. But when hee drew ncere to the fire, one of thofe that flood about him, looking by ; chaccc vpon the King3 (igHt hand; perceiued that^ 9f Minies. 2jj tfcat finger that was next the thurabc,tobec blue, pale, and) bloodicfle ; and knowing the condition of that aire, crycd out IP the King not to come necrc the fire; the ayre,fir (quorhhce) has hurt yoiijand benummed your finger, being in this cafe, the fire with an vn- feafonablc heat will quite vndo ic.Thepla2:iie of this cold muft' bee expelled by another cold. The King wondering at this, denyed at firft that he was hurt at all ; for hec felt no paine : but hee fhortly perceiued,thac bee was welladuifcd* For the &ngcT grew A\& and dead, loung all fence and heate of blood. When hec defired remedy, they told him there was ac hamJ^ *7^ ThMirrom^ hi>nd X certainc cure, which WithaiTioit, though crudi pam€, fliould rcflorc his health, and that hec »ufl indureit,vn* ^fle hec would rather lofchis nnger, which \vas ftricken With that pcftilcnt Winter t then there was fuddainely brought him a veffell fuU of fnow , not melted by the /ire, but thawing foftly by the heate of the Chan^bcr. Into that,the King aduifed by the inhabitants, thruft his finger ; whea on »fuddain€,a cruel! painc cree- ping thorow the ioynts of his lately benumincd finger » ht^ almoft put him out of pa* tience# His painc was that, which »rft taught him how fence was reftored t© the .€rger. By this awancs the King wafr made wholp; and being admoniiLcd of fuch an vnlook'd for mift* ahiefe, bee could afterwards more cafily auoyd ir, or cure it* for not long after, bis right eare,a« hee rid> uas taken with the (ame mzr lady. %* The 2^0 TbeMm^our The ninth Chapter. rrRKESmdlEWMs. THc lurkes , a barbarous . people, borne to the de- ftruc^ion of Cincs, Arts, and Learning, haue profpere care not tc acquire.TheLaw ditJ¥ahomci forbids them to poiUh their rude minds with any hi:mar,ii j^ of Icaming, that To being ignoH rant, they may bediawncwith more cale to the madmflt of that Law which htehachprc^ fcribcd. Their chiefcft care is about their houfhold ittffe, their Hockes and hcards of cattell. Their buildings are (carcc for vfc,much Icffe for ornament,ey* ther yet mindMiof their ^cy^ ?i>irfiroriginalI, and that wande- ring kind of hfe,or elfc becaule they arc but tenants at will>and at 9f Mimdes. apt ac the Princes plcalurc muft itmoOLie jHJt cnei) tbtir dwcl^ ling$,butt^dr counrityrs^ By an iiibitd ?ffcdion they doc vondci-ully adore then Eait |)troiir ; they can him the fha- dovvand image of God. The cruellelt in that Nation^ andthcgcateft haters oFChri- ilians,arcnor thole that arc de-- riuedby a long pedigree from the old Turkiih lace, but thofc that lately haue reuoltcd froin •vs; the othci (they iay^arcof a Bii.der raturc, butfarrc from our di(po/i:ions. There \% no where more fub- tilty in poyfoiiing : and it is fearer credible witl» how much art they doe cxtraA and tem- per ihe ftrengrh orvcnomout things 5 nor doc they dcftroy any man that way , but io a won- O % dcr- S.pi IheMirrour dcrfull fubtilc manner, cuery man in that country alike vici^ . oufly ftudying how togiucor> auoyd death by poyfon, Whci would bclceue it ? they require not a talt nor touch, a little aire corrupting the vitall parts will bring death, and that a quicke one* A Bajhaw lately had bought jthcgouernraent oF t/ilef^o^o^ roa-iC that were gracious m the Court. It h a City not two daies iourneyfrom the Cilie$an fca,enrichcd hy the frequency of mei chants^ and traiJique from the Eift ; from whence mcr- chanciife is brought, partly by the riucr EufhrAtet^ and partly by Iand'Carriages.From whence the Goucrnours get great wealth , and rob the Prouincis AS liccncioufly as they buy the place dear ely* When this man tber€< therefore was fcnt to his goucrn- fiienc, another with grcaief bribes bad corrnpted the feme courtiers,and was appointed to fuccecde the other, who had fcaicc as yet tailed the fwecte- neflfe of his gouernmcot. The Gouernour fpeedily hearing of this ncwes from bis fricnd$,was (as is likely ) fadly ftrucken with it ; hauiog as yet fcarce got any thitig to recompence nis coft in buying the place. Hce theretorc calls a counfcll of his friends, and among thtm com- plaines of the lofle ot his cftatc, and the perfidioufncfl'e of the mercenary Court. He feemcd in doubt, whether heefliould obey the letters which called him b^ckc to CenfiantinofU^ or refill: his fucceflbr by ar- med force ; and (b with a O % new 2^4 ''^^^ MlrrsHT new fumme ol'mov.ty ey tber to obrainc pardc u for his bold- neflc.of tbe C^vfi/tntinpfoUtti conrtitrs. or c'ie not to hnyk r his hoiiOur.snd cflare. Wbilft III thd^ fcgicarion?? hec was' anxious andng'Pg,':^. t^ithhili* kttof his frie? ds cail d bim a- ridc,& b«d^ i i'm to d o nothing rafhly i he rcils him it hc€ refiifc his lucccffo'.^r >it would b<^ ccn- furcrd rebel h or ; thnr in thtir flatc there ^vas rK> crime lo hat- nous, asri'^t ontly rodenv,6ut delay obedience. Takt (layrh hee) a Mcv counfeil ; m« ere \ hy riuall with gifrs;?!?^ left hec (houldiji-ptct thy boun yjcom* , plaine to him that thy fortunes 1 by this vntimely fuccf Hion arc ftlmoft funk, yet thou preferred: noihing before obedience. En- Create fom torcceiucthe Pro* ulnce , of Minies. tg% aincc whigh he is fent vnto,an(J accepc,as a pledge of friedrhip, thofe gifts, which thou in hof- picality bcftowefionhini, and that hce Oiall make cheefuiLKci- eiic rcquicaii for them , if hec giueth.c his letters to C^*- ^antinopUydonx^yiug in them thac thou without dctaydid'ii rcfignc ( according to com- m5ud):hegouerRnicn:, priui- cdgcs,City, and Province, into bis hands; among thy gifts ^qjorhbec) there flitllbeean h3ndkcrchi€fc,which Ihauc^of rare workeaianfhip, but anoin- ted with a moft more all poiibn. If thou bold this ncerc to bis :e, as to fhewouid abhorrc. Yet to rclicue the poore and flrangers, many of them are very forward ; for thefc Oiikes of humane compaiTion, houfcs cucry where are builded, for the ficke or weary to abide in j and maintenance, e/cbcr from thcpablikcchargvt, orpriuatc mens Wills is giuen to them^ nor arc wee.though they thinke vs,andcaliYS dog?, debarred of that humanity and rcliefe. They doe wonderfully reucr rence their parents; and though at any time they beiniuriousto them, y^t the remembrance of life receiucd from thcm,prc- uailesabouetheftiarpen.fTe of rhe iniury. They ta^e much mcatc, 3 00 Thf MirrMr iT)catc,and arc more careFull in adorning their bodies then their mindcs. Forallthofelufts, forwhicB they are infamous, there is Icffc fiult in them then in their fil- thy prophet A^^^hdmetfWho by fcis*Law forbids not fuch cow- cupifceces too much inbred in moitall men, though rcftrained bythelawcs ©F Godandmo* defty :{b did he thinkc to ajlure that military people, but yet (as bccing Eaftcrnc) effaemi- matc in plcafures. So that, by t wretched ignorance of vcr- tuc,thcy arc excrcifed in thcfc vicesjts being allowed to them, Nur is cruelty fciicrcd from their kid, efpccially in their Princ€,who challenges tohim- felfe^afwcll the blo^ , a^ tha weakh of his fubleds. The •/ Mindii. got The ^nrktfli Emperoar pafllog thorOW ConJIdntinepic ro hunt in the acUoy ning ficlds,fp> ed at a Couldicrs doorc a young youi h wantonly glancing hiseftemi- natc eycs.TheJutt ofthe wick- ed Prince was kindled, andhcc commanded the Youth ro beo taken, and carried into his pa- . lace. But the fouldicrthatabu* fed the boy, loue oucrcomming his aUegiance,ventured himfeli^ torcfcuchis Catamite>& vvitht drawn fW'Ord rcHftcd the Prin- ces mini ft ers. But what could ttic doe againft a multitude? The Empcrour that vfed to be bloodily enraged at any difb- bedicnce of hi^ men , yet ccn- fured not fo ill this fouldiers vi- olence of loue; but ga«ie him a farmc in the country as a price fortbcloflfcofhis boy, and com. go 2 IheMirrour manded his fliptnd to be increa^ fedJmoicdiately the Prince bur« ncd « luft with this Catamite, and kept hiai not oncly for hit plca(iire,but ranked him highly inhis friendfiiip. Which when thefouldiers hcard.hecdtfired 2j)uch to fee his once-dcarc louc now in fuchhigh honour.Ther- fore by entreaty and gifts hec preuailcd with the guard at the doorc, that when the Em- pcrour dined in his garden, hec clolcly at their backes might fee him and the y oath together ("for hec was alwaies admitted ro banquet with the Empc- rour. j At the appointed time bee came : the Emperour af- ter that countjy.fafliion fate downc ©a the carpetSj^ and by him the impure G«amit,proud with too great rewards of his i^nchaflity, Tbc^ '" The fouldicrby chance vn- ivarily ftept forth from his rlacc, fo that the Youth fpied niui,whorcincmbririg his old reruice, rannefpecdily to him, md kift hi* hand. The Empe- four, when the Boy returned, ftartingvp, and viewing him with a ft erne front,and furious eye,ask(d hiai whither (falfc as he wai) bee hid torned. Sir (qjoth hce) to my old tnaftcr ; whom I could not chufe bur falute at ieaft. Immediately the Empcrourmad, that hce had a RiualJ, with a fhort fword^ which h^s wore about hiVB^ thmilthc Boy thorovv. But when he faw him fall , hec fell vpon him to the Earth, and with his bccft couering tho wof nd.hcc bewailed his death. The fouldier prefently was com- 3 ©4 71i* Mirrom coa^manded to ^y , as being cfie occafion of fo grcac forrow to his Prince ; but hee breaking thorow the tumalt 9 cfcapcd by the fauour of the guard,and Iur« kcd In conccaleoicnt till the Eai' pcrour was appealed. So that no ryes of friend-fiiip can bee (afe from fuch fell tyrants,who va- lew not onely their owne fafcty, but cuen their pIeafures,aboue, the hues of their fiibic(fls. But the warresin that Na- tion are now but modciarely followed , and not with the i^erccnefie of their forefathers, fincc their Emperours were idle, whofe prcfence heretofore put greater couragic into the fouldi' cr$» Their PrtttoriAn bonds in Cenfiantinopie^ wtom they call Janizaries ^difcontinutd from the CtoTicifeof true warrc,in idlentflc 8Ed and city-delights, arc grownc to a mutinous , but flotbfull boldncflc. Hence the proud fouldicrs beginne to lofe their difciphne, as not fit tocndurc cither labour or felicity. Thcfc were tht: vice^ that made the 'Romans hcrctof^ore HnKc vnder theirownegrcatnefll; and this Eoipire perhaps , the windcs now cealing, which fwclled her failcs , will finke voder her owne weight and vices* But thofe oF them , whfch gOuerne €/£^;/^,€fpeciaily the gariibn zt Grand'CAirff y do with great praileexcrcife the glory oFthcir old warfare ; for, rcmooucd farrefrom Court , the}^ arc ex- crcifed to daily labours, in cur- bing thofe troopcs of robbers » which from the mouotainc- tops vfe to make r odes into the valleycs. But go5 Th^ Mirrottr Bur thcfefoiildiers valiant one- [y againfl a troopc oF flying thef ucs, and ytt\6\r\g cntmits^ I? they fhould fall vpon zhQ llreng.h of o.ir armies, would perhaps ^7^c the fwifcnclTc of their horfcSjiii which they ex- ccll , nor fo much for batrell, ei% for their ownc fafety by fligh:. rbjt vfe of ihebow (the ■ fpce all ftreng hofihe Turl^y^ which was oncc fo formidable >< to the iv3r)d,is.nowieglcdc(j ; Ifuppjfe.becaule ^his art can- not be c ?^iraine wirhoiit much fweatcandbbocir o.^ the body; aid at thud ay , the {ba'dicrs fpoylcd wirh eafe , ai>d difci- pline ceafing , will no" buy v'ft- lour at fo deare a rare. Their bo wcs are Giort, and cannot be bent but by thole that ftte ski!« full; cfMindes. 507 Full ; but I hey diCcbargc tbeir arrowes wkb much more vio- lence then our Ganr.es do their leaden biiikts. Wtia-A loieed ( and coulo Icarcc credit ©iic owne eyes') p'^cc c-f t\tc;c, th'-ce in.hej» thickc, pierced by alirrle arrow. Ai d no lefie ponder was it , that a fhaft wantir«g an iron bead , f^ot from a bowjtborow tbcbodyof an ind'ffvrent tr^e , app-iai ed at botbridcs.Tbisaitwas taught to a mm of great tccount among vs ( vhei he€ was at Confiami^eple ) by an old foul- ditvo^Solymattf ; who confef- fed,thsr skiU by the flotbful- nelVeof his fcUowes was quite loft^and that there were fcarce three in that vaft Earipirc, which were carefull toprcfci-pc mtheeifelucs that fortitude bf tbiir 508 The LMirrour tbdr anceftours , hcefayd, Ac reft had weakc bou c«,ard one- ]y dangerous to ligbr- armed men. If wee wouM make vfc of the benefit ofGod.and their vi- ces, what were more eafy then at this time to wrcft thofc weakby Prouincesout of their barbarous handset heir old fury, which they accounted valour, being naw forgotten ? This do thofe poorc Chrifliaos, who groanc vnder t he yoakc of their barbarous tyranny, cxpe<5lfr6 vs, being a great multimde,but deilitute of armcs and leaders ; this, our temples and rites of religion which they wicked- ly hauc aboliftied ; and laftly, humanity extinguifbed, and countries once richly tilled, now rude and defart , nor euer, vnleffc ynleiTc by oar aide , able to re- gainc their oJdIultrc. But if any bedilcouragcdjtoihinkeof (b many artempcs 9 and io much wealth btrcto Fore vainc'y wa* fttd^whilft Oiir inceftours ftri- UcdcorcdccJDt Syriaypaieftine, and iA^jpt Outof the hands of Ssr^censy and as often with great forces taking expeditions agaioft the Vurks^ ; let him con- (idcr that they were more van- qnillcd by emulation among themlclues, then bytbofc cnc« dies. To let pafle the Grecian Princes who wercalwaics illaf- fedcd toourWefternfoIdiers, how often haue wee by ropro- fitablc barred wafted oar ownc firength ag^inft our (elues ? It were not fit to fhamc this age with late examples,norcu« rioudy to rehearfeold calami** tics. Th jio The Mifromr Iht morraM difftnli'ons of tbc ^rcmh and Eng/ijh in chofc W3I rts, fliall bee aigumtnt c- nough of gi i.fe and caution. %ichard tht ri- Kirgcfl hngi^nd iismawcd Cordc'/toft^ ltd an Arriiy ireo Syrta^ aud hajiug reuciigcd tbc Wiongs which Cjf^uf bad done b.m, hec bad driucn tbe Sotcldan to extreme fbaics, who was ad- ui ling to dcliuer vp ierujalem^ and lo make peace with the ChriOians ; vjbcn Ice, Vhiiif King of France^ futnamed Jh» ^»y?///, rcrnniing himfclfe from hyn^. ill f fR died to King Rich" i^-d^jinaf ch( d with his army in- to *>{ ormandj ^(Normandj was then vndcr tbccrowne of Eng- land)i'^d aitulting bis rowncs. Com. bOfv7eM t>f ^forp, ar:d deli^ -berate ^^ifedotfte. 1 hat they are meB ferftU nhich arc , fUccd hitwixt thofe tw^^ thither thofe mttdes are : heft ^hich arefitteff for let^ ters, or admimffraticxL, of fkhffl^ khjirjfffc^ Delicate >% The A4irrGur ^its are mt foftfrr ccmi, ffHati dfid daily Uheur , 04 thefe of a flm and de^r.c^fed fapactrie, f A S vwfjer tfeofc Climates, Xl^ whjch by rcafen of much cold, 2nd meift ayrc ufc to produce people faire and gray cy'd, yet fome notwithftan- ding, as if neere neighbours to the Sunnc, arcof duskie \ri- iages : and in thofc Regions, ..which being fcorched with the SuKnes violence, fet ablaeke and thicker tin6lure on ths bloods of their inhabitants, thcfaircnedcof romcmen drf- iers from the ufual! tawrinc (Te X)f their Country : So amof^pft humane people fon^^mirdes are rude and rugged., others partake norhingofthcirooun- tm tries barbarifmf. There arc fome gro^Te mindcs inaclcarc ayre, and fomc ckare mindes in an obtafe climate: Nor hatft «ny region the influence of fccfa happy or maiigranc flarrcf , but that fhc may find^ a pattctneof all vices and vir- tues in her inhabit^ts.For Na- ture hatb'^ranted, fccfidcs the Oeniusortheif native Coun-' trey, fomcthing proper toc- ViJry insn : snd by a great aiy- racle, among fo many agci, srid rtaines of people^ hath I found ©ut for tucry man hiss owne lineaments , thac may didinguiHi the hsb^c of his rir^ge and mindc ffcm tha iiicenetleof other m'ndeis sni bodicj* FroiT5' her.ce can no man fooner by contc mpl^ cion finds out the wondtrfvll play Aa 2 of 4 The %^imHr of natercs varied in the mindi and affe^ions of fb man) men : than a painter in his ca. bles can include the formes and fimilitudes of all bodies.^ Yet lee it beelawfnll for us m fur^rcy ? as eminent trees it atbicke Wood, ^t chicfi kinds of dilpofit ions and afFc. 3ion5 , of which men nfe tc| becompofed, and by thesE wholly fwaycd, and notably didinguifiied irom othci in«n* Nor flial! it bee a fuperfliii- ous meditation to rceount, and e:famine fo many di^c. rentrankesofraen; in which everyone naay finds himfelfcj and fee as it were in a fcque- ftrcd mirrour , what himielfc woald eythcr wifli or fearc m bee, Andiince no kind oi difpoiScion dKfpofitionis fo ncare borde- red upon vice, and leaning to le, but by the raines of pru- isnce may be reftrainrd. and ifceptinchc right way : and [!0nc fb neare a kin to vertuf , 3Ut by ill ufagc may bcc cor- rupted; it will be good to coH- |:cmp!ate the affcclicns of fidcnasthcy are attended wi:h good or ill,and fcarch out how "arre they may be hurtful] or ivaileabfe ; left we be raflc^ mraoderarely to pratTe (ome; md too unjuftly to undertra- tte other*. As we recount the difpoB^ iomof men, thofc of a fud« kine and excensporary wic hjllbc oar firft,- thofe, that iiofren asthsy lift to Tpeake, :an in a fudd^inc facetious dif- ;ourfc run through an arga. Aa 3 mcnt* 4f The (JUirro^r went. Thcfe mcn,if chcy warn jttft weight ( as many times itis ) asneythercloqacnt by ftudy? nor wife \r\ counfeUj but thrn cidy Orators or Philofiphers while they talk* may bee valued at fuch a rate as thofe wares which btcing; vaiQC and urekfi^^ of them - r«Iv-s > doe by an adukeuts j varnifh cofcn the beholder. Of them there are two kinds 5 fpmc in priv4i:c and clofe ^iiir Gou f < cxcell witha (bort and* ftingiiTg wit, ev^r intent up-. on the follies of orhcr. The other fort comes nearer to the dignity of eloquence , and whcnfocvsr they pkafc pub*' likely or at home to difcourfe, their wic is like a torrent^and^ their memory dothoppartu- natcly prompt chsm with all things thing*? that they have cither ^ene or rcad# T l)€ bravery of both theie forts is admired not onely by the i^nararit jbu: fometimesby thofc of better learning : whenthcyfee ma- ny jefts and fentencei with great cafe tni fuddainnciTi Sow from fach men, which rhcmiclvcs aor without much^ paints and fiudjr are ^h tt> cxprcffc For whom can we imaging' to come nearer to the iffiage' of induftry and ekga(>cef than thofe ioidaine wir- ted Evenne ( to begirmc with them I ) What is more elcgmt than to finde a pretty fcntcnce for every ar- gument f What more court - ly than to anfwer all that is &ne or fpokcn cither with Aa 4 a $ Tbf %J^irrour a faddaine jsft^ or fiach a Wtfe*^ dome as being cade and at hand|i$ phafing for che quick* neffe ofit } It this graceful* ne^ bee joyncd with a faira pcrfonage, and a fecure ('though not immoderate } boldnefle, it will bepraedomi- xiantin all focieties 9 and bee pleafing even to thofe men which are hie by the jcfls ; nay the noy fe ofit will drowa Che true and exa^ wifedome of ablcfl flow men, But this if\k\ty in /peaking rs trou- . h\ d with its proper difcafes*. Tike them fiom priuate com- ps^ny, from fuddaine and brc* kwn (entcnccr, frombandving of wir, to an argument of losi*; ger difcourfe: then o« of doubt thou flialc contcmne the barrcn$^ff; of their empty mindes: mindes, noc being furniflicd for tree andlafting wifcdome* Nayifthofcvery concifc fay- ingsand fine fiifhes , which thou admireft in tkem , were written dowac; that they doe not oncly come forth by fits and vanifli againe, but be cxr^ mined by judgement ; hovy idle and foolilh would thofc things fcefne, which by a vaine pi a^iudiccj and grace of ccbriry did before dec^iv^us? Therefore in chofe men there is no deepeard lading riuer of wic, buc faddainc flouds ofNsiturej for as fmall wa- ters fromhighfpringfyftraigh- tened in their pJ^age, doc fall with the greater noyfc downc ! fo thtfc fpatkes of wifedome , - which would pfvfemly expire, uakffcthey A a J were ware caught, doe flyc with a more rigorous noyfc out of the cuftody of thefc narroyv JBlndes, which arc onfly hap- py in fuch aiiind of abortive ^'ifdoiuf. But the other fort , which arc copious in longer elo* ^uence, and fitted continu- aiiy with anunexhayfted ftore of wofdsand fcntcnccs , are i^amous men aniong the peo- ple, when they arc heard in |>ub]ikea(rembli€J^^Church'^s^, or pleading. They are pka^: iing alfb in private fociety^^ •if they bee able to bee fome-, times filcnt. Butasall]lving^: creatures by a fecret inftiga«, tionlouetob^doingot thatz ihing,in which they arc mofl able ; fo thcfe men cfpecfally ddightedio ?hcir-owne clo- qjenc^j of (jnffjdj, 1 1 qaence, wherein they txcAU can hardly c6caine chcmfclves wirhinamcane when alloc. cafions of difcourfrs are : chat yoa may iul^ly wonder j that fijchab.'urd mcnfiiouldi'pcak f3Wel!« VVhen chsir tedious difcourfe is donr -> and they fee thof^ men whom their* difcoarre hath v.'czxytd^ to lookc c'leerfully, they doe noc confidrr that the other are oncly glad to bee difmi(Tle and Rulers^ and ik; G^- J 6 TheLM$rr»ur wins of Princes ; and laftly contend wich no man in his ewncArt* Nor is it unpka- fing m the mix'ng of dif- cowrfe, to fall upon thofe thirds which arc ftrange and ankn®wne to the feciety ^ c- fpccially finceneiv things arc pleafing:, and we conceive n- ftally a higher ^ and ojcre re- verend opinion of that wh \c\\ we doc not know* Thefc O- ratours are m haft danger when they converfc wifh mtn of a low and narrow djrpo(i- tion, who rtvfrence every thing as facred and miracu- I0US9 which a bold eicquence puts upon ti»tra. Therefore they alwayes take thofe parts which, according ro the condi- tions of the hearers , they ihinke moft ddv^ntpgious to thdr their faae* Which is there- fore eaf!e to thcoEi , bsca^jfs their difFjfed wits are capaMe of iome inClra6lions in all arcs. and fcisncss. Nature, & licclc ufe eaabling them t3 fpeake not iwpropsrl/ in all things ; chough they cannot bee fa jcd ta be« learned \n theai, btit o eni' eloqaenca theftrengch of judgmrncisfeldomc ioyncdi which ntufl conrinu: the ftile gracefall to po'lerity* For their prompt, and ai^rjoft tur- bulent mind ) when ifi that leyfare , whicH 15 giuen to Wri- Write rsj ic revolvetli It fclfe 9 as overladen with the tnultt- tude of fancies that meet) and coBfqfcdlyoppceffcd with its ©wne wealth 9 can ncyther write all which it doth invent, nor iBdicioufl/ elc£t the befl. Laftly,the way of writing is fa different from that of fpcaking, and requiring other kind of Nerves, thateuenhe? who by a ftrong eloqjefK;e Gould freely tun ovcr^hat he lift J in writing' doth maKc tut vaine Qroakes j and fuch 23 men in ifaci ; dreamcs at- tempt. Yet blinded and co;- wpted wi.h their owne and ochers flattery, they doe ma- ny tiroes, by an itch of wri- ting, dc(!roy that faafie which diey had gotten by eloquence. They Qiould doc better for theaa- thtmfclves , by farrctokccpc the world in along cxpt- Sati- oaef their writing ,• than to pubiiflb bcokcsto the hazard' of their lame* By th«ft cautbn5j that iVdy and fpreading mindc ^ i»ay €oncealc hisowne wcak- ncffc £om the peoples eyes > and rife in an opinion of wife- dome, whether hee bee able to govsrnc Wmfclf: ( which you (hall not often fee j or wiiUdmkcounfell, and bee qu ecac the pcrfvvafion of hiV friends; aschofe^thac are but halfc drunke doc yet know that they arc not fober j nor will they with too ftubbornc and obriiftate aconfidencc re- fufethe admonitions of their fric-nd«. Con* z 6 7he Mirnur Contrary to rhefe men i? a- tiother forr, wh d fee -n e auhs firtl ihow as farre from tbac vcrtttc which is true-y ia then, as thafe eloqamt men doc fiDm the imp^rfe^ionsi to which they are bcrte. Thefc men when th^re is oc- casion to fpeake fuddai'^ely, havxafpeech tardy an J hard to come otf. They doe often flicke, and are fquiibei wi-h ie^sand rajms, which 'ike Iktle darrs , are in daily dif- courfethrnvne agaiii t then b>' :h ?leidddaine aii niuble witt-id mer. N^r doc their words OFvelv C3me {l3Wly of; bat when hetropiii')n isre- qi;irei , ^ hey are :o feeke, and doe iiocf iadiincly fi^id what to c^e e^'frine. B*k when their iciaiJ is recohcftcd. and redu- ced c« T(39 UUirrD&r vertuetothe rude mindeso! the ignorant people, civil: Philolophy by that meangg had her originall ; when they contended againft each othoi to pcrftvade the people to this crthatad:ion^ eloquc^nce had then her beginning. lalH/, whatdoth hiftory, but leave the Prudence and fubtil- ties of thofe ancients to our now learned men,as theirfuc* ceflbrs^if theybe men of acl^i- on 5 but if they be of mindes oinfitfor bufinefTe, then as to a-egiftersonely, and enrollers' of the ancient vertue. For to i reade hiftory onely for con*! j;emplation,is a vaiiie and idle pleafure, wliichpaffeth away without fruit : but to imitate the verUie of thofe praifed men, is the true and.publike; learning* £ I will not den}^ but that is indeed a inofl abfolute ac- coinpli{h'd Soule , which is framed both for the Com- monwealth and Leai'ning too. For then thefe tv/o en- dowments doe by their mu* tuall ayde, advance €ach other to the skye. His high and a^ive policy doth governe his learning, that it grow not light, nor bafe: his learning a- gaine doth arme that poli- cy, that it ihould notonely truft to experience and know- ledge of his owne times, but makeufeof the skill and la* hours of antiquity. ^Butif any man, as fbme- timcs it happens, fit for pub- like employment , and to ayde his Counti'ey, have no felicity at allin learning, hee 3b 4 is ■ 3 i The C^Jrronr 5s notwithftanding to bee c fteemed of a higher oi^er andt elegance, than hee, which i% onely capable of quiet lear- ning, and Schoole fubtilties, unfit altogether for civill dif- cipline, which is moft ufeFull. Infonmch,^ as FAvorinm may bee thought,, rather Philofo- phically than ieftingl/,to have meafured the knowledge of Ad r I a n by the greatneffe of his power- The Emperour . %Adria7Ls v^2is ambitious of $he fame of learning, and Highted by chance upon the Pliiir>roph^* Pavonnnsn Hce being provoked la argument by the Emperour , anfwered foaringly, and asifheeyeel- ced, that the Emperor might freely try^umph. His friends blamed him for yeeldi ng fo foonej fooiie ; but hee reply ed, that they were deceived ; for why ( quoth fhee ) fliould not I thinke him the moll learned, which hath twenty Legions ? The Philolbpher fpake not this without good groud: for to gov^erne difcreetly fo ma- ny Legions, was a point of higher fcience, than to findo- out any thing m the Schooles by the ftrongefl and moll ex- ercifed head in Contempla- tion: But the fplendour of wit , as of all things elfc, is often fpoyledb^ too great a confi- dence of it felfe. For manj confcious to their owne weaknefTe, doe endeavour by labour to obtaine that, which nature had deayed to them , 5indbydayly diligence doe fo fib J ^iQuId 54 TheMirruHr mould and frame their minds,' tiiatatlaflthey excell thofe, which were borne happily to great matters ; but confi- dering too much the ftrength of their' owne mindes, have abftained from labour, as a thing not necef- laiyto them, but altogether fuperfluous. There is alfo a great difference even be- wixtthofe, who by indu- -ftry endevour to perfed their wits. Forfome of them, what- foever theypurpofe as their lludy and labour, are bufied onely in the maine and higheft points of it 5 but doe not fo much as let their thoughts defcend to the lower and leffe neccflary points. Others a^e ov^taken with a con* offijlfkds^. 3 5 ti'ary errour, v;ho fearing to leave aay thiag behinde them untiyed and undilcove- red, doe'ib fmflly fcarch into the lead things , aad ai'eio defirous perredly to- icaane vvhacibever they karne, that they cannot: make any great Progrefie in their enreaded Studies, nor ever ari^ve at the true and liberall knowledge oF that' thing, whofe every part they have fo fiiperiliti' oufly deltt-ed^ to diico-; ver»- Befides, all wits have not" the fame ftrength oFpiitience to endure continiiall la- bour. For the more fub-. till and' apprehenfive that the rnind^ 155 io the moi-e cafilx ^6 TheCMlfrcHf cafilyit peiietratech into any learni.ig;biit is dulled the (bo- ner eyther hy greataeffe or contiaiunce of labour. For fuchmiiides ace not kept in thickecoaflitutiois, butfucb as are open, aid fit to recei'/e aeriall draughts, aad pervious for the pafTage oFaiiimall and vitall fpirits ; who as more fubtillytheycaa difplay their ^arpeaefTe, fo by their thiri- neffe they vaaifh, a id are on- ly repayred by idlenefTe and xecreationo And of fuch Knea not onely the labour, but even the recreation is preci- ous, as filling their difcharged inindes with a new ftrength, and for the moft p^t ftoring iheir loofe and wandering fancies with high , and feri- ous cogitations. As the feli- city ofMhdsl 37 City oP rich Fields, when they lye untilled , doth fo*netime of it owiie accord plentifully aid wantoaly produce fuch Plaits , as are not inferiour to the beft Gar- den Fiiits : So thought Cos- mo DB Med 1 c I s, a fuffici- etit Author of Pruieace, the Fouider of that floudflhrig T«f «-» Moiarchie. Hee had takei his reft quietly, and without care as it Teemed , till it was late day ; when one of his friends comming in h^ chance, found him as yet betweene deeping and wa- king An i where (quoth he) is that Cosmo, to whonii wee, as toanARGvs, have committed our Cominoi- wealth ? Hee Joes not ufc his e}^es fo much as in the day time« 5^ Ths LMfrro^r ti::nQ, I hav^e already difpat- chedallmy budmene both a^ broad aad at home. Cof" mo replyes y Dueft rlioii thinke that in diligence thou haft outgone inae , vvhofe very reil is more adlive and profitable than thy la- bours ? Yet fome norwithftan- ding are exempted from this fate ; and, though men of great capacity, can endure continual! labour i few they are, and beflovv ed by Nature as her dearcil: guifts upon the publike affaires, who can exercife their deepe and pier"* cing witS'in lafting diligence,' able to under goe perpetual! employment , and not coH"* founded with the different face »f bufmeffe ; fo thatthe3? &emc £cem£ to bee borne as a re* leiFe to h^imane imbe-^ ciliity, and a prefer- ' vation of Coin- mon-wealths. TllC ^O TbCi^irreHr The eleventh Chapter. Of valiant tfi4in&es , rajh ^ feayfaB^^ froi*d^ fordid ; cUfe 4tnd feferved, of en and free ; efineenjlant mindes follow* iniaH things hotly » bnt net hug. Mindes' undaunted in dangers, and confident in themfelves, aie as eminent among the comnon fori, and exalted above others, at as grcatadiftance, as Beds in Cjaidens, or hillocks in p laine Fields. But that di^'pofitiori is at equall diftance feated be* twixt the confines- of good audill; aad of it felfe afFoiv " deth of tM'^ndsl ^ ^ deth nothiag to thofe,whotn it poireHes, bat afroward heat, to make them excellent in what ever they follow » vertLie, or vice* For thofe men on both fides, by true va* lour, Or ra/hnefle, ( two afFe- d:ioasofkiii, though much different) are ftirred up to- thepiu'iuit of vice orvertue» Railiiiefle hath almoft the fame appearance and counte- nance that valour hath, and doth oftentimes fo farre de*» Ceive, that thofe, which make themfelves the judges o? great mens aflions , dos (which you would thinke unjufl ) measure them almoft bniely by the event. How many Souldiers of the bafeft raake, becaufe they have fui- yived the dangers they un- derwent^ 41 . The MirrQtif dervvent, have attained t!Fie fame of wai'like knowledge j. and that dignity which ac- crews to it ? Others have bcene aecufedof dotage^ be* Caufe upon the fanie projedls,. and in the fame dangers they have beene ruined . T {^ertus • Gracchus by the love of the people and his owne power, was ambitious to bee a Law- maker, & by a combination of the Nobilitie was put to death; the like deftiny his Brother Cajns tafted; they thercfore^fay fome^were men of unadvifed raiKneffe. Cajns Cdfat by popularity and boun- ty winning the people , at- tained to the Sovcraigne dig- nity ; hee therefore was ac- counted a valiant and wife man'. man. Kiag A g i s ccmtea- ding againftchcJSp^oW, was? Wrangled at Spartti with a bafe halter. Cleomenes boldly by the deaths of the Epheri^ did eflablifh theroy- all dignity. What fliall wee ceiifure of bath their afliois > Chance, or vertue ^ But thi^ inaaauc is an e/peciallone- Alexander thcGreat, having quieted ft/ if they do not exailly perfefl it, yet fomewhat and that plealing^out of their own (7^- w/f^,they will beftow upon it; efpecially fmce what they do, is not wrought with anxious labour SS The Mirreur labour, hut excels in tRe grace of facility; as if brought hy natures owne accord to its proper decoruw^ And if in Learning they write any thing, they offend not the Reader with an opinion of too much paines ; for the rea- ders doe almoft feeme to par- take of the labour with thofe Authors, who are knowne not without much watching; and trouble, to force in their fentences and words- Contrary to thefe difpofi- tions, which are not at all dif- guifedjbu t alwayes(unieire it very much availe them tocon- ceale ) by an ingenuous con- felnon betray their adions, are thofe natures, which by a ponderous fecrecy, like to wifedome, doe hide their in- tentions pfMinJsl €^ kntioasand defires. Tothefc men many without further tryali doe allow the name oF vertue and induftry . For it is a great fhew of wifedometo fpeakefparinglv^, and byprse- fcript ; to bend the brow at every mention of vice; and toafliontor in/ure no man, atleaft openly or offet ma- lice. And lallly, what can come nearer to the image of an ample Soule, than to leeme hy a docot a ad continuall commerce to talke with wif^ dome ? For fo would you thinke thole men compofed, which are ^l^Qri to the fore- named "quiet and foli'tiidc. But this flow and g:ave tranqui- litiehas many hirking holes, into which it receives wic^s alfo , whofe very names hee ca^mot cannot heare publikely with- cut the fignes oF fhame aad hoiioui (for they have ten- der fort head Sj and notrefer- ved like their inindes.) That filent and impiifoned Army of cogitations cannot alwayes be intent on the ftudies of in- duftiy and true vertiie. For as the heats and defaes of all men decline from labour to the fwcetncfTc of pkafiire , lo efpecially theii es doe, as be- ing of a more foft and effemi- nate nature. Hence comes it that this often and idle foli- tude reprefents unto their mindes all manner of plea- fures and of vices : in which filthy contempiation they therefore more iecui cly i eft , becaufe there ihey car. f ceiy be confcious onel} to tliem- fclves i felves, and openly, with pie- ty, not very laborious, yet e- noughto gaine the ciedulity of others, adore vertiie. But yet doe not thinke that they are aiwayes intent in the /pe- culation eyther of wiiedome or vices i for, for the moft part, thofeflow mindesdoe therefore ft icke, becaufethey £nde not fit matter of dil- courfe ; and m the mcane time by their countenances, their filencc, or ( ifthou wilt) weightinefi'e ( which as the graveftofmen, fothedullefi: of Cattelldoeexprefil) they gaine the eftimatioii of inte- grity aid indudry. There is another kind of dif- pofition which containes in it ' almoft al thcfc how diffcret fo ever ji The ^JHirr^Hr crer, with a wondei full, bat ^not laudable vaiiety. Yox. a brave dirpofition it were, if nature had allowed it a bridle as well as fpuires. And that is of men that run into the ex- treames of whatfoever their affedions leade them to. If they would bee Religious, prefently as if it were not Jawfull to interpofe any re- creations among thole ho- ly duties, they put ©n a mor- tified face, brooking no re- xniiTion, and a boke of fuch holinefle as cannot laft. They are proud Cenfurers of other mens lives, and meafureall mens honeily, by their owne fuddaine feverity. Then they ihake ofFtheplcafureof their old friendiliips , and caiviot ' brooke innocent mirth , which .wWch wife men mingle with their cai:es,as an helpe eyther to forget them or overcome them. Anone , when the ftrength of their mindes is broken by too much iotenti- ipn, when they begin to bee w^eary of this rigid piet}'^^ which they fo unadvifedly followed i not by degrees,and ordina y turning tides ( as it were, ) but like a toi rent tur- ning backe, they lun againc to their fo mer ecu: fe of ry- ot. Then they let themfelves loo.e to plea'u' es as immode- rately ,as befo'e they had for- faken the foolifhly; then they hate the very name oF ftvei i- ty,and with all manner of /eftsv fcofFeat theProfeflbis.of that rigid piety,which themfelves haue lately left. While theyr D d are 74 7hg ttMirrmr are thus bufied ; behold, reli , gion comes upon them a gaine, and with a fad repen- tance drives away that wan- tonneflfe, j untill they begin d gaine to repent thehifelves o that repentance.Nor are thefi frequent and immoderat( changes on ely m their religi on ; but in all things elf^ they errc with the fame heat. From moft entire k)v.e thc) are carry ed ( as it were with s whirlewind ) into extremi- ty of hatred; fometimes im. moderate in labour : fome- times nerve-Ieffe in (loth ; foi in their loves or lufts , and whatibever elfe can ftirre up cotrary motions in the mind^ of men* Nor can they go-i vcrne their fpeech and fi- lence ; if they be taken with a heat •f Minds. 7J heat oFfpeaking whaf copany foever tWy come into, them- lelvcs have all the talke> and are onely heard 5 By and by when that mirth forfakes th^, Avhich made their minds Itfd- ' verflow with talke, they fit in a iad rilence,and as if coUeded into a dilcourfe within them- *felve5 ; To fixe their eyes, that :they£carce know thofe^thac are prefent, nor heare when they are asked queftions ; an "«quall ofl^nce on borh fides to ihcl'weetnefle of humane fo- fciet}', where to ipeake oppor- =tunely,& to be filent onely by turnesjis allowed by maners* But thecaufe offo great an .■ciroar in thofe men, is an ihward kinde of fweetneflej •ty whit: hi they fiiffcr them- felvcs wholly to bee Iwaycd ; Dd2 'and j4 The M^rrour andasthatgtiides them, they avoyd.or follow. TJaat naoti^ j<)n^ )iip6n what matter foev:er ^^t c^i,y thcxriy hdw ifuib foe- ^^ft' oCfcaLnes md labourji- yrc ,pi;ifehts it firit to their biihds in a aK>j8:.pieafirig fliape';' and pvcrcomming:' their mindes with a fweet and pieailng vio- JerKe,carrie:Sthem awajL, and forces them, to beteeve itlitt aU things, fetwhen that Ihow is vanifhed, and that mutable and fugitiv^e fweet^ neffe is turned another wstyj they ftratght. follow it;. For tbey ar^e notondy iiiipatiertt of labour , but of pleafee 'it felfe^asfoone as that inWard fettering temptation is gone. But this is a figne of a weake .and. impotent judgment -: A j(ni;de foiixiedfor vertues^biit :- tis '*tis Oiiely for the beglnni'igs orvertueTTriQt ftabfe ey'tner" in f?ich,or.fiieadOiip ; fcaic^ e- verv where fo mlike to it felffe.th2t it is.difta-a-AiHvk c;£^ neither command it (ietfe, ftofdeiiy aoy thiigaJSiit it is a fad fate^nd iM for the people, when mea of this unhappy diipofition , exempted frcm thelflwes qffeareormodc zinc, borii6£oi ^3a96i:ai:§£te^ l>d3 The 7^ Tb0 tJftirroi^' The twelfth Chapter. fh/e A^eEttous are tehfc^ Tfd, dfid femcttmes ebdmged hyBermne, d»d diver fitid of €9r.^iti§ns e^flife. BVt in reckoning up all the afFe(:i:ions of Mankind e, it were againfl; reafon and hu- manity to forget Lovcj which rti%nm^ in allbreafts ( except they bee altogether bai-ba- rous) claimeth notvvithftan- cEng a more neare iurifdidion overfome, and filleth them more with his cares. Loveis afweetand reftlelTe defireto be liked by them, who eyther by chance , or by their ow ne vcrtue. \yen\iCy or by our err our are ! liked by us ;, and fo creepes upon us from thofe ambufhes^, as it were , that wee fooner perceive our felves to bee in love, than we thinke upon the way of loving. It were I not hard in the beginning Itoiliake off this load, if it did not by degrees and fw^eetly aflault, fo enfnaring thofe whom it catches, efpecially unexperienced men , thac they luppofe it were inhu- mane, barbarous, and incon- venient to themfelves to jQiakeoffby a rough ftvcrity the fweetnes of this flattering mifchief. But there is nothing more excellent among men , than this affedion, ii: it bee. rightly governed. For it lets acertain curious glofle upo all D d 4 vertues,. vertues, and fometimes excir- fes even vice it felfe. Vn- jiiftly doe fevere men accir^ Love, and paiat him in a loo^e -and feeble figiv/e : when^ thereis ncthing mo e fiice 0 amongft Mankinde, p 6vide.J that hee burnc i 1 jUt lixiiits, aid. t hofe t ai fed b/ vertU' v and fire n^^ with an uolawfulf frame .vheie he is forbidden- Nor is this fvveet defire ftir- red up onely in young men, and in men of middle age ; but boyes alfo in their harmelefle yeares, that you may know that this flame is rather borne in worthy breafts,. than lights by chance upon them. . And becaufe boyes and youths are lefle able to governe them- felves, and moderate their , cares^ although fnperfluous :'• there- dfiJMuids^ 81 tberefoFC love in them breeds a. greater aud more anxious care. And from hence their minds are raifed to atchieve- meats that are high, anda- bove their age ; .asdf by that experiment they would proove to themfclves, thait they are worthy to bee belo- ved. A young youth that went toSchoole, was by his care^ full Schoolemafters often ad- m^nifhed to learne his book; but thebooke was hatefull to hiiii, that loved play a-id li- ' berty.x\ noble Lady by chance lEame to that Tovvne , where Jie lived , with two of her* daughters that were Virgiiifi; and becau'e there was ac- quaintance betweeaethe two families, 'this youth was •'brought by way of vilitation Dd 5 to %2 The MirroHr to the Ladies lodging. Heei beganimmediately toadmire > oneofthe young Gen tie wo^. men, then to hold diicdurfe with her, andinconclu{ion,e- ven the fame day , to fall ex^ treamely m love with hcr*;^ -Then firft his 'iimple and free minde began to be entliralled with cares. The next day he goes again to the place,where he received his imfelt wound, and by prolonged difcourfes, fo fed his malady , that hee grew worfe and worfe. For on the third day the Ladij with ail her company ^oing out of Towne, left this youth fcarce alivingSoule. And he> ipoore wretch(robbed even or that eafe ) was forced to con- ceale his flame for feare of being chid by his Father, or iiiocked mock^Aby his fellowes. After long confultation withia himielfe, he judged no coiirfe better for him , than wholly to apply hiinlelfe to his booke ; for fo he thought he might gaine his^ Father, .and in recompence of io great a diligence in ftiidy obtaiue from him a time of recreati-? on. And as a reward of his labour, hehadrefolvedtogec kave of his Father, to goeto a fair e City not farre from thence; and that was it in which the Mayd dwelt. His Schoolemaftersand fellowes began to admire his excee- ding diligence j and often de- mand from whence fo great a change of mind £hould pro* -cced, and love to learning in -that youth, who not long be< fore- 84 ThtiMirroHr fore difdained the very name of it. For in the morning he would rife to his booke be-- fore his fellowes, and was of-^- t^n bid, before he would goe. to play. The heat qf his lovey. which caufed^ this diligence, did make both his labour fo eafie to him, and the Mufes fo fweet, that, before he was aware, he was taken with a love of them. Afterward (as in that age it often happens ) when long.abfence had made him Forget the young Gentle- woman and his hot love, an eager dedre of learning did ftillremaine in him. Aid he following the liberall ftudy,. •came to fo high a proficiency in learning, that all the Mu- fes are much indebted to But ofMindu %% But Love a fhibborne ma- lady,a lij n^t to be cured with that tacitity , that Other affe- rtions are, unleffe it be ftran- gled ia the firft motion, is hardly removedby any fliean^ butle-igth of time ; that fo wearied it may expiie* For w4iile he ism his courfe, hee findes Ibmewhat alwayes to encreafe, and advance the power he holds. For if th^ Lover through all his griefes and melanchoUy thoughts have but arrived at fomefuc- c^ffe ; he would thinke him- felfe too cruell to him^lfe, to banilh utterly fo fweet a delight from him. But if a more cruell fortune doe cither too long; differ his hopes, or altogether take them away; then alfo his giiefe ^tzf^% twin $S The tJMirrour himy and the minde pitty- ing it felfe, and with fighs re- volving the eaufe of his cala- tnity, melts in the pleafure of fo delicate a fadnetfe. But that 'Love which is hid , is moft lafting ; eyther where both the parties arc fccretly agreed; the very fweetneflV of the fecrecy doth then pleafe them ; or where the Love is not mutuall , and one onelyfu&rs, who with fe- crecy endures his wound. Nor doth the violence of this af- fedion grow onely faetweenc the different fexes ; for S o- c RATES loved Alcibia- DEs,andLYcuRGus thought it no ill difcipline to ordainc that every youth fliould have his Lover. The chaftity of nature leac^i^*^ men to juft and and brave Laves, Jookes not* at all at diajt difference j and yoiilhall fee many of the moft honeftmen.tormented with a care ( or to call it rightly) a love of foine young men* And this love, is a certaine . tye of, benevolence , more hot and violent than to bee called friendfliip. We have then a perperualL deHre of inftru- dring them;- continiiall wi- iliesfor their fafety ^nd Glo- ry ; feare for the fucceflc of whatfoever they doe ; and thinkcalwayes that f(»tune, how lavifh ibever ilie bee in her favours towards them, -doth not recompence their ^eferts* That alfo is a fierce and reftleffe defire, which drives for unchaftecnds to win a beauty of the different fexe fexe. Butyerthinkenotbat that examples of m oft pure chaftity may continue be- tweene different (txQs 5 al- though the thing fo full of danger, doe ©fftentimes ^^- ctiy^ them ; and theythem- felves by little and littk (ere they bee aware ^ or againft their wils ) doe loue other- wife the they eyther thought cr^vifn'dtodoe. But the minde of that man^ whom Nature moulded for a lover,is milde , exprclTing in the very countenance mode- ft)',and fimpJe vcrtue ; of a great but mercifull fpirit - not hard to be entreated tofpai-e fupplyants and contemn e re- venge ; exceedmg penitent when he himfelfe ofen ds ; a gieat lover of oiJices of hu- maaity,.. manity>impatient oFidlenefle' aiidalloccaiionsoffloth, ixa-^ lefTeForgettiag^ the great be- nefits which he hath received- from Naturej^ he coriopc the^ fcliciti^ o: his difpofttioa with lafcivious wantoning,- a id fo-idienefll'. It were a vaiie thi ig to defL e to ru.i over the whole variety of nature in hiiiiiaie difpofitions 5 thofe whicft' weehaue heere let downe^ are as the chiefe Springs^ from whence rivolets flow eyther to vice or vertue ; that ' by the knowledge of them you may undei-ftand what men may be governed ; who are fit for frieadiliip and fo- ciety, who are to bee feared, and who for their floth Or le* vity not to be regarded* For honefly f d The MlrtfHr honefty & knavery, difpofiti- onsoftrue or adulterate wife- dome,free and narrow minds, and vvhatibever is eminent in publike and private aftaires,is By this fortune of aiFe'flions dlftributed to Mankind. From this contemplation of mindes vertues and vices fhall juftly be rewarded: for unlefTe we curioufly looke into thele fe- crecies of nature, a turbulent difpoiirion will often make it felfe appeare a valiant and vi- gorous Ipirit : a dull or vaine minde will challenge the efti- mation due to gravity or true eloquence : and on the other fide,vertue will lye unknown, & at the firft fight by the opi- nion or ihew of fome vice, be unjuftly depreffed below that honor which is due to it. But But a difpofition, whichis ■much referved aad hid^caaaot Jbedifcovcrel without a loig . and pru Jent fetrch.ThereTcMre thole,whobythefirfl appea- rance, ceafure the maaners & difpdfxtions of men,do cataa- glexhemfelves in moft fearful qrrors.For certainly, as in the ^rt of feeing nothing h more dangerous than to fight with him that is fquint-ey'd (for you can fcarce conjeflure at what place he aimes his ftiokc his eyes feeming to turne the contrary way:)lb he that will deale vviththofe msn^who ci- ther by art , or the benefit of countenance ca hide their diC- pofitions,muft long & ftridly deliberate within hifelfewhat opinio to holdofthe;leftif he efteem too cruelly or favorably me the rafhieffe of his opi- nion* The fzce el'peciaiiyii doth oFrea deceive imexperi- eaced men- > . -^ . \ .? How many of a fierce atti^ : formidable countenance have beene mjuftlf avoydtc^ as e-^ nemie,s to humanity, whom as foore ^s tver choj copeft u iihal!, the lenity andfweet^ ncvo. of their coriveriatio^^ will fmiie thy Opimon quite contiary ? Others by the garbe of tiieir perfons, and curiofity of gait thou wouldft imagine to bee compoled of pYide ; who notwithftartding eythcrby natuie or innocent cuftome have beene brought to it; and under this difguife retaine a difpofttion moft milde, gentle, andOiaped-to ill . ,9fM'tndu f^ jifl the lawes of bumaiity. There are thofe on the con- trary, in whom, befidrs aj^er- fon adulterately formed to ■the flbow of veitiie ^ ■ thou utanMndeisiothingt® be Be- hoved- Sometimes a<:ouiTte- na nee betokening quiet kni- «ty doth hide a wrathftilL and •^nagicke di'poifirion ; -fbme- i^tiiaes v-igoioHS -tycs have '^ Soul c quite contrary ; Ml of • r '.hi-x)-! This great and t ouble- fome knowledge of miades '^nnot altogether be defined ■by prjEcept, nor otherwise ac- -«ttiredjthan byriie long expe- irience of that mart, wfc baA impri^ «^4 Thety^iYY^ur improoved himfelfe in 'this art , not oirdy by his pru- dence, but his frequent er^ Tom's* i.ui; r:r.r But efpecially takfe hdad that by one vertueorviceyou ^oe not in generall cenfure the whole minde and di/pofi* tionofa man. For many arc borne with fo happy a to- wardlinefle to one kinde of discipline, that as long as they are converfant in that, no to- kens of prudence and indu- ftry are w anting in them : but in other things they are ft) foolifliandabfurd, that they fcarce feeme of a found mind; others have one particular ble- mifli in fuch a fort,that being wondrous difcreet other^vile in their wholeHfe,theyfeeme to doate onely in one part or one oneihidy. Nay you imuftnot judge, by the f wcctneffe and elegance of their fociety, and coaverlationitfelfe, of their wit and wifedome. For of- tentimes in daily converfation ill en of a narrow minde are iefle ofienfive than thofe whom the greatnefle of a cheerfull nature hath made more carelelTe ; whilcft they being diffident doe fearfully fet a watch upon them£elves ; or perpetually ftudy {as being not capable of greater mat- ters ) how to frame them- felves to a faiLionable beha- viour ;but the other of a more capacious nature, doe either negled ibch vulgar things, or elfecarekfly admit feme vi^ CCS as attendants upon their vertues* But ^ The t^i^^Mtr But it is not enough to find out this diverfity or hu- man niindes, as nature onely hathftampedit* There is a- iiother thing befide, that may «yther perfcfl or change a dirpofition : namely their e- ftatc of li!x; either that wret- ched coadiaon or high di^g\\iY^ to which every man either by chance or his owne vertue an iveth. How maiiy^ that weie borne to a right and milde difpofitioi, have by the fault o^ too much felicity cor- rupted their natures? How many high a^.d vigorous inindes , which , if fortu.ie had fufFered, had growne to be examples of all vertur, op- prefTed by lading poverty, and cruelty of fortune, have at laft forgotten their owne worth. worth, and degenerated into afFedions quite contrary? ^tbeition^ in his behaviour a publike example of honelty^ as long as in the Vniverfity withthitine dyet andmeanc cloathing, hee declaimed for Vertue ; having once gotten the Soveraigne power, did ftraight, together with 'dis^ poore cloathes , put of? his Philofophy. ^^hdolominus ha- ving long beene uied witlt his own hands tcg«t a living by dreiTing the Garden,wheii hee was eledlcd to the King- dom c of Stdenia , wiihea that he might beare his royall for- tune with the fame modefty and moderation that hee had borne his poverty. Now therefore let us confider alfo thofe affeflions,whichby the E^ con- 9 8 The Mirrour condition of Fortune,or man- ner of life are added to men i and oftentimes doe kill thofe manners, which the fimplici- ty df Nature opprefled by no calamities, or inti- c^d by no tempta- tioiiSjhad bred in them. The The thirteenth Chapter. Thdt then is 4 diferena hJ tWfffte the DijfdfitieKJ of tyrants dftdUrvJuS Princes ; ; And a^Aine between* th&fe Kings J Vfiha come to their Crownes by right offnheri" tance, and by EleBior, Of thedijptfiticns of Ncblemen gr^cisMS ^ith Kings, THofe people, who fub- /ed themfeives to no Scepter, .though they abhorre the name of fervitude,y et doe not enjoy true liberty. For they muft needs eleit Magi- 'ftrateSjto whom they giveiii- rifdiflion over themfeives; And the publike power,which they glory to be in the whole Ee 2 N4ti 1 CO Ths ^jUirreny Nations, is adored in a fev^ men; fo that in thofe Coun- tries, where you would thinly all did reigne, the greatel paitt are Servants ; a fecre law of things difpenfing fc the frame and order of th< world, that by the nerves o one head (according to thi rule of the Deity) many, mem bers fhould bee governed This fpirit of Government which loves to refide in a fe a . doth more plainely fliew i felfe in the Ariftoeracy, bu mofl of all in a Monarchy where all the power is in one But that height of power, t< which GOD by a fecretin itina has fub jelled Men, wa; not ordained for their fakes ^vliich pofTtiTe the dignity. ^huMhofe that are ihbjcS: to itJ There- Thereforc when Kings have jabuied their dignity accor- [ding as their plealiires and ambition fvvayedthem ; or the peoples ignorance hath not iiiiderftood their owns CQiaodity, the name of Kings hath oftentimes grown hate- foll,and Monarchy with much blood and flaughter hath beta banifhed out of many Coun- tries^ and againe reftored . All thofe Common- wealths ; that jRouriflied lieretofore > had K is^gs at the fii ft .B iit the/ beicg expelled by thole that undcritoud not true liberty, eyther the blind popular go - vcrnement fiiccceded tlicm, or eUe the rule of the Nobili- ty ; that isy mmy Kings in ftead ofon.e- And as a mem- ber^ which by violence is put Ee 3 our 102 ThtiMirr^HT Qutof joynt,catirtat be put in- to /oynt but by violence a gaine ; fo thofe Provinces, which by this meanes faac caft off the beft forme of go- vernment, could not againCj uatill they had cruelly payed for that errour, bee reftored, & reduced to their firft right eftate. For m thofe Comon- Wealthsjfome cittizens f\ve!- ling with ambition, had ey- rhsr by armes made their names great, or by the peo- ples error engroffed too great and too little offices ; or elfe liad feized into their owne hands the ftrength of the Commoa-vvealth, and called themfeives Kings. But they growing fierce (as it muft needs bee in anew and hated State) did fo pollute their reignes> ofij^indu log rcigties, which they by trea- foii had gotten, that the peo- ple for their fakes thought Wforfe of Kings than ever they had done, and the name Tyrant, which was once an honour to all Monarchs, be- came a word of hatred, and publike infamie. But hee, that w: U confider th#feafFe(5lions, which Kings iy the greatneffe of their dig- nity doe noutifh m theiT}, mull; not efteeme alike the ftate of all Kings. Thofe dif- ferent waves that bring them to their height, doe caufc dif- ferent rnindes in them : and thofe tliat reigne in a aew- fetled Monarchy , doe carry themfelves in another man- ner than tliofe who fafely, and by the pe^ple^ wilhes E e 4 reig'>e 104 The tMfirrokf reigne over a Nation long ac^] cuiTtomed to that governe- ment. And different alfo are I the minds of a King crowned by Eleflion (as in Hungary A IDsmtarke, and the Roman] Empii'e) and fuch a King as reignethby inheritance, and poSefTeth that ftate which his ! Father, and Grandfires held before him. New kingdoms not Well eftabliflied by time nor theconftancy of the peo- ple,doe fill their Princes with continuall fufpicions. They flatter the meaneft fubjei1:s, and feare the Nobility, efpe- ciaily whileft they"thinke themfelves are feared ; and daily confider with them- felves that their eftate, not yet ietled, may by the motion t^f fortune as eafiiy be over- throwne of Minds. tOjj throwiie as it was faifcci.Ncr are tyrants onely, that came un/ultly to their crownes,dir- quieted with thefe thoughts : but thofe alfo, who are law- fully chofen over fuch Nati- ons as hav^e not beene acca- ftomed to the name and an- thf>rity of a King. But this feare is greater m Tyrants. For if they have fubjecled a Common-wealth, they fearc the Nobility, as men that \yill vindicate their loll liber- ty ,and loath to ferve hitn Vi^ho lately v/a5 their equall : Or if they have mvTiAtd a Monar- chy, axi expelled the true ! heyres; with acontiauall care and vexation they fufpec^ aiid feare the peoples hearts , as inclining to their ancient ; Loids. Therefore they dafe- 3e r act to 6 TbeiMirrcmr not truft their friends , be* caufe being privy to their counfels, they know alfo the means which way their King- domes may be undermined ; smdexpc6k fidelity from no man, fince themfelves have violated it-But in open (howy and with a garbe put on of fet purpofe, they feeke occafions of doing curtefies, and ambi- tionfly si(fc<^ the fame of in-r tegrity, and loue to their Countrey. They arc excee- dingly iiberall to the poore ; great punifhers of thofe vices,, of which themfelves gave ex.- ample, and laftly eyther Au- thors or reftorers of the beft lawcs, and publike buildings for ornament of the Citty ; to (J'ecline by thofe meanes the jrefentcnvy, and infamy of pofte*. poflerity. In this manner a Tyrant is eyther bad by the fault of liis condition, not his difpofiti- on : or elfe is good by necef- fity. His minde is wonderful* ly aiiftere, his countenance wtlde, his thoughts ready up-^ pon all occafions, efpecially thofe occafions wkich he feares ; tme pleafurc he doth not know, but is led witb a hope of it ; and with vaine pompefweetniiig his inward cruellcares^hedoth as it were coufen hisowne minde. But a law full King eyther by cle- ^ion or inheritance,coafident in the right of his royalty, doth not fo defcendto bafe feares, or wicked preventi- ons ; although perchance hce fall upon tuAuIeat times, mad 1 ^ © 8 The Mirrour j madSub;V^S5 and whatiW ver elfe a Tyrant feareth. But thofe Princes, which owe. their fortune to eleclion, yhofe royalty continues not in their family , being as it v/ere, private men in one re- fped, namely as they confc der their pofterity , doe fel- domc with their whole care and endeavour fo much pro-, core the pubiike ^ood5as thofe Princes which recei'/ing the Kingdome from their Ancer ftoiu's , {Irive to adorne it for their owue Pofterity. Therer fore thofe cares which- are due to thepublicke, they be- ftovv upon their domefticke affaires, in a piety w hich may be excu!ed, if they cai fitly divide their thoughts^ aid lookeboth w^yes, fo to re- mem-- member their fainily, that they forget not their pablike charge. But if by chance they hope ordefire-toprePerre any of their owne bioud to the fiicceiTion , then by re- wards aid curte(ie the peo- ples liiff.ages muftbe bought; Force muft be omitted, and Majefty it felfe layed afide- So by a ihiddei arid trouble- fome care his minde is a Servant even tothofe men, hy whom \'\ publike hee is i erved a .id adored . In fuch cares oftentimes for their private family , is the iadu- ftry of thofe men taken up, wMo for their Heroicall vertues, did before feeme worthy to weaje^Crowne. Many times thay de- cliue to the wojfc p^'fj 1 1 o The (J^irroHT corrupting their manners, ex- erciiing with revenge their ancient hatreds and semulati- ons : when not forget ting^ who were befure at diflerttion with them, or who were erode in voyces to their ele- <5t ion ,* their new power , nor yet able to governe and con- taine itfelfe, dothfwell one- ly with defire of revenge. But if they be troubled with none of thefe mifchief?, yet for the mod part they are ambitious to doe ftrange and wonderfiiU things^and by th6 to renowne themfelves and their times toPofterir.'.Thefe high delires may afwell be in- convenient as profitable to the Common-wealth. For as in Apples and Berries too early and forced ripeneffeis onely ©nely pleafant beeaufe of tie novelty of it ; but the Tre^ themfelvesby fuch forced ma-« nuring , and unfeafonable hears , after this fruit is brought forth, doe prefently decay ? fo in publike affaires,, efpeeialiy t h e gr eateft , a cer- taiae order \% to be obferved ; and thofe who pervert or prsEcipitatethoteaiFaifes, doe feemeasit were to ki-ll the Commonwealth. Yet not-- withftaading eleded Kings, almoft vci all ages , burning withdefix-eofa lailing fame, have eyther raifed Warres a» broat!, or fought to innovate ibmething in their ^wne Kealmes 5 to gainea name by their owne boldnefle and the danger of their men ; and per- chance valuing ic at that rate^ 2 1 1 Tht LMirr$Hr Fewoftbcm with Sttphinm doe mearure their af^ioas not by their owne profit 'out the welfare of their coutr/There is-a faying of his extant, wor- thy to expreffe the brav^ery of his diip^iitiua ; I will make the world (quoth he) iinder- ftandhow much a King cho- {cn for vertue by the confear of a Nation , is better thaa he, whom right of fucceniori thmfls upon the (houlders of unwiULig- people. But thofe Kings to whom raoft truly this qajie ofMaje- ft>' btlongi/vholeai^etotheir childx*en that perpetuated ho- nor which they received fro their anccfl:^^rsJ& ao'.v owing nothing to the peoples voy- ccs, f. ojn w hem ai c^eat the 9fMinis^ X I J firfl,may feeme born to reigtie with aaother (jemm. But to (earch out this difpoliti'ja of theirSjthat ovveth it telfe only to God^may perchance be too iacrilegious a wiredome. Nor is it law Full for us to pry iiito thofe affj iioiis , which the power of heave hath infpired into the for governing o^^the world, for alteration of dates, & managing the fates of Man- kinds Som2 that are curious may perchance enquire whe- ther it were better for Kings to begin theii* reigaes in their childhoood, fo accuftomed to that greatnefTe , as a thing borne with them , ihaa to grow upu lier the reigne of their Father6 or kinfmen, and afterward receive their great inheritance ; whether a quiet aal JX4 TheMfrr$ur and obedient people doe fof- ttn and fpoylea Princes difpo- fition, while his power has a free fwindge j or rather that love of the Sub)e(3:s doe not endeare thePrince his affe(fli- ons to them, as themafter o^ a family to dutiful! Servants. Laflly, if a lawful! Prince, by the peoples ill affe<3:ion to- ward him, be forced to £ght for his owne right, whether after the vi(^ory he will reign cruelly , . fhowing an hatred and contempt of them 5 or ra- ther flrive to appeafe them by a mutual rerped:jasremem- hn\\2, the pad dangers to bee fuch, as may returne more heavily upon him. Arguments and examples are not wanting on both fides, (which in the changes of humane affaires ) although aldhough proceediag fr-oin the fame caufes, have not al« v/^ycs found the fame €• vents. But it is in vaine to fearch into thefe decrees of heaven ; letth^Kingly height not bee touched With curious cogita- tions, b*t pryed into onel/ with adoration, as the fecrec rtiyfteries of religion were:for it is piety to wifli for good Princes, butto condemnebad ones is unlaw full. And ftdug moreover that they doe not fo much gov erne themfelves, as give way to the fates lea- ding (who by their affedions doe ordaine the declinations and growth of States ) all art and wifedomc, that lookes into their ^."w/i/, and con/e- iflures of it,is oft deceived. The X 4^ fbe MrrdHY The firft Rep from this great height is the eondition ot Nobkmeu. Eyther thoTe whom Kings chute for Coun- fcllours, tolliarewith them the cares of the Commsii- wealth ; or thole who by a great and entirety of lov^e are - endeared to their Kings. Through both thefe, as through the mouths of rivers which difcharge themfelves into a great Sea^are the defires and hopes of the peopiecarri- ed. But they, as being advai- cqA for different reipefls, havediffei-^nt wayes and dil- poficions. Thoi'e therefore who by their flower of age^or high birth, orfweetneHeof behaviour, are highly endea- red in Princes Favours, have for the moft part mindes bent to •f%Ji4lnds\ X 1 7 to pleaf€;wc^ although deny 'd to their owne afjedions, the/ fquare according to thedifpo- fitioncf their Lord. Thisis in- deed a wonderful! kindof fer- virude, and full offubtiil ait ; hiding fometimes a bafe and a[:;e(*l minde^^^metimes a free -and bold diipofltion. Some- times to follow pleafure y to fport or /eft well, it as ufefuli to them as the greateft la- bour ; Nav even to exercife a kinde ot ilate over their Princes, and alinoft reigne ( but not too long and wan- tonly) doth more kindle the Princes affections to them, whodefire as well to be belo- ved, as to love. For Lords .that are advanced to that flippeiy height of favour, if ihey know "their Prince to be of of a foft nature, not brooking enough a continuall ufe of the fame pleafures, muft fpaiing- ly beftovv their pleafing lookes, or /efts, or whatfoa- ver in them is delightfull to him ; difpeniing them in fo prudent a manner,that afFecfli- on ftirred up often and by in- termiiTionSjmay neither breed a loathing, nor by negled and oblivion be blotted out. But if the Prince be eafie and apt to change o'^ten his affedions and Favorites, btitwherefoe- ver he apply him^elfe, hij love as it is iKort^fb is it blind zni vehement;T he Favorites remebring that they are now in a high tide, but {hall Ihort- ly returne to their owne Sea, doe make moft greedy ufe of their felicity. For they are not $fMinds\ ti9 not afraid by importune fiutes to wjeary this affeflion of the Prince, which unldTe it bee timely taken and made ufe oF, like wines, which lad not, itjdecayes and periOies of it felfe. But farre different wayes are to be taken with thofe Princes, who lofe notthem- felves in a torrent ofaifFet^i- on, but to that fweetnefle of nature, which makes them love, doe joyne reafonalfb. For this afFetfiion, being tnie incked, and perpemail(if they deferve it ) as it can never do all things, lb has alwaycs po- wcrtodoe fomething. Nur muft you rob altogether that tree, but gather with choyfe the fruit of it , which wii^ grow againe for you* There^ foTg fore the Favourites of fuch Princes, doe wholly ^apply theml elves to them ; and ne- ver forgetting their Majefty, doe alway es in their love give dueubfervance, modcftly ufe their freedoine oiF.fpeaking or adviiing, and oFter confider that they are Princes, than that themfelves are Favorites. Thofe Favorites as it is their fiiftcare , to hold up them- felves in tliat height of grace, fo aivvayes make it their fe- cond endeavour to raile E- ftates, togetOxSces and go- vernments, that if they doe remove from that height of favour, yet they may ftill re- taine fome happy monument oftheirfoi'merpov^'er, and a flay to .their a'^ter-life. But thofe, who forgetting them- ' felves Hv-eSjand foo i^iuchtnifting^ their fortune, iaprodigall jot doc xon&me all the vealth and revencw of that ichfavoufj are worthy of a 50ore old age, and then in r^ineto repent theisfelves of heir uafeafonable and ill ac- ing fo high a part. Thofe Favorites alfo mud ife one caution, which, if hey negled*it» doth fdme- imes ruinethem ;not to pre- erretherafelves before their rince in any thing in which aeeytherdefiresto excel), or ;hinks hedoth- If he love the ame of policy, eloquence, va- OJir, of the art of warre or mating; lethimyeeld, that cnowes himfelfe to excell at t ; for feare the Prince fiiould )e fired Vv^ith an emulation, F f that 12 2 7h& ty^ffnur that may not oiicly cxtiaSftifli' theikvour^but di*-aw on a cna-' ell and heavy: difpleafube. For many times the Pribces mind ( with an ambitioanot fmall, but more thaathe thing de- lerves) .is dei[iit>iWjoffttm!e in fuchjniattersyahd takes it heis vilyt<;^lore the prize. Therid is no ccrtainer way for thofc Itrds to gaine their Princes atfedions, than tofeeme axj- mirers of themjbut it muft be done with art , and lb as may gaine beleife;for all do not he open to the fame fiatterics.E- very Prince who eyther is co- fcious ofvertuein himfelfcoi fwelled with vaine crediiUry, either may be or loves to bee dcceiiied by thofe arts; fo mu ny men ftriving to plcafe anc praife tl:e do quite overcome their •f Minds. tij their modefty,and make them faeleive great matters of them- felves. Another, great art of gaining their favor i^ to feem to love them,{bme FennsQis it were)in{inuating an officious grace,and requiring from the a requitall of affecflion. That man is yet alive, anden/oyes the height of his fortune,who byfucha happy accident en- creafed the love and favour which his mafter began to bcare him .TheKing by chance with a fal from his horfe brui- fing his fide,fell into a Fever ; this Lord with a fad ^ aftoni- fhed countenance watched all night v;ithout fleepe by his mafters fide. Whether it were art or piety,he fo far wrought upon the K.affediojthat none wastfterward in greater grace with him. F f 2 Nor 13 4 T^ Mirrour ' Noi* can \ve fty that the difpofing'of ft) great a felicity ( which foiiie few onelycan enjoy, havaig fo many rivals ill compafling that h^ppy fa^^ voux ) i$ onely in the hands[ ofFomme. For as Fortune a-* lone doth bring feme men in- to Kin^s favours ; fo many of them for want of art and wiC* dome doe fall againe from that height ;fo that it may be fayd to be in Fortunes power, Ibmetiraes to raife men to it i but of prudence to keepe them in it. But it is therefore a more fearefull thing to fall from that happincffe, becaufe having beene once admitted into theSacramentoffo high afriendiliip, they can hardly fail from it, but they fall into h^tried, or at leaftakindeof loa- loathing ; for love doth notfo often u(c to dye of it felfa, as to be killed by a contrary af- fe(flion. But thofe Nobleaien, by whofe hands Princes doe ina- ti'Ji^Q. the greateft aftaii'es of their Kingdonies, to whom they truft their fecret coun- fels, and the ordering of for- reine anddomefticke aflfairesy doe comnionly temper the ftrength of their dignity after another way ; as namely fo to draw all thedeepeft and grea- teft cares of the realme into their owne hands , and fo to appropriate them to them- felves, that they ftand not in fo much need of theii^ Coun- try, as their Couiitiy doe's of tHeir Service. And this they .attaine by a perpetuall dili- F t 3 gence lid Tbe\MirroMf gence in thofe affiires, and removing, as farre they can, notonely othcrs,but even the King himfelFe from the knowledge of them. For they may fafely manage all things when the Prince is plunged cither in ignorance of his owncbufineffe, or credulitic toward them. But thefe men being ignorant of their owne fame, doeas feldome almofl heare the truth as Kings themfelvcs. For although they be infamous for extorti- on or pride, or any other wic- kedneflcjand fo generally fpo- ken of by the common voice, yet themfdves many times know nothing of it,untillbe- ing overwhelmed with the weight of them, they begin at the fame time to feele the ha- tred trcd tnd punifliment too. Theu: coimtenaaces for the moft part are compofed or gravity, acceffc to them is taoi eade ; therefore difcoiirfes arc fhort,{hewing much buiines, andakinde of Majefty. ^ mong thefe there are ibm( few, whofe iookcs are nev* ther confufed with biiiinenV!, nor fwelled with pride. Thei'e are worthy of high praifc ia- deed ; nor are the other to be condemned ,' vvlio fafl;!^ on their manners ' accordi ig to their dignit\^ and fortune i* For this high Majofly , a- bove the vulgar s pitch, li fometimes'neccflaiy, in thollr men, by whole hands Kin^ doe ma:ia^e their greateil; af- faLes; crpecTuay Ceing the dif- ficulty ol: acccile & col\fcrencf tf4 bc":t^ 2iS 7hfCMirr9$tr Begets a reverence towarJ them ] whereby the minds of common people are faridleci ^ £ar Ae people commonly do/e cyther feare or contemne^Bat jhatafpcrity ofaftrid coun- tenance, whether it bee dif^i daine, or a true valuation of their power > may well bee forgiven in them, who for a reward of all their weighty cares, have this efpecially, as a token of honour and refped. Bcfides being worne, as.tt were, with continuall trouble and bufinefTe, they cannot al- wayesputonthe fame coun- tenances , or looke with a cleare , and unchanged vi- fage. But if that power, and abi- lity to helpe or deceive, doe fall upon impious minds,who intent ^({jainds, lap inter^t wholly upon their owne profit, neglect the pub- like iatety: then although in cheir wickedneffe they coun- terfeit vertue never fo fubtil- l3',(as if negleding their- own domefticke afeires,they were carefull onely for their Prinze ind Countreyi) they turne jiotwithftanding all their bu- fineffes that way,which tends to the prefervation and in- creafe of their owue dignity. If r hey can helpe themfelves while the Kings eftate is troi^- bled: while with all diligence theyfcemeto cleareit, they doe but involve it into moe diiiiculties, and throw it into darke perplexities. But if in a quiet kingdoms they can otore fecurely reigne, then of necCility they hate all com- Ff 5 motion^, Ijo TheMirraur motions, and will rat her fuf- fer the peace uf their times to' continue, though growing in the fecdes of all evil/,and per- chance to the ruine of po- fterity .Laftly^thcfame defires^ which poffdTe deded KingSp doe commonly feed thefc Statefmen : both of them hoi* ding a fuddaine tranfitory po* wer,which is not at all to de* fcend upon their pofterity. Who therefore can chufc but admire thofe men, which info great a place can keepc integrity , and remember true vertue, when it lyes in then- power to offend with fo much eafc, and fo much ad- vantage ? Some fuch in e-| very age, to the releife of Mankinde, have come upon the ftage^nien ftverc to them- felve^, of Minds. 151 felvcs, of a white & innocent: honour, ambitious of nochitig but the publike good. But the goodnefle of theic jncn many times - cannot' keepe' themfafe from envyo -Foroy the very flipperinefle of their dignity (upon which few are ftrong enough to (land } and the vices of their fe!- [owes, their vertiie often- times is wronged ; and de- tracfting tongues will never leave tliofe eminent places, in which they may find mat- ter of railing, fbm.^^rinies ' juftly, but never without {vi*^- pition. But glorious is the fruit of fuch a dignity : that beeing fafe , and out of the;>r reach, they fee the ziwy of oth^r ttien againft them j and T^ 2 The LMirroHf and thofe men forced to give them refpefl, whom thejr know malicioufly bent, hi- ding, their 2emLilation,and ftri— ving to exjp/efle love. For fiichenvy/oynedwi^h admi-^ ration, and ftirred:up onely a* gainft felicity, doth yeild (I know not in what fenfe ) a-^ kinde of ambitious pleafiire to thofe men, againft whom it rifes, as putting them in mind, of their ownegreatneffe, and;, the bafeneffe of other men. But they have anpther, and farre more excellent preroga- tive in governing the Com- monwealth , that can lend a . helping hand to brave and vertuous men, whom poverty or fome other calamity doth . keepe downe, and be ready ,as it wer^^ to ayde diftiefTed na- of Miners ^ 135 nature^ Whieh thing as it becommeth the to performc, fo can they not leave it un- done without fufFeringrofpu* nifliment in themfelves for ir, as fecretly chidden by the in- dignation of good men , and upbraided h^ the image of vertue daily complaining within them: For feeing they did defave to be advanced for this very reafon, becaufe they either are or feeme to be mea of the ancient and prudent in- duftry ; Why fhouldnot they acknowledge men of that ex- cellent quality, and dearely love thofe that are of kindred with their owne difpolitions? Nor are they ignorant which they be, or w^here they may Be found. For as all other li- ving^creatures, unleffe they be IJ4 ThiLMmoHr ftarke blinde, car; fee and know thofe that are of their owne kinde : fo thefe men being of fo cleare a fight, of io eminent and full a judge- ment, cannot chufe but findc out, without miftaking, men that are of kindred to their owne excellencies. And let them not fay that they are op* prelTed with the multitudeof fuchrnatureSy and that neither themfelves nor the Common- wealth are fiuljcient to pro* vide for all of them ; it were well with Mankind, if there were fo great a plenty of ex- cellent foules, tnat, when all publike afiaires were commit- ted to them, fome would Bee ftill leftjbefiowed by God up- on the world, as it were , for EO a(flioa or empIovmcnt.But Mankind is not happy in fucii a plenty;and it was rare in all tL^es^9LtA among all Nations to find a dcepe and pure wit, fie to be employed in any kind of civility, one adorned with learning, and borne with a clcareand valiant modefty, to dare all things, but nothing too ujuch. When great men invite fuchdifpofitions to par- take with them in the publike felicity, they doe firft honour themfelve« , as of kindred to that (7fw«/;and fecondly adde ftrength to the common- wealth, which is never better governed than by wife me» A5 the fame of all eminent arts is ftained by the multitude of ar- tificer$,& the unskilfulneffe of the, mofl of the being unable todoewhatthty promife, & ^feeking 1^6 The i^irrtHf fe eking for their coaimei- dation onely the vaine naine of fuch an art : fo the fame of wifedome and fcieiice hath bee ne oft ftained by unwor- thy men, who have ftud}'ed nothing lefl'e than the Mines, or true Prudence. But it con- cernes great mtn to keepe downe that cauaterfeit and a- diilrei;^te vertue; and advance true indaltn',vir.dicated from the prejudice of imskilftiU men,to fuch rewards as, of ;u- {hce^areduetoitt Tfac $f%^indu ^3^ The fourteenth Chapter;. Of the fiudits and dffirts of CoHrtiers*^ Of the dtjferenf natnres and ajfeBhni §frifb and fodremen^ BEfidesthefe two forts erf" great men, befriended ty Fortune^ there are in Kings Courts a great multitude of men of all births, noble and upftart, of all eftates and ages, who there feeke after wealth, fame, and favour. And thefe houfes of Princes , though to the outward ihpw they ap- peare as places compofed to all/ollityandpleaftre, fome- times filled withrevels>fome- times 1 3* theMirnhf times (for a change of recrea^ tion) Iweating with hunting games; fall of honours, glit- tering in pompous ai\d gor- geous attire , and rich ban- quettings; where every man ieemes to iiwt i» a garbe of magnificence, and joUity a^ bovehis condition : Yet to him that lookes more nar- rowly into the nature of it^ they will appeare In manner of Faires or Markets , where men doe ex^rcife amofk labo- rious kinde of traflSque. How many arts , how many trou- bles belong to a Court life , fcarce they themfelves can tell you, who have that way fuf- fer'd along time for their am- bition. Nor does any man in this Sea defervethe haven,but he that underftands that a c6- tiuuall timiallcare and labor belongs to him to turne even tho(c things , which in fuch a life feeme to flatter a man with foftJhowes oFpleafure into feverc ufes ; and alwaycs in thofe very delights, find out matter ot care and indulhy* For as the hardeft labors ma/ grow into a delight ( as when immoderate hu.iting ; or too watchful! ftudies are pleafing Ikj a fti'ong and uncurbed minde : ) fo all kindes of fport may by afevere inten- tion bee fo tempered, that they may turne to the bur- then of a true labour. There- fore the recreations and de- lights, which are found in the Court /oUity, doe no way take the \vifedome of thole men, 14© ThMirr9ur men who have not yet fatisfi* ed their wants and ambition, to niake them., among thefe facing images of felic^ity, for- get that themfelves are not yet happy,aad let flip fortune, lyhofor themoft part never beftow£S her felfe, upon, any inan^ but as the reward of an unwearied and ' ftrong dili- gence. WoiUdftthou know there- ■ fore how, and with whairi countenance to receive theft Sirens^ left if thou hearken to them, they hurt thee, or if tooruftickly thou contemne them, tbey piofcrihe thee as too uni eafonably grave?Therc is no need of a fternecoun- nance or barbarous precepts^ If they be of fuc ha condition, age,andperfon, as they may hope ^fMindu lif I ho^t to, thtivt by thefe re* vels^tid Court fports,then af- tificially they mould theih- felves to tha[t magnificence, and purfuethefame ofCourt- fliip ; and efpecially turne their garbd to that kinde of jollity ) , 'which is moft plea- {m^ to the Prince. But nty- ther is it good for them with the waft of their Patrimonies to buy the miferies of along hope : no'r to let thefe loofe and pleafant-feeming baites mollify and corrupt their mindes j thinking daily with themfelves, that they are now at the hunting, not the prey* But others which are not by the fame fortune invited to thefe (howes of delight ( as unfit for them in condition or difpofition ) fuffer nat them- felves 14a 7he^tirr$ur felves to be deceived, with that errour which the other unwary Gallants are, as to thinke that a man cannot be a brave fdlow, or accounted a Coiutier, unlefle he be emi* nent for extreamt boldnefle, and all expreffions of wanton jollity. They know that inge- niousvertue can there open to them other wayes, & more fecurCjto wealth and honour. And that Princes doe more certainely cftecme and reve- rence a man, thatunderftands hjsowne condition and^^- w«/, and followes thatjWith* cut any difguife or vain pride, than fuch men, as ambitioufly counterfeit and put on a garb, which fortune hath denyed to their perfbns and conditions. This moderation doe thofe wife Hi?ite'i«ea' keepe, who come tofiich Court-Baitesi as to an. art, to 'make ufe of them ra- ther than en/oy them ; but let them, whom Fortune has not condemned to Ibluxurious a charge, taftethele delights in fobcrpleafure, and as a recrc; ation onely to their greater cares. And rather as Speda- tors, than to be themfeives a part of the Sctnt ; Laftly thofe whopofTeffe fortunes eytber by their owne induftry, or their anceftors , may Dee al- lowed to follow thofe plea- fiires and recreations^ as for- ting with their ranke and qua- lity. Noi; is it wonder if thofe men be utifit for great matters whomfluggifh Luxury^ that looked no farther than it felfe, has r44 Th^Uffirrtur h^s asdt w^e bewitched j fincc- a watehfalL diligence letting paCe no occafion , i$ not more required in any kindeof life, than that of a Courtier. For as trees grow from httle feeds, and .a man may ftride over the fountaine of greateft rivers : fo in Court greateft felicity hath fprung from very fmall beginnings, and fuch as have not beene perceived by eyes intent one- ly upon Playes and recreati- ons. Metella obtayned the marriage of D i c t a to r S y l- «,A by this accident ; corn- icing into the Theater , and lightly laying her hand on his fhoulder as he fate, (hefayd , flie defired to partake of his fortune. Marius in his be- ginning ginning poverty received his firft encouragement from ati accidental fpecch of Sc ip 10, as prophetically pointing hiffli out to the height ^of warre«^ like lu^nour. For heJcnew how the . hearers of thi». fpeech might be kept in this pra?iu- dication,and the gieatneffe of his growing iame fro thence made up. . So fometimes by I little and light blaft wee are put in mindeoF^ commodi* ous winde, which if we fol- low, will carry -our veflell to [iich fortunes as were above our hopes, and almoft above envy. It has raifed fbme only to light tepon a gieat man^ when he was pleafant and free,and open to any acquain- tance which fortune brought Hitn ; fome by a feaTonable Cg a^^ 14^ th4t^irr09ir and happy fentence orjcft: fome by a fuddaiiie token ex- prdltd by chance of fpirit or mdaftry, fooie by a cafuall co- mcndation of one,who aymed not at that when he ipoke, have been ftrangely fui thered inthc way ofadvaiKcment. ; There is therefore in meti that arc worthy to foitow the Court with fortune, norafh foule,nor impatict of Ungring and manifold hope^jbut com- pofed , and alwayes looking upon Fortune, and curious e- nough to find out whatfoever fhe, though implicitly , pro- mifc to him. >Jor do they wait idlyuntill thofe fcedesoffe* Urity do of their own accords fall upon them;. But by great arts they further Fortunes go^dpieaningto the;of which the tf Minds* T47 thechiefeftare to have friend* Clip with many, but with iiiii obfervance, to keepe the favour of one of thofe which are of the neareffc familiarity with the Prince.For that way of ri/ing is not lb open to en- vy f and befides, the Ki.igs friends, more than the King himfelfe, doe ofte bellow the wealth of the Kingdom^. Let that Nobleman befuchaone, as can prefer his friends with publike benefitsjfor great no- blemen neither wil give away their wealth,nor,if they would can thofe rivers afford fuch ftrog tides,as aP.his fea ca do^ Nor muft they weary the fa- vor of that Noblema withof- tenaFdunprofitaMcfuites;!eft the very fight of them grow ojQknfive to him | as fea^ <3|g « ring 44^ TbeMirromr ringalwayesafrefii trouble ; or elie leaft ipcndiag his fa- VQUE in fmall matters^they b€- tome much, indebted td him (as ever granting thcibfuites) but little to fortuneJn Fables we fee that point of wifdome CxprefTed. NfPTUNE granted ^ohis fonne-TiiESJEns 'thrfc^ wiflies,i{inii« icoafirmed- by a greatoath' fhai he> fliould ob- taine thena. Xhes E u s '^having- twice try ed the Gods fid^Hty;- when now his laft > wifli' re-i mained, 'be . was i fo loath; tcJ throw away That, ceitakid b^ nefit. Which he could Aev^-' invefoe -^fec^ txromifed alyde rrf' Jbis Fathe^^ baffeited^ (aidf ^^^thereWere fomewhat beyond death ) ta redeetne his fafety at io grcaB apriee- . < There is in Court another labour of eminent profit; to be 4>le to turne thy nimble ar^d: a(^ivc minde feverall wayes^andto puton,at lead in fliew, any motion or gar be that may be pleaiing; which fcarceany man can fitly doe ivithotttftrongand auftefcdi'* Ugence^and a great command oveJ*;his owne defires.By this art have many men gotten both cftates and honbui s, ey* ther infree Comrhonvveaith?, ift w-hich fo many Lords can-^ apt; be^ all pleafed with one Virtue orotic vice; or in KSng5 Coitrts, where yoa muft not: onely fafliiori your ftudies to th^ Princes owhe-hninor, but mufl: court all that are fa grace with him ; who being oft of variotts difpofitions mufl: bee woarre by different kinds of fervice. Thefe and the likeftadies of anxieus diligece do they take who follow the Court upon right honesj and pracoeptsof truePrudcncetbut thefe things are either not difcerned, or dfedefcifedby the mure thaa blindedyoung Gourtier^who oftentimes unworthy ottheir parents careful! paines, fall a* way fro their wealthy mode* fty in a Iuxurius('& afterwards needy )anibition. It is enough for them to be named GoUrti- «rsi& numbred among men of honor^it may be, becaufe it is the firft liberty that they tafte after they aiefreed fro che/u. ' 4ifdi>^ioii rrfdii^ion of their SchooI<^rfii^' ftcrs;and th<;re are enoW there to draw thefe novices into de- baufhment.But iFthev chance to receive the leaft grace in countenance ot words fro the Prince himlelf,they arefc-aice able to beare fo proud a ioj ; but with ravi/hed q^es lookf about them to fee who are by^ to witneffe this great honor. But cfpeciall/ they feekc af- ter the fame of revelling and wanton Courtfliipr, as a note of Nobility and manly vertue; nor ik>e they moderate them- felvcs according to their.own eftates,but to the expences of great men; {o emulating the courfe of thofe that are above them, and not able to keepe pace with them,they run the- iclvcs out of brcath,and faint. Gg 4 From 4Froinhence they grow Hea% ; vily in debt^and complaine a4 ; gainfl the Priace,where themJ lelv^es are itt fault ^ a«if the? Prince could iniufc wifdomc^ intoall his 5iervaats ;,or thaO his facred treafory, and tho*' '. rough that, the Common-^ wealth fliould fufFer for the profuse madncffc of thefe . wantoa fooles^ There are not oncly in* Couits, but in all kindes oP life, diffcrefttdifpafitions of t: rich and poore men* I call not onely thofe poore men, who. z^e in ^rxtreame want, and - driven to take miferabic care > for meat and cloathes, but thofc alfo which want eftatcs^ ■ i;o (uppprt them in that rtate J of life, which they have ta- 4^>keii I and from which they camiordefcetidtbutby i fed: cpafeflion oFiplovcrty. Soifli ' pooreihen doe oipi^nly yehtP thdr grlefe 5 and iad rafthe^' complai^e of the tyretchect* nc& oftKetr condition, thafU excufe or coticeale it. Soto*' the great eafe of tiieir calflh? mity, they can open'y chide Fortune, aid a\royd a greatef trouble than poverty, which is, to counterfeit wealt h. By this jneancs they can inure themfelvcs to beare their mir-* - fortune , and by profeffed la* boor feeke a remedy agaidft that-greefe, which they doc not hide. Men become of thi^ nature , either by their loiv birth i which keeper 'thern from bluHiing dt fjov^ty ; (^ elfe (which 1$ almoft a vice) they arf fo fubdu^ and ta- G g 5 m«d ' 154 ThtMirrMf med biy Fortunes laflier, thar: they (fere breathe no higher • j or lallly by a brave and com- ^ mendable contempt of traafi- tory things, dildaiiing to> profefle.. that condition , in x which the^fates have, placed them ; able to manage ^reat fortunes, and inpoore eflates not dejected. . There is another kinde oF- poore men, who with an ob- itinace and ^Sp-»rf 4» patience. can endui-je all the ftrokes «F. fortune. : They with a merry* fccming countenaace, do hide the anxiety of. their care-di-f fbaAcd mindes, and thinkc themftlves happy ^enough, if th^ycan feen^ fo to others. So in an obftinate conceal- ment oft heir miferi is , they fiiflfer ihwaixliy for th^^ •fMindt. isS ftamcFaftncffe, being ever fo- licitous about their publike fame, and moreover the talke^ of their houChold Servants , who muft both know , and fometimes feele thofe wouds. As many of thofe poorcmen as doe fee helpe at haiK^ , a.id neare to them upon certainty (which is enough to make ci- ties ftiffely endure a (ledge) Sc have for awhile with fained- cheerfulnefle hid their pover- ty,doe not onely deferve not to be accufed of pride^ but to be accounted brave men, and worthy tabc (peedii/ refciied by profperit)^ But thofe- men> w*" iiitheirpoverty^ da^f uffer thatpc.peluall vexatio. With- out anyjexp«(^ti6 o^fortunes rcdrcffe {at lea§ not hopefull) yet wilfo order their affaires^ as- -as inmidft of perpctiiall doi !tneftickemireries, they will ^f on this maske of wealth ; they are ^together worthy rf •pity,and may without envy icnjoytha ambition, which with ib ma ly cares and cala-- mi ties they have purchafed. There aise laiUy fome , tho* rough Wihom wealth, like fuddaine g jfhcs of water , doth palTe and rpen4 it lelfe in a magniHcence too high for it. Their mindes doe lut- fa a wonderful! puniilimenr, ^d worthy of their maJneficj nor is thereagr^eater or worle inadnerfe,than not to decline, by a mature confeHion of thy fortunes J a certaiiie ruine; aid whilei^ by a charge that cannot iail^thou wouldiV have the people thinks thy eftat^ 'great J great ; thoa makeft: it fo linall that it can never aftei* ftand in any mediocrity. Thisi isefpeciallythe fault of No-» blemen and yoi^ng Gentle^ men , that come newly tOi their inhei itanees, who are of an haughty difpoHtion > . not knowing frugality, but by a profufion of wealth feeking a.fame higher thaa their ownc eftates, or thefoitune of their anceftours. Their mindes are troubled with long mala- their old love^as glorying to ha/e Mella$,'w\t^ neffeof his high fortunes, fcee made hafte to goe and vifir him^ x^e&a his affedioa wa5 fincerc , and not over- come by fuch affaults of For- tune. Hee therefore with- a^ plaine heart goes to meet his friend, and affeAionatdy em- bracing him, begins to remc- ber all thofc things , which friends at the firft fight^ after longabfence, ufetodoe. Biit ^j^i^witha grave and com- pofcdlooke,^ and an affeded voyce, as if he were loath to change the copy of his coun- tenance-began almoft tofing t\) to him- And when hee wa$ invited to follow into ^JMcU U"s lodgioFf to which, as ia houTes of ineane eftate, there were narrow ftaires; I pre- thee, ^Jl4elU (quoth he) doft thou lead mee into a chamber or a prifon ? ^J^aU was of- fended with this fcornefiill ma;efty of Cdptty but loath himfeif to offend in that kind, told hinj, hecdidbut hyre the lodging; that the roome, doorcs, and flairts were fuch IS travellers might makeufe of. But when the}' were come Lnto thechambery C^oio care- IcfTy fiingmg himfelfe upon the bed, and (hiiling, began a- gaine witharuAicke urbani- t)^ to deride the inconveni- ence of the lodging : ^JH'M^j though hec were angry, yet ROt- notwithftaading ( as if hec conientod to ^^^'•) nee hiS Ix. with a fmile alfo. But heccaftitig his eyes round a- bout upon the lodging , af- ter hec had with a GarelefTc ftate furvreyed all the fui'- niture, turned his e/esaiid countenance vpon ^JHUki And feeing his bootes , haft thou an horfe (quothhe) or rather horfts I Thofethat come out of your Couitrcy arc of good price ; and I find none more fleete than they, when I chafe the Stagge, in my woods. When --^^//^ told him hee had none of his countrey Horfes , and though hee brought fome, yet hee had' loft them by fomc difeafcs, or, the di- ftemper of a ftrange ayre;^ whj/ %S4 TkiMkriUr why then (quoth f'^P'Odoft thou w^re Bootes I MeU^ in fcorne aafwered hJra, that fce provided them againft winter. Can you tell, quoth ^^ep/d.whofe Coach that is; that ftands before thedoore ? Vyh^n MfU told him it was his; Youfaid, quoth Caph , you had no horfes*Not of our Couatrcy horfes, faid A^fH^t j; but did you thinke I came through this Citie a footed I hyred ^erm^n horfes to the Coachr Did two horfes or foure draw it ( quoth Cdpie?) By this time •^i' ^il4 began to fee filled with difdaine as welt as anger^ but willing tocoiiii tinuethis Comaedy,heanfw^ red fmilingly he had but two' fiorfes I that heleft foure for* ^h fortunate menai^u^ was. was. Tell me then, ftid f^J: ftoi arefoukaownetoyoiir King ? What quantity of JLands have you ? Or doe yoii command any LordfKi^s ? fj^etia at this could fcarce containe laughter, but made him anfwereonely, that hcfo cn/oj^ed that meane' eftatt whi ; ^ as that ' h^e might ncy t her difcredfk them , nor ruiiie his pofterit^^. Agaiiie wfeen hemore cti* ioufly asked him^hoWmuch his annual) re- venej^xvas> he anAv^rei that? it fulJiced i7im,and ibmetimes hisfiiendstoo; and by that end efpecially hee valued his wealtli. But when he faw Kmfetfc aflhtllted vvith fo ma- ny ^ueftionsi^hefefolved to turae the biu4€» of ange- ring ring upon CapU, who Was moft giad of it. Therefore MiU began to aske him how many Servants daily attended in his houfe ? And afterwards how many horles he kept ? And how gracious hce was with his Prince ?i\ or was C<- fie any more modeft in fpea- kingof himfelfethan wife in queftioning of others 5 but his c-pccialldLcourfe was of the Court; where he faid many of the Noblemen were ilmpic people-Some of them by eafic endeavours he gained for feiends; others were taken with admiration o^ his valour^ for hee had now bcene twice in the Feild ; and others of them, in rcfpeft of that favour, whicH hee had with the King, w.ere glad to to proffer all oilices oFfHend- fliip to him. Aietia was now amazed , and confident that none but a mad man could utter this. Therefore tur- ning ail his wearineffe into wonder aad plcafurc, hec began toiirge him farther, and with madde oueftions to plunge him , that was forward enough, into abfur- dities. There was a little reft, and both of them af- ter thefe follies had beenc^ awhile filent ; when C -€- PI o , as if fome ^eciall thing had come into his ininde, 43reakes out on the faddainc , How eager thin- keft thou are my hunting E>ogge5 now of the Game? For I l^ave charged my fnetinc not to goe ;ibN>ad with with them in my abfenc^My Hawkes now are out of datej for they arc mewing their feithjers at this time of the yeare*. Ax^d prefently he adr ded, thedaygrow€iS old; fie 4ipon it J I fhould long fince have waited upon the King. He will chide me for being fo long abfeat fro hinb With tjiefe words in a fta tely embrace he fails upon iJHelta^ who more humbly faluted him, and inviting him home to. hi^ houfe, fitting his pride to.akindof curtefic, }ie cn^- ti-^ated him tomake ufeof his faithfull friendlbip, thatdefi- red to fcrve him, and rcqueft hi.ii in what he wanted; iiee fliQuld find him txjie in pet* f orpi^no^ pjf his, promifcs* lOii^waS the end qF jrheirdil* comfe, •f Minds* l6$i rourfc, which amazed «J^^/- dy and made him curfe fo- laine wealth, if it tranfport a nan into fiich madnefle. This viCQ of immoderate joafting is incident not onely o thofe men , whofe wife- lome Fortune by her too fo- laine guifts has overwhelm ned, but to thofe alfo which Jiace their glory in warlike eates. For having for the moft part, rude mindes, and eyther nurtured in campes,or imong thofe men, whofe peace is infec^led with the faults of campes, ^hey thinkc nothing more glorious than CO bee feared ; and abfurdly thinke to be btlecved, while they fpeake of themfelves. From hence proceeds that boldnefle iti bragging and Hh. high tjo TheMrrout high words^ as if their fword^ ihould porchafe the favourl ^nd beliefe of all men. Here- i ^gori in aimaent Comediesi were the perfons ofPyrgepoJ Itnfees^zad T^^r^ invented, ^ to ihew examples of' this" iierceiteffe, flohriflilng more inlwelling wordes; than the' true dangers of a V/arre. Bat in Old men and Ca^ptaines e^ Ipecially this fault reiffnec more fecurely, and.with more pardon J Mindes indeed cpm- pofed for gtory , but erring iometimesbyinconfiderate , vanitie. '^ -':^^^ The §f0^hdc5\ 171 The fifteenth Chapter, Lawyers. THe next Dignity, after themajefticke height of Courts and Princes, is that of M3giftrates,to whom the for- tunes of Suitors are commit- ted, thepunifhment of guilty perfons , and thofe oiiices, which are diftinguiihed into divers titles by the number of thofe that pra.^ice, and the defire of getting of wealth* Thefc for rhe moft part a^ e advanced to their places by open, and permitted bargai- ning 5 orelle in fuch Coun« Hh a cries xj% The (LMlrroitr tries a* thefe,fales are publike- ly Forbidden, by private, and more ftrid coatracls with no- ble men, they find there alfo fome that will fell the Com- mon-wealth. They pay often- times fo great ancl immode- rate rates for their places,that it is plainly fhewed they feeke for them oncly through am- bition and hope of prey. For to defire onely to benefit the Commonwealth with adear.e care J which deftroyes their owne eftates, is not a vertue of this Age, nor to be looked for perchance fince the C«rjf, and fabmif. But feeing that no vertue is now followed £rata, and for its owne beau- ty, but all in refpeft of their rewar4s are made lovely to men • Therefore this defire of WjS^th Wealth & gaine iti MagiftrateS may more eafily bee indured, upon condition thattheyjCon tent with that c5mon and al- moft allowed way of frnjoing, will afterwards with fincerr- ty of minde behave them- fclves in their imployment* But as by that height which they under take^t hey have po- wer to moderate, aud if they pleafe, to abufethe people un- der them; §0 unlefTe that by mature wifedome , and fuc'h as is not only capable of their place of judicature , they can bridle their defires , them- felves cannot avoyd flowtes, and reproaches ; but thofe for the moft part are fecret ones, and in their abfence. For o- penly by flattering fpeeches they are ftirred up to pride, H h 3 and I 74 Th (Jl^Arrour and a vaine confidence of themfdvesj whikftib man/ fuitors in law with great ob- fervance, but fuch as doth not laft, doe feeke their favours : Fdrnoman, which is called into queftion for his eftate, but can be content humbly to petition the Judges,, and, if they be harfli and froward, to appeafe them; or if they lye open to a favourable ambiti- on, to feed them (like mcate) with many praiies, andcrind- ^m% geftures. Rome did long agoe teach the world that art, when oflFenders in feare and reverence ufed to fall downe at the Judges feete, clothed in bafe gownes, and their haire in a vile manner negleded. But all thefe fup- pliants, what end foever their bulineffes 9ftMMs^ 17$ Bufiaefles haue, affoone as e- srer they are gone out of the Judges prefence, put offagaia this fearefull dilguife ' of ibu- thing ; and fometimes among their companions remember vvith great laaghter, and rec- kon up the fiatteries \vhich theyu(ed,and the credulity of thofe, to wholn they put them. For Judges being al- wayes full of " fucceeding troopes of clients, doe many times value themfelves accor- ding to their flattery, and thinkc that all thofeare^ue. honolirers'to their digqity, who by a coinpofed humility do feelce tp gainc their favour. Thofe Judges,! 'meane^whofe ambition is not acqilainted with'.thc manners- fihcl iiibtle- tyof ^r 'Agef \^liibh they Hh 4 ha-fe X 7^ Tht tJHtrrenr have icene nothing but the' Schoolesatid Courts, m one of which they ufed to trifle, in the t)tha' to have oblir- vance, and be deceived ; or clfe are of narrow and ealie tnindes,, fondly to beleeve them-thar fp eake for their owne ends. But then efpeci- ally are they ridiculous to the people, when/as if they were. aihamed of their owne condi- tion, they put on the geftures and words of Souldiers, or in^ their attires imitate the Court fafhions, or follow other de- lights, which are notfuitabic to the majefticke gravity of Gownes and tribunal] Seates. Which errours doe many times overtake unexperien- ced young men 5 for young men are fom^tim^ advan- ced 9f Minds. 177 ced to thofe dignities. But nothing is moremifc- r^lc to a Common-wealth than when Magiftiates and ludges, forgetting that God- deffe^ under whofe name, and by whofe reprefentation they pronounce fentence, {wd^ytA in their afFe(fHons, either by the greatneffe of guifts, or fa- vor uf the pleaders, are not a- fraid to decei v e the lawes. Nor can I eafily tell which is the greater fault to be fwayed bv money or by friends ; For that eafiaeffe in them of deny- ing nothing to their Favou- rites, opens a Iwdges bieaft to all impiety ^accuftomed thust)y degrees to in juftice,that cxcu- fing his crime with a l}iow of friendiliipjafterwards w htre- foever hatred or hope Hiall Hhj kade 178 Themiirronr leade him, he will not feare to offend, and to doe that for his ownefake, which at firiihe did for his friends* But if they be eagerly in- tent on wealth, and leeke ri- ches by the peoples harnies ; then the body of the Com- inonwealth under fuch Phy- fitians is more ficke of the remedies than of the difea- {^S' But there are few that in an open way of villany, dare thus to fatisfie the lufts of themfclvesor their friends. There is a more lingring plague, oe-, if tlxHi wilt, a modeft cruelty ; which now by cuftome is almorc excufed ; to intangle with intricate knots,and fo prolong thecau- jxs in their Courts ; to be en- ded late, jhrough an infinite and and aFrti?6ftridUgibus c?burte'<^^ orders. By thefe arts thejr prolong their dorhirtitloit oVerwretcfi^ me^3 aiid ^^-^ ihicr them up t(^ $).^^6Vd^l^^ led By thSir^' oilieersi And> wit h • pef petuifl - f^rey ih6f feed the ^dvoeafe^s^aiid wliqlc nation aimoft of' t h^fe "VV hiah* arci fatted wit-h X\\t f^6Y{l§ of wretb-yd GSeilts. Aildl hd\v intotleraSle are tht> trick es oFfoiiie?Iiiftite Wl^ieh they'are afi'Sj/d tb fell -bpenlyjr they proftitate by either fhortening or ob- truding bookes, dare to de- ceive both their Mailers and equity it felfc. Buf ptany of thefe Magiftrates have carv- deid mindes, and preferre hoUnefle, juft honours , and that that flipend, which the law allowes them, before the co* vetousartes. Thefe are grave men , and modeftly compofcd within the greatnelTe of their for- tune; Nor are they praifed more by the flatterie of thofe that feeke their aydc, than by true fame of their piety and juIHcc. But if you value the Courts of thefe Judges not by the manners of each in par- ticular, but by the gravity of the whole Colledge or af- fembly, it is wondarfiiU how great a reverence thev will Srike into you. For oeeing admitted into their prefence, you will altogether thinke them worthy of that fpeecb of C Y N E A s , who fayd ic thought himfelfe enviro- ned: 1 8^1^ ThtijMirrour necl* bjras* many Kings, as ^^ man SenJitours were then affemkled. But yet this Maje- fty will ht a farre more grate- ftill ahd dtlighjtFiill {|).e>::l^ade, tp thdlis^meiT that'l^eing' free from law. bdinefTe, Mve no hopes or feares depending upon their fentehces ; who- fitting, as it were in the Ha- ven, may fecurely lo<^ke tipon . the ftoriiiy Sea, arid fee theie Ne p TUrN E s goveming the Waves according to their (5wne becke. When Roms zndCarthd^e were inleaguCy Mas SAN I s s a King of ?S[«- midJ^y who waisalfo at friend- ftiipwtth Rotm y had vvarre yNitliCnrthaji^e, The armies were both erieamped againft each other , and the day ap- pointed fpr %ht; when Sx.i P I o S c ^ I o the younger, being fent by chance upon other bufmeffeinto ^^ffnca, c^mc to theCampeoF Masinis-: SA, and enjoyed the fight of that great battaile; he him-: felFe, vvhich way foever For- tune enclined, was feaire by the Majefty of the Romatt name. He went thereforeup to the top of an hill toviewr thebattell, and there fecure- ly enjoyed the dangers of fo many men. And it feenied to him a matter of fo ambitious: a delight, that he fayd, none ever had had that fortune be- fore him, but onely I o v e from Ida, and Neptune from^ gamarhr^i^ whoplaced out of aU danger, behefd the bat- taile of the (/''fe^^ J and Trff^ j ned ia an art fo Iaborious,iand ampli- r^2 Thty^irrftr amplifcd by fo cany wij. Theie is no mere certainc way to richts in that Coea- trq . For £ 'i it »»es returning out of t^E ypt. So was the great Creator or hea- ven and earth, who taking upon him man's nature, did by his death open the way of life to Mankiade. And fo (becaufe • heere we defcribe not onely hoUtfty, but for- tune, which play es her games in humane affaires ) was, Oh villany ! That man which infeded with his venome fir ft iy^ Tahiti and Syria , af- terward whatfoever lyes be- tweene tJ?e HeRe^ont and V 1/ 5 ^^H $fMindSt aej dia, aid now from thenc^e all the Countries as fere as the hither part of Hnn^^iry^ and with his facrilegious fu- pe« ftition hath corrapted al- moft all ^'^jf'-^c*?. Aiidthoie whom true and coekftiali h\ fpirations have led to the Majefty of founding religion, are not to be looked iato By us, bnt onely wi- h faith and adoration. But oih:rs who are not afiaid in fo great a matter to abu e Heaven, and coofen the people,:nLul of ne- ceiTity have fuch a minde as beleev^es nothing at all eyther ©f their owne Lawts or of Heaven, as fpa'xs no vertue, nor forbeares (unUlTe perhaps in fhow ) any vice ; but lot efpecially careful! to gaine to themfelves a yenei ation. a ^4 The Mirreur turning thofe lawes, which they make, to the luft and fu- pcrftitions of their ownc Nation ♦ Nor can thofe which offend in this kinde ( as m other wickedneile it oft Falls out ) be dcceiv^ed themfelves , or blinded with love of their owne opinions, or the things in queilion; but being conscious to their owne wickedneife , they know themfelves to be im- pious and the . plagues of Mankind; efpeciaily when to perfwade the. people to fuch a ferious no ^eity is re- quired a mod bold prefump- tion, in fubtill wit, and be- fides many lyes are to be in- vented ; as namely that they faw or heard the Deity ^ that they confultcd with him:.. him; and whatfoever clfe thole lewd impoftors ufe to averrc. But;^this is not a mif- chiefe incident to every age i for but ^w ( and not alwayes with uKcefle) have gone fo farre as to that mofl: impious audacrt5% There i% another kindeofmenj and farre more frequent, of thole who profefTe not to forfake the religion oF their Fathers , or to - broach any novelty ; but onely with more cure precepts to roote out errours which by hu* mane corruption and contra- ry to the mindeof antiquity have crept into religion.. And thefe men carry a moH magnificent (Ijpw of honefty, and reverent wifedoine (^or \v ho but fubtill and induilri- ous 2^6 TheLMtrroHf ous men would venture on fo great a maiter ? ) And laftly, the very defire of innovating and differing from other mien doth almoft alwayes finde a (Multitude of folloivei s. The wrangling of fuch interpre- ters have much more divided the O t H o M A N Princes from the Persian by difference of Siiperftition than by emulation of Em- pire. But what matters it howthofe peop-e peiifhjwho muft needs erre , what fed foever they undertake to fol- low ? But who would not grieue that wee our felves which are borne into the one- ly light, fhouid by the dif- coids of lear^ied men bee ^ miferably diiba'^ed? For fixcteene ages, m which our reli- religions have flourifhed, have brought forth abov^e ait hundred wits , which by a defire of ianovation, and our calamities have gotten them- felvesafame. Whofe procee- dings as I can never excufe (for by too great a fault of ob- ftinacy they tranlgrefTe againll thatmodetlyjin w^^'^ they fee- mcd to begin) To we may not ahvayes /aftiy hate their firH motions. For wealth, floth, and idle fecurity have with aa impotent p ide and other vi- ces overwhelmed all difci- pline among many of us ; and from thence as well the juft indignation of learned men hath bin ftirred, as the pride of bufie bodies , feadowed with the veile of piety^ hath faeene firft fofteredo F^r fome pof- 1 o8 The f^ihrour pofleffcd with |uft forrow hav^e thundered againft it ; o- thers with a fecret ambition have loved the vices of the age,a$ things that would give juft occadon to their com- plaints a ad reparation. They ufetohave both one begin- ning. At ihefirft they queftion not many things , and thofe very fpa. ingly, aHifted by the prayers and exhortations of the b eft men : nor doe they feeme fo much to be angr}^ as to admoniHi, and with fighs to p ofelTe their' gri^fe* But when the) are gotten to the height ol a fa' lion, then with moi e ^reedome doe they prc- voke their adverfaiies,and on both Cidits is Idndlv-d a moft hot & finious emu^av o.Then can they neither mo 'eft y e- nough guida gaideitie foitu'ie of fo great a fame, nor contiaue in thoie fteps, by whichat thefirft they teemed to goe to Uiat godly and good endeavour; but rifing up with a greater pride , they condemiie more things in their ad/crfaries , and with greater vehemen- cy ; eyther becaufe they de- fireV in a miierable ambition, to ^ive their owne names to tha't Se.^ which they have made : or becaufe they durft not betray, but by de- grees, the firft intention ot their feparation ; or elfcbe-. caafe their hatred is more i-acvtedagamft thofe who did too fiercely and unfeafonably contend againft their firft and wholibmereprehenfions. So many that with pious be- ginnings 3 1 o lot Aitrrour ginnings haue entered upon this taske of reformation, have beene afterwards betray- ed by pndc and bitterneUe of cmaiation. But there a-e fome who by a tr«e and flour wifedomeare encouraged to taxe thofe vi- ces, whic^ by the fault of PrieRs have 'liaio wed them- felves undc'- the Cloakc of rehgion. Thefe men, whofe /uft zeale is thus tempered with true modefh^mufl needs be of a fublime and valiant difpodtion, and (which is rare ) not labouring at ail for their owne ends, but the pub- like good* By reproaches, in- juries, and ill fpeeches they areneytherf ftirred to hatred, nor frighted from their good intentions. This is a moft ex- celk-Tt ofMinds^ ill cclletit atchievmeiit^ and a workeoP high vcitue? Far thofe, who are repreheadcd by thein^are feldome waatiag to their vices,nor \o patie^ice can they e.idure a cenfurer. Bat they will find fo.ne glofle to fet upon their villanieSjOr (which is worfe) ftand out in a ftifte defence of them; & en- deavour to bri ng thofe good admonifhers , into an rpi- nion of iacrilegious impiety among the people* But as the rites of begin- ning leligions d:) rely whol- ly upon the induJ.y aid ^^- w»«« of their Fouiders: fb, after they are approved by the pejple, thz/ haae their officers by whom they arc ad- miniftred. Thefe men byfe- verall 1-Tl ThtMirrtUr verall Nations are honoured- with different titles : we call them high Priells, Bifhops, and by other titles of that nature. There is no better Governement then this to prefer ve Religion ; which in- deed was inllituted by the prefeript of Heaven » Thofe among them, which are of a learned and laborious vcrtucj doe indeed uphold the fafety of Religion; thofe that are wicked, doe uphold it, at leaft in fhow, and by vertuc cf then- dignity r Jt was once a function of great labour, and, whilefl our Religion was forbidden by publiiie lawes, of high and extrcame danger : af- terward when the cruelty of our enemies was ouer- come come and extrnguifhcd, that wealth, which was heaped upoa them to uphold the reverence of that dignity, did almoft extinguifh the caufe of reverence. For when temporall wealth and honours were added (as it was fit they fliould be ad- ded) to thofe Divine cal- lings, fo great a burthen beganneto diiperfc them to the Earth, by the default cf thole, who in fuch a rnix-* ture of thefe two, b.eganne to preferre Earth before Hea- ven. It is a fad argument of decaying honefty, that a function of fo great labour and care, which was wont to feekc out for Incumbents, is now fought for with much eageruefic and ambi- tion 114 Thty^irrfiur tionby men, that thinks of nothing lefie then pkty and labour. So this excellent and coe- kftiall dignity is for the moft part ruined hy her owne wealth and ornaments. And to apply a mans minde to thole tundions is for the mcft part to be entent in railing of high and eminent riches. And thofe that are pofiefled of thofe ambitious titles, doe fpend that wealth andticaliirc, which wasfirft given for pub like Hofpitali- t)', upon thti: private wan- tonntfie, which plea'eth it felfe fometimes with a vaine delight in Pidures, fometimes in the curious la- bou- s of other Artificers ; for a modeft forrow would be afha- afliamed to fpeakc of thofe that Ipeiid them ivi worfc things, and plaiae villany. But what madaefleis it not oady to dare to commit thole villanies, but often- times to be ignorant how much they offend ? For they have prayers prelcribed them to God, holy ones indeede, and fuch as they ought not to omit ; but having perfor- med that little taske , they thinke then they owe no- thing to Heaven, and the wealth of their Miters is law- fully bought by them. What ftrange vizards are thefeand fooli/li madnefTe? to thinke* that that fun^ion, which by a daylie and ftri(fV labour thou canft fcarce performe, (hould tr6 The tyffirrsHr fhould be fulfilled by a .flight ^nd perfun<5^ory worke. But if they would feafon their de- lights with this wholefome cogitation, that they are pla- ced in a watch-tow er,and are called Shepheards ; if any of the flieepe -do perifh by their floath, it will proove their owne deftru(5lionj this though perchance would al- lay the licence of their wan- tonnefie, pompe, arid jollity. But all doe not wallow in the fame delights and floath. Some doe abate fomething from the charge of their plea- fures to beftow upon learned men ; themfelves alfo are given to learning, but it is but in a fliort fit, not to laft, ^dfometimes infhowonly. Some fofiieof them ciceattaineto C^od learning, ovticomming (ioath by a happy ftrengtji ci- .wit..JBut thty me that learnirig more in nothjng tiianin mainteining the pri- yiledgcs of that di^aitic which they pcfitfiTe. they J^nd out axgiiincnu ibr in^ nite liberties of their cwne, and their hidden lufts dc^ make them« eieqiient, .py this mean&s while, the) fetme ^o'icpl^e.op oiiely into H'ta*. ven> iiicf :plcade the cau^e oiF God ; thqy.aie fiaktd to the Earth, ,..,;J.;;: ^^\;^ Bur tho/e, that T av^'-aVoy- ded thefe mile hie €s, tW aie cndutd uith a di^ofl- tion fit for their high cat- ^^Sf ^^ doe ufe their pub^ JCic gkc too TheU^irro9if like fplendour to tlie good of the people, and the grace of Divine fervice (as there arc alwaycs fome fuch) thoiC will neither oidure to loofe the priviledges which be- long tu their dignities, nor encroach upon other mens ; fcutin a good contemplation they joyne together how much they can doe, and how much they ought. Thefearc men compofed after the image oftheoldfan^iie propbfti- ^o:iS', the/ ^make'tlfef" de- ceive fairely and with com- mendatioi^ ," althoufji e- videiit argdioeat^ Int/'.briftff credit to that which the/ beleevre true» And I'peaicing oFtheiradveFraries,t^ey doe not traely ^deliver their te- nets, but ,^lpitef^liy turne them, almoft contrary to the fence of the Authors. But that mad defire of controvert fie doth io farre heighten their emulation, that' where they begin a little to' differ, they will afterwards be croffe in all things from thofe men; and thinke ihat a kind of pie- ty. And then , J^s i( thofe nien^ho once fiave erredki could "i^i^--*- ;s-ae is of thofe men whicfe are happie in much know- ledge and erudition, but be- ihg poli(h(4 alf« with ci^ ' "^. " '- viU vill difeiplines, they doe ^ voyd the carcleflc vility: of ? SchoUfticall manacrs : The other of thofe mci whcrfc miades are beat wkjlly up- 01 letters, beia5In^re coa- verfaatin the rotceti fojt- fteps of Aitiquit/ tlni itjt their o;vae Age; Thefe for the moi part arc foDlilli a« broad, aii fordid at hone. For the/kaoTv riot nor care for an/ other Elegaic/ ^ than that folitary elegance, which they receive fro:n coatem- platioi of the Mufes, and had rather ea/o/ it Co, than make toi? ufe o':' it. Yec may yoacohverfe with theft mQa to a great benefit of your fclfe, if you know how, toextra^l: gild oat of their Kk ^ cruic ?t4 tbiUkirrmr crude and formeldfe earth,. and make your feUe txjihinc tothola oraameRts ^ which in them are notfccne^as , covered over with Aiuchdailaad cubbiih*^ ■^ — -^ -^-_>-^- FINI§. •■?«»I7:.*< r^mf. '»;-^} .-:.v^ ■^*^