I 
 

 LIBRAEY 
 
 
 OP THE 
 
 Theological Seminary, 
 
 
 PRINCETON, N.J. 
 
 c 
 
 & 
 i 
 
 BX 5055 .C47 1848 c.l 
 Christmas, Henry, 1811-1868 
 A concise history of the 
 Hampden controversy 
 
Digitized by 
 
 the Internet Archive 
 
 
 
 in 2014 
 
 
 
 https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryofOOchri 
 
A CONCISE HISTORY 
 
 HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
/ 
 
CONCISE HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY, 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 PERIOD OF ITS COMMENCEMENT IN 1332 
 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 
 
 "WITH 
 
 ALL THE DOCUMENTS WHICH HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED, 
 AND A. BRIEF EXAMINATION OP THE "BAMPTON 
 LECTURES" FOR 1832, AND OP THE 
 " OBSERVATIONS ON DISSENT." 
 
 BY THE 
 
 REV. HENRY CHRISTMAS, M.A. F.R.S. F.S.A. 
 
 late op st. John's college, Cambridge. 
 
 LONDON: 
 SMITH, ELDER AND CO. G5, CORNHILL. 
 
 1848. 
 
LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED BY STEWART AND MURRAY, 
 OLD BAILEY. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Hampden Controversy can only be related by 
 its own documents. These are its substance, and it 
 requires but a slender thread of narrative to connect 
 them tog-ether, to point out their relative impor- 
 tance, and to show the bearing- they have one on 
 another. 
 
 It consists, however, of three distinct points ; the 
 soundness or unsoundness of Dr. Hampden's theologi- 
 cal opinions. 
 
 Secondly, The legal right of the convocation of 
 Oxford to pronounce the censure which they did pro- 
 nounce upon his c< Bampton Lectures." 
 
 Thirdly, The expediency of the late nomination to 
 the See of Hereford. 
 
 Out of these, it is true, there spring many other 
 questions touching the rights of the crown, and the 
 nature and tendency of the statute of Praemunire, but 
 they are not so exclusively connected with that which 
 
V1 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 is now called the Hampden Controversy, as to claim 
 any particular consideration in the following- pages. To 
 these three points, then, the writer wishes to confine 
 his attention ; and he trusts that, by attentively 
 examining- the documentary evidence here laid before 
 the reader, it will be found easy to arrive at a right 
 understanding of each. 
 
 Sim College, Jan. 7 th 1848. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Importance of the subject— Dr. Hampden takes his Degree at Oxford- 
 Becomes a Fellow of Oriel College— State of Society there— Dr. 
 Whately — -Blanco White — Dr. Hinds— Dr. Pusey — Messrs. Newman, 
 Keeble, and Hampden— Dr. Copplestone — Dr. Hampden Examiner 
 — Preaches the Bampton Lectures — Rise of the Tractarian party — 
 Its opposition to Dr. Hampden— Mr. Palmer's account of it— Extracts 
 from Blanco White's Letters — Dr. Hampden appointed Professor of 
 Moral Philosophy— Made Head of St. Mary Hall— Takes the degree 
 of D.D.— Publishes his "Observations on Dissent"— Is nominated 
 Regius Professor — Statute passed against him — Illegality of the 
 Statute asserted — Opinion of Lord Campbell and Dr. Lushington — 
 Dr. Hampden placed at the head of the Board of Examiners — 
 Attempt made to obtain repeal of the Statute of 1836 — Failure of the 
 attempt — Death of the Archbishop of York — Translation of Dr. 
 Musgrave to the Archiepiscopal See — Nomination of Dr. Hampden 
 to Hereford 1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Nomination of Dr. Hampden to the sec of Hereford— Protest of the 
 thirteen Bishops— Lord John Russell's reply to the same — History 
 of the Remonstrance— Letter of the Bishops of Norwich and Ripon — 
 Letter of the Bishop of Exeter — Postscript to the same — Corre- 
 spondence referred to — Oxford declaration in favour of Dr. Hampden 
 — Address of the Parishioners of Ewelme — Do. by the Heads of 
 Houses at Oxford— Former proceedings of Dr. Routh — Letter from 
 Lord John Manners— Proceedings against Dr. Hampden instituted 
 in the Court of Arches — Explanatory Letter from the Bishop of 
 Oxford— The Bishop of Salisbury's Letter to the Globe — Declaration 
 of the Archdeaconry of London— Spirit and purport of that Declara- 
 tion — Letter of Dr. Hughes — Letter of Dr. Hampden to Lord John 
 Russell— Letter of Lord John Russell to the Clergy of the Arch- 
 deaconry of Bedford. . 50 
 
via 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Conge" d'elire to the Chapter of Hereford — The Dean's Memorial — Sir G. 
 Grey's reply— The Dean's Letter to Lord John Russell— Lord John 
 Russell's reply — Statute of praemunire— Its penalties— How applicable 
 in the present case — Improbability of its enforcement— Mode in 
 which the Election might be dispensed with— Consecration, how per- 
 formed — Proceedings at Hereford— Adverse votes of Canon Hunting- 
 ford and the Dean— Discussion as to the right of voting— Difficulties 
 as to the validity of the Election — Dr. Hampden declared duly and 
 unanimously elected by the Dean and Chapter— The Dean's protest 
 a nullity— Curious correspondence at Oxford between the Clergy and 
 Churchwarden of St. Thomas's parish. . . . . .116 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Question at issue — Examination of the " Bampton Lectures," and 
 " Observations on Dissent " — Extracts from — TheTrinity — The Atone- 
 ment—Nature of the Socinian Heresy— Necessity of Articles — Dis- 
 tinction between Fact and Doctrine — How applied — Character and ob- 
 ject of the " Bampton Lectures " — Remarks on the Articles — " Obser- 
 vations on Dissent " — The Oxford Statute — Its illegality proved by 
 Lord Campbell, Dr. Lusbington, and Mr. Hull— The Code of 
 Caroline or Laudian Statutes— Expediency of the Nomination — 
 Archdeacon Hale's opinion — Conclusion. . . . .145 
 
A CONCISE HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Importance of the subject — Dr. Hampden takes his Degree at Oxford — 
 Becomes a Fellow of Oriel College — State of Society there— Dr. 
 Whately — Blanco "White — Dr. Hinds — Dr. Pusey — Messrs. Newman, 
 Keeble, and Hampden— Dr. Copplestone— Dr. Hampden Examiner — 
 Preaches the Bampton Lectures — Rise of the Tractarian party — Its 
 opposition to Dr. Hampden — Mr. Palmer's account of it — Extracts 
 from Blanco White's Letters — Dr. Hampden appointed Professor of 
 Moral Philosophy — Made Head of St. Mary Hall — Takes the degree 
 of D.D. — Publishes his observations on Dissent— Is nominated llegius 
 Professor — Statute passed against him — Illegality of the statute 
 asserted— Opinion of Lord Campbell and Dr. Lushington— Dr. Hamp- 
 den placed at the head of the Board of Examiners— Attempt made to 
 obtain a repeal of the statute of 183G — Failure of the attempt — Death 
 of the Archbishop of York — Translation of Dr. Musgrave to the archi- 
 episcopal see— Nomination of Dr. Hampden to Hereford. 
 
 It may appear presumptuous to give so imposing- a 
 title to so brief a sketch as the present, but it is 
 difficult to find one more suited to the subject. The 
 attention of the public has been called to a recent act 
 of the Government, and the propriety of that act lias 
 been formally called in question by those who appear 
 most competent to judge. Yet the opinions alike of 
 the clergy and laity seem so divided, and so few com- 
 parative^ have the facts of the case before them, that 
 the attempt to collect the chief documents, and to 
 relate the principal events which have led to the ex- 
 isting- controversy, can hardly require an apology. 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 By so doing, the writer may give the laity some in- 
 formation not always to be easily obtained in a concise 
 form; may reach the ears of his brethren, the clergy; 
 may be (however humbly) the means of dissipating 
 the fears which some, for want of knowing those 
 facts, feel and avoid, and may point out some dan- 
 gers which do really menace the Church, and the 
 sources from which those dangers proceed. 
 
 In order to do this, it will be necessar}' briefly to 
 pass in review the chief circumstances which have led 
 to the existing- controversy ; and it must be admitted 
 that it can only be looked upon as a part of one still 
 greater, an episode in the great Tractarian epic. 
 
 In the year 1813, Mr. Renn Dickson Hampden, then 
 an undergraduate member, and subsequently a fellow of 
 Oriel College, obtained the honours of a " double first," 
 i.e. he was both in the first class, u in Uteris humani- 
 oribus" and " in disciplinis physicis et mathematieis" 
 and as no other person obtained at that examination 
 (Mich. Term) the same distinction, he may fairly be 
 considered the first man of the seventy-five who then 
 graduated. In the following year, he obtained the 
 prize for the Latin essay, served subsequently the usual 
 offices in his college and the University, and waja 
 appointed examiner in the years 1829, 1830, and 1831. 
 
 The society at Oriel College was at that period of 
 a peculiarly interesting character. Dr. Whately had 
 just become Archbishop of Dublin. Dr. Pusej- had 
 gradually laid aside Neology, and was commencing* 
 that course of re-action which has finally led him to 
 his present position. Mr. Newman was following in 
 the same direction ; and the too celebrated Blanco 
 White was hurrying- on with rapid strides towards 
 that state of scepticism in which he died. A society 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 3 
 
 with such members, boasting' the piety and poetry of 
 a Keeble, the log-ical precision and metaphysical 
 acuteness of a Hampden, and presided over by so 
 distinguished a prelate as Dr. Copplestone, could not 
 fail to exercise a powerful influence over the mind of 
 the University, and none more clearly perceived how 
 widely its distractions were likely to compromise the 
 peace of the Church than Dr. Hampden himself, 
 when he was called upon, in 1832, to preach the 
 Bampton Lectures. It would seem as though he 
 saw the g-erm of tractarianism developing- itself, day 
 by day ; the dang-ers which it threatened ; its reliance 
 on forms ; its claim of powers for the priesthood more 
 than the spirit of Protestantism warranted ; its new 
 and strange doctrines concerning- the sacraments ; 
 its long-ing- looks towards Rome ; and, above all, its 
 illiberality of spirit, and the prostration of intellect 
 which it required. He at once perceived that an 
 opportunity was put into his hands of neutralizing-, in 
 some deg-ree, these evils, without entering- the lists as a 
 controversialist, and he readily availed himself of it. 
 
 The lectures were immediately attacked by those 
 members who subsequently formed the g-reat tracta- 
 rian party. The lecturer had broug-ht forward a 
 class of truths which they wished to keep back. He 
 entered into an examination of the scholastic theo- 
 log-y ; investig-ated its phraseology, and indicated the 
 causes which led to the adoption thereof; and this 
 he did with so much skill and learning-, but with 
 what they considered so many evidences of unsound- 
 ness, that while they saw in Dr. Hampden an adver- 
 saiy, only the more formidable, because he chose rather 
 to exhibit in strong- relief that which he deemed to be 
 the truth, than to combat more directly their errors ; 
 
 b 2 
 
4 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 yet the}- believed it to be their bounden duty to expose 
 and extirpate the heresy which they imagined they 
 had found in his works. 
 
 The title of the volume of Lectures for 1832* was — 
 
 u The Scholastic Philosophy Considered in its 
 Relation to Christian Theology, in a Course of 
 Lectures Delivered before the University of Oxford, 
 in the Year 1832. At the Lecture founded by John 
 Bampton, M.A., Canon of Salisbury, By R. D. 
 Hampden, M.A.— London: Fellowes, 1832. 
 
 In the course of these lectures the author distin- 
 guished between religion and theology, describing - the 
 one as the spirit pervading* every thought, word, and 
 action of a good man, and the latter as the system of 
 doctrines which human intellect deduced from the 
 Word of God. Things asserted in Scripture, whether 
 historical or doctrinal, he calls facts ; and as facts 
 they must be ranked, because they are truths revealed 
 by Divine authority. Inferences from those facts he 
 distinguishes by the name of doctrines ; and while he 
 contends for the necessity of receiving the one, he does 
 not consent that the others should be put in the same 
 category. The}' may be true — they may be most 
 important : the theology which denies them may be 
 very deficient, and utterly unphilosophical ; but yet, 
 because they are the deductions of human reason, 
 albeit from Divine premises, Dr. Hampden will not 
 allow them the same authority as the actual assertions 
 of inspiration itself. To take a familiar instance : 
 Let the question be put to a person who agreed with 
 the Eegius Professor, What are your opinions with 
 
 * A more extended examination of the Bampton Lectures, the In- 
 augural Lecture, and the Observations on Dissent, will be given in the 
 fourth chapter ; it is omitted here in order that the continuity of the 
 narrative may be better preserved. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 5 
 
 respect to the Athanasian creed, and its damnatory 
 clauses? His answer might be framed thus : — 
 " I apprehend, that having- carefully studied the con- 
 troversies among which that creed took its rise, know- 
 ing the errors that it was intended to prevent, and 
 understanding therefore its purport and tendency, I 
 can and do give my unqualified assent to it. But I 
 am not therefore entitled to denounce damnation 
 against those myriads and millions who do not under- 
 stand, and therefore cannot believe it. The damnatory 
 clauses I do not consider a part of the creed, and do 
 not feel myself called upon either to express or enter- 
 tain any theory about them at all." Such would be 
 the manner in which a disciple of Dr. Hampden 
 would probably reply ; and the writer of this sketch 
 ventures here to place on record his deliberate opinion, 
 that not twenty clergymen could be found who, if they 
 were hard pressed, would not avow themselves of the 
 same mind.* For if an illiterate person, who can 
 hardly be expected to understand all the metaphysical 
 doctrines laid down in that creed, be asked whether 
 he believe it or not, and he reply in the affirmative, 
 he cannot be supposed to mean more than this : that 
 he assents to its correctness on the faith of another — 
 for that, of himself, he does not understand, and cannot 
 either believe or disbelieve it. But let some pious 
 Dissenter, who imagines that he does understand it, 
 and finds some positions laid down therein with which 
 he cannot coincide, be asked the same question, and 
 let him reply, as thousands would, " I believe the 
 doctrine of the Trinity ; I believe the incarnation of 
 the Lord ; I believe his divine nature and efficacious 
 
 * The same view has been entertained by Abp. Seeker, by Whcatley, 
 Waterland, Dodwell, Tomline, and many others of our most eminent 
 divines. 
 
6 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 redemption ; and I believe in the distinct personality 
 of the Holy Ghost ; — but I will not pledge myself to 
 the metaphysics of the Athanasian creed, for I believe 
 them to be erroneous.'" It would be indeed no very 
 Christian theory to say, that therefore he must perish 
 everlasting'l}'. 
 
 It is objected to the Professor, that he speaks of 
 the phraseology of both it and the Nicene creed, " as 
 being- founded on unphilosophical and unscriptural 
 notions." This is more than he really does say. He 
 only says—" If it be admitted that," &c. &c. But 
 had he expressed his own opinion to be so, it does not 
 follow that he therefore brands the creeds themselves 
 with being' unphilosophical and unscriptural. The 
 "notions" referred to are only to be ascertained by 
 means of deep erudition and laborious research, and 
 the divine wisdom overruled those erroneous "notions" 
 and elicited from those who held them a scriptural 
 and philosophical creed. The creed-mahers might be 
 wrong' in their metaphysics ; but the g'reat head of 
 the Church preserved the truth in the creeds ; or, 
 to use Dr. Hampden's own views on the subject, 
 u Orthodoxy was forced to speak the Divine Truth in 
 the terms of Heretical speculation, if it were only to 
 g'uard ag'ainst the novelties which the heretic had 
 introduced. It was the necessity of the case that 
 compelled the orthodox, as the} r freely admit, to 
 employ a phraseology by which, as experience proves, 
 the naked truth of God has been overborne and ob- 
 scured." — Bamf ton Lectures, p. 37 G. 
 
 Dr. Hampden followed up in 1834 these lectures 
 with some "observations on dissent," in which the 
 principles he had previousl}' enunciated were carried 
 out to their legitimate consequences, and thus he was 
 naturally looked upon as an opponent by the trac- 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 7 
 
 tarians, who now began that series of works which 
 has since given them a name, — as they proceeded, his 
 preaching - and teaching- would naturally be found 
 more and more in antagonism with theirs, and as 
 they circulated their opinions through the great 
 body of the clergy, so would a spirit of opposition 
 be spread and fostered against Dr. Hampden. 
 
 But with the governing body of the University 
 this spirit found but little favour, the Chancellor, 
 Lord Grenville, in the following year placed Dr. 
 Hampden at the head of St. Mary Hall, and this 
 was done with the approbation of the heads of 
 houses. The obnoxious works were then known, 
 the dangerous lectures had been delivered, but no 
 murmur of disapprobation arose, no petitions, pro- 
 tests, or remonstrances were presented to the Chan- 
 cellor, who, as the head of the University, and elected 
 by its members, was certainly far more bound to 
 them than the Crown could be. 
 
 Nor is this all. In 1834, White's Lectureship 
 in Moral Philosophy became vacant, and the Vice- 
 Chancellor, (Dr. Rowley), the Proctors, and the heads 
 of Christ Church, Magdalene, and St. John's, Drs. 
 Gaisford, Routh, and Wynter, in whose hands the 
 power of election Avas lodged, unanimously chose 
 Dr. Hampden, the very condition of election being 
 that the party chosen should be distinguished by 
 the soundness of his religion — religionis sinceritate 
 commendatus ! Again, no word of protest, no secret 
 cabal, no formal remonstrance. 
 
 Now, as no reasons have ever been given for 
 this most ominous silence, there would appear to 
 be some grounds for what the friends of Dr. 
 Hampden so boldly assert, viz., that his enemies, 
 or rather opponents, did not bring their cause before 
 
8 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 the Chancellor of their own University, or before a 
 hotly in which the heads of houses were predo- 
 minant ; for in these cases there was no excitable 
 element to work upon, no show of disinterestedness 
 to be made, no minister to threaten, no charge of 
 tyranny or State interference to be brought forward; 
 
 Two years passed on, the Tract writers increased 
 in boldness, and the Tractarian part}' became stronger, 
 when the death of Dr. -Burton, the amiable and 
 learned Regius Professor of divinity, created a 
 vacancy in the highest theological chair. The 
 King's Government immediately nominated Dr. 
 Hampden, and a very curious anecdote was cir- 
 culated shortly afterwards, which shows plainly 
 what was the opinion held of Dr. Hampden's 
 prospects at that time, by those most qualified to 
 judge. When in 1 837, the See of Salisbury became 
 vacant, an application is said to have been made 
 by a person of weight and influence, on behalf of Mr. 
 now Dr. Denison, the present bishop of that see, not 
 for the vacant mitre, but for the expected vacancy 
 in the theological chair, it being supposed that Dr. 
 Hampden would at once be named to the former. 
 The reply is stated to have been that his Majesty's 
 Government were perfectly satisfied of Dr. Hamp- 
 den's qualifications, but they considered it inex- 
 pedient at that time to nominate him to a bishopric, 
 and it was added that Mr. Denison's own merits 
 were quite adequate to the higher appointment. 
 Rightly, however, to understand this anecdote, we 
 must go back to the year 183G, and to the ap- 
 pointment of the head of St. Mary Hall to the 
 Regius Professorship. 
 
 Four years, it must be remembered, had elapsed 
 since the preaching- of the Bampton lectures, and 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 9 
 
 during- that interval a professorship and the head- 
 ship of a college had been conferred on Dr. Hamp- 
 den ; but during- all this period the Tractarian party 
 had not been idle, and found themselves now strong 
 enough, as they imagined, to beat down their ad- 
 versary, and a favourable juncture for so doing-. 
 
 Meetings were held at Corpus Christi College, 
 and a committee was appointed, consisting of Mr. 
 Newman, Dr. Pusey, Mr. Sewell, Mr. Greswell, 
 and Mr. Yaughan Thomas, and, I thinlc, no one 
 who knows anything of the state of Oxford at the 
 time, no one at all acquainted with the tactics of 
 the Tractarians, will hesitate as to the designation 
 to be given to such a committee. 
 
 It will be, however, but fair, to let Mr. Palmer 
 speak for himself and his friends. He says — 
 
 " It was in 1836 that the discussions consequent on the 
 appointment of Dr. Hampden to the chair of Divinity at 
 Oxford took place. This movement has been generally, but 
 rather erroneously, attributed to the leaders of the Tract 
 Association ; they only took some share in it. Dr. Hampden 
 had preached the Bampton Lectures in 1832 ; and an ad- 
 mirable theologian, who heard the concluding discourses, 
 agreed with me that their tendency was decidedly ra- 
 tionalistic j that they went to the extent of represent- 
 ing our articles of faith and our creeds as based on 
 merely human and uncertain theories. The publication of 
 these lectures was unusually protracted. In 1834, on the occa- 
 sion of the attempt made to force Dissenters on the Univer- 
 sities, Dr. Hampden published his pamphlet on Dissent, in 
 which the boldest latitudinarianism was openly avowed, and 
 Socinians were placed on a level with all other Christians. 
 If any doubt could have existed on the tendency of the 
 Bampton Lectures, it would have been removed by the clue 
 
 to Dr. Hampden's views furnished by this pamphlet 
 
 In 1834, soon after the appearance of the pamphlet, the 
 
10 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 friend mentioned above urged on me the necessity of some 
 protest against Dr. Hampden's doctrines being made, lest 
 impunity might lead to a repetition of similar attempts 
 against the Articles. It seemed to me, however, that any 
 such measure might be productive of harm, in drawing public 
 attention to statements which, appearing, as they did, in by 
 no means a popular form, would probably attract but little 
 notice. Thus stood matters when, early in 1836, Dr. Bur- 
 ton, Regius Professor of Divinity, died. The University was 
 not long in suspense as to his successor. In a few days we 
 were electrified by the intelligence that Dr. Hampden was to 
 be appointed to the vacant chair. ... A meeting was held 
 in Corpus Christi common-room, where we elected as our 
 chairman the Rev. Vaughan Thomas, B.D., on whom the 
 independent party had previously fixed, as eminently quali- 
 fied for the office by his experience, habits of business, ability, 
 eloquence, soundness and firmness of principle, and freedom 
 from party connexions. Our petition to the throne against 
 this appointment was rejected, and Dr. Hampden became 
 professor. We met again, and petitioned the heads of houses 
 to bring before Convocation a censure of the errors advanced 
 in Dr. Hampden's writings. It had been previously ascer- 
 tained that the Professor refused to retract a single iota of his 
 doctrines. Again and again was our petition rejected by the 
 majority of the board of the heads of houses, and again did 
 we return to the contest with increased numbers and deter- 
 mination. All divisions and jealousies were forgotten in this 
 noble effort. It was at length successful to a certain extent, 
 and the Heads of Houses concurred in bringing forward a cen- 
 sure on Dr. Hampden (a different measure, however, from 
 what we had desired), which was passed in Convocation by 
 an overwhelming majority. 
 
 u That this movement was not guided by the Tract writers 
 may be gathered from the fact, that the Principal of Brase- 
 nose College, afterwards Lord Bishop of Chichester, was the 
 firm and persevering leader of our cause among the heads of 
 houses, while the permanent committee appointed to prepare 
 our addresses comprised four members, who were either 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 11 
 
 opposed to or in no degree connected with the tracts — viz., 
 the llev. Vaughan Thomas, B.D. ; the Rev. John Hill, 
 M.A., of St. Edmund-hall ; the Rev. Edward Greswell, 
 B.D., of Corpus Christi; and the Rev. W. Sewell, M.A., of 
 Exeter College. Mr. Newman and Dr. Pusey were the 
 other members of the committee, the latter of whom it was 
 essential to appoint in consideration of his rank in the 
 University. 
 
 " The condemnation of Dr. Hampden, then, was not car- 
 ried by the tract writers; it was carried by the independent 
 body of the University. The fact is, that, had those writers 
 taken any leading part, the measure would have been a total 
 failure ; for the number of their friends at that time bore a 
 very small proportion to the University at large, and there 
 was a general feeling of distrust in the soundness of their 
 views." — Narrative, Pp. 27-30. 
 
 Let it not, however, be forgotten, that Mr. Sewell 
 and Mr Greswell were decidedly partisans of the 
 Tract Association, if not " connected" therewith, and 
 the only person " opjwsecl" to it Avas the Rev. 
 Vaughan Thomas. Strict impartiality will be the 
 only excuse for extracting* the following- passages 
 from Blanco White's diary, otherwise objectionable 
 from its personality : — 
 
 " They venture to appeal to acts of private kindness done 
 to Dr. Hampden, it seems, during this unrelenting attack. 
 If Dr. Hampden has accepted them, his unsuspecting nature 
 alone is to blame. But the refined insolence of such a boast 
 is intolerable. This is exactly like the kindness and indul- 
 gence bestowed in foreign countries upon persons already 
 condemned to die ; an indulgence which the Inquisition 
 would use in certain cases. The inquisitors used to show the 
 greatest distress when they delivered the condemned heretic 
 to be burnt. Among these persecutors, I pity no one but 
 Newman. Vaughan Thomas is a hardened politician ; Pusey 
 is a vain man ; Newman's deceiving pride is more deeply 
 seated, and more difficult to be suspected by himself than the 
 
12 
 
 A CONCrSE HISTORY OF 
 
 sources of the other's practical error. When will it please 
 Heaven to put an end to all priesthoods? There is no peace 
 for civilized mankind till then." 
 
 " The worldly priest seeks out the proud mystic, and the 
 jealous, weak-minded, and ambitious man of literary preten- 
 sions ; they mutually flatter each other ; yield to each other, 
 in order to form a powerful coalition, which is to trample 
 under foot a worthy man, whose knowledge in the same line 
 as theirs they affect to despise because they envy it." 
 
 " These men will, on this day, about the same hour that I 
 am writing this, leave the Convocation house, triumphant 
 over an excellent, learned, and talented man. They will 
 obtain that triumph in the name of a Church of which, in 
 fact, they are the most formidable enemies ; for the theologi- 
 cal principles of Newman, which Vaughan Thomas winks at 
 for political purposes, must lead every sensible and consistent 
 man to the Church of Rome. They will pass public censure 
 on a man untried by any legally constituted tribunal."* 
 
 The last passage is remarkable ; it shows the 
 opinion of an unquestionably able man, on the legality 
 of the tribunal, and the judgment passed on Mr. 
 Newman's tenets is well worthy of note. 
 
 A petition was presented to the Crown against the 
 appointment, and, as might have been expected, 
 met with no favour, the heads of houses were urged 
 repeatedly to condemn the tenets of the Bampton 
 lectures, and they as repeatedly refused. " Again 
 did we return to the contest with increased numbers 
 and determination. All jealousies and divisions Avere 
 forgotten in this noble effort" says Mr. Palmer. 
 The result was that the heads of houses at last per- 
 mitted a vote of censure to be proposed in convocation, 
 and it was carried by a considerable majority. This 
 censure took the form of a statute, it asserts that 
 
 * Life of J. Blanco White, London, 1845. Vol. ii. p. 222. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 13 
 
 the University has no confidence in Dr. Hampden's 
 teaching, deprives him of his place at the board 
 for the election of select preachers, &c, releases 
 undergraduates studying theology from attendance 
 on his lectures, and appoints other professors whose 
 lectures may be attended instead.* It cannot be 
 denied that this is a most severe condemnation, but 
 before we allow our minds to be impressed by the 
 solemnity of this decree, impartiality requires that 
 we take leave to examine the constitution of the 
 University a little, and Ave shall then see that the 
 statute is an illegal one, a decree which, even if they 
 who by their numbers carried it were competent 
 by ability and erudition to pass, they were at 
 the same time not empowered to do it save by the 
 consent and with the authority of the Crown. That 
 the members of convocation had no legal right to 
 do what they did is proved by Dr. Lushington, 
 Lord Campbell, and Mr. Winstanley Hull. 
 
 It will be needful to give " the case" with the 
 opinions which is therefore subjoined : — 
 
 CASE. 
 
 OPINION OF THE ATTORNEY- GENERAL, (NOW LORD CAMP- 
 BELL,) AND DR. LUSHINGTON. 
 
 " Query. — 1. Do the King's letters patent, authorizing the 
 adoption of the Caroline code of statutes, amount in law to a 
 charter, and is the acceptance by the University of such a 
 nature as to bind them to the strict observance of the whole 
 code ? 
 
 "Opinion. — 1. We are of opinion that the King's letters- 
 patent, authorizing the adoption of the Caroline code of 
 statutes, are, in legal contemplation, a charter, and that the 
 
 * In the fourth chapter, this statute will be given at length, with a 
 translation and some remarks on its character and consistency with the 
 constitution of the University. 
 
14 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 University of Oxford accepted the same. There being 
 nothing in those statutes to show that the University should 
 have an option to accept in part, and reject in part, we think 
 the whole body of statutes was accepted, and, consequently, 
 that they are binding on the University. 
 
 " Q. — 2. Can any usage subsequent to 1759 (the date of 
 Mr. Morton's and Mr. Wilbraham's opinion), if usage exist, 
 control the effect of the statutes? 
 
 " O. — 2. We are of opinion that no usage subsequent to 
 1759 can control the effect of the statutes. 
 
 " Q. — 3. What power, if any, does the University possess 
 of abrogating or altering the Caroline statutes, or any other 
 existing statutes which may have passed prior thereto ? 
 
 " O. — 3. We think that the University possesses such 
 power of abrogating and altering the statutes as is conferred 
 by the statutes themselves, and, further, such power of mak- 
 ing or altering statutes as existed by usage prior to 1636, and 
 is not inconsistent with, or contrary to, the Caroline statutes. 
 
 " Q. — 4. Are you of opinion that the proposed statute 
 hereto annexed can be lawfully passed by the Convocation ? 
 
 " O. — 4. As a material part of the proposed statute appears 
 to us to be inconsistent with the Caroline statutes, we are of 
 opinion that it cannot legally be passed by the Convocation, 
 without the consent of the Crown. 
 
 (Signed) "J.Campbell. 
 
 " S. LUSHINGTON." 
 
 "Temple, April 30, 1836. 
 
 Another case in which the technicalities are more 
 largely drawn up was presented, and received a simi- 
 lar reply. The competenc}" of the tribunal in any 
 other point of view is more than doubtful. The whole 
 proceeding - has been well described as " a tumultuous 
 vote of convocation." Country clergymen, curates 
 and assistant curates — few of whom ever professed 
 to have read Dr. Hampden's works — flocked to the 
 Convocation House at the call of the gentlemen whose 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 15 
 
 names have been given, and trusting- that men so 
 learned, so wise, and so pious, would not, nay, could 
 not mislead them, voted Dr. Hampden a heretic and 
 a dangerous person, and then went down again to 
 their former pursuits, and forgot the persecuted 
 Professor, till Lord John Eussell proposed him for 
 a bishopric. Had the wise and practical advice of 
 the present Archdeacon of London been taken then, 
 the University of Oxford would not now have been 
 in that very unpleasant position in which Lord John 
 Eussell has been obliged to place it. An equally 
 foolish step, and against the same sound advice, 
 was taken with regard to Mr. Ward, and the Uni- 
 versity was again placed in an equally false 
 position. 
 
 Dr. Hampden, of course, protested against the 
 statute, and attached to his protest the opinion of 
 the before - named eminent jurists, and who had 
 declared it illegal. 
 
 November 29, 1838. 
 " To the Eev. the Vice-Chancellor. 
 " Mr. Vice-Chancellor, — As the Queen's Professor of Di- 
 vinity in this University, I feel myself, out of duty to her 
 Majesty, and a just sense of my own liberty as an English- 
 man, obliged once more and finally to protest against the 
 statute of May, 1836, by which, under cover of an enactment 
 for the good of the University, I have been deprived of 
 certain rights attached to my office, without any legal gvounds 
 for such proceeding, either in the constitution of the University 
 or in the laws of the land — without precedent, and without even 
 those forms of inquiry which the laws exact for the humblest 
 iridividual. 
 
 " I do, accordingly, once more solemnly protest against that 
 statute. I further subjoin the reasons alleged on a former 
 occasion against the nomination of select preachers under 
 
16 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 that statute, together with the opinion of counsel against its 
 legality : — 
 
 " 1. Because that nomination has been made without my 
 presence or concurrence ; whereas, by the statute establishing 
 the select preachers, the Regius Professor of Divinity is con- 
 stituted a member of the board by which they are to be 
 nominated. 
 
 "2. Because the statute of 1836, depriving the Regius 
 Professor of Divinity of his place at that board, is illegal, as 
 transgressing the royal charter accepted by the University 
 in 1636, and is also in violation of the oath by which mem- 
 bers of the University are bound to the maintenance of that 
 charter. 
 
 " 3. Because the rights of my office have been violently 
 infringed by such a nomination. 
 
 " 4. Because, if even it were in the power of the Univer- 
 sity to inflict a penalty on the Regius Professor of Divinity, 
 such penalty could not legally be inflicted excepted for mis- 
 conduct in his office. 
 
 " 5. Because a primlegium, or a law against an individual, 
 is contrary to the principle of all law. 
 
 " 6. Because it is my bounden duty to guard the prero- 
 gative of the Crown, so far as my office is concerned, from 
 diminution or disrespect ; and it is evident that the Queen's 
 Majesty has been insulted in an insult to her professor." 
 R. D. Hampden, 
 
 Regius Professor of Divinity. 
 Christ Church, Oxford, Nov. 28, 1838. 
 
 " "We think the statute of 1836 is illegal, as violating the 
 restrictions imposed by the Laudian Code, and as passed by 
 the assumption and exercise of a power which has not been 
 conceded to the University. 
 
 (Signed) " J. Campbell. 
 
 "Stephen Lushing! on. 
 
 " William Winstanley Hull." 
 
 "Temple, Dec. 17, 1836. 
 
 On this occasion the Professor addressed a letter 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 17 
 
 to liis Grace the Lord Primate, which is here sab* 
 joined; as well as his Grnce's reply : — 
 
 Dr. Hampden to the Lord Archbishop of 
 Canterbury. 
 
 My Lord Archbishop, — Having seen for the first time 
 in the public papers of yesterday a memorial to his Majesty, 
 from certain members of the University of Oxford, sent to 
 your Grace, I beg leave most respectfully to address myself 
 to your Grace on the subject. 
 
 I trust I shall be fully believed when I affirm, as I do in 
 the most solemn manner, that I have had no thought, in any- 
 thing that I have said or written on theological subjects, but 
 to uphold, to the best of my ability, the doctrines and estab- 
 lished formularies of the Church of England. 
 
 My Bampton Lectures are simply a history of the tech- 
 nical terms of theology ; nor have they the slightest tendency, 
 in my view and intention, to impugn the vital truths of 
 Christianity. My pamphlet, entitled " Observations on Re- 
 ligious Dissent," had no other design but to induce a chari- 
 table construction of the views of those who differ from us. 
 Nothing could have been more painfully shocking to my 
 feelings than the connexion of my name with the opinions 
 which I detest. I may be indulged on this occasion with 
 saying, that a belief in the great rvealed truths of the 
 Trinity and the Incarnation has been my stay through life ; 
 and I utterly disclaim the imputation of inculcating any 
 doctrines at variance with these great foundations of Chris- 
 tian hope. 
 
 I do not pretend, my lord, always to have stated my 
 views with the precision and clearness that I could have 
 wished ; nor do I venture to assert that I have avoided all 
 mistakes in what I have said, or that I have always taken the 
 best method of teaching the truth. 
 
 What I wish to ingress on your Grace is, that I have 
 studied to declare it ; and, in doing so, to maintain the Arti- 
 cles of the Church. As some evidence of this, I would refer 
 
 C 
 
18 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 to my volume of Parochial Sermons, which has never been 
 attacked. 
 
 I have written, therefore, humbly to request that your 
 Grace will give me a hearing, if there be anything alleged 
 against me which appears to demand an explanation on my 
 part. 
 
 May I be allowed also to say, that in undertaking] the 
 responsible office of Regius Professor of Divinity, my heart- 
 felt desire is to acepjit myself faithfully of my duty as a mem- 
 ber of the church of Christ, to whom a high trust has been 
 committed; and to take peculiar care never to do or say 
 what may injure the sacred cause to which I have devoted 
 myself. I would further earnestly embrace this opportunity 
 of stating that I am most ready, as in duty bound, to receive 
 any admonition from your Grace as to the most effectual 
 mode of discharging the office. 
 
 I feel confident that the Bishop of Llandaff, who has 
 long known me, will bear testimony to the sincerity with 
 which I express these sentiments. 
 
 I have the honour to remain, my lord, with the greatest 
 respect, your Grace's faithful humble servant. 
 
 (Signed) R. D. Hampden. 
 
 St. Mary Hall, Oxford, Feb. 27, 1836. 
 
 P.S. — I have written this letter from London ; but I have 
 dated it from my residence, as I shall return to Oxford to- 
 morrow, and there await the favour of an answer from your 
 Grace. 
 
 Answer of Dr. Howley, Abp. of Canterbury, to 
 Dr. Hampden. 
 
 Lambeth, March 1, 1835. 
 Reverend Sir, — I have to acknowledge your letter of 
 the 27th of last month, and feeling that it would be no less 
 painful than useless to enter on a discussion of the subjects 
 to which it relates, I shall touch on those points only to 
 which you more particularly call my attention. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 19 
 
 You express your " trust that you shall be fully believed 
 when you affirm, as you do in the most solemn manner, that 
 you have had no thought in anything that you have ever said 
 or written on theological subjects, but, to uphold, to the best 
 of your ability, the doctrines and established formularies of 
 the Church of England ; that your Bampton Lectures are 
 simply a history of the technical terms of theology, nor have 
 they the slightest tendency, in your view and intention, to 
 impugn the vital truths of Christianity.' 
 
 To this affirmation I cannot refuse credit : but the ques- 
 tion turns, according to my apprehension, not on your views 
 and intentions, of which you are the proper judge, but on 
 the impression which certain parts of your writings are cal- 
 culated to make, and have actually made, on the minds of 
 common readers, as well as of persons well versed in theo- 
 logy. 
 
 You proceed to " request that I would give you a hear- 
 ing if there be anything alleged against you which appears 
 to demand explanation on your part." In respect to this, it 
 is evident that explanations, if necessary, should be given to 
 the University rather than to me, as I have not authority to 
 pronounce judicially, and my private opinion would have 
 little weight in a matter on which any ordinary divine is 
 qualified to judge for himself. 
 
 You further " state your readiness to receive any admo- 
 nition from me as to the most effectual mode of discharging 
 the office." This I conceive is unnecessary : you doubtless 
 fully understand the nature of the instruction required from 
 a professor of divinity in our Church ; and the system of 
 teaching adopted by your immediate predecessors, the late 
 Bishop of Oxford, and Dr. Burton, has received the general 
 approbation of the Church and the University. 
 
 In the assurance that you will not suspect me of any 
 unkind feeling, or want of personal respect towards you, I 
 remain, reverend Sir, your humble and obedient servant, 
 (Signed) W. Cantuar. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Hampden. 
 
20 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 The Professor claimed again and again to be heard ; 
 he demanded a fair trial, but his adversaries were too 
 astute to grant his request — they did not wish that 
 their proceedings should be stultified by the voice 
 of judicial integrity, and the Professor continued, 
 and continues, to lie under the stigma (if it be one) 
 of this " solemn decree" as the Bishop of Exeter 
 calls it. 
 
 In the course of the year 1837, Lord Melbourne, 
 then at the head of Her Majesty's government, stated 
 in the House of Lords, his conviction, that nothing in 
 Dr. Hampden's writings was open to blame, and that 
 the persons who petitioned him against the Regius 
 Professor, appeared to him " totally ignorant of Dr. 
 Hampden's writings." Now it may just be observed 
 here, that Lord Melbourne's opinions are not those of 
 a mere sciolist, but of a profound and accomplished 
 scholar ; and the late venerable and venerated Arch- 
 deacon Dealtry has frequently told the writer, that he 
 considered his lordship deeply read in theology. It 
 is not, however, for the purpose of holding out Lord 
 Melbourne as a sort of Lay Divinity Professor that 
 this circumstance is mentioned, because the observa- 
 tions called forth a reply from the venerable Primate, 
 who, while he declined entering into the question of 
 Dr. Hampden's orthodoxy, admitted, that he thought 
 the appointment an injudicious one, and that he had 
 himself made some representations to the government 
 on the subject. These remarks drew forth from the 
 Professor a letter to the Archbishop ; and this elicited 
 a reply, in which his Grace explicitly limits his 
 objections to the time at which the appointment took 
 place, and disclaims all personal hostility. In a sub- 
 sequent letter he gives the Professor credit for having 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 •21 
 
 intended nothing" but what was perfectly orthodox. It 
 would be presumpion to make any further remarks on 
 this correspondence, save that the straightforward 
 manly sincerity of Dr. Hampden, and his earnest desire 
 to bring 1 to a tangible form the acsusations brougdit 
 ag-ainst him are manifest in every line; but as the 
 whole correspondence; painful as it is, is yet most im- 
 portant to the right understanding" of the case, we 
 shall give first, Lord Melbourne's remarks, and the 
 Primate's reply, premising- that his Grace considered 
 himself aimed at by the noble viscount's observations. 
 
 " I certainly do not think that there is anything to be con- 
 demned in the writings of Dr. Hampden. They are upon 
 points of extremely recondite and difficult scholastic learning. 
 V ery few of your lordships, indeed, have the means of forming 
 any sound opinion upon such extremely nice, abstruse, and 
 obscure points as those. With respect to an intimation that 
 was made to me upon the subject, from the University of 
 Oxford, it seemed to me to have been made by persons who 
 were utterly ignorant of the writings of Dr. Hampden. I 
 know very little upon the subject, and yet I believe I know 
 more than those who have opposed the doctor's nomination." 
 The Primate rose to reply, and spoke as follows : — 
 
 " I should not have risen to say one word upon the mo- 
 tion, were it not for an observation which has fallen from the 
 noble viscount, the first lord of the treasury. I am certain 
 that the noble viscount did not mean any disrespect to cer- 
 tain persons who waited on him relative to the appointment 
 of Dr. Hampden to the Regius Professorship, when he 
 stated, that they appeared totally ignorant of the subject. I 
 will not say whether I am ignorant of theology or not, or 
 whether I am more ignorant of it than the noble viscount 
 professes to be ; neither will I now allude to the opinions of 
 Dr. Hampden. Those opinions were announced in several 
 publications, and I believe they gave dissatisfaction in va- 
 rious quarters. They were, however, of a totally different 
 
22 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 character from the opinions which produced the Reforma- 
 tion and the views of Mr. Locke. The question was, were 
 the opinions maintained by Dr. Hampden consistent with 
 the doctrines of the Church of England? Upon this point 
 I will abstain from making any observation now. I will not 
 attempt to go into the subject. But I felt it my duly to 
 make some representations to the first lord of the treasury 
 upon the appointment ; and I appeal to those ministers who 
 were in power previous to the present ministry — I appeal to 
 the noble duke and to a noble friend of mine who has just 
 left the house, if I ever, upon any occasion, stood in the way 
 of any man's preferment in the church ? Nothing but a 
 sense of duty could induce me to remonstrate against this or 
 any other appointment ; but Dr. Hampden having against 
 him the great majority of the university, many, also, of the 
 ablest divines, I do not think that my conduct ought to meet 
 the ridicule of the noble earl. There is so much contradic- 
 tion in the noble earl's observations, in his complaints 
 respecting facts, that I feel much difficulty in under- 
 standing him. He says, that on some points there 
 was a majority in the university for Dr. Hampden, and com- 
 plains at the same time that he was in a minority. The 
 noble earl at one time insists that the statutes must be 
 altered, and then declares that they cannot be altered, be- 
 cause there is a statute that makes them unalterable. Then 
 he proceeds to the case of Dr. Hampden. Had I known 
 such to have been his intention before coming into the 
 House, I should have endeavoured to dissaude the noble earl 
 from such a course. Is it likely to do any good ? "Would 
 it not be better to pass it over in silence ? For my part, I 
 have done everything in my power to soften the matter in 
 the university. The noble earl read a passage from a re- 
 view. What right has he to assume that that review is the 
 organ of the church? What right has he to assume that 
 certain sentiments must speak the feelings of the University 
 of Oxford, because he has found them expressed in a publi- 
 cation? Similar sentiments maybe entertained in an Oxford 
 newspaper, or in some church magazine, of which there are 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 23 
 
 many ; but are sucb publications therefore to be called the 
 organs of the church ? The church has very different or- 
 gans, and I hope it will adhere to them. I will not trouble 
 your lordships further than by again disclaiming and utterly 
 protesting against that justly celebrated publication, the 
 Quarterly Review, being considered the organ of the church." 
 —Mirror of Pari Dec. 21, 1837. 
 
 But as Dr. Hampden took his grounds of objection 
 to the report of his Grace's speech in the Morning 
 Chronicle, it will be just to show how it varies from 
 that which we have given. 
 
 " The Archbishop of Canterbury said that several reasons 
 would have deterred him from taking part in that discussion, 
 and he would not have said one word if it had not been for 
 an observation which had fallen from a noble lord, the head 
 of the treasury. He was sure that the noble lord did not 
 mean to treat with such disrespect, as his words implied, the 
 individuals who had communicated with him relative to Dr. 
 Hampden's appointment. He (the Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury) would not say whether he knew anything of theo- 
 logy or not, nor would he decide whether he or the noble 
 viscount was the best theological scholar ; but he thought 
 that some good reasons had been given to the noble viscount 
 why Dr. Hampden should not be appointed to the Regius 
 Professorship. His opinions were well known, not only 
 in Oxford, but elsewhere, and they were opposed to the 
 sentiments entertained as well by those persons who, it had 
 been said, were brought down from all parts of the country 
 to vote against him as of the most eminent divines of the 
 present day. He (the Archbishop of Canterbury) had often 
 been consulted by the noble duke, and others, at the head 
 of former governments, relative to similar appointments; 
 he had carefully avoided interfering in them except upon 
 urgent necessity ; and he had even endeavoured, as indeed 
 he had done in the present case, to soften matters, but still 
 he considered the appointment in opposition to the known 
 opinions of the university exceedingly injudicious. Before 
 
24 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 lis closed the few observations which he had deemed it his 
 duty to make, he must protest against the assertion of the 
 noble earl who introduced that motion, that the very re- 
 spectable publication to which he had adverted was the 
 organ of the church. The church did not recognise it as an 
 organ, and it ought not therefore to be taken to be one." 
 
 The correspondence is as following- : — 
 
 Christchurch, Oxford, Jan. 23, 1838. 
 From the Regius Professor of Divinity to the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 My Lord Archbishop,— I am called upon, in justice to 
 myself, to notice the observations in reference to me, reported 
 to have been made by your Grace in the House of Lords, on 
 Thursday the 21st of December last. 
 
 I make no apology for troubling you with this letter, since 
 I write to put forward a claim of justice, which I cannot 
 doubt you will admit is only proper and necessary for me to 
 lay before you, and for you to hear. 
 
 I write at the same time with feelings of great respect for 
 your station and authority, and not forgetful, I trust, of the 
 spirit of a Christian, and especially of one in the prominent 
 post to which I have been called. 
 
 It appears, then, that your Grace has now publicly avowed 
 your own hostility to my appointment to the Regius Pro- 
 fessorship of Divinity, and your apjiroval of the conduct of 
 those members of the university who communicated with 
 you on the subject. I was unwilling to infer this from your 
 letter to me of March 1st, 1836; though your Grace in that 
 letter certainly surprised me, by directing me to satisfy, not 
 yourself, but a number of persons who were constantly de- 
 claring that nothing from me would satisfy them. It was, 
 indeed, rumoured in the University, that the individuals who 
 met at Corpus Christi College, had the sanction of the Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury; and, if I am not mistaken, use was 
 made of your name for extending their influence. But it 
 was not publicly known as a fact, that the memorialists 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 25 
 
 against me had your favourable opinion on their side, until 
 your avowal of the 21st of last December. Your Grace has, 
 further, not omitted to point out, that the case of my ap- 
 pointment was a case of urgent necessity, obliging you to 
 depart from your usual reserve on similar occasions. 
 
 Now, my lord, may I be permitted, first, respectfully to 
 ask, why the communication of one party, conveying impu- 
 tations against me, was attended to ; and my communication, 
 on the other side, solemnly disclaiming such imputations, and 
 requesting to be heard, was not attended to? why you inter- 
 fered in consequence of the former, but took no notice of the 
 latter? In your letter to me, you disown the power and in- 
 tention of acting on my appeal; and yet, as now appears 
 from your speech, you took a very decided part in furthering 
 the complaint of my accusers. I do not presume to dispute 
 your Grace's right of presenting any memorial or address. I 
 only express my own difficulty on a review of your Grace's 
 conduct towards me; and I sincerely hope in a manner not 
 to give offence. 
 
 But I must proceed to the more immediate purport of 
 this letter. 
 
 When the Archbishop of Canterbury (as is reported) 
 publicly declares himself opposed to a minister of the 
 Church, — when he speaks of him, as one who for good 
 reasons should not have been appointed to a high office in 
 the Church, — when he designates his opinions as objection- 
 able to the best divines of the day, and characterizes his ap- 
 pointment as injudicious and unfortunate — such words, from 
 such an authority, cannot be suffered to fall to the ground, 
 as if they had no important bearing on the individual to 
 whom they refer. I may pass over, as I have passed over, 
 the attacks of inferior men. But when the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury publicly alludes to me in a slighting, disparaging 
 manner, I cannot remain silent. Your Grace's censures, 
 certainly, were conveyed indirectly. They were framed in 
 the language of caution and reserve. They were not so 
 much an attack on me as an apology for others. Still, I 
 think, you must see that the mode in which you referred to 
 
20 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 me, is calculated to make the most adverse impression on the 
 public mind. The very indefiniteness of the charge against 
 me, implied as it was, rather than expressed by your words, 
 is, in truth, an aggravation of it. For it is open to any con- 
 struction whatever; and may therefore be taken in the most 
 calumnious sense. The courteousness of phrase, and absti- 
 nence from direct censure, are in effect the most vituperative 
 and injurious. 
 
 Think, my lord, how your words, as coming from one in 
 high authority in the church, may affect the character of one 
 under that authority. Let me entreat you, therefore, to 
 speak out, and say what is the full meaning and extent of 
 your charge. I ask for specific allegations, if there be such, 
 — specific evidence of them. Out of respect to myself, out of 
 respect to my office, out of respect to your office, I strongly 
 feel, and urgently require, that I should no longer be the 
 subject of mere vague imputations, but that the question, 
 whatever it may be, between my adversaries and myself, 
 should be fairly put to the issue, and once for all decided by 
 the proper authority. 
 
 At present, the only thing ostensibly and actually alleged 
 by your Grace is, that a number of persons objected to my 
 appointment, and communicated with you in order to prevent 
 it. Hence you conclude, that it ought not to have taken 
 place, whatever may have been the opinion of the govern- 
 ment in my favour, and however strong the testimonials by 
 which that opinion was supported. In fact, the appointment 
 was, in your Grace's view, injudicious and unfortunate, 
 because an active and powerful cabal was formed against it. 
 
 Now, my lord, is it not evident, that on the same grounds, 
 the preferment of any one might be as easily objected to and 
 obstructed 1 
 
 For example, what would you have thought, if some of the 
 citizens of Canterbury had formed a cabal to exclude you 
 from the See ? and might they not have met together and 
 chosen a committee, and set themselves up as judges of your 
 orthodoxy and fitness for the office, and published their 
 manifestoes, and sent forth their libels against you by every 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 27 
 
 post? might they not, too, have indulged their mockery of 
 all ecclesiastical authority so far as to denounce you to your 
 sovereign as a heretic and a dangerous person? — and then, 
 on your vindicating yourself, have had the effrontery to sup- 
 port their petition, on the ground, not that you were guilty, 
 but that you came forward to vindicate your character — it 
 being, forsooth, essential that an Archbishop of Canterbury 
 should need no vindication ? What would your Grace have 
 said to all this in your own case? Would you have conceded 
 any authority whatever to such a tribunal, to take cognizance 
 of your imputed heresy? would you not rather have said, " I 
 deny your competence to pronounce an opinion on me, in a 
 question of heresy, " or, " Put me on my trial. I disdain 
 your self-apjjointed committee. I appeal to the regular 
 ecclesiastical authorities. I demand to be heard by the 
 church, not by a tumultuous assemblage of persons calling 
 themselves the church, and rashly usurping its authority." 
 
 In truth, my lord, if the government of the church is to be 
 a reality, and not a mere name, — nay, if the church is to sub- 
 sist as a society on earth, such combinations as those which 
 the conspirators against my appointment exhibited, ought to 
 be put down, not encouraged. The destructive tendency of 
 such licence as that assumed by them is, to my mind, so very 
 clear, that I cannot forbear bringing the case before you in 
 the light in which it appears to me. Evidently it has not 
 struck your Grace in the same point of view ; or, I am sure 
 you would not have countenanced the Oxford proceedings 
 in 1836, by attending to objections urged by the parties en- 
 gaged in those proceedings, and covering them with the 
 shield of your dignity. You would have felt, that to give a 
 colour of ecclesiastical propriety to such proceedings, was 
 undermining the very authority which your Grace is especially 
 bound to protect — that it was for those very hands to sow 
 and water the seeds of schism, which should be the most 
 diligent in uprooting them. 
 
 Let me, then, call your attention to the schismatical cha- 
 racter of those proceedings. It is no question of the respec- 
 tability of the individuals concerned in them. Let it be 
 
28 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 granted that they are the best of men, the best of divines, 
 and that their language has been the most gentlemanlike, 
 and courteous, and temperate. They are still schismatical, 
 in so combining themselves and acting together, as they 
 have done. Let it be granted even, that the person suffering 
 at their hands deserved to surfer. They, at any rate, have 
 no right to inflict the suffering ; nor ought it to be inflicted 
 in that way, any more than a criminal should suffer justice 
 at the hands of an enraged mob. The offence of another is 
 no justification of their offence in assuming a power which 
 the constitution of the church has not given them, or of their 
 mischievous example of contempt of the regular forms of 
 the church. Their conduct is still schismatical. 
 
 If we refer to the Scriptures, the articles and canons 
 of the church, and the ordination services, we find them 
 uniformly condemning such proceedings on the part of 
 members of the church. Has not St. Paul expressly directed 
 to " mark them which cause divisions " ? Has he not repro- 
 bated as "carnal" those among whom are "envying, and 
 strife, and divisions," — one saying, " I am of Paul," another 
 saying, " I am of A polios," — men sitting in judgment on 
 one another, being " puffed up for one against another," 
 — brother going to law with brother, and that before the 
 " unbelievers," instead of submitting their grievances to the 
 judgment of the church? Has he not expostulated with 
 those who listened to testimonies or complaints against 
 himself from improper quarters — namely, from persons who 
 took on themselves to examine and judge him and trespass 
 on his Christian liberty ? Has he not unceasingly exhorted 
 to quietness, and gentleness, and patience, censuring " busy 
 bodies," persons " walking disorderly," who neglect their 
 own proper calling, while they intrude themselves into the 
 concerns of others ? 
 
 Looking to the articles and canons of the church, there 
 we find the same language. When a minister is con- 
 demned, the 26th article supposes a prescribed form to have 
 been followed ; that " inquiry " has been made, — that there 
 have been "accusers" having "knowledge" of the offence, 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 29 
 
 — proofs of "guilt," — "just judgment." By the 53rd 
 canon, " public opposition between preachers " is expressly 
 guarded against ; not only as carried on in the pulpit, 
 but any opposition " purposely " set on foot by the clergy, 
 of their own motion ; and it is directed that all such matters 
 of offence are to be, in the first instance, laid before the 
 bishop, and that nothing is, in any case, to be done without 
 his order first had on the subject. 
 
 Looking, lastly, to the ordination services, there we meet 
 with the like care for the preservation of the order and unity 
 of the church. Every word in these is a prohibition of the 
 meddling, factious, spirit. The minister, indeed, is ex- 
 horted to activity in defence of the truth ; he must " banish 
 and drive away all erroneous and strange doctrines contrary 
 to God's Word." But the sphere of his exertion is 
 also pointed out; and his attention is called to his own 
 " cure," — to " those committed to his charge." The adop- 
 tion of this form of admonition in our service, instead of that 
 of the Roman pontifical, which enjoins to " pronounce an 
 anathema against every heresy which lifts itself against the 
 holy Catholic Church," shows, further, what sort of zeal 
 against error the framers of our service inculcate. Clearly 
 they enjoin on the minister no other method but the gentle 
 one of argument and persuasion, — or the use of " public 
 and private monitions and exhortations within his cure." 
 They give no warrant to that discursive activity, which 
 goes out of its way to fight with error, nor heeds how peace 
 and love may be violated so that its zeal may spend itself. 
 
 So strongly opposed to Scripture and to the sober spirit 
 of our church, is the character of the late movement at 
 Oxford, one would really think that the author of it had read 
 " Agitate, agitate!" in every page of their instructions, in- 
 stead of exhortations to quietness, and peace, and love ; and 
 that the Apostle had nowhere said, that " the servant of the 
 Lord must not strive, but be gentle unto all men, apt to 
 teach, patient, in meekness instructing those that, oppose 
 themselves;" and, again, " Rebuke not an elder, but entreat 
 him as a father." 
 
30 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Your Grace, probably, knows of that movement only 
 in the result, by the communication made to you by certain 
 members of the University. You cannot, I conceive, be 
 aware of the meetings that were held, the printed papers 
 that were issued, the tone of oracular self-confidence, and the 
 spiritual importance in which the leaders of the movement 
 decried and denounced a brother clergyman. Had all this 
 come under your notice, you could not but have seen the 
 schismatical character of the proceedings fully developed. 
 As it is, your Grace appears to me only to have heard the 
 gentle footsteps and subdued tone with which they ushered 
 themselves into your presence. 
 
 Is your Grace fearful that the intoxication of this party, 
 if restrained, will turn to madness ? To conciliate men who 
 have been engaged in such a course, — to soften matters 
 when they have reached such a crisis, — will hardly produce 
 even temporary quiet, much less consult for the permanent 
 peace of the church. In the natural progress of things, 
 indeed, a reaction will take place, and schism will rise up to 
 put down schism. But would it not be far safer, and better 
 in every way, that the authorities of the church should inter- 
 pose to stay the plague ? 
 
 But your Grace may still urge, that the question does not, 
 in your apprehension, turn on the point, whether I am right 
 in my " views and intentions," and my opponents wrong in 
 their conduct. But, " on the impression which certain 
 parts of my writings are calculated to make, and have 
 actually made, on the minds of common readers, as well 
 as of persons well versed in theology," 1 would most espe- 
 cially request your Grace to state, whether you have read 
 my writings, and whether they made on your mind the im- 
 pression to which you refer ? If so, I should be glad to have 
 the passages to which you object pointed out to me ; as I 
 should be most happy to enter into a discussion of them, and 
 endeavour to make my views better understood and more 
 justly appreciated, feeling confident, as I do, that they really 
 tend at once to the upholding of the truths of the Gospel, 
 and of the scriptural teaching of our own church. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 31 
 
 As for the representation of my views, which have been 
 given to the world, or carried to your Grace's ear, by 
 persons studiously opposed to me, — representations most 
 unfair and uncandid, — I cannot suffer my writings to be 
 interpreted by them. I cannot discuss them as any real 
 objections. 
 
 It seems that your Grace estimates the amount of objection 
 to my writings as very great, and therefore sufficient to 
 obstruct my appointment. I contend, on the contrary, that 
 my writings have not produced an injurious impression on 
 many minds. The mock elucidations of them given by 
 others may have done so, and very naturally, but not the 
 writings themselves. The boasted number of objections may 
 be clearly traced to a very few originators and promoters of 
 the disturbance. The clamour of the many was but the 
 senseless echo of a few loud and importunate voices. When 
 letters were written to all quarters from the centre of the 
 movement in Oxford, pressing every one into the service, — 
 when the spirit of the crusader and the covenanter was once 
 more evoked, — and men were challenged, on their faith and 
 their devotion to the church, to give in their adhesion to the 
 cause, — is it strange that an impression was produced ex- 
 tensively against me, not only at Oxford, but elsewhere — not 
 only among persons " well versed in theology," but among 
 "common readers," or rather, no readers of my works? 
 What wonder if, when the trumpet was sounded, and the 
 alarm-bell was rung, the panic was spread far and wide ! 
 What wonder, if the opportunity was eagerly seized by the 
 zealous, the fierce, and the timid, of having a hand in 
 destroying a proclaimed enemy of the church — of giving a 
 blow to one already doomed — of standing over the fallen, and 
 shouting the pecan of triumph ! 
 
 Let me separate, however, the deluded and misled, for 
 whom I make great allowance, and many of whom, actuated, 
 no doubt, at the moment of frenzy, by good motives, have 
 by this time, I trust, been undeceived. Let me inquire who 
 those divines are, who are entitled to be leaders of opinion in 
 the church, — whose good report is so necessary to be ob- 
 
32 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 tained — whose favour must be propitiated. Until their 
 names and their merits are known, I cannot consider their 
 abstract weight as anything in the scale against me. For 
 my part, I know of none whose opinion is entitled to such 
 extreme deference, — certainly none amongst those who 
 headed and brought up the array against me. Some of 
 them, indeed, are absolutely nameless in the theological 
 world ; and there are also some, whose judgment must be 
 set aside on your own principle ; — their opinions being well 
 known, and strongly objected to, both in Oxford and else- 
 where. 
 
 But, my lord, I dispute altogether the propriety of testing 
 an author by the " impression" attributed to his writings. I 
 regard the principle as essentially wrong. It is judging an 
 author by the capacity or the disposition of his readers and 
 interpreters, and not by his own spirit. It is saying, that 
 because an author does not teach us what we approve, there- 
 fore he is incapable of teaching others aright, — that, because 
 he is misunderstood or misapplied by some, therefore he 
 must be misunderstood and misapplied by every one else, or 
 by the generality. Still more striking is the impropriety of 
 thus judging an author, when the "impression" referred to 
 is an impression made on the minds of opponents — of per- 
 sons of a different school, — of men indisposed to like any- 
 thing that proceeds from him, — when his judges look askance 
 at him from his writings, and regard him with suspicion, as 
 patronized by a party in the State which they hold in abhor- 
 rence. I would ask, whether Romanists admit the Church 
 of Rome to be corrupt because Protestants assert it — 
 whether Protestants admit themselves to be heretics, because 
 Romanists assert it — whether Calvinists admit Calvinism to 
 be immoral in its tendency, because some anti-Calvinists 
 assert it — whether the Bible must be confessed to be Socinian, 
 because Socinians draw Socinian doctrines from it — lastly, 
 whether St. Paul must be censured, because his ejjistles 
 contain some things hard to be understood, which they that 
 are unlearned and unstable, wrest, as they do also the other 
 Scriptures, unto their own destruction ? 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 33 
 
 How many excellent divines of our church might be cen- 
 sured, if their orthodoxy and usefulness as Christian teachers 
 were estimated hy such a test. Who, however, values 
 Bishop Burnet's " Exposition of the Articles" at all the less, 
 because it was censured by the Lower House of Convocation. 
 Your Grace will remember the case of Bishop Bull ; how 
 this champion of the Nicene faith pleads for himself, against 
 the iniquity of imputing to him the objections of adversaries. 
 So industriously, and with such " tragic" declamation, had 
 he been complained of as a teacher of " new and most per- 
 nicious doctrines," that he was " almost everywhere," as he 
 says, " accounted a Socinian." In a remarkable passage of 
 his "Apologia pro Harmonia," (p. 10, ed. 1703,) he thus 
 expresses himself: "In abstergenda has de Socinismo 
 calumnia eo diutius moratus sum. quod et per se gravis ilia 
 sit, atque a multis resciverim, istam de mefamam inhmcorum 
 meorum artibus et industria tarn late sparsam esse, ut jam 
 pene ubique pro Socinista habear. Sane expertus loquor, 
 insignem calumniam non modo cessisse in familias meae 
 detrimentum, sed etiam successui laborum meorum in Sacro 
 Ministerio (quod me angit maxime) gravi impedimento 
 fuisse. Deus, Opt. Max. ex effusissima. ipsius misericordia 
 gratiam illis largiatur, qua. actam atroci in fratrem suum 
 injuria seriam et tempestivam agant peenitentiam, ut tre- 
 mendum illud judicium, quod in futuro saeculo calumniafores 
 manet, effugiant. Interim mc solabor benedictione Dei, 
 Domini, ac Servatoris mei Jesu Christi, qui dixerit : Beati 
 eritis, quum vos convitiis affecerint, et mentientes dixerint 
 quidvis mali adversiis vos propter me. Gaudete et exultate, 
 quoniam merces vestra multa est in ccelis, etc., Matt. v. 11."* 
 
 * " I have dwelt the longer in wiping off the calumny of Socinianism 
 botli because of its being grievous in itself, and of my having learned 
 from many, that that character of me has, by the art and industry of my 
 enemies, been so widely spread, that I am now almost everywhere 
 accounted a Socinian. In truth, I speak from experience when I say, 
 that the notable calumny has not only turned to the detriment of my 
 family, but also (which most afflicts me), has been a grievous impediment 
 to the success of my labours in the sacred ministry. May the infinitely 
 
34 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 In my own case, I consider such a mode of treatment 
 peculiarly hard. When it is remembered, that I was no 
 unknown person, but that I had been living for a consider- 
 able time at Oxford in public view, filling successively 
 several offices of trust in the University, and among these 
 that of Public Examiner for nearly four years — (the chief 
 responsibility of which office lies in the examinations in 
 divinity ;) — that, subsequently to the delivery of my Bamp- 
 ton Lectures, I obtained in 1833 the honourable notice of 
 our late learned and most distinguished Chancellor, in my 
 appointment to the Headship of St. Mary Hall ; — that I 
 was elected in 1834 by the Vice-Chancellor and Proctors, 
 the Heads of Christ Church, Magdalen, and St. John's, 
 White's Lecturer in Moral Philosophy, for which the founder 
 especially requires one " recommended by his soundness 
 of religion, religionis sinceritate commendatus ; — that I had 
 published writings several years ago — one of which (a little 
 tract containing sermons addressed to children) received 
 your approval, and the other (an Essay on the Argument 
 of Butler's Analogy) was sent to you with a letter from 
 myself on the subject; — when all this is remembered, I 
 do think it was peculiarly hard, that no weight was given 
 by your Grace to previous character and means of judging 
 of me, but that a number of signatures, a memorial, and an 
 outcry, should have been held by you as decisive of the 
 propriety of excluding me from a post, to which nothing 
 but previous character and means of judging of me, had 
 recommended me. 
 
 It was not decided in such a way, my lord, when those 
 
 good and great God, of bis most abundant mercy, bestow on tbem tbe 
 grace of a serious and timely repentance of so atrocious a wrong against 
 tbeir brother, that they may escape that tremendous judgment which 
 awaits calumniators in the world to come. Meanwhile, I shall console 
 myself with the benediction of God, my Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, 
 who has said, ' Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute 
 you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. 
 Rejoice,and be exceeding glad : for great is your reward in heaven,' &c. 
 Matt. v. 11, 12." 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 35 
 
 more than forty Jews banded themselves together against 
 St. Paul. The Roman governor required that the accused 
 should have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer 
 for himself concerning the crime laid against him. And when 
 suspicion existed against the apostle, and the disciples were 
 all afraid of him, and believed not that he was a disciple, 
 their suspicion was over-ruled by the testimony given of his 
 work in the Gospel. Had his case been decided at once by 
 the evidence of the Jews against him, or by that of the dis- 
 ciples in their state of suspicion, how easily might even the 
 chosen servant of his Lord have been condemned ! In my 
 case, however, neither previous character, nor subsequent 
 experience of me in the office itself, appears to have relieved 
 your mind of the load of objection. 
 
 At this time, — at the interval of two years, — your Grace 
 is found asserting the existence of " good reasons " against 
 my appointment, as if there had been, and were now, no 
 reasons at all on the other side in favour of it — as if I had 
 never said or done anything in justification of it, and as if 
 there stood only on one side of the question an insuperable 
 mass of objection and complaint. 
 
 Let the objections of which your Grace speaks be put in 
 the most repulsive form. Let it be said that certain parts of 
 my writings had not only been objected to but had given 
 offence to many persons. Is nothing, then, to be written 
 that may give offence to certain persons ? Is nothing to be 
 preached but what coincides with the views and feeling of 
 the hearers? Doubtless it is better, if it be possible, to avoid 
 giving offence. I would not, if I could help it, give offence 
 to any one. Still it must happen sometimes, that things 
 must be spoken which to many will be unpalatable ; and on 
 account of which he who gives utterance to them will incur 
 dislike and obloquy. If such offence and dislike are to be 
 construed into condemnation, what will become of the cause 
 of truth ? I question whether the Gospel itself would not 
 be condemned by such an argument ; for we know that at 
 one time it was everywhere spoken against. 
 
 Consider, my lord, what the effect is likely to be on the 
 
 D 2 
 
36 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 rising- generation of theologians, if it go forth to the world 
 that the Archbishop of Canterbury sanctions in any way the 
 Oxford proceedings in 1836. Will honesty and intrepidity 
 of inquiry, the qualities most essential to the investigation 
 and acknowledgment of truth, be prompted by such a state 
 of things as will follow ? Will they not rather be intensely 
 discouraged ? No one, surely, will venture readily to state 
 his opinions on any point, when he knows that there is a 
 dominant party in the Church, and in the University, ready 
 to sit inquisitorially on them, — to pronounce an anathema 
 upon them, and condemn their author by an arbitrary court, 
 without a lawful judge — without a jury — without an accuser 
 — without witnesses — without appeal — without mercy. 
 
 What servility ! what hypocrisy ! what irreligion must not 
 the establishment of such a system lead to ! What else is 
 it but all the horrors of the Inquisition, under the most subtle 
 form ? Already I fear the evil is in some degree felt at 
 Oxford. It may be called by some effeminate moralists a 
 state of docility and humble-mindedness ; but it is not, I am 
 sure, that docility and humble-mindedness which the Gospel 
 contemplates, for that is no crouching, abject spirit, but a 
 spirit of devotion to the word of God, prompting to the 
 searching of the Scriptures, and ascertaining the truth by 
 the conviction that God has spoken it. 
 
 Consider again, my lord, what evil must result from allow- 
 ing, not to say the University, but a combination of indivi- 
 duals — a cabal — a schismatical body, to exercise a control 
 over the ecclesiastical appointments of the crown. Would 
 you place the patronage of the crown, or any patronage, at 
 the mercy of a party which happens to be in the ascendancy 
 in the University or elsewhere ? Is that patronage, then, 
 to fluctuate with the Euripus of academical or popular feel- 
 ing ? and is the object of it to be merely the representative 
 of the theology of the day ? I need not point out the obvious 
 mischief portended by such a course to religion. It is evi- 
 dent, also, that the introduction of so great a licence must 
 threaten the dissolution of the union now subsisting between 
 the Church and the State, and tend to merge the power of 
 the State in that of the Church— a result which some seem 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 37 
 
 anxiously labouring to accomplish at this very time. It is, 
 in fact, bringing in a democratic force as a check on the 
 royal prerogative, in the most objectionable form : because 
 it is a force not regulated by any fixed principle, but moulded 
 and impelled at the moment by the prevailing opinions, feel- 
 ings, and humours of the clergy ; a force the more formid- 
 able from the awe of religion which surrounds it, and capable 
 of the more disorders from the many associations of order 
 which naturally belong to it. He cannot have read history 
 who does not see that the tendency of this power is to put 
 every other power under its feet, and that it requires, there- 
 fore, to be strictly watched, and kept within the limits of the 
 constitution. 
 
 Finally, my lord, I once more throw myself on your jus- 
 tice. I ask you, as a steward of Christ, to whom much has 
 been given for the good of the household of Christ, no longer 
 to allow yourself to appear as the advocate of a majority, but 
 to stand as an impartial judge between that majority and the 
 other side, though there be on that other side only a minor- 
 ity of one. In a case of truth and right, let numbers be put 
 out of the question, — your own conscientious opinion, drawn 
 from your own examination of my merits or demerits, can 
 alone answer for you the question, whether I am fit or not 
 fit for the office of regius professor of divinity. Once more 
 I disclaim the calumnious imputations, whatever they may 
 be, witli which I have been assailed. I disclaim them for 
 myself; I disclaim them for my writings. I retract nothing 
 that I have written ; I disown nothing. I fearlessly assert 
 myself to have ever been, as I am now, a true member of 
 the Church of England, and a faithful teacher of its doc- 
 trines. I challenge my enemies to prove the contrary. In 
 other circumstances, it would be vain-glorying in me to 
 speak of myself as I do now. Now, however, I am obliged 
 to give expression to the full conviction of my own heart, 
 and say without scruple that I am not the man to hold an 
 office in hypocrisy, or for the mammon and tinsel attached 
 to it. 
 
 It is time, indeed, that an end were put to the vexatious 
 
33 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 warfare with which I have heen so seriously annoyed and 
 interrupted in my duties. It is easy for those who have 
 acted against me, to say they have had no personal object, 
 and have intended no disrespect for me, and have done me 
 no wrong. But I must best know what I have suffered. I 
 must best know the pain of being reviled ; the still greater 
 pain of being mocked with protestations of kindness and 
 respect amidst indignities. If it were only the unmerited 
 disesteem effected in the minds of good men, who have been 
 misled in their judgments of me, I have had enough to make 
 me feel acutely. Let those who have ever felt the pain of 
 the evil eye and the evil tongue directed against them speak 
 to the case. Nor is it any slight thing to encounter oppo- 
 sition in the discharge of one's duties, to have one's means 
 of doing good thwarted to the utmost that disappointed rage 
 can effect. This very occasion of defending myself from the 
 slight thrown on me by the Archbishop of Canterbury in the 
 House of Lords, is to me most painful. Those who know 
 me and my habits of life, will judge how very painful it 
 must be to me. Providentially, I have been sustained under 
 my trial; and I trust, by the same Divine assistance, I shall 
 still be sustained. Indeed, I have not been without my con- 
 solation in the midst of it. It has been no little relief to find, 
 that not all who first joined against* me were actuated by a 
 persecuting spirit. Happily, several have had the courage 
 and the kindness to own their error, and have washed their 
 hands of the pollution. I have had the elevating sympathy 
 of pious, and zealous, and learned men, undoubted friends 
 of the church. And if testimonials are to be estimated not 
 by numbers but by weight, I have judgments in my favour 
 that might counterbalance a host of declamatory objectors ; 
 such as that of the late Mr. Davison, the highly gifted and 
 excellent author of the " Discourses on Prophecy," who 
 both read and expressly approved my " Bampton Lectures," 
 as well as my " Essay on the Philosophical Evidence of 
 Christianity." Public opinion, too, has given me its support 
 in spite of all that has been done to corrupt its verdict. 
 Another satisfaction has been derived to me from the kind 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 feeling which, greatly to their honour, the junior members 
 of the university attending my lectures, have evinced towards 
 me. Above all, I am humbly persuaded that my prayer for 
 strength has been answered, in the calm which I feel in my 
 mind, and the firm resolve with which I am nerved to perse- 
 vere in my course. 
 
 Still I feel myself the victim of a cruel persecution. A 
 faction had been allowed to riot with impunity on the public 
 stage of the university, and in the face of the authorities of 
 the church, and to bear me down, if I could have been borne 
 down, by clamour and insult. Shall, then, such a state of 
 things continue unnoticed and unredressed, and the injured 
 person not indignantly complain of this wrong ? I implore 
 your Grace, therefore, effectually to put an end to the un- 
 natural warfare. I ask, as I have said, for specific charges, 
 if they exist. I ask to be called to account before a legal 
 ecclesiastical tribunal, if there be really matter of accusation 
 against me. Your Grace desires me to satisfy the university, 
 — that is, in reality, a party opposed to me in the university ; 
 I declare to you that I cannot satisfy them. It would be 
 wrong, in the first place, that I should succumb to the requi- 
 sitions of a body of men acting schismatically, as these have 
 acted ; they must rather first be reduced to a state of disci- 
 pline. I cannot treat with a disorderly faction, assuming a 
 power not given them by the Scriptures or the rules of the 
 church. But, in the next place, it is a task of impossibility 
 which you impose upon me. The person himself must be 
 an anomaly who would meet the views of such an anomalous 
 association. Which of its various sections am I to take as 
 my standard of orthodoxy ? In satisfying one, can I expect 
 to satisfy another? How, again, am I to satisfy those of the 
 number who, not having any very distinctive marks of re- 
 ligious profession, dissented from my views through igno- 
 ance of the matters on which they pronounced an opinion 
 — some of them deficient in the requisite erudition and skill 
 for examining the points discussed, and some unhappily also 
 under the irritation of unpleasant feelings ? It is also well 
 known, that among the prime movers of the disturbance 
 were the leaders and disciples of a new theological school 
 
40 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORV OF 
 
 which is now attracting notice by its extraordinary publica- 
 tions, and exciting considerable alarm in the church. Am 
 I to satisfy this party ? Am I to purchase exemption from 
 censure, by folding my arms, and suffering myself to be led 
 away captive by a band, whom I regard as making inroads 
 on the constitution of the Church of England ? You would 
 not, my lord, have me consent to such terms of peace ? 
 There may be persons disposed to look with indulgence at 
 the excesses of this party, — who think they are useful as 
 checks to ultraism on the opposite side, — who estimate them 
 on the principle that excess is better than defect, — who 
 would cherish their heat that it may stimulate the luke- 
 warmness of others, — who hope that their extravagance may 
 bring up others to the due measure of zeal. For my part, I 
 cannot accede to such views ; for they are not borne out by 
 experience of the effects of ultraism. Nor can I flatter, or 
 encourage in any way, what I conceive to be wrong in prin- 
 ciple. If, indeed, the price of quiet is to be a surrender of 
 the name and principles of Protestanism, — if I am to admit 
 the authority of Tradition on a parity with Scripture, — if the 
 profession of justification by faith only is no longer to be the 
 sign of a standing church, but a doctrine of episcopal grace 
 and sacramental justification is to overlay God's free pardon 
 through Christ to sinful man, — if private judgment is to be 
 restrained, not by appeal to scripture and argument, but by 
 intimidation, — if self-constituted associations and the names 
 of men are to rule questions of theology, — if dissent is to be 
 called sin, — and taking of oaths, piety, — and mysticism, 
 religion, — and superstition, faith, — and Antichrist, Christ, — 
 then there is no alternative but that I must be objected 
 against, by those who hold what, if I read the gospel aright, 
 are most serious perversions of its truth and its spirit ; — then, 
 must I freely confess that after the way which they call heresy, 
 so worship J the God of my Fathers, believing all things ichich 
 are written in the law and the prophets. I have the honour to 
 remain, my Lord Archbishop, your Grace's most obedient, 
 humble servant, E. D. Hampden, 
 
 Regius Professor of Divinity. 
 The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 41 
 
 From the Archbishop of Canterbury to the Regius 
 Professor of Divinity. 
 
 Lambeth, Feb. 1st, 1838. 
 
 Reverend Sir, — At the same time that I acknowledge 
 your letter of tbe 23rd of last month, I must be excused from 
 entering into any discussion on the several matters contained 
 in it, with most of which I have no concern. AVith respect 
 to the point on which your remonstrance is grounded, I am 
 sorry that anything which I am reported to have said should 
 have given you pain ; but on the words which you have 
 stated as mine, you have put a construction which they will 
 not bear. I conceive that any dispassionate man would under- 
 stand them as a simple avowal of my disapproval of the 
 appointment ut the time it took place, and, if he were acquainted 
 with the circumstances, would know that my objections were 
 founded on certain publications, a reference to which would 
 enable him to judge whether I was right or wrong. The 
 designation of the appointment as unfortunate, might reason- 
 ably be supposed to refer to its consequences, in the inter- 
 ruption of that harmony which it is much to be wished should 
 always prevail in the university. This obvious interpretation 
 would have done bare justice to my intention, which was to 
 say as little that would have been unpleasant to any one, in 
 relation to a matter on which I had resolved to be silent, but 
 was obliged to come forward by something which was stated 
 in the debate. 
 
 The truth is, that those who felt it due to the highly respon- 
 sible stations which they held in the church to go to the 
 minister, and state their objections to your appointment, 
 having discharged that painful duty, were so far from taking 
 any further steps, that they were anxious to hope and believe 
 that all might go on well. And they are in no way account- 
 able for the discussion which has wounded your feelings, and 
 which was deliberately brought on by your own friends. 
 
 You have complained in your letter of my hostility towards 
 you ; I entirely disclaim any feeling of the kind, for the past, 
 
42 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 the present, and the future. But I should not be justified, 
 if, out of consideration for feelings which I shall be always 
 inclined to respect, I were to give up the right of delivering 
 my sentiments freely in regard to all matters on which it 
 may be my duty to advise or speak. 
 
 I remain, reverend Sir, your humble and obedient servant, 
 (Signed) W. Cantuar. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Hampden, &c. 
 
 From the Regius Professor of Divinity to the Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury. 
 
 Ch. Ch v Feb. 6th, 1838. 
 
 My Lord Archbishop, — I regret to have occasion to say, 
 that the answer with which you have favoured me by no 
 means meets the point to which I called your attention. 
 
 I asked, that the objections you had stated as existing 
 against my appointment, should be thrown into some definite 
 form, — that I might know distinctly what I had to reply to, 
 and that the question as to the validity of such objections 
 might be fairly put to the issue. 
 
 In your Grace's last letter I find the same indefiniteness 
 of allegation of which I before complained. Though your 
 Grace now limits your disapproval to " the time when the 
 appointment took place," you still altogether pass over the 
 actual matter of objection, and leave it to be collected from 
 " certain publications, a reference to which," you observe, 
 " would enable any dispassionate man, acquainted with the 
 circumstances, to judge whether you were right or wrong." 
 
 I have still, therefore, to ask what these " certain publi- 
 cations " are, — what the objectionable passages in them, on 
 which your judgment has been founded ? It is of the utmost 
 importance to the question that it should be distinctly known 
 whether your Grace had read my publications yourself, before 
 you took a step to prevent my appointment, or whether you 
 acted on the representation of others. The expressions you 
 have employed leave this matter quite ambiguous. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 43 
 
 Surely, my lord, it is due to your dignity, as well as to ray 
 character, and the cause of truth, that objections of so grave 
 a bearing should not remain under this shade. I earnestly 
 ask again, that they may be brought to light, — that the 
 fullest publicity may be given to them. I desire no secresy, 
 no reserve. I only want to know what are the points I have 
 to answer,— on what authority your objections rest. I can- 
 not think you will refuse me this justice. To leave the case 
 as it now stands, is like uttering calumnies against a person, 
 and supposing oneself justified by saying, that they are 
 grounded on certain parts of his conduct, which any one 
 may refer to, who knows the circumstances ; without pro- 
 ducing any particulars whatever in support of them. 
 
 It is further important for clearing up the whole matter, 
 that the names of those who, " holding highly responsible 
 stations in the church," interfered to prevent my appointment, 
 and yet abstained from further steps, should be known. I 
 refuse their disparaging leniency. If they owed it to the 
 church to express their objections to the head of the govern- 
 ment, why does their duty stop at this point, — why do they 
 not come forward with a manly, Christian dignity, and bring 
 their objections into discussion ? At present, there has been 
 no question of Truth instituted. There has been no proper 
 controversy. Your Grace has misunderstood me, in sup- 
 posing that I have imputed to you a feeling of hostility 
 towards me. I speak only of your hostility to my appoint- 
 ment. Indeed, it could not be supposed that you had any 
 personal feeling on the occasion ; as, independently of your 
 character for gentleness, I had myself never given you cause 
 of offence. 
 
 I would further observe that, so far from complaining of 
 your Grace's advising or speaking as you may think proper, 
 I am cpiite aware it is only your duty to do so. I am very 
 thankful to the noble lords who invited the discussion in 
 parliament for the opinion on which they evidently acted, 
 that I could have no objection to discussion. And the 
 ground of my address to your Grace has been, and is, not 
 that you have spoken in the matter, but that you have not 
 
44 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 spoken more explicitly and distinctly. I have the honour 
 to be, my lord, your Grace's most obedient, humble servant, 
 R. D. Hampden, 
 Regius Professor of Divinity. 
 The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 From the Archbishop of Canterbury to the 
 Regius Professor of Divinity. 
 
 Lambeth, Feb. 20, 1838. 
 Reverend Sir, — Considering the explanations I gave in my 
 former as fully sufficient, I see nothing in your last communi- 
 cation which requires particular notice, except the observation 
 that I now limit my objection to the time when the appoint- 
 ment took place. It was evidently so limited by the subject 
 on which I was speaking. An opinion delivered two years 
 ago could not possibly have any reference to anything which 
 has happened since. I presumed, when I used the words 
 which you have noticed, that you would have understood 
 them as involving an answer to a question which you put 
 to me in your letter. With respect to the whole matter, the 
 case is briefly this : — Objections were entertained by me 
 and by others to certain passages in your writings. In your 
 inaugural lecture, you declared of these, in common with 
 the whole of your books, that you meant nothing but what was 
 orthodox in them. In a private letter to me, you asserted 
 in substance the same thing ; for this I then gave, and still 
 give you credit, as a man of veracity and integrity ; and 
 consequently, if every passage objected to were specified, 
 you would gain nothing which you have not already. But 
 the main objection still remains — that if, on the great topics on 
 ichich he is to instruct students in divinity, a man can so write 
 that both common and learned readers mistake him, he is not a 
 safe teacher. And this is sufficient gromid for those who believe 
 your declaration, not to withdraw their disapprobation of the 
 appointment, though they may not urge their objections further. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 45 
 
 As the continuance of our correspondence on this painful 
 subject cannot lead to any useful result, I trust you will 
 excuse me for expressing a hope that it may end here. I 
 remain, reverend Sir, your obedient and humble servant, 
 
 (Signed) W. Cantuar. 
 
 From the Regius Professor of Divinity to the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 Ch. Ch., Oxford, March 23, 1838. 
 My Lord Archbishop, — Peculiar circumstances have pre- 
 vented my replying to your last letter as soon as I could 
 have wished. Your Grace still persists in declaring, without 
 any proof of the assertion, that " both common and learned 
 readers" of my publications have " mistaken" me. Now, 
 it does not even appear that you have yourself done so ; for 
 you have not ventured to state, in reply to the question 
 which I put to you on the point, whether your objections 
 were drawn from your own unbiassed reading of the works 
 themselves, or from the representations of them by others. I 
 cannot but conclude, indeed, from your Grace's reserve on 
 the subject, that your attention had not been directed to 
 the matters discussed in my " Bampton Lectures" before you 
 took part against me. But though the case were as your 
 Grace states — though I had written on the " great topics" 
 to which you refer, so as to have been mistaken " both by 
 common and learned readers," it would by no means follow, 
 that I should be disqualified for giving elementary instruction 
 to junior students in theology. Fallacious as such reasoning 
 is in itself, it has been amply refuted by experience. Let 
 any of those who have attended my lectures, private or 
 public, before or since my appointment to the Divinity chair 
 — or who have heard my public examinations in Divinity — 
 be called and asked how and what I have taught ? I wonder 
 that your Grace should put forward an a priori objection, 
 where a positive experience exists to be appealed to— an 
 
46 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 objection, too, so palpably open to refutation by that test, 
 and respecting which you may have satisfied yourself by 
 questioning those who have presented themselves before you 
 for ordination from this university. 
 
 But, my lord, is it come to this, that all the roughness 
 with which I have been treated is to be slurred over with 
 one smooth phrase-? Is it, indeed, then, the "main objec- 
 tion," that having been "mistaken,"* as you state, "I am 
 not in your opinion a safe teacher?" — Weak must be the 
 cause which, in such a case, can resort to such a plea. Con- 
 trast this plea with the intense exertions made against me, — 
 only, in fact, contemplate yourself going on a formal mission 
 to the minister of the Crown with such a plea in your mouth; 
 — and how disproportionate to the occasion — how ridiculous, 
 might it not be said, but for the solemn injury enacted against 
 a brother Christian in the name of religion — does all that 
 effort appear? The university and the church, forsooth, 
 were to be agitated, because an individual,— sound in his 
 own faith, and irreproachable in his life, on the showing of 
 his adversaries themselves, — had been misconstrued in some 
 passages of his writings, and was therefore not "a safe 
 teacher." Certainly, the plea looks more like an after- 
 thought, and a retreat from higher ground of attack which 
 could not be carried : and it may so far serve the cause for 
 which it is advanced, as, unlike any specific charge, it admits 
 no direct answer. 
 
 As for "withdrawing disapprobation," I did hope that 
 your Grace might be open to conviction of your having 
 been in error in regard to me. I reflect, at the same time, 
 how hard it is for those who have taken a harsh step against 
 another, to own themselves in the wrong, or pardon the 
 individual whom they have wronged, — especially for men in 
 responsible stations, whose example has influenced others, 
 and paved the way to outrages beyond their power to control. 
 
 Your Grace speaks of " objections entertained by yourself 
 and by others, to certain passages in my writings," and you 
 observe, that, "in my Inaugural Lecture I declare of these, 
 
 * Mistaken in the sense of " misunderstood." 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 47 
 
 in common with the whole of my books, that I meant nothing 
 but what was orthodox in them ;" also, that I " asserted 
 the same thing in substance in a private letter to yourself." 
 Now I am not aware of having stated anything of the kind, 
 either in my Inaugural Lecture, or elsewhere. For I have 
 never seen any passages or particular objections whatever 
 alleged by your Grace ; nor can I therefore have stated what 
 you observe respecting such passages. The fact is, that I 
 have asked your Grace to bring a specific objection, and 
 you have constantly declined doing so. 
 
 Happily, my lord, I do not depend for my character for 
 " veracity and integrity" on the opinion of any individual. 
 I endeavour to act in a straightforward manner, looking, I 
 trust, to His approval who has bade us fear Him, and not 
 man. I must avow, therefore, that in writing to you, I have 
 not sought to obtain your commendation, or any s< useful 
 result," beyond the vindication of right and truth. I am, 
 and I think with the best reason, anxious to clear up a 
 matter, in which I feel myself deeply aggrieved, on account 
 of not only the insults which I have received, but the serious 
 obstructions thrown across my path in doing those duties to 
 which God has called me. I verily, but humbly, believe, 
 that God has called me especially to the duties of my office 
 — unworthy instrument as I am in His hand — unworthy, 
 indeed, to be trusted with so great a dignity, as from Him. 
 And I assure you, therefore, that, with His help, I will not 
 cease my exertions against the opposition to me, from what- 
 ever quarter it may come. 
 
 In prosecution of this view, I beg to inform your Grace, 
 that it is my intention to lay this whole correspondence 
 before the public. 
 
 I have the honour to remain, my Lord Archbishop, your 
 Grace's most obedient, humble servant, 
 
 R. D. Hampden, 
 Regius Professor of Divinity. 
 The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
48 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Thus continued the state of affairs till 1842, when 
 an addition was made to the professorial staff of 
 Oxford, by the appointment of two professors — one of 
 Ecclesiastical History and one of Pastoral Theology ; 
 — a board of examiners was then established by another 
 statute, another " solemn decree/' which placed Dr. 
 Hampden at the head of the board of theological 
 examiners ! This was indeed a virtual rescinding- of 
 the statute of 1830, and the practical wisdom of the 
 heads of houses saw this at once, and proposed that 
 the statute of censure should be formally abrogated. 
 The attempt was made, but though proposed on such 
 authority, the faction of the Tractarians had the 
 power to prevent the repeal, and fixed the University 
 in the unenviable position of having- one month placed 
 Dr. Hampden at the head of the Board of Theolo- 
 gical Examiners, and in the next confirmed a deci-ee 
 that they had no confidence in him at all ! ! What 
 can be said for consistency such as this ? Yet this 
 is the anomalous relation in which the Regius Pro- 
 fessor and the University have stood towards each 
 other for the last five years. Could any Premier be 
 expected to understand, much less to act upon 
 statutes so contrary one to the other ? 
 
 But during- the five }'ears that elapsed since the 
 appointment of Dr. Hampden to the head of the Theolo- 
 gical Board of Examiners great changes have taken 
 place. Many of the leading individuals of theTractarian 
 movement carried out the principles of their divinity, 
 and became members of the Church of Rome, and a 
 g-eneral feeling- ran throughout the country of the 
 unsoundness of the whole school, — their power and 
 credit diminished daily, the feelings of the laity were 
 more and more outraged, and consequently more and 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 49 
 
 more alienated, and they unanimously looked to those 
 among- the clergy who were the uncompromising- 
 opponents of Tractarianistn, as also the friends of 
 Protestantism and the advocates of truth. The 
 Premier partook of this feeling-, and saw that the 
 time was now come to make some compensation to a 
 persecuted and most meritorious man, and to relieve 
 the fears of those avIio looked with apprehension on 
 the approaches of Popery. 
 
 The removal of the venerable Archbishop of York, 
 and the translation of Dr. Musgrave from the See of 
 Hereford to the Archiepiscopal dignity, appeared to 
 afford the required opportunity; and the Regius Pro- 
 fessor of Oxford was nominated to the vacant See. 
 No sooner, however, was this nomination announced, 
 than the old contest was again renewed ; it had 
 slumbered since 1830, with the exception of a short 
 outbreak in 1842 ; and now it was resolved, that 
 every step should be taken to prevent the intention of 
 the crown from taking effect. In the next chapter 
 we shall see what those measures were, and what was 
 their result. 
 
 E 
 
50 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Nomination of Dr. Hampden to the see of Hereford — Protest of the 
 thirteen Bishops— Lord John Russell's reply to the same — History of 
 the Remonstrance — Letter of the Bishops of Norwich and Ripon — 
 Letter of the Bishop of Exeter— Postscript to the same — Corres- 
 pondence referred to — Oxford declaration in favour of Dr. Hampden — 
 Address of the Parishioners of Ewelme— Do. hy the Heads of Houses 
 at Oxford — Former proceedings of Dr. Routh — Letter from Lord John 
 Manners — Proceedings against Dr. Hampden instituted in the Court of 
 Arches — Explanatory Letter from the Bishop of Oxford — The Bishop 
 of Salisbury "s Letter to the Globe — Declaration of the Archdeaconry 
 of London — Spirit and purport of that Declaration — Letter of Dr. 
 Hughes — Letter of Dr. Hampden to Lord John Russell— Letter of 
 Lord John Russell to the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Bedford. 
 
 The note of preparation was sounded in many quar- 
 ters for an approaching* contest, as soon as it was 
 known that her Majesty's advisers had selected 
 Dr. Hampden for the See of Hereford ; and so strong- 
 grew the excitement among* the clergy, that the 
 Bishops felt themselves called to take some notice of 
 it ; and accordingly, a correspondence, not to he 
 paralleled in the history of the English Church, was 
 commenced by the following* document : — 
 
 My Lord, — We, the undersigned Bishops of the Church 
 of England, feel it our duty to represent to your lordship, as 
 head of her Majesty's Government, the apprehension and 
 alarm which have been excited in the minds of the clergy by 
 the rumoured nomination to the See of Hereford of Dr. Hamp- 
 den, in the soundness of whose doctrine the University of 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 51 
 
 Oxford has affirmed, by a solemn decree, its want of con- 
 fidence. 
 
 We are persuaded that your lordship does not know how 
 deep and general a feeling prevails on this subject, and we 
 consider ourselves to be acting only in the discharge of our 
 bounden duty both to the crown and to the church, when we 
 respectfully but earnestly express to your lordship our con- 
 viction, that if this appointment be completed, there is the 
 greatest danger both of the interruption of the peace of the 
 church, and of the disturbance of the confidence which it is 
 most desirable that the clergy and laity of the church should 
 feel in every exercise of the royal supremacy, especially as 
 regards that very delicate and important particular, the nomi- 
 nation to vacant Sees. 
 
 We have the honour to be, my lord, 
 
 Your lordship's obedient faithful servants, 
 
 C. J. London. J. H. Gloucester and Bristol. 
 
 C. Win ton. H. Exeter. 
 
 J. Lincoln, E. Sarum. 
 
 Chr. Bangor. A. T. Chichester. 
 
 Hugh Carlisle. J. Ely. 
 
 G. Rochester. Saml. Oxon. 
 
 Rich. Bath and Wells. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Lord John Russell, &c. &c. 
 
 This document is unquestionably the most interest- 
 ing-, and in some respects the most important, of all 
 that we shall have to lay before the reader. Strong- 
 indeed must the cause have been, and great indeed 
 the anticipated mischief, that could have induced thir- 
 teen Bishops of the Church — and men, too, of such 
 mark and eminence— to put their hands to a remon- 
 strance such as this. To estimate it at its full force, 
 we must observe, that it is, in the most decided man- 
 ner, an interfering- with the unquestionable rig-ht of 
 the crown ; that it deliberately condemns, and that, 
 
 e 2 
 
52 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 too, unheard by any competent tribunal, a clergyman 
 of great learning- and of irreproachable life, the head 
 of a college in one of the first universities in the 
 world, as unfit to hold the office which they themselves 
 held. The force of the document increases when we 
 note the variety of opinions on many subjects of 
 theology known to be entertained by the prelates who 
 signed it, and that there appear in the list the names 
 of the late and present bishops of Oxford, and that of 
 the bishop of Chichester, long- the able and respected 
 head of a great colleg-e in that university. These 
 thing-s are to be noted, in order that the reader may 
 understand how very extraordinary is the character 
 of the document itself, and how unusual must have 
 been the circumstances which elicited it. These cir- 
 cumstances will perhaps never be entirely appreciated ; 
 but some few apparently trifling-, though really im- 
 portant events, transpired, which afford some clue to 
 the right understanding of the bishops' remonstrance. 
 It is currently reported to have been drawn up, though 
 in a rather stronger form, by that astute and able 
 prelate the Bishop of Exeter ; and it further appears, 
 from the following letters, that it was contemplated to 
 obtain, as far as possible, the coincidence of the whole 
 bench. The first letter which we give is one from the 
 Bishop of Bipon, sent by his consent, conveyed to the 
 Bishop of London to be published in the Times. His 
 Lordship does not state from whom the remonstrance 
 was forwarded to him, nor indeed whether it was for- 
 warded at all ; but as much may be presumed from 
 the terms in which his lordship does express him- 
 self:— 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 53 
 
 Letter of the Bishop of Ripon to the Bishop of 
 London. 
 
 To the Editor of the Times. 
 Sir, — I have received permission from the Bishop of Ripon 
 to send you the accompanying copy of a letter, which he 
 addressed to me on the subject of Dr. Hampden's nomination, 
 and which I transmitted to Lord John Russell. 
 
 I am, sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 C. J. London. 
 
 Fulham, Dec. 1G. 
 
 (Copy.) 
 
 Palace, Ripon, Dec. 2, 1847. 
 My dear Lord, — Although I do not feel myself at liberty 
 to adopt all the expressions contained in the memorial about 
 to be presented from several of my episcopal brethren to the 
 head of her Majesty's government on the subject of the ru- 
 moured nomination of the Rev. Dr. Hampden, to the See of 
 Hereford, I would, nevertheless, desire to join in most respect- 
 fully but earnestly expressing my conviction, that unless his 
 lordship can be induced to pause before he forces on the 
 election of Dr. Hampden, and to wait until some means be 
 found of proving the groundlessness of those apprehensions 
 which it has excited, there is the greatest danger of the further 
 interruption of the peace of the church, and of the disturbance 
 of that confidence which it is most desirable that the clergy 
 and the laity of the church should feel in every exercise of the 
 royal supremacy. 
 
 Believe me, my dear lord, 
 
 Your very faithful friend and brother, 
 
 (Signed) C. T. Ripon. 
 
 The Lord Bishop of London. 
 
 The letter, however, of the Bishop of Norwich is of 
 a different character ; and it is to be observed that he 
 keeps back the name of the prelate to whom it is 
 addressed : — 
 
54 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 The Bishop of Norwich's Reasons for not Remon- 
 strating. 
 
 Palace, Norwich, Dec. 1, 1847. 
 
 My dear Lord, — On maturely considering the memorial 
 which has been forwarded to me against the appointment of 
 Dr. Hampden to the See of Hereford — not on the ground of 
 any general unfitness for the office, or on any specific charge 
 of heterodoxy — but because the " University of Oxford has 
 affirmed, by a solemn decree, its want of confidence in the 
 soundness of his doctrines," I feel I cannot conscientiously 
 sign it for the following reasons : — 
 
 " 1. Because I conceive that by such proceeding we are 
 giving to an university censure an authority which in no 
 way belongs to it, and which many of its most devoted friends 
 have disclaimed. And further, that I can attach little weight 
 to a decision emanating from Oxford on that occasion, bear- 
 ing in mind that the movement against Dr. Hampden origi- 
 nated with a party suspected (how justly subsecment events 
 fully proved) of entertaining a strong leaning towards the 
 Church of Rome. That the opinions, moreover, of many of 
 those members of Convocation who opposed Dr. Hampden 
 were manifested with a bitterness of party spirit little credit- 
 able to them as members of a Christian community and a 
 calm deliberative assembly ; and that there is good reason for 
 believing that the majority was obtained by votes given by 
 many individuals who came up expressly for the purpose, 
 though it was notorious that they had never read the works 
 which they professed to condemn. 
 
 2. That even if the censure of 1836 were deserving atten- 
 tion, it was virtually repealed by a statute in the early part 
 of 1842, which expressly appointed Dr. Hampden to the 
 office of Examiner in the new Theological Examination, 
 and which was, by several influential members of the Uni- 
 versity understood to cancel the previous censure ; and that 
 in the summer of 1842, an attempt was actually made to 
 repeal the censure of 1836, which very nearly succeeded, 
 supported, as it was, by some of the most distinguished 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 55 
 
 members of the University; amongst others, I believe, by 
 no less than fifteen out of seventeen of the heads of colleges, 
 and that it was opposed by a large portion of those well 
 known for their Tractarian tendencies. 
 
 3. Because I believe Dr. Hampden to have been very 
 unfairly treated, judged as he was by extracts separated 
 from their context, and many of them obscurely worded, 
 on points involving deep metaphysical reasoning, requiring 
 unprejudiced and dispassionate investigations to decide upon. 
 
 4. Because I consider that on other occasions, more espe- 
 cially in his Inaugural Lecture, he has shown clearly and 
 unequivocally, and beyond all controversy, that his sentiments 
 on those particular topics on which he was supposed to be 
 unbound were in accordance with the formularies of our 
 Church and with the Holy Scriptures. 
 
 Such are the reasons for inducing mc to withhold my sig- 
 nature to the memorial proposed to be presented by my right 
 rev. brethren, expressive of their disapprobation of Dr. Hamp- 
 den's appointment to the vacant See of Hereford. 
 
 I have only to add, though, indeed, I consider it scarcely 
 necessary, that did I suspect Dr. Hampden in the slightest 
 degree of holding opinions impugning the doctrines of the 
 Trinity or the Atonement, I should not have hesitated a single 
 moment in requesting that my name might be affixed to the 
 memorial with my fullest concurrence and approbation of its 
 object. * 
 
 I remain, yours very truly, 
 
 E. Norwich. 
 
 To the Lord Bishop of 
 
 His lordship, it will be seen, comes to the same 
 conclusion with regard to the Hampton Lectures to 
 which the Bishop of Oxford, by a perusal of them, 
 had been brought. 
 
 We shall soon, however, have other and stronger 
 light thrown upon the subject, and shall now, there- 
 fore, return to a more chronological course. In due 
 
50 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 time the remonstrance received a reply — a reply of 
 which the Times somewhat facetiously complained 
 that it had too much logic and too little respect : 
 that in fact, it was too convincing-, and that " his 
 Lordship had certainly floored the Bishops, but 
 what if he had floored the Church of England 
 and himself too." We shall soon see that the whole 
 may be looked upon in a different light — that Lord 
 John Eussell did not treat the Right Rev. Prelates 
 otherwise than with that respect which was on every 
 account their due, and that his reply was not considered 
 discourteous, save by one of the number. Before we 
 give his lordship's letter, we will just observe, en 
 passant, that it is somewhat important to see that 
 the name of the Bishop of Llandaff does not appear 
 among the remonstrants ; and as Dr. Coplestone 
 was head of Oriel College during the time that Dr. 
 Hampden Avas a fellow, the absence of his name is 
 very significant. We pass now to Lord John 
 Russell's reply to the remonstrant bishops. 
 
 Chesham Place, Dec. 8, 1847. 
 
 My Lords, — I have had the honour to receive a represen- 
 tation signed by your lordships on the subject of the nomina- 
 tion of Dr. Hampden to the See of Hereford. 
 
 I observe that your lordships do not state any want of 
 confidence on your part in the soundness of Dr. Hampden's 
 doctrine. Your lordships refer me to a decree of the Uni- 
 versity of Oxford passed eleven years ago, and founded upon 
 lectures delivered fifteen years ago. 
 
 Since the date of that decree Dr. Hampden has acted as 
 Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford ; 
 and many bishops, as I am told, have required certificates oi 
 attendance on his lectures before they proceeded to ordain 
 candidates who had received their education at Oxford. He 
 has likewise preached sermons for which he has been 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 r>7 
 
 honoured with the approbation of several prelates of our 
 Church. 
 
 Several months before I named Dr. Hampden to the 
 Queen for the See of Hereford, I signified my intention to 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury, and did not receive from him 
 any discouragement. 
 
 In these circumstances, it appears to me that should I 
 withdraw my recommendation of Dr. Hampden, which has 
 been sanctioned by the Queen, I should virtually assent to 
 the doctrine that a decree of the University of Oxford is a 
 perpetual ban of exclusion against a clergyman of eminent 
 learning and irreproachable life; and that, in fact, the supre- 
 macy which is now by law vested in the Crown is to be 
 transferred to a majority of the members of one of our 
 universities. 
 
 Nor should it be forgotten, that many of the most pro- 
 minent among that majority have since joined the commu- 
 nion of the Church of Rome. 
 
 I deeply regret the feeling that is said to be common 
 among the clergy on this subject. But I cannot sacrifice the 
 reputation of Dr. Hampden, the rights of the Crown, and 
 what I believe to be the true interests of the Church, to a 
 feeling which I believe to be founded on misapprehension 
 and fomented by prejudice. 
 
 At the same time I thank your lordships for an interposi- 
 tion which I believe to be intended for the public benefit. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 
 J. Russell. 
 
 To the Eight Rev. the Bishops of London, 
 Winchester, Lincoln, &c. 
 
 A day or two passed away, but the subject was far 
 from being* dropped, and on the 10th of December, 
 we find dated the long- and eloquent letter of the 
 Bishop of Exeter. 
 
 London, Dec. 10, 1847. 
 My Lord, — I had last night the honour of receiving your 
 •ordship's letter of the 8th instant, addressed to myself, in 
 common with the other Bishops who had presumed to repre- 
 
58 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 sent to you their apprehensions of the evil consequences 
 which must be expected to result from the nomination (if 
 persisted in) of Dr. Hampden to the vacant See of Hereford. 
 
 As the remonstrant bishops have now, for the most part, 
 returned to their several dioceses, it is not possible for them, 
 within any reasonable space of time, to meet together for the 
 purpose of making a common reply to those parts of your 
 lordship's letter which may seem especially to demand reply. 
 I therefore feel it due to your lordship, no less than to myself, 
 that I should state frankly, and without waiting for commu- 
 nication with others, the reasons which compel me to with- 
 hold my assent from the arguments which you have addressed 
 to us. 
 
 Your lordship is pleased to remark, first, on our " not 
 having stated any want of confidence on our own part in the 
 soundness of Dr. Hampden's doctrine." 
 
 My lord, in abstaining from such statement, we took that 
 part which, I venture to submit, manifestly was most be- 
 coming. 
 
 We had hardly a right to obtrude upon you, unasked, our 
 opinion on that point; for such opinion would have been 
 only that of individuals, whereas the judgment on which we 
 rested our representation was the judgment of a body emi- 
 nently qualified to judge, and accustomed, in the best times, 
 to be listened to on such subjects with respect and attention 
 by all. But, my lord, as our silence on this particular is 
 considered by your lordship as an omission which lessens the 
 force of our representation, I will not, myself, be silent any 
 longer; I hesitate not, therefore, to state, that I have no 
 confidence in the soundness of Dr. Hampden's doctrine. 
 
 "The decree of the University," to which we referred, 
 " passed," as your lordship truly observes, "eleven years ago; 
 and was founded" (in part — doubtless a principal part) "upon 
 lectures delivered fifteen years ago." 
 
 Why was it, your lordship seems by implication to ask, 
 that the long interval of four years was suffered to elapse 
 between the publication of the offensive doctrines and the 
 decree which condemned them ? — For a reason which I ven- 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 59 
 
 ture to think your lordship will, on reflection, deem quite 
 sufficient to explain, if not to justify, the delay. 
 
 During those four years Dr. Hampden was in no position 
 specially and immediately connected with theological teach- 
 ing ; his errors, therefore, however grave, were not so 
 formidable as to demand the unusual interposition of the 
 University, as a body, to vindicate the sacred truths which 
 he had impugned. 
 
 If it be asked, why the lesser and ordinary tribunal — the 
 Vice-Chancellor's Board — was not resorted to, I frankly 
 answer that I do not know. It may have proceeded, and 
 probably did proceed, from the natural, perhaps culpable, 
 reluctance of men in authority to exercise that authority 
 penally against one of their own number, and from the 
 unwillingness of men not in authority to place themselves, 
 without very special call, in the invidious and painful position 
 of public accusers. 
 
 At the end of those four years, however, the state of things 
 was greatly altered. Dr. Hampden had ceased to be in the 
 comparatively private station which he had before occupied. 
 He had been appointed to the highest chair of divinity in 
 Oxford. His influence, therefore, on its theological teaching, 
 and on the future character and usefulness of the University, 
 could not but be dreaded and deprecated, and the duty of 
 resistance to that influence had become most manifestly, 
 most imperatively urgent. Accordingly, the heads of the 
 University are understood to have presented in the highest 
 quarter, through his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 their strong objections to the appointment; and our then 
 most gracious Sovereign, King William IV., was generally 
 believed to have expressed his desire that the appointment 
 should not be completed. 
 
 But, even the expression of the royal wish having been 
 found to be in vain, the University was compelled to have 
 recourse to its own unquestioned powers of judging in such 
 a cause, and to take those steps which might not only lessen 
 the power of mischief in the new professor's teaching, but 
 should also vindicate its own character before the world. 
 
GO 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Such, my lord, is, I believe, a brief history of the decree 
 to which the remonstrant Bishops referred your lordship. 
 
 But, you add, that " since the date of that decree, Dr. 
 Hampden has acted as Regius Professor of Divinity; the 
 University of Oxford, and many Bishops, as I am told, have 
 required certificates of attendance on his lectures, 1 from 
 candidates for holy orders,' who have received their education 
 at Oxford." 
 
 My lord, that " the University of Oxford has ever required 
 certificates from any persons under its authority of attendance 
 on Dr. Hampden's lectures," I have never before heard ; 
 nor, till I had the honour of receiving your lordship's letter, 
 have I had the slightest reason to believe. 
 
 With regard to the course taken by bishops in this respect, 
 I may be allowed to say that it had been the universal rule 
 of every diocese in England to require the certificate of 
 attendance on the Regius Professor's lectures for a very long 
 period before that chair was filled by Dr. Hampden. If any 
 bishops abstained from revoking that rule, although a pro- 
 fessor was appointed whom they might greatly disapprove, 
 it would not much surprise me ; nor should I think that they 
 thereby precluded themselves from the right of testifying 
 their adverse judgment of him on any grave occasion, as the 
 present must pre-eminently be held to be. 
 
 ' Be this as it may, if any of the remonstrant bishops are 
 justly open to this remark (I know not that any of them are), 
 I am not in the number. Immediately after the passing of 
 the academic statute in question, I deemed it right to inform 
 Dr. Hampden, as, doubtless, if he has made any communi- 
 cation to you on this head, he has informed your lordship, 
 that I could not regard him as a safe guide to students in 
 theology, and could not, therefore, require certificates of 
 attendance on his lectures from candidates for holy orders. 
 I made this communication in terms as little offensive to 
 Dr. Hampden's feelings as I could devise; and I had the 
 satisfaction of receiving from him, if my memory does not 
 deceive me, an acknowledgment to that effect. 
 
 That " Dr. Hampden has likewise preached sermons, for 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 61 
 
 which he has been honoured with the approbation of several 
 prelates of our Church," I most unhesitatingly believe on the 
 authority of your lordship ; but the relevancy of such a fact 
 to the matter now in question, in any but an infinitesimal 
 degree, I must profess my inability to perceive. 
 
 Your lordship proceeds to say — " Several months before I 
 named Dr. Hampden to the Queen for the See of Hereford, 
 I signified my intention" (not, I am confident, of naming 
 him to the See of Hereford, for that See was not then vacant, 
 nor likely to be vacant ; nor to the next See which might be 
 open — for another has been since open, to which Dr. Hamp- 
 den was not named ; and more than one eminent person is 
 known to have had the offer of it from your lordship ; but, it 
 may have been, that you signified your intention of naming 
 Dr. Hampden to some See, at some time or other) " to the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, and did not receive from him any 
 discouragement." 
 
 My lord, your lordship will, I am confident, pardon my 
 inquiry (for the question is manifestly most important to the 
 fair understanding of the merits of the case) — Did you ask his 
 Grace whether he thought Dr. Hampden a fit person to be 
 recommended to a bishopric ? If you did not ask his opinion, 
 few persons will be at all surprised that he abstained from 
 giving it. 
 
 Your lordship better knows than I can presume to guess 
 what are the relations between his Grace and yourself — what 
 your habits of consultation with him on this and kindred 
 questions. But thus much I must say, that unless these 
 relations be most intimate, these habits most unreserved, it 
 would seem to be almost a matter of course that our aged 
 primate, one always distinguished by his delicacy and reluc- 
 tance to obtrude, without absolute necessity, the expression 
 of any opinion adverse to the interests of another — it would 
 seem to me, I repeat, a matter of course, that his Grace 
 should forbear to tell your lordship that your intention of 
 recommending Dr. Hampden at some period, which might 
 never arrive during the continuance of your lordship's power 
 of recommending, or during his own valuable life, would 
 involve you in the difficulty of having named a person whose 
 
62 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 appointment would be regarded by the church at large as an 
 act either of wanton insult or of official recklessness beyond 
 all precedent. 
 
 After all, it is satisfactory to see, on the authority of your 
 lordship's own words, to how small dimensions the swelling 
 statement at first made of this matter has at length dwindled. 
 The story — which was put forth in a tone only not official 
 and circulated by those who spoke as on the authority of 
 your lordship — that the Archbishop had given " his cordial 
 assent" to Dr. Hampden's appointment to the now vacant See 
 of Hereford, turns out to be nothing more than that the 
 Archbishop gave no " discouragement," when, several 
 months before the See of Hereford was vacant, you signified 
 to his Grace your intention of naming Dr. Hampden, at 
 some time or other, to some bishopric or other. 
 
 And the importance even of this intimation of the Arch- 
 bishop's supposed " assent" to Dr. Hampden's appointment, 
 small as it is, sinks into absolute insignificance — or, rather, is 
 converted into something much more nearly resembling 
 " dissent" — when it is stated, on authority too respectable to 
 admit of cpuestion, that your lordship actually received a 
 letter from the Archbishop some days before that of the 
 bishops, in which his Grace apprised you of the ferment 
 which the announcement of Dr. Hampden's promotion was 
 exciting in the church, and of the certainty of legal steps 
 being taken in order to defeat it. 
 
 My lord, I have said that the appointment of Dr. Hampden 
 is an act " beyond all precedent." And this, I believe, is 
 strictly true. Never before was any person recommended 
 by the Crown to a bishopric against whom there stood a for- 
 mal legal judgment affirming the unsoundness of his doctrine. 
 This is the real, the special distinction of his case. Short of 
 this, indeed, one or two instances, not dissimilar, occur to me 
 while I am writing. 
 
 The first is the case of two persons nominated by King- 
 James II., in the year 1686, to fill the Sees of Chester and 
 Oxford ; and I would rather give the case in the words of 
 Burnet than in my own : — 
 
 " Cartwright was promoted to Chester. The See of Oxford 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 03 
 
 was given to Dr. Parker. These two persons were pitched 
 on as the fittest instruments that could be found among the 
 clergy to betray and ruin the church." My lord, I most 
 unfeignedly disclaim the slightest intention to insinuate that 
 such is your object in naming Dr. Hampden, or that he 
 would be a fit instrument for such a purpose. I believe you 
 both to be utterly incapable of anything so dishonourable. 
 But the preceding inapposite words are necessary to intro- 
 duce what is, I submit, really apposite : — 
 
 " Some of the bishops brought to Archbishop Sancroft 
 articles against them, which they desired he would offer to 
 the King in Council, and pray that the mandate for conse- 
 crating them might be delayed till time were given to examine 
 particulars ; and Bishop Lloyd told me that Sancroft pro- 
 mised to him not to consecrate them till he had examined 
 the truth of the articles, which were too scandalous to be 
 repeated. Yet, when Sancroft saw what danger he might 
 incur if he were sued in prcsmunire, he consented to consecrate 
 them. 
 
 "[An accident happened in the action that struck him 
 much. When he was going to give the chalice in the sacra- 
 ment, he stumbled on one of the steps of the altar, and 
 dashed out all the consecrated wine that was in it ; which was 
 much taken notice of, and gave himself much trouble, since 
 he was frightened by so mean a fear.]" — Burnet, History of 
 his Own Times, Oxford, 1823, vol. hi., p. 136-8. 
 
 Such, my lord, is the first — precedent shall I say ? or 
 warning? It is for your lordship to decide ; and in forming 
 your decision, you will, I doubt not, remember that Sancroft 
 is not now in the See of Canterbury, nor James II. on the 
 throne of England. 
 
 The other case is that of Bishop Hoadly, of which I am 
 more apprehensive that your lordship may think it worthy 
 of being followed. 
 
 Against this prelate, a notorious latitudinarian, " and 
 something more," the Lower House of Convocation in 1717 
 prepared a representation to be presented to the archbishops 
 and bishops sitting in the Upper House, " that with much 
 
64 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 grief of heart they had observed that the Right Rev. the 
 Lord Bishop of Bangor hath given great and grievous 
 offence by certain doctrines and positions by him lately pub- 
 lished," the tendency of which they proceeded to set forth 
 in the form of articles. 
 
 Before this representation could be brought into the Upper 
 House, the Convocation was prorogued by a special order 
 from the King, and was not permitted to sit again. The 
 accused prelate was not long afterwards translated to Here- 
 ford (what a complete and happy precedent !) and subse- 
 quently, in due succession, to Salisbury and to Winchester. 
 
 My lord, if the conduct of the minister of George I. on 
 that scandalous occasion be not adopted by you as a prece- 
 dent, show that you repudiate it. Take that step which is 
 due to justice, to the rights of the church, and to the con- 
 science of every churchman. Withdraw the recommendation 
 which you have so inconsiderately made ; or, if you persist 
 in it, refer the writings of Dr. Hampden to the judgment of 
 the Church in Convocation. 
 
 If there are objections to that course, devise some other. 
 Let these writings be judged by a provincial council of the 
 bishops, assisted by such divines as her Majesty shall be 
 graciously pleased to name ; or devise some other tribunal 
 of any kind, provided it be fair and competent ; but do not, 
 as you value your own good name, or the honour of your 
 Sovereign, or the welfare of the Church, and, it may be, it 
 must be, of the State also ; for the welfare of the State, rightly 
 understood, is, and ever will be, bound up indissolubly with 
 that of the Church, — do not persist in your unhappy career — 
 make not what is as yet only an indiscretion — and revocable 
 as* such — make it not a crime, aye, and I dare not forbear 
 adding — a sin. 
 
 But I return to your lordship's letter. 
 
 You proceed to say to us, " Should I withdraw my recom- 
 mendation of Dr. Hainpden, I should virtually assent to the 
 doctrine, that a decree of the University of Oxford is a per- 
 petual ban of exclusion against a clergyman of eminent 
 learning and irreproachable life." 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 65 
 
 My lord, I doubt not the learning nor the excellent moral 
 character of Dr. Hampden. But these qualifications have 
 no connexion whatever with the merits of this case. Is Dr. 
 Hampden unworthy of confidence as an exponent of Christian 
 truth? The University of Oxford, judging from his pub- 
 lished writings, has solemnly decreed that he is ; and, because 
 he is, that university has deprived him of certain functions 
 hitherto attached to his office of Professor of Divinity. Is 
 it of less moment that there be confidence in the sound- 
 ness of the doctrine of a bishop than of a professor? Is 
 heterodoxy less mischievous in a judge than in a teacher of 
 theology ? My lc^rd, it cannot be necessary to remind you 
 that a bishop, as such, and by the essential, indefeasible right 
 and duty of his office, is empowered, and is bound, to judge 
 of the doctrine preached and taught by every clergyman 
 under his charge. 
 
 The judgment of the University, therefore, ought to be a 
 " ban of exclusion " (from the office of a bishop at least) 
 against Dr. Hampden, so long as it remains in force — in 
 other words, until it shall be either repealed, or washed away, 
 or proved to be unfounded. 
 
 The first of these three modes has been tried, but the 
 attempt signally failed. The University, six years after the 
 decree passed, was moved to repeal it ; and that, too, under 
 circumstances peculiarly favourable to the success of the 
 motion — when, from causes too notorious to need to be 
 recited, a strong reaction had arisen, and prejudice had taken 
 a course most favourable to Dr. Hampden. Yet, even then, 
 the motion of repeal was sternly rejected by a majority, 
 much smaller, indeed, than that which had originally enacted 
 the decree (474 to 94), but large enough to evince abundantly 
 the unaltered and unalterable judgment of the University — 
 it was 330 to 219. 
 
 Your lordship says, however, " it must not be forgotten, 
 that many of the most prominent among the original majo- 
 rity have since joined the communion of the Church of 
 Rome." 
 
 My lord, if by " the most prominent" ought to be under- 
 
 F 
 
GG 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 stood the committee, who openly sat for the purpose of de- 
 vising measures for vindicating the University from the evils 
 which might be expected to result from such a selection of the 
 King's Professor of Theology — and who, as being " the pro- 
 minent" in the contest, received the formal thanks of bodies 
 of clergy throughout England, too numerous to be recounted 
 — of these, one indeed has fallen, to the consternation and 
 grief of all who knew, or had heard of, his high faculties. 
 The others, thank God, still stand rooted and grounded in 
 faith and love. 
 
 But, my lord, supposing that those of the majority who 
 have lapsed may be truly stated to be " many" (I know not 
 in any sense that they are), will your lordship, or will any 
 honourable man, venture to say, that abstracting their names 
 from the list even of the smaller majority, the result would 
 not be to leave that majority still large — still more than 
 sufficient amply to stamp the decree with the impress of the 
 general judgment of the University ? 
 
 But I have intimated that the stain of the judgment may 
 be washed away. My lord, I wish this had been done long 
 ago by the only person who is able to do it, — by Dr. Hamp- 
 den himself. The judgment may be washed away by his 
 retracting the errors against which it was directed. But 
 this is a course which Dr. Hampden has refused to take. In 
 a published letter of his to the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 dated January 23rd, 1838, he thus writes : — " I retract 
 nothing that I have written ; I disclaim nothing." 
 
 My lord, I honour Dr. Hampden for thus writing ; so 
 long as his opinions are unchanged he cannot retract ; but 
 so long as he does not retract, he cannot reasonably expect 
 the position from which those opinions exclude him. If in 
 his teaching during eleven years as Regius Professor, or in 
 any of the valuable sermons of which your lordship writes, 
 he had either expressly or virtually withdrawn what was 
 justly censurable in his earlier writings, I, for one, should not 
 have been found in the list of remonstrants. Yet I frankly own 
 that I should, even in the case, still bear in mind, and with 
 hearty assent, a saying of King George III., which was 
 strongly marked by his characteristic practical good sense. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 (17 
 
 When his minister recommended to him for a vacant bishopric 
 some divine who had set forth certain unsound doctrines, 
 which, however, he afterwards retracted — " I will have for 
 my new bishop," said the good King, " some man who has 
 nothing to retract." 
 
 But a third course may, I have said, be taken to remove 
 from Dr. Hampden the ban of exclusion of which your lord- 
 ship writes. Let the censure of the University which has 
 created it be proved to be unfounded — let this be done 
 before any competent tribunal, and Dr. Hampden will then 
 enter on the office to which your lordship has designated him, 
 with powers of usefulness which he will otherwise, if he ever 
 enter upon it at all, be utterly unable to carry with him. 
 My lord, a higher authority than any congt d'elire, or letter 
 missive, has said, " a bishop must be blameless ;" not 
 exempt, I need not say, from human infirmity, not free from 
 every breath of calumny and envy, but pure from all which 
 can be justly called "blame," — pure from the censure of all 
 who are entitled to pronounce judicially upon him. 
 
 Your lordship is pleased to add, what (I must confess) no 
 lighter testimony than that of your own hand could make 
 me think it possible that you could write, that " this would 
 be, in fact, to say, that the supremacy which is now by law 
 vested in the Crown is to be transferred to a majority of the 
 members of one of our universities." 
 
 My lord, if instead of a decree having been passed against 
 Dr. Hampden for unsound teaching by the University of 
 Oxford, a judgment of the Court of Queen's Bench had 
 been pronounced against him for some flagitious crime, and 
 if this judgment were urged as a reason why he should not 
 be promoted to a bishopric, would this be to transfer the 
 royal supremacy from the Queen to Lord Denman ? If it 
 would not, why should it be said to follow from Dr. Hamp- 
 den's being disqualified for a bishopric, so long as he is under 
 the censure of the Oxford decree, that this is to transfer the 
 supremacy of the Crown to the Convocation of Oxford. 
 
 My lord, I own I am mortified at finding myself obliged 
 to answer such transparent sophistry as this. 
 
 • ■ F 2 
 
68 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Your lordship " deeply regrets" — I doubt not, sincerely — 
 " the feeling- that is said to be common among- the clergy on 
 this subject. But," you add, " I cannot sacrifice the repu- 
 tation of Dr. Hampden, the rights of the Crown, and what 
 I believe to be the true interests of the church, to a feeling 
 which I believe to be founded on misapprehension, and 
 fomented by prejudice." 
 
 My lord, if this feeling be indeed " founded on misappre- 
 hension," let it be proved to be so. If it be " fomented by 
 prejudice," do not give to that prejudice the increased 
 momentum of a deep and bitter feeling of persecution. 
 
 To your assurance of your belief that " the true interests 
 of the church" are bound up with the appointment of 
 Dr. Hampden, I have neither a right nor any inclination 
 to withhold the fullest credit. I thank your lordship for 
 your regard for those interests, however mistaken I may 
 deem your way of testifying it. 
 
 Your unwillingness to " sacrifice the reputation of Dr. 
 Hampden" does you honour. Shall I be deemed officious 
 if I suggest to you the only expedient by which you can 
 preserve it ? For Dr. Hampden's sake — for your own sake 
 — and the sake of his reputation and your own — let his 
 theological writings be subjected to a fitting and adequate 
 tribunal. If the result be a sentence of exculpation, then, 
 indeed, Dr. Hampden's reputation will be upheld and vin- 
 dicated ; then, indeed, it will " not be sacrificed," which else 
 it must be if he be forced, or if it be attempted to force him 
 on the reluctant and reclamant church, by rousing into life 
 and activity the hitherto dormant powers of the most hateful 
 and most tyrannical law which is permitted to pollute our 
 statute book. 
 
 But your lordship is further resolved " not to sacrifice" 
 what you call " the rights of the Crown," founded upon that 
 statute. 
 
 My lord, the name of Russell ought to be— ever will be, I 
 am sure, in your reflecting hours — a security to us against 
 the application by you of a phrase so sacred as " the rights 
 of the Crown," to a matter so foul as the provisions of the 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 (39 
 
 statute of which I am writing. My lord, the Crown has no 
 right, can have no right (I trust, too, that it will he found to 
 have no power), to force a bishop on the church whom the 
 church has just right to reject as a "setter forth of erroneous 
 and strange doctrine, contrary to God's word." True, my 
 lord, the statute 25 Henry VIII., chap. 20 (the Magna 
 Charta of tyranny), does give to the Crown a power which 
 your lordship has been pleased to call a " right" to condemn 
 to prison and to penury any dean or any chapter which may 
 refuse compliance with such a mandate. But no statute has 
 the power to effect the execution of the mandate itself ; no 
 statute has the power to make an honest and conscientious 
 chapter to elect, or an honest and conscientious prelate to 
 consecrate to the office of bishop, such a person as I have 
 described above. 
 
 Forbear, my lord, while you have yet time. Persist not 
 in your rash experiment. The bands of your vaunted statute 
 will snap asunder, like withes, if you attempt to bind with 
 them the strongest of all strong men, — the man who is 
 strengthened with inner might against the assailant of his 
 church. 
 
 My lord, do not imagine that I am one of those who, if it 
 were within their power, would deprive the Crown of any 
 portion of its rightful supremacy, especially of its just, legi- 
 timate, Christian influence in the appointment of our bishops 
 — an influence which I firmly believe to be necessary to the 
 peace, and therefore to the efficiency of the church. Let the 
 Crown continue to nominate them, but let it exercise this 
 right, which almost all considerate churchmen wish it to 
 retain, with caution, with discretion, with due regard to the 
 feelings and the conscience of all concerned. Depend upon 
 it, my lord, the remonstrant bishops spake to you a sound 
 and pregnant truth, when they told you that the nomination 
 to vacant bishoprics is a very delicate, as well as a very im- 
 portant particular of the royal supremacy. 
 
 But I will not enlarge on this matter. Again I implore 
 you to forbear, while you yet have time. Retrace your 
 steps; and be assured every honest and good man, every 
 
TO 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 prudent and sound adviser — above all, your own conscience, 
 though not, it may be, your present transient feeling — will 
 applaud your forbearance. 
 
 I have the honour to be, rny lord, your lordship's most 
 obedient servant, 
 
 H. Exeter. 
 
 The Eight Hon. Lord John Russell. 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 27, Conduit Street, Dec. 13. 
 
 My Lord, — I have just seen a copy of your lordship's 
 answer to the address from the lay members of the Church 
 (very many and very distinguished members as I have heard), 
 on occasion of Dr. Hampden's appointment. 
 
 Connected as this address is with the subject of my recent 
 letter, I may be permitted to add a few words in reference 
 to it, as a postscript to what I there wrote. 
 
 Your lordship states "your belief that the appointment will 
 tend to strengthen the Protestant character of our Church, so 
 seriously threatened of late by many defections to the Church 
 of Rome." 
 
 I give your lordship full credit for the motive to which you 
 ascribe this appointment : but I must frankly say, that I 
 should esteem any act a poor, and worse than worthless, com- 
 pliment to "the Protestant character" of our Church, ay, 
 and a real weakening of that Protestant character, rightly 
 understood, which tends to make that character less Catholic 
 and less worthy of the confidence of the sound portion of the 
 Catholic Church throughout the world. 
 
 But I have pleasure in stating to your lordship that, not 
 only in my own diocese, but in many others, the resolutions, 
 addresses, and petitions, on this occasion, have been subscribed 
 by the clergy of all shades of religious opinion, among them 
 by those who are most strenuous in the cause of Protes- 
 tantism. 
 
 I also feel it my duty to state to your lordship, that I have 
 been assured that there was great reason to fear that, if this 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 71 
 
 appointment had taken place without strong resistance from 
 all who could resist, and without remonstrance from those who 
 could only remonstrate, there would have been a fresh and 
 more deplorable, as well as far more numerous, " defection 
 from our Church," which would then have seemed tacitly to 
 acquiesce in its own degradation, and so to have almost un- 
 churched itself. 
 
 Your lordship is pleased to condemn the course taken by 
 the University of Oxford in 1836, and confirmed in 1842, as 
 " an unworthy proceeding." 
 
 Without presuming to question the right of your lordship, 
 as an individual, to condemn any public act of any body of 
 men whatsoever, I yet may take the liberty of saying that I 
 cannot recognise the fitness (I am unwilling to use a stronger 
 word) of the first Minister of the Crown thus publicly and 
 officially holding up to indignation a solemn decree of one of 
 the most eminent and venerated bodies, not only in England, 
 but in Europe. 
 
 I must also venture to suggest a question whether this be 
 the happiest mode of testifying that "charity" which I doubt 
 not your lordship feels, but of which you deplore " the sad 
 want" in others ; or of allaying those " feelings of bitterness" 
 which your lordship, in common with all good men, must 
 sincerely deprecate. 
 
 I have the honour to be, my lord, your lordship's most 
 obedient servant, H. Exeter. 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord John Russell. 
 
 There are some parts of this letter, unquestionably 
 one of the most splendid ever written, which require 
 comment. We shall say about the application of 
 such a term as that of " Magna Charta of Tyranny " 
 to the statute of Prcemwnire — a statute which has 
 acted, and been acted on, for three centuries, without 
 offence, and without which indeed the rights of the 
 crown could hardly be maintained at all in eccle- 
 siastical matters. But we shall recite an argument 
 
72 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 of the bishop's, which has been repeated again and 
 again since the publication of his lordship's letter, and 
 held by the adversaries of Dr. Hampden to be 
 invincible. We will repeat it : — 
 
 " Your lordship is pleased to add, what (I must confess no) 
 lighter testimony than that of your own hand could make me 
 think it possible that you could write, ' that this would be, in 
 fact, to say that the supremacy which is now by law vested in 
 the crown, is to be transferred to a majority of the members 
 of one of our universities.' 
 
 " My lord, if instead of a decree having been passed against 
 Dr. Hampden for unsound teaching by the University of 
 Oxford, a judgment of the court of Queen's Bench had been 
 pronounced against him for some flagitious crime, and if this 
 judgment were urged as a reason why he should not be pro- 
 moted to a bishopric — would this be to transfer the royal 
 supremacy from the Queen to Lord Denman ? If it would 
 not, why should it be said to follow from Dr. Hampden's 
 being disqualified for a bishopric, so long as he is under the 
 censure of the Oxford decree, that this is to transfer the 
 supremacy of the crown to the Convocation of Oxford ? 
 
 " My lord, I own I am mortified at finding myself obliged 
 to answer such transparent sophistry as this." 
 
 We apprehend that this means — " Your lordship 
 would not admit the doctrine of a transfer in the 
 Jirst case, why should you in the second ? v But to this 
 it may be answered, that both parts of the argument 
 are unsound ; for, first, the Premier would admit that 
 there was a virtual transfer of the royal supremacy, 
 and that it would be a moral impossibility for the 
 crown to nominate to a vacant bishopric, one who 
 had been branded by a sentence from Lord Denman, 
 in consequence of some flagitious crime. And the 
 very ground of this overthrows the second part of the 
 argument, for it furnishes good and reasonable cause 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 73 
 
 why Lord John Eussell should contend that the su- 
 premacy of the crown is wrongly transferred to a 
 majority of the Oxford Convocation, if their decree is 
 to be a bar against Dr. Hampden's elevation. 
 
 There is a transfer in the first case, because Lord 
 Denman, sitting- in the seat of judgment, is invested 
 with the royal authority, his court is a legally con- 
 stituted court, and his sentence is the sentence of the 
 crown, pronounced by the crown's accredited officer. 
 But the sentence of the Oxford Convocation, in a case 
 like this — one in which they had no right to meddle, 
 is the vote of a multitude, not legally empowered to 
 pass the sentence at all, and whose decree, if not 
 ij)so facto void, is at least voidable. The charge of 
 sophistry may perhaps be transferred. The lay 
 address referred to in the Bishop of Exeter's protest 
 is as follows : 
 
 My Lord, — We, the undersigned lay members of the 
 Church of England, beg leave to represent to your lordship 
 the deep concern with which we have heard the report of 
 your intention to recommend Dr. Hampden to her Majesty 
 as the future Bishop of Hereford. 
 
 We have seen and heard enough of the strong feeling, both 
 of laymen and of clergy, on this occasion, to convince us that 
 the appointment, if persisted in, will stir up feelings of bitter- 
 ness whicb it would be impossible soon to eradicate, and 
 which would probably lead to consequences which your lord- 
 ship would deprecate as earnestly as ourselves. 
 
 We fervently hope that these, or other reasons, may induce 
 your lordship to reconsider the case, before you finally advise 
 her Majesty to recommend, for election to the vacant bishop- 
 ric, a person who has been solemnly pronounced by his own 
 university to be unworthy of its confidence as a teacher of 
 Christian truth. 
 
 We are, my Lord, &c. 
 
 To the Right Hon. Lord J. Russell. 
 
74 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 lord john eussell's reply to the laity. 
 
 Chesham Place, Dec. 10, 1847. 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen, — I have had the honour to 
 receive your representation on the subject of my recommen- 
 dation of Dr. Hampden to the Queen for the See of Hereford. 
 
 I am aware that there exists a strong feeling on the part of 
 some laymen and clergymen against Dr. Hampden ; but that 
 the appointment should excite feelings of bitterness is, I 
 hope, an error, as it would show a sad want of Christian 
 charity on the part of those who would indulge such feelings. 
 
 The consequences with which I am threatened I am pre- 
 pared to encounter, as I believe the appointment will tend 
 to strengthen the Protestant character of our Church, so 
 seriously threatened of late by many defections to the Church 
 of Rome. Among the chiefs of these defections are to be 
 found the leading promoters of the movement against Dr. 
 Hampden eleven years ago, in the University of Oxford. 
 
 I had hoped the conduct of Dr. Hampden as Regius Pro- 
 fessor of Divinity, and head of a theological board, had 
 effaced the memory of that unworthy proceeding. 
 
 I am, my Lords and Gentlemen, &c, &c. 
 
 J. Russell. 
 
 While these petitions, and remonstrances, and 
 replies, were proceeding- against Dr. Hampden's 
 elevation, it must not be supposed that his friends 
 were idle. On the very day which gave to the world 
 the letter of the Bishop of Exeter, there appeared a 
 letter from a lay Professor at Oxford, in which the 
 following- passages occur : 
 
 " Had the mischievous tendency of the work which formed 
 the ground of the proceedings in Convocation, been regarded 
 at that time so indisputable as is now contended to have been 
 the case by an appeal to the statute then carried, the direct 
 and statutable course of proceeding would have been to resort 
 to legitimate means for condemning it by authority, and then 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 75 
 
 to have made the withdrawal of it from circulation the sole 
 condition upon which academical confidence should be re- 
 stored to its author. 
 
 " No such method, however, was adopted ; and hence we 
 must infer that Convocation, as a body, was agreed, not in 
 condemning certain propositions as plainly opposed to sound 
 belief, but in regarding them as open to a dangerous or 
 heterodox construction. 
 
 "It is, indeed, quite possible that many members of Con- 
 vocation may have held more decided opinions on the subject 
 of the work ; but the act of the body must be construed, not 
 by reference to the alleged sentiments of individuals, but by 
 its own natural meaning ; and this certainly implies nothing 
 which might not be assented to by men whose minds were 
 not made up with respect to the purport of the passages anim- 
 adverted on, or as to the intentions of the writer. 
 
 " Is it not, therefore, hard to expect Dr. Hampden to go 
 farther in the condemnation of his own writings than the very 
 statute levelled at them, during a period of great political and 
 religious excitement, pretended to do, and to require from 
 him an admission that they actually contain those heterodox 
 doctrines which his opponents only ventured to hint that 
 they had a tendency to inculcate? For what else can be 
 meant by calling upon him to retract these imputed opinions 
 as the indispensable condition to his regaining the confidence 
 of the University? 
 
 " What more can be expected of an individual in his posi- 
 tion, or regarded as consistent with the line of defence which 
 he has uniformly adopted, than, first, that he should deny the 
 correctness of the interpretation which had been affixed on 
 certain passages of his book ; and secondly, that he should 
 evince the sincerity of this denial by his subsequent preach- 
 ing and conduct. 
 
 " Both these he is admitted to have done — the former by 
 a distinct avowal of his belief at the very time of his appoint- 
 ment to the Professorship — the latter by the uniform tenor 
 of the sermons and lectures he has delivered and published 
 subsequently. 
 
 "For my own part, as one of a body of lay Professors in 
 
70 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 this University, who in the year 1836 abstained from taking 
 part either for or against Dr. Hampden, out of respect to the 
 opinion of the many pious and learned persons who had at 
 that time cast doubts upon his orthodoxy, I feel myself con- 
 strained to abandon my neutrality now, from observing the 
 same vehemence of opposition evinced when subsequent 
 events have shown that such doubts were unfounded — from 
 recollecting that some of the prime movers of the former 
 agitation are men who have since shown themselves by no 
 means trustworthy advisers in such matters ; and, above all, 
 from finding that the falling off in the hostile ranks, which 
 has been occasioned by a large body of the clergy, no longer 
 participating in the apprehensions they had originally enter- 
 tained, is attempted to be supplied through the appeals which 
 the promoters of this scheme of resistance have at length con- 
 descended to make to the laity in various parts of the king- 
 dom." 
 
 A memorial, numerously signed, and conceived in 
 the following- terms, was published at Oxford. 
 
 " We, the undersigned clergy and laity, members of Con- 
 vocation, having heard that steps have been taken in several 
 dioceses to excite an agitation with the view of throwing 
 obstacles in the way of the elevation of the present Regius 
 Professor of Divinity at Oxford to the bishopric of Hereford, 
 are anxious to record our solemn protest against any such 
 proceedings, as unjust to Dr. Hampden, disrespectful to her 
 Majesty, and likely to prove highly prejudicial to the best 
 interests of the Church. 
 
 " Oxford, Dec. 4, 1847." 
 
 And the clergy and laity of several dioceses 
 petitioned, addressed, and declared on the same side. 
 
 As, however, the general character of these me- 
 morials could vary but little, we shall merely select 
 one — hut that one highly interesting, as proceeding 
 from those who had loug enjoyed the benefit of the 
 Professor's parochial ministrations. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 77 
 
 The Rectory of Ewelme, in Oxfordshire, is a part 
 of the endowment of the Regius Professor of Divinity, 
 and as such, Dr. Hampden had ministered in that 
 parish from the date of his appointment. 
 
 His parishioners felt it their duty to state their sen- 
 timents with regard to the teaching- and preaching- of 
 their Rector, and accordingly a meeting- was con- 
 vened, and the following- address presented. 
 
 Address to the Rev. Dr. Hampden, Rector of 
 Ewelme, from his Parishioners. 
 At a public meeting of the parishioners of Ewelme, in the 
 county and diocese of Oxford, convened on Monday evening, 
 Dec. 6, 1847, the following address to the Rev. R. D. Hamp- 
 den, D.D., on his nomination to the episcopal bench, was 
 unanimously approved and adopted : — 
 
 Reverend and dear Sir, — We, the inhabitants of the 
 parish of Ewelme, are met together to join in offering you 
 our united and cordial congratulations on the occasion of 
 your nomination to the episcopal bench. We cannot suffer 
 you to take leave of a parish in which, for upwards of eleven 
 years, you have been so well known, without some public 
 expression of the feelings of your parishioners towards you. 
 We have viewed with surprise and regret the opposition 
 made in certain quarters to your appointment ; and our sur- 
 prise has been increased by finding that the ostensible cause 
 of that opposition is the opinions you are represented as 
 holding on some of the vital truths of our holy religion. 
 Into the controversial parts of the question, as regards your 
 published works, it would not become us to enter. But as 
 the great truths of Christianity have formed the ground- 
 work of your teaching and preaching here for so many years, 
 we cannot refrain from thus publicly testifying to the scrip- 
 tural soundness and simplicity with which those truths have 
 ever been set forth by you. You have ever made the great 
 doctrine of Justification by Eaith in the imputed righteous- 
 ness of Jesus Christ a prominent feature in your preaching. 
 
78 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 You have laboured to convince your hearers of the depravity 
 of human nature, and the necessity for the renewing and 
 regenerating influence of God's Holy Spirit on the heart. 
 You have endeavoured to explain to us the scriptural view 
 of the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, showing how 
 the divine as well as human nature must have met in the 
 spotless sacrifice for sin. His birth, his life, his passion, his 
 death, his resurrection, and his ascension, have formed the 
 constant subjects of your preaching among us ; and on 
 these subjects your teaching has been in clear conformity 
 with the doctrines and articles of our church, while without 
 intolerance you have upheld her claims and asserted her 
 rights. It may be some satisfaction to you to be assured, 
 that if elsewhere your views have been misrepresented, or 
 your meaning perverted, here at least you have not been 
 misunderstood, while your personal kindness on all occasions 
 has endeared you to those whose constant intercourse has 
 given them the best opportunity of knowing and appreciat- 
 ing you. You are called, sir, in the providence of God, to 
 another and a higher, though scarcely a more influential 
 sphere of duty. New ties will be formed, and new sympa- 
 thies will spring up around you. But when distance sepa- 
 rates you from a spot where we would fain think that some 
 of your happiest days have hitherto been passed, we trust 
 that the kindly feelings with which your memory will ever 
 be regarded by us will be reciprocated by your own heart. 
 Our best wishes for your health and happi ness, with our 
 earnest prayers for your success, will attend you in your new 
 and exalted jjosition. As you have ' fed the flock of God ' 
 here, so may you ' feed the Church of God ' in which you 
 are called to bear rule ; that 1 when the Chief Shepherd 
 shall appear you may receive a crown of glory that fadeth 
 not away. 
 
 (Signed, on behalf of the Meeting,) 
 
 Edward B. Hawkshaw, 
 Curate of Ewelme (Chairman). 
 
 Ewelme, Dec. 1847. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 79 
 
 This address was forwarded to Lord John Russell, with the 
 following memorial : — 
 
 To the Right Hon. Lord J. Russell, First Lord of 
 the Treasury, etc. 
 
 My Lord, — I have the honour to transmit to your lord- 
 ship a copy of an address to the Rev. R. D. Hampden, 
 D.D., agreed upon at a public meeting of the parishioners of 
 Ewelme, who, having for the last eleven years had constant 
 experience of Dr. Hampden's character and religious opi- 
 nions as their rector, wish thus to express their conviction 
 that his teaching and preaching among them have ever been 
 in entire accordance with the articles of the church, and the 
 revealed word of God; and that the accusations now revived 
 against him in certain quarters of unsoundness are calum- 
 nious, and founded on ignorance or misapprehension of his real 
 views. They, therefore, rejoice to see that no opposition his 
 appointment may meet with can induce your lordship to ad- 
 vise her Majesty to retract her royal assent to his elevation 
 to the episcopal bench. 
 
 I have the honour to be, your lordship's obedient servant, 
 E. B. Hawkshaw. 
 
 Ewelme, Oxfordshire, Dec. 7, 1847. 
 
 But a document still more important soon made 
 its appearance. It was from Oxford that the censure 
 emanated, it derived its authority not from the names 
 and influence of those who carried the measure, but 
 "because it was looked upon as a "solemn decree" of 
 the University. The heads of houses had refused 
 to condemn the Professor, several of them gave 
 him their open and decided support ; in 1842, they 
 proposed to rescind the illegal and obnoxious statute, 
 and though the attempt failed, yet it was evident 
 that a great change had taken place in the opinion 
 of Convocation. But now they deemed it their duty 
 no longer to be silent, and accordingly they put 
 
80 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 forth the subjoined address, one which, doubtless, 
 has already gone far to reconcile the yet timid and 
 apprehensive members of the clerical body, to the 
 appointment which her Majesty's ministers have 
 made. 
 
 " To the Rev. Dr. Hampden, Regius Professor of 
 Divinity, etc. etc. 
 
 " We, the undersigned Heads of Houses in the Univer- 
 sity of Oxford, have seen with great concern the reports of 
 proceedings in various parts of the country, upon your pro- 
 posed appointment to the See of Hereford, tending to injure 
 your reputation, impede your future usefulness, and even 
 create a general distrust of the soundness of your faith in 
 our blessed Lord. Under such circumstances, although we 
 only declare the sentiments which many of us have expressed 
 before, and particularly upon the enactment in 1842 of 
 the new statute concerning theological instruction, we desire 
 to assure you that, having for several years enjoyed ample 
 opportunities of learning the tenor of your public teaching, 
 and hearing your discourses from the pulpit of the Univer- 
 sity, we are not only satisfied that your religious belief is 
 sound, but we look forward with confidence in your endea- 
 vours to preach the Gospel of Christ in his integrity. 
 
 " B. P. Symons, Warden of Wadham, and Vice- 
 Chancellor, 
 " Edward Hawkins, Provost of Oriel, 
 " James Ingram, President of Trinity, 
 " Philip Wynter, President of St. John's, 
 " John Radford, Rector of Lincoln, 
 " Henry Foulkes, Principal of Jesus College, 
 " Thomas Gaisford, Dean of Christ Church, 
 " John David Macbride, Principal of Magdalen 
 Hall, 
 
 " David Williams, Warden of New College, 
 " Frederick Charles Plumptre, Master of L'niver- 
 sity College, 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 81 
 
 " Henry Wellesley, Principal of New Inn Hall, 
 " R. Bullock Marsham, Warden of Merton, 
 " William Thompson, Principal of St. Edmund 
 Hall, 
 
 " James Norris, President of C. C. C, 
 " Francis Jeune, Master of Pembroke." 
 
 The importance of this document will be better 
 understood when we remember that Dr. Hampden 
 is himself a member of this body, and that his 
 colleagues have had the fullest opportunity of in- 
 vestigating- both his life and doctrines, that among' 
 the parties not signing* are the chief encouragers 
 of the Tractarian party, and that several who are 
 known to be favourable to the Professor, have been 
 prevented from adding- their signatures to it. Among 
 these should be especialry mentioned the venerable 
 Dr. Routh, the head of Magdalene College, who 
 was one of the parties electing- Dr. Hampden to 
 the moral philosophy professorship in 1834, opposing- 
 the illegal statute in 1836, and proposing its repeal 
 in 1842. This gentleman is now upwards of ninety 
 years of age, and has ceased to take any part in 
 public business. 
 
 Lord John Manners about the same time warmly 
 took up the cause of the remonstrants, and addressed" 
 a letter to the Premier, in reply to that which he, 
 with the other lay remonstrants, had received in. 
 consequence of their previous address. It will be 
 seen that his lordship goes as far, if not further, 
 than the Bishop of Exeter himself, in his objections 
 to the appointment in question, and his opposition 
 carries with it the more weight, on account of his 
 known character for amiability as well as integrity 
 and religion. He may be regarded, too, as the head 
 
 G 
 
82 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 of a party, stronger indeed in the head than the rest 
 of the members. 
 
 Letter of Lord John Manners to Lord John Russell. 
 
 My Lord, — I have this morning received a copy of your 
 lordship's answer to the lay memorial against Dr. Hamp- 
 den's nomination, and I trust to your goodness for pardoning 
 the following reflections upon it : — 
 
 When the Whig government, of which your lordship, 
 though not the nominal, was the real chief, fell in 1841, it 
 was the profound remark of one of the ablest journalists in 
 Europe,* that the Church was the rock on which your ship- 
 wreck had been made. Taught, as was generally believed, 
 by that sad experience, you acceded to power in 1845, if not 
 with the acclamations, at least with the good-will, of that 
 — face your lordship's Scotch prejudices — still powerful and 
 energetic corporation, the Church of England. On the eve 
 of your advent to office, it was my good fortune to stand by 
 your lordship's side on that platform, in the Mansion-house, 
 from which, before the City of London you pleaded most 
 eloquently and pathetically the cause of the Colonial Church ; 
 and I gave my vote for the dismissal of Sir Robert Peel all 
 the more heartily, because your lordship was, Avithout doubt, 
 to be his successor. 
 
 Nor, my lord, so long as the Parliament of 1841 lasted, 
 did your conduct belie, I will not say your professions, but 
 our expectations. Your lordship will, therefore, be not sur- 
 prised if our amazement and our sorrow at the anti-Church 
 career you have pursued since the Hebrides elected their 
 representative, should find expression in addresses still more 
 urgent than that which has produced your tart reply, or 
 prompt individuals to speak their mind, as I now take the 
 liberty of speaking mine, freely to your lordship on that un- 
 pleasant subject. 
 
 Theodore Hook described the method which used to regu- 
 
 Journal des Debats. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 83 
 
 late trials at the Old Bailey as the " zig-zag " system — the 
 accused were condemned and acquitted alternately ; some 
 people imagine it is part of your lordship's political system 
 to follow that convenient example. 
 
 You excite the anger of democrats by the erection of a 
 new bishopric, but you allay the rising storm by fraternising 
 with the friends of civil and religious liberty in the cause of 
 Jewish emancipation ; you conciliate the sympathies of 
 churchmen by the promise of additional bishoprics; you 
 disgust and alienate them by selecting a branded teacher of 
 erroneous doctrine for a vacant see ; by sending an unaccre- 
 dited cabinet minister to Rome, you exasperate the Exeter 
 Hall Protestant, whom you now attempt to gratify by 
 denouncing and insulting Catholic Oxford. But it is with 
 this last manifestation of your lordship's inconsistent impar- 
 tiality that I now wish to deal, aud I shall confine myself to 
 your answer to the memorial of certain lay members respect- 
 ing Dr. Hampden's nomination. That we, who signed that 
 memorial, ought to be thankful to your lordship for the 
 Christian admonition against indulging bitterness of feeling-, 
 I should gladly admit, were the bitterness of which you 
 complain felt towards an individual, and not intended to 
 apply to a political system. It may, I submit to your lord- 
 ship's philosophic judgment, be consistent with Christian 
 charity to regard with feelings of bitterness a system which 
 permits your lordship, by the vulgar means of pains and 
 penalties, forfeiture and imprisonment, to force a Hampden 
 or a Hoadley on a reluctant Chapter; while our sentiments 
 towards the presumptuous minister, or fortunate object of 
 his latitudinarian favour, are those of kindness and pity. 
 
 Your lordship proceeds — with a personal courage that no 
 one denies, and which the occasion does not demand — to 
 assure us that you are prepared to " encounter the conse- 
 quences with which you are threatened." Permit me to 
 assure your lordship that you are threatened with no conse- 
 quences at all. Seeing clearly that the tendency of recent 
 legislation has been to make churchmen weigh and deliberate 
 upon the benefits which the Church is supposed to enjoy 
 
 G 2 
 
84 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 from her existing relations with the State, we venture, in 
 guarded phrase, to draw your lordship's attention to the 
 probable ultimate result of such an exercise of the royal 
 prerogative as you have been pleased to make and now to 
 defend. If your lordship can see in the consistent, solemn, 
 and portentous gathering of the troubled waters of outraged 
 church-feeling nothing more than a political waterspout 
 which is to submerge your lordship's government, permit me 
 to say that the fault is not ours. 
 
 That in your lordship's belief the appointment of Dr. 
 Hampden will strengthen the Protestant character of our 
 Church I do not doubt ; but such, it is now manifest, is not 
 the belief of the University of Oxford, nor of the Church of 
 England. Are we asking too much of your modesty when 
 we beseech it to step in, and prevail upon you to admit that 
 the University of Oxford, and ninety-nine hundredths of the 
 English clergy, are more likely to form a sound and just 
 opinion on this matter than a prime minister who was edu- 
 cated in Presbyterian Edinburgh, and has honourably spent 
 his life in an unremitting attention to secular politics ? It 
 is difficult, I own, to read the conclusion of that sentence to 
 which I refer, without laughing, and feeling a persuasion 
 that your lordship also laughed as you penned it. If the 
 Church of England is to see, in the elevation of a Hampden 
 to the episcopate, her surest defence against defections to the 
 Church of Rome, I much fear, my lord, that your adminis- 
 tration is fated to outlive the unfortunate church that needs 
 such defenders. Common sense, or (in this instance they 
 arc synonymous) common rumour, might instruct your lord- 
 ship that past defections to the Church of Rome are not 
 likely to be repaired, nor future prevented, by the appoint- 
 ment of Dr. Hampden to the office of a chief pastor in the 
 Church of England. 
 
 But then your lordship takes refuge from this palpable 
 absurdity in the admitted fact, that "among the chiefs of 
 these defections are to be found the leading promoters of the 
 movement against Dr. Hampden eleven years ago." True, 
 my lord ; and what conclusion does your lordship draw from 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 85 
 
 this admitted fact as to the equally energetic, equally wide- 
 spread, and equally powerful movement against Dr. Hampden 
 now? Is it an answer to us, in the year 1847, who remon- 
 strate against his elevation to a bishopric, that since 1836 
 defections have occurred to the Church of Rome? I trow- 
 not; but, if it be, let me remind your lordship that twice 
 since those defections occurred, and so lately as last week, 
 has the same University of Oxford ratified its previous deci- 
 sion, and that, consequently, we speak the sense, not of those 
 who now are in communion with the Church of Rome, but 
 of those who, three months ago, sent Sir Robert Inglis to 
 represent them in Parliament. 
 
 Why your lordship should hope that Dr. Hampden's 
 subsequent conduct should make churchmen regret the 
 University of Oxford's solemn condemnation of his erroneous 
 teaching, which you are pleased to term an " unworthy pro- 
 ceeding," I am at a loss to guess ; for if Dr. Hampden has 
 expressed contrition for, and recanted the heretical opinions 
 which were then condemned, it has been in private to your 
 lordship, whom, it appears, he had not injured or aggrieved 
 by his publication of them, and not publicly before that 
 University whose character by that publication he compro- 
 mised, and that Church whose faith he assailed. 
 
 To that great and illustrious University, whose solemn and 
 thrice-repeated judgment your lordship, with puerile spite, 
 has ventured to call an "unworthy proceeding," I confidently 
 leave the vindication of its acts and honour ; and, with every 
 sentiment of private esteem, I remain, your lordship's 
 obedient servant, 
 
 John Manners. 
 
 Belvoir Castle, Dec. 14, 1847. 
 
 But, as we have before said, by far the most im- 
 portant paper which has yet appeared was the re- 
 monstrance of the thirteen bishops. This we have 
 already partially considered, and we have now two 
 additional letters to lay before the reader, which 
 will still further elucidate it; the first is a letter 
 from the Bishop of Oxford to Dr. Hampden himself. 
 
SO 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Certain members of the University of Oxford had 
 petitioned the Bishop to proceed against the Regius 
 Professor in the Arches Court for Heresy ; he de- 
 clined doing- this, but on a second application, de- 
 clared that he had no intention of preventing any 
 other person or persons from doing- so, or of throw ing 
 any impediments in the way of the proceedings 
 should they be commenced. 
 
 Such a suit 7vas instituted, and the Bishop (acting 
 ministerially) forwarded it, but on having some com- 
 munication privately with Dr. Hampden, he was 
 induced to stop all proceeding's, and his letter, now 
 subjoined, seems to give his reasons in full for so 
 doing. 
 
 The Bishop of Oxford's Explanation to 
 Dr. Hampden. 
 
 Cuddesdon Palace, Dec. 23. 
 
 Reverend and Dear Sir, — What has passed recently 
 between us obliges me to mark in some detail the steps by 
 which I have reached the conclusion which I desire to lay 
 before you. And since, under the advice of your legal 
 directors, you are led to decline all direct communication on 
 the subject, I am further compelled to address you thus 
 publicly. 
 
 You are aware that when your nomination to the See of 
 Hereford was first announced by common rumour, I thought 
 it my painful duty to represent to the head of her Majesty's 
 Government the inconvenience which, in my judgment, 
 would arise from the completion of the rumoured appoint- 
 ment. This representation was grounded on the censure 
 of the University of Oxford, and on the wide prevalence of 
 a strong opinion of the unsoundness of some of your pub- 
 lished writings. It did not assume the justice of this opinion. 
 My desire— and that, I believe, of others — was, that an op- 
 portunity should be afforded you of publicly refuting these 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 87 
 
 charges before your nomination to the office of a bishop. 
 The representation, however, produced no such effect, and 
 the apprehension and alarm which had been foreseen by 
 those who signed it were speedily displayed. As one of their 
 consequences, addresses numerously signed were presented 
 by the clergy and laity to the archbishop and bishops, pray- 
 ing that all legal steps might be taken to prevent your con- 
 secration until the matters alleged against you had been 
 brought to solemn decision. But in my own case more was 
 done. 
 
 As rector of the rectory of Ewelme, in this diocese, you 
 were placed under my jurisdiction. This, it was thought, 
 afforded an opportunity for obtaining an adjudication on the 
 question under the provisions of the Clergy Discipline Bill. 
 I was accordingly addressed by several of my clergy with the 
 request that I would employ this machinery to obtain such a 
 trial by sending a charge against the soundness of your 
 teaching to the Court of Arches. I at once declined to pro- 
 mote such a suit. I was then requested — by performing the 
 needful ministerial act of granting the letters of request to 
 them — to allow other parties to promote such a suit. Such 
 an inquiry I did not think it right to prevent by the inter- 
 position of a mere official veto. I signed accordingly the 
 necessary document, informing you in a letter dated Dec. 16th 
 that I had done so. 
 
 At this stage of the business it was suggested to me by the 
 promoters, that, the matter being now in legal train, it was 
 possible you might be willing to render to my private sug- 
 gestion as bishop of the diocese the satisfaction which would 
 otherwise be sought by a more painful process through the 
 Court of Arches. I gladly adopted the suggestion, and 
 desiring the promoters to suspend all further legal action till 
 I had communicated with you, I wrote to you a second letter, 
 in which I first stated, in detail, the points of doctrine which 
 it was alleged in the " Articles" laid before me your writings 
 had impugned, and asked you whether you would affirm 
 your full belief in them ; and, secondly, I asked whether you 
 would be willing to withdraw the "Observations on Dissent" 
 
88 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 and the " Bampton Lectures," not as admitting their lan- 
 guage to be unsound, but for the peace of the Church ; and 
 because, in my judgment, as your bishop, and in that of 
 others, they did contain unsound language. Had you felt at 
 liberty to reply fully to my questions, and to consent to my 
 suggestion, you would have given full satisfaction as well to 
 the promoter of the suit as to me. 
 
 In your letter dated December 18th, giving full credit to 
 the motives which led me to address you, you answer my 
 first question thus : — " In perfect respect to you as bishop of 
 the diocese, and for your personal satisfaction, I unhesitatingly 
 reply in the affirmative. I say 'Yes' to all your queries 
 on my belief in that sense in which they are the plain 
 natural sense of the statements of our articles and formu- 
 laries." So far your answer was of course entirely satis- 
 factory. To my request you gave no answer ; and this 
 silence I understood as tantamount to a refusal to withdraw 
 the works in question ; and satisfactory, as I thought, that 
 your declaration of personal faith ought to be to all, I deemed 
 it to be impossible for me to require the promoters of the 
 suit to relinquish it, while there remained unwithdrawn and 
 unexplained language, which appeared to me so dangerous as 
 that which was contained, more especially, in your " Observa- 
 tions on Dissent " {first edition), which was then on sale in 
 Oxford. I therefore wrote to you to say, that as the 
 language which seemed to me unsound was not to be 
 withdrawn, I could not require the promoters to abandon 
 their suit. 
 
 But immediately after writing this, I learned, from a letter 
 of yours to a common friend, that it was with no sanction of 
 yours, and, indeed, against your wish, that any copies of the 
 first edition of the " Observations on Religious Dissent" were 
 now sold ; and that even of the second edition you had put 
 forth no copies since its publication. 
 
 This entirely altered my view of the case, and I at once 
 wrote to you, requesting you to allow me to withdraw my 
 last letter, because it closed a correspondence from which, if 
 kept open, I now hoped much. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 89 
 
 I had now before me as bishop of the diocese — 
 1st. Your unqualified declaration of faith on the very- 
 points selected by the promoters of the suit as those supposed 
 to be unsoundly treated. 
 
 2nd. The virtual withdrawal of what I deemed especially 
 unsound. 
 
 There remained only the withdrawal of the " Bampton 
 Lectures" to fulfil every condition at first desired for my 
 own or the promoters' satisfaction. 
 
 At this time I received your published letter to Lord John 
 Russell, in which, to other explanations, you add the import- 
 ant admission — "I should be much concerned, if from any 
 unskilf'ulness in the use of words, I should have given rise to 
 misapprehensions. I would not assert, however, that I have 
 always succeeded in conveying my thoughts exactly." 
 
 This admission appeared to me the more important, 
 because at the same time I learned from the common friend 
 to whom I have already referred that you had expressed to 
 him a readiness to remove, in any reprint of your " Bampton 
 Lectures," any incautious or obscure language which might 
 have given rise to the impression that they contained un- 
 sound doctrines, which you had not intended to put forth. 
 Had I been able to obtain from you a direct statement that 
 such alterations should be made in passages which I was 
 ready to point out to you, full satisfaction would have been 
 afforded to those who objected to your consecration ; but, to 
 my great regret, I learned that you were now acting under 
 legal direction, and did not think yourself at liberty to 
 answer, or even to receive, any such proposals. This I 
 deeply regretted, because I am well persuaded that by such 
 explanations and assurances as you could most honestly and 
 easily give, the anxious fears of numbers now disturbed 
 within the Church might be at once allayed, and without 
 such direct assurances some I fear will still remain un- 
 satisfied. Thus, in fact, the promoters of the suit now ex- 
 pressed to me their wish for its continuance. With this wish 
 I could not comply, for two reasons — first, because I believed 
 that I substantially possessed already the explanations and 
 
90 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 assurances desired, and I felt that what the Church needed 
 was, not the assertion of a point of honour, hut a real 
 security for the soundness of your doctrine ; and, secondly, 
 hecause I helieved that to allow now the suit to proceed 
 would imply a far more direct judicial assent upon my part 
 to its fitness than I had given in first signing the letters of 
 recmest, for since I had performed that act my position had 
 undergone an entire alteration. I thought at first that the 
 Church had a right to some assurance of the soundness of 
 your doctrines before your consecration as a bishop ; and 
 when no other way of obtaining that satisfaction appeared 
 to be open, I did not even shrink, at the request of my 
 clergy, from delegating the question to the decision of the 
 Court of Arches. Since, at the suggestion of the pro- 
 moters, and by your consenting to reply to my qitasi-] udicial 
 questions, I had been made myself, as bishop of the diocese, to 
 assume the office of a judge in the cause. I could no longer 
 act merely ministerially in issuing letters of request ; both 
 parties had to a great extent committed the matter to my 
 judgment; and now, unless I was satisfied that there was 
 matter for a criminal suit, I could not think myself justified 
 in sending an accusation against you to be tried in the 
 Arches Court. Whether there was such matter could be 
 determined by me only after a careful study of the works in 
 question, with all your explanations in my mind. Re- 
 garding, then, the " Observations of Dissent," as virtually 
 withdrawn, I accordingly applied myself to a thorough and 
 impartial examination of the " Bampton Lectures." I have 
 now carefully studied them throughout, with the aid of those 
 explanations of their meaning which you have furnished, 
 both publicly since their first publication, and now in your 
 private communications. The result of this examination I 
 am bound plainly to declare is my own conviction that they 
 do not justly warrant those suspicions of unsoundness to 
 which they have given rise, and which so long as I trusted 
 to selected extracts I myself shared ; for these suspicions of 
 your meaning, and for the consequent distrust of the Uni- 
 versity, I must with equal frankness say that I discern the 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 91 
 
 cause (whilst your works remained thus unexplained, and 
 the minds of men unassured by your full profession of faith) 
 in what appears to me a not unfrequent overstatement of 
 favourite views, and much obscurity of diction, resulting 
 often from the arbitrary use of such words as " facts," 
 " doctrines," " proved," " deduced," &c. ; and hence I believe 
 it happened that men of such various parties in the Church 
 concurred not unnaturally in the expression of a painful dis- 
 trust of your meaning. But allowing for these as the blem- 
 ishes of what was, I believe, a necessarily hasty composi- 
 tion, and taking into account, as I now can, your various 
 explanations and assurances, I find in the lectures little 
 which Avill not admit of a favourable construction. And if 
 at times I long for the manifestation of a more evidently re- 
 verential spirit in the discussion of the highest mysteries of 
 our faith, I yet read in them a thoughtful and able history 
 of the formation of dogmatic terminology ; not a studied de- 
 preciation of authorized dogmatic language ; still less any 
 conscious denial of admitted dogmatic truth — I see in them, 
 in fact, so far, little more than what has been already 
 expressed in the words (never, I believe, considered liable to 
 censure) of one of the ablest of your opponents in 1834, who 
 says — "If I avow my belief that freedom from symbols and 
 articles is abstractedly the highest state of Church commu- 
 nion and the peculiar knowledge of the primitive Church, it 
 
 is first, because technicality and formality are, in 
 
 their degree, inevitable results of jiublic confessions of faith." 
 And again — " Her rulers were loath to confess that the 
 Church had grown too old to enjoy the free unsuspicious 
 teaching with which her childhood was blest ; and that her 
 disciples must for the future calculate and reason before 
 they acted." — Newmans Avians, pp. 41, 42. 
 
 Having reached, then, this conclusion, through that close 
 study of your work and explanations which the due dis- 
 charge of the office of a judge required from me, I deem it 
 my duty not only to be satisfied with the assurance I possess 
 of your future revision of the work, and to withdraw, there- 
 fore, the letters of request, but also, with whatever force my 
 
92 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 previous desire of explanation, and my position as bishop of 
 this diocese may give to my words, to entreat those who 
 have given utterance to their natural alarm at your appoint- 
 ment to weigh well the expression of my deliberate opinion, 
 that you have given such explanations of what you person- 
 ally believe on the points of suspicion, and what you intended 
 as your meaning, as may well suffice to quiet all just alarm 
 at your consecration to the office of a bishop. I am, my dear 
 sir, very faithfully yours, 
 
 S. Oxon. 
 
 To the Rev. R. D. Hampden. 
 
 Now, if the commentary made upon this most 
 interesting- letter by some periodicals be a correct 
 one, it will follow that the Bishop of Oxford had 
 never read the Bampton Lectures, till the time when 
 he was called on to sit in judgment upon them. 
 It will now be necessary to consider, first, the uni- 
 versal rumour which assigned the episcopal re- 
 monstrance to the Bishop of Exeter ; secondly, that 
 as Lord John Bussell reminded their lordships, 
 they had expressed no want of confidence in their 
 own minds as to the soundness of Dr. Hampden's 
 faith; and lastly, that the Bishop of Exeter was 
 the only prelate who did this on a subsequent oc- 
 casion, unless the words of the Bishop of Bochester, 
 in the House of Lords, may warrant us in in- 
 cluding him also. But if this be the true theory, 
 the conduct of the Bishop of Oxford is above all 
 praise. He had been misled ; but he has nobly 
 and with a most kind and Christian feeling rectified 
 the consequence of the error, and how small the 
 error was, may be seen by the grounds on which 
 his lordship seems to have acted. 
 
 He did not suppose that he could go far wrong- 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 93 
 
 in accepting- the soundness of the University of 
 Oxford, the theology and judgment of the Bishop 
 of Exeter, the honesty and integrity of Dr. Pusey 
 and Mr. Newman, in making - extracts from a hook, 
 and on those grounds, and a wide spread agi- 
 tation, he went no further than to predict, that if 
 the appointment were persisted in, there would be 
 the greatest danger both of the interruption of the 
 peace of the church, and of the disturbance of the 
 confidence which it is most desirable that the clergy 
 and laity of the church should feel in every exercise 
 of the royal supremacy, (especially as regards that 
 very delicate and important particular, the nomi- 
 nation to vacant sees,) and to mention the appre- 
 hension and alarm which have been excited in the 
 minds of the clergy by the rumoured nomination 
 to the See of Hereford of Dr. Hampden, in the 
 soundness of whose doctrine the University of Oxford 
 has affirmed, by a solemn decree, its want of con- 
 fidence. 
 
 This he did in conjunction with many of his 
 episcopal brethren, not as a public but as a private 
 act. 
 
 When he was called upon in another capacit} r 
 to decide personally as to the soundness of Dr. 
 Hampden's faith, he took such steps as satisfied 
 him that there were no valid ground of objections 
 against the Regius Professor, and he at once 
 pronounced his verdict without any regard to the 
 sneers of the captious and disappointed, or to the 
 charge of apparent inconsistency which they might 
 make against him. 
 
 Dr. Wilberforce gains more in the opinion of 
 all high-minded and Christian men, by the course 
 
94 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 he has adopted, than he could have done had no 
 such circumstances occurred at all. 
 
 The next letter is one from the Bishop of Sa- 
 lisbury, concerning* whose elevation to that See an 
 anecdote is related in the first chapter. His Lord- 
 ship had been taxed with inconsistency. The editor 
 of the Globe stated in that paper of December 27, 
 1847— 
 
 1. That Dr. Denison, as one of the fellows of Merton 
 College, Oxford, " took an active part," in 1836, in defend- 
 ing Dr. Hampden from the attack then made upon him in 
 the University, on the score of his imputed heterodoxy — 
 2. That he voted against the Act of censure by which the 
 opponents of the appointment of Dr. Hampden to the 
 divinity chair thought fit to mark their disapproval of his 
 doctrines — and, 3. That the same right reverend gentleman, 
 as Bishop of Salisbury, in 1847, joined in publicly remon- 
 strating with the Premier on his declared selection of Dr. 
 Hampden to fill the vacant See of Hereford, offering that 
 Act as the ground of remonstrance. This has called forth 
 the following letter from his lordship : — 
 
 Palace, Salisbury, Dec. 29, 1847. 
 
 Sir, — My attention has been directed to a paragraph 
 in your paper of the 27th inst., relating to myself, and ask- 
 ing for explanations of a supposed inconsistency in my 
 conduct with regard to Dr. Hampden in 1836, and at the 
 present time. I am far from making any complaint of the 
 manner in which my name is referred to ; and, indeed, I 
 feel that I am obliged to you for the opportunity you thus 
 offer me of explaining what appears, from your statement, to 
 have been the subject of unfavourable remark. 
 
 The purport of the charge which I understand to be 
 made against me is, that I, being now what you are pleased 
 to call ' one of the remonstrant Bishops,' did, as fellow of 
 Merton College, Oxford, take an active part, in 1836, in 
 defending Dr. Hampden. My answer to this is a simple 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 05 
 
 denial of the alleged fact. I took no part whatever in 
 defending Dr. Hampden in 1836 ; neither in writing nor by 
 word did I engage in any, the least, degree in the contro- 
 versy then carried on. I regarded the appointment of Dr. 
 Hampden as Regius Professor at that time as a most ill- 
 advised and unhappy one ; for I was well aware of the 
 disturbance it would occasion in the University and the 
 Church. As soon as I heard of it, I expressed myself to this 
 effect to the person who communicated it to me ; and when- 
 ever else I spoke respecting it, it was in the same sense". 
 Had there been the opportunity of joining in any represen- 
 tation to prevent such an appointment from being made, I 
 would willingly have done so : nor did I ever express the 
 slightest approval of the opinions attributed to Dr. Hamp- 
 den, which were at that time the subject of debate; and to 
 which, it was well known to all who were accpiainted with 
 me that my sentiments were entirely opposed. 
 
 But it is true that, after the appointment was made, I 
 could not approve either of the spirit in which much of the 
 agitation on the subject appeared to be carried on, or of the 
 manner in which it was proposed by the majority of the 
 university to mark their disapproval of the appointment. 
 Many of the attacks upon Dr. Hampden appeared to me to 
 be wanting in fairness; and I saw that the decision would be 
 made, in some manner at least, under the influence of feelings 
 partaking more of the character of popular excitement than 
 of judicial calmness. I could not, therefore, take any part in 
 such proceeding, but stood altogether aloof from all previous 
 discussion, and contented myself, when the statute was pro- 
 posed, with giving a silent vote against it. 
 
 I am not aware that there is any inconsistency between 
 the part I then took and my conduct on the present occasion. 
 
 The experience we had of the manner in which the peace 
 of the Church was disturbed, by the appointment of Dr. 
 Hampden to the Regius Professorship, gave reason to appre- 
 hend that a similar result would follow from his nomination 
 to the episcopate ; and we had further reason to believe with 
 certainty that such would be the case. I, therefore, thought 
 
90 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 it consistent with my duty to join with the majority of my 
 right rev. brethren in that representation to the noble lord at 
 the head of her Majesty's Government which is the occasion 
 of your remark. I must beg to be allowed to direct your 
 attention to the real object and purport of your representa- 
 tion. 
 
 It was not intended, as it has been described, as a hostile 
 protest, or as part of a system of agitation ; but it was ex- 
 pressly designed to be a private and friendly representation 
 to the Prime Minister of dangers which we saw reason to 
 apprehend, and of which we were disposed to believe that he 
 was not ecpaally aware. We did not assume the justice of 
 the imputations against Dr. Hampden ; for this would have 
 been prejudging what might thereafter be the subject of 
 judicial inquiry : but we deemed the fact of the existence of 
 such charges, and the prevalence of the belief in them 
 amongst the members of the Church, matter not unfitted to be 
 submitted to the consideration of a Minister responsible for 
 the exercise of the most delicate of the functions of the royal 
 prerogative, with reference to a proposed appointment, 
 known to us only by public i-umour, and with respect to 
 which we hoped that it might still not be too late either for 
 other arrangements to be made, or for satisfaction to be ob- 
 tained on the points which caused uneasiness. 
 
 The event certainly has not shown that our apprehensions 
 were either unfounded or exaggerated. It is not, however, 
 my object, to make any remarks calculated to aggravate 
 troubles, the prevention of which was the sole purpose of the 
 intervention of my right reverend brethren and myself. I 
 have only wished to vindicate the consistency of my own 
 conduct from the imputations which I learn from you have 
 been cast upon it; and if I shall have succeeded in doing this 
 to the satisfaction of candid and considerate judges, I shall 
 not greatly regard censures which may be directed against 
 me by those of a contrary temper. I am, sir, your faithful 
 servant, 
 
 E. Sarum. 
 
 In this interesting- letter, we find the Bishop giving* 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 97 
 
 a far more severe, though dignified, rebuke to the 
 tumultuous Oxford Convocation than he could have by 
 any more lengthened or more vehement demonstra- 
 tion; and thus, at this stage of the proceeding's, we 
 find the Bishop-designate of Hereford supported by 
 his own present diocesan, virtually restored to the 
 confidence of the University, openly pronounced free 
 from error by a large majority of the heads of houses, 
 and overwhelmed with addresses of congratulation and 
 confidence from all quarters. 
 
 On the other hand, it cannot be denied that there is 
 much "alarm and apprehension," though, we believe, 
 rapidly diminishing. The Bishop of Exeter has 
 expressed his opinions in a way not to be mistaken, 
 and there have been addresses, and petitions, and 
 remonstrances against the appointment, as numerous 
 at least as those in favour of it. 
 
 It must, however, be borne in mind, that many of 
 these latter are friendly in spirit, and go no further 
 than to pray for an investigation into the soundness 
 of the Bishop-designate ; or, at least, that no obstacles 
 may be placed in the way of such an investigation. 
 
 With such an intent, and in such a spirit, the fol- 
 lowing declaration was drawn up by the Archdea- 
 con of London. Pressed by many and importunate 
 petitioners to hold a meeting of the clergy in his 
 archdeaconry, and doubting whether the result of such 
 meeting would promote the peace and prosperity of 
 the Church, the Archdeacon replied by a circular : — 
 
 Charterhouse, December 16, 1847. 
 Reverend Sir. — A requisition has been presented to me, 
 signed by several of the clergy of my archdeaconry, to con- 
 vene a meeting for the purpose of considering " what course 
 should be taken with respect to the rumoured appointment of 
 
 H 
 
98 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Dr. Hampden to the See of Hereford ;" but as I have great 
 doubt as to the expediency of holding such a meeting, 1 have 
 thought it the more convenient course to draw up the accom- 
 panying declaration, and to send a copy of it to each of the 
 clergy of my archdeaconry. 
 
 The declaration, to which I have affixed my own name, will 
 remain for a few days in the library of Sion College, in order 
 to allow such of the clergy as approve of it the opportunity of 
 adding their names. 
 
 I am, Reverend Sir, yours faithfully, 
 
 W. H. Hale. 
 
 We, the archdeacon and clergy of the archdeaconry of Lon- 
 don, whose names are hereunto affixed, having learned that 
 the expediency of the nomination of the Regius Professor of 
 Divinity in the University of Oxford to the see of Hereford 
 has been publicly called in question by several of the prelates 
 of our church, and being also aware that a statute was passed 
 in the year 1836, in the convocation of the University of Ox- 
 ford, in which the writings of the said Regius Professor were 
 stated to be the ground of his exclusion from the performance 
 of certain duties heretofore confided to the Regius Professor 
 — do hereby declare our opinion, that it is the duty of her 
 Majesty's ministers not to interpose the authority of the Crown 
 against any legal proceedings, which may afford to Dr. Hamp- 
 den the opportunity of justifying his appointment to the vacant 
 See, by proving before a proper tribunal the conformity of the 
 opinions contained in his writings with the doctrines and dis- 
 cipline of the Church of England. 
 
 We deem it due to ourselves also to state that, while we dis- 
 avow any desire to impede the exercise of the royal preroga- 
 tive in the nomination of bishops to vacant sees, we cannot 
 contemplate without alarm the prospect of a really compulsory 
 election and confirmation of a bishop; nor consider such a 
 proceeding, however sanctioned by statute-law, in any other 
 light than as a withholding from the Church of England that 
 liberty which is now essential to the preservation of her purity, 
 and the maintenance of her integrity. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 99 
 
 One or two letters were published on this occasion : 
 that from Dr. Hughes subjoined ; but the scope and 
 intent of the petition, at least as far as the Arch- 
 deacon's views are concerned, was much mistaken. 
 It was stated very generally, but very erroneously, to 
 be a "manifesto" against Dr. Hampden. Many, on 
 that ground, declined to attach their signatures to it ; 
 while many more signed it for the very purpose of 
 setting' forth their objection to him, and objected to 
 what they considered the ambiguity of the terms 
 employed. After about a fortnight, it had received 
 about fort} r signatures. Among them, the writer of 
 this attached his own, fully believing that if any 
 investigation were allowed, the injustice, as well as the 
 illegality, of the Oxford statute would be proved, and 
 the chief part of the agitation against Dr. Hampden 
 be shown to be groundless. The following is Dr. 
 Hughes's letter : — 
 
 St. John's Rectory, Clerkenwell, Dec. 18, 1847. 
 
 Venerable Sir, — I have received a letter bearing your 
 signature accompanied with the copy of a declaration, the 
 spirit of which is opposed to the appointment of Dr. Hampden 
 to the see of Hereford, and stating that you have affixed your 
 name to it, and that it will remain for a few days in the 
 Library of Sion College, in order to allow such of the clergy 
 as approve of it the opportunity of adding their names. 
 
 Although the letter does not call for an answer, yet to 
 prevent misconception as to my own and other clergymen's 
 views on the subject, I think it my duty to notice it, by 
 respectfully informing you that I entirely dissent from the 
 sentiments contained in that declaration ; and that I have, 
 along with several London clergymen of high character, 
 already signed an address to Dr. Hampden, expressive of our 
 confidence in the soundness of his theology, and of our 
 
100 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 unqualified approbation of his elevation to the episcopate. 
 I have the honour to remain, Venerable Sir, 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 Hugh Hughes, D.D., 
 Rector of St. John's, Clerkenwell. 
 Ven. Archdeacon jHale. 
 
 This part of the subject can scarcely be better 
 wound up than by allowing - Dr. Hampden and Lord 
 John Russell to speak, each for himself : — 
 
 Dr. Hampden's Letter to Lord John Russell. 
 
 My Lord, — It is indeed painful to an honest mind to have 
 to answer a charge of unfaithfulness to a high trust. And 
 what else is the charge alleged by certain parties, who arc 
 reviving a clamour against nic, and agitating the clergy with 
 their jealousies and alarms, but that of unfaithfulness to my 
 engagements to the church of which I am a minister? If a 
 person holds not in sincerity the doctrines of the church to 
 whose ministry he has been called — if he is nominally and 
 professedly in the church, but in heart dissents from, or is 
 indifferent about, its faith — what is this, which is the sub- 
 stance, as far as appears to me, of what has been advanced 
 against me, but an imputation of the grossest dereliction of 
 religious and moral duty? 
 
 In ordinary circumstances, I might treat such an attack 
 with silent contempt. But there are occasions which demand 
 a sacrifice of feeling. And the present appears to be such an 
 occasion, when, by thus publicly addressing your lordship, I 
 shall at once discharge a duty to her most gracious Majesty, 
 and to 3'ourself, my lord, the first minister of the Crown, and 
 may hope, at the same time, by a simple statement of the 
 truth, to tranquillize the minds of humble and earnest Chris- 
 tians, who may have been perplexed by the impassioned 
 appeals made to thern against me. 
 
 It is, as I have said, a painful trial to have to encounter 
 such most groundless but most unrelenting enmity. After a 
 devoted service in the ministry of the gospel for more than a 
 quarter of a century, of which the last twelve years have been 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 101 
 
 divided between the labours of the Divinity chair and paro- 
 chial ministrations, I might well be excused from replying 
 to accusations which my whole life, passed under the eyes of 
 men, and in the presence of that all-seeing God who tries the 
 heart, effectually refutes — from being required to deny having 
 impugned those vital truths of our holy faith which it has 
 been my constant study to uphold and enforce. 
 
 Alas, my lord, how commonly in the jealousies and heart- 
 burnings of the polemical spirit is that precept of the Divine 
 law, " Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neigh- 
 bour," carelessly violated ! The promotion of certain views, 
 or the depression of an antagonist, is too often regarded by 
 the corrupt human heart as a warrant for any excess of nn- 
 charitableness, and even for untruth. 
 
 If ever there was a time when the circumstances of the 
 church presented a temptation to this offence, it is the pre- 
 sent. The church has now for many years been grievously 
 troubled by what is familiarly known as the Tractarian move- 
 ment — an organized agitation for the purpose of secretly 
 revolutionizing the church of this country, for unprotcstant- 
 izing it, as it has been said by some of the party, or "deve- 
 loping the catholic principle latent in it." With what effect 
 the movement has been working, is but too evident. Not 
 only have numbers been seduced from the church of their 
 fathers to the corrupt church of Rome, but among such many 
 even of the clergy, forgetting their ordination vows and their 
 sacred obligation to the church which carried them to Christ 
 in baptism, have led the way in the apostasy. Nor has the 
 evil been stopped by these open secessions. Many remain 
 among us deeply infected with the same principles which have 
 carried others openly to Rome. These consist chiefly of the 
 younger clergy, ready, as late events have shown, to respond 
 to the call of their leaders, and to throw the weight of then- 
 numbers into any question of high interest to their party. In 
 such a state of things, no one's theological or pastoral charac- 
 ter is safe. Any one who is adverse to the designs of the 
 party, and whom it may be worth while to attack, cannot ex- 
 pect to escape. Nothing is easier, in such times of excitement, 
 
102 
 
 A CONCISE HISTOEY OF 
 
 than to collect a number of signatures of persons whose 
 names are already registered with their leaders, and to make 
 such persons zealous and active men, as they are for the 
 most part eager to prove their chivalry in the cause, centres 
 of agitation in different parts of the country. 
 
 Nor is it anything strange or novel, my lord, which is now 
 happening. From the Scriptures we learn how the apostles 
 themselves, following their Lord in his persecutions, were 
 reviled and evil-intreated by their brethren. In our own 
 country, the learned author of the " Defence of the Nicene 
 Faith," Bishop Bull, had to complain of a charge of Socinian- 
 ism, brought against him by a brother minister of the church. 
 And before him even the excellent Hooker had to defend his 
 opinions, delivered in sermons at the Temple, against the ex- 
 ceptions of an opponent from the same pulpit ; and at a later 
 period of his life, amidst the simplicity and blamelessness of 
 his daily conversation, to resist a scandalous attack on his 
 character, which nearly bowed him to the grave. And thus 
 Archbishop Tillotson complains, in one of his sermons, of the 
 evil tongues of his days. " I know not," he says, " how it 
 comes to pass, but so it is, that every one that offers to give 
 a reasonable account of his faith, and to establish religion upon 
 rational principles, is presently branded for a Socinian. . . 
 But if this be Socinianism, for a man to inquire into the 
 grounds and reasons of the Christian religion, and to endea- 
 vour to give a satisfactory account why he believes it, I know 
 no way, but that all considerate, inquisitive men that are above 
 fancy and enthusiasm, must be either Socinians or Atheists." 
 
 Let me, then, I would say, my lord, be instructed and en- 
 couraged by those and other like examples, to submit with 
 patience to His will, who, in the mystery of His providence, 
 has appointed for good that I, humble servant of His as I am, 
 should pass through this ordeal of calumny. What is most 
 afflicting in it is, that I am accused of detracting from His 
 glory, and the infinite merits of His blessed atonement. He 
 knows, however, that I have not done so. I am solaced and 
 strengthened with this thought. I hope, therefore, calmly to 
 address myself to the objections which my importunate adver- 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 103 
 
 sarics, with all the vehemence of an electioneering contest, 
 arc recklessly throwing out against me. Let me endeavour 
 to silence that conflict of feelings within my own heart, which 
 so unmerited and so base a charge naturally excites. 
 
 First, then, my lord, I most solemnly deny the scandalous 
 imputation. As an honest man, I say I do not, and never 
 did, for one moment of my life, in thought or word, hold or 
 maintain any other doctrine respecting our Lord's most holy 
 Person, and his blessed work of Redemption, than that which 
 is plainly set forth from Scripture in the articles and formu- 
 la, ies of the church. I hold, too, and have ever held, most 
 (irmly the full doctrine of the Holy Trinity, as stated on the 
 same authority and in the same documents of the church. 
 
 Nay, I go on to say, with the utmost confidence of my sin- 
 cerity, that I have on every occasion exerted myself to defend 
 these holy truths, which I believe, not with a mere assent, but 
 really love and delight in. My conviction has been, that no 
 sermon, no exposition of religious doctrine, or exhortation to 
 religious conduct, could have any unction of spiritual instruc- 
 tion, any living power to teach or to persuade, which did not 
 derive its strength from these holy and lovely truths, which 
 describe to us God the Father giving his only begotten Son, 
 his co-equal in majesty and power, " to the end that all that 
 believe in Him should not perish but have everlasting life ; " 
 God the Son giving Himself in love, taking on Him our 
 nature, and born into the world, living and dying for us men, 
 and for our salvation; God the Holy Ghost, proceeding from 
 the Father and the Son, the third person in the blessed 
 Trinity, sent down with holy comfort from the Saviour, to 
 instruct and guide the church through all ages, 
 
 These great revealed verities, no mere opinions collected by 
 speculative reasoning, but the manifest indisputable teaching 
 of Scripture. — without which Scripture would not be what it 
 is, — I have, then, ever taught and enforced, both as most cer- 
 tain and as most necessary to be believed. 
 
 It is not my teaching, whatever may have been attempted to 
 be shown by prejudiced adversaries, that the doctrines of 
 Scripture or any other of its great fundamental truths, — such 
 
104 
 
 A CONCISE HISTOEY OF 
 
 as original sin, justification by faith, preventing and assisting 
 grace, the efficacy of the two sacraments instituted by our 
 Lord, — are nothing more than theories formed by the human 
 mind on the text of Scripture. It is a very great mistake to 
 suppose that I have ever meant this, in what I said of the force 
 of theory, in my Bampton lectures or elsewhere. It is one 
 thing to endeavour to unfold the theories on which a parti- 
 cular phraseology employed in the systematic statement of 
 divine truths has been framed and adapted to its purpose, and 
 quite another thing, to state that the truths themselves, which 
 that phraseology expresses, are mere theories, or mere opinions, 
 or probable conclusions, having no positive certainty in them. 
 This latter misconstruction belongs to those who have taken it 
 up. It is net mine; it has no warrant in anything that I have 
 said in theological discussion. My Bampton lectures, indeed, 
 were not written for popular reading, but for such as should 
 come to the study of the subject with some previous know- 
 ledge both of theological questions and of ancient philosophy. 
 It is no wonder, then, that they should be open to misrepre- 
 sentation to ordinary readers. I should be much concerned 
 if, from any unskilfulness in the use of words, I should have 
 given rise to misapprehension. I would not assert, however, 
 that I have always succeeded in conveying my thoughts 
 exactly. But I am not, at any rate, to be blamed for some 
 mistakes, or rather, perversions of my meaning. For this I 
 know, that arguments which I have advanced in support of the 
 truth, have, in many instances, by an artful selection of de- 
 tached words, been represented as upholding the very errors 
 which they refuted. 
 
 But whatever has been done by hostile and uncandid expo- 
 sitors in the way of perverting or obscuring my meaning, I 
 have the satisfaction of knowing that many honest and intelli- 
 gent minds have apprehended my true intent, and appreciated 
 my labours. Thus, for instance, this or that person would not 
 or could not see, that it is a strong argument for the truth of 
 the catholic doctrine of the Trinity, that even heretics (as I 
 have urged) have in some sense professed it, however imper- 
 fectly and injuriously, thus acknowledging the truth amidst 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 105 
 
 their vain attempts to corrupt and destroy it, unconsciously 
 bearing testimony to its existence in disputing it: and the 
 truth itself show ing its vital strength in surviving their attacks. 
 
 Many such instances of cruel misrepresentation I could 
 allege. But I will not weary your lordship's patience. Let 
 me, however, be suffered to say, what I would fain have re- 
 membered only in thanksgiving to Him whose grace enables 
 us to think or do anything good, that I have reason to bless 
 God that in one instance at least I have not laboured in vain; 
 but that a person, now a pious and distinguished minister of 
 Christ, was confirmed and fixed, by what I have advanced on 
 the subject of theTrinitarian controversies, in the true faith of 
 that holy mystery. And does not this one fact more than 
 outweigh the assertions of a thousand anonj'mous writers in 
 newspapers, copying one another, and repeating the original 
 false statement of the first mistaken or misrepresenting com- 
 mentators ? 
 
 Most sincerely, then, and most firmly do I believe that there 
 is but one catholic faith — one invariable standard of orthodox 
 truth; and that all departures from this, consequently, are 
 errors of doctrine and corruptions of the faith, and not that 
 " form of sound words" which God has set forth to us in his 
 revelation. 
 
 I challenge my impugners to disprove this assertion of my 
 belief, not by sophistical constructions, not by garbled quo- 
 tations, such as the public has been too familiar with from 
 their hands ; not by mere verbal inferences, not by the false 
 colouring of their own minds, or by the shadows cast from 
 their own theories ; but from plain and direct assertions qua- 
 lified and explained, as all assertions must be, by the context 
 and other passages, and the general tenour of my writings. 
 They have hitherto kept certain portions of my publications as 
 much as possible out of view. They have continued repeating 
 certain sentences, or half sentences, as if these were so many 
 oracular dicta of mine, striking ever on the same note which 
 they once found to awaken a chord in the minds of the unin- 
 formed or the prejudiced, skilfully; indeed, as tacticians, but 
 most dishonestly as men. Let them, then, abandon these 
 
106 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 mere party polemics. Let them fairly show, if they can, where 
 I have expressed the slightest doubt of the truth, or of the 
 importance of the great Christian doctrines which are the 
 foundation of our faith. I may appeal to any of my sermons, 
 preached or published, (I include, in this reference, a volume 
 of " Parochial Sermons," published by me in 1828, and since 
 reprinted,) and to every course of lectures delivered by me, 
 whether public or private, as Regius Professor of Divinity. 
 
 But, my lord, whilst I fully believe that there is but one 
 catholic faith, I am not required by this persuasion to treat 
 disrespectfully or uncharitably all that differ from us, or that 
 conscientiously declare that they, for their part, cannot learn 
 that faith from the Bible. I would do nothing to encourage 
 dissent from the church. It grieves me whenever I see it. 
 But at the same time, I am for a full toleration, if dissent be 
 only open and avowed ; a toleration, that is, extending, not 
 only to the grant of civil privileges to dissenters, but to the 
 equitable and kind consideration of their statements and argu- 
 ments, as well as of their feelings, I would try to win them 
 over — I would not exasperate them. I would not presume to 
 surrender God's truth, which is not mine to give away, or to 
 call error and falsehood by the sacred name of truth. But 
 as for candid and indulgent consideration for the persons of 
 those who are in error, this is in every man's power, and is 
 every Christian man's bounden duty to give. This, then, I 
 would not withhold even from those who have departed the 
 furthest from the true faith. 
 
 " If, accordingly) on any occasion I have ventured to call 
 Unitarians Christians, surely this must be understood in the 
 wide charitable sense of the term — not in that strict sense in 
 which it belongs to a believer in the divinity and the blessed 
 atonement of our Lord, but in a sense not unlike that in 
 which it is used in our liturgy, when we pray for "all who 
 profess and call themselves Christians," that they " may be 
 led into the way of truth," &c. What I may have said, then, 
 in charity of the persons, or of the modes of reasoning, of mis- 
 believers, cannot in any fairness be understood as indulgence 
 to their tenets. I repeat, I not only regard the doctrines of 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 107 
 
 the Holy Trinity, and of the Incarnation and Atonement of 
 our Lord, and the salvation of man through faith only in him, 
 with the truths arising out of, and closely connected with, 
 ihcse great doctrines, as most certain, but, further, as vitally 
 important to be believed in order to a saving faith and a right 
 practical religion. So intimate, indeed, I conceive is til? 
 connexion between a sound theology and a right religious 
 conduct, that they alone can properly be said to have a right 
 religion who have a sound theology. Still, the two terms, 
 ' 1 igy and religion, admit of being separately define ! 
 according to the proper notion of each. For so St. James 
 speaks of "pure religion, and undefiled before God;" point- 
 ing out the practical moral duties, the charity and purity of 
 life, wherein it consists. Surely no one can justly suppose 
 from this, that St. James dispenses with a sound theology, as 
 the basis of that religion which he describes. Nor ought I 
 to have been construed as divorcing a sound theology and a 
 right religion. 
 
 I have insisted, indeed, my lord, constantly on the supre- 
 macy of Scripture as our rule of faith ; and what consistent 
 member of the Church of England does not ? 
 
 But this very assertion of the supremacy of Scripturehas been 
 taken up invidiously by some, as if I rejected altogether the 
 authority of the church, and undervalued its importance as a 
 visible institution of Christ's religion. This, however, cannot 
 by any means be justly said of me. I have ever taught that 
 a deferential respect to the authority of the church, as it is 
 laid down and explained in the formularies of our church, 
 was most incumbent on Christians, though certainly not that 
 high and transcendant respect which is due to the inspired 
 word alone. But the fact is, that many of those who are now 
 objecting to me, will be satisfied with no view on this subject 
 which is not virtually the same as that of Rome, — ascribing to 
 the church not only an authority of order, such as is claimed 
 in our Articles, but an absolute authority for propounding 
 matters of faith, and requiring its decisions to be received 
 with unquestioning submission by its members. The church, 
 in their view, is not simply " the witness and keeper of Holy 
 
]08 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Writ," but the depository of revealed truth, the authoritative 
 interpreter of Scripture, without which Scripture is conceived 
 by them to speak an uncertain sense. 
 
 But what is this but to suppose that the church is endued 
 with an infallible authority ? For, unless it can pronounce 
 infallibly, how can the Christian be required to receive its 
 decisions as divine truths obligatory on his faith? 
 
 This notion, however, of church authority will be found to 
 be the root of the objections of this class of theologians to the 
 teaching of all who require that all doctrines should be drawn 
 from Scripture. With them the reference to Scripture is an 
 " heretical principle," because it holds up the authority of 
 Scripture over that of the church in all questions of doctrine. 
 Hence that animosity against all who thus establish the arti- 
 cles of faith, and their unchecked boldness in repeating charges 
 of heresy against any confession of faith, however sound in itself, 
 which claims to be simply scriptural in its authority. A 
 person in their view is no believer, who does not hold their 
 " church principles " — that is, who does not build his faith on 
 the church in their sense. 
 
 But, my lord, I must notice, before I conclude, the hollow 
 pretence of those who are resting their objections to me on 
 the statute of the University passed in 1836. 
 
 I think it will be found, that some of those who are urging 
 this point were the most active instruments themselves in car- 
 rying that illegal measure. Men are naturally unwilling to 
 acknowledge their wrong. More is the honour due to those 
 excellent persons who have not wished that day of excitement 
 to be remembered against me, but would now gladly erase the 
 record of it. But it is distressing to see that there are others 
 who would fall back on their own wrong, and would take a 
 false advantage from it to justify themselves to themselves 
 and to the public. 
 
 That statute, however, I would observe, has been virtually 
 repealed by two subsequent proceedings in the University : in 
 the first place, by the new Theological Statute of 1842, which 
 placed me, as Regius Professor, at the head of a newly consti- 
 tuted board of Theological Examiners : and then, in the same 
 
I'HE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 109 
 
 year, by the just act of the chief authorities of the University, 
 with whom rests the initiative of every measure, the board of heads 
 of houses and proctors, who unanimously proposed a form of sta- 
 tute for rescinding it. So far, then, as the chief responsible 
 body of the University is concerned, I am relieved of the bur- 
 den of that statute ; though the Tractarian party succeeded, 
 with a very reduced majority, however, in throwing out the 
 measure in Convocation. 
 
 And is not the history of that statute perfectly understood ? 
 How can any venture to put it forward now, when by such an 
 act they are implicating themselves with the theology and the 
 spirit of its chief promoters ? Every one knows that the edi- 
 tors of the " Tracts," and others following in their wake, were 
 the great instruments in the work of calumny on which it was 
 founded. A pamphlet, full of gross misrepresentation of my 
 writings, the production of Mr. Newman, was circulated 
 through the country. And the calumnies thus spread abroad 
 concurred with the great political excitement of the times in 
 obtaining a majority against me ; not, however, even then, 
 until after a repulse on the first assault by the firm and spirited 
 intervention of the proctors. How, then, can any 'wish to 
 sympathize or identify themselves with the chief actors of that 
 day? Where is Mr. Newman now, let me ask, the principal 
 mover then ? What are the rest doing — his old associates 
 whom he has left — but training others to imbibe the spirit of 
 their great leader, reluctant as they may be to follow him 
 throughout ? 
 
 With what real truth, therefore, can it be said that, as 
 certain persons seem to take an unenviable pleasure in repeat- 
 ing, I am under "the censure of the University?" I am not, 
 my lo d,ir ti lth. In fact, the statute referred to no opinions 
 or doctrines whatever, but only to the manner of treating 
 theological subjects. When, indeed, a censure of the Uni- 
 versity is passed, certain propositions are selected from the 
 author's writings, and the decree of Convocation condemns 
 those particular propositions. This was done recently in the 
 case of Mr. Ward, the author of the " Ideal of the Christian 
 Church." Nothing of the kind was done in my case ; nothing 
 specific was ever alleged against me. 
 
110 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Certainly, whatever may have been the first design of the 
 statute referred to, it has had no effect. It has been prac- 
 tically a dead letter. I have continued to preach and lecture 
 in the University without any diminution of attendance or 
 respect on account of it. No Divinity Professor before me, 
 I believe, has been better attended, or received more marks of 
 confidence from his hearers. 
 
 Then, my lord, if further witnesses are needed to my cha- 
 racter as a Christian minister, let the thousands who have 
 heard my sermons and my lectures speak for me. Again, let 
 any of my parishioners, who have known my manner of life 
 and conversation now for twelve years past, and my whole 
 ministry among them, — in the church, in the school, and 
 from house to house — be called to give their evidence. But 
 let not the public be deluded into a rash and false judgment 
 by anonymous slanderers in newspapers. Nor let an undue 
 weight be attributed to meetings convened by circulars sent 
 through the country, under the instigation of a few indivi- 
 duals, who are for the most part well known adversaries, not 
 only of me, but of all that is Protestant in our church. 
 
 I trust, my lord, I have not exceeded that reserve which 
 becomes me in addressing; your lordship. I am sure you 
 will not wonder at my feeling strongly on an occasion of such 
 solemn interest to me. 
 
 I have the honour to be, my lord, with every sentiment 
 of respect, your lordship's greatly obliged and faithful 
 servant. 
 
 R. D. Hampden. 
 
 Christchurcb, Dec. 9. 
 
 It will only be necessary to preface the Premier's 
 letter by the observation, that it is a reply to an 
 address from the clergy of the archdeaconr}- of Bed- 
 ford, favourable in its spirit to the appointment of Dr. 
 Hampden : — 
 
 Woburn Abbey, Dec. 30, 184". 
 Reverend Sirs, — I have received with great satisfaction 
 the expression of your opinions on the elevation of Dr. 
 Hampden to the episcopal bench. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. Ill 
 
 I rejoice to learn that you " have no share in those feel- 
 ings of alarm attributed to the clergy through the activity 
 of a portion of them," on the subject of that appointment. 
 
 Two grounds have been taken to justify the alarm, and 
 account for the activity of which you speak. 
 
 The one is the vote of want of confidence passed by the 
 Convocation of the University of Oxford in 1836 ; the other, 
 the suspicion of unsoundness in the faith. 
 
 With respect to the first ground, the Bishops of Durham 
 and Norwich, and many other eminent persons, have pointed 
 out the fallacy of placing reliance on a party-vote of Convo- 
 cation, passed in a period of party excitement, without due 
 examination, and void of ecclesiastical authority. 
 
 Mr. Woodgate has gone further : he has said, speaking 
 of a similar vote, "The proper appeal is not to the passions 
 of a mixed multitude like Convocations, where, besides 
 having no lawful jurisdiction in the case, there is no exposi- 
 tion of the law, no reference to precedent, no hearing of 
 evidence, and where the same persons are at once prosecutors, 
 judges, and jurymen." 
 
 But let us grant that the Convocation was justified in its 
 distrust — let us concede that the University properly decreed 
 that Dr. Hampden should be deprived of certain functions 
 and privileges belonging to his office, " because in his 
 writings he had so treated theological subjects that, in this 
 respect, the University had no confidence in him." Have we 
 had no experience since 1836? Is it not possible that Dr. 
 Hampden may have used expressions obscure or careless, 
 which might induce the University to dislrust his teaching 
 of theology, but that the evidence of eleven years of sound 
 and blameless conduct, as Professor of Divinity, may have 
 removed the just causes of suspicion? 
 
 Such I should imagine to be the opinion of the heads of 
 the University itself ; for, in 1842, they placed Dr. Hampden 
 in the chair of a Board of Theological Examiners. 
 
 Such I should imagine to be the conclusion of the great 
 majority of our bishops. For they have required from the 
 Oxford candidates for orders certificates that they have 
 
112 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 received instruction in Theology from Dr. Hampden. They 
 were clearly under no obligation to do so. The Bishop of 
 Exeter and a few other prelates have declined to receive Dr. 
 Hampden's certificates, and have proceeded to ordain upon 
 other testimony more satisfactory to them. So that, with the 
 exception of five or six, our bishops must have freely, volun- 
 tarily, and deliberately, required the proof of attendance on 
 Dr. Hampden's instructions in divinity as a necessary pre- 
 liminary to ordination. 
 
 Can there be stronger proofs of the confidence reposed in 
 Dr. Hampden — first, by the resident heads of the University 
 of Oxford — and secondly, by the great majority of the 
 bishops ? How few men have been elevated to the episcopal 
 bench with a greater weight of authority in their favour! 
 The head of a Theological Board of Examiners — the teacher 
 of candidates for the priesthood ; can those who recognized 
 and confided in him in these characters have believed that 
 he held, himself, unsound opinions in theology ? He who 
 was to examine others — he whose training of young men 
 was to qualify them to receive the solemn rite of ordination. 
 Surely this were to malign the University of Oxford and the 
 great body of our prelates ! 
 
 But further: I have elsewhere alluded to the fact, that, 
 some time before I recommended Dr. Hampden to the 
 Queen, I communicated my intention to our venerable 
 Primate, and received from him no discouragement. It is 
 true that the Archbishop did not appear to think Dr. 
 Hampden well qualified for the diocese of Manchester : 
 neither, on reflection, did I think proper to recommend 
 him to the Crown for that see, in the peculiar circumstances 
 of its population and Dr. Hampden's studious career. But 
 no one who has that veneration which I entertain for the 
 candour, piety, attachment to Church and State, and friendly 
 kindness of our Primate, will believe the calumny, that he 
 thought the appointment might not happen during his 
 natural or my official life, and, therefore, concealed his 
 opinion that it would be an act of reckless insult and injury 
 to the Church. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 113 
 
 I feel no doubt that the Archbishop, whatever objections 
 he might have felt to Dr. Hampden in 1836, had become 
 reconciled to his promotion by the orthodox and Christian 
 character of his subsequent writings. 
 
 It was, therefore, on due consideration of the proceedings 
 of 1836, and of subsequent years of Dr. Hampden's labours 
 at Oxford — of the many instances in which his predecessors 
 had been raised to the bench — of the policy of giving 
 rewards to learning — and lastly, of the zeal for our Protestant 
 Reformation, displayed by Dr. Hampden, that I named him 
 to *he Queen as the successor to the Bishop of Hereford. 
 
 I come now to the second ground of objection. 
 
 After I had taken the Queen's pleasure, and her Majesty 
 had graciously approved of the appointment, I received 
 privately from the Archbishop, and publicly from thirteen 
 of the bishops, a warning that the elevation of Dr. Hampden 
 would be disapproved by the majority of the clergy. 
 
 Had this objection been founded on any just accusation 
 against the life and morals of Dr. Hampden, it was not too 
 late to confess my error and withdraw my recommendation ; 
 but, founded as it was upon a charge of teaching unsound 
 doctrine, it behoved me not to desert a clergyman whom the 
 Queen had been pleased to nominate for a bishopric, without 
 some authority or substantial proof. 
 
 No such authority appeared. The conduct of the Arch- 
 bishops and bishops gave a strong presumption the other 
 way. No such proof was given: you say very justly — " None 
 such have we found: no proof or evidence of any strange 
 doctrine, contrary to God's word, as held or avowed by Dr. 
 Hampden." 
 
 On the other hand, a strong testimony of the baseless 
 nature of the charges against Dr. Hampden is to be found in 
 the " Extracts" made by his enemies from his writings : 
 " such extracts (as you say truly), by their garbled form in 
 some instances, by false connexions in others, quite reversing 
 the true meaning of the passages." The gross dishonesty of 
 these quotations has been fully shown in an admirable letter 
 by Archdeacon Hare. He observes very justly that, by 
 
 I 
 
114 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 leaving out the first words of one passage and the last words 
 of another, we might extract from Scripture the dogma — 
 " There is no God;" and the precept — " Go and sin." 
 
 The learned and pious author of this letter did not 
 originally, indeed does not now, approve of the appointment. 
 But, I think, having proved so clearly the unfair means 
 taken to ruin the reputation of Dr. Hampden, he must in 
 candour allow that, if such means are to deprive a clergyman 
 of those distinctions which our Church boasts of maintaining 
 as the rewards of learning, a fatal blow is struck at all pro- 
 found enquiry, at all enlightened pursuit of truth, at all 
 clerical independence. 
 
 Let us not mistake our position. The Church is not in 
 that easy security of the last century which gave birth to so 
 much negligence — to so much abuse of wealth — to such a 
 perilous apathy. The Church of Rome on the one side, 
 with abundant knowledge, with an imposing authority, 
 seduces many to her communion. The right of private 
 judgment is by many avoided as a dangerous snare ; the 
 duty of private judgment is thrown off by many more as too 
 heavy a burden. On the other side, the Protestant Dis- 
 senter assails the Church Establishment, as an engine for 
 fettering the conscience and taxing the property of the 
 subject. Novelties have their charm : the High Churchman 
 and the Independent speak alike, with complacency, of the 
 separating Church and State. 
 
 I know no better security against such a danger than an 
 able and learned episcopal bench — a zealous and God-fearing 
 parochial clergy. Thus may the Reformation be defended — 
 thus may the Establishment be maintained : otherwise neither 
 Parliament nor Praemunire can beat off the assailants of our 
 Church Constitution. 
 
 But it is said, I have disturbed the peace of the Church. 
 There is no use in crying peace where there is no peace. 
 The appointment of Dr. Tillotson to the primacy provoked 
 a party whose relentless fury pursued him to the day of his 
 death. They denounced him as a Socinian and an Atheist. 
 Yet our great Deliverer never made a wiser or more judicious 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVEESY. 115 
 
 appointment. In our own day we have seen the learned 
 Dr. Loyd, once Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford 
 p ursued with bitter invective when, on the Roman Catholic 
 Relief Bill, he gave expression to the loftiest feelings of 
 Christian charity. 
 
 You have spoken with praise of the sermons of Dr 
 Hampden, and your testimony is in this respect peculiarly 
 valuable. You consider his appointment as " a circumstance 
 favourable to the health of the Church." It is in that view 
 that, unconnected with, and personally unknown to, Dr. 
 Hampden, I have recommended him to the favour of my 
 Sovereign. I earnestly and devoutly hope that your antici- 
 pations and mine, may, by the blessing of God, be amply 
 fulfilled. I have the honour to be, 
 With great respect, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 J. Russell. 
 
 To the Rev. A. J. Crespin, 
 Vicar of Renhold, &c. &c. 
 
110 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Conge d'c'lire to the Chapter of Hereford— The Dean's Memorial— Sir G. 
 Grey's reply— The Dean's Letter to Lord John Russell— Lord John 
 Russell's reply — Statute of praemunire — Its penalties — How applicable 
 in the present case — Improbability of its enforcement — Mode in 
 which the election might be dispensed with— Consecration, how per- 
 formed — Proceedings at Hereford — Adverse votes of Canon Hunting- 
 ford and the Dean — Discussion as to the right of voting — Difficulties as 
 to the validity of the election— Dr. Hampden declared duly and unani- 
 mously elected by the Dean and Chapter— The Dean's protest a nullity 
 — Curious correspondence at, Oxford between the Clergy and Church- 
 wadeus of St. Thomas's parish. 
 
 The conge cV elire appeared in the Gazette on Decem- 
 ber 14th ; * and as soon as this had taken place, a 
 new remonstrant appeared in the person of the Dean 
 of Hereford. The public prints spoke plainly as to 
 the claims of this gentleman to the hitherto vacant 
 See. It was said to have been promised to him, and 
 that the late King* had made it a particular, and 
 
 * The form of the conge £ elire is subjoined, it appeared in the Gazette 
 of December 14th .-—Whitehall, Dec. 11.— The Queen has been 
 pleased to order a conge d'elire to pass the Great Seal of the United 
 Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, empowering the Dean and 
 Chapter of the cathedral church of Hereford to elect a Bishop of that 
 See, the same being void by the translation of the Most Rev. Father in 
 God, Dr. Thomas Musgrave, late Bishop thereof, to the See of York ; 
 and her Majesty has also been pleased to recommend the Rev. Renn 
 Dickson Hampden, Doctor in Divinity, to be elected by the said Dean 
 and Chapter Bishop of the said See of Hereford. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 117 
 
 indeed dying- request, that Dr. Merewether might be 
 elevated to the episcopate. But whatever be the fact 
 as to this, Dr. Merewether considered it to be his duty 
 to remonstrate ag-ainst the nomination of Dr. Hamp- 
 den, and addressed the following- memorial to the 
 Queen — tog-ether with a letter to Lord John Russell, 
 which has not become public : — 
 
 To the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. 
 
 May it please your Majesty, — We, your Majesty's most 
 dutiful and loyal subject, John Merewether, Doctor in Divi- 
 nity, Dean of the cathedral church of Hereford, most humbly 
 lay before your Majesty the assurances of our deepest and 
 most heartfelt attachment to your Majesty's sacred person and 
 government. 
 
 We thank your Majesty for having graciously granted to us 
 your royal license to elect a bishop of our church, in the place 
 of the Right Rev. Father in God Thomas, late bishop thereof, 
 and for " requiring and commanding us, by the faith and alle- 
 giance by which we stand bound to your Majesty, that we elect 
 
 SUCH A PERSON AS MAY BE DEVOTED TO GoD, and useful and 
 
 faithful to your Majesty and your kingdom." 
 
 We also dutifully i-ecognise the goodness of your Majesty 
 in accompanying this your licence with letters missive, gra- 
 ciously announcing to us that out of " your princely disposition 
 and zeal you are desirous," as we cannot doubt, " to prefer unto 
 the same See a pe?-son meet thereunto." 
 
 And we further acknowledge your Majesty's gracious inten- 
 tion towards us in " naming and recommending unto us," by 
 the same letters missive Dr. Renn Dickson Hampden, your 
 Majesty's Reader in Theology in your University of Oxford, 
 to be by us " elected and chosen unto the said bishopric." 
 
 But we most humbly beseech your Majesty to permit us, as 
 in duty bound, and in obedience to your Majesty's gracious 
 command touching the qualities of the person to be chosen by 
 us, to represent (and, if it be deemed necessary, by sufficient 
 documents to prove), that somewhat more than eleven years 
 
118 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OP 
 
 ago the said Dr. Renn Dickson Hampden, then being the late 
 King William's Reader of Theology, the said University did, 
 as by its laws, rights, and privileges, and by the law of the 
 land it is empowered, and on fit occasion bound to do, judge 
 of the published writings of the said Dr. Hampden, and did 
 solemnly decree, and by a statute in its House of Convocation 
 duly made, did enact, that the said Dr. Hampden should be 
 deprived of certain weighty functions, importing the right of 
 judging of sound teaching and preaching of God's word, 
 which had been specially annexed by former statutes of the 
 said University to his office therein; to wit, "that he be in 
 the number of those by whom are appointed the select 
 preachers 'before the University,' — and, further, that his 
 counsel be taken in case of any preacher being called (as by 
 the statutes of the said University every preacher who may 
 have delivered any unsound or suspected doctrine in any of 
 his preachings is liable to be called) into question before the 
 Vice-Chancellor." And such deprivation of Dr. Hampden 
 was expressly declared in the said statute to have been decreed, 
 " because in his said published writings he has so treated matters 
 theological, that in this respect the University hath no confidence 
 in him." 
 
 Furthermore, six years afterwards, the Convocation of the 
 said University having been called together to consider the 
 question of the fitness of repealing the said statute, so that 
 the said Dr. Hampden might be restored to the functions of 
 which he had been as aforesaid deprived, the said Convoca- 
 tion did thereupon solemnly decree that the statute should 
 not be repealed, but should still be (and, accordingly, it still 
 continues to be) in full force and vigour ; whereby the said 
 Dr. Hampden stands to this day denounced by the judgment 
 of the said University as " devoid altogether of its confidence in 
 matters theological, by the reason of the manner in which those 
 matters have been treated by him in his published ivritings." 
 
 And here we deem it our duty to your Majesty humbly to 
 submit, that not only by the people and church of England, 
 but by allyour Majesty's Royal predecessors, the solemn decisions 
 of either of your Majesty's Universities of Oxford and Cam- 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 119 
 
 bridge on questions and matters of theology, have always been 
 deemed to carry with them very high authority, and that such 
 is the renown of these your Majesty's famous Universities 
 throughout the reformed portion of Christendom, that every- 
 where their judgment is heard with reverence and honour. 
 
 Neither may we omit dutifully to lay before your Majesty, 
 that to the office of a bishop, to which we are commanded by 
 your Majesty to choose " a person meet to be elected" essen- 
 tially adheres the duty of judging of the doctrine of the 
 clergy committed to his charge, especially of those who are to 
 be instituted or licensed by him to the cure of souls — which 
 high duty the University of Oxford has decreed, as aforesaid, 
 that Dr. Hampden is, in its judgment, unfit to have confided 
 to him : the distressing and disastrous consequences which 
 must be expected to result from placing the diocese of Here- 
 ford, by the strong hand of power, under a person so charac- 
 terized by so high authority, we are as unwilling as it would 
 be painful to recount. 
 
 For all these reasons, and not least because, in common as 
 we believe with almost every considerate churchman, we are 
 desirous and anxious that the prerogative of the Crown in 
 nominating to bishoprics should be for ever established on its 
 only firm foundation, — the confidence of the Church in the 
 wisdom, the justice, the purity, the considerate and conscien- 
 tious moderation with which it is exercised; — we most humbly 
 pray your Majesty to name and recommend some other per- 
 son whom your Majesty shall think meet to be elected by us for 
 our bishop, or that your Majesty will graciously relieve us 
 from the necessity of proceeding to the election till you shall 
 have been pleased to submit Dr. Renn Dickson Hampden's 
 published writings (so judged as aforesaid by the Convocation 
 of the University of Oxford) to the judgment either of the 
 two Houses of Convocation of clergy of the province of Can- 
 terbury which is now sitting, or of the Provincial Council of 
 Bishops of the same province, assisted by such divines as your 
 Majesty or the said Provincial Council shall be pleased to 
 call, or of some other competent tribunal which your Majesty 
 shall be graciously pleased to appoint. In order whereunto 
 
120 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 we have appointed for the day of election the 28th day of 
 December instant, being the eleventh day from the receipt 
 of your Majesty's conge d'elire, and the last which we can 
 lawfully appoint. 
 
 And we are the more emboldened to lay this our humble 
 supplication at the feet of your Majesty by your known cordial 
 attachment to our holy and apostolic church, and by your 
 faithful and uniform observance of the oath made by your 
 Majesty at your coronation, — "That you will maintain and 
 preserve to the utmost of your power the doctrine, discipline, 
 and government thereof." 
 
 And even if it could be imagined that these last-mentioned 
 considerations apply not to our case, we should nevertheless 
 confidently rely on your Majesty's experienced regard for that 
 dearest and most sacred right of every class and description of 
 your subjects, the right of liberty of conscience, and on your 
 having at the head of your Majesty's councils a noble lord, 
 the proudest boast of whose illustrious house, as well as of his 
 own public life, it hitherto has been to assert that right for all 
 men against all opponents — a right which would in our per- 
 sons be trampled to the very dust if, in spite of all our just 
 and reasonable reclamations, Ave be coerced under the threat- 
 ened penalties of pramwiire to elect for our bishop a person 
 whom we cannot conscientiously believe, so long as the afore- 
 said judgment stands against him, to be "meet to be elected" 
 to that most holy office. 
 
 In conclusion, we would add our fervent prayer, as well as 
 our most earnest hope, that yourMajesty may long be permitted 
 by the King of kings to reign in the hearts of all your sub- 
 jects the approved " Defender of the Faith," " ruling all 
 estates and degrees of men amongst us, whether ecclesiastical 
 or temporal," as is your sacred and undoubted right, — giving 
 alike to all experience of the blessings of your just and benefi- 
 cent government, and receiving from all the willing homage 
 of grateful and confiding love. In witness whereunto we 
 have affixed our decanal seal this 17th day of December, in 
 the year of our Lord 1847. 
 
 (L.S.) 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 121 
 
 The following- answer was returned by Sir George 
 Grey : — 
 
 Whitehall, Dec. 20, 1847. 
 
 Sir, — Lord John Russell having placed in my hands the 
 petition addressed by you to her Majesty, and transmitted in 
 your letter to him of the 17 th instant, — 
 
 I have had the honour to lay the same before the Queen, 
 and I am to inform you that her Majesty has not been pleased 
 to issue any commands thereupou. — I have, &c, 
 
 G. Grey. 
 
 The Very Rev. the Dean of Hereford. 
 
 The Queen, or rather the Government, having- thus 
 passed over the memorial of the Dean of Hereford, it 
 became a question of great interest what steps the latter 
 would take. It was evidently hardly consistent with 
 his memorial that he should vote for Dr. Hampden ; 
 and at the same time, if he refused to do so, he ren- 
 dered himself liable to all the penalties of a praemunire, 
 imprisonment, and the confiscation of all his property 
 among- the rest. But although this statute looks so 
 formidable on paper, it becomes comparatively harm- 
 less in fact. In the times of the Tudors, it might 
 have been put into execution — for then the opposition 
 of a dean and chapter might have been a serious 
 matter ; but now the Crown would doubtless, and 
 unquestionably could, nominate the bishop and dis- 
 pense with the election, and yet leave the dean in 
 possession of his deaner}^ and Dr. Hunting-ford of his 
 canonry. The confirmation, again, may be carried 
 in the same way — the Crown overruling all obstacles. 
 And when the time for consecration comes, the Arch- 
 bishop, if he should deem it necessary to show his dis- 
 approval of the appointment, may authorize any other 
 prelate to act for him : there are many who would 
 
122 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 willingly officiate. Thus the terrors of this fearful 
 statute — this u Magna Charta of tyranny " — amount, 
 in this case, merely to forms, by which no one is, or 
 could be injured. 
 
 It would be absurd to suppose that Dr. Merewether 
 did not know that he Avas in no manner of danger. 
 We must not, therefore, look on him as a martyr to 
 principle, and deem the Church, in his person, about to 
 be despoiled and persecuted ; nor, on the other hand, 
 would it be fair to join with some partisans of the 
 bishop, and indulge in such language as the following", 
 which is to be found in the Morning Chronicle : — 
 
 When Dr. Merewether so magnanimously offends the 
 Premier, breaks with the Crown, and " precludes himself from 
 that which might otherwise have been his lot," it is simply a 
 case of "sour grapes." We are enabled to state distinctly that 
 the Dean of Hereford memorialised the Queen to give him 
 the vacant bishopric — that the Queen referred his suit to the 
 Prime Minister — and that the Prime Minister's rejection of 
 the decanal solicitation was what first provoked the late ob- 
 streperous expression of self-sacrificing heroism. It is n3 
 mere conjecture, but an actual fact, that Dean Merewether 
 was a disappointed suitor for promotion before he came out 
 in the character of saint and martyr. Before " precluding 
 himself from that which might otherwise have been his lot, 
 he had done his very best to make sure of that particular lot " 
 called the " bishopric of Hereford," and had most unmistake- 
 ably discovered that he was " precluded " already. Before 
 resigning for conscience' sake all prospect of royal patronage 
 and mitred honours, the good man had tried very hard for 
 the particular mitre that lay nearest him, and made a bad 
 business of it. What a comfort to a baffled suitor for a bishop- 
 ric to have "principle " to fall back upon, and to pick holes 
 in the successful candidate's orthodoxy ! 
 
 We suppose we need say no more to render Dean Mere- 
 wether, and his " accomplished sacrifice," and his " noble 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 123 
 
 deed," and his " high process of reasoning," and his " real 
 manhood," intelligible to the meanest capacity. The dean is 
 sulky ; and " virtue " is the safest and most respectable way 
 of "having it out" with the Minister who has been blind to 
 his merits, and the brother clergyman who appears before him 
 in the odious character of a preferred rival. Is it wonderful 
 that our dean found enough to shock his orthodox mind 
 when he sat down, fresh from his disappointment, to study the 
 " Bampton Lectures ? " What a blessed temper he must have 
 been in for calm investigation and fair criticism ! Only think 
 of a baffled ecclesiastical aspirant, with his wits sharpened by 
 pique and ill-humour, betaking himself to the perusal of a 
 learned and philosophical treatise by his successful competitor, 
 with the view of ascertaining critically whether the dispensers 
 of patronage had not made a monstrous mistake, and chosen 
 the wrong man ! 
 
 The above undoubted statement has called forth the follow- 
 ing jeu <V esprit: — 
 
 NOLIM, VELIM. 
 
 " Nolo," verecundo fasticlio, " episcopus esse," 
 Sunt consueti olim dicere pontifices : 
 Ecce decanus adest, vocitans. " Volo episcopus esse ; 
 Eligere, 0, nunquam sit mihi episcopum opus." 
 Tempi. Int., Vig. S. Silvestri. 
 
 Dr. Merewether appears to have conducted himself 
 with calmness and dignity throughout this to him most 
 painful business. No man willingly places himself in 
 an attitude of hostility to his sovereign, and that 
 sovereign's government ; and he the anticipated sacri- 
 fice greater or smaller, he who makes it must have 
 credit for his disinterestedness. Doubtless it would 
 have been far more agreeable to the feelings of the 
 Dean if he could conscientiously have given his vote for 
 the royal nominee. The time was past when there 
 could be any other person chosen, and to attribute 
 the subsequent conduct of Dr. Merewether to spite 
 or pique, is altogether unjust and unworthy. 
 
124 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Before the election the Dean addressed a letter to 
 Lord John Russell, which is here subjoined, with the 
 reply; the latter certainly the most piquant and 
 curious part of the voluminous correspondence which 
 has been published on the subject ; one which was 
 doubtless hastily written, and which the writer now 
 in all probability regrets. 
 
 The Dean of Hereford to Lord J. Russell. 
 
 Dean Merewether has addressed the following letter to 
 Lord J. Russell : — 
 
 My Lord, — I have had the honour to receive your lord- 
 ship's letter, announcing that you had received my memorial 
 to the Queen, and that you had transmitted it to Sir G. Grey 
 for presentation to her Majesty ; and by the same post I also 
 receive the information that Sir G. Grey had laid the same 
 before the Queen, and that "he was to inform me that her 
 Majesty has not been pleased to issue any commands there- 
 upon." Under these circumstances I feel compelled once 
 more to trouble your lordship with a few remarks. 
 
 Throughout the correspondence in which I have had the 
 honour to be engaged with your lordship, as well as in 
 the interview which you were pleased to afford me on the 
 subject of the appointment to the see of Hereford, it has 
 been my object frankly and faithfully to declare to you the 
 facts which have come to my knowledge, and the honest 
 conviction of my mind. I desire still to act upon the same 
 principle, and to submit to your lordship finally, and as 
 briefly as possible, the following considerations, upon which 
 I feel constrained to adopt a course which, however I may 
 apprehend it will not be entirely congenial to your lordship's 
 wishes, will, under the circumstances in which I am placed, 
 obtain from your lordship's candour the admission that it is 
 the only course which I could pursue. 
 
 I crave your lordship's indulgence whilst I enumerate the 
 special obligations to which I am bound, and I state them in 
 the order of their occurrence. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 125 
 
 When matriculated to the University of Oxford, of which 
 I am still a member, the following oath was administered 
 to me, as well as on taking each of my degrees : — " Tu 
 dabis fidem ad observandum omnia statuta, privilegia, et con- 
 suetudines hujus Universitatis ; ita Deus te adjuvet tactis 
 sacrosanctis Christi Evangeliis." 
 
 Again — when I was admitted to the sacred orders of priest 
 in the Church of God, a part of my ordination vow was ex- 
 pressed in these words — that I would " banish and drive 
 away all erroneous and strange doctrine contrary to God's 
 word." 
 
 Again — when I was inducted, on occasion of the instal- 
 lation to the office which I hold in the cathedral church of 
 Hereford, as I stepped over the threshold of the fabric, the 
 restoration of which, for the due honour of Almighty God, it 
 has been my pride and anxious endeavour to promote, I was 
 required to charge my soul with this responsibility : — " Ego, 
 Joannes Merewether, Decanus Herefordensis, ab hac hora 
 in antea, fidelis ero huic sacrosanctae Herefordensi ecclesiae, 
 necnon jura, libertates, privilegia, et consuetudines ejusdem, 
 pro viribus observabo et ea manutenebo et defendam pro 
 posse meo ; sic me Deus adjuvet, et haec sancta Evangelia." 
 £ My lord, I cannot divest my mind of the awful sense of 
 the stringency of those engagements at the present exigency. 
 Let me entreat your lordship's patience whilst I endeavour 
 to explain my apprehension of them. 
 
 In my letter of the 1st of December, in reply to the second 
 which your lordship was pleased to address to me — and to 
 which correspondence I trust your lordship will permit me 
 publicly to refer in vindication of my conduct,' should need 
 require it — I observed, " In regard to Dr. Hampden's tenets, 
 I would abstain from any opinion upon them till I had again 
 fairly and attentively read his writings." That act of justice I 
 have carefully performed, and I will add with an earnest desire 
 to discover grounds upon which, in case of Dr. Hampden's 
 ever occupying the high station for which he has been 
 selected by your lordship, my mind might be relieved from 
 all distrust, and I might be enabled as cordially as possible 
 
126 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 to render that service which the relative duties of diocesan 
 and dean and chapter involve. 
 
 It is painful in the extreme to feel obliged to declare that 
 I discover in those writings many assertions — not merely 
 references to theories or impressions of others — but assertions, 
 which to my calm and deliberate appreciation appear to be 
 heterodoxical, I believe I may say heretical, and very, very 
 much, which is most dangereus, most objectionable, calcu- 
 lated to weaken the hold which the religion we possess as 
 yet obtains, and ought to obtain always, upon the minds of 
 its professors. I feel certain that the perusal of several of 
 these works by any of that class who, "by reason of use" 
 (in cautious examination of such productions) " have not 
 their senses exercised to discern both good and evil," would 
 produce a doubt and distrust in the teaching of our church, 
 in her creeds, — her formularies, — her liturgy ; would rob 
 them of the inestimable joy and peace in believing, and be 
 highly detrimental to the spread of true religion. 
 
 Such being my conviction, I would ask your lordship how 
 it must affect my conscience in reference to those solemn 
 obligations which I have already detailed? I have sworn 
 that I will observe all the statutes of the University of 
 which I am still a member. The statute of that University 
 touching this matter stands in the following words, at this 
 moment uncancelled, unrepealed : — " Quin ab universitate 
 commissum fuerit, S. Theologia? Professori Regio, ut unus 
 sit ex eorum numero a quibus designantur selecti conciona- 
 tores, secundum Tit. XVI., 58 (Addend, p. 150), necnon ut 
 ejus concilium adhibeatur si quis concionator coram Vice- 
 Cancellario in questionem vocatur, secundum Tit., XVI. s. 1 1 
 (Addend, p. 151), quum vero qui nunc Professor est scriptis 
 suis publici juris factis, ita res theologicas tractaverit, ut in hdc 
 parte nullam ejus Jiduciam habeat Universitas ; statutum est, 
 quod munerum praedictorum expers sit S.Theologiae Profes- 
 sor Regius, donee aliter Universitati placuerit, ne vero quid 
 detrimenti cajuat interea Universitas, Professoris ejusdem 
 vicibus fungantur alii, scilicet, in concionatores selectos 
 designando senior inter Vice-Cancellarii deputatos, vel eo 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 127 
 
 absente, aut ipsius Vice-Cancellarii locum tenente, proximus 
 ex ordine deputatus (proviso semper quod sacros ordines 
 susceperit) et in consilio de concionibus habendo, Praelector 
 Dominae Margarettae Coinitissae Richmondiae." Should I 
 not be guilty of deliberate perjury, if in direct defiance of 
 such a decree I did any act whicb should place the object of 
 it in such a position as to be not only the judge of the sound- 
 ness of the theological opinions and preaching of a whole 
 diocese, but of those whom, from time to time, he must 
 admit to cure of souls, and even to the sacred orders of the 
 ministry ? 
 
 I have sworn, at the most awful moment of my life, that I 
 will " banish and drive away all erroneous and strange doc- 
 trines contrary to God's word." It may be replied, that this 
 engagement applies to the ministrations in the care of souls, 
 inherent only in parochial functions ; but the statutes of our 
 cathedral church constitute me one of the guardians of the 
 soundness of the doctrine which may be preached in that sacred 
 edifice : — " Si quid a quopiam pro concione properatur, quod 
 cum verbo Dei, articulis Religionae, aut Liturgiae Anglicanse 
 consentire non videtur, ea. de re, Decanus atque Residen- 
 tiarii, quotquot audierunt, Dominum Episcopum sine mora, 
 per literas suas monebunt." With what confidence, or what 
 hope of the desired end, should I communicate such a case to 
 a bishop whose own soundness of theological teaching 
 was more than suspected? Should I not be guilty of a 
 breach of my ordination vows if I did not protest against the 
 admission of such a person to such a responsible post, and 
 endeavour to " banish and drive away," by all lawful means, 
 that person of the 18,000 clergy of this land on whom the 
 censure and deprivation of one of the most learned and re- 
 nowned seminaries of religious teaching in the world is yet 
 in its full operation and effect, one who is already designated 
 thereby as a setter forth of erroneous and strange doctrines ? 
 Again, I have sworn to be faithful to the cathedral church 
 of Hereford. Faithful I could not be, either as to the main- 
 tenance of the doctrine, or the discipline of the Church in 
 those respects already alluded to, or the welfare and unity of 
 
128 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 that Church, either in the cathedral body itself or in the 
 diocese at large, under existing circumstances, if by any act 
 of mine I promoted Dr. Hampden's elevation to the episco- 
 pal throne of that church and diocese. Faithful I have 
 laboured to be in the restoration and the saving of its 
 material and venerable fabric. Faithful by God's help, I 
 will strive to be, in obtaining for it that oblation of sound 
 and holy doctrine which should ascend, together with the 
 incense of prayer and praise, " in the beauty of holiness," 
 untainted and unalloyed by any tincture of " philosophy and 
 vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments 
 of the world, and not after Christ." 
 
 But your lordship may reply, there is another oath by 
 which I have bound myself, which I have as yet overlooked: 
 not so, my lord. Of my sentiments on the royal prerogative 
 I have already put your lordship in possession. When I 
 warned you of the consecpaences of your appointment, of 
 the tendency which it would produce to weaken the existing 
 relations between Church and State, I fully recognised the 
 just prerogative of the Crown ; and when I thought I had 
 not sufficiently dwelt upon it, I wrote a second time to make 
 myself distinctly understood. 
 
 Nor is it only the sense of legal obligation which would 
 constrain me to a dutiful regard to such observance. Few 
 men have a greater cause to feel their duty in this respect, 
 warmed by the sense of kindness and condescension from 
 those of royal station, than myself. The memory of one 
 who anxiously contemplated the future happiness and true 
 glory of his successor, fixed indelibly those sentiments upon 
 my heart. And, if for his sake only, who could to a long 
 course of almost parental kindness add, in an affecting in- 
 junction, the expression of his wishes for my good upon his 
 deathbed, I should never be found forgetful — even although 
 I may never have taken in the present reign the oath of 
 allegiance — of that loyalty and devotion to my Sovereign 
 which is not less a duty of religion than the grateful and 
 constitutional homage of an English heart. Forgive me, 
 my lord, for the reflection on that deathbed injunction, if I 
 
THE HAMTDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 129 
 
 say, that had it been observed, — as but for party and political 
 influence it would have been — your lordship, the Church, 
 and the nation, would have been spared this most unhappy 
 trial, the results of which, as I have already again and again 
 foreboded to your lordship, it is impossible to foresee. Nor, 
 under any circumstances, is it likely that the obligation of 
 the oath of allegiance in my person will be infringed upon ; 
 its terms arc, that " I will be faithful and bear true allegi- 
 ance;" and, accordingly, the conge, d'ilire has these expres- 
 sions, " requiring and commanding you, by the faith and 
 allegiance by which you stand bound to us, to elect such a 
 person for your bishop and pastor as may be devoted to God, 
 and useful and faithful to us and our kingdom." Would it 
 be any proof of fidelity or true allegiance, my lord, to elect 
 a person as " meet to be elected" who was the contrary 
 to those requirements ? And can it be possible that in the 
 course of divine service in the Chief Sanctuary of Almighty God 
 in the diocese, however named and recommended, a person 
 should be "unanimously chosen and elected" in the awful 
 falsification of these words, in the presence of God, against 
 the consciences of the unhappy electors, simply because the 
 adviser of the Crown (for " the Crown can do no wrong") 
 has in his short-sightedness and ignorance of facts (to say 
 the least,) thought fit to name an objectionable pez-son, the 
 one of all the clergy in the land so disqualified ; and, when 
 warned of the consequences by the voices of the Primate, of 
 thirteen bishops, and hosts of priests and deacons, clergy and 
 laity by hundreds, of all shades of opinions in the Church, 
 persisted in the reckless determination ? 
 
 In the words of an eminent writer of our Church, " All 
 power is given unto edification, none to the overthrow and 
 destruction of the Church," Hookers Ecclesiastical Polity, 
 book viii., chap. 7 ; and the matter is perhaps placed in the 
 true light and position by the learned author of Vindicim 
 Ecclesia- Anglicana? — Francis Mason ; the whole of which is 
 well worthy of your lordship's notice. I venture to supply 
 a brief extract, book iv., chap. 13, 16*25 : — ■ 
 
 " Philodoxus. — You pretended to treat of Kings electing 
 
130 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 bishops and conferring of bishoprics, and now you ascribe 
 not the election to Kings, but to the clergy, and claim only 
 nomination for Kings ? 
 
 " Orthodoxus. — The King's nomination is, with us, a fair 
 beginning to the election. Therefore, when he nominates 
 any person he elects him, and gives, as I may say, the first 
 vote for him. 
 
 " Philodoxus. — What kind of elections are those of your 
 deans and chapters ? 'Tis certain they can't be called free 
 elections, since nothing is to be done without the King's pre- 
 vious authority. 
 
 " Orthodoxus. — The freedom of election doth not exclude 
 the King's sacred authority, but force and tyranny only. If 
 any unworthy person should be forced upon them against 
 their will, or the clergy should be constrained to give their 
 voices by force and threatening, such an election cannot be 
 said to be free. But if the King do nominate a worthy 
 person, according to the laws, as our Kings have used to do, 
 and give them authority to choose him, there is no reason 
 why this may not be called a free election ; for here is no 
 force or violence used. 
 
 " Philodoxus. — But if the King, deceived by undeserved 
 recommendations, should happen to propose to the clergy a 
 person unlearned, or of ill morals, or otherwise manifestly 
 unworthy of that function, what 's to be done then ? 
 
 " Orthodoxus. — Our Kings are wont to proceed in these 
 cases maturely and cautiously — I mean with the utmost 
 care and prudence ; and hence it comes to pass that the 
 Church of England is at this time in such a flourishing con- 
 dition. 
 
 " Philodoxus. — Since they are but men they are liable to 
 human weakness ; and therefore what 's to be done, if such 
 a case should happen ? 
 
 " Orthodoxus. — If the electors could make sufficient proof 
 of such crimes or incapacities, I think it were becoming them 
 to represent the same to the King, with all due humility, modesty, 
 and duty, humbly beseeching his Majesty, out of his known 
 clemency, to take care of the interest of the widowed 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 181 
 
 church ; and our Princes are so famous for their piety and 
 condescension, that I doubt not that his Majesty would gra- 
 ciously answer their pious petition, and nominate another 
 unexceptionable person, agreeable to all their wishes. Thus 
 a mutual affection would be kept up between the bishop and 
 his church." 
 
 Nor is this a mere supposition, but there are instances in 
 the history of this kingdom of such judicious reconsideration 
 of an undesirable appointment. I will cite but one from 
 Burnett's History of his own Times, A.D. 1693, vol. iv. p. 209. 
 London, 1733 :— 
 
 •' The state of Ireland leads me to insert here a very par- 
 ticular instance of the Queen's pious care in disposing of 
 bishoprics. Lord Sydney was so far engaged in the interest 
 of a great family in Ireland, that he was too easily wrought 
 on to recommend a branch of it to a vacant See. The repre- 
 sentation was made with an undue character of the person ; 
 so the Queen granted it. But when she understood that he 
 lay under a very bad character, she wrote a letter in her 
 own hand to Lord Sydney, letting him know what she had 
 heard, and ordered him to call for six Irish bishops, whom 
 she named to him, and to require them to certify to her their 
 opinion of that person. They all agreed that he laboured 
 under an ill fame, and till that examined into they did not 
 think proper to promote him ; so that matter was let fall. I 
 do not name the person, for I intend not to leave a blemish 
 on him, but set this down as an example fit to be imitated by 
 Christian Princes." 
 
 But, alas ! remonstrance seems unheeded, and if our 
 venerable Primate and thirteen bishops have raised their 
 united voice of warning and entreaty to no purpose, it is no 
 marvel that my humble supplication should have pleaded in 
 vain, for time — for investigation — for some regard to our 
 consciences — some consideration for our painful and delicate 
 position. 
 
 The time draws near — on Tuesday next the semblance of 
 an election is to be exhibited. I ventured to assure your 
 lordship that I could not undertake to say that it would be 
 
 K 2 
 
132 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 an unanimous election ; I was bold enough to affirm that it 
 would not be unanimous ; and I, in my turn, received the 
 intimation and the caution — I will not say the threat — that 
 the law must be vindicated. Already have I assured your 
 lordship that the principle on which this painful affair is re- 
 garded, is that of the most solemn religious responsibility; 
 thousands regard it in this light. I have already told you, 
 my lord, that the watchword of such is this — "Whether it 
 be right in the sight of God to hearken unto you more than 
 unto God, judge ye." I have anxiously implored your lord- 
 ship to pause — to avert the blow. I have long since told 
 you the truth. I have endeavoured to prevent, by every 
 means in my power, the commotion which has arisen, and 
 the necessity of the performance of a painful duty. I hoped 
 the conge tl Hire would not be issued until a fair inquiry and 
 investigation had been instituted. A suit has been commenced 
 in the ecclesiastical courts — why not have awaited its issue ? 
 When the conge d' elire did appear, I at once presumed, 
 humbly but faithfully, though I stood alone, to petition the 
 Crown ; and now, when I am officially informed, that " her 
 Majesty has not been pleased to issue any commands there- 
 upon," I feel it to be my bounden duty, after a full and calm 
 deliberation on the whole subject, having counted the cost, 
 but remembering the words of Him whose most unworthy 
 servant I am — " He that loveth house or lands more than 
 me is not worthy of me " — loving my children dearly, and 
 ardently desiring to complete the noble work which I have 
 for seven years laboured to promote, yet not forgetting that 
 there is an "hour of death and a day of judgment," when I 
 trust, through the merits of my Redeemer, to be allowed to 
 look up with hope, that I may be considered by the inter- 
 cessions of mercy and pity to have been faithful in the hour 
 of trial, to have " fought the good fight, to have kept the 
 faith, to have finished my course," — believing that I risk 
 much, and shall incur your lordship's heavy displeasure, 
 who may, if you will, direct the sword of power against me 
 and mine— being certain that I preclude myself from that 
 which might otherwise have been my lot, and expecting that 
 
THE HAMFDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 133 
 
 I shall bring clown upon myself the abuse and blame of 
 some — I say, my lord, having fully counted the cost, having 
 weighed the sense of bounden duty in the one scale against the 
 consequences in the other, I have come to the deliberate 
 resolve, that on Tuesday next no earthly consideration shall 
 induce me to give my vote in the chapter of Hereford 
 cathedral for Dr. Hampden's elevation to the see of Here- 
 ford. 
 
 I have the honour to be, my lord, 
 
 Your lordship's faithful humble servant, 
 
 John Merewether, Dean of Hereford. 
 
 Hereford, Dec. 22. 
 
 The following letter was addressed to the Dean of Here- 
 ford, in reply : — 
 
 Woburn Abbey, Dec. 25. 
 Sir, — I have had the honour to receive your letter of the 
 22nd instant, in which you intimate to me your intention of 
 violating the law. 
 
 I have the honour to be your obedient servant, 
 
 J. Russell. 
 
 The Very Rev. the Dean of Hereford. 
 
 The next step to be taken was the election ; and 
 rarely has this ceremony been regarded with deeper 
 interest. It took place in the Chapter House of 
 Hereford Cathedral, on Dec. 28th ; the usual sum- 
 mons having - been sent to the members of the chapter, 
 and the usual preliminaries having' been g - one through, 
 the votes were taken, beg-inning at the junior mem- 
 ber, and all were tendered in order for Dr. Hampden, 
 till that of Dr. Hunting-ford, who spoke as follows : — 
 
 " With the utmost respect for the royal prerogative, and 
 with the full conviction that it is for the peace and safety of 
 the church that the Crown alone should nominate to vacant 
 6ees, yet on this particular occasion I feel obliged to defer 
 complying with the recommendation which has been sent 
 
134 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 down to us, until a competent tribunal shall have pronounced 
 to be well founded, or not, the sentiments expressed by so 
 many bishops of our church, and by so many members of 
 one of our universities. And here, it is not a favour, but an 
 act of the merest justice to myself, considering how well known 
 I am to most of you, when I ask you to acquit me of any per- 
 sonal disrespect towards a learned and talented divine — to- 
 wards onewho,Iaminformed,issoestimable inhis disposition — 
 when I ask you to believe that I am not swayed by any of 
 those unimportant — of course I mean not unimportant in 
 themselves, but still comparatively unimportant — motives, 
 namely, a preference for one political party to another, or 
 any feeling- as between churchman and dissenter, or between 
 one party and another within the church. But while I ask 
 you to believe that I am principally swayed by higher 
 motives — motives which have no connexion whatever with 
 this earth, or with the present life, yet I will frankly confess 
 that my mind is much affected by this circumstance, that 
 among the bishops of our church who have signed a certain 
 remonstrance, there are in the first place, two prelates who 
 are said to differ in opinion on some other particulars, the 
 Bishop of London and the Bishop of Winchester ; that, 
 secondly, there is one so distinguished for mildness and 
 Christian meekness as the Bishop of Lincoln ; and thirdly, 
 there is one of so powerful an intellect, and of such sincere 
 piety as the Bishop of Oxford. I say that I confess that the 
 above facts seem to me important, and confirm me in the 
 resolution which I just now stated, that I felt myself obliged 
 on the present occasion to adopt, namely, to wait for an im- 
 portant and solemn decision on this subject from a tribunal 
 competent to pronounce it." 
 
 One or two other persons having tendered their assents, 
 it became the duty of the Dean of Hereford (Dr. Merewether) 
 to record his vote. 
 
 The Dean of Hereford rose amidst breathless silence, 
 and spoke to the following effect :— " I am standing in the 
 sanctuary of the Most High God, and, together with my 
 brethren, the ordained ministers of our Lord and Master 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTEOVERSY. 135 
 
 Jesus Christ, am called upon in the name of the Sovereign 
 of this land to choose and elect such a person as may he 
 meet to be the bishop and pastor of this diocese. I solemnly 
 declare here, in the divine presence, that it is my earnest and 
 hearty desire to be faithful and bear true allegiance, to pay 
 all humble duty and submissive obedience to her most excel- 
 lent Majesty, the Queen of these dominions, who, I feel 
 assured on her part, " knowing whose minister she is, will 
 above all things seek His honour and glory who is the 
 King of kings and Lord of lords," to whom above all I owe 
 nay first allegiance. And whereas by the exercise of that 
 civil privilege which gives to the first minister of the Crown 
 the power of recommending to the Sovereign for nomination 
 to vacant bishoprics, the Rev. Renn Dickson Hampden, D.D., 
 has been so nominated and to us recommended by the official 
 instruments this day laid before us, to the bishopric of Here- 
 ford — and whereas we the Dean and Chapter of this cathedral 
 church are forbidden under heavy penalties to elect any 
 other person into the said bishopric except the said Rcnn 
 Dickson Hampden, — and whereas, the University of Oxford 
 in full and lawful convention did decree that the said Renn 
 Dickson Hampden should be deprived of certain functions 
 and offices in the said University, because in his writings he 
 had so treated theological subjects, that in this respect the 
 Church and University had no confidence in him, and that the 
 Convocation afterwards, within five years last past, after full 
 debate refused to rescind the said decree and deprivation ; and 
 whereas the said Renn Dickson Hampden is now under the 
 effect of the said decree of the University of Oxford in con- 
 vocation assembled, and from the careful and attentive perusal 
 of the said writings, I do believe their decree to be just, those 
 writings unsound in doctrine, and dangerous in their tendency; 
 and whereas, taking the premises solemnly and anxiously into 
 consideration, I preferred a humble petition to her most 
 excellent Majesty, dated the 17th December instant, pray- 
 ing a postponement of the election until due investigation 
 had been made, and a sufficient removal of the censure and 
 deprivation of the Rev. Dr. Renn Dickson Hampden had 
 
136 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 been effected by a just and competent tribunal ; and, more- 
 over, further pleaded to her Majesty's prime minister the 
 entire circumstances of the case, together with the awful and 
 constraining- obligations by which we are bound; and whereas 
 the primate of all England, with thirteen bishops or more, 
 have preferred their objections to the said appointment, 
 and great numbers of clergy and laity throughout the land, 
 of every shade of religious opinion tolerated by the church, 
 have by the most solemn appeals entreated us to exert our- 
 selves in staying such election until such time as the afore- 
 said objections should be removed or another unobjection- 
 able person substituted — on taking all the aforesaid circum- 
 stances into my most serious consideration, I did most 
 humbly and imploringly supplicate that her Majesty might 
 even yet be pleased to reconsider this earnest and disinter- 
 ested prayer, to correct and amend the errors and misfortunes 
 which have arisen, and still more seriously threaten us from 
 the ill-considered advice of a misinformed minister, as on 
 other occasions her Majesty's royal predecessors have done, 
 and so avert the injury which must otherwise be inflicted on 
 the Church, and pacify the outraged feelings of her mem- 
 bers. And here, in the sight of God, in the midst of his 
 temple, and in the performance of the priestly office, I 
 solemnly protest that it is no deficiency in the smallest 
 degree of loyalty and humble devotion to our Sovereign, 
 or of implicit respect and deference to the laws of this realm, 
 which impels me to make this declaration ; it is the dictate 
 of my conscience, the conviction of my mind, which con- 
 strains me thus to act in arresting the progress of infidelity, 
 mockery of religion, and profaneness. Upon these grounds 
 I cannot vote for the election of Dr. Renn Dickson Hamp- 
 den as bishop of the vacant See of Hereford, and pastor of 
 the cathedral Church of which I am dean. And I do hereby 
 protest against this proceeding to-day, inasmuch as many 
 persons have voted who are merely honorary prebendaries, 
 and have not complied with the statutes of this Church 
 which I have declared I will observe ; and I protest also 
 against the majority which will be claimed, inasmuch as it 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 137 
 
 is necessary for giving validity to a vote that the majority 
 should include the dean and three canons residentiary. This 
 protest I shall forward to the Crown, the bishop elect (Dr. 
 Hampden), and the Archbishop of Canterbury." 
 
 The votes being- now all taken, it appeared that, 
 being- sixteen in number, fourteen were given for Dr. 
 Hampden, and two ag-ainst him. Those two being* 
 those of the Dean and Canon Hunting-ford. And 
 here arose two important questions respecting- the 
 validity of the election, which the Dean noticed ; one 
 that the honorary canons had vitiated it by their 
 votes, they in his opinion being- not entitled to vote at 
 all : the other, that the Dean's vote was necessary to 
 a valid majority, with that of three canons residen- 
 tiary. 
 
 Here it must be noticed that the first objection falls 
 to the ground so far as Dr. Hampden is concerned, 
 for even if all the votes of the non-resident canons be 
 struck out, Dr. Hampden still had a majority. The 
 following- conversation took place on the subject : — ■ 
 
 The Rev. W. E. Evans, one of the honorary canons pro- 
 tested against, rose, and addressing the Dean, said : — " I 
 stand forward most emphatically to declare that, on a former 
 occasion, I had a pledge from you that you would not oppose 
 the votes of the honorary prebendaries." 
 
 The Dean. "You are in a mistake." 
 
 Mr. Evans. " I appeal to the other gentlemen present 
 whether it was not so ! Three times over I asked you 
 whether any objections to our voting would emanate from 
 you, and you solemnly declared there would not." 
 
 Mr. Webb and Mr. Lewis both rose together to confirm 
 the statement, Mr. Webb stating that, at the previous 
 meeting, he said that if the Dean and Chapter did not 
 sanction the right of the honorary prebendaries to vote, 
 they would withdraw. At that time they were begged not 
 to withdraw ; and their right of voting was thus allowed. 
 
138 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Canon Musgrave. "Even if they were disallowed, still 
 there is a majority." 
 
 Lord Saye and Sele. " By the Act of Parliament, a 
 majority of the Chapter is competent to carry any measure. 
 Even if the Dean and four Canons were not present, a 
 majority of those present was fully competent." 
 
 The Dean. " It is not for the Chapter to determine this 
 point, and I only wish to call attention here to what has 
 been stated by Mr. Evans : and here, standing in this place, 
 I feel bound to state that I called the chapter together to 
 consult on the petitions that were sent in to them with 
 reference to the appointment of the bishopric — entreating 
 the chapter not to confirm the nomination of Dr. Hampden 
 — he had remarked that when the question of the appoint- 
 ment came to be decided, a cpiestion might probably be 
 raised with reference to the right of the honorary canons to 
 vote ; and he distinctly asserted that it was not for him to 
 object, but that he should receive their votes, and in accor- 
 dance with that declaration, those votes had then been 
 received. He had now done a solemn duty in the sight of 
 God, and although some amongst his reverend brethren had 
 endeavoured to throw a slur upon his character and motives, 
 he was perfectly clear of any imputations of the kind. He 
 told the honorary canons that it was not for him to reject 
 their votes, for he should leave that question for another 
 tribunal to decide." 
 
 Canon Musgrave. " As I was present on the occasion 
 referred to, I must state that you said you would raise no 
 objection to these votes. Now this protest, objecting to the 
 votes, emanates from you. 
 
 The Dean. " I am not aware that I said that." 
 
 Several members here rose to corroborate Canon Musgrave. 
 
 The Dean then stated that, according to the statutes of the 
 Cathedral Church of Hereford, nothing could be of force or 
 strength unless the Dean and three residentiary canons com- 
 posed a portion of the majority. 
 
 Mr. Lewis. " I beg to state that fourteen days ago I 
 received a letter citing me to this meeting. By whom was 
 that letter signed ?" 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTEOVERSY. 139 
 
 The Dean. " It was given under my hand." 
 Mr. Lewis. — " Your hand and seal?" 
 
 Lord Saye and Sele here read the clause in the Act 4th 
 and 5th Victoria, which provides that a majority of members 
 shall constitute a chapter in every cathedral church in the 
 country, including or not including the Dean, as his presence 
 might or might not be required by law. 
 
 The Dean said that the clause, in his opinion, did not 
 touch the question at all. 
 
 The meaning- of this appears to be, that it does 
 not affect the non-resident canon's right to vote — there 
 can be no doubt that it opens a question as to the 
 necessity of the Dean's vote, in some cases, but it is 
 quite certain that the vote of the Dean is necessary to 
 the election of a Bishop. 
 
 Canon Morgan moved that the election of Dr. Hampden 
 should be declared, according to the usual legal formalities, 
 the capitular seal being affixed to the declaration. 
 
 Lord Saye and Sele briefly seconded the motion. 
 
 The Dean remarked, that having declared that there were 
 for Dr. Hampden fourteen votes, against him two, it 
 remained for the chapter to say whether that was an election 
 of Dr. Hampden or not. The statute required that there 
 should be an unanimous assent and consent. 
 
 After some discussion on this point, the motion proposed 
 by Canon Morgan, and seconded by Lord Saye and Sele, 
 was agreed to. 
 
 The Dean. — We have now to decree three certificates, — 
 one to the Crown, one to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and 
 one to the bishop elect. They will run to the following- 
 effect : — 
 
 " We, the Dean and Chapter of the cathedral church of 
 Hereford, by virtue and authority of your Majesty's royal 
 licence, most graciously made and granted, for electing 
 another bishop of the said cathedral church, being capitu- 
 larly assembled in the said cathedral church,and there making 
 chapter (saving to ourselves all the privileges that ought to 
 
140 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 be saved with regard to the said election, as well as by the 
 laws of this our famous kingdom of Great Britain as by the 
 ancient and laudable customs of our said cathedral church), 
 and having maturely and seriously considered of a person 
 meet to be elected thereto, at length have agreed to elect 
 the Rev. Renn Dickson Hampden, D.D., Regius Professor 
 of Divinity in the University of Oxford." 
 
 The Chapter would also have to agree to the following 
 address to Dr. Hampden : — 
 
 " We, the Dean and Chapter of Hereford, being capitu 
 larly assembled, and prayers to Almighty God before all 
 things, we did, according to the statutes and ecclesiastical 
 laws of the famous kingdom of Great Britain, canonically 
 proceed to the election aforesaid in manner and form follow- 
 ing, to wit: — First, after mature and serious consideration 
 had between ourselves concerning a fit and proper person in 
 that behalf to be elected (and saving to ourselves all the 
 privileges that ought to be saved with regard to the said 
 election, as well by laws of this our famous kingdom of 
 Great Britain as by the ancient and laudable customs of our 
 said cathedral church), we did at length give our votes for 
 you, the Rev. Renn Dickson Hampden, D.D., &c." 
 
 These documents were received, and the capitular seal was 
 ordered to be attached to them. 
 
 Thus then the election terminated ; and the Dean 
 states in these papers, which are alone valid in law, 
 that he did give his vote for the Rev. Renn Dickson 
 Hampden, D.D., &c. &c. What was done inside the 
 Chapter House is not cognizable by law : the Govern- 
 ment recognizes only the authorized statement to 
 which the capitular seal is affixed ; and thus Dr. 
 Mere wether's protest becomes a mere literary curiosity. 
 Indeed, it appears hardly possible that it could be 
 otherwise ; for, as the statutes require an unanimous 
 election, by reason of that feeling- of brotherhood 
 which they suppose to exist among- all in holy orders 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 141 
 
 — a fiction at once legal and pleasant— so they admit 
 of no dissentients ; and what is done by a majority is 
 held to be done by the whole body. 
 
 The Dean being- one of the body, has no more 
 power to dissent than any other ; and the form of 
 declaring- the election must run, in spite of Dr. Mere- 
 wether's protest, in the name of the Dean and Chap- 
 ter. 
 
 Dr. Hampden, then, from being- the Bishop-desig- 
 nate, became, on the 28th ult., Bishop-elect of Here- 
 ford. 
 
 A somewhat curious correspondence, and worthy of 
 at least a short preservation, took place at Oxford 
 during* the progress of the controversy. A gentleman 
 named Margetts, who had been appointed by the Rev. 
 T. Chamberlain churchwarden of the parish of St. 
 Thomas, appears to have felt so strongly the injustice 
 of the treatment which Dr. Hampden had met with, 
 that when he heard that Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. 
 Patterson, his curate, were taking- an active part 
 against the professor, he decided on withdrawing from 
 his office ; previously, however, to doing so, he 
 addressed a letter to Mr. Chamberlain, the first in the 
 following- series : — 
 
 Letter from Mr. D. N. Margetts, Churchwarden of 
 St. Thomas Parish, to the Rev. T. Chamberlain. 
 
 Oxford, Dec. 13, 1847. 
 Sir, — I have just read in the Oxford Chronicle of Saturday 
 last, the following paragraph ; — " The Oxford memorial to 
 the archbishop against Dr. Hampden's appointment was, we 
 learn, got up by the Rev. Mr. Chamberlain, rector of St. 
 Thomas's, and the Rev. Mr. Patterson, his curate." It is im- 
 possible to forget the proceedings adopted by a large number 
 of clergymen against Dr. Hampden on the occasion of his 
 appointment as Regius Professor of Divinity, and the fact 
 
142 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 that many of the leaders in those proceedings, have since gone 
 into communion with the Church of Rome. 
 
 After a lapse of eleven years, on the nomination of that 
 excellent and eminent man as Bishop of Hereford, steps even 
 more objectionable than on the former occasion, are taken to 
 prevent his election and consecration; and, if the para- 
 graph which I have herein copied be in substance correct, 
 you and Mr. Patterson are taking an active part in those 
 proceedings. 
 
 Feeling deeply as a layman in the welfare of the Established 
 Protestant Church of England, and holding as I do, by your 
 appointment, the office of churchwarden in the large and po- 
 pulous parish of St. Thomas, I hope I am at least justified 
 in requesting you will inform me whether there is any truth 
 in the report alluded to, as far as Mr. Patterson and your- 
 self are concerned. 
 
 I am, sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 Daniel N. Margetts. 
 
 To the Rev. T. Chamberlain. 
 
 Rev. J. L. Patterson to Mr. D. N. Margetts. 
 
 Oxford, Saturday, Dec. 18, 1847. 
 Dear Sir. — I understand that you purpose withdrawing 
 yourself from the duties of your office in St. Thomas's parish 
 and from the ministrations of Mr. Chamberlain and myself 
 in your parish church, in consequence of a report which 
 has reached you to the effect that we have been active in 
 procuring signatures to a petition to the archbishop con- 
 cerning the appointment of Dr. Hampden to the see of 
 Hereford. 
 
 I will state for your information that the petition in ques- 
 tion merely solicits for Dr. Hampden that enquiry into his 
 teaching (for which he lies under the censure of the Univer- 
 sity) which it is Hie part of Christian charity to desire should Le 
 afforded him, as the only means of purging himself from the 
 common rumour of unsound doctrine which attaches to him ; 
 but I do not for one moment enter into a defence of my con- 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 143 
 
 duct, it being the sole object of this note not to defend myself 
 or others against those who have no right to judge us: but 
 simply to lay before you as plainly, but I trust also as inoffen- 
 sively, as possible, my conviction that you are entirely wrong 
 in taking upon yourself the office of a judge of the conduct 
 of those who are set over you in the Lord. I am fulfilling a 
 painful but a most imperative duty in telling you that I con- 
 sider you quite mistaken in assuming such an office. Let me 
 assui'e you that I do not pretend to judge of your power of 
 forming a correct opinion concerning Dr. Hampden's doctrine. 
 I merely object to your acting in so public a manner upon that 
 judgment ; and I say that, if your learning and knowledge of 
 theology enable you to form a true judgment, you are not 
 on that account the less to blame if you judge God's ministers 
 set over you, and desert their ministrations to the scandal of 
 weaker brethren, whom your example may possibly affect. I 
 should have preferred speaking to you, but I have hardly 
 recovered from indisposition, and therefore write instead. 
 I am, dear sir, 
 
 Your faithful servant in Christ, 
 
 James L. Patterson. 
 
 To Mr D. Margetts, Osney Mill. 
 
 Mr. D. N. Margetts to the Rev. J. L. Patterson. 
 
 Oxford, Dec. 29, 1847. 
 Sir — Mr. Chamberlain having neither admitted nor denied 
 the correctness of the report in the Oxford Chronicle, which I 
 copied and sent to him, I am truly thankful for your letter, 
 which distinctly admits the participation of both yourself and 
 him in the petition to the archbishop respecting Dr. Hampden, 
 and thus removes any doubt I could by possibility have here- 
 after felt of the propriety of the course I have taken in conse- 
 quence ; for it appears to me a matter of little moment that 
 that petition only solicits an enquiry into the soundness of Dr. 
 Hampden's teaching, which, by the way, I cannot help think- 
 ing an Irish mode of proceeding, as Dr. Hampden was con- 
 demned in 1836 without that trial which, in 1847, it seems it 
 will be " Christian charity " to afford him. 
 
144 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 The great importance I attach to the part Mr. Chamberlain 
 and yourself took, in procuring signatures to that petition, is 
 on account of the connexion which it clearly establishes in 
 both of you with that party in the Church, whose proceedings 
 are so distasteful and alarming to a vast majority of its lay 
 members. 
 
 There is one portion of your letter which requires notice — 
 viz., that in which you censure me for judging " those who 
 are set over me in the Lord." Truly this appears to me to be 
 worthy of the worst days of Popish intolerance; for it in effect 
 says, you shall make no use of your eyes or your understand- 
 ing, but you shall listen and obey ! I tell you, sir, calmly but 
 firmly, I will continue to exercise my right of private judg- 
 ment, and publicly act upon it too, whenever (as on the pre- 
 sent occasion) I conceive it is my duty to do so. 
 
 Before you lecture me again on the subject of obedience to 
 my pastor, pardon me if I remind you of the value of example: 
 had you tried that, you and those with whom you act would 
 not now be found rebelling against the very fountain of autho- 
 rity — the throne itself— in opposing Dr. Hampden's appoint- 
 ment to the See of Hereford. 
 
 I am, sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 Daniel N. Margetts, 
 Churchwarden of St. Thomas's. 
 
 To the Rev. J. L. Patterson. 
 
 This Correspondence requires no comment. It 
 will speak for itself to the laity, and it is to be hoped 
 to the clergy also. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 145 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Question at Issue — Examination of the " Bampton Lectures," and 
 " Observations on Dissent" — Extracts from — The Trinity — The 
 Atonement — Nature of the Sociniau Heresy — Necessity of Articles — 
 Distinction between Fact and Doctrine — How applied — Character 
 and object of the " Bampton Lectures " — Remarks on the Articles — 
 " Observations on Dissent" — The Oxford Statute — Its illegality proved 
 by Lord Campbell, Dr. Lushington, and Mr. Hull — The Code of 
 Caroline, or Laudian Statutes — Expediency of the Nomination— 
 ///jr^. Archdeacon Unit's opinion— Conclusion. 
 
 In the introduction to this sketch, it was stated 
 that the question at issue might be comprehended 
 in the three following" points : — 
 
 1st, The soundness or unsoundness of Dr. Hamp- 
 den's published opinions. 
 
 2nd, The legality or illegality of the Oxford 
 Statute of 1836. 
 
 3rd, The expediency or inexpediency of the late 
 appointment. 
 
 The reader will be able from the foregoing do- 
 cuments to judge for himself on these points ; but 
 it is purposed here to enter more at large into these 
 questions, than the continuity of the narrative would 
 permit at an earlier period. The narrative has 
 been brought down to the election at Hereford, 
 and with this the dispute as to whether Dr. Hamp- 
 den is to be, or not to be the Bishop, may be said 
 
 L 
 
146 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 to cease and determine. But there yet remains 
 the very serious question, whether the ministers of 
 the Crown have recommended for preferment to one 
 of the chief posts in the church, a man of unsound 
 principles, righteously condemned by a majority of 
 a great University, and obviously, therefore, unfit 
 to be placed in a position of such influence and 
 authority. 
 
 Nor is the difficulty at all evaded by the de- 
 claration on the part of some, that less mischief 
 would be done at Hereford than at Oxford ; for the 
 point to be decided is not where mischief may with 
 least danger be permitted, but whether it ought 
 to be encouraged at all. 
 
 For the purpose of showing how this decision may 
 be most satisfactorily made with reference to the 
 first point, the passages from the "Bampton Lectures" 
 and other of Dr. Hampden's writings, which his 
 opponents have singled out as most dangerous and 
 heretical, will be exhibited not in the garbled state- 
 ments of Dr. Pusey or Mr. Newman, or "Pres- 
 byter" of the Times, but as they are to be found 
 in the volumes of Dr. Hampden himself. 
 
 It must be premised that the work in question 
 comprises 548 pages 8vo, and it would indeed be 
 strange if, on a subject such as the scholastic 
 theology, some passages could not be found in so 
 large a volume, which, on first appearance, might 
 bear a somewhat suspicious appearance, more es- 
 pecially when examined with a view to found ob- 
 jections on them, and to tax the author with heres}\ 
 This intent will be more readily believed by those 
 who consider, as many do, that the dispute arose 
 not in consequence of the " Bampton Lectures" nor 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 147 
 
 even of the " Observations on Religions Dissent" 
 but because Dr. Hampden, following* many other 
 great and good men, had proposed to substitute a 
 declaration of conformity, instead of requiring - sub- 
 scription to the articles from students matriculating- at 
 Oxford. 
 
 But as the objections are made against the 
 "Lectures" and the " Observations" the present ex- 
 amination must be confined to these works. Now, 
 tl: ■ gTeat object of the Bampton Lectures may be 
 gathered from their titles, and one of the chief, 
 unquestionably, is to prevent that confusion between 
 religious truth and theological statements, which 
 is to be found operating- so much mischief in many 
 minds ; the Professor himself thus states the intent 
 of the work : — 
 
 " As the present is not a work on Evidences, but a par- 
 ticular view of the connexion of human philosophy with the 
 given truths of the Scriptures, the agency of man here forms 
 the leading idea." — Preface to the First Edition of the Bampton 
 Lectures, p. vii. 1836. 
 
 "Let me premise, that the inquiry pursued in the Bampton 
 Lectures, leaves the matter of Christian Doctrine untouched. 
 It is one thing to inquire into the mode of statement, suppos- 
 ing the substance of the statement to be true ; and another 
 thing to inquire into the matter or substance of the Truth 
 stated." — Introduction to the Second Edition of the Bampton 
 Lectures, p. xxi. 1837. 
 
 Thus, it would be manifestly contrary to all fair 
 principles of criticism, to argue as though Dr. Hamp- 
 den were discussing the truth of those doctrines which 
 fall under his notice, whereas he is but discussing the 
 vehicle in which they are conveyed to us. Besides, 
 as the " Observations on Dissent " do but form an 
 
 l 2 
 
148 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 argument derived from one enunciated in the Lectures, 
 and carried out to its consequences, these may with 
 the Lectures be considered as one work, and be treated 
 accordingly. This the opponents of Dr. Hampden 
 have clone ; and, accordingly, in the observations by 
 Dr. Pusey and others, the selections are taken from 
 two works of the Regius Professor of Divinity indis- 
 criminately, as the subjects occurred. 
 
 But, although the subject has been so fully and ably 
 discussed by the venerable Archdeacon Hal e in his fl*^ 
 letter to the Dean of Chichester, a publication which 
 the writer of this narrative will have occasion more 
 than once to cite, and to which the reader is here 
 referred as containing a most lucid examination of 
 both Lectures and Observations at far greater length 
 than can be done in this place ; yet it will be needful 
 to give some account of the grounds on which the 
 objections have rested, which have been so long and 
 so pertinaciously urged against Dr. Hampden. We 
 have seen his distinction between Facts and Doctrines; 
 what follows will give in his own words the distinc- 
 tion between Religion and Theology. 
 
 " Religion " — (he says) — " consists of those truths which 
 are simply contained in Divine Revelation, with the affections, 
 dispositions, and actions suggested hy them. Theological 
 opinion is the various result of the necessary action of our 
 minds on the great truths made known to us by the Divine 
 Word." — Observations, p. 20. 
 
 And his account of the difference between religion, 
 or religious truth, and theological opinion, is as 
 follows : — 
 
 " In religion, properly so called, few Christians, if any, 
 really differ. All acknowledge, with nearly unanimous con- 
 sent, the great fundamental facts of the Bible. They may 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 149 
 
 not be conscious, perhaps, that they do so far agree, and the 
 reason of this is clear, namely, that they judge of their 
 religion from their theological opinions, and reflect back on the 
 one simple invariable truth of God the various lights of some 
 speculative system of doctrines, the mere conclusions of 
 their own reason." 
 
 But the chief difficulty seems to have been his use 
 of the word Fact. 
 
 " Strictly to speak, in the Scripture itself there are no 
 doctrines. What we read there is matter of fact: either fact 
 nakedly set forth as it occurred, or fact explained or elucidated 
 by the light of inspiration cast upon it. It will be thought, 
 perhaps, that the Apostolical Epistles are an exception to 
 this observation. If any part of Scripture contains doctrinal 
 (sic) statements, it will at any rate be supposed to be the 
 Epistolary. But even this part, if accurately considered, will 
 not be found an exception." — Bampton Lectures, p. 374. 
 
 " Examine the Epistles of St. Paul, and see whether these 
 energetic documents of an Apostle's faith in his Saviour, and 
 love for his converts, have not been abused, when they have 
 been treated as doctrinal expositions, and not as ardent exhorta- 
 tions to Christian duty." — Observations, p. 15, 16. 
 
 These and similar passag-es having- been misun- 
 derstood, Dr. Hampden, in the introduction to the 
 second edition of his Lectures, thus explains. 
 
 " To persons who have thoroughly entered into the spirit of 
 the Inductive Philosophy, it would be unnecessary to explain 
 what I mean by this term. Such persons would know that 
 this term is not to be restricted to mere events or occurrences, 
 or what may be called historical or singular facts, but denotes 
 whatever is, Universal as well as Particular Truths, whether 
 founded on Experience, or on the authority of Divine Reve- 
 lation, and that it is opposed to Theory or Hypothesis. Thus 
 the Divinity of our Lord is a Fact: His Consubstantiality 
 with the Father and the Holy Spirit, His Atonement, His 
 Mediation, His distinct Personality, His perpetual presence 
 
150 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 with His Church, His future Advent to judge the world, the 
 Communion of Saints, the Corruption of our Nature, the 
 Efficacy of Divine Grace, the Acceptableness of Works 
 wrought through Faith, the Necessity of Repentance, — 
 though stated in abstract terms, — are all Facts in God's 
 spiritual kingdom, revealed to us through Christ. So I might 
 proceed to enumerate, one after the other, all the Christian 
 verities. But these instances may show, that it is not merely 
 such Truths as our Lord's Birth, and Crucifixion, and Resur- 
 rection, and Ascension, and the Miracles which He wrought* 
 and the Descent of the Holy Ghost, or the Call of Abraham' 
 and the Thunders of Sinai, and the Dedication of the Temple, 
 that come under the appellation of Facts, in the philosophical 
 sense of that term. — Nothing was further from my thoughts 
 than to say that Christianity is made up wholly of mere 
 Events, and has no Doctrinal Truths in it." — Introduction, 
 p. xl. 
 
 But if it be said that this introduction is a subse- 
 quent production and inconsistent with the very work 
 which it introduces, the following- passage implies as 
 much, though it be less forcible in expression : — 
 
 " The only catholic truth is the Scriptural fact. Let us 
 hold fast the Scriptural fact in its depth and breadth — in 
 nothing extenuating, in nothing abridging it ; and we can 
 neither be Sabellians, nor Tritheists, nor Socinians." — 
 Bampton Lectures, p. 49. 
 
 Thus, then, all revelation becomes with us " a fact" 
 in this sense of the term ; and the distinction drawn 
 for the purpose of elucidating- an ancient system of 
 theology is shown to have nothing- contrary to the 
 maintenance of "all truth." 
 
 But what, then, are doctrines ? — 
 
 • Dogmas of theology, as such, are human authorities. But 
 do I mean to say by this that they are unimportant in 
 religion? — I wish rather to establish their importance and 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 151 
 
 proper truth, as distinct from the honour and verity of the 
 simple Divine word. We have seen how doctrines gradually 
 assume their form by the successive impressions of contro- 
 versy. The facts of Scripture remain the same through 
 all ages, — not so the theories raised upon them. They 
 have floated on the stream of speculation. One heresiarch 
 after another has proposed his modification. — In such a 
 state of things it was impossible for the Scriptural theologian 
 to refrain from mingling in the conflict of argument." 
 
 Doctrines, in other words, are human deductions 
 from Divine truth — right and necessary deductions, 
 but still human. And their importance in Dr. Hamp- 
 den's own estimation will be shown by what he says 
 of articles of belief : — 
 
 " But it is not the Articles of our Church," says Archdea- 
 con Hale, " that Dr. Hampden describes as the relics of a 
 false and exploded philosophy : those terms are only applied 
 by him to certain parts of the technical language in which 
 they are expressed. In the Introduction already referred to, 
 which naturally gives a more explicit account of the author's 
 views on the points urged against him, and which, though it 
 was not published till after the original Declaration, ought to 
 have been examined by a person taking upon himself to 
 revive it, Dr. Hampden says : ' As for explaining away 
 language that we have solemnly adopted, and still retain, I 
 consider such a proceeding as dishonest. And, so far from 
 condemning [these statements of Christian truth], I conceive 
 the adoption of them by the Church as fully defensible. I 
 believe that the leaders of the Church did well, and could do 
 no otherwise, at the time when they sanctioned the introduction 
 of our present theological language; acting to the best of 
 their judgment for the Church, in its capacity of keeper of 
 Holy Writ and Judge of Controversy. I would even go so 
 far as to say, that, whilst theological terms are essentially 
 mutable, and therefore ought to be altered, should circum- 
 stances require it, yet, what the ancient rhetorician observes 
 of them is true, as a general rule ; ilia mutari vetat Religio; et 
 consecratis utendum est" 
 
152 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 Another passage before we leave the use of the word 
 "fact." 
 
 " Let there be but the evidence that God has spoken it 
 and the thing said is as real as if it had been the object of 
 our experience. Christ's Intercession with the Father, for 
 example, though it is going on at this moment, and will go 
 on until the consummation of all things, is a certain fact ; 
 we see not its beginning, or its end, or its process. But 
 God's Word has declared that it is so ; and this is enough. 
 We may call it therefore, in the strictest sense, a revealed 
 fact. Again, that God worketh in us both to will and to do 
 of His good pleasure, or that we have no power of ourselves 
 to do any good thing without His preventing and co-operat- 
 ing grace, this is a revealed fact, a truth of God's invisible 
 kingdom, ever in course of accomplishment, ever being 
 realized. That our Lord is both Perfect God and Perfect 
 Man, in one Person, or, as it is technically expressed, the 
 doctrine of the Hypostatic Union, is in like manner a fact of 
 the Gospel." — Introduction to the Second Edition Bampton 
 Lectures, p. 44. 
 
 It was not, however, so much the distinctions thus 
 established, as the practical results to which they were 
 assumed to lead, when the Regius Professor says, — 
 
 " I contend that no conclusions of human reason, however 
 correctly deduced, however logically sound, are properly 
 religious truths ; are such as strictly and necessarily belong to 
 the scheme of human salvation through Christ." — Observa- 
 tions, p. 8. 
 
 The assertion would excite little or no alarm ; but 
 when he says, speaking- on the sixth article, — 
 
 " It is no decision on the question whether reasoning is 
 to be employed or not in the establishment of doctrine. It 
 merely directs us to go to Scripture for any matter of re- 
 ligious debate. If the alleged point cannot be proved out of 
 Scripture, it is no truth of Revelation. It by no means follows, 
 however, that what can be proved out of Scripture must there- 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 153 
 
 fore be truth of Revelation. To assert this would be, to give 
 an opening to every ingenious arguer ; every skilful commen- 
 tator or expositor, to pass off his own conclusions for the 
 dictates of Scripture." — Observations, p. 9. 
 
 Then, although these passages do perfectly coincide 
 in spirit, there is a position found in the latter which 
 gives it a practical character ; and accordingly it is 
 misrepresented, both at the time when published and 
 now, after a distance of thirteen years, as though it 
 were a covert attack not only on the article cited, but 
 on all the rest. The following- is an extract from a 
 pamphlet by Archdeacon Clmrton, published eleven 
 }-ears ago, in answer to an article in the Edinburgh 
 Review. Both the reviewer and the (now) Arch- 
 deacon, are practised disputants ; they do not stop at 
 hard words, nor is there much difference in the spirit 
 with Avhich they approach each other : — 
 
 " I protest I wish to understand this principle ; but the 
 light it gives is somewhat dazzling. If no conclusions of 
 human reasoning are religious truths, it is not fair to confine 
 this to deductions from Scripture ; it must apply equally to 
 natural religion. If our understanding faculties may deceive 
 us in one case, however correctly deduced, however logically 
 sound their conclusions are, they may equally deceive us in 
 all : we may be deceived for instance in the first article of 
 religion, the existence of a God; and much more in the argu- 
 ments by which we persuade ourselves that Scripture is His 
 revelation. We can have no certainty in either ; for neither, 
 according to Dr. Hampden's principle, is a religious truth. 
 
 " But let us suppose that the principle is to be confined to 
 the interpretation of Scripture, — what results from it ? That 
 all interpretation of Scripture is a work of supererogation ; 
 not only so, but, as a Professor himself records his senti- 
 ments upon it, something that ' ought not to exist.' All 
 religious truth is centred, according to Dr. Hampden, in the 
 axiom, that there is a book of Revelation. What is the 
 
154 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 meaniijg of that book no human being can tell with any cer- 
 tainty, and, if he wishes to lead a quiet life, the more he 
 keeps his notions to himself the better. ' To a Trinitarian, 
 the consequences of rejecting the doctrine of the Trinity 
 must necessarily be regarded as dangerous. But he has no 
 right to extend his anathema to one who has not embraced 
 the same view of Scripture truth.* Thus the Beraeans 
 searched the Scriptures, and persuaded themselves that 
 Jesus was the Messias. There were other people who read 
 them at least ' every Sabbath-day ' and ' thought they did 
 God service' by acting on a contrary persuasion. Who 
 could say which party was right? To the Beraeans, the con- 
 sequence of rejecting the doctrine of a Saviour come in the 
 flesh, would have been dangerous ; but they could have no 
 right to extend their anathema to the Scribes and Pharisees 
 who had not embraced the same view of Scripture truth. In 
 fact, they were both equally wrong. They founded their 
 theological opinions upon Scripture, and such opinions ought 
 not to exist. 
 
 " I may be reminded that Dr. Hampden confines his prin- 
 ciple • to intellectual, speculative,' or theological truth, as 
 distinct from moral. f It will be time to notice this, when 
 Dr. Hampden shall have furnished us with a list of those 
 conclusions from Scripture which are merely speculative 
 or intellectual ; i. e., when he shall have proved the 
 light of the sun to be distinct from its warmth. In the 
 mean time, I suppose it to be allowed that a belief in the 
 Trinity, the eternal generation of the Son, the proceeding of 
 the Holy Ghost from the Father and the Son, is distinctly 
 professed in the creeds and articles of our Church. It is 
 equally plain that these are truths not mentioned in express 
 terms, but heretofore supposed to be proved out of Scripture. 
 But it is a fundamental character of the Christian Scriptures 
 to exclude all deductions of speculative conclusions.' In 
 what sense, then, has Dr. Hampden set his hand to the for- 
 mularies which state these conclusions as articles of faith? — 
 Letter, p. 23-25. 
 
 * Page 27. 
 
 f Page 12. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVEESY. 
 
 155 
 
 But to apply seriously to the question, — Is the 
 Professor rig-ht, or is he wrong" in his argument ? 
 
 Remembering" the distinction which he makes 
 between "facts" and " doctrines," and bearing" in 
 mind what some of the "facts" are which he refers 
 to and admits, Ave shall soon be able to conclude more 
 fairly than Mr. Churton did. The article is clearly 
 a protest ag-ainst the undue elevation of tradition, and 
 is altogether of a neg-ative character. And who is to 
 judg-e what is or is not proved by Scripture, private 
 opinion or the Catholic Church ? The Archdeacon 
 will surely say the latter. Then she does so in her 
 formularies, her creeds, her liturg-ies, her articles ; 
 and the value of those articles is admitted, and their 
 place assig-ned to them, by Dr. Hampden. Nay 
 more, he states expressly his belief that " the neces- 
 sity for Articles will never cease !" 
 
 " It appears to me, then, that the occasion for Articles will 
 probably never cease. Were the Realism of the human mind 
 a transient phenomenon, peculiar to one age, or one species 
 of philosophy, and not, as is the fact, an instinctive propensity 
 of our intellectual nature ; then it might be supposed, that 
 the unsoundness of a metaphysical and logical theology being 
 once fully admitted, the cumbrous machinery might be re- 
 moved, and the sacred truth allowed to stand forth to view, 
 in its own attractive simplicity. But such a result seems 
 rather to be wished, and prayed for, by a sanguine piety, 
 than reckoned upon in the humbling calculations of human 
 experience. In the mean time, it were well to retain, amidst 
 all its confessed imperfections, a system of technical theology, 
 by which we are guarded, in some measure, from the exorbi- 
 tance of theoretic enthusiasm. It would be a rashness of 
 pious feeling, that should at once so confide in itself, as to 
 throw down the walls and embankments, which the more 
 vigilant fears of our predecessors have reared up around the 
 City of God. In the present state of things, such a zeal for 
 
156 
 
 A CONCISE HISTOKY OF 
 
 the Faith would look more like the ostentatiousness of Spar- 
 tan courage, than the modest discipline of the soldiers of 
 Christ, trusting in his arm for success, and yet availing them- 
 selves of all natural means of strength, which their reason 
 points out." 
 
 Thus, then, the question is answered, and the Pro- 
 fessor vindicated. 
 
 But ag-ain, this distinction between Fact and Doc- 
 trine leads to other consequences. 
 
 Dr. Hampden expresses his belief that, in the 
 essentials of religion men differ much less than they 
 think ; and adds, — 
 
 " If it should appear that men, in reality, differ less in 
 religious belief and conduct than their formularies of doc- 
 trine would lead us to suppose, that it is chiefly the intro- 
 duction of human opinion into the matter of Revelation that 
 occasions a difference of professions, then is there a great cause 
 of alienation and asperity removed ; and we may come to the 
 discussion of questions connected with dissent with the in- 
 dulgence due to erring judgments. For if all opinion, as 
 such, is involuntary in its nature, it is only a fallacy to invest 
 dissent in religion with the atce of' the objects about which it is 
 conversayit. The awe of the sacred objects, indeed, imposes a 
 fearful responsibility on every one in forming his judgment ; 
 but it is no reason that others should depart from those 
 principles by which they would judge him in other subjects. 
 They may guard against his supposed errors with more 
 caution and accuracy, on account of their importance ; but 
 they must not icield against him the terrors of the invisible world." 
 — Observations, p. 5-6. 
 
 That is to say, that if any man tell us that he 
 accepts and believes all the word of God, thoug-h he 
 may interpret some of its philosophy otherwise than 
 we do, and use a different phraseology for that pur- 
 pose, we are not to say, " without doubt he shall 
 perish everlastingly." 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 157 
 
 But Dr. Hampden goes a little further still. He 
 takes, " as an extreme case/' the Unitarian, and 
 says:— 
 
 " When I look at the reception by the Unitarians of both 
 the Old and New Testament, I cannot, for ray part, strongly 
 as I dislike their theology, deny to those who acknowledge 
 this basis of Divine facts, the name of Christians. Who, 
 indeed, is justified in denying the title to any one who 
 professes to love Christ in sincerity?" — Observations, p. 21. 
 
 And again, 
 
 " Why do you take so much pains," says Dr. Hampden, 
 addressing them, " to convince the world that you are not 
 Christians ; that you do not agree with the mass of profess- 
 ing Christians in believing, in the same sense, ' One Lord, 
 one Faith, one Baptism, one God and Father of all.' Is it 
 not that you identify your religion with your dogmas ; that 
 you transfer the natural partiality of your own minds for 
 certain principles, to the broad outlines of Scripture truth ; 
 and dissent from your brethren in the faith, because they will 
 not assent to your metaphysical conclusions?" — Observations, 
 p. 20, 21. 
 
 In this latter passage, indeed, there does appear 
 something- like an excess of Christian charity, for 
 surety, rightly or wrongly we need not inquire here, 
 the Unitarian does deny not only the "doctrines," 
 but the "facts," which " the mass of professing 
 Christians do believe." 
 
 But if it be impossible for a churchman to justify, 
 even on Dr. Hampden's own principles, such a 
 declaration as this ; if it be impossible to make satis- 
 factoiy, to the orthodox mind, such expressions as 
 those contained in the following propositions : — 
 
 " When I say, therefore, that the Christian Revelation is 
 matter of fact, I intend by it to express my conviction, that 
 the substance of the Revelation is the doings and actions of 
 
158 
 
 A CONCISE HISTOEY OF 
 
 God. I have always before my view some event in the his- 
 tory of God's Providence, to which I refer it; and," he con- 
 tinues, " in this sense the truth concerning God is independent 
 of any peculiar wording of it." 
 
 " We are not to say "—(he expressly puts the]case) — " an 
 inspired writer has said thus, or thus — this, then, as asserted 
 by him, is matter of fact — and, accordingly, it is on matter of 
 fact, in this sense of the expression, that the Christian Reve- 
 lation is said to be founded." — Observations, p. 5. 
 
 Although the meaning of the writer be perfectly 
 correct, still we are not at liberty to tax him either with 
 disbelief himself, or carelessness as to the belief of 
 others. All he does is to decline to judge the indi- 
 vidual unfavourably, because of the errors of the sys- 
 tem. 
 
 " I would not have any one," says he, " indifferent 
 to what opinions he professes. I do not see how those who 
 have really examined questions of theology, and have formed 
 deliberate convictions of the error of certain conclusions, can 
 bear to maintain their convictions so long as they apprehend 
 danger to the truth from those conclusions. They cannot, 
 ought not, to teach otherwise than according to such con- 
 victions. Neither the cause of truth nor that of religion can 
 require that any one should abandon convictions of truth, 
 which he holds on grounds of serious deliberation and argu- 
 ment. But then, to such a person, argument is the proper 
 sphere of his exertion. He must not treat those whom he 
 opposes as if they were irreligious persons, and no members 
 of the Church of Christ. He must not regard them as less 
 solicitous than himself to maintain the pure Christian faith. 
 He is standing on the debatable ground of opinion ; (sic) and 
 the laws of opinion must therefore be respected. He must 
 not, as I have said before, hurl the weapons of spiritual 
 condemnation, as if he were posted in the stronghold of 
 religious truth, and his adversary in the depths of impiety. 
 This justice to an adversary is perfectly consistent with 
 the most resolute maintenance of our own theological 
 opinions." — Observations, p. 36. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 159 
 
 As to his own belief, he has expressed that in too 
 many M ays to have it called in question now, and one 
 passage, the concluding one of the third Bampton 
 Lecture, the former part of which very passage has 
 been most dishonestly quoted ag-ainst him, is here 
 presented entire, with the corroborating- citation 
 from St. Aug-ustine, whom the adversaries of the 
 Professor dared not accuse, and therefore quietly 
 omitted his words. 
 
 " I should hope the discussions in which we have now been 
 engaged, will leave this impression on the mind. Historically 
 regarded, they evidence the reality of those sacred facts of 
 Divine Providence, which we comprehensively denote by the 
 doctrine of a Trinity in Unity. But let us not identify this 
 reality with the theories couched under a logical phraseology. 
 I firmly and devoutly believe that word, which has declared 
 the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
 Ghost. But who can pretend to that exactness of thought 
 on the subject, on which our technical language is based ? 
 Looking to the simple truth of Scripture, I would say, in the 
 language of Augustine, Hcec scio. Distinguere autem inter Mam 
 Generationem et hanc Processionem, nescio, non valeo, non svjfficio. 
 — Verius enim cogitatur Deus, quam dicitur ; et verius est, quam 
 cogitatur. ' These things I know, but how to distinguish 
 between this generation (of the Son) and that procession (of 
 the Holy Spirit), I am unable — I am unecpjal to it. God is 
 more truly meditated on than described ; and He is himself 
 more true than our meditations on Him.' " — De Trin. vii. 
 cap. 4. 
 
 This quotation will lead to a short notice of some of 
 the abstruse points discussed in the work; and per- 
 haps no better way can be taken to show how perfectly 
 free are the statements it contains from anything- like 
 " Neology " or " rationalism," than simply to extract 
 
160 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 a few of the objected passages, take them out of their 
 garbled condition, and restore them to their original 
 shape. 
 
 " THE TRINITY. 
 
 " The truth itself of the Trinitarian Doctrine emerges from 
 these mists of human speculation, like the bold naked land, 
 on which an atmosphere of fog has for a while rested, and 
 then been dispersed. No one can be more convinced than 
 I am, that there is a real mystery of God revealed in the 
 Christian dispensation ; and that no scheme of Unitarianism 
 can solve the whole of the phenomena which Scripture 
 records. But I am also as fully sensible, that there is 
 a mystery attached to the subject, which is not a mystery of 
 God. 
 
 " Take, for instance, the notion of the Divine Unity. We 
 are apt to conceive that the Unity must be understood nume- 
 rically ; that we may reason from the notion of Unity, to the 
 properties of the Divine Being. But is this a just notion of 
 the Unity of God ? Is it not rather a bare fact, a limit of 
 speculation, instead of a point of outset ? For how was it 
 revealed in that system, in which it was the great leading 
 article of divine instruction ? When Moses called upon the 
 people, — " Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord," — 
 was it not a declaration, that Jehovah is not that host of 
 heaven, — that multiplicity of the objects of divine worship, 
 which heathen idolatry has enshrined, but the God in 
 heaven, and in the earth, and in the sea, — not the Teraphim 
 of domestic worship, but the Universal Governor, oversha- 
 dowing all things with the ubiquarian tutelage of his Pro- 
 vidence? Surely the revelation of the Divine unity was not 
 meant to convey to Israel any speculative notion of the one- 
 ness of the Deity ; hut, practically, to influence their minds in 
 regard to the superstitions from which they had been brought 
 out. It was no other than the command — ' Thou shalt have 
 no other Gods but me.' 
 
 " Now, were this view of the Revelation of the Divine 
 Unity strictly maintained, would it not greatly abate the 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 101 
 
 repugnance often felt at the admission of a Trinity in 
 Unity? We should profess, that we only knew God as the 
 exclusive object of divine worship ; and should acknowledge 
 that it was quite irrelevant to our scheme of religion, either 
 to demonstrate, or to refute, any conclusion from the nature 
 of Unity, concerning any further revelation of the Divine 
 Being. To deny a Trinity, would then be felt the same, as 
 to assert, that, because Polytheism is false, therefore no new 
 manifestation of God, not resulting from the negation of 
 Polytheism, can be true." — Hampton Lectures, pp. 146, 7, 8. 
 
 The Trinity, it will be seen, would still remain a 
 revealed " fact/' even though the subject were treated 
 in a somewhat different manner. Again, the wisest 
 and most philosophical divines have ever treated Uni- 
 tnrinnism, in its varied forms, as a most unphilosophical 
 system — one singularly deficient in clearness and con- 
 sistency. Dr. Hampden, it will be seen, treats it 
 precisely in the same way ; only he takes a more 
 hopeful view than most churchmen both of the chance 
 of converting- the heretics and of the position in which 
 they stand during- their heresy. 
 
 One of the passages most strongly objected to is the 
 following, in a garbled form : — 
 
 " It is of little purpose to urge the natural placability of 
 the Divine Being, his mercy, his willingness to receive the 
 penitent. God, no doubt, is abundantly placable, merciful, 
 and forgiving. Still the fact remains. The offender is 
 guilty: his crime may be forgiven, but his criminality is 
 upon him. The remorse which he feels — the wounds of his 
 conscience — are no fallacious things. He is sensible of them 
 even whilst the Gospel tells him — ' Thy sins be forgiven thee 
 — Go, and sin no more.' The heart seeks for reparation 
 and satisfaction ; its longings arc, that its sins may be no 
 more remembered, that the characters in which it is written 
 may be blotted out. Ilcncc the congeniality to its feelings 
 of the notion of atonement. It is no speculative thought 
 
 M 
 
162 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 which suggests the theory: speculation rather prompts to 
 the rejection of it : speculation furnishes abstract reasons, 
 from the Divine attributes, for discarding it as a chimera of 
 our fears. But the fact is, that we cannot be at peace 
 without some consciousness of atonement made. The word 
 Atonement, in its true, practical sense, expresses this indis- 
 putable fact. Objections may hold against the explanations 
 of the term ; they are irrelevant to the thing itself denoted 
 by the term. Turn over the records of human crime ; and, 
 whether under the forms of superstition or the enactments 
 of civil government, the fact itself constantly emerges to the 
 view. All concur in showing that, whilst God is gracious 
 and merciful, repenting him of evil, the human heart is 
 inexorable against itself. It may hope — tremblingly hope — 
 that God may forgive it, but it cannot forgive itself. 
 
 " This material and invincible difficulty of the case, the 
 Scripture Revelation has met with a parallel fact. It has 
 said, we have no hope in ourselves; that, looking to our- 
 selves, we cannot expect happiness ; and, at the same time, 
 has fixed our attention on a Holy One who did no sin; 
 whose perfect righteousness it has connected with our un- 
 righteousness, and whose strength it has brought to the evil 
 of our weakness. Thus Christ is emphatically said to be 
 our Atonement; not that we may attribute to God any 
 change of purpose towards man by what Christ has done ; 
 but that we may hiow that we have passed from the death of 
 sin to the life of righteousness by Him ; and that our own 
 hearts may not condemn us. 
 
 " If our hearts condemn us not, then may we have peace 
 with God ; but, without the thought of Christ, the heart 
 that has any real sense of its condition must sink under its 
 own condemnation." — Bampton Lectures, p. 253. 
 
 " The bane of this philosophy of expiation was, not that 
 it exalted human agency too highly, but that in reality it 
 depressed the power of man too low. It was no invigora- 
 tion of the mind, no cheering of the heart, to masculine 
 exertion, in working out the great work of salvation, by 
 exaggerated, yet noble views of what man could^accoin^ 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 103 
 
 plish. But it checked the aspirings, both of the heart and 
 of the intellect, by fixing them at a standard that had only 
 the mockery of Divine strength, and not the reality. It 
 brought men to acquiesce in a confession of impotence, 
 without carrying them at once to the throne of grace. The 
 ecclesiastical power stood between the heart and heaven. 
 Atonement was converted into a theory of commutation 
 degrading to the holiness of God, whilst it spoke the peace 
 of God in terms of flattering delusion to the sinner. The 
 value of confessions and rites of penance was acknow- 
 ledged ; and, accepting this vain substitute for that assu- 
 rance of atonement, which alone can satisfy the longing- 
 soul with goodness, men looked no further : their proper 
 power was exchanged for a servile dependence on the minis- 
 trations of the priest — the presumed all-sufficiency of a man 
 like themselves. 
 
 " On the other hand, the true scriptural practical view of 
 human agency is to be seen in the great truth of atone- 
 ment, simply believed and acted on, without the gloss of 
 commentators, or the refinements of theorists. These are 
 but attempts to weigh the ocean in the hollow of the hand. 
 Take the truth simply, and what does it mean but that God 
 is infinitely just and merciful, visiting iniquities to the third 
 and fourth generation, and yet showing mercy to thousands 
 — that we cannot please him by our works, or our sacrifices, 
 or our prayers, but yet we can do all things, by Christ 
 strengthening us, working for us, offering Himself for us, 
 praying for us. The doctrine declares to us at once how 
 much is out of our power, and yet how much is in our power. 
 And, by combining these two apparently contrary facts in 
 one scheme of human agency, it imparts to us the true 
 secret of our power against the temptations and dangers of 
 the world." 
 
 There is abundant matter in this passage to show 
 why it was selected for condemnation, and why it was 
 garbled. 
 
 One more condemned passage on a most abstruse 
 
 m2 
 
104 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 subject, and sufficient will be adduced to show on 
 what grounds the Bampton Lectures have been called 
 rationalistic, — 
 
 " It was attempted to be explained, in what way the Son 
 might be said to be generated of the Father: whether out of 
 the substance of God, or out of a common Divinity, of which 
 each participates ; or by division of the Paternal substance as 
 a portion severed from the Father: whether further, lie is the 
 Son of God by nature, or necessity, or will, or predestination, 
 or adoption. The confusion of principles of different sciences 
 in these promiscuous inquiries, is sufficiently apparent. But 
 it was by such a philosophy that the orthodox language was 
 settled, declaring the Son " begotten before all worlds ; of one 
 substance with the Father." The account of the Incarnation 
 itself was more peculiarly logical ; still there was a mixture 
 of physical speculation respecting the principle of life in man.' 
 — Bampton Lectures, p. 137 . 
 
 " The account of the Incarnation itself was more peculiarly 
 logical; still there was a mixture of physical speculation re 
 specting the principle of life in man. The notion entertained, 
 both by Fathers and by Schoolmen, was, that the animating 
 principle was infused into the body ; and thus the inert mat- 
 etr of the flesh became the living substantial form of man. 
 That all souls were consubstanlial with the Deity, Mas an 
 ancient Pythagorean notion, that survived in the Church. 
 Thus Tertullian speaks of man as animated out of the substance 
 of God. The observation of this fact accounts for the opinion 
 attributed to Apollinarius, that the Divinity was the animat- 
 ing principle of Christ. He was fearful of introducing a 
 Qualernity into the notion of the Divine Being, if it were 
 conceived that our Lord possessed the substance of human 
 nature, a sentient and intelligent human principle, as well as 
 the Substance of the Divinity ; and was thus led to the denial 
 of the perfect humanity of Christ. 
 
 " The peculiarly logical part of the inquiry appears, in the 
 points of controversy between the orthodox and the Nesto- 
 rians and Eutychians. These were, in respect to the Incar- 
 nation, analogous to the disputes between the orthodox and the 
 Sabellians and Arians, on the general question of the Trinity. 
 The points -of sameness and diversity were here also to be ex- 
 actly determined. The orthodox maintained, that the notion 
 of sameness here consisted, in the Personal individuality of 
 Christ, regarded as a member of the Trinity ; whereas the 
 diversity was in the two natures, the divine and the human, 
 united in His person. But the Kestorian offended against 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 165 
 
 the theories of the logical philosophy, in stating two different 
 liypostases, as the support of those common properties which 
 belonged to Christ, and destroyed also the personal individu- 
 ality. The Eutychian maintained the personal individu- 
 ality, but destroyed the substantial differences." — Bampton 
 Lectures, pp. 138, 139. 
 
 The whole account of the theology of the Bampton 
 Lectures of 1832 may be wound up in the following- 
 lucid and pious statement : — 
 
 " But, however successfully I may have established the 
 desired conclusion, there may, I fear, remain in some minds, 
 where there has existed an indiscriminate veneration of the 
 names and terms attached to Christianity as of parts of the 
 holy religion itself — a painful impression of mistrust . . 
 that either the argument must be erroneous, or they have 
 followed cunningly devised fables — the imaginations of the 
 sophistical wisdom of this world — as the gospel of truth. For 
 the sake of such persons, I would once more call attention to 
 the divine part of Christianity as entirely distinct from its epi- 
 sodic additions. Whatever may have been the speculations of 
 false philosophy on the facts of Christianity, those facts them- 
 selves are not touched. . . . These facts form part of the great 
 history of mankind ; they account for the present condition 
 of things in the world, and we cannot deny them without 
 involving ourselves in universal scepticism. There can be 
 no rational doubt that man is in a degraded, disadvantageous 
 condition ; that Jesus Christ came into the world, in the 
 mercy of God, to produce a restoration of man; that he 
 brought life and immortality to light by his coming ; that he 
 died on the cross for our sins, and rose again for our justifi- 
 cation ; that the Holy Ghost came by his promise to abide 
 with his Church, miraculously assisting the apostles in the 
 first institution of it, and ever since that period interceding 
 with the hearts of believers. These, and other truths con- 
 nected with them, are not collected merely from texts or 
 sentences of Scripture — they are parts of its records. Infinite 
 theories may be raised upon them ; but these theories, 
 whether true or false, leave the facts where they were. 
 There is enough in them to warn and comfort the heart, 
 though we had assurance of nothing more." — Bampton Lec- 
 tures, p. 389-391. 
 
 One fault may he found in addition to those which 
 have been indicated in this examination ; and that is, 
 that the lecturer appears to confuse the Patristic with 
 
1G0 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 the Scholastic theology. There is undoubtedly much 
 of Platonism to be found in both ; but their spirit is 
 essentially distinct. The earnest and practical tone 
 of the Fathers may be felt even in their most refined 
 speculations, and ought not to be confounded with the 
 subtle, metaphysical, and purely intellectual spirit of 
 the Schoolmen. As the writer's two schools approach 
 in point of date, so will a similarity be found to arise 
 and increase ; but this very circumstance is sufficient 
 to show the distinctness of the schools to which they 
 belong-. This observation is made with great diffi- 
 dence ; but the writer could hardly justify himself in 
 omitting- it. 
 
 The best judg-ment on the Bampton Lectures which 
 has been yet given may be summed up in the words 
 of Archdeacon Hale : — 
 
 " Now one of the impressions which have been produced 
 on me by Dr. Hampden's " Bampton Lectures," is thankful- 
 ness for having become acquainted with a work so learned 
 and thoughtful, and so favourably distinguished both in these 
 respects, and by its philosophical candour and sobriety, from 
 the bulk of our recent theological literature." — Archdeacon 
 . -fh&s Letter, p. 10. 
 
 " The declaration which charges Dr. Hampden with prin- 
 ciples impugning and injuring the word of God as a re- 
 vealed rule of faith and practice, does not appear to have 
 been modified, but doubtless received many signatures of 
 persons who went and voted in Convocation against him on 
 this ground. And now, after eleven years, during which, so 
 far at least as we can form any judgment from his subsequent 
 writing's, he has been discharging his office according to the 
 rules he had here laid down for himself, this accusation, 
 which from the first teas utterly groundless, which was in direct 
 contradiction to the whole spirit of his Bampton Lectures, is 
 brought forward again, without a word of explanation, or 
 limitation, or even an additional argument in support of it. 
 Clamour on the part of the accusers, ignorance on that of 
 their hearers, — in which it is to be hoped that the accusers 
 themselves have no small share, — these are the powers relied 
 on to bar his way to the Episcopate, the two uncouth, un- 
 wieldly giants that throw their clubs across his path." — 
 J#* -r<- Archdeacon Hs&'s Letter, p. 23. 
 
 The same admirable writer speaks thus on the 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 107 
 
 temper and tone of the addresses against the ap- 
 pointment. 
 
 " I have been told, indeed, that the addresses and remon- 
 strances and protests of the Clergy do not involve a positive 
 condemnation of Dr. Hampden, but merely call for an 
 inquiry to ascertain the real tendency of his writings, and 
 that such a demand is amply warranted by the condem- 
 nation he has twice received from a majority of the Convo- 
 cation at Oxford. This, however, is far from adequately 
 expressing the bent of that spirit which is now agitating 
 our Church, and leading so many of our brethren into 
 courses almost unprecedented ; while dark threats are 
 thrown out of ulterior, still more violent proceedings. The 
 very demand for an inquiry, in such a case and such a 
 tone, almost presumes a condemnation. Nor does it seem 
 to me at all becoming our clerkly character, to pin our 
 faith blindly to the tail of any extraneous decision, least of 
 all to that of such a body as the Convocation of Oxford. 
 For how many of the four hundred and seventy-four judges 
 who assembled to condemn Dr. Hampden in 1836, can we 
 believe to have come with any competent knowledge of the 
 subject matter on which they were about to pronounce? 
 Would it not be a large allowance to assume that one in ten 
 did so?" 
 
 Taking-, then, fifteen of the heads of houses at 
 Oxford, many hundreds of the members of that 
 Uni\ ersity, the opinion of the Bishops of Oxford 
 and Norwich, and the masterly and convincing* letter 
 Bp of Archdeacon H:\le , as decisive of the first point, 
 there remains the second, viz. : — 
 
 The legality or illegality of the Oxford statute 
 of 1830. 
 
 The statute is as follows : — 
 
 " Quum ab Universitate commissum fuerit S. Theologies Pro- 
 fessori Regio, ut unus sit ex eorum numero, a quibus designantur 
 selecti Concionatores, secundum Tit. xvi. § 8 necnon ut ejus con- 
 silium adhibeatur, si quis Concionator coram Vice-Cancellario in 
 qucBstionum vocetur, secundum Tit. xvi. § 11 quum vero qui nunc 
 Professor est, scriptis suis publici juris jfactis ita res theologicas 
 tractaverit, ut in hac parte nullam ejus Jiduciam habeat Uni- 
 versitas. 
 
 " Statutum est, quod munerum preedictorum expers sit S. Theo- 
 logies Professor Regius, donee aliter Universitati placuerit. Ne 
 
168 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OE 
 
 vero quid detrimenti capiat interea Universitas Professoris ejus- 
 dem vicibus fungantur alij ; scilicet, in Concicnatores selectos 
 designando Senior inter Vice- CanecUarij Deputatos, vel eo absente, 
 aut ipsius Vice-Cancellarij locum ienente, proximus ex ordine 
 Deputatus (proviso semper, quod sacros ordines susceperit), ct in 
 concilium de Concio)dbus adhibendo Pr (elector Don tin a. Margareta; 
 Comitissx Riclimondia;." 
 
 " Seeing- that it is committed by the University to the 
 Regius Professor of Divinity, that he should be one of the 
 number of those by whom the select preachers are desig- 
 nated, according to Tit. xvi. § 8, and also that his counsel 
 should be given if any preacher should be called in question be- 
 fore the Vice-Cliancellor, according to Tit. xvi. § 11 ; but since 
 the present Professor hath in his published writings so treated 
 matters theological, that in this respect the University hath 
 no confidence in him : it is decreed that the Regius Professor 
 of Divinity shall be deprived of the aforesaid offices, until it 
 shall otherwise please the University. But lest the Univer- 
 sity should, in the mean time, suffer any loss, others shall 
 execute the offices of the said Professor, to-wit, in choosing 
 the select preachers, the senior among the deputies of the 
 Vice-Chancellor, or in his absence, or in the case of his hold- 
 ing the place of Vice-Cliancellor himself, then the next 
 deputy in order (provided always that he shall have taken 
 holy orders), and in the holding any council concerning 
 sermons, the Pradector of the Lady Margaret, Countess of 
 Richmond (the Lady Margaret's Professor)." 
 
 The illegality of this statute has been already 
 noticedj but it may be satisfactory to the reader 
 to have the second opinion on a larger case, by the 
 same authorities. 
 
 It is only necessary to state that the charter by 
 which the University of Oxford is governed, was 
 granted by Charles I. in 1636, on which account 
 its provisions are called " The Caroline Statutes." 
 
 It is also called the Laudian code, from the name 
 of the distinguished prelate who drew up the 
 charter. 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 
 
 169 
 
 THE SECOND CASE. 
 OPINION OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL, DR. LUSHINGTON, AND 
 MR. HULL. 
 
 Query. — 1. Had the University, in 1630, power to accept 
 a charter from the King which should bind their successors, 
 such charter abridging the powers confirmed to the Univer- 
 sity by the Act of Parliament of the 13th of Elizabeth ; and, 
 if so, are not the words " Statuta Regia auctoritate sancita 
 vel confirmata," p. 119, to be understood of particular sta- 
 tutes alone passed in 1634, and included in the words, 
 " Statuta jam condita?" 
 
 Opinion. — 1. It is obvious, from the opinions of Mr. 
 Justice Blackstone, and Messrs. Morton and Wilbraham, 
 that doubts have heretofore existed as to the extent of the 
 power of the University in repealing the old and making 
 new statutes. If the University possessed an unlimited 
 power of repealing old and making new statutes prior to 
 1636, and that power is not modified by the statutes of 1636, 
 it can exist only by force of the Act of Parliament of the 
 13th of Elizabeth, for no less authority can prevent the doc- 
 trine established in the case of the " King v. Westwood," 
 attaching on this case. 
 
 There is no proof, to our knowledge, that any such un- 
 limited power ever existed, and certainly in 1636 none such 
 was supposed to exist. We think, therefore, that the 
 answer to the third query of the former case is well founded. 
 We think the Laudian code is binding on the University as 
 a charter accepted by it. In that code we find no general 
 repealing power. The accustomed power of making new 
 statutes is reserved, but under certain restrictions. 
 
 Nothing done by the authority of the Crown could (as is 
 most clear) have the effect of repealing an Act of Par- 
 liament ; but we do not conceive that the Act of Elizabeth 
 bound the University from accepting a new charter from the 
 Crown. The intention of that act was to make the charter 
 theretofore given " good, effectual, and available in law ;" 
 and, in our judgment, as charters, and nothing more, curing 
 all legal defects which may have existed in them, and pre- 
 venting any possible bygone forfeiture from attaching, but 
 not to alter the nature of the charter, and to make it and 
 every part of it for ever binding. A parliamentary confir- 
 mation of this kind does not, in our judgment, tie up the 
 Crown and the University, the one from granting and the 
 other from accepting a new charter. 
 
170 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY OF 
 
 We are disposed to think that it was competent to the 
 University to accept a new charter from the Crown, though 
 in some respects it might abridge the powers enjoyed prior 
 to the statute of Elizabeth. But even if this were otherwise, 
 it would be necessary for them to contend that a power con- 
 trary to the charter existed prior to the statute of Elizabeth 
 to show it." 
 
 Some obscurity rests upon these words, "Statuta regia 
 auctoritate sancita vel confirmata," as used in the statute 
 book, tit. x., sec. 2, par. 2, p. 119; but we are of opinion 
 that these words are not to be confined to particular statutes, 
 passed in 1634, comprehended under the terms " Statuta jam 
 condita," but that they do extend to all statutes to be made 
 after that period by the authority of the Crown. 
 
 Qu. — 2. Is the University bound by the legal construc- 
 tion of the passage, such construction being assumed not to 
 have been contemplated by those who framed or confirmed 
 the statutes ? 
 
 Op. — 2. We apprehend that the University must be 
 governed by the legal construction. 
 
 Qu. — 3. Is the whole statute or any part of it for any 
 and what reasons, illegal or void ; or in any and what 
 way voidable? 
 
 Op.— 3. We think that the statute of 1836 is illegal, as 
 violating the restrictions imposed by the Laudian code, and 
 as passed by the assumption and exercise of a power which 
 has not been conceded to the University. 
 
 Qu. — 4. Must it be put in operation before any proceed- 
 ings are had to declare it void or quash it ; or can any and 
 Avhat proceedings be now instituted for that purpose? 
 
 Op. — 4. We think the statute must be put into operation 
 before any proceeding could be taken by action in any 
 court of common law. 
 
 Qu. — 5. What proceedings, and before what tribunal, are 
 open to the Regius Professor, or to any other and what 
 person, for the purpose of declaring void or quashing this 
 statute ; and what proceedings for that purpose, by what 
 person, in what character, do you recommend on behalf of 
 the Regius Professor of Divinity ? 
 
 Op. — 5. We think the Regius Professor, or any member 
 of the University, may present an appeal against the statute 
 to the Visitor. 
 
 Qu, — 6. Is there a Visitor of the University of Oxford ? 
 
THE HAMPDEN CONTROVERSY. 171 
 
 In whom is the power of visiting- vested ; and what is the 
 mode or process by which Dr. Hampden can bring before 
 the visitor the question of the legality or illegality of the 
 statute against him ? 
 
 Op. — 6. We are of opinion that there is a Visitor of the 
 University of Oxford, and that the power of visiting that 
 University is in the Crown, and that a petition in the usual 
 form will bring before his Majesty the legality or illegality 
 of the late statute, and other proceedings against Dr. 
 Hampden. 
 
 (Signed) J. Campbell. 
 
 Stephen Lushington. 
 
 William Winstanley Hull. 
 
 If it shall appear, then, that the two questions 
 may be thus answered — 
 
 That the theology of Dr. Hampden is sound, and 
 the statute of 183(5 illegal, the former proposition 
 will show it to be also unjust, and the Professor, as 
 a persecuted man, has a right to such reparation 
 as the time can give. There remains but one 
 question more. 
 
 Is the appointment of Dr. Hampden to the See 
 of Hereford expedient ? 
 
 This will manifest!)' be variously answered. 
 
 Two passages from Archdeacon HaW s letter are ///t<^e^ 
 very interesting- on this point. 
 
 " In deploring that appointment, I entirely concurred with 
 you, adding that you could not deplore it, you could not 
 condemn it, more than I did, as a most injudicious measure 
 on the part of the Minister by whom he was appointed, — as 
 a wanton outrage to the feelings, prejudices they might be, 
 but still strong and earnest feelings, of a large body of the 
 Church, especially of the clergy, — as an act which would 
 infallibly arouse vehement opposition, and break up the peace 
 of the Church, at a time when we were hoping for something 
 like a lull, after the storms of the late years, and which, in 
 the present state of morbid excitement, might even be pleaded 
 by many as an excuse for running into the Romish schism. 
 On these grounds I would have implored the Minister, on 
 my knees, if it could have been of any avail, to recall what 
 seemed to me an act of folly almost amounting to mad- 
 
172 
 
 A CONCISE HISTORY, ETC. 
 
 ness, of which I have never been able to learn the slight- 
 est explanation or defence." — Letter, p. 6. 
 
 But in a postscript the Ven. Archdeacon adds the 
 following' words : — r 
 
 "When the appointment had once been determined upon, 
 and that determination had become so notorious, it would have 
 been derogatory to the Crown to have retracted its nomina- 
 tion on any less ground than that its nominee had been pro- 
 nounced guilty of heresy by the sentence of a regular eccle- 
 siastical tribunal. Nor could the Crown accept the decree of 
 the Convocation of Oxford in lieu of such a sentence ; more 
 especially when the Bishops themselves, as Lord John Russell 
 reminds them, refrain from expressing any judgment on the 
 point. The popular ferment might have been a reason for 
 hesitating beforehand, but could not be so now, unless it were 
 shown to be reasonable. An unreasoning excitement is to be 
 allayed, not by giving up its victim to it, but by calm consis- 
 tency and cogent argument. 
 
 " Besides, I feel bound here to retract the condemnation 
 expressed in my letter on the conduct of the Minister in making 
 the appointment. Still, indeed, I deplore that appointment, 
 on account of the offence which it was sure to give to so 
 many, and of the consequences which we, knowing the feel- 
 ings of the clergy, could foresee must inevitably ensue. But 
 the Minister, who cannot possibly be in like manner acquainted 
 with those feelings, and who had the presumption supplied 
 by Dr. Hampden's having discharged his professorial office 
 for so many years without any complaint against his doctrine, 
 took all the precautions which became a person in his posi- 
 tion, by communicating his intention so long before to our 
 Primate. Having done this, it seems to me he is bound to 
 maintain his appointment, unless some judicial reasons for 
 withdrawing it are placed before him. After this proof that 
 the present agitation must be utterly ineffectual, that it can 
 produce nothing but distraction, contention, and other evils, 
 I trust it will soon abate." 
 
 And with these the present narrative may fitly be 
 closed. 
 
 London: Printed by Stewart and M curat, Old Bailey. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 pages viii, 145, 148, 166, 167, and 171, for " Archdeacon Hale 
 read " Archdeacon Hare." 
 
June, 1847. 
 
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 prove very popular at the libraries." — Critic. 
 
 "We have a notion that this will prove the most permanently popular of all Mr. 
 James's Novels, for it is compounded of those materials which delight all novel readers." 
 — John Bull. 
 
 " Mr. James has laid the scene of this tale of the 15th century, on the banks of the 
 Rhine. Admirable descriptions supply pictures of the period, such as the author can 
 draw so well ; he realizes the superstitions of that age, and fills the dreaded unknown 
 as vividly as the actual and familiar of customary existence." — Literary Gazette. 
 
 HEIDELBERG: 
 
 A Romance. By G. P. R. James, Esq. Three vols, post 8vo. price 
 1l.Us.Gd. 
 
 THE STEP M OTHER. 
 
 By G. P. R. James, Esq. In 3 vols, post 8vo. price 11. Us. Gd. 
 
 ARRAH NEIL; or, TIMES OF OLD. 
 
 By G. P. R. James, Esq. Three vols, post 8vo. price 11. Us. Gd. 
 
 THE SMUGGLER. 
 
 A Novel. By G. P. R. James, Esq. Three vols. post 8vo. price 17. Us. Gd. 
 
 ME, JAMES'S CHARLEMAGNE. 
 
 THE HISTORY OF CHARLEMAGNE, 
 
 With a Sketch op the State and History of France, from the 
 Fall of the Roman Empire to the Rise of the Carlovingian Dynasty. 
 By G. P. R. James, Esq. A new edition, in demy 8vo. price 12*. cloth. 
 
 ■O 
 
ft. ■ * 
 
 SMITH, ELDER A7JD C5., COEIJEILI. 5 
 
 LEIGH HUNT'S SELECTIONS FBOM THE ENGLISH POETS, 
 
 EXEMPLIFYING 
 
 X. IMAGINATION AND FANCY. II. WIT AND HUMOUR. 
 
 Bound in cloth, with gilt edge*, price 10s. Gd. each. 
 Each volume is complete in itself, and preceded by an Essay illustrative 
 of the qualities respectively exemplified in the selections ; the best pass- 
 ages are marked and commented upon, and each author is characterized. 
 
 In "Imagination and Fancy," Mr. Leigh Hunt has given an 
 answer to the question "What is Poetry?" in an Essay that forms an 
 Introduction to the whole range of poetical invention ; one region of 
 which — the purely imaginative and fanciful — is investigated in a spirit of 
 critical and genial enjoyment. 
 
 '■ Wit and Humour" is prefaced by an illustrative Essay, exemplify- 
 ing the various modes in which these qualities have been manifested in 
 Prose and Poetry. 
 
 Opinions of the Press on Wit and Humour. 
 "The design of this delightful series extends beyond a collection of elegant extracts, 
 while it combines the best features of such collections. The two volumes already 
 published arc precisely the books one would wish to carry for companionship on a 
 journey, or to have at hand when tired of work, or at a loss what to do for want of it. 
 They are selections of some of the best things some of our best authors ha\e said, 
 accompanied with short but delicate expositions and enforcements of their beauties. 
 They arc truly most genial, agreeable, and social books." — Examiner. 
 
 "This is really a delightful volume, forming a proper complement and companion to its 
 predecessor on ' Imagination and fancy.' Each of them gives us the best passages of the 
 best writers, in their respective kinds, illustrated by one who will himself leave no mean 
 remembrance to posterity, in the spirit of genial criticism, informed by a delicate faculty 
 of discrimination. What more could literary epicures desire ?" — Morning Chronicle. 
 
 " If we were lo choose the subject and the author of a fireside book for the long winter 
 evenings, we should certainly rail some such volume as this into existence. The reader 
 will look for exquisite things in this book, and he w ill find a great deal more than he looks 
 for in the prodigal resources opened up in its pages. It is the very essence of the sunniest 
 qualities from English poets." — Atlas. 
 
 "There is something genial in the very title of this volume; and it does not belie its 
 title. 'Wit and Humour,' forms" a pendant to ' Imagination and Fancy,' by the same 
 author. A like design is embodied in both works. The book is at once exhilarating and 
 suggestive : it may charm frivolous minds into wisdom, and austere ones into mirth." — 
 Athenceum. 
 
 Opinions of the Press on Imagination and Fancy. 
 
 " This volume is handsomely printed, and beautifully bound in a new style of ex- 
 quisite delicacy and richness. In external beauty ' Imagination and Fancy ' equals any 
 gift-books (hat have appeared; and it will form a more enduring memorial than any 
 other volume that might be selected as a gift for the coming season." — Spectator. 
 
 " This is a Christmas gilt, north half a dozen of the Annuals put together, and at half 
 the cost of one of them. We have often w ished for such a book, and in our aspiration, 
 the name of Leigh Hunt has ever presented itself as that of the man above all others 
 qualified t" do justice to so charming a subject." — Morning Chronicle. 
 
 "The volume is, we trust, the precursor of many more, which will complete and do 
 justice lo the plan. The scries so completed would be the best ' elegant extracts ' in the 
 language." — Examiner. Z " r *»^ -:rr. m - *fl 
 
 " This is a charming volume: both externally and internally it is most attractive." — Itlas. 
 
 "It is a book that every one who has a taste must have, and every one who has not 
 should have in order (0 acquire one." — Jerrold's Magazine. 
 
 "This book is tastefully got up, and we should think better of the house where we 
 saw a well-read copy of it lying about."— Tail's Magazine. 
 
 "These illustrations of 'Imagination and Fancy' are distinguished by great critical 
 sagacity, and a remarkable appreciation of those qualities."— Herald. 
 
 The Third Volume of this Series, illustrative of 
 "ACTION AND PASSION," 
 Will appear in the Autumn. 
 
WORKS PUBLISHED 37 
 
 THE OXFOED GRADUATE OX ART. 
 
 "MODERN PAINTERS." 
 
 Volume the First. By A Graduate of Oxpord. A New 
 Edition, revised by the Author, being the Third. In imperial 8vo., 
 price 18s. cloth. 
 
 SECOND VOLUME OP "MODERN PAINTERS." 
 
 Treating of the Imaginative and Theoretic Faculties. By a 
 Graduate of Oxford. In one volume, imperial 8vo., price 10*. Gd. 
 cloth. 
 
 " We are prepared emphatically to declare, that litis work is (he most valuable contri- 
 bution towards a proper view of painting, its purpose and means, that has come w ithin our 
 knowledge." — Foreign Quarterly Review. 
 
 "A work distinguished by an enlightened style of criticism, new to English readers, 
 and by the profound observation of nature displayed by the author." — Dublin University 
 Magazine. 
 
 " This is the production of a highly gifted mind, one who has evidently bestowed lime 
 and labour to obtain a practical knowledge of the fine arts, and who writes eloquently, 
 feellnglF, and fearlessly." — Polytechnic Hevieiv. 
 
 " It has seldom been our lot to take up a work more admirably conceived and written 
 than this beautiful and elaborate essay. To a perfect idea of the scope of the inquiry, 
 and a mastery of all the technicalities required for its due treatment, the Graduate unites 
 considerable metaphysical power, extent of philosophical and scientific knowledge, a clear 
 ond manly stjlc of expression, and no inconsiderable command of humour and satire." — 
 Atlas. 
 
 "A very extraordinary and delightful hook, full of truth and goodness, of power and 
 beauty. This remarkable work contains more true philosophy, — more information or a 
 strictly scientific kind, — more original thought and exact observation of nature, — more 
 enlightened and serious enthusiasm, and more eloquent writing than it would be easy to 
 match, not merely in works of its own class, but in those of any class whatever." — 
 North British Review. 
 
 "A generous and impassioned review of the works of living painters: a hearty and 
 earnest work, full of deep thought, and developing great and striking truths in art. The 
 work, as a whole, commands our admiration. It lavs before us the deeply studied reflec- 
 tions of a devout worshipper of nature — of one thoroughly imbued with the love of 
 truth." — British Quarterly Review. 
 
 OUTLINES OP SOCIAL, ECONOMY, 
 
 Written specially with a view to inculcate upon the rising generation the 
 three great duties of Social Life : 
 
 1st. To strive to be self-supporting— not to be a burthen upon Society. 
 
 2nd. To avoid making any engagements explicit or implied, whether 
 with persons now living or yet to be born, for the due performance of 
 which there is no reasonable prospect. 
 
 3rd. To make such use of all superior advantages, whether of knowledge, 
 skill, or wealth, as to promote to the utmost the general happiness of 
 mankind. 
 
 Foolscap 8vo., price Is. Gd. half-bound. 
 *** The Publishers have instructions to supply to National Schools, British 
 and Foreign Schools, and to all schools supported by Voluntary Contributions, 
 a limited number of copies, at Gd. each. 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY AND FORMATION OP 
 THE UNDERSTANDING. 
 
 By the Author of b Outlines of Social Economy." 1 vol. foolscap 
 8vo. price 2s. half bound. 
 
a. 
 
 smith, Eiaaa atjd co., coehhih. 
 
 7 
 
 THE JESUITS IX ENGLAND. 
 
 THE NOVITIATE; or, THE JESUIT IN TRAINING. 
 
 Being A Year among the ENGLISH Jesuits : a Personal Narrative. 
 By Andrew Steinmktz. Second Edition, with Memoir and Portrait 
 of the Author. In one vol. post 8vo. price 7*. G^. bound in cloth. 
 
 " This is a remarkable hook — a revealer of secrets, anil full of materials for thought. 
 .... It is written with every appearance of strict and honourahle truthfulness. It 
 describes, with a welcome minuteness, the daily, nightly, hourly occupations of Ihe 
 Jesuit Novitiates at Stonyhurst, their religious exercises and manners, in private and 
 together; and depicts, with considerable aculeness and power, the conflicts of an intelli- 
 gent, susceptible, honest-purposed spirit, while passing through such a process. If our 
 readers should he disposed to possess themselves of this volume, it will be their own 
 fault if the reading of it be profitless/ 1 — British Quarterly Revietv. 
 
 " This is as singular a book of its kind as has appeared since Blanco White's 
 'Letters of Dohlado,' with Ihe advantage of dealing with the Jesuits in England, instead 
 of Popery in Spain It will he found a very curious work." — Spectator. 
 
 " If it he desirable lo know what is thai mode of training by which the Jesuit system 
 prepares its novices for their duties, this is the book lo inform us, for it is a chronicle of 
 actual evperience. . . . The work of Mr Steinmclz is throughout marked by great 
 fairness, ... he neither conceals nor exaggerates ; a spirit of candour pervades 
 the whole narrative. . . . Could we know the experience of other novices, we should 
 find thai all have undergone, with more or less intensity, the process s.> vividly described 
 in this volume. . . . It is written in an extremely animated style. The author's 
 thoughts are original, and the passages relating to his personal history and feelings are 
 agreeably introduced, and add lo the interest of his narrative. It is a sullicient proof of 
 his accuracy, that, though the Jesuits have many pens in this country, not one has been 
 hardy enough to impugn a sentence of his statements." — Britannia. 
 
 " Mr. Sleinmelz writes a most singular and interesting account of Ihe Jesuit semi- 
 nary, and his way of life there. ... He seems lo be a perfectly honest and credible 
 informer, and his testimony may serve lo enlighten many a young devotional aspirant 
 who is meditating 'submission' to Home, and the chain and scourge systems. There is 
 nothing in Ihe least resembling invective in Ihe volume." — Morning Chronicle. 
 
 "Ala lime when Jesuitism seems to he rising once more, any work on Ibis subject 
 comes very opportunely. How the writer became a member of this mysterious body 
 gives a key lo Ihe character of the man himself, and Ihe spirit of his hook. . . This 
 narrative is well written, and as interesting as we expected." — Weekly Chronicle. 
 
 " The work has all Ihe interest of a romance, and yel w e do not believe that any portion 
 of it is ficlilious. . . . The author writes well, and evinces a strong and disciplined mind. 
 The picture be draws of Jesuitism is a fearful one. The reader will find abundant matter 
 for grave consideration in this most singular and sinking volume."— John Bull. 
 
 " A more remarkable work it has seldom been our fortune to peruse. We hear and 
 read much of the Quietism and Passive Obedience inculcated amongst the Jesuit body; 
 but here we become personal spectators of these principles in action. . . . Mr. Slein- 
 melz appears to be a most remarkable character. He may be received as an unbiassed 
 witness. . . . We repeat it, Mr. Slcinmetz's book is most valuable; earnest and truthful 
 in its tone, and extremely interesting in its detail." — A'ew Quarterly Heview. 
 
 THE JESUIT IN THE FABSILV. 
 
 A Tale. By Andrew Steinmetz. In one vol. post 8vo. price 9s. 
 cloth. 
 
 " A well-written and powerful novel, constructed for the development of Jesuit prac- 
 tices, and lo show Ihe Jesuit in action. The interest in some parts is intensely w rought 
 up. Mr. Sleinmelz has produced a work of no ordinary character, full of talent and full 
 of interest."— John Bull. 
 
 " Remarkable for force of ideas and originality of sljle. * * * The narrative is dra- 
 matic, holh in construction and language, and marked with great vivacity. In Ihe conduct 
 of the slory and action of Ihe personages, Mr. Sleinmelz shows that he has closely studied 
 human life, and profiled by his observations. Indeed, we recollect no recent fiction that 
 gives a more acute exposition of the varieties of individual character."— Britannia. 
 
8 
 
 WORKS JUST PUBLISHED BY 
 
 FIRST SEEIES OF TALES OF THE COLONIES. 
 
 TALES OP THE COLONIES ; OR, THE ADVENTURES 
 OF AN EMIGRANT. 
 
 By Charles Rowcroft, Esq., a late Colonial Magistrate. The Fifth 
 Edition. In foolscap 8vo., price 6s. cloth. 
 
 " 'Talcs of ihc Colonics ' is an ahlc and interesting book. The author has the first 
 great requisite in fiction— a knowledge of the life he undertakes to describe ; and his 
 matter is solid and real." — Spectator. 
 
 " This is a him ft, as distinguished from one of the bundles of waste paper in three 
 divisions, calling themselves 'novels.' " — .4then<eum. 
 
 " The narration has a deep and exciting interest. No mere romance, no mere 
 fiction, however skilfully imagined or powerfully executed, can surpass it. The work to 
 which if bears (he nearest similitude is ltoliinson Crusoe, and it is scarcely, if al all 
 inferior to that extraordinary history." — John Bull. 
 
 " Since the lime of Robinson Crusoe, literature has produced nothing like these 
 ' Tales of the Colonies.' " — Metropolitan Magazine. 
 
 " .... Romantic literature docs not supply instances of wonderful escape more 
 marvellous. . . . The book is manifestly a mixture of fact and fiction, yet it gives, we 
 have every reason to believe, a true picture of a settler's life in that country; and is 
 thickly interspersed with genuine and useful information." 
 
 Chambers's Edinburgh Journal. 
 
 " The contents of the first volume surpass in interest many of the novels of Sir 
 Waller Scott."— Westminster Review. 
 
 " An exceedingly lively and interesting narrative, which affords a more striking view 
 of the habits of emigrant colonial life Ihan all the regular treatises, statistical returns, and 
 even exploratory tours which we have read. ... It combines the fidelity of truth with 
 the spirit of a romance, and has altogether so much of De Foe in its character and com- 
 position, that whilst we run we learn, and, led along by the variety of the incidents, 
 become real ideal settlers in Van Diemen's Land." — Literary Gazette. 
 
 SECOND SEEIES OF TALES OF THE COLONIES. 
 
 THE BUSHRANGER OF VAN DIEMEN'S LAND. 
 
 By C. Rowcroft, Esq., Author of " Tales of the Colonies." In 3 vols, 
 post 8vo. price \l. lis. del. 
 
 " These volumes have the same qualities that gained so much popularity for the 
 Author's previous work 'Tales of the Colonies.' No one has depicted colonial life, as 
 manifested in the settlements of Australia, w ith so much vigour and truth as Mr. Rowcroft. 
 He rather seems to be a narrator of actual occurrences Ihan an inventor of imaginary ones. 
 Bis characters, his manners, and his scenes are all real. He has been compared to Dc 
 Foe, and the comparison is just." — Britannia. 
 
 " These volumes form a second series of ' Tales of the Colonies,' and the pages 
 are marked by the same vigorous and graphic pen which procured such celebrity for the 
 first series. The interest, generally well sustained throughout, is occasionally of ihe most 
 absorbing and thrilling kind. Altogether, there is a freshness about these volumes which 
 brings them out in strong contrast to the vapid productions with which the press is 
 leeming."— Globe. 
 
 " The story contains all the merits of Ihe ' Tales of the Colonies ' as regards style ; 
 being simple and Crusoite, if we might use the term, in its narrative. Mr. Rowcroft 
 possesses invention to an extraordinary degree, in the manner in which he manages 
 the escapes of Ihe bushranger,— and he produces, by Ihe simplest incidents, most 
 interesting scenes ;— pictures of nature and of a society totally different from anything to 
 be found elsewhere."— Weekly Chronicle. 
 
 FANNY THE LITTLE MILLINER j OR, THE RICH AND 
 THE POOR. 
 
 By Charles Rowcroft, Esq. In one vol. 8vo., handsomely bound in 
 cloth gilt, with Plates, price 14s. — The twelve parts may be had 
 separately, price Is. each, sewed. 
 
 K W 
 
SMITH, ELDER AWD CO., CORWHIII. 
 
 THE FARMER'S FRIEND. A Periodical Record of Recent Dis- 
 coveries, Improvements, and Practical Suggestions in Agriculture. 
 One volume, post 8vo. price 7s. Gd. cloth. 
 "This may emphatically lie called "The Farmer's Friend." It is one of the most 
 valuable and complete fanning hooks that lias been published, and ought to be in the 
 hands of every farmer." — Sunder/and Times. 
 
 "Decidedly one of the most useful books: a really excellent work." — Cumberland 
 Pacquet. 
 
 "A more valuable anil important addition to the book shelf of the English yeoman can 
 scarcely be made." — Nottingham Mercury. 
 
 "A most excellent work." — Cambridge Advertiser. 
 
 "We recommend this work to every lannci." — Uridgewater Times. 
 
 "This admirable work every practical farmer in the" land should have in his posscss- 
 sion." — Cheltenham Journal. 
 
 "A cheap and sterling work."— Oxford Herald. 
 
 "The best adjunct to the farmer." — Kentish Observer. 
 
 THE INDIAN MEAL BOOK: 
 
 Comprising the best American Receipts for the various Preparations of 
 that excellent Article. By Eliza Leslie, of Philadelphia; Author of 
 "American Domestic Cookery;" " The House Book ; " " Seventy -five 
 Receipts ; " " French Cookery ; " &e. &c. Second Edition. Foolscap 
 8vo. sewed in a wrapper, price Is. 6d. 
 " Next to the corn itself, we cannot conceive a more acceptable present to the poor of 
 
 any neighbourhood, either individually or in parochial libraries, than Miss Leslie's work. 
 
 It is very simple, and embraces recipes for every purpose to which maize is put in the 
 
 United States, and therefore cannot but add to the comfort of the too limited table of the 
 
 labouring man." — Indian News. 
 
 " This little volume contains about sixty receipts for different preparations of Indian 
 
 meal, and all of which may be found useful in the threatened dearth. Maize, or Indian 
 
 corn, is now admitted to be the best and most available substitute for the potato." — 
 
 Economist. 
 
 A FAMILIAR EXPLANATION OF THE ART OF 
 ASSAYING GOLD AND SILVER; 
 
 And its bearing upon the Interests of the Public demonstrated ; with 
 considerations on the Importance of the Pix Jury; a Review of the past 
 and present state of the Goldsmiths' Trade ; and a Table, showing- the 
 mixture and sterling value per ounce of every quality of Gold that can be 
 alloyed. By James H. Watherston, Goldsmith. 12mo., price3s. Gd. 
 cloth. 
 
 COMMENTARY ON THE HOLY GOSPELS, 
 
 Arranged according to the Table of Lessons for Daily Service ; 
 designed for Family Reading. By the Rev. Henry Mackenzie, M.A., 
 of Pembroke College, Oxford; Incumbent of Great Yarmouth. 8vo., 
 price Is. Gd. cloth; or in Five Parts, at Is. 3d. each. 
 
 ON THE SITE OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE. 
 
 With a Map of Jerusalem. By George Finlay, Esq., K.R.G., Author 
 of " Greece under the Romans." In 8vo., price 1*. Gd. sewed. 
 
 A NARRATIVE OF THE RECOVERY OF H. M. S. 
 GORGON. 
 
 (Charles Hotham, Esq. Captain), Stranded in the Bay of Monte 
 Video, May 10, 1844. By Astley Cooper Key, Commander, R.N. 
 (late Lieut, of H. M. S. Gorgon.) 1 vol. 8vo. with numerous Plates. 
 Price 7s. Gd. cloth. 
 
WORKS JUST PUBLISHES BY 
 
 ENGLAND'S COLONIAL EMPIRE. 
 
 An Historical, Political, and Statistical Account of the 
 British Empire, its Colonies and Dependencies. By Charles 
 Pridham, Esq., B.A., Member of the Royal Geographical Society, Sec. 
 Volume I.— Comprising 
 i THE! MAURITIUS AND ITS DEPENDENCIES. 
 
 " The first volume of a work intended to completely exhibit England's Colonial Empire. 
 The author is Mr. Pridham, who, in a modest preface, apologises for having at so early an age 
 undertaken so gigantic a task. The first volume, however, shows no lack of either ability, 
 research, or knowledge. It is occupied with an excellent account of the Mauritius, divided 
 into four parts : the first part gives its history from its discovery by the Portuguese to the 
 present time ; the second describes its inhabitants, and their institutions and states; the third 
 its physical features and natural productions; and the fourth its industry, commerce, and 
 government. Ample information is given on all the-e heads, and regarding'lhe extent of the 
 author's design, and the evidence he gives of the requiMte qiuthlicution to carry it out satis- 
 factorily, we make no doubt that his work will be a valuable addition to the history and geo- 
 graphy of our colonial empire. The present volume is complete in itself." — Britannia. 
 
 " This is the first volume of what promises to be an important national work. The instal- 
 ment now before us is brimful of valuable and interesting information, making up by far the 
 mcst complete account of Mauritius which has yet been given to the world. The author has 
 the qualification necessary to the due fulfilment of the last which he has set himself. He is 
 patient and pains-taking, accurate and impartial." — Atlas. 
 
 " This is the firs! volume of a series, which we hope to see completed in the spirit which the 
 task has been undertaken. As a whole, we are hound to say, that the book is a standard one, 
 and that ' England's Colonial Empire' has met with a chronicler of zeal, industry, and ability." 
 — Colonial Gazette. 
 
 "There is no other such description of the Mauritius extant. The author has not only 
 consulted the best, and perhaps all the authorities, but he has added information of bis own, 
 apparently gathered on the spot." — Economist. 
 
 THE COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN EUROPE AND 
 INDIA THROUGH EGYPT, 
 
 Considered in relation to the Political and Commercial Interests of Great 
 Britain, and the Policy of France. By George Finlay, Esq., K.R.G., 
 Author of " Greece under the Romans." — In 8vo., price 2s. 6<2. 
 " A well-written and very interesting pamphlet on a subject of immense interest to the 
 government and people of Britain, and one on which, wc arc afraid, sufficient atlcntion 
 has not been bestowed by the authorities in this counlry." — Cumberland Pacguet. 
 
 CLINICAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE DISEASES OF 
 INDIA: As Exhibited in the Medical History of a Body op 
 European Soldiers, for a Series of Years from their Arrival in that 
 Country. By William Geddes, M.D., Member of the Royal Medical 
 Society of Edinburgh, and the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta, 
 and late Surgeon of the Madras European Regiment. In one vol. 8vo. 
 Price 16s. cloth. 
 
 " It is hardly possible to conceive a more complete medical history than the one furnished 
 by Dr. Getldes. He has conferred an inestimable benefit upon medical science; and no prac- 
 titioner who regards either his interest or his duty can be without the book." — Indian Servs. 
 
 11 To the medical officers in India, and especially to those about to proceed thither, this will 
 be found a valuable book of reference, and well merits to be included in the list of works 
 with which officers are required to provide themselves on joining the service."— British and 
 Foreign Medical Review. 
 
 " We strongly recommend every medical man going to the East Indies to have a copy of 
 it at his side, as affording an excellent pattern for him to follow in the accumulation and 
 arrangement of his observations when engaged in practice. Dr. Geddes has done for the 
 symptoms of the diseases which he describes what Louis has done for the microscopic pheno- 
 mena of fever." — Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
 
 "The leading characters of this volume are great precision and accuracy. This work must 
 be referred to as a source of correct information on most questions relating to the diseases 
 prevalent among Europeans in India." — Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 " The book will be valuable to every future practitioner as a means of knowing the success 
 of certain methods of treating the diseases of India ; and the student will find in it a minute 
 description of those diseases which he is most likely to meet, should he be destined to serve in 
 the East."— Lancet. 
 
 w Si 
 
x — « 
 
 SMITH, ELDER AKD CO., COKNHI1L. 11 
 
 £>rimtfffc SllusitrateH. 
 
 COMPLETION OF 
 
 SIR JOHN HERSCHEL'S SURVEY OF THE HEAVENS. 
 
 RESULTS OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, 
 
 Made during the years 1834, 5, 6, 7, 8, at the Cape of Good Hope ; 
 being the completion of a Telescopic Survey of the whole surface of the 
 visible Heavens, commenced in 1825. By Sir John Hekschel, Bart., 
 K.H., M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S., L. & E., Hon. M.R.I.A., P.R.A.S., F.G.S., 
 M.C.U.P.S., &c. &c. &c. 
 
 In 1 vol. royal 4to., with 18 Plates, price Four Guineas. 
 
 UNDER THE AUSPICES OP H. M. GOVERNMENT, AND OP THE HON. THE 
 COURT OF DIRECTORS OP THE EAST INDIA COMPANY. 
 
 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS, 
 
 The Fossil Zoology of the Sewalik Hills, in the North of 
 India. By Hugh Falconer, M.D., F.R S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Member 
 of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and of the Royal Asiatic Society ; of 
 the Bengal Medical Service, and late Superintendent of the H. E. I. C. 
 Botanic Garden at Saharunpoor : and Proby T. Cautley, F.G.S., 
 Major in the Bengal Artillery, Member of the Asiatic Society of 
 Bengal, Sec. Edited by Dr. Hugh Falconer. The Fossil Bones, 
 drawn from nature and on stone, by G. H. Ford, and Assistants. 
 
 Plan of Publication.— The work will appear in about Twelve Parts, to 
 be published at intervals of four months; each Part containing from Twelve 
 to Fifteen folio Plates. The descriptive Letterpress will be printed in 
 royal octavo. Price of each Part, one Guinea. — Part I. contains 
 Proboscidea. — Parts II. and III., containing the continuation of 
 Proboscidea, will be published shortly. Prospectuses of the Work 
 may be obtained of the Publishers. 
 
 " A work of immense labour and research Nothing has ever appeared in 
 
 lithography in Ihis country at all comparable to these plates ; and as regards the repre- 
 sentations of minute osseous texture, by Mr. Ford, they arc perhaps the most perfect 
 that have y et been produced in any country. . . . The work has commenced with the 
 Elephant group, in which the authors say ' is most signally displayed the numerical rich- 
 ness of forms which characterises the Fossil Fauna of India;' and the first chapter 
 relates to the Proboscidea — Elephant and Mastodon. The authors have not restricted 
 themselves to a description of the Sewalik Fossil forms, but they propose to trace the 
 affinities, and institute an arrangement of all the well-determined species in the family. 
 They give a brief historical sketch of the leading opinions which have been entertained 
 by palaeontologists respecting the relations of the Mastodon and Elephant lo each other, 
 and of the successive steps in the discovery of new forms which have led to the modifica- 
 tions of these opinions. They slate that the results to which they themselves have been 
 conducted, lead them lo differ on certain points horn the opinions most commonly enter- 
 tained at the present day, respecting the fossil species of Elephant and Mastodon." — 
 Address of the President of the Geological Society of London, 20lh Feb. 18i6. 
 
WORKS PUBLISHED EY 
 
 Works recently Published and in progress under the authority 
 of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. 
 
 %* In order to secure to science the full advantage of Discoveries in Natural 
 History, the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury have been pleased to 
 make a liberal grant of money towards defraying part of the expenses of the fol- 
 lowing important publications. They have, in conseouence, been undertaken on 
 a scale worthy of the high patronage thus received, and are offered to the public 
 at a much lower price than would otherwise have been possible. 
 
 I. 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE ZOOLOGY OF SOUTH 
 AFRICA. 
 
 Comprising all tlie new species of Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles, and 
 Fishes, obtained during the Expedition fitted out by " The Cape of Good 
 Hope Association for exploring Central Africa," in the years 1834, 1835, 
 and 1836, with Letterpress Descriptions, and a Summary of African 
 Zoology. By Andrew Smith, M.D., Surgeon to the Forces, and 
 Director of the Expedition. In Royal Quarto Parts, price \Qs. and 12s. 
 each, containing on an average ten beautifully coloured Engravings, with 
 descriptive Letterpress. Twenty-four Parts are now published. 
 
 n. 
 
 THE ZOOLOGY OF THE VOVAGE OF H M.S. SULPHUR, 
 
 Under the Command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., C.B. 
 F.R.G.S., &c. Edited and Superintended by Richard Brinsley 
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 THE BOTANY OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. SULPHUR, 
 
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■ 
 
 SMITH, ELDER AND CO., COBlfHIIL. 13 
 
 PUBLISHED WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF 
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 GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE DURING THE 
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 A DISSERTATION ON THE TRUE AGE OF THE EARTH, 
 
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 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES, CHEMICAL AND 
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14 
 
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 TLLUSTEATED WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY BY 
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 ESSAY ON THE LIFE AND INSTITUTIONS OF OFPA, 
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18 
 
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 ANGLO-SAXON L1TEEATUEE. 
 
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 THE INVALID S GUIDE TO MADEIRA. 
 
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 NOTES AMD OBSERVATIONS ON THE IONIAN ISLANDS 
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