ILvNS SloankEsu^ Digitized by tiie Internet Arciiive in 2011 witii funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library http://www.archive.org/details/lifeofjohntillotOObirc "aPR 3 1959 THE \^, LIFE Of the Most Reverend Dr. JO HJV I'lLLOl'SON, Lord Archbishop of Ca?tterbury. Compiled chiefly from HIS ORIGINAL PAPERS AND LETTERS. By THOMAS BIRCH, D,D.]J Redor of the United Parifhes of St. Margaret Pat- tens and St. Gabriel Fenchurch, and Secretary to the Royal Society. The SECOND EDITION, correaed and inlarged. LONDON: Printed for J. and R.Tonson and S. Draper, R.Ware, J. and P. Knapton, S. Birt, T. Longman, C. Hitch and L. Hawes, J. Hodges, A. Millar, J. and J. Ri- viNGTON, J. Ward', W. Johnston, C. Corbet, and M. Cooper. M.UCC.Liil. (iii) To the Moft Reverend HIS GRACE, THOMAS, Lord Archbifliop of Canterbury^ Primate and Metropolitan of all England, My Lord, ' TH E prefent attempt to do juftice to the memory of one of the moft amiable, as well as eminent^ of your predecefibrs, owes fo much to your Grace's communi- cation and affifiance, that I fhall alledge no excufe for this public offer of it, tho' the performance itfelf may require one. A 2 The iv DEDICATION. The numerous readers, who have received the moft ufeful entertainment and inftrudion from his writings, to which our language is equally obHg'd with our common Chriflianity, have long regretted, that fo many fucceffive editions fhould have pafs'd the prefs without the ufual refpecl, paid to infe- rior writers, of fome previous ac- count of one, whofe hiftory would af-- ford ample fubjeci; both for curiofity and example. It was with a juft diffidence^ that I undertook this work, unwilling to obtrude again upon the world, in any difference of form, fuch fads only, as it was ah-eady poffefs'd of. But your Grace's favour encourag'd my profecution of it, by opening to me that valuable treafure of manu- fcripts ia your palace at Lainheth^ which DEDICATION, v which I had been indulg'd in the ufe of upon other occalions. There I foon met with a volume in Archbifliop TiLLOT son's own hand -writing, con- taining, befides remarks made in the courfe of his reading, his defigns for the farther defence, illuftration, and inforcement of our holy religion, and draughts of feveral papers and letters, that may ftill raife him higher in the public opinion. Thefe his modefty had conceal' d in his own fecret cha- radlers : But having been decypher'd for me by a very worthy friend of mine *, whofe reverence for the writer, and fatisfadion in unlocking his fenti- raents, foften'd the labour of the tafk, they are now incorporated with fuch other * The late Mr. Philip Gibbs, author oi Jn hijlorical account of compendious and fwift wriiing, and of an FJpiy towards a further improvement of (hot t- hand. vi. DEDICATION. other coUeffioris, as my own re- fearches, and thofe of my friends, could procure. And where could the refult of the whole be prefented with fo much propriety, independently of my own obligations, as to the patronage of a fucceffor of this illuftrious Archbifhop, refembling him in many relpeds more important than that of filling the fame See ; eminence in the great office of a Chriftian preacher ; condefcenfion and affability, reconciling inferiors to elevation of rank, without detracting from its dignity ; humanity and ge- nerofity unreftrain'd by the parties and diftlncl:ions of mankind ; mode- ration of temper and principles moft friendly to the true interefts of the eftabliOi'd church ; and a known re- luctance to acccotinor the firft ftation in DEDICATION, vii in it, with this pecuHar circumftance of having before (hewn the hisheft quahfications for it, by a condud: in the fecond, from which the pubHc fafety received its earh'eft fupport at its mod dangerous crifis ? But the concurrent fentiments of the nation anticipate me upon thefe ob- vious topics ; nor fhall I attempt any thing farther, than to exprefs my own gratitude, and the high efteem and veneration, with which I am, My Lord, Your Grace's Moft dutiful, mofl obliged, and moft obedient humble Servant, T H o. Birch. ( I ) THE LIFE O F Dr. John Tillotson, Archbifliop of Canterbury, DR. John Tillotson, Archbifliop ol Can- terbury^ was dcfcencied of a family an- tiently of the name of Tilston of iilfton in Chejhire, the anceftor of which was Nicolas de Tilston, lord of the manor of Tiljion, from whom defcended Nicolas de Tilston in the ninth year of king Edward III, whofe great grand- fon and heir Rcrt!)ER Tilston, Efq; in the reign of Henry V, married Catherine fecond dau2:htcr of Sir John Leigh, of Baguley in Chejhire, Knt. His fon and heir Thomas Tilston married Eli- zabeth daughter and heirefs of Hugh Heath of Huxley, in the fame county, as Richard the fecond fon of this Thomas did Maud daughter of Richard Bostock, by whom he had feveralfons, of whom the third, Roger, of Newport in Shrop- flnre^ married Elizabeth fecond daughter of B WiL- £ ^he Life of Dr.^oinnTiLLorsoi^^ William Leighton, fecond fon of Sir Thomas 'Leigrton of ^^alle/bo?'ou^b, in the fame county, Knt. The third fon of this Ralph was Thomas, of IVockliff in the parifli of Carlton in Craven in the county of /br/^, wlio changed his name from Til- STON to Tillotson. His fon George Tillot- soN had by his wife Eleanor, daughter of Ellis Nutter oi Pendle Forefi in Lancajhire^ a fon and heir, Robert, the father of the archbifhop s who was the eldefl of three fons, Joshua and Israel being the younger; and was born of parents more diftinguifhed by their integrity and piety, than their rank and fortune ''. His father, Mr. Robert Til- lotson, was a confiderable clothier of Sowerhy in the parilh of Hallifax, in the county of Torky and remarkable for a good underftanding, and an un- common knowledge of the fcriptures ; but fo zea- ioudy attached to the fyftem of Calvin, which was almoft univerfally rcceiv'd in that age, that his prejudices in favour of it were fcarce to be mode- rated by all the reafonings of his fon, whom he liv'd to fee Dean of Canterbury^ being, as appears- from a letter of the Dean % alive in May 1 679. His mother was Mary, the daughter of Thomas DoBsoN, of the fame place, Gentleman % a wo- man • i?rom the genealogy of the family of Til st on or Til- lotson drawn up in the year 1682, compar'd with one in the office of heralds, and communicated to me by the Rev. Joshua Tillotson, M. A. the worthy and learned furmafter of St. PauFi fchool, London, and great nephew of the Archbifhop, being grandfon of his brother Israel. ^ Prayers before his confecration. ^ Direfled to his coufm Mr. Timothy Bentley, of Sotveriy-Deaji, and com- municated to me by the Rev. Mr. Ti llotson. ** Life of Archbifhop Til lot SON, p. 4 edit. Londo»,iyij, fol. This piece, of which there is alfb an edition in 8vo, is pretended, in the title-page, to have been compird from the mi- nutes of the Rev. Mr. Young, late Dean o/"Salifbury, hy F. H. M. A. iJvith many curious memoirs, communicated by the late Hight Rev. Gilbert, Lord Bijhop of Sarum. Bifliop Ken- net, ArchhlJl:op of Q^Siitihmy, 3 tnan of excellent charavflcr, but unhappy for man/ years of her hfe in the lof:) of her underftanding =. He was born at a houfe called Havgh-End^^ in Sowerhy, in the latter end of September^ or begin- ning of Oofober 1630, and baptiz'd there on the third oiOclober; one of his godl. chcrs being Mr. Joshua WiTTON, a native ot .Jcic'Yt/^', afterwards Reftor o^^hornhill, in the fame county, from which he was ejefted in 1662, for nonconformity •. His enemies indeed in the reign of Charles 11. r.rs'd a ftory, reviv'd after his promotion to the See o^Can- terbttry^ alluded to by himfclf in a letter to lady Rujfcl in /lugujl 1692, and faid by Dr. Hick.es* to have taken its rife trom his father's very early turning Anabaptift, that he was never baptizM at all. And Dr. Peter Birch, Prebendary o^ fVeJi- minfier, who, tho' himfelf educated in the Prefoy- terian principles '', affedted to diftinguifh himfelf by his zeal for the church, is fuppos'd to have meant our Prelate, in his fermon before the Houfe of Commons, on the 30th of January 1695., where* he compiain'd of fathers of the churchy who never were her fans. But his baptifm, on the day above- mentioned, is inconteftably prov'd by the parifh regifter, a certificate of which was attefted by Mr. Joseph Wilkinson, Vicar of Hallifax^ and Jo. Gaukroger, Clerk of that parifh. B 2 His WET, In the III'' vol of the Complete Hifiory o/" England, ^.673, note [b], fccond edition, obferves, that " fomc perfons had " reafon to believe, that Bijhop Burnet and /)fa« Young " had little or no hand in that life :" and both the performance itfelf, and the name of the bookieller, E. Curll, wiil con- firm that fufpicion. ^ Prayers, ubi fupra. ^ Dr. Ca LAM y's Account, vol. II. p, J^):^. fecovdedit. 1713. and Continuation, p. 942. ^ Some difcsurfes upon Dr. Burnet and Dr. Tillotson, occafioned by the late funeral fermon of the former upon the latter, p. 62. edit. Lon- don, 1695, in 4to. ^ Wood. Athen. Oxon, vol. IL col. 1060. ficond edit. * /*, 20. 4 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, His father, out of a fmall cllate, gave him fo liberal an education, as became the foundation of that eminence of charader and ftation, which he af- terwards attain'd •, and enabled him to return to his parents, and their children, the kindnefs, which he had receiv'd from them, and to Ihew himfelf a fa- ther to them ^. After he had, with a quick proficiency, paft'd through the Grammar fchools, and attain'd a fkill in tht learned langUv^ges fuperior to his years, he was fent to Cambridge, in the year 1647, at the age ot fevcnteen, and admitted Penfioner of Clare-Hall, on the 23d o^ April that year, and into the ma- tricula of that univ^erfity on the firil of July follow- ing. But in his fourth year there, the courfe of his ftudies receiv'd a confiderable interruption, and his life was in imminent danger, from a fevere fick- nefs, followed by an uncommon kind of intermit- tent delirium, under which he laboured till he was gradually reliev'd from it at his father's houfe at Sowerby, whither he had retired from the univerfity for the re-eftablifhment of his health '. He com- menced Bachelor of arts ^t Midfummer 1650, and Mafter of arts in 1654, haying been chofen Fellow .of his college about the 27th of November 1651. His tutor, in whofe. fellowfliip he fucceeded, was Mr. David Clarkson, B. D. eminent for his writings, particularly one intirled, No evidence of Diocefan epifcopacy in the primitive times, printed in 168 1, in 4to. in anfwer to Dr. Stillingfleet, and ^ Prayers, ubi fupra. * This was probably that great and dangerous Jjcknc/s, mentioned m \\\5 prayer- s before his con/e- cration. The abovcmention'd account of it, and of Tome remarkable circumftanccs attending his delirium, was tranfmit- ted tome in a letter from the Rev. and learned Mr. Francis Blackdurne, Archdeacon of C/<-i;rAi«^, and Redor of /J/V-t- mond in Torkfi^ire, who had receiv'd it from the late Rev. Mr. Robert Denton, fon of Mr. John JDenton, the Archbi- Ihop's chamber-fellow at Clare-Hail. r Aichhifiop of Canterbury. 5 and another on the dime fubjefb, printed two years after his death, which happcn'd on the 14th of June 1686™, under t\v2 t\t\c o\' Pi imilive epifcopacy, an- fvver'd by Dr. Henry Maurice in 1691, in his Defence of Diocefan cpifcopacy. Mr. Clark son was, according to Mr. Baxter ", ** a Divine of " extraordinary worth for foiid judgment, heaHng " moderate principles, acqu:iintance v/ith the fa- " thers, great minillerial abilities, and a godly up- *' right life." But his attachment to the princi- ples of the Nonconformifts depriv'd him of the liv- ing of Mortlack^ in Surry , in Augujl 1662. How- ever, his excellent pupil always prcferv'd that An- gular refpedl for him, which he h:?.d contra6ted while he was under his tuition o ; as he did his early friendfhip for two other eminent Nonconformift minifters, Mr. Francis Holdcraft, who had been his chamber-fellow at Clare-Hall '', and Mr. Thomas Sharp, coufin of the Archbifhop of that name, who had been his pupil, and was nephew of Mr. Clakkson, his own tutor ''. Thus his firft education and impreffions were among thofe, who were then called Puritans^ but of the belt fort. And yet, even before his mind was opened to clearer thoughts, he felt Ibmewhac within him, that difpofed him to larger notions, and a better temper, Ihe books, which were put into the hands of the youth at that time, being generally heavy, he could fcarce bear them, even before he knew better things. But he foon met with the im- mortal work of Mr. Chill ingworth % a writer, B 3 whom ^ A fliort chara^ler of that excellent Divine Mr. David Cl^^rkson, printe.i ivitbout the name of place or year. " Reliquire Baxter ian>e, part III. pcj-j. " Dr. Calamy's Account, p. 667. p Ibid. p. 86. 'i Ibid. p. 813. "■ A fernion preached at the funeral of Dr. TiLLOTsoN, Archbifhop o( Canterbury, by Dr. Bur- net, Bifnop oi Saruifi, p. 10, 11, (dit. Lo7id:n, 1694, in 4/(7. 6 7 he Life of Dr. John Til lot son, v/hom he ftiles ' incomparable^ and the glory of his age and nation^ tho' iligmatiz'd, as he obferves, with the charader of a Socinian, tor no other caufe^ but his worthy and fuccefsful attempts to make the Chrijlian religion reafonable, and to dijcover thofe firm and f olid foiindaticns, upon which our faith is built. This admirable book gave his mind the ply, that it held ever after, and put him upon a true fcent. He was foon freed from his firft prejudices, or rather he was never madered by them. Yet he ftili adher'd to that ftriftnefs of life, to which he was bred, and retained a juft value and duetender- nefs for the men of that perfuafion ; and by the ftrength of his reafon, together with the clearnefs of his principles, brought over more ferious per- fons from their fcruples to the communion of the church of England., and fix'd more in it, than any man perhaps of that time. But he neither treated them with contempt or hatred \ and he difliked all levities and railings upon thofe fubjeds. This gave him great advantages in dealing with them ; and he flill perfifted in it, how much foever he was either diiliked or fufpedled by angry men. As he got into a new metliod of ftudy, fo he en- .tered into friendfhips with fome great men, which contribvied not a little to the perfeding his own mind. There was then a fet of as extraordinary perfons in the univerfity, where he was form'd, as perhaps any age has produc'd *, Dr. Ralph Cud- worth, Mafter q^ thrift* s College; Dr. Benja- min Whichcot, Provoft oiKing^s\ Dr. Henry More, and Dr. George Rust, Fellows o^ Chrifi's, and the latter afterwards Bifliop oi Bromore in Ire- land \ Dr. JopiN WoRTHiNGTON, Mafter of J^^/j ; 2nd Mr. John Smith \ Fellow of ^een's College, author * Sermon on Heb. xi. 6. jntitlcd, Toe fjicacy, ufifulncfs, and r(«/cnabl(iie/s oj di^int: faith. • He was born at Aihunh f Archbijlop o/' Canterbury. 7 author of the Sik^ difcciufcs^ lefs known at prefenr, than the fcnfe and profound learning fhewn in them deferve. Thele eminent men were equally admi- rable for the clearnefs and comprehenfion of their thoughts, the extent of their knowledge, and the excellence of their tempers. Rut that, which gave him his laft finifliing, was his clofe and long friend- fhip with Dr. John Wilkins, afterwards Bifliop of Chejier. He went mto all the belt things, thac were in that great man, but fo, that he perfected every one of them. For though Bifhop W ilk ins had more general knowledge, yet Dr. Tillotson was the greater Divine ; and it the former had more flame, the latter was more correct. Both acted with great plainnefs, and were raifcd above regarding vulgar cenfures. And as Bifliop Wilkins had a talent fo peculiar to himfelf, that perhaps never any man could admonifh and reprove with fuch weight and authority, and in a way fo obliging, as he did ; fo no man knew better than this his great friend the art of gaining upon mens hearts, and of making . themfelves find out that, which might be amifs in them •, tho' the gentlenefs and modefty of his tem- per had not lb well fitted him for the rough work of reproving ". After his admifllon into a fellowfliip in his college, befides the pupils transferred to him by his own tu- tor, Mr. Clarkson, he had feveral others cnter'd B 4 under ^church ntzx OuTjdle in 'Northamptciijlnre, being the fon of a far- mer in that parifh, and educated at Emanuel College in Cam- bridge under Dr. Which cot. Thence he was eledted Fellow o^ ^eens College, where he became an eminent tutor, and read a mathematical ledlure for fome years in the public fchools. His Selccl Difcourfes, which were College-exercifes, and contri- buted to raife new thoughts and a fublimer ftyle in the members of the Univerfity, were publifhed by his friend Dr. Worthino- TON in April i65o. He died on the 7th 0? Auguji, 1652, and was interr'd in the chapel of ^cens College, after a funeral fer- mon upon him, preached by ^l^. Simon Patrick, then fel- lo\Y of the College, ^ Funeral fermon, p, 11,12. 8 ne Life of Dr. John Tillotson, under him the fame year, the firft of whom was Mr. John Berdmore, whofe Memorials of him, inferted in the Appendix^ give a juft picture of his admirable temper, unaffedled piety, v/e!l-dire6led fludies, and exemplary care of thofe under his tui- tion ; and tho' drawn up only for the writer's pri- vate review of a characler, which he reverenc'd and admir'd, ferve in general to confirm the higheft ideas, which the world has hitherto form'd of it. But inoffenfive and irreproachable as Mr. Tii.lot- son's behaviour was during his refidence in the uni- verfity, in times of violence, and irreconcilable op- pofition both of political and religious fentiments, it has been particularly attacked by Dr. George HicKES in a pamphlet, full of fuch virulence againfl our great Prelate's memory, as does no ho- nour to the writer's own, and deferves to be treated with more feverity of exprefTion, than I fhould chufe to ufe concerning a man, to whofe learning, efpecially in the northern languages and antiquities, the world is highly oblig'd. In this piece % among ether unauthorized and improbable invectives, hav- ing reprefented Mr. Tillotson as [eajoyidwith the -principles of refinance and rebellion^ when he was firft enter'd at Cambridge; he affirms, that not long af- ter his coming thither, when King Charles I. was brought by that town to Hampton-Court^ and lodg'd near it at Sir John Cutts's houfe at Childerky^ and the fchoiars went thither to Icifs his Majcrty's hands, Mr. Tillotson, and fome few inort-, had fo fig- nalizcd themfelves on the fide of thofe, who were then called Roundheads^ that they were not admitted to that honour with the reft of the fchoiars. Dr. HiCKES adds, that within two yeaisafterMr, 1'il- lotson went ont Midfummer Bachelor of Arts^ by which having locally qualified himfclf for a Fcllow- ihip, " he got the Rumpus niandamus for Dr. Gun- " ning's, ^ Some difccurfes, Lc. p. 62. jlrcbbi/J:op of Canterbury. 9 *' NiN'C's, (which, I think, fays Dr. Hickes, one " of his own gang enjoyed a little before him) as a " reward for his good alledlion to the ivzw/^." That from that time, till his leaving the college, he go- verned ir, the fenior Fellows not daring to oppofe him, on account of the interetl, which he had with his great mailers, for whom he was fo zealous, that the corner of the college, which he and his pu- pils took up in the new building, was called the Roundhead comtr. And that when KingCuARLEsII. was defeated at H^orceficr, he fent for the tables, in which the college grace was written, and after the pafHige of thankfgiving for their benefaftors, Te laudamtis fro bmefaoloribiis nojlris, &c. he added with his own hand, and of his own head, pr^fertim pro niiperd viBorid contra Carolum Stuartum in agro Wigornienfi reportaid, or to that efFedt. The grounds of thefe charges being examin'd by the members of that college, immediately after the publication of that libel, they were found to be ab- folutcly falfe J" j and the following remarks will be fufficient to deftroy their credit. Mr. Tillotson was not enter'd of the college till /Ipril 23, 1647 ; and therefore it is not at all furpriling, if \o young a iludent was not admitted to the honour of kiffing the king's hand, when his Ma;efty was in that neighbourhood in the beginning of June following ='. He took the degree of Bachelor of arts at Midficm- mer, 1 650, and became Fellow of the college No- z-ember 27. the year following^ : whereas Mr. Gun- ning was eje6led from his Fellowfhip fix years be- fore, by warrant from the Earl of Mtwchejier.^ and 2 fuc- y Elfhop Burket's Rcflcflions upon a pamphlet intitled. Some difcourfes. Sec. p. 164, 165, 166. edit. London, 1696. ^ Whitelocke's Memorials, p. z^z. Jecoiid edit. Bi/hop Burnet fays, by miftake, t-xvo months zhev M.r Tillotson's admiffion. » Bilhop Burnet fays erroneoufly, le/ort Cbri^ mas that year, viz. 1650. 10 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, fucceeded in it by Mr. Clarkson, May 5, 1645 >» ; fo that it cannot, with any propriety, be faid, that Mr. Tillotson came into Mr. Gunning's Fellovv- iliip. For though men, as Bilhop Burnet ob- ferves s may confider the avoidance, that imme- diately preceded their own admifiion, yet none are fo fcrupulous, as to purfue the enquiry farther. With refped to his afiuming tlie liberty of alter- ing the college grace after meat, and adding a fpe- cial mention of the battle of Worcefier^ there was not the leall memory of any fuch incident in the col- lege in the year 1696, when the inquiry was made. And it is highly improbable, that a junior Fellow, and fo young a Bachelor of arts, could have pre- fumed to have done fuch a thing \ or that the Ma- fter and fenior Fellows would have fuffer'd it. Dr. Blythe, Mafter of the college, and Dr. Vincent, fenior Fellow, when Bifhop Burnet wrote his Re- fietlions on Dr. Hickes's difcourfes^ had been ad- ii:!itted of Clare-Hall foon after the date of that itory : but neither of them ever heard of any thing of tliat nature ; which is fcarce polTible, if the ftory had been true, confidering the genius of fuch fo- cieties, where the memory of incidents of that kind is not eafily loft. And it is further remarkable, that tiiere was not the leaft mention of it in the year 1660, when, as is ufual in the revolutions of pub- lic aff iirs, all fuch ftories wereinduftrioufly remem- ber'd and propagated, and made ufe of to fix the eharaclers of men. On the other hand, Mr. Til- lotson was, as long as Dr. Blythe and Dr. Vin- cent could remember him, the fame modeft and good-natur'd man, that he was known to be in a higher elevation. To this vindication of his beha- viour, while he was refident in the univerfity, may be added the fubitance of a letter from Mr. John Denton *• Le Neve, Lues of the Proreftant BifiiopSj ^-el. J. part 1. p. IZZ. * Rcfttiiions, p. 165. f ArchbiJJ:opofC^\-\iQxhuxy. ii Denton of Clare-Hall^ to one of liis friends'*, who had applied to him for that purpofe •, in which he remarks, that he had found cut two perfons, befides himfelf, who were in Clare- Hall t\\:it i'um- iner, in which IVorceJter •i]Qht happcn'd, viz. Sir Watkinson Payler, who was a nobleman, and Mr. James Mountaigne, who was Fellow of the college •, and that if there had been any fuch alteration made in the college grace, fome of them, who daily heard it read, would have known it : whereas all three of them profefs'd, that they never knew or heard of any fuch thing done, or attempted to be done, butbeliev*d it to be a malicious lie. Mr. Den- ton, who was in the college when King Charles I. pafsM by Cambridge^ had forgotten, whether Mr. Tillotson went to Sir John Cutts's houfe amongflfeveral others, who did •, but was pretty con- fident, that the ftory of his being denied the honour to ^ He was admitted Sizar and pupil to Mr. David Clark- • soN on the 4th of May, 1646, as appears from the regirtcr of the college. He was ejected by the ad of uniformity in 1662 from the living of OfnvaUkirk near tiebnjley in Yorkjlnre, and not from that of Bolton, as Dr. Calamy affirms in his account, p. 818, who has redified that miltake in his Continuation, p. 950, tho\ as it feems, without knowing, that it was a mi- ftaice, it being indeed Mr. Snath an, and not Mr. John Dento>', who was ejccled from Bolton upon Z)e«;«, or more properly Darucent. Mr. John Denton afterwards con- form'd, and being re-ordain'd by Dr. Thomas Barlow, Bi- Ihop of Lincoln, was collated to tlie living of Stcnegrai-c, within two miles of Oj^maUkirk, and a Prebend of the church of Tork^ both which he held till his death, on the 4th of January, 1708, in the 83d year of his age, as is evident from the infcription on his tombilone in the church of Stonegra'vc, in which living he was fucceeded by his fon Mr. Robert DE^T0N, who was educated at Catherine-Hall \n Cambridge, and died about 1748. Mr. John Denton having contrafted a moil intimate friend- fhip with Mr. Tillotson at Clare-Hall, they kept up a con- llant correfpondence during his Grace's life. '' Life of Archbifiiop Tillotson, p,6, 7. and Memoirs of the life and writings of Mr. Whjston, written by himfelf, fart 1. p. 27, 28, 29. 12 The Life of Dr. John TiLLQT SON, to kifs his Majffty's hand was not true, having ne- ver heard of any ilich thing ; which, if it had been fad, he fhoLiId certainly have done, if not from Mr. TiLLOTSON himfelf, yet from fome others, feveral of Mr. Denton's acquaintance being chere. "With refpedt to the charge of Mr. Tillotson's governing the college, and the fenior Fellows not daring to oppofe him, becaufe of the intereft, which he had with his great majiers ; Mr. Denton declares this to be very malicious and falfe ; for hs was far from being of an imperious humour, and was remarkable for that fweetnefs of temper, which he ever after retain*d, and was highly refpe6ted by the ienior Fellows, who indeed, out of regard to the uncommon underilanding and prudence confpi- cuous in him even in thofe early years, always confulted him about the affairs of the college. And Mr. Mountaigne, who was one of them, and had been" as ftrongly attach' d as any perfon to the in- tereft of King Charles I, having been feveral years in his army, always retain' d a very great ho- nour for Mr. TiLLOTsoN, and never mention'd him but in terms of high refpedt ^ and after the publication of Dr. FIickes's Some difc our fes^ wrote a letter to a friend in vindication of Mr. Tillotson from the imputations caft upon him in that libel, with regard to his conduct in Clare-Hall. This letter "= having never yet, to my knowledge, ap- pear'd in print, will be proper to be inferted at length. " Sir, " T Do very well remember King Charles the *' i Firft's being brought by Cambridge toHamp- " ton-Court, and his lodging at Sir John Cutts's houfe ; * Communicated to rac from the papers of Dr. Burnet, Bifhop of Salijbury, by his fon the honourable Sir Thomas Burnet, Kiit. one of his Majcfty's Juftices of the Common- pleas. Ar ebb iJJjop of Cm^zxhmy. 13 *' houfe ; but never heard of Tillotson's (to *' give him the name we then cali'd him by) either »' going thither, or being refus'd to kils the King's " hand. " I am thoroughly perliiaded lie was made Fel- " low by eledlion of the Mailer and Fellows, and " not by mandamus ; for having been in the King's " army five years, and returning to Chre-Hall in " 1647, I do not remember, that any mandamus " was fent to the college alter that time. '* I never heard, that the corner, where his ** chamber was, was called the Round-heads corner % " and he could not fill that corner with himfelf and " pupils ; for three or four Fellows befides himfelf " had their chambers there. " And what the pamphlet adds of his fending, " after King Charles II. was beaten at Worcefier^ " for the tables, in which the college grace was " written, and after the pafiage of thankfgiving for " their benefaftors adding with his own hand, and " of his own head, pr^efertim pro nupsrd z'i^orid " contra Carolum Stuartum, ^c. it is all of it " a moll: falfe and impudent lie, reflecting not only *' upon the perfon, whom he would fcandalife, bun " upon the whole college. " And of the fame nature is what the libeller " faith of his governing the college, and over-awing " the fenior Fellows by the interejl he had with his " great -majlers : and I am much concern'd (as the " reft of the fenior Fellows would have been, if " they v/erc living) to alTert the horrid falfity *' of it. I think i am the only furviving of the " then fenior Fellows •, and I can truly fay he was " as refpedtive and obliging to all the fenior Fellows, *' as poflibly could be, and was very much re- " fpeded by them. For my own part, I always " thought myfelf much obliged to him for his kind ^ refpeds 14 ^he Life ofDr, John Tillotson, " refpetfcs to me, both in the college, and fince I " left it. " As to his being chaplain to Prideaux, and " teaching of his fon, I know nothing of it. But " if we take it for granted, I know not how his " teaching the young man his grammar (hould " influence him into a rebellion, which happen*d " 20 or 30 years after. " And now, by what I have written, which I *< will maintain the truth of, you may fee what " little reafon the libeller had to fay, that all he " related was upon very good authority. I am, " SIR, " Your humble Servant, " James Mountaigne.** « Mr. Tillotson being appointed in the year 1 65 5, to keep the Philofophy Ac5t at the public commencement, performed it in a manner, which not only fatisfied the univcrfity, but even raifed their admiration of him. The next year, or in the beginning of 1657, he left his college, and went to London, being invited by Edmund Prideaux, Efq-, of Ford-Abbey in Levonjhire^ to inftruft his fon. This gentleman had been commiffioner of the Great- feal under the Long-parliament, and was then Attorney- general to Oliver Cromwell, the Prote<51:or. And Dr. HiCKES^ who omits no circumftance, that can even indirectly refledl upon Mr. Tillotson, adds, that his pupil was afterwards in the rebellion of the Z)z^/^^ 0/ Monmouth in 1685. But, not to repeat Mr. Mountaigne's remark, that the condudof the younger Mr. Prideaux, atfogreatadiftanceoftime, had no real connexion with his tutor's inftitution of him in the rudiments of learning ; nor to infift upon the impro- ^ Seme dijcourjts, />. 63, 4 j^rMrfiop of C^nitrhury. J5 impropriety of fucli a refledion from Dr. Hickes, whoic own brother, Mr. John Hickes, a Non- conformift minilU'r, was actually executed for that rebellion s, as Mrs. Alicia Lisle was for har- bouring him ; the charge upon that gentleman of being engvig'd in it was fo far from being well- grounded, that this alone will be fufiicicnt to invali- date the authority of that admir'd head of a party, in all points, in which the interells of it are the lead concern'd. For the cafe of Mr. Pride aux is one of the many inftances of the arbitrary temper of that government, which forced the nation into the revolution ; and the true circumftances of that cafe appear in the journal ot the Houfe of commons'*. He was feiz'd and brought to London on the 19th oijune, 16S5, by a warrant from theiEarl of Sun- derland, Secretary of State, dated the 1 3th, two days after the landing of the Duke of Monmouth at Lyme^ and the fame day, on which the account of it was brought to the court at PVhitehall^ with- out being admitted to an examination, which he defir'd. He continu'd in cuftody of a melTenger till the 14th of July following, when he was dif- charg*d by Habeas Corpus , giving fecurity of 1 0000/. for his appearance the firft day of the next term. Staying in London for that purpofe, he was on the 14th o^ September again feiz'd by a warrant of the Earl of Sunderland, and committed clofe prifoner to the Tower for high-trcafon. While he was in this fituation, a general inquiry was made by the agents of Lord Jeffreys, advanc'd to the poll of Lord High Chancellor on the 28th of that month, amongft all the prifoners and condemn'd perfons in the well, for an accufation againft him ; and threats and promifes of life were employed to that end, that Lord frequently declaring his refolution to hang him. * General Didlionary, article of Dr. Hickes, Vol. V'f. p. 156. ^ Vol. X. p, 1 1 2 — I ! 6. i6 l^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, him. The dread of this induc'd Mr. Prideaux to make application to the King by feveral perfons ; but receiving no other anfwer, than that his Majefty had given him to the Lord Chancellor, as a reward for his fervice in the weft, he at laft agreed with his Lordfhip for his pardon, after feven months rigor- ous confinement, upon the payment of 15,000/. l^hefe fafts being prov'd to the Houfe of Com- mons foon after the Revolution, a bill was order'd in on the firft of May 1689, to charge the manors of Dclby-in-the -Wolds i and Neat her- Brought on^ in Leicejlerftjire^ the eftate of that Lord, thendeceas'd, with the repayment of the 1 5,000 /. and intereft, extorted by him from Mr. Prideaux. While Mr. Tillotson refided in the elder Mr. Prideaux's family, he improv'd his intereft with that Gentleman to the benefit of his College, for which he obtain*d, by means of the Attorney Ge- neral, 1000/. out of the Exchequer, for wood and ftones, prepared for carrying on its building, but feiz'd and applied by the Parliament party, during the war, to the fortifying of the caftle at Cambridge. ' He prevailed likewife with Mr. Diggons, who had been Fellow-commoner o^ Clare-Hall^ and was difgufted by fome of his Relations, to leave to it an eftate of 300 /. a year. His fituation in hondon v/as likewife of advantage to himfelf, by the opportunities of hearing the beft fermon?, and forming and cultivating an acquaint- ance with perfons of the moft eminent merit, as Dr. Ralfh Browning, Bifliop of Exeter, and then preacher at the Temple^, and Dr. JoHtf Hacket, alterwards Bifliop of Litchfeld', and a- mong thofe of the Preftjytcrian perfuafion, . Dr. William Bates, Vicar of St. Dunjian^s in the IVejl ; of whofe learning and temper he had an efteem, • He had been fufFer'd to difch.iige that office about a year bciOre his death, which Jiappen'd Dtcembtt- 7, i65g. Archbifiop ^Canterbury. 1 7 cftcem, which was the ground of a friend fhip be- tween them, that continued during the reft of his life. His having performed the office of chaplain to the Attorney General, is a tad affirm'd not only by* Dr.HicKESjbuthkewifebyMr.HENRYWHARTON, Chaplain to Archbifhop Sang r oft, in his manu- fcript collections concerning the Engl:^ Archbifhops and Bifhops, repofited in the Hbrary at Lambeth ^ i though the Jatter is miftaken in giving Mr. Pri- DEA ux the title of Secretary to Cromwell. How long Mr. TiLLOTSON lived with Mr. Prideaux, or whether till that gentleman's deceafe on the 19th of /luguji, i%9 " » does not appear. He was in London at the time of the death of the Proted:or Oliver, on the 3d oi Septcnihsr, 1658, and about a week after was prefenr at a very re- markable fcene at the palace of Wbiteball. For happening to be there on a fafl--day of the houfliold, he went out of curiofity into the prefence chamber, where the folemnity was kept •, and faw there, on the one fide of the table, the new Protedor plac'd with the reft of his family, and on the other fix preachers, among whom were Dr. John Owen Dean of Chriji-Church in Oxford^ Dr. Thomas Goodwin Prefident of Magdalen College^ Mr. Jo- seph Caryl, author of the voluminous commen- tary on Job^ and Rector of St. Magnus in London^ and Mr. Peter Sterry. The bold falliesof en- thufiafm, which Mr. Tillotson heard upon this occafion, were fufficient to difguft a man lefs dif- pos'd to it than he was both by temper and princi- ples. God was in a manner reproach'd with the deceased Prote6lor*s fervices, and challeng'd for taking him away fo foon. Dr. Goodwin, who had pretended to afTure them in a prayer, a very few minutes before he expir*d, that he was not to die, had now the confidence to fay to God, " Thou C " haft ^ ?. 81, « Wood. Falli Oxon. ml I. col. i^z. l§ 'The Life of Dr. John Tillotson,' *' haft deceived us, and we were deceived.'* And Mr. Sterrv, praying for Richard, usM thefe in- decent words, next to blafpherny, " Make him " the brightnefs of the father's glory, and the ex- *' prefs image of his perfon**." The perfonal merit of Mr. TillotsOn, and that of his fervices to his college, had not weight enough after the Reftoration, to fecure him in the poffeflion of his Fcllowfl-iip, againft the pretenfions and re- fentment of Dr. Feter. Gunning, afterwards Bi- ihop of Ely % who having conceiv'd fome prejudice againft him, the ground of which Mr. Tillotson could fcarce imagine, prevailed upon the College 10 deprive him of it, though the latter had nor fuc- ceeded to it upon the Do6lor's ejedment, but fevc- ral years after, upon the legal vacancy of it, by the celfion of Mr. Clarkson •, and tho' the Dr. was to refign it immediately, knowing, that he fhould be chofcn the very next day Matter of Bennet Col- lege^ upon the death of Dr. Richard Love, Dean of Ely, in the beginning of February, 166?. The exadt time of his Ordination by Dr. Tho- mas Sydserfe, Bifnop o^Calway in Sect land", docs not * Burnet's Hiftory of his own tiine, -vol I. p. 82, ^i. ■ He was the only Scots Bifiiop living at the Rclloration ; upon wliich event he came up to Londan, not doubling, but that he Ihould be advanced to the Primacy of Scotlnjtd, tlio' he failed of his expedations j having given offence to the Englijh Bifliops by his piomifcuous Ordinations, when he firft came to Evgland. For V/hen the Act of Uniformity required all men, who held any bene- fices there, to beepifcopally ordained; he, whobyobfcrvjngthe il! cffeds of the former violence of the Scots Bifliops, was become very moderate, with others of the Scots Clerg}-, who gather*il about him, ordain'd all thofe of the Englijh Clergy, who came to him, without dcm.anding cither oaths or fubfcriplions of them. This was fuppos'd by fome to be done by him merely for a fub- fiHance from the fees for tlie letters of orders granted by him, for he was poor. However he was tranflated to the Bifhoprick of Orhiey, one of the beft revenues of any of the Sees in Scot' Jatici, in whicli he lived little more than a year. This is the ac- count of him in BiHiop Buinet. Vol. II. p. 132, 133. who in another place, p. 26. lliles liini « 'very Uamed and good maa. 'ArcbbiJJjop ^'Canterbury. jp ni3t appear, though it was probably in the latter end of 1 66a, or beginning of i66x ; in July of which lall year he atcendcu tlie Comminioners on the pare of" tiie Presbyterians, at the Conference at the Savoy. for the review of the Liturgy, as an Auditor only ^ And if Mr. Edmund Calamy, one of the prin- cipal of thole Commidioners, had accepted ot the Bifhopric of Lilchjieldy which was ofter'd him, a Canonry of that Church was intended for Mr. TiLLOTsoN. But though the alterations, which he might have wiflied for, in the public fcrvice of the Church, were not carried in that Conference, he immediately fubmitted to the Acl of Uniformity, which commenc'd on Si. Bartbclomeiv's Day^ i66i. The firll Sermon preach'd by him was for his Friend Mr. Denton, at Ofiaaldkirk in Torkjhire i ■and the firll, which appear'd in print, was that for Dr. Bates, compos'd upon fhort warning, and preach'd at the Morning exercife at CripplegaU on Matth. vii. 12. The fubjeft was, li^'herein lies that txa5l ri^hieouftiffiy isjhicb is reauired between man and wan. it is the tenth of thofe publifli'd by Dr. Sa- muel Annesley at LcndoKy in ^to. that year, under the title of, The morning exercife at Cripplegate : or fever al cafes af confcience practically rcfolved by fundry miniflers, September 1661. The names of the feveral preachers were not mention'd in that edition ; but iu the fubfequent ones, particularly the fourth in 1677, that of Mr. Tillotson appears among the red. This fermon, was never reprinted with his other writings, tho' it had been more than once publifh'd feparateiy, till it was defervedly prefix'd to the edi- tion of his works in 1732, as a difcourfe full of good fenfe, though inferior to his later performan- ces in elegance of ilyle, and exacllnefs of compo- fi tion, C 2 Upon [ Reliquiae Baxteriana:, Part 11. p. 337. 20 l/je Ltfe of Dr. ]ou^ TiLLOTsoNj Upon his dedicating himfelf to the fervice of tht church, being lenfible of the importance of a plain and edifying manner of preachings he was very ht- tle difpos'd to follow the patterns then fet him, of indeed thofe of former times. He form*d therefore ©ne to himfelf, which has been juftly confider'd, as the bcft model for ail fucceeding ages ^. The great improvements, which he made in this important branch of public inftrudion, whereby Chriftianity has made a provifion for the fpreading the principles of morality and religion, which had been omitted by the Pagan legiflators^ and very in- fufficiently attempted by the philofophers of anti- quity, will appear to thofe, who confider the ftate cf the pulpit at the time, when he enter^'d upon the funiflion of a preacher. The whole form of the dif- courfes there was opprefs'd with an unneceiFary mix- ture of various languages, affeded wit, and puerile rhe- toric •, and the general fenfe of the text was totally iiegleded, while every fmgle word of it was fepa- rately confidered under all its poflible meanings. The hiftory of preaching in our own country and language, which cannot indeed be trac'd much liigher than the reformation, would fliew, that from the beginning of the feventeenth century, as falfe a tafte had infefled the pulpit, as had prevail'd after ihe corruption of the E-cmayt eloquence, from the time of Seneca till the lower empire-, and the gra- vity and fimplicity of ftyle, which diftinguifhed the writers of the preceding age, were almoft intire- ly loft till after the reftoration, when our author brought back both purity of language and force of reafoning. The reign of Henry VIII. pro- duc'd two very learned Divines, Dr. Fisher, Bi- Ihop of Rochefier, and Dr. Colet, Dean of St, Paul's > the former of whom has a few fermons, 2 and s Funeral ftrmon, /. 12, 23, ArchhiJJ:op of Canterbury. 2 1 and the latter one'', Itill cxcanr, not contemptible for their llyle or argument. I'hofe oi Dr. Lati- mer, Bilhop of JVorcefic-i\ arc defedive in dignity and elegance, his frank rcmonftrances to perlbns of the higheit rank being deliver'd in expreflions of peculiar levity, and incermix'd with frequent ilorics unfuitable to the folcmnity of the place anfi occa- fion. The homilies drawn up under King Edward VI. are to be confider'd as a condefcenfion to th? capacities of the common people. In the long reign of his fifter Elizabeth, appear'd ieveral preachers, who did honour to ir. Jewel, Bifhop of Salijhury, Whit gift, Archbilhop of Cnniir- hury^ Sandys, Archbifliop o^ Tork, whofe fermons are perhaps fuperior to any of his contemporaries, and Hooker, author of the Ecckfiajlical Polity. But the great corruption of the oratory of the pul- pit may be afcrib'd to Dr. Andrews, fuccefiively Bifliop of Chichejler^ Ely, and JVincheJier, whofe high reputation on other accounts gave a fanflionto that vicious tafte introduc'd by him feveral years birtore the death of Queen Elizabeth, one of his printed fermons being preach'd as early as 1588. The pedantry of King James Ps court completed the degeneracy of all true eloquence, fo that the moft applauded preachers of that time are now infup- portable ; and all the wit and learning of Dr. Donne cannot fscure his fermons from univerfal negled ; and thofe of Ha les of Eton are fcarce ever read by the moft zealous admirers of his other writings. Bifliop Hall of Exeter, like many other great men of that age, in this kind of compofition finks ex- tremely below his own performances in all others, wherein he fliews himfelf no ill copyer of Sene- ca's fententious manner. Dr. Sanderson, after- wards Bifliop of Lincoln, in the beginning of ihq C 3 reiga •> The Englifl^ Trannation of his fermon before the Convoca- tion fn 1 5 n , is fuppos'd to hav? been done by himfelf. 2 2 'The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, reign of Charles I. furnifh'd examples of a more cafy and natural expreflion, and a greater connexion and propriety of argument, than the nation had for many years been iis'd to -, and the few difcourfes re- maining of Chillingworth are not unworthy of his character. But the volume of Dr. Jeremy Taylor, who began to difbinguifh himfelf abouc the time of that King's death, deferves much higher commendation for the copioufnefs of his invention, and the extent and beauty of his imagination, on v/hich accounts he may be confider'd as the Barrow of an earlier date. But whoever is defirous of a compendious view of the various manners of preach- ing in that time, may confult a very ingenious imi- tation of them by Mr. Abraham Wright, Fel- low of St. John^s College in Oxford^ and afterwards Y'lc^r Oi Okebiim m RutlandJ/jh^e, who ini637pub- lifh'd Five fermons in Jive fever al Jiyles or 'ways of f reaching ; the firft in that of Bifliop Andrews ; the fecond in that of Bifbop Hall ; the third in that of Dr. Jasper Mayne and Mr. Thg.vias Cart- wright, two poets and dramatic writers, as well as preachers ; the fourth in that of the Frejhyteriansy and the fifth in that of the Independents. Mr. Tillotson began his courfe of divinity with the true foundation of it, an exafl fludy of the Scfiptures, upon which he fpent four or five years. He then applied himfelf to the reading of all the andent philofophers and writers upon Ethics, and, among the fathers, chiefly St. Basil and St. Chrvsostom. With thcfe preparations he fet himfelf to compofe the greateft variety of fermons, and on the beft fubjefls, that perhaps ever any one man has yet done. His joining with Dr. Wilkins in perfecting the fcheme of a real chara^ler and fhilofophical language^ the effay towards which was publifh'd in 1668, led him to confider exactly the truth of language and ftyle, in which no man was 2 happier. 'Archhifiop of Canterbury. 2 5 happier, or knew better the art of uniting dignity with fimplicity, and tempering thefe io equally to- gether, that neither Iiis thoughts funk, nor Aylt; fwcll'd i keeping always a due moan between fiat- nefs and falfe rhetotic. Togctiier with the pomp of words he cut off Hkewifc all luperfiuitics and needlefs enlargements. He faid what was juft necelTary to give clear ideas of things, and no more. He laiti afide all long and affcfted periods. His fentcnces were fliort and clear ; and the whole thread was of a piece, plain and diHincl. No affectations of learn- ing, no torturing of texts, no fuperficial ftrains, no falfe thoughts, nor bold flights. All was foliti and yet lively, and grave as well as elegant ; fo that few ever heard him, but they found fome new thought occiirr'd ; fomething, which either they had not confidered before, or at leaft not fodiftindl- ly, and with fo clear a view as he gave them. Whe- ther he explain'd points of divinity, matters of con- troverfy, or the rules of morality, on which he dwelt moft copiouQy, there was fomething peculiar in him on all thefe topics, which conquer*d the mind, as well as commanded the attention of his hearers, who felt all the while, that they were learn- ing fomewhat, and were never tired by him ; for he retrenched both the luxuriances of ftyle, and the length of fcrmons ; and he concluded them with fome thoughts of fuch gravity and ufe, that he ge- nerally difmifs'd his hearers with fuch refledions, as made a lading imprefiion upon them. He read hjs fermons likewife with fo due a pronunciation, and in fo ferious and folemn a manner, that they were not the feebler, but rather the perfc<5ter, even by that way, which often leffens the grace, as much as it adds to the exadnefs of fuch difcourfes '. for he v/as never capable of committing his fermons to memory, or preaching extempore, according to tiae C 4 cuftom \ Funeral fermon by Biftop Eoiret, /». r 3, H« 24 The Life of Dr. John TillotsoNj cuflom of the earlier part of his time, though fo great a m after of language, as well as the whole compafs of theological learning. This appeared irom an incident, which 1 fhall relate upon good au- thority. Happening to be with a friend in the country, who was in^portunate with him to preach, though he was not furnifh'd with a fermon, he ven- tur'd into the pulpit, where he took for his text, one of the plaineft and fulleft of matter which he could recoiled. For we mvjl all appear before the judgmentfeat of Chrifi ; upon which he has no lefs than five difcourfes in his works : And yet he foon found himfelf fo much at a lofs, that after about ten minutes fpent with great pain to himfelf, and no great fatisfa. 7. " KtNNEr's Regilter and Chronicle, p. 65S. ". Dr. Walter Pop t's Life ol Bifhop Ward, /. 52. Edit. Lond. x6fj7. " L'S^, p 7, 8. Archbifiop cj C^iViltihuxy. 25 Dr. Thomas Hacket, the Vicar, who had been before Dean of Ccrk in Ireland^ and was in Aiigtiji 166?., collated to the Reftory of St. Cbrijiopbsr's m LondoUy in the room of Dr. John Pearson, after- wards Bifliop of Cbejhr, which Redlory he refiga'd m Auguji 1663, as he did CheJljuntmOvloler ibji^ upon being made Bifhop ot Down and Connor ° , Here Mr. Tillotson is faid by his mild and gen- tle behaviour, and perfuafive eloquence, to have pre- vail'd with an old Oliverian foldier, who preach'd among the Anabaptijls in that town in a red coat, and was much follow'd, to defift from that, and betake himfelf tofome other employment p. The fhort diftance of CheJJjunt from London al- lowing him frequent opportunities of vifiting his friends in that city, he was often invited into the pulpits there. Accordingly we find, that his fer- mon on Ecclef. xii. i . On the advantages of early piety^ was preach'd at 6"/. Laurence Jewry m 1662 ; on the 1 6th ot December o'i wmch year he was elected Minifler of the adjoining parifli of St. Mary Alder- manbury, by the parifli ioners, in whom the right of choice is invefled, upon the deprivation of Mr. Ed- mund Calamy, by the ad: of uniformity*^. But Mr. Tillotson declin'd the acceptance of that living j which oblig'd them to proceed to a new choice of Mr. Richard Martin, on the 28th of January i66|. But he did not continue long without die offer of another benefice, which he accepted, being prefented in June, 1 66^, to the Redlory of Ketton or Kedding- ton^ in the County of Suffolk, worth 200 /. a year, vacated by the ejedion of Mr. Samuel Fair- CLOUGH for Nonconformity, who had the fatisfac^v tion of being fucceeded by a perfon of fuch eminent abilities, candour, and moderation ' . However, *> Newcourt Repertorium, wcl. I. p. 32J. P Life/. 7,8. 9 KENNET'sRegilleraiid Cluoniclc;/. S43. ^ 'Lt NtvE, p, 223. 26 T/je Life of Dr. John Tillotson", However, his refidence there was but fhorr, be- ing called to London by the fociety of Lincoln' s-Jmi^ to be their preacher \ and the choice of him is iVid to have taken its rife from the following incident. Mr. Atkyns, one of the Benchers of thac Inn, and afterwards Lord Chief-Baron of the Exchequer, be- ing prefent at the Tuefday leflure at 6"/. Laurence Jeivry^ on a day when Mr. Tillotson happened to fupply the place of the ftated lefturer, was fo pleas'd with his fermon, that he went to him in the vcflry, and offer'd him his intereft for the place of preaclier of Linc^h^s-Inn, which would be foon va- cant. Mr. TiLLOTSON was accordingly elcdled to that office on the 26th of November 1663, upon the terms allowed his predeceflbr, of one hundred pounds payable at the end of every term, by equal portions ; the firft payment to begin at the end of the next term -, and twenty-four pounds more for vacation commons ; v/ith commons for himfelf and his fer- vant in term-time, and a chamber. And five of the Mailers of the Bench were appointed to acquaint him with his eleftion, and to inform him of the duty expcfied from him, that he fhould preach twice every Lord's day in term-tim^, and next before and after term, and in reading time, and in every Lord's day in the vacation, and as other occafions fliould require \ and adminifter the facrament of the Lord's fupper, together with the chaplain of the houfe, every term and vacation ; and refide conftantly in the fociety, vv^ithout abfenting himfelf thence, with- out the leave of the Mafters of the Bench in coun- ciP. His predecefTors in this poll had been generally men of the greateft eminence for learning •, and a- mong thele were Mr. Thomas Gataker, after- wards 7^1- Mr. Samuel Clarke's lives of eminent men, p. 175. and Dv. Calamy's account, p. 63 J?. ' From the books of" the fociety of Vmcohi'i-lnn^ ArchhiJJ.op ^Canterbury. '27 >!7ards Redlor of St. Mary Rotheritb in Southivark ; Dr. John Donne, Dean of St. Paul's^ whofe Pfeudo-vtartyry the moft valuable of his profe- writ- ings, contains an unanfwerable confutation of the Papal fupremacy, and whofe poetical works lliew a prodigious fund of genius under the difguile of an affefted and obfcure ftyle and a moll inharino- nious verfification •, and ArchbifhopUsHER, whopcr- torm'd the office of preacher from 1647 tillwithina fhort time of his death, in March i Sc^l. But of Mr. Tillotson's immediate predecefTor, Mr. Thomas Greenfield, educated in Pembroke College in Ox- ford., where he took the degree of mafber of arts oa the 4th of December 1641 ', I find nothing extant, except a fermon preach'd before the Houfe of Com- mons on fVednefday, June nth., 1661, appointed for a folemn humiliation upon the lace abundance of rain, and the danger of famine and peftilence likely to enfue thereby •, in which fermon he loudly com- plains of the negleft of the loyal -party, as the fin, which had peculiarly brought down that judgment upon the nation -, fince there were, in his language, jirange and mcnjlrous couples then marchmg together in England, loyalty and rags., loyally and lice., loyalty and hunger^ loyalty and a -prifon. But this whole dif- courfe is written lb much in the bad tafle of the pre- ceding times, that the fociety oi Lincoln^ s-hn were confiderable erainers in the exchange of Mr. Green- riELD for Mr. Tillotson. The invitation to that fociety was fo agreeable to Mr. Tillotson, that he determin'd to iettle him- felf intirely among them : and tho' in the intervals of the terms he could have given a large part of the year to his pariih in Suffolk •, yet foftrift was he to the paitoral care in point of refidence, that he re- fign'd that living, even when his income in London could fcarce fupport him ". He was the more dif- pos'd * Wood. F:;.'ti Oxon. I'cl. 11. col. 2. " Funeral fermon./. 19. 23 The Life of Dr. John'Tillotson, jjos'd to tills from the ftrong prejudices of the peo- ple there in favour of a religious fyftem, too preva- lent in that age, but diredly oppoHte to that more rational one of real and genuine Chriftianity, upon which he had form'd all his difcourfes to them : and foon difcovering how little his preaching was relifli'd there, he communicated to his patron his intention of quitting them upon that account. Sir Thomas Barnardiston with great civility endeavour'd to perfuade him, that he was miftaken in his fufpici- ons •, but his Lady, more fincere, being defir'd to fpeak her mind, acknowledg'd, that neither herfelf, nor even Sir Thomas, however he might affedt to difguife his fentiments, were at all of a different opi- nion from the reft of the parifh, who univerfally complain'd, that Jefu£ Chrift had not been preach'd amongll them, fince Mr. Tillotson had been fet- tled in the parifh. To this incident, which is very well attefted, he feems clearly to allude in his fermon againji evil fpsaking^ preach'd near thirty years af- ter, towards the clofe of which he has this paiTage : *' I forefee what will be faid, becaufe 1 have heard it *■'• fo often faid in the like cafe, that there is ?tot ons *' "iiwrd of Jefus Chrift in all this. No more is there ** in the text, [Titus iii. 2.] and yet I hope, that " Jefus Chrift is truly preach'd, whenever his cc;/'//, " and lazus, and the duties enjoyn'd by the Chriftian *' religion, are inculcated upon us." And he was very early lenfible of the dilVelilli in many perfonsof difcourfes of that kind -, fince at the clofe of his fer- mon at Crippkgate^ he caution'd his Audience not to rejed: or defpife his exhortation to the practice of juftice, under the contemptuous name of morality ; becaufe our Saviour tells us, that this is a chief part of that, which hath ever been accounted religion in the world \ and he hath, by enjoining it, adopted it into Chrlftianity, and made it Gofpel •, and they, who would have a religion without moral righteoui- nefs* Archhijhop of Canterbu ry ." 2 gi rcfs, talk indifcreetly, and are farther from the kingdom of God than a mere moral man. I'he reputation, which his preaching gain'd him in fo conlpicuous a Ration as that of hrncohi s-hm^ recommended him the year following to the truftees of the Tuefday kfture at St. La'ujrence Jcxry^ found- ed by Elizabeth Vifcountefs Camdew And there he was commonly attended by a numerous audience, brought together from the remotcft parts of the me- trcpohs, and by a great concourfc of the clergy, who came thither to form their minds". Soon after his fettlement at Lincoln s-hn., his frlendlihip with Dr. Wilkin's was improved into an alliance, by the marriage of Mrs. Elizabeth French, Daughter-in-law of the Do6lor, and Daughter of Peter French, D. D." Canon of Chrijl-Church in Oxford^ by Robina, Sifter to Oliver Cromw^ell, remarried about the year 1656, to Dr. WiLKiNs, then Warden of ^/^ f arti Oxon. fol. II. fol. 94.] and on the 1 5:h of December 1653, was created Doiflor of Divinity at Oxford, by Diploma. He died funs 17, I & J 5. ^ From tlie Regiite: of ^/. Leuren:4 30 i'he Life of Dr, John Tillotsok, the 15th of that month was defired by them to print his fcimon ; tor which purpofe it had the Imphma* ^?/rof Dr. John Hall, Chaplain to Dr. Humphry Henchman, Bifhop of London, on the 13th of May 1664, as containing *' many things highly *' iileful tor fupporcing the main foundation ot re- " ligion, and confuting the prodigious vanity of *' the atheiftsof that age." Plurima, qtia adpr^- crpumn religwms fufidamentwn tutandum, ^ ad pro-^ digiofam atheorum hujus Jeculi vanitatem redarguen" dam egregie funt accommodata. It was accordingly pub- iifli'd in 1664, in 4to, under the title of, 'The wif- dom of being religious, with a dedication to the Lord Mayor, Sir Anthony Bateman, and the Court of Aldermen -, which not being reprinted in our au- thor's works, will be proper to be inferted here. *' In obedience, fays he, to your order, I here pre- ** fent you with a fermon, which you formerly *' heard. I know not how acceptable difcourfes of " this nature may be : I am fure they are very *' feafonable in this degenerate age, in which athe^ " ifm and prcphanenefs are grown fo impudent, and, " notwithrtanding the reftraints of fhame and laws, *' do appear with lo bold a face in the world. ** When men arrive to that degree ot confidence, "as to tell the world, that ^ the notion of a fpirit " implies a contradiftion : that fear and fancy are *' the parents of a deity, and ignorance and melan- " choly the true caufes of devotion ; and that religion " is nothing elle " but the fear of invifihle power " fs^g^^sd by the mind, or imagined from inks puh- .*' lickly allowed : When it fhall be accounted brave ** to defy God •» and every dabbler in natural philo- " fophy, or mathematics, or politics, fliall fet up •' for an atheift : fure then it is high time to refiit ** this growing evil. To this purpofe I have en- '* largcd that pait of the difccurfe, which is more immedi- * Leviathan, /'art III. c. 34, * Part I. c. 6. 'ArchhiJJjop of Ciintcrburyl 5 r *' immediately ievellM againft atheifm, beyond ** what the limits of the time would allo^v me in *^ the preaching of it -, and in hope, that it may do *' fome fcrvicc to that end, it is now humbly of ** fer*d to you.'* This fermcn in the original edi- tion contains no lefs than fixty-tour pages in 4to, and it was afterwards inlarg'd and improv'd by the author in the manner, in which it now appears in tlic front of his works, and is, tor the fize ot ir, one of the moll elegant, perfpicuous, and convincing de- fences of religion in our own or any other lan- guage. I ie faw now with deep regret the fatal corruption of that age, in which the hypocrifies and extrava- gances of the times preceding the Reftoration, con- curring with the liberties and loofenefs of morals immediately following ir, dilpofcd many perfons to impiety and atheifm. I'his awaken'd his attention and zeal •, and having confider'd all the antient and •modern apologies for the Chriff ian religion, with an exa(5lnefs, that became the importance of the fub- jetSl, he fct the whole ftrength of his thoughts and ■iludies to withftand the progrefs, which irreligion was making. In order to that he laboured particu- larly to deduce every thing from the cleareft princi- ples, and to make all people ^ct\ the reafonablenefs of the truths, as well as of the precepts of the Chri- ftian religion. When he faw, that popery was at the root of the grovving contempt o\. religion, arid that the dcdgn leem'd to be laid, to make men firft Atheifis^ that they might be the more ealily made Papijis^ and that many did not ftick to own, that no certainty could be had of the Chriftian faith, un- lefs upon the bafis of the infallibility of the church ; this gave him a deep and juft indignation. It was fuch a betraying of the caufe of God, rather than not to gain their own, that in this the foundation was laid of his great 2eal againft Popery. I'his drew his 32 l^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, his (Indies for fome years much that way. He looked on the whole fyftem of Popery, as fuch a corrup- tion of the intire defign of Chriftianity, that he thought it was incumbent on him to fet himfeif againll it with the zeal and courage, fuitable to that caufe, and neceflary for thofe times. He thought, that the idolatry and fuperftition of the church of Rome enervated true piety and morality ; and that its cruelty was fuch a contradi6tion to the meeknefs of Chrill, and to that love and charity, which our Lord made the chara6ter and diftindlion of his difciples and followers, that he refolv'd to fa- crifice every thing, except a good confcience, in a caufe, for which he had determin'd, if it fliould come to extremities, to become a facrifice him- feif a. His enemies foonTaw how much he ftood in their •way, and were not wanting in the arts of calumny to difable him from oppofing them with that emi- nent fuccefs, which his writings and fermons had on the nation. His life was too pure in all the parts of it, to give them a pretence to attack him in that refpe<5l. So regular a piety, fuch an unblemifh'd probity, and fo extenfive and tender a charity, to- gether with his great and conftant labours both in private and public, rais'd him above reproach. And he was too generally known and efteem'd, for his enemies to venture upon the common arts of defaming-, lb that fubtiler methods were to beufed, iincc his virtue was too exemplary to be blemifh'd , in the ordinary way. His endeavouring to make out every thing in religion from clear and plain prin- ciples, and with the fulnefs of demonftrative proof, ■was laid hold on to make him pafs for one, who could believe nothing, that lay beyond the compafs of human reafon. And his tender method of treat- ing with Diflenters, and his endeavours to unite all Pro- a Funeral fermon, p. 15, 16. ArchaiJljQp c/* Canterbury. 33 Proteftants amongil them lei ves, were reprefented as a want ot zeal in the caule of the church, and an inclination towards thole, who departed trom it. But how unhappily kiccel'sful foever they might be in infufing thefe jealoufies ot him into fome warm and unwary men, he ftill perlevcr'd in his own way. He would neither depart from his moderation, nor take pains to cover himfelf trom To falle an imputa- tion. He thought the opennefs of his temper, the courfe of his life, his fincerity, and the vifible ef- fects of his labours, which had contributed fo much to turn the greateft part of the city to a hearty love of the church, and a firm adherence to the commu- nion of it ", in which no man was ever more emi- nently diftinguifiied than he was ; he thought, that conftant zeal, with which he had always ferved fuch as came to labour in the city, and by which he had been fo fingularly ufeful to them j he thought the great change, that had been made in bringing mens minds off from many wild opinions to fober and fteady ^ His fuccefs, and that of fome of his friends in thJs refpeft, are confefsM by that ligid Independanc and Calvinift Lewis du Moulin, M. D. Camdenian Profcllbr of HiHory at Oxford by the appointment of the Parliament till the Reftoration, who retraced in the preicnce of Dr. Burnet the virulence of his writings againll the church of England kx. his death Odoher zo, 16S3. at the age of 77. He obferves in his laft trad, intided, An appeal 0/ all the Noaconformijts in England to God a»d all the Protejiants, in order to mam/tji their fincerity in point of cb$- 'tiitnce to Govt and the Kin^, printed at London i68r, in 4to, that *' fevcral Bifhops and Dodors of the church of £/ijf/« College, who had defign'd to anfwer Mr. Sarjeant's Sure footing. To this charge Bifhop Burnet an- fwers^ that though it is certain, that no perfon could converfe with Dr. Cradock on any fubje(5l, but he might learn much from him, yet " I do " not, fays he, believe he ever intended to anfwer ** Sarjeant, or any other book whatfoevcr. I *' am * Id. ihld. «/. '653. f Some difcourfe?, f. 46. * R»flccUons. f. 92, 03. Archhifl:op of Canterbury. 37 " am furc it is noc very like him. Our Primate- *' had a Hock of his own, and needed to borrow «« from no body.*' His Jove of learning, and zeal for the promo- tion of the lludy of the Scriptures, made him one of the earliell; encouragers of that ufcful and ela- borate work, the Syjiopfis criticcrum aliorumque S. Scriptur^e interpretum^ undertaken and executed by Mr. Matthew Pool. The author had hrlt given the world a fpecimen of his defign, with a recommen- dation of it by many of the greateft names in the church at that time, and among them that of Dr. TiLLOTSON, who had taken that degree in divinity in 1666} and he, together with Dr. Patrick, Dr. Stillincfleet, and fome others, had the trull and management of the monies fubfcrib'd for the publication of the Synopfis ^. His Majefty hav- ing granted a patent to Mr. Pool on the 4th of OSioher 1667. for the privilege of printing his work, the two firft volumes were publilhed ac London in folio, in 1669, and three more after- wards. This learned man, whofe abilities and piety intitled him to the great fliare, which he had in Dr. Tillotson's friendfhip, was born in Torky and fon of Francis Pool, Efqj and defcended ot an antient family of that name at Sprinkhill in Der- hyjioire. His education was in Emanuel College in Cambridge^ under Dr. John Worthington, where he took the degree of Mailer of arts *, in which he was incorporated at Oxford in June 1657''. He was at the head of a fcheme, form'd and completed by him, for maintaining young men ot eminent parts at the univerfity of Cambridge^ for the lludy of Divinity, having by his folicitations in a fliort time rais'd 900 /. a year fior that purpofe \ and to D 3 tills *■ Vide Prxfrit. Synopf criticor. /. i;/, r//. • Dr. C A I, AM y's Account, p 14.- ^ " Wood. Falli Oxon. i';/, // oA. 118, 38 I'he Life of Dr, John TiLLOTsdN, this fcheme, which funk at the reftoration, the world is faid in fome meafure to owe Dr. Sher- lock, afterwards Dean of 6"/. Paufs. Mr. Pool loft his Rcdlory of St. Michael k 9^icrn in London by the ad of uniformity in 1662 ; and retiring at laft to Holland for the free exercife of his rehgion, di^d zx. Amjierdam in 05iohcr 1679'. Befides his Synopfis^ which was the prndu6t of ten years inde- fatigable indiiftry, he publifh*d Englifo aymotatiGm on the holy fcriptures^ in which he proceeded no farther than the 58th chapter of Ifaiah., being pre- vented by death -, and feveral other books both in praftical and controverfial divinity. The high reputation of Dr. John Wilkins, and the intereft of Villiers Duke of Buckingham., hav- ing at laft, notwithflanding the oppofitionof Arch- bilhop Sheldon, and other great men of the church, inducM the King to advance him to a Bi- Ihopric, Dr. Tillotson was defir'd to preach the fermon on Sunday the 15th of No"je7nber 1668, in the chapel in Ely houfe, at his conlecration to the Bifhopric of Chejler^ vacant by the death of Dr. George Hall, on the 23d ai Augufi preceding, of a wound received by a knife in his pocket, in a fall from the mount in his garden "" at the redory houfe at JVigan. The natural modefty of Dr. Tillotson, and his averfenefs to folicitation for himfelf, did not prevent his merit from having juftice done it by the intereft, which it gain'd him even at court, as well as in the city. For upon the promotion of Dr. Peter Gun- ning to the Bifhopric of Cbichefter mFebruary 1 66-5-I, in the room of Dr. Henry King, he was preferr*d by the King to the Prebend of the fecond ftall in the cathedral of Canterhmy^ which had been held by the ' ^- ^ALAMY, uhi/upra. ■> MS. Diary of public affairs in the poffefTion of the right honourable "I'homas Lor4 Viicount Weymouth. j^rMifiop of Cantevhury, 39 the new Bi(hop ; and was admitted to it on the 14th of March. He kept this Prebend till he was ad- vanc'd to tlie Deanry of that church in Oofoher 1672, in the room of Dr. Thomas Turner, who died on the 8th of that month, at a very advanc'd age, having been domeftic Chaplain to Archbifhop Laud, and to King Charles I. by the latter of whom he was made Canon-refidentiary of St. Paul*Sf and Dean of Rochejier in February 164^, which he exchanged the year following for that of Canter- bury. Dr. TiLLOTsoN was fucceeded in his Pre- bend of Canterbwy by Dr. Samuel Parker, af- terwards Bifliop of Oxford, and then domeftic Cha- plain to Archbifliop Sheldon, by whom he was col- lated to it. Nor was Canterbury the only cathedral, in which Dr. TiLLOTSON was preferr'd •, for on the i8th of December i6y^, he was prefented to the Prebend of Ealdland in that of St. Paurs, London, which he refign'd for that of Oxgate, and a Refidentiaryfhip in the fame church on the 14th of February 1677-8. This laft preferment was obtained for him by the intereft of his friend Dr. John Sharp, afterwards Archbifhop of J"(?r/^, withHENEAGE Lord Finch, Lord High-Chancellor", to whom Dr. Sharp had been domeftic Chaplain above ten years before, having liv'd with that nobleman while he was only Attorney-General, his Lordftiip, after he was pof- feiVd of the Great-Seal, devolving on him the pro- vince of enquiring into the charaftcrs of thofe Di- vines, who were candidates for preferment ». The friendfhip between the Dean and Dr. Sharp was occafioned by an accidental meeting upon this occa- D 4 fion : • Letter to me from the Rev. and learned Dr.TnoMs Sharp Archdeacon of Northumberland, ion of Archbiihop Sharp, and godfon of Archbilliop Tillotson, dated November j, 1751. ° Life of George Bull Bifhop of St. Da- vid's: by Robert Nelson, Efq; /. 278, 279. arf f, /!-«i- doHy 17 1 4. 40 TZy Life of Dr. John Tillotson, fjon : Mr. Joshua Tillotson, the Dean's brother, was a wet and dry-falter, or oilman in London^ of •which trade was the Doftor's father, Mr. Thomas Shapp, at Bradford m Torkjbire. The Doctor re- turning from thence into Sir Hen e age Finch's family, with a bill drawn on Mr. Joshua Tillot- son, happened to meet at his houfe Dr. Tillotson, who finding Mr. Sharp to be his countryman, and a young clergyman fetting out into the world, be- ing above fourteen years younger than himfelf, with his ufual goodnefs and civility took, particular no- tice of him, and after fome converfation gave Mr. Sharp leave to come freely to his houfe, whenever he pleas'd, and to have recourfe to him as often as he thought it might be fervicable to him. Mr. Sharp judg'd this a mod fortunate interview, and himfelf extremely happy in fo valuable an acquaint- ance, and €ver after fpoke with pleafure of this in- cident. And this was the foundation of a firm and li^fting friendlhip between them, improv'd by an intimate acquaintance for many years, and cemented by repeated afls of mutual good offices p. The Dean of Canterbmy bad now been fome years Chaplain to King Charles II. tho' his Majefty had DO kindnefs for him, according to the fuggeftion of Bifhop Burnet '', admitted by Dr. Hickes \ But to whomfoever he owed his preferments, which can only be confider'd as the juft rewards of his extraor- dinary merits, they had no other €fFe(5b upon him, than to enlarge his capacity of doing good. He neither flackened his labours, nor advanced his for- tunes by them. He did not content himfelf with fuch a refidence, as anfwcred the ftatute, confider- ing his obligations to attend the court ; but gave as much of his time and labours to his cathedral, as could agree with his other obligations '. His • I.et' Dr. John Pearson. * Dr. Cal amy's Abridgment, ^34.3. Archhifiop o/' Canterbury. 4^ ITe publiAi'd it in 1675 in 8vo, with an excellent: preface concerning the ciefign of it : the firll branch of which is the ellabhlhing the great principles of rehgion, i\\t bdng of a God y and z future Jiaie^ by (hewing how firm and folid a foundation they have in the nature and rcafon of mankind ; a work nevermore necclTary, than in that degenerate age, fo mifcrably overrun with fcepticifm and infidelity. The next point in view was to convince men of the natural and in- difpenfable obligation of moral duties, comprehended by our Saviour under the two general heads of love cf God and our neigbhur. For all the great duties of piety and Jujiice are written upon our hearts, and every man teels a fecret obligation to them in his own confcience, which checks and reftrains him from afting contrary to them, and gives him peace and fatisfadion in the difcharge of his duty ; or, in cafe he ofi^end againft it, fills him with guilt and terror. And certainly it is a thing of very confi- derable ufe, rightly to underftand the natural obli- gation of moral duties, and how neceffarily they flow from the confideration of God 3.nd of our/elves. For it is a great miftake to think, that the obliga- tion of them depends folely upon the revelation of God's will made to us in the holy fcrlptures. It is plain, that mankind was always under a law, even before God had made any external and extraordi- nary revelation : elfe, how fhall God judge the world ? how fliall they, to whom the word of God ne- ver came, be acquitted or condemned at the great day ? For whe7'e there is 110 law, there can be neither ohe- dience nor tranfgrcffwn. " It is indeed, adds the *' Dean, an unfpeakable advantage, which we, ** who are Chrillians, do enjoy, both in refpefl of *' the more clear and certain knowledge of our duty *' in all the branches of it, and likewife in regard '* of the pov.'srful motives and afliftance, which ^ our blefled Saviour in his gofpel offers to us, to '* enable 46 The Life of Dr, John Tillotson, " enable and encourage us to the difcharge of our '* duty. Butyet it is neverthelefs very ufeful for us to , *' confider the primary and natural obligation to " piety and virtue, which we commonly call the " law of nature ; this being every whit as much the ** law of God, as the revelation of his will in his ** word ; and confequently nothing contained in the " word of God, or in any pretended revelation *' from him, can be interpreted to difTolve the *' obligation of moral duties plainly required by *' the law of nature. And if this one thing were " but well confidered, it would be an effeiftual *' antidote againft the pernicious doiStrines of the " AntinomianSj and of all other Libertines whatfo- *' ever -, nothing being more incredible, than that " divine revelation fliould contradi61: the clear and *' unqueftionable dictates of natural light ; nor any " thing more vain than to fanfy, that the grace of *' God does releafe men from the law of nature." This Bifliop WiLKiNS was very fenfible of, and wifely faw, of what confequence it was to eftablifh the principles and duties of religion upon their true and natural foundation •, which is fo far from being a prejudice to divine revelation, that it prepares the way for it, and gives it greater advantage and au- thority over the minds ot men. The third point of his defign was to perfuade men to the pradlice of religion, and the virtues of a good life, by Iliewing how natural and dire6t an influence they have, not only upon our future blefTednefs in another world, but even upon the happinefs and profperity of this prefent life. " And furely, concludes the Dean, " nothing is more likely to prevail with wile and " confiderate men to become religious, than to be, *' thoroughly convinced, that religion and happinefs^ *' our duty and our interefl, are really but one and " the fame thing confidered under feveral no- " tions." ''\- 4 The ,. Archbifiop c/" Cante^bun^ 47 The year 1676 deprived the Pean ot one ol his mofl; valuable friends. Sir Matthew Male, who afcer having filled the place of one of the Juflices of the Common-pleas under the protedor Crom- well, and during the leveral changes of govern- ment till the reftoration, and alter that of Lord- chief- baron of the Exchequer, and Lord-chief- juftice of the KingVbench, had refigned the laft poll on account of his age and infirmities on the 2 ilt of February 1674-5 and died on the CbriJlmas-^SLj following in the 6Sth year of his age, with the higheft reputation for integrity, and abilities in his profcflion, in which his writings have raifed him a chara6ter equal to his greateft predeceiTors, and v/ill always be eileemed as containing the bell rationale of the grounds of the law of E'ngland. Nor was he an inconfiderable mafler of polite, philofophical, and efpecially theological learning, however under- rated in theie refpefts by a late writer \ evidently biafs'd by party prejudices ; his treatife upon the Origination of mankind Ihevving a great force of rea- foning, and an equal compafs of knowledge. This work, defigned to evince the creation of the world, and the truth of the Mofaical hillory, was part of a larger confutation of Atheifm, and proof of Chri- ftianity: which, as foon as finilbed, he lent by an unknown hand toBifliop Wilkin s for his judgment, but with no other account of the writer, than that he was not a clergyman. The Bifhop and Dr. Til- lot son having read a great deal of it with mucli fatisfadlion, were ablolutely at a lofs in their con- jedures about the author i and how a perfon fur- nifh'd with fuch talents of reafoning, and fuch 4 variety of learning, fliould be lb unknown to them^ that they could not find him out by thefe charadfers, which are fo little common. At laft Dr. TiLLori "so'.^r 'Life of :he Lord-Ke-per No ?.th, by Roc : :\ No !it h, Fivj; 48 I'be Life of Br, John Tillotson, SON fixing upon the Lord Chief Baron Hale, the Bifhop immediately agreed to his opinion, wondering that himfelf had been fo long in finding it out. Upon which they both went to him •, and the Bilhop thanking him for the entertainment, which he had received from his manufcript, he bluflied extremely, not without fome difpleafure, apprehending that the perfon, whom he had trufted, had difcovered him. But the Bifnop Toon cleared that point, and told him, that he had difcovered himfelf; for the learn- ing of that book was fo various, that none but he could be the author of it. And that prelate having a freedom in delivering his opinion of things and perfons, which perhaps few ever managed with fo much plainnefs and prudence, told him, that nothing could be better faid on the fubjedl, if he could bring it into a lefs compafs ; but if he had not leifure for that, he thought it much better to have the book come out, though a little too large, than that the world fhould be deprived of the ad- vantage of it. But tho* his Lordftiip had never the opportunity of revifing it ; yet a little before his' death he fcnt the firft part of it to the prefs * . The Dean's eminence of character, as well as the perfonal obligations of the writer, produced a dedi- cation to him in 1677, o^ A brief difcourfe upon the cffices of hapifm^ catechifm^ and confirmaticn, by Thomas Comber M. A. afterwards Do(5lorof di- vinity, and Pr^ecentor of Tork, and promoted to the Deanry o^ Durham \n /Ipril 1691, which heen- joy*d to his death on the 2 ^th of November 1699, in the 55th year of his age. Mr. Comber begins his de- dication by obferving, that he did not imagine, that hc- Ihould difcharge thofe obligations, which the Dean*s goodnefs had laid upon him, but rather increafc them, by prefenting thofe little tra(fls to him : " For * Life of Sir Matthl'a- I^Iale, b/ Dr. Burner, p. 49. i;2, edit, 1682. Archbijlop cf Canterbury. 49 " For it will, fays be, contribute to their reputatioti *• to be uihcr'd in with ib worthy a name, and add ** to tlitir author's chrjacter to be reckon'd among " the number of your friends. So that if this tendtr ** be accepted but as the tcftimony of my gratitude, " I fliall confefs mylelf to be your debtor Hill .... " I hope they are lb done, that they may be ho- " nourcd with your approbation^ as well as your *' name ; for then they will be effeflually recom- *' mended to all the judicious, and raifed above the " cenlurcs of the lefs deferving." The rife of his intcreft with the Prince and Princefa of Orange, with the confequence of it in his ad- vancement to the See of Canterbury^ has been af- cribed to an incident, which is fuppofcd to have happened in the year 1677, and is thus reprefented by one of our hidorians^, as drawn from a manu- fcript account taken from Archbifiiop Tillotson*9 own mouth : That the match between that Prince and Princtrfs being made upon political views againft the will of the Duke of York, and not with the hearty liking of the King, i\\c country party ^ as they were then callM, were exceedingly pleas'd and ele- vated ; and after the Lord Mayor's feafi: ^ a lecret deHgn was bid to invite the new-married couple info the city to a public and folemn entertainment to be made for them. To prevent this, the court hut- ried both the bridegroom and bride, as fafl as they could, out of tov/n \ lb that they departed with fuch precipitation, that they had fcarce time to make any provifion for their journey. Their fervants and bagg:>ge went by way of Harivich^ but the Prince and Princefs by Canterbury road, where they wete to lie till the wind was fair, and the yatch ready to fail with them. Being arrived at Canterbury^ they repaired to an inn ; and no good care being taken in E their * F CK A R D'i Hiftoiy of £//?/«// Woon. Athen. Oxon, 'vol. U. col. 954, Mr. Nelson in his life of Bifhop Butt, /. 276 — 2S0. mentions nothing of the Dean o( Catiterlnryi tn- deavoars in obtaining that Prebend for )um. 54^ ^'oe Life of Dr. J^hn Tillotson, dral Dr. Ralph Cudworth, whofe Intelle^fual Jy* fiem of the univerfe has raifcd him a reputation, to which nothing can add, but the pubhcaticn of his other writings ftiil extant in manulcript ". The difcovery of the Popiili plot in Sept. 1678, of wiVich the reality, or at leaft extent, has been fince treated as one of the greateft problems in hiftory, having given great alarm to the Parliament, which met on the 21ft of O^ober^ a few days after the murder of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, the Dean was appointed to preach before the Houfe of Com- mons on the c^th of November following. His text was Luke ix. s^^ §6. and the defign of his dif- courfe is to fhew, that a revengeful, and cruel, and dellruftive fpirit is direilly contrary to the defign and temper of the gofpel, and not to be excufed iipon any pretence of zeal for God and religion. In the conclufion he makes an application of that doc- trine to the occafion of the day, by expofing the principles' and pradlices of the church of Rom(\ and particularly in the Gun-powder treafon plot, avowM by the autho'rs of it, who exprcfied a concern for its ill fuccefs, as appeared by the original papers and letters of Sir Everard Digby°, then in the Dean's hands. He willingly acknowledges the great piety aiid charity of feveral perfons, who had lived and died in the communion of that church, as E- R ASM us, Father Paul, Thuanus, and many o- thers, " who had, fciys he, in truth more goodnefs * ' than the principles of that religion do either incline *' men to, or allow of." He declares, that it was not his intention to exafperate the Eloufe of Com- mons to any unreafonabk or unnecejj'ary^ much lefs tinchrijitan fe verities againft the Papilts. " No, " Gdds " See the titles of them in the life of Dr. Cudworth, pre- fixM to the lecond edit, of his Intdieil. Ss^fPi, London, 1743, in 4to. p. XIX, XX. ° They were publilh'd by Dr. Thomas Barlow, Bilhop of Z,/«fo/;/, in the «;>/>f7;///A- to a book, printed in 1679, '"^ ^^'O- intiti'ed. The Gun-pc^idir Treafon. 'ArQhhtjhop oj Canterbury. 5-5- ■^' aih he^ let us not do like them. Let us never *' do any thing for relipiop, that is contrary to it. *' But I fpeak it to awake your care thus Tar, th.it ** if their priefbs will always be putting thefe perni- *' cious principles into the minds of the people, cf- " fcclual provifion may be made, that it may never *' be in their power again to put them in pradlice/* He then touches upon the latedil'covery of the plot, and the treacherous murder of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, a very good man, and a mofi excellejit via- gijirate^ who had been a^five in that difcovcry. He clofes with alledging, that if he had been tranfported by this fubjecl fomewhat beyond his ufual temper, the occafion of .that day, and the circumftances of the time would, he hop'd, bear him out. *' I can " truly fay, continues be, as the Reman orator did *' of himfelf upon another occafion, mea natura " miferkordem, f atria fevemm ; crudelera nee patria " nee natura ejfe voluit. My nature inclines me to " be tender and companionate. A hearty zeal for "our religion, and concernment for the public " welfare of my country, may perhaps have made *' me a little fevere : but neither my natural difpo- *' fition, nor the temper of (he Englijh pation, nor " the genius of the Proteftant, that is, the true Chri- *' flian religion, will allow me to be cruel." He had not long after this an occafion to improve thefe confiderations concerning the nature and ten- dency of Popery, to the difcngaging a young noble- man of great parts from the profeffion of it, in which he had been educated. This was Charles, Earl of Shrewjhury, created a Duke by King Wil- liam, to whom he was twice Secretary of State, hav- had a confiderable fhare in the revolution ; .and in the latter end of whofe reign he rctir'd to Italy for his health, where he continu'd till about the year 1706 or 1707, when he return'd to England, and join'd the new minillry •, notwithftanding which he E 4 • was fo The Life cf Dr. John Tillotson, was again made Lord-Charribcrlain to King Georoe I, as he had been to Queen Anne, and died on the lirft of February 171-^. His Lordfhip was led into an inquiry into his firft religion by the diftovery of the Popilli. plot •, and was loon made lenfible ot its errors and corruptions by lb thorough a mafler of that ft-ibjeft as the Dean of Canterbury^ whom he attended. -for the firfl time at the public -worlliip in JJncchi $-lnn Chapel^ on Sunday ihs 4th of May 3679 "5. The Dean's concern for the Earl induc'd him afterwards, upon being inform'd of his Lord- ililp's being engag'd in a converfation, which might prove dangerous to his virtue^ as well as to his cha- racltr, -to write to him the following letter, which is a mafter- piece tor the elegance and politcnefs, as Y.eli as lorce and p.;.thos oi the remonftrance. : " My Lord, *^ Y T was a great lati.sfaik part of the ler- *' mon (till I be better informed) fhevvs he. was in *' too great halle at leail, when he compofed it ; '' elfe he would never have adventured to deliver his '* opinion in a matter of fuch moment, till he had *' been better informed of its truth. ... I do not " write this out of any cliange there is in my mind *■• concerning perfons or things, having the very '• fame thoughts I had, when you and 1 converfed *' more frequently together, but thQ lamentable *' cafe of things. ... I cannot but have a love tp '' Dr. ' Tlie wnrdi in the firP edition are, as hi coulJ nol lave been more, if wt could Jup^ofe tht being, &c. ^ . 62 T/je Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " Dr. TrLLOTSON*s perfon, tho' I have none for " his opinion. I therefore would gladly have him *' well treated, tho' he be never fofharply reproved.'* Dr. HicKEsadds, that Dr. Patrick confirmed all this to Dr. Parker, when he met the latter in Lon- don^ and faid, that Dr. Tillotson ought to give fatisfadion by a retractation, or elfe be expofed. " If he will not, fays hc^ be reduced, he ought to " have no mercy, but to be hunted out of the '' Chriftian church, when he will not own it.'* The Dean's dodtrine was likewife animadverted upon by Mr. Simon Lowth, NiCdiX o{ Cofmus Blene in the Diccefe of Canterbury, in his treatiie. Of the fubjeU of church-power, in whom it reftdes, its force j extent, and execution, that it o-ppofes not civil govern- ment, in any one inftance of it, printed at London 1685 in 8vo. This difcourfe had been feen in ma- nufcript by the Dean and his friend Dr. Stilling- JLEET, who was alio feverely refleded upon in it for his Irenicum -, and the author called upon them by a letter, printed afterwards in the preface to that book, to retra6l their own opinions, or to coniute his. But the Dean of Canterbury did not think pro- per to take the leafl: public notice of fo confufed and unintelligible a writer", whofe ftiJe is a mere jargon, though Dr. PIickes '^ is pleufed to ftile him a very orihodcx and learned divine, and his book an excel- lent one ; and King J amis II, had fo great a regard for him, as to nominate him to the Deanry of Ro- chejler in the latter end oi OHoher 1688, which Mr. Lowth could not obtain polIefTion of, for want of the degree of Doftor of divinity, before that King's abdication. ''. But ° Dr. Stii. LiNGFLEFT made foiTie remarks on Mr.LoWTH's book in his epiflie dedicutory frefix'd to his fermon, preach'dat a public ordination ZX. St. Peter's Comhill, March l^th, i68-t-- To which Mr. Lowth replied in a letter to him, printed iii 16S7, in 4to. '*' Some difcourfes, p. 48. * Wood. Falti Oxon. vol. 11. col, 138. ArchbJJJjop of Canterbury. 6^ But It will be now reqnifite to fee, how the Dc;in's pontion above-mentioned was received by the Non-contormiih. Dr. Calam v's account is % that King Charles II. having (lept mod part of the time while the fermon was delivered, a ccrtaia nobleman llcpt up to him, as foon as it was over, and faid-, *' 'Tis pity your Majefty flept ; for we *' had the rarefl: piece of Hcbb:fm^ that ever you " heard in your life." Odsjijh, he jkall print it then, anfwered the king, and immediately called the Lord-chamberlain, and gave him his command to the Dean to print his fermon. When it came from the prefs, the Dean fcnt it as a prefcnt (as he ufually did mod of the pieces, which he publifn'd) to Mr. John Howe, one of the molt learned among the Non-conformiil minilters, and who had been chaplain to the Protestor Oliver Cromv^ell, Mr. Howe immediately perufed it, and was not a little troubled to find a notion there of fo ill a ten- dency. Upon this he drev/ up a long letter, ia which he freely expoftulated with the Dean forgiv- ing fuch a wound to the reformation, intimating to him, that Luther and Calvin, and the reft of our reformers were (thanks be to God) of another mind. The Chiiilian religion, fays he, both as to its pre- cepts and promifes, is already ccnHrmed by miracles : And muft it be repealed every time a wicked go- vernor thinks fit to eflablifli a falfe religion ? Muft no one ftand up for the true religion, till he can work a miracle .'' He fignified to him, how much he was grieved, that, in a Icrmon againft Popery, he fliould plead the Popifh caufe againft all the re- formers J and infifted upon it, that we had incon- teftible evidence of the miracles wrought by the Apoftles, and that we are bound to beheve them, and « Memoirs of the life of Mr. John Howe, p. 7,, 76. eait. London, 1724, in S'vo. Dr. Calamy" fays, p. 78 that the perfon, from whom he had tlic Itory, cominittird it to writing ftfefendy afcer he had received ic from .Mr Hov.-g liixiifclf. ^4 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, and take religion to be eftablifhed by chem without any farther expedations. Mr. Howe carried the letter himfelf, and delivered it into the Dean's own hands ; and he taking a general and curfory view ot it, fignified his Vv^illingnefs to talk that whole matter freely over •, but faid they could not be to- gether where they were without interruption, and therefore moved for a little journey into the coun- try, that fo thsy might have freedom of dilcourfe. They accordingly agreed to go and dine that day with the Lady Fait coNB ERG zxSuttoncoart^ and Mr, Howe read over the letter to the Dean, and inlarged upon the contents of it, as they were travelling along to- getlier in his chariot. The Dean at length fell to weeping freely, and laid, that it was the mod un- happy thing, that had a long time befallen him ; and that he law, what he had offered was not to be maintained. But he told him, that it was not h^s turn to preach as on that day ; but the perfon, who was to have done that office, falling fick, the Dean was fent to by the Lord-chamberlain to fupply his place. He added, that he had but little notice, and fo confidered the general fears of Popery, and his text offering itfclf, he thought the notion refulted from it. " Ani.], /aid he, immediately after preach- *' ing I received a command from the King to ^' print the fermon •, and then it was not in my '* power to alter it." If was probably one of the Nonconformifts, and no inconfiderable writer among them, who, foon alter the publication of the Dean^s fermon, printed in 4to Short animadverfions upon it, fo far as the faid fermon afferteth the power of the iiiagiflrate in things of religion over his fuljculs^ the fame zvith that of a mafter of a family over his family. The unlawfu'nefs of preaching the true religion by mi- niflcrs, where a falfe religion is efiablifhed by law, without an extraordinary commijfion co'i firmed by mi- racles ; and the hypocrify of fuch minijhrs, as think 4 thefR- ArchbiJJjop of C-:iX\itxhuvy. 6^ ihemfdves obliged to'prtach Cbriji (tbo^ c6Uti\'.ry to a law) in their czvn country y heco.ufe they do not go and do the fame in Tuiky or ,Sp.un. Alt ivbicb ajfer^ tions are jhortly examined. The frji proved to hs uncertainly true, lie fecond condemning the fra- ofice of all the firji 7ninifiers of the Gcfpel after the Apo/lles ", ar.d of tbofe^ that bu've laboured in refor- tnaticn. The third moji uncharitable and grcundiefs. This piece is written with the utmoft civility to the Dean, whom the author acquits of any thought of encouraging a perlecution of Proteftant-diiTenters, at a time, when it was the mofb advifeable projeft for the Popilli dcfign imaginable, " becaufc, fays " the amniadverter ^, he hath appeared to tlie world *' fuch an eminent aficrtor of the true religion " agviinfl: Popery ; and as he is a man of judg- *' ment and learning above thoufands of others, fo *' he hath always appeared a man of temper and *' excecdins; ereat moderation." He declares *= himfclf likewile far from the bafe dilingenuity ot thofe, who can fee nothing good in their adverla- ries, that tho' he thought himfelf obliged to enter his diflcnt to fome things laid by the Dean concern- ing the pczv;r of the magifirate in matters of reli- gion, and iht force of fame hwnan laws prohibiting men to preach the Gofpel •, yet he was fofar pleafed with the reft of the. dlfcourfe, that " I do, fays '* be, for myfelf,. and I dare venture in the name *' of all Diffcnters, to give him thanks "for what '^ he h^th faid in it in defence of tiie Prvtefiant re- " ligion. (that llcgen-^mgen thing, as a late Dialo- " t,^fiy ^'^'^lo would be thought a Protellant, is " pleafed-.to call it) and to aver, that if there were " r;o more faid by iiny in the world to loath people ",^of that religion, and make it an abhorrence to " all good princes and all good men, than he hath *' laid In 13 or 14 lines, p. 31. nor any more faid F' " than ^ /'. I. 'P. 2, 3. 66 T^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, *' than he hath faid to baffle their Popifh argu- *' ments from univerfality and antiquity, yet there ** needed no more •, for all the Papills on earth can " never either wipe off the firft, or anfwer the lat- " ter." The ^;7/>«^c'/i'^r/^r then remarks ■'j that all,. that he had to enter his dififent to, lies in five pages, the 9, ID, II, 12, 13. of the Dean's fermon-, nor Ihould he have done that, if he had not judg'd, that by fome alTertions in them the magiftrate is warranted, if not in the flaying, yet in the banifli- ment or fevere punifhing of his fubjedts diffenting, not in the efientials of religion, but only in the cir- cumilantials, yet fuch, as in the doing, or not doing of them aright, the foul may become guilty before God : And alfo that by thofe affertions, vs^hofoever fucceeded the Apoftles in the plantation of the Go- fpel, in countries where a falfe religion was before eftablifii'd by a law ; and all thofe glorious martyrs, who had fuffered for publiiliing the Gofpel in Eng- land, while Popery was here eltablifhed by law, or in other countries ; " and fo, continues he, all the *' reformers, aremoft inconfideratelycondemn'd, as " doing that they had no right, no authority to " do -, and all thofe Divines condemned for hypo- " crites, who take themfelves bound in their native " country, and to their neighbourhood, under a " neceflity to preach the Gofpel, and cannot think *' that they have an equal obligation upon them to " traverfe the world, to make the Gofpel abound, " from London to Conjlantinople, Rome, -or Ma' " drid.'* He aflents to the main propofition of the Dean, p. 9, (^c. that, " to countenance and iup- " port the true religion, and to take care, that the " people be inftrudled in it, and that none be pcr- " mitted to debauch and fcduce men from it, pro- " perly belongs to the civil magiftrate :" but then proceeds to his exceptionb againll fome of the fub- fequent ArchbiJl:op i?/' Canterbury. 67 fcquent pafTagcs in the fermon. And the Dean hini- felt thought propter to review it, and to publifh new edition of it the fame year, tho' without taking notice in the title-page, that it was a fccond edition \ in which he made an alteration or two in the palTages excepted to ; particularly in that, where in the for- mer edition he (pake of religion's being the Jlrongejl band of human fociet)\ and God/c necejfary to the zve'.Jare and happiaefs of 7nankmdy as he could not have been more^ &c. he changed the word he into // ; and in p. 12. after the \nqv^ permiffwn^ he added [or con- Jiiz'ance] of the magiflrate. Thefe alterations were preferved in all the fubfequent editions, and in the firrt in 8vo, in the third volume of his fermons in 1686, Sermon IX. he added a paragraph of near a page after the words permiffion or connivance of the magifirate^ beginning thus : " Not but that every " man hath a right, l^c. and ending with the word fnfferings. Th^ Animadverfions above-mentioned came to his hands while he was in refidence at Canterbury, in July 1680 j but they did not feem to him very con- fiderahle^ as he wrote on the 27th of that month to his friend Robert Nelson, Efq;. " However, " added he, I am forry, that any thing of mine *' fhould occafion fo much talk and noife." This ktter is the earlieft in date of the colledion now be- fore me % written by the Dean to that gentleman, whofe friendfhip for the former, notwithftanding the difference of their political fentiments after the revolution, is equally honourable to them both. This letter is in anfvver to one from Mr. Nelson, containing his acknowledgments for the civilities fhewn him during his ftay with the Dean, whom he had lately vifited at Canterbury \ and fhews how F 2 great * Communicated to me by the late Rev Obedi ah Hughes, D. D. who married the daughter of Sir Gabrikl Roberts, uncle to Mr. Nelson. 68 ^he Life of Dr, John Tillotson, great iliare that gentleman then had in the good opinion of lb able a judge of men. Mr. Nelson was at that time but four and twenty years of age, being bom in London on the 2 2d of June 1 6^6. He v/as fon of Mr. John Nelson, a confiderabls '^''v.rhey merchant of that city, by Delici/E his wife, . filler of Sir Gadriel Roberts, who was hi^ewife a Yurky merchant, and a particular friend of Dr. Tillotson. His father dying when he was but two years old, he was committed to the care of his mother and her brother Sir Gabriel, who was ap- pointed his guardian, and by whom he was ex- tremely belov'd, not only on account of his near relation, but alio of his perfon, and temper, and the Itrength and vivacity of his underflanding even in ]iis earlieif yearS. His firfl: education was at St. Paiirs fchool in London \ but the principal part of it ■was form'd under a private tutor in his mother's houfe ', and likev/ife no lefs a man than Dr. George Bull, afterwards Biihop of St. Daz'id's^ and then Keiftor of St. Mary Siddington, with the Vicarage of St. Peter annex' d to it, near Cirencejier in the county of Glocefter °, to whofe memory Mr. Nel- son return'd an ample tribute of gratitude and re- • gard in tl^e elaborate and inftruftive life "*, which he publifned of that great divine, his application to which is thou2:ht to have heightened the diforder, under which he had long laboured, an allhma and ■ dropfy in the bread, which proved f.ital to him at the age of fifty-nine, on the i6th o'i Jnnt^ry ly-^T at Kerifington, in the houfe of his coufin Mrs. Wolf, daughter of Sir Gabriel Roberts, and then a widow. His body was interr'd in the new burying- ground ^ Life of Mr. John ICbttlewell, /. 433, 434. 8 Life of Dean Co LET, by Dr. Samuel Knight, p. 42a, 421. and account of Mr.- Nklson, prrfx\i to the \Qth edit, of his Companion for the fcftivals .Tnd fafts of the church of Eng- land. ^ Life of Bifoop Bull by Mr. Nb l s 0 n, /. z. zd edit. ArchbiJJjop of CAnttthuTy. 69 ground ill Lambs-conduit -fields^ where a monument: is erciflcd to him with an epitaph in Lalin^ written by the elegant pen oF Dr. Smalridge, Bifhop of Brijhl'y and his funeral fermon was preached in the chapel of Onnondjlrcet on the 6th of February fol- lowing, and foon after publidied, by Dr. John- Marshal, L. L. D. in which his chara6ter for learning, piety, charity, and humanity, is fully re- prefenred. He had adhered to the communion of the uipriv'd Bifliops till the death of Dr. Lloyd Bifhop o^ Norwich^ on the ift of January jj^-l-, which terminating, in his and Mr. Dodwell'so pi- nion, what they had before thought a fchifm, he joined in communion with the Bifl:iops, who had taken the oaths. His condu6l in that rcfpedl was highly difapproved of by Dr. I Iickes, with whom, as well as others of the moft eminent Nonjurors, he had cultivated the ftricteft intimacy ; whichwill ac- count for his profound filence.with refpeft to his old friend Archbifhop Tillotsom in all his writ- ings •, Dr. HicKES being now his favourite writer, whom he rcprefented * as the mojl confiderable reviver of primitive theology in that age, and one who had created [uch a regard to antiquity, as would preferve the age from the infeuion of Latiludinarian princi- ples. The death of John Wilmot Earl of Rocheflcr at Woodjtock-park in Oxfordflme, on the 26th of JuJy 16 So, preceded by a repentance equally remarka- ble witk the unexampled profligacy of his conduit and principles, giving occafion to a letter of Mr. Nelson a few days after, the Dean begins his an- fwer to it from Canterbury on the fecond of Augtifi^ in thefe words : " Could I have found any thing " in myfelf to have juftified your kind opinion of " me, I might. have taken the opportunity to have f let a copy of your letter Qip abroad, under prc- F 3 t;nce * Life of Bifhop Eui-i., />. 514, 513. ^o The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " tence of publifhing my Lord of RocheJier*s re- " pentance. I am forry, that an example, wPiich " might have been of fo much ufe and advantage *' to the world, is fo foon taken from us. But God " had pity on him, and would not venture him ** again in fuch circumftances of temptation, as " were perhaps too hard for human frailty.*' The The cafe of his Lordfhip made as deep an impref- fion upon the Dean, as fuch an uncommon event might be expefled to do upon a mind turned and habituated fo much to refle(5lion upon every inci- dent of importance •, and he entered into his com- mon-place book in fhort-hand the following thoughts upon that occafion : " 05}ob. I. 1680. ** My Lord of Rochester, " / I iHE omnipotency of God's grace can eafily ." A change any man, by letting in light into " his mind, and pouring in ftrong convidions into *' his confcience. The greateft and mod obftinate *' minds, he, that made them, how eafily can he " turn them, even the hearts of Kings, as the ri- " vers of water, which follow the channel, that is " made for them ! '* An example encouraging enough to keep any " man from defpair, but not ftrong enough to *' found an abfolute predeftination of all upon. " If this great general and leader was lb eafily •^^ conquered, and yielded up himfelf a willing cap- *' tive to the grace of God * * " Bad men are infidels /d- defendendo. When the " afFediion to our lufts is gone, the objeflions " againft religion vanifh of themfelves. '* Choofe you and * * ''• The greateft inftance any age hath afforded : *' noL for his own fake, as St, Paul was not, who Archhijhop oj Canterbury. 7 1 " yet was no enemy to God and religion, but by *' millake. I cannot think, but that it was intended *' for Tome greater good to others. *' If reputation, or pieafure, or fafety, or vir- " tue, or even happinefs itfelr have any " religion hath all thcfe in ir. " Atheiim and infidelity do not bind up the " fenfes of men ftrongly enough, but they may be " awakened by the apprehenfion of death, or Tome *' great calamity coming upon them. A falfe reli- *' gion, if a man be fincere in it, will bear up a " man's fpirits againfl; torments and death, be- *' caufe every man's confcience is a kind of god to " him ; and the flrongefl opiates in the world are " Enthufiafm and Popery. Thefe may lock up mens " fenfes beyond the power of truth to awaken them ; *' as we fee in the murderers of our late Sovereign, '* and in our prefent Romijh confpirators.'* Some of thefe refiecftions were afterwards intro- duced by the Dean into his fermon on Jerem. xiii. 23. of the dijficuhy of reformiytg vicious habits.^ in the following palTage of which he evidently alludes to the recovery of Lord Rocbejler from his enormous courfe of vice. " Even in this perverfe and dege- " nerate age, in which we live, God hath not been " wanting to give fome miraculous inftances ^ of F4 " his ' Ecfiues the cafe of the Earl of Rochefier, there was another inftance of a nobleman and a contemner ot religion, jAMtsLEY Ear! of yuirlburougb, biou^.'iht to a different fenfe of things upon real conviction, even in fill health, fome time before he was kili'd in the fea-fight at Southold Bny, under the Duke oi Turk againll the Dutch, on the 3d o^ June 1665. He wrote feveral letters to his friends, whom he was confcious of having injur'd by his ill example and impiety, urging them to return to vir- tue and religion. Wr. Prjncr ia liis PfortLies of De'vovf/.^ire^ Dr. Woodward in his Fair If'arnings, p. 3. and Bifliop Ken- NET in his Complete hiilory of Eazland, vol. HI. p- 27^. 2d edit, have publifh'd one of thefe letters, written to Sir Huch Pollard, Co.-nptroIIcr of the Hoalhold: and I have the ori- ginal 72 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " his grace and mercy to Tinners, and thefe per- " haps equal to any of thofe we meet with in fcrip- *' ture, of Manasses, or Mary Magdalene, " or the penitent thief, both for the greatnefs of *' the oifcnders, and the miracle of their change, " to the end that none may defpair, and for want " of the encouragement ot an example equal to " their own cafe, be difneartcned from fo noble an " enterprife. I am loth to put you in mind how *' bad fome have been, who yet have htzn fn at chsd " as fire hr ends out of t be fire, and that in fo ftrange '* a manner, that it would even amaze a man to " think of the wonder of their recovery. Thofe, *' v/ho have funk them.felvs into the very depth of " infidelity and wickednefs, have by a mighty hand " and <^ut-lh etched arm of God been pluckt out of " this horrible pit. And will we flill fland it out " with God, when fuch great leaders have given " up the caufc, and have lurrendered and yielded " up themftlves willing captives to the grace of " God ? that omnipotent grace of God, which can " eafily fubdue the ftouteit heart of man, by let- " ting in fo ftrong a light upon our mind?, and *' pouring fuch terrible convictions into our con- " fcisnces, that we can find no cafe but in turning " to God." He then proceeds to obviate the ob- jeiTtions of thofe, who either denied, that there had. been fuch examples, or imputed the behaviour of fuch perfons at their death, either to a didurbed imagination, or to the faint and low fpirits of men under great bodily weaknefs, or to their natural cowardife and fear, or to I know not what loolifli and ginal of . mother in my pcfleffion, d.ite.l 23d of May 1 665, and ciuected to \Vi J, Lr AM Glascock, Eiq; A laver inllancc of the repentance of a man of excellent parts and great fpirit was that of Sir Duncomb Colcuf.ster of GlQucefin-Jkire, who in Notnmher i6()"' c'rcw up a periteniial declaration, which he ordered to be made public, and liv^d many jxara an example of a thorougli rcfcrn:«;ion. j^rchbiJJ:cp c/ Canterbury. 73 and fantaftical defign of compleating and finlfliing a wicked life with an hypocricic;il death. All thcfe aroundlefs objedlions were moll probably urged by the libertines of that age, in oppofition to the con- clufions naturally arifing againft their caufe, from the repentance of fo eminent a member and profef- ibr of their body i and they even fubfift in fome meafure to this day, and are too often made ufe of to weaken the credit and effe6t of Dr. Burnet's book upon that fubjed, written by the Earl's own direc- tion on hisdeathbed ''. The Dean appears to have revifed and improved that book, fince it concludes ' almoft in the exact words of his letter to Mr. Nel- sox of the 2d of Augujl^ that " God took pity on " the Earl, and feeing the iincerity of his repent- '• ance, would try and venture him no more in cir- " cumftances of temptation, perhaps too hard for " human friilty." The Rectory of^^rwfj in ^//rrf)' being vacant in /fjt/- gv.Ji 1680, and in the gitc of the Dean and Chapter of 6t: Panics, iMr. Ne l son wrote to the Dean of Canter- bury in favour of Mr. Richard Kidder. This Di- vine, fuEciently knov/n to the world by his writings, efpecially his Demonjlration cf the Mejfiah^ was bo:n at Bri^htbelmjtone in Sujfex "", and educated at Emanuel College ^ Printed at Ls^rf'ow i6?^o, in 8vo. The 6th edition was pub- llTiied in 1724. The credit of the Doftor's book, and the iin- cerity of the Earl's repentance, would be fully efcablilhed, if tlii;y wanted any additional evidence, by the publication of live ]ct:«:rs, llill extant, of his mother Anne, Countefs Dowager of Foiheficr, and filler of Sir Walter St. John of Lattirfea^ B;irt. to that genrieman's lady Johanna, daughter of the Lord- cbief-juilice St. John. Tiiele letters were wri'ten during her fon's lafi illnef?, and fhcw him to have been, during the courfe of ir, fully polfefsM of his undcrilanding. One particular in them deferves to be mention'd here, that when one of the Eari's pii\ ficians, thinking to pleafe him, told him. that the King drank Jiii health iome days before, he look'd carncllly upon him, and fajd nsver a word, but turned his face from him ' P. 117. 6th edit. "" Willis's Survey of the Ca- wicdials of Lincoln, Ely, ifc p. 151. ^4 ^^^ Life of Dr. John Tillotson, College in Cambridge, of whicli he was chofen Fel- low in 1655, having taken the degree of Bachelor of arts in 1652, and that of Mailer in 1656, in which he was incorporated in the univerfity of Oxford on the i3ch oijuly 1658 ". His firft preferment was the Vicarage of Sta?iground in the county of Hunting- don^ to which he was prefented by his college, and deprived of it in 1662 for not complying with the a6l of uniformity °. But he conform'd fome time after, and in OEloher 1664 was prefented by Ar- thur Earl o^ Ejfex to the Reftory of Raine-parva in Ej[ex p; and on the 24th of October 1674 infti- tuted to that of ^t. Martin-Outwich in London'^, to ■which he had been eleded by the company of Mer- chant-taylors. He was inftalled Prebendary of 'Norwich on the i6th of September 1681, upon the death of Dr. Hezekiah Burton. Soon after the revolution in 1689, he was made Dean o^ Peier- horotigh in the room of Dr. Simon Patrick, ad- vanced to the See of Chichejler., and on the 30th of Augiift 1 69 1 was confecrated to the Bifliopric of Bath and Wells, upon the deprivation of Dr. Tho- mas Kenn for not taking the oaths to their Maje- llies, and the refufal of Dr. William Beveridge to fucceed in the place of the depriv'd Biihop. He was killed with his Lady in his palace at Wells, by the fall of a ftack of chimnies, during the high wind on the 27th of November 1 703. The Dean of Can- ierbury's intimate friendfhip with and pre-cngage- ment to Dr. Hezekiah Burton prevented his compliance with Mr. Nelson's recommendation of Mr. KiDDE R . "I know nor, f'ys he in his letter to ^' that ge7itleman from Canterbury, Aug. 15, 1680, *' how Mr. Griffith came to understand me- fo " welli " Wood. Fafti. Oxon. '■jol. IT. col. 123. • Ken net's Rcgiilcr and chronicle, p. 853. and Calamv's account, /. 371. p Newcourt's Repertoriuni, vol. Jc. f- 4S0. •! Ibid. v:/. I. ^. 414. " well -, but lie made a very right judgment, when " he pitched upon you, as of all men mod likely *' to command me in any thing you fliould defire. " And no man ftiould have been more glad to have " gratified lb worthy a pcrfon, as Mr. Kidder. *' But the truth is, I v/as pre-engaged for Dr. Bur- *' To.v, and have written to Dr. Stillincfleet *' our Dean in his behalf, tho' I fear without fuc- *' eels, becaufe I underlhind, that my Lord of " Danby (from whom I received a letter laft night) " hath en2;ao;ed both the Dean and Dr. Turner *' for Dr. IrlAWKiNsof the'Hjw^r, Dr. Layfield*s *' ' fon-in-law. I had a letter likewife from Sir Ga- " BRiEL Roberts for Mr. Kidder, whom I *' fliould be glad to have been able to oblige. But " I wrote to him, that I was pre-engaged." How- ever Dr. Hawkins, whofe intercft with the Earl of Danby might arife from his Lordfhip*s being then prifoncr in the 'Tower ^ of which the Do6lor was Chaplain, failed of his application for the living, which was given to Dr. Burton -, but his office in the Tciver giving him afterwards great opportuni- ties of obliging the court, efpecially in his attend- ance upon Mr. Edward Fitz- karris, who was exe- cuted on the ift 0^ July i63i, his intereft became fo confiderable with King James II. that he ob- tained of his Majeily the Deanry of Chichejler^ upon the death of Dr. George Stradlixg on the i^th of^>n7i688. In this letter of the 15th 0^ y^ugujl., and fome of the following ones, the Dean of Canterbury men- tions Mr. de Veil as then with him •, whom he patronifed on account of his learning and conver- fion to the Proteftant religion, lliis gentleman, whofe name was Lewis de Compeigne de Veil, had pubhUied in 1679 in Hebrew, v/ith a Latin verfion ' Vicar of All-hallows Bark-ng, and Archdeacon of EJJ'tx, ■ft'ho died Thorax Jar.uary i5Sy. y6 The Life of Dr, John TilLOTsoy, verfion by h'uiifelf, Catechifmus Judsorum in difpu- tatione i^ dlalogo magifiri i^ d'fcipuli^ fcriptus a K. Aerhamo Jagel, monte Silicis oriundo^ with a dedication to Dr. Compton Eidiop q'[ London \ and this book was reprinted ^t Franskcr in 1690 in 8vo. He g;ive the pubHc likewife a Latin tranflation of, and notes upon, Rabbi Moses Maimonides's book De famjiciisy and his trad: De confaraticne, £5* de ratione intercalandi, and Alab^j^aijel^s Exordium Jive proccmium in Le'viticu-.n^ printed 21 London in. 1683 in 4to, Ke had publi/lied aL^o at Peris in 167^^, the Sth book of Maimonides De cultu divino with a Latin verfion, juft before he left France, where he was the King's interpreter for the Oriental languages. He was born a Jew, but afterwards embraced the Popifli religion, which he at lafl rencurxed for the Pi-oteftant % and entered into the communion of the church of England, whither he retired about the year 1679. He had a brother ', Charles Marie DE VeiLj D. D. of the univerfity of Angers, who was likewife born a Jew at Metz in Lorrain, but being converted to Chriftianity, while he was very young, became a canon regular of St. Augiifiin, and Prior of Sc. Ambrofe at Meliin ; which pi'eferments he quitted, and declared himfelf a Protefcant, and took refuge in England'^, where he preached among the Anabaptifts in 1685 "• ^^^ ^^^ publifhed, while he was in France, commentaries in Latin upon the Gofpels of St. Matthew and Mark, the Canticles, and the Prophet 'Joel-, as he did one in the fame language in England upon the ABs of the Apojlles, printed at L(7;/^(7« 16 84 in Svo, and pub- 2 lilhed * Bartoloccu Eibliotheca Rabbinica, torn. III. n. 817. fd. 843. 'R. Simon, Lettres clioifes, Tom. i. p. 78. 2d tdit. in not. ScWolJii Bi'oliotheca Kebiara, vol. III. p. 645,973. "= Bartoloc. uhi Jiipra, and Bayle, Nouvcllcs de la Repu- bliqiie des Lcttrcs Dcc.mb. i^S--}. art. XI. p. 518. ai;d St^t^ 1685. art. XI. p. 10:9. * Id. p. ic;:^. f ArchbiJJjGp o/' Canterbury. 77 liOied there the year following in Englijlo in the fame form. The Dean of Canterhury was return'd from thence to London in OBchcr 16S0, whence he wrote on the 19th of that month to Mr. Nelson, then ziDryfeid near Cirajcefier in Gloccjlerpire, in anfwer to a letter received from that gentleman the day before, in which he had mentioned a report fpread to the Dean's dif- advantage, with regard to fome alterations, which had been made in his cathedral, and containing pro- bably fome infmuations of his difinclination 10 the iifiial ornaments in fuch buildings. *' And now, " replies he, it is time to be fenfiblc of the kind *' concernment you are pleas'd to exprefs for me " in your letter. Your conjedlure Is very right. " We only took down the fun over the llireen be- " hind the communion table, which was done with " lb little noife, that feveral days pafs'd before it *' was taken notice of to be remov'd •, and nothing; " done befides, not fo much as the table ftirr'd out *'" of its place. I have often heard the llmie, which *' you write, but have no great rcafon to be trou- *' bled, when I confider how undcferved a fliare of " good report I have had the fortune to meet " withal." In this letter he takes notice, that the Duke and Duchefs of York were to bemn their voyage for Scoll.md tlie next day, " upon a fudden " refolution, adds he, of the council, as feems to " us.- A few days v/ill probably make much more " news," Their Royal Highnefies accordingly left IVhitehall on the 20th oiO^loher, and embark'd at IVookvich, the King being advis'd by his council to part with the Duke, fince it would be impoffibls to fupport him during the fefTion of the parliament, which met the day following in a tem.per very un- favourable to his Royal Highnefs, who was now become extremely obnoxious to [he nation in gene- ral. 73 7he Life of Br. John Tillotson, rai, and had been juil before prefented at the King's- bench-bar in JVeJlminfier-hall, as a Popifh recufant, by a bill in form, offer'd by the Earls of Hunting- don and Shaftesbury, the Lords Grey of /Ffr^^, Brandon -Gerard, Russel, and Cavendish, and feveral confiderable gentlemen •, though by the fudden difmiiTion of the Grand- jury, the matter had no confequence in the forms of the court. And the Dean himfelf was fo deeply affected with a juft ap- prehenfion of the danger of a Popifh fuccefibr to the civil as well as religious liberties of his country, that he could not but Vv'ifh fuccefs to the exclufion-bill, ■which had been ftopp'd in the preceding feffion of parliament in May 1679, by his Majeily's proro- gation, and was now refum'd, and pafs'd the Com- mons by a great majority, but thrown out at the fecond reading in the Floufe of Peers by fixty -three againll thirty, only three of eleven Bifliops then prefent giving their votes for it •, Dr. Compton, Bifiiop of 'London^ being one of thofe three. The Dean's zeal for it indeed was fuch, that heemploy'd his intereft Vvith Savile, Vifcount (afterwards Mar- quis) of Hailifax, to divert his Lordfiiip from his vehement oppofition to it '" : And when the Clergy of London agreed upon an addrefs to the King, upon his Majefty's declaring in his anfwer of the 4th of , 'January 168° to the addrefs ot the Commons, that he could not confcnt to fuch a bill, the Dean re- fus'd to fign that addrefs of his brethren \ He takes notice of this fituation of public affairs in a let- ter from London of tlie 5th o\ January 168° to Mr. Nelson, who had v;ritten to him from Paris, where he was jud arriv'd. " His Majefty, fays he, " and his houfe of Commons, iViU ditier about the *' point of exclufion. They will give any thing " for that, and his Majcfty any thing but that." But * Burnet's HiRory of his own time, vcl. I. p. 459. * Life, p. 17. ArchbiJJjop o/'Canterbuiy. 79 But thcfe: difputes were loon determin'd by a diflb- iiition of that parliament on the 1 8th of that month, and of the fucceeding one fummon'd at Oxford on the 14th of March following, after a fcfTion of only feven days, which was the Lilt in that reign. In this letter the Dean congratulates Mr, Nelson upon his efcape from a ftorm at fea, in which three merchant fhips in the Dozvns were caftaway, and upon his fafe arrival at Paris, " which, fays he, together " with the fight of the great King, muft needs " make amends for all the difficulties and didrcfies " of your -journey." He obferves likewife, that the comet had appear'd in Lcndon very plain for fe- veral nights, with a ftream much of the length de- fcrib'd by Mr. Nelson, to whofe learned friend and companion Mr. Edmund Halley the Dean adds his thanks and compliments. " I have not yet, fays he^ " received his favour ; but fhall be glad to fee any " thing of his, and much more to be able to under- " ftand it." What Mr. Halley intended to write to the Dean was probably upon the fubjefl" of that comet, which that great aftronomer firil perceiv'd in the midway between Calais and PariSy in com- pany with Mr. Nelson, with whom he had contract- ed a friendfhip from their childhood, as himfeif ob- ferves in his Account of Mr. Dodwell's book De Cyclis, addrefs'd to that gentleman, and printed in 1715, at the end of Mr. Brokesby's life of Mr. Dodwell, dedicated likewifc to Mr. Nelson. This comet, one of the moll remarkable which had ever been obferv'd, and the fame that appeared the year of Julius C/esar's death, the period of its revolution being 575 years, afforded Mr. Halley an important fubje.l of inquiry, and produced his Synopfis comelarum, one of the molt valuable of his works. For, in this piece, upon the foundation of Sir Isaac Newtom's principles, he reduces the path or orbit of this fpecies of planets to a fimple 7 parabola. So ^ke Life of Dr, John Tillotson, parabola, having the fun for one focus, in common with the ellipfes defcribed by the motion of the ordi- nary planets -, which greatly facilitates the calcula- tion of comets ; and in a fingle page has comprifed the refult of almoft infinite application, exhibiting in one table the nodes, perihelia, diftances, and courfs of 24 comets, the mcft confiderable and mofl: accu- rately defcrib'd. He was' now famous over Europe ^ rho' he was but four and twenty years of age at the time of his journey to France^ whither he went to vifit the learned, for which purpofe he likewife paf- fed thence into Italy. Atter his firil education at St. FauVs fchool, and an uncommon progrefs, not only in the hatin^ Greek, and Hebrew languages, but alfo in geometry and altronomy, he was admitted in 1673 at fcventeen into ^een^s College Oxford ; and having at nineteen pubiiflied his diredl: and geo- metrical method of finding the aphelia and excen- tricity of planets, his merit recommended him to King Charles II. who fent him to St. Helena \n JSfoveniber 1676, to make a catalogue of the liars oi the fouthern hemifphere, whence he returned in au- tumn 1678, and was on the 3d of December follow- ing created Mafter of arts, having been on the 30th of November elefted a Fellow of the Royal Society ; and in 1679 ^'^'^^^^ a voyage to Bantzkk to convcrfe with the celebrated Hevelius. The fublequent hillcry ■ cf this excellent aftronomcr, mathematician, and philofopher, whole various pieces, difpers'd in the '^Tranj'ahions of the Rcyal Scclely, and other books, would, if collected and republiflied, be a valuable prcfenc to the public, may be feen in the eloge upon liim by Monf. Mairan in the memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris. His life, as well as that of his friend Sir Isaac Newtox, was extended to an uncommon age, 86 •, he dying 'January 13th, I74i •, being himfelf an inftance ot anobfcrvation, which I have often heard him make, that a ftudi- ous Archhijijop of C2iV\\.txhmy. Si cus manner oF life gener.iHy contribures to a long one, by keeping a man, as iie exprcfs'd it, one ot: harm's way. The Dean concludes his letter to Mr. Nelson in terms, which Hiewed the higheft regard tor him. " If " 1 were able,/n'j /':ford^ thefudden diffolu- tion of which prevented that and all other inquiries. In this letter the Dean inclofed for Mr. H alley fome obfervations of Mr. Hill of Canterbury, not a learned, hut a "very indujlrious tnan, upon the late comet, which he told the Dean within a fortnight paft, appeared then, but was very little. The poft- fcript mentions Dr. Zachary Cr a dock's being eleded Provoft of Eton College, as he was by the Fellows upon the death of Dr. Allestree in Ja- wM^r^y preceding, in oppofition to Mr. Waller the poet, whofe pretenfions were fet afide by a determi- nation of the Privy-council on the 2 2d ot February, that noperfon could be Provoft, who was not capa- ble of taking the care of fouls. This eminent di- vine, who was admired in his own time for his un- commoQ talents of difcourfmg from the pulpit with the the greatefl copioufnefs and vivacity, without notes or preparation, is fcarce known to the prefent age, except by the high charafter given of him by his contemporaries, and two of his fcrmons, one on EccUfiafi. ix. 2. puhHflied by command of King Charles II. before whom it was preached, Fchr. 10th 167-^, and another on i lini. i. 5, intitled, ^be great end and defign of Chrijlianity, printed fcve- ral years after his death, from a copy faid to be given by him to one of his friends. He had been edu- cated in ^teen's College Cambridge^ where he gained fo univerfal an efteem by his learning and piety, that Dr. CuDWORTH wrote oi\t\\Q iyi\\ o^ O^ober 16^6, in the ftrongeft terms, in his favour to Secretary Thurloe, to recommend him to the Protector, that he might be appointed Chaplain to the Englijb factory at UJl)on ^. Some years after the Reftora- tion he was made Canon-reiidentiary of Chichejler ; being inftalled on the nth oil February 1669-70, and eleded Fellow of Eton Colleie on the 2d of Z)tf- cember 1672 ; and having enjoyed the Provoftfhip about fourteen years, died on the 1 6th of October 1695, in the fixty-fecond year of his age "■ . Mr. Nelson was ftill at Paris in the latter end of April 1 68 1, whence he wrote two letters to the Dean, acquainting him with a propofal, which had been made to him for the purchafe of a place at court. The offer came from Mr. Henry Savile, brother of George Vifcount Hallifax^ and Envoy- extraordinary from the King to the court of Fr^nce^ and fworn Vice-chamberlain of the King's houilioid, in September, 1660. He was now in England, whence he had probably written to Mr. Nelson upon that aflfair, which was by no means an agreeable one to his uncle Sir Gabriel Roberts, or to the Dean, G 2 for ^ Thurloe's State-papers, -vol.V. p. 522. 523. * Le Nevb Monumenta AngUcana, from 1680 to 16;;^, f. \t6. §4 The. Life of Dr\ John Tillotson, for rcafons, which will appear in his anfwcr from London on the 28th oi Jpril 1681. " But now, " fays he, to the main bufinefs, to which I find '* your uncle fo abfolutc-ly averfe, that he did not *' think it tic your mother fhould be acquainted " with it. It is well, if you efcape chiding from *' him. As iov mylelf, than whom no perfon in " the world can wifli you better, fincc you are " pleafed to repofe that kind confidence in me, as '' to aik my advice, 1 will faithfully give it. In " the prcfcnt uncertainty of things, 1 would not "■ liavc you venture fo confiderable a fum, as thofe " places go at •, and unlefs fome body grow better, *' which 1 hope God will grant, the temptations, *-' to which a man muft be cxpofed in that ftation, *' are like to ht fo violent, as would fet the firmed ''' virtue hard, even my friend's, of whom I have fo *^ good an opinion. Your mother hath but juft " maftcr'd the trouble of your abfence, which, I *■' iinderpLand by your aunt Hanger, was for a great *' while very grievous to her •, and therefore you' '■*' will, I am fure, be very tender of giving any new *' occafion. I will wait upon Mr. Savjle, and *' make the befl acknowledsiments 1 can of his o ** great civilities and favours to you, and let him " know how your friends Hand affeded in this mat- *' ter, to whofe judgment and determination you '• have referred it.*' He exprciils in this letter his fjtisfaclion in what Mr. Nelson had written to him concerning Monf. Claude, Miniftcr of the French Proteftant Church at Charenton near Paris, and one of the ableft mana- gers of the controverly againll that of Rcme, which his age produced. " I am very glad, faiih the " Dean^ Monf. Claude hath refolved, as I think, " the wifer way, tho' I hear he hath written to Mr. " Baxter, a very kind and honeft letter, in which *' he jlrchMjhop of Cimtt\:h\\\y . ■ - Sf " he wlHies, that the BiHiups would. Ihcw them" *' more favour ; buc withal tells him> he cannot lee " how they can be acquitted of fchifm : which let- *' ter, I bjlieve, they will hardly print," This fcems to reter to Monf Claude's having been confulted about that time, among other eminent French di- vines, by both paities on the difputcs between the church of England and the Non-coniormifts, and particularly by the Blihop of London^ to whom he wrote an anfwer dated at Paris^ November 29th 1680 N. S. which being printed in rhe appendix to Dr. Still i ngfleet's Unreafonablcnefs of feparation = at hondon j6Si, contrary to his dcfign or txpcda- tion of feeing it made public, he wrote another let- ter ^ to a lady from Pans^ April 1 6th 1 68 1, in which he fartlier explained his fentiments upon the fubje(5t of his former letter, condemning the excelTcs of both fide?, and wifhing, that they would fubmitto a juft' and reafonable accommodation. . The next letter of the Dean to Mr. Nelson, then at Saumur, v/as written from London on the fecond. o\ June 1681, and relates to the main fubje(5l of his former, the offer to that gentleman of a place at cou'-t. " I wifh, fnys ke, your good opinion of my *' judgment were as well-grounded, as that of my *' fincere friendfliip and affedion for you moH: cer- " tainly is. Your mother is perfectly well fatisfied, " as I told her (he had great reafon, fince you re- *' fcrr'd yourfelf to the advice and judgment ot your " friends ; by which I afTured her you would mod *' certainly govern your refolution. I fliall be glad " to fee England io h ippy, as that the court may *' be a ft: place for you to live in. I waited on the " EmbaiTador, and made the beft acknowledgments " to him I c )uld of his great favours and civilities " to you, and particularly in that kind offer he had G 3 " made •» The DilTenters, «= P. 427. '' Oeuvres poil- humes de Monf. Claude, torn. V, />. 264, w f. S6 The Life of Br. John Tillotson, " made you. But I told him, that your friends had '* no mind to it, cipecially as things now are ; and I *' knew you would do nothing againft their indina- ** tion : with which he was well fatisfied, declaring '< the very great kindnefs and efteem he had for you, *' and for your friend Mr. Halley ; in which I *' did not contradict him.'* The fincere concern, which the Dean always felt for his friends, made him negled no opportunities of fuggefting to them proper advice, when their virtue, reputation, or intereH required fuch an interpofition : and this oince he knew how to difcharge with all the Ikill and delicacy neceffary to prevent any juft of- fence. Of this kind is the following letter, enter'd in fhort-hand in his common place-book, written to Sir Thomas Colepepper, Bart, oi Kent^ and dated July 1 2th, 1 68 1. " Honour'd Sir, Was heartily troubled, t was from home when you did me the honour of a vifit in London ; and the more, bccaufe I loft the opportunity I had long wifh'd for, of having fome difcourfe with you in relation to yourfelf j being fo perfectly perfuaded of your good difpofition, as to believe you would not take it amifs, that I, who have known you from your tender years, and been always a great well-wifher to your family, Ihould be concerned for your welfare. And, to tell you the truth, I waited upon you at your lodgings with a dcfign to obtain your leave, humbly to of- fer fome advice to you ; which I then forbore to do, b'^caufe I could not in civility detain yoii fo long undreft. What I could not then fay, I crave leave now to write. " I remember, I faid to you, that I had hoped, before that time to have fcen you married and fet- tled at Canterbury. Not that 1 had in my mind 8 ** any Archbljhep 0/ Canterbury. .87 " any body to propole to you •, but becaufe I coa- " fider'd, that the hopes ot your lauiily refted upon " you ; and, it you will give me leave to ufe fo *' much freedom, that you are now in the flippery " and dangerous part of life, expofed to many and *' powerful temptations, elpecially in fo licentious *' an age. And therefore I fhould have been glad " to have feen you fecured againfl this danger by " that means. " I doubt not, but you believe and confidcr, that ** after this there is another life 5 to fecure the hap- " pinefs whereof, no care, no diligence can be too *' great : and I have good hope, that you are not ** yet entangled in any very bad courfe. But if any '' of the vices, to which youth is incident, have *' gained never fo little upon you, forGod*s fake, *' and your own, refolve prefently to refcus your *' life. Aik pardon of God for what is pafl, and ** the afTiflance of his grace for the future : neither " of which he will deny to a fmcere and well re- •* folved mind. " And be pleafed to confider, that the farther ** men proceed in any thing that is bad, they put " themfelves fo much the more out of God's pro- '* tedlion, and their own power •, and their retreat " muft every day become more difficult. But above *' all, that whatever the pleafure o^fm may be, it '* cannot be a wife thing to pleafe ourfelves for a " little while, at the intolerable price of being mi- " ferable for ever. " You fee. Sir, that I am contented to venture " your difpleafure to prevent your danger ; and '• yet I promife myfelf, that your goodnefs and pa- *' tience will pardon the prefumption of this advice, *' when I have told you, that it proceedcth from fo " much good -will, that if your own good " had been to counfcl you, though he would have "^ done It v.'ith more fkill, he could not have done G 4 " it S8 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " it with more kindnefs. I pray Geo it may have ** theeiiect, which I fo earneftly wifh. I intreatyoa '* to give my very hun)ble fervice to my Lady, " your mother, and to believe, that 1 am with the " greateft fincerity and refpedt, Sir, " Your moft faithful and humble fervant, *' J. T." During the courfe of this fummer, he loft Eli- zabeth, the younger of his two daughters •, upon which cccafion Mr. Nelson having condoled with him in one of his letters, the Dean in his anfwer from London No\;unber 7, 1681, thanked that gentleman iiv: his companionate fcnfe of his lofs, " which, " fays he^ went very near me. But God's will is " always beft, and I have no doubt but i^'iit is infi- " nitely more happy and fafe, than fhe could have " been in any condition in this world. It hath '* pleafed God fince that, to add another great af- *-'• fliilion by the death of my worthy friend Dr. - " BurtolV. About ten days ago Mr. Gouge, an- " other excellent man, died in his fleep, as is ' * thought of apoplexy. But J ought not to entertain " you with fuch difmal things, if I had any thing " better to write you from hence." The deatii of Mr.TM0.iAS Gouge called upon the Dean to perform the lail duty to his memory, by preaching his funeral fermon on the 4th o^ November at St. yinn's Blackfryars, in which he has done juftice to the character ot that pious and charitable man, who had been Vicar o! Sl Sepulchre's in Z>^;;^^« about four and twenty years, till he was ejeded in 1662 for not fubmitting to the act of uniformity, tie in- fifts with a peculiar fatisfadion upon Mr. Gouge's *' difpofition ready to embrace and oblige all men ; " allowing others to differ from him, even in opi- *' nion-S that were very dear to him •, and provided '* men Archbifiop of Od.n\tihvi^y. 89 '' men did bat fear God, and work righteoufnefs, " he loved them hcarniy, how dillant Ibever from " him in juJgmenc about things Icfs neceflary : In *' all which he is very wortjiy to be a pattern for '• men of all perlLiafions whatfoevcr." But Mr. Gouge's mod eminent diflinction was his unwearied diligence in doing good, in which he had a moft fin- gular fagacity and prudence in contriving the mod etfediual means for it j one branch of wliich was the procuring the bible^ liturgy^ whole duty of man, and other good books, to be printed in the IVelch lan- guage, and difperfed among the people of that coun- try •, towards the imprcflion of the firft of which the Dean himfelf contributed fifty pounds'. The fuf^'icion and danger of that time prevented him from entering into a detail of fa6ls or reafonings upon publ.c affairs in letters, which were to travel fo far as thofe to Mr. Nelson ; and in that above- cited he only fays, *• we are, as you left us, between *' hope and fear what will become of us. The Earl " ot Sbafljl-ury makes moll difcourfe at prefent, '* "whofe trial or enlargement is expedtcd fome time " this term." That Earl had been committed to the Tcu^cr on the fccond of Juh; 1681, for High- trcafon •, and though the grand jury had found the bill againfl him ig)ioramus on the 24th of Novem- ber^ yet he was not difcharged from his bail till the J 3th of Februivry following j and in November 1682, he retired to Rclb.nd, ^^■here he died at the age of fixty-two, on tke 220 of January i684- Mr. Nelson biing returned to Paris, in his way home, the Dean wrote to him from London on the 5th of July 1602, in which letter he fpeaks of the firuation of the public as full of dijlratfion and dif- content •, and obferves, that he had heard of Monfieur Aknaud*s book about the plot, but had not feen 2 it ; ? Life of Mr. Thomas Firm in, />. 50. edit. London^ i6r««j5o- 4. 1579. Archbijl:op o/" Canterbury. 97 in a ftyle of fo much clcarnefs, and clofenefs-, and Itrength, as was fitted (a^ the Bifliop himfelf us*d to wilh) to the capacity of the injcahfi^ and the conviBion of the Jlrongejt -, or the folid and well- pois'd judgment of the author in points of dimculty ; or, laftly, the admirable candor and moderation of his temper in matters of difference and difpute. ** And I purpofely, fays the Dean, mention his mo- " deration, and likcvvife adventure to commend " him for it, notwithftanding that this virtue, fo *' much elleemed and magnified by wife men in all *' ages, hath of late been declaimed againft with lb *' much zeal and fiercenefs, and yet with that good *' grace and confidence, as if it were not only no " virtue, but even the fum and abridgment of all *' vices. I fay, notwithftanding all this, I am dill of *' the old opinion, that moderation is a virtue, and *' one of the peculiar ornaments and advantages of '* the excellent coriftitutions of our church, and mud *' at laft be the temper of her members, efpecially " the clergy, if ever we ferioufly intend the firm " eftablifiiment of this church, and do not indu- *' ftrioufly dtrfign, by cherifhing heats and divifions " among ourfelvcs, to let in Popery at thefe " breaches." The fame year 16S3 ^'*- Daniel Whitev, Prsecentor of tne church of Sarum^ urg'd the autho- rity of our Dean in favour of a fcheme, which hs zealoufiy recommended in his Protcftant Reco'ficiley, printed at London 1683, ^^''^^6' p^^^^d/ng for cond^- fcenfion to difjenting brethren, in things indifferent and unneceffary, for the fake of peace ; and fljezving hcjj unreafonable it is to make fuch things the r.eceffary conditions of commumon. The paflage cited trom the Dean is in his fcrmon on John xiii. 34, '7^^. preached on the third of Dcce7nber 167S, at the firit general meeting of the gentlemen and others born In this fcrmon he re- 1:1 marks, 98 The Life of Dr, John Tillotson, marks, that nothing can be a bulwark of fufficient jorce to refift all the arts and attempts of Popery, hut an eftablifh'd national religion, firmly united and compacted in all the parts of it •, and that little itds and feparate congregations can never do it, but Tvill be like a foundation of fand to a weighty build- ing 5 which, whatever fliew it makes, cannot fland Jong, becaufe it wants union at the foundation, and lor that reafon mud ncceffiirily want ftrength and firnintls. He then proceeds in the words quoted in Ihe Frvtejiant reconciler 1 ; " It is not for pri- ** vate perfons to undertake in matters of public " concernment, but 1 think we have no caufe to *' doubt but the governors of our church (not- " withftanding all the advantages of authority, and, " we think, of reafon too on our fide) are perfons of •■' that piety and prudence, that for peace fake, and, ** in order to a firm union among Proteftants, they *' would be content, if that would do it, not to in- *' fifl upon little things, but to yield them up, *' v/hether to the infirmity, or importunity, or *' perhaps, in fome very few things, to the plaufible *' exceptions of thofe, who differ from us.'* In a copy of the Trotejlant Reconciler in my poffefTion, greatly improv'd throughout by the author's own liand, in the margin of this quotation from Dr. Tillctson's excellent fermon, as he fliles it, Mr. " ^VHrTBY has infertcd fome fhort notes j as upon the words, // is not for private perfons to undertake, he adds, but only modeftly and humbly offer ; upon the words, we think of reajon too^ his remark is, except . in fome few things ; and upon thefe, in order to a firm union among ProtcflantSy his obfervation is, at ■ic;/6/V/&//'fProtefl:ant WtconcWtx only aims. But however well intended the aim was of this learned writer, whoi^e paraphrafe and con?mentciry on the New teflament is fufficient to recommend him to poilerity, even ieparate ] Preface, />. 19. Archbijhop of Canterbury. 9g> feparate from his other works, which are confidcr- able in number and value-, yet his book gave fvich high offence at its hilt pubHcation, that it was con- demn'd by the univcrfity of Oxfcrd on the 2 ill of July 1683, and burnt by the hands of the univer- iity-marfiial in the fchools quadrangle •, and Mr. Whitby himfclf being difcovered to be the auchor (tor he had piinted it without his name) he was obhged by Dr. Seth Ward, Billiop of iS'i^/Z/Z'.V/;)', whofe Chaplain he then was, to make a public re- traclation of it on the 9th of 05iober following: And the fame year, to remove the clamour raifed againfl; the liiTt part of his book, he publilhed a fccond, earnefily perfuading ihs dijj'enting caily to join in full co/nmunicn 'xith the church of f^ngland, and anfwering all the objc£ficns of the Non-coiformijls againjl the lawfubiefs of the fuhmiffion to the rites and conjiitutions of that church. The taflc of preparing the fermons of Dr. Bar- row for the prefs, which had employed the Dean for feveral years, and coft him as much pains, as would have produced many more of his own % was now finifh'd, and the edition publiflied at London in 1683. in tolio, with an account of the author by Abraham Hill, Efq; who had been left by him joint-executor with the Dean, to whom that account is addrefs'd, as materials for a more compleat life, which Mr. Hill and the public equally wiflied might be undertaken by an hand capable of fetting fo exalted a genius and fo amiable a chara6ler, as Dr. Barrow's, in their proper light and juft pro- portions, fince, as he obferves himfelf in his pre- face., the picture ol that truly great man deferv'd to be drawn at full length for the knowledge and imi- tation of pofterity. The narrow limits of a preface prevented the Dean from fo much as even attempt- H 2 ing ^ Account of the Life of Dr. Carbow, by.AcRAHAM Hi;.L, Elqi too Tbe Life of Dr. John f illotsoNj^ ing the charafter of his incomparable friend, of whom either not a little, or nothing at all, ought to^ be faid. He only advertlfes the reader therefore of fome particulars relating to his fermons, and con- cludes with remarking, that as they want no other kind of excellency, fo particularly they are animated throughout with fo genuine a fpirit ot true piety and goodnefs, that he mull either be a perfeftly good,- or prodigioufly bad man, who can read them over without being the better for them. Thofe fermons, which he is fulleft in his commendations of, are the Sen upon the vices of the tongue, and the iwo againft fragmaticalnefs and meddling' in the affairs of others v a fubjedl, which has an immediate connexion with the other, fince that vice is chiefly managed by the tongue, and almoft always attended with fome irre* gularity and indifcretion of fpeech. And Dr. Bar- row had a peculiar right to expofe fault? of that kind, " being of all men, I ever knew, fays the *' Bean, the cleareft from this common guilt, and *' moft free from offending in word, coming as near, *' as is pofTible for human frailty to do, to the per- ** fe6l idea of St. ] ames's perfe^ man: fo that in ** thefe excellent difcourfes of his, he hath only rran- *' fcribed his own pradice. All the rules-, which ** he hath given, he moft religioufly obferved him- " felf, and was very uneafy, when at any time \\t *' fawthem tranfgreffed by others in his company.'* The laborious office of editor of fuch voluminous writings as thofe of Dr. Barrow, undertaken by one, who had many years before appeared himfelf to fo much advantage as an original writer, was as clear an evidence of the modefty, as it was of the frienddiip of the Dean : And yet his oWn merit has- been fometimes attempted to be lellened by a fug- geftion, ftarted perhaps through envy, and propa- gated through hafte and inadvertency, that great pari of his excellence as a preacher was owing to his 3 ^^ Archbijlxp cf Ci\uitth\x\)\ i-o.i ufe of the works oF his friend. But not to infill ou che prodigious difFcrcnce of their manner and (lile, the Qightell attention to the chronology of the hves of thofe great. men is fufficient to confute fuch a fu- fpicion. For Dr. Tillotson was eminent in his prokfTion as early as the year 1663, and had given the piibhcthe firil volume of his fermons in 1671, in which the firft and only fermon publifhed by Dr. Barrow appear*d ; the imprcirion of that upon ths pajjion of our Sa-uiour not being finifhed ac his death. Nor had the latter leifure to apply himfclf thoroughly to. theological fludies, being engaged in thofe of a very different kind, till his refignatiun of the Luca- fian profcirorfliip qf mathematics at Cambridge 01,1 the fcith of November 1670, to his immortal pupil, Mr. .Isaac Newton . Dr. Benjamin Whichcot, Vicar of St. Lau- rencejeiz!ry., dying in iV/^j of this year 1683 in the 73d year of his age, at the houfe of Dr. Cudworth, Mafter of ,Chrijr.s-Colkge Cambridge., the Dean preach'd on tlie 24th of that month a fermon at his funeral, worthy both of himfelf and his deceafed friend ,; who wanted indeed no other memorial than liis own writings, one volume of which, intitled Selc5l difccurfes^ v/as publifhed by the Earl of Sbaftf- bury^ author of the Chara^ferijlics in 169S, three others by Dr. John Jeffery, Archdeacon of A^r- %'Acb in 1701 and 1702, and a fifth by D.^. Samuel Clarke. The difcovery of the Rye-haufe plot, in June the fame year 1683, opened a very melancholy fcene^ in which the Dean had a large fliare of diftrefs, on account both of his friendfliips and his concern tor the public. One of the principal objects of his lul- iicitude and anxiety was William Lord Russel, eldeft fon of William Earl, and after the revolu- tion Duke, of Bedford. His Lordlhip having fhewn io warm a zeal for the bill of Exclufion, which lie H 3 had 102 I'he Life of Dr. John Tillotsow, had moved for in the houfe of Commons in the be- ginning of November 1680, had little reafon, not- withdandingthe integrity of his own perfonal cha- rader, and the dignity and weight of his family and its connecflions, to expeft any favour from the court. He was committed to the Tower on the 26th of Jtins, and brought to his trial at the Old Baily on Friday the 13th of July^ where he was found guilty of high treafon. The Dean appear'd as a witnefs for 'his Lordiliip's character at his trial, declaring, that he had been many years paft ac- quainted with him, and had always judg'd him a perfon of great virtue and integrity, and very far trom any fuch wicked defign, as he flood charg'd with. And after Lord Russel's condemnation, the Dean and Dr. Burnet were fent for by his Lordlhip, and they both continued their attend- ance upon him till his death •, the day before which, the Dean deliver'd to him a letter, in which he en- deavour'd to perfuade him to what he had fome days before in vain attempted, a declaration againft the lawfulnefs of refiftance. This letter, which was a few days after, contrary to the writer's inclina- tion, publifhed to the world, as it has been often fince, was in thefe terms : " My Lord, Was heartily glad to fee your Lordfiiip this morning in that calm and devout temper at *' receiving the Sacra.ment. But peace of mind, " unlefs it be well-grounded, will avail little. And becaufe tranficnt difcourfe many times hath little cffecl for v/anr of time to weigh and confider it, therefore in tender compaflion of your Lordfhip's cafe, and from all the good-v/ill, that one man can bear to another, I do humbly otter to your Lordfhip's deliberate thoughts thefe following *' confidcrations concerning the point of refiftance, *' if c; I Archbijlop c/^ Canterbury. 103 ** if our religion and rights fliould be invaded, as ** your Lordlhip pucs the cafe, concerning which I *' underllood by L)r. Burnet, that your Lordfliip *' had once received fatisiadtion, and am lorry to " find a change. " Firll:, that the Chriftian religion doth plainly " forbid the refillance of authority. " Secondly, that tho' our religion be eftr.blifhed •' by law, (which your Lordlhip argues as a diffcr- " ence between our cafe and that o^ the primitive '* Chriftians) yet in the fame law, which ellabliflies •' our religion, it is declared, that it is not lawful upon any pretence ivhatfoever to take up armSy &c. Befides chcU, there is a particular law declaring the power of the militia to be folely in the King. And this ties the hands of fubjeds, tho' the law " of nature and the general rules of Scripture had *' left us at liberty, which I believe they do not, be- ** caufe the government dnd peace of human fociety " could not well fubfifl: upon thefe terms. " Thirdly, your LordHiip's opinion is contrary " to the declared doctrine of all Proteftant churches. *' And tho' fomc particular perfons have thought *' orherwifc, yet they have been contradicted herein, " and condemned for it, by the generality of Pro- " tellants. And I begof your LordHiip to confidcr, " how it will agree with an avowed ailerting ot the " Proteftant religion, to go contrary to the general " dodlrine of the Proteftants. " IVIy end in this is to convince your Lordlhip, " that you are in a very great and dangerous miftake ; " and being fo convinc'd, that, which before was a " fin of ignorance, will appear of a much more hei- " nous nature, as in truth it is, and call for a very ■' particular and deep repentance ; which if your " Lordfhip fincerely exercife upon the figh: of your '* error, by a penitent acknowledgment ol' it to Goo '; and men, you will not only obtain forgivenefs of H 4 God, 1 04 ^he Life of Dr. JoH nTillotsok, *' God, but prevent a mighty fcandal to the re- " formed rehgion. <' I am very ]oth to give your Lorddiip any dif- *' quiet in thediftrefs you are in, whicii I commi- *' ferate from my heart ; but am much more con- *' cerned, that you do not leave the world in a delu- V fion apd falfe peace, to the hindrance of your e- *' ternal happinefs. *' I heartily pray for you, and befeech your L.ord- " Ihip to believe, that 1 am, with the greateft fince- " rity and compafllon in the world, ** My Lord, July 20. *' Your Lordfhip's mod 1683. " faithful and afflicted fervant, *•'- John Tillot:,on.'' The principles of this letter were the ground of thofe expreffions, which he us'd in his prayer with his Lordfhip on the fcaffold in Lincclns-lnn-jieldsy on Saturday the 21ft oi July ; *' Grant that all we, *' who furvive, by this and other inftances of thy " providence, may learn cur duty to God and the ," King." And this prayer, as well as his letter, were confider*d by the court as fuch a fandion to their favourite dodrines and meafures, that Mr. Ro- GEH L'FsT RANGE was furnifhed witji copies of them, inferted by him in his Copfiderations upon a pruned J]j££t^ entiudcd^ The fpeech of the late Lord RyssEL to the flieriffs*-, in which he gives an ac- count of the Dean's pious and friendly vijits to his Lordfnip", ar.d commends him" /or di/charging Ipimfelf from firjl to Lifi in all the parts of a church- man and of d friend' But what pifs'd in his attendance upon Lord RussEL, and the motives and circumttances of his writing - Printed at L.rJon^ if^J, in 4'o, /. 49, ;o, 51. ^ P.^j. [' P, aZ, AC., Archhipop o/' Canterbury. i©^ writing that letter, will be bcft learn'd from the Dean's own examination after the revolution, before a committee ot the tloufe of Lords % appointed on the 2d of November 16S9, to confider, who were the advifers and profccutors of the murthers of the Lord RussEL, Colonel Sidn'ev, Sir Tiio. Arm- STRONTG, and others ; and who were the advifers of jlTuing OLit writs of ^to wnrranto's againd corpora- rations J and who were their regulators ; and alfo who were the public affertors of the difpcnfing power. The Dean being fummon'd, among others, to attend this committee, was examin'd on the i8th of Noveniher 1609, and inform'd their Lordfhips, that he wtote a letter to the Lord Russel the day before his Lordfhip's death, and Ihew'd it to the Lord Hallifax the evening on which he wrote it •, and that he v/rote it merely of himfeh ; but did not publifh it, the publication of it being much againit his will ; nor did he know by what order it was publifh'd. That Dr. Burnet coming from the Lord Russel, had told him, that he belicv'd he had brought his Lordfliip to a willingntfs to declare his fatislaclion in that point, to which the letter relates \ and defired him, the Dean, to go to the Lord Hal- lifax, and acquaint him with it, that his Lordfhip might mitigate the thing to the King, and lb be a means to fave the Lord Kussel's lite. Lord Hal- lifax promiftd the Dean to do it, and the next day faid he had done it, and that the King feemed to be more moved with it, than by any thing elle, that he had faid before. On the Ihurfuay after the Dean waited on the Lord Russel, and told him, that he was very glad to hear, that his Lordfhip was fo well fdtisiied on that point, hoping he would im- prove it to his advantage : but his Lordfhip's an- fwcr was, that he was not fo clearly convinced in that matter. The Dean in reply told his Lordlhip, that he * Journal of :he houfe of Lords. 2o6 T^he Life of Dr, John Tillotson, he was very forry for it, becaufe the melFage had been carried to the King, that his Lordlhip was convinc*d of it, and would declare it at his death ; for fo he had been inform'd. His Lordfhip laid, that Dr. Burnet had difcourfed much with him about it, and that he was willing to be convinced, but yet could not fay, that he abfolutely was. The Dean was much troubled at this for his own fike, as well as his LordChip's, becaufe he had been the occafion ot fending a melTiige to the King, which feemed to contradid him. Hereupon the next day, which was Friday^ he wrote the letter, which he carried with him to Lord Russel, fearing, that being fo near the time of his fuftering, his relations would be with his Lordfliip, and fo he might not have the oppor- tunity of fpeaking with his Lordfhip himfelf. But when he came, he found none there with him but his Lady. He told his Lordfiiip what he intended, that fince his time was fo very fliort, he rather chofe to give him that letter, than to trouble him with a long difcourfe. His Lordfl-iip receiving it, rofe up, ' and went into an inner room, and after (laying there fome time, upon his return told the Dean, that he had read the letter, and was willing to be convinc'd, but could not fay, that he was fo •, and that it was not a time to trouble himfelf with politics \ but that though he v/as in an error, yet being willing to be convinc'd, he hoped that God would forgive him. To which the Dean anfwer'd, that he hoped fo too ; and after a little difcourfe of that matter, told his Lordfhip, he would trouble him about it no more : nor did he ; but after his Lordfliip came out of the room, he gave the Dean his letter again ; who upon leaving his Lordlhip went to the Lord Hallifax, ■whom he told, that he was forry, that he had bcgg'd his Lordmip's favour to employ himfelf in themei- iagc to the King, not finding the Lord Russel fo iuliy fatiSiicd, as Dr. Burnet beli-jved he was, though Archbi/Jxp of Canterbury. 1 07 though he had endeavour'd to give his Lordfhip l.itistadion in the matter, and had written a letter to that purpDfe, which he delivered into his own hands himlelf. He then Ihewed the letter to Lord Hal- LiFAX, andjuft as he began to read it, one of his Lordfhip's fervants came in, and told him, that a torcign or Spanijh Embaflador was coming in. Upon which the Dean told the Lord Hallifax, that he muft leave the letter with his Lordlhip. The next day, buing that of the Lord Russel's fuffering, the Dean attended him on the fcaffold, and did not Ipeak with the Lord Hallifax till fome days after •, and the reafon, why he applied to his Lordfliip before, was, becaufe he believed that his Lordfhip would do the Lord Pv-jssel all the good he could. The day after that Lord's death, the Dean was command- ed to appear at the Cabinet-council, which he did ; and there the King, the Duke of York, the Lord keeper North, the Duke of Ormond, the Lord Hallifax, the Lord Rochester, andSir Leoline Jenkins, were prefent. The King afked the Dean, wiiether he had any hand in the paper, which was pubhfli'd in the Lord Russel's name : to which he anfwered, that he had not. After which his Ma- jefty feemed to be fatislied. The next day Mr. Roger. L'Est range came to the Dean, and told him, that he was order'd to fhew him a letter, and afl^'d him, whether it was his, or no. The Dean having given no copy of his letter, though he kept one in fhort-hand, defired Mr. L'Estrange to read the letter, which hefliewed him ; and when he read it, the Dean told him that it was his, except two or three words, which he fhew'd Mr. L'Eftrange to alter. He believ'd, that copy was in that gentle- man's hand- writing, and told him, that he vvas very forry, that it was to be publifli'd ; and that if it were in his own power, it fhould not. Some day in the week follov/ing, the firft time he fpoke with the seS TZv Life of Dr. John Tjllotson^ the Lord Hallifax, he a{lp tims'i he obferves, that upon bis being lent ior by thai * Communicated to ir.e by the riglit lionorable the Lord C n A R L E ■; t .\ \- £ N 0 1 ^ ;.' , gVandiaii to tiic Lo: d R u s s ^; l . " ■'5 \'o\. 1. /. :62. I Archhip.'op c/ Canterbury. 109 that Lord, on- Mctjday July i6th 1683, ^'^^ thought,, that by the ground, which he had gain'd in difcourf- ing upon the iubjcct of rcfiftance,' it would be ealy to perluade his Lordfliip, that it was abfolutely un- lawful i tho' indeed he went no farther at hrll than he did at lad. However the Doctor thinking, that .._ ftep, which hisLordiliip had made, gave farther hopes, told the Dean, that he believed, that his Lordfhip was convinced of that point. Lord Kus- SEL perfilling in his former opinion, notwithftanding the endeavours of the Dean and Do(5lor to alter it, added to the fpeech, which he Vv'as compofing, the following pafiage, not now extant in the printed copy : *' For my part, I cannot deny, but I liave " been of ooinion, that a free nation like this mis;hc *' defend their religion and liberties, when invaded, *' and taken from them, tho' under pretence and *' colour of law. But fomc eminent and worthy ** divines, who have had the charity to be often " with me, and whom I valut; and clleem to a very " great degree, have ctiered m.e v/eighty reafons to *' perfuade me, that faith and patience are the pro- " per v/ays for the prekrvation of religion, and the " method of th:f gofpei is to fulrcr perfc-cution rather *» than toufe refiltance. But if I have finned in this, I *' hope God will not lay it to my charge, fince ha ** knowf. it was only a fin of ignorance." This being read to the Dean on Fj'iday morning July 20th, he was forry to find it fo dtfedtive •, but not having then kifure to fpeak to Lord Russel of it, lie return'd in the afternoon, and prcfs'd his Lordfliip very ear- neftiy to deliver himfelf more iuUy in that matter, and gave him a paperconcerning.it ; andashecam.e out, meeting: Dr. Burn-et, dehred him to urge the point home to his Lordfhip, and either to carry him farther, or to ftrike out the v/hcle paragraph above- cited, fince the conclufion of it was lo cold ; and wilhed, that the nrll part of i: might be quire lefc out. no TZj^ !///> ^Z)r. John Till QT SON, out. The Doftor accordingly difcourfing Lord Rus- S£L again upon the affair, his Lordfliip anfwered, that he could not fay a Jie, and he was fure, that the Dr. would notdefire it; and he wasfure, if he wentfarther, he muft needs lie. He faid, that he had not leifure now to (ludy politics. That the notion, which he had of the laws and of the Englijh government, was dif- ferent from that of the two divines -, yet he faid, fo tar did he fubmit to them, and to the reafons which they h^d offer'd him, that he was willing to go fo far as he had done, but he could not go farther without being difingenuous. And whcnatlafttheDr.propofed the fupprcffing of the whole paragraph, he was very well farisfied, and faid that his chief reafon for put- ting it in, was to prevent any inconveniency, that might arife to them. There is another account of the occafion of the writing the letter to Lord Russel, and the circum- flances of its publication, publilhM by Mr. Ech ard % who pretends it to have been taken from the Dean*s own mouth. This will be found indeed contradictory ' in feveral points to his own examination, inferted a- bove -, but as it fupplies fome few particulars not men- tioned in that examination, efpecially as to what paf- fed wJien he was called before the King in council, it may not be improper to give the whole here. Two days before Lord Russel's death. Dean TiLLOTSON going to attend upon him, was fuddenly ftopp'd in the Ifreet by Dr. Bu rnet, who told him, that lie had now fome good hope of faving his Lordfliip*s life, the main impediment of which be- ing his avow'd principle, that refiilance was in fome cafes lawful, he had convinced him of his miftake, and that he was ready to own his error in it. He therefore dcfired the Dean to go immediately to the Earl of Hallifax^ and acquaint him with it, who would thereupon go again to the King, and ufe his utmoU endeavours to obtain Lord Russel's pardon. The ^ Appendix to hi: hiftory of England, /. 18. Archhifiop ^Canterbury. 1 1 1 The Dean wcnr, and cleliver'd his mefllige to the Earl of Hallifax ; but calling upon Lord Russel in Ntivgnte upon his return, was very much llirprifcd and troubled to find him under no iuch convidion, as Dr. Burnet had haltily believ'd and reported him to be. The Dean vex'd and uneafy at what he had done, and willing to clear himfelf alter the beft manner, refolved the next day to try what he could to bring his Lordfliip tolbme change in his opinion. But it being the lall day before the appointed execu- tion, and not knowing whether hefliould be able to lee his Lordfhip alone, he wrote the letter to him, and look it in his pocket, refolving, it he could not difcourfe with him, to defire him to read and confider it. He finding his Lordfhip alone, told him what he had done, and gave the letter to him, who read it with great deliberation, and acknowledg- ed to him, that he had therein offered more to con- vince him, than he had ever met with before : That he was now fatisfied nothing but a cafe of a very extraordinary nature could juftify fjbjeds in taking up arms againft their prince : That he was fully of opinion, that no fuch caufe had been given by the King to juftify any fuch attempt againft him. But ftill he thought fuch circumftances there might be, in which it would be lawful for them to refift. Being afk'd by the Dean, what thefe cafes were, he anfwered, that he had not confidered the matter {o far and fully, and that he had other things more pro- per to be thought on at that time. On that fame evening the Dean waited upon the Earl o^ Hallifax^ to account to him whatmiftake he had been led into, and what he liad done upon it i and the better to juftify himielf, fhewed him the very letter he had written to the Lord Russel. WhUe that Lord was reading it. Sir Thomas Clarges came in, and after a little time the Dean took leave of the Earl, who put the letter into his pocket, and promifed to be an- fwerabic i 1 2 The Life of Dr, John Tillotson, fwerable for it. But in the mean time Sir Thomas hot only found an opportunity to read it, but to take a copy of it : and from that copy (and it is thought by his means) it wasfoon after printed. On the evening of the next day, when Lord Russel was executed, the Dean was fent for to the Cabinet- council, and carefully examined touching that Lord's behaviour before and at his death. The King par- ticularly commended the Dean's letter, and wonder- ed what could be faid to it. He told his Majefty the Lord Russel^s opinion, that fuch circumftan- ces there might be, in which it would be lawful to refill ; and farther intimated, astho' it was his own, that it was not impoflible to find out a cafe of excep- tion, tho' he would not prefently pretend to fpecify it. The Duke of York, who was willing to be- lieve there was none, with fome warmth urg'd him to name the cafe, and not being fatisfied, the King more mildly faid, " Brother, the Dean fpeaks like ^"^ an honell man, prefs him no farther." After which he informed his Majefty, that Lord Russel had declared to him, that he was perfuaded, that the King had never done any thing to jufcify any one in rebelling againft him : That he had never any fuch thought himfeif, and kept company with thofe un- happy men, only to prefcrve the Duke of Monmouth from being led into any raQi undertaking by them,-- and more particularly the Earl of Shaftejbiiry. Being then afl'c'd, why Lord Russel did not difcover their defign to the King ? his anfwer was, that that Lord had faid, he could not betray his friends, nor turn informer againfb them, while he faw there was rio danger : But if things had come to a crifis, he would have contrived fomc notice to have been given the King of it ; and in cafe of violence, would him- feif have been ready to oppofe them with his fword in his hand. The King himfeif confirmed the truth of the greatefi; part of this account, and in conclu- fion ArMiJJjop of CAHicThury, 115 fion liiiJ, James (meaning thcDukt oi Momactub) has to'd me the far,:-: thing. The lirmnel's of Lord Russei. in refiifing the only means of purchafing his hie from an exafpcratcd court, by the Icull retraiflation of an opinion, of whicli his confcience was thoroughly pci luadcd, is the Itrongefl: proof of that integrity and virtue, which gave him fo much weight and influence in his own time, and have cndear'd him topofterity, being,asSir William Temple, no enemy to the prerogative, acknowledges % *' a perfon in general repute of an *^ honcft worthy gentleman, without tricks, or pri- " vate ambition." Dr. Sprat, Bifhop of Rg- chejier^ in his True acccunt and declaration of the hor- rid CQiifpiracy agaii^Jl King Ci-iarles II. by whofe order it was written, though not publilli'd till under his fuccefibr, has indeed defcrib'd his Lordfhip, *' as a perfon carried away beyond his duty and al- " legiance, into this traiterous enterprife, by a vaia *' air of popularity, and a wild fufpicion of lofing *' a great eftate by an imaginary return of Popery'." But this very writer declared afterwards, in his Se- cofid letter to the Earl of Dorfet, dated March 26, 1689, that he lamented his Lordfliip's fall, after he was fully convinc'd by difcourfe with the Dean of Cantti'bury, of his great probity^ and co'iijlant ab- horrence of falJJjcod. And thefe were qualities, which his Lordlhip's excellent Lady, Rachel, fecond daughter of that great and worthy flatef- man, Thomas Wriothesley, Earl ot South' amptoft, Lord-High-Trcafurer after the Rellora- tion till his death, rcprefcnts as peculiarly eminent in him in her letters, of which a large coUeftion ii flill extant, written with an uncommon force of ilyle and fentimtnt. In one of them to Dr. Joh.v FlTZ- ' Menujirs, p. iiz ' P. 21- Edit, 1685- /J. i 114- ^he Life of Dr. John TiLLOtsoN, FiTz-WiLLiAP^s, a Divine, for whom fhe had a great efteem and friend fliip % dated July 21, 1685, a few days after the defeat and death of the Duke o{ Monmouth, fhe declares her opinion, that his Grace's defign had no connexion with any, in which Loid RussEL might be fuppofed to be engaged, and of which fiie was convinced he was innocent. " I take this late wild attempt, fays Jloe, to be a *' new projec?: not depending on, or being hnkt in " tiie lead to any former defign, if there was then " any real one, which I am i'atisfied was not, no " more than my ov/n Lord confefs'd, talk •, and, " it is poffible, that talk going fo far as to con- " fider, if a remedy to fuppofed evils might be " fo'jfrht, how it could be formed. . . He had fo " juft a foul, fo firm, fo good, he could not warp " from fuch principles, that were fo, r.nlefs mif- " guided by his underftanding, and that his own, '' not another's : for I dare fay, as he could dif- *' cern, he never went into any thing confiderable, " upon the mere fubmiflion to any one's particular *' judgment." But whatever honour Lord Russel might gain by his inflexibility againftdifov/ning the principle of refiflance, the Dean of Canterbury and Dr, Bup.net have been fevercly cenfur'd for urging him fo flrongly oil that topic. It is not improbable, that neither of them had then fuSciently confider'd the point, with fo much attention and exaclnefs, as the lubfequent meafures of that reign, and the whole fcries of ccridufl of the following one, neccflarily led them to do. The Doctor indeed informs u? % that, tho* the Dean v.'as rcflrained by fome parti- cular cor.fiderations from mentioning in liis letter to hisLofdrnip the cafe of a total fubverfon of the cc:i- ^ He had been Ciiaplain to her father, as he w.is afterwards to the Duke of 'tork, Reiflor of Cottevhani in CatnbriJgiJ/^ite, and Canon ci' I'i-inrljor, which preferments lie loll afccr tl.c revo- lution, upon his rL-fufai of the oaths. " Rtfieclions, p. 3S, ^2. anJ p. 90. Archblfl:op of Canterbury. 1 1 f conflitution, which he thought would juftify refin- ance J yet he did not dccHnc to explain himfclf in that way, as often as there was occtiiion tor it ; and only ditier'd from Lord Russel in opinion wit!i regard to the attempts already made upon the co:x- ftitution, which he did not think juft grounds of re- fiftance ; nor that remote fears and confequences, to- getl"ver with illegal praLlices, would authorife it : Whereas his Lordiliip declared, that upon this hy- pothefis " he did not fee a difference between a le- " gal and 2iTnrkjPj government ; anil that in cafe of " a total fubverfion, it would be too late to refid." His Lordfnip's opinion upon the fubjed: of refi fi- ance was jultitied by his Chaplain, Mr. Samuel Johnson, in a paper written loon after •, the im- preflion of which was feiz'd at the fame time witii his addrefs to King James li's army, tho' not in- tended to be publilh'd at that time. The defign of this paper was to fliew, tliat rejifiance may be ujed in cafe our religion and rights floould he inz-aded, as an anfwer to the Dean's letter to his Lordfhip ; and it is reprinted among Mr. Johnson's iv:;rks "^^ who obferves, that this opinion could not be wrcftcd from his Lordihip at his death, notwithllanding the difadvantages, at which he was taken, " when hn " was practifed upon to retrafl that opinion, and '* to bequeath a legacy offlavery to his country." And indeed the Dean was fo apprehenfr/e of Lady Russel's difpleafure at his prefling his Lordihip, tho' with the belt intentions, upon that fubject, that when he was fir it admitted to her after her Lord's death, he is faid to have addrefs'd her in this manner, that he firft thanked God, and then her Ladylhip, ior that opportunity of juftifying himfelf to her : and they foon returned to the terms of a cordial and unreferved friendfhip. In 1684 the Dean performed again the office of an editor in the publication of the firll volume, I 2 ■ ■ fallowed - P.1S9. ll<) The Life of Dr. John TilloTson, followed the next year by a fecond, of DrfcourfeSi full of excellent fentiments in a ftrong, clearj and unaffefted flyle, from the manufcript notes of his friend Dr. Hezekiah Burton, who had, by the Dcaii'sintereft with the Chapter of 5/. P^«/'s,been fei* tied in the redtory q{ Barnes in Surry about a year be- fore his death, which was occafioned by a malig- nant fever in Augujl or September 1681. lie had been educated in Magdalen-College in Cambridge^ of which he was Fellow, and an eminent tutor there, and was incorporated in the degree of Mafter of arts in the univerfity of Oxford July i ith 1654 "". Entering into holy orders, he was ordain'd prieft by Dr. Robert Sanderson on the 13th of Fe- bruary i66t, at the church of St. Botolph Alderf- gate ^ ; and upon the advancement of Sir Orlan- do Bridge man, who had been educated in the fame college, to the poft of Lord-keeper from that of Lord-chief-juftice of the Common-pleas, upon the difgrace of the Earl of Clarendon in 1667, was appointed Chaplain to his Lordfhip, by whom he was prefented to a Prebend of ISlorwich in O^obcr the fame year, and to the Reflory of 6"^ George^ in Southwark^ which he refign'd after he v/as prefented to that of Barnes. His great modefty prevented him from publifliing any thing in his life time, ex- cept the fliort Jlhquium ad le^orew, prefix'd to the excellent treatife De legibus nature of Dr. Cumber* land, afterwards Bifhop of Felcrborcugh^ who had been his Fellow-collegiate and Fellow-chaplain. The Dean has given us his character in the preface to the hrfb volume of his Difcourfes, which, tho* they want the exaflnefs, that they would have had, if they had been defign'd and prepar'd for the prefs by the author's own hand, yet have the per- fedlion chiefly aimed at by him, being well fitted to do good, and to make the reader wifer and better. For ^ Wood. Fafli Oxon, I'ol. II. col. 107. ^' Ken net's regifter and chronicle, p- 37$. ArchbiJl:opofCM\icihnxy. iij For Dr. Burtom thoroughly undcrftood the nature of religion, the cxcellc-nc defign, and the happy effects of it, where it is fincercly embraced and en- tertain'd •, and \\t knew how to dillinguilli genuine and fubdantial piety from that which is counter- feit and fuperficial. lie had hkewife a juft and lively fenfe of the vaft concernment and import- ance of religion, both to the private and public, the prcfcnt and future, the temporal and eternal happinefs of mankind i which made him feek out all lorts of arguments to convince them of the abfo- lute neceffity and unfpeakable advantages of religion, and all kinds ot motives and inducements to pcr- fuade and allure them to the pradice of it ; that fo, by one confideration or other, he might take hold of all capacities and tempers of men. His virtues and good qualities were as eminent as his abilities and learning, particularly his great piety towards God, the native fimpiicity of his mind and man- ners, the fingular kindnefs of his converfadon, and his chearful readinefs to every good work. And the public fuftained an irreparable iofs by the death of him in the ripenefs of his age, when he was ca- pable of doing the greateft fervice to the church of God, " and in a time, adds the Dean, when he " was moll likely to have contributed confiderably " to it, as being by the incomparable fweetnefs of " his temper, and prudence of his behaviour, ad- " mirably fitted to allay thofe heats, which then *• began to break out, but are fince blown up to ^ *' all the degrees of a violent and implacable en-» " mity, by the fkill and induftry of a crafty and *' reftlefs party among us, playing upon our wcak- '< nefs, and perfuading us to receive odious names " of diftindion, and to fling them like fquibs and '*■ ii re- balls at one another, to make the Phl'ijiines, 'vfport." The acceffion of King James II. to the throne, ccv the 6rh q{ Feint ary i684» was foon followed I 3 v/ith. 1 1 8 T^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, with fuch a profpe6t of danger to the religion and liberties of the nation, as filled the Dean with the deeped concern for both -, tho* in the event the im- prudence and violence of the meafures piirfiied by that prince defeated his defigns againft them •, a conftquence forei'een by the wifer perfons of his own religion. For Madam de Maintenon com- plain'd ^ at the very time, that the Jefuits had pre- cipitated things too much ♦, their zeal being more commended by Father de la Chaise than their prudence. And Monf. Gourville, a man of great credit in the court of Fra?ice, being aflved by Madam Hamilton, afterwards Duchefs of 'Tyr- eonnel^ then going to England, what anfwer fhe Ihould return for him to the King, who would afk her what he faid of the great progrefs, which he was making for the re eftablifhment of the Roman- Catholic religion in that kingdom, he defir'd her to tell the King, that if himfelf was Pope, his Ma- jefty Vv'ould have been excommunicated before that- time, fince he v/as going to ruin all the Catholics in Eiigland : And tho' what had been lately done in France might probably be his model, yet the cafe was very different -, and that a better plan for him to have followed would have been, to have contented himfelf with favouring the Catholics upon all occa- fions, and fo increafing their numbers, and to leave to his fuccelTors the tafk of reducing England by degrees under the Papal authority '. The Dean*s Df/courfe a^awfi; tranfuhjiantiat'icn^ printed towards the end of King Charles IPs life, and of which tlie fourth edition appeared in 1685, began the debate upon that doflrine, and gave oc- cafion to feveral tracls on both fides of the queftion, publifhed during the controvcrfy with the Papifts, • * - - which " In a letter of ."^r-/^. 5. j6S8. Lettrcs dc Madame de Main- TENON, Tom. I. p. 210. Edit. 1752. * Memoircs de Monf. de GcuRViiLE, Torn, II. p. 254.. /"i'V/. Paris 172 ■. in is". ArchbiJJjop cj Canterbury. 1 1 9 which fubfifted through the reft of the fnort, but unhappy reign of King James, and produced fo many pieces, that the vail collc6lion publifh'd a few years ago, in three volumes in ioHo, under the diredion of Dr. Gibson Bilbop of Loni'on^ is only a part of tliofe written by the Proteftant. j and even the catalogues of them drawn up by Dr. Wake, afterwards Archbifhop o^ Canlerhiiry^ and Dr. Gee, Dean of Lincoln and Prebendary ot JVefimivJlcr^ and the lateft by Mr. Francis Peck, are delicti ve in the tides of them. The moft confiderable of thcfc pubUfh'd againfl: the Deanof C<5;;/cr<^<7ry's Difcourfcs were the two following, the former intitled, Jran- [uhftantiation defended and proved from Scriplure^ in anfjoer to the firji part of a treatife v?litled, A difcourfe againll tranfubftantiation . ibe fiifl part j publifhed ivith allouuance, London 1687 in 4to. the fecond part of which never appear'd. The latter was publifli'd there the fame year in the fame form, under the title of an anfwer to A difcourfe againft tranfubftantiation ; the author of which in his ;«- trodi'Mion fays, that lie thought himfelf oblig'd in Chriftian duty to endeavour a difcovery of the Dean's "minning artifices, and a rcntoval of Lis plaufihle ap- pearances in that difcourfr. In the beginning {;>{ March \G%\ juft after the acceffion of King James to the crown, was pub- lirti'd a Difcourfe agair.fi Purgatory, printed at Lon- don in four flieets in 4to. This was then reported to be written by the Dean, and the tranflation of it gave fuch offence in France, that it was foon after publicly burnt there. But Mr. Wood ^ who men- tions, that this difcourfe had been afcrib'd to Dr. TiLLOTsoN, has placed it among the writings of Mr. John Hartcliffe. The Dean had now a new reafon for his zeaUgainft the church oi' Rome, befides thofe of a more general I 4 and • Allien. Oxon. FoL.IJ. col. 1130. 120 ^be Life of Dr. John Tillotson, and public nature ; and it was founded upon this incident. His triend Mr. Nelson, who had re- turn'd from his travels abroad in the beginning of Augujl 1682, had coiitraded there an acquaintance with Lady Theophila Lucy, widowof Sir Kings- .MiLL Lucy of Broxburn in Utrtfordjhire, Bart, and iecond daughter ot Gi op. oe Earl of Berkley ; who foon difcover'd a ftrong paffion for him. This concluded in a marriage after their arrival in Eng- land \ but it was feme time before fhc confefs'd to Mr. Nelson the change of her religion, which was owing to her converfations at Rome with Cardinal Philip Howard, who was grandfon of Thomas Earl of Arundel, the collector of the antiquities, and had been rais'd to the purple by Pope Cle- ment X. in May 16 J c^. Nor was this important alteration of her religious fentiments confin'd to her own mind, but involv'd in it her daughter by her firft huiband, whom fhe drew over to her new religion -, and her zeal for it prompted her even to, engage in the lifts of the public controverfy then depending *, for flie is the fuppos'd author ot a piece printed in 16S6 in 4to, under the title of A difcourfe £once7-m!2g n judge of controverfy in matters of religion^ Jheiving the necejfily of fiich a judges a point, the full confideration ot which afterwards recover'd another of her own fex, and one of its greateft ornaments, Mrs. Cockburne% from the Romifh profeffion, into v/hich 9['Jt had been feduc'd in her early years. The Dean's concern for this unhappy ftcp of Lady Theophila occafion'd him, among other means of reclaiming her, to write to her a letter of confidera- bic length upon that fubje^l, which is unfortunately milling among the papers of her hullvind •, but is remenibei'd to have concluded to this purpofe j that he did not doubt, but that her Ladyfhip wasas much * Liie of Mrs. CATKtRTNE CncKBURNE, f xx'X. prefix^'i to ihe firfl volume oi her v\ork^, priuttd at Lsndan 175 f, in 8vO' ArchbiJJ:op of Canterbury. 1 2 1 much wearied in reading To long a letter, as himfclf was in writing it •, and that fhe might imagine, that his time lay heavy upon his hands ; but the truth was, that every thing, which related to Mr. Nel- son, lay lb near his heart, that he could not fay lefs upon fuch an occafion. But the ftrength of her prejudices was luperior to the goodnefs ot hiscaufe, and the abilities of fo able an advocate j and not- withftanding the endeavours of Mr. Nelson, who was himfelf wellin{lru6led in that caufe, as appears from a tra(St of his printed in 1687 in 4to, and in- titled, Tranfiibjlantiation contrary to fcripture -, or the Protejiant's anfwer to the feeker's requeji ; yet (he continued in the communion of the church oi Rome till her death in 1705. The perfecution of the Proteftants in France, be- gun fome years before, but now carried to its height by the repeal of the edi(5t of Nantes in O^oher 1685, was not only a fefli proof to the Dean of the genu- ine fpirit of unreftrain'd Popery, but an occafion of exerting his own piety and humanity towards tliofediftrelVd perfons, whoefcap'd thence to Eng- land^ and had the peculiar recommendation of fuf- fering for religion. King Charles II. had as early as the year 16S2 granted briefs for collefting money for the relief of thefe refugees •, and his example was afterwards followed by his fucceflbr, who pretended on all occafions a tendernefs and moderation in mat- ters of religion, or more probably was in this cafe influenc'd by motives of policy for the fake of ad- ding induftrious and ufeful people to his kingdom. The granting of thefe briefs gave the Dean an op- portunity of Ihewing his regard for the perfecuteil French Proteftants, by promoting the contributions in their favour. And the warmth of his zeal upon this occafion is evident from an anfwer, which he return'd to Dr. Beveridge, one of the Preben- daries of his cathedral, who from a coolnefs to- Wi^rds foreign Proteftants, or an unnecefiary fcru- 2 pie 122 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson^, pie with refpedt to forms even in affairs of weight and fubftance, had objefted to the reading of one of thefe briefs there, as contrary to the rubric. The Dean's reply was fhort and fignificant, " Doflor, " Doclor, charity is above rubrics." The friendrtiip between the Dean and Lady Rus- SEL was cultivated by a frequent corrcfpondence of letters during their abfence, fome of which will be found in the courfe of this Life of him . Her Lady- Hiip had written to him in 05loher 1685, in which letter {he mention'dthe fmall-pox having prov'd fa- tal to acoufin of hers, a niece of her coufin-german Monf. RuviGNY, afterwards Earl of G<2/u;^j, and General of the Englijh forces in Spain \ which young lady fhe fpcaks of in another letter to Dodtor Fitz- "WiLLiAMs, of the nth of 05iober, as a pattern to all who knew her. The Dean's anfwer was as iollows * : " CStterbury^ Novemher 21ft, 1685. ' " Honour'd Madam, HEN I look back upon the date of your Ladyfiiip's letter, I blufh to fee it hath lain by me fo long unanfwered. And yet I aiTure you no day pafil^th, in which your Ladyfhip and your children are net in my mind. But I know not how, in the hurry I am in, in London, one buiincfs prefieth fo hard upon another, that I have Icfs time for the things, to which I have moft inclination. I am now for a while got out '=' of the tumult and noife of that great city, and do '^ enjoy a little more repofe. « It * From a co]Ie(flJon of Archbifiiop Tillotson's letters to Lady Russe;,, in the poiTeilion of EdmuN'^, late Lord Biiliop of London., cojnijiunicated to mc by his Lordlhip's executor., the Lte Yir. L'l r r e s \v o r r H j Dean of the Arche?, and George GfB^oN, iifn; Archhif,:ol) of Canterbury. 123 " It was a grtat trouble to me to hear of the lad " lofs your dear friend fultain'd during his fhort '' Hay in England. But, in fome circumtlances, to " die is to hve. And that voice from heaven runs *' much in my mind, which St. John heard in his *' vifion of the laft (as I think) and niofl extreme '• perfecution, which fliould befal the faithiul fcr- " vants of God, before the final downfal of Baby- ** /. 126 — 12S pefxd tothefifjl 'u:lumeofbit\\Qr^t^}y London 1726, _/<>/. Jrcbbijlop of Canterbury. x 2 f 26th, i68-j-» he declares his full concurrence with Mr. Penn, in abhorring the two principles men- tioned by him, obedience upon authcrity voitbcut con- I'tclton, and dejhoyhig them that differ from us, J or God^s fake; and he athrms, that he had endeavour- ed to make it one o.t the governing principles of hi3 life, never to abate any thing of humanity or cha- rity to any man for his difference from him in opi- nion •, " and particularly, adds hCy to thofe of your ^* perfuafion, as feveral of them have had the ex- *' perience. I have been ready upon all occafions to •' do all ofHces of kindneis, being truly forry to fee " them lb hardly ufed ; and tho' I thought them " miltaken, yet in the main I believed them to be " very honeft." In November 16S7, he lofl: another of his daugh- ters, and the laft furviving of his children, Mary, the wife of James Chadwicke, Efq-, by whom (he left two fons, and a daughter. Ihis lofs, as he ob- ferved in a letter of the i ith of that month to Mr. Nelson, then in Loudon^ deeply pierced his heart % " but I endeavour, adds he, to do as becomes me, *' and as I know I ought." This misfortune pro- bably occafioned him to retire to Canterbury^ whence lie wrote again to that gentleman on the 7th of De- cember to return his owiy and his wife's thanks to him, and to thofe iKDnourable perfons, who, upon Mr. Nelson's motion, had been {o charitable in their contributions, moft probably to the French Pro- teftants in that city, fince he requelfshim to lay out five pounds in French bibles bound, and to defire Mr. Firm IN to fend them thither. Not Jong after this, the Dean was feiz'd with a diforder of the apopledtic kind ; but efcaped the confequences of it, without any return till the fatal one about feven years after. Under the impreflTions of this melancholy Ifroke, and the lofs of his daugh- ter n<5 The Life of Dr, John Tillotson, icr juft before, he was called upon himfelf to admi- nirier confolacion to an intimate and worthy friend, Mr. Nicholas Hunt o'i Canterbury^ lingering un- der the apprehenfions of death from an incurable cancer. This he did in a letter, which on account of the fubjeft, and the manner of treating it, as well as of the incorreclnefs of the copy of it lormerly printed, cannot be omitted here. " Edmcnton^ January 16th'' 168^. "SIR, ** "W" Am forry to underfiand by Mr. Janeway's " A ictter to my fon-in-law [Mr. Chadwicke] *' tnat your diftemper grows upon you, and that " you feem to decline fo faft. I am very fenfible " how much eafier it is to give advice againft " trouble in the cafe of another, than to take it *' in our own. " It hath pleafed God to exercife me of late with " a very fore trial in the lofs of my dear and only " child, in which I do perfectly fubmit to his good *' pleafure, firmly believing, that he always does " that, which is bed. And yet, though reafon be " fatisfied, our paffion is not fo foon appeafed ; " and vv'hen nature has received a wound, time muit *' be allovfc^ed for the healing of it. Since that, God ♦^ hath thought fit to give me a nearer fummons, " and a defer warning of my own mortahty in the ** danger of an apoplexy -, which yet, I thank God " for it, hath occafioned no very melancholy re- " flections. But this perhaps is more owing to na- " tural temper, than philofophy and v/ife confider- " ation. " Your ** Another copy, which I have feen, dates it tlie 26th. That printed in Dr. Josiah Woodward's Fair IVitrr.in^i to a ere- if/s WorU, p. 'zCAf., Sc 'Ic^ji. Edit. Londun, 17:7, »^vo. has no Date of the Month preLx'd to it. Archhlpop of Ciihterbury. 127 '* Your cafe, I know, is very different, who are " or" a temper naturally meLiiicholy, and under a *' diiicmper apt to incrcafe it ; iur both which great *' allowances ought to be made. And yet methinks *' both reafon and rehgion do offer us confidcrations *' of that folidity and ftrength, as may very well •' fupport our fpirits under all frailties and intirmi- *' tics of the flefli \ fuch as thefe : " That God is perfed iove and goodnefs : That " we are not only his creatures, but his children, *' and as dear to him, as to ourfelves : That he •* does not offli^ willingly, nor grieve the children of *' men ; and th::t all evils of afflictions, which be- *' fal us, are intended for the cure and prevention *' of greater evils of fin and puniihment ; and ** therefore we ought not only to fuhmit to thcni " with patience, as being deferved by us, but to re- *' ceive them with thankfulncfs, as being dcfigned " by him to do us that good, and to bring us to *< that fenfe of him and ourfelves, which nothing <* elfe perhaps would have done. That the fuffer- ♦* ingsof this prefent life are but fliort and light, *' compared with that extreme and endlefs miicry, »' which we have deferved, and with that exceeding ^* and eternal v/c^ight of glory, which we hope for *' in the other world. ' Tiiat if we be careful to make ♦' the heft preparations for death and eternity, ** whatever brings us nearer to our end, brings us " nearer to our happinefs ; and hov/ rugged foevcr «' the way be, the comfort is, that it leads us to our " Father's houfc, where we Ihall want nothing that *' we can wifh. When we labour under a danger- *' ous diftempcr, which threatens our life •, what ^' would we not be content to bear, in order to a per- *' fe6t recovery, could we but be affured of it ? And *' fhould we not be willing to endure much more ** in order to -perfect happinef«, and that eternal '' life, wfiich.GoD, that cannot lie, hath promifed ? 7 " Nature, 128 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " Nature, 1 know, is fond of life, and apt to be '* Itill lingering after a longer continuance here^ " And yet a long life, with the ufual burthens and " infirmitiesof it, is feldom defirable. It is but the " fame thing over again, or worfe ; fo many more " nights and days, fummers and winters •, a repeti- *' tion of the fame pleafures, but with lefs plealure *' and relilh every day ; a return of the fame or greater " pain and trouble, but with lefs ftrength and pati- *' ence to bear them. Thefe and the like confidera- *' tions I ufe to entertain myfelf withal, not only with " contentment, but comfort, though with great ine- *' quality of temper at feveral times, and with much " mixture of human frailties, which will always " flick to us, while we are in this world. How- " ever, by thefe kinds of thoughts, death will be- " come more familiar to us, and we Ihall be able by " degrees to bring our minds clofe up to it, without *' flatting at it. The greateft tendernefs I find in my- " felf is with regard to fome near reladons, efpeci- " ally the dear and conflant companion of my life, " which I mufl confefs doth very fenfibly touch me. " But then Iconfider, and fo, I hope, will they alio, " that this feparation will be but a very little while ; *' and that tho' I fliall leave them in a bad world, *' yet under the care and protection of a good God, " who can be more and better to them than all " other relations, and will certainly be fo to thofe, *' that love him, and hope in his mercy. " I Ihall not need to advife you what to do, and *' what ufe to make of this time of your vifitation. *' I have reafon to believe, that you have been care- " ful in the time of your health to prepare for the " evil day, and have been converfant in thofe books, *' which give the bell dire6lions to this purpofe ; " and have not, as too many do, put off the great *' work of your life to the end of it. And then you ** have nothing to do, but, as well as you can, under *^ your ArchbiJJjop of C^LntQxhnry. 129 your prefent wcakncfs and pains, to renew your repentance for all the errors and mifcarriages of your life, and earncftly to beg God's pardon and forgivcnefs of them, for his fake, who is the pro- piriation for our fins ; to comfort yourfelf in the *' goodnefs and promifes ot God, and the hopes of ** that happinefs you are ready to enter into •, and *' in the mean time to cxercife faith and patience for " a little while. And be of good courage, fince you •* fee land. The ilorm, which you dre in, will foon '* be over •, and then it will be as if it had never ** been, or rather the remembrance of it will be " pleafant. " 1 do not ufe to write fuch long letters, but I do ** heartily companionate your cafe, and Hiould be " glad, if I could foggcfi: any thing that mighc ** help to mitigate your trouble, and make than ^' Iharp and rugged way,' through which you arc '•'' to pafs into a better worki, a little more fmooth *' and eafy. " I pray God to fit us both for that great change* *' which we muft once undergo •, and if we be buc " in any good meafure fit tor it, fooner or later '* makes no great difference. I commend you to " the Father of all mercies, and the God of all '' confolation, befeeching him to increafe your faith '* and patience, and to iland by you in your laft *' and great conflicl ; that when you walk through " the valley of the fhadow of deaths you mzy fear " no evil ; and when your heart fails, and your " ftrength fails, you may find him the flrength of ^' your hearty and your portion for ever. *' Farewel, my good friend ; and whilfl: we arc '* here, let us pray ten- one another, that we may " have a joyful meeting in another world. So J " reft, Sir, *' Your truly affeclionate friend and fervant, " J. TlLLOTSON." K The 13^ 7i6^ Ltfe of Dr. John Tillotson, The re-eftablifllment of his health kept him at 'Tmibridge during the ufual feafon of the year 1688, •where he had the honour of frequent converfations with the Pf incefs An n e of Denmark^ before whom he preached there on the 2d of September^ on the fa- rable of the ten "Virgins^ in which he took occafion to expofe fome of the moft dangerous doflrincs of the church of Rome, and ccncklded with an exhortation peculiarly adapted to his audience in that critical fituation of things, " that they Ihould take great *' care, not to extinguifli their lamps by quitting the *' profeflion of our holy religion upon any tempta- ''*^ tion of advantage, or for fear of any lofs or fuf- *' fering whatfoever. This occafion, adds he, will " call for all our faith and patience, all our cou- *' rage and conftancy . "^ ^^^^^^^ ^6^^^^ ^^"^ ^ ' ^'■Nunc an'mis opus, ^nea^ nunc peElorefirmo^* Immediately after preaching this fermon'he went to Canterbury^ whence on the 6th of that month he AVrote a letter to Lady Russel inanfwer to one from her Ladylhip. In this letter * he mentions his hav- ing left the good Princefs at Tunbridge. "As for •' my fvknd'', fays he, who is fo mindful in the *' midll of his profperity of his old friends, I beg *' of your Ladyfliip to let him know, that I have a. '* true fenfe of his conftant friendfliip. For the pa- *' per he mentions, I believe it is well received *' generally on both fides. For mens heats are *' much allayed, and they have now patience to hear *' of their faults, if they be told of them in a civil ** way, without anger or ill-will, as that paper does *' with great fkill, confidering the nicety and ten- " dernefs of the fubjed; fo that if it has not fully ^' pleafed both, it hath the good fortune to have " provok'd * Among thecollcflion of Lady Russel'j letters. * Dr. f 1T2-VV1LLIAM6. ArcbbiJIjop tfCxunitihMvy. ■ 131 *' provokM neither. Ic is too much according to " my mind, for me to befit to-commead it. 1 will ** only fay, that ic is both very artificial and very *' honert, two things, which feldom meettogetiier." This paper was probably Mr. Samuel Johnson's ^i;u_y to peace among all Prctejlants : leing a letter of reconciliation fent by Bijhcp Ridley to BiJJjop Hoop- er : -UL'ith fome ohftrvations upon it : licenfed in July 1688, but Tciz'd loon attcr the publication by order of the Earl of Sunderland. Mr. Johnson intro- duces his obfervations on that letter of Bifliop Kid- ley with remarking, that as there could not be ci tmre blcjjed ivork than to reconcile Proieliants ijuitb Protejlants^ this was the only defign of his paper, by propofing the example of two Proteflant Bifhops, " who wifely found out the way to put a happy pe- *' riod to their unhappy differences, which are the *' very fame, as have been fince taken up by Pro- *• teftants again, after thefe two good men had laid " them down. In the ftrugglings of Ridley and ^* Hooper, there were two nations llruggling in " the womb, the two great parties of the Conform- " ifts and Nonconform ids •, for thefe two perfons " differed about the felf-fame matters, as we do " now, the eftabli(h'd ceremonies, the drefs of reli- " gion, certain by-mattcrs and circumftances of " religion, which Hooper, the Nonconformifi:, *' could not comply with j and Ridley, the Con- " formift, becaufe they were according to lavv, in- " filled upon, and would not abate." In the month of November following, memorable for the landing of the Prince of Orange to deliver the nation from the mofl: imminent danger of its mod important intcrefts, and for the general defec- tion of the King's friends, the Dtan is faid to have been employ'd in drawingup the letter fcnt by Prince George o\ Deurna/ k, upon his kaving his Majefty . ^i/irJ'jVir on the 24th of that month, in the King's ••••' • K 2 • return 132 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, return from Salijbury towards London. There is only traditional evidence of this fa6t, but it is rendered highly probable by the Dean's intimacy with both i their Royal Highneflcs, his known abilities in * writing upon fubjeds of the greateft delicacy, which would naturally recommend his pen upoa fuch an occafion, and the compofition of the letter itfelf, which is exaflly in his manner, and the fol- lowing pafiage peculiarly fo. " I am not ignorant ** of the frequent mifchiefs wrought in the world *' by fadtious pretentions of religion. But were not ** religion the moft juftifiable caufe, it would not " be made the moft fpecious pretence. And your *' Majefty has already fliewn too unlnterefted a *' fenfe of religion to doubt the juft efFedls of it in " one, whofe pradices have, I hope, never given *' the world caufe to cenfure his real convidtion of " it, or his backwardnefs to perform what his ho- *' nour and conicience prompt him to." The King having withdrawn himfelf from Rocbef- ter into France on the 23d of December., a few days tifter he had been defired, for the fake of the public peace and fafcty, to leave WhitehalU whither he had . return'd on the i6th upon being ftopp'd at Fever^ Jham^ and where he had, according to a very unfuf- peded authority ^ again called together about him the moft violent Papifts, without the leaft regard to . any men of prudence and moderation j and the Prince •■ That of tlie learned Mr. Henry Wharton, then Cha- plain to Archbifhop Sanckoft, who in his manufcript hillory and diary of his own life, written in Lati?t, in the polTeffion of the Rev''. Mr. Calamy, containing a very odious pifture of King James IPs government, has, under the i6th oi December^ i68rf, enter'd the following remark: Rex tirbem dedutius tfi t cum more foUto perditijjtmorum pontlficioruni e latebris ad ad-ventum ejus entmpentitim fatellitiu/n accirct. Usque foils aurem pr/eberet, eX' tlufis cordatioribus 'viris, pontijiciofque d'lrnittere pr^cfraBe recufartt \ ^rinceps Auriacus procerefque Regni Hit urbe cedendum ejfc dmun- ddrunt, tf Belgarum turmd jUbatum Rocellriam deduct curanoJ Jie 18. '^rMiJhop of Cantcthmy, 133 Prince of Orange being fettled in the palace at 6"/. JamtiSy the Dean was defined to preach before him there on Sunday the 6th o^ January iG^l- : And the convention, which met on the iid of chat month, having appointed Tburfday the 3 1 ft for a day ofpulf" lie tbankfgiving to Almighty God, in tiie cities o^ Lon- don and IFeJtminJler^ and ten miles diftant, for hav- ing made his Highnefs the Prince of Orange the glori- ous injlrument of the great delivei'ance of this kifjgdom from Popery and arbitrary -pouter i he preach'd a fcr- mon upon that occafion at Lincoln's-Inn chapel, which he publifh'd foon after, with a dedication to the fociety there, in which he acknowledg'd himjfelf much indebted to them for their great and continued refpe^s to him, and kind acceptance of his labours among them, for above the fpace of five and twenty years. In this fermon, having recapitulated the fe- veral judgments inflicted upon the nation from the earliefl: times, and reprefented the greatnefs of their late deliverance, with the ftrangenefs of the means, by which it had been effeded, and the fuddcnnefs and eafinefs of it, he concludes with an advice fuita- ble to his own temper, recommending clemency and moderation ; " making, fays he, as few examples " of feverity, as will be confiftent with our future " fecurity from the like attempts upon our religion " and laws. And even in the execution of jultice *' upon the greateft offenders, let us not give fo. *' much countenance to the ill examples, which have *' been fet, of extravagant fines and punifhments, *' as to imitate thofe patterns, which with fo much " reafon we abhor •, no, not in the punifhment of *' the authors of them." Another of his advices was, to be for once fo wife, as not to forfeit the Iruits of this deliverance, or to deprive themfelves of the benefit and advantages of it by breaches and divifions among the.-n. *' As we have no reafon, i' continues he^ to defire it, fo I think we can hardly K 3 ever .S-, •r ^^,>^\W V34 m^ifr^r/jmPtrLioTsoij, *' ever hope. fo jvilTuerfLand Popery better, and the " cruel defignofit," than we do already, both from " the long tryai and experience, which we have had " of it in'this nation, and likewife from that difmal *' and Iwrrid view, which hath of late been given " us, of the true fpirit and temper of it in one of our neighbour nations, which hath long pretended to the piofelTion of the moft refin'd and rsoderate Popery in the world, but hath now at laft Ihew'd itfelf in its true colours, and in the perfedtion of a perfecuting fpirit, and hath therein given us, a inofi: fad and deplorable inllance of a rehgion " corrupted and degenerated into that, which, if ** poffiblc, is worfe than noen.'* He appears in this fermon perfuaded of the Papifts having been concerned in the fire of London ; obferving, that there was too mncb reafon to believe, that the ensrny did this, that perpetual arid implacable enemy of the peace and happinefs of our nation. And this perfuafion of his is mentionM by Bifliop Burnet-*, -who add?, that the Dean related to him a circum- ftance, which made the Papifls employing fuch a craz'd perfon as Hubert, a French man of that religion, in fuch a fervice, the more credible. Mr. Langhorn, the Popifli counfellor at law, v^'ho for many years pafs*d for a Proteftant, but was after- wards executed lor the Popifh plot, was difpatching' a half- v/itted man to manage eledions in Kent before the refloration. Mr. Til lot son being prefent, and obferving, what a fort of man he was, afk'd Mr. Langhorn, how he could employ him in fuch ierviccs. His anfwer was, that it was a maxim with him, in dangerous fcrvices to employ none but half- witted men, if they could be but fecret, and obey orders -, for if they fhould change their minds, and turn informers inflead of agents, it would be ealy to difcredit them, and to carry off the weight of any * lliHory of his own time, lim. I f. 2305 '^rcb^jjhop of C^nttihury. 13 ^ any dlicoveries they could make, by fliewlng tliac they were mad-men, and fo not like to be trufted 'u\ critical things. The govtrnment being fettled upon King Wil- liam and Queen Mary, who were prociaimM on yljhlVednefday the 13th of February i68-5-, and crown'd on the i ith of y://^// following, fomeofthe ecclefiailical commilTioners under King Jaiv:es think- ing it ncceffary to excufe their acting under fo ille- gal a commiflion, the Earl of iV//^/^r^w, afterwards Duke of Buckingbamjhire^ addrefs'd his apology, dated at Whitehall^ March 27. to the Dean •, who had ufed all his efforts in flivour of his Lordfliip, while that commiiTion was in queftion. " Nothing in this world, fays the Earl, is, or ought to be, fo dear to any man as his reputation -, and confe- quently the defence of it is the greateft obligation, that one man can lay upon another. There are alfo fome circumftances, that render this obliga- tion yet more acceptable and valuable ; as when it is conferr'd generoufly, without any felf- intereft, or the leaft defire or invitation from the perfon fo defended. All this happens to be my cafe at this time ; and therefore I hope you will not be furprifed to find I am not the moft ungrateful and infenfible man living ; which certainly I fhould be, if I did not ac- knowledge ail your induftrious concern for me about the bufmefs of the ecclefiaftical commif- fion, which now makes fo much noife in the world. You have, as I am told, fo cordially pleaded my caufe, that it is almofl: become your own. And therefore, unwilling as I am to fpeak of myfelf, efpecially in a bufmefs, which I can* not wlioUy excufe i yet, I think myfelf now a little oblig'd to lliew, that my part in this mat- ter, though imprudent enough, yet is not alto- gether unworthy of fo juft and fo coafiderablc K. 4 ^' aju 136 7he Life of Dr, John Tillotson, " an advocate." . He then reprefents, that he had been kept out of all the fecrec counfels of the late reign, and had taken all occafions to oppofe the French inttreft, which he knew to be diredly op- pofite both to the King's and kingdom's good. He owns himfelf now as fenfible of his error in fit- ting in the ecclefiaftical ccmmifilon, as he was at lirft ignorant of it, being fo unhappily converfant in the midft of a perpetual court-fiattery, as never to have heard the leaft word of any illegality in that cpmmiffion, before he was unfortunately engag'd in it; which he was defirous to have avoided, if pofli- ble^ as a troublefome employment, that had not the leaft temptation of honour or profit to recommend it-; and in which therefore he continued upon no ■ account in the world, but to ferve both King and - - Clergy with the little ability he had, in moderating . thofe couniels, which he thought might grow higher, if he left his place to be BH'd by any ot thofe, who waited for it greedily, in order to their ill defigns. Befides which, it was to be confider'd, that one of the important aifairs, which pafs'd in that ecclefia' -": flical court, the fufpenfion of the Bifhop of London was done fome months before the Earl was a com- mifTjoncr; and the other, the incapacitating the iiiembers of Magdalen College in Oxford, was op- ■ pofed by his Lordlhip both in voting and fpeaking, with all the intereft, that he was able to make ; and he never a6lcd in that court alter, except in reftor- ing the Bifhop oi London. His Lordlhip adds, that • he had in his office of Lord-chamber)ain filled the ^ vacancies of the Chaplainfhips to the King with the ableft approv'd Divines whom he could find, mofi: commonly recommended to him by the Bifiiops, '. who were not of the court ; believing, that it had ' ; been better for the King, as well as the kingdom, if the greater ecclefiaftical dignities had been dif-^ pofed of by others with as much caution. " And « thus, ArchhiJJ:)Op of Canterbury. 137 * thu?, Sir, concludes his Lcrdjhip^ I have cndca- ' vour'd to confirm you in your favourable opi- * nion of me, which muft be acknowledged by ' every body an approbation of fuch weight, that, ' as 1 hope it may be an example of authority to ' many, fo it is fufRcient of itfelf to balance the ' cenforioufnefs of others." Another of the ecclefiaflical com.miffioners, for whom the Dean interceded, and at laft obtained fa- vour, was Dr. Nathaniel Crew, Bifhop of Z)«r- ham, a man much more confiderable for his birth and ftation, in which indeed he lived with great hofpitality, than for the firmnefs and confiftency of his conduft. He was fifth fon of John Lord Crew, to which title he fucceeded upon the death of his elder brother, and was horn January 31 if, 1634. He was educated at Lincoln College in Oxford, of which univerfity he was Proclor in 1663. In j^pril 166S he was made Clerk of the clofet to King Charles II. and the fame month Dean of Chi" ckejier, and in 1671 Bifliop o^ Oxford, from which See he was tranllated to that of Durham in October 1674. Upon the acceffion of King James II. to the crown he was made Dean of the Royal-chapel, and fworn of the Privy-council, and in 1686 was appointed of the ecclefiaflical commiffion, expref- fing his high fatisfadlion in it, that his name would now be recorded in hiftory \ He was likewife com- mifTion'd with Dr. Sprat, Bifhop of Rochefier^ and Dr. White, Bifhop of Peterborough, upon the fufpenfion of the Bifhop of London, to exercife ecclefiaflical jurifdiftion in that diocefe. In this of- fice he was prefent in February i68y, at the exami- nation of Mr. Henry Wharton for orders, and- admiring the readinefs of his anfwers, promis'd to make Mr. Wharton his Chaplain, but broke his word with him ; for which reafon that learned writer, ^ BvRNET, W. /. /, 676. ij3B *^'^ ^-'if^' pf:Dr. John Tili^otson, in hb MS. r)iar^ .cr£'ihis life, fpcaks, of him witjfi great contempt^ as : a niau of no veracity '. His Lordfhip was on all, occafions fo compliant with the court, that he was forward in fhewing refpec^ to the i^ope's ■ Nuncio fcRt thither -, and rcfus'd to introduce Dr. Patrick, Dean of Peterborough^ to kifs the King's hand, on account of his zeal againft Papery ^ But the apprehenfion of the Prince of Orange's landing immediately put an end to his concurrence with the meafures of King James, from whole council-board he withdrew : and the tiread of the confequences of his former behaviour induced him to abfcond upon the abdication of that King, in which fituation he offer'd to compound far his offences by a refignation of his Bifhopric ', particularly to Dr. Burnet, on whofc generofity he would depend for an allowance of a thoufand pounds a year during his life; which offer the Dr. lefufed"^. The Bifnop afterwards ventured out of his retreat to the Convention- parliament, in order to make a merit with the new government by voting for it ". But their Majefties had fo ill an opinion of him, that he was excepted out of the a(ft of indemnity pafs'd in 1 690. However at laft a full pardon was procured for him by the Dean, as well from his own difpofition to offices of that kind, as the follicitations of his friend Dr. William Bates, thepoliteft writer among the Prefbyterians. of his time, who had been engaged in the Bifliop's ir.tereft. His Lordlhip lived to the age of eighty- eight, dying 6't'/>/. 12, 172 J. . During the debate in Parliament concerning the Settlement of the crown on King William for life, the • Levis ijle ac . 822. ♦ir^itya ^ 'ArchhiJJ:Gp of Canterbury." 13^ the Dfan was advifed with upon that point by the Princcls Anne of Bemnark, wlio had at firlt relufed to give her confent to it, as prejudicial to her own right. Her favourite, the Lady Churchill, after- wards Duchefs of Marlborough, accordingly took great pains to promote the Princefs's pretenfions. But that Lady foon finding, that all endeavours of this kind would be ineffed:ual ; that all the principal men, except the Jacobites, were for the King, and that the fettlement would be carried in Parliament, whether her Royal Highnefs confented to it, or not ; and being fearful about every thing, which the Princefs did, while fhe was thought to be ad- vifed by her Ladylhip, Ihe could not fatisfy her own mind, till fhe had confulted with feveral per- fons of undifputed wifdoni and integrity, and par- ticularly with the Lady Russel, and the Dean of Canterbury, She found them ail unanimous in the expediency of the fettlement propofed, as things were then fituated •, and therefore carried the Dean to the Princefs, who, upon what he faid to her, took care, that no difturbance fliould be made by her pretended friends, the Jacobites, who had prefs'd her earneftly to form an oppofitiono. The Dean was now admitted into a high degree of favour and confidence with the King and Queen, before the latter of whom he preach'd at IVhiteball, on the 8th ai Mar.h i6S|-, his fermon concerning the forgroenefs of injuries and againji revenge, as he did on the 14th of April following before both their Majefties, at Hampton-Court, that on the care of our fouls, and the one thing needful. And on the 27th of that month he was promoted to an office, v/hich required his frequent attendance near their Majefties perfons, being appointed Clerk of the clofet to the King. The ® Account of the condud of the dowager Duchefs of Marl- borough, f. 22, 23, 24. 1^0 Tbe Life of Dr. John TIll^tson, The houle of Commons having the next month appointed a faft op the fifth of June, the Dean wa^ defired to preach before them on that occafion : But his indifpofitiwi preventing him from being able to perform that duty, the Houfe on the 3 ill o^ May requefted Dr. Tennison to fupply his place, and Mr. Wake to preach before them on the afternoon of the fame day. The vacancies of fome Bifhoprics foon turn'd thq thoughts of his Majcfty and his minifters upon the Dean for filling one of them : But this defign was {q far from being agreeable to him, that he ufed all pofTibie foilicitations to avoid it. There are extant in his common-place book the heads of a letter, which he wrote for that purpofe ; but thefe fo de- fective, that feveral of the fentences are not filled up, and fome words omitted through hafle or inatten- tion. The name of the nobleman, to whom it was addrefs'd, is not mark'd j but there is litde doubt, that it was William, Earl of Portland, the favou- rite and confident of King William, by whom he had been created an Earl, on the 19th oi Jpr'tl 1689. The imperfed draught of this ktter has fo many marks of the genius and temper of the writer, as to deferve to be perpetuated, for want of the finilh'd letter. ^' T Beg of your Lordfhip, who have defervedly *' X ^^^^ freedom and credit with both their Ma- ■*' jefties, which few others have, to pofiefs them " of two things ; one whereof concerns the public, *' and the other myfelf. " ift. Of the church of England ** %. The other concerns myfelf. And I ear- " neftly beg of your Lordfhip to defend me from a *' Bifhopric. Few can beheve mc in this, but I *' hope your Lordfhip does. I am now upon the •* verge of threefcore years of age. I have had ^2 " gr^at •* great afflidions to wean me from the worlJ, hav- " ing, (5^c. I have had a loud fummons by a fit *' ot the apoplexy above a year ago. 1 feel the *' infirmities of age growing upon me. I cannot *' now do that in three weeks, which fince I was ** fifty I could with cnfe have done in three days. ** It is a melancholy thought to me to in & ** Bifhopric, cfpecially in the Houfe of Peers, *' where there are fome wife, and fo many witty ** young men, to make obfervations upon an old ** one. — For the fake of the Proteflant religion and " thfir iVla)tr(li;;s, for whom I have fo true efteem, ** I would take aiiy burden upon me, which I am ** able to ftand under. But I do not love either *' the ceremony or trouble of a great place." ■■ - '* When men are children again, it is not fit they •* fliould appear in public, but go back into the ** nurfery, — ; — I defire to be as ufeful as I can •, but **" I do not alFeft to be famous. I firmly believe " artother world, in which I do not think I fhall " be happier for having been famous in this world. ** That little good, which I have been able to do •' has been in the city of London^ which I forefee *' will be (Iript of its ablefl men : And if I can be *' ferviceable any where, it is there. They, that «' have known me for thirty years, will beft bear *' v/ith my infirmities, and perhaps leaft difcern " them, becaufe they fee me every day, and the «* change will be infenfible to them. " I thank God I have lived to have my laft de- " fire in this world, which was this happy revolu- *' tion -, and now I care for no more but to fee it '* eftablifhed. And I have declared my fenfe of *' this great deliverance fo openly, and fhall always ** do fo, that I do not fear to be fufpecfled of ful- , •* lennefs and difcontent for my declining prefer- , *' ment, which is the only objeiflion, that I can •* forefee. 1 think it may be fomevvhat for thfe , " honour 14* ^f^^ Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " honour of our religion, and the advantage of the " government, to have one fo hearty for both v/ith- *' out any expectation ordefire of preferment by it. *' This is the only vanity I can be thought to be *' guilty of-, and if no body elfe perhaps is fo wil- " ling, I am contented to lie under the burden of *' it. And it is not inconvenient there Ihould be ** an example of one, that without any vifible in- ^? tereft wifheth well to the public, and defires to " deferve well of it. 1 beg of your Lordfliip, *' if there be need, as I hope there will not, to in- " tercede for me in this particular -, and the rather, " becaufe I hope no body will prevent me in this *:*' petition, nor envy me the gran-t.— — As of all f * things I would not difpleafe their Majefties, fo I ^' am confidei)t they would not take from me the '* happinefs of my life " Inflances of this kind of felf-denial will perhaps be thought rare in any age ; but there was a re- markable one under Henry VIII, of another Dsaa of Canterbury^ well known in our hiftory by his em- bafiies and public negotiations in that and the fuc- ceeding reigns. Dr. Nicolas Wotton, great un- cle of Sir Henry Wotton. This great politician as well as divine, being informM of an intention to advance him to the Mitre, wrote to Dr. Bellasis, from Dujfeldorp November nth 1539, requefting . him, " tor the palTion of God, to convey that Bi-f *.' fhopric from him. So I might, adds bCy avoid '* it, without difpleafure, I v/ould furely never . ^' meddle with it. There be enough, tliat be meet 5' for it, and will not refufe it. I cannot marvel ** enough, cur oltrudalur n&n cupknt:^ immb ne *' idonco qtiidem. My mind is as troubled as my *' writing is Yours to his little power Nico- " I.AS Wotton : Add whatfosvtr you will more " to it, if you add not BiJJjop"' But a" jdrcbl?iJJ:op if Canicvhury. 14.J But to return to our Dean of Canterbury ; in .'.'?<- fUjl 16S9 he was appointed by the Chapter of his cathedral to exercile the Archicpilcopal jurildidioii of that province, dcvolv'dto hinilclfaiid tiwt bodyf, on the I ft of that month, by the fufpenfion of the Primate, Dr. Sancp.oft, for the retufal of the new- oaths appointed by the aft of Parliament of tiie 24th of Jpril^ inftead of the former of allegiance and fupremacy •, and injoined to be taken by all perfons, who were in any office, civil, military, or ecclefia- ftical, in the kingdom. By the firll of thefe, alle- giance was fworn to their Majcilies ; by the fccond, the papal and foreign juriididions are rtnounc'd : and by the llatute, which enjoins the taking of thefc oaths, it is enadted, that not only fuch, as fliall from that time be preferr'd to any ecclefiaftical dig- nity or benefice, but all others, then in a6lual pof- fefTion of any fuch preferments, fhould take the faid ♦oaths before the firft o^ Augujl following, on the penalty of fufpenfion for fix months following -, and that at the end of the faid fix months, if they Hill pcrfifted not to take tlyj faid oaths, they were ipf9 fa£lQ to be depriv'd. I'he Archhifhop's example was followed by feveral of the Bifliops, Dr. Tho- mas of PVorceJler^ Dr. I,ake of Chiibejier^ Dr. Turner of Ely, Dr, Lloyd of Norwich, Dr. Kenn of Bath and JVells, Dr. Frampton of Glo- €ejler, and Dr. White o^ Peterborough. His Grace had indeed early fliew'd his difinclination to the re- volution government, having never waited upon the King and Queen fince their arrival, nor appear'd.ia the Houfe of Peers. His Chaplain Mr. Wharton, -in \m diary, mentions a remarkable circumftancc of his Grace's conduct on the day of their Majefties prd- J .'f The Bijhop cfLovAcmfeenidto doubt of ,thrir right to tl.is '^jufifdijion ; hut Dr. Siillingfleet luas clear in that paint in liii utter, twhich he ivvote to his Lordjhip the i^ih p/" Aiiguft • i68y. See lus Mifcellaneous difcourfes, p. 234. ^S feqq. Etiic^ Ifondon J 73 5. 144 ^^-'^ "^^fi of Br. John Tillotson, proclamation. The Queen had fent on that very day two of her Chaplains to Lambeth to afk the Archbifhop's bleffing •, after which they went to the chapel there, with a defign to obferve, whether their Majefties were prayed for. Mr. Wharton, be- ing the only Chaplain of his Grace in waiting, and Ibllicitous to do nothing, that might injure his pa- tron, confulted him what he Ihould do upon that occafion. The Archbifhop left him to his own difcretion, declaring, that he would give him no new orders ; the other Chaplains having before al- tered the prayers as they thought proper, without any command or reprehenfion from his Grace. Mr. Wharton therefore imagining, that he might take the fame liberty, and being concern'd for the fafety of the Archbifhop, and for his own part refolv'd to obey that government, which providence fhould eftablifh, prayM in exprefs terms for King Wil- II AM and Queen Marv : But the fame evening his Grace fent for him, and in a great paflfion, vehe- ment er excandefcens^ told him, that he muft either emit naming the new King and Queen in his prayers, or pray no more in his chapel, fince they could not be fo during the life of King James. This Mr. Wharton imputes to the fuggellioas of the Bilhops of iVcrzc'zV^, Chichejler^ and £/y, to the great misfortune, lays he, of the church ; for from that time his Grace, who might eafily have had every thing under his own direction, refign'd fo far all authority in the ftate, that the church on his ac- count wa$ afterwards expos'd to extreme danger ••. The Archbifhop perfifting in his refufal of the oaths, at the end of his fix months fufpenfion, was de- priv*d on the ifl oi February i6-§-^, tho' he liv'd with S Jd animi illi indidirant Epifccpi Norwicenfis, Ciceftrenfis, If Elicnfis, peffimo eccUfitc fato. Hir.c enitn Archiepiftopus, ta't facile fuijjet res omnes pro libit u ftatuere, cmncm in republicd an- thoritatem ufque adeo omijit, at ccclejia ipjius caujd dtinceps maximt periclilari c^psrit. Archbifiop of Qin terbury . 145 ■n'ith the lame fplendor and attendance as before till the I'^o^ Atigujt 1690, when \\z difniifsM moft ot his fervants, and difcontinu'd Iiis public hofpicaliry. After the nomination of his fucceflbr in April i6gi, he was warn'd by an order from the Qiifen of the 20th of M^v to leave the palace ol Lnmbc:h. Before that time he had rcfolved to leave all his books to Lambeth library, in which they were plac*d, and to that purpofe had ordered Mr. Whartom to take an account of them. But thinking himfelf unkindly ufed in being order*d to depart within ten days, he removed his books, and refolved not to de- part himfelf, till he fhould be ejeded by law. He was cited therefore to appear before the Barons of the Exchequer upon the firfl day of Trinity Term, June i^, 1691, toanfwera writ of intrufion ; where he appeared by his Attorney feveral times •, but al- ways cau^ioufly avoided putting in any plea, v/hcrein the names of the King or Qiieen might be men- tioned, or their title owned. Gn TueJ'd^y tht 23d of that month the Attorney-general mov'd for jud"gmcnt; when his Grace's counfel pleaded, thatp according to the rules of that court, imparlance ought to be allowed till the next term : but the judges alkdging, that it was in their own power to change the rules of the court, and that this was an extraordinary cafe, over-ruled their plea, and or- dered judgment to pafs, it" they would not join ilTue that day -, which the Archbifhop's agents refus'd to do, and fo judgment pafTcd. The fame day be- tween feven and eight in the evening he kit Zt?w- belh, attended by his Steward, Dr. Pamay, maftcr of the faculties, Fr. Nicolls, and Mr. Jacob, having not given any notice to his Chaplains, nor fent for them. He took boat at Lainbcth-bridge, and went to a private houfe in the Temple. The next morning he was waited on by his Chaplains, whom he received with extraordinary kinclntrs and L caufcd ^146 ^h^ Life of Dr. John Tillotson, caufed them to celebrate divine fervice before bird according to the office of the day. That day after dinner at Lambeth^ the family was diflbived by the fleward ; all the fervants having their wages till Michaelmas following, and being difmiffed with much kindnefs. An alms was likewife given to the poor of the parifli, and a prefent to the curate, Mr, Clerk. On the Saturday following, the Attorney- general fent a meffenger to receive pofleffion of the palace : But the Steward having orders to deliver it to iione befides the legal officer, refus'd to furrender it to him, defiring, that the Under-fherifF might come and receive it. The meffenger accordingly departed, and within two hours brought with him the Under-flieriff and the writ ad faciendmi, ^c, iffued out in virtue of the convi^ion of Intrufion ; when poffefiion was delivered to him with great civility ; but the body of the Steward was attach*d, and carried to t\\z Mar/halfeOy the' 10,000/. bail was offered 5 and he was kept there, with defign, as Mr. Wharton afferts % of forcing the Arch- bifhop thereby to write to the other Bifliops in the fame circumftances, to deliver up poffeffion with- out any conteft, which he refus'd to do •, and after ten days the Steward was releas'd upon 100/. bail •, and in Alichaehnas Term following appear'd at the Exchequer- bar, where his cafe being argued, he was fentenced by the judges in a fine of 3C0 marks to the King, which he paid down imme- diately, and was difmifs'd. The Archbilhop de- parted privately from London on the 3d of Augufiy attended only by his Steward, Mr. Jacob, Mr. NicoLLS, and three other fervants, and arrived on the 5th at FrefingjieJd in Suffolk^ where he was born, and where he died November 24th 1693, without making a will, to avoid the neccffity of the pro- %- bate '■ ''MS, coIle<^ions of M. H, Wharton in Lamlel'. library, /. 76, ^ f,q^. Aichhip:op c/" Canterbury. 147 bate of it before his fucceflbr, but only a <^(tt(\ o^ gift with condirions. In his lad illnefs, and a day or two before his dc;ith, he profcls'd to Mr. Whar- TOM his great rci^jntance for all fin":, but more particularly for not having ailed with that vigour, authority, and power, in his Archiepifcopal olBce, which the caufe and Hate of the church might have required, and thereby having omitted to employ the means of ferving the church of Christ, which God had put into his hands, to the utmoll *. This con- demnation of himfelf for not having exerted a pro- per vigour and fpirit in his great ftation in the church, can fcarce be underftood of his condu«5t at the revolution, when his utmolt endeavours would not have prevented the fettlement of the new go- vernment, or the fubmiiTion of the clergy to it; tho' his inactivity at that crifis has been fcvereiy cenfur'd. by thofe of his own party. But it may more juflly be applied to his behaviour before that important event, which had been certainly lefs aftive and fpirited, tlian the dangers and encroachments of Popery requir'd •, his timidity and apprehenfionsof exafperating the court having reftrained him from many things, which were neceflary to the interefts of the Protedant religion at fo critical a feafon. Of this we have one remarkable inflance mention'd by Mr. Wharton in his diary\ who having tranflated into EigltfK) Monf. DellonV Hijloryof the itifiirjition of Goa^ printed at Paris in October 16S7, could not procure an imprimatur at Lambeth for his tran- flation, notwithftanding his frequent follicitations. Archbifhop San'ckoft was born on the 30th of January i64-% and educated zi Emanuel College \n Cambridze. beinq; matricuhted in that univerfitv on the 3d o\' July 1634, and afterwards chofen Fellow ot that college, next after Dr. Worthington, who v/as admitted yi?/*;"// .ith, 1642'. His refufal L 2 of * Mr Wharton's MS. coUsftioni, * LeNeve, p. 197, 1^8. 148 The Life of Dr, John Tillotson, of the engagement impos*d after the death of King Charles I, occafioned his being depriv'd of his fellow (hip ; upon which he travelled into France and Italy". He publifhed at London in 1652 in 8vo a fmall piece, intitled Modern politics, taken from Machiavel, Eorgia, and other modern authors^ by an eye-witnefs •, and he joined with Mr. George Davenport and another of his friends, in com- pofing that fevere fatire upon Cahinifm, intitled Fitr pradejlinatus '% printed at London in 1651 ; and he publifiied Bifhop Andrews's defence of the vul- gar trandation of the bible, with a preface of his own. In the beginning of the year 1660 he was at Rome, but returned to England foon after tlie refto- ration of King Charles IP •, and on the eighth of May that year v/as chofen one of the univerfity preachers, being then Bachelor of divinity ^. Upon the advanceir.ent of Dr. John Cosin to the Bifhop- ric of Durham, he was appointed Chaplain to his Lordfliip, whofe confecration fermon he preach'd on the feccnd ofDecemhr 1660, and dedicated it to him. " WALKER'sfufFerlngs of ihe clergy, Pari 11. p. 144. ■^ The whole tide of this reinarkabk' piece is as follows : Fur ■pri^dejihiatus : fife dialoglfmns inter quenda/f! ordinis fra^dican- thim Ualviniftam l^ furem ad luqucurn damnatutn habitus. In quo ad 'vi-jum rep-tcjaitatur^ Jicn tantum qitofiiodo Calvinillarum dttgtnata ex fiipjn an/am presbent fceiera i^ impietnies quafvis pairandi, fed infuper quoniodo eadem nia>:i7r.i imptdiunt, quo minus peccator advita eme^idationem (s rrjiptfceritium reduci p ajfit. 7"o this an anfwer was return'd, under tiie title of Fur pro Iribunali: Examen Dialogifmi, qui infcrihitur. Fur pradcjiinutm : Oxosi 1657, in I2?r^0f written by GtoRo-E Kendai i-, a native of Dt vovjkire^ educiiCed at Exeter Collge. in Oxford under Dr. John Prideaux. of which he was Fellow, then Rector of Bl'fitand Vitzx Bodmin in Lorr.'ivail, Preacher ftl Grace Church iw London, and atlalt Redor oi Krnton in Dcvonjhne, \\hich< with a Prebend oiExtier conferr'd upon him by Eilliop Brown rig, he left for nou-ccnformity in 1662, and died Ai^uj] inth the ,year folIowiBg. -Wood, Athon II. art. 521J. Calamv's jiccoiuit, p. 239. and Continuation, p. 259. .i,* Mr. Wharton's MS. coiieclions. ^' Le Ntvii, p. S98. ArchhiJl:op c/' Canterbury. 149 him with a Latin infcription. In the convocation of the year 1661, he was particularly ufcful inrcfli- iying the calendar and rubric ^, ui wiiich he was alnfled by Mr. John Pell, the celebrated mathe- matician*; and \n Alarch 1661-2 he was created Doctor of divinity :ii Camlrid^e^ in virtue of his Majcfty's letters patents ol the 15th of that monili for tliat purpole ^. The fame month he was col- lated by his patron to a Prebend of the church of Durham^ having b'^en, on the 7th of December pre-, ceding, prefented by him to the lleiftory oi Hough- ton in the Spring, in the county palatine o'i Durham ; and on the 14th of Auguji 1662 he was ele(5led mafter of Emanuel College". He was advanced to the Deanry of 2''Grk in January i66\, which lie held but ten months, and in that time expended ia buildings and charges 200/. more than he receiv'd. He made a rental of that church, and reduced into order tut accounts of it, which had been before wholly neglected. Upon his nomination to the Deanry oi St. PauPs in 1664, the tenants of that of 2^ork^ being apprehenfive oi the covetous temper of his fuccefTor Dr. Robert Hitch, then defign*d, and earneftly defiringhim to renew their leafes; he abfolutely refus'd, though the fines then offer'd amounted to 400/. After the fire of London in 1666, he fpent 1000/. in rebuilding the Deanry houfe at 6"/. PauPs ; the reft of the expence being defray'd out of the money brought in from the coal-atfl for the rebuilding the church and edifi- ces of St. Paul's; which act he procured by his unweared induftry and foUicitation ''. In 1668 on the 7th of O^ober he was admitted Archdeacon of Canterbury on the King's prefentntion, which he held till 1670, and then refign'd it. He was ad- L 3 vanced 2 Walton's life of Brfliop Sanderson. » KtNNEx's regifter and chronicle, p. 574. * Ibid, p. 647. <^ Walker, uU f"p'-a. ^ Mr. Wharton's MS. collaitions. 150 ^be Life of Dr. John Tillotson, vanced to the Archbitliopric in January 167-^, while he was Prolocutor ot the Convocation, being iconfecrated to that See on tlie 27th of that month '^. His lirmnefs in retufing with fix other Bifhops to order the reading King James II's declaration of indulgence, did him great honour ; and in Novem- ■^ber 1688 he excufed himfelf from publifhing an ab- iiorrence of the Prince of Orange^?, invafion, and ;'conci]rred with other Lords fpiritual and temporal at the meeting at Quildhall on the 1 ith o^ December^ - in a declaration to that Prince for a free Parliament and due indulgence to Proteftant dilTenters *. But he would not fubmit to the new fettlement of the crown. Mr. (afterwards Sir) Isaac Newton hap- pened to be at Lambeth^ when the news was brought, rh.it the Houfc of Commons had declared the Tlironc vacant. Upon which the Archbifhop ap- peared concern'd, exprelfing his wiflies, that they had proceeded in a more regular method, and ex- amined into the birth of the young child, fince there was reafon to believe, that he was not the fime with the firft, which might be eafily known, -&i he had a mole on his ntck. And after he had 'rcfus*d the oaths, when Mr. John Dubourdieu, Minifter of the French church in the Savoy^ went to take his leave of him, upon going Chaplain to Duke ScHOMB-ERG in Piedmont^ his Grace told him, that he did not doubt, that the foreign Pro- •' trliants would blame hiscondudl -, but he declared, "that before he took that Hep, he had forefeen every "''thing, that could be faid, and even the injury, "'"^Vhich it miglit do to the Proicflant caufe i and that he '■ Lf. Nevp, p. ;oo. * T/pon thcfe fafts the common Iiiflorians may be compared with the sccouiit dr;i\vn up by D\. Francis Turner, Bifliopof Aijy publillu-d m 1717 in 8vo in a pairphlet, imitled, ji 'vindi- cation of the lott Archhifhrf Sancroft and his breihreti the reft of the depri'v'd Bijhrps, from the iff.t;'li:»i of Mn iMaR6H al 'itt kis Defence of our coulliiution. Archhifl'Op of Canterbury. i )- 1 he was greatly conccrn'd, and had faded and pray'd, but that at laft his conicicnce would not fuffer him to aft any otherwife than he had done *. Bifhop BuRN-ET rcprefenrs him \ as a man confiderably learned, and of folemn deportment, with a fullen gravity in his looks, and a monadic dridlnefs, and abdraftion from company •, dry, cold, refcrved, and peevilh, lo that none loved him, and few edeemed him. And indeed, upon an impartial examination of hrs conduft and charadler, he will appear to have been flow, timorous, and narrow-fpirited, but at the fame time a good, honed, and well-meaning man. He was very laborious in his dudies, and had amafs'd a vad colleftion of papers, having written perhaps more with his own hand, than any perfon of his time *. But the three fermons, which he publifh'd, give us a very low idea of his tade and judgment, and are more fuitable to a difciple of Bifliop Andrews, than a contemporary of Dr. TiLLOTSON. , The refufal of Archbifhop Sancroft to ac- knowledge the government of their Majedie?, made it ncceflTary to look out for a fucceffor to him. The King foon fix'd upon the Dean of Canterbury for that purpofe, whofe defires and ambition had ex- tended no farther than the exchange of his Deanry for that of St. Paul*Sy vacant by the promotion of Dr. Stillingfleet to the Biihopnc oi fForceJler upon the death of Dr. Thomas. This was readily granted him in September 1689, and he was indall'd on the 2 id o^ November. I'his exchange of pre- ferments is obfcrv'd by Bifliop Burnet ^ to have confiderably leflcn'd the Dcan*s income ; but that it delivered him from the invidious load of having L 4 two E The two lafl faifls are taken from the MS. notes of Mr, De« Maizeaux in ir.y poITeffion. *• Vol. I. p. 392. * Mr. Wharton's preface to Archblihop Lavd's trjtlr, *■ funeral Icrmon, p. 20, 21. 1 52 'The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, two dignities J which he bore in the former reigns, becaufe the praflice was common, as he was enabled by it to go far in his charities : But that as he intended to put a flop to that abufe, he refolv'd to fet an ex- ample to others in it. This pafiage has been un- derilood ^o imply, that the Dean refign'd his Re- fidentiaryfhip of 5/. Paut*s, when he took the Deanry : But that was not the cafe, as I find by the regift-ers of that church •, both thofe preferments being probably confidcr'd by him as one, and ap- pearing to be of lefs value at that time than the Deanry' of Canterbury with the Refidentiaryfhip of St. Paulas, efpecially when there were taken into the eftimate the fees of admilTion into the new dignity, the .firft fruits, the expence of fitting up and furniih- ing the Deanry-houfe, and the advanc'd age of the t)ean, with an apopleflic fit, which he had fuffer'd. And what Biihop Burnet remarks is certain, that heconfiderably leffen'd his income by the exchange, iinc^ during the two years of his holding the Deanry of St. Paul's, he had only one fine, and that a fmall One ; whereas the fines are ufually one third of the income. But however fatisfied he was in that fitua- tion, his Majefty would not let him reft, till he jubmitted to a much higher poft, to which he had an almoft unconquerable averfion. But before the circumftances of this affair are open*d, it will be proper to give a juft reprefentation of another very important one, of which he had the principal fhare of the trouble, while it was depending, and of the odium attending the progrefs and event of it. This was the fcheme of a comprehenfton^ which had been in vain attempted under the reign of Charles II, but in the fucceeding one was pro- jcded and promis'd by Archbiihop Sancroft, and his brethren, from a fcnfe of the danger ol dif- Dnion among Proteilants. Thofe of the church, whothen U\v the Papills endeavouring to draw the g Dif- /^rcbi>lf/:cp of Cantcvhury. 153 Diffenters to concur with them in their defigns againft the church of Englaudy appUed to the Prince 0? Orange, defiring him to make ufe of his in- tereft with them for diverting them from fuch a concurrence ; and in the letters wroLe for that pur- pofe, aflurances were given, that the church was then in fuch a temper, and fo well convinc'd of former errors, that if ever flie efcap'd from her pre- fent diftrefs, all thofe dilicrcnces fhould be certainly- made up ''. In the articles recommended by Arch- bifhop Sancroft to all the Bifhops within his metropolitical jurifdiclion, on the i6th of July 1688, containing fome heads of things to be more fu41y infifted by the Bifliops in their addrefles to tha Clergy and people of their refpeflive diocefes, the Clergy are advis*d, " to have a very tender regard " to our brethren the Proteftant Diffenters : that *' upon occafion offer'd, they vific them at their " houfes, and receive them kindly at their own, " treating them fairly where- ever they meet them, " difcourfing calmly and civilly with them, per- *' fuading them (if it may be) to a full compHance ** with our church, or at leaft, that whereto we " have already attained, we may all walk by the *' fame rule, and mind the fame thing -, and, in " order thereunto, that they take all opportunities *' of affuring them, that the Bifliops of this church '* are really and fincerely irreconcileable enemies to ** the errors, fuptrftitions, idolatries, and tyran- *' nics of the church of Rcme^ and that the very " unkind jealoufies, which fome have had of us to *' the contrary, were altogether groundlefs " And in the laft place, that they warmly and moft " afteftionately exhort them to join with us in daily " fervent prayer to the God of peace for an uni- *' verfal bleffed union of all reformed churches, " both at home and abroad, againft our common '* ene- ^ Biftop Burnet's triennial vifitation charge, in 1704. ^54 ^^^^ -^^y^ 9f I^^' John Tillotson, j" enemies ; and that all they, who do confefs tlie :** holy name of our dear Lord, and do agree in " the truth of his holy word, may alio meet in one " holy communion, and live in perfect unity and ** godly love.'* The Archbifhop forefeeing fome fuch revolution, as foon after was happily brought about, began to confider, how utterly unprepared they had been at the reftoration of King Charles II. to fettle many things to the advantage of the church, and what a happy opportunity had been loft, for want of fuch a previous care, as he was therefore defirous fliould now be taken for the better and more perfect eftabiifliment of it. And he at the fame time was ccnfidering what m.ight be done to gain the DilTenters, without doing any prejudice to the church. The fcheme was laid out, and the leveral parts of it were committed, not only with his approbation, biitlikewile diredlion, to fuch Di- vines of the church, as were thought miOft proper to be intrulled with it. His Grace took one part to himfelf ; another v/as committed to Dr. Patrick, afterwards Bi(hop of Ely. And the reviewing of the daily fervice and communion book was referr'd to a feled number of Divines, of whom Dr. Sharp, afterwards Archbifliop of Tork, and Dr. Patrick, v/ere two. The defign was to improve and inforce the difcipline of the church, to review and inlarge the liturgy, by correding fome things, and adding others ; and, if it fhould be thought advifeable by authority, when this matter (hould come to be legally confider'd, firft in convocation, then in parliament, by leaving fome few ceremonies, confefs'd to be in- different in their natures, as indifferent in their ufiige, fo as not neceffirily to be obferv'd by fuch,. who ihould make a fcruple of them *. How • Speech of Dr. Wakf, Eifhop o( Linoh, at the opening of the fecond article of tJie impeachment agninfl Dr. SACiuvi- Ri i., Marci> 17. ittS, 'Archhifl:Dp ^Canterbury. 155 I low far this defign was, not only known to, but approv'd by the other Birtiops, appears from the pjcicion, for which feven of them were committed to th:: Tower, and try'd, but acquitted ; wherein they declar'd their readinefs " to come to fuch a *' temper with regard to the DilTcnters, as fliould, " be thought fit, when that matter Ihall be con- '* fider'd and fettled in parliament and convocation." The Prince of Orange in his declaration, dated at x.\\.tHagiie^ OSloher 10th, 168S, O. S. reprefented, that the defign of his coming was no other but to have a free and lawful parliament, that fo the two houfes might concur in the preparing fuch laws, as they upon full and free debate fliould judge neceflary and convenient, both for the confirming and exe- cuting the law concerning the teft, and fuch other laws, as were necefiary for the fecurity and mainte- nance of the Protellant religion ; as likewife for making fuch lawSy as might ejiablijh a good agreeme?it hetiveen the church of England and all Protejlant Diffenters, and cover and fecure all thofe, who would live 'peaceably under the government, from all perfecu- iion upon account of their religion. And Mr. Whar- ton, in his MS. Diary of his own life, mentions a difcoLjrfe of Dr. WiLLtAM Lloyd, then Bifhop of St. Afaphy and afterwards di IVorcefier, to him, on the 25th o'i June 1688, four days before the trials of the Bifhops ; in which that Prelate having ob- ferv'd, that the Papifts had by their injuftice and tyranny fo exafperated the minds of the people in general, that the latter would foon drive them out of England^ and banifh, or perhaps deftroy the King himfelf, fince it was impolTible for Popery to rei";n in England above a year, and that a wonderful change of things was approaching •, he then faid, that if himfelf and his brethren fhould efcape the prefent rage of the Papifts, they were refolved to ufc their utmoft endeavours to purge the church 2 from 156 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, froTj all corruptions •, to procure the admiflion of the fober and pious DiiFenters into the church, a thing fo much wifli'd for ; to relieve even thofe, who were obilinate, by abolifhing the penal laws ; and to take intirely away the abufes of Chancellors, Offi- cials, and Ecclefiafb'ical courts "i. After the Prince o^Ormige was come to St. James' Sy Mht diiTeniing minifters in a body attending him there, his Highnefs affured them, that he would exert his utmoil endeavours for promoting a firm union among Protefiants. And upon his eftablifliment on the throne, when they prefented their addre/s to him and Qiieen Mary, Dr. Bates, in his fpeech to the King upon that occafion, obferv'd to him : " We are encourag'd by your gracious promife " upon our firlt addrefs, humbly to defire and hope, " that your Majeily will be pleafed, by your wifdom *' and autlio'ity toeilablifli a firm union ofyourPrcte- *' Jlant fubjc^fs in the matters of religion, by mak- " ingthe ruleof Chriftianity tobetheruleofconfcrmi-! " ty. Our bleiTed union in the purity and peace of the , *''• Gofpcl will make the church a fair and lovely " type of heaven, and terrible to our antichriftian *' enemies. This will make England the Heady ** centre, from whence a powerful inftuence will be " deriv'd for the fupport of reformed Chriftianity " abroad. *? Is fauda omnia fperare juflit, adeo plebis enim animos in- juftitia & tyrannide cxacerbafTe Pontificios, ut omnes tumuitu fadlo arrcptisque armis, illos ex Anglia quam citiflime elimina- turi elllnt, Regemque ipfum (quod faftum nolumus) aut exilio aut ncce inuldaturi. Utcunque verd fieri nullo modo pofle, ut PapifiTiUs in Anglia ultra annum regnaret : miram rerum ca- taftrophen adefTe, cui fi ipfe fociique epifcopi, prjefenti Fontifi- ciorum rabie erepti, fupeifucrint, omni modo curaturos, ut ec- clcfia fordibus &: corruptelis pcnitus exueretur , ut feftariisre- fonnatis rcditus in ecclefia; finum exoptati occafio ac ratio con- cederetur, il qui fobrii & pii eflent : ut pertinacibus interim jugum levaretur, extindis penitus legibus muldatoriis : utque cancellariorum, oflkialiym, 5: curiarura ccclefiafticarum abufus funditus tollcretur. Archlijl op of Canterbury. 157 •' abroad. This will bring immortal honour to " your name above the triumphs of the molt re- *' nowned conquerors. We do allure your Majedy, ** that we Ihall cordially embrace the terms of uni- *' on, which the ruling wifdom of our Saviour has ** prefcrib'd in his word." 'And in his fpeech to Queen Mary he faid, " We humbly defire " your Majefby will be pleafed by your wifdom and " goodnefs tocompofe the differences between your " Protcitant fubjeds in things of lefs moment con- " cerning religion. We hope thofe reverend per- " fons, who confpire with us in the main end, the '' glory of God, and the public good, will confcnt *' to terms of union, wJierein all the reformed ** churciies agree." The King in his anfwcr allured them, that whatever was in his power fliould be employ'd for obtaining fuch a union ; andtheQiieen, that fhe would ufe all endeavours for the obtaining a union, thatis neceflary for the edifying of the church. His Majefty like wife in his fpeech to the parliament on the 1 6th 01 March i68-§-told them, that he hoped, that they would make room for theadmiHlon of all Proteftants, who were willing and able to ierve ; fince this conjunflion in his lervice would^ tend to the better uniting them among themfelves, and the ftrengtliening them againft their common adverfa- ries. In conformity to this defire of the King, firft fig- nified to his Privy-council, when the a^ for the ab- rogating of the oaths of allegiance and fuprcmacyy and appointing other oaths in their flead^ was rcud a fe- cond time in the Houfe of Lords, a lel.xt com- mittee of that Houfe was order'd Co draw up two claufes ; the one to explain the abrogating the faid oaths, the other to take away the neceffly of receiving the facrament to make a man capable of enjoying any office, employment, or place of tnift. But this latter claufe being reported to theHoule, v/as rejjcced by a srcat J 58 The Life of Dr, John TiLtotsojj, a great majority; the Lords Delamere, Stam- ford, North and Grey, Chesterfield, Whar- ton, Lovelace, and Vaughan, entering their dilTent, and infifting, "' that an hearty union among *' Proteftants was a greater fccurity to the churcii " and ftate, than any teft that could be invented : " That this obligation to receive the facrament was " a teft on the Proteftants, rather than on the Pa- *' pifts : That as long as it continued, there could '* not be that hearty and thorough union amongft " Proteftants, as had always been wifh'd, and was *' at this time indifpenfably neceffary : And, laftly, *' that a greater caution ought not to be required ** from fuch, as were admitted into offices, than *' from the members of twoHoufes of parliament, *' who were not obliged to receive the facrament, *' to enable them to fit in either Houfe." This point being loft, another attempt was made in favour of the moderate DiJlenters, by inferting a claufe in the faid bill, 'To prevent the receiving the facrament of the Lord's fu-pper upon any other account, than in obedience to the holy injiitution thereof-^ and to provide that any man ftiould be fufficiently qualified for any office, employment, or place of truft, who within a year before or after his admiffion or entrance thereinto, did receive the facrament of the Lord's fupper, either according to the ufage of the church of England, or in any other Proteftant congrega- tion, and could produce a certificate under the hands of the minifter, or two other credible witnefles, members of fuch a Proteftant congregation. But this was like wife rejected by a great majority, fix Lords, Oxford, Lovelace, Wharton, Mor- DAur^T, Montagu, and Paget, entering their diffent. But though thefc defigns failM, the toleration eft cafily pafs'd both tlouits and received the royal affent on the 24th of May 1680, under the title of an Archbijl:op of Canterbury. 1 59 an A5f for exempting their Mnjejlies Protejlant fub- jscls, Jijfenting from the church of England, front the penalties of certain la'Ous. It exculcd the Dillent- crs from all penalties for their not coming to church, and for going to their fcparate meetings. There was an exception of Papilts or Popilli Rccufants ; and of fuch as fhould deny in preaching or writing the doctrine of the bleficd Trinity, as it is declared in the ^^ Articles. But a provifion was inferred in favour of the ^takers •, and though the reft were required to take the oaths to the government, they were excufed upon making in lieu thereof a folemn declaration. The DifTenters were to certify their places of worfhip to the Bifliop of the Diocefe, or to the Archdeacon, or to the juftices of the peace, at their general or Qj-iarrer SelTions *, there to be re- gifter'd, and the Regifter or Clerk of the peace is requir'd to regifter the fame, and to give certificate* thereof. It had been propofed by fome members of the parliament, that this act fhould only be tempo- rary, as a necelTary reftraint upon the DifTenters, that they might demean themfelves fo^ as to merit the continuance of it, when the term of years now offer'd fhould end. But this was reje6ted, there be- ing now fo general a difpofition to pais the adl, as could not be expected at another time "". Another bill was likewife under the confideration of the parliament, fcr uniting their Majefties Pro- tejlant fubjcofs ; to which fome amendments being propofed in the Houfe of Lords, and the queltioa being put on the 4th of April, whether to agree with the committee in leaving out the claufe about the indifferency of the pcjlure at the receiving the facra- ment ? and the votes being equal, it was, according to the antient rule in the like cafe, carried in the negative. The next day the Lords refum'd xhz de- bate of the report of the faid amendments, particu- larly y J3VR.X£T, vol. II. p. 10. i6o The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, larly of a claufe concerning a coramijfion to he given cut by the King to fame Bijhops^ and others of the Clergy ; and it was propos'd, that forne laymen jhould he added in the commijfion : upon which the queftion being put, the votes, including the proxies, were equal, and fo it was again carried in the negative, four Lords, the Marquis of Winchester, Lord MoRDAUNT, Lord Lovelace, and the Earl of Stamford entering their diflent with the following reafons : i . Becaufe the aft kfelf being, as the pre- amble fets forth, defign'd for the peace of the State, the putting the Clergy into commiffion, with a total cxclufion of the laity, lays this humiliation on the laity, as if the Clergy of the church of England were aione friends to the peace of the State ; and the laity lefs able, or lefs concern'd to provide for it. 2. Becaufe the matters to be confider'd being barely of human conftitution, viz. the liturgy and ceremonies of the church of England^ which had their eftabliihment from King, Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons ailembled in parliament, there can be no reafon, why the Commiifioners for altering any thing in that civil conftitution fhould confill only of men of one fort of them -, unlefs it be fuppofed, that human reafon is to be quitted in this affair, and the infpiration of fpiritual men to be alone depended upon. 3. Becaufe, though, upon Romijh principles, the Clergy may have a title to meddle alone in matters of religion, yet with us they cannot, where the church is acknowledged and defined to confift of Clergy and laity •, and fo thofe matters of religion, which fall under human deter- mination, being properly the bufmefs of the church, belong to both ; lor in what is of divine inftitution, neither Clergy nor laity can make any alteration at all. 4. Becaufe the pretending, that differences and delays may arifc by mixing laymen with ccclffia- ilics, to the fruftrating the dciign of the commiflion, is :ArMi/7:aJ> of Cintcvhury. 161 n vain and out of doors ; unlcfs thofe, who make ufe of this pretence, fuppo fc, that the CItrgy-pait of the church have diltinct intercfts or dcfii^ns from the lay-part of the fame church -, and this will be a reafon, if good, why one or other of them fiiou'.d quit the Houfe for fear of obrtruding tlvj bufincfsof ir. 5. Becaufe the commilTion being intended for the fatisfadion of Diilenters, it would be conveni- ent, that laymen of dilfcrcnc ranks, nay perhaps of aifferent opinions too, fliould be mixed in ir, the better to find expedients for that end, ratlier than Clergymen alone of our church, who are generally obfervcd to have very much the fame way of rcafon- ing and tliinking. 6. Becaufe it is the moll ready way to faciUtate the paffihg the akcrations into a law, that Lay-Lords and Commons fliould be join'd in the commiffion, who may be able to fatisfy both the Houfes of the reafons, upon which they were made, and thereby remove all fears and jealouficn, which ill men may raife again ft the Clergy, of their endeavouring to keep up, without grounds, a dillinft intereft from that of the laity, whom they fo care- fully exclude from being join'd with them in con- fultations of common concernment, that they will not have thofe have any part in the declaration, who muft have the greateft in the determining. 7. Be- caufe fuch a reftrained commiiTion lies liable to this great objeftion, that it might be made ufe of to e- lude repeated promifes, and the prefent general cx- peclation of compliance with tender confciences, when the providing for it is taken out of the ordi- nary courfe of parliament, to be put into the hands of thofe alone, who were lateft in admitting any need of it, and who may be thought the more unfit to be the fole compofers of our ditterenccs, when they are looked upon by fome as parties. Laftly, becaufe, after all, tiiis carries a dangerous fuppofi-' tion with it, as if the laity were no: a par : ot the M churchy l62 I'he Life ofhr. John Tillotsoit, church, nor had any power to meddle in matters of religion ; a fuppofition diredly oppofite to the con- llitution both of church and ftate, which will make all alterations utterly impoffible, unlefs the Clergy alone be allow'd to have power to make laws in mat- ters of religion, fince what is ellablifli'd by law, cannot be taken away or changed but by confent of laymen in parliament, the Clergy themfelves having no authority to meddle in this very cafe, in which the laity are excluded by this vote, but what they derive from lay hands. Thefe reafous were fign'd by the Marquis of Winchester, and the Lords MoRDAUNT and Lovelace ; and the Earl of St a m- FOP-D wrote under them, that he difiented for the following, as well as other reafons, becaufe it is contrary to the three llatutes made in the reign of Henry VJII. and one in Edward VL which em- power thirty-two commiffioners to alter the canon and ecclefiaftical laws, i^c. whereof fixteen to be of the laity, and fixteen of the Clergy. Bifhop Burnet, who had been confecrated to the See of Salijbury^ March 31, 1689, upon the death of Dr. Seth Ward, argued warmly on the other iide, imagining, that the Clergy would have come into the defign of the bill with zeal and unanimity ; and being apprehenfive, that the propos'd amend- ment of the claufe would be look'd on by them, as taking the matter out of their hands. But he was foon after convinc'd, that he had taken wrong mea- fures, and that the method, propos'd by the Lords on the other fide, was the only one like to be effec- tual. Nor did his oppofition to it fo recommend liim to the Clergy, as to balance the cenfure, under which he fell, for moving, in another provifo in that bill, that the fubfcription, inftead of ajfent and confent^ fhould be only to fubmit with a promife of conformity j and for his zeal for the other claufc above- Archbipop c/" Canterbury. 16? cbove-mentioned, of difpenfing with the poflure ot" kneeling at the racrament\ While this bill and that of toleration were depend- ing, Mr. Locke, whofe principles are well known to have been favourable to both, wrote a letter dated March 11^ i68v,° to his friend Philip a' Lim- BORCH, an eminent writer and profefTor of divinity among the ArmirAans in /.mjierdam^ in which he de- clared it as his opinion, that the epifcopal Clergy were no great friends to thofe bills, and other mat- ters then in agitation in England ; " whether, fays " he,, to their own or the nation's advantage, let *' them confider." The billof tt»:c« as well as that of toleration had been moved for by fomeof the Bifliops, who after- wards fcrupled the oaths ; and they both were drawn and offered by the Earl of Nottingham^ who had been appointed one of the principal fecretarie^ of (late on the day of their Majcfties proclamation y and they were the fame, which had been prepared for the Houfe of Commons in King Charles IPs reign, during the debates of the exclufion ; but thea confidered rather as artifices to allay the heat of tJiac time, and to render the church party more popular'. And even now thofe, who had moved for the bill of union^ and afterwards brought it into the Houfe, acted a very difingenuous part •, for while they flu-v died to recommend themfelves by thisfhew of mo- deration, they ll-t on thtir iriends to oppofe it -, and fuch, as were fincere and cordially for it, were re- prefented as the enemies oi the Church, who intended to fubvert it. When the bill had pafied the Lords, and was fent down to the Houfe of Commons, it was fufter'd to lie upon the table^j and inllead of M 2 pro- ■ BuKtJET, cW. //. p. \0, It. ** tamiliar leiters beivveen Mr. Lccke, and fevcjal of his friends, p. 325;, 330. P Bvp.Ni r, If/. //. p. 6, •- Ibid. /. u. 1 64 The Life of Dr. John Tillotsojt, proceeding iii it, they refolved upon an addrefs to the King, in which they were joined by the Lords,- and which was prefented to his Majefty on the 20th of Afril, defiring him to continue his care for th^ prefervation of the Church of England, eftabiifhed by law ; and to iffue forth writs, according to the ancient ufage and pradice of the kingdom in time of parhament, for caUing a convocation of the Cler- gy, to be advifed with in ecclefiafticai matters ; af- furing him,, that it was their intention forthwith to proceed to the confideration of giving cafe to Pro>- teftant-diilenters. The King returned no anfwer till the next day, when he declared, that the Church 'of England fhould ahvays be his peculiar care ; and he hop'd, that the eafe, which they defigned to Difienters, would contribute very much to the efta- blifhment of the Church ; and therefore earneft-ly tecommended to them, that the occafions of differ- ences and mutual animofities might be removed ; and that, as foon as conveniently might be, he would fummon a Convocation. The party, v/hich was now beginning to be formed againft the government, pretended great zeal for the Church, and declared their apprehenfion, that it was in danger ; which was imputed by many to the Earl o^ Nottingham's management. Thefe, as they went heavily into the toleration, lb they were much offended with the bill of union, as containing matters relating to the Church, in which the reprefentative body of the Clergy had not been fo much as advifed v;ith. Nor was that bill fupported by thofe, wlio feemed moft favourable to the DilTenters. They proceeded upon a maxim, that it was fit to keep up a ilrong faflion in church and ftate -, and thought, that it was not agreeable to this, to fuffer fo great a body as the Prefbytcrians to be more eafy or more inclinable to the church ; and that the toleration would be bed maintained, when great numbers . flioiild 'ArchbtJ}:cp of Canterbury, 165- foould need it, and be concern'd to prefeive it. This dcfign therefore being zealoufly opposM, and but tciintly promoted, prov'd abortive'. Therem- per and fituation of the nation during the agitation of this affair, will appear from a convcrlatiun, re- lated by Sir John Reresby % Governor of Torky who was prefent, between the Marquis ot Halijas, Lord- privy-leal, and the Bifhop ot Salijbur)\ v,ho a few days after their Majcities coronation, complaijied highly of the How proceedings of the Houfc of Commons, faying, that the Dutch would clap up a peace with France^ if they did not mend their pace ; and obferv'd, that the church of England was in the fault, exprefling liimfelf, as if he thought, that they meant a kindnefs to King James by their method of procedure. The Lord-privy- feal agreed with him "in his fentiments, and added, that the church-peo- ple hated the Dutch^ and had rather turn Papifls, than receive the Prefbyterians among them : But that on the other hand thefe were to the full as rank and inveterate againft thofe, and would mar all their bufmefs by their inadvertence with regard to their bill of comprehenfion, and their ill-timing of other bills : In fliort, that they would difguft thofe, from whom they looked tor indulgence. Both his Lord- £hip and the Bifhop were angry with the Commons addrefs to the King the day before, defiring him to fupport and defend the church of England according to his former declaration, and to call a Convocation of the clergy, which die Bifliop laid would be the utter ruin of the comprehenfion fcheme. While the bill of union was depending in parlia- ment. Dean TiLLOTSON, as we are informed by Dr. Nichols', perfuaded the King to purfue another method for accomplilliing the defign of it. He re- M 3 minded ' Ibid. /. II. • Stt his Memoirs, f. 343, 344. Edit. 1735. * Apparatus ad defcnfionem Egdef. ^nglicana, p, 93, l66 'The hije of Dr. John Tillotson, minded his Mi^jelly of rhe reproach often caft upon the reformation by the Papifts, that it was founded chiefly upon parliamentary authority •, and that no handle ought for the future to be given for fuch an objection. That the affairs of the church chiefly belonged to fynodical authority ; and if they v/ere pafs'd by the members of the Convocation, they would not only be more acceptable to the body of the clergy, but would be more religioufly obferved by the laity. He added, that left affairs of this nature, confifbing of liich a multitude of particulars, might proceed too flowly in lb numerous a body, it would be beft, as had been formerly done, for his Majefly to authorize by his letters-patent feveral of the molt eminent of the clergy to confider of fome methods of healing the wounds of the church, and eftabhfh- ing a durable peace ; that fo what they fhould agree upon, being laid before a convocation, might tirit have their landion, and then that of parliamentary authority. In purfuance of this advice, the King fummon'd a Convocation, and iffued out likewife on the 13th of September^ 1689, a commiffion to ten Bifhops and twenty Divines, to prepare matters to be confider'd by the Convocation. It was in thcfe terms : " Whereas the particular forms of divine worfiiip and the rites and ceremonies appointed to be ufed therein, being things in their own nature indiffer- ent and alterable, and fo acknowledg'd •, it is but reafonable, that upon weighty and important confiderations, according to the various exigen- cies of times and occafions, fuch changes and al- terations fliould be made therein, as to thole, that are in place and authority, fhould from time to time feem either neceffary or expedient : And whereas the book of canons is fit to be review'd, and made more fuitabie to the ftate of the church ; and whereas there are defecfts and abufes in the ♦' cede- Archhijljop c/' Canterbury. 167 ** cccijfiaftical courts and jurifdiflions, and parti- ** cularlv there is not fufficit-nt provifion made fof •* the removing of Tcandalous minifters, and for *' the reforming of manners either in minifters or *' people : And whereas it is moft fit, that there " Ihould be a flricl method prefcrib'd for the ex- " amination of fuch perfons, as defire to be admit- ** ted into holy orders, both as to their learning and •' manners : " We therefore, out of our pious and princely ** care for the good order, and edification, and *' union of the church of £»^/<2W, committed to *' our charge and care, and for the reconciling, as *' much as is poflible, of all differences among our *' good fubjedts, and to take away all occafions of " the like for the future, have thought fit to au- *' thorize and impower you, i£c. and any nine of *' you, whereof three to be Bifhops, to meet from ** time to time, as often as fhall be needful, and " to prepare fuch alterations of the liturgy and ca- *'. nons, and fuch propofals for the reformation of *' ecclefiaftical courts, and to confider fuch other *' matters, as in your judgments may moft con- " duce to the ends above-mentioned." The Bifhops in this commiffion were Dr. Tho- mas Lamplugh, Archbifhop of iVi: J Dr. Hen- ry CoMPTON, Bifhop of Loyidon ; Dr. Peter Mew o\ IVincheJler ; Dr. William Lloyd of St. Afaph \ Dr. Thomas Sprat of Rochejieri Dr. Thomas Smith of Carlijle ; Dr. Jonathan Tre- lawney of Extter \ Dr. Gilbert Burnet of Salijbury \ Dr. Hu m ph r e y H u MP h R E Y s of Bangor ; and Dr. Nicholas Stratford of Chejter. The twenty Divines were Dr. Edward Stillincfleet, Dean of St. Paul's^ and foon after Bifhop of IVor- cefier \ Dr. Simon Patrick, Dean o'i Peterbo- rough^ and foon after Bifhop of Chkhefier \ Dr. John TiLLOTsoM, Dean of Canterbury, and foon M i| afcer i68 ^h Lije of D}\ John TiLLOTiOw, after of 5'/. Paul's •, Dr. Richard Meggot, Dean of IVinchejkr \ Dr. John Sharp, Dean of Nor- wich \ Dr. Richard Kidder, Toon after made VifSiXi o'i Feterhorough \ Dr. PIenry Aldrich, Dean of Chrifi Churchy Oxford \ Dr. William Jane, Regius- profefibr cf divinity in tiie univerfity of Oxford \ Dr. John Hall, Margaret-profefTor of divin'ity in the fame univerfuy ; Dr. Joseph Beaumont, Regius profciibr ot divinity in the univerfity of Cambridge \ Dr. John Moktagu, Mafter of I'rinity College^ Cambridge \ Dr. John Goodman, Archdeacon of Mtddiefex ; Dr. WiL' LI am Beveridgi, Archdc^acon of Colchejler ; Dr. John Battely, Archdeacon of Canterbury^ Dr. Charles Alston, Archdeacon of Effex \ Dr. Thovias Tenison, Archdeacon of Londcn \ Dr. John Scott, Prebendary oi St. Paurs ; Dr. Ed- ward Pov/LER, riebendary of Glocejler ; Dr. Ro- bert Grove, rrebendary of St. Fattrs; and Dr» John VviLLiAMS, Prebendary of 5/. P<2///'.f. About the time of pafling this commiffion, Dean Tillotson drew up the following paper, of which there is a copy enter'd in flioit-hand into hi? com- mon-place-book, intitled, " Conceffions, . which *' will probably be made by the church of England *« for the union of Proteftants -, which I fent to the ?' Earl oi For I land by Dr. Stjlj.in g fleet ^St://. 13, «'.i689. . _ ,- .-" I. That the ceremonies injoin'd or recorq- *.' ^mended in the liturgy, or canons, be left indif- >,' fercnt. , ■^' 2. That the liturgy be carefully reviewed, and ;" ;fuch alterations and changes therein made, as /'i^may fuppiy the defe(51s, and remove, as much " as is poffible, all grounds of exception to any *' part of it, by leaving out the apocryphal leflbns, ." and corredling the tranHatipn pf the Plalpis, ufe4 ** in At-chhijhop c/'Cantcrbuty. i dp *f in the public i'ervice, where there is need of it ; .** and in many other particulars. " :?. That» inftead of all fornier declarations and *' fubfcriptions to be made by miniftt-rs, it fliall be *' fufficient for them, that are admitted to the t:c- '* ercife of their miniftry in the church of Eu^land^ .*' to fubfcribe one general declaration and promiftj .*' to this purpofe, viz. that we' do fubniit to th^ •' dodrine, difcipline, and worfhip of the ciiuich «' of England^ as it rnall be eftablifhed by la'> , . .:d <* promifc to teach and pra6lifs accordingly, " 4, That a new body of ecclefiaftical canons be " made, particularly with a regard to a more ef- " fedtual provifion for the reformation of manners " both in mlniilers and people. " 5. That there be an effedftual regulation of ec- " clefiaftical courts, to remedy the great abufts arid *' inconvcniencies, which by degrees, and length *' of time, have crept into them J and particularly, *' that the power of excommunication be taken out " of tl'ic J^^iids of lay officers, and placed in the *' Bifliop, and not to be exercifed for trivial mat- '* ters, but upon great and weighty occafions. " 6. That for the future thofe, who have been *' ordained in any of the foreign reformed churches, *' be not required to be re-ordained here, to render *.' them capable of preferment in this church. " 7. That for the future none be capable of any *' ecclefjaftical benefice or preferment in the church •'■ of England, that fhall be ordained in England ,*' otherwife than by Bifhops. And that thofe, who *' have been ordained only by Prefbyters, fhall not " be compelled to renounce their former ordina- " tion. But becaufe many have, and do ftill doubt ** of the validity of fuch ordination, where epifco- *' pal ordination may be had, and is by law re- " quired, it fhall be fufficient for fuch perfons to «< receive ordination from a Bilhop in this or the " like 170 .^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, ** like form : If thou art not already ordained^ I or- " dain thee^ &c. as in cafe a doubt be made of any ** one's baptifm, it is appointed by the liturgy, that '* he be baptifcd in this form, Jf thou art nothnp- " tifed^ I baptife thee^ &c." This laft propofal of the Dean with refpect to an hypothetical ordination of thole, who were before drdain'd in England by Prefbyters, agreed with the fentiments of one of the moft learned and judicious Prelates of the beginning of that century. Dr. Jokm Over al, Bilhop of Norwich, with regard to the ordination of the minifters of the foreign reformed church. This excellent Prelate, whofc correfpond- ence by letters with Grotius is publiih'd in that iifeful coUedlion, intitled, Pr^ejiantmn ^ erudito- rum virorum epiftoJiC ecckfiajtica i^ theologies, was at firft Fellow of Trinity College in Cambridge^ then mafter of Catharine-Hall^ and Regius-profelTor of Divinity in that univerfity, promoted in the begin- ning of the year 1 60 1-2 to the Deanry o'i St. Paulas by Queen Elizabeth, at the recommendation of Sir FuLK Grevill, afterwards Lord Brook •, and in yipril 1614 advanc'd to the Bifhopric 0^ Coventry and Litchfield, from which he was tranQated in 1 6 1 8 to that of iYi^rtc/f ^, where he died the 12th cf May the year following. I have now before me a long letter of his Secretary Mr. John Cosin % afterwards Bifhop of Durham, containing many curious particulars relating both to Antonio de DoMiNis Archbifhop o^ Spalato, and Bifhop Ove- RAL -, of whom I (liall mention one faft connefted with the point above-mentioned, of which Mr. CosiN himfelf was witnefs. Dr. DeLaune, who trandated the EngliJJj liturgy into French, being collated to a Living, and coming to the Bifhop, then at Norwich, with his prefentation, his Lord- fliip • **i Cotnmunicated to me by the honourable Sir Thomas Bur- KET, Kn:. one of his Majeft)''s Juiticcs oi the Common-ple.is. ArchhiJJ:op o/* Canterbury. 171 fhip afk*d him, where he had his orders. He an- i'wer'd, that he was ordain*d by tlie Prefbytery at Leyden. The Bifliop upon this advis'd him to take the opinion of counkl, whether by the laws of Eng- land he was capable of a benefice without being or- dain'd by a Bifhop. The Do6tor replied, that he thought his I.ordlhip would be unwilling to re- ordain him, if his counfel fhould fay, that he was not otherwife capable of the Living by law. The Bilhop rejoinM, *' Re-ordination we muft not ad- ** mit, no more than a re-baptization : But in cafe *' you find it doubtful, whether you be a Prieft *' capable to receive a benefice among us, or no, I " will do the fame office for you, if you defire it, " that I (hould do for one, who doubts of his bap- ** tifm, when all things belonging eflentially unto " it have not been duly obferved in the adminiftra- *' tion of it, according to the rule in the book of *' Common-prayer, If thou heejl not already^ &c. " Yet for mine own part, if you will adventure " the orders that you have, I will admit your pre- " fentation, and give you inftitution into the Liv- ** ing howfoever." But the title, which this pre- fentation had from the patron, proving not good, there were no farther proceedings in it ; yet after- wards Dr. Le Laune was admitted into another benefice without any new ordination. Mr. Cosin adds another relation to the fame purpofe concern- ing Mr. William Whittingham, who tranflated the 119th Pfam into metre, the initial letters of his name being ftill fet before it. He had been ordained a minifter at Geneva^ in the reign of Queen Mary -, and in that of Queen Elizabeth having the Deanry of Durham conferr'd upon him *, was queftion'd by Dr. Sandys Archbifhop of Tork^ as having no title to or capacity for that dignity, becaufe he was not * July 19th 1562, by the intereil of the Earl of helcejier. The Dean died io5h oijuns 1579, TJ2 The Life ofT>r. John Tij-lotson, not ordain 'd a Prielt by a Bifhop. The cafe was therefore difputed and travers'd in divers courts ; but Mr. Whittingham had judgment finally in ills favour, it being declar'd, that ordination be- yond the feas was equivalent to our ordination in England: And -far the better confirmation of this a bill was prefen'd in ParHament, which pafs'd both fcoiyfes ; and this fbatute, which was either 13 Eliz. ihcpt. 8. or 8 Eliz. chap. 13. enabled, that wlio- ioever aliedg'd to have been ordain'd a minifter be- yond the feas^ if he fubfcrib'd to the 39 articles of religion, might be admitted to a benefice in the •diurch of England. But I find the following rc- Diark, probably pf Bilkop Burnet, upon this laft ilory in his Lordfliip's copy of the letter ; that the ilatute pointed at was 13 Eliz. chap. 12 ; but in which there is in fa6l no indication, that the ground ^f it was to juftify Mr. WHiTTiNCHAM's ordina- tion : but moft probably the bufmefs was, that whereas the minifters of the church of Evgland had given fecurity of themfelves at their ordination, which thofe^ who had been ordain'd in the reigns of King Henry VIII. or Queen Mary, or in the X«//&if^^« churches, had not ; the latter might be obliged to do the like. And that the ftatute had only fome fuch aim, is evident by the determina- tion of its force upon fo fudden a date as the fol- lowing Cbrijimas. " I have look'd, fays the re- *' marker^ over fuch reports, as I could get, and " can meet with no fuch thing as this Whittjng- " ham's r^y^, and therefore guefs the ftory to be " no more than tradition and hearfay. In the ftory " there is this mifadventure, that the ftatute 15 *' Eliz. could not be referr'd to, for Sandys was '« not Archbifhop oiTot'k until the 18 Eliz. Whit- " TIN CHAM might retain his Deanry by virtue of " his letters patents, tho' no prieft •, nothing being " frequenter than for Dignities and Prebends to be ^« held Arc/j/^i/J?opofCi3iriicvhury. 175 ** held by them, who were no priefts, a long while *• after the i^ Eliz. even in the time ot King *' James ; and before that ftatute Tome benefices «* with cure had been held, as I have heard. The fta- '* tute 5 Edward VI. i. for the ordaining of Priefls ** and Deacons, as well as confecrating of Bifliops, *' doth impofe the fame penalties on fuch, as ufe *' other form of confecrating, &c. as arc inflifted " on fuch, as ufe any other form of Common- *' prayer. Thofe penalties are fomewhat altered *' and made greater by the ftatute i Eliz. chapt. 1. " That ftatute for confecrating, i^c. 5 Edw. VI. *' cbaft. I. is confirmed in all parts, 8 Eliz. *' chapt. ir So then the penalties on other form of *' confecrating muft be fetch'd from 2 or 3 Edvj. *« VI. cbapt. 5. Edw. VI. chapt. i. and i Eliz. " chapt. 2. together with the confirmation of 8 " Eliz. I." But to return to the proceedings of the ecclefia- ftical commillioners ; they open'd their commiffion at, the Jerufalerri Chamber on the loth of O^ober 1689 •, but fome named in it either did not appear, or foon deferted their brethren. Among thefe were the Bifhops of fVincheJler and Rochejier^ the latter of whom had fat in an ecclefiaftical commifiion of a very illegal nature in. the late reign -, Dr. Aldrich, and Dr. Jane. The laft of thefe was fon of Jo- seph Jane of Lefkard in Cornwall^ Efqj member for that borough in the long parliament, till his loy- alty forc'd him to retire to Oxford^ and afterwards abroad, where he wrote an anfwer to Milton!'^ 'Eiy.ovoxXxrr,; under the title of 'Eixcoy ci';tA«5-c?, or the Image unbroken. Dr. Jane was educated at IVeftminjier fchooi, from whence he was eleciled in 1660 a Student of C/'r{/?-Ci?V/T/^, OKjord^ of wliich he was afterwards Canon in 167S, and Dean of Glou- cejier^ in which dignity he was inlldi'd on the .6th 01 June 168^, and held with it tiie Pf2;cento:lhJp of 174 ^^^ -^if^ ^f^^' John Tillotson, of the church of Exeter, He was the great pro- moter of, and had the chief hand in drawing up the famous judgment and decree of the univerfity of Ox- ford, pafs*d in the Convocation there on the 21ft of July 1683, againji certain pernicious books and dam- nable do^rines^ dejlru5five to the facred perfons of Princes i their flate and government, and of all human fociety, which was prefented on the 24th of that month in Latin and Englijh by Dr. Robert Hunt- ingdon, afterwards Bilhop of Raphoe in Ireland, to King Charles II. in the prefence of the Duke of York, and the principal perfons of the court, who all fhew'd the higheft fatisfadlion in it J' j tho* this decree had afterwards the difgrace of being burnt by the common executioner by order of the houfe of Lords in 1 7 1 o. Notwithilanding the prin- ciples avow'd in it, Dr. Jane was one of the four fent by that univerfity to the Prince of Orange, then at Hungerford, in his march to London, to of- fer his Highnefs their plate, which the Prince re- fufed i but the Doftor thought his own merit fo great, that he took that opportunity of aflcing for the Bilhopric of Exeter, void by the tranflation of Bifhop Lamplugh to the Archbifhopric of I'ork. Not fucceeding in his requeit, that Bifhopric hav- ing been before promis'd to Dr. Trelawney Bifliop of Bri/lol, he was lb far difgulled, that he was ever after a fecret enemy of King William and his government, though he had appear'd him- felf fo early in the revolution *. He lived fomc years after Queen Anne's accefiion to the throne without being advanc'd higher in the church, dying on the 6th of February i yo-f. The reft of the commiffioners applied thcmfelves clofely to the work affign'd them for fcveral weeks. They f Vita Rob. Huntingdon i, Scrlptore Tho. S.mith, S. T. D. p. 26. f Lifeof Dr. Humphrey Prideaux, P-SSm^. Archhijhop c/ Canterbury. \j^ They had before them all the exceptions, which either the Puritans before the war, or the Nonconformilts fince the reftoration, had made to any part of the church fervice. They had likewife many propofitions and advices, which had bcenolicr'd at fever.ai rimes by many of our Bifnops and Divines, upon thofe heads, of which Bifhop Stillingfleet had made a great colledlion. Matters were well confider*d, and freely and calmly debated ; and all was digefted into an intire correction of every thing, that l'eem*d liable to any jufb objeflion*. They began with reviewing the liturgy ; and firft they examined the calendar, in which, in the room of apocryphal lefTons, they orderM certain chapters of canonical Scripture to be read, that were more for the people's edification. The Atbanafian creed being difliked by many per- fons on account of the damnatory claufe, it was left to the minifters choice to ufe, or change it for tlie Apoftle's creed. New collefts were drawn up more agreeable to the Epiftles and Gofpels for the whole cou rfe of the year, and with a force and beauty of exprelTion capable of afFcifting and raifing the mind in the ftrongell manner. The firft draught of them was compofed by Dr. Patrick, who was efteem'd to have a peculiar talent for compofing prayers. Dr. Burnet added to them yet farther force and fpirit. Dr. Stillingfleet then examin*d every word in them with the exa<5teft judgment •, and Dr. TiLLOTSON gave them the laft hand, by the free and mafterly touches of his natural and flowing elo- quence. Dr. Kidder, who was well vers'd in the oriental languages, made a new verfion of the Pfalms more conformable to the original. Dr. TENisoji having coUeded the words and expreflions through- out the liturgy, which had been excepted againft, propos'd others in their room, which were more clear • Bupnet's HiAOiy of his own time, vol. II p. 31, and triennial viiltacion charge, anu. 1704. Jf6 The Life of ^r, JoimTiLLCT^oi;, clear and plain, and lefs liable to objedion. Othef things were likewile proposed, which were left to be determin'd by the Convocation ; as particularly, that the crofs in baptilm might be either ufed or omitted at the choice of the parents ; and that a Nonconformift minifter going over to the church ihoiild not be ordain'd according to the common form, but rather conditionally, in the fame manner as infants are baptifed, when there is no evidence of their being baptifed before, with the addition of the epifcopal benedidion, as was cuftomary in the an- tient church, when Clergymen were admitted, who had been ordain'd by heretics ; of which manner of ordination Dr. Bramhall, Archbifhop o^Ar7nagh, had given a precedent, when he received fome Scots Prefbyters into the church *. This abftraft of the proceedings of the commif- fioners is faid to have been communicated to Dr. Nichols ^ by Dr. John Williams, afterwards Bifhop of Chichejier, who had drawn up an account of them : And the original of the alterations, fug- gelled by thefe commiflioners upon their review of the liturgy, was in the hands of Dr. Tenison', Archbifhop oi Canterbury ^ who was always cautious of trufting them out of his own keeping, ailed ging, that if they came to be public, they would give no fatis- a That Primate of Ireland, ae appears from his Life, written by John Bifhop of Limerick, and prefix'd to his Grace's nvoris printed at Duhiin in 1677 in folio, infcrted thefe words in the letters of orders, which he gave to Mr. Edward Parkinsot* : Nen annihilantes priores ordines (Ji quos habuit) nee ijaliditatem aut invaliditatcm eorundum dtttrminantes, multo minus omnes or- dines facros Ecclejiarum forinfecarum condtinnautts, quos frcprio judici rtlinqutmus, fed folum7nodo fupplentes quicquid priits defult fer Canones Ecclefne Anglicans requiftum^ i^ providentes pact Ecclefe^, ut Scbijmatis tollatur occeifio, {3 confcitntiis fdtlium fa- tisfuty nec ulli dubitent de ejus ordir.ationCt aut a^usfuos Pnjoy- Uriahs tanquam invaltdos ai'crfentur. In cujus rti ttjiimomarn, &c. )• Appjrat. p 95, 96. ArMjIjopofC^Lnterhury. 177 fitisfafllori to either lidc, but be rather a handle for mutual reproaches, as one fide would upbraid their brethren tor having given up fo much •, while tr:e other would judity their non-conformity, becaufc thofe conceffions Were too little, or however not yet pftfs'd into a law^ But a more particular account of the proceedings of the CommilTioners, than that publifh'd by Dr. Nichols, is inferted here from Dr. Calamy", The committee being met in the Jerufalem cham- ber, a difpute arofc about the authority and legality of the court -, the Bi(hop of RochrjJer, tho' he had fo lately a»5ted in an illegal one, being one of thofe who quellion*d it. I'ne grounds of this fcruple were the obligations the clergy lay under by ad of parliament ot King Henry VIII. not to enter into any debates about making any alterations in church affairs, without the King's fpecial and immediate privacy, and diredion firll given concerning fuch alterations. It was anfwered, that that muft be done, either by an ad of the King's own judgment, or by a private cabal (^both which ways would be very ex- ceptionable} or el(e by his Majefty's commillion to a certain number of ecclefiaftics to confuk about, and prepare what was neceffary to be altered, as it was in the prefcnt cafe. For moreover the com- mifiioners pretended not to make thefe alterations obligatory by virtue of a law, but only to get them ready tp lay before the Convocation, the very reports being not fo much as to be referred to the Privy- council, left they might be fubjed to be canvafs'ci and modeli'd by lay-hands. However the Bilhops of IFincheJter and Rochejlcr^ Dr. Jane, and Dr. Ald- RICH, withdrew dilTati'-^tied ; and the reft, after .1 lift ot all, that feemed fit to be changed, was read N over, ' Kenntt's complete hiftory, vol. III. p. 591. Note D. * Abridgment of the Life of Mr. R. Baxter, p. 452-—' 178 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson^ over, proceeded very unanimoufly, and without any heats, in determining, as foliosvs (each article, as foon as agreed on, being fign'd by the Bifhop of London) viz. That the chanting of divine fervice in cathedral churches fliall be laid afide, that the whole may be rendered intelligible to the common people. That befides the Plalms being read in their courfe as before, fome proper and devout ones be feleded for Sundays. That the apocryphal leflbns, and thofe of the Old Teftament, which are too natural, be thrown out, and others appointed in their ftead by a new calen- dar ; which is already fully fettled, and out of which are omitted all the legendary faints days, and others not diredlly referred to in the fervice book. That not to fend the vulgar to fearch the canons, which few of them ever faw, a rubric be made, fet- ting forth the ufefulnefs of the crofs in baptifm, not as an eflential part of that facrament, but only as a fit and decent ceremony. However, if any do, after all, in confcience fcruple it, it may be omitted by^ the prieft. That likewife if any refufe to receive the facra- ment of the Lord's fupper kneeling, it may be ad- minifter*d to them in their pews. That a rubric be made, declaring the intention of the Lent fails to confift only in extraordinary ads of devotion, not in diftinftion of meats : And ano- ther to ftate the meaning of Rogation Sundays^ and Ember PVeeks^ and appoint, that thofe ordain'd within the ^atuor 'Tempora do exercife ftrid de- votion. That the rubric, which obliges MIniiters to read or htar Common -prayer publicly or privately every day, be changed to an exhortation to the people to irequent thofe prayers. That I ArchhiJI.Gp 5/^ Canterbury. 179 That the abfoliition in Morning and Evening prayer may be read by a Deacon, the word Prieji m the rubric being changed into Minijhr^ and thoft: words, and rcmiffion^ be put om, as not very intel- ligible. I'hat the Gloria Pairi fliall not be repeated at the end of every Pddm, but of all appointed for Morn- ing and Evening prayer. That thofe words in the TV Deum^ thine hr,Koiira' hie, true^ and only Son, be thus turn'd, tbine only begotten Son; honourabk being only a civil term, and no where us'd in facris. The Benedicite fliail be changed into the i2Sth Pfalm, and other Pfaims likewife appointed for the Benedict us aiid Nunc dimittis. The Vcrfides after the Lord's prayer, ^c. fliall be read kneeling, to avoid the trouble and inconve- niencies of fo often varying poftures in the worihip. And after thofe words, Give ■peace in our titm, O Lord, fhall follow an anfwer promifory of fomewhat on. the people's parr, of keeping God's law, or the like ; the old rcfponfe being grounded on the pre- deftinating doflrine, taken in too ftrid: an accepta- tion. All high titles or appellations of the King, Queen, i^c. fhall be left out of the prayers, fuch as moft il- lujirious, religious, mighty, &c. and only the word Sovereign retain'd for the King and Queen. Thofe words in the prayer for the King, Grants that he may vafiquijh and overcome all his ei'iemtes, as of too large an extent, if the King engage in an un- juft war, Ihall be turn'd thus, Profper all bis righteous undertakings againjl thy enemies, or after fome fuch manner. Thofe words in the prayer for the clergy, JVho alone inorkfj} great marvels, as fubjccc to be ill inter- preted by perfons vainly difpofed, fhall be thus, IVho alone art the author of all good gifts : And N 2 thcfe 2 So The Life of Dr, John TiLlotson, thefe words, the healthful Spirit of thy grace, {halt be, the holy Spirit of thy grace, healthful being an obfolete word. The prayer, which begins, 0 God, whofe nature and property, fhall be thrown out, as full of llrange and impertinent expreflions, and befides not in the original, but foifted in fince by another hand ^ The Collets, for the mod part, are to be changed for thofe, which the Biihop of Chichejler has pre- pared, being a review of the old ones, with en- largements, to render them more fenfiblcand affed- ing, and what expreffions are necdlefs, to be re- trenched. If any Minifter refufe the Surplice, the Bifliop, if the people defire it, and the living will bear it, may fubftitutc one in his place, who will officiate in it ; but the whole thing is left to the difcretion of the Bifliops. If any defire to have Godfathers and Godmothers omitted, and their children prefented in their own names to baptifm, it may be granted. About the Athanafian creed, they came at laft: to' this conclufion, that left the wholly rejed:ing it fhould by unreafonable perfons be imputed to them as So- cinianifm, a rubric fhall be made, fetting forth, or declaring the curfes denounced therein not to be re- ftrained ' Dr. Nichols in his Comment aryTi^xm^, that diis Prayer was firll brouglit into the Liturgy in the firltyear of King James I. But Mr. Whe AT L Y afferts, that it was iuJerted in the Common-- pi a}'er-book or Queen Elizabeth It was at firft plac'd }ult after the Prayer in the timi of any common plugue or Jicknefs (that being the laf^ or* the prayers on parcicuLir occaiions) bat at tlie review of tli; common-pra) er after the Reftoration, the two prayers for the iiniber-wceks were inferted juft afier that, and the prayer m quellion immediately follow'd them. The Printers indeed fet it where it now uiuaily ftands, between the p>a\er fcr- ail condition! of men ?,r\iX th.Q Gcucral Jhankfftving, But the Conimiflioners ob'ig'd them to prutt anew leaf, wherein it fliould iland jult be- fore the nraycr for the Parliament. I\orwithIiandii3g winch the Order haj bccu neglected \\\ ull the fubfeipi-nt Kditions, Archh'ifiop of Canterbury. 1 8 i {trained to every particular article, hut intended a- gainfl thofc that deny the fubftance oithe Chriftian religion in general'" Whether the amendment of th.e tranflation of the reading Ffclms (as they are called^ made by the Eifhop of ^; Afa^h and Dr. Kidder, or that in the bible, fhall be inferted in the prayer-book, is wholly left to the Convocation to confider of and detennine. Several alterations were made in the Litany, Com- munion Service^ Sec. Such were the pioceedings of the commilTioners, which had been prot^tled againft by their brethren, who had left them immediately after their firft meet- ing, with a declaration, that they were againft all alterations whatfoever. They thought, that too much had been ah-cady done for the Diffenters, in the toleration, which was granted them ; and would do nothing to make them ftill eafier. Thsy faid farther, that the altering of the cullom^; and confti- tutions of our church, to gratify a peevifli and oblli- nate party, was like to have no other effeft on tliem, but to make them more infolent •, as if the church, by offering thefe alterations, feemed to confefs, that fhe had been hitherto in the v/rong. They were of opinion, that this attempt would di- vide the church, and make the people lofe their elleem for the Liturgy, if it appeared, that it wanted corre6lion. They excepted alfo to the manner of preparing matters, by a fpecial commifllon, as limit- ing the Convocation, and impofing upon it ; and to load this with a word of an ill found, they called this a new ecclefiajlicd commijfion. But in anfvver to all this it was faid, tratif by a few corrections and explanations, all jufl; fatisfaction were offered to the chief objedtions of the Diffenters, there w^s reafoi^ N 3 ta ^ This Article is not very confident with Dr , Ni c h o l s's Ac- count inferted above. 1 8 2 The Life of Dr. Jon n Ti l l o t s on, to hope, that this would brix".g over many of them, at lealc oi the people, if not oi the teachers among them : Or, if the prejudices of education wrought too (Irongly upon the prefenr age, yet if fome more fenfible objedions were put out of the way, it might "weii be hcp'd, that it would have a great effefl on the next generation. If thefe condefcenfions were made fp, as to own, in tlie v/ay of offering them, that the Nonconform ifts had been in the right, that might tuin to the reproach of the church : But fuch offers being mack only in regard to their weakntfs, the reproach fell on thcrn ; as the honour accrued to thj' church, who fhewed herfelf a true mother by her care to preferve her children. That it was not offer'd, that the 0:dinary pofture of receiving; the fi^crament kneeling fiiouid be changed •, this be- ing ilill to be the received an;! favoured poflure, but that only fuch, as declared, that they could not o- vercome their fcruples in that matter, were to be ad- mitted to it in anotiier pollure. Ritual matters were or their own nature indifferent, and had been always d^'clared to be fo ; and all the ncceffity of them arofe only from the authority in church and ffate, which hid cnafled them. It would therefore be an unrea- sonable ftiffnefs to deny any abatement or yielding, in fu<-h matters, in order to the healing of the church's wounds. Great alterations had been made. in fuch things in all ages of the church. Even the church of Rome was ftill making fome alterations in her rituals. And changes had been made among purfclvis often fince the Reformation, in the reigns of King Edward, Queen Elizabeth, King James I. and King Charles II. Thefe were al- ways made upon fome great turn, critical times be- ing the moft proper for defigns of that kind. The toleration, now granted, feemed to render it more neceffary than formerly to make the terms of com- munion with the church as large as might be, in order Archbijlop of Canterb u ry. 183 order to draw ov.;r to it the greater number from thole, who might now leave it more futely, anA therefore the more care was to be ufcd for the gain- ing them. And with regard to the manner of pre- paring thefe overtures, the King's rLiprcpv.ic;/ ilgni- fied little, if he could not appoint a fclecr number to confider of fuch matters, as he might think ficto lay belore the Convocation. This no way broke in upon their full freedom of debate, it being iVee to them to reje6l, as well as to accept of the propofi- tions, that fhould be offer'd to them '^. But while this important aftair was thus argued, the party, which was now at work for the abdicated King, took hold on this occafion to inflame mens minds. It was pretended, that the church was to be demoliflied, and Prefbytery fet up : That all this now in debate was only intended to divide and dif- tradl the church, and to render it by that means both weaker and more ridiculous, while it departed from its former grounds, in offering fuch concefTi- ons. The univerfities took fire upon this, and be- gan to declare againft it, and againfl; all, who pro- moted it, as men, who intended to undermine the church. Severe refledlions were likewife caft on the King, as being in an intereft contrary to the church •, tor the church was the word given out by the Jacobite party, under which they thought they might more fafely fhelter themfelves. Great can- vafTings were every where in the election of members of the Convocation, a thing not known in former times ; fo that it was foon very vifible, that the tem- per of men was not cool or calm enough to encou- rage the farther profccution of fuch a defign^ Thofe, who were friends to it, defign'd Dr. Til- LOTSON, now Dean of St. PauVs, for Prolocutor of the lower houfe ; and the court v/as foUicitous for N 4 the • BURMET, vol. II, p. 32. • Ibid. p. 32, 33. 184* Jhe Life of Dr. John Tillotson, the choice of him, from a perfuafion, that his fingular moderation and prudence in that chair wouxi be able to influj?nce that houfe to concur in promoting thofe epds, for which the Convocation was called. He was accordingly prppofcd by Dr. Shau? s, his fiicceiror in the Dcanry of Canterbury, ijpon the mectifig of thr Convocation, on 'Tkiirjdcy x'Jcvcmbsr 21 ft, 1689 : But it was carried by a ma-^- jority ot two to one for Dr. Jane, the choice of whom is laid to have been owing, net only ro the general temper of the clergy, but like wife to the in- trigues oi the Earls of Clarendon and Rochejler^ wf.o, on account of their near relation to the Qiieen, whofe mother was their filter, expcifted, when the government v,'as fettled on Kinj^ William and her iVlajelly, to have had fome oi the higher employ- ments under it. But being diflippointed, they from refcntment endeavoured to perplex and ernbarrafs it, and, among other fchemcs for that purpofc, fet them- fclves to defeat whatever was intended to be done by th-e Convocation, and accordingly went to Qx/ord, where they found Dr. Jane prepared tor their views by his o\yn difappointment and ambition, as well as by his principles ; whom having engaged to ftand in competition againft the Dean'of 6V. Paul's, they lupported him in it by all their interell ''. But befides thefe there was another more fecrct caufe of the oppofition to the Dean of St. PauPs, and of the clamour rais'd on his account, both be- tore and in the Convocation, which will appear from a letter of his to be produced hereafter. This took ks rife from the Bifhop ot Z.i?;;^(?«'s jealoufy of the Dean's being intended by the King for the Arch- bifhopric of Canierbury, which himfelf had once before been difappointed of, when Dr. Sancroft, was promoted to it, and which he now feem'd to claim e Letter to me from the ReV*. Pr, Thomas Sharp, Aith- deacon of Northumberland, dated .it Durham Kovtmber 7, 1 75 ' - ' ^ Life of Dr. Pk|deaux, Dean oi Nofinich, /. 54, 55, 56. ArdbijVop c/Xantcrbury. 18^ claim as due to his conduct before, and efpecially at t\\t Revolution, as well as to his r.nk and family, being the fixth and youngeft Ton ot Spencer, Earl of Ncrthariipton^ who tell in an entag mcnt on Hopton-Healh, in Stjffordjhire, March . , 1644, fighting with three oi his fons for i:w royal c lufe. He was at firil enter'd at ^idni's CoUege in Oxjordy about 1649, ^"'^ ^^^^"^ about tiiree years Itay there, travelled inco France^ 1^^''-}^ and either counts. s, and. upon his return was after therciloration made a Cor- ner in the royal regiment of Horfe- guards, under the command of Aubrey Vere, Earl of Oxford, Afterwards entering into holy orders, when he was above thirty years ot age, he was in 1667 made Mafter of the hofpital of 6"/. Crofs near IFincheJier, in May 1669 Canon of Chriji Churchy and in O^o- ber 1674 Bilhop oi Oxford^ and in December of the year following, upon the death of Dr. Hl^mphry Henchman, tranQated to the See of London, in which he died on the 7th of J«/y, 1 7 1 t, in the 8 itt year of his age. He was an humbie, modeft, ge- herou«, and good natur'd man ; but weak, wiliul, much in the power of others, and llrangely wedded to a party '. Fie applied himfelf more to his func- tion than Bifliops had commonly done, and went about his diocefe, and preach'd and confirm'd in many places •, but his preaching was without much vivacity or learning, as he had not pafs'd thro' his ftudies with the exactriefs that was proper. He was a great Patron of the Converts from Popery, and of thole Protedants, who had been oblig'd to leave France for their religion. His chief attachment dur- ing the reign of King Charles II. had been to the Lord-treafurer Danby •, but he was hated by the Duke oi York^ whorn he greatly offended by his frequent complaints to the King of the infolence ot fhe Papilfs, and efpecially of Mr. Coleman, the Duke's j Burnet, W. /. /. 392. and vol. //. /. 630. 1^6 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson% Duke's Secretary ^. He was one of thofe eminent perfons in the following reign, who met at the Earl of Shre-wfiury*?, houfe, for concerting proper ad- vices for the Prince of Orange\ condudf , and draw- ing up the declaration, on which they advifed his Highnefs toen^iage ' ; and he joined in the invitation of thiit Prince by the perfuafion of the Earl ot Dan- hy '". I'iis oppofition to the court after the revolu- tion, in concurrence with the Tory party, began, after he liad been fet afide in the difpofal of the Archbifhopric to Dr. Tillotson, and it was ftill heighten'd upon the promotion of Dr. Tenison to that Ste ^ and in the reign of Queen Anne he always fupported thofe m.eafures, which were moft agreeable to her Majelly's own inclination and principles. Mis Lordfliip's expeftation of fucceeding Arch- bifliop San CROFT upon the deprivation of the lat- ter, and \\\s open falling out, as Mr. Whartoncx- prelfes it % with the Dean of St. P^mI's, are men- tioned by that writer, who adds, that the Dean la- bour'd to exclude his Lordfliip from the Arch- bifhopric, and earneilly prefled the King to give it to Bifhop Stillingfleet. But for thefe two Lift fads 1 have not met with any other authority. To refume the hiftory of the Convocation, the new Prolocutor being prefented on the 25th of No- rjcmber to the Bilhop of London, Prefident of the Convocation, whofe Chaplain he had been, for his Lordfliip's approbation, made, according to cuftom, a fpeech in Latin, in which he extoll'd the excellency of the church of England, as efl:abiifh'd by law, a- bove all Chriftian communities, intimating, that it wanted no amendment, and concliuling with the ap- plication of this fentence by way of triumph, Nolu- miis * Burnet, vol. I. p. 392. * Ibid, vol I.f 712. " Ibid. ^. 794i ". MS. Colledions above-cited. jirchbiJJ:op of Canterbury, 187 fijus leges Anglic mutiV.. TJk* Bifliop in his anfwer in the fame language told the Clergy, that *' they '* ouj,ht to endeavour atcmp:r in thole things, that " are not eflcntial in religion, thereby to open the door *' offalvation to a multitude of ftraying Ch-iftians : ♦* That it mull needs be tiieir duty to Ihew the fame *' indulgence and charity to the DifTenters under *' King William, which fome of the Bifliops and " Clergy had promifcd to them in their addrefles *' to King James.'* At the next meeting the Bifliop acquainted the Convocation, that having communicated the royal commifnon, by which they wereimpov/er'd to act, to an eminent Civilian, he had found it def:6tive in not having the Great Seal ; for which reafon he fhould prorogue thtm till that was procur'd. And on the fourth of December that commifllon, dated Ncz-cmler ^Oi was brought, while both houfcs were together in Henry VII's chapel, by the Earl of NotttrnghatTiy with a mefiage from the King, re- j^refcnting, that his Majefty had fummon'd this Convocation, not only becaufe it was ufual, upon holding a Parliament, but out of a pious zeal to do every thing, that might tend to the beft eftablilhment of the church of Englandy which is fo eminent a part of the reformation, and is certainly the beft fuited to the conftitution of this government, and therefore moft fignally deferv'd, and fhould always have, both his favour and prorcclion : And that he doubted not, but that they would afllft him in promoting the welfare of it, fo that no prejudices, which fome men might have labour'd to poflcfs them with, ihould difappoinc his good intentions, or deprive the church of any benefit from their confultations. That he therefore expecfred, that the things, that fhould be propos'd, fhould be calmly and impartially confi- der'd by them : And healTured them, that he would pffer nothing to them, but what Ihould be for the ^ honour. iSS The Life of Dr. John TiLLOTSQij^. honour, peace, and advantage both of the Prote- llant religion in genera!, and particularly of the church oi England. The Bilhops agreed upon an addrefs to his Ma- jefty to thank him " for the grace and goodnefs ** cxprefs'd in his melTage, and the zeal Ihcwn *' in it for the Proteftant religion in general, and *' the church of England in particular, and of the " trull and confidence repos'd in the Convocation ** by the commiffion •» wliich marks of his Majefty's *'' care and tavour they iook'd upon as the conti- ** nuance of the great delivciance, which Almighty *' God had wrought for them by his means, by '* making him the bleffed inibument of preferving *' them D-om falling under the cruelty of Popifh " tyranny. For which as they had often thank'd *■■ almighty God, fo they could not forget that high *' obligation and duty, which they owed to his >' Majefty ; and en thefe new affurances of his pro- •" teclipn and favour to the church, they begged " leave to renew the afTurance of their conftant fi- ** delity and obedience to his Majefty, whom they *' prayed God to continue long and happily to reign '• over them.'* Xhe lovvcr houfe of Convocation, who were de- termined to enter into no debates with relation to alterations, would not confent to this addrefs ; but firft pleaded for the privilege of prefenting a feparate one of their own drawing up ; and then waving that pretenfion, applied themfelvcs to making amend- ments in the draughts fent them by the Bidiopso, in which his Majefty's zeal for the Frotejlant religion in generaly and the church of England in particular^ was acknowledged, the lower houfe thinking, that this imported their owning fome common union with tiie foreign Proteftants °. The reafon, which they afTigned tor refufing th^ir concurrence with the Bifhops " Kennet, vol, III. p. 593. P Burnet, vol. II. p. 33. 'Archhip^op of Canterbury. 189 BilKops in their form, was, that ** they were defi- *' rous to confine their addrefs to his Majefty's mofl: " gracious meirage, and to thofe things only therein, " which concerned the church of England** This occafioned a conference between the two houfes, which was ciiiefly manag'd between the Bifliop of Saltjhury and the Prolocutor •, and tiiefe reafons were reported, why the Bilhops infifted on the cxprefs mention of the Proteftant religion : i. Becaufe it is the known denomination of the common dodrinc of the weftern part of Chrillendom, in oppofuion to the errors and corruptions of the church of Ronu, 2. Becaufe the leaving out this may have ill confe- quenccs, and be liable to ftrange conilru6lions, both at home and abroad, among Protcftants as well as Papifts. 3. Becaufe it agrees with the general rea- fon offered by the Clergy for their amendments, fince this was exprefsly mentioned in the King's melTage -, and in this the church of England being fo much concerned, their Lordfhips thought ii ought to Hand ftill in the addrefs. The lower houfe, after debating thefe reafons, refufed to confent to them, but agreed to thank his Majefty for his pious zeal and care for the honour^ peace, advantage, aTid ejtablijhment of the church of England •, and then to add, whereby we doubt not the intereji of all the Pro- tejiant churches, which is dear to us, will under the influence of your Majejly^s governm'^nt be the better fecured. The upper houfe defiring them to give their reafon, why inftead of the Proteftant religion they inferted Proteftant churches, it was delivered in thele words : " We being the reprefcntative of a '* form'd eftablifh'd church, do not think fit to " mention the word religion, any farther tiian it is " the religion of fome form'd ellahlifh'd church.** Their Lordfhips returned the amendment with this alteration ; *' We doubt not the inrcrcd of the \^ Proteftant religion in this and all other Proteftant i " churches. 190 l^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, *' churches, 6?^." The lower houfe ft ill jealous, that it would be a dimir.ution of the church of Eri£- land to join it with ioreign Proteftant churches, would have the words [this and] omitted -, and at laft, with great difRcuky, an addrefs was agreed, and prefented to the King in the Banauethi7-houfe at Whitehall on 'Thurfday the 12th of December y^ wherein they returned their molt humble acknow- ledgements for his Majefty's mefiage, and the pious zeal and care, which he was pleafed to exprefs therein for the honour, peace, advantage, and efta- blilhment of the church of England -, whereby, they doubted not, the intereft of the Proteftant religion in all other Proteftant churches, which was dear to them, would be the better fecured under the influ- ence of his Majefty's government and protection : And they crav'd leave to alTure him, that in purfu- ance of that truft and confidence, which he repofed in them, they would confider whatfoever fhould be offered to them from his Majefty, without preju- dice, and with all calmnefs and impartiality ; and that they would conftantly pay the fidelity and alle- giance, which they had all fworn to him and the Queen, whom they pray'd God to continue long and happily to reign over them. The King well underftood, why this addrefs omitted the thanks, which the Biftiops had recommended, for his royal commiffion, and the zeal, which he had fhewn for the Proteftant religion •, and why there was no ex- prelTion of tendernefs to the Dillcnters, and but a cool regard to the Proteftant churches. However, his Majefty returned this gracious anfwer, that he " took this addrefs very kindly from the Convoca- *' tion ; and that they might depend upon it, that '* he would do all he had promifed, and all he " could do, for the fervice of the church of Eng- ** land -, and gave them this new affurance, that he " would improve all occafions and opportunities *' for its fervice." The Archbijlop o/" Canterbury. ipi The majority of" the lower houfe had a referved kindncfs for the nonjuring Bifiiops and Clergy ♦, and therefore one ot the members made a zealous ipcech in behalf of the Billiops under fufpenfion, that *' fomething might be done to qualify them to fie *' in Convocation, yet fo as that the Convocation " might not incur any danger thereby." But this matter being of too delicate a nature, was left to farther confideration, while they labour'd to tind out lome other bufmefs to divert them from that, for which they were called together. And therefore on the nth of December the Prolocutor attended the Prefident and Bifiiops, and in the name of the lower houfe reprefented to their Lordfhips, " that *' there were feveral books of very dangerous con- " fequence to the Chriftian religion, and the church ^." oi England; particularly. Notes upon At n ah a- /' sius'i creed, and t-ivo letter i relating to the pre- ** fent Convocation, newly come abroad •," and defired their Lordlhips advice, *' in what way, and "how far fafely, without incurring the penalty of '* the ftatute of 25 Hen. VIll. the Convocation *' might proceed in the preventing the publifhing *' the like fcandalous books for the future, and ** inflidting the cenfures of the church, accord- *' ing to the Canons provided in that behalf, upon " the authors of them.'* Upon which the Prolo- cutor on the 13th of that month acquainted the houfe, " that the Prefident had declared his fcnfe " of the ill confequence of thole books, that wen': *' fcnt up from that houfe to their Lordfhips j and '* that, upon inquiry, he could not receive any la- *' tisfa and confequently it was an eafe to be freed from fuch an attendance to no purpofe. But the ill reception, which the Clergy gave the King's meflage, raifed a great clamour againft them, fmce all the promifes made in King James IPs time were now fo intirely forgot \ However, there is obferv'd by Bifhop Burnet • a very happy direction of the providence of God in this matter. The Jacobite Clergy, who were then under ^ Hiftorical account of the whole proceedings of the Convo- cation, printed at the end of Voyi Clcri, London 1690, 4/^. and Kennet, p. 594, 595. ' Burnet, vol. H. p. 33. • Ibid, and p. 34. This Remark of the Eifhop has been animadverted upon by Mr.TiNDAL in his Continuation of Ra- Pin's Hiftory, Fol. I. B. xxn;. p. iii. Note, (l). zd Edit. fol. who oblerves, that it is ftrange, that one, who thought a re- formation in the Rubric, Canons, and Ecclefiaillcal Courts was much wanted, fhould believe the particuLir interpofition of Hea- ven to prevent it, on account of the iil ufe, tliat might be made of it by a few nonjuring Clergy ; whereas the rciormation in- tended would have been of infinite advantage to the Church, as it would have removed all the exceptionable pr.rts of her Wor- ftiip and Diicipline, and thereby enlarged the Bounds of Com- munion. ylf c/jlf iJJjGp c/Oantcvhrny . 1^3 Under fulpenlioni, were clcfigning to make .a fchilni in Cijt church, whenever chcy Ihuiild be turned out, nnd their places fhouid be filltd up by others. They law, thit it would not be eafy to make a fcpaiation upon a private and perfonal account, and therefore wilh'd to be turnifh'd with more Tpecious pretences, if thcretoreany alterations had been made ih the ru- bric and other parts of the common prayer, they would have pretended, that they flill ftuck to the antient church of Enghnd^ in oppofition to thofe, who v/ere altering it, and fetting up new models. But tho* they hop'd and wifh'd, that thofe altera- tions might be made, which they reckon'd would have been of great advantage for ferving their ends ; yet they were at the fame time the inllrumcnts of raifing fuch a clamour againfb them, as prevented their being made •, which, if they had been carried by a majority in the Convocation, Vv^ould, by the beft judgment, that could be afterwards form'd, have on that account done more hurt than good. Such important points, as were the fubjecl of the commifTicn, and intended for the coilfideration of the Convocation, occafioncd the pubHcation of fe- veral pamphlets in favour of, as well as againft, the intended comprehenfion. Amorig the farmer was 3. Difcourfe concerning that comwjjion^ proving it to he agreeable to the law of the land, ufeful to the Convoca- tinny tending to the well-being of the cburcbj andfeafon- able at this jiin^ure, written by Dr. Thomas Tegi- son, and printed at London 1689 in 4to. and A letter to a friend relating to the prefen: Corrjocation, dated T^oi-ember 27, 16S9, and fometimes afcrib*d to Dr. TiLLOTSON, tho' the real author of it was Dr. Humphrey PaioEi^ux'. On the other fide was pubiifli'd Vox CUri : cr the fe>fe cf the Cltrgy con- cerning the making of clleratiam in the eflcllifrfd lir ivjgyy * Sec his Life, /■ 58. o 3f94 ^^^ ^^fi ^f ^^' John TiLLOTSONy iurzy \ i^'ith fonie remarks on the difcourfe concern^ ing the ecclefiaftical commilTion, and fever al letters- for alterations J London 1650 in 40. This was im- puted to Mr. Thomas Long, Prebendary of Exeter -, and was oppofed by /In anfwcr to Vox Cleri, &c. examining the rcafons agalnfi making any alterations and abatements in order to a comprehenfton^- cindfjjewlng the expedlemy thereof ; faid to be written by Dr. Willi AM Payke, and printed at I-c«^(?;z 1690 ifi 4to. Vox Popull\ or the fen fe of the foher laymen of the f^wrr/^ %^ was removed to that oi St . yhidrez*/ s Hdhoru ^ which he held till July 1691, when he was confccrated Biftiop o'i Narivich in the room of Dr. Wklliaivl Lloyd, deprived for not taking the o:.ths, and in July 1707 tranflated to the See o( Ely, upon the death of Dr. Patrick. He died on the 3ifl: of Jidy 17 14, at the age of fiKty- eight. In the fame letter the Dean takes notice of his having fpoken to the King the Sunday before con- cerning Mr. Samuel Jciinson ; and that his Ma- jefty feemed well inclined to what he had moved for that Divine, but did not pofjiveiy 4^termine to take that courfe. This refers to fome requefl:, which Lady Russel had dcfued the Dean to make to his Majefty in favour Oi Mr. Johnson, for whom file had great zeal, out of regard both to the memory of her hufband, whofe Chaplain he had been, and to the merit of his writings and fufrerings. This remarkable man v/as born in Staffordjljire^ cdu ■cated firft at 6'/. Paul's fchool-^ thence removed' to Trinity-college in Camlrid^e % and on the ill of March 16— , prefented by Mr. Robert Eiddulph to the Reftory of Ccrrir,ghos,i in the hundreds of £/- fex'^y worth 80/. a year i the only church prefer- ment, which he ever enjoyed. But the air of that place not agreeing with his health, he was obliged to put in a Curate to fupply the living, and came to Loi'.don, where his knowledge of politics, and the CQnIlitution and hiftory of his country, recom- O 4 mended * Some rnemorials prefix' dto his works. * Kn j cut's Life of Dean Colet, p. 41 1. ^ Newcocrt's Repertorium, ^jol. II. p. igi. 200 jT/v Life of Br. John Tillotson, mended him to the acquaintance of the principal perfons engaged in an oppofition to the meafures and defigns of the court, and particularly the Earl of £/r^-v, and the Lord Russel, the latter of whom appointed him his domeftic Chaplain. His Julian the Jpojlate, publiflied in 1682, was intended to expofe the do6lrines of paffive obedience and non- refiftance, which were carried at that time to an ex- travagant height by v^riters even of his own order, and to iliew the great difference betwixt the cafe of the primitive Chnftians, who had the lav/s againft' them, and ours, who have the laws on our fide. This provoked the court to fuch a degree, that he was profecuted for it as a very fcandalous and fedi- tious lihly and fentenced in the King's Bench on the jith o'i February 168^ to pay five hundred marks for a fine to the King •, to find fureties for his good behaviour for a year •, and to be committed to x'vit prifon of the King's Bench till this be paid and done ; :^nd that his book be burnt by the hands of the com- mon hangman. Being incapable to difcharge his fine, he continued in prifon in extremely neceffitous circumflances -, and there drew upon himfelf a new perfecution in the reign of King James If, by v^riting and printing in r686, An humble and hearty nddrefi to all the EngliHi Prctejiants in the prefent army. The fentence, which he received, was a very fevere one, to ft and in the pillory in Wejlminjler^ Charing- crofs, and the Royal Exchange •, to pay a fine of five hundred marks •, and to be whipp'd from Ncjjgate to Tyburn. Prcvioufly to his futier- ;ng, he was degraded in the Cbapter-hcufe of St. PauTsiy on the 2 2d of November., by Dr. Crew, Billiop of Durham^ Dr. Sprat, Bifhop of Rochejfer, and Pr. White, Bifhop of Peterborough., and fe- veral Divines of the city i Dr. Stjllingfleet, Dean o\ St. Paul's., refufing to attend on thaf 0(ica- ficn. He bore thewhippinfr on the iirtl 01 Decern- k Archhijl:op of Canterbury. 2 o I htr following with great fortitude. Tiie rcvolu" tion rcftorcd him to his liberty, and the judgment given againft him in 1686 was declared illegal and cruel, and his degradation null ; and the houTe of Lords prcfented two addreflts to King William recommending him to preferment : And the reafon why he never received any, is to be derived from his own temper and conduit. For with very good abilities, confiderable learning, and great clearncfs, ftrength, and vivacity of fcntiment and exp/efTion, of which his writings area fufRcient evidence, among which his few fermons are equal in their kind to his other performances j and with a fifmnefs of mind capable of fupporting the fevereft trials for any cjufe, the truth or importance oi which he wascon- vinc'd of; he was pafTionate, impatient of contra- didion, felf opinionated, haughty, and apt to over- rate his own fervices, and undervalue thofe of others, whofe advancement above himfelf was an infup- portable mortification to him. In what manner he treated BiPnop Burnt-t, againft whom he had a peculiar fpleen, appears from his writings, efpe- cially iiis Notes on the Phanix edition of the pajloral letter. Nor was he much more gentle to Dean TiLLOTsoN, efpecially on account of his letter to Lord RussEL : But the Dean bore it with his ufual temper, and ftill endeavoured to ferve him to the utmoft of his pov/er, and in fo fecret a manner, that Mr. Johnson fhould not difcover his obliga- tions to him, it being not uncommon with the lat- ter to return the kindnefies received from perfons, whom he difliked, with an air ot the utmoft con- tempt, as he-did that of the Dean, when he fent him a prcfent of thirty pounds during his confinement in the King's Bench, tho* his necelfities forced liim to accept ot the money. The roughncfs of iiis temper, and turbulency of his genius, rendered him alio unfit for the higher ftc.tions of the cliurch, of \vliich he 202 ^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, he was immoderately ambitious •, as well as his free* dom in delivering his lenti meats with relation to all iubjeds and perfons, without management or deco- rum ; a hberty, which he often excrcifed even in the Court itfelf, where he publicly faid, that upon the principle of Kings being accountable only to God, the Rump Parliament had done right to fend King Charles I. to him. As he could not fuccecd in his applications for a Bifhopric in England^ and would not fubmit to any inferior preferment in the church, having refufed the rich Deanry of Durbamy he changed his former follicitations into one for a penfion irom the King ; in which he was at lafl: gratified, having the grant of 300/. pound a year for his own and his fon's life, with 1000/. in mo- ney, and a place of 100/. a year for his fon. He did not furvive his Majefly much above a year, dy- ing about May 1703. ^ The King had now fixed upon Dr. Tillotson for the fuccefibr to the fufpended Archbifliop, if the latter fhould incur, as he feemed determined, a fentence of deprivation : And he communicated this inteniion to the Doctor, when he kifs'd his Majefly 's hands for the Deanry of S(. Paurs. But this fa£t will be bell reprefentcd in the Dean's own v/ords in his Letter to Lady Russel, which I fhall infert liere at length, as well as fome others, fince a mere abflrai^L would be an injury to the reader, and to as great a mailer of the epiflolary, asofall other kinds of v\^riting. And it is cbfervable, that this letter is an unanfwerabie confutation of a report propagatcil to the difad vantage of Bilhop Burnet, that he had a view himlelf to the Archbifliopric, and that his difappointment in that refped; was the ground of an incurable refentmcnt againll a Prince, 10 whom he had been fo much obliged. Lofidon. ■'■' S /. L k; 0 N 's Hifiory and Atiquities oi'l'ih. ^rMij?:op of Cunizihmy, 203 London, Septemhr 19. 16S9. " f Honoured Madam, ** T Received both your letters, and before the *' \_ latter came to my hands, I gave your Lady- " Ihip Ibmekind of anfwer to the firll, as the time '* would let me, for the poft flaid for it. But hav- ^' ing now a little more leifure, you will, I hope, " give me leave to trouble you with a longer Ict- ^' ter. " I was not at IIampto>i'Court laft Sunday^ being *' almolV tired out with ten weeks attendance, fo " that I have had no opportunity to try further in ^' the bufinels I wrote of in my lall, but hope to " bring it to fome ifilie the next opportunity I can *' get to fpeak with the King. I am forry to fee in "^ Mr. Johnson fo broad a mixture of human ^' frailty with lo confiderable virtues. But when I ?' look into myfeif, I muft think it pretty v/ell, " when any man's infirmities are in any meafure " ovtr-balanced by his better qualities. I'his good *' man, I am fpeaking of, has at fome times not ^' ufed me over-well ; for which I do not only for- ?■' give him, when I confider for whofe fake he did " it, but do heartily love him. *' The King, befides his firfb bounty to Mr, '* Walker '', whofe modefty is equal to his me- " rir, ' From a copy in the pofTefiion of the Right Reverend Dr. £dml'n D Gibson, late Lord EiiUiop of Z-cWc;«. •* Mr George Walker, jtiftly famcus for his defence of London-Dcrry in Ireland, was born of Eti'^liJ}} parer ts in the county oi Tyrone, in that kingdom, and educated in the imi/er- fity oi Clafoo-iv in Scotland. He \va.. af.crvvards Rcdcr of Do- voghmore, not many miles from the ci;y of Lor.do'i-Di-ry. Upon the revolution he raifed a regiment for the defence of the Pro- teftants, and upon intelligence of King James having a defign to befiege Londcn-Derry, retired thither, being at la:l cholen governor of it. After the raifing of that fiege he came to En^- larJ^ where he was moit gracioufly received by their iM.ijeifie^, ar.d J04 The Life of Dr, John Tillotson, " rit, hath made Kim Bilhop of Xo«ii7;7-D^rry, one *' of the bell Biflioprics in Ireland j that fo he may *' receive the reward of that great fervice in the " place where he did it. It is incredible how much " every body is pleafed with what the King hath *•' done in this matter, and it is no fmall joy to me " to fee, that God direds him to do fo wifely. *' I will now give your Ladyfhip a fhort ac- count of his Majefty's difpofal of our Englijh church preferments, which I think he has done as well as could be expeded in the midft of the powerful importunities of fo many great men, in '* whom I difcern too mucli of court-art and con- " trivance for the preferment of their friends ; yea " even in my good Lord Notiingbam more than I '' could wifh. This is a melancholy conlkleration " to one in my ftation, in which 1 do not fee, how " it is pofilible fo to manage a man's felf between " civility and fincerity, between being willing to *' givegood v/ordsto all, and able to do good to very " tew, as to hold out an honeft man, or even the *' reputation of being fo, ayear to an end. '^ I promifed a fhort account, but I am long ^' before I come to it. " The Dean of St. PauPs, Bifhop of IVorceJier \ " the Dean of Peterborough., of Cbicbcjler. An " humble fervant of your's. Dean of St. P<7k/'s. " The Dean of Norwich is Dean of Canterbury ; " and Dr. Stanley, Clerk of his Majefty's clokr, *' is Rcfidcntiary of St. Paufs, \ and Dr. Fairfax ''• Dean of Noy'v::kh. The Warden of All Souls " " in and or. the lotli of XcV'-mhr 1689, received the thanks of the houfc cf Commons, havjng juil before publifhed an account of thatfiege. He was created Doctor of divinity by tlic univerfitv C'i O.^J'nd on the :6th of FiiruaryiG^l, in liis return to Ireland, \vherc he was kilTd the beginning of July ifoo at tlie paflage oi' (;:o Bcyfify h.ninq refolved to ferve that canipjjjgn before he took pOiTi-fiion of his Bifliopric. * Mr. Leopold William Fincm. fi.'th fosi ofHrNFAnt i;*iT iC Archhiffjop of Canterbury. 2 o f in Oxford is Prebendary of Canterbury \ and Mf . Nixon hathchc otlier Prc4-)trnd there, void by the death of Ur. Jeffreys. Theie two laft merited of the King in the Weft, Mr. Finch by going in early to him, and Mr. Nixon', who is my Lord '' oi Bathes chaplain, by carrying meflages between " the King and my Lord of Bath, as the Kinghim- " felf told me, with the hazard of his life. St. An- *' dreio's and Covent- Garden are not yet difpofed. *' Dr. Birch (which I had almoft forgot) is Prc- *' bendary of IVeJiminJler •, and, which grieves me *' much, Monf. Allix put by at prefent. But my *' Lord Privy-Seal ^ would not be denied. The *' whole is as well as could eafily be in the prcfenii *' circumftance?. '^ But now begins m.y trouble. After I had kifs'd " the King's hand for the Dcanry of St. Paul's, I *' gave his Majefty my moft humble thanks, and " told him, that now he had fet me at eafe for the " remainder of my life. He replied, No fuch mat- " ter, I ajfure you -, and fpoke plainly about a " great place, which 1 dread to think of, and *' Taid, ;'/ was neceffary for his fer-jice, and he mujl " charge Earl Gi{Winchelfta by Lady Marv, fecond ddughtcr of Wil- liam Seymour, Duke of S'/WJir/t^. He was bom at Gi*;,'?.^/.'- tinopte, while his father was Embaflador there, cdacued aC Chrifi-Church in Oxford, and cleftcd Warden of All-Souls by mandamus of King James II. on the 2ilt of y^^/z/wrj i^J'j, having been elefted Feltow of that college from Chiijt-cburci, where he was educated, and had taken the degree of Bachelor of arts, D^r. 17. 1681, as he did tliat of Maltcr, Dc-r^^ji^f;- 1635. How oppofite his principles had been to thofe of the rcvclurio.n, in which he fo early join'd, may be judged of by his dedication to James Earl of Abin2tjn, of an £»^i'i/;' tranilation ofCoR- N t M us Nepos, by fevcral hand?, printed at Oxford in 1 68^ ; in wiiich having ridiculed the Popiili plot by the name 01 Drt TjTVs'j plof, and rejoiced, that it ccmrs to the Fanatics turn ta hang, he complains of the fl.'gue cf Republican prindples, and glories in the gownfmens ajjerti/ig one cf the mofi lacrrd ejentin.ts of tie gcnjerntr.int, tie limal fucccjjion, n'.hich CjuU neitbtr h}[ tin difpenlatiitiof the Pope, orthepoivtr cfPariiu:a:^.:, be aitiri'd. ' Tiie .VIar(ju;5 sf Hallifax. 2o6 'The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " charge it upon my confcience. Jiift as he had faid thisj ** he was called to fupper, and I had only time to *' fay, that when his Majefly was at lei lure, I did *' beheve I could fatisfy him, that it would be moft *' for his fervice, that 1 fliould continue in the fta- " tion, in which he had now placed me. This hath *' brought me into a real difficulty. For on the *' one hand it is hard to decline his Majefty's com- ** mands, and much harder yet to fti'.nd out againft " fo muchgoodnefs, as his Majefty is pleafedto ufe " towards me. On the other, I can neither bring *' my inclination nor my judgment to it. This I " owe to the Biiliop of SaliJLury^ one of the worft " and beft friends I know : Kelt for his fmgular good *' opinion of mc : And the worft for directing the " King to this method, Vv'hich I knovv he did ; as " if his Lordlhip and I had concerted the matter *' how to finifli this foolifli piece of dilTimulation, in '' running away from a Billiopric to catch an Arch- *' biiliopnc. This fine device hath thrown me fo *' far into the briars, that, without his Majefty's ** great goodnefs, I fliall never get ofi without a *' fcratch'd face. And now I will tell your Lady- " fhip the bottom of my heart. I have of a long " timcj 1 thank God for it, devoted myfelf to the *' pubhc fervice, without any regard lor myfelf -, " and to that end have done the bell I could in the " beft manner I was able. Of late God hath been ** pleafed by very fevcre ways, but in great good- " ntfs to me, to wean me perfectly from the love of *' this world ; fo that worldly greatnefs is now not ♦» only UFidefirable, but diftaitclul to me. And I '* do verily believe, that I fliall be able to do as much ** or more good in my prcftnt ilacion, than in a " higher, and fliall not have one jot Itfs intereft or *' influence upon any others to any good purpofe ; *' for the people naturally love a man, that will ** take great p;jins and little prtlcrment. But oa " the Archhifiop 0/ Canterbury. 207 «' the other hand, if 1 could force my inclination to *' t;ikc this great place, I forefce, that I fhould fink *' under it, and grow melancholy and good for no- *' thing, and afrer a little while die as a fool dies. *' But this. Madam, is a great deal too much " upon one of the worft and nicelt fubjcds in the •' world, a man's felf. " As I was finifhingthis long letter, which if your " goodnefs will forgive, I hope never to have occa- " Hon to try it fo far again, I received your letter, <' and fhall fay no more of Dr. More, of whofe *= preaching I always knew your Ladylhip's opini- " on. The perfon I mentioned was Mr. Kidder^ •' on whom the King has beftow'd the Deanry of *' Peterborough^ and therefore cannot have it. I am *' fully of your Ladylhip's opinion, that what my "• Lord Bedford does in this matter, mufb not ap- " pear to be done by him, for fear of bringing o- " ther importunities upon the King. If my Lord " thinks well of Dr. Horneck, Dr. More would *' then certainly have 5/. Andreis/s. " I thank God for the health your fiimily enjoys, " as for that of my own -, and equally pray for the ** continuance of it, and all other bleffings. I would " fain find room, to tender my humble fcrvice to my " 'LovdiO^ Bedford y my Lord Russel, and two of *' the belt young ladies I knov/. I am, Honoukei> '* Madam, more than I can exprefs, " Your moft oblig'd and obedient fervant, John Tillotson." Lady Rl'ssel, in her anfv/er to this letter defii'd to know of the Dean the charafbers of two of the city Divines, Mr. Samuel Freeman, and Mr. JoH^f Williams, of the latter of whom llie had heard him fpeak in very advantageous terms, fince thefe two were nov7 thu only perfons, who Jav before the Earl 2o8 I'he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, Earl of Bedford for his confideration \ in order to be recommended to the King for the Living of Covent Garden •, his Lordfhip not being inclin'd to Dr. More, and the parifli in a high degree averfe to Dr. HoRNECK. Her Ladyfhip then proceeds to the Dean's own cafe. " Now a few words, fays /he ^ to " your own concern, that bears fo heavy upon your " mind, and 1 have done. I know not, if I fliould *' ufe the phrafe, integrity is my idol ; but I am " fure I admire and love it hugely, wherever I *' meet it. I do pity you, Mr. Dean, and think '^ you have a hard game upon your hands •, which *' it it fhould happen you cannot play off your own *' way, you can do better than a man lefs mortified " to the world could ; becaufe if you ferve the in- " tereft of religion and the King's, you are doing " what you have dedicated yourfclfto, and therefore " can be more regardlefs of ignorant and wicked " cenfures -, for, upon my word, I believe you will *' incur no other. Your character is above it, if *' what you fear fhould come upon you. But as I " conceive there are fix months yet to deliberate *' upon this matter, you know the old faying, many " things fall out between the cup and the lip. And ** pray do not fill your head with the fears of a trou- *' ble, tho' never lb great, that is at a diftance, and may never be. For if you think too much on a matter you dread, it will certainly dillurb your quiet, and that will infallibly injure your health i and you cannot but fee. Sir, that would be of a bad confequence. The King is willing to hear you •, you know your own heart to do good, and you have lived fome time, and have had ex- perience. You fay well, that fuch a one is the beil and word friend. I think I fliould have had more tendernels to the v/ill and temper of my friend. And for his juftification, one may fay, he prefers good to m:^.ny, before gratifying one 3 " fingle ArchbijJjop (j/'Canterbury. 209 *' lingle perfon ; and a public good ought to carry " a man a great way. But I Ice your judgment '* (ifyour inclination does not bias too far) isheartily *' againft hrim in this matter, that you think you " cannot do fo much good then, as now. We muft ** fee, if you can convince him thereof ; and when *' he is mailer of that notion, then let him labour *' to make your way out of thofe briars he has done " his part to bring you into ; tho' fomcthing eife *' would have done it without him, I believe, if I *' am not mi (taken in this, no more than I am, that * this letter is much too long." The Dean's reply ' to this letter was written a few days after. Edmonton^ Sept. 24, 1689. " Honoured Madam, " T U S T now I received your Ladyfhip's letter. *' J Since my laft, and not before, I underftand *' the great averfenefs of the parifh from Dr, Hor- *' neck; fo that if my Lord 0^ Bedford \izd liked " him, i could not have thought it fit, knowing how ** necefTary it is to the good effect of a man's mini- " {try, that he do not lie under any great prejudice *' with the people. The two, whom the Bifhop " of Chichejler' hath nam'd, are, I think, of the *' worthieft of the city minifters, fince Mr. Kid- " DER declines it, for the reafon given by the Bi- " Ihop -, and, if he did not, could not have it, not ** becaufeofany inconfifiency in the preferments, " but becaufe the King, having fo many obligations *' yet toanfwer, cannot at the fame time give two " fuch preferments to one man. For the two per- ♦' fons mention'd, if comparifon mull be made be- " tween • From a copy in the pofiieiTion of the late Bifhop of London* * Dr. Pat Ricn. P 210 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " tween two very good men, I will tell your Lady- *< fliip my free thoughts of them. *' Mr. Williams is really one of the beft men " I know, and moft unwearied in doing good, " and his preaching very weighty and judicious. " The other is a truly pious m.an, and of a win- " ning converfation. He preaches well, and hath " much the more plaufible delivery, and, I think, ♦* a ftronger voice. Both of them (which I had " almoft forgot) have been fleady in all changes of '* times. This is the plain truth •, and yet I muft not *' conceal one particular and prefent advantage on Dr. '* Freeman's fide. On Sunday-m^t laft the King " afk*d me concerning a city-minifter, whofe name ** he had forgot •, but faid, he had a very kind re- " membrance of him, having had much converfa- *' tion with him, when his Majefty v/as very young ** in Holland^ and wondered he had never ieen him *' fmce he came into England. I could not imagine, " who he fhould be, till his Majefty told me he " was the Englijh AmbafTador's Chaplain above *' 20 years ago •, meaning Sir William Tem- ** ple's. Upon that I knew it was Dr. Freeman. *' The King faid, that was his name, and defired " me to find him out, and tell him, that he had not *' forgot him, but remembered with pleafure the *' acquaintance he had with him many years ago ; " and had charged me, when there was an oppor- " tunity, to put him in mind of him. I'his I " thought both great goodnefs in the King, and " modefty in Dr. Freeman, never to fhew himfelf *' to the King all this while. By this your Lady- *' _fhip will judge, who is like to be moft accepta* ** ble to the King, whole fatisfadion as well as fer- *' vice I am oblig'd to regard, efpecially in thedif- " pofal of his own preferments, though Mr. WiL- •' LiAMS be much more my friend. " I men- Archhij%op of Canterbury. 2 \ \ ** I mentioned Mr. Johnson again, but his Ma- " jcfiy put on other dilcourfe ; and my Lord Privy ^* Seal told me yefterday morning, that the King " thought it a little hard to give pennons out of his " purfe, indcad ot" cliurch preferments •, and tells ** me Mr. Johnson is very fharp upon me 1 his ** Lordfliip called it railing •, but it fliall not move " me in the lead. His Lordfliip afl<'d me, whether *' it would not be well to move the King to give *' him a good BiHiopric in Ireland^ there being feve* ** ral void ? I thought it very well, if it would be " acceptable. His Lordfhip faid, that was all one % *' the offer would ftop many mouths as well as his j " which, I think, was well confider'd. *' I will fay no more of myfelf, but only thank •* your Ladyfliip for your good advice, which I " have always a great difpofition to follow, and a " great deal of reafon, being aflur'd it is fincere as *' well as wife. The King hath fet upon me again " with greater earnelinefs of perfuafion, than is fit " for one, that may command. I begg*d as ear- *' neftly to be confidered in this thing, and ^o we •' parted upon good terms. I hope fomething *' will happen to hinder it. I put it out of my mind •' as much as I can, and leave it to the good provi- *' dence of God for the thing to find its own iffue^ ** To that I commend you and yours, and am, " Madam, " Yours by all pofTible obligation, J. TiLLOTSOJi. " If Mr. Johnson refufe this off^^r, and it fhould ** be my hard fortune not to be able to get out of '* this difficulty, which I will, if it be pofTible to •* do it without provocation, 1 know one, that \vill ** do more for Mr. Johnson than was defired of •' the King •, but ftill as from the King, for any ** thing that he fhall knov/. But I hopefome much *' better way will be found ; and that there v/ill be *' neither occafion nor opportunity for this.'* P 2 ' Ths tt2 The Life of Dr. John Tillo^son'j The Dean's recommendation in this letter of Dr. Freeman had its full weight in procuring him the Reftory of Covent -Garden^ to which he was inftituted December 28, 1689^'', being removed thither from that of St. Anne's Alderfgate^ to which he had been prefented in 'November ^ 1670, by Dr. Henchman, Bifhop of London '. He had been alfo Vicar of his native town of Olney in Buckinghampire, and was preferred to the Deanry of Peterborough about Au- gufi 169T, upon the advancement of Dr. Kidder to the Bifhopric of Bath and TFells^ and was fucceed- ed in that Deanry at his death, which happened O^. 14th 1707, at the age of fixty-three, by Dr. White Kennet, afterwards Bifhop of P^/^r^(jrc?^^(6 ■". He was a man of great pleafantry in converfation •, but his performances in the pulpit were not equally ad- mired : on which account Dr. Garth introduced him in the fourth canto of his Difpenfary, under the epithet of myfterious, and defcribed him as preaching his parijh to a lethargy. Mr. Williams, the other Divine, mentioned by the Dean as a friend highly efteemed by him, was a- native of Northampionjhirey and entered in 1 65 1 a Commoner of Magdalen- Hall y in the univerfity of Oxford^ at the age of about feventeen % and took the degree of Bachelor of arts December 14th 1655% and that of Mafter June nth 1658 ^ ; about which time he entered into holy orders. He was collated to the Redtory of St. Mildred in the Poultry in the city oi London in September 1673*^, and to the Pre- bend * Newcourt Repertorium, mol. I. p. 279. ^ Ibid. •" Willis's Survey. ■ Wood. Athen. Oxon. 'vol. U. col. 1119, 1120. « Fait. Oxon. 'vol. II. col. 108. p Ibid. col. 1.22. ^ Newcourt Repertorium, 'vol.I. p. 503. Mr. Wooo Athen. Oxon. 'uol II. col. 1120. fays, that he had been before this Minifler of.S/. P^/^r'//'a.7/'j-/ir/{'fl;/, and Vic^x oi Wroiham in Kent. Eut we find by Newcourt, 'vol. I. p. 528. that Shis was another perfon of the fame name, who died not long before cii« Revolution. y^rMjfiop of Canterbury. 21^ 'bend of Rugniere in the cathedral of St. Paul's in Sep^ tember 1683'. After the Revolution* he became Chaplain to King William and Queen Mary, and was preferred to a Prebend of Canterbury^ and in December i6g6 advanced to the Bifhopric oi Chi", cbejier^ in which he died in 1709. He was a con- fiderable writer in the controverfies with the Papifts and Diflentcrs, and preached the leflures founded by Mr. Boyle, his fermons on that occafion being publifbed in 1695 in 4to, under the t\i\t o^ The cha- racers of divine revelation. The grounds of the great averfenefs in the patiih of Covent- Garden to Dr. Anthony Horneck are not eafy to be afUgned at this diflance of time. But their diflike to him was die more extraordinary, confidering his prodigious popularity on account of his reputation for piety, and his pathetic fermons, his church at the Savoy being crouded by auditors from the mod remote parts •, which occafioned Dean Freeman to fay, that Dr. Horneck's parilh was much the largeft in town, fince it reached from White- Hail to White- Chafel. He was by birth ^ German f being born at Baccharach in the Lower Pa- latinate in 1641, and was educated at Heidelberghy and then at Ley den., and at the age of nineteen com- ing over to England^ v/as entered of keen's College, Oxfordy December 24, 1663. Two years after he became tutor to the Lord Torrington, fbn to George Duke of Albemarle, who gave him the living of Doulton in Devonjjoire, and procured him a Prebend in the church of Exeter from Bifhop Sparrow. In 1 67 1 he was chofen preacher at the Savoy, upon vhich he refign'd his living in Devon/hire^ being ir- reconcilable to pluralities and non-refidence '. The jfioblc family of the Russels having a great regard P^ for * Nevvcourt, njol.l. f. 20S. ' Life of Anthony Horneck, D. D. by Ric h ar d Lord "B.i^o^ oi Bath and pygHs, p. 3 — S. ft///. London, i^gS. 214 ^^'''^ ^^fi of Dr. John Tillotson, for him, Admiral Russel, afterwards Earl of Or- fordi recommended him to the Queen for prefer- Ijient ; who, by the advice of Dr. Tillotson, then Archbifhop, promifed the next Prebend of IFeji- w/;^i?r,thatfhould fall ; and he accordingly was pre- sented to it in 1693 by her Majefty, to whom he was introduced by the Archbifliop, being now re- ftored to his Grace's good opinion from the preju- dices, which had been raifed againft him'. He and Dr. Beveridge had the chief direftion of the reli- gious Societies, which began to be formed in the reign of King James II. He died of the ftone at his houfe near IVeJlminjfer- Abbey on the 3 liioi January, 1694, in the 56 th year of his age. Mr. Nelson being at Paris , after having attended his Lady to Aix in Fro'vence for the recovery of her health, the Dean wrote from Edmonton a letter to him on the ic^tho'i 0 Bob er 1689, ^^ anfwer to one from that gentleman on the 30th of July. In this letter he gives an account of the difpofal of the church preferments in the manner mentioned in hisf letter to Lady Russel o^ September the 19th, with this addition, that Mr. Kidder and Mr. Freeman had by his intereft been created Doflors of divinity at Cambridge, while the King was there in the be- ginning of O£fober\ and that Dr. More was pre- fented to the Redory oi St. Andrew's Holborn, and Dr. Gilbert Ironside promoted to the See o^ Brif- tol. The latter, who was the Ton of a Bifhop of Brijlol of both his names, had been educated in Wadhom-College in Oxford, while Dr. Wilkins, whom he then highly admired for his great abilities, was Warden of it ; an office, which he aftervyards filled himfelf, upon the promotion of Dr. Bland- ford to the Bilhopric of Oxford in 1665. His dif- iike of the proceedings of Bifhop Fell, Dean of 2 Chrifl^ ^ \ Ibid. / 17 2!» ArchbiJJjop cj Canterbury. 2 1 5 Chrljl 'Churchy which he tiiought fomewhat arbi- trary % prevented him from accepting the office of Vice-Chancellor of the univerfity, till after the death of that Prelate in July 16S6 •, but in the years 1687 ^"^ \6^^ he undertook and difcharged it with all the firmnefs and refolution requifite at a time, when the rights of the Univerfity, and the fafety of theProteftant religion, were in immediate danger. And it was by his addrefs and management, that upon the earlieft notice poflible of the death of James the firft Duke of Orw Wat Kingflon-Hall in Vorfetfiire^ on the 21ft oi July 1688 in the evening, the Univerfity proceeded to the election of his grand Ton, the late Duke oiOrmond, for their Chan- cellor, on the 23d in the morning ; by which means they anticipated the King's mandate in favour of the Lord-Chancellor Jeffries. In the former part of this year 1689, the Dean and his friend Dr. Sharp, now Dean ot Canterbury^ were involv'd in a bufinefs, which took up no fmall fbare of their time. It was a truft, in which they were engaged by the will of Robert Aske, Efq; Alderman of London, and founder of the magnifi- cent hofpical at Hoxton near that city, for maintain- ing twenty poor men of the company q\ Haberdajh- erSy of which he was a member, and twenty boys with a proper education. He dying, and leaving confiderable effects, had made them joint executors of his will, and the Haherdajhers company his heirs \ and among other legacies had left each of the executors 200/. and 400 /. to twenty fuch poor Clergymen, as they fhould nominate- The execu- tors were fo prudent, as to let the agents of the company, whofe concern in this matter was the greateft, have the cuftody of all the ready money and bonds, which were found belonging to the de- P 4 ceafed ; " Wood, Atheiu Oxon. njol. II. col. 1184. Sec likewife «/. 1 1 70. 2i6 The Life of Dr, John Tillotsqk, ceafed ; or at leafl they were put into fome common hand trufted by both parties, till the will was com- pletely executed : nor was there any thing tranfadled relating" to this truft from the time, that the will was open'd, ti41 that of the furrendering all their con- cerns into the hands of the company, but in the prefence, and with the advice and confent of the deputies of the company, particularly Sir Thomas Vernon, and Mr. Mould ; which latter kept the accounts of all things done in this affair. This cau- tion of theirs proved afterwards of great importance to them, by enabling them to give full fatisfadion to fome, who had fufpeded, upon falfe fuggeflions made to them, that the executors had difpofed of fome of the Alderman's effeds, before they de- liver'd in the fchedule to the company. And this fufpicion being rais'd at a time, when they were both Metropolitans, would have been fomcthing more than a blot upon their private charafters, had they not had fufficient evidences to recur to, of their great care and honefty in the management of their truft <>. The Dean of St. Paul*s, among other fubjefts o f his fermons before their Majefties in his courfe, took one upon a point of a very delicate nature, before the Queen on the 7th of March 1 6^. It was upon Matth. XXV. 46. concerning the eternity of Hell torments, which he foon after printed. This fermon gave occafion to a new clamour againft him, as if he had abfolutely denied the doilrine itfelf ; and a groundlefs and abfurd ftory has been handed down amongft the Nonjuring party, that it was written by way of confolation to the Queen, then under the horrors of dcfpair on account of her behaviour to " Extraa of the MS. life of Dr. John Sharp, ArchbLO^op of Tari, by hii fon Dr. Tjiomas S{!arp, Archdeacon of %'crih:nnherland, communicated by hini co me in his leucr of Archbipop of Canterbury . 217 to her father. Dr. Hickes'' difcharges all the ve- nom of his pen againft this wretched fermon^ as he ftyles it, calling out upon the Convocation to cen- fure it, reprefenting it as a matter of triumph to jitbeijis^ Deijls, and Sociniam j and fuggelling, that the reafoning of it was borrowed from a manufcript difcourfe upon the fame fubjefl, ftill extant, and intitled Arcanum theologicum^ which Dr. Hickes owns he had never feen, written by an old fctptic of Norwich. By this defcription he meant Mr. JoHN Whitefoot, who, whileReftor oi Heigham in Norfolk^ preached and publiflied the funeral fermon upon the death of that learned and vene- rable Prelate, Dr. Joseph Hall, Bifliop of Nor- wich^ on the 8th of September i6^6y in the 82d year of his age, and was afterwards Ke6tor of Sf, Peier's of Mancroft in Noriviclp. This fermon of the Dean, which has been fo e- Jaborately defended by Monf. le Clerc in his Bibliotheq^iie choijie y \n 1705, induced Mr. John KeTtlewell, one of the moil pious and moderate of the Nonjurors, who had been formerly Fellow of Lincoln-college in Oxford^ and was Vicar of Colejhill in Warwick/hire till the Revolution, to make fome additions to his Pra5fical believer , firft publifhed in 1688, upon the firft and laft article of the Creed, the one Concerning the proportion between fm and punifhment, and the other with relation to the dif- penfing power in God as to punifhments *. Dr. Whitby likewife in the fecond volume of his Pa- raphrafe and commentary on the New Tejlament, firft publifhed in 1700, and reprinted in 1706, inferred an Appendix to the firft chapter of the fecond epiftle of St. Paul to the Thejfalonians, to fhew, that the endlcfs miferies and torments of the wicked are well confiftent both with the juftlce and the goodnefs of God > in which he endeavours to confute fome of the Dean's * Some difcourfes, /. 44 — 47. y Tom. VII j^rt. 8- p, zgg. > (who feems upon this occafion to have forgot thofe of his friend Dr. Tillotson) oi xhtxrhtingafit modelfor the preachers of the rifing generation. Dr. Lupton himfelf was lefs perfuaded of the perfedlion of his own ' Dr. Lupton's fcrmons, /. 22. "^ Life of Bifhop Bull, /. 491. ArchbiJI:op of Canterbury. 2 1 9 own difcourfes ; for I am well informed, that he dcfired in his laft illncfs, that they might not be pLibUfhed, acknowledging, that he was not that great man, which the world had been fo favourable as to miftake him to be. And indeed he had in fome meafure undeceived the judicious in his life- time by his fermons at Lady Mover's ledlure at Si. Faul'Sy which were thought by his friends and fupe- riors fo little equal to the fubject, and his own cha- rafter, that he was difTuaded from the publication of them. The difpute upon this important queflion was reviv'd by Mr. Whiston in 1740, in a trad re- printed in 1752, and intitled. The eternity of Hell- torments inquired into, ivith a refutation of the com- mon opinion concerning them from fcripture and reafon : the main pofition of which he had laid down in a difcourfe written about September 1707, and printed in his fermons and effays = in 1709. Mr. Whiston's trad was anfwered by Mr. (now Dr.) William DoDWELL, Redor o'i Shottefhrook in Berkfhire, in two fermons preached before the univerfity of Ox- ford in March 1741, and printed there in 8vo in 1743-, in the preface to which he affirms, that the article of the eternity of future punifhment " is *' fo fundamental a part of the Chriftian religion, *' and lo intimately united with its moft effential " doiflrines, and is in itfelf the flrongeft inforce- " ment of its pradical duties, that it is fcarce pof- *' fible to attack it in a more vital branch, or more *' to leffen the influence of this great and gracious '• fcheme for the reformation of mankind, than by *' weakening the fanctions, with which the divine " lawgiver has fupported it." Episcopius, the mofb juftly celebrated writer among the Arminidns, and whofe Inflituliones theo- logies and other writings, have contributed very much • P. 220, 221. 220 T^he Life ofT>r. John Tillotson-, much to the forming of fome of the greateft Divines of our country in the laft age, and in particular Archbifhop Tillotson himfelf, has in his anfvver to the fixty-fecond queftion De ^ternitate pcsnarum inferni^y treated that fubjed in feveral points in the fame manner with his Grace. But whoever is cu- rious to fee it thoroughly difcuffed, may confult the feveral authors cited by the learned Dr. Edmund Law, Archdeacon of Carlifle, in his notes upon his tranQation of Archbifhop King's Latin difcourfs concerning the origin of evil. Upon the meeting of the new parliament on the 20th of March \6 4l-> their Majefties having ap- pointed a fall, on the i6th of Jipril kAlomng, to implore the divine favour and bleffing on their forces and preparations by fea and land, and for thepreferva- tion of the King's perfon, who was then determined to hazard it in Irelajtd againft King James, tho' fupported by a body of French troops, as well as the whole ftrength of the Papifts in that kingdom, the Dean was dcfired by the houfe of Commons to preach before them on that occafion. His fermon was upon Ecclef. ix. ii. to Ihew, thztfucce/s is not always answerable to the probability of fecond caufes. And on another faft on the i8th oi June 1690, he preached before the Lord -Mayor and Aldermen of London on Jerem. vi. 8- pointing out the way t& prevent the ruin of a finful people. This fermon he iikewife publifhed, with a dedication to Sir Tho- mas Pilkington, then Lord -Mayor, in which he exprefied his wifhes, that it might have the good effed intended by him, for the reformation of man- ners, and reconciliation of the unhappy differences of that time i the latter of which topics he in- fills on with great force and pathos, complain- ing, that the odious names and diflindions of par- ties, which had been Jaid afide during their com- inon / P. G-. Edit. Amilerdanu j6jo, /;/. Jrchhipop of Canterbury : 2 n mon danger, were immediately after their deli- verance by the revolution revived with greater heats and animofities, if pofilble, than before. Nor were thefe two his only faft-fermons during that year ; for he preach'd a third before the Queen ^zWhitehatlon the 1 6th 0^ September 1690, upon Z^^^. vii. 5. how to keep a truly religious faji. In this difcourfe he takes occafion to mention the late wonderful deli- verance under the c&ndu^ and valour of one of the befi and bravejl of Princes^ whom he ftyles, " the great: " benefaiftor not only to thefe nations, but even to ** all Europe^ in aflerting and maintaining their li- " berties againft the infolent pride and unjuft cn- " croachments of one of the greateft oppreflbrs the '* world had known for many ages ;" to whom he beautifully applies the defcription of the Leviathan in Job. He propofes likewife to the whole court the pattern itt them by the Queen, *' of a decent *' and unaffedled devotion, of a moit ferious and ** fteady attention, without wandering, without ** diverfion, and without drowiinefs : Such an ex- ** ample, adds he, as I cannot: but hope v/ill in a ** fhort time gain upon us all, and by a mox-e gentle " and filent reproof win us to the imitation of it.'* The See of Canterbury becoming vacant by the deprivation of Archbilliop Sancroft on the ill of February i64-|-» the King continued, for feveral months after, his importunities to the Dean for his acceptance of it \ which he ftill endeavoured to avoid. In this fituation he wrote the following let- ter to Lady Russel, which begins with a conJo- lence upon the lofs of two of her near relations, her fifter the countefs of Montagu, and her nephew Wriothesly Baptist, Earl oi Gain/bcroughy who died on the 21ft of September that year ; the former of whom her Ladyfhip, in a letter to Bifhop Bur- net of the 1 6th of Oilober, defcribes as/^ amiable a creature, that ihe defcrv'd to be remembered by all thofe 2tz T!he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, thofe who knew her; and the latter as a jufiftncere man. '' Edmonton^ O^ohr g, 1690. ** « Honour'd Madam, SINCE I had the honour of your letter, I was tempted to have troubled you with one of mine upon the fad occafion of your late great lofs of two fo near relations, and fo near together. But I confidered, why fhould I pretend to be able either to inftrudl or comfort my Lady Russel, who hath borne things much more grievous with fo exemplary a meeknefs and fubmiflion to the will of God, and knows, as well as I can tell her, that there is no remedy inthefe cafes but patience, nor any comfort but in the hopes of the happy meeting of our deceafed friends in a better life, in which forrow and tears Ihall have no more place to all eternity ? *' And now I crave leave to impart fomething of my own trouble to your Ladyfliip. " On Sunday laft the King commanded me to wait upon him the next morning at Kenjington. I did fo, and met with what I feared. His Ma- jefty renewed his former gracious offer in fo preffing a manner, and with fo much kindnefs, that I hardly knew how to refill it. I made the bed acknowledgments I could of his undeferved grace and favour to me, and begg'd of him to confider all the confequences of this matter, being well alTured, that all that llorm, which wasraifed in Convocation the laft year by thofe, who will be the church of England, was upon my account ; and that the Bifhop of L was at the bottom of it, out of a jealoufy, that I might be a hin- drance to him in attaining what he defires, and what, I call God to witnefs, I would not have " And • From a copy in the poiTeflion of the Ute Bifhop of LonJo-. Archhip:op of Canterbury. 223 '"* And I told his Majefty, that I was flill afraid, '* that his kindncfs to me would be greatly to his *' prejudice, efpecialiy if he carried it fo far, as he ** was then pleufed to i'peak. For I plainly faw *' they could not bear it -, and that the effefts of *' envy and ill-will towards me would terminate " upon him. To which he replied, that if the *' thing were once done, and they faw no remedy, ** they would give over, and think of making the *' befi: of it: And therefore he muft defire me to " think ferioudy of it \ with other expreffions not *' fit for me to repeat. To all which I anfwered, *' that in obedience to his Majefty's commands I " would confider of it again, though I was afraid ** I had already thought more of it than had done "- me good, and mull break through one of the " greatefl refolutions of my life, and facrifice at *' once all the eafe and contentment of it ; which yet *' I would force myfelf to do, were I really con- *' vinced, that I was in any meafure capable of do- " ing his Majefty and the public that fervice, which ** he was pleafed to think 1 was. He fmil'd, and ^* faid, You talk of trouble ; / believe yen iin'.l have *' much more eafe in it^ than in the condition^ in *' which you now are. Thinking not fit to fay " more, I humbly took leave. " And now. Madam, what fliall I do? My " thoughts were never at fuch a plunge. I know " not hov/ to bring my mind to it •, and, on the " other hand, though the comparifon is very un- ** equal, when I remember how I faw the King ** affefbed in the cafe of my Lord of Shrewjlmry *, f *' find myfelf in great ftrait, and would not for all *' the world give him the like trouble. I pray God *' to direft me to that, which he fees and knows to ** be beft, for I know not what to do. I hope I *' fhall have your prayers, and would be glad of '* your • When that Earl refignM the poft of Secretary of State about 1690, to divert him from which D-'an Til lot son had been fent to his Lordfliip b/ the King. Burnet, •nol. II, p. 45. 224* 7he Life ofT>r. John TiLLOTsdisf, " your advice, if the King would fpare me fo long, *' I pfay God to preferve you and yours. " I am, Hdnour'd Madam, &c. " Jo. TiLLOTSON.'* To this letter her Ladyfliip returned art anfwer a few days after, in thefe terms : " ^ I A H E time feems to be come, that yoii muft " X V^^ anew in practice that fubmiffion you *' have fo powerfully both tried yoiirfelf, and in- ** ftrudted others to. I fee no place to efcape it. ** You muft take up the crofs, and bear it. I faith- " fully believe it has the figure of a very heavy '' one to you, though not from the cares of it. The *' King guefies right ; you toil more now. But ** this work is of your own choofing \ and the dig- ** nity of the other is what you have bent your •' mind againft, and the ftrong refolve of your life '' has been to avoid. Had this even proceeded to *' a vow, it is, I think, like the virgin's of old, to •' be diltolvM by the father of your country. Again, *' though contemplation, and a few friends well, ** chofen, would be your grateful choice ; yet if " charity, obedience, and neceffity call you into *' the world, and where enemies encompafs round *' about, muft: not you accept it ? And each of *' thefe, in my apprehenfion, determine you fo to. •' do. In lliort, it will be a noble faerifice you will *' make -, and I am confident you will find, as a re- «* ward, kind and tender fupports, if you do take *' the burden upon you. There is, as it were, a •' commanding providence in the mariner of it. ** Perhaps I do as finccrely wifli your thoughts at ** cafe as any friend you have. But 1 think you «* may purchafe that too dear : and if you Ihould «* come to think fo too, they would then be as reft- *' lefs as before. Sir, I believe you would be as *' much 'ArchhiJJjoj) of Canterbury. 22^ ** much a common good as you can. Confider, *' how few of ability and integrity this age pro- *' duces. Pray do not turn this matter too much in *' your head. When one has once turn'd it every " way, you know, that more does perplex ; and *' one never fees the better for it. Be not llifi*, if *' it be ftill urg'd to you. Conform to the divine ** will, which has fct it lb ftrongly into the other's *' mind ; and be content to endure. It is God calls ** you to it, I believe it v/as wifely faid, that when *' there is no remedy, they will give over, and ** make the beft of it. And lb, I hope, no ill will " terminate on the King, and they will lay up their *' arrows, when they perceive they will be Ihot in *' vain at him or you, upon whom no reflection, " that I can think of, can be made, that is inge- '* nuous ; and what is pure malice, you are above ** being alie<5led with. I wifh, for many rea- *' fons, my prayers were more worthy ; but fuch " as they are, I ofler them with a fincere zeal ** to the throne of grace for you in this ftrait, that " you may be led out of it, as fiiall beft ferve the *' great end and defigns of GOd's glory.'* This letter contributed not a little to determine him at laft to acquiefce in the King's pleafure, if his Majefty fliould ftill prefs him, who now infifted upon a peremptory anfwer. The refult of this af- fair is mentioned at large in his letter to Lady Rus- SEL ^ *' O^oher 25, 1690. *' Honoured Madam, ** Y -^ ^ obliged to your Ladyfliip beyond all ex- " X preiTion, for taking my cafe fo fcrioudy into ** your confideration, and giving me your mature *' thoughts - From a corv in fhort-h^nJ in his Commqivplace-book. 2i6 The Life of Dr. John Tillotsoi?, «« thoughts upon it. Nothing ever came more " feafonably to me than your letter, which I re- ** ceived on PFednefday fennight, the very night '* before I was to have given my final anfwer to the *' King the next morning. I thank you for it. It ** helped very much to fettle and determine my " wavering mind. I weighed all you wrote, both «' your advice and your arguments, having not «' only an alfurance of your true friendlhip and «' good will for me, but a very great regard and defe- «« rence for your judgment and opinion. I cannot but " own the weight of that confideration, which you *' are pleafed to urge me withal ; I mean the vifible «' marks of a more than ordinary providence of '« Goi) in this thing ; that the King, who likes not *' either to importune, or to be denied, fliould, af- '* ter fo obftinate a declining of the thing on my " part, dill perfift to prefs it upon me with fo *' m.uch kindnefs, and with that earneftnefs of per- *' fuafion, which it does not become me to men- " tion. I wifli I could think the King had a fu- " perior dire6lion in this, as I verily believe he hath " had in fome other things of much greater import- " ance. " The next morning I went to Ken/ington full of *' fear, but yet determined what was fit for me to " do. I miCt the King coming out of his clofer, *' and afking if his coach was ready. He took me " afide, and I told him, that, in obedience to his " Majefty's command, I had confideredof the thing *' as well as I could, and eame to give him my an- " fwer. I perceived his Majc-fty was going our, " and therefore defired him to appoint me another ** time, which he did on the Saturday morning af- " ter. " Then I came again, and he took me into his " clofet, where I told him, that I could not but " have a deep fenfe of his MrijciVy's great grace and " iavour 'Archbij1:op cf Canterbury. 227 ** favour to me, not only to offer me the beft thing *' he had to give, but to prcls it To came Illy upon '' me. I laid, I would not prefume to argue the " matter any farther, but I hoped he would give *' me leave to be ftili his humble and carncft pcti- '' tioner to fpare me in that thing. He anfvvered, " he would do ib, if he could, but he knew not *' what to do, if I refufed it. Upon that I told ^^ him, that I tendered my life to him, and did " humbly devote [it] to be difpofcd of as he " thought fit. He was gracioufly plcafcd to fay, *•' it was the bcft news had come to him this great " while. I did not kneel down to kifs his hand, " for without that I doubt I am too fure of it •, but " requefted of him, that he would defer the decla- '* ration of it, and let it be a fecret for fome time. " He faid he thought it mig;ht not be amifs to de- " fer it till the parliament was up. I begg'd far- *' ther of him, that he would not make me a *' wedge to drive out the prefent Archbilhop : That *' fome time before I Vy'as nominated, his Majeily *' would be pleafed to declare in council, that iince *' his lenity had not had any better effefl, he would *' wait no more, but v/ould difpole of their places. *' This I told him I humbly defired, that I might *' not be thought to do any thing harfli, or which " might reflect upon me •, for now that his Ma- " jelly had thought fit to advance me to this fta- •' tion, my reputation v/as become his inttreft. He " faid, he was fenfible of it, and thought it rca- " fonable to do as I deHred. '* I craved leave of him to mention one thing " more, which in juftice to my family, efpecially " to my wife, I ought to do, that 1 fiiouid be " more than undone by the great and neceflary " charge of coming into this place, and muft *' therefore be an huwible petitioner to his Majefty, *' that if it Diou'.d pleafe God to tuke me out of the O 2 '* world, (( 22.8 T^he Life of Dr. John Tiliotson", ' world, that I muft unavoidably leave my wife 3 *• beggar, he would not fuffer her to be fo •, and '' that he would gracionlly be pleafed to confider, *' that the widow of an Archbilhop of Canterbury (which would now be an odd figure in England}. could not decently be lupported by fo little, as " would have contented her very well, it I had died *' a Dean. To this he gave a very gracious anfwer, ""' I promife you to take care of her. " Juft as I had finilhed tlie laft fentence, another *' very kind letter from your Ladyfnipwas brought " to me, wherein I find your tender concern tor " me, which lean never fufficicntly acknowledge. " But you fay, the Dye is now caft, and I muft " now make the belt I caii of what 1 lately thought " was the worll, that could have happened to me. " 1 thank God I am more chearful than I expefled, *' and comfort myfclf as I can v/ith this hope, that " the providence of God, to which I have fubmit- " ted my own will in this matter, will gracioufly " anill me to difcharge in- fome meafure the duty " he hath called me to. " I did not acquaint nf^y good friend, who wrote *' to you, with all that had pafied, becaufe it was " intended to be a fecret, v^fhich I am fure is fafe in *' your hands. I only told him, that his Majefty " did not intend as yet todilpofe of this place •, but *' when he did it, I was afraid it would be hard for *' me to efcape. *' The King, I believe, has only acquainted the " Queen with it, who, as flie came outof theclokr '* on Sunday lafr, commanded me to wait upon her " after dinner, which! did; and after fhe lud dil- *' courfcd about another bufinefs, (which was to ** defire my opinion of a treatife fent her in ma- " nufcript out of //^//^W, tending to the reconcili- '* ation of our dififerenees in England) fli€ told me, •'• that the King had with great joy acqu.^inced her " with ArchhIJJjop oj Canterbury. 219 '* with a fccret concerning mc, whereof flie was no '* Icfs glad ; ufing many gracious cx'prefiTions, and *' confirming his Majefty's promifcs concerning my " wife. " But I am fenfible this is an intolerable letter, c- *' fpecially concerning one's felK *' I had almoll forgot to mention Mr. Vaugh- *' an's e bufinefs. As foon as he brought your " Ladyfliip's letter hither to me, I wrote immcdi- " ately to IVhitehall^ and got the bufinefs ftopt. *' The Bifhop of 6"/. David's had written up for *' fome minifter of a great town, but a fmall living, *' in that diocefe, that it might be beftowed on him *' for his pains in that great town. The pretence is *' fair, but if the Minifter is no better a man than '■' the Bifhop, I am lure he is not worthy of ic. ■" I have been twice to wait upon my Lord Not- " tingham about it, but mifiVd of him. When I *' have inquired farther into it, if the thing be fit to "be done, I will do my befl for Mr. Vaughan. ^' And 1 beg of your Ladyfhip to make no difH- *' culty of commanding my poor fervice upon any -" occafion, for I am always truly glad of the op- *■* portunity. " I cannot forbear to repeat my humble thanks *' for your great concernment for me in this afi-'air, " That God would multiply his befl: blefllngs upon *' your Lady (hip and your children, and make them ^' great bleiiings and comforts to you, is the daily *' prayer of, " Madam, your moft obliged, ♦' and molt humble lervant, « J. r.» The Dean's remark to his Majefty, that the zvi- doiv of an Arcbb'jhop ivculd now be an odd figure in 0^3 higUnd, s Probably a relation of Lady Russei, whofe firll hupj.'vad was Lord \'aughax, clclcR fon lo tlic Earl of Carbtry, 2^0 T/je Life of Dr. ]ouiiTiLLo TSQ-^ J England, was founded upon this fadt, that only twOj who had fiU'd the See of Canterbury^ had been mar- ried, Cranmer and Parker. The former was indeed twice married, the firft time before he was in orders, while he was only Fellow o{ Jefus-college in Cambridge^ his wife dying within a year in childbed''-. He married his fecond wife in Germany^ while he was EmbafTador there in 1530. She was niece to OsiANDER, the famous ProteftantPaftor oi Nurem- hurg \ and was fent for by him into England in 1534, two years after he was made Archbiiliop, where he kept her very privately till 1539 ; when, upon the Jix articles being put in execution, fhe was obliged to return to her relations in Germany K In the time of King Edward VI. when the marriage of the Clergy was allow'd, he again brought her forth, and lived openly with her, and had children by her, who furvived him, as ilie likewife did, being alive to- wards the latter end of Archbifliop Parker's time, and enjoying for her fubfiftence an abbey in Nctting- hamjbire, v/hich Henry VIII. upon the motion of DoAor Butts, his phyfician, without Archbifliop Cranmer's knowledge, had granted to him and his heirs'". Archbifnop Parker likewife married Margaret Harlestone in June 1547, in the 43d year of his age', in the reign of Edward VI. but fhe died before him"". The refleflion of the Dean in the fame letter, upon Dr. Thomas Watson, Bifliop of 6'/. David' s, jfhews what ill opinion was even at that time enter- tained of that Prelate, whofe enormities, in the ar- ticle of fimony, afterwards grew fo public, as tq fubjefl him to a deprivation of his See. . He had been ^ Strype-3 memorials of Archbifliop Cranmer, B.I, Ci. Z.p.z. 'Ibid. />. II. and 417, 4i8» ' ^ Ibid. p. 4 i S, ^ Strvpe's Life of Archbifliop Parker, f>.. 23, P Ibid. *. 511, Archbijlop of Canterbury. 231 been educated in St. John's College in Cambridge, of which he was Fellow, and tutor there, the memory of his avarice and arts of raifing money ilill conti- nuing in that cpllege. His advancement to the Bi- i]-iopricof St. David's was in the reign of James II. in Jpril 1687. He owed it, according to Mr. Wood ", to the recommendation of Henry Jer- MYN, created Lord Dover in May 1685 ; but it was believed, as Kilbop Burnet inrorms uso, than he gave money for it ; and that hiilorian defcribes him as one of the worfl: men in all refpedls, whom he ever knew in holy orders, pafTionate, covetous, and falfe in the blackefl inftances, without any one virtue or good quality to balance his many bad ones. The obnoxioufnefs of his charader cxpofed him to many violent infults from the common people, upon the abdication of King James '' ; to whom he pro- feffcd for fome tim.e fo much fidelity, as to pretend to fcruple the oaths to the new government. During which time, on the 2Sth oi' March 16S9, meeting with Sir John Reresbv, governor of 2''ork, he afked that gentleman, whether he thought, that he might fafely take thofe oaths, having hitherto ftood out, and being nov; cited to appear before the houfe of lords. Sir John's anfwer was, that it v/as fitted for himftlf to be advifed by his Lordfhip in fuch ^, cafe ; and that certainly his own confcience could not but didate to him what was right. But Sir John found the Bilhop already refolved, who accordingly went the next day, and complied ^, though he con- tinued ftill attach'd to his old mafter King James ^ He was deprived in 1699 for fimony by Archbilhop Tenison, whofe fentence was afterwards confirm'd by a court of delegates, to whom the deprived Bi- 0^4 fhop " Ath. Oxon. vol. II. co/. 1 170. ° Hiftory of his own time, 'vo/. II. /. 226, 227. P Wood, ubi fupra. ^ Memoirs of Sir John ReresdY; Bart. f. 329. { Burnet, />, 227. 232 7he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, jfhop had appeal'd % as he did the year following tq the houfe of lords, where the affair was protradted, and his Bifhopric not difpofed of fome years % till the end of A'pril 1 705, when it was given to Dr. George Bull"^, v^\\o(q Defenfio fidei Nicence^ pub- lifh'd in 1685, had made him famous over Europe^ and whofe Judicium ecckfi£ catbolicay printed in 1694, and written againfb Episcopius, in defence of the Anathema^ as his former book had been of the Faith declared at the firfl: council of Nice^ pro- cured him in 1 700 the thanks of the general aiTenibly of the Bifhops and Clergy o'i France. The Queen having put into the Dean's hands the manufcript treatife mentioned in his letter to Lady RussEL of the 25th of OElohcr 1690, to have been tranfmitted to her Majefly from Holland^ he con- fidered it Vv^ith the utmoft attention, and as foon as his health and engagements would permit, wrote an anfwer to the letter, v/hich the author of it had fent to him. The author was the learned Frederick Spanheim, ProfeiTor of Divinity at Leyden^ and brother to Baron Ezekiel Spanheim, no lefs e- minent for his profound knowledge in polite learn- ing and antiquities, than for his embaffies to feveral court?, and particularly to that of England. The Profelfor's treatife may be feen in the fecond volume of his works in the Leyden edition in 1701, mfoL' under the title of Judicium c x pet i turn fuper dijfidlo Anglicano., l^ capitibus^ qtije ad untonem feu compre- henfwtum faciunt. The Dean's letter to him upon fhe fubje(^t of it was dated the Cth oi February 169° j and in it he excufc-s the delay of his anfwer on ac- count of the ill llate of ills health, which obliged him to retire into the country, and, though better, was not yet fully re-eftablifned. He obPjrves, that iie had read the ProfeiTor's difcourfe upon pc.ic-i » Id. ibicj. » Jbid. /. ;jo, 251. Oi.d 406. " Ih'A. Archbifiop of Canterbury. 233 and union between the church of Evgland and the Proteftant dilT-ntcrs with great lacisfadion, on ac- count of the excellent judgment and learning, fingu- lar knowledge of the difcipline and rites of the an- ricnt church, and, what was fuperior to all, the truly Chriftian temper, which appeared thro' the whole. That there were perhaps Tome few things, and thofe of no great moment, (except the article of re-ordi- nationj in which it would be a little ditScult to find a temperament, by which the contending parties might be brought to an agreement. For that the. common people of our church, as well as thofe of the dilienting congregations, had their fuperftitions and prejudices, to which it was right and proper to have Ibme regard in the concelTions to be made by our church, left the former being ofl'ended, might revolt from ours to that of Rome. That it would be tedious to enter into the detail now •, but that there would be a much more proper opportunity for difcourfing upon it, when a nearer occafion fliould offer. " Dr. Stilling fleet, adds he, now Bi- *' fhop of Worcejter, mentioned by you in your ** letter, a perfon, of whom our church delervedly '^^ boafts, it ftill in the fame (opinion with us. And " there are very many others, and thofe the glo- " ries and ornaments of our church, who feem to ♦' -liave ftrong inclinations to peace and concord. I ** do not prelume to rank myfcif in their number, •' being not at all to be comparM with fuch great f.'- and excellent mm -, altho' you, Rev\ Sir, out " of your humanity and extreme kindnefs to me, " afcribe too much to my judgmejit in thefc con- *' troverfies. One thing in my opinion is to be *.' deeply regretted, tliat there are many on both *' fides, of our church, as well as among the Dif- "'' fenters, who know not the means nor way of ^* peace. I cannot therefore forefee what will at la(t ** ^c the ilTue of thefe pacific couiifds. As aftairs 4 " P9W 234 ^'^^ ^^f^ of Dr. John Tillotson, «« now {land in England^ I think nothing of this «' kind fhould be attempted for the prefcnt ; but " that we ought to wait till the times grow more " difpofcd to peace ; a period, which it our brave " King fhall, through the divine affiftance, meet " with the fuccefs wiih'd for by all good men, I " prefage is not far diftant. For what is to be de- " fpaired of under the aufpices of fuch rehgious *' and prudent Princes, as our King and Queen ? ^' For this reafon if you will attend to my opinion, '* you will do right and wifely to fufpend the *' publication of your treatife till a more probable *' hope of fuccefs ihall appear." The Dean then refers him to the Earl of Portland^ as a fincere friend and promoter of the fcheme of pacification, who would more amply explain thefe things, and the whole (late of affairs in England : And concludes with defiring his excufe for the negligence of his Latin ftyle, which it was not agreeable to him to return to the ufe of, after a difcontinuance of above thirty years, almoft his whole life having been fpent in preaching, and all other branches of the paftoral duty. But this excufe was unneceffary in a letter, which the learned reader will find written with tliQ utmoft purity and elegance % y Viro admodum reverendo Domino Frederico " Spanhemio, in academia Lugd. Batav. S, " Theol. Frofellori dignifllmo. '' /^^UO D litcris tuis, vir clarifiime, fanequani " \Jf humanifiimis non citius refcripferim, caufa *' fuiL adverfa valetudo •, cui ut mederer, & ani- *? mum recrearem atque reficerem, rus ire neceffe *' mjhi fuit. Nunc autem, gratia Dei, commodiore *' quidem utor valetudine, at nondum etiarn bene *' confirmata. " Traclatuni ^ From the original draught in iiis own hand in his Common- }_)kce-book:. 'JlrMifiop of Canicthmy. 2^^ *' Tra6latiimdepace&unionediffenticntium apud *' nos Protcftantium cum ecclcfia Anglicana tuum, " qucm mecum lereniflima Regina communicavit, *' avide perkgi & fLimmu cum deleclatione. In eo i- judicium acre idemque fubadum, eruditioneni *' eximiam, in antiquioris ecclcfise difciplina rid- " bufque peritiam fingularem, &, quod prascipuum " eft, mentem & aninuim v^ere Chriftianum, ubi- *' que deprehendi. Pauca fortafle funt, & eadem *'• baud ita magni momenti (articulumde facris or-^ " dinibus iterandis exclpio) in quibus paulo diffici- " lius erit invenire temperamentum, cujus ope par-r " tes inter fe iitigantes aliqando concordare poffint, *' Ecclefis enim noftras plebs, non fecus ac diffen- " tientium cjetuum, luas etiam habct fuperfticiones " & opiniones praejudicatas ; cujus ut ratio habeatur " in rebus ab ecclefid noftra concedendis jus & ae-? " quum eft, ne offenfa deficiat a nobis ad ecclefiam " Romanam. Longum adeo foret ea nunc fingil- " latim perfequi j multo commodior erit de his dif- .^' ferendi locus, cum occafio proprior advenerit. *' Stillingfletius ille nofter, nunc ecclcfise Vi- ** gornienfis epilcopus, cujus in tuis ad me Jiteris " mentionem facis, de quo ecclefia noftra merito *' gloriatur, is etiam nunc in eadem, qua nos, fen- *' tentia perftat. Porro Tunc alii permulti, & hi ec- *' clefiae noftrs decora & ornamenta, in quibus " magna videtureile animorum inclinatio ad pacem " & concordiam. In horum me numerum rcferrc *' mihi non aftumo, tantis & tam pra:claris viris ** neutiquam comparandus ; tametfi tu, vir revc-- " rende, pro humanitate tua & fumma erga me " benevolentia nimio plus tribuis judicio meodehis " controverliis. Unum magnopere do'endum cen- ** feo, multos efie ex utraque parte, tum'ecclcfipe " noftrae, tum dilTentientium, qui rationem & viam " pacis non norunt. Qucm igitur exirum ha^c ccr;- H filia pacis tandem habicura Tint divinare nequeo. 23 6 'The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " Ut nunc eft in Anglia, nihil hujufmodi iinprse- *' fentiarum tentandum arbitror, fed expeflandum *' donee tempora magis pacata fuerint ; qu^ fi for- tiffimo Regi, juvante Deo, omnia profpere & ex bonorum omnium fententia ceciderint, non pro- cul abeffe anguror. Quid enim defperandum fub aufpiciis religiofifllmorum & prudentiflimorum prineipum ; Regis, dice, noftri, & Reginse ? Quapropter, fi me audis, vir eximie, recte fapi- " enteique feceris, fi traclatum tuum in vulgus *' cdere diftuleris, quoad certior fpes fecundi fuc- " ceflus affulferit. " llluftridimus Comes Portlandius, confilii hujus '' pacifici ex animo fsutor & adjutor, hasc omnia *' & univerfum rerum noftrarum ftatum fufius ex- " ponet -, cui li ftudium meum & obfequium con- *' tirmare volueris, gratiffimum mihi feceris. " Condonabis mihi, fpero, negligentiam purioris " Latinitatis, ad quam invitus admodum redeo poft *' triginta plus annorum defuetudincm, quoniam in *' concionibus habendis, & in omni paftorali mu- *' nere obeundo, astatem pene confumfi. Veniam *' igitur pro hac re a candore tuo petit is, quen; *' ubique cognofces, " Vir clariffime, *' Reverentice ture addifliOimum *' atque omni officiorum gcnere " & obfcquio devindiiiimum, Febr. 6. 1697-. " Jo. Tillotson-. " Amicum tuum, cui literas ad me dedifti, non '* vidi, ex quo mihi eas reddidit. Hominem *' Inveftigabo, cum ad aulam rediero, ac libens " juvabo qua ratione cunque potero." A few days after this letter tlie Dean wrote from Edmonton another, on the i6th of that month, to Mr. Nelson, then at Florence^ in ani'wer to two lately received from him. In that letter, after hav- ing 'Archhifl:op of Canterbury. 2^7 ing mention'd fome affair, in which his friendfliip for that gentleman had engaged him to make ufe of his intercll with the King, he takes notice of the report of the death of the Pope, Alexander VllI, of a /-V;/f//,r:« flmiily, of the name of Ottoboni, who had fat in the papal chair almofl a year and a hah. *« If the report be true, fays he^ we are no *' otherwife concernM in the lofs of him, than of *' any other foreign Prince, who did little or no ** good whilft he liv'd. We could fpare even the *' King di France^ if God thought fit to difpofe of •* him the fame way." He obferves likewife, that the preparations then making boch by fea and land, were the greateft that England ever faw, and in the greatefl: forwardnefs ; and that the Lord Preston' had laid open all \ zvbich^ fays he, will affe8 o, great viany. This Lord, who was fon of Sir George Graham of Nctherby in Cumberland, Bart, had been educated at Chriji -Church in Oxford, where he was created Mailer of arts on the 27th oi March 1667 ^ He was created Vifcount Preston in Scotland by King Charles II, who fent him in tiie beginning of the year 16S2, Envoy extraordinary to the court oi' France, being attended thither by Mr. Wake, afterwards Archbifhop of Canterbury, as Chaplain to him. While his j^ordfhip relided at Paris he procured the fupprefiion of the Abbot Primi's Hifcory of the Butch war, printed there in 1682, and containing an account of the Iccret treaty betwen France and England, negotiated by Henrietta Duchefs Q){ Orleans with her brother King Ch a rles, at Bolder, in Mcy 1669^. Upon his return from thence in the beginning of James Il's reign, he was received into a high degree of favour and confidence of that King, by whom he was made Secretary of State upon the removal of the Earl of Sunderland, on « Wood. Fad. Oxen. /V. U. col. iC;, y Sup. NET, VJA. p. jor. 238 The Life of ]Jr. John Tillotsow, on the 28th of O^cber 1688, and defigPi'd to ht advanc'd to an EngliJJj Peerage, with the title of VifcoLint Preston m Amoundernefs in Lancajhire % but his patent was pafs'd the Great Seal before the abdication of that King. Being engaged afterwards in a plot with the Earl of Clarendon, Dr. Turner Bifliop of £/j)', and others, infavourof King James^ he was feized on the 30th ^^ December 1690 goint>- to France with Mr. John Ash ton and Mr. El- liot J and on the 17th of January tried at the Old Baily^ and condemned for high-treafon ; but after ading a very weak and irrelolute part, redeemed his lite by his difcoveries ; while his companion Mn Ash ton fiibmitted to death with great firmnefs and decency. His Lordfliip was a man of excellent parts and learning ; and gave the public in 1 695, as the fruits of his retirement, a tranilation of Boe- T jus's difcourfe of the confolation of phiiofophy, il- luftrated with notes, and a life of the author, who was diitinguifh'd by being one of the lafl, who made any figure in literature or genius in Italy^ then finking into barbarifm through the irruption of the northern nations. In the fame letter the Dean touches upon the re- duction of Lady Theophila Nelson and her daughter from the Proteilant religion, and prays, that God would preferve Mr. Nelson and her fon,- Sir Berkley Lucy, in the truth ; " and fo, adds ** he, I do for thofe, that are fallen from it, that • " God would grant them repentance to the ac- *' knowledgement of it. I pity poor Mifs, who is " more innocently feduc'd \ but my Lady much " more, confidering the degree of her underftand- *' ingr, and the difference of the two reliiVions." About this time the Dean was foilicitous to procure by his intereft at court fome reward for a Divine of great merit and learning, Mr. John Hartcliffe ^, B. D. =^ MS. letter of Lady Russel to Dr. Fjtz-Williams, Febr. i(j9°. y^rMiJJjcp cfCantcrhury, 259 "B. D. who had jiifl pubhfhed in 8vo at London, an excellent lyftcm of Ethics, under the title ol:" A trcatife cf tnoral and inteUc"ud viriues ; wherein their nature is fully explain d, and their ufefulnefs prov'dy as being the left rules of life^ and the caufcs of their decay are inquired into -, concluding ivith fucb arguments, as tend to reviz-e the practice of them. With a preface J}jczving the z'anity and deceilfulnefs of ^'/V^.This author in h\s preface having premis'd are- mark, that the world has ever had its vicilTitudes and periods of virtue and wickednefs, and that all nations have advanced themfelvcs to their power and grandeur by fobriety, wifdom, and a tender regard to religion ; exprelTes his hopes, that " upon *' the late wonderful revolution the EnglifJj n:ition *' might recover its antient virtues, that had been *' too long under the opprelTion of debauchery, " which hath been an evil of fo great malignity, a3 *' to threaten ruin to the very conftitution of the " government. Therefore, adds he, the Provi^ " -dence of God hath fent us a Frince for our deli- *' verer, whole piety is fet off v/ith tlie whole train "" of moral virtues ; whofe temperance is fo great " and impregnable amidfb all thofe allurements, *' with which the palaces of Kings are apt to meet *' even the moft refolved minds, that at the fame *« time he doth both teach and upbraid the court.** Mr. Hartcliffe, who was born about the vear 1650 at Harding near Henley in Oxfordjjyrre, had been educated at Eaton- School ; and thence remov'd to be a Servitor in Magdalcn-CoUege in Oxford in 1666, and the year following was Temi Commoner o'i Edmund- Hail, where he continued a year, and was then chofen a fcholar of King'' s- College Cam- bridge, of which he was afterwards Fellow, and in 1681 Mafter of Merchant-Taylor's fchool in Lon- don. After the revolution King Willi a m appointed him Vyowc,^ o^ King's -College by -luandamus, which had been conftantly granted by the c;own on that cc- 24^ The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, occafion. Bur the King, upon the fuggeftion of the Duke of Sor.ierj'et^ Chancellor of the univer- fity, foon wav'd his claim, and left the Fellows to the free choice of their Provoft^ and Mr. Har-^- CLiFFE was, by the recommendation of his friend Dean Tillotsox^ preferr'd to a Canonry of Windfor. The King's nomination of the Dean to the Arch- bilhopric of Canterbury had been agreed between them, to be poftponed till after the breaking up of the feffion of Parliament, which was prorogued on the 5th of January 1 69-^ ; when it was thought proper to defer it ftill longer, on account of his Majefly's voyage to Holland, in which he embark'd on the 16th of that month, and arrived there after a very dangerous pafTage, to attend the Congrefs at the Hague of all the confederate Princes and States for concerting meafures, in order to preferve the liberties of Europe againft Ffance. Upon the con- clufion of that Congrefs, the King went to the army near Brujfels •, and after the furrender of AIojs on the ift of /Ipril to Lewi? XIV, who had at- tended that fiege in perfon, his Majefty came back to England^ arriving at Whitehall on the 13th of that month, but continued there but a fhort tim.e, returning on the ift o{ May to the campaign in Flanders. While his Majcfty flaid in England, he was v^- folved to fill the vacant Sees, from which he had been hitherto diverted by the Dean's advice, who was reproached for it by the King at his return from Flanders, and was now obiig'd himfelf to con- fent to his Majefty's nomination Ot him to the Arch- bifhopric in council on the 23d o'i April 1691. Im- mediately after this public declaration he went to the depriv'd Archbifhop llill at Lambeth, and fcnt in his name by feveral fervants, and fbay'd a long time for an anfwerj but was forc'd to return without re- ceiving ArchbiJJjop c/~ Canterbury. 241 Cciving any ; an incivility, which he had not at all dcfcrved of his predccellor, whofc reputation, inte- grity, and wifdom, when afpers'd by others, he had. otten vindicated to the King ». Tht ccnge (Tejlire being granted on the ift of May^ he was elected on the i6th, confirm'd on the 28th, and having retired to his houle on Saturday the 30th, which he fpent in failing and prayer in the manner reprefented from his own account in fhort-hand at the end of his ijoorks., was confccrated the day following being Whitfiinday in the church of «S/. Mary-le-how by Dr. Peter Mew Bifhop of Winchejiery Dr. William Lloyd oifh.ip of St. yifaph, Dr. Gilbert Burnet Bifhop of Sarum, Dr. Edward Stillingfleet Bifhop of IVorceJler^ Dr. Gilbert Ironside Bifhop oi Briflol^ and Dr. John Hough Bifliop o^ Oxford^ in the prefence of Henry Duke of Norfolk^ Thomas Marquifs of Carmarthen Lord-Prefident of the Council, Wil- liam Earl oi BevonJIjire, Charles Earl o^ Dorfet, Charles Earl of Macclesfield^ Thomas Earl of Fahonberg, Robert Lord Lucas, and divers other perfons of rank **, who attended the folemnity, to exprefs the great efteem and refpeft, which they had for his Grace, and the fatisfaftion, which they had in his promotion. The confecration fermon was preach'd on John xxi. 17. by Mr. Ralph Barker, afterwards his Chaplain, whom his Grace had defired to perform that office, with an abfolute reftri^lion, that nothing fhould be faid in it with relation to himfelf j and in the letter, which he wrote to him on that occafion on the 17th 0^ April, he ex- prefTed a ftrong fenfe of the weight of what he had long dreaded, and was now fallen upon him. Mr, Bar- « Mr. Wharton's MS. colleflions. ^ Gazette, />. 2686. and Le Neve, /. 228. R 242 ^hc Life cf Dr. John Tillotson, Barker's fermon was foon after printed in 4to with the following dedication to the Archbifhop : " That " your Grace was pleafed kindly to accept this my " mean performance at your confecration, was, I *' do believe, for the plainnefs and fincerity of it, ** which I always knew to be moft acceptable to " you, and what you would choofe to counte- " nance in the Clergy, rather than any thing of " panegyric, which perhaps might have been ex- *' pedled on fuch an occafion. And therefore I " lliall only beg your acceptance of thefe my firft- *' fruits, as a hearty acknowledgment of thofe great " favours, which for mjany years together you have " vouchfafed to your Grace's moft humble and *' moft faithful fervant." Four days after the ArchbifliOp's confecration, Juns 4th, he was fv/orn of the Privy Council, and on then'"' oiJuIy]\d.di areftitution of the temporalities of his See. The Queen likewife granted him all the profits of it from the Michaelmas preceding, which amounted to above 2500/. He continued to live at the Deanry of St. Paul's till the latter end of the year 1691, and in the mean time built a large apartment at Lambeth honfe for his wife, repaired the whole, altered the windows and lights of the Archbilhop's lodgings, wainfcoted many rooms, and made other improvements there =. \Vhich being finifhed, he removed thither, as appears from a memorandum in his Qwn hand-writing, on the 26th of 'November' 1691. As he had now fubmitted, after a long and un- affected refiftance, to the acceptance of this great iUtion, he form'dat the lame time two refolutions, from which he never departed. The one was, that v/henever the ftate of their Majefties affairs Hiould be fuch, that he could hope to be difmilfcd from that poft» he would become a moft important fuiter to be delivered from it. The other was, that if the intir- « Mr. Wharton's ?.IS. ccllceJons. ArchhiJJ:op o/' Canterbury. 243 infirmities of age fliould lb far overtake him, that he could not go through the fatigue and labour of it, then he would humbly offer it up to their Ma- jefties ; and he charg'd ibme of his moft particular friends to life all freedom with him, if they fhould oblerve it, before it was perceived by himlelf ■*. His promotion was attended with the ufual com- pliments of congratulation, out of refped either to himfelf or to his (lation •, among which he received a Latin letter from the Warden and Fellows of All- Sours-CoUege in Oxford^ prefented to him by Sir Thomas Millington, afterwards phyfician to King William, and Dr. Adams, on the 5th of June 169 1. To which he return'd an anfwer, dated at Edmontofi, in which he return'd his acknowledg- ments for their exprelTions of good-will, though he could not accept of the high compliments, with which they had almofb opprefs'd him ; and pro- mifed for himfelf, that he would always fliew him- felf an encourager and patron of good learning, and upon all occalions a zealous friend to their col- lege ". " Accepi literas veftras humaniflimas. In qui- " bus benevolentiam perfpicio & gratus agnofco ; " laudes vero immenfas, quibus me immerito cu- " mulatis & pene obruitis, agnofcere non poffum. " Hoc vobis de meipfo poUiceri aufim, me femper " fore ingenuse literaturse & bonarum artium fau- ** torem & praefidium. Collegii veftri dignitatem " &privilegia, quotiefcunqueoccafioobvenerit, pro '• virili parte defendam & protegam •, vcftrum om- *' nium pacrocinium fufcipio, vofque libens ftmper " iuvabo qua racione cunque potero. Valete, viri " clarilTimi." Dabam Edmonton. 1 69 1 . R2 He ^ Burnet's funeral fermon, p. 24. * From the original draugiit in his MS. volame above-men- tioned. 244 ^'^^ -^i/^ of Dr. John Tillotson, He returned likewife the following anfwer to Lady Coventry ^ *• June II, 1691. *' Honoured Madam, •* ^ I AHE perpetual hurry. In which I have been " X ^ver fince I received the favour of your " Ladyfhip's very kind letter, would not till now <« allow me to make an acknowledgment of it, as *« I ought to have done. But I hope your good- <' nefs will excufe what I could not help. It is no «« fmall comfort to me. Madam, to have the good «* wiflies of fo worthy a perfon, whom I fo juftly *« efteem. But after all I cannot but be fenfible of *' the burden I Hand under, and which I was fo very «' unwilling fhould have been laid upon me. And «' I do (till flirink at the thoughts of it. But I hope " that God, whofe providence hath caft it upon *' me, will fupport me under it, who depend only ** on his grace and help. I heartily pray for your «' Ladyfliip's life and health, that you may ftill *' continue to do more good, and to increafe the *' reward of well-doing, which is laid up for you ** in a better world. I am. Madam, with great *' refpect, " Your Ladylliip's moft faithful " and humble fervant, «' Jo. Cant.'V The Primate of Ireland, Dr. Michael Boyle, \vho died in 1702 at the age of ninety-three, after filling the poll of Lord-Chancellor of that kingdom, as well as the higheft rtation in the church there, having likewife fent two letters to our Archbifliop, lie wrote the following anfwer ^ & June ^ From his draught in fhort-hand. ' From his own draught in fliort-hand. ArchbiJIjop o/' Canterbury." 24J June II, 1 69 1. " My Lord, ^' Tr>VER fince I received your Grace's very " J2/ ^'"^ ^"^ welcome letter, 1 have been in fo *' continual a hurry, that I have not had time to *' acknowledge the favour of it, as I ought to have " done. But I hope your Grace will excufe what *' I could not weir help. I am, my Lord, as I " have great reafon, very fenfible how unable [I " am] to fuftain the weight of that great charge, *' which their Majefties have laid upon me, not " only without my defire, but very much againft " my inclination. But I hope, that God, who has *' called me to this ftation, and upon whofe grace *' and help I do humbly depend, will be pleafed to *' aflift and enable me in fome meafure to a faithful ** difcharge ; and I hope I fhall have the benefit of *' your Grace's prayers to this purpofe. *' As to your former letter dated three days be- '' fore, concerning a coadjutor for the Bifhopric of *' JDowriy I never heard the lead fyllable of it : And *' if any fuch were defign'd, I would oppofe it to " my power, as an example of very ill confequence. *' I think it much titter to have the Bifhopric made •' void, for the Bifhop's fcandalous negledl of his " charge. *' If there be any thing, wherein I may be ufe- ** ful to your Grace, or to the church over which *' you prefide, I fhall always be ready, upon the *' leafh advice or intimation from your Grace, to " do all good offices to both. " I commit your Grace to God's holy protec- " tion and comfort, and ever remain, " May it pleafe your Grace, " Your Grace's truly afFedionate brother " and motl faithful fervant, " Jo. Cant." R 3 P,S. 246 T'he Life ofDr, John Tillotson, *' P. S. Will your Grace give me leave to trou- *« ble you with a tender of my humble fervice to " your worthy ion, my Lord Blessington ?'* The Bifhop of Bown mentioned in this letter was Dr. Thomas Racket, to whom the Archbifhop had been near thirty years before Curate at Chejhunt, and who had enjoyed that Bifhopric ever fmce the the year 1672, but with fo little regard to his paftoral office, that he had fpent moft of that time in England ; on which account he was fufpended on the 13th of March 169^, and on the 21ft of the fame month deprived for fimony in conferring ecclefiaftical bene- fices, and other grievous enormities committed in the exercife of his jurifdidlion ". The congratulations to the new Archbifhop were foon followed by a very oppofite treatment from the Nonjuring party, the greateft part of whom, from the moment of his acceptance of the Arch- bifiiopric, purfucd him with an unrelenting rage, v/hich lafted during his life, and was by no means appeas'd after his death. Before he was confecrated to the See, Mr. Dodwell, who was depriv'd of the Camdenian ledure of hiftory at Oxford in No- •vemher 1691, wrote to him a letter, dated the 12th of May, to diffuade him from being " the aggref- " for, as he fays ^, in the new defign'd fchifm, in ** ereding another altar againft the hitherto ac- *' knowledg'd altar of your depriv'd fathers and *' brethren. If their places be not vacant, the new '* confccration muft, by the nature of the fpirilual *' monarchy, be null, and invalid, and fchifmatical.'* This very learned, but equally obfcure and preju- dic'd writer affirms likewife, that fuch, as were con- ^ Sir James Ware's works, njol. i. ;5. 213. Edit. Dublin. * Appendix to the Life of Mr. John Kettlewcll, p. viii. and life of Mr. Henry Dodwell, byTRANCis Brokesby, B. D. /. 220. Archhifiop o/* Canterbury. 247 conccrn'd in this pradlice, cut themfelvcs ofT from the communion, of which they were before mem- bers i as did all others, who join'd with them -, which he endeavours to illuftrate by in (lances in the full ages of the church, and particularly that of Athanasius ; alledging that thofe, who would be Billiops in the room of the depriv'd, mud feek for new principles ; and that if they fhould pretend Jay-authority as fuaicicnt, they would overthrow the being of a church as a fociety, and put it in the power of perfecuting princes to ruin it. This letter of Mr. Dodwell was written with much greater mildnefs and moderation, than an- orher, which was fent to the Archbifhop's Lady for him, and a copy of it to the Countcfs of Derby for the Qiieen, and publifhed in print foon after. It called upon him to reconcile his adlings fjnce the revolution with the principles either of natural or revealed religion, or thofe of his own letter to Lord RussEL, which was reprinted upon this occafion. The writer of it is faid by Dr. Hickes ''j to be a perfon of great candour and integrity^ and once a great admirer of the Archbifliop ; tho' he was af- terwards fo much prejudic'd againft him, that after his Grace's death he declar'd to Dr. Hickes, that the thought him an aiheiji, as much as a man could be^ tho' the graveji certainly, faid he, that ever was. Dr. Francis Lee, the compiler of Mr. Kettle well's life from the collections of Dr. Hickes and Mr. Nelsox, who has reprinted this letter in that book ', thinks it to have been written by one of Mr. Kettlewell's friends; and the late editor of it, in a coUedlion of pamphlets form'd chiefly from thofe of Lord Sommers, has prefix'd to it the name of Charlev/ood Lawton, Llq; as well as to feveral other political pieces in that colleiflion. But whoever the writer was, he R 4 has " Some difcourfes, />, 40. ' P. 233. i^ feq^. 248 ^he Life of Br, John Tillotson, has intermix'd the feverefl expollulations with the Archbifhop, and fuggeftions againft his fincerity, for his apoftacyy as he calls it, from what he had formerly preach'd and written, with frequent com- pliments to his knowledge^ judgment, largenefs of fpirit, moderation, and many other good qualities, " that have, fays he, fignaliz'd your name, and " once made you one of the greateft ornaments of " the Chriftian church, one oi the greateft exem- " plars of found morality, and all that philofophers «' call virtue." But this and other libels were fo far from exaf- perating his Grace to revenge againft the perfons concerned in difperfing them, that when fome of them were feiz'd on that account, he ufcd all his intereft with the government to cover them from punifhment. I'his may be feen in the following let- ter to Lady Russel '". June 2^. 1 69 1. " Honour'd Madam, " T Received your Ladyfhip's letter, together " X ^''^^"^ that to Mr. Fox, which I fhall return to ** him on Wednefday morning, when I have defired ** Mr. Kemp to fend him to me. " I entreat you to give my very humble fervice *' to my Lord of Bedford, and to let his Lordfhip *' know how far I have been concern'd in this af- " fair. I had notice firft from Mr. Attorney- *' general and Mr. Sollicitor, and then from my " Lord , that feveral perfons, upon the *' account of publiihing and difperfing feveral libels •' againft me, were fecured, in order to profecu- ** tion. Upon which I went to wait upon them ** feverally, and earncftly defired of them, that no *« body might be punifhed upon my account : That *' this was not the firft time 1 had experience of this " kind "* From his draught in fhort-hand. ///tZ'^//Z?c/> o/" Canterbury. 249 " kind of malice, wiiich, how unpleafant foever to " me, I thought it the wifcft way to neglcft, and *' the bell to torgive it. None ot" them faid any *' thing to me of my Lord Russel, nor did it ever *' come into my thought to hinder any profecution *' upon his account, whofc reputation, I can truly fay, " is much dearer to me than mine own ; and I was " much more troubled at the barbarous ufage done *' to his memory : And efpecially fincc they have " aggravated it by difperfing more copies : And, as I find, by the letter to Mr. Fox, are fupported in their infolence by a llrong combination, I can- not buc think it very fit for my Lord Bedford to bring them to condign punifliment. " Twice laft week I had my pen in my hand to have provok'd you to a letter ; and that I might once in my life have been before-hand with you " in this way of kindnefs. I was both times hin- " dered by the breaking in of company upon me. " The errand of it would have been to have told " you, that whether it be from ftupidity, or from *' a prefent aftonifhment at the danger of my con- *' dition, or from fome other caufe, I find, that ** I bear the burden I dreaded fo much, a good " deal better than I could have hoped. David's " acknowledgment to God runs in my mind, " * IVho am /, O Lord God, or what is my houfey " that thou ba(l brought me hitherto ? and haft re- " garded me according to the eft ate of a man of high " degree, O Lord God. I hope, that the fame " providence of God, which hath over-ruled me " in this thing, will fome way or other turn it to " good. " The Queen's extraordinary favour to me, to a '* degree much beyond my expetlation, is no Imall *' fupport to me ; and I flatter mylelf with hopes, " that my friends will continue their kindnefs to " me J * 1 Chron, xvii 1 6, 17. 250 ^he- Life of Dr. John Tillotson", *' me ; efpecially that the beft friend I ever had, " will not be the lefs fo to me now that I need " friends mofl. " I pray to God continually to preferve you and *' yours, and particularly at this time, to give my *' Lady Cavendish a happy meeting with her *' Lord, and to grant them both a long and happy " life together. I am. Madam, " Your moft faithful and humble fervant, " Jo. Cant." Soon after the date of this letter the Archbifliop wrote the following anfwer " to two, which he had received from Mr. Nelson ; one from Florence dated May 3. 1691, the other from Venice oi May 25. 1691. "S I N CE I lad wrote to my dear friend, I have received from him two letters, one from Florence^ dated May o,'^^ the other from Venice, " May 25, 1 69 1. " In anfwer to the firft, I fent Sir B. Lucy's " letter to my Lady Berkley, and have feen my " Lord fmce ; but he faid nothing to it, nor did \ " expedl he would, fmce there was nothing in it, *' but what to me feemed fit and reafonable. " My fon ° hath no place at court, nor did I " ever mention him to the King, but only to beg " leave of his Majefty for him to attend upon him *' into Holland, where he met with great civilities " both from my Lord •" and Lady Dursley. I " never " From his draught in fliort-hand. • In-law, James Chadwicke, Efq; P Charles Lord Durslev, who was called up to the Houfe of Peers July 1 1. 1689, by the title of Baron Berkley of BcrUejy and the fame year fent Envoy-extraordinary to Holland. 8 AfchbiJJ:op of Canterbury, 2 5 1 ** never aflc any thing of the King, unlefs upon the " account of chanty for perfons in diftrefs, and *•• whom he had reafon to confidcr ; as the poor " French and Irip Protcflants -, or for fome poor " widows, whofe hulbands have died in his fcrvice, «' and for whom no body elfe will fpeak •, or cHe " to do fome good office for a friend, which cofls *' the King nothing ; and this but very rarely. " And indeed I have no need to aflc any thing of *' him, who hath done for me what I was fo far *' from defiring, that I did for pall a year and a *' half decline it with all my might. And yet have " I no reafon to doubt, but that upon the leafl: in- *' timation of my defire he would willingly give my " fon any place, that is fit for him. But as well as " I love my fon, I can hardly bring myfelf to aflc " any thing. I had much rather the King would " prevent me, or, if he do not, I believe the Queen *' will. And I fliould not be a little pleafed to *' have him one of the Commiflioners of the Cu- *' ftoms, for which he is much fitter than for any *' other place that I know. And I am the more " defirous to have fomething done for him, not " only for the fake of my grandchildren, but be- " caufe he is fo very kind to us, and confiders fo " well what becomes him and me, that tho' he is *' dill willing to live with me, he will not only *' take no place from me, but has not fo much as *' fpoken to me for any perfon whatfoever ; nor " will he ever intermeddle either in the ordering of '* my family, or in any of my aff^airs as Arch- " bifhop •, fo that the ■ " You fee with what freedom I write to my *' friend, juft as if I were talking with him. " To your letter o'i May 25th, I know not what " to fay, but that love is blind, and yet thinks it '* fees that in a friend, which the friend cannot ** find in liimfelf I confider likewifc, that this *' comes 252 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " comes from one, who hath Hved a great while ** in a chmate, to which civility is natural, and *' where it reigns in perfedion. " I am very fenfible, that I come into a difficult *' place in a very difficult time •, and I ffirink at the *' thought of the burden I ftand under. And yet " if I could but hope to be able to do any confide- *' rable good to this miferably diftradled and di- ** vided church and nation, I fhould efteem it a full ** recompence for all the trouble I forefee I rnuft " undergo. And without this, by what I have al- <' ready found, I can tell you, that nothing in this " world can make amends for the perpetual hurry *« and uneafinefs I have been in for this fix weeks " lad pad. *' I have heretofore had plentiful experience of the " perfecution of railing •, which is by no means *' pleafant, but is very tolerable in comparifon of <* the perfecution of flattery. God and time can *' only tell what a man will prove in any condition. <' But I hope I cannot fo far miftake myfelf, as not " to be able to aflTure you, that no change of for- '* tune can alter my mind towards you. The fta- *' tion, in which I am now plac'd, is much more " likely to make me weary of my life than of my " friends. " Since this calamity befel me, I have not yet *' had time to deliver Sir Berkley's letter to his " filter ; which I intend to do at my firft leifure. *' I was loth to vifit her at Mr. Knox*s ; and it is *^ lefs fit now. I think to fend for her over to Mr. *' Be ale's, and there to talk with her. ** My wife and my fon defire to have their very " humble fervices prefented to yourfelf and my '* Lady, to whom, and Sir B. L. I intreat you to " tender mine. '* I am glad, that we are like to fee you fooner " than you thought. I pray God to preferve you " all. 'ArchbiJJ:op o/' Canterbury. 253 *« all, and bring you fafe to your friends \ amongft " whom 1 hope you will always reckon, *' Dear Sir, " Your faithful friend and fervant, " Jo. Cant.'* P. S. " You may think, Sir, by this letter, " that time lies upon my hands j but it is you, *' that lie fo near my heart." The Archbifhop's friendfhip for Dr. Sharp, his fucceffor in the Deanry of Canterbury^ would not let him reft, till he had form'd an expedient tor removing the King's difpleafure, conceiv'd againft that Dean upon this occafion. His Majefty had been pleafed to mention Dr. Sharp as a pro- per perfon to llicceed in fome of the Bifhoprics, va- cated by the deprivation of the Nonjuring Bifhops. Two or three were accordingly propofed to him. Norvjich in particular was prefs'd by Dr. Til lot- son, as the place, which he thought would be moft acceptable. But Dr. Sharp abfolutely declin'd to accept of any of them ; not out of any fcruple of confcience, for he could not, under fuch a fcruple, have either made a return to the Conge d'ejlire for the eledlion of Dr. Tillotson to Canterburyy which he did, as Dean thereof -, nor could he have fuffered himlelf to have been confecrated by Dr. Tillot- son, as he was foon after ; but out of a particular friendfhip and efteem, which he had for the per- fons deprived. This however difpleafed the King, and Dr. Sharp fecmed to be no longer thought of. While he was in this fituation, Dr. Tillotson came to his houfe on Friday the 24th o^ April 1 69 1, the day after his own nomination to the Archbi- fliopric, and told him, that fmce he had fo obfti- natejy refufed taking any of the vacant Bifhoprics, 7 he 254 ^'^^ ^if^ of Dr, John Tillotson, he had thought of a method to bring him off with the King •, which was, that he fhould promife to accept tiie Archbifhopric of York, when it fell, as Dr. Tenison Ihould take Lincoln. He told him at the fame time, how all the vacant Bifhoprics were defign'd to be difpos'd of; obferving, that he had thought of this fcheme, as he came from Whitehall to his houfe -, and diredling him to go and acquaint the Earl of 'Nottingham with it ; and, if his Lordfhip approved of it, he would himfelf propofe it to the King on the Monday following. Accordingly on that day he acquainted his Majefty with what had pafs'd between Dr. Sharp and him- felf, and fixed the affair. In confequence of which on the next council-day in the middle of the fame week, the King declared there, v/ho fhould fill the vacant Sees, and who fhould fucceed into York and Lincoln^ when they Ihould fall ; and Archbifhop Lamplugh dying on the 5th of M^_y, Dr. Sharp was confec rated to the See of Tork on the 5th of y«/y. following "5. Another of Archbifhop Tillotson's friends, whom he was defirous to promote, was Dr. Tho- mas Burnet, author of the Theory of the earth, who had been his pupil at Clare-hall in Cambridge. He was born at Croft in Torkfhire^ and his firfl edu- cation was at the free fchool of North Aherton in that county, under Mr. Thonas Smelt, who ufed to propofe him as an example to the reft of his fcholars ^ Thence he was removed to Cambridge, where he was admitted a penfioner under the tuition of Mr. Tillotson, on the 26th of J«;;^ ^^51 » but remov'd to Chriji^s College in 1654, upon Dr. Cudworth's being made Mafter of that college, and in 1657 became Fellow of it, and in 1661 fenior Proftor ^ Letter of the Reverend Mr. Archdeacon Sharp, Nov- 7th, 17SI-. ' Life of Mr. John Kettlewell, p. 13. ArcbbiJJ:op of Cdinicihwxy. 255 Proftor of the Univcrfity. He was governor to Charles Duke of Bolton^ and to James Earl of OJfory^ afterwards Duke of Ormonde, and grand fon to James, the firfl: Duke of Ormonde, and by the intercll of that Duke was chofen Mailer of the Charter-houfe in 1685, though he had been excepted to by thofe Bifhops, who were of the number of ele(5lors, on account of his wearing a lay-habit -, his Grace being fatisfied, that he had the more effential qualifications of manners and converfation in all refpefts fuitable to his clerical charafter. In this poll: he oppoled theadmiflion of Andrew Popham, a Roman Catholic, as a penfioner of the houfe, tho* inforced by a letter of King James II. dated Dec, 20. 16S6, dilpenfing with the ftatutes of it ; and this oppofition being vigoroudy fupported by the other governors , except the Lord - chancellor Jefferys , that King defifted from purfuing the affair. After the Revolution, Dr. Burnet, whofe 'Teiluris theoria facra^ printed at London in 168 I in 4to, had railed him a great reputation in the learned world, was in a fituation to have im- prov'd his interell for his advancement. Nor could he have fail'd of this, when he was brought to court by the Archbifhop, fucceeding his Grace as Clerk of the clofet to King William, whofe charafler he has drawn with great ftrength and elegance in the dedication of his Archaologice -philofophka^ printed at London 1692 in 4to, if the offence taken from his manner of treating the ftory of the fall, and his imaginary dialogue between Eve and the Serpent^ (which he afterwards defir'd a Dutch bookfeller in a letter of his, which 1 have read % to fupprefs in a new edition of that book then printing in Holland) had not difabled him from any other preferments, and even oblig'd the King to remove him from his ofEce * It was ihewn me by the Rev''. Dr. Bearcro.-t, Preacher to the Chaitcr-Houfe, 256 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, office at court. He died at the Charter- Houfe on the 27th oi' September 1715, at a very advanced age. Befides his writings fo well known to, and fo juftly efteemed by the world for the beauty of i- magination, and elegance of expreflion in both Languages, he was likewifc author of three fmall pieces publifli'd without his name, under the title ot" Remarks upon an ElTay concerning human under- ftanding, in a letter addrefs'd to the author, London 1697 in 4to. Second remarks^ &c. being a vindica- tion of the firjl remarks again/i the anfwer of Mr. Locke at the end of his reply to the Lord Bijhop of Worcefter, printed there the fame year, and Third remarks, &c. in 1699 : Wliich remarks were an- fwered by Mrs. Catharine Trotter, afterwards Mrs. CocKBURN, then but twenty-three years of age, in her Defence of Mr. Locke'j ejfay, publiihed at London in May 1702. The fucceffor of the Archbifhop in the Deanry of St. Paul's was Dr. William Sherlock, who owed it to his Grace's recommendation and intereft, and was inftall'd in it on the 15th of June 1691. This eminent Divine, whofe practical writings will make him as much known to pofterity, as his controver- fial did in his own time, was born in Southwark a- bout the year 1641, and educated at Peter-Houfe in Cambridge, where he took the degree of Bachelor of arts in 1660, and Mailer in 1663, as he did that of Dr. of divinity in 1680. His firft preferment in London was that of the Reftory of St. George Botolph-lane, to which he was collated Augufl 3d 1669, as he was to the Prebend of Pancras in the church of St. Paul's 'November 3d 168 1. Three years after he was made Mafter of the TVw/'/^. During the PopiQi contro- verfy in the reign of King James II. he was one of the mod confiderable writers on the Proteftant fide. After the revolution he for fome time rcfus'd the- oaths to the new government, v;hich fhewed great indulgence Archbifl:op o/'Canterbury. 2 5-7 indulgence to him on that occafion, by not taking the forfeiture of liis prererments. But at luu in 1690 hisfcrupies b.-ing intirely removed by B^Qiop OvERAL*s adts and Canons of tlie Convocation be- gun in the firfl year of King Jami-s I. he took the oaths to their MajclVies, and immediately pubiilhed his reafons in his Cafi of the allegiance due to the fo- vcreign po-jucrs, licenfcd for the prefs the 17th of 05iober that year •, which drew upon him the refent- ments of the whole Jacobite party, vented upon all occafions in the moffc indecent language. Nor was he treated with greater civility by Dr. South, who had himfelf fubmitccd to the government, than by Dr. HiCKES or Mr. Collier. He died at Hamp- Jieadneav London on the 19th of June, 1 707, in the 67th year of his age, having been fome years before fucceeded in the mallerfhip of the Temple by his fon, the prefent Lord Billiop of London. Soon after the Archbifhop's promotion, Lady RussEL having on the 24th of July 1691 written a letter to the Queen in favour of Richard Vaug- HAN, El'q-, Knight of the Shire for the county of Cacrmarthen, a near relation of her firft hufband, the Lord Vaughan, that he might fucceed Col. Herbert, as Auditor of Wales^ a place worth 400 /. a year, fhe requefted his Grace to deliver it to her Majefly. This he accordingly did, though he wrote to her Ladyfhip on the 25th, before he had prefented her letter to the Queen, that he ap- prehended the place to be already difpos'd of ; which was likewife the opinion of her Majefty, whofe anfwer to Lady Russel, on the 30th of that month, contains fome pafTages, on account of which I have mentioned this affair, and which cannot be omitted in juftice to the fentiments of a Princefs more confpicuous for her perfonal accompliHimcnts of underftanding and difpofition, than her external dignity. " You are very much in the right, {ayi S " ktr 2f8 'The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, *' her Miijcfiy^ to believe, I have caufe enough to *' think this Ufe not fo fine a thing, as, it may be, " others do, that I lead at prelent. Befides the " pain I am almoft continually in for the King, it " is fo contrary to my own inclination, that it can *' be neither eafy nor pleafant. But I fee one is not " ever to Hve for one*s felf. I have had many " years of eafe and content, and was not fo fenfible " of my own happinefs, as I ought, till I loll it. " But 1 muft be content with what it pleafes God, *' and this year have great reafon to praife him hi- " therto for the fuccelfes in Ireland ' ; the news of " which came fo quick upon one another, that they " made me fear we had fome ill to exped from other " places. But I trull in God, that will not be, *' tho' it looks, as if wc muft hope for little good " either from Flanders or fea. The King continues, *' God be praifed, very well ; and tho' I tremble " at the thoughts of it, yet I cannot but wifh a bat- *' tie well over. And for that at fea, I wilh it as ** heartily as Mr. Russel" himfelf.** Mr. Nelson, who was at the Hague in December of this year 1 69 1 , in the houfe of his brother-in- law, the Lord DuRSLEY, Envoy-Extraordinary to the States- General, and was fixed in his refolution not to acknowledge the government of the King and Queen '% thought proper now to confult the Arch- bifhop with regard to the pradice of thofe Nonju- rors, * The taking 0^ A'.hlone by General Ginkle June 30th, and his viftory ever St. Ruth and i\\^ lr':Jh July i2ch. " Afterwards Earl of Orfonl. "" While he refided at Florence, he had kept a conrtant cor- refpondence with the Earl of Melfort, Embaflador from King James II to the Pope, after the Revolution ; his Lordfliip's let- ters to Mr. Nelson from /»^^/v to Dtcimbir 1690, being llill extant in his dwn Copy-Boolc of his letters WTittcn during his EmbalTy, of which tiiree volumes in folio, bought at Paris in ■ I 744, of the Countefs of Meifort, who married the Karl's Grand- •fon, by Mr. Barbutt, late Secretary of the Poft Office, arc now in the poflellion of Pri i l 1 p C a r t li a e t W t ii 1:, Efqj . ArcbbiJl:op ^Canterbury. 2/9 rors, who frequented the churches, and yet pro' fcfs'd, that they did not join in the prayers for thei"^ MajelUes. His Grace's anfwcr to iMr. Nelson'^ queilion was dated December 15th 1691 in thefe words : *' As to the cafe you put, I wonder men *' fliould be divided in opinion about it. I think it *' plain, that no man can join in prayers, in which *' there is any petition, which he is verily perfuaded " is finful. I cannot endure a trick any where, " much lefs in religion." This is undoubtedly the letter referr'd to in The life of Mr. Kettlewell % whofe opinion was exa6lly the fame. After the Archbifliop had been near a year in his See, he found himfelf confirm'd in the notions, which he had before entertain'd, that the circum- flances attending a great poft make grandeur not near fo eligible, with regard to the poiieffor's own cafe and happinefs, as perfons at a diftance from in are apt to imagine. To this purpofe heenter'd his own reflecflions in fliort-hand in his Common-place- book, under the title of Some fcattcred thoughts of my own upon feveral fiibje£fs and occnfionSy begun this day March 13, 1694-, to be tranfcribed. His re- marks concerning a public and fplendid ivay of living compar'd with a private and retired life deferve to be inferted here at length, as they were the refult of the real experience of a very able obferver of human life in all its fituations. *' One would be apt to wonder, thatNEHEMiAa (Chap. V. Ver. 16, 17, 18.) fhould reckon a huge bill of fare, and a vafl number of promif- cuous guefts amongft his virtues and good deeds, for which he defires God to remember him. Bur, upon better confideration, befides the bounty, and fometimes charity, of a great table, (pro- vided there be nothing of vanitv or oftentation in S 2 ' « \\) ^ P. 351. and 357. 26o The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " it) there may be exercifed two very confiderable ** virtues -, one is temperance, and the other felf- " denial, in a man's being contented for the lake of the pubhc^ to deny himfelf fo much, as to fic down every day to a feaft, and to eat continually in a croud, and almoft never to be alone, efpeci- ally when, as it often happens, a great part of the company, that a man mud have, is the company, " that a man would not have. I doubt it will '' prove but a melancholy bufinefs, when a man " comes to die, to have made a great noife " and buftle in the world, and to have been known " far and near •, but all this while to have been hid *' and conceal'd from himfelf. It is a very odd and " fantaftical fort of life for a man to be continually " from home, and moft of all a ftranger at his *' own houfe. " It is furely an uneafy thing to fit always in a " frame, and to be perpetually upon a man's guard ; " not to be able to fpeak a carelefs word, or to ufe " a negligent pofture, without obfervation and '' cenfure. " Men are apt to think, that they, who are in higheft places, and have the moft power, have moft liberty to fay and do what they pleafe. But it is quite otherwife, for they have the leaft liber- ty, becaufe they are moft obfeived. It is not mine own obfervation •, a much wifer man (I mean Tully) fays. In maxima quaque fori una minimum licere. They, that are in the higheft and greateft condition, have of all others the leaft " liberty. " In a moderate ftation it is fufficient for a man. " to be indiifcrenlly wife. Such a man has the pri- " vilege to commit little follies and miftakes with- *' out having any great notice taken of them. But " he, that lives in the light, i. e. in the view of all 7 *' men. Archbifiop ^Canterbury. 261 *' men, his adlions are expofed to every body's ob- ** fervation and cenfure. " Wc ought to be glad, when thofe, that are fit " for government, and called to it, are willing to *' take the burden of it upon them •, yea, and to be ** very thankful to them too, that thty will be at the ** pains, and can have the patience to govern, and ** to live publicly. Therefore it is happy for the *' world, that there are fome, who are born and bred ** up to it ; and that cuftom hath made it eafy, or at '* leafl: tolerable to them. Elfe who, that is wife, *' would undertake it ? fince it is certainly much *' eafier of the two to obey a juft and wife govern- '* ment (I had almoft faid any government) than to *' govern juflly and wifely. Not that I find fault " with thofe, who apply themfelves to public bufi- *' nefs and affairs. They do well, and we are be- ** holden to them. Some by their education, and *' being bred up to great things, and to be able to " bear and manage great bufinefs with more eafe *' than others, are peculiarly fitted toferve God and *' the public in this way : and they, that do, are " worthy of double honour. " The advantage, which men have by a more *• devout, and retired, and contemplative life, is, *' that they are not diflracled about many things ; " their minds and affedlions are fet upon one thing ; '* and the whole flream and force of their affcflions *' run one way. All their thoughts and endeavours " are united in one great end and defign, which " makes their life all of a piece, and to be confiftent " with itfclf throughout. " Nothing but necefTity, or the hope of doing *' more good than a man is capable of doing in a *' private ftation (which a modell man will not ea- " illy prefume concerning himfelf) can recompenfe *' the trouble and uneafinefs of a more public and " bufy life. 'Si " Eefides 202 I'be Life of Dr. John Tillotson, *' Befides that many men, if they underftand ** themfclves right, are at the beft in a lower and '« more private condition, and make a much more " awkard figure in a higher and more pubhc fta- " tion ; when perhaps, if they had not been ad- *' vanced, every one would have thought them fit " and worthy to have been fo. " And thus I have confidered and compared im- " partially both thefe conditions, and upon the *' whole matter, without any thing either of dif- " paragement or difcouragement to the wile and " great. And in my poor judgment the more re- *' tired and private condition is the better and fafer, " the more cafy and innocent, and confequently the ** more defirable of the two ^. " Thofe who are fitted and contented to ferve *' mankind in the management and government of *' public affairs, are called benefadors, and if they " govern [well], deferve to be called fo, and to be " fo accounted, for denying themfclves in their own ** eafe^ to do good to many. " Not that it is perfeflion to go out of the world, " and to be perfedly ufelefs. Our Lord by his " own example has taught us, that we can never *' ferve God better than when doing good to men ; ** and that a perpetual retirement from the world, *' and ihunning the convcrfation ol men, is not the " moll religious life ; but living amongft them, and *' doing good to them. The life of our Saviour is *' a pattern both of the contemplative and adive *' life, and fliews us, how to mix devotion and do- *' ing good to the greateft advantage. He would " neither go out of the world, nor yet immerfe him- *' felf in the cares and troubles, in the pleafuresand *' plentiful enjoyments ; much lefs in the pomp and " Iplendor ot it. He did not place religion (as too *' many >" A man \youId be glad to fleal fome more parts of his life to himfelf and Jiis own uie, before he leave the world. Archhifljop of Canterbury. 263 " many have done fince) in a total retirement ** from the world, and fhunning the converfation of ** men, and taking care to be out of all condition " and capacity of doing good to any body. He " did not run away from the converfuion of men, *' nor live in a wildernefs, nor fluit himfclf up in a ** pen. He lived in the world with great freedom, " and with great innocency, hereby teaching us, " that charity to men is a duty no Icfs necellliry " than devotion towards God. He the " world without leaving it. We read indeed, that " he was carried into the wildernefs to be tempted : " But we no where read, that he chofe to live in a " wildernefs to avoid temptation. " The capacity and opportunity of doing greater *' good is the fpecious pretence, under which am- " bition is wont to cover the eager defire of power " and greatnefs. " If it be faid (which is the mod fpiteful thing, *' that can be faid) that fome ambition is neceflary " to vindicate a man from being a fool •, to this I *' think it may be fairly anfwer'd, and without of- " fence, that there may perhaps be as much ambition " in declining greatnefs, as in courting it : Only ** it is of a more unufual kind, and the example " of it lefs dangerous, becaufe it is not hke to be " contagious." When his Grace was fettled in the Archiepifcopal See, he began to form feveral dcfigns for the advan- tage of the church ani religion in general. In thefe he was encourag'd by the readincfs of their Majeftics to promote them by their authority y, and efpecially of the Queen, who was incelfantly employed in pof- fefTing her mind with the beft Ichemes, that were either laid before her by others, or fuggcfued by her own thoughts, for correcting every thing, v/hich was S 4 amifs, 7 Burnet's funeral fermon, />. 25, 26. 2^4 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, amifs, and improving every thing, that wanted fi- nifhing''. With this view, the Archbifhop join*d with her Majefty in engaging Dr. Burnet, Bifhop of Salifoury, to draw up his excellent Difcourfe of the pafioral care^ which was that Prelate's favourite traft^, as an attempt to prepare the fcene for many noble defigns for the perfeding of our ecclefiaftical conftitution''. This difcourfe was finifhed before the end di March 1692 ; and the Bifhop feems to have had fome intention of dedicating it to his friend the ArchbiHiop ; who, on the other hand, was zea- lous for its being pubiifh'd under the Queen's pa- tronage ; for which purpofe he wrote the following letter to that Prelate' : Lamheth-Houfe, March 29, 1692. « My Lord, *' /% S backward as I am in writing letters, I re- *' X\_ ceived one yefterday fo very kind, that I *' could not forbear to acknowledge it with the firft *' opportunity. I do heartily congratulate v/ith your " Lordfhip the birth of your two daughters, and *' efpecially the fafety of the good mother, after fo *' long and heavy a burthen, and fo fore a brunt. " I pray God to multiply his bleffings upon you " more and more. " I find your Lordfhip hath been in travel too ;" ** and I doubt not but have brought forth a man-child. " I fliall be glad to fee him. I wonder you can *' have any difpute where to dedicate it : Not that ** I fhould not be proud of it. But no body mull " come in competition with the good Queen, who " fo ^ Id. Preface to the 3^ Edit, of his pafloral care, /. xxxviii. ^ih Edit. London 1736. ' Conclufion of the hiftory of his own time, r. John Tillotson, The pajioral care being now ready for the prefs, received the imprimatur of the Archbifhop himfelf on the 5th of May 1692, and was publiili'd the fame year. His Grace's acceptance of the See of Canterbury ^ and his attachment to the caufe of the revolution, excluded him, among others, from the offer of pardon in King James IPs declaration. This was ient over to England -about April 1692, previous to his intended invafion of this kingdom with a confi- derable army of Englijh, Scots, Irijh, and French ; and it is faid to have been drawn up by Sir James Montgomery, the fuppos*d author of a very fe- vere pamphlet againfl: the government, intitled. Great Britain'' sjuji complaint, printed in 1692, whofe zeal for the revolution was, by the difappointment of his ambition in not being gratified with the poft of Secretary of State for Scotland, foon chang'd into the greateft adlivity for the reftoration of the abdicated King, till his firmnefs to the Proteflant religion expos'd him to fuch ill treatment at the court of St. Gcrmains, that he was oblig'd to aban- don it, and retire to Paris, where he died in ex- treme melancholy and diftrefs. But the threats of that King were render'd ineffeclual, and his defign entirely defeated by the victory of Admiral Russel KiVi^Y tht French fleet on the 19th of May 1692, and the deflrudion of it at La Hague, But there rot being the fame profped; of fuccefs in Flanders^ where Lewis XIV in perfon open*d the trenches before Namur on the 15th of May, which city he took on the 26th o^ May, as he did the caftle on the 21ft o^ June; the ill fituation of affairs made a deep impreffion on his Grace, who improved every apprehenfion of public diftrefs into the moft ferious refolutions for the regulation of his own condu6f. Accordingly I find in fhort-hand in his Commoa- plvice-book the following jncmoranda : « June ArchbiJl:op of Canterbury : 259 *' J:im ytli 169.'.. I'hat lall night at 12 being in " great perplexity for tlie King (now in great dan- "' gcr, it there be an engagement) I lay waking '' from that time till 5 in the morning, and did •' Iblemnly make thele iollowing relblutions, which " I earneftly beg of almighty God the grace and " power to make good, and did likewifc relolve to " read them over every morning. " I. Not to be angry widi any body upon any '' occafion, becaufe all anger is foolifli, and a fhort fit " of madnefs •, betrays us to great indecencies : " and whereas it is intended to hurt others, the " edge of it turns upon ourfelves. We always re- " pent of it, and are at leaft more angry at our- " felves than by being angry at others. ** 2. Not to be peevifh and difcontented. This " argues littlenefs and infirmity of mind. " 3. Not to trouble the Queen any more with ** my troubles. ** 4. Whenever I fee any error or infirmity in " myfelf, inftead of intending to mend it, to re- *' folve upon it prefently and effedually. " 5. Not to difturb the Qiieen on the Lord's " day, or, if I fpeak with her, to fpeak only on " matters of religion. " 6. To ufe ail gentlenefs towards all men, in ** meeknefs inftrudting thofe, that oppofe them- " felves. " 7. Never to mention any thing faid by me to " the King or Queen, or by them to me -, but to *' thank God every day for the great blefling oi *' the King and Queen, and for their admirable ex- *' ample. " 8. To read this every morning before I go to " prayer. The fame month his Grace was confulted by his friend the Archbilhop oi I'ork hov; to proceed with a 2/0 The Life of Dr, John Tillotson, a DifTenter in his diocefe, who, claiming the privi- lege of the aft of toleration, had fet up an academy, and was complain'd of to him by the Clergy of Crave7t in a formal petition, that this academy might be fupprefs'd ^. The perfon was Mr. Ri- chard Frankland, born in 1630 at Rathmillin. the parifli of Giglefwick in Craven in TorkjJoire^ and educated at Chrijf s-Colkge in Cambridge^ where he took the degree of Mafter of arts, and was after- wards a Preacher at Haughton-k-Spring^ Lanchejler^ and BiJIjops-Aukland in Durham ^ ; and when the Protedor Cromwell had erefted at Durham a col- lege for academical learning on the 15th of May 3657 s, Mr. Frankland was fix'd upon as a fic man to be a tutor there. But that college being de- molifh'd at the reftoration ; and the aCt of unifor- mity, with which he retus'd to comply, tho' folli- cited with a promife of confiderable preferment by Bifhop CosiNS of Z)Zifrat?;«, excluding him from his Living, he retir'd to Ralhmill, which was his own eftate, where he fet up a private academy, and had in the courfe of a few years three hundred pupils. Thence in 1674 he remov'd to Natland near Kendal in IVeJlmorelandy and thence, on account of the five- mile aft, to Dawfonfold^ and other places, and at laft return'd to Kendal^ where he died on the i ft ot 05iohtr 1698, having met with much oppofition in the latter part of his life, being cited into the Bi- ihop's court, and excommunicated for non-appear- ance, but abfolv'd by order of King William, at the interceffion of the Lord Wharton, Sir Tho- mas Rookby, and others. He was afterwards fent for by Archbifliop Sharp, who treated him with great civility •, notwithftanding vv'hich, a trelh cita- tion was fent from the ecclefiailical court, but the proceed- * Letter of the Rer. Mr. Archdeacon Sharp, of AW. 7. 1751- ^ Dr. Cai.amy's Account, />. 2^)4, 28^. 8 Peck's Memoirs of OLivtii Crs,o:.:\vEi.i., Colled. Kumh% XX. /. 61. ^ J'q^. ArchbiJl:op of Cmt^ihu^y. 271 proceedings upon it were ftopp'd by a prohibition". The Archbifliop o^ Canterbury's anlwer to his bro- ther oi Tork was as tollows ' : Lambeth- Houfe, June 14, 1692. « My Lord, " TTEfterday I receiv'd your Grace's letter con- " X cerning Mr. Frankland, with the copy •' ot an addrefs to your Grace againft him, Your- " felt are belt judge what is fit to be done in the ** cafe, becaufe you have the advantage of inquiring " into all the circumftances of it. If my advice ** can fignify any thing, it can only be to tell your ** Grace what I would do in it, as the cafe appears " to me at this diftance. I would fend tor him, *' and tell him, that I would never do any thing to " infringe the a6t of toleration ; but I did not think " his cafe came within it : That there were two " things in his cafe, which would hinder me from " granting him a licence, though he were in all *' . things conformable to the church of England. " Firft, his fetting up a fchool, where a free-fcool ** is already eftabliih'd : And then his inftruding of *' young men in fo public a manner in univerfity- ** learning, which is contrary to his oath to do, if *' he have taken a desiree in either of our univerfi- " ties *, and I doubt contrary to the Bifhop's oath " to grant a licence for the doing of it ; fo that *' your Grace does not in this matter confider him *' at all as a Diilcnter. This I only offer 10 your " Grace, ^ Dr. Cal amy's Account, p. 284. — 28."?. * Communicated to me by the Rev''. Dr. Thomas Sharp^ Archdeacon of Norlhumburlana. * The Quellion, whether the Oaths taken at either of our univerfities, upon being admitted to a degree there, reftrain the Graduate from inilructing of Youth in a private family in Logic and Philofophy, is difcufa'd in two papers, one written by Mr. Samuel Crauock, B. D. printed in Dr. Calamy's Continuation, -vol. IV. p. 731. and the other drawn up by Mr. Charles Morton, M. A. Fo/. III. p. '7- — ic-. 272 TJje Life ofT>r, John Tillotson, '* Grace ; as what feems to me the faireft and foftefl " way of ridding your hands of this bufinefs. *' With my humble fervice to Mrs. Sharp, and «' my hearty prayers for your health and a long *' life to do God and his church much fervice, I " remain. My Lord, " Your Grace's very afFe6lionate " brother and fervant, " Jo. Cant.'* The next month his Grace was named by the Queen herfelf to ftand Godfather with her Majefty and the Earl of Bath to the new-born Ton of Charles Marquis o/HVincheJler^ afterwards Duke of Bolton^ by his Lady, Frances, daughter of William Ramsden of Byrom in the county of Tork, Efq;. This honour done the Archbifhop by her Majefty was fo fcnfibly felt by him, that he could not fupprefs the mention of it, tho' in a ftyle of thegreateft modefty and delicacy, to Lady Rus- SEL, in a letter, which he wrote to her upon a bu- finefs of her own ^. Aug. I, 1692. " Honour'd Madam, ^N Sunday morning I gave yours to the QLieen, telling her, that I was afraid it *» came too late. She laid, perhaps net. Yefterday " meeting the Queen at a Chriftening, flie gave me • " theinclofed to fend to your Lady fliip. And if I '< could but obtain of your fevere judgment to wink. " a little at my vanity, I would tell you how this " happened. My Lady Marchionefs o^ Winchejier " being lately delivered of a fon, fpakc to the Queen *' to ftand Godmother : And the Qiieen alking, " whom ftie had thought of for Godfathers, llie faid *' only the Earl of Bath^ and whom elfe her Ma- " jefty ^ From a copy in the poffeffion of the late Bilhop of London. ArchbiJI:op c/' Canterbury. 27^ •* jcfty would pleafc to name. They agreed upon " me, which was a great furprize to me ; but I *' doubt not a gracious contrivance of her Majefty " to let the world know, that I have her counte- " nance and fupport. If it pleafe God to preferve *' my good mailer, and to grant him iuccefs, I " have nothing more to v;ifli in this world, but that ** God would grant children to this excellent Prince; " and that I, who am faid not to have been bap- *' tized myfelf, may have the honour to baptize a *' Prince of rf^(:?/i'j. With God, to whofe wifdom *' and goodnefs v^'e mufi; fubmit every thing, this '* is not impofilbie. To his protection and blefllng *' I commend your Ladyihip and your hopeful *' children. *' Reading over what I have written puts me in •* mind of one, who, when he was in his drink, al- *' ways went and fliewed himfelf to his beft friends. '* But your Ladyfhip knows how to forgive a little " folly to one 'io entirely devoted to your fervice, " as is, Honour'd Madam, " Your moll obliged and humble fervant, " Jo. Cant.'* In'the latter end of this year 1692, the Hijlory of the Inquifuio/i^ written in Latin by Philip Lim- BORCH, Profeflbr of divinity among the Arminians at Amjierdanj, was publifh'd there in folio with a de- dication to the Archbifliop. This work was under- taken by the author upon meeting with the original manufcript of iht Sentences pronounc'd by the Inqui- fition 2it 'Thculoufe in France, from the year 1307 to 1323-, and it is an excellent performance, and contains an account of the rife, progrefs, and pro- ceedings of that formidable court, iupported by in- difputable authorities. Whenhe had tinilhed it, he wrote in June 1 692 to Mr, Locke, who was a com- T mon 27*4 *^'^^ ^^fi ^f ^^' J°"^ Til LOT SON, mon friend to the Archbifhop and himfelf, to fe- queft his Grace's leave for giving it the world under the fan6lion of his patronage. Mr. Locke wrote to Mr. LiMBORCH on the 30th of that month', that he had that day waited upon the Archbifliop, who immediately recolledled Mr. Limborch's name, and that he had received from him a prefent ofthatDivine*sbook, intitled, Deveritate religionis Cbrijliana arnica collatio cum erudito Judao^ printed in 1687, excufmg himfelf for not having return'd him a letter of thanks for it, becaufe his ill health, the weaknefs of his eyes, and other intervening ei> gagements of bufinefs, had hitherto prevented him from reading the whole : But he highly commended the work and its author. He thoughtj that the Hijlory of the Biquifition would be very feafonable at that time i and read over the contents of the chap- ters with great pleafure and approbation •, and when Mr. Locke mendoned to him the affair of the de- dication, he anfwered with fo much civility of words and countenance, as Ihew'd, that it was not dif- pleafing to him. Mr. Locke therefore advifed Mr. Limborch to fend it over, concurring with him in opinion, that the Archbifhop fhould read it before it was fent to the prefs; and promifing to Ihew it to his Grace, and to mark any thing in it, that ought to be alter'd. His Grace obferv'd, that he had a book printed in Portugal in 8vo, concern- ing an auto de fe there, to which were prefix'd feve ral papal bulls and other inftrumcnts, granting aiul eflablifliing the authority of the holy office ; which book he had not yet found, tho' he had look'd for it, his library not being yet in order •, but directed it to be fcarch'd out againlf Mr. Locke's next vifit, to be fent to Mr. Limborch. Mr. Locke, in his next letter of the 28th of November 1692 *", informs Mr. ' Familiar letters between Mr. Locke r.nd fcvcral of iiis friends, p. 339. E.-iit. I,ondon 1708, iuSvo. " f ainiliur Iciters, b'c. /'. 341. Afcbbij7.i>p c/' Canterbury. 27^ Mr. LiMBORCH of his having come immediately to Londcn upon the arrival of the printed copies of his book, and waited upon the Archbifhop, who de- clar'd his obligations to Mr. Limborch for it, and his great fatisUction in reading it, as he had already done the greateft part of it, notwithllanding his avocations of mod important bufinefs ; and that he defign'd to write to Mr. Limborch a let- ter of thanks upon that occafion. Mr. Locke in another letter of the loth of January 169-1", ^^" quaints Mr. Limborch, that upon his coming to town three days before, the Archbifhop had fent for him, and having premifed many things in commen- dation of Profefibr Limborch and his hiftory, faid, that he had now at laft wrote to him, having been hitherto prevented by a multitude of bufinefs ; de- firing Mr. Locke to diredt and tranfmit his letter, together with a volume of his fermons lately pub- hfhed. Mr. Limborch's dedication to his Grace is form*d upon topics, that do the higheft honour to a Proteftant Prelate, and are applied to him with great force and propriety. He begins it with re- marking, that upon a thorough confideration of the fubjedl of the book itfelf) and of the eminent rank held by the Archbifhop with the unanimous applaufe of all good men, and to the common ad- vantage of all the reformed churches, in a crifis of the utmofl difHculty, the infcription of fuch a work was due to his Grace above all men living. That on the one hand, all perfons, who wifli'd the main- tenance of the Gofpel purity and liberty, had the highefl veneration for his Grace, who was plac'd at the head of the church of England^ the moft emi- nent among the reformed, and who was on that ac- count in fome meafurethe defender of the reformed churches in general ; his endeavours being faithfully T 2 em- f Ih'-A. p 345. 276 The Life of t>r, John Tillotson, employed in the promoting the Chriilian dodrine and faith, by means diredtly oppofite to thofe of the papal tyranny, and in engaging men in the way of ialvation. For not to infifl: upon his eloquence in the pulpit, of which he was fo great a mafter, ge- nuine, free from the difguife of falfe ornaments,' and agreeable to the divine oracles, his flrength and acutenefs of judgment in controverfy, his learning adapted to ufe, and not to oftentation, and hisothei" excellent qualifications, which had long before fix'd the attention and hopes of all good men upon him, and now adorn'd the high office, which he fill'd^ his Grace's mildnefs of temper, fo peculiarly be- coming a paftor of the church, and fo much wanted in that age, promifed the greateft advantage to the reformation, which ftill labour'd under difficulties, and had been lately almofl: opprefs'd. For fo di- ftinguifh'd was his Grace for integrity of life, fim- plicity of manners, candour, univerfal charity and benevolence, and prudence founded on experience, that divine Providence feem'd to have chofen him, in order that, under his influence and condU(fl, the whole body of the reformed churches, laying afide their inteftine difputes, might unite and fupport the liberty of the Gofpel and the Chriftian religion againft the machinations and Ihocking cruelty of the church of Rome. That his Grace, who was an example to all men of a true evangelical charity, oppofed the- tyranny of the See of Rome, by the fame arts, fanc- tity of life, and benignity of heart, with which Chri- ftianity anciently fubdued and deftroyed Pagan ido- latry, impiety, and tyranny, and by which it will always triumph over its enemies. Thefe were the reafons, which prevented Mr. Limborch from of- fering his work to any other patron, than his Grace, who, he was perluaded, would concur with him in opinion, that the pubhcation of it would be ex- tremely feafonablc in the prefent fituation of things, when Archbijhop of Canterbury. 277 ■when Popery, efpecially in England, was endea- vouring to advance itfclf, and gain the fole domi- nion ; fince the readers of that book would fee in it, as in a glafs, the lively and genuine renrt-fcntation of it, and by that means not fuffcr thtu.f'r'lv-s to be deluded with a fallacious one -, and confequ-ntly view it in its proper lighr, of a confederacy of cruel and fanguinary men, afifefling, and, where they can, ufurping an authority over the confcicnces of others, and erecting a kingdom in dired oppofition tothatof Chrifl. He hoped therefore, that all Pro- tertaiUis would, under the aufpices of his Grace, as their common fpiritual father, be infpired with a juft horror of the papal dominion, and obviate its progrefs by the fincerity of their faith, a charity truly Chridian, and a thorough purity of man- ners : And that, for the fake of preferving the reformation, they would learn to deteft all cru- elty againft, andpunifhmentsof thofe, whodilTented or were in error, if they were otherwife perfons of piety ; fince it is certain, that all mankind will give an account of their faith before the tribunal of Chrifl:, their fuprcmelegiflator and judge; and that no man has a right to make laws for confcience, and pre- fcribe rules of belief, which vvould be in reality af- fuming the feat of Chrill. Upon thefe principles the church would at laft flourifh under his Grace ; and enmity, hatred, and fchifms, by which it had been hitherto miferably divided, be entirely abolifhed. And if God, in punilhment for our fins, fhould not yec reftore the golden age of the primitive church, when all the believers had one heart and one mindy men would at lead learn not to domineer over the confciences of their brethren, nor to punifh any perfon for a fimpleand innocent error of judgment, much lefs to inflid: death upon him for the inge- nuous profeflion of his faith, of which he is ready to give an account to God ; but to expofe errors by T 5 reafon, 278 l^he Life of Dt\ John Tillotson, reafon, and the clear teftiomony of fcripture, and in the mean time to wait with meeknefs and patience for the repentance of the erring perfon, till God fhall enable him to fee and embrace the truth. Mr. Lim- BORCH concludes his dedication with his wiflies, that Providence would blefs his Grace's pious la-r hours for the peace and benefit of the church, and grant, that he might reftore and fupport it by the fame means, to which it ov/d its firft rife, progrefs, and eftablifhment. His Grace had likewife a great regard for ano- ther very learned man among the Arminians in Hol^ land, to whom the EngliJJj nation is greatly obliged for the reputation, which our bed writers of the iaft and prefent century have acquired in foreign coun- tries. This was Monf. Le Clerc, whole tranflation of, and paraphrafe and commentary upon Genefts^ publifhed in 1693, gave fuch fatisfadion to the Archbifhop, that, after he had read part of it, he teftified his approbation of it by a letter to the au- thor, and afterwards fent him a prefent of Bifhop Kidder's Commentary on the five books of Mofesy publilhed in 1694°. But that Prelate having in his Vijfertation concerning the author of the Pentateuch pals'd a judgment upon Monf. Le Clej^c's work, which the latter was perfuaded the Archbilhop dif- approved, he wrote to the Bifiiop on the 5th oi Nor 'vember 1694, to complain of his lordfhip's charging him with ill arts, and having laid things, which could only have been expe6led from a difciple of Hobbes, or a deift. Bilhop Kidder return'd an anfwer from JVells on the 9th of that month, promifmg to do juftice to his charadler, which promife he repeated foon after to a friend of Mg)nf. Le Clerc : who, Vpon his Lordfhip's dying without publicly retract- ing ^ Bjbliptheque Chojfie, Tom. IV. jirl. X. /. 364- 3 Archhijlop of Canterbu ry, 1 79 »ng the ccnfure above-mention'd, printed the letters, which liad pafs'd between them on that lubjed''. The fucccfs at Tea in the fuinmer of tiie year 1 692, ^nd the prelervation of his Majefty's perlbn, both from an intended airaflination by the Sieur de Gr and- VAL, to which, according to his own confefTion, King James and his Queen, as well as the French court, were privy, and in the unfortunate battle of Steinklrk^ on the 24,th of July, againfl: Marfhal Luxembourg, occafioning a public tliankfgiving on the 27th o'i O^uber^ the Archbifhop was ap- pointed to preach before their Majeftie?, after the Bifhop of Salijhury had excufed himfelf. For the Queen having fent that Bifhop a text, Exod. iv. 13. he prepar'd a fcrmon upon it ; but then humbly re- prefented to her Majefty, that he having preach'd the two thankfgiving fermons in the two preceding years, it would look as if none eUe was willing to perform that office, if it fhould be llili laid upon him. The Queen faw the force of this remark, and ordered the ArchbiHiop to preach on that occa^^ fion ; but the Bifliop's fermon, tho* not preach'd, was afterwards publilhcd by him with others in 1715. That of his Grace was on Jerem. ix. 23, 24. in which he defcribes the revolution, as the caufe of true religion againft a falfe and idolatrous worfhip, and of the liberties of mankind againft tyranny and opprelTion •, expreffing no favourable opinion of the fincerity of fome of the enemies to it. '* As bad an . ♦' argument, Jays he, as fuccefs is of a good caufe, " I am furry to fay it, but I am afraid it is true, it ^' is like in the conclufion to prove the beft argu- " ment of all others to convince thofe, who have fo *' long pretended confcience againft fubmifiion to ♦' the prefent government. Mere fuccefs, adds he^ ^' is certainly one of the worft arguments in the *' world P Ibid, /•. 370 y ftqq. 2oO The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " world of a good caufe, and the moft improper to " fatisjy conicience. And yet we find by experi- " ence, that in the iiTue it is the moft fuccefsful of " all other arguments, and does in a very odd but " efi\6lual way fatisfy the confciences of a great " many men by fhewing them their intereft.'* This paffige highly enraged Dr. Hickes'^, as well as the comphments to King William, in winch there is one milance of falfe eloquence unufual in his Grace's writings. Ic is that, where taking notice of Lewis XlY's unprincely manner of infulting over King "William, when he believ'd him to have been flain at the Boyne^ he adds, that " no mortal man ever had ** his flioulder fo kindly kijVd by a cannon bullet :'* an exprclTion which gave Dr. South, no friend to liim or his memory, the advantage of animadverting upon it as a peculiar ftrain cf rhetorics 1 he King having efcaped the moft imminent dan- ger in the bartle of Landen in July 1693 againft IvLnilial Luxembourg, in which the Earl of Porllar:d was wounded, the Archbifliop took the firft oppoitunity of writing to his Lordfhip the fol" lowing letter s Jupijl i, 1693. *' My Lord, ** T Cannot forbear on this great occafion to con- " A gratulate the King's fafety and merciful pre- " lervaiion trom the many deaths, to which his *' royal perfon was fo eminently expofed in the late " bloody engagement. I thank God from my ** heart, who proteded him in that day of danger^ ** and likewife preferved your Lordfliip's life, *' which had been fo lately reftored, I hope the ** wound your Lordlliip received i§ not dangerous, '1 and 9 Some difcourfes, /. 56, 58. ' Dr. South's fermons, 'uo/. Ill, p. 570. £ was a hearer of. Mr. John Good v/ in of Cokman-Street, he Brft • ,-^^.j nban- * P, 20. ^ BuRNEi'i Refle»!lic)ns, />. 10;. Archb}Jl:Gp c/' Canterbury. 293 abandoned the principles of Calvin for thofc of Armin'ius, and afterwards adopted thofe of the Unitarians from his converfatioii with Mr. JoH^x BiDDLE^, who had been imprifoned in December 1645, for publifliing his thoughts upon the fubjed of the Trinity, and in danger of flittering death for them in 1648, thro' the zeal of the aircmbly of ]^ivines, and was confined feveral years in the Illand of Scilly ^ as he was after the reftoration in Newgale, where he contradcd a difcafe, which, the fccond day after his removal from thence by the indulgence of one of the Sheriffs, put an end to his life September 22, 1662, in his 47th year. Mr. Firmin's zeal for his inftrudor was fo gre;ir, thac he ventured, while he was only an apprentice, to deliver a petition for his releafe out of Newgate to Qliver Cromwell, who gave him this fhort an- fwer ; '* You curl-pate boy you, do you think Til •* (hew any favour to a man, who denies his Sa- *•' viour, and dillurbs the government'?" Mr. FiRMiN loon became a confiderable trader in London, by which he might have acquired a very large for- tune, if he had not been conlfantly employed in all conceivable methods of fcrving the public *, whicfi gained him an univerfal efteem, and particularly with the moft eminent of the Clergy, though his peculiar notions were well known. And his charity U 3 was t Life of Mr, Thomas Firmin, f. 5 — 10, ^ Wood, Adi. Oxon. lol- II. col. 304, 305, ajid Life of Mr. Bi DOLE, prefixed to a colle£lion of Trails, in tit led, The Faith of one God, ioc. afferted and vindicated, f. 5 — 9. Edit. London i5gi in4to. ^ Ken net's regifter and chronicle, p. 761. * Hepublifl"i'd at London m 1681 in 410, Some fropofals for the Employment of the Poor^ and for the pre'vention of Idlenefs, and the covfequence thereof, hegging ; a praBice fo dijhonourable to the Motion and to the Chriftian religion : In a letter to a Friend, by T. F. In this piece he gives a particular account of the Work- houfe erecled by him about four years before in Little Britain, in the parifh of Alderfgate, for the employment of the Poor in (ho Linen Manufacture. See liitevvife his Life^ p. 29—40. 294- ^^'^ ^y^ ^f ^^'' John Tillotson, was lb unconna'd and impartial, that he begin tQ exert himfeif in collecting money for the deprived Nonjurors, iipon the foot of a fcheme drawn up by Mr. Kettlewell, till he wasdeterred from proceed- ing in it by fome ot his great friends, who told him, thiit this fcheme was illegal, being calculated for the fupport of the enemies ot the government''. He died on the 2 0th oi December 1697, in the 66th year of his age, being attended in his kit illnefs by his intimate friend Dr. Edward Fowlek ', who had been ad- vanced to the See of GloucejUr in July 1 69 1 . His underftanding and knowledge were very remarkable, but he was entirely ignorant of the learned lan- guages, and the fchool logic and philofophy '^. His hypothefis with refped to the Trinity was that of Arius, tho' he was conimonly ftiled a Socinian ; and he was an indufbrious propagator of the books^ publifhed in favour of bis own opinions after the revolution ". The Archbifliop having fent him one of the firft copies of b'is four Jermo?is from the prefs, Mr. Fir- MiN not being convinced by them, caufed a refpedt- fui anfvver to be drawn up and publiilvd in 1694. in 4to, under the title of Conftderations on the explica- tions of the doolrine of the 'Trinity ; in v/hich his Grace is ftiled the common father of the nation^ and acknowledged to have " inftru<5ted the Socinians *' themfclves with the air and language of a father, *' not of an adverfary or judge ;" and that they were " concern'd for their own reputation to rcve- " rcnce his perfon and admonitions, becaufe it is '* agreed among all good men, or that but profefs '* to be fuch, that he is refpefted and loved by all ?' but thofe, that are alfo known to hate their coun- f' try J and hath no other maligners^ but the ene- I ^* mies ^ Life of Mr. Kettleweh, f. 420, 421. - * Life of Mr. Firmin, /. 82, 83. ? Ibid, />.15. . f Burnet, wol.ll. f. 2x1,212, Archhijl.^p o/" Canterbury. 295 *^ mlcs of the nation icfcU." .'V copy of thefe Con- jfjderatioiis was given by Mr. Firmim to his Grace, who having read them over, only laid to him, " My Lord of Sarum lliall humble your writers.** But he never exprels'd afterwards the kail coldnefs to that gentleman on account ol the Conjlderaiions^ to v/hom he had before dcciar'd, upon the publica- tion oi \\\s four fermons^ that he was oblig'd by the calumnies of people to publifh them ; and that what he now printed was what he thought a: the lijne of preaching them, and continued to think ; but thac no falfe imputations fliould provoke him to give ill language to perfons, who diflented confcientioufly, and for weighty reafons •, which he knew well to be the cafe of the Socinians, for whofe learning and dex- terity he fhould always have a refpecb, as well as for their fincerity and cxemplarinefs °. Thefe ConfiderU' tions did not long continue without a reply ; for Dr. John Williams, afttrvvards Bifhop q{ Chichejitr^ wrote the fame year a vindication of the Archbifhop's four fermom, and of the Bifhop of JVorcefler*s Ser- mon on the myfteries cf the Cbrijtian faith. The im- primatur to it \s,dzx.td November 17th 1694, the day before the Archbifhop was feiz'd with his laft illnefs; but it was not pubiifh'd till 1695 in 4to, with a de- dication to James Chadwick, Efq; his Grace's fon-in-law ; in which Dr. Williams obferves, that it was not without the Archbifhop*s diredtion and encouragement, that he entered upon that work ; and that had he lived to have perufed the whole, as he did a part of it a few days before his laft hours, // had come with greater advantage into the world, as having pafs*d the trial of that exa^ and impartial judgment, which he was wont to exercife in matters of this nature. To this piece is fubjoin'd a letter to the U 4 author * Life of Mr. Thomas Firmin, late Citizen of London. Written by one of his moft intimate acquaintance, /. 15, 16, 17. Edit. London 1698. i^6: The Life of Dr. John Tillotsok, author from Dr. Burnet Bifliop of Sartm?y date4 at PVeJtimriJter 2d of February 1694, in which he fpeaks with great contempt and fcverity of the late pieces pubhihed in England in defence of the Unitar fian principles. But how little foever the Archbifliop was thought by the Socinians themfelves a friend to their notions, and though they pubhfliecl an anfwer to his four fer- mons againft them, yet thefc very fermons were virg'd by his enemies to fupport the imputation qF Sdcinianilm, with which he had been loaded. For in 1695 there was publifhed in 4to, faid to be printed at Edinhurgh, a piece intitled, The charge cf Socinianifm againji Dr. Tillotson conjldered, in examinattQn of fome fermons he has lately publijhed on purpofs to clear himfelf from that imputation. By way cf dialogue between 1^. a Friend of Dr. Th^ and C. a Catholic Chrifiian. To which is added fome refie£fions upon the fecond of Dr. Burnet's four difcourles con- cerning the divinity and death of Chriil, printed in 1694. To which is likewife amiex^d a Jupplnmnt upon occnfion of a Hiftory of religion lately publifljedy fuppofed to be wrote by Sir R. H d. Wherein likewife Charles Blount's great Diana is confi- dered'^ and both compared with Dr. Til lot son's fermons. By a true fon of the church. The whols performance, which the writer declares in his pre- face to have been written before the Archbifhop's death, is written in a ftyle of invedive and fciirrility, as unfuitable to the difcuffion of a queftion of religion, as to the charadicr of the perfon, againit whom it is levelled. It aifcrts p, that his Grace's fermons, ** are all the genuine eficds of Hohbifm^ which *' loofens the notions of religion, takes from it all ♦' that is fpiritual, ridicules whatever is called fuper.- ■** natural '.y it reduces God to mattery and religion to *^ fjaiurs, ■ lathis fchool Dr. T: has thefe many " yea/s 'P. 13. . ^' ^rchl/ij7:cf> of OinttrhuTy, 297 >^ years held tlie firll form, and now difFufes his f^ poifon from a high ftation. . . . His politics are *' Leviathan, and his religion is Latitudinarian, " which is none -, that is, nothing that is poftttve^ «* but againft every thing that is pofitive in other f religions •, whereby to reduce all religions to an *' uncertainty, and determinable only by the civil ?' power. . . He is own'd by the Atheiftical wits " of all Evgland as their true Primate and Apoftle. " They glory and rejoice in him, and make their J* public boafts of him. He leads them not only ^' the length of Socinianifm (they are but flender '* beaux have got no farther than that) but to ca|l ^' in qudftion all revelation, to turn Genefis, i^c, ?' into a mere romance-, to ridicule the whole as *' Blount, Gildon, and others of the Dodor's " difciples have done in print." The writer pro- ceeds in this ftrain, averting "i, that a thread of p/aiit ^nd downright Hobbifm runs thro' all the Archbi- fliop's works, whofe principles he ftiles diabolical^ and that he had by them deeply poifoned the nation. Dr. HiCKES was privy to the writing of this piece, for he recommended ■■ it, as what he hop'd would fee the light before the publication of his own Dif- courfes upon Dr. Burnet and Dr. Tillotson. It was replied to in A twofold vitidication of tH late Archhifhop of Canterbury, and of the author of the Hiffory of religion; in which Dr. Alexander. Monro, an eminent Nonjuring divine, formerly Principal of the College of Edinburgh, and author of a very good volume of fermons printed at Lon- don in 1693, and of A letter to a gentleman upon o^- (ajion of flme new opinions in riligion, printed in 1696 in 4to, being confider'd as the writer of The charge of Socinianifm againfl Dr. Tillotson, he publiflied the fame year 1696, A letter to the bonou- Xable Sir Robert Howard, denying his having had 1 P. 16, « Some difcourfes, f. 53, 54. 2^8 The L^fe of Dr. John Tillotson, had any concern in that piece, or having feen it till after it was printed -, to which purpofe he had pub- liflied an advertiil'mcnt in January that year ; and he affirms % that the real author oi the charge was ne- ver in ScotIa7:d, tiio' in the title-page it is pretended to have been printed at Edinburgh. And indeed it is now known to have been the produ6lion of that voluminous polemical writer, Mr. Charles Lesley, a man of fome learning and wit, but accompanied with a vein of fcurrility, that muft render his writ- ings in general difguitful to the prefent age and pofterity, however applauded in his own time, and by his own party. He was fon of Dr. John Les- ley Biihop of Chgber, and in 1687 was made Chancellor of the Dioccfe of C(JK;?i^ in Ireland, the year before the revolution ; and though a declar'd enemy to it afterwards, is faid to have been the iirff, "who began the war in /r^/^;;^ again fl: James IL af- firming, in a fpeech folemnly made, that he, by declaring himfelf a Papift, could no longer be King, fince he could not be the defender of our faith, nor the head of our church •, dignities fo inherent in the crown, that he, who v/as incapable of thcfe, could not hold it : and as he animated the people with this Ipeech, fo fome actions followed under his conduft, in which feveral men were kiil'd '. He died in Ire- land in Adarch 1721-2. The Archbifhop's concern for inculcating the principles of ftedfaftnefs in religion, and the private and domeflic duties of it, with the advantages of early piety, and a right education of children, en- gag'd his Grace to publifli in 1694 fix fermons upon thofe fubjeds, which had been prcach*d by him in the. church of St. Laurence Jewry. In the preface he expreffes his hope, that he fliould for the re- mainder of his life be releas'd from that irkfome and unpleafant work of contrcverfy and wrangling about religion -, • P,.g. * Burke T, W. II, ^ 53S. Archbijhop o/' Canterbury. 25)9 religion •, and his rcfolution of turning his thoughts to Ibmcthing more agreeable to his temper, and of a more diredt and immediate tendency to the pro- moting of true religion, to the happinefs of human fociety, and the reformation of the world •, being fenfible, how faft the infirmities of age were coming upon him. *' I knew very well, adds he, zvitb bis *' ufualmcdej})'^ before I entered upon this great and *^ Weighty charge, my own manifold defedcs, and " how unequal my beft abilities were for the due " difcharsie of it : But I /Iinifter of 6"/. Petei-'s of Mancrojt^ in Norwich. Here he contracted a friendOiip with Sir Edward jAtkyns", Lord Chief- Baron of the Exchequer, >vho then fpent the long vacations in that city. By jtliis gentleman he was carried to Dondon^ and intro- duced there to the acquaintance of feveral eminent iiien» and particularly the Archbiiliop, then Preacher cf hincolrC^ Inn^ who often engag'd Mr. Jeffery 50 preach for him there, and was probably the means pf making him known to Dr. Whichcot, three volumes of whofe fermons were afterwards publifn'd by Mr. Jeffery. And it is not to be doubted, but fhat if his Grace had lived much longer, he would have raifed the Archdeacon to a more confpicuous jtation in the church "^ ; whofe learning, piety, and thorough knowledge of the true principles of Chrif- tianity would have adorn'd the highelt, and are a iyfHcient recommendation of his writings lately col- lected " Sir Edward Atkyns had been long a mofl intimate friend 6f the Archbifiiop, as appears from a pafiage in the Life of Mr. Isaac Milles, i?.?^or a/" Hichdeer ;« Hampihire, pubhft'd in J721 in 8vo by liis fon, Dr. Thomas Milles, Bifliop oiWa- terford'm Ireland, who mentions, p. 33. that Mr. Milles be- ing introduc'd by Sir Edward to Mr. Tillotson, at Barley tn Hertfordjhiret difceined in him during the little converfation, vhich he then had with him, fuch an opennefs and clearnefs, fuch a ci'viltty and oblighgnefi of deportment, as he never found in any other man. ■" Memoirs of the life of Dr. jEFFEny, pr^fx'J to A com- plete colleftion of his;ferinon« and trails, /« 'xvp valumtst London^ 1751 in 8vo. I u4rchbiJI:op ^Cantertnry. 3; of !c6led and republifhed in a manner, that does juft ice both to his memory and the pubHc. In the beginning of the fame year 1694 Mr. John Strvpe, who had before diftinguifli'd himfclf ais Editor of the fecond volume of Dr. John Light- foot's works, having now fi.nifli*d the impreffion of the Life of Arckbijhop Cranmer in foHo, ad- drefled it to the Archbifhop in a modeft dedication, in which he takes notice, that his Grace's " deferts *' towards this church and the reformation had " raisM him to fit in Archbifhop Cranmer's *' chair, tho' with as much reluftancy, fays he^ in ** you, as was in him.*' And in his preface, dated ^t Low -Lay ton September 29, 1693, he mentions his obhgations to his Grace, as well as to his prede- ceflbr, for the ufe of the manufcripts in the library at Lambeth. This honeft and induflrious writer was defcended of a German family, but born at London^ and educated zt Catherine- Hall in Cambridge^ where he took the degree of Mafter of arts, in v/hich he was incorporated at Oxford July 11, 1671. He was at firft Reflor of They don- Boys in EJfeXy which he was collated to in July 1 BSg^ and refign'd in February following, for the Vicarage of Low-Lay- ion in the fame county. Befides which he had the fine-cure Re6lory o^ JVefi-Terring in Suffex given him by Archbifhop Tenison, and was Lefturer of Hackney near London, where he died at the houle of Mr. Harris an Apothecary, who married his grand-daughter, on the 13th q{ December 1737, at an uncommon age, having enjoy'd his vicarage near fixty-eighr years. He kept an exadl diary of his own life, which was fhewn me not long before his death by Mr. Harris i and feem'd to contain many curious circumftances relating to the literary hiftory of his times, as he was engag'd in a frequent corre- fpondencc, efpeciaily by letters, with Archbifhop \S A^Ej and the Bilhops, Burnet, Nicholson, and ^02 11)6 Life »fDr. John Tillotson, and Atterbury, and other eminent perfons. Hii fidelity and induftry will always give a value to his numerous writings, however deftitute of the graces, and even of the uniformity of ftyle, and the art of connedling facls. The Archbifliop's correfpondence with Lady RussEL had been interrupted on her part for many months, by the diforder in her eyes increafing to fuch a degree, that Ihe was oblig'd on the 27th of June 1 694 to fubmit to the operation of couching. Upon this occafion his Grace drew up a prayer "" two days after, in which he touch'd upon the death of her hufband, " whom thy holy and righteous provi- " dence, fays he, permitted under a colour of law '• andjujtice to be unjujlly cut off from the land of " the living :" but over the words in Italics, after the firft writing, he drew a line, as intending to erafe them, probably from a reflexion, that they might be too ftrong, or lefs fuitable to a prayer. The day before the compofing of this prayer, he wrote a letter to the Bifhop of Salijbury upon the following occafion. Upon the nomination of the Bilhop to that See, a few days after their Majeilies advancement to the throne, he met with fome diffi- culties with refpe(^ to his confecration. For when his cledion was returned and confirmed, the pre- cept for his confecration went in courfe to Archbilhop San CROFT, who declared, that he would not obey it. Some of the Bilhops tried to perfuade him, but in vain. The Earl of Nottingham likewife tried, but fucceeded no better. The party, who were ene- mies to the revolution, had got it among them, that he had promifed them not to do it. But as the time came on, and he faw, that he muft be fued in SLpr^munire, he of a fudden ordered two commif- fions to be drawn ; both which he fign*d and feal'd, one diredled to the Archbifliop of 2''crkf and all the Bilhops * Entcr'd in fliort-hand in his Common-place-book. Archbipop of Cantc rb u ry. 30^ &(hops of England -, tlie other to all the Bifhops of the province, to execute his metropolitical authority during plcafure. The latter was made ufe of, and in purfuance of it Dr. Burnet was confecratcd on the 3 ill of March 1689 -, fo that this was as much Arch- bifliop Sancroft's own aft, as if he himfcif had confecr.ited the new Bifliop, and he authorized o- thers to do what he feemed himfelf to think unlaw- ful. His Vicar-General produced this commilTion, and was prefent at the confecration, and all the fees were paid to his officers. But the Nonjuring party complaining of this, in order to give them fome fatil- faftion, the Archbiihop fent by Mr. Henry Wh au- TOM a melTage (unlefs the latter went in his name without order) to Mr. Tillot the Regifter^ to fend him that commiffion j which being accordingly fent, it was withdrawn. This violation of a public regifter depriv*d the Bifhop of Salijlury of an instru- ment of the utmoft importance to him, fince the ca- nonicalnefs of his confecration, and his legal right to his Bifhopric, depended uppn it. Thus it conti- nued till many months after the depriv'd Archbi- lhop*s death, when notice was given the Bilhop of it by one, who had occafion to know it j and upon inquiry his Lordfhip found it true, and accordingly took advice upon it ; and what the Archbifhop's was is evident from the following letter to the Bifhop y. Lamheth-Houfe, June 28, 1694. " My Lord, "QUPPOSING your Lordfhip by this time ** 1^ to be returned from your vifitation, this, I *' hope, will find you at Salijhury. *' 1 have heard no return from Suffolk concerning " the commifTion, that was withdrawn. Dr. Ox- ** EN DEN tells me, the proper method to difcovcr " the truth of this matter will be, by bill in Chan- " eery, y Communicated by the honourable Mr, Juftice Burn£t. J64 f he Life of JDr. John Tillotson, •* eery, to bring Mr. William Sancroft, cfe *« late Archbilhop's nepliew, and Mr. Wharton,' " and Mr. Tillot, upon their oaths to difcover ** their knowledge ; and if the commifllon cannot " be found, then to have the confecration fuffici- *' ently attefted and regifter*d. To eafe the charge, " I think it fit, that your Lordfhip take in the '* Bifhop of Exeter '^^ whofe tranflation is equally " concern'd. ** I have read a great part of Will. Wotton's *' book, which I think to be very extraordinary, ** both for the learning and judgment hs hath Ihewn *' in it, and for the manly and decent ftyle and ** manner of writing hardly to be parallel'd by any '* thing,i that hath been produc'd in this age by one *' of his years. This, I believe, will not be un- *' welcome to your Lordfhip, who had fo great & *' hand in forming this great young man. *' Mr. Geddes*s book finds a general acceptance " and approbation. I doubt not but he hath more *' of the fame kind, with which I hope he will fa- ** vour the world in due time, *• I pray God to give you health, and to prefervc " you long for the ufe and benefit of his church, ** and for the comfort of, my Lord, *' Your affeflionate friend and brother, " Jo. Cant. *' I leave all matters of news to a friend of yours, " that hath better intelligence ; only I cannot for- " bear to tell you, that my Lady Russel's eye was, *' couch' d yefterday morning with very good fuc- ** cefs, God be praifed for it. His « Sir Jonathan Trelawnev^ who was tranflated from the B:fhopncof^^/^,/to thiic oiEMUr Jj-rit 13th 1689. ArchhipoQp ^Caiiterburyi. '»AT ^^^ t^ His Grace's opinion in this lettc^r for bringing int6 Chancery the afeir of the comtniirion, whicii had been wiclidrawn, w;^s i'olluw'd by the Bifhop oi Sa- lijhuryy who rclblv'd upon having all.perfons con- cerned in it e>{amincd upon oath, and proving the tenor oF the commiiTion. His Lordfhip giving no- tice oi his refolution to Mr. Tillot, the regifter, and tclHng him, that if he did not recover the com- miiTion between that time and Michaelmas term, he would fue him in Chancery, the confequence was, that the commiffion was brought back». Mr. Wotton's book, mentioned in the Arch- bifliop's letter, was the firft edition of his Refie5fions upon antient and modern learnings publifli'd in 1694 in 8vo, and dedicated to the Earl oi Nottingham, whofe Chaplain he was. He had been famous from his childhood for a knowledge of the languages, which few men ever attained to, being capable at five years of age of reading the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew 5 and being fent to Catharine- Hall in Cam- bridge, in the beginning o{ April i6y6, fome months before he was ten years old, took the degree of Ba- chelor ofartsin J^«. 1 6 ^|, at twelve. The winter fol- lowing he was invited to London by Dr. Burnet, then preacher at the Rolls, with whom he continued tor fome timCj and was introduced by him to mofl: of the learned men there. Not long after this he was chofen Fellow of St. John^s College in Cambridge^ and in 16S3 commenc'd Mafter of arts, as he did Bachelor of divinity in 1693. He was prefented in 1691, by Dr. Lloyd, Bifhop of St, /Ifaph, to the Sine-Cure of Llandrlllo in Denbighjhire, vacant by the death of Dr. Henry Maurice ; and in 1693 to the Re6lory of Middleton-Keynes in Buckingham- Jhire by his patron the Earl of Nottingham. He was X collated » Bifhop BuS-NEt's Refleftion; upon a pamphlet, intitiiltd, ^imi Mj.ourfet, /. 22, 23, 24. and Hiilory of hii cwn Uin.c, -66 fhe Life of Dr, John Tillotson,' collated likewife in 1705 to a Prebend of Salijhurjf by the Bilhop, to whom he had dedicated his Htf- tory of Rome^ publiQi'd in 1 70 1 , and by whofe di- redion it had been written, and intended for his Lordfhip's royal pupil the Duke of Gloucejier. In 1707 he was honoured with- the degree of Dodlor of divinity by Arehbifliop Tenison, a title, which he had merited by the many learned writings pub^ liflied by him. He died at Buxted in Sujfex on the 13th of February 1726, at the age of fixty-one, at the houfe of his fon-in-law Mr. William Clarke, How Canon-refidentiary of Chichejler, Mr.GEDDEs's fiirft volume o{ Mifcellaneous tra^s, which, as his Grace obferves, met with a general acceptance and approbation^ deferved it, as well as the fubfequent volumes, on account of the many valuable pieces, which they contain, and which his long refidence abroad enabled him to give the pub- lic. He was born in Scotland, and educated in the univerfity of Edmburghy where he took the degree of Mafter of arts, in which he was incorporated at Oxford on the nth of July 1671^ He went to Ltfbon in 1 67 8 as Chaplain to the Englifh faflory ;■ the exercife of which fundion giving offence to the inquifition, he was fent for by that court in 1686, and forbid to continue it. The merchants relenting this violation of their privilege, wrote immediately on the 7th of September that year to the Bifliop of London, reprefenting the cafe, and their own right to a Chaplain ; but before their letter reach'd his Lordfliip, he was fufpended by the ecclefiaftical commifiion. They were deprived therefore of all exercife of their religion till the arrival of Mr. Scarborough the Englifh envoy, under whofe cha- rafter as a public minilter they were obliged to fliel- ter themfelves. Mr. Geddes finding things in this fituation, thought proper to return to England in May *Wqod Fafli Oxen. W. 11. col. liy. Archbijljop c/' Canterbury. 307 May 1688 ; where he took the degree of Dodor of laws; and after the promotion of Dr. Burnet to the Bifhopric of Salijhury, was made by him Chan- cellor of his Church. The good of the church, and the reformation of all abules among the Clergy, were the conftant ob- jects of the Archbifhop's thoughts ; and among o- ther refolutions and projects for thofe purpofes, which he intimated to Mr. Wharton in a private conference with him on the 12th of July 1692, one was, for obliging the Clergy to a more ftridt ,ob- fervance of refidence on their cures «. Pie called likewife not many months before his death an aflem- bly of the Bifhops at his palace at Lambeth, where they agreed upon feveral important regulations ; which were at firft defign'd to be inforced by their own authority, but upon a more mature confidera- tion afterwards he thought it better, that they fbould appear under that of their Majefties, in the form of royal injun6lions. He wrote therefore the following letter to the Biihop of Salijhury^ : Lamheth'Houfe^ Auguji 31, 1694.' " My Lord, *' 1" T A V I N G now an occafion of writing, I *' JTj. fliall, notwithftanding the protcftation in *' your laft letter, fay fomething in anfwcr to it. " My Lord Marquis of -Normanhy having made *' Mr. Waseley * his Chaplain, fent Colonel Fitz- X 2 " Gerald ^ M. S. Colleflioiis of Mr. Wharton, in the library at Lambeth. ^ Communicated by the honourable Mr. Jullice Eurnet. * The name is thus fpelt by the Archbifhop ; but the perfon was probably Mr. Samuel Wesley, or We.stlev, who is known to have been Chaplain to the Marquis of Nor marly, af- terwards Duke of Buckinghamjhire. His Grandfather had boen Minifter 3o8 I'he Life of Dr. John Tillgtsoi^, " Gerald to propofe him for a Bifliopric in Ire* *' land, wherewith I acquainted her Majefty, v;ho, *' according to her true judgment, did by no means *« think it fit. Their Majefties have made Dr. Fo- *' LEY' Bifhop ofD(?'^«, andDeanPuLLEYN^^Bifhop " of Cloyne. " I have had many thoughts about the refult of *' the meeting at Lambeth, and for many reafons •• think it not fafe by our own authority or agree- ^' ment among ourfelves, to endeavour a redrefs of ** abufes in the particulars propofed ; nor can I " think it will be effectual to its end. And there- " fore I have pitch'd upon the other way your " Lordfhip fuggefled to me, by a letter from their " Majefties, Mlnifter of Char mouth In tiorfetjhire tefofe the Reftoration, and his Father Mr. John Westley liv'd at Whitchurch., \n that County. He was inftrudted in Grammar Learning in the Free School at Dorchejier, an«l then educated in a private academy a- mong the Difl'enters, whom he foon abandoned, and enter'd him- felfa Servitor oi Exeter College in OjtyOr^ about the beginning of Michaelmas Term 1684 at the age of eighteen [Wood Athen. Oxon. Vol. II. Col. 963.] and the year following pub- lilh'd at London in 8vo Maggots, or Poems on federal fuhjeBs ne- •uer before handled. After taking the Degree of Bachelor of Arts June 19th, 16S8 he enter'd into Holy Orders, and be-, came Redor of South-Ormcjby in Lincoln/hire, where he wrote tn heroic poem, intitled the Life of Chrifl, printed at London, 1 693, in fol. and dedicated to the Queen. He afterwards obtained the Redlory of Epttjorth in Leicefierjhire. Befides his Letter con- cerning the Education of the DiJ) enters in their pri'vate Academiesy printed in 1703, and his Defence of it, he had ptiblifh'd before ^he pious Communicant at London in 1 700 in 1 2""°. His great work, intitled, Differt at tones ^ ConjeSiuret in Librum J obi, in fol. was not publilh'd till February 173I, after his dtiath, v/hich happened in A/r^y, 1735. * Dr. Samuel Foley, born ztClonmel inTipperary, z^No'v. 1655, Fellow of Trinity College in Dublin in 1677, D. D. in 1691, and confecrated Bifhop oi Down in Sept. 1694, in tlie room of Dr. Thomas Hack-ET depriv'd. He died May 22. 1695. ^ Dr. Tobias Pulleyn of Trinity College Dublin, Dean of Fcrnes, was confecrated Bifhop of Cloyne Ncvember 12, 1694. and traiiflated to Dromore in May 1 65^5. He died in 1 7 1 3. Archbifiop ^Canterbury. 309 Majtfties, requiring me and the Archbifliop of l^ork to communicate their Majefbies pleafure to our fuffragan Bifliops by way of injunflions from their Majeflics. To this end I have taken for my ground the paper your Lordfhip left with me, making, as well as I could, fome fmall altera- tions and needful additions, of which I have fent you a copy, as alfo a brief and rude draught of the injunLtions ; together with a copy of fome or- ders, dcfigned by my predecelTor, concerning or- dinations, and fome obfervations of Bifliop Fell thereupon, that your Lordfhip may mark what you think moft material to be taken out of them. And if your Lordfhip approve of the method pro- poled, I intreat you to give me your free thoughts upon every article in the injunctions, and what you would have added or altered either in them or their Majeflies letter. " Your Lordfliip by Bifhop Fell's obfervations will perceive, that he doubted, whether it might be fafe to meet and confult about fuch matters, and by our own authority to make any orders or agreement befides the law in any tittle, though never fo fit. But I had alfo another reafon, which moved me herein, that their Majeflies concern- ment for religion and the church might appear to the nation. ** i do not ufe to write fo long a letter, and there- fore hope to be theeafilier pardon'd. My humble fervice to your good lady, and to my worthy friend Mr. Secretary. I feel his abfence, being almoft ready to be ftarved for v/ant of news. My two boys?, I thank God, are got fafe and very eafily over the fmall-pox. I have been fix weeks in the country for my wife's health, and am but newly returned. I pray God to have you in X 3 ^' his 5 Hi* grandfons. '310 ^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, '* his proteftion, and to fend us a happy meeting, *' I am, with great affedion and refped, . f' My Lord, ^' Your Lordfhip's very faithful *' friend and brother, «' Jo. Cant." He wrote another letter to the fame purpofe a few days after to Dr. Stillingfleet, Bifhop of ^or- cejler^^ in which he inclofed a draught of their Ma- jefties letter, and of the injuncftions defign'd, intreat- ing the Bifhop to give him his free thoughts upon them, and to fuggeft what he would have either al- ter'd or added in either of them. He obferved like- wife in this, as well as in the preceding letter, that one of his views in the method now propofed by him was, that their Majefties care and concernment for our religion might more manifcftly appear to the general fatisfadlion of the nation •, adding, that he had acquainted the Queen with the fcheme, and ihewn her the draught of the letter, which, fhe was pleafcrd to fay, flie thought would do very well. A few days after his Grace wrote another letter upon this affair to the Bifhop of Salijbiiry. ^ Lamhsth-Houfey September 10. 1694. My Lord, *< r I ^ w £ letter, which I lately received from your ** A Lordfhip, I have imparted to her Majefly j ^* ^yho is as defirous as yourfelf can be to have this " matter *> Communicated to me by the Right Reverend Isaac Lord Bifhop oiWorcefter^ from the collciflion of Bifhop Stilling- kleet's pnpers, in the pqfTellion of his grandfon the Rev. Mr, Edward Sti lmnofle et, Reftor of Hartlebuxy in iVorctj- tcrjhire, and Canon of W^'rcrjier, f Communicated by the honourable Mr. Juf^ice Burnet. 'ArchbiJl:op of Canterbury. 3 1 1 ^' matter difpatch'd, but cannot think it fit to put *' forth any thuig of this nature v;ithout firft advifing ** with the King, and having his confent and con- ** currence thereto, efpecially at this time, when his ** return hither within a little while may fo probably •' be expelled. Hereupon I moved it might be fent *' to him by the firft opportunity -, but her Ma- " jefty thought, that he would put it off to his com- *' ing ; or if he fhould immediately fend over his *' confent, yet his coming being probably fo near, *' it might be liable to fome odd conftrudion, as if *' the King did not much care to appear in it, and ••' therefore it was purpofely contriv'd to be done " in his abfence. Your Lordfhip fees, how her Ma- ^' jefty's great wifdom looks on every fide of a *' thing-, and therefore upon the whole matter the " biifinefs mufl reft till the King's return : And I *' fee no great inconvenience in it, fince, according '' to the method now pitch'd upon, the reafon of " delaying to the King's coming will be vifiblc to *^ every body. " The alteration of the claufe of encouragement '' to the Clergy, is, I think, much for the better ; " and, which is more, fo doth the Queen ; who *' alfo approves of the article concerning familyr •*' devotion. " I intreat you to give my humble fervice to *' your good Lady, and to Mr. Secretary, and to *' believe, that I am, " My Lord, " Your Lordlhip's faithful friend ^' and moft affedionate brother, " Jo. Cant.'* The execution of this important bufinefs of the royal injunftions being dclay'd till the King's return on the 9th of Novembrr, a total ftop was put to X 4 them 312 ne Life of Dr. John Tjllotson, them by the death of the Archbifhop not many days after, and that of the Queen the month following, whofe endeavours were united with his upon ^U fuch occafions ; her Majeify, to whom the King wholly left the matters of the church, confuking chiefly with his Grace, whom flie favoured and fupported in a moft particular manner. And flie faw what need there was of it, for a party was foon form'd againft him, who fet themfelves to cenfure every thing which he did. And it was a melancholy con- fideration, that tho' no Archbifhop before him had ever applied himfelf more intirely, without partiality or bias, to all the concerns of the church and religion, and the Queen's heart was fet on promoting them, yet fuch an evil fpirit fliould feem to be let loofe upon the Clergy. They complain'd of every thing that was done, if it was not in their own way ^ and the Archbifhop bore the blame of all. And as hq did not enter into any clofe correfpondence, or the concerting meafures, with the miniftry, but livecl much abftradled from them ; they likewife endea- voured to deprefs him all they could. This made a confiderable imprelTion upon him, and he grew very uneafy in his great poll". The malice and party-rage, of v/hich he had felt the effeds before he was rais'dtothe Archbifhopric, broke out v.'ith full force upon his advancement, in all the forms of infult. One inftance of which, not" commonly known, ' deferves to be mention'd here. Soon after his promotion, while a Gentleman was ■^/ith him, who came to pay his compliments upon It, a packet was brought in feal'd and directed to his Grace : vipon opening; of which there appear'd a roafk inclos'd, but nothing written. The Arch- bifhop without any figns of emotion threw it care- lefi-ly among his papers on the table -, and on the Gentleman's exprefllng great "furprife and indignation ' '■ ' ' at J Burnet's hiilory of his own tiir.e, W. II. /."nr* nS^ ArchbiJIjop o/'Cantcrbury. 3 1 3 at the affront, his Griice only fmiled, and faid, that this was a gentle rebuke, if compared with fome others that lay there in black and white, pointing to the papers on the table'. Nor could the feries of ill treatment, which he re- ceived, ever provoke him to a temper of revenge ; being far from indulging hiqifelf in any of thofe li- berties in fpeaking of others, which were to fo im- mcafurable a degree made ufe ot againft himfcll" '". And upon a bundle of libels found ampng his papers after his death, he put no other infcription than this, Tbefe are libels^ I pray God forgive thd authors^ I do,"' The calumnies fpread againft him, tho' the falfeft, v;hich mahce could invent, joined with the envy that accompanies a high llation, had indeed a greater operation than could have been imagined, confidering how long he had liv'd on a public fcene, and how well he was known. It feemed a new and unufual thing, that a man, who in the courfe of above thirty years had done fo much good, and io many fer vices to io many perfons, without ever once doing an ill office, or a hard thing to any one, and v/ho had a fweet- nefs and gentlenefs in him, that fcem'd rather to lean to an excels, fhould yet meet with fo much unkindnefs and injuftice. But he bore all this with a fubmiffion to the will of God i nor had it any ef- fe6l on him, to change either his temper or max- ims, tho' perhaps it 'night fink too much into hini y/ith relation to his health. He was fo exactly true in all the reprefentations of things or perfons, which he laid before their Majefties, that he neither rais*d th? 'Letter of the Pvcv"* Mr. Archdc-con Sh rp of November 7, 1--1. who was inform'd of thi<; fact by Dr. Green-, Vicar of St. Martin s, and afterwards Eifhop ot'f.y. "> Burnet's refleflions, p. 89, 90. ° Dean Shtr- tocji's ferjnon at ths Temp/r, Vccembtr 30, 1694. 314 ^/-'^ Life of Dr, John Tillotson, the charail^r of his friends, nor funk that of thofe, who deferv'd not fo well of him, but offer'd every thing to them with that fincerity, which fo well be- came him. His truth and candour were percepti- ble in almoft every thing which he faid or did ; his looks and whole manner feeming to take away all fufpicion concerning him. For he thought nothing in this world was worth much art or great manage- ment"". He concurred with the Qiieen in engaging the Bifhop of Salijhury taundertake his Expo/ition of the thirty nine articles of /^» church of England, which that indefatigable Prelate performed in lefs than the compafs of a year, and then fent the manufcript of his excellent work, which was not publifh'd till 1699, to the Archbifhop, who having revis'd and alter'd it in feveral places, returned it with his judg-? ment upon it in the following letter ^ ; Lamheth-Houfe^ OHoher 23d 1694. «' My Lord, ** T Have with great pleafure and fatisfacflion read " X ^^^^ the great volume you fent me, and am *' aitonifhed to fee fo vafl a work begun and finifh- '* ed in fo (liort a time. In the article of the Tri- " nity you have faid all, that I think can be faid. " upon fo obfcure and difficult an argument. The *' Socinians have juft now publifhed an anfwer to us all i but I have not had a fight of it. The nega- tive articles againft the church of Rome you have very fully explained, and with great learning and " judgment. Concerning thefe you v/ill meet with " no oppofition amongft ourfelves. The greateft *' danger * Bornft's funeral fermon, /, 26, 27. P Life of Bifhop Burnet, at the end of the 2d volume of his Hiftory of his own time, p. 7 89. i« C( 'ArchbiJJ)Op of Canterbury. 3 1 ^ *' danger was to be apprehended from the points in ** difference between the Cahinijls and Remonjirants^ *' in which you have fhewn not only great i"kill *' and moderation, but great prudence in contenting " yourfelf to reprefent both fides impartially, *' without any pofitive declaration of your own *' judgment. The account given of Athanasi- ** us*s creed fcems to me no-wife fatisfaclory. I *' wifli we were well rid of it. I pray God long f* to preferve your Lordfliip to do more fuch fer- " vices to the church. I am. My Lord, *' Yours moft affedionately, " Jo. Cant." He did not long furvive the writing of this letter, for on Sunday the i8th of November i6g^, he was feiz'd with a fudden illnefs, while he was at the chapel in Whitehall. But though his countenance fhew'd, that he v/as indispos'd, he thought it not decent to interrupt the fervice. The fit came indeed flowly on, but it feem*d to be fatal, and foon turn'd to a dead palfy. The oppreflion of his diftemper was fo great, that it became very uneafy for him to fpeak ; but it appeared, that his underltanding was ftill clear, tho' others could not have the advantage of it ^ He continued ferene and calm, and in broken words faid, that he thank'd God, he was quiet within, and had nothing then to do, but to wait the will of heaven ^ He was attended the two laft nights of his illnefs by his friend Mr. Nelson, in whofe arnis he expir'd on the fifth day of it, Thiirfda)\ Novem- ber 23d, at five in the ^fternooi) % ip the fixty-fifth* year of his age. The ^ Bur net's funeral fermon, p. 33. ^ Burnet, Hillory of his own time, . wj, 126. zdEJif. Ljndou, 17-7, Svo. Archhifcop cf Ciintertury. 319 ** wliich we now call a Conventicle, and who was *' of the lame principles with thole trumpeters of '* fedition, who had led them into the great rebel- *' lion againft Charles I." Mr. HicGONs'sbook, which was lirft publifh'd m Noverfihcr 1724, was animadverted upon in two papers in the London Jour- nal of the 30th of Jmiuary and 6th oi February fol- iowing, fign'd Britajmicus, who in particular de- fends the Archbifhop from the grofs abufes juft men- tion'd i elpecially the charge of interpolating the College grace, which that writer fuppofes to have been implicitly taken from an old libel of Dr. Hickes, fully anfwer'd by Bp. Burnet in 1696 without any reply. Mr. Higgons, in the Pojlfcript to the fccond edition of his Remarks s rejoin'd, that he had that account at Ca?n bridge above eight or nine years be- fore Dr. HicKEs's book appeared ; it being told him ina vifit which he happen'd to make in the fame chambers, or at leaft in the fame place with thofe» where the Archbilhop had refided, when he was of Clare-Hell : That the tradition was univerfal, and pafs'd uncontradi(5led in the Univerfity, at which time there were feveral perfons old enough to have remember'd this incident, and who wanted not in- clination to have done juftice to Dr. Tillotson, by difproving this flander, if there had been any room to have contradi(5ted the fafl : That as he never thought fit to juftify himfelf againft this alTertion, during his own life, by any folemn and public denial of the fact, it was to be prefum'd, that he had too much confcience to tell a pofitive untruth, and too much candour to difown an indifcretion of his younger years, of which, it is pollible, that he might have been afhamed and repented. That what Bidiop Burnet faid in his juftification two years after his death, will bear very little weight with all ' P- 313. 3H- 320 'the Life ofT)r. John Till^tson, all who knew him. That the argument, that Dri HiCKES never thought fit to rejoin and anfwcr the Bifhop, will fall to the ground, when we confider the cii'cumftances of the times, in which Dr. Hickes wrote, who had averr'd the ftory in writing, and could not bring any further teftimony but the per- fonal evidence of thofe who knew this matter, and who mull be fuppofed too cautious to expofe them- felves by appearing in fuch a caufe, where the cur- rent of the times was wholly againft them, efpeci- ally if they expetfted any preferment in that Go- vernment. That all the proofs brought by Bifhop Burnet are the tcilimonies of fome perfons, who lived at that time, and pretend not to have heard this {lory. That this is at befl but a negative argu- ment, and will be very unconclufive, as to the proof or difproof in matter of fact ; and that for thofe gentlemen to pretend, that they did not re- member the ftory fo many years after, was a very eafy compHment to the memory of the Archbilliop. That it is what good-natur'd men, on the like oc- cafion, without any breach of morality, do every day, through tcndernefs of hurting the reputation of another ; but that if the fame perfons had been examin'd in a court of juftice on this head, it is. highly probable, that the awe and folemnity of an oath might have awaken'd and refrefh*d their me-* mories. But thefe exceptions cannot in the leaft af-- fed: theteftimonics, produc'd in the beginning of this Life, of thofe of the Archbilhop*s own college, who could not but have known the fafl, if true, and whofe veracity is above fufpicion. Nor can any re- gard be paid to the authority of fo prejudiced and pafTionate a writer as Mr. PIiggons, ^vhofezeal a- gainll the Revolution Government led him into the mod indefenfible meafures of overturning it, and engag'd him with the plotters for the afli\flination of 3 -^^"§ ArchbiJJjop c/' Canterbury. 321 King William in February 16^^^^ and who is re- ported to have dieci in the Romifli Communion. But whatever attempts have been or may be made upon the memory of Archbifliop Tillotsom, his ciiara6ler may be truted to poftcrity upon the Fa6ls related of him from indifputable autliority, and the teftimony of his own writings both private and public. His life was indeed not only free from blemiflics, but exemplary in all parts of it. In his domeftic relations, friendfhips, and the whole commerce of bufmefs, it was ealy and humble, frank and open, tender-hearted and bountiful' to fuch an extent, that, while he was in a private ftation, he laid afide two tenths of his income for charitable ufes**. He de- fpis*d wealth, but as it furniih'd him for charity, in which he was judicious as well as liberal '. And tho' he had enjoy'd confiderable preferments many years before he was rais*d to the Archbilhopric, and fill'd that poft above three years and a half, yet he did not improve his fortune from two fuccef- five Deanries, or from that See, out of which his predecelTor Sancroft had rais'd an eftate^. An inftance of his moderation in this refped;, v^^hile he was Dean of St. Paul's, has been communicated td me by his worthy fucceffor in that dignity, Tho- mas Lord Bifhop of Oxford. The only leafe, which he executed feparately, as Dean of that Cathedral, was one of a fmall tenement in Creed-lane, on the 9th of February 1690.. And though two others, each of a few acres of ground near London, were adually drawn and enter'd in the regifter-book, yet he left them unexecuted, becaufe he was foon to be preferr'd to the Archbilhopric. A •> He was one of the Confpirators nam'd in the Proclamatioa of February 23d, 169I. "= Funeral fermon, p. 28. ^ Le Neve, /. 234. * Funeral fermon, />. 29. ^ Burnet, 'vol. 11. p. 13$. y ^22 The Life of Dr. John TillotsoI'?, A decent but grave chearfulnefs made his con- verfation as lively and agreeable, as it was ulefui and inftru6ting. He was ever in good humourj always the lame, both acceiTible and affable. He heard every thing patiently, and was not apt either-'' to miftake or to lufpe(5t ; his own great candour difpofing him to put the bell conftruftion, and to judge the moft favourably of all perlbnsand things. He was never imperious or afllim.ing ; and tho' he had a fuperior judgment to moft men, yet he never diftated to others. And as no man had obferved human nature more carefully, or could judge better, fo none made larger allowances for the fiailties of mankind, than he did ^ The vivacity of his wit is evident under the re- ftraints, which his difcourfes from the pulpit ex- a6ted from him, and thofe, which he impos'd upon himfelf in his few controverfial writings ; and Sir Richard Steele, an indifputable judge in that kind, ufed to fay, that he had a much greater fiiare of it, than moft of thofe, whofc charafler was de- nominated from it. But his temper and principlvfs would not fuffer him to exercife it in fatire, or even in felf-defence ; fo that few repartees of his are deli- ver'd down. Among thefe was one in return to . Sir John Trevor, who was made Mafter of the rolls by King James, with whom he was in high favour, and expell'd for bribery by the houfe of Commons, while he was Speaker of it. This gen- . tleman, who, with a very obnoxious charaiSler, af- fe<5kd very high principles in church and ftate, paf- fing by the Archbiftiop in the houfe of Lx)rds foon after his promotion, laid in a tone loud enougli to be heard by his Grace, " I hate a fanatic in lawn " Qeeves ;'* to which the Archbiftiop anfwered in a lower voice, " And I hate a knave in any fteeves.'* This ftory is related likewife, with thcdiftcrcncc of * Funeral feimon, /. 28. fonif Archbijlop of Canterbury. 323 fome circumftances, that Sir John Trevor's words were carried to his Grace by Dr. Manningham, then Chaplain at ihe Rolls, and afterwards Bi- fhop of Chicbejler, upon Sir John's bidding him deliver them to the Archbifliop, whom the Dodlor was going to vifit, though without any imagination, that the Dodor would be the bearer of fuch a meflage j to which he was too faithful, and even brought back his Grace's reply to the Ma- fter of the Rolls. Another inftance of this talent was upon occafion of Dr. South 's Animadz'erftons on Dr. She R log k's Vindication of the Trinity in 169:?. Dr. South being defirous to know the Archbifhop's opinion of his performance, wherein he had occa- fionally reflecfled upon him for his Jignal and peculiar encomium^ as he calls it % of the reafoning abilities of the Socinians, procured a friend of his to draw it from his grace, who gave it to this effect, that the Dodor wrote like a man, but bit like a dog. This being reported to the Doflor, he anfwer'd, " that *' he had rather bite like a dog, than fawn like one.'* To which the Archbifliop replied, *' that for his " own part, he fhould chufe to be a fpaniel rather " than a cur.^* He hved in a due negleft of his perfon, and con- tempt of pleafure, but never affefled pompous fe- verities ^ In his fun6tion, he was not only a conftant preacher, but likewife diligent in all the other parts of his duty ; for though he had no cure of Ibuls, yet few, who had, laboured fo painfully as he did, in vificing the fick, in comforting the afflidled, and in fettling fuch, as were either wavering in their opinions, or troubled in mind '. His affability and candour, as well as abilities in his profelTion, made him frequently confuited in points relating both to practice and opinion. Among his letters upon thefe occafions I have met with the Y 2 follow- ''- P. 358. ^ Funeral fermon, />. 29. * Ibid. p. 28, 29.. 524 ^^J^ J^if^ of Dr. John TiLlotson^ following, in anfwer to two queftions concerning the Alienation of Tythes, propofed to him by a gentleman of Glocejierpire. April 27. 1689. " Honour'd Sir, *' 'T^O the two queftions proposM by you, I " A anfwer : To the firft concerning the Jus " Divinum of the particular way ot maintenance oi " minifters now under the Gofpel by Tythes, I do " not fee any argument either in Bifliop Andrewi *, *.' or Dr. Comber i", that comes up to the proof *' of it. That, which is called Biihop UJJjer^s, Body *' of Divinity §, was written by him in his younger *' years, and unfkilfully compiled by fome other *' hand. " The fecond queftion hath no necefiary depen- " dance upon the firft. For whether Tythes be *' jure divino, or not, yet fuppofing an honourable " maintenance in general of the minifters of the " Gofpel to be of divine right, which, I think, is " allowed by all, that own a Gofpel miniftry, the " alienating of any m.aintenance given by private '* perfons, or fettled by law to that purpofe, except " in cafe of evident neceflity for the prefervation of " the public, and without compenfation made for '' it, is as much fucrilege, as the alienation of tythes, " fuppofing that they were of divine right and " appointment. In cafe of public neceffity, even " the veffeis, that were confecrated to the ufe of the " temple, * On the ten Commandments, Comm. 4. Ch. it. Eid- /"• ^'sb'. ^26 The Life of Dr. John Til lot son. He had a great compafs in learning. What he knew, he had fo perfectly digefted, that he was truly mafter of it. But the largenefs of his genius, and the corrednefs of his judgment, carried him much farther, than the leifure, that he had enjoy'd for ftudy, feemed to enable him to go ; for he could proceed great lengths upon general hints '. He always endeavoured to maintain the Chriftian doftrine in its original purity. Even in his younger years, when he had a great livelinefs of thought and extent of imagination, he avoided the difturbing the peace of the church with particular opinions, or an angry oppofition about more indifferent or doubt- ful matters. He lived indeed in great friendfhip with men, who differed from him. He thought, that the fureft way to bring them off from their ' miflakes, was by gaining upon their hearts and af- fections. And in an age of fuch remarkable diffo- lutenefs, as that in which he liv'd, he judged, that the beft method to put a flop to the growing im- piety, v.'as firft to eftablifh the principles of natural religion, and from that to advance to the proof of Chriftianity and of the Scriptures, which being once folidly done would foon fettle all other things. He was therefore in great doubt, whether the fureft means to perfuade the world to the belief of the fu- blime truths, that are contained in the Scriptures, concerning God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghoft, and concerning the perfon of Chriff, was to enter much into the difcuffing of thofe n"jy- fteries. He fear'd, that an indifcreet iniifting and defcanting upon thofe points might do more hurt than good ; and thought, that the maintaining thole Gofthnes, as they are propofed in the Scriptures, without entering too much into explanations or con- troverfies, would be the moft cffcdual way to pre- serve the reverence, that was due to them, and to [ Funeral fcrmon, />. zg. ^ Archhifl.'Op of Canterbury. 327 fix them In mens belief. But when he was defireJ by Ibme, and provoked by others, and faw juft oc- cafions moving him to it, he aflerted thofe great myfleries with that llrength and clearncfs, which was his pccuUar talent. He thought, that the lefs mens confcicnccs were entangled, and the lefs the communion of the church was clogg'd with difputable opinions or prafliccs, the world would be the happier, con- fciences the freer, and the church the quieter. The Scriptures were the rule of his fairh, and the chief fubjc(5b of all his meditations. He judg'd, that the great defign of Chriltianity was the reform- ing mens natures, and governing their a6lions, the rel^raining their appetites and pafiions, the foften- ing their tempers, and fweetening their humours, and the raifing their minds above the interefts and lollies of this prefent world to the hope and purfuit of endlefs bleffednefs -, and he confidered the whole Chriftian do(5lrine as a fyftem of principles all tend- ing to this. He look'd on mens contending about lelfer matters, or about fubtilties relating to thofe that are greater, as one of the chief practices of the powers of darknefs to defeat the true ends, for which the Son of God came into the world -, and that they led men into much dry and angry work, who, while they were hot in the making parties, and fettling opinions, became fo much the flacker in thofe great duties, vhich were chiefly defign'd by the Chriftian dodlrine''. The moderation both of his temper and princi- ples very early occafioned him, as well as Mr. CiULLiNGWORTH , and others of the beft and greateft men of their times, to be ranlc'd among thofe Divines, who were ftigmatifcd with the name of Latitudinarians by perJbns of very oppofite cha- racters. In vindication of them from the ufual re- Y 4 proaches ^ Ibid- /. 29 — 32, 528 The Life of Dr, John Tillotson, proaches annexed to that title, an anonymous author had publifhed at London in 4to, as early as June 1662 A brief account of the new fet of Latitude' "ynen ; together with fome refletiio'ns upon the new phi- lofophy. By S.'P. of Cambridge, in anfwer to a let- ter from -his friend at Oxford. And he was feconded by the pious and rational Mr. Edward Fowler, then Redlor of Northill in Bedfordfhire, and after- wards Bifhop oiGlocefler^ in his firft work in 1 670 ', intitled, "The principles and practices of certain mode- rate Divines of the church <' can a6t contrary to the perfuafion of his mind, " without violence to his confcience, which i« the " immediate guide and director of our aclions -, yet *' if our confcience bemifled, either by alieady and *' rafh zeal, or fome unreafonable prejudice, or for •' want of calm and impartial confideration of the " reafons on both fides, or of a due regard in *' doubtful matters to the judgment of thofe 21-iides, " whom God hath fet over us, and who are likely to *' judge better of thefe things than we can j or from •' a negleft of any other means of rightly inform- *' ing our confciences ; in all thefe, and the like " cafes, the miftake of our confcience doth not fo *' juftify our actions, but that the party, that fol- lowed his confcience, may be very culpable, and guilty before God of a great fin. St. Paul reckons himfelf among the greateft of fmners, for what he did according to his confcience, and the firm perfuafion of his own mind, in perfe- cuting the church of God •, for he tflls us, that he verily thought, he ought to do all thofe tilings, which he did againft the name of Jesus of Na- '^ zareth. I do not parallel the cafes; but this " principle holds in proportion in Icifer matters, *• that one may be faulty, and yet ace according to *^ hi£ confcience i which ought to make us very carv.*! ui, 330 7'he Life of Dr. JoKN TiLLOTso^^ ** careful, to have our confciences rightly informM «' concerning what is our duty or our fin. " As to the particular cafe concerning the gefture " of receiving the facrament, give me leave to ufe " that neceffary freedom, as to tell you, that I do *' not think your confcience is truly inform'd, ei- ** ther concerning the nature of the thing, or the " confequences of it. If the gefture be indif- '* ferent, as I think it is, and as it was thought *' to be by the whole chriftian church, for aught I " can find, either by their writings or pra6lice, for *« many ages, which is a very ftrong prefumption " of the indifferency of it •, then can there be no «' well grounded perfuafion of the unlawfulnefs of *' any gefture, that is in ufe in the church, where '' we live •, efpecially if it be enjoined by authority. *' If it be alleaged, that the gefture, in which our *' Saviour celebrated it, is neceflary to be followed « by us •, the reafon muft be, either becaufe we are ** pundtually to obferve and keep to all the circum- *' ftances, us'd by our Saviour, in the firft inftitut *' tion of this facrament ; and then it will be necef- '* fary, for aught I can fee, to receive it in the very *' gefture us'd by our Saviour, after fupper, in an *' upper room, not above the number of twelve be- *' fides him that adminifters, and only men, and " not women, For if the bare example of our *' Saviour make it neceflary to us to do the like, *' then every circumftance obferv'd by him will be- " come equally neceiTary to us. But this, 1 think, " is nobody's opinion, and therefore our Saviour's " bare example is of no force in this matter. Or *' elfe, the reafon muft be, becaufe the gefture, •' us'd by our Saviour, is in its own nature fo pro- *•• per and fuitableto the facrament, as may feem to " make it necefl^iry j and this is that, which, I *' think, you infift upon. Eut we muft take heed *' of eoncluding, that God hath commanded or 2 *^ for^ ArchbiJJ:op o/' Canterbury. 331 " forbidden a thing, becaufe we think it very luit- " able, or unfuitable. By this argument indeed *' the Papifts endeavour to prove an infallible judge *• of controverfies, and a great many other things -, *' but 'tis a very llippcry and uncertain argument. " And to make the whole adtion of the facrament, *' with all the circumftancts of it, to be obligatory co " us, not only the adminiftration of the facrament " in the elements of bread and wine muft be ex- *' prefsly commanded, but every circumn:ancelike- *' wife muft be exprefsly enjoined. Otherwifc the *' argument from an imaginable fuitablenefs will be " of no manner of force ; tor many things may " be fuitable enough, which are by no means ne- *' ceffary. Befides that I cannot fee, but that this *' way of arguing is rather of greater force as to the *' receiving it after fupper, fince this is exprefsly *' mentioned by St. Paul, i Cor. xi. where he pro- ^' fefTeth to declare theinftitution juft as he receiv'd *' it, but fays not a word of the gefture. And, " Aois XX. we find, that the Difciples met toge- ^' ther in the evening to break bread, and in an *' upper chamber ; fo that it feems they did ob- " ferve the circumftances both cf time and place, " in which our Saviour celebrated it. And the cir- " cumftance of time was fo cunftantly obferv'd by " the Apoftles, as to give this facrament the name " of the Lord's Supper, (i Cor. xi. 20.) which " hath ever fince continued in the chriftian church, " though the time hath been altered from evening ^' to morning. And now if fuitablenefs or unfuit- " ablencfs be fuch a mighty argument, it feems to ■" me every whit as unfuitable to celebrate a fupper <^' in the morning, as to communicate at a feaft in ^' any other than the common table-gcllure. ** But then the conlcquence ot the thing is much ^' worfe ; becaufe you muft either, during this err ij roneous perfuafioi) (as 1 think) of your mind, ^^ not 33? ^^^^ Life of Dr. John Tillotson, " not receive the facrament at all, which is to ne- *« gled a great and plain inftitution of the chriftian " religion ; or you muft break the peace, and fe- *' parate from the communion of the church, upon " luch a reafon, as will produce feparation without *' end : for if every little doubt and fcruple be ^' ground fufficient to warrant a feparation, the *' peace and unity of the church will be perpetually " in danger. I have been credibly Inform'd, that " in the late times there was an Anabaptift church " in London, that in a fhort fpace fubdivided into " thirty feveral churches, upon different opinions *' about the circumftances of adminiflring the two *' facraments-, and every party fo ftiffly infilled *' upon that circumftance, which they thought ne- *' ceiTary, that they could not in confcience com- '^ municate with one another. ' " And now. Madam, upon the whole matter 1 *' befeech you feriouQy to confider thefe few things : *' iji. That one may fin greatly in following the '* perfuafion of an erring confcience. 2dly, That *' it is only in things, wherein we are perfeclly at *' liberty, that a doubting confcience binds us from " acting contrary to it ; which is the cafe St. Paul " v;as fpeaking of in the text you cite -, he, that " douhlelh, is damned, if he eat. But where there " is any obligation to the thing (for inflance, the *' command of lawful authority) this ought to over- *' rule the doubt : for in this cafe it is not enough, " that I doubt, whether the thing commanded be ** lawful, but I mull be clearly fatisfied, that it is " unlawful; otherwife I fin in difobeyingrhe com- " mands of lawful authority, o^dly. That it is not " every doubt or fcruple, that binds the confcience, *' but grounded upon fuch reafons, as to prudent " and confiderate pcrfons may minifter great and jufl " caufe of doubt ; for a icruple and fear, that hath *' no probable; reafon to juftify it and bear it out, 3 '-'■_ ought ArchbiJ]:op of Canterbury. 533 " ought to be rejedted ; and upon the advice of *' pious and prudent perfons one may fafely aft *« contrary to fuch a doubting and fcrupulous con- " Icience •, efpecially when the ground of the doubt <' is fuch, as by the generality of Chriftians for «» many ages was never thought to be of any " weight. 4//'/y, That it falls out fomewhat un- " happily, that the doubts and fcruples of well- *' minded people are generally on the wrong fide, *' againft the peace of the church, and obedience to " authority j and that for one, that doubts, whe- " ther they can with a good confcience feparate " from the communion of a church, whofe terms *' are as eafy, as of any chriftian church in the " world, there are hundreds, that upon fo many " different and inconfiftent fcruples make a doubt, *' whether with a good confcience they can continue *' in it. It is worthy our ferious confideration, " whence this fhould proceed, when it is fo very " plain, that there is fcarce any thing more llridly " charg'd upon Chriftians than to endeavour the *« peace and unity of the church. 5//^/)', That if " you be not undoubtedly in the right in this mat- <' ter, you are certainly guilty of a great fin in for- *' faking the communion of our church upon this " account. And lajlly^ That the religion, which " will recommend us to God, doth not confift in " niceties and fcruples ; and that if we would more *« attend to the great end and defign of this facra- " ment, which is to engage us to be really good, *« we Ihould neither have lift nor leifure to contend " about thefe little things ; and but that I believe " you are very fincere in the propofing of this *' doubt, I could not have obtain'd of myfelf to *' fpend fo much time about a matter, which I " think to be of fo little moment. And I am verily " perfuaded, that our bleffed Lord did for this " very reafon make fo few pofitive laws in the " chriftian 554 ^^^^ ^l^^ of Dr, John Tillotson, " chriftian religion, hardly any befides the two fa- *' craments, and did alio leave the circumftances of " thefe free and indifferent, that we might not be *' hindered from minding the weightier duties of re- " ligion by contending about circumftances and *' trifles -, but in all things, as becomes perfons of " humble and peaceable fpirits, might be ready to " comply with the general ui'age and cuftom of the '' church, in which we live, and the rules and in- " jun6lions of thole, who have authority to com- " mand us \ which I am fure is a greater duty, " than many, otherwife very good people, feem to " be fenfible of. I heartily pray God to diredt *' and fatisfy you in this doubt. I am. Madam, " Your molt faithful friend and fervant, " J. Tillotson.** It has indeed been alBrm'd, that he having frankly own'd in a fermon'^, that the Diffenters had fomeplaufibleobjedions againft the common-prayer, and that this occafioning Archbp.SANCROFT to fend for him to reprimand him, he juftified his affertion; and being afk'd what parts of the Common-prayer he meant, he inilanc'd in the burial office ; upon which his Grace confefs'd to him, that he was fo little fatisfied himfelf with that ofiice, that for that very reafon he had never taken a cure of fouls. Mr. Hoad- LY, in his defence of the Reafonablenefs of confor- mity^ jufliy queftion'd the truth of this fcory ; and there is undoubtedly a miftake in one important circumftance of it \ for it appears by an authentic and original certificate, that Archbifliop Sancroft had 3. '' Queries recommended to the authors of the late Difcourfe 0/ free-thinking. By a Chriltian, p. 22, 23. Edit. London 171 3. This excellent piece, publifh'd at firll without the author's n.Tnie, is fmce known to be the performance of the prefen: Lord Bi.^op of Winch cfier. 33 6 The Life of Dr. John Tillotsoi^, Difcoiirfe of f res-thinkings to afk, whether they could ever make reparation for the injury done to the memory of the great and good Archbifliop, by putting him into the fame lift with Epicurus and Mr. HoBBES, againft both whom he has exprefs'd himfelf v/ith fo particular a feverity in Ibme parts of his works, and by thus doing the work of his word and bittereft enemies ? Whether his Grace's example had not better been imitated, than his me- mory thus blackened, and the abufes of religion charged only upon the abufer?, and not upon reli- gion itfelf ? Whether his zeal againft Atheifm and infidehty might not have been mentioned, as well as his zeal againft fpirituai tyranny and antichriftian cruelty ? Whether the injury done by thefe authors to his great name was not already apparent, when a confcientious author had already taken an handle from them to mifreprefent him in the groffeft man- mer, contrary to the whole tenor of that fermon, in which he fpeaks of the mifchiefs of Popifh zeal, and contrary to his exprefs declarations concerning the Chriftian religion, which he in the fame fermon vindicates from the leaft fliadow of guilt upon that account ? The writer of the queries concludes with remarking, that as it was to the purpofe of the au- thors of the Bifcourfe of free-thinking, to rank this good man in fuch a company ; fo it was to the pur- pole of his Popifti and other furious enemies, tliathe, who could not enter into their blind and unchriftian meafures, fliould pafs for an Atheift and an infidel : So mutually do Atheifm and Popery aflift each other ! The difference between his principles and the ri- gid ones of Calvin has ftrongly pfejudic'd the zea- lots for the latter againft his v.'ritings •, and their prejudices have been adopted by fome late pretend- ers to an exalted and fupernatural piety. Dr. John Edwards, the d.tclar'd\'ncmy of Mr. Locke, and the Archhipiop of Canterbury. ^37 the reviver of Cahinifm in the church of England^ Eiter the gradual cxtin6lion ofit there, attacked the Archbilliop's works in \\\s Preacher % intircly omit- ting them in his catalogue of books, which he re- commends to vouns; liudents. However he ac- knowledges', that his Grace " gives a very natural ** dcfcription of the moral virtues, and commends ** and fets them off with a good grace. Ilis ex- ** hortations to, and reafonings about pradical du- '* ties, are very perfuafive and penetrating; for he *'. pertorms this part with fo fmooth and even a " iiyje, and with fo popular an air, that he mar- *' veiloufly infinuarcs into the minds of all hir> ** hearers and readers." But his, refiedtions were anfwer'd by Mr. Robert Lightfcot, B. D. and Redlcr of Odel in Bedfordjhire^ in his Remarks upon fome pajfages in Br. Edwards'j Preacher^ printed in 1709, and in another piece, publifli'd the year loliowing under the title oiDr. RDWARDs'sFindica- iiott confidered. Dr. PIickes" has indeed ventured to hope, that his Grace's pattern of preaching ivaiild fjeither be lotig nor nnich followed ; and reproaches ^ him with having read but few of the Fathers, ■which he thinks would have rendered him a much Jurer guide^ as well as a more learned and found Di- 'vine. But tho* fome few may differ from the general and impartial opinion with regard to his fentiments in the more difputable points, yet his abilities as a writer will meet with little conteft while a true taile fubfifts among us. Mr. Dryden frequently own'd with pleafure, that if he had any talent for EnglifJj profe, which muft be allow'd to have been a great ene, it was owing to his having often read his Grace's writings. * The firfl volume of which was publifh'd in 170:;, the fecond in 170^5, and the third in 1709. ' VoIA. /». 6j. « Some difcouifes ^ . 5 1 . ^ P. 64.. z 338 77j' to be in faQiion, and to have the countenance of " great examples, if thofe, whom we fear, and *' upon whom we depend, do difcover any inclini- '* tion that way^ l£cy And at other times it is us'd by him to avoid the concurrence of found?, that ought never to come together. For as it would have offended his ear to have faid, We wilfully^ he feparates the difagreeable founds, and chules to fav, in his Difcourfe on the facra7nent, " And we do wil- *^ fully negledt, y^." with the fame judgment, and for the fame reafon, as the tranflators of the New- teftament render the words in the x"^ of Luke, ver. II. Even the very dufi of your city ive 60 wipe off {igainfl yoUt not ijije 'U/ipe^ in founds fo ready to run into one another, and that muft be kept afunder by a kind of painful diftindion and paufe of voice. In Z 2 like •f The Rev. Mr. Saxiusl Say, in the firft of liis Efiay?. printed I'.itb bis poemi, LanJov 17^5, in 4C0, f. 114, 11^. 340 I'he Life of Dr, John TillotsokJ like manner, in the fame Difcourfe, tho' we ge- nerally lay in common converfation, make 'em Jty^ Cffr. he chufes to fay, to fly, to meet, and the like. And this is his ufual practice, to introduce as many fweet and eafy founds, as the genius of our tongue will allow, into a language, which by the negli- gence of many writers, feems to abound too much 'm thofe, which are harfli and heavy. Another and flill later writer upon the fame fubjeft § affirms like- wife, that his Grace had a nice ear, and was hap^ in the fweetnefs of his numbers. However, one of our moll elegant writers, whofe verfion of Pliny has fiiewn, what was never befoiie imagined poffible, that tranflations may equal the force and beauty of the originals, has in another work of his mix'd the higheft compliments upon the iVrchbilliop's fentiments with the (Irongeft ex"- ceptions to his ftyle, declaring ^. that he " feems to *' have no fort of notion of rhetorical numbers ; " and that no man had ever lefs pretenfions to ge- " nviinc oratory ; That one cannot but regret, that "^ he, who abounds with fuch noble fentiments, ** ihould want the art of fetting them off with all ** the advantage they deferve ; that the fublime in *' morals fhould not be attended with a fuitable ele- *' vation of language. The truth however is, his ** words are frequently ill chofen, and almoft zl- •* ways ill placed. His periods are both tedious ** and inharmonious, as his metaphors are generally *' mean, and often ridiculous." But this ingenious gentleman, who allows, that there is a noble fimpU- iity in fome of his Grace's fermons, and that his ' excellent Dilcourfc on Sincerity dtferves to be men- tioned itKlh fnrticular afplaufe, will perhaps miti- gate f Mr. John Maso>', in his Efuiy on the power and hannoiiy '•♦ prolaic numbers. .Mdii. London, • 74c), in Svo. p. 49. ^ Letters' on' feveral fiibjec^fs by the late Sir Thomas Fitz OvjBbiiNjj^ Bart. Letter X.\l\'. «. ico . "i zg, E^it. London 1 706 in 8vo. The Author was Dr. Walter Harris, Fellow of the College of Phyficians. ^ Preface to his EcckJiaJIes. ^ P. 4i;. 46. printed at i£?W<7» for C. Ri VI NGTON, bvit with out any mention of tjie year or name of the Author, who was Mr, Samuel Wesley, K^doxof E^vorthln Lincoln/hire, antj ^d4refb'd this letter to his Curate. Anhbijljop ff/* Canterbury. 343 ■fcdlion ; " liad there been, adds that ivriier, as ^^ much Life, as there is of policencls, and gene- " rally ot cool, clear, clofe rcalbning, and con- ** vincing arguments in his fcrmons." The tleath ot the Archbiihop gave occafion to the poets to exercile their talents ; among whom appeared Mr. Nathan Tate, the Laureat, and Mr. Sa- muel Wesley, Authorof an Heroic Poem on the ' Life of Chrijt ; their Elegies being publilh'd foon after that melancholy event. And mofl: of the fer- mons printed on the deceafe of the Queen, took no- tice likewife of that of his Grace. Doflor Bates remarked s that their principles and temper^ their de- ftgns and endeavours -jjcre for peace ; the hopes of cb- taming v/hich were weakened by the fatal conjun6lure cf their funerals. And Dean Swerlock having mention'd her Majsfty's defigns for promoting true religion, and the fcn^ice of the church of England^ obferv'd \ that he had reafoff to fay this from thofe frequent intimations, which he had {rom our late ad- mirable Primate, " who, fays he, had great dcfigns *' himfelf to ferve the Chriftian religion, and the " church of E-ngland in its trueft interefts •, and had " infpircd their Majefties, and particularly the " Queen, v/ho had more leifure for fuch thoughts, " with the fame great and pious defigns." The Dean added, that perhaps no churchman ever had, and, he was fure, not more defervedly, a greater intereft in his Prince's favour •, and the great ufe, which he made of it, was to do public fervice to religion, and, whatever fome might fufpect, to the church of England, though it may not be direftly in their way. *' And the greateft fault, continues the " Dean, I know he had, was, that fome envious " and ambitious men could not bear his greatnefs, «' which he himfelf never courted ; nay, which he Z4 " induftri- « Sermon on the death of Queen Mary, f- 20. ^ Sermon at the Temple, Dec. 30. 1694. f. 16. 544 "^'-^ ^if^' 9f ^^' John TiLLorsoN, ** indulViiouQy avoided. Before this all England *' knev/and owned his Vv'oriii \ and had it been put " to the poll, there had been vaftodds on his fidej^r ' *' that he would have been voted into the See o^o *' Qinlerbury, for no man had ever a clearer and »i *'■ brighter reufon, or more eafy and .happy exprtl-i.-, ''■ fion, nor a more inflexible fearlefs honefty.'* But.? this fermon of the Dean was immediately aftqck'd, 4 by Mr. Jeremy Collier, in a pamphlet,. in^KQtV' intltled, Remarks on fome late fe?-mor,s, in which he^ • treated the charadler and memory ot the Archbilhop«; v.'ith uncommon bitternefsand indecency, and anim?;;!! adverted upon fome paiTages in his Grace's fer-r;^ mens preach'd on public occafions after the Revolu-; • tion. Mr. Collier's pamphlet was anfvver'd by Dr, John Williams in a defence of the Arckhift^ofs [Tenison's] fer',non on the death of her late Majefiy ofbleffed memory^ and of the fermons of the late Arch- biftjop^ &c. printed at London, in 4to: to which Mr.. • Collier replied in a Letter to the Author of the De- : ". fericey prefixed to a fecond Edition of his own Re- marks. Mr. Lgcke*s regret for the lofs of the Archhi- Aiop appear'd from a letter of his to Profeflbr Lim- bos ch, written from London on the iithof£)c?r. following^, in which he fpeaks of it, not only as a confiderable one to himfelf, of a zealous and candid inquirer aft^r truth, whom he confulted freely upon all doubts in theological fubjefls, and of a friend, whofe fmcerity he had experienc'd for many years j but likewifc as very important to the E7jghJ]j nation, and the whole body of the reformed churches. And when he had opcafion the year following to mention his Grace in his Vindication of the reafonahknsfs of Chriftianity^y he ftil'd him that ornament of our church f and every way oninent Prelate. Their ? Familiar Letters, ^. 363. > P. 2^. Edit. 1695. Archbifiop of C^ViltxhMTy . 34f Their Ma']cfties were affcdted with tlie deeped .concern tor his death. The Queen (or many days Ipoke of him in the tenclcrcft manner, and not wiih- cut tears" ; as his own death prevented him from keiing the terrible Ihock, which, if he had lived about live weeks longer, he muft have received frorrj that of her Majcrty, of whofe virtues and accom- plifliments he had the higheft admiration, and to whom the King himfelf gave this teftimony, that he could never lee any thing in her, which he could call a faults His Majelly likewife never mention'd him but with fome teftimony of his lingular efteeni for his memory, and ufed often to dcclaj"c to his Son-in-law Mr. Chadwick, that " he was the " belt man, whom he ever knew, and the belt " friend, whom he ever had." And this fcems thoroughly to confute a common traditional (lory, that his Majylly fliould fay, that he was difappoint- ed in our Archbifiiop and his fuccelTor Tenison in oppofite refpects, having received much lefs fervice from the abilities of the former in bufinefs, than fropi the latter, of whom he had not before conceiv'd fo high an expectation. The Kii:g's regard for the Archbifhop extended to his ^yidovv. For his Grace's charity and genero- fity, with the expence of coming into the See, and the repairs and improvements of his palace, had fo cxhaufted his fortune, that if his firft fruiis had not been torgiven him by the King, his debts could not have been paid : and he left nothing to his family, but the copy of his pofthumous fcrmons, which was afterwards fold for 2500 guineas. His Majefty therefore granted Mrs, Tillotson on the 2d of M^y 1695, an annuity of 400/. during her natu- ral ' BURHET, 'Vol. II. p, 136. ^ Preface of Dr. Edwaf.d Fowler. Bifhop of G/oce/ler, to hit t)ifcourfe of the great difingenuity and unreafonablenefs of re- piiiing at aiflifting providences, /. 22, Ei^it. London i(>9S- ^4^ "^ke Life of Dr. John Tillotsoit, ral life, and an addition to it on the i8th of Aii^ufi 1698 of 2G0 /. a year more ; both which were con- tinued till her dt^ath on the 20th of January 170T. And the King was fo ibllicitous for tlie regular pay- mnM of her penfion without any dedu^flion, that he aUvays .called tor the nioney quarterly, and fcnt it to her himlelf. The augmentation of her penfion appears to have been owing to the reprefentation made by the Lord-Chancellor Sommehs to his Ma- jcily of the diftrefs of her circumftances, upon the death of her Son-in-law Mr. Chad wick. His Lordlliip had been particularly informed of this by two letters, one from Dr. Sherlock, Dean of St. Faults, to Dr. Hobbs, a phyfician and intimate friend of his Lordfnip ; and the other from Mr. Nelson to Lord Sommers himfelf. Thefe letters are inferted here from the originals among the pa- pers ^ of that great lawyer and llatefman. 'Peanry^ Sept. 25, 1697. , *' Dear Hoebs, " rr-^ j-j js^ 'p kindnefs, which was defign'd to f^ J- Archbilliop Tillotson's nephew for main- *:* taining him at the univerfity, and was then re- *' fufed, as you know, is now become necelTary. ** And your refpeft for the Archbilhop's memory, . ^' which was your motive then, I hope continues " ftill, efpecially confidering the nephew was in no " fault. Mrs. Tillotson had fuch a regard for *' the honour of my Lord, and fuch a kindnefs for his 3 That invaluable colleflion of the MSS. of the Lord Som- MERs, which would have fully illullrated a moft important pe- riod of our Hiftory from the Revolution till the latter end of (^iccn Anne's Reign, was, fince the firft impreflion of this book, unfortunately dellro)M with the chambers and library of the honourable Charles Yorke, Efq; by the fire, which hap- pen'd ill Lir.coln^ s-hn-Sfiuare on Saturday morning, June 27th, 1753. Archhijl:of ^Canterbury. 347 5' his relations for his fake, that fhe would gladly " maintain him, if fhe could : but Jlie is reduc'd *' herfelf to thofc narrow circumftanccs by the un- '^' expeilcd death of Mr. Chadwick, and that lefs " expefted condition he has ielt his family in, that *' fhe is utterly difabled. She came to me before I " went to Tunbridgc^ to defire me to recommend ** him to fome family to be tutor to fome young ,'* gentleman, where he might fupporthimfclf ; and **■ upon that occafion acquainted me with her con- **' dition ; that Mr. Chadwick had fpent all his ** eftate, but what was fettled upon his wife in mar- *' riage, which comes to her eldeft fon : That the *' younger fon and daughter had not one farthing '* to maintain them, but depended w^holly upon " her : That he had put a thoufand pounds of her *« money into the Bank in his own name, and had " given her no declaration of truft, though (he had f' often defircd it of him, which, by this means, is *' loft to her, and muft pay his debts. That his " eftate in the foreft'', where fhe has built herhoufe, f and which, I think, is copyhold, was purchased *' for his life at 300 /. which muft now be paid a- " gain. That upon his great importunity fhe built " that houfe at great expence, which is now much " too big for her. I was extremely concern' d to hear " this fad account, and promifed I would do what <' I could to maintain her nephew in the univerfity \ *' for to take him fo young from thence would be " his ruin -, and for this rcafon have reprefented " the cafe to you, prefumingupon your old friend- *' fhip, but have not the confidence to do fo much " to fome great men you know, for it muft be great ' * kindnefs or great virtue, that recovers a balkt " charity. But this good Lady's condition is fo «^ very pitiable, that I wilh you could perfuade my i I am pei'lbacJed, after all his generous good- ^6 nd's to her would .{lili be inchaed to compafiiori ^i ltd" new misfortunes. lam, Dear Sir, ■' *' Your moft afi'edionate friend and fcrvant, *' William Sherlock-". r f The Archbifhop's nephew, mentioned in this kiter, Mr. Robert Tillotson, fon of his bro- ther Joshua, was educated at ChreHall, of which he was afterwards Fellow •, and during the courfe of liis education was honour'd with the favour of Lord SoMMERs, out of regard to his uncle's irjemory, which was acknowledg'd by him in a Latin letter to his Lordfhip ftill extant. Upon entering into orders he was prefented to the fine-cure of Elme, of confiderable value in the We of £/y, by the Execu- tors of the Archbilhop, to whofe difpofalthat option was left. Mr. Nelson's letter to Lord Sommers was as follows : « My Lord, Took the liberty to put Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer § in mind of that favourable anfwer your Lordfhip procured from the King *'^ in reference to Mrs. Tillotson's affairs, in '*f" hopes that he wpuld lay fome propofals before **' his Majcfty for his royal approbation, in order to ** fatisfy the neceflity of Mrs. Tillotson's circum- ** fiances, and that they might be difpatched be- ** fore the King's departure •, fince, as 1 apprehend, *' matters of this nature fuffcr extremely by delay, *•; and meet with the bed fuccefs, when the fenfe ** of their fitnefs makes the deepeftimprefTion. The *' diflance *CuAKLrs Mo-^TAcv, made Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1 694, and afterwards created Earon, and at laft Earl of HaJ- /'fax. I 'ArchhtJ}:op o/* Canterbury. ^4-9^ *' dlrtance I live from town, and the avcrfion I have •* to be troublelbme to great men, makes me igno- •* rant of what progrc(s Mr. Chancellor has made^ *' though I mud own he exprelTcd great zeal to the *' memory of the Archbifliop, and profefTed much " readinefs and inclination to ferve Mrs. Tillot- •' SON. ** Your Lordlhip's generous procedure em- *' boldens me to follicit the continuance of your *' favour, being confident, that your Lord (hip *' will receive a great deal of pleafure from fee- " ing that finifhed, which your Lordfhip's great ** goodnefs has given a birth to. And if Mr. Mon- •' tagu wants any incitement befides your Lord'- " lliip*s example, your Lordfhip*s conftant owri- *' ing Mrs. Tillotson*s caufe will bean argoment '* too powerful to be refilled. I have all the refpedt *' imaginable for your Lordfhip's pofl: and cha- ** rafter ; but I muft profefs, 'tis the experience of " your Lordfhip's perfonal merit, which creates *' the profoundeft refpeft of, .^ Bkckbtath. *' Your Lordfhip's moft obedient ^' and moft humble fervant, « Nelson." The Archblfhop's two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, died (as has been already obferv'd) before him, the former, who was married to Mr. Chad WICK, leaving two fons, and a daughter. The elder of thofe fons was educated at Catharine- . Hall in Cambridge under Mr. Benjamin Hoadly, . then Fellow of that college, now Lord Bifhop of Winchijter ; and retiring to his paternal eftate in Nottiugham/hire of about three huixlred pounds a year, died there young, leaving a fon, Evelyx Chadw^ck, Efqv now living. The younger fon was 3^ The Life of Dr. John TIllotsoi^, was a Turkey merchant, and died about 1735. ^^ the daughter was married to Mr. Fowler, a con- fiderable Linnen- draper in London, and fon Of Dr, f owLER Bifhop of Gioucejler. His pofthumous fermons were publifh^'d by his Chaplain Dr. Ralph Barker, who had been FeJ- low of Caius-College in CambridgCy and preferred by his Grace, while Dean of St. Paul^s^ in September 1690, to the Reflory of St. Mary- Magdalen Old- Fijh- Street in London, which he refign'd in May the year following, for fome other preferment. The Doflor was particularly qualified for this office of editor, having been inftrufled by his patron in the character, in which he wrote all his fermons. The firft volume of thefe fermons, which begins with one on John \. 47. the lafl preach'd by his Grace, at Kingfion July 29, 1694, was publifhed in 8vo in 1695, with a dedication to the King by Mrs. Til- J.OTSON ; and the 14th and laft volume was printed in 1704. Mr. Samuel Bradford, then Reflor of St. Mary-le-Bow, and afterwards Bifhop of Carlijle in April 17 18, and of Rochejier, and Dean oHVeJl-. minjler, m 1723, who had been honoured with the friendlhip and patronage of his Grace, by whom he was collated to the Redlory above- mention' d in No- vefnber 1693, was likewife employed in revifing and corredling the impreffion of thefe fermons ; be- iides which there was one, which was then fup- prefs'd, and is now probably loft. In that fermoa the Archbjfliop took an occafion to complain of the iifage, which he had received from the Nonjuring party, and to expofe in return the inconfiftency of their own conduijhop of Cmtevhut-y. 3 His fermons againll the do^/>i?r/^«and i/(?r«^ fey in Middlefex, and elder brother of Francis- Lord Bifhop oi Rochefier. Dr. Attereury*s an- fwer was publilhed at London in 1709 in 8vo, uni- der the title of A vindication of Archbifloop Til lot- son's fermons : being an anfwer to a Popiflo book, in\ titled, A true and modeft account of the chief point*, in controverfy between the Roman Catholics and the Proteftants, &c. Wherein thefe folloiving heads are confidered : i . The church 0/ Rome not catholic, 2. Ibt * He is called N. Corson in p. 29. of the Life o/' Lew is Atterbury, L. L. D. ^jiE -ward YAanLiv, B.i). Arch- Jiacon cf Cardigan, prefix'd to Dr. Atterkurv's fermons Edit. London, in Svo. But his true name was Cornel i us Nary, an Irij7j pricit, and author oi a Church H;llor\- from the Creation to tiie Birth of Christ, in fol. fome ccniro\cr- fial I'raiTts againll Pr. Edward Synge, iard)biihop;>f 7.i«jftT an -Ez/iT/;//^ vcrfion of the Kew-teltamcnr, 'Si- ^ 1. iii: yf Dr. Ar r r a.B u .1 v . 3l5^ T^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, 2. 'Thefupremacy. 3. The infallibUity of the church;, 4. Tranfubjiantiation. 5. Communion in one kind. 6. Prayers in an unknown tongue. 7, T'/6^ invoca^ tion of faints. 8. Images. 9. Purgatory. 10. /z^- diilgences. In his anfvver to the preface of Z/??^ /r«,5 rt»J w;^<3'^ account^ he remarks ', that his Grace's fermons, " befides the plainnefs and famiharity of *' the expreffion, and the other beauties of ftyle, *' have this advantage beyond other contfoverfial *' writings, that his arguments againft Popery be- ." ing intermix'd with more pradical truths, are " read with pleafnre and dehght by fuch perfonsj " who would never endure the fatigue of turning *' over and confidering a book writ clofely, and *' confiiling only of dry argumentation/* Heowns^, that the Archbilhop " fomctimes diverts himfelf *' and his reader with the foppery and impertinencies " of the Popifh authors, their unfound reafonings, *' and abfurd conkquences •, but never, adds he, at *« the expence of good manners or good breeding. " He every where mingles his fharpeft refledlions " on the caufe with charity to the perfon ; recon- *' ciles controverfy with good nature, and hath *' Ihewn himfelf to be not only a fkilful divine, and *' an able difputant, but alfo a good man, and one *' of the civiiefl gentleman-like perfons in the " world." Another anf>ver to the true and modefi account was publilh'd in a book publifli'd in April 1725 at Lon- don, and intitled, A vindication of the doctrines of the church c/ England, inopvofitioAto thofe of Komt^ as far as the infaliibility of the church ■:n general, or of the church <7/Rome in particular, the catholicifm cf the Roman church, or the fupremacy of her Popes, and the allegiance due to his Majefly, are concerned', in ivhicb the obje^ions of N. C. papijt, againfi Arch- biffjop TiLLOTso.v, Dr, Hammond, and other pro- tefiant ' i». 4. ^ P. 8. 'Archbifljop c/"Canterbury. ^^J tejlant writers^ in the lery popijh words and terms^ are particularly confider^d: By Philip Gretton, Jbmvtime J^ellow ^/Trinity-College, Cambridge, and miff li^cior of Springfield , EfTex. Fran-CIS Marttn o^Galway in Ireland^ Doilor of Divinity, Regius profellbr, and interpreter of the Gr4£k language in the univerfity of Louvain, un- dcrtDok an elaborate confutation of the Archbi- fhop*s fermon on i Cor. iii. 15. concerning the ha- zard of being faved in the church of Rome •, and pubUfh'd it at Louvain in 17 14 in Svo, under the tit.-c:63. f M. Lux Evangeiii, f> i 86. ^ Id. dc' vciiutc rei. t-h-iii^-wi- p- ^^.^o Archbifiop o/' Canterbury. 361 and publifhing the work of Mr. Joseph Mede % ♦' which he did with fo much care, that it would ** be hard to inftance cither in our own nation, or *' perhaps any where elfe, in fo vaft a work, that ^' was ever publifh'd with more exadtnefs ; by *' which he hath raifed up to himfelf a monument ^' hkely to laft, as long as learning and religioa " Ihall continue in the world." He had been edu- cated in Emartuel College in Cambridge^ of which he was Fellow, and ordain'd both Deacon and Prieft in 1 646, his Tellimonials being fign*d by fever^l other Fellows, and among thefe by Mr. William San CROFT, afterwards Archbilhop of Canterbtiryy who, as well as Mr. Worthington, was then conniv'd at for not taking the Covenant *. The latter was created Bachelor of Divinity in 1646, and Doctor in \6^^-\-y and being chofen Mafter o'ije- fus-Colkge many years after the eje<5tment of Dr. Richard Sterne, fpcceflively Bilhop of Carlijle and Archbilhop of Tork^ was with fomc difficulty pre- • Printed at London, 1664, in folio. But moft of the copies p{ that edition were burnt in the fire of London 1666, which Dr. Worthington intimates in a letter to the Earl of Lauder- dale, communicated to me by the learned Dr. Ward oiGre- Jham College, dated June 20, 1670. — *' I am fare Mr, Medb's f papers coft me no frnall nor fhort pains. Tho' I had not books ** enough to gratify my friends, as I defigned, nor had I ever *' one of his books for inyfelf. But had not the fire come, ** it had been otherwife." In another letter, dated June 20, 1669, to Mr. Fowler, afterwards Bifhop of Gloucfjier, he fay?, — " I have another care upon me, the revifing of Mr. *' Me de's works, which are in the prefs (but of thk fay no- *' thing), I fhall add fome marginal hints, where there is need, " and make this edition better. They do five or fix fheecs a ?' week. The book is printed on a larger paper, and will come ** into one volume, and be cheaper." * Notes on thi: En gli/h tranflation of Dr. Barwick's Life, p. 34.3, and WiL ford's Memorials, p. 425. -j- Falti Cantabr. a MS. of which this extrart was communj- pted to me by John Ward, L. L. D. ProfelTor of Rhetoric sit Qrejham College. 362 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, prevail'd upon to fiibmit to the choice and rcqiiell of the Fellow?, his inclination being to a more pri- ^'ate and retir'd life ; and foon after the Reftoratiori he refign'd that Mafterfliip to Dr. Sterne. During the years 1660 and 1661 he cultivated a frequent correfpondence by letters with that great promoter of all ufeful learning, IMr. Samuel Hartlic •, four and twenty of Dr. Worthington's being pub- Jifh'd at the end of his Mifcellames, and feveral 0- thers by BiOiop KENNETJn his Regijter andChroni- cle^o. Heenter'd upon the Cure oi St. Bennet Fink^ in June 1664, under Dr. George Evans, Canon of fVindfvr, who held a leafe from that College of the Redlory j and he continued to preach there during the Plague year'^ 1665, coming thither weekly from Hackney^ where he hadplac'd his family •' : and from February 18, 1664, t;ll the Fire in September^ he preach'd the Ledlure of that Church, upon the death of the former Ledurer. Soon after that calamity, he was prefented by Dr. Henry More o^ Chrift^s- Colkge in Cambridge^ to the Living of Ingoldjhy near Grantham in Uncolnfjire ; and to a Prebend of htn~ f 5/??, procur*d him by Archbifhop Sheldon, who had a great efteem for him. From Ingoldfiy heremov'd to Hackney^ being chofen Lecturer of that Church with a fubfcription commencing from Lady-Day 1670 •, and the Church of St. Bennet Fink being, then rebuilding, he made fuit to the Church of Windfor to have his Leafe of the Cure renew'd to him, being recommended by the Archbifliop to Dr. Ryves, Dean of that Church. This was granted him, but fome difficulties arifing about the form of the " P. 867, 871. ' Notes on Dr. Bar wick's life, uhi fupra. ^ Original letters of Dr. VVorthington to Dr. Evans? communicated to me by his learned Grandfon the Rev^. Mr. Thomas Archer, Reclorof^^. Martins LuJgaie and Finch' iey, and Prebendary of St. Paul's. I Archhtjl:op (?/ Canterbury. 363 theLeafe with regard to the Parfonage-houfe agreed to be rebuilt^ he did not live to execute it, dying at Hackney in the latter end of the year 1671, and be- ing interr'd in the Church there ''. His patience and rrfignation appear from the following pafTige in 4 letter of his to his friend Dr. Evans; " I would ^' have no friend troubled about me. I cannot fee ^' any afflictions, that I have met with, could have " been fpared, or that it would iiave been fo well '' with me, if I had been without them." The Archbifhop, bcfides his own difcourfe c.gainjl TratifubjlaJitiatio/jy was likewife editor of another upon the fame fubjedf, intitled, A plain Reprefenta- tion of Tranfubjtarjtiation, as ii is received in the Church of Home •, ivith the fandy foundation it is built tipon^ and the arguments^ which do clearly evert and overturn it, written by Mr. Henry Pendle- BURY, who was born in Lancaflfire, educated at Chriji' 5-College in Cambridge, and ejected in 1662, for Nonconformity, from Holcomb-Chapel in his na- tive county, and died June 18. 16^ c^, at the age of feventy ''. His revifa! of the harmony of the four Evangelijls by Mr. Samuel Cradock, B. D. elder brother of Pr. Zachary Cradock, Preacher at Grey^s-Inn, and Provoft of Eton-College, was undoubtedly of confiderable advantage to that work, printed at Lon- don in 1668 in fol. as his care had preferv'd it from the flames duringthe conflagration of that city in Sept. 1666. Which obligations are mention'd by the au- thor in his preface with due acknowledgnients to his very worthy and learned friend. Not long after he was ad vanc'd to thcArchbilhopric, he had intended to have compos'd in Latin a fyftem of natural and revealed religion : but the bufmefs of chat important poft was probably the caufe of his not ^ Notes on Dr. Barwick's life, uhifupra, f Dr. Cala- Wy's Account, />. 400. 3.-64 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, not profecuting the defign. The plan, dated March I ft i69f, is ftill extant in his own hand- writing ; and as the fmalleft remains of fo great a mafter deferve jto be prefer v'd, it is inferted here. Sumtna theologi^ Chriftianae in quatuor libros diftributa. I. De religione naturali & mentibus humanis infita. 1. De Diolumine naturali cognofcibili. 2. De lege naturae. 3. De providentia divina. 4. De immortalitate animorum. 5. De prsemiis & pcEnis poft mortem. II. " De revelatione divina. 1 . De variis divina? revelationis generibus 5fe gradibus. 2. De revelatione ad Noac'hum fada. 3. De revelatione ad Abrahamum. 4. De revelatione per Mosem ad Judxos. 5. De revelatione per Chriitum perfediflirrfa & ultima. 6. Quare non prius fa<3:3, fed tandiu dilata. III. De religione Chriftiana. 1. De Jefu Domino & Salvatore noftro, & re.- gionis Chriftiana au^ore. 2. De materia hujus revelationis. 3. An Chriftus novas leges tulerit? 4. De perfectione hujus religionis. 5. De facramentis novi foederis, IV. De officio hominis Chriftiani. 1. De fide hominis Chriftiani ad falutend ne- .celfaria. 2. De pcenitentia. 3. Dw obedicntla Chriftiana in genere : ejus partes. " 4. De plctatc acJvcrfus Di'J.M. Archhtjl'op cf Canterbury : 3^5 ** 5. De temperantiA & contincntia, five cafti- " tate. " 6. De virtutibus five ofReiis proximum fpec- *' tantibus. *' 7. De charicate omnium aliarum virtutum fonte " &: vinculo. " 8. De obedientia fincera & vere evangelica. ** 9. De prsparatione ad mortem. " 10. De fupremo judicio. " II. De vitae fucuris prasmiis, & poenis ae- " ternis.'* There are extant likewlfe In his common-place- book, in fhort hand the titles of a courfe of fcrmons, with a general one of The Cbrijlian Religion 'vindi- cated and explained in feveral fermons upon the chief articles cf it contain' d in the Apojlles Creed. But they are moft probably thofe, which he drew up for the Edition of Dr. Barrow's fcrmons on that Creed v there being an exa6l correfpondence between them, except that the Archbifliop's title of the Xlllth fer- mon is Of the truth of the Chrijli an Religion, whereas in Dr. Barrow's works it is Of the Truth and Divi- nity of the Chrijlian Religion ; and his Grace's MS. lift contains only 33 fermons; but in the Do(5lor*s works there is a 34th, intitled. The Divinity cf tbi Holy Ghoji. He had likewlfe form'd, juft before his advance- ment to the Archbifhopric, a defign of a new book of Homilies, which he communicated to Bifhop Bur- NET and Bilhop Patrick.^-, not with an intention to lay afide the book of homilies already eft ablifbed, but to add a new one to that, which we have had almoft two hundred years. He thought, that this was not lull enough, ' See Bifhop Burnet'^s Preface to ^/j EfTay towards a new book of Homilies, in ieven fermons, prepared at the dciire of i\rchbi(hop 'I ILLOTSON, and fonieother Biftiops, /iry»/f^*y//A i)i4 Sermons preached on feveral occafions, Lcndon 1 71 3, in Svo. ^66 The Life of Dr, John TilIotson, enough, and that it was, according to the ftate of things at the time, in which it was compofed, fitted chiefly to fettle peoples minds right with regard to the Reformation, and in oppofition to Popery, and though fuch a work had been of great ufe to the nation, another book of Homilies, which fhould contain a full and plain account both of the dodlri- nal and pra6lical parts of the Chriflian religion, and give a clear explanation of every thing relating to our holy faith, or to the conduft of our lives, was neceffary chiefly for the inftruction of the Clergy, and might alfo be a family-book for the general ufe of the kingdom. He propofed, that it fhould confifl: of fixty-two Homilies, two and fifty for all the Sundays of the year, and ten for the following holydays ; Chrijlmas, the Circumcijioft, Epiphany, Chrifi's prefentment in the Temple, the Annunciation, AJh-Wedne[day, Good- Friday, Monday and Tuefday in Rafter week, the Afcenfton, and Monday and Tuefday in JVhitfon week. He defign'd, that the book fhould begin a.t Advent,, in this order : The firfl Homily fhould give a view of the Mofaical difpenfation. The fecond was to ex- plain the prophecies concerning the MefTias during the firfl temple-, and the third thofe in the captivity in Daniel, and the others during the fecond tem- ple. The fourth was to fliew what were the defedls in that difpenfation, and what was neceflary to eflablifh a better covenant upon better promifes ; with a particular view of the nature of the prieft- hood under this better difpenfation, it being ordina- tion Sunday. Then from Chriftmas to AJJj-Wednefday, in a fe- ries of fermons, the circumftances of the doflrine, the parables, and the miracles of Chrid, were to be copioufiy opened, with thefe particulars : On the feafl of the Circumcifwn, baptilm was to be explain- ed, as introduced inllead of it. On Epiphany ^ the calling 'Archbifiop of Canterbury. 367 calling of the GentileSy with the progrefs that the Chriilian rehgion made, ami the delirudion of Je- rufaUmy with the perfccutians that followed, were to be unfolded. On the Prefititmcnt in the Temple, the compliance with the authorikd rituals of reli- gion, even though the body ot a church was much corrupted both with falfe c^oclnnes and fuperftitioiis praftices, was to be evinc'd, but with the neceflary limitations of fuch a degree of corruption, as fhould ir.aive a fcparation from the body not only lawful, but necefTary. On the feall: ot the ylmnmciaiion, the hymns of the Virgin Mary, Zacharias, and Simeon, as being pa;ts of the daily worlhip, were to be paraphrafed and explained. On y^- Wednefdayy and the firft three Sundays in Lent, the whole dodrineof repentance was to be fully enlarged, on ; reftitution and the reparation of injuries were to be much prefs'd ; then the guilt of fin, with the juft puniiTiments due for it, both in this life, and in the next, were to be fet forth, to prepare men for a due fenfe of the mercies of God in Christ. On the Sunday before Eajier, the inftitution of the Lord's Supper, and every thing relating to it, were to be rightly Hated. On Good-Friday , the fuffer- ings and death of Chrift were to be fully fet forth. On Eajler-day, the refurreflion was the proper fub- jedl, and both the evidence and effe6ls of it were to be inlarg'd upon. On Monday and Tuefday in that week the dodrines of the refurredion, of the judg- ment to come, and of the bleflednefs of the faints in heaven, were to be illuftrated. In the fix Sundays between Eajier and Whit font ide the doctrine of juftification was to be explained, and lome exprefiions in the firft book of Homilies, that feemed to carry juftification by faith only, to a height that v/anted fome mitigation, were to be well examined •, and all, that St. Paul had written on that \\c:id^ both to the Romans and the GalatianSy was 3^8 The Life of Dr. John TillotsoJt, was to be explained and reconciled to what St. James vrote on the fame fubjeft. Next fanclification was to be rightly dated ; faith and hope were to be ex- plained •, the mifBon of the Apollles, and of their fuccefTors, the Bifhops and Paftors of the churchy with their authority, and its limits, were to be af- ierted. Chrifl:*s afcenfion, and his kingdom, as the MefTias, were next to be proved and explained. The great effufion of the Holy Ghoft on Whit- fupday was then to be dwelt on, upon which the authority of the New-teftament is to be proved, in oppofition to tradition i and the authenticalnefs of the Scriptures, as they are now in our hands, was to be evinc*d. For the Monday and Tuejday in Whii- fort week, the neceffity of inward afTiftances was to be fhewn, and to be guarded againfl: the danger of enthufiafm. On Trinity Sunday^ the unity of God, and that the Father, Son, and Holy Ghoft are one God, was to be proved ; with an exhortation to all in holy orders, to remember their vows, and to live and labour fuitably to their profefTion. In the Sundays after Trifiityy the fum of the Ten Commandments, and every one of the ten, with the duties relating to It, were to be fully opened : In particular, humility, meeknefs, and content- ment, and a freedom from envy and covetoufnefs. After this, fomefermons were to be added concern- ing prayer, with a particular enlargement on all the , parts of the Lord's Prayer. And the year was to €nd with fome ferraons, inforcing on the people the care of their fouls, and their duty to God, the cre- ator of all things, and the governor of the Worldj and the Saviour of all who believe. This is the fubftance of that fcheme, which the Archbifhop in a long converfation with Bifhop Bur- net had digeftcd, and faid he wouki communicate to others, to be corrected or improved, as they (hould advife. In order to thi<:, Bifliop Patrick. 3 ""■ ^rMiJ7:op of Ca.ntCThury, 369 undertook to examine carefully the Gofpcls and EpilUcs for the whole year, to fee how they agreed with this fcheme, and to fclcd fiich other portions of the Gofpels and Epiftles, as might agree better with all the parts of it, and to prepare Colleds pro- per for them. And from fome difcourfe with his Grace afterwards Bifiiop Burnet concluded, that he had made a good progrtfs in it. About the fame time their Majefties having pub- lifhed proclamations againft profane fwearing, breach of fabbath, lewdnefs, and drunkennefs, the Arch- biOiop defired Bifhop Burnet to draw, for an ef- fay. Homilies on thofe fubjeds, promifing to take a large fhare of the work to himfelf. Hefaid, that Bifhop Patrick was willing to do the fame ; and that he knew feveral perfons, who had confidered fome matters relating to his fcheme very critically, to whom he would afiign fuch parts of it, as they would be both very ready and able to execute well; and that he had propofed the defign to Bifliop Lloyd, who approv'd highly of it, but would take no other fhare in it, than the revifing the feveral compofitions, that were given in towards the finifli- ing the work. When Bilhop Burnet had drawn up the five Homilies, which the Archbifhop had prefcrib'd to him, and which were afterwards printed, with the amendments of Bifhop Lloyd, his Grace was fo pleafed v/ith them, that he told the Bifliop of Salt/' bury^ that his Lordfliip muft take for his fhare the whole Ten Commandments. But foon after this they found a fpirit of oppofi- tion growing fo ftrong, and fo much animated and fupported, that it was to no purpofr to ftruggle againft it at that time. For which reafon, this with many other good defigns was referved to a better opportunity, and no further progrcfs made in ic. " B b The ^yo The Life of Dr, John Tillotso^n,, The Preface to the letters of Sir Everard= DiGB Y, one of the cenfpirators in the Gun-powder Treafon, fubjoin'd to a nevv edition of the hiftoryof it pubhfli'd by Bp. BARLOwin iGy<^'m^vo, was evi- dently written by his Grace, not only from his ftyle and manner of writing, but as being likewife fub- fcrib'd J. T. and the originals of thofe letters hav- ing been mentioned by him in his fermon on the 5th of November the year preceding as in his pof- feffion, being found about September 1675 by Sir KicE RuDD, Bart, and William Wogan of Grays-Inn^ Efq-, at the houfe of Charles Corn- WALLis, Efq-, Executor of Sir KenelmDigby, fon and heir of Sir Everard, tied up in two filk bags, among the deeds, evidences and writings of Sir Ken ELM. They were licens'd for publication 'January 3 1 . i 674j and the preface gives an account of the fidelity of their publication, with fevera! remarks upon them ; particularly, that Sir Eve- RAHD appears from them to have been verily per- fuaded of the lawfulnefs of the defign, in which he had been engag'd ; and that he thought it alfo law- ful to deny any thing upon his examination, that was to the difadvantage of his religion, or might bring others into danger, without any regard to truth : And that the defign itfelf was a real plot, wherein feve- ra! popifli priefts and Jefuits, and other perfons of quality of that religion, v/ere engag'd ; and not only {q^ but that, if it had taken efFed:, an afTociatim of foreign Princes of the lame religion, by a folcmn oath, like that of the holy league in France^ was de- fign'd to have aliur'd the bufinefs afterwards. " But " now, continues the Preflice, to come threefcore '* years after, and to think to baffle all the records ** and hiftories of that time by a bold and ground- *' Icfs furmifc, that all this was a contrivance of '* Secretary Cecil, without the leaft prnof or evi- •* dcnceproducedforir, is aconhdencconly becoming *^ fuch Archhiji:op c/ Canterbury. ^>r " fuch a character and fuch a caufe. To conclude this " matter, tho' the prieih of the Romijh church are *' able to Impole fo Icon upon the cafy crcduhty of *' their people^ as to peiluade them every day to *' deny their fcnfes, and to beheve contrary to what *' they plainly fee •, yet have they no reafon to ex- '* pedt the fame civility and compliance from us, *' whom they know to have, above an hundred *' years ago, taken up an obllinate refolution to be- ** lieve our own fenfes, againlt the confidence and *' prefumption of any church in the world." The flio:t time, during which the Archbifhop fill'd his See, prevented him from diftinguilhing, as he intended, fcveral learned men, by the prefer- ments in his own difpofal, or his intcreft with the crown. Among thefe was Dr. Humphrey Pri- DEAuxi then Archdeacon of .S«^^/^, Prebendary of Norwich, and Redor of Sabam in Norfclk, who in a letter to his brother, dated in that city on the 28 th of November 1694', lamented, that " hisexpefta- *' tions of farther advancement were all dead with ** the Archbifliop :" Nor did he receive any addi- tional preferment till Jime 1702, when he was pro- moted to the Deanry of Norwich, upon the death of Dr. Henry Fairfax, defcended of the noble family of that name, who had been expell'd from his Fellowfhip of Magdalen College in Oxford, on account of his oppofition to King James il's man- date for admitting Mr. Farmer Prefident of that college. But the Archbifliop aflually fucceeded in his en- deavours for another learned writer, Dr. Gabriel TowERSON, author of the Explication of the Calc- chifm of the church of England *, for whom he pro- cur'd from their Majsfties the Redory of St. An- B b 2 drtw- * In the pofleiTion of John Loved ay, 0^. Caverpam i\t2S Readihg^ Klij;. * Publilh'4 in three pwrj in fol. at Londcn in 1*578, 1680, and i6i£. 372 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, dnw-Underfbaft in London, vacant in April 1692, by the advancement of Dr. Robert Grove to the Bifliopric of Chichefter ■\. Dr. Towerson, who was a native of Middkfex, had been enter'd in 1 650 a Commoner of ^ieen's College in Oxford, where he took the degree of Mafter of arts in 1657, and was elefted Fellow of All Souls College in 1660, about v/hich time he took Orders, and was afterwards prefented by that College to the Redlory of PFelwyn in Herlfordjhire, which he held till his death. He was created Doctor of divinity by Archbifhop San- croft abcut the year 16775, to whom he dedicated the third part of his Explication of the Catechifm^ as he intended to have done to his fucceflbr Til- lotson a Latin Tradl upon the Epiftle to the Phi- lippians, in acknowledgment of his Grace's kind- nefs in obtaining for him the Rec%ry in the city \\. He died in OSiober 1697, and was interr'd at IVel- wyn^ on the 2 ift of that month. His funeral fer- mon preach'd by Dr. George Stanhope gives his charadler at large, as a man remarkable tor a modeft, gentle, affable, and communicative tem- per, which gave a luftre to the reft of his accom- pli Qiments, and for the utmoft patience and refig- nation amidfb the fcvereft tryals, and particularly un- der the ijfs of his fon, drown'd in the mote of his houfe j upon which melancholy incident heanfwer'd Dr. Stanhope, v/ho offcr'd to fupply his Cure, that he had loon conquer'd the diforderly part of his grief, and tound no relief fo great as employing himfelf in his iludy, and the attendance upon his duty *. His promotion to St. Andrew Underpaft is mention'd by Dr. Stanhope i" as one inftance of the ■\ >7ewcourt, Repertorium, Vol I p. 268. § VV^ooD, Athen. O.xon. /W. II. col. 1010. jl A firnion ac the fuiicral of Gabriel Tout r.; on, D. D. by George STANnoi-E, D. D. p. 26, 27. Edit, London 16^8 in 40. * jii.jd. p. r.S, 29. ■\ P.. z6. Archhlpop of Canterbury. ^j,'^ the late excellent Primate^ s care to prefer worthy and ufeful men. His preferment of Mr. Bradford, afterwards fucccfllvely Bifhop of Carl/Jle and oi'RocheJler, to the Kcdlory o\ St. Mary-le-Bcw, has been ahead y touch'd upon i and the manner of it, as well as Mr. Brad- ford's charader, deferves to be particularly related. That learned and exemplary Divine, who was fon of a citizen oi London, was born in Black Fry ars Dec. 20. 1652, and educated both at St. Paurs School., and at the Charter-houfe., and afterwards aiBennet-Ccl.'ege in Cambridge, which he left without taking a degree, on account of fome fcruples with refpeft to the fub- Tcripticns, declarations, and oaths rcquir'd on that occafion, and efpecially for holy orders. For v/hich reafon he return'd home, and purfued his ftudies, with a view to the profelTion of Phyfic, which he foon abandon'd for that of Divinity -, and having fatisfied his former doubts, procur'd, by means of Archbifhop Sancroft, a royal mandate to the univerfity for the degree of Mailer of arts in 1 6S0, and ten years after was ordain'd Deacon and Priefl: by Bifhop CoiMpton. In the beginning of the year i6<^~ he was elcfted Minifter of 6"/. Thomas\ church in Southwark, being recommended to the governors of that hofpital by Dr. Tillotson, then Dean of St. Paufs, and divers other eminent Divines •, and he was foon after chofen Lecturer of Sc. Mary-le- Bow. He was fcarce fettled in Southwark, when the Dean, now Archbifliop, engag'd him to be Tutor to his grandfons ; upon which he remov'd to Carlijle-houfe in Lambeth, but continued to dif- charge the duties both of his parochial Cure and Leiturefhip. Whilft he was on a Sunday morning at the former of thefe, Dr. TiiMOTHY Puller, the incumbent of St. Mary-le-Boiu dying, the chief of the parifhioncrs went immediately, with- out Mr. Bradford's knowledge, to Lambeth Palace to follicit the Reiflory for him. His Grace . B b 3 receiv'd 374 ^'^^^^ ^if^ ^f ^'''' John Tillotson, teceiv'd them very courteouny, but told them, that they had taken the mofl hkely method to pre- vent his doing what they aflced, fince all other pa- riflies in the city of his patronage woukl have reafdn to expect his oWiging them upon a hke appHcation ; and confequent'y he flioukl thus lole in effed thfi free difpofal of his own preferments : fo that he gave them no promife, nor farther hopes of fuccefs, than by faying, that he v;as glad to find, they had fo good an opinion of Mr. Bradford, to whofe me- rit he himfelf was no ilranger, as being almoft one of his family •, and for whom he fliould at a convenient time fhew his regard. The Gentlemen in the after- noon inform'd their Ledhirer of v/hat had pafs'd, and prefs'd him to go that evening himfelf to the palace •, which he dechn'd : but the Archbifhop lent for him the next morning before he was out of his bed, to which he, being of a very weakly con- ititution, was generally confin'd by a violent fit of the hea,d-ach, after doing his duty on a Sunday. "When he came, his Grace told him in what danger lie was of lofino; tke Living, which he had intended of lofing tke Living, 1 i but at the fame tii for him •, but at the fame time fign*d thtjiat for his .collation, which v/as e>;pedited the next day, No- . xxvi, xx'vii. prevfixa libra HoDli deG:a;« cis illuftribus linguae Grajca; literarumque humaniorum inllauri- toribus. Edit, Londini X742. 376 The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, fhop of Worcejizr^ before he was taken into the fa- mily of Archbiiliop Tillotson, whofe fucceflbr Tenison continued him in the fame office, and gave him the Redory of Chart e near Caiiterhury upon the death of Mr. Wharton, on the 5th of March 1694; which Dr. Hody immediately ex- chang'd for that of St. Michael Royal in London. This living he held till his death on the 20th of January 170-% together with the Greek Profeffor- fhip at Oxford^ to which he was chofen in March 169I., and the Archdeaconry of Oxford conferred upon him in 1704. The laft Treatile publifli'd by him is inritled, De Bibliorum Textibus originalibus^ verftonibus Gracis^ 6? Latind Fulgatd, Lib. IV. printed at Oxford in 1705 in fol. He had prepar'd for the prefs a valuable work form'd from the lec- tures, which he had read in the courfe of his Pro- fefforfhip, and containing an account of the lives, chara(5lers, and works of thofe illuftrious Greeks, who introduc*d the ftudy of their antient language and learning into Italy. But it continued in manu- fcript above thirty years after his death, and was publifhed at London in 1742 in 8vo, by Samuel Jebb, M. D. under the title of De Greeds iilufiribus linguae Gr^eca literarunique humaniorum inflauratori- hus, eorum vitis., fcriptis, i^ elogiis, libri duo, with an account in Latin of the author's life, extrafted chiefly from a manufcript one written by himfelf in Englifh. Another of the Archbilhop's Chaplains, but lefs eminent for his writings, which confifted only of a few fermons, was Dr. George Royse, bjrn at Martcck in Sonierfet/Jdire^ about the year 1655, and admitted a Semi-commoner of St. Edmond's Hall in Oxford in the beginning of April iSyi"^, where he took the degree of Bachelor of arts Alarch i i>, » V/ooD. Ath. Oxon. Vcl. II. / 56;. Arckhifiop of Canterbury. 3 77 1674-*, and was Toon after cleded Fellow o^ Oriel College. Upon his taking the degree of Mdfter, Mciy 12th, 1678% he entcr'd into iioly orders, and became Chjp'.ain, firft to Richard Lord Wen- man in Oxjcrdjjo'ire^ then to George Earl of Berk- ley, and afterwards to King William, whom he attended in that capacity to Ireland in Jwie 1690^, having been created Do6lor of divinity at Oxford on the 2 2d of May that year ^ After his return from Ireland^ he was made Chaplain to Archbifhop Til- LOTSON, who gave him the Reclory of Newington in Oxfordfijire, vacant by the death of Dr. Henry Maurice, Chaplain to his prcdeceffor j and on the ift of December following Dr. Royse was cle<5led Provoft of Oriel College^ in the room of Dr. Ro- bert Say deceas'd^ He was afterwards advanced to the 'Dtdinx'j oi Brijlol upon the death of Dr. Wil- liam L.EVET, being inftall'd in it on the loth of March 169I, and died in /Ipril 1708 *. Among others, in whofe favour his Grace exer- cifed the prerogative annexed to the Archiepifcopal See of conferring degrees in the feveral faculties, was Mr. Robert Hooke, ProfefTor of gf^ometry in Grejham College^ to v/hom he gave that of Doftor of phyfic in December 1691^-, who well deferved fuch a diftinflion by his uncommon induftry and figacity in the ftudy of natural phllofophy, and the fertility of his invention in mechanics. His long acquaintance with, and high regard for the characfter and writings of that great mafter of botany and natural hiftory in general, Mr. John Ray, would have been of advantage to the fortune of the latter, which was very flender, after his Grace's a Fafli, Vol.ll. col. ig^. ^ Ihid. col. zog. * Athcn. ubi fupra. ^ Falli, r./. 235. « Atheti. ubifu'^ra. ^ Wi L I. is's Survey, Vol. I. f. "j^j. 8 Ward's Lives of the Frofellors of Grejham- College, p. \ZZ. 578 The Life of Br, John Tillotsov, Grace's advancement to the Archbifhopric, if that modeft and pious man would have accepted of pre- ferment in the church at a time of Jife, when he thought him felf incapable of difcharging the duties of it. Nor did he omit the firft opportunity of re- turning the Archbifnop a public mark of his grati- tude and efteem, in a very polite dedication to his Grace of his ihree phyfico-tbeohgicd difccurfes^ con- cerning the cbaos^ the deluge^ and the diffolution of the worlds publifli'd in 1693 in 8vo. His Grace was likev;ife inftrumental in procuring the Deanry of Durham for Dr. Thomas Comber, with whom he had long cultivated a ftridt; friendfhip, and for whofe learning and piety he had an high efteem. That Deanry being vacant in 1691 by the refuial of Dr. Dennis Granville, younger bro- ther of John the firft Earl of Bath^ to take the oaths, the King was confulting v;ith fome of the leading men at court, to whom it fhould be given. The Marquis of Cacrmarthen^ afterwards Duke of Leeds, and the Archbifliop, were in the prefence- chambcr, when the Earl of Fauconherg^ who had been reduced from a v;avering ftate to a firm ad- herence to Proteftantifm by the private difcourfe and writings of Dr. Comber, efpecially his /Idvice to the Roman Catholics, propofed that Divine to them as a proper perfon for that preferment. Whereupon the Archbifhop, being as much influcnc'd by his regard for the Doctor, as the Marquis was con- nected with him by family, they immediately ap- proved of Lord Fauconberg^s propofal, and Dr. Comber being recommended to his Majefty was collated to the Deanry '\ The year following his Grace requefted the new Dean to write an anfwer to a virulent libel againll the government, call'd Great Bri- ^ Extraft of a MS. Life of Dr. Thomas Co.mber, fome time DeanofDw/'^OT, written by himfelf. ^rchbiJJjop c/" Canterbury. ^79 Britaifi'i jiijl complaint^ of which Sir James Mokt- coMJERV was ilippolcd to be ti.c author: And the Dean having linilhcd his confutation otit, fcnt it to the Archbilliop, wlio immediately caufcd it to be printed, though without the writer's name K His Grace had many years before interpofed to mode- rate the differences brtwcen Dr. Comber and Dr. BuuxET, on account of the Iliftory of ihe Rcguley publidicd by tlie latter in 1602, to which the former having written an anfwer, icnt it to Dr. Lake, Bp. ijf Cbichejla\ who committed it to the prcfs, after having fliewn it to fome of Dr. Burnet's friends ; which occafioning much alttrrcation both in words and writings, Dr. Tillotson ufed all his interefi: with the contending parties for an accommodation. And two years after, when Dr. Comber was pre* piling for the prefs the fecond part of the Hijiory cf Tythes^ againft Mr, Selden, Dr. Burnet's book above-mentioned, and a treatife afcrib'd to father Paul, Dr. Burnet being then in disfavour with the court, and going into France, their com- mon friend Dr. Tillotson requefted Dr. Comber to omit all mention of that Divine in his work., which he readily confented to do ^ Such are the memorials relating to the incompa- rable Archbifhop Tillotson, vv^hich the diftance of above half a century from his death has allowed me to collecl •, a tafk too long negledled by others more equal to it, and now undertaken by me froii^ a jufl apprehenfion, that moft of the prefent mate- rials for a life of him would in all probability have been loft in the courfe of a few years more. I can only wilh, that the public may receive the fame fatisfaflion from the refult of my labour, as I have from the profecution of this attempt to do juftice to the MM. k ;yis. Life of Dr. Comber. gSo ^he Life of Dr, John Tillotson, the memory of one of the greateft and bed of men. And I fliall make fome amends for my own imper- fedlions, by introducing in the Appendix the judi- cious obfervations of a writer ', whofe friendlhip I muft always ellcem a fingular advantage to myfelf, as his works are univerfally allowM to be to the joint interefts of learning and religion. •5 The Rev. Mr. Jortin. APPENDIX ArchhiJJjop of Canterbury. 381 APPENDIX, N U xM B E R I. So?}je 7nemoriah of the mojl reverend Dr. John Ti L L o TsoN , late Lord Archbijhop of Can- terbury : Written upon the fiews of his death by J. B \ M, A. for his own private fatisf ac- tion, and out of honour to his Grace's tnemory, I Have reafon to be nearly and clofely concern'd upon the hearing of this unexpected news, and to lament it, not only in reference to myfell, confi- dering my r^uondam relation to him, as his firlV ad- mitted pupil, about the latter end o^ March 165°, now almoli: 44 years ago •, but alfo upon account of the public lols both to this kingdom and church, by the taking away of fo great a perfon, the chief Metropol.tan of this church, and Privy-Counfcllor to their moft gracious Majefties, the prime orna- ment of his age, the love and admiration of all good men, of all ranks and qualities. I do, and muft ever acknowledge with thankfulnefs to almighty God, that it was a great bleffing, and a merciful difpofal of his providence to me, that I was placed under the tuition of fo excellent a perfon, as he was then, being but junior Bachelor, and only a Proba- tioner for a Fellowlhip mCiare-Hall Cambridge. There were feveral others admitted under his tuition the fame year, and, among the red, the now v/orthy Mailer of the Charter-houfe^ Dr. Burn'et. But he had other pupils befides, which were put over to him by iVlr. Clarkson, Fellow of the laid college, who had been his own tutor. He * John Beardmore, who was admitted fizar and pupil to 2)i7OT?>aj TiLi OTSON on the 7th cS A'pfil 1651, according to tii€ regiller of Clare-Hall in Cambridge. 8 582 ^he Life of Dr, John TIllotson, He was at thole years a very good fcholar, an acute logician and philofopher, a quick difputant, of a folid judgment, and no way unqualified for the truft and charge incumbent upon him. He fpoke hatin exceedingly well, read ledures to us, that were admitted under him, out of Burgersdicius's ]ogic, with great fmartnefs and judgment ; and when we went to take a new leflure, he examined us about the former, according to the author, and his own explanations. When we went to prayers in liis chamber a- nights, he put us for fome time at firll upon conftruing or'rendering mio Latin a chap- ter in the Grsek Teftament, in which he was a very great critic •, and afterwards, in procefs of time, he ufed to put fome or other upon giving account of the day's reading ; after which account given, he would put them upon defending their author and his fenfe or tenets. This was ever done in Latin ; for 1 know nor, that ever he fpoke a word of Eng- lijh to us, whilft we were fo together, or permitted any of us to do fo. He fometimes had us to de-, claim or difpute before him in his chamber alio ; but this w:i5: done in the afternoon upon fuch days, as he appointed. We alio went to him to prayers, for the moft part duly on Lord's-day nights, when he examined Ibme or other of the fermon or fermons he^rd that day -, and this was done in Englijh •, for that was the only day, when he ipake to us, or we gave him our accounts, in EngliJIo. His prayers were (according to the ufe of thofe times) ot that fort, which we call conceived prayers^ in which he had a very great faculty j but always perform'd them with gravity and fervour ; as he did alio, when it was his courfe to perform prayer in the chapel. In the week-days, when he had his prayer, as we were going lorth out of his chamber, he ufually re- called i'ome one of us and then would uie thofe he 1 callt.d Archhljl:op c/' Canterbury. ^^3 called with a fair freedom -, difcourfe them kindly, encourage to flud ion Incfs, ferioufnc-rs, and diligence, or tell them of any fault he either obftrvM or heard of in them ; and thole, that defcrv'd it, he would reprove very fharply. Thus he was a very good tutor, and careful of his pupils btliaviours and manners •, had a true love for thofe of us, that he faw deport themfelves well, and was refpcftful to them ; but very fevere upon thofe, that did othervvife. As for other my obfervations concerning him* whilft I was related to him, and knew him, they are fuch as thefe, that follow : He was very religious and ferious ; pray'd much in fecret, in his bed-chamber : He ufed his voice in them, but fo as none could perceive or hear the fame, as I think, except myfelf, who kept juft over him. He feemed to be much contrite in his devotions ; and he doubtlefs read the fcriptures much, it appearing by his fermons, that he was very ready in them. He was a very attentive hearer of fermons, of if^hich in that time there was both great and good ftore, he generally hearing four every Lord's day, befides the weekly ledlure at Trinity -Church on Wed- nesdays^ which waspreach'd by a combination of the worthieft and bell preachers in the univerfity at that time, all of them Fellows of colleges. That time being a time of freedom, the mofc prevailing men were generally contra-remonllrants, and ufed to preach much upon thofe fubjecls, as Dr. Hill ^ eipecially. Mr. Tillotson heard him con- * Thomas Hill, D. D. educated at E/r.anvel-CrAhge in the univerfity of Cambridge, and incorporated a.i iVIallcr oi ar^s in thjit of Oxford on the 9th of Ju/y 1622. He was aftcrwardk Rt-aor oilichmuijh in Nortlampionj/.iie, and one of the affem- bly of Divinc-s, and at lalt Mailer of 'Trinty Lolkge in Cam- bridge, in the fooni of JJr. Ikoma; C'oMjJiiR cj^.■Oled by the . a'vithcr 384 'The Life of Dr. John Tillotson, conftantly on Lord's day mornings at St. Michael's Churchy and in the afternoons often at Trinity : But it did not appear afterwards, that he imbibed that fott of theology, but rather was plainly averfe to it. There were divers young preachers came up in thofc times, who were of a freer temper and genius ; fuch as were Mr. Samuel Jacombs Mr. Biovc, p. 3^5. roufly, without any oblique dcfigns to fcrvc hini- felf. He was very affable and convci fable, not four or fullcn, not proud or haughty, not addicled to any thing of morofenefs, alfcded gravity, or to keep at a great dillance from thofe, that were much his inferiors •, but open and free, gentle and eafy, plea- lant and amiable, to thofe efpecially, that he was acquainted with, or that he look'd upon as honed and good. His common and familiar difcourfe was witty and facetious, but very inoffenfivci not at all biting or difobliging •, nothing, that -was vain or trifling, no- thing calumniatory or reiieding upon others repu- tation, abfent or prefent, palled from him -, and even as to thofe, that dilFcrcd from him, he was fair and candid in his cenfures of them. His more grave difcourfcs were very weighty ; lie fpoke apophthegms ; was very ferious in giving good counfels, or rcfolving doubts, or recommend- ing religion and virtue. He N'ias wife and prudent in his whole deport- ment, ipeaking and acting all things with great cvcnnefs and (leadinefs, not with bluftring or teme- rity, or fo as to give juft offence to any. He un- derftood human nature well, and how ill any take it to be flighted or difrefptcled ; and therefore he was obliging to all, difobliging to none, fo far as it was pofllble. And yet this his wifdom was fo tem- per'd with uprightnefs and fincerity, that he ap- peared not in the leaVt to be crafty or defigning. He was greatly eft:eemed for his integrity, and therefore intrufted by divers great perfons in the management of their affairs and concernments j made their Exe- cutor or Trufbee for the governing of their eftates, preferving them to their children, or othervvife to fuch purpofes, as they had appointed by their wills. A3 35>8 T^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, . As he was eminent in thefe and the like homile- tical virtues, fo he was very much efleemed.for them by perfons of all ranks, efpecially by thofe of higher rank and quality. He had a mighty refped paid him in London^ and his company and conver- iation were very much defired and valued. In reference to thofe notorious differences among us upon account of Conformity and Nonconformity, I have intimated before how moderate he was: His mcderation was known unto all men ; it was his pecu- liar virtue, as it had been Bifhop Wilkins's alfo. He was naturally difpos'd to it, as I may fay, hav- ing had, as Bifliop Burnet faith, his firft educa- tion among the Puritans, even as it v/as Bifhop WiLKiNs's lot alfo, being grandfon to the famous Mr. DoD, and in his minority inftructed by him. Our Archbifliop indeed had not any near relation, fo far as I ever heard, of the fundion of a Clergy- man, that was of that perfuafion ; his father being a layman, a Clothier of good repute, living at Sowerby near Hallifax^ and reckoned to be a Puri- tan, as they were called in the time before the late wars. But as 1 have partly noted before, his foil got cut of the prejudices of his education, when but a very young man in Cambridgey divers years before the reftoration in 1660, or any profpe^l of it, when the temptation, as to the hopes of favour and preferment, lay the quite other way j and fo confequently he could not be thought to have changed his judgment in that refpecl, upon any fway or motive of advancing him.felf in temporal eoncernments ; no, but on the contrary, upon weighty reafons, when he came to be of years and capacity to Icttle his principles in religion, and to make it a matter ot choice, not of education only. And when he law caufe fo to do, he did not warp too much to the other extream, to become a bigoted zealot for the church and hierarchy, as many havq done ; Archhifiop c/ Canterbury. 399 done ; but, like a wife antl good man, made a dif- crimination, kept to what was good in tlic Puritans, their pious ftridnefi, their renunciation of the pub- lic vices of fvvearing, drunkenncfs, debauchery, li- ccntioufncfs of manners, ij^c. only rclinquilh'd their millakts, their placing too much religion in little diIlin(5lions and fingularities, and their odd averfions to the church-government, liturgy, and ceremo- nies. And moreover that, which I mainly drive at, he did not fo efpoufe the way of Conformity, as to take up fuch a hatred and abhorrence of the perfons of the Puritans, or of their party, as to ciy out againft them, as a company of hypocrites, factious villains, and a party not to be fullered, but rather to be doom'd to rocs and axes, to be puifued with the feverell punilhments, as one did, who came from that party, I'tZ. Dr. Samuel Parker in his Ecdefii^fiical polity. But cur Doflor having known many of them himfelf to have been honed and fin- cere in the main, and at the bottom, tho' milled, and held. under almoft invincible prejudices, he had a tender refpedl, and a great compalFion for them ; and therefore thought they were rather to be in- ftruiled with mecknef':, and reduc'd by gentle and fair methods to a good opinion of this church, and the orders and ccnltitutions of ir, than to be conti- nually pelted with fliarp refledlions from the pulpit, or rigoroufly dealt with by the execution of penal laws. And therefore I remember it was the coun- fel he gave myfelf in the year j66i, not to be (liarp upon that party in fermons or other difcourfes, nor to cry up the liturgy or ceremonies ; but to preach true Chritlianity, and to take heed to govern my own converfation well j *' ^ov^faidbcy good preach- *' ing and good living will gain upon people : If a '' man join thefe two, they will at length come to " like 400 T^oeLife of Dr. John Tillotson, " like his religion and his way, and fo their aver* *' fions will in time wear off.'* As to himfelf, as he did moH; eminently pradife the advice, which he gave me, fo doubtlefs he was the mofc fucccfslul man, in his endeavours this way, cf ail others in this whole church and nation -, at leaft beyond any one man, having been an inftru- ment ol reducing great numbers of Diffenters, both Prefbyterians, Independents, and Anabaptifts, into the church -, and of preferving other Diffenters, efpe- cially Nonconforming ministers, whom he could not fo far work upon as wholly to gain them, yet from being troublefome to the church, bringing them to fome temper and moderation. Yea, I think I may fay moreover with truth, that the* fome other worthy and excellent perfons of the London clergy have had their fliare in this commen- dation, yet he above all the reff, by God's bleffing, hath been the chief and prime agent to preferve the greateft part of that vaft body of the citizens o^ Lon- don from running into extravagancies againft the government of our church, upon divers unhappy emergencies and conjunctures, that have happened in the fpace of 30 years laft pafc •, his example and excellent preaching, as well as his more private way of treating with particular perfons, having been fo influential upon them. Nor hath his moderation been only beneficial to this church, but hath extended hkewife to the Re- formed churches beyond the feas. For fuch hath been the height of fome of our AHitudinarian divines, as that they have not ftuck to challenge them as be- ing no churches, for want of Epilcopal govern- ment -, as particularly that learned perfon, Mr. DoDwzLL, in his book about Scbifm, and his other book, One Priejihocd, one Allar. About which I remember, that having fome difcourfe with our late Archbilliop above ten years ago, he told me, that Mr. '^rcbl^iJJjcpofC^ntcvhuTy. 4.01 Mr. DoDWELL brought his book to himfelf to per- il ft*, before he put it into the puis, and defircd him to give him his judgment ot" it : That he freely told him his diflike of it ; and that tho' it was writ with fuch great r.ccuracy and clofc dependance of one propoficion upon another, as that it feem'd to be httle lefs than demonitration, *' fo that (faith " he) I can hardly tell you^ where it is, th.it you ** break the chain ; yet I am lure, that it is broken '* fomewhere ; tor fuch and fuch particulars are io " palpably falfe, that J wonder you do not feel the " abfurdicy of them ; they are fn grofs, and grate *' fo much upon the inward fenlV." And 1 re- member alfo, he faid, that Mr. DodwelL was run into one extreme as much as Mr. Baxter (againfl whom Mr. Dodwell's books were wrote) haJ done into the other j adding moreover, that they were much alike in their tempers and opinions in one refpedl, tho* they were mofc wide and cppofite one to another in their tenets *, namely, that both of them loved to abound in their own fenfe, and could by no means be brought off their own apprehen- fions and thoughts, but would have them to be the rule and ftandard for all other mens. Notwithftanding this his charity towards Dif- fenters, he was far from inclining towards any of their peculiar opinions or v/ays, or fo much as en- couraging them therein. Any one, that reads his fermons with underftanding, may eafily difcern it. He is fometimes pretty tart in cenfuring the hypo- crify of fome of that party j in expofing their pee- vifhnefs and faction. And as to their peculiar te- nets, he fometimes reprov'd them, and at other times refcu'd and clear'd the truth from their mi- ftakes. So that no fober or intelligent perfon can think, that he was partial towards them, though he had a great zeal to remove their preiudices, and to bring them i'uo the communion of this church. D d I know, 402 The Life of Br. John TillotsoNj I know, that Ibme of our church formerly havg not been able to endure fcarcely fo much as the word moderation in reference to the conftitutions of it : particularly, as to the ceremonies, have con- demned boih name and thing, and have look'd upon all perfons, that have gone that way, with an evil and jealous eye, as the betrayers of the church, as thofe, that deflroy its power : " for, fay " they^ the church's power lies in the appointing *' of rites and ceremonies for decency, order, and " folemnity in divine worfliip, fo as none of the " faid ceremonies be evidently contrary to fcrip- " ture, or in themfelves fuperftitious, or tend to " any immorality j and therefore take away its au- «' thority in fuch appointments, and you deflroy «' the church's power, and undermine its govern- *' ment.'* Such perfons have cenfured this great man upon this account, as no friend to this church, becaufehe declar'd himfelf freely, as willing to rel^x in fome things, rather than break the peace both of church and Hate by a too ftiff adherence to them, and impofition of them. And I remember, that foon after he had preach'd and printed a fermon on John xiii. 34, ^c,. to his countrymen, the natives oi Torkjbirey at their feaft, in the year 1678, in Winch endeavouring to perfuade the Diflenters to come into the union of this church upon this ac- count, becaufe of the great divifion, that their Handing off caufed in the bowels of it, at that time, when the Fapifts made fuch great ufe of our difien- tions towards the furthering of their defign to de- ftroy the church, root and branch, he faid to this purpofe : " I am perfuaded, that the governors of ** our church are perfons of fuch great piety and " prudence, as Chat they could be content to yield '* up fome things to the prejudices and weaknefs, " yea, even fome little things, to the importuni.- ^' ties of thofe, that are otherwife minded, for " peace- ArchhiP:op c/Canterbury. 40^ "' peace-fake, if that would do the buriticfs, yc" I fay, I remember that upon this palfage, a Doilor, tliat I was in company with, exprclfcd himfclf very much diflatisfied with it i faying, what had he to do, being but a private Docior, to undertake this without the ccnfcnt of his fuperiors r And fince than time, in the Convocation, fince their MajcfliesKing "William's and Queen Mary's accefiion to the crown, the fame accufation has been renewed againft him, that he was the head of that party, which was for altering the hturgy in compliance with the Non- conformifts, to make way tor their coming into our communion. And fo they look'd upon his mode- ration aforefaid, rather as his vice than his virtue : Sor they think the very eftablifhment of the church upon the reformation was moderate enough, and needs to make no further abatement, unlefs it were oblig'd to moderate again and again, and fo till the whole conftitution be deflroyed ; for to be fure it can never be moderated fo, but fome peevilh fpirits will clamour for further mitigations, till they have brought all to confufion. Hence this great man was look'd upon rather as an enemy to the church, than fit to be made a pillar of it. For fo 1 remember I have heard fome fay, when it was firft difcours'd, that he was to be made Archbiihop of Canterbury^ a5fiun eji de Ecclefia Anglicana. But notwithftanding thefe formidable fuggeftions againft him and his known moderation -, yet, as on the one fide, 'tis not probable, that he had any fe- cret defign againft this church, or that his temper and moderation had -any direct tendency towards its deftrudlion, or was of ill influence that way ; {o^ on the other fide, moderation in churchmen and church-governors muft be allowed to be a great vir- tue, as well as in other Chriftians. This might be fhev/ed from, the example of our Saviour, the 'A^- -/j-nc'.-j,-,]. and ' h^yj.'cT^icv.i.T:^ of it. His government D d 2 is -4C)4 ^he Life of Dr. John TillotsoN,- js compared to the tticck and gentle condiidl of S Ihepherd, which imports great moderation : His kingdom is typified in the peaceable kingdom of Solomon, which was predicted and decyphered Pfal. Ixxii. He came to eafe the church of thofe heavy burdens, which Mcfes had laid upon it ; to remove the ceremonial law, and moderate the rigour even of the moral law itfelf, and turn it into the royal law of liberty. He propofed himfelf as a pattern of great gentlenefs and condefcenfion to ecclefiaftical governors. Matt. xx. 25, 26, i^c. Now, what was this, but pra(ftifing and teaching moderation, and recommending it to all his rnini- Itcrs and ambaffadors ? And this pattern of his was followed by hisapoftles, every one of them fingly ; and even when they were met in council, their de- crees favour'd wholly of moderation, and tended to preferve peace and unity in the church : *' It " feem'd good unto us (fay they) being afTembled *' together with one accord : It feem'd good to the " Holy Ghofi: and to us, to lay upon you no greater " burden than thefe neceflary things, ^f." ABs XV. 25. which were but few, and neceffary for the peace of the church at that time : So that if we Con- fider thefe great and undoubted patterns, it appears, that moderation, gentlenefs, indulgence, and great condefcenfion, are very confiderabie virtues in church- men. Efpiecially if we add the pattern of St. Pf.tdy next to that of our Saviour, the greateft ; who propofes his own example to that purpofe •, rcen as I (fays he j j)leafe all men in all things, not feeking mine ctvn pro- ft, but the profit of many, that they may be fa'ved, I Cor. X. 33. and again at large, i Cor. ix. 19, lOi 21, 22. And efpecially it is obftrvable, how he fuffered himfelf to be perfuaded to a compliance v.ith the advice of St. James Bifliop of Jerujalcm., Atls xxi. to purify himfelf alter the Jewifij manner -, and Archhtjl^op of Canterbury. \^ o 5 and how great a zt^al he had for his countrymen the Jtvis^ of whom he bare record, that they had a zeal of God, though not according to knowledge. How defirous he was to have brought them within the church and to the faith of Chrift ; and therefore had a mighty tendernefs for them. And can it be a fault in our Archbilliop, if having been bred a- mongft Puritan?, as his adverfarics objecfl, and make his crime \ if he, I fay, had fuch a great concern tor thofe of, that way, as having known doubtlefs many of them, that he believed were honeflly and uprightly minded at the bottom, tho' carried away by a miftaken zeal .^ What if he had drained a little with the fartheft, towards gaining them into the church ? Should any condemn him for this ? Would they not after that rate cenfure even St. Paul himfelf .? I could eafily add many things more in defence of this great man's moderation •, but I will add no more than this, that I believe his fucceflbr, the now mod worthy Archbifhop, will be found to walk in much the fame way, and to tread in the fame Iteps, as well as other excellent Bifliops and worthy Prefby- ters of this church, who yet intend not the leaft to lubvert it, or to weaken ecclefiaftical authority. I have done with his charafter •, and fliall only add fomething further concerning his preaching, and then conclude with application to myfelf, which was my principal end in writing thefe memoirs. He was defervedly efteemed one of the befl:, if not rather abfolutely the very bcft, Preacher of this age •, efpecially confidering how frequent and con- llant his imployment was that way ; his fermons be- ing full of good fenfe, judicious, folid, clofe, and very intelligible \ his language mafculine, but not bombaft j his notions for the moft part very clear ; lying even to the underftandings of attentive hearers. Thole, that were duly qualified, heard him with D d 3 delight j 4o6 The Life of Dr. John TiLLOrsaNj delight-, for they thought they knew the things be^ fore-, and yet they .:^ere not obvious to common invention. Some have called him a rational Preacher, as indeed he was in the bed lenfe. He underftood human nature, and natural divinity, and true mora- lity very well ; and therefore there was fomething in the hearts and confciences of men not debauch'd, that mov'd them to give afient and confent to what he rpoke, as being agreeable, and connatural, as I may fay, to the common reafon and faculties of man- kind, to that voij.oi; 'iyf^^dTTTQ;, that law of God written and engraven upon man's heart : And there is no teaching like that of enabling them to teach them- felves. His compofuies were no jargon, or cant ; did not confift of phrafes or forms of words fuited to any fc6t, or party of men, or that had httle real matter in them. It v; as one thing, that he difliked in the Nonconformifts, that they ukd divers diftinc- tive phrafes and exprefilons, that feemed to have lome fublime meaning j when, if fearch'd to the bottom, they were fcarce fenfe, or however might be better exprcfied in more plain and intelligibis words : As when they taught men to roil upon Cbriji '', and aci faith ^ and the like ; the plain fcnfe of which is, to truft in him, and believe in him. He was a praftical preacher. His difcourfes ge- nerally aim'd, either to excite in men an awful fenfe of God, and to enkindle devotion towards him, or to ftir up to a holy, religious, and virtuous conver- lation : Which certainly is the great end of Chriftian religion, above all other religions, that are, or ever were in the world. He feldom preached controver- fies, except thofe between us and the church of Rome \ which indeed he did purpofcly, when he Huv there was an abfoiute neceffity for it by reafon of the danger * This was a favourite exprelTion of many of the old Puri- tans, founded probably on the marginal tranflation of Pf«lm XX 11. 8. zxidXXXFl'l. 5. Archbijl:cp ^/'Cantcjbury. 407 ciniiger of Popery getting the upper-hand and pre- vaihng, either by iraud, or by being forcibly thruft upon the nation. And when Jie did treat on thcfe points, he did it to purpofc, giving the Romijh te- nets each of them a kilHng blow before he left them. And as for pradicaj fubjcds, I believe thete vi^ere few remarkable texts of Scripture, cither of the Old or New Tcilament, or however few heads of pradlical divinity, but he handled them at one time or other in the courfe of his preaching. And for this reafon, fome would call him a moral preacher, as a diminution to him, as if he preach'd moral vir- tue rather than grace : But this is but a calumny upon him. He did not indeed treat upon the inex- plicable and ineffable operations of grace, as fome have taken upon them to do, but Vv^ith what good effeil I cannot tell. I'hey might have good inten- tions, I do not deny, but the eifeft has been to teach men to difpute, rather than to live j if not worfe, namely, to poiTefs mens minds wiih a kind of femi- enthufiafm, and putting them upon enquiry atter marks of eledlion in themfelves, which when they think they have difcovered, they have grown fome- thing too proud and conceited of themfelves, and defpifed others, that rhey thought had them not, and have too much negledted the duties of a good life, efpecially of love, and charity, and juftice ; it be- ing obfervable, that fuch have been generally An- ti7iomans^ thinking themfelves freed from the drift obligation to moral duties. As for this our great preacher, I dare fay, that he magnified divine grace, and taught men to pray and labour for, and make ufe of thofe affiftances thereof, which God of- fers to them, and will beftow upon thofe, that hear- tily and fincerely do fo. But then alfo he knew, that Chrifbiajis are under indifpenfable obligations to lead good lives in all refpeds, both towards God, men, and themfelves. Dd 4- To 4o8 Tloe Life of Dr. John Tillotson, To which purpofe I remember a notion he told me now above 30 years ago, viz. that Chriftianity, as to the prad:ical part ot it, was nothing elfe but the religion of nature, or pure morality "', fave only praying and making jU our addrelTes to God in the name, and through the mediation of our Saviour, and the ufc of the two facramcnts of Baptifm and the Lord's Supper ; " and, faid he, want of under- " (landing and praftifing according to this principle " hath broken tht peace of Cbrijieridom, and it can " never be reitored till this principle and notion ob- *' tain again." And if this notion be true, asl be- lieve any capable and confidering peribn, that weighs the precepts of the Gofpel, will think it is, the A:- tinomians muft both unchriftian and unman them-^ felves, while they look upon themfelves as difoblig'd from ftrid morality. So that one may fee, how ill requited he was by the Nonconformifls ior all his kindntfs and moderation towards them, while they aiKx'd fuch oblique refieiflions upon him. But how generally and univerfally his preaching was elteem'd, appeared by thofe crouds of auditors, that attended it, and efpccially of the Clergy at his Lefturcs at St. Laurence \ and many, that heard him on Sunday at Lincoln s- Inn, went joyfully to St, Laurence on Tuefday, hoping they might hear the fame fermon again. The audience generally Hood, or fat, with the greatell attention, and even waited upon his difcourfcs, hanging upon his lips. One fhould hardly fee a wandering eye among them ; and when his fermons -were ended, they went away with fatished iriinds, and glad hearts, and chearful coun- tenances. In "* This notion Is explain'd by the Archbifhop in his firfl fermon on M(itt. XI 6. near the beginning, and in tiiat on Matt. XX. 13. ampiighis poflhumous lernions in the 2d Volume of hi» Works in fol. Archbi/J:op ^Canterbury.. 409 In his expoficions of rcriptLire, he principally fol- lowed Grotil'S, oF whom 1 have liearJ him fay, th.it his /Iunctatio)is^ upon the four EvangeUlls efpe- cially, were worth their weight in gold. He had a great dexterity in expounding Icripture by fcripture, for, like Apollos, he was sanan mighty in the fcrip- tures. The Bible was his treafury, Irom whence he fetch'd not only the mutter and fbrength of his fcr- mons, but even his rhetoric and way of convincing and perfuading, as accounting the word of God quick and powerful, fharper than a two-edged Iword, piercing into the fouls, fcarrhing into the hearts, and criticifing upon the confciences and moft inward thoughts of men : And yet he was none of thofe, Lhat criticis'd upon the words and phrafes of fcripture, or ftudied to force any far-fetched inter- pretations upon them. His paraphraies or fenfmg any palTages were always very genuine, and tending to render them intelligible. The method of his fermons was generally apt and eafy, very well fitted both to the underftandings and memories of intelligent hearers ; and in handling the feveral heads, his endeavour was to make all things clear, to bring truth into open light ; and his argu- ments of perfuafion were flrong and nervous, and tended to gain the affections by the underlianding : and thofe, that heard him with attention, muft ei- ther be perfuaded to become good, or elfe they muft do violence to their beft faculties, and notorioufly a6t contrary to their own reafon. So that if, under God, his word did not fave them^ yet it would be fure to judge them, and leave them without ex- cufe. Thus, as St. Paul, he did in his preaching commend himfdf to every man's confcience in the fight of God. Such a wife, fuch an able workman did jhis great Preacher approve himfelf to be, and one, that needed 7iot to be cifoamed. And I am perfuaded, that by 410 The Life of 'Dr. John Tillotson, by God's great bleillng upon his labours, he was aii inftrument of doing as much good in his Itation and generation, as any one of his contemporaries in the facred fundion whofoever. He made nooftcntation of his learning, though 'tis well known it was very confiderable : He did not preach Christ or his Gofpel out of envy . He did not expofe other men or parties : He fought not glory of men •, but de- voted himfelf intirely to glorify and ferve God with his fpirit, in the Gofpel of his Son. His great de- fign was to make men wifely religious, and every way virtuous and good ; to have their converfations honeft, and to keep good confciences void of offence both towards God and tov/ards men. As indeed one of his main arguments to perfuade men to be good, was the teftimony of a good confcience, and the inward peace that arifes from it. Thus I have endeavoured to offer at giving a cha- racter of his temper and life, and alfo of his way and manner of preaching ; which yet I know how very fhort and ciefe6tive it is. I myfelf could have added a great deal more, very much from my own knowledge and obfervation, though, as I laid be- fore, I have fo very feldom feen or converfed with him fince I was under his tuition, that I am not one of the moll competent for the taflv. But 1 hope the public will have a full account of him from fome worthy hand, that knew him intimately, and con- vers'd long with him, and that hath been capable of making clofer obfervations, and can better decypher him than I. And if fuch a thing be done, I am perfuaded it would be a very worthy work ; would do right to his memory, and propofe an excellent pattern to all of his funftion in this and future ages. I do not believe this great man to have been ab- iblutely perfect, or wholly devoid of all faults and blemifhes : nor certainly did- he ever think fo of hinafelf -, for he had this virtue to embcUifli and grace .: all ^rcbbiJJ.'op of Osinteihvwy. 411 all bis other virtues and pericdtions, namely, to be very humble in his whole depoitment : He had no- thing of pride or taftuoulncfs, no not lb much as in his Ipint, lo far as ever appeared to me in my ftricleft obfervation ot him. He did not boaft or magnify himfelf, or lift up himfclf above his bre- thren. He was very contrite before God ; a mourner in fecret ior his own and others fins. He was meek, and lowly of heart. I will but fay only this one thing more, that upon a very ferious review upon all, that I have known by myfelf, or heard from others, that were worthy, ingenuous, and credible pcrfonSj concerning either his temper, or converfa- tion, or management of affairs, or any way in refe- rence to his funAion, I never faw or heard from fuch perlbns as before, of any falfe ftep he made ; any thing, that argued him infincere r, any thing, thac was Icandalous, or of ill report j but on the con- trary, very laudable and imitable. What fecret de- fers he might have, was known to God and him- fclf : and I believe he could fay with St. Paul, / hwdj nothing by myfelf (nothing inconfiflent with that uprightncfs, that is attainable by man in this life) yet am I not hereby jujlified. I have heard indeed, that this great man hath been libelled and rallied, and, I think, I once faw at London fome ten years ago or upward, fome forry infinuations againft him in print to that purpofe ; moft of which were falfe in my own knowledge. But this I will fay concerning this matter, that cer- tainly they, who either publicly defam'd him, or more fecretly flandered him, and fpoke evil of him, or detrafted from his worth, either diey never knew him, but only gratify'd their own and others fpite and malice againft him i or, if they did know him, they only betray'd a more devilifh nature, and pro- fecuted him with hatred, becaufe he was fo good. But, as the reverend Dean of St. PaiiVs tells, that I he 412 ^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, he having bundled up all the libels againlt him, and writ upon the oucfide, " I pray God forgive the ** authors of them j I do •, " lb I wifh the fame, and grant them repentance, that they may be for- given. I fliould have given fome defcription of the very form and lineaments ot his body ; the habitation, where his fvveet and good mind dwelt for near 6^ years. His countenance was fair and very amiable ; his face round, his eyes vivid, and his air and afpeft quick and ingenuous *, all which were the index of his excellent foul and fpirit. His hair brov/n and bufhy : he was moderately tall •, very flender and fparing in his youth ; his conftitution but tender and frail to outward appearance. He became cor- pulent and fat, when grown in age, which increafed more and more as long as he lived -, but yet was neither a burden to himfelf, nor in the leaft unfeemly to others. The vigour of his mind, and perfpica- city of his underftanding, continued to his laft fei- zure, and his knowledge and remembrance to his death, as 1 have been told : Which faid feizure v/as indeed very fudden, and foon proceeded to make an end of his life ; tho' I believe it was no furprize to himfelf, being habitually prepared for death •, a life, which had been fo beneficial to the church, and to this nation. And had God been pleafed to have prolonged it, as alfo that of our late gracious Qtieen, who foon followed after him, as (he had much reve- renced and valued him, we might have expeded to have feen and experienced greater public benefits by their conjunflion and farther concurrence for the eftablilhing of the church, and reformation of the lives and manners both of the clergy and people, and of procuring a greater union and charily among us. However their endeavours would not have been wanting, which, confidering their high wifdom and gracious good tempers, join*d with their authority, 1 one 'ArchhiJJ:op of Canterbury. 4 1 'j one might have been alnioft alTured would have prov'd lucccfstlil. But God's will is done, and we mull: all acquiefce in it without murmuring or gain- iaying, tko' we cannot but clofcly refleft upon and lament our great fins, that rendered the nation un- worthy of the longer enjoyment of fuch invaluable bleflings. Only we have reafon to hope the mercies of God are not come utterly to an end towards us, in that he hath by his gracious providence, and the great wifdom of our King and the late excellenc Queen, railed up fuch a worthy perfon to fucceed him in the Primacy ; one indeed fit to follow him, as having much of the fame temper and fpirit in him ; and I am perfuaded, he will not pulldown whac his predecefibr had in his heart to have builded up. And fo likewife praifed be God, who hath fupported and comforted the heart of our gracious King, un- der that almoft infupportable Itroke of lofing hiss Confort, the joint partner of his Throne and moft ■W'cighty burthen of government. And may the hand of the Almighty hold him faft, and his arm ftrengthen him, and make him as a polifhed fliafc in his quiver; and grant, that his heart may not fail nor be dilcouraged, until, under God, he fhall have planted righteoufnefs and peace in the earth, in thefe and other nations of Europe^ now confederate ■with him. And now I conclude thefe memoirs of this great and moft worthy perfon, with a fiiort application to myfelf He was always an example to me in his hte, though my weaknefs, and low underftanding and abilities, did not make me capable of coming near fuch a pattern in any tolerable meafure or de- gree. The efteem, the honour, the reverence, and Jove I had for him, made me conft antly to remem- ber him, to pray for him, and praife God, that he was pleafed to difpofe me under fuch a worthy tutor i and it hath been matter of forrow and regret to 4.14 ^^^ IJfeofl^r. John TillotsoI^, to me, that I too little valued fuch a bleffing whilfl I enjoy 'd it •, that I did not make the proficiency j which I might have done under his tuition, whilft I had his example before my eyes, and might have learnt more by him and from him* But this is but too common a fault, that we do not prize nor im- prove fuch bleffings, as we ought, whilft they are prefent with us. - But for many years I may truly fay, that I have moft affectionately lov*d him, and have thought many times, that I could hardly live, if he were dead -, though as to temporal matters, faving his good word, or the like, I never received any favour from him. I confefs I have fometimes requefled him to remember my fon, which he was pleasM to fay he would in due time, tho' it feems he lived not to have opportunity to do it. But I pafs that, and do not at all think it any unkind negledlof him or myfelf; nor doth hisomifTion in this rcfpedl in any degree leffen my efteem of his memory. But I fay truly that, which hath been my inward fenfe, that I after a fort lived in him : He was, under God, in my own thoughts, my crown and my joy, ' my guard, my fweet ornament ; as indeed I can- not think I am fo wife, or lb well fortified, now he is gone. But fince he is gone, and, I doubt not, to be ex- ceeding happy with God and Christ •, and being that he hath left fuch a precious memory and exam- ple to furvive him now he is dead, I ought much more to remember him, and propofe the pattern of his temper and life to my own imitation, as that, which next to that of my Saviour, and his bleffed Apoftles, I hope will moft fenfibly afteft me. Let me labour to imitate his great wifdom, his blamelefs and unfpotted life •, his humility, his meekncfs, his fweetnefs of temper, his obligingnefs, and rcadinefs to do good ; his excellent preaching, fo far as lam able i his conftancy to good principles, his mode- ration Archbijhop cf C^Xiizxhwx)\: . 415 ration and candour \ his loorenels trom the love of the world, and earthly riches ; his unwearied dili- gence in preaching, and that from fuch principles, by fuch rules, and to fuch ends, as he did. To conclude, though I have but a fhort time to live, yet God grant me for the fhort remainder of my life, that he of his mercy and jiatience fhall af" ford me, hereafter to make fome improvement of thefe memorials, which I have now fet down con- cerning him -, that fo I may attain to be one, tho* the very meaneft, of that numerous and blefled company, where his fpirit now is, thro* the merits gf my deareft Lord and Saviour. Amen, A P P E N^ 41 6 T^he Life of Dr. John Tillotsoi^^ APPENDIX. NUMBER II. I^otes uporiy and Additions to, the Life of Archhifjop TILLOTSON. PAGE 23. 1. 3. from the bottom [For he was never Capable of committing his fermons to memory.] This aflertion is probably too general^ for though Bilhop Burnet in his Funeral Jermon on the Archbifhop, p. 14. informs us, that his Grace read his fermons^ which I have always heard confirmed by thofe, who remembered him in the Pulpit •, yet in an anonymous Letter, containing fome particulars relating to him, fent to me March the 2d, 1 753, 1 have received the following account : That the writer of it was informed by Do6tor Mayna rd, his Grace's immediate fucceflbr at Lin^ eoIn*s-Inn, that he finding the Archbifhop one day in his ftudy with fome papers before him, his Grace told him, that he was looking over fome fermons, with a defign to print them : For^ faid he, when a man has a little reputation for preaching, they will be printing them, when he is dead. The Dr. obferving to him, that he was glad, that he had preferved his fermons, becaufe he always thought, that his Grace had preach'd from fliort notes only, the Archbifliop replied, that he had always written every word, be- fore he preach'd it ; but us'd to get it by heart, till he found, that it heated his head ^o much a day or two before and after he preach'd, that he was forc'd to leave it off. The Do6^or likewife acquainted the writer of the Letter to me, that Dr. Wake, at the fame time preacher at Gray^s-Inn, one day told him, that ArchhiJ}:^p o/' Canterbury. 417 that he was rcfolvcd to preach no longer without book, lince every body, even Dr. Tillotson, had now left it elf. Pape 29. 1. 14. on the Words his [Friendfliip with Dr. WiLKiNs, &c.] The anonymous Letter to me already cited in- forms me, that the writer of it had often heard it plcafantly related, tliat when i>. Wilkins propofed. Mr Tillotson to his daughter, upon her dePiring to be excus'd, he faid to her, " Betty, you fliall " have him -, for he is the beft polemical Divine " this day in England^* But upon this ftory it miy be remark'd, that Mr, Tlllotson did not appear in the world under the charader of a 'polemkal Di- I'lne^ till two years after his marriage,- which was in February 1 66^^^ his Rule of Faith, in anfwer to SARjtANTT, not being publilli'd till 1666. Page 64. 1. 29. Before the words [It was pro- bably, &c.] add ^ A difcourfe having been drawn up on occafion of fome of the paffages excepted to in the Dean's fermon, and fent to him •, he return*d them with the following letter to Mr. Baxter, the. original of which was communicared to rne by a learned Friend. June 2, 1680. " Reverend Sir, ** T Received your letter, and the papers inclofed, " _£_ vvhich having perufcd, I do now return. And " 1 cannot think myfelf tobe really much concerned " in them, bccaufe they grant all along, that the *' obligation of duty ceafeth, where there is no pro- " bability of fuccefs : and this principle is the true " ground and bottom of my affertion. So that unlefs • " upon the fame principle oppofite conclufions can *' be built, there muft be fome miilake in the rea- " foning of one fide. But whether I be really " concern'd in it or not, I have great reafon to Ee " think. 4i8 The Life of Dr. ]cmnylL^oT SON y " think, that it will generally be believed, that '♦this dilcourfe is particularly defigned againit me -, ««• and that the lame malice, which raifed fo ** groundlefs a clamour againft my late iermon, " will be very glad to find me flruck at in the odi- *' ous company of Spinosa and Mr. Hobbes, as " of the fame athciftical principles with them •, a " blow, which I lead expected, and for that reafon " fliould be very much lurprized, to receive from " your hand. I could be glad to meet with that " kindnefs and candour, which I have ever ufed ** towards others. But if that may not be, I muft " content myfelf with the confcience of having en- '-*■ deavoured to deferve well of all men, and of the " truth itfelf. I am, Sir, with great fincerity, as *' I have always been, *' Your affedionate Friend and Servant, !' Jo, TiiL-aTsoj^i." This Letter feems to have prevented the publi- cation of the difcourfe mentioned in it-, and appears to have been the chief, if not only, foundation of a flory related by Dr. Hickes% in his own manner, as a proof, that the Dean's tendernefs for the DilTent- ers Nvas much greater than for thofe of the church ; for that he made them fatisfacflion for the fcandal, which his fermon on Jojbua xxiv. 15. had given them, but would never do any thing to remove the offence given to his brethren of the church. The Dr. tells us, that he came to know this fecret by an honour- able perfon of his acquaintance, who happening to give Dr. Cox** a vifit prefently after Dr. Stilling- FLEET * Some difcourfcs, p. 49, 50. * Dr. Thomas Cox, who after having taken the degree of Dr. of Phyfic at Padua in Dec. 1641. was incorporated in it at Oxford on the 15th of OSiober 1646, and aftn wards J'cIIow of the College of Ph) ficians, and at lall Prefidcnt of it ; but was depriv'd of that in OBchcr 16H3, for being ivkiggiply in- (itnd, as Mr. Wood infornu us. Fajii Oxon. od. IL cot. 54. Archbijlop of Canterbury. 4. 1 9> rtEET had publilh'd his krmon, intidcd, The MiJ- cbief tf fcpriniitont prcach'd before the; Lord- Mayor at St. Paul'Sy on the 2d of May^ it/So, found Mr. Baxter at his Houfc vc-hemcnc;y inveighing both againlt- it and him'. *' Tiiis, adds Dr. Mickes, *' gave occafion to tliat Gentleman to ailc him, why " he was To (tvcrc upon that fcrmon, and the au- *' thor of it, and yet took no notice of another, " which was newly come out, and which he thought " had given the men of his party as much oifence, " as it did to thofe of the church oi E7',g{cnd ? IVhat *' ftnnon is that? faid Mr. Baxter. It is the *'. Dean of Canterbury?, Court fermon, faith he, ^' .wherein he tells you, that ycu mujt not affront ". the efiahhfmd religion, nor openly draw men off *' from the frofeffwn of it. Oh ! replied Mr. Bax- *'• TER, he gaz-c us great offence indeed, hut he hath *' cried, peccavi, and tnade us fatisfat'iicn. But *' your other Dean is a proud haughty man, that *' will retradl nothino-. The Gentleman havins: " finifhed his vifir, took leave of the Dr. and Mr. *' Baxter ; and the fame day called upon the *' Dean of St. Paul's, to give an account of what '' had paflcd betwixt him and Mr. Baxter •, and *' finding the Dean of Canterbury with him, told *' the ftory to them both. Upon which the Dean '* of Paul's aflced the Dean of Canterbury, And^ *' did you in good earnejl cry peccavi to Mr. Bax- " TER ? PiJJj ! replies he, widycu mind isjhat Mr, " Baxter faith? But the Dean of Paid\ not be- " ing fatistied with that evafiveanf'.ver, prefiM him ** to a categorical anfwer ; upon which hiscounte- *' nance altering, he went away in dilbrder, wich- " out any reply." What judgment is to beform'd. of the truth of the circumilances of this ftory, will appear from comparing It with the Dean of Canter- E e 2 l'ury*& ' Tslr. Baxter publilhed an Anpwer to Dr. Stilling- FLEEi's ibur^e cf ji^arailon, zX Landan in i6So, in 410, 4^0 " The Life of Br. John Tillotsom, buryh own letter to Mr. Baxter juft given, by which it is evident, that he neither cry^d peccavi •, nor had any reafon, upon being queftion'd about the affair, to go away in dijorder without any reply. P. 89. 1. II. on the words [procuring the Bible, t^c. to be printed in the IVelch language, ^c.~\ A pafTage in the Dean's fermon relating to the ftate of ^ales at that time having been excepted to, the reader will find a full vindication of it in the follow- ing letter of a very learned and worthy clergyman. "SIR, " Y N the hiflory of Wales, publifh'd by Mr, " JL William Wynne Fellow of Jefus College *' Oxford in 1697,. p. 328. there is a pafTage, '* which, as it is not a little injurious to the me- " mory of that excellent Prelate, whofe life you " are writing, may deferve a remark or two, and " is as follows : [' And here, by the bye, I cannot but obferve- * what a reverend writer has lately infiniiated, re- ' lating to the Chriftian religion planted in IVales. ' For fhat learned perfon, in his funeral fermon ' upon Mr. Gouge, would fain induce the world ' 'to believe, that Chriftianity was very corrupt and * imperfeft among the IVelcb, before it was puri-f ' fieJ by that, whom he terms apojiolical man'. ' Whereas it is notoriouQy evident, that fince the ' reformation was fettled in that country, and the ' Bible, with the book of Common-prayer, tran- * flated into the Welch tongue, no place has been * more exaft, in keeping to the ftrift rubric, and ' conftitution of the church of England ^ both as to * the fubftance and form of worfhip.*) '' lap- ArchhiJIjop of Canterbury. 42 1 *' I apprehend this matter may be placed in a ** juft hght, by the following fliorc account, which " 1 draw trom good authority. Mr. Gouge, being *' authorized by the Bifhops of our church, and hav- *' ing great encouragement from the nobility and *' gtnixy Q^ IVaks^ as well as from many perfons *' of dillindlion in England^ went into a country, " where, at that time, there was great need of " preaching, and where he found his own endea- '' vours in that way to be both acceptable and ufe- *' ful to many of the poor inhabitants, efpeciallyin ■" thofe parts, where this method of inftru6lion had *' for a Jong courfe of years been confiderably ne- " gledled. But where there was no fiich 7ued (as in ** feveral places, it is prefumed, there was not) he *' was lery well contented^ as the Preacher at his *' funeral obfcrves, to hear others perfuade men to " goodnefsj and to praSfife it himfelf. Now this *' being the cafe, I cannot but be forry to fee it " mifreprefented in thepalTage I have cited •, where *' the author not only fliews lefs refpecft, than was " due to the memory of the deceafed Archbifhop, '' hut gives his words a turn, of which they do not *' feem to be fairly capable ; as may cafily be dif- *' cerned on comparing v;hat this gentleman fays, " with what is faid in the fermon, to which he re- *' lers : Wherein I cannot find any intimation, fuch " as this writer had taught me to expe6l, that *' Chriftianity was very corrupt and imperfe^ in " IVales^ before the apDJiolical Mr. Gouge went " thither to pwrify it. I'he true reafon of his go- ** ing thither (befides his beftowing much alms *' among the people) has been given above, and is " m.ore largely difplayed in the fermon itfelf; to '* which, as far as I can fee, no juft exception can *' be made in this refpccft, by any critic, who is in- *' dined to be candid. And the account given of " the unhappy ftate of religion in IVales^ by the E e 3 '' late 422 The Life of Dr. John Tillotsott, ?^^*|jlateDr. Saunders (a very knowing and worthy "native of that principality) fully juflies the fcr- " men, and Mr. Gouge's errand. But even llip- *' pofmg (what need not, I think, be fuppofed, " or at leaft cannot be honourably inferred from ' " anything, which Dr. Tillotscn hath faid) that *' Cliriftianity was indeed corrupt in fome inftances, *' and imperfe5f in others, within that principality, " before the charitable Mr. Gouge made his jour- *' neys thither ; I do not ^cc^ that the hifl-orian has •* either dilproved the fuppofed fad, or given any *' fatisfaclory anfwer to the point, by obferving, " that the inhabitants were very exad in their ad- *' herence to the rubrics and other .conftitutions of . *' our church. The purity and perfedion of Chri- ',** ftianity doth not altogether confift in thefe •, and J;'' both may be carried farther by preaching, by r*' catechizing, by difperfing good books, andfuch " other pious methods, as were ufed by Mr. Gouge, , " when he travelled into thofe parts. So that upon '•' the v^hole, I am apt to think his charitable lar " *' bours deferved a more grateful acknowledgment, .," and the ferm.on at his funeral a lefs invidious '*' treatment, than they have met with from this " author : Of whom I fhali only fay further, that *' I cannot but wifn, he had either forborne hib cen- .*' fure upon two iuch excellent men (fince it was, "'** at leaft needlefs, which is the fofteft thing; I can '*' fay) or had delivered it in terms lefs derogatory " to characters fo juftly efteemed, and more ex- *' prefTive of that good- nature, which I am inclined " to expeft, and always glad to find, in an ancient *' Britain'' P. 176. Note (a), at the end add [The queftion, "whether perfons ordain'd by Prefbyters might be received as minifters v/ithout a new ordination or impofition of hands by dioccfan liii'hops, had been par- ArchhiJl:Qp of. Can terbury . 423 paiticuhiply confuiered at that time by the learned Mr. Francis Tallents, M. A. formerly Fellow \^i Magddlcn-Colkge 'm. Cainhridge^ and author of the Chronclogkal 'Tables^ who in a paper drawn up by him on tiaat fubjccl, when he was confulted about the comprchenfion in 1689, and of which an abllra«^ is printed in Dr. Calamv's Jcccunty p. 532 — ^^^y obfcrv'd, that perfons fo ordain'd had been for- merly, and might be admitted according to our Bifhop's principles, and ought to be fo then. Among the inilanccs under the firft head he mentions an act "paflcd 12 Charles ll. to confirm all ordain'd by Frelbytcrs from the year 1642 till that time, in their places.] P. iSr. Note (d), at the end add [But that given by Dr. Calamy is the true one j for Dr. Watjerland, in the Pojlfcript to the fecond edi- tion of his Critical Hijlory of the Athanajian Creedy printed at Cambridge in 1728, has given us the fol- lowing copy of the rubric relating to that creed, as it was fettled and finally agreed on by the commif- fioners in 1689, communicated to liim from the original books, then in the poiTeflion of Dr. Gib- son, Bifhop of L^?;;^!?//. " Upon thefe feafts, Chriftmas Day, Eafter ** Day, Afcenfion Day, Whitfunday, Trinity Sun- " day, and upon All Saints, fhall be faid atmorn- " ing-prayer by the miniiler and people llanding, " inllead of the Creed, commonly called the Apo- *' files Creed, this confefTion of our Chriftian Faith, " commonly called the Creed of St. Athanasius : '' The articles of which ought to be received and " believed as being agreeable to the holy Scrip- *' tures : And the condemning claufes are to be un- ** derflood as relating only to thofe, who obftinately *^ deny the fubftance of the Chriflian Faith."] E e 4 P. 345." 424 ^he Life of Dr. John Tillotson, P. 345. 1. 14, 15. [ufed often to declare to his fon-in-Jaw Mr. Chadwick.] The writer of an anonymous letter to me remarks upon this, " I " have heard this related by one well acquainted *' with Mr. Chadwick in the following man- " ner ; that, when Mr. Chadwick prefented *' a volume of the Archbifhop's [pofthumous] *' Sermons, the King faid to him, / have read alt *■*■ your Father'' s Works; and I will read this : He " was the heji man, that I ever knew, and the beji " Friend, that I ever had : Which words the King ** always repeated upon every like occafion." P. 363. beforethe paragraph beginning [Notlong] infert the following : The Sancftion of his Judgment occafioned the publication of a very valuable Dif- courfe, which had been fubmitted to his correftion by the Author, and of which the lad part was ad- drefs'd to him. It was printed at London in 1 682 in fol. and intitied, A View of the Soul, in feveralTra5fs. T.hefirfi being a Difcourfe of the Nature and Faculties^ the Effects and Operations, the Immortality andHap- finefs of the Soul of Man. "The fecond, a Ccrdial againfi Sorrow, or a Treatife againfl immoderate Care fur a man'^s own pojimty, and Grief for the Lofs of Children. The third confifts of fever al Ep files to the Reverend John Tillotson, D. T>. and Lean of Canterbury, tending to the farther Illuftration of the former Arguments concerning the Soul of Man, & the proof of a particular Providence over it. By a perfon of qiiality. The Publifher informs the Reader, that the Author having drawn up the two firft Tradls, and refolv'd to fubmit them to the judgment of fome other Perfon, applied himfelf for that purpofe to the Dean of Canterbury, a Perfon well known to the world, no lefs for his Integrity than accurate Judgment, who with his wonted Freedom did commu- nicate Archhijl:op ^"Canterbury. '425 nlcaie bis thoughts to him about it^ and encouraged him to proceed in his De/ign. Ihis Candour^ with luhich that judicious per/on treated him^ did at once both increafe his EJteerafor him, and induced him to think over his Arguments again, and try what he could farther add for their Confirmation and Improve- ment. 1'his by tiroes and in Jeveral ways be did pro- fecutCy and f tut his thoughts in fo many familiar Epi- files to the Dearth whom he had now made his Friend, Thde Epiltles are ten in number, containing 219 pages ; and the firfl opens with the reafon of the Author's apphcation to the Dean, tho' unknown, " not only, fays he, from a hearfay of your dear *' Judgment and courteous Difpofition to all men, *' as well Strangers as Familiars, but from a fingu- " lar opinion I had of you myfeif, that you were a " perfon of a frank and open Difcourfe, and one, *' who would plainly and roundly tell me of my '* Faults and Follies ; difcover your real opinion of *' what lay before you, and not permit and fuffer " me (a mere (Iranger) for want of Admonition, " to cherilh an impcrfedtor deform'd embryo, and *' fuch, as might cafually hereafter be born into the ** world to my Difgrace.'' APPEN- 426 The Life of Dr. John Tii^lotson, A P P 'E, 'N B':'i'-",Xi,""*- NUMBER Hi. ^ T3V3n Mifcellaneous RemarJzs on the Sermojts of Archbifdop Tillotson. By Jo h n Jo r- TiN, M. A, and ReBor of St. Dunflan's /';; the Eaft, Vol. I. Sermon XXXV. Edit. fol. THIS fermon hath been attacked by CaviU lers at home and abroad, and defended by liE Clerc in the Biblicthefiue Choifie. Vol. I. Sermon XXXVI. ' ■ that there may be room tor otiier mens tempers and humours, as well as ours : our humour mull not take up all the world. Thofe, who want this com- plaifancc, are in locitty (as one ingenioufly com- pares them) like irregular ftoncs in a building, which are full of roughnefs and corners ; they take up more room than they fill ; till they be polifli'd and made even, others cannot lie near them : {a men of fharp and perverfe humours are unfociable, till the ruggednefs and afperities of their nature be taken off. We mud not carry ourfelves infolently, or fupercilioufly, or contcmptuoufly towards others » we muft not be contumelious -, nor by deed or word, countenance or gefturc, declare hatred or contempt of others. We mud not upbraid one another with any imperfedlion, or weaknefs, or deformity ; we mufi: not peremptorily contradid others j we muft notufe to talk things difpleafing toothers, wherein their credit, or relations, or efpecially their religioa is concern'd. Josephus faith, this was one of Mo- ses's laws (it was a good one, whofe-ever it was) ?? a'AXat ttoA^.j ,!"">''• ^''^'■'^^• >y ci ^ f ^ /5^ ^ ' lib. IV. Le! no man blafpheme that^ which other nations count a God, or make their religion. Not but that every man may confute a falfe religion, and endeavour by all fair ways to convince a Jew, or Turk, or Hea- then ; but we may not reproach another man's reli- gion, or provoke any man in ordinary converfation by unfeafonable and uncivil reflections upon it : for we are with meeknefs to convince gainfayers, to re- prove men for their fins, but not to upbraid them with them. We muft give no offence to the Jew, or to the Gentile, remembring always, that the "jvrath of man doth not work the righteoufnefs of God ; and that Michael the Arch angel, when he contended with the devil, did not Irin;^ a railing accufation againfi G g him f 45© A^ermon f reach d at the him \ he did not revile him, no, not in the heat of difpute. And there is great reafon, why we fhould thus carry ourfelves towards others, becaufe we our- felves would not be contemn'd or defpis'd ; we would not have any man jeer us, or infult over us, or upbraid us, or peeviflily contradid us, or affront us by fpeaking unhandfomely of us, or of our rela- tions, or our religion. Now if we would have others to confider uS, we muft not negled them ; if we would be taken notice of for fome body, we muft not overlook others with contempt. Every thing thinks itfelf confiderable \ and there is nothing comes fooner to us, or continues longer with us, than a fenfe of our own worth ; and we judge ill of human nature, if we think another man is not as impatient of rude and uncivil ufage as we are. No- thing would be defpis'd ; a worm would not be trod upon ; nay, men do ufually over- value them- felves, and are apt to think, that they are owners of that fingular worth, which may command refpe<5t from all men ; and that every one, that pafleth by, ought to fall down, and do obeifance to them. They have Joseph's dream waking, they think all mensjheaves bow to their Jhmves ; they think every man talces notice of them, and obferves their car- riage and adions, when probably not one of a thou- fand ever took them into confideration, or afk'd who they were. Now we muft confider, that it is a hundred to one but there is a little of this vanity in us alfo, and that we do ufually look for more refped than is due. Therefore it will not be amifs, in our refpeds towards others, largiri aliquid, to give men fomething above what we think they de- ferve ; and the rather, becaufe civil refped is cheap, and cofts us nothing, and we exped from others full as much as comes to our fhare -, for it is a miftake to tliiak, that we do but righteoufly efteem our- AToniing-ExerciJ? at Cripplegate. 451 ovirfelves, and that we have no more than a jufl: value of our own worth. 2. In matters oi kindnefs and courtejles, we mull be uteiul to one another. I would have no man churliih to mc, but ready to gratify me, and do mc a kindnefs. Do I think much to be deny*d a rea- fonable favour, and doth not another lb too ? We would have all men love us, that is, bear fuch an affedion to us, that, when it falls in their way, they ihould be ready to do us a courtefy. We would not have courtefies done in a difcourteous manner, extorted by importunity, or upbraided to us after- wards. Let us like wife difpenfe favours with a li- beral hand and a chearful countenance, that men may fee, that they come from a kind heart, and a real good will. 3. In matters of charity and compaffion : If any man be in mif^ry, pity him, and help him to your power ; if any be in neceflity and want, contribute to his relief, without too fcrupulous inquiries about him •, for we would be thus dealt with ourfelves, we would not have others to harden their hearts, or fhut up their bowels of compaffion againft us. Is any man caft down .'' do not infult over him, and trample upon him ; do not look upon him with fc^n, and rejoice over him in the day of diftrefs. Res eji facra mifer j -per fens in mifery are facred^ and not to he violated. When you fee any man in cala- mity, think ye hear him fay to you with Job, / i:l/o could /peak as you do^ if your foul were in my foul's Jiead: I could heap up words againfi you^ and fhake mine head at you j but I would Jlrengthen you with my mouthy and the moving of my lips Jhould nffuage your grief , Job. xvi. 4, 5. 4. In matters o^ forbearance and forgivenefs. We ftand in need of forbearance and pardon from others, from God and men -, we fhould be loth God ihould take advantage againft us upon every provocation, G g 2 and 452 -^ Sermon f reached at the and let fly at us with a thunder-bolt every time we offend him. We would not have men ftorm and fall into pafTion with us upon every flight oceafion. I would have great allowances given to me ; I would have my ignorance, and inadvertency, and mijtakes, and prefent temper, and all occafions and provocations, and every thing confider'd. And when I have done amifs, upon acknowledgment of my fault, I would be forgiven and receiv'd to favour. Now if we would be thus dealt with, we muft bear with others : the beft men need fome grains of allowance ; nullum unquam ingenium placuit fine vent a -, no man was ever fo perfeft, fo accomplifli'd, fo unexceptionable, but there was fomething or other in his carriage, that needed pardon. Every man hath a particular humour ; we mull give fome allowance for that : every man is fubjed: to miftake, we muft allow for that too : and if a man have committed a fault, we ra aft accept of an ingenuous acknowledgment, and be ready to grant him peace. There is a ftiame and difdain in human nature of too vile a fubmiflion ; therefore we muft not bring a man too low, when ' we have him at advantage, 5. In matter q{ report, and reprefentation of other men and their aSiions. We muft not take up a rafli prejudice, or entertain a finifter apprehenfion of any upon flight grounds. Do not reprefent any man, his words or adions, at a difadvantage ; make the beft of every thing. A man*s good name is like a looking- glafs, nothing is fooner crackt, and every breath can fully it. Handle every man's reputation with the fame tendernefs thou wouldft have every man ufe towards thine. Do not flander or defame any man, or rejoice to hear other mens mifcarriages ript open -, do not account it an entertainment to cenfure and backbite all the world. 6. In matter of /ra/ zndjideliiy. Where I place a confidence, and repofe a truft, I would not be deceiv'd , Morning- Excrcifc at Crlpplegate, 453 deceivM •, I muft not deceive another, nor let any man fall, that leans upon me. If a man truft mc with the management of his biifmefs, or lodge a fecrec with me, or put his life into my power, or commit the care of his eftate or children to me after his death -, thefe are ingenuous trufts, and mufl be difcharg'd with the fame faithfulnefs we expedl from others. 7. In matter of duty and obedience. We muft give that honour to our parents, which we would expedt from our children ; and pay that reverence to mafters, which we would exa6l from our fer- vants. We muft rife up before the grey head, and give refpecfl to old age-, for let us not think, but that the change of relation and of age will have the fame effeft upon us, which it hath upon the reft of the world. It is a folly to talk, that when we are old, we fhall be pleas'd with the infolencies of youth ; when we are mafters, v/e fhall not be at all offended with the contemptuous carriage of our fer- vants i that it will not touch our hearts to have cut children undutiful and void of refpeft, to fee the fruit of our body unnatural and unkind to us. 8. In matters oi freedom and liberty^ which arc notdetermin'd by any natural or pofitive law. We muft permit as much to others, as we afTume to ourfelves ; and this is a fign of an equal and tempe- rate perfon, and one that juftly values his own under- ftanding and power. But there is nothing, wherein men ufually deal more unequally with one another, than in different opinions and pradices of religion. I account that an indifferent opinion, which good men differ about •, not that fuch an opinion is indif- ferent as to truth or error, but as to falvation or dam- nation it is not of neceffary belief By an indifferent practice in religion, I mean that, which is in its own nature neither a duty, nor a fin to do or omit. Where 1 am left free, I would not have any man ro rob me G g 3 of 4-54 A Sermon preach' d at the of my liberty, or intrench upon my freedom •, and becaufe he is fatisfied fuch a thing is lawful and fit to be done, exped I fhould do it, who think it o- therwife •, or becaufe he is confident fuch an opinion is true, be angry with me, becaufe I cannot beheve as faft as he. Now if another do ill in doing thus to me, I cannot do well in doing fo to another. And do not fay, that thou art fure thou art in the right, and he, that differs from thee, in the wrong j and therefore thou may'ft impofe upon him, though he may not upon thee. Hath not every man this confidence of his own opinion and pra6lice ? And ufually the weakeft caufc bears up with the gr.eateft confidence. Now if thou wouldft not have another, ■who is confident he is in the right, impofe upon thee, do not thou impofe upon another for all thy con- fidence. We fhould rather be modeft, and fay every one to ourfelves. How came I to he fo muchwifer than other men ? Which way came the Spirit of the Lord from fo many wife and pious men, to /peak unto me ? Is it a peculiar privilege granted to me, that I cannot be ■ mijiaken ? or are not they mofi of all mijtaken, who think they cannot mijlake ? If then I be but like other men, why fJoould I take fo much upon me, as if my iinderfanding were to be a rule, and my apprehenftons a Jiandard to the whole world ? as if when another man differs from me, I did not differ as much frcin him. M^hy may not another man underjland the thing better than I doy or what crime is it, if he underfiand it not fo well ? Were all mens underjlandings caft in the fame moidd ? Is it prefumption for any man to know more than I do, or a fin to know lefs ? Job doth well reprove this felf-conceit, Job. -an. 2, 3. His friends would needs bear him down, and were very angry with him, that he was not of their mind, and would not acknowledge all to be true of himfeh, which they faid againil him. He takes them up fliarply ; No, doubt you are the people, und wifdgm G:all die with you \ but I.kaie iinderjiandivg^ as well 4 ai Mor?2i?ig-E.\rrcife at Crippregate. 4^^ asyou^ and I am not inferior to you. — Who kncMetb not fucb things as thefe ? I.tt not any man think, that he hath ingroffed all the knowledge of the world to himfclf, but others know the fame things, which he doth, and many things better than he. g. In matters oi commerce^ and contrails which a- rife from thence. Now a contrafl is a mutual tranf- ferring of right. When I buy any thing of another, he makes over the right of fuch a commodity to me for fo much money, or other valuable thing, the right whereof I make over to him. Now in this kind of intercourfe, we are to be govern' d by this great rule. In making of contrails wc muft agere bona fide, deal honeftly and truly : in performing of contrails we muft liberare fidem, fatisfy the engage- ment we have made ; for thus we ourfelves would be dealt withal. Now if any fhall defire to be more particularly fatislied, IVhat that exa^ right eon fine fs is, which in piatter of contrc5fs ought to be obferued betwixt man and man ? I muft confcfs this is a difficult queftion, and to be handled very modeftly by fuch, as acknow- ledge themfelves unacquainted with the affairs of the world, and the neceflities of things, and the particu- lar and hidden reafons of fome kind of dealings ; for he, who is ignorant of thefe, may eafily give rules, which will not comply with the affairs of the world. He may complain of that, which cannot be otherwife, and blame fome kind of dealings, which are juftifiable from particular reafons, not obvious to any man, who is unfeen in the way of trade. Befides, there are many cafes fall under this queftion, which are very nice, but of great confe- quence ; and the greater caution and tendernefs ought to be us'd in the refolution of them, becaufe they are matters of conftant praftice, and the great- eft part of mankind are concern'd in them. Now it is a dangerous thing to miftake in thofe things, in G g 4 which 456 A Sermon preacJSd at the which many perfons are interefted, efpecially if they be things of luch a vafi: difference, as good and evil, right and wrong are : For if that be determined to be lawful, which is unlawful, men are led into fin ; if that be detcrmin'd to be unlawful, which is law- ful, men are led into a fnare. For if this determi- nation be to the prejudice of men in their callings, it is an hundred to one but common example and private intereft will make many continue in that pradlice ; and then the mifchief is this ; tho* men do that, which is lawful and right, yet they are ftag- ger*d by the authority and confidence of him, who hath determined it unlawful ; and fo have fome rc- ]u(5tancy in their confciences in the doing of it ; and this by accident becomes a great fin to them. And when upon a fick bed, or any other occafion, they come to be touch'd with the lenfe of fin, this will be matter of greater horror and affrightment to them, than a real fin, which they committed igno- rantly, and were afterwards convinc'd ot. Upon all thefe confiderations, I ought to proceed with great warinefs in the anfwering of this quefliion. Therefore I fhall content myfelf with fpeaking thofe things, which are clear and evident, tho' they be but general, rather than venture out of my depth, by defcending into particulars, and fuch things, as are out of my notice. I Ihall therefore, - I. Lay down the general rule. 2. Some propofttions^ which may tend to the ex- plication of it. 3. Some fpecial rules for the direding of our commerce and intercourfe. 1. The general rule is this, 'That, which it is not unreafonable for me to dejire to gain by a^iother, when I am to fell^ that IJhould allow another to gain by me, when I am to buy : and that, which is not unreafona- ble another Jhould gain by me^ when I am to buy, that and Monjiug-Exercifc at Cripplegate. 4^7 and no more J may gain by another, when I am to fell. 2. The fropofitwns, which I (hall lay down for the further cxphcation of this rule, are thefe : ( I .) In buying and fellings fiich a proportion of gain may be taken^ and ought to be allow' d, as is mutually and univerfally befi. And this every raan is pre- fum'd to defire, becaufe this will be certainly good for every one -, whereas if it be not univerfally good, it may be bad for any one \ if it be not mutually fo, it will be bad for me by turns. (2.) That proportion of gain, which allows area- fonable compenfation for our time, and pains, and ha- zard, is univerfally and nmtually beji. If the com- penfation be unrcafonably great, it will be bad for the buyer ; if unreafonably little, it will be bad for the feller j if equal and reafonable, it will be good for all. (3.) T'hat proportion of gain, which in common intercourfe and ufe of bargaining, among thofe^ who underfiand what they buy and fell, is generally allow* d^ ought to be efleem'd a reafonable compenfation. This is evident, becaufe the common reafon of mankind doth beft determine what is reafonable. Therefore, thofe, who fpcak of commutative jufiice, and place it in the equality of things contracted for, need ex- plaining v for value is not a thing abfolute and cer- tain, but relative and mutable. Now to fix the va- lue of things as much as may be, this rule is com- monly given, tanti unmnquodque valet, quanti vendi poteft \ every thing is worth fo much as it may be fold for : Which muft not be underftood too particularly, as if the prefent and particular appetite of the con- tradlor were to be the rule ; for every thing is not worth fo much, as any body will give for it ; but fo much, as in common intercourfe among knowing perlons it will give. For this I take for a truth, fhat in the ordinary plenty of commodities, there is an 4S^ ^ Sermon preach' d at the an ordinary and ufual price of them known to the- cnderflanding perfons of every profeflion. If I be cm in this, the matter of gain will be more uncer- tain than I thought of. (4.) A reafonable compenfation doth not conftji in an indmrjible point, but hath a certain latitude, which likewife is to he determined by the common inter- eourfe andpra^ice of men. Suppofe ten in the hun- dred be the ufual gain made of fuch a commodity, eleven the higheft, nine the loweft ; the latitude is betwixt nine and eleven. (5.) Every man engaged in a v.' ay of commerce is frefufn''d to underfiand, unlefs the contrary be evident. So that, keeping within the latitude of a lawful gain, I may ufe my fkill againft another man in driving a bargain : but if his want of fkill be evi- dent, that is, fufficiently known to me, I muft ufe Slim as I would do a child, or other unfkilful per- fOn ; that is, fairly. (6.) Where the price of things alters (as it often doth almoft in all things) no other rule can be given hut the common and market-price. There are fome things, which are fixedly certain, as coin. There I have no latitude at all ; I may not put off a piece of money for more than its value, though a perfon out of ignorance would take it for more. There are fome commodities, which in ordinary plenty, being of ordinary goodnefs, have an ufual price. Here I have but little latitude, viz. that of the market. In the rifing and falling of commodities 1 have a greater latitude ; but ufually in thefe cafes the mar- ket fets fome kind of price, unlefs I be the fole mafter of a commodity; and here the latitude is the greateft, and my own reafon and moderation muft limit me. And if any afk, why I make the market the rule ? feeing this feems to be, as if I Ihould fay. Let every man get as much as he can, for fo men in the market dt)j I anfwer, The market is ufually more Morning'Bxercife at Ciipplegate. 45-9 more reafonable than the particular appetites of men i and tho' every man be apt to get as much as he can, yet men generally have an appetite to iell, as well as to fell dear, and that checks this i and men arc brought to moderation, becaufe they are unwilling to lole cuftom : fo that he, who governs himfelf by the market-prices, not catching at particular advan- tages, feems to me to follow the fateft rule. (7.) There are fome things allowed in common in- tercourfe^ which are fo rigorous^ thai they are hardly juji^ which are rather tolerable than commendable. 1 will give one indance inftead of many : A man hath a fmall piece of ground lying within another man's eftate -, he is willing to fell, but requires (poffibly) forty or fixty years purchace, or more, according to the particular appetite of the purchafer. This feems not to be fo agreeable to this great rule of equity. I doubt not but fome advantage may be made in this cafe, and I will not fet any peremptory limits : 1 (hall only fay this in general, we Ihould fet a moderate value upon another man's appetite and convenience. (8.) It is to be feared, that fome thing very like un- tight eoufnefs is woven into the myfleries ofmoji trades \ and, like Phidias's image in Minerva's Ihield, cannot be defac'd without the ruin of it. I think this is not a groundlefs jealoufy, but the confeflion and complaint of the moft knowing and underftand- ing perfons in moft human affairs. I fhall inftance only in the flightnefs of work, the imbafing of com- modities, and fetting them off by indiredl advanta- ges. I can only bewail this ; for unlefs the world could generally be convinc'd of this, it is not like to be amended. Perfedlion is not to be look'd for in this imperfect ftate j we muft be content, if things are paffable. (9.) Never thelefs we ought to afpire after a? great a degree of right eoufnefs and equity, as the condition of human 460 A Sermon preach' d at the human affairs will admit. We fhould bend all our endeavours to the bettering of the world, and not only avoid all unrighteoulnefs, but draw back, as much as in us lies, from the indirefl practices of the world, and from all appearance of unrighteoufnefs, 3 . The more particular rules are thefe : (i.) Impoje upon no man's ignorance or unJkiljuU vefs. Thou mayft fet a jufl: value upon thine own commodity, but not a price upon another man's head. I mean, thou mayft not rate a man's want of underftanding, or fet a tax upon his ignorance : therefore take no advantage of children, or any otlier incompetent perfons ; and do not only ufe them with juftice, but with ingenuity, as thofe, that repofe a truft in you, and caft themfelves upon your equity. And here are fome queftions to be refolv'd. Queft. I. If a man he otherwife Jkilful in his cal' ilngy may not I take advantage of his ignorance of a particular circumjtance^ wherein the contraEi is con- £ern*d ? Anfw. I will tell you how Tully refolves this in a particular cafe : " A man, fays he, brings a " ITiip of corn from Alexandria to DeOfficits, « Rhodes, in a time of great famine : *' he may have what price he will ; *' he knows of a great many more fhips, that will *' be there next day : may he conceal this from the *' Rhodians ?'* He determines peremptorily he may not. If we will be worfe than heathens — I fay no more. Queft 2. But may we not take advantage of the igjioraftce of the feller, thd* not of the buyer ? The difference is, he, that otfers to fell any thing at fuch a price, is willing fo to part with it : now there is no wrong done to him that is willing. I anfwer, A man is fo far willing, as he is know- ing: Aristotle tells us, that ignorance is a fort of unwil' AIonjifig-Exerdfe at Cripplegate. 461 unwillingnefs. If a man out of forgctfulnefs, or want of confidcration, or fufficient iinderftunding of his own calling, miftake himfelf, I may not make a prize of this man's weaknefs : for he is only willing to fell it fo upon fuppofition he renumbers right, and underftands himfelf aright ; but the thing be- ing really worth more, he is abfolutcly unwilling, and I am injurious to him in taking advantage. Queft. 3. May I not fell fecret faults and vices in a commodity ? Anfw. If the faults be fuch, as men take for granted do often happen, and notwithftanding them they do not account any man to have deceiv'd them, then they are faults pardon'd by common confent-, but if they be fuch, as I am griev'd at, and think myfelf not fairly dealt withal, when they happen, then fome think it is enough to allow for them in the price. But I think Tully hath determin'd it better : Ne quid omnino quod venditor novit, emptor ignoret^ 'That the buyer *^' * * ^* fhould not be left ignorant of any things that the feller knows. And this feems reafonable, for I know not but another man may value thole faults higher than I do -, however it is not fo fair for me to make an- other man's bargain. (2.) Impofe upon no man's neceffity. If a man muft needs buy now, or of thee, becaufe none elfe is near, make no advantage of this. (3.) When God^s providence hath put into thy hands fome great opportunity and advantage (as by the inter- vention of fome un?xpe6led law, by a fudden war or peace betwixt nations, or by fome other cafualty) do not fir etch it to the utmoji. Fortunam reverent er habe •, ufe this providential advantage modeflly ; con- fidering that he, whofe blefiing gave thee this op- portunity, can blafl thee a thoufand ways. (4.) tffe plainnefs in all your dealings. This the Roman laws call'd, bona fide agere. Do nor difpa- rage 4^ 2 A Sermon preach' d at the rage another man's commodity, or raife your own befides truth ; this is finful. Do not infinuate a commendation ®r difparagement indireflly, thereby to lead a man into an error, that you may draw on a bargain the more eafily. Do not (as your phrafe is) alk or bid much out of the way ; for if this be not fimply unlawful, yet it doth not become an honeft man. We commend the Qiiakers, becaufe they are at a word in all their deahngs : we would be loth not to be counted as good chriftians as they are. Let us then do as good things as they do, efpecially when we account thofe things praife- worthy •, and I am fure this is no ways contrary to juftice, and honefty, and truth. I know nothing, that gives fo real a reputation to that fed as this practice : And would it not adorn thofe, who ac- count themfelves the more fober chriftians ? If we praife this in others, let us praftife it in ourfelves. We are apt to value ourfelves much by our or- thodox judgments •, but let us take heed, that feda- ries do not confute us by their orthodox lives. For the fake of religion, next to your confciences, in all your dealings tender your reputation : For quod confcientia eft apud Deum, idfama eft apiid homines : That which confcience is in reference to God, that our reputation is in refpe£i of men. (5.) In matters of vanity and fancy y and things^ which have no certain eftimation, ufe moderation ; and fo much the rather, becaufe in thefe thou art left to be thy own judge. (6.) Do not go to the utmoft of things lawful. He, that will always walk upon the brink, is in great danger of tailing down : He, that will do the utmoft of what he may, will fome time or other be tempted to what he ftiould not ; for it is a fhort and eafy paflage from the utmoft limits of what is lawful, to what is evil and unlawful. Therefore in that latitude, which you have of gain, ufe favour towards the poor AIorn'uig'ExcrciJl' at Cripplegate. 463 foor and necejjitous^ i7igemiity towards the ignorant and unjjtilful, and moderation towards all men. (7.) JVbere you hai'c any doubt about the equity of dealings, cbufe you the fafefi part, and that, which will certainly bring you peace. For not only a good confcience, but a quiet confcience is to be valuM above gain. Therefore in matters of duty do the moft i in matters of privilege and divifions of right, and proportions of gain, where there is any doubt, chufe the leaft, for this is always fafe. Thus I have laid down the rule and explain'd it, and have given as particular directions, as I could fafely adventure to do. I muft now have it to every man to apply it more particularly to himfelf, and to deal faithfully with his own confcience in the ufe of it. Circumftances, which vary cafes, arc infinite ; therefore, when all is done, much mufl: be left to the equity and chancery of our own brealts, I have not told you how much in the pound you may gain, and no more ; nor can I. A man may make a greater gain, at one time than another, of the fame thing ; he may take thofe advantages, which the change of things and the providence of God gives him, ufing them moderately. A man may take more of fome perfons than of others ; provided a man ufe all men righteoufly, he may ufe fome favourably. But I have on purpofe for- borne to defcend to too many particularities ; among other reafons, for the fake of Sir Thomas More's obfervation concerning the Cafuifts of his time, who, he faith, by their too particular refolutions of cafes, did not teach men nonpeccare, mt to Jin, but did fhew them, quam prope ad peccatum liceat acce- dere fine peccato -, how near men might co',m to fin^ and yet not fin » The ufes, I fhall make of all this, are thefe two : USE 464 A Sernion preach' d at the U S E I, Let us not revenge ourfehes. The rule is not, we lliould do to others, as they do to us ; but as we would have them to do to us ; as if it were on purpofe to prevent revenge. St. Luke forbids re- venge from this rule, Luke v'l. 31, 32. For if you love them, that love you^ &C. but Jove your enemies. Revenge is the greateft offence againft this rule ; for he, that revengeth an injury, hath receiv'd one j he, that has receiv'd one, knows bed what that is, which he would not have another to do to him. The na- ture of evil and injury is better known to the pa- tient than to the agent. Men know better what they fufFer, than what they do ; he, that is injured, feels it, and knov>^s how grievous it is; and will he do that to another ? U S E 2. Let me prefs this rule upon you : Live by it ; in all your carriage and dealings with men, let it be prefent to you. Afk yourfelves upon every occa- fion, " would I, that another Ihould deal thus with " me, and carry himfelf thus towards me ?" But I Ihall prefs this chiefly as to juftice and righteouf- nefs in our commerce. It is faid, that Latfipndtus. Severus the empctor caus'd this rule to be written upon his palace, and in all public places. Let it be written upon our houfes, and fhops, and exchanges. This exhortation is not al- together improper for this auditory. You, that frequent thefe exercifes, feem to have a good fenfe of that part of reiigion, which is contain'd in the firft table. Do not, by your violations of the fe- cond, mar your obedience to the firft : Do not prove yourfelves hypocrites in the firft tables by be- ing wicked in the fecond. Give not the world juft caufe to fay, that you are ungodly, becaufe they find 1 Mornwg-Exercife ^/ Crlpplegate. 46^ find you to be unrighteous'; but manifeil your kvf to Cod, whom yen have not fcen^ by ycur,Vj^ to your brothiv^ ivhomyou have fern : And if any man wrong his brotlicr, he Cannot love him. Do not rejecft or defpife this exhortation, under the contemptuous name of morality. Our Saviour tells us, this is a chief part of that, which hath ever been accounted religion in the world. // is the law and the prophets \ and he, by enjoining it, hath adopted it into Chri- Itianity, and made it gofpel. We Ihould hav^ an efptcial love to this pucept, not only, as' it is the di(5t-..te of nature, and the law of Moses ; not only as it is a Jewifli and Gentile principle, but as it is of the hiuficldcf faith. When the young-man told.. Chrift, that he had kept the ccoimandmcnts from his youth, it is faid, Jefus loved him \ Mark x, 20, 21. Wherever we have learnt to At{<^\i^ morality^ Jefus loved it. When I read the heathen writers, efpe- ciaily TuLLY and Seneca, and take notice, v;hat precepts of morality and hvv^s of kindnefs are every where in dieir writings, T am ready to fall in love with them. How fhould it make our blood rife in many of our faces, who are Chriftians, to hear with what fl:ri(5lnefs Tully ■^''^' ' * ^* determines cafes of confcience, and how generoufly he fpcaks of equity and juftice towards all men ? Societatis arcliJfLinum vinculum eft magis arbilrari ejj'i contra naturam, hominem homini detrahere fiii ccrti- modi caufa, quam omnia incc:mnoda fubire : This is the Jlrongeft bond of fociety^ to account it to be 'more againft nature for any man to wrong another for his own a.d- vantage, than to undergo the great eft inconveniencies. And again •, non enim mihi eft vita mea utilior, qimm animi talis affe5ius, neminem ut violem ccmmodi mci gratia : Nor is my life more dear and profitable to me, than fuck a temper and difpofition of mind, as that I would not wrong any man for my own advantage. Again, tollcndum eft in rebus ccntrahcndis cmne men- H h djcium : 466 A Sermon preach' d at the dacium : No kind of lying mujl he ufed in har^aining. And to mention no more ; nee ut emat melius ^ nee ut vendat quicquam^ fimulahit au dijjimulabit vir bo- nus : A good man will not counterfeit or conceal any things that he may buy the cheaper ^ or fell the dearer. And yet further to check our pronenefs to defpife moral righteoufnefs, I cannot but mention an excel- lent paflage to this purpofe, which I have met with j^ jj in a learned man of our own nation: 'Two things^ faith he, make up a Chriftian^ a true faith ^ and an honefi converfation ; and though the former ufually gives us the title, the latter is thefurer. For true prof ejfion, without an honefi converfation, not only faves not, but increafeth our weight ofpunifhment : but a good life, without true profeffion, though it brings us not to heaven, yet it leffens the meafure of our judgment : So that a moral man, fo call'd, is a Chrijlian by the furer fide. And afterwards ; / con- fefs, faith he, / have not yet made that proficiency in the fchools of our age, as that 1 could fee, why the fecond table, and the a5ls of it, are not as properly the parts of religion and Chriflianity, as the a^s and cbfervation of the fir ft. If I miftake, then it is St, James, that hath abused me ; for he, defcribing reli- gion by its proper aots, tells us, that pure religion^ and undefiled before God and the Father is this, to vifit the fatherlefs and widows in their affli£iion, and to keep himfclf unfpotted from the world : So that that thing, which in an efpecial refind dialeSl of the new Chrifiian language, fignifies nothing but morality and civility, that in the language of the Holy Ghojl im- ports true religion. Mark xxi. ^^, 34. When the Scribe told Chrift, that to love God with all the heart, &c. and our neighbour as ourfelves, was more than whole burnt offerings and jacrijices ; it is laid, when Jefus faWy that he anfwer'd difcreetly, he faid unto him, thou art not far from the kingdom of God. They, that would have a religion without moral righteouf- nefs. Mormng'Exerdfe at Cripplcgatc. 467 nefs, talk indifcrectly, and are farther from the kingdom of God than a mere moral man. If we negle<5t this part of religion, we difparage the Gof- peT, and abufe our profeflion ; we are but pretend- ers to Chriftianity. Plutarch fpeaks fomewhere to this purpofe : " He had rather pofterity fhould " fay, there was never fuch a man as Plutarch^ " than that he was a vicious, a cruel, or unjult " man." I had rather a man fhould not call him- i<^\i a Chriftian, that he (hould renounce his title, than that by his life and aflions he fhould reprefent Chriftians to the world as opprefibrs, as unjuft and treacherous dealers. If men will only ufe religioa to cover their unrighteoufntfs, I had rather they would put off their cloaks, and be knaves inqucrpOy that every body may know them, than that they fhould go like highway- men in vizards and difguifeSj only that they may rob honeft men the more fe- curely. And to move you to the pradice of this rule, I fhall only offer to you one confideration, but which hath fo much weight in it, that it may be inffead of many : As you deal wish others, fo ye Jhall he dealt with. With what meafure you meet to others, it fhall be meafur'd to you, is a proverbial fpeech often us'd by our Saviour, and which one time or other you will find to be very fignificant. God doth many times by his providence order things fo, that in this life mens unrighteoufnefs returns upon their own heads, and their violent dealing upon their own pates. There is a divine Ne?nejisy which brings our iniquities upon ourfelves. No man hath any vice or humour alone, but it may be match*d in the world, either in its own kind, or in another. If a man be cruel and infolent, a Bajazet Jhall meet with a Tamerlane : if a man delight to jeer and abufe others, no man hath fo good a wit, but another hath as good a memory ; he will remember it to re- H h 2 venge 468 A Sermon preached at the venge it. He, that makes a trade of deceiving and cozening others, doth but teach others to cozen him ; and there are but few mafters in any kind, but are out-done by fome of their fcholars. But however we may efcape the hands of men, how fhall we efcape our own confciences, either trouble of confcience in this Hfe, or the worm of confcience in the next ? How fball we efcape the hands of the living God ? How ihail we efcape the damnation of hell ? I ^heff. iv. 6. Let no man go beyond^ or de- fraud his brother in any matter, for God is the avenger of all fuch. He will take their caufe into his own hands, and render to us according to our cruel and fraudulent dealing with others : Matt.xvm. ^^. So likewife fhall your heavenly Father do alfo untoyou^ i&c. What our Saviour faith, M^//, xix. 29. that there is no man, that denies himfelf in houfes or lands, i^c. for Christ's fake and the Gofpei's, but (hall receive in this life a hundred fold, and in the world to come everlafting life, is true alfo here. There is no man, that is injurious to his brother, in houfes, or lands, or good name, or any other thing, but fliall probably receive in this world a hundred fold ; however, without repentance, in the world to come everlalting mifcry. In the next world men will find, that they have but impo- verifh'd themfclves by their ill gotten wealth, and hcap'd up for themfelves treafures of wrath. Read thole words, and tremble at them, Jam. v. 1,2, 3, 4, 5. Go to now, ye rich men, weep and howl, for your mifery faall come upon you, &c. Let us then be perfuaded, as we love God, whom we have not feen, as we love the Gofpe!, which we read and hear every day, and would pre- ferve the reputation of it; as wc would better the world, and the condition of mankind ; as we love ourfelves, and our own peace and happinefs -, to deal juilly and equally with all men. I'ill we come 4 to Morning-Excrcifc at Crlpplegate. 469 to live by this rule of equity, we can never hope to fee the world a quiet habitation. But if this were pradis'd among us, then g!ory would dwell in our land ; mercy and truth ^'^'^ l^^v-. would meet together ; right eoiifnejs and 9. 10. »i> »2, -peace would kifs each other : truth would fpying out of the earth, and righteoufnefs would look down from heaven : yea, the Lord would give that, which is good, and our land would yield her increafe ; righteoufnefs would go before him^ and fet us in the way of hisfieps. 9-^f^ #.^ A.)!) Hhj INDEX: ( III ) I N D E X. A. DDISON (Jo/eph) mark'd the phrafes of the fer- mons publifh'd by Archbifhop lillotfon, as a foun- dation of an EvgUJh didionary projected by him, 338. Aldrich (Dr. Henry) l3ean of Chriji-Church, appointed a member of the ecclefiaftical commiffion, 168. withdraws from it. 173' 177. Andrews (Dr. Lancelot) Bifhop of Wincheftcr, introduces a vicious tafle into the pulpit feveral years before the death of Queen Elizabeth, 2 1 . AsTELL (Mary) her remarks on Archbifhop Tillotfon*^ doflrine of the fatisfadlion, 3155. Atterbury (Dr. Lewis) his vindication of Archbifhop Til' lotfon^ fermons againft Popery, 3 1; i . Austen (John) anfwers TUlot/on& Rule of fuiih, 36. fome account of him, ibid. B. Barbpyrac (Monf.) tranflates Archbifhop Tillotfon% fermons into Frenchy 359. Barker (Dr. Ralph) preaches the confecration-fermon of Archbifhop Tillotfon, 24.1, 242. publifhes the polthumous fer- mons of Archbifhop Tillotfm, 350. Barrow {Y^x. Ifaac) leaves his manufcripts to Tillotfon, 52. his Treutife of the Pope's fupremacy pubiifhed, ibid, his fer- mons publifhed, 99, 100. Basset (Mr.) the fuppofed author oi tixo letters, and SLmindica- tion of them, coKcerning alterations in the liturgs, 194. Bates (Dr. IVilliam) concerned in a fcheme for a comprehen- sion, 42, 43. ufes his interell with Dr. TUlctfon in favour of Bifhop Crenv, 138. his fpeech to King William and Queen Mary, 1 56. efleem'd by JDr. ^ftUotfon for his learning and good temper, 16, 387. Baxter (Richard) concern'd In a treaty for a comprehenfion, 43. charafter of him by Archbifliop 'Tillotfcn^ 4c 1. letter to ^iih ifojn Archbiihop lillotjouy 417. 4 BfiARp- I D E E X. Beardmore (John) his memorials of ArchbiDiop TilloifoHt 381 l^fiqq. Berkley (Lady Henrietta) feducM by her brother-in-law. Ford Lord Grey, 91. letter to her from TUlotfon on that oc- cafion, 92. feme account of her after that misfortune, 9;, 94. Bernard (Monf.) his chara^iCr of Archbilhop T///o//fln's fer- mons, 358. Beau SOB RE (Monf.) tranflates Archbilhop TUlotfon i fermons on repentance into French, 3^9. Birch (Dr. Peter) educated a Pre/by terian, affefts to diftinguifh himfelf for his zeal for the church, 3. made Prebendary of Wejiminjier by the interelt of the Marquis of HalUfax, 205. Blackwell {Anthony) takes his examples of beautiful figures from Archbilhop Tillot/ons works, 338. Blythe (Dr ) Mi^Ler oi Clare-Hall i his tellimony concern- ing 'Tillotfon'% behaviour there, 19. Bradford (Bifhop) feme account of him, 350, 373. Bramhall (Archbifhop) his manner of receiving iomt Scots Prefljyters into the church, 176. Bridgeman (Sir Orlando) Lord- Keeper, propofes a treaty of comprehenfion, 42. Bright (Dr. George) fome account of him, 384. Note ''. Browne {^'\i7bcmai) a paffage in his Religio Medki alluded to by TUlotfon, 432. Bull (George) Bifhop of St. David's; aVrehend of Glocefer procur'd for him by the interefl of lillotfon, 53. made Bi- fliop of St. Dan.'id's, 232. Burnet (Bifliop^ fubmics his manufcript o^\.)\tHif}oryofthe Reformation to Tillotfon, 59. attends upon Lord i?«^/ before his LordCiip's death, 102. ^ pqq. made Bifliop of 5fl///Z«r)', 162. oppofes the mixing laymen in the commiflion for a com- prehension, ibid, converfation between him and the Marquis of Hallifax, 165. a member of the ecclefiaftical commifiion, 167. his fhare in the review of the liturgy, 17:;. the chief manager of the conference with the lower houfe of convoca- tion, I 89. vindicated from having a view to the Archbilhopric, 202. letters to him from Archbilhop TUlotfon, 264, 266, 303, 3 1 4. preaches the funeral fermon of Archbilhop TUlotfon, 3 1 6. his account of a fcheme of the Archbilhop for a new book of Homilies, 365, ^ feqq. Burnet (Dr, Thomas) fome account of him, 254. Burton (Dr. Hiztkiah) engag'd in a treaty for a comprehen- fion, 41. made Rec\or of .fiffrnw, 1 1 6. fome account of him, ibid. C. Calamy (Mr. Edmund) depriv'd by the aft of uniformity of the living of St, Mary Aldermanhury, 2?. diverted by his wife from taking the Bilhopric of Litchfild, 388. Hh4 Chao) / N: D E X Chadwicke (James) Efq; married Mary, the daughter of Dr. Tillotfor,, 125 his behaviour npprov'd of by the Archbi- ftiop, 251. his death, 347. his children by Archbiihop ?z7- lotfm\ daughter, 349. CriiLLiNcvvORTH (Mr.) his work falls into the hands of Arch- bifhop lillotfon, 5. Characltr of it by the Archbifr.op, 6. rank'd among the Latitudinarians, 327. ClarksON ( Du'vid) B. D. tutor to Archbifhop Tillotfor, 4. and 381. his writings and character, ^. Colchester (Siv DuncoP^bJ an example of a thorough refor- mation, 72. Note^ Co LET (Dr. John) Dean of St. PauPj, has one fermon Hill extant not contemptible for ftyle or argument, 20. Collier (Jer-) treats Archbifiiop T/7/5//o« with great bitter- nefs, 344. Col loins' ( AKthony) his commendation of Archbifaop Tillotfonf 535- Comber (Dr. Thormi) dedicates his hxlci Difcourfe upon the Offices of Baptijm, Sec. to Dean Tillo'fon, 48. made Deaa oi Durham hy the intereft of Archbifhop T;7/i5//j//, 378. writes an anfwer to Great Britain's juil: complaint, ibid. Comprehension : Propos'd by the Lord Keepe.- BtiJgetnan, and couiitenanc'd by Lord Chief Baron Hale, 42. attempted again after the revolution, 156. hiflory of the progrefs of that fcl.eme, 152. i^ fqq., books publilh'd for and againft it, \^l.lsffeqq. CoMPTON (L)r. Hevry) Eifliop of Lor.dor. ; fome account of him, 185. the fecret caufe of the oppofition to the election of Til- lotfon for piolocutor, and the clamour raii'd, on his account, in the convocation, 184. and 222. diftppointed of the Arch- biihopric, 186. recommends moderation in his fpeech to the lower houfe of convocation, 187. CoNANT (John) fome account of him, 299, Convocation in i6S8, proceedings of it, 183. ^ feqq. cos IN (Eiihop) his letter concerning the Archbifhop oi Spalato and bifhop Qveral, 170. Cr ADOCK (Samuel) B. D. his difcourfe concerning the oaths taken at either of the univerfities upon taking a degree, 271. Note *. his harmony of the Four E^jangelifn preferv'd from the fire of London by Dr. Tillotfon, 363. Cpadock [Dx Zacharx) -J i dot fort's Rule of faith, falfely faid to have been borrow'd from that divine's difcourfe, 36. elefled Provoft oi Eton, 82. fome account of him, 85. Cr EL LI us (Samuel) a deicciidaiit of the famous Socinian writer, jalMed Arctibilhop ^liilotfin Ircm bring a Socinian, 426. . , Crew ('Dr. Nathaniel) Bifhop of Durham; fome account of him, 137. CurWORTH INDEX. CnDWORTH {Dr. Ralph) Mafter o{ ChriJl's-CoUege in Cam- briJie, 6. maile Prebendary of Gioucejler by t)ic Lord- Chancellor Fhi.h, 54. recommends Mr. Zachary Cradock to Secretary Thurloey 83. D. D'Albiac (Monf.) tranflates two volumes of Archbifhop Til- lotfons fermons into French, 358. Denton (John) his letter concerning 77//'z's behaviour at Clate-HalL 1 1 . Note '^. fomc account of him, ibid, note (c). DiOGOMS (Mr.) perfuaded by Mr. billot fan to leave his eltate to Clare-Hall, 16, l%7. DoDWE LL, his letter to Archbidiop Tillotfon, 246. remark of TiilotJ'on on his book on Schifm, and his One prlejlhood, $ne altar y 401. character of him by Archbilhop Tillotfon, ibid. Donne (Dr. John) Dean of St. Paurs; all his wit and learn- ing cannot lecure his fermons from univerfal negleft, 21. Vrescher of Lificoln''s-I/in, 27. his charadler, ibid. DowNEs ('Theophilus) Author of the Preface to Hereditary Right iiferted, 317, Note ". Dryden (John) own'd, that his talent for Ettglijh profe was owing to his often reading Archbifhop Tillotfon''% writings, 337. E. Ecclesiastical Commission, 166. proceedings in it, 173. EcHARD (Laurence) his account of the rife of Tillotfon''^ intereft with the Pririce and Princefs of Orange examin'd, 4.9. forms a volume of maxims out of the writings of Archbifliop 7}/- lotfon,. 356. Edwards (Dr. John) attacks Archbifliop Tillotfon'i writings, 336- ... Episcopius (Simon) his writmgs contributed to the forming of fome of the greateit Englijh Divines in the laft age, 219. treats the queftion concerning the eternity of Hell-torments in the fame manner with TiilotJ'on, 220. F. Fell {Jix.John) Biflicp of Ox/o/v/, his charafter, 95. Felton (Dr. Henry) his charader of Archbifliop Tillotfort% ftyle, 338. Finch {Heneage) Earl of Nottingham, Lord-Chancellor, de- volves ihe province of inquiring into the charadlers of thofe Divines, who were candidates for preferment, upon his Chap- lain Dr. John Sharp, afterwards Archbifliop of Tork, 39. gives a Prebend of Gloucejier to ^r. George Bull, 53. and another to Dr. Ralph Cudnvorth, 54. Finch [Leopold-William) made Prebendary of Ga«/^r^»ry, 204. fome account of him, ibid. Note ' . FiRMiN {Thomas) fome account of him, 292. Fisher INDEX, Fisher (Dr. John) Bifhop of Rochejler, has a few fermons ex. tant, not contemptible for their ilyle or argument, 20, 21. FowLEK (Dr. Edward) BiQiop of Glocepr, a friend of Mr. Thomas Firmin, whom he attends at his death, 294. pub- Ufhes a deferxe of the Latitudinarian divines, 328. Frankland {.Richard) a Non-conformili, profecuted for keep- ing an academy, 270. Freeman (Dr. Samuel) chara£ler of him by Tillotfon, 210. known to King WiBamy while Prince of Qrangty ibid, ac- count of him, 212. French (Dr. Peter) Canon of Chrifl-Church i his daughter Elizabeth, by Rehina, filter of Oliver Crofmuell, married to Tillot/oTry 29. G. Gataker (Thomas) preacher of Linco/n's-hn, 26. Geddes (Dr. Michael) Tome account of him, 306, 3©7. Gouge (Thomas) his funeral fermon preach'd by Tillotfon, 88. his charader, 89. GouRviLLE (Ndonf ) his remark upon YiAng James IPs violent and imprudent zeal for the eltablilhment of Popery in England^ Greenfield (Thomas) the immediate predecelTor of Mr. Tillotfon as preacher of Lincoln' s-hin, 27. Gretton (Philip) defends Archbifhop Tillotfon againft Cor- nelius Nary, a Popifh Priefl, 352, 353. Grey ( Ford horA) feduces his filter-in-law Lady Henrietta Berkley, 91. fome account of him. 94. Grotius (Hugo) his annotations faid by Dr. Tillotfon to be worth their weight in gold, 409. Gunning (Dr. Peter) Bifliop of Ely, ejected from his Fel- lowfhip of Clare-Hall, 9. procures Mr. Tillotjon to be ejefted fiom his Fellowfhip of CAjr^- Ha//, 18, 386. H. Hacket (John) Bifhop of Litchfield: his fermons before the Rertoration attended by Mr. Tillotfon, 16,387. highly com- mends Mr. Tillotfon % fermon, intided. The ix:ifdom of being religious, 39 J . complains, that Mr. Tillotfon was fallen in with Dr. Wilkins, and become a Prefbyterian, ibid. Hacket (Dr. Thomas) account of him, 25. deprived of his Bidiopric of Do^n, 246. Hale (Sir Mattheiv) countenances a treaty for a comprehen- fion, 42. his death, 47. his charafler, ibid. Hales (John) of Eton-Ctllege : his fermons fcarce ever read by the moft zealous admirers of his other writings, 21. Hall (Dr. Jofeph) Bidiop of Exeten his fermons inferior to hii other compofitions, 21. Hall (Dr. George) Bifiiop of Chef er, dies of a wound received by a knife in his pocket in a fall, 38. H ALLEY (Edmund) account of him, 79, 80. Harbin INDEX, Harbin (Mr.) the real author of Hereditary Right afflrteJt ^ijt Note". Hartclifke (John) feme account of him, 239, 240. Hawkins (Dr.) Chaplain of the Tawer, made Dean of Chi- chtfitr, 75. HiCKEs (Dr. George) his Some Difcourfes full of virulence and falfity, 8. attajcks the behaviour of Archbilhop Tillotfon at the nnivcrfuy, ibid, his charges confuted, 9. iff feqq. his brother John Hicka, a Nonconformift Miniller, executed for being in A/o«OT(7:^//^'s rebellion, ii;. charges Ti/Jot/ons fermon on Jojhua xxiv. i;. with hlobbifm, 60. attacks B'l^o^ Burnetii funeral fermon on Archbilhop Tillotfon, 317. hopes, that Archbilhop Tillotfon f> pattern of preaching will not be fol- io w'd, 337. HiCGONs (Bfvil) revives the calumnies againft Archbilhop Tillotfon, 318, Sind /Iqq. Hill [Dr. Thomas ) hl^^^v oi Trinity-College Cambridge, 383. and note •* . HoADLY (Dr. Benjamin) Wifho'p of Winchefler, his charafter and vindication of Archbilhop Tillotfon, 331;. note •* HoBBS (Dr.) letter to him from Dean Sherlock, 346. HoDY (Dr. Humphry) Chaplain to Archbilhop Tj7/flif/e», 375,' fome account of him, ibid. HoLDCRAi'T (Thomas) chamber-fellow of Archbilhop Tillotfon at Clare-Hall, 5. Ho.MiLiEs, to be confider'd as a condefcenfion to the capa- cities of the common people, 21. HooKE (Robert) created dodor of phyfic by Archbilhop Til- lotfon, 377. Hooker (Richard) did honour to the reign of Queen Eliza- beth, as a preacher, 2 1 . HoRNECK (Dr. Anthony) the parilh of Cwent-Garden averfe to him, 209. account of him, 213. Howe (John) expoftulates with Tillotfon upon fome paffages in his fermon on J^jhua xxiv. i^. 63. Hunt [Nicholas) letter to him from Tillotfon, 126. I. Jacomb [Samuel] fome account of him, 384. note* James I. (King) the pedantry of his court completed the de- generacy of all true eloquence, 21. Jane (Dr. fVilUam) appointed of the ecclefiaftical commif- fion, 168. fome account of him, 173. withdraws from the ccclefiafticil commifTion, 173. 177. chofen prolocutor of the convocation, 1 84. the fuppofed author of A Letter to a Friend, &c. 194. Jeffreys (Lord Chancellor) obliges Mr. Prideaux to pay him fifteen thoufand pounds for his pardon, 1 6. Jeffkry (Dr. John) fome account of him, 299, 3C0. Jewel INDEX. Jewel (Dr. John) Bilhop of Salijhury, did honour to the reign of Queen EHf:.abeth, as a preacher, 2 1 . Johnson [Samuel) writes an anfwer to Dr. 7illotfoti's Itit^x to Lord Ruffely 115. his nuay of peace among all Frotefiants publifli'd and feiz'd, 131. fome account of him, 119, his charaScr, 201. ill treats T>x. 'lillotfony il^iti. lefuks church preferments, 202. JoRTiN {\Ar.Joi>f!) his remarks on the fermons of Archbifkop lillatfon, 426. Ironside (Dr. Gilbert) made Bifhop of BrlJioU 214, fome ac- count of him, ibid. K Kettle WELL [John) one of the moft pious and moderate of 'the Nonjurors, 217. Kidder [Richard) Bifhop of Bafh and TFel/s ; account of him, 73. a member of the ecclefiallical commiffion, 168. his (hare in the review of the liturgy, 179. complain'd of by Monf. Le Clerc, 278. L. Latimer {Hugh) Bifhop of Worcejler, his charadter as a preacher, 21. Latitudinarian, a name given to Archbifhop 7V//oif/5« and other great and good men, 327. Le Clerc defends Tillot/on's fermon on the eternity of hell- torments, 217. efleem'd by Archbifhop Tillot/on, 278. his account of Archbifhop Tillotfon and his writings, 357. Lesley {Charles) charges Archbifhop Tillot/on with Socinia- nifm and Hohhifm, zcjb, 297, fome account of him, 298. Ley [James) Earl oi Marlborough ; a contemner of religion, converted to it before his death, 71. note '. LiGHTFOOT [Robert) defends Archbifhop 'Tillotfon''^ writings a- againft Dr. John Edixiards, 337. Limborch [Philip) dedicates to Archbifhop Tillotfon his Hifioiy of the Inquiftion, 275. Locke [John) remarks, that the Epifcopal clergy were no friends to the aft of toleration and bill of union, while they were depending, 163. procures Archbifhop TiV/jz/ow to accept of the dedication of Limborch's Hifiory of the Inqui- fition, 274. regrets the death of Archbifhop Tillotfon, 344. Long [Thomas) i^rebendary of Exeter, the fuppos'd author of Vox Cleri, 194. LowTH [Simon) animadverts upon Tillotfon^ fermon on JojI.ua xxiv. I 5. 64. Lupton (Dr. William) attacks Tillotfon s fermon concern- iiig the eternity of hell torments, 218. fome account of him, ib.d. M. INDEX. M. Ma I ntenon {Madam de) complnins that the Jefuits precipi- tated things too much under K. James II. 118. Martin [\)y. Fmnci;) an Jrifli Trielt, his Scutum Fidti, ia anfwer to Dr. '7/7/o//3«'s fermon on i Cor. ni. 5. 353. Mary (Queen) letter of her Majelly to Lady Rujjll, 257. la- ments the deadi of ArchbilLop ^TiUot}on, 34;. Maurice (Dr. Henry) his Difaice of Diocejan E pi/cop acy, 5. Chaplain to Archbilliop Sa?ic>oft, 194. the fuppos'J author oi Jhji Remarks from the Country, ibid. Melmoih {lVill:am) El'q; his cenfure of Archbilhop ■7/7/:///oa"'» ftyle and oratory, 340. reniarivs on that cenfure, 341. Mew (Dr. Ptter) Bifhop oiWinchefler, appointed of the cccle- li:dt:cal commiliion, 167. withdraws from it, 173, 177. Monro (Dr. Alexander) difowns his being the autliorofthc Charge of Socinlanifm again ft Dr. Tilloifon, 297. More (Dr. Henry) Fellow of ChrijPs- College in Cam- bridge, 6. More (Dr. John) Eifliop of Kotv.vicb ; fome account of him, 198. Morton (Charles) writes a difcourfe concerning the oatlis taken at either of our Univeuliiea upon taking a Degree, 271, rote *. MouNTAiGNE [yames] his letter concerning Tillotfcns hehji- viour at Clare-Hall, i 2. Moulin (Dr. Leivis) his character, 33. Note ''. MuLGRAVE (Earl of) his letter to Tillotfjn, in excufe for his having fat in the eccleliaflical commiflion, 155. N. Nary (Cornelius) a writer againft Archbifhop Ti L lot son. Nelson {Robert) account of him, 68. letters to him from lillotfon, 69. Cff feqi^. travels into France, 78. olter'd a place at court, 83, 81;. marries Lady Ihiophilci Lues, 120. writes a dilcourle intitled, Tran/uhftanttation contrary to Scripture, 120, corrcfponds with the Earl oi Mdfort, 25?, r.oie". confults the ArchbiQiop about the practice of thole Non- jurors who frequented the churches, 258, 259. attends Archbi- Ihop '[illotfon in his lali illnefs, 31:^. his letter to Lord Lhan- celior Scmniers, 3.18. zealous for publifhing a feimon ot Archbifliop 7;7/i>//9^'s againll the Nonjurors, 350. Nelson (Lady FhecphiUi) married to Mr. Nclfn':, 12c.. feduc'd to f opery, ibid, the fuppos'd author of a Dijcuurje coneerring a yuc^e of Contrcverfy, ibid. Nixon (iVlr.) Chaplain to the Ear: of Bath, made Prebendary oi Canterbury, zc^. o. INDEX. o. Orange (Prince of) his marriage with Princefs Mary, and their voyage to Holland, 49, 50. Over A L (Bifliop) fome account of him, 170. declares againft re- ordination, 171. P. Parker (Dr. Samuel) his virulence in his writings againft the Nonconformifts, 417. , Patrick (Dr. Simon) his letters to Dr. Samuel Parker upon 'Tillot/on's fermon on Jo/hua xxiv. 15. 60, 61, 62, 197. a member of the ecclefiallical commiflion, 167. his ihare in the review of the liturgy, 175. declares in his Friendly debate againft a comprehenfion, 1 96. fome account of him, 197. Payne (Dr. William) the fuppos'd author of Jn anfiver ta Vox Cleri, 194. Pendlebury [Henry) a treatife of his concerning Tranfub- ftantiation publifh'd by Dr. Tilloffon, 363. Penn [Williarn) fome account of him, 124. his letters to Dr. Tilhtfon againft the imputation of being a Papift in difguife, ibid. Pool [MatthemS) account of him, 37. Pride Aux [Edmund) a pupil of Archbifhop TtUotfon, his cafe and treatment upon a charge of being privy to Mort' mouth'' s rebellion, 15,16. Pride AUX (Dr. Humphry) author of A lettir to a friend re- lating to the prefent Convocation, 19^. lofes all expedation of preferment by the death of Archbifhop lillotfottt 371, fome account of him, ibid. Preston (Vifcount) makes an ample difcovery of the deligns in favour of King James II, 237. fome account of him, ibid, R. Ray [John) dedicates his Three phyjuo-tbeological dlfcourfes to Archbifliop Tillotfon, 378, Rochester Jnne, [Count efs cf Rochejler) her letters concern- ing her Ion's repentance, 73, note'' RoYSE (Dr. George) Chaplain of .'Irchbilhop TtUotfon^ 376, fome account of him, ibid. RussEL (Lord) attended upon before his death by Dr. billot- fon and Dr. Burnet, 102, l^ feqq. his charafler, 113. Rus'EL (Lady) her letters written with an uncommon force of ftyle and fentiment, 113. her friendlhip with 7/7/?//o« culti- vated by a frequent correfpondence of letters, 122. letters from her to fillct/on, 208, 224. her eyes couch'd, 302. Rust I ISl D E X. Rl'«;t (Dr. George) Fellow of Cbriji's-College in Camhridgn and afterwards Bifhop of Dromon in Ireland, 6. S. Sanderson (Dr. Rohert) Bifliop of Lincoln; liis charac'lcr as a Preacher, 21. not able to commit his fermons to his me- mory, 24. Sandys (Dr. Edivin) Archbiftiop of I'ork ; his fermons perhaps fuperior to any of his contemporaries, 21. Sancroft (Archbifhop) refufes to fubmit to the government of King iVilliam and Queen Mary, 143. account of him, 147, projeds and promifes a comprehenfion, 152. letter on his death and charadler, 290. withdraws the cemmiffion given by him for the confccration of Bifhop Burnet, 302, 303. Sarjeant {ychn) author oi Sure footing ', fome account of him, 3q. Sharp (Dr. John) Archbifhop of Tork; rife of his friendfliip with Tillot/on, 39. tJie province of inquiring into the cha- raflers of thofe divines, who were candidates for preferment, devolv'd upon him by the Lord-Chancellor Finch, ib-d. ap- pointed of the ecclefiaftical commiflion, i S6. the Archbifhopric o{ Tork procured for him by Archbifhop 7illutfon, 253. Sherlock (Dr. William) fome account of him, 236. letter to Dr. tiobbs, 346. Shrewsbury [Charles Earl of) converted to the Proteftant rc- . ligion by Tillot/an, 55. letter from that divine to his Lord - fhip, 56. S.MiTH {MT.yoh'i) ¥t\\civj 0^ ^eeni-College in Cimbridgey a writer of profound fenfe and learning, 6. Some account of" him, ibid, and />. 7. Note [x). Soci N 1 A N s anfwcr Archbifhop Tilht/ons fermons on the Dlii- nityofChriJi, 320. charader of their writers by Archbifhop Tillotfon and Dr. South, 443, 444. SoMMERs (Lord Chancellor) procures the augmentation of the penfion to Archbifhop Tillotfotti widow, 346. the Colltd;o:i ofhisMSS. burnt at Lincoln s-Inn, ibid. Note [g). patronifes the Archbiihop's nephew, 248. letter to him from Mr Ne!- fon, ibid. South (Dr. Robert) fpeaks with great feverity of the fcheme of a compreherJion, 195. his reflexion on Archbilhcp "Tdhtfcn retorted by the latter, 323. his fpeech at the opening of the theatre at Oxford complaiii'd of by Dr. WalHs, 32S. charadler of him, 354. inve(5lives againll Archbifhop jT/Z/oz/j/r, 354, 355. hb character of the Socinian writers compar'd with that of Tillotfon, 428. cenfurc of his manner of preaching by Tillotfon, 429. Spanheim [Frederich) the younger, fends Queen ilf^;;)' a MS. tieatife tending to reconcile the differences between the churcii of I N D E X of ^»g/rtK^ and the DifTenters, 228, 232. letter to him front Tillotjon, 234. Sprat (Dr. Thomas) Eifhop of Rocl^ejler, his oppofite charafters of Lord RuJJel, 1 13. appointed of U^e ecclefiailical commiffion, 167. withdraws from it, 173, 177. Stillingfleet ( Ednvard) Biflu^p of Wot cejler ; fome account of him, 35. a member of the ecclefiailical commilTion, 167. his ftiare in the review of the liturgy, 175. his charader by TJ lot/on, 233, 235. Strype [John] fome account of him, 301. Swift (Dr.) gives Archbifliop ^illotjon the title of excellent^ 338. Sydserf [Xyx. Thcmai) Bifhop 0^ Gallonvay, ordains Mr. TV/- Utfon, 18, 19. fome account of him, 18. note^. T. Tarbot (Vifcount) his account of the ftate oi Scotland mXht beginning of the year 1694. 2'b\, 285. Tate {Nahum) publilhes an Effay on the death of Archbifhop Ti Hot fan, 341. Taylor (Dr. Jeremy) his chara(51er as a preacher, 22. Tennison (Dr. Thomas) a member of the ecclefiailical commif- fion, 168. his Ihare in the review of the liturgy, 17^;. author of A Difcourfe concerning the Ecclejiajiicat ComfinJjJon, 193. his charafter, 405, 41 3. TiLLOTsoN [Fohert) nephew of the Archbifliop, 348. TiLLOTSON (Archbifliop) his family and birth, i thought to be reflefted upon by Dr. Feter Birch, 3. his baptifm incon- teftably prov'd, ihid. his education at fchool and at Clare- Hall in the univerfity of Cambridge, 4. takes the degree of Bachelor and Mailer of arts, and chofen Fellow of Clare- Hall, ibid, and 385. his conduft at college, 382. ts feqq. his firft education and impreflions among the Puritans, s> and 38^. keeps the philofophy aft in 1655, 14, 386. his mind form'd by reading Chillingivorth, 5, 6. his behaviour at the univer- ■ fity inoffenfive, yet attack'd by Dr. George Hickes, 8, 9. Dr. Hickes''s charges againft his behaviour there confuted, g. ^ feqq. tutor to the Ton of Edmund Prideaux, Efq; Attorney- General to O/ii'fr CroA7iw//, 14, 387. does very confiderable fervices to his college, 16, 587. prefent at a remarkable fcene at Whitehall foon after the death of Oliver Crom-c:ell, 17. lofes his Fellowfnip, iS, 386. ordainM by the Bifhcp of Galloivay, 18, 387. the flory of his being Curate to Dr. Wi'kins in the church ci St. Laurence JfJ-ry confuted, 17. his lirft fermon, which appeared in print, preach'd at the Morn- ing-Exercife at Cripple-Gate, 19,388. prefent as an auditor at the conference uc the Sa-vcy, 19. fubmits to the aft of uniformity, ibid, his great improvements in the art of preach- ing, zo, 21. his manner of Iludying divinity, 22. joins with Dr. INDEX, Dr. irilUm in the perfe£\ing the fcheme of a rea! charaSlfr, 2 2. never able to commit his fcrmons to memory, or to preach extempore, 24, 416. Curate to Dr. Tl omm Hixhi, at Chejhunt, 24. preaches his fcrmon on the /ui-jantagti cf an tarly piety in i66z, 25. cholc Miniltcr of it. Mary Aldtr' xr.anbun, bat declines the acceptance of thn Li vin<^, ibid, pre- fenced to the Reflory o'i Ketion in Suffolk,- ibid, 3S8. chofen Preacher of Lincoln s Inn, 26. refigns his Living in 5//^";/,{-, 28. appointed Tuejd Ledluierat St. Lauiencejiixry, ibid, and 388. marries Mrs. Eli's:. French, daughter in-law of Dr. M'ill-Jns, and niece of Oliiier Ciom^-eil, 29. preaches before the Lord- Mayor in March i66-|, and his lermon printed, 29, 391, and 392. his zeal againlt irreligion and popery, 29. reduces many perfons to the communion of the Church of England, 33. pub- lifhes his Rule of faith, 34. encour.igej Foots Synopfs, 37. preaches the fermon at the confecration of Dr. Wilkins to the Bifhopric oiChtJJer, 38. made Canon, and then Dean oi Can' terbury, and R.efidcntiary of St. Paur^, 38, 39, 393, 394. rife .of his friendlhip with Mr. Sharp, afterwards Archbilhop of Tork, 39. no favourite of King Charles II, 40. his zeal againft Popery, 41. an anfwer fuggtiled by him to Archbilhop Sheldon, to be return'd to that King upon his Majelly's com- plaint of the Clergy's preaching againll Popery, 41,42. his moderation towards the Difienters, 32, 42. joins in a treaty for a comprehenfion about 'January 166^, 42 his letter to Mr. Baxter on that fubjed, 43, 44. publifl"i'd Bifhop Wilkins''s Principles of l\a!ural Religion, 4.4. the account of the rife of his interelt with the Prince and Frincefs of Ornrge given by Mr. Echard examin'd, 49, ijffeqq. publifhes Dr. Barroix/s Treatifs of the Pope' s Supre/nucy, 52. his letter upon the death of his brother Jojhua, c^t^. fucceeds in endeavours to ferve Mr. George Bull, afterwards iiiihop of St. Da'vid's, by procuring him a Preber.d of Glocejler, 53, 54. preaches berore the Motife of Commons cii the 5th of No~jember 1678, 54. converts Charles ^^d oi Shrer.vfi?2iry tO the Proteftant relijjion, 56, 57. his 'titer to that Earl, 57. praaches before King Char Us 011 the z'l of Aprils, fermon on Jojhua xxiv. i ;. 59. that fcrmon contains iome exceptionable palmges, 60. ar.jmad verted upon by feveral writers, 62. l^ Jrqq. his remai'< nri retic(ftions upon the repentance and death of John Wilmot Earl of Ro- chefhr, 70, 71. revifes Dr. Burnet\ book on that fubje^t, 73. er^-Eged to Mr. lltzJdah B' rtnn for the Uefiory of Barnes, 74 p>.trcnift:3 Leivis de Comjjfigne de Veil, a learned converted 7=^-1', 7 V bis friendfnip with Mr. iVut:h, 3^8 — 360. his funeral ferraon on Dr. John PVorthingtoi, 360. pub!i{he$ a treatife of Mr. Henry Pendlebury concerning Tranfubftan- tiation, 363 plan of a Latin fy^sm of natural and revealed religion intended by him, ibid, forms a fcheme for a new book of homilies, 365. his moderation, 398 his remark on Mr. Dodnjoeir% book on Schifm, and his One prief hood, ore altar, 401. his charafler 32J, is* y^ff- 396, l^ feqj. his notion of Chrillianity, 408. unjuftly abufed, 41. his perfon defcrib'd, 411, 412. two miftakes of his in literature corrcc'led, 426, 428. no Socinian, 426. his cenfure of Dr. ^^jk/Z-'s manner of preaching, 429. his citation of a palTage of C?Vf ro defended, 430. his animadverfion on a palTage m Sir 'Jhomas Broivn't Religio Medici, 431. his letter to Mr. Baxter, 417. TiNDAL {Nic.) a remark of his on a paffage of Bi(hop ^arr/-/, 192, note (s). TowERsoN (Dr. Gabriel) preferr'dby the intereft of Archbifliop Tillotfon, 371. fome account him , 372. V; INDEX. V. Veil [Charles Marie de Veil) a learned converted y^oi, 76. Yiv.\. {Lex':i! deCompeigvedeViel) a learned converted ^ifw, 75, Vi NCEN 1' (Dr.) Senior-fellow of Ciare-Hall ; his teftimony con- cerning Tiilotfons behaviour there, 10. VsHER, (Archbifliop) preacher at Lincoln t Inn, 27. his Body of Diwnity, 324. w. Walker [George) made Biftiop oi London-Derry, 203. account of him, il/id. note''. Waller [Edmund) the poet, follicits the provofllhip of £/o»- Collcge, 82. Wall IS (Dr. Jchti) complains of Dr. South's fpeech at the opening of the theatre in Oxford, 328. Watson (Dr. Ibcmas) Bifhop of 6"/, Bat-Id's, his charafter, 229, 230. Wesley {^cmucj) recommended by the Marquis o^ Normanby {ova. Bifiiopric in Ireland, 307. fome account of him, ibid. note (*) publiOies an Elegy on the Death of Archbifhop Tillot- [on, 343. Wharton [Thnry] his manufcript colle£lions concerning the Englif? Archbii'hops and Bifhops, 17. gives a very odious pidure of King y<»/K^j IPs government, 132. note *^. W Ki c H COT E ( Ur. Beajajn'ru) Provoii of King' s-Colhge in Cam- bridge, 6. his funeral fermon preach'd by liHotfon, loi. Whiston [William) revives tlie quellion concerning the eter- nity of hell torments, 219. V/iiitby [Di.nicl) publilhes his Protefiant Reconciler, which' gives great offence, 97. confutes fome of the arguments in 7illalfon\ fermon concerning the eternity of hell torments, 217. Wh.tefoot John) of Norv.ick, writes a difcourfe on the eternity of hell torments, 217. Wh I TG I F T (Dr. John) Archbifhop of Canterbury, did honour to the reign of Queen Elizabeth as a preacher, 21. Wh ITT IN CHAM {IVilliam) holds the Deanry of Durham, tho* he had been only ordain'd at Gene-ja, 171. Wjlkins (Dr. John) Bilhop of Chefer, his friendlhip with ^illotfon, 7. his charafter, ibid, and 389 affifted by Tillotfon in his real character, 22. marries Robina, filler of Oliver Crcmijoell, 29. confecrated B;l'hop of Chefer, 38, 390, dies, 44. leaves his papers to Tillstfon, ihid his Pri'icipLs of natu- ral Religion publifii'd, ibid, his lennons publifb'd, 94. he is vindicated by lillotjon from the reflet^ions of Anthony Wood, ibid. 95. William III (King) afFefled with the death of Archbifhop Tillotfon, 345. his elleem for the Archbifhop, ibid. kindneiS to his widow, ibid. Williams (Dr. John) Bifhop of Chichejler, drew up an ac- count of the proceedings in the ccclefiaftical coramifGon, 168. 7 cha- INDEX. charaifier of him by Tllloffon, no. account of him, 312. pub- lilhes Eilhop fi'ilkins^ Ecclcjialles ac the defire of Archbiliiop Tdlotun, with improvcment.s 2S6. vindicates Archbilhop '7>7- iotfon\ Sermons on the Divitiity of our Saviour, 295. writes an ani'wer to a Pamphlet of Mr. Collur, -;44. WiLMOT [John] Earl oi Roc heft er ; liis repentance and death, 69—73. Win ON {Jojhua) Re£\or of Thornhill'm Yorkjhire, one of the godfathers of Archbifliop Tt Hot for., 3. Wood [Anthony) his rcfle(!:(ions upon Bifhop JJ'ilkiiu in his Hijlo- ria isf yiatiq. anfwercd by 'lillotfon, 94, 9;, 96. Worth iNCTON (Dr "John) mafter of Jtius-Cvlhge in Cam- bridge, 6. his charadcr by Dr. lillotjon, 300. Ibme account ofhim, 3^0 — 363. WoTTON (Dr. WiUic.m) fome account of him, 30^. Wright [Abraham) publifh'd live fermons in five fevernl ftylei or ways of preaching, 22. Wynne [WilHam) cenfures a p.iffage of 7"; //oz/ow's funeral fer- mon on Mr. Gouge, 420. remarks upon ckat cenfure, ilid. ERRATA. i » Page 8. line 3. /or Berdmore t^/j^'Beapdmore. | II. Note (c). 1. 8. /or Snathan r. Nathan. 2^. ]. z6. /or znd in every r. and every. 64. 1. 12. _/or Sutton-Coart r. Sutton-Court. « 140. part 2. I. 14. /or 19th r. gth. J 185. 1. 21. for lyri r. 1713. 217. 1. iS. for St. Peters of Mancroft r. St. Gregory's. ; 352. part 2. 1. 7. /or Thonas r. Thomas. ' .. 283. part 2. 1. 5. _/or Chaeles r. Charles. 308. Note (*). 1. 15. /or Leicefterfhire r. Lincolnfliire. i 343. 1. 8./or Nathan r. Nahum. f \ Jlljt Ptthlijh'd, (A New Edition, beautifully printed in Three Fo* lumes. Folio, with the Author'' s Head engraved by Ravenet,) of THE WORKS Of the Most Reverend Dr. JOHN riLLOrSON, Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury, To this Edition is now firfl: prefix'd. The L i f i of the Author, compiled chiefly from his Ori- ginal Papers and Letters. By THOMAS BIRCH, M. A: Re£ior of the United Parifies of St. Margaret Pat- tens and St. Gabriel Fenchurch, and Secretary to the Royal Society. Printed for J. and R. Tonson and S. Draper, R. Ware, J. and P. Knapton, S. Eirt, T. Longman, C, Hitch and L. Hawes, J. Hodges, A. Millar, J. and J. Rivington, J. Ward, W^. Johnston, C. Corbet, and M. Cooper. \ i DATE DUE K-Xh