2 morg liinibcrsitg Xibtarg
BIBLICAL NOMENCLATURE,
OR
OP THE
PRINCIPAL PART OF THE PROPER NAMES CONTAINED IN THE BIBLE*
■WITH THEIR
SIGNIFICATION;
TOGETHER WITH
SCRIPTURAL TABLES
OF
MONET, "WEIGHTS AND MEA8ER.ES.
TO WHICH IS ADDED
PRESIDENT WASHINGTON'S
INTENDED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS.
BY JOHN WILKINSON.
IIEISKELL & BROWN,
" PRINTERS,
KNOXVILLE, TENN.
mffiTOSffismErcDA®!©!?*
—
WE have examined Mr. Wilkinson's JSiblioihecalJiommrlnlure, and compared it-
with several others. This little work hasbeen executed with judgment and care;
it willbe a valuable -acquisition to schools and to private families. Most people
must have felt the difficulty of pronouncing the proper names of the Sacred Scrip¬
tures, and must have observed the great want of uniformity in this respect; almost
every one having a pronunciation of his own, and the same individual departing
from his own rules of analogy in different words. This little work has mqjfked the
most approved pronunciation, so that any one will be able to understand it. It
will greatly assist the teachers of English schools, and also the scholar. Thi$
work will be of use to private families when the scriptures are read, both to enable
them to read the Bible with ease, and to understand it, as the names are explaine d.
For these reasons the work ought to he generally patronized.
ISAAC ANDERSON,
JOHN M CAMPBELL,
ROBERT HARDIN.
August, £819.
WTROIW CTION.
Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will
not depart from it.—Solomon. .
As the twig is bent, the tree's inclined.—Pope.
SOME years ago, about the time Thomas Faine's Age of Rea~
son was in high esteem with many, wrho thought themselves to be"
considerable philosophers, the bible had become a very unfashi¬
onable book. It was doubted by some,, even persons of consi¬
derable standing, whether it was proper to be put into the hands
of children as a school book. But, happily, the tide of opinion
has changed its current; in the estimation of the best informed,
the most enlightened, and the professedly christian part of
the world, the bible is not only entitled to the pre-emi¬
nence of all other books, in a religious point of view; but also
as comprehending a system of pure ethics, or moral philosophy,
it stands unrivalled. Hence, of all others, the use of it ought to
have the decided preference in directing the operations of the
human mind, and forming the permanent characters of the con¬
tinually rising generations of intelligent beings, and consequent¬
ly, ought to be tenaciously retained in our schools, as the purest
source, and affording the most solid foundation of a radical and
correct education. One objection to it, amongst others, as
a school book, has been, that by imposing the reading of it as a
task upon children, it becomes irksome to them, and they ac¬
quire a distaste for it. Although this may happen sometimes under
improper teachers, yet, it will seldom or never 'occur, under the
management of judicious instructors. And every difficulty will
speedily vanish, upon taking into view the immense counter-bal¬
ancing benefits. For the inestimable treasure of ideas ac¬
quired, and indelibly fixed in the youthful mind, by being early
and correctly taught; and by carefully and seriously reading,
and thereby becoming familiar with the sacred scriptures, is to
all, an acquisition of incalculable importance.
To facilitate in some measure, this great object, the following
literary mite, is with diffidence, tendered as an auxiliary mean.
It is intended as a spelling vocabulary of the principal part of
the proper names of persons, &c. mentioned in the bible, prepa¬
ratory to reading it in schools.
The advantages anticipated, are ;
1st. That facility may be attained, and that hesitancy avoided,
which is necessarily incident to those who have no previous
ii
knowledge of the pronunciation of that numerous and uncommon
class of words.
2. 'As tending to establish a uniformity of orthoepy.
3d. That the meaning or signification of the words, being an^
nexed, and these generally characteristic of the person or thing;
the ideas .will be enlarged, acquire a greater permanency, and.
probably an increased taste fox reading the scriptures, will fol¬
low as a consequence.
4th. So far as it extends, it may be useful as a concordance ;
the references are generally, although not always, to the first
text where the name occurs in the bible. They are1 taken as
found in Cruden, with some few corrections^
To accomplish the design as far as practicable, considerable
research,dabor and' pains, have been employed ; much more
than might be supposed from a superficial view of the work itself:
The sources of information resorted to, have been, for the defini¬
tions, doctor Cruden and doctor Ash; the former almost entire¬
ly. Where the meanings of the words were discovered. to be
very numerous an'd opposite, only some of "the most significant
have been adopted. On the subject of pronunciation, Dr. Ash, Mr.
Perry and Mr. Walker's key to the classical pronunciation of the
scripture names, have been carefully attended to. Although they
all agree, in «by far the greater part, yet there is some di¬
versity^ the pronunciation of some names by these authorities ;
that has' been preferred, whiqh appeared to be best sanctioned
by usage and analogy.
I had not, Seqn Mr. Walker's 'key, until I thought I had this
work almost ready for the press, when the reverend Mr. Sher¬
man, very obligingly and politely sept it to#me. On comparing
Mr. Walker's tables with mine, I found a difference in the sylla¬
bication and accentuation of a few words; in some of these I
conformed to him, particularly where supported by any of the
other authorities. Some few1^ I did not change, believing his pro-
nunciation'of them to be contrary to the best and most common
usage in our countfy. A.s for example, in the name Delilah, he
places the accent op the first syllable. Although Mr. Walker
must be acknowledged to be an author of considerable erudition,
and a " critic of great eminence," yet, in some instances, he- vio¬
lates his own'rule's. In page 230 of his key, speaking of the He¬
brew language, he says, "It is remarkable, that all words ending
in ias and iah, have the accent on the i;" yet, in the word Bena-
iah, both in*page 224, and in his table, he places the accent on
the a, preceding the i. Also, in-his terminational rules, page
282, in the word Samaria* he places the accent on the penulti¬
mate syllable; but in his table, on the ante-penult. Several
ill
other Instances of the same kind might be noticed; indeed, it
is discoverable, that among the learned, they have great difficul¬
ties in settling the orthoepy, not only of the scripture proper
names, but of our language in general.
As to such anomalous cases respecting the sound of some of
the letters, so far as they occur in the following tables, these
rules principally taken from Mr. Walker, and other etymologists,
ought to be strictly observed, by teachers especially.
1 st. That c/i, in all proper names, both in the old and new
testaments, is pronounced like fc, with the single exception of
the name Rachel.
2d. That g, before e and i, in all proper names in the old
testament, which are derived from the Hebrew, is pronounced
hard, as in our English words, get, begin ; as for example, in
Gera, Gideon.
3d. That g, before e, i and y, in all proper names in the New
Testament, which are derived from the Greek, is pronounced
soft like J, as in Genesaret, Gergesenes. There are but few names
of this last class.
4. M before w, is silent, as in Mnason.
5th. X at the beginning of a syllable, as well as of a word, is
sounded like z, as in Ar-ta-xerx-es.
In words where the g, before e, i or y, sounds soft; and is pre¬
ceded by a short accented vowel, the g is thrown to the latter
syllable, as dn Her-mo'-ge-nes, Phry'-gi-a; contrary to Walker,
and most modern orthographers, who annex the g to the preced¬
ing syllable, as Her-mog'-e-nes, Phryg'-i-a. It is one of the most
invariable rules in our language, that g at the end of a syllable
sounds hard. After a child has made considerable progress in
learning, and by habit the sounds or powers of the letters have
become natural to him; then* to tell him that in the word magic,
the letters m-a-g, spell maige, is a violation of the fixed ..princi¬
ples of syllabication, which he had acquired. The transition
from the long to the short sound of the preceding vowel, is much
easier. Our American orthoepists seem to be of my ppinion';
the same observations apply to the letter "c, when similarly situ¬
ated, as jn Macedonian. 4
Here it may not be improper to observe, that those who are
intrusted with the literary part of the education of children,
ought to be assiduously attentive to inculcate a correct pronun¬
ciation. Corrupt habits early contracted, are hard to eradicate.
It is feared that many do not advert to the rules laid down, even
in the common spelling books.
I wish it to he understood that it is not intended that children
iv
should be compelled to commit to memory, the meaning or sig¬
nification of the proper names.
I flatter myself there are but few, if any, substantial errors in
this work; but if, in future, another edition should be called
for, they will be corrected, and tables of the residue of the
scripture names, and such other matter as may be thought use¬
ful, added.
The tables of time, money, weights and measures, must be of
satisfactory use in reading the bible.
The valedictory address of our Washington, the political savi¬
our of our country, under Divine Providence, contains political
and moral principles, which ought to be early implanted in eve¬
ry American breast.
The novelty of this work required some explanation, and no
doubt, in other respects, an apology; otherwise less need have
been said by way of introduction ; but upon the whole, it is hop¬
ed that this little compilation, will meet with approbation com¬
mensurate with its intrinsic utility, and the intention of the au¬
thor, and he will be satisfied.
JOHN WILKINSON.
Maryville, November 15,1819.
Note.:—For want of proper accented types, it has become necessary to use the inverted
comma (') and apostrophe (') both of which are intended to mean the same thing, t»
designate the accented syllable, and which is placed immediately after it.-
A
mULICAl. JfOMliNC LATUUE, &<;•
—©S©—
A
-Av ron, a mountain of strength, or teacher, Exod. 4. 14.
Aa' ron ites, descendants of Aaron, 1 Chron. 12. 27.
A bad' don, the destroyer, Rev. 9. 11.
A bag' tha, the father, or inventor of the wine press, Esth. 1. 1&.
Ab' a na, made of stone, or a building, 2 Kings, 5. 12.
Abe a rim, passages, or passengers, Numb. 27. 12.
Ab' ba, father, Mark, 14. 36.
Ab' da, a servant, or servitude, 1 Kings, 4. 6.
Ab' di, he is my servant, 2 Chron: 29. 12.
Ab' di el, the servant of God, 2 Chron. 5. 15.
Ab' don, a servant, or cloud of judgment, Judg. 12. 13.
A bed' ne go, servant of light, Dan. 1.7.
A' bel, vanity, breath or vapor, Gen. 4. 2. Abel, a city, signifies
mourning, 1 Sam. 6. 18. 2 Sam. 20. 18.
A'bel-beth-ma' achah, mourning to the house of Maachah, 1 Kings,
15. 20.
A'bel-ma' itn, the mourning of the waters, or the valley of waters,
2 Chron. 16 4.
A'bel-me ho' lah, sorrow, or mourning of sickness, Judg. 7. 22.
A'bel-miz' raim, the mourning of the Egyptians. Gen. 50* 11.
A' bel-shit' tim, a mourning among the thorns, Num. 33 49.
A' bez, an egg, or muddy,*Josh. 19. 20.
A' bi, my father, 2 Kings, 18. 2.
A bi' ah, the Lord is my father. 1 Sam. 8. 2.
A bi' a, the father of my lord, Mat. 1, 7.
A bi-al' bon, most intelligent father, 2 Sam. 23. 31.
A bi' a thar, excellent father, 1 Sam, 22. 20.
A' bib, green fruits, the first montfy of the Jewish ecclesiastical
year, answering to the moon of our March and April, Exodus,
13. 4.
A bi' dah, the father of knowledge, Gen. 29. 4.
Abi'dan, the father of judgment, Num. 1. 11.
A' bi el, God my father, 1 Sam. 9. 1.
A bi e' zer, the father of help, or my father is my help, Josh. 17. 2.
A bi ez' rite, a descendant of Abiezer, Judg. 6. 11.
Ab' i gail, the joy of the father, or father of joy, 1 Sam■ 25. 3.
Ab i hail', the father of strength, or father of trouble, Esth. 2. I#.
A bi' hu, he is my father, or his father, Exod. 6,23.
B
10
A Li' iall, the Lord is my father, or the will of the Lord. 1 King*,
14 1.
A bi' jam. father of the sea, 1 Kings, 14. 31,
Ab i Is' ne, the father of the apartment, or of mourning, Luke, 3. 1.
A bits' a el, a father sent from God, Gen. 10. 28.
A bim' e lech, father of the king, Gen. 20. 2.
A bin' a dab,father of willingness,or my father is a prince, 1 Sam. 7 1
A bin' oam, father of beauty, Judg, 4. 6.
A hi' ram, a high father, Num. 16.1.
A bi' shag, the ignorance of the father, 1 Kings, 1.15.
A bish' a i, the present of my father, 1 Sam. 26. 6.
A bish' a lorn, the father of peace, 1 Kings, 15. 2.
A bish'u a, father of salvation, 1 Chron. 6.4.
Ab' i shur, father of the wall, or uprightness, or my father is up¬
right, 1 Chron. 2. 23.
Ab' i tal, tlie father of the dew, 2 Sam. 3 4.
Ab' i tub, father of goodness, or my father is good, 1 Chron. 8.11.
A bi' ud, father of praise, or glory of my father, 3Iat. 1.13.
Ab'ner, father of light, or lamp of the father, 1 Sam. 14.51.
A' bram, a high father, Gen. 11. 27.
A' bra ham, the father of a great multitude, Gen. 17. 5.
Ab' sa lom, father of pea"ce, or the peace of the father, 2 Sam. 3. 3.
Ac'cad, a vessel, a pitcher, Or a sparkle, Gen. 10. 10.
Ac' cho, closs, inclosed, pressed together, Judg. 1. 31.
A eel' da ma, the field of blood, Acts, 1. 19.
A cha' i a, [R. Achava] grief or trouble, Jets, 18. 12.
A cha' i cus, a native of Achaia, 1 Cor. 16. 7.
A' chan, he that troubleth, Josh. 7. 18. 22. 20.
A' char, the same. 1 Cor. 2. 7.
Ach' bor, a rat, Gen. 36. 33.
A' chim, preparing confirming, or revenging, Mat. 1 14.
A' chish, thus it'is, or how is this, 1 Sam. 21. 10.
Ach' rne tha, a citv, Ezra, 6. 2.
A' chor, trouble, Josh. 7. 26.
Ac.h' sah, adorned, or bursting of the veil, Josh. 15. 16.
Acii' shaph, poison, tricks, or one who breads, &c. Josh. 11. L
Ach' zib, liar, lying, or that runs or delays, Josh. 19 29
Ad' a dah, the witness, or testimony of the assembly, Josh. 15 22
A' dah, an assembly, Gen. 4 19
A da i' ah, the witness of the Lord, 2 Kings, 22 1
A da li' ah, one who draws water, Esth. 9 8
Ad' am, earthy, taken out of red earth, Gen. 2 19
Ad' a mah, red earth, or of blood, Josh. 19 36
Ad' a mi, my man, red, earthy, human, Josh. 19 33
A' dar, high, eminent ; the Jewish twelfth month of their ecclesi¬
astical year, answering to the moon of our March, Ezra, 6 15
Ad' be el, a vapor, a cloud of God, Gen. 25 13
Ad' di, my witness, &.c. Luke. 3 33
Adon, basis, foundation, the Lord, Nch. 7 61
II
A' di el? the witness of the Lord, 1 Chron. 4 36
A' din, adorned or voluptuous, dainty, Ezra, 8 6
Ad i tha' im, assemblies or testimonies, Josh. 15 36
Ad' la i, in3T witness, my ornament, 1 Chron. 27 29
Ad' mah, earthy, red earth, Gen. 14 2
Ad' ma tha, a cloud of death, a mortal vapor, Esth 1 14
Ad' tnah, rest or testimony eternal, 1 Chron. 12 20
Ad'o nai, Lord; an Hebrew name of God. Ash
A do ni' ah, ruler. Ash
A do' ni be' zek, the lightening of the Lord, or the Lord of light¬
ening, or the Lord of Bezek, Jiidg. 1 5
Ad o ni'jah, the Lord is my master, 2 Sam. 3 4
A don'ikam, the Lord is raised,, or my Lord hath raised me, Ez¬
ra. 2 13'
A do ni' ram, my Lord is most high, or the Lord of might and
elevation, 1 Kings, 4 6
. A do' ni ze' dek,. justice of the Lord, or the Lord of justice, Joshua,
10 L
A do' ram, their beaut}*, power or praise, 2 Sam. 20 24
Ad o ra' im, strength or power of the sea, 2 Chron. 119
A dram' me leek, the cloak, glory, grandeur or power of the king,
2 Kings, 17 31
A dra myt' ti urn,,the court or mansion of death, Acts, 27 2; a city
on the west coast of Mysia, in Lesser Asia, over against the isle
of Lesbos. Proven's Dictionary.
A' dri a, the name of a city, which gives name to the Adriatic sea,
now the gnlph of Venice, Acts, 27 27
A duV lam, their testimony, prey or ornament, 1 Sam. 22 1; a city
of Israel, Josh. 15 35; the glory of Israel, Micah, 1 15
. A dum' mim, red or bloody ones, Josh. 15 7; Brown's Diet.
Ag' a bus, a locust, or the feast of the father, Acts, 11 28
A' gag, roof, floor, Num. 24 7
A' gar,the same as Iiagar, Gal. 4 24
A' ga gite, of the race of Ag5g, Esth. 3 1
A grip' pa, one who at his birth causes great pain; who is born with
his feet foremost, Acts, 25 13
A' gur, a stranger or gathering or gathered together, Prov. 30 1
A' liab, the brother of the father, uncle or father of the brother, 1
Kings, 16 30
A has u e* rus> prince, head or chief, Ezra, 4 6
A ha' va, essence or generation, Ezra, 8 15
A'haz, one who takes and'possesses, 2 Kings, 16 2
A haz i' ah, seizure, possession or vision of the Lord, 1 Kings, 22 40
A hi' ah, brother of the Lord, 1 Sam. 14 3
A hi e' zer, brother of assistance. Num. 1 12
A hi' hud, a brother of praise, Num. 34 27
A hi'jah, the same as Ahiah, 1 Kings, 11 29
A hi' kam, a brother who raises up, 2 Kings, 22 12
A hi' bud, a brother born, 2 Sam. 8 16
12
A him1 a az, brother of thecouncilor my brothfer is counsellor, 1
Sam. 14 50
A hi' man, a brother prepared or brother of the right hand; Numb.
13 22
A him' e lech, my brother is a king or the brother of my king, 1
Sam. 21 1
A hi' moth, brother of death or my brother is dead, 1 Chron. 6 25
A hin' o am, the beauty or comeliness of the brother, 1 Sam. 15 50
A hi' o, his brother, his brethren, 2 Sam. 6 3
A hi' ra, brother of iniquity, or of the shepherd, Num. 115
A his' a maoh, brother of strength or support, Exod. 38 34
A hi' shar, brother of a prince or brother of a song, 1 Kings, 4 6
A hith' o phel, brother of ruin or folly, 2 Sam. 15 2
A hi' tub, brother of goodness, or my brother is good, 1 Sam. 22 12
Ah' lab, milk, Judg. 1 31
A ho' lah, his tabernacle, his tent, Ezck. 23 4
A ho' li ab,the tent or tabernacle of the father, Exod. $6 1
A hoi'ibah, my tent and my tabernacle in her; a name given t»
Jerusalem, Ezek. 23 4
A ho lib' a mah, my tabernacle is exalted, Gen. 36 2
A' i, mass or heap, Gen. 13 3
A i' ath, the same as Ai, Isa. 10 28
A' ja Ion, a chain oi strength or a stay, Josh. 10 12
A' in, a fountain, a city of Judah, Josh. 15 32; Brown's Diet.
A lam' e lech, God is king, Josh. 19 26
Al ex an' der, one who assists men, Mark, 15 21
Al ex an' dri a, a city in Egypt, Jets, 18 24
Al ex an' dri ans, natives of Alexandria, 'Jets, 6 9
Al le lu' ia, praise the Lord, Rev. 19 1
Al' lod, an oak or strong, 1 Chron. 4 37
Al lon-bac' huth, the oak of weeping, Gen. 35 8
Al mo' dad, the measure of God, Gen. 10 26
Al' pha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet; the first, Rev. 1 8
Al phe' us, a thousand or learned or chief, Mat. 10 3
.Am' a lek, a people that licks up or takes away all, Gen. 36 12
Am' a lekites, descendants of Amalek, Num. 14 45
Am' a na, integrity and truth, a mountain, Cant. 4 8
Amari' ah, the excellence of the Lord. Zeph. 1 1
Ama'sa, sparing the people, 2 Sam. 17 25
Am a zi' ah, the strength of the Lord, 2 Kings, 12 21
Am' mah, my pe ople, 2 Sam. 2 24
Am4 mi, the same as Ammah, Uos. 2 1
Am mi' hud, the people of praise, Num. 1 10
Am min' a dib, the prince of my people, Cant. 0 12
Am mi shad' da i,.the people of the Almighty, Num. 1 12
Am' mon, a people, or the son of my people, Gen. 19 33
Am'mon ites, descendants of Benammi, 1 Sam. 11 H
Am' non, faithful, or son of the mother, 2 Sam. 3 2
A' raon, faithful, true, 1 Kings, 22 26
13
Am' o rite, bitter; a rebel, a babbler, Gen. 15 16
A' mos, loading, weighty, Amos, 1 2
A' moz, strong, robust, 2 Kings, 19 2
Am phip' o lis, a city encompassed by the sea, Acts, 171
Am' pli as, large, extensive, Rom. 16 8
Am' iam, an exalted people, Exod. 6 18
Am' ra phel, one who speaks of secrets, Gen. 14 1
A' nah, one who answers, sings or is afflicted, Gen. 36 24
A' nak, a collar or ornament, Num. 13 28
An' a kims, descendants of Anak, Deut. 2 10
A nam'e lech, answer or song of the king and council, 2 Kings, 17 31
Ana ni'' as, the cloud of the Lord, Acts, 5 5
An' a thoth, answer, song or affliction, Josh. 21 18
An' drew, a strong man, Mark, 1 29
An dron i' cus, a man excelling others, Rom. 16 7
A' ner, answer, song, affliction, Gen. 14 24
An' na, gracious, merciful, Luke, 2 36
An' nas, one who answers, humbles, Luke, 3 2
An' ti christ', an adversary of Christ, 1 John, 2 18
An' ti och, instead of, or as speedy as a chariot; a town of Syria,
Acts, 1119
An' ti pas, for all, or against all, Rev. 2 13
An tip' a tris, for or against the father, Acts, 23 31
A pei' les, exclusion, separation, Rom. 16 10
A' phek, a stream or strength, a city in Syria, 1 Sam. 4 1
Ap ol lo' ni a, perdition, destruction, a province of Greece, Acts,
17 1
A pol' los, one that destroys or lays waste, Acts, 18 24
A pop ly on, a destroyer, a name of Satan, Rev. 9 11
Ap phi' a, that produces, or is fruitful, Philem. 2
Ap' pi i-Fo\ rum, a town near Rome, Acts, 28 15
A quil' a, an eagle, Acts, 18 2
Ar, awaking or uncovering, Num. 21 28
A ra' hi a, evening wild and desart, 1 Kings, 10 15
A' ram, highness, or their curse, Gen. 10 22
Ar' a rat, the curse of trembling, Gen. 8 4
A rau' na, ark, song, joyful cry, curse, 2 Sam. 24 16
Ar" ba, the city of the four, Josh. 14 15. 21 11
Ar che la'us, the prince of the people, Mat. 2 22
Ar chip' pus, a governorof horses, Col. 4 17
Arc-tu'-rus, a gathering together, a star, Job, 9 9
Ard, one who commands, Gen. 46 21
A re' li, the light or vision of God, Gen. 46 16
A re op' a gite, one belonging to the Areopagus, Acts, 17 34
A re op' a gus, the hill of Mars; a court at Athens, Acts, 17 19
A re' tas, agreeable, virtuous, grateful, 2 Cor. 11 32
Ar' gob, a turf of earth, or fat land, Deut. 3 4
A' ri el, the star of God, Ezra, 8 16
Ar i ma the' a, a lion dead to the Lord; Rarauth, Mat, 27 57
14
A'ri och, long, great, tall, Gen, 14 1
Ar is tar' chus, a good prince, Acts, 14 19
Ar is tob" u lus, a good counsellor, Rom. 16 10
Ar ma ged' don, mountain ofthe gospel, or of Megiddo, Rev, 16 16.
Ar me'ni a. s province of Asia, 2 Kings, 19 37
Ar' non, rejoicing or leaping for joy, a river. Num. 2114
Ar'o er, heath, tamarisk, &c. Num. 32 34 [18 34
Ar' pad, the light of redemption, or one that lieth down, 2 Kings»_
Ar4 phad, the same as Arpad, Isa, 36 19
Ar phax'ad, a healer of desolation, Gen. 10 22
Ar ta xerx' es, the silence of light, Ezra, 4 7
Ar' te mas, whole, sound or without fault, Tit. 312
A' efa, physician, cure, 1 Kings, 15 11
As' a hel, the work or creature of God, 2 Sam. 2 18
As a i' ah, the Lord hath wrought, 1 Ghron. 4 36
A' 6aph, one that assembles together or finishes, 2 Kings, 18 IS-
As e' nath, peril or misfortune, Gen. 41 45
Ash' dod, effusion, inclination, theft, 1 Sam. 5 1
Ash' er, blessedness or happiness, Gen. 30 13
Ash' i ma, crime, position, or fire of the 6ea, 2 Kings, 17 30
Ash' ke naz, a fire that distils or spreads, Gen. 10 3
Ash' ta roth, flocks, sheep or riches, Deut. 1 4
Ash' ur, one that is happy, prosperous, Gen. 10 11
A' sia, muddy, boggy, one of the quarters of the earth, Acts, 6 9
As' ke Ion, weight, balance or fire of infamy, Jud. 1 18
As nap' per, unhappiness or increase of danger, Ezra, 4 10
As' sir, prisoner, fettered, 1 Chron. 3 17
As' sos, approaching, coming near to, Acts, 20 13
As syr' i a, a country of Asia, Gen- 2 ,1'4
A syn' cri tus, incomparable, Rom. 16 14
A' tad, a4horn, Gen. 50 10
Ath a li' ah, the time of the Lord, 2 Kings, 8 26
A the' ni ans, inhabitants of Athens, Acts, 17 21
Ath' ens, a famous city of Greece, Acts, 17 15, &,c.
At ta li' ah, that increases or sends, Acts, 14 25
A' ven, iniquity, force, riches, Ezek. 3 17
Au gus' tus, increased or royal, majestic, Luke, 2 1
Az' a ri' ah, help of,or one who hears the Lord, 1 Kings, 4 2
A ze' kah, strength of walls, Josh. 10 11
Az' gad, a strong army, or a gang of robbers, Ezra, 2 12
Az' noth ta' bor, the ears of Tabor, or of purity, Josh. 19 34
A zo' tus, the same as Ashdod, pillage, theft, Acts, 8 40
A, zur, he who assists or is assisted, Jer. 28 1
Ba' al, ruler, lord or husband, Num. 22 41
13
Ba' al ah, her idol, she that js governed, a spouse, Josh. 15 9
Ba' al-be' rith, idol of,or he who subdues the covenant, Judg. 8 33
Ba' al-gad' the idol of the troop or army, or of felicity, ar the Lord
is master of the troop, Josh. Tl 17
Ba' al-ha' moo, he who rules a multitude, a populous place, Card.
8 11
Ba' al-her*mon, possessor of a thing cursed, a thing consecrated to
God, a mountain, Judg. 3 3
Ba' al i, my idol, master or lord over me, IIos. 2 16
Ba' al im, idols, masters, false gods, Judg. 2 11
Ba' al is, a rejoicing or proud lord, Jer. 40 14
Ba al me' on, the idol, the master of the house, Ezelc. 25 9
Ba' al pe' or, master of the opening, Num.25 3
Ba' al-per' a zim, god of divisions, 2 Sam. 5 20
Ba' al- shal i sha, the third idol, or god over three, 2 Kings, 4 43
Ba' al ta' mar, master of the palm tree, Judg,20 23
Ba' al-ze' bub, god of flies, 2 Kings, 1 2
Ba' al-ze' phon, the idol of the north, hidden secret, Ejeod. 14 2
Ba' a nah, in the answer, in affliction,2 Sam. 4 6.
Ba' a sha, at work, or who seeks or lays waste, 1 Kings, 15 16»
Ba' bel, confusion or mixture, Gen. 10 10
Bab' y Ion, the same as Babel, 2 Kings, 17 30
Bab y lo' ni ans, inhabitants of Babylon, Ezelc. 23 15
Bab y,lo' nish, belonging to Babylon, Josh. 7 21
Ba' ca, a Mulberry tree, Psalm. 84 6
Ba hu'rim, choice, warlike, valiant, 2 Sam. 3 16
Ba' jeth, a house, Isa. 15 2
Ba' laam, the ancient of the people, Num. 22 5 *
Ba' lak. one who lays waste and destroys, or licks and laps, Numb,
•22 4
Ba' mah, an eminence or high place, Ezelc. 20 29
Ba rab' bas, the son of the father or of the master, Mat. 27 17
Bar' a chel, a worshipper of God, Job, 32 2
Bar a chi' as, the same as Barachel, Mat. 23 35
Ba' rak, thunder, or in vain, Judg. 4 6
Bar-je' sus, son of Jesus or Joshua, Acts, 13 6
Bar-jo' na, son of Jona, or of a dove, Mat. 16 17
Bar' na bas, the son of the prophet or of consolation, Acts, 4 35
Bar' sa bas, son of return, son of rest, Acts, 1 23
Bar thol' o mew, a son who suspends the waters, Mat. 10 3
Bar ti me' us, the son of Timeus or of the honorable, Mark, 10 46
Ba' rueh, who is blessed, who bends the knee, Neh. 3 20
Bar zil'la i, made of iron, orson of contempt, 2 Sam. 17 27
Ba' shan, in the tooth or in ivory or in sleep, Num. 21 33
Bash' e math, perfumed, or confusion of death, Gen. 26 34
Bath' she ba, the seventh daughter, or the daughter of an oath, or
the daughter of satiety, 2 Sam. 113
Be' dad, alone, solitary, Gen. 36 35
Be' dan, alone, or according to judgment, 1 Sam. 12 11
16
Be el* ze but, according to Crudenand Brown, the same as Baalze^
bub; but according to doctor Ash, "the lord of dung, the sup¬
posed prince of devils, a fiend next in command to Satan," Mat.
10 25
Be' er, a well, the name of a city, Num. 21 16
Be' er-la ha' i roi, the well of him that liveth and seeth me, Gen:
16 14
Be er', the well of an oath, Gen. 21 14
Be' kah, half a shekel, Exod. 38 26
Bel' ancient, or nothing, or vain, a Chaldean idol, Isa. 46 1
Be' li al, wicked, or the devil, Deut. 13 13
Bel shaz' zar, master of the treasure, Dan. 5 22
Bel te shaz' zar, who lays up treasure in secret, Dan. 1 7
Ben ai' ah, the son of the lord, 2 Sam. 23 22
Ben-am' mi, the son of my people, Gen. 19 38
Ben-ha' dad, the son of Hadad, or of noise, 1 Kings, 15 18
Ben' ja min, the son of the right hand, Gen. 35 18
Ben'ja mite, one of the tribe of Benjamin, Judg. 3 15
Be no' ni, the son of my grief, pain, sorrow, Gen. 35 18
Be' or, burning, foolish, mad, Gen. 36 32
Ber* achah, blessing or bending of the knee, 1 Chron. 12 3
Be re'a, heavy, weighty, a town in Greece, Acts, 17 10
Be' rith, covenant, an idol of Canaan. Judg. 9 46
Ber ni' ce, one who brings victory, Acts, 25 13
Be' jor, glad news or incarnation, 1 Sam. 30 9
Be' tah, confidence, a city, 2 Sam. 8 8
Beth ab' a ra, the house of passage, or of anger, John 1 28
Beth' a ny, the hodse of song, or of affliction, Mat. 21 17
Beth-a' ven, the house of vanity, iniquity, trouble, Josh. 7 2
Beth-bir' e i, the house of my Creator, or of my health, 1 Chrot}.
4 31 .
Beth' car, the house of the lamb. 1 Sam. 7 11
Bet,h-da' gon, the house of corn, Josh. 19 27
Beth-dib la tha' im, the house of dry figs, Jer. 48 22
Beth' el, the house of God. Gen. 28 19
Beth' el ite, an inhabitant of Bethel, 1 Kings, 16 34
Be' ther, division, or in the trial, Cant. 2 17
Beth-es' da, the house of pity or mercy, John, 5 2
Beth-e' zel, the house of a neighbor, Micah, 111
Beth-ga' mul, the house of recompence, Jer. 48 23
Beth-hac' cer em, the house of the vineyard, Jer. 6 1
Beth-ho' ron, the house of wrath or liberty, Josh. 10 11
Beth' le hem, the house of bread or of war, Gen. 35 19
Beth' le hem ite, an inhabitant of Bethlehem, 1 Sam. 16 1
Beth-pe' or, house of gaping or opening, Deut. 3 29
Beth' pha ge, the house ofthe mouth, or of early figs, Mat. 21 1
Beth 6a' i da, the house of fruits, food, hunters or snares, Mat. 11 21
Beth'-shan, the house of the tooth,or of sleep, 1 Sam. 31 10
Beth' she mesh, house of the sun, Josh. 15 10
17
33eth u' el, filiation of God, Gen. 22 22
Be u'lah, married, Isa. 62 4
Be zal' i el, in the shadow of God", Exod. 312
Be'zek, lightening, or in the chains, Judg. 1 4
Bech'ri, firstborn, first fruits, 2 Sam. 20 1
Bid' kar, in compunction, or sharp pain, 2 Kings, 9 25
Big' than, in the press, Esth. 2 21
Bil'dad, old friendship, Job, 2 11
Bil' hah, who is old, troubled or confused, Gen. 29 29
Bir' sha,in evil, or son that beholds. Gen. 14 2
Bith' i' ah, daughter of the Lord, 1 Chron. 4 1.8
Bith' ron, division, search, 2 Sam. 2 29
Bi thyn' i a, violent participation, Jets, 16 7
Blas'tus, that buds and brings forth. Acts, 12 20
Bo a ner1 ges, the sons of thunder, Mark, 3 17
Bo' az, in strength, 1 Kings, 7 24. Ruth, 2 1
Bo' chim, the place of weeping, Judg. 2 1
Bo' zez, mud, bog, 1 Sam 14 4
Boz'rah, in tribulation or distress, Gen. 36 33
Bui', changeable, old, perishing, 1 Kings, 6 38
Buz', despised or plundered, Gen. 22 21
Bu' zi, my contempt, Ezek. 1 3
Buz' ite, a descendant from Buz, Job, 32 2
'■ QiQ^—
c
Ca'bul, displeasing or dirty, 1 Kings, 9 13
Cai'aph as, he who seeks with diligence, Mat. 26 3; or according
to doctor Ash, a rock.
Cain, possession or possessed, Gen. 4 2
Cai' nan, possessor or purchaser, Luke, 3 36
Ca' lah, favorable, opportunity, Gen. 10 12
Caleb, dog, iron, or basket, or as the heart, Num. 13 6
Ca' leb-eph' ra tah, see Ephratah, 1 Chron. 2 24
Cal'neh, our consummation, Gen. 10 10
Cal' no, our consummation, or altogether himself, Isa. 10 9
Cal' va ry.the place of a scull, Luke 23 33
Ca' mon, his resurrection, Judg- 10 5
Ca' na, zeal, emulation or possession, John, 2" 1
Ca' naan, a merchant, a trader, Gen. 9 18
Ca' naan ite, a native of the land of Canaan, Gen. 12 6
Can' dace, one who possesses contrition*, Acts, 8 27
Ca per' na utn, the field of repentance, or city of comfort, or plea*
sant city, 3Iat. 4 13
Caph' tor, a sphere, a buckle, a hand, &c. Jer. 47 4
Cap pa do' ci a, same as Caphtor, Acts, 2 9
n
18
Car' cas, the covering of a lamb, Esth. 1 10
Car' che mish, a lamb, as taken away or withdrawn, 2 Chron. S5 20
Car' mel, a circumcised lamb, harvest, fqll ears of corn, vineyard of
God, choice vineyard, Jos 15 55
Car' mel ite, a native or inhabitant of Carmel, 1 Sam. 30 5
Car' mi, my vineyard, or lamb of the waters, Gen. 46 9
Car' pus, fruit, or fruitful, 2 Tim. 4 13
Ca siph' i a, money, or covetousness, Ezra, 8 17
Ce' dron, black, or sad, John, 18 1
Cen chre' a, millet, small pulse, Acts, 18 18
Ce' phas, a rock or stone, John, 1 42
Ce' sar, from the latin Ccedo, to cut, because cut out of the womb;
the first of the Roman emperors. Mat 22 17
Ce sa' re a, a city in the land of Israel, a bush of hair, Mat. 16 13
Chal' col, who nourishes, &c. 1 Kings, 4 31
Chal de' a, as demons, robbers, breasts, or fields, Jer. 50 10
Chal de' an, a native or inhabitant of Chaldea, Ezra, 5 12
Chal' dees, natives of Chaldea, 2 Kings, 24 2
Char' ran, a singing, or calling out, Acts, 7 2
Che' bar, strength or power, Ezek. 1 1
CHed or la' o mer, generation of servitude, or roundness of the sheaf,
Gen. 14 4
Chem' a rims, the name of Baal's priests, Zeph. 1 4
Che' mosh, handling, or taking away, Num. 21 29
Chen' a ni' ah, preparation, 6r disposition, or strength of the Lord,
1 Chron. 15 22
Cher' eth ims, who cuts, tears away and exterminates, Ezek. 25 16
Cher' eth ites, same as Cherethims, 1 Sam. 30 14
Che'rith, cutting, piercing, slaying, 1 Kings, 17 3
Che' sed, as a devil,'a destroyer, Gen. 22 22
Chil' e ab, totality, or perfection of the father, 2 Sam. 3 3
Chil'i on. finished, complete, perfect. Ruth, 1 2
Chil' mad, as teaching or learning, Ezelc. 27 23
Chim' ham, as they,or like to them, 2 Sam. 19 37
Chi' os. open, or opening, Acts. 20 15
Chis' leu, rashness, confidence, Neh. 1 1
Chit' tim, those who bruise, or gold, or staining, or dying, Num.
24 24
Chi' un, an Egyptian God, whom some think to be Saturn, Amos,
5 26
Chlo' e, green herb, 1 Cor. 1 11
Cho ra' zin, the secret, or here is a mystery, Mat. 11 21
Chusb.' an-rish a tha4 im, Ethiopean or blackness of iniquitv, Judg.
3 8
Chu' za, the seer or prophet, Luke, 8 3
Ci li' ci a, which rolls or oveiturns. Acts. 6 9
Clau' da, a broken or lamentable voice, Acts, 27 16
Clau' di ar lame, 2 Tim. 4 21
Clem' ent, mild, good, merciful, FhUlippians, 4 3
S9
Cle' o phas, the whole glory,. John, 19 25
Cle' o pas, the same, Luke, 24 13
Co los' se, punishment, correction, Col. 1 2
Co ni' ah, the strength of the Lord, Jer. 22 24
Cor'inth, which is satisfied, ornament, beauty, Acts, 13 1
Co rin' thi ans, natives of Corinth, Acts, 18 8
Cor ne4 li us, of an horn, Acts, 10 1
Coz'bi, a liar, or as sliding away, Num. 25 15"
Cres'cens. growing, increasing,2 Tim. 4 10
Crete, carnal, fleshly, Acts, 27 7
Cre' tians, [shans] belonging to Crete,.Tit. 1 12
Crispus, curled, Acts, 18 8
Cush, Ethiopians, or black, Gen. 10 6
Cu' shan,* Ethiopia, blackness, heat, Hah. 5 7
Cu' shi'* black, 2 Sam. 18 21
Cy' prus,fair, or fairness, Actst 4 36
Cy' re ne, a wall, coldness, meeting, or a floor, Mat: 27 32
Cy re' ni ans, people of Cyrene, Acts, 6 9
Cy re' ni us, who governs, Luke, 2 2
Cy' rus, as miserable, or as heir, or the belly, 2 Chron. 36 22
Dab' ba sheth, flowing with honey, Josh. 19 11
Dab' e rath, word, thing, or a bee, or submissive, Josh. 19 12
Da' gon,corn, or a fish, Judg. 16 23
Dal ma nu' tha, a bucket, exhausting leanness, a branch, Mark, 8 10
Dal ma' tia, [sha] deceitful lamps or vain brightness, 2 Tim. 4.10
Dam' a ris, a little woman, Acts, 17 34
Da mas' cus, a sack full of blood, Gentt 15 2
Dan, judgment, or he that judges, a troop, Gen. 30 6
Dan' i el, judgment of God, or God ijt my judge, I Chron. 3 1
Da' ra, generation, or house of the shepherd, 1 Chron. 2 6
Da ri' us, he that enquires and informs himself, Dan. 5 30.
Da'than, laws or rites, Num. 16 1
Da' vid, beloved, dear, I Sam. 16 13
Deb' o rah, a word, thing, or a bee, Gen. 35 8'
t)ecap' o lis, ten cities, Mat. 4 25
De' dan, their breasts, friendship, or a j„udge, Gen. 16 T
De' dan im, the descendants ofDedan, Isa. 2113
De li' lah.f poor, small4 or head of hair, bucket, Judg. 16 41*
* Cushan, Cushi, these words, it would seem, ought to be pronounced Cush' an>
Cush' i, as they are evidently derived from Cush ; but the authorities are :
otherwise,
t Delilah. This word is accented on the first syllable by doctor Ash, Mr. Wal-
20
De' mas, popular, Col. 4 14
De me' tri us, belonging to corn, Acts, 19 24
Der' be, a sting, Acts, 14 6
De' u el, the knowledge of God, Num. 1 14
Deu ter o'.no my, the second book of the law. Ash.
Di a' na, luminous or perfect, the supposed goddess of hunting, the
patroness of virginity. Acts, 19 24
Di' bon, abundance of knowledge, Num. 21 30
Di' bon-gad, abundance of sons, happy, Num. 33 45
Did' y mus, a twin, double, John, 11 16
Di'mon, where it is Ted, Isa. 15 9
Di' nah, judgment, or who judgeth, Gen 30 21
Din' ha bah, she gives judgment, Gen. 36 32
Di o nys' i us, [shus] divinely touched,- Acts, 17 34
Di ot' re phes, Jupiter's foster child, 3 John, 9
Do* eg, who acts uneasily, or a fisherman, 1 Sam. 21 7
Dor, generation, or habitation, Judg. 1 27
Dor' cas, the female of a roe buck, Acts, 9 36
Do'than, the law, or custom, Gen. 37 17
Dru sil' la, watered by the dew, Acts, 24 24
Du'mah, silence, or resemblance, Gen. 25 14
Du' ra, generation or habitation, the same as Dor, Dan. 3 \
-• QiSO »
Eas* ter, the passover, a «feast of the Jews, the day on which the
Christian charch commemorates our Saviour's resurrection,
Acts, 12 4
E' bal, a heap or collection of old age, or a mass that disperses,
Deut. 11 29
E' bed,servant or laborer, Judg. 9 30
E' bed- me' lech, the king's servant. Jer. 38 8
Eb'en-e' zer, the stone of help, 1 Sam. 4 1. 7 12
E'ber, one who passes, or a passage, or anger, Gen. 10 2\
E bi' a saph, a father who gathers or adds, 1 Chron. 6 23
Ed, a witness, Josh. 22 24
E' den, pleasure or delight, Gen. 2 15
E'dom, red* earthy, bloody, or red earth, Gen. 25 30
E' dom ite, a descendant, &c. of Edom, Gen. 36 9
Ed' re i, a great mass, cloud, death of the wicked, Deut. 1 4
Eg' lah, heifer, chariot, round, 2 Sam. 3 5
Eg' la im, drops of the sea, Jsa. 15 8
Eg' Ion, round, the same as Eglah, Judg. 3 14
"ker and Mr. Maver ; on the second by Mr. Perry, which is adopted ; and is cer«
tainly sanctioned by general usage.
21
E' gypt, that binds, straightens, troubles or oppresses, Gtn. 1£ IS
E gyp' tian, [shan] a native of Egypt, Gen. 16 I
E' hud, he who praises, Judg. 3 15
Ek'ron, barrenness, tore away, 1 Sam. 5 104
Ek'ron ites, inhabitants of Ekron, Josh. 13 3
E' lah, an oak, a curse or oath, Gen. 36 41
E' lam, a young man, a virgin, Gen. 10 22
E' lath, a hind, or strength, or an oak, 2 Kings, 14 22
Elbeth' el, the God of Bethel, Gen. 35 7
El' dad, love of God, or favored of God, Num. 11 26
El e a' leh, ascension of God, or burnt offering of God, Num. 32 37-
El e a' zar,the help of God, or court of God, Exod. 6 23
El-el o' he-Is' ra el, God, the God of Israel, Gen. 33 20
EI ha' nan, grace, gift or mercy of God, 2 Sam. 21 19
fE' li, the offering or lifting up, 1 Sam. 1 25
E' li, E' li, my God, my God, Mat. 27 46
Sa bach' tha ni ^ ^a8t t^l0U f°rsaken me, Mat. 27 46
E' li ab, God is my father, or God of the father, Num. 1 9
E li' a dah, the knowledge of God. 2 Sam. 5 16
E li' a kim, the resurrection of God, or the God of the resurrection,
2 Kings, 18 18
E H' am, the people of God, 2 Sam. 113
E li' as, Mat. 11 14. See Elijah.
E li' a shib, the God. of conversion, 1 Ckron. 3 24
E li' athah, thou art my God, or my God comes. 1 Chron. 25 4
E li e' zer, help, or court of my God, Gen. 15 2
E li ho' reph, the God of winter or of youth, 1 Kings, 4 3
E li* hu, heis my God himself, 1 Sam. 1 1
E li' jah, God the Lord, or the strong Lord, 1 Kings, 17 1
E li' ka, the pelican of God, 2 Sam. 23 25
E' lim, the rams, or the valleys, Exod. 15 27 .
E lim' e lech, my God is king, Ruth, I 2
E li o e' na i, towards him are my eyes, or towards him are my
fountains, or towards him is my poverty and my misery, 1
Chron. 3 23
E liph' a let, the God of deliverance, 2 Sam. 5 16
El' i phaz, the endeavor of God, Gen. 36 4
E lis' a betb, the oath of God, Luke, 1 5
E li' sha, salvation of God, 1 Kings, 19 16
E li se' us, same as Elisha, Luke, 4 27
E li' shah, it is God. the Lamb of God, or God who gives help. Gen.
10 4. Ezek. 27 7
E lish' a ma, God heareth, Num. 110.
E lish' a ba, same as Elisabeth, Exod. 6 23
E li' shu a, God is my salvation, 2 Sam. 5 15
E li' ud, God is my praise, Mat. 1 14
E li' zur, God is my strength, my rock, or rock of God, Num. 1 5
El ka' nah, God the zealous, or the reed of God, Exod. 6 24
23
El4 mo dam, the God of measure, Luke, 3 28
EI' nathan, the gift of God, 2 Kings, 24 8
E lo' e, my God, Mark, 15 34
E' Ion, an oak, or grove, or strong, Gen. 26 34
E' lul, cry, outcry; the sixth month of the Hebrew year, Neh. 6 IS
E lu' za God is my strength, 1 Chron. 12 5
EI y' mas, a magician, Acts, 13 8
Em' ims, fears of terrors, or formidable, or people, Gen. 14 5
Em man' u el, God with us, Mat. 1 23. See lrumanuel.
Em'ma us, people despised or obscure, Luke, 24 13
Em' mor, an ass, Acts, 7 16
En' dor, fountain, or eye of generation, or habitation, Josh. 17 11
E ne' s, laudable, Acts, 9 34
En-eg la' lm, the fountain, or the eye of the calves, or of the cha«
riots, or of roundness, Ezek. 47 10
E n -ge' di, fountain or eye of the goat, or of happiness, Josh. 15 62
En- mish'pat, fountain of judgment, Gen. 14 7
E' nocH, dedicated or disciplined, or well regulated, Gen. 4 17
E' non, cloud or mass of darkness, or his fountain, or his eyes, John%
3 23
E' nos, mortal, fallen man, Gen. 4 26
En-ro' gel, the fuller's fountain, 2 Sam. 17 17
En-she' mesh, fountain, or eye of the sun, Josh. 18 17
E paph' ras, covered with foam, Col. 1 7
E paph ro di' tus, agreeable, handsome, Phil. 2 25
E pen' e tus, laudable, worthy of praise, Rom. 16 5
E' phah, weary, tired, or to fly as a bird, Gen. 25 4
E' phes-dam' mim, the portion, effusion, or drop of blood, 1 Sam.
17 1
E phe' si ans, people of Epfiesus, Acts, 19 28
Eph' e sus, desirable, chief city of Asia Minor, Acts, 18 19
Eph' pha tha. be opened, Mark, 7 34
E' phra ina, that brings fruit, or grows, Gen. 41 52
Eph' ra tab, abundance, bearing fruit, increasing, Ruth, 4 11
Eph'rath, abundance, Gen. 35 16
Eph'rath ite, an inhabitant of Ephratah, Ruth, 1 2
E' phron, dust, Gen. 23 8
Ep' i cu re' ans, who give assistance, a sect of heathen philosophers,
Acta, 17 18
Er, watch, or enemy, Gen 38 3
E ras'tus, lovely or amiable, Acts, 19 22
E' rech, length, or which lengthens, or health, physic, Gen, 10 10
E sai' as, the same as Isaiah, Mat. 4 14
E' sar had' don, one who secures joy, or closes the point, 2 Kings,
19 37
E' sau, that acts or finishes, Gen. 25 25
E'jek, contention, Gen. 26 20
Esh'baal, the fire of the idol Baal, 1 Chron. 8 33
Esh' col, a bunch of grapes, Gen. 14 13
23
EaV ta ol, stout, strong woman, Josh. 15 33
Esh' te mo' a, which is heard, or the bosom of a woman, a city, f
Sam. 30 28
Esc li, near me, or he who separates, Luke, 3 25
Es' rom, dart of joy, or division of the song, Mat. 1 3
Est' her, secret or hidden, Esth. 2 \
E' tam. their bird, or their covering, 1 Chron. 4 3
E' tham, their strength, or their sign, Exod. 13 20
E'than, strong, or the gift of the island, 1 Kings, 4 31
Eth' an itn, strong or valiant; the seventh month of the ecclesias¬
tical year of the Jews, answering to the moon of our Septem¬
ber, 1 Kings, 8 2
Eth'-ba al, towards the idol, or» with Baa!, 1 Kings, 16 31
E' thi o' pi a, blackness, heat, a country of Africa, Gen. 2 13. 2
Kings, 19 9
E' thi o' pi ans, people of.Ethiopia, 2 Chron. 14 12
Eu bu' lus, prudent, good counsellor, 2 Tim. 4 21
Eve, living, or enlivening, Gen. 3 20
E' vil-mer' o dach, the fool of Merodach, 2 Kings, 26 27
Eu ni'ce,good victory, 2 Tim. 1 5
Eu o' di us, sweet scent, Phil. 4 2
Eu phra'tes, that makes fruitful or grows, Gen. 2 14; a large river
in Asia, it runs through Armenia and Chaldea, and falls into
the Tigress about fifty miles before it empties itself into the
Persian gulf.
Eu' ty chus, happy,fortunate, Acts, 20 9
Ex' o dus, departure from a place, or going out, Ash.
E ze' ki el, the strength of God, or God is my strength, Ezek. 1 3
24 24
E' zel, going abroad, walk, or distillation, 1 Sam. 20 19
E' zi on-ge' ba, the wood,or council of the man, 1 Kings, 9 26
Ez' ra, a helper, 1 Chron. 4 17. Ezra, 7 12. In this book we have
the history of his return from Babylon to Jerusalem, after the
Seventy years captivity; Zerubabbel restored the temple-, Ez¬
ra, the worship of God; Nehemiah, the city of Jerusalem.
—
Fe' lix, happy or prosperous, Acts, 23 24
Fes' tus, festival or joyful, Acts, 24 27
For tu na' tus, lucky or fortunate, 1 Cor; 16 17
Ga' al, contempt or abomination, Judg. 9 41
24
Ga' ash, tempest, commotion, tumult, Overthrow, Josh. 24 SO
Gab' ba tha, elevated, or paved with stones, John, 19 13
Ga' bri el, God is my strength, or the strength of God, Dan. 8 16
Gad, a band, troop, happy, or armed; Gen. 30 11
Gad'a ra, surrounded, a district in the land of Canaan.
Gad a renes', surrounded, walled, the people of Gadara, Marie, 5 1
Gad' di, my happiness, my army, my troop, or a kid, Num. 13 11
Gad di' el, goat of God, or the Lord is my happiness, or my army,
Num.
Gad4 ites, descendants of Gad, Deut. 3 12
Ga' i us, Lord, or an earthy man, Acts, 19 20
Gala' tia, [sha] white, the color of milk, a country of the Lesser
Asia, Acts, 16 6 • .
Gala'tians, [shans] inhabitants of Galatia, jGal. 3 1
Gal' ba nam, a sort of gum, sweet spice, Exod. 30 34
Gal' e ed, the heap of witness, Gen. 31 47
Gal' i lee, wheel, revolution, or heap, a district in the land of Ca¬
naan, Josh. 20 7
Gal i le' an, belonging to Galilee, Marie, 14 70
Gal' lira, who heap up, cover or roll, 1 Sam. 25 44
Gal' li o, he who sucks, or lives upon milk, Jets, 18 12
Ga ma' li el, recompense of God, Num. 1 10
Gam' ma dims, soldiers placed in the tower of Tyrus, Ezelc. 27 11
Ga' tam, their lowing, or touch, or lowing of the perfect, Gen. 36 11
Gath' a press, a city, 1 Sam. 5 8
Gath-rim' mon, press of the granate, or exalted press, Josh.2\ 25
Ga' za, 6trong, or a go&t, Judg. 16 1
Ge' ba, a hill, or cup, Josh. 21 17
Ge' bal, bound or limit, Psal. 83 7
Ge' bim, grass-hoppers, or heighfc, Isa. 10 31
Ged' a li' ah, God is my greatness, 2 Kings, 25 24
Ge ha' zi, valley of sight, or vale of the breast, 2 Kings, 4 12
Gem a ri' ah, completion, or accomplishment of the Lord, Jer. 29 3
Gen nes' a ret, the garden of the prince, Mat. 14 34
Gen u' bath, theft, robbery, or garden, or protection of the daugh¬
ter, 1 Kings, 11 20
Gen'e sis, (from the Greek) a generation, the first book of th©
scriptures, Ash.
Ge' ra, pilmigrage, or combat, dispute, Judg 3 15
Ge' rah, the twentieth part of a shekel, Exod. 30.13
Ge' rar, same as Gera, Gen. 20 1
Ger ge senes', who come from pilgrimage,or fight, Mat. 8 28
Ger' i zirp, cutters, Deut. 11 29
Ger' shorn, a stranger, a traveller of reputation, Exod. 2 22
Ger1 shon his banishment, or change of pilgrimage, Gen. 46 11
Ge' shur, the sight of the valley, the vale of the ox, 2 Sam. 13 37
Ge' shur ites, inhabitants of Geshur, Josh. 13 13
Ge' ther, the vale of trial, or of contemplation. Gen. 10 23
Geth sem' a ne, a fat valley, or the valley of oil, Mat. 26 36
25
Oi" ah, to guide, draw out, or a sigh or groan, 2 Sam. 2 21
Gib'eah, a hill5t/wcfg i9 14
Gib'e on, hill, cup, elevation of iniquity, Josh„ 10 2
Gib' e on ites, people of Gibeon, 2 Sam. 21 1
Gid' e on, he who bruises and breaks, oi cutting off iniquity, Judg,
6 11
Gid e o' ni, same as Gideon, Num. 1 11
Gi' hon, valley of grace, or breast, or impetuous, Gen. 2 13
Gil' bo a, revolution of iniquity, collection of swelling and incarn¬
ation, 1 Sam 28 4
Gil' e ad, heap or mass of testimony, Num. 32 1
Gil' e ad ite, an inhabitant of Gilead, Judg. 10 3
Gil' gal, wheel, revolution, heap, Josh. 4 19
Gi' loh,he who rejoices, overturns, passes, reveals, Josh. 15 51
Gi' lo nite, an inhabitant of Giioh, 2 Sam. 15 12
Gir* gash ite, who arrives from pilgrimage, Gen. 10 16
Git' tite, a winepress, an inhabitant of Gath, 2 Sam 6 10
Gob', cistern, or grass-hopper, or eminence, 2 Sam. 21 18
Gog', roof, covering, 1 Chron. 5 4
Go'lan, passage, or revolution, Josh. 21 27
Gol' go tha, a heap or place of sculls, Mat. 27 33
Gol i' ath, passage, revolution, discovery, heap, 1 Sam\7 4
Go' mer, to finish, complete, or consuming Gen. 10 2
Go mor' rah, a rebellious people, or who fear, Gen. 13 10
Go' shen, approaching, drawing near, Geyi. 45 10
Go' zan, fleece, or pasture, 2 Kings, 17 6
Gre' cia, l*sha] the country of the Greeks, Dan. 8 21
Gre' cians. people of Greece, Joel, 3 6
Greece,a country in Asia, Zech. 9 13
Gur, the young of a beast, or dwelling, assembly, or fear, 2 King3,
9 27
—
Hab' ak kuk, he who embraces, or a wrestler, Ildb. 1 1
Hach a li' ah, who waits for the Lord, o^ the book of the Lord,
Neh. 10 I
Hach' i lab, my hope is in her, or hook in her, 1 Sam, 23 19
Ha' dad, joy, noise, cry of mariners, Gen. 36 35
Ila' dad e' zer, the beauty of assistance, 2 Sam. 8 3
Ha dar e'zer, same as Hadadezer, 1' Chron. 18 3
Ha dad-rim' mon, the voice of height, invocation of the idol Kim-
mon of the Syrians, Zech. 12 11
Ha das' sah, a myrtle, or joy, Esth. 2 7
Ila do' ram, their beauty, power, or cloak, Gen. 10 27
Ha'drach, point, or joy of tenderness, Zech. 9 1
J)
20
Ha'gar, a stranger, or that fears, Gen. 16 1
Ha1 gar enes' of the family of Hagar, Psal. 83 6
Ha' gar ites, the same, 1 Chron. 5 10
Hag" ga i, feast, solemnity, turning round, Gen. 46 16
Hag' gith, rejoicing, 2 Sam. 3 4
Hal le lu' jah, praise ye the Lord, Psal. 106 1
Ham, hot, heat, or brown, Gen. 5 32
Ha' man, noise, tumult, or who prepares, Esth. 3 1
Ha' math, anger, heat, or a wall, Num. 13 21
Ham med' a tha,he who troubles the law, or a measure, Esth. 8 5
Ila' mon-gog, the multitude of Gog, Ezelc. 39 11
Ha' roor, an ass, or clay, or wine, Gen. 33 19
Ham u' tal, the shadow of his heat, or the heat of the dew, 2 Kings,
23 31
Ha nam' e el, the grace, pity, or gift of God, Jer. 32 7
Ha nan' e el, grace, mercy, gift of God, Neh. 3 1
Han'a ni, my grace, mercy or he shewed me mercy,T Kings 16 1
Han na ni' ah, grace, mercy, gift of the Lord, 1 Chron. 3 19
Han' nah, gracious, merciful, or taking rest, 1 Sam. 1 2
Ha' noch, dedicated, Gen. 25 4
Ha' num, gracious, merciful, or he who rests, 2 Sam. 10 1
Ha' ran, mountain, mountainous country, or which is enclosed, the
name of a man, Gen. 11 26. Also, the name of a place. See
Charron, Gen. 11 31
Har bo'nah, his destruction, sword, dryness, Esth: 1 9
Ha' rod, astonishment, fear, Judg. 7 1
Har' o feheth, agriculture, silence, deafness, or vessel of earth, or
forest, Judg. 4 2
Hash mo' nah, diligence, enumeration, or embassy, or present.
Num. 33 29
Ha' tach, he who strikes, Esth. 4 5
Hav' i lah, that suffers pain, brings forth, Gen. 10 7
Ila' voth-ja' ir, the villages that enlighten, or shew light, Numb.
32 41
Haz' a el, one who sees God, 1 Kings, 19 15
Ha' zar ma' veth, court, entry, or dwelling of death, Gen. 10 26
Ila' zel el po' ni, shade and sorrow of countenance, 1 Chron. 4 3
Haz'e roth, villages, hamlets, court or porch, Num. 11 35
Ha' sor, court, or hay, Josh. 11 10
He' ber, one who passes, or a passage, or anger, Gen. 46 17
He' brews, descendants from Heber, Gen. 40 15
He' bron, society, friendship, enchantment, Gen. 23 2
He'ge, meditation, word, separation, Esth. 2 3
Heg' a i, same as Ilege, Esth. 1 8 .
He' lam, their army, trouble, or strength, a dream, &c. 2 Sam. 1#
16
Hel' bon, milk, or fatness, Ezelc. 27 18
Hel' da i, the world, or worldly, Zech. 6 10
n
He' Ii, ascending, or climbing up, Lithe, 3 23.
Hel' kath-haz' zu rim, the field of strong men, or rocks, 2 Sam.
2 16
He' man, their trouble, their tumult, Gen.' 36 22
Hen, grace, or quiet, or rest, Tjech. 6 14
Heph' zi-bah, my pleasure or delight in her, 2 Kings, 21 1
Her' mes. Mercury, or gain, or refuge, Rom. 16 14
Iler mo'ge nes,* begotten of Mercury, or generation of lucre, 2
Tim. 115
Her' mon, anathema, destruction, Deut. 4- 48
Her'mon ites,inhabitants ofHermon, Psal. 42 6
Iier' od, the glory of the skin, or son of the hero, Mat. 2 12
He ro' di ans, a6ect who supposed Herod to be the Messiah, Mat.
22 6
He ro' di as, the wife of Herod, Slat. 14 3
He ro'di on, song of Juno, or conqueror of heroes, Rom. 16 11
Hefch' bon, invention, industry, or thought, Num. 21 25
Ileth, trembling or fear, Gen. 10 15
Heth' Ion, fearful dwelling, or his covering, Ezek. 47 15
Hez e ki' ah, strong in the Lord, 2 Kings, 16 20
Hez' ron, the dart of joy, or division of song, Gen. 46 9
Hed' de kel, a sharp voice or sound, Gen. 2 14
Hi' el, God lives, or the life of God, 1 Kings, 16 34
Hi e rap' o lis, holy city, Col. 4 13
Hig gai' on, meditation, consideration, Psal. 9 16
Ililke'ah, God is my portion, 2 Kings, 18 18
Hil' lei, he who praises, or folly, or Lucifer, Judg. 12 13
Hin' nom, there they are, or their riches, Josh. 15 8
Hi' ram, exaltation of life, &c. 2 Sam. 5 11
Hit' tites, who is broken, or fears; descendants of Heth, Gen. 10 15
Hi' vites, wicked, bad, or wickedness, Exod. 3 8
Ho' bub, favoured and beloved, Num. 10 29
Ho'bah, love, friendship or secrecy. Gen. 14 15
Hog' Iah, his festival, or his dance,
lloph' ni, he who covers, or my fist, 1 Sam, 1 3
Hor, who conceives, or shews, Num. 20 22
Ho'reb, desert, solitude, destruction, drvness, Exo'd. 3 1
H or'-ha gid' gad, the hill of pleasure, Num. 33 32 •
Ilor' mah, devoted or consecrated to God; utter destruction, Num.
14 45
Ho ro na' im, anger, or raging, Tsa. 15 5
Ho' ron ite, an inhabitant of Horonaim, Neh. 2 10
Hose' a, Saviour, or salvation, Eos. 1 1
Ho she' a, the same as Ilosea, 2 Kings, 15 30
Hul, pain, infirmity, bringing forth children, Gen. 10 23
IIul' dah, the world, 2 Kings, 22 14
Uur, liberty, whiteness, hole, cavern, Exod. 17 10
* Pronounce, Kerrao'jenes.
28
flu' shai, their haste, sensuality, silence, 2 Sam. 15 32
Huz^zab, niolten, Nek. 2 7
Hy men e' us, nuptial, or'marriage, 1 Tim. 1 20.
* QQfO ■■
I
lb' har, election, or he who is chpsfen, 2 Sam: 5 15
Ich' a where is the glory, or woe to the glory, 1 Sam, 4 21
I co' ni pm, I comfe, a city in the Lesser Asia, Acts, 13 51
Id'do, his hand, power, praise, witr^ss or ornament, 1 Kings, 4 14
I du me' a,* red, earthy, a.district of Arabia, Isa. 31 5
Ig da li' ah, the greatness of* the Lofd, Jer. 35 4
I' jon, look, eye, fountain, 1 Kings, 15 20
Jliyr' i cum, joy, rejoicing, Rom. 15 19
Im' lah, plenitude; or circumcision 1 Kings, 22 8
Im man' u el, God with us, Isa, .7 14
In'*di a, praise, law; a country in Asia, Estfi, 1 1
Iph e de i' ah, the redemption of the Lord, -1 Chron. 8 25
I' ra, a city, watch, spoil.4»r heap of vision, 2 Sam. 20 26
■ I' rad, wild a6S, or heap of descents, or empire, Gm. 4 18
Ir.i'jal), the fear, vision, or protection of the Lord, Jcr. 57 13
I' saac,laughter, Gjj£,*17 19
I sai' ah, the salvation of the Lord, 2 Kings, 19 2
Is' cah, he who anoints, covers, or protects,, Gen. 11 29
Is car' i ot; a man of murder, Mat. 10 4
Is'n' bale, exhausted, or forsaken, Gen. 25 2^
Jsh'bi-be'nob, he who sits in the prophecy, or blows 2 Sam. 21 16
Ish'-bo sheth, a man of shame, 2 Sam. 2 8
Ish? ma el, God who hears,- Gen. 16 11
Ish' roa el ites, the posterity of I&hmael, Gen. 37 27
Is' ra el, a prince with, or who prevails with God, Gen. 32 28
Is' ra el ites, thf^ posterity of Israel, Exod. 9 7
•Is' ya el it ish, belonging to Israel, Let). 24 10
Is' sachar, price, reward, or recompence, Gen. 30 18
I tal' ian, belonging to Italy, Acts, 10 1
If a Iv, from a king called Italus, Acts, 11 2
Ith' a rrihr, island of the palm tree, Exod. 6 23
Ith' i el, God with me, or sign or coming of God, Neh. 11 7
3th' re am, the excellence or glory of the people 2 Sam. 3 5
It tu re' a, guarded, or a country of mountains, Luke, 3 1
J' vah, iniquity, 1 Kings, 18 31 1
*1 believe custom places the accent on the second syllable of thb word, but the
authorities are all otherwise.
29
J a' al am, who is hidden, or young man, Gm. 35 5
Ja az a ni' ah, whom the Lord will hear, 2 Kings, 25 23
Ja' bal, which glides away, or brings, Gen. 4 20
Jab'bok, evacuation, cr dissipation, Gm. 32 22
Ja'besh, dryness, confusion, shame, 1 Sam. 11 5
Ja' be6h-gil' e ad, a city, Judg. 21 8
Ja' bez, sorrow, trouble, 1 Chron 4 9
Ja' bin, who understands or builds, Josh. 11 1
Jab' ne el, building, or undertaking of God, Josh. 19 33
Ja'chin, he who strengthens, 1 Kings, 7 21
Ja' cob, he who supplants, or tfheheel, Gen. 25 6
Ja' el, he who descends, or a kid, Judg, 4 17
Jah, the everlasting God, Psal. 68 4
Ja' haz, quarrel, dispute, Num. 21 23
Ja ha' za, the same as Jahaz, Josh. 21 36
Ja' ir, my light, or who diffuses light, Num. 32 41
Ja' ir us, the same as Jair, Mark, 5 22
Jain' bres, the sea with poverty, 2 Tim. 3 8
James', the same as Jacob, Mat. 4 21
Jan' na, who speaks or answers, Luke 3 24
Jan' nes, the same as Janna, 2 Tim. 3 8
Ja'pheth, who persuades, handsome, Gen. 5 32
Ja phi' a, which, enlightens, appears, or groans, 2 Sam, i 15
Ja' reb, a revenger, Ilos 5 13
Ja' red, he who descends, or who rules, Gen. 5 15
Ja' sher, righteous, Josh. 10 13
Ja' son, he who cures, health, Ads, 17 5
Ja' van, who deceives, clay dirt, Gen: 10 2
Ja' zer, assistance, or he who helps, Num. 32 1
Je' bus, which treads or contemns, Judg. 19 10
Je' bus ites, inhabitants of Jebus Num. 13 29|
Jec o ni1 ah, preparation, or stedfastness of the Lord, 1 Chron. 3 16
Je di' dah, well beloved, or amiable, 2 Kings, 22 1
Jedidi'ah, beloved of the Lord, 2 Sam. 12 25
Jed' u thun, his law, or who gives praise, 1 Chrbn 16 41
Je' gar-sa ha du' tha, the* heap of witness, Gen. 31 47
Je ho'a haz, the prize or possession of the Lord, 2 Kings, 10 35
Je ho'ash, the fire, or the victim of the Lord, 2 Kings, 11 21
Je hoi' a chin, preparation, or strength of the Lord, 2 Kings, 24 8
Je hoi1 a da, the knowledge of the Lord, 2 Sam. 8 18
Je hoi1 a kim, the resurrection or confirmation of the Lord, 2 Kings
23 34
Je hon1 a dab, the same as Jonadab, 2 Kings, 10 15
,Je ho' ram, exaltation of the Lord, or rejected of the Lord, I Kings,.
23 15
50
J hosh' a phat, God judges, or the judgment of the Lord, 1 Kings
4 17
Je bosh* u a, same as Joshua, Num. 13 16
JE HO' YAII, self existing, Exod. 6 3
Je ho' vahji reh, the Lord will see or provide; or the Lord will be
manifested or seen, Gen. 22 14
Je ho' vah-nis' si, the Lord is my banner, Exod. 17 15
Je ho' vah sha' lom, the Lord send peace, Jttdg. 6 24
Je ho' vah-sham' mah, the Lord is there, Ezek. 48 35
Je ho' vah-tsid' ke nu,* the Lord our righteousness, Jer. 23 6
Je' hu, he who is, or who exists, 1 Kings, 16 1
Je'hu di' jah, the praise of the Lord, 1 Chron. 4 18
Je mi' ma, handsome as the day, Job, 42 14
Jeph' thah,he that opens, or will open, Judg. 11 1
Je phun' neh, he who beholds, Num. 13 6
Je'rah, the moon or month; or to scent or smell, Gen. 10 26
Je rahm' e el» the mercy or love of God, 1 Chron, 2 9
Jer e mi' ah, the exaltation or grandeur of the Lord, 2 Kings, 23 31
Jer' i cho, his moon or month, or his sweet smell. Josh. 2 1
Jer' i moth, eminences, or he who fears, who sees, who rejects,death,
I Chron. 7 7
Jer o bo' am, fighting against, or increasing the people, 1 Kings,
II 26
Je rub' ba al, a disputer about "Baal, Judg. 6 32
Je rub' be sheth, let the idol of confusion defend itself 2 Sam. 1121
Je ru' sa lem, the vision or possession of peace, Josh. 18 28; it was
first called Salem, Gen. 14 18; it is derived from Jireh and Sa¬
lem. Cruden.
Je ru' sba, inheritor, exiled, banished, 2 Kings, 15 33
Jesh' i pa°n> solitude, desolation, a desart, 1 Sam. 23 24
Jesh' u a, a Saviour, Ezra. 2 2
Jesh' u run, upright, a name of Israel, Deut. 32 15
Jes' se, to be, or who is, or my present, Ruth, 4 17
Jes' u i, equal, proper, &c. Gen. 46 17
Jes' u ites, descendants of Jesui, Num. 26 44
Je' sus, Saviour, who saveth his people from their sins, Mat. 1 21
Je' ther, he who excels, Judg. 8 20
Je' thro' his excellence, Exod. 3 1
Je' tur, order, succession, mountainous, Gen. 25 15
Je' ush, devoured, or assembled, 2 Chron. 11 19
Jew, from Judah, Esth. 2 5
Jew' ess, from Jew, a Hebrew woman, Acts, 16 1
jew' Mi, belonging to the Jews, Tit. 1 14 •
Jew' ry, the country of the Jews, Dan. 5 13
Jez' e bel, the habitation, or dunghill, 1 Kings, 16 31
Jcz ra hi* ah, the Lord arises, or brightness of the Lord, Neh. 12 42
* The t in this -word is silent.
31
Jez're el, the seed, or droppings of the friendship of God, Judg,
6 33
Jez' re el ite, an inhabitant of Jezreel, 1 Kings, 21 ]
Jid' laph, he who distils water, Gen. 22.22
Jo' ab, paternity, or voluntary, 2 Sam. 2 18
Jo' ah, fraternity, or brother of the Lord, 2 Kings, 18 18
Jo an' na, the grace, gift, or mercy of the Lord", Luke, 3 27; S3
Jo' ash, who despairs, or who burns, Judg. 6 11
Job, who weeps or cries, Gen. 46 13
Joch' e bed, glorious, honorable, Exod. 6 20
Jo'el, he who wills or commands, 1 Sam. 8 2
Joe' zer, he who aids and assists, 1 Chron. 12 6
Jo' ha, who enlivens and gives life, 1 Chron. 8 16
Jo ha'nan, liberal, merciful, pious, or the grace of the Lord, 3
Kings, 25 23
John, grace, gift, or mercy of the Lord, Mat. 3 4
Jok' shan, hard, difficult, scandalous, Gen. 25 2
Jok' tan, small, weariness, contention, Gen. 10 25
Jon' a dab, who acts in earnest, or liberally, 2 Sam. 13 3
Jo' nah, a dove, or he who oppresses, 2 Kings, 14 25
Jo' nas, the same as Jonah, Mat. 12 39
Jon' a than, given of God, or the gift of the Lord, Judg. 18 30
Jop' pa, beauty, comeliness, 2 Chron. 2 16
Jo' ram, to cast, elevated, 2 Sam. 8 10
Jor' dan, the river of judgment, or descent, Gen. 13 11
Jo' rim, he who exalts the Lord, Luke, 3 29
Jo' se, raised, exists, or who pardons, or Saviour, Luke, 3 29
Jo' seph, increase, addition, Gen, 30 24
Jo ses, the same as Jose, Mat. 13 55
Josh' u a, the Lord, the Saviour, Exod. 17 9. Zech: 6 11. Acts, 7
45. Heb. 4 8
Jo si' ah, the Lord burns; or the fire of the Lord, 1 Kings, 13 2
Jo si' as, the same as Josiah, Mat. 110
Jo' tham, perfection of the Lord, Judg. 9 5
Ju' bal, he who runs, or a trumpet, Gen■ 4 21
Ju' bi lee, a rain's horn, a feast of the Jews, every fiftieth year,
Lev 25 9
Ju' dah, the praise of the Lord, den. 29 35
Ju' das, the same as Judah, Mai. 13 55
Jude, from Judah, Jude, 1 1
Ju de' a, the country of the Jews, Ezra, 5 8
Ju' li a, downy, soft and tender hair, Bom. 16 15
Ju' li us, from the same as Julia, Acts, 27 1
Ju' ni a, youth, Rom. 16 7
Ju' pi ter, the father who helpeth, the supreme Deity of the Pagans,
Acts, 14 12
Jus' tus, just, upright, Acts, 1 23
32
K
Kab' ze el, the congregation of God, Josh. 15 21
Ka' desh, holy, or holiness, Gen. 14 7
K&' desh bar' ne a, holiness of an inconstant son, Num. 32 8
Ke' dar, blackness, of soirow, Gen. 25 13
Ked' emah, oriental, from Kedam, the east, Gen. 25 15
Ked' e moth, antiquity, old age, Dent. 2 26
Ke'i lah, she that cuts or divides, Josh. 15 44
K® mu' el, God is risen, or has raised him, Gen. 22 21
Ke' naz, this nest, lamentation, or possession, Josh. 15 7
K® nites, possession, purchase, &c. Gen. 15 19
K®' ren-hap' puch, the horn, or child of beauty, Job, 43 14
K,e' ri oth, the cities, the callings, Jer 48 24
Ke tu' rah, that makes incense to fume, perfumed, Gen. 25 1
K® zi' ah, superficies or angle, or Cassia, Job, 42 14
Ke' ziz, end, extremity, Josh; 18 21
Ktb' roth-hat ta' a vab, the graves of lust, Num. 11 34
Kid' ron, obscurity, obscure, 2 Sam 15 23
Ki^ a wall, or meeting, 2 Kings, 16 9
Kir har' e seth, the city of the sun, 2 Kings, 3 25
Kir' jath, city, vocation, lesson, or meeting, Josh. 18 28
Ki*' i atha' im, the two cities, callings, meetings, Gen. 14 5
Kir' jath-ar' ba, the city of four, Gen. 23 2
Kir' jath-a' rim, city of cities, or of those who watch, Ezra, 2 25
Kir' jath ba' al, the city of Baal, Josh 15 69
Kir' jath je' a rim, the city of woods, or forests, Josh. 9 17
Kir'jath san' nah, the city of the bush, or of enmity, Josh. 15 49
Kir'jith se' pher, the city of letters, or of the book, Josh. 15 15
Kish, hard, difficult, or straw or forage, 1 Sam 9 1
Kit' tim, he who* bruises,or gold, or colouring. Gen. 10 4
Ko' hath, congregation, wrinkle, obedience, Gen. 46 11
Ko' hath ifes, the posterity of Koha^h, Num. 4 18
Ko' rah, bald, frozen, icy, Gm. 36 5
La' ban, white, shining, gentle, Gen. 24 29
La' chish, she walks, shegoe^or who exists of himself, Josh. 10 31
Lah' mi, my bread, or my war, 1 Chron. 20 15
La' ish, a lion, Judg. 18 14.
La' meeh, poor, made low, or who is struck, Gen. 4 18
La o di ce' a, just people, Col. 2 1
La o di ce' ans, inhabitants of Laodicea, Col 4 16
Lap' i doth, enlightened or lamps, Judg. 4 4
——
33
Laz' a rus, the help of God, Luke, 16 20
Le' ab, weary, tired, Gen. 29 16
Leb' a non, white, or incense, Deut. 3 25
Leb be' as, a man of heart, or courage, Mat. 10 3
Le' gion, a Roman band of 5000 soldiers Mark, 5 9
Le' ha bim, flames, or the point ofa sword, Gen. 10 13
Le' hi, jaw bone, Judg. 15 9
Lem' u el, God with them, or him, Prov. 31 1
Le' vi, who is held and associated, Gen 29 34
Le' vites, the posterity of Levi, Exodi 6 25
Lev it' i cus, from Levi. Ash.
Lib' nah, white, whiteness, Num. 33 20
Lib' ni, the same ae Libnah, Exod 6 17 ,
Lib' y a, the heart of the sea, Africa, Ezek. 30 5
Lib' y ans, the people of Lybia, Jer. 46 9
Li' nus, nets, 2 Tim. A 21
Lo-am' mi, not my people, Hos. 1 9
Lo is, better, 2 Tim. 1 5
Lo ru ha' mah, not having obtained mercy, not pitied, Hos. 1 6
Lot,hidden,covered, or myrrh, rosin, Gen. 11 27
Lu' cas, luminous, Philem. 24
Lu' ci fer, bringing light, Isa. 14 12
Lu'ci us, luminous, Acts, 13 1
Luke, the same as Lucas, Col 4 14
Luz, separation, departure, Gen 28 19
LyV i a, the coast of llarbary, Acts, 2 10
Ly ca o' ni a, she wolf, a province, Acts, 14 6
Lyd' da, the name of a city, Acts, 9 13
Lyd' i a, begetting, birth, Ezek. 30 5. Acts. 16 14
Ly sa' ni as, one who drives away sorrow, Luke, 3 1
Lys' i as, Acts, 23 20
Lys' tra, that dissolves or disperses, Acts, 4 6
" ""
Ma' a chah, to squeeze or compress, Gen. 22 24
Ma as e i' ah, the work of the Lord, 2 Chron. 28 %
Ma' ath, Luke, 3 26
Ma' ce do' ni a, according to the Hebrew, adoration, prostration;
but according to the Greek, elevated, eminent^ a province of
Greece, Acts, 16 9
Ma' chir, he who sells or knows, Gen. 50 23
Mach' pe lah, double, Gen. 23 9
Mag' da la, tower, or greatness, Mat. 15 39
Mag' da lene, tower, or grand, elevated, Mat. 27 56
Ma' gog, roof, or that covers, or that dissolves, Gen. 10 2
E
34
Ma' gor-mis' sa bib, fear round about, Jer. 20 5
Ma ha la' le el, he who praises God, Gen. 5 12
Ma' ha lath, melodious song, or infirmity, 2 Chron. 11 18
Ma ha na' im, the two fields, or two armies, Gen. 32 2
Ma'har shal' al-hash'-baz, making 6peed to the spoil, he hasteneth
to the prey, Isa. 8 1
Mah' lah, the same with Mahalath, Num* 26 33
Mah' Ion, song or infirmity, Ruth, 1 2
Mak' ke dah, adoration, prostration, Josh. 10 10
Mai' cham, their king, Zeph. 1 5
Mai' chi-shu' a, my king is a saviour, or magnificent king, 1 Sani.
14 49 .
Mai' chus, king, or kingdom, John, 18 10
Mam' mon, riches, Mat 6 24
Mam' re, rebellious, or bitter, or changes, &c. Gen. 13 18
Man' a en, a*comforter, or who conducts, Acts, 13 I
Ma nas' seh, forgetfulness, or who is forgotten, Gen, 41 51
Ma no' ah", rest, or a present, Judg. 13 8
Ma' on, house or habitation, crime or sin, Josh. 15 55
Ma' ra, bitter, or bitterness, Ruth, 1 20
Ma' rah, the same as Mara, Exod. 15 23
Mar' cus, polite, shining, Col. 4 10
Mark, the same as Marcus, Acts, 12 12
Mars'-hill, a council place at Athens, Areopagus, Acts, 17 22
Mar' tha, who becomes bitter, Luke, 10 38
Ma' ry, exalted, or bitterness of the sea, or myrrh of the sea, or lady
or mistress of the sea, Mat. 116
Mas' re kah, whistling or hissing, Gen. 36 36
Mas' sah, temptation, Exod 17 7
Ma' tri, ruin, or prison, 1 Sam. 10 21
Mat' tan, gift, or the reins; or the death of them, 2 Kings, 1118
Mat ta thi' as, the gift of the Lord, Luke, 3 25
Mat that, gift, or he who gives, Luke, 3 24
Matth' ew, given, or a reward, Mat. 9 9
Matth i' as, same as Mattathias, Acts. 1 23
Maz' za roth, the twelve signs of the Zodiac, Job, 38 32
Me' dad, he who measures, the water of love, Num. 11 26
Me' dan, judgment, process, or measure, &.c. Gen 25 2
Medes, inhabitants of the province of Media. 2 Kings. 17 6
Me'di a, measure, habit, covering, or abundance, Esth. 1 3; the
north east of Modern Persia.
Me gid' do, that declares, or his precious fruit, or who spoils, Judg.
1 27
Me gid' don, the same as Megiddo, Zech. 12 11
Me het' a bel, how good is God, or God has done good to us, Gen.
36 39
Me hu' ja el, who proclaims God,'or smitten of God, Gen. 4 18
Mel' chi, my king, or my council, Luke, 3 24
Mel chiz' e dek, king of righteousness, Gen. 14 18
35
Mel' i ta, affording honey, the island Malta, Acts, 28 1
Mem' phis, by the mouth, the ancient capitol of Egypt, Dos. 9 6
Me mu' can. impoverished, or to prepare.certain or true,Esth. 116
Men' a hem, comforter, or who conducts them, 2 Kings, 15 14
Me' ne, who reckons, oris counted, Dan. 5 25
Me phib' o sheth, out of my mouth proceeds reproach, 2 Sam. 4 4
Me' rab, that fights, or disputes, or multiplies, 1 Sam. 14 49
Mera'ri, bitter, or.to provoke, Gen. 46 11
Mer cu'ri us, a heathen god, merchant, orator, interpreter, Acts,
14 12
Mer' i bah, dispute, strife. Exod. 17 7
Me rib'-ba al, rebellion, or who resists Baal, 1 Chron. 8 34
Mer' o dach, bitter contrition, a Chaldean deity, Jer. 50 2
Mer' odach-bal' a dan, who creates contrition, or the son of death,
Isa. 39 1
Me' rom, eminences, elevations,- Josh. 115
Me' roz, secret, or leanness, Judg. 5 23
Me' shach, who draws with force, or surrounds the 'waters, Dan.
1 7
Me' shech, who, is drawn by force, or shut up, Gen. 10 2
Me shel e mi' ah, peace or perfection of the Lord. 1 Chron. 9 21
Mes o po ta' mi a, Syria of the two rivers, or between two rivers; a
district in Asiatic Turkey, between the rivers Euphrates
and Tigress; Padanaram, Gen 24 10
Mes si' ah, anointed, Dan■ 9 25. John, 1 41-
Me' theg-am' mah, the bridle of bondage, 2 Sam. 8 1
Me thu sa' el, who desires death, Gen. 4 18
Me thu' 8e lah, has sent his death, or the arms of his death, Gen*
5 21
Mi'cah, poor, humble, or who strikes or is struck, Judg. 17 1
Mi ca i' ah, who is like to God? 1 Kings, 22 8.
Mi cha i' ah, the same, 2 Chron. 17 7
Mi' cha el; the same, Dan 10 13
Mi' chal, who has all? or who is perfect or complete? 1 Sam. 14 49
Mich' mash, who strikes, 1 Sam. 13 2
Mid' i an, judgment, or measure, habit, covering, Exod. 2 15
Mid' i anites, inhabitants of Midian, Gen. 37 28
Mid' i an i' tish. belonging to Midian, Num. 25 26
Mig' ron, fear, or a farm, or throat, Isa. 10 28
Mil'cah, queen, Gen 11 29
Mil' cam, their king, 1 Kings, 115
Mi le' turn, red or scarlet, 2 Tim. 4 20
Mi le' tus, the same as Miletum, Acts, 20 15
Mil' lo, fullness, plenitude, repletion, Judg 9 6
Min' nij disposed, reckoned, prepared, Jer. 51 27
Min' nith, counted, prepared, Judg. 11 33 •
Mir' i am, the same meaning as Mary, Exod. 15 20
Mi' sha el, asked for, or lent, or God takes away, Exod. 6 22
Miaf rephoth-ma' im, burnings of waters, furnaces, salt pits, Josh
i 1 8
Mity le'ne, purity, cleanliness, press; thecapitolpf the isle of
Lesbos, Jets, 20 14 '
Mi' zar, little, Psal. 42 6
Miz'pah, acentinel, or that waits for, Gen. 31 40
Miz' peh, the same, Josh. 15 38
Miz* ra im, tribulation, or who is straightened, Gen. 10 6
Mna' son, [from Nason] a diligent seeker, exhorter, Jots, 21 IS
Mo'ab, of the father, Gen 19 37
Mo' ab ites, the posterity of Moab, Gen. 19 37
Mol' a dah, birth, generation, Josh. 15 26
Mo'lech, king, Leo 18 21
Mo' loch, the same, Amos, 5 26
Mor' de cai, contrition, or bitter bruising, Ezra, 2 2
Mori' ah, the bitterness, or fear of the Lord, Gen. 22 2
Mo se' roth, erudition, discipline, Num. 33 30
Mo' ses, taken out of the water, Exod. 2 10
Mu' shi, who touches, or withdraws himself, Exod. 6 19
My' ra, I flow, pour out, weep, Acts, 27 5
Mys' i a, criminal, or abominable, Acts, 16 7
Ha' a man, beautiful, or who prepares for motion, Gen. 46 21
Ha am' a thitcs, who is of Naam th, Job, 2 11
Ha ash* on. one who foretels, Exod. -6 23
Ha' bal, a fool, or senseless, 2 Sam. 25 3
Ha' both, words, or prophecies, or fruits, 1 Kings, 21 1
Ha' dab, a free gift, or prince, Exod. 6 23 .
Hag ge, brightness, Luke, 3 25
Ha har' a i, my nostrils or nose, or hoarse, hot, angry, 2 Sam. 23 37
Ha' hash, serpent, or that foretells, or brass, 1 Sam. 11 1
Ha' hor, hoarse, dry, hot, angry, Gen. 11 22
Ha'hum, comforter, penitent, or guide, Nah, 1 1
Ha' in, beauty, pleasantness, Luke, 7 11
Hai' oth, beauties, or habitations, abodes, 1 Sam. 19 18
Ha o' mi, beautiful, agreeable, Ruth, 1 2
Ha' phish, the soul, or he who rests, Gen. 25 15
Haph' ta li, likeness, or who struggles or fights, Gen. 30 8
Har' cis* sus, astonishment, stupidity, Rom. 16 11
Ha'than, who gives, or is given, 2 Sam. 5 14
Ha than' a el, the gift of God, John, 1 45
Ha" than me* lech, the gift of the king. 2 Kings, 23 11
Ha' um, the same as Nahum, Luke, 3 25
Haz a rene'jkept,or flower; a native ofNazareth4 Mat. 2 23
—
37
Kaz' a reth, separated, a branch flourishing, Mat. 2 23
Ne ap' o lis, the new city; a town in Greece, Jets, 16 11
Ne bai' otb, words, or prophecies, or fruits, ] Chron. 1 29
Ne ba'jotb, the same, Gen. 25 13
Ne' bat, who beholds, 1 Kings, 11 26
Ne' bo, who speaks, prophecies, or fructifies. Num. 32 3
Neb u chad nez' zar, tears and groans of judgment, or trouble, or
sorrow of judgment, 2 Kings, 24 1
Neb u chad' rez zar, the same, Jer. 39 1
Neb' u zar' a dan, fruits or prophecies of judgment, or winnowed,
or spread, 2 Kings, 25 8
Ne' cho, lame, or who watf beaten, 2 Kings, 23 29
Ne hel" a mite, dreamer, or vale, or btf ook, Jer. 29 24
Ne he mi' ah, consolation, or repentance, or rest of the Lord, Ezra,
2 2
Ne hush' ta, snake, soothsayer, or of brass, 2 Kings, 24 8
Ne hush' tan, of brass or copper,, 2 Kings, 18 4
Ner, lamp, brightness, or land new tilled, 1 Chron. 8 33
Ne're us, same as Ner, Rom. 16 15
Ne' ri, my light, Luke, 3 27
Ner' gal, a heathen god, 2 Kings, 17 30
Ne ri' ah, light and lamp of the LordrJer. 32 12
Ne than' e el, same asNathanael, Num. 1 8
Neth' a ni' ah, the gift of God, 2 Kings, 25 23
Neth' i nims, given or offered, 1 Chron. 9 2
Nib' haz, that fructifies, or to prophecy or foretell, 2 Kings, 17.31
Ni ca' nor, a conqueror, or victorious, Acts, 6 5 [3 1
Nic o.de'mus, innocent blood, or the victory of the people, John,
Nic'o la'i tanes, victory of the'people, the followers of Nicholas,
Rev. 2 6
Nic'o las, or Nich' o las, from the same, Acts, 6 5; the Nicolaitans
held the community of wives.
Ni cop' o lis, the city of victory, Tit. 3 12
Ni' ger, black, Acts, 3 1
Nim' rim,leopard, bitterness, rebellion, or change, Isa. 15 6
Nim'rod,rebellious, or steep of descent, a ruler, Gen. 10 8
Nim' shi, rescued from danger, or that touches, 1 Kings, 19 16
Nin' e veh, handsome, or a dwelling, Gen. 10 11
Nin' evites, the people of Ninevah, Lulce, 11 30
Ni' san, flight, or standard, or proof, Neh. %■ 1; the first month of
the Jews, answering to the moon of our March.
Nis' roch, flight, proof, temptation, tender, 2 Kings, 19 37
No, stirring up, or forbidding, «7ej\ 46 25 [8 33
No a di'ah, witness, assembly, or ornament of the Lord, Ezra*
No'ah, repose, rest; or consolation, Gsn. 5 29
No'e, the same as Noah, Mat. 24 37
Nob, discourse, prophecy, 1 Sam. 21 1
No' bah, that barks or yelps, Num. 32 42
Nod, vagabond, Gen. 4 16
38
Noph, honey comb, a sieve, or that drops, Isa, 19 13
Xun, son, posterity, durable and eternal, Exod. 33 11
Xym' phas, spouse or bridegroom, Col. 4 15
o
O ba di' ah. servant of the Lord, 1 Kings, 18 3
O' bal, infirmities of old age, or of the flux, Gen. 10 28
O' bed, a servant, Ruth, 4 17
Q' bed-e' dom, the servant of Edom, 2 Sam. 6 10
O' bil, who weeps, or deserves to be bewailed, 1 Chron. 27 30-
Oc' ran, disturber, or who disorders, Num. 1 13
O' ded, to sustain, to hold, to lift up, 2 Chron. 15 1
Og, a cake, bread baked in the ashe6, Dcut. 31 4
O'hel, tent, tabernacle, or brightness, 1 Chron. 3 20
O lym' pas, heavenly, Rev. 16 15
O' mar, he who &peaks, or bitter, Gen. 36 11
O me'ga, the last letter of the Greek alphabet, the last, Rev. 1 8
Qm' ri, a sheaf or bundle of corn, rebellion, or bitter, 1 Kings
On, pain, force, iniquity, Gen 41 45
O' nan, pain, strength, power, iniquity, Gen. 38 4
O nes' i mus, profitable, useful, Col. 4 9
O'ne siph'o rus, who brings profit, 3 Tim. 1 16
O' phel, a to-wer, elevated place, or obscurity, 2 Chron. 27 3 •
O' phir, ashes, Gen. 10 29
Oph' rah, dust, fawn, lead, Josh. 18 23
O' reb, a raven, sweet, caution, mixture, or evening, Judg. 7 25
O ri' on, a constellation of the southern hemisphere, Job, 9 9
Or' nan, who rejoices, their bow, or ark, or light of the son, 1 Chron
Or' pah, the neck, or the scull, or nakedness of the mouth or face*
Ruth, 1 4
O' she a, the same as Joshua, Num. 13 16
Oth' ni, my time, my hour, 1 Chron. 26 7
Oth ni el, the time or the hour of God, Josh, 15 17
O'zem, who fasts, or their eagerness, I Chron. 2 15
O zi* as strength from the Lord, Mat. 1 8
Pa' a rai, opening, 2 Sam: 23 35
Pa dan a' ram, Padan of the field, and Aram Syria; acity of Syria
Mesopotamia, Gen. 25,20
16 16
21 15
—
39
pa les ti' na, covered, watered, or to cause rain, Exod. 15 14
Pa'gi el, prevention of, or prayer of God, Num. 1 13
Pal'ti, deliverance, or flight, Num. 13 9
Pam phyl' i a, a nation made up of every tribe, Acts, 13 13
Pa' phos, which boils, oris very hot, Acts, 13 6
Pa'ran, beauty, glory, ornament, Gen. 21 21
Par' bar, a gate or building belonging to the temple, 1 Chron. 26 IS
Par me' nas, who abides and is permanent, Jets, 6 5
Pa' rosh, a flea, or the fruit of the moth, Ezra, 2 3
Par shan' da tha, revelation of impurities, Esth. 9 7
Par1 thi ans, horsemen, Acts, 2 9
Par u' ah, flourishing, or that flies away, 1 Kings, 4 17
Pa' shur, that extends or multiplies, 1 Chron. 9 12
Pa ta' ra, which is trod under foot, Acts, 21 1
Path' ros, mouthful of dew, spread of ruin, Iia. 11 11
Pat' mos, mortal, Rev. 1 9
Pat'ro bas, paternal, or pursues the father's steps, Rom. 16 14
Pa' u, that cries aloud, or that appears, Gen. 36 39
Paul, a worker, Acts, 13 9
Paul' us, the same as Paul, Acts, 13 7
Ped'ah zur, Saviour, strong and powerful, Num. 1 10
Ped a i' ah, redemption of the Lord, 2 Kings,. 23 36
Pe' kah, he who opens, opens the eye, or is at liberty, 2 Kings,
15 25
Pek a i' ah, it i6 the Lord who opens, 2 Kings, 15 22
Pel a ti' ah, let the Lord deliver, or the deliverance of the Lord,»
1 Chron. 3 21
Pef leg, division, Gen. 10 25
Pe' leth ites, judges or destroyers, 2 Sam. 8 18
Peni' el, face, or vision of God, Gen 32 30
Pe nu' el, means the same as Peniel, Gen. 32 31
Pe nin' nah, pearl, precious, storie, or his face, 1 Sam. 1 2
Pe'or, hole,- or opening, Num. 23 28
Per' ga, very earthy, Acts, 13 13
per' ga mos, height, elevation, Rev 1 .11
Per' iz zites, a people who dwell in villages, .Gen. 15 20 .
Per' sia [sha] that cuts or divides, horseman, 2 Chron. 36 2©
Per'sis, the same meaning, Rom. 16 12
Pe' ter, a rock or stone, Mat. 14 29
Pe thu1 el, mouth of God, or persuasion of God, Joelt 1 1
Pha' lec, the same as Peleg, Luke, 3 35
Phal' lu, admirable or hidden, Gen. 46 9
Phal' ti, deliverance or flight, 1 Sam. 25 44
Pha nu' el, face or vision of God, Luke, 2 36
Pha'raoh, that distresses; that spoils: that discovery or according
to the Syriac, the revenger, the destroyer, the king, the croco¬
dile, Gen. 12 15. The common name of the kings of Egypt.
Pha'rez, division, rupture, Gen. 38 29
Phar' par, that produces fruit, or the fall of the bull, 2 Kings, 5 12
40
Phe'be, shining, pure, Rom. 16 1
Phe ni' ce,red or purple, or palm tree, Acts, 11 Id
Phi'chol, the mouth of all, or every tongue, or perfection of the
mouth, Gen. 21 22
Phil a del' phi a, the love of a brother, or of fraternity, Rev. Ill
Phi le' mon, who kisses or is affectionate; a kiss, Phil. 1
Phi le'tus. amiable, or who is beloved, 2 Tim. 2 17
Phil' ip, warlike, or a lover of horses, Mat. 10 3
Phi lip' pi, the same meaning; a city called so for Philip, king of
Macedon Acts, 16 12
Phi lis1 ti a [tsha] the country of the Philistines, Psal. 60 8
Phi lis' tim, the ancestor of the Philistines, Gen. )0 14
Phi lis' tines, those who dwell invillages, Gen. 21 34
Phi lol' ogus, a lover of learning. Rom. 16 15
Phin' e has, a bold countenance, or face of trust or protection, Exod.
6 25
Phle' gon, zealous, burning, Rom. 16 14
Phry' gi a, dry, barren, Acts, J6 6
Phu' rah, that bears fruit, or that grows, Judg. 7 11
Phy gel'lus, fugitive, 2 Tim■ 1 15
Pi-ha hi' roth, the mouth, the pass of Hiroth, or opening of liberty,
Exod 14 2
Pi' Jate, who is armed with a dart, Mat. 27 2
Pi'non, pearl or gem, or that beholds, Gen. 36 41
Pir{ a thon, his dissipation, rupture or vengeance, Judg. 12 15
Pis gah, hill, eminence, fortress, Num. 23 14
Pi sid' i a, pitch or pitchy, Acts, 13 14
Pi'son, changing, or .extension of the mouth, Gen. 2 11
Pi'thon a, their mouthful, or dilatation ofthemou'h, Exod. 1 11.
Pi' thon, his mouth, persuasion, or gift of the mouth, 1 Chron*
8 35
Pon'tius [shus] marine, or belonging to the sea, Slat. 27 2
Pon* tus, the sea, Acts, 2 9
'Por' a tha, fruitful, Esth. 9 8
Pot'i phar, the bull of Africa, or fat bull, Gen. 37 36
Potiph' e rah, that scatters or demolishes the fat, Gen. 41 45
Pris' ca, ancient, 2 Tim. 4 19
Pris cil' la,the same, Acts, 18 2
Proch' o rus, he who presides over the choirs, Acts, 6 5
Pub' li us, common, Acts, 28 8
Pu' dens, shame-faced, 2 Tim. 4 21
Pul', lean, or destruction, 2 Kings, 15 19
Pu' non, precious stone, or one that beholds, Num. 33 42
Put', lot, Esth. 3 7
Pu' rim, from Pur, Esth. 3 28
Pu te' o li, stinking, little wells, a city in Campania, Acts, 28 IS
Pu' ti el, God is my fatness, Exod. 6 25
Quar' tus, the fourth, Rom, 16 23
—<30©-*
Ha' a mah, greatness, thunder, evil or a company, Gen. 10 t
Ha am' ses, a city in Egypt, Exod. 1 11
RaV bah, great, powerful, contentious. Deut. 3 11
Rab'-mag, who destroys a multitude. Jer 39 3
Rab'-sa ris, grand master of the eunuchs, 2 Kings, 18 17
Rab' sha keh, cup bearer of tl e prince, 2 Kings, 18 17
Ka'chal, injurious, perfuming or trafficking, 1 Sam. 30 29
Ra'chel, sheep, Gen. 29 12 .
Ra' gau, a frfend, a neighbor, Luke, 3 35
Ra gu' el, shepherd, or friend of God, Num. 10 29
Ra'hab, proud, strong; Egypt, Psal. 87 4. 89 10. Large, exten¬
ded; or public place, Josh. 2 1
Rak' kath, empty, or spittle, or temple of the head, Josh. 19 35
Rak' kon, vain, void, or mountain of tears, or enjoyment, Josh.
19 46 .
Ram, elevated, sublime, who rejects or is rejected, Ruth, 4 19
Ra' mah, the same meaning. Josh. 18 25
Ra' math, raised, lofty, Josh, 19 8
Ra math a'im-zo'phim, the same as Ramah, 1 Sam. 1 1
Ra' math le'hi, elevation of the jaw bone, Judg. 15 17
Ra' me ses, thunder or rfeproach of the mouth. Gen. 47 11
Ra' moth, eminences, high places, 1 Kings, 4 13
Ra' pha, relaxation, or physic, 1 Chron. 8 37
Ra' phu, cured, comforted, Num. 13 9
Re' ba, the fourth, a square, or that stoops or lies down, Num. 31 8
Re bek' ah, fat, fattened, or quarrel, appeased. Gen. 22 23
Re bee' ca, the same, Rom. 9 10
Re'chab, square, or chariot, or team of horses, or riders, 2 Sam.
4 2
Re' chab ites, the posterity of Rechab. Jer. 35 2 .
Re' gem, that stones or is stoned, or purple, 1"Chron 2 47
Re' gem me' lech, he who stones the king, &c. Zech. 7 2
Re ha bi' ah, breadth, extent, or place of the Lord, 1 Chron. 23 17
Re' hob, breadth, space or extent, Josh. 19 28
Re ho bo' am, who sets the people at liberty, 1 Kings, It 43
Re ho' both, spaces or places, Gen. 10 11 t
Re' hum, merciful, compassionate or friendly, Ezra, 2 2
Re' i, my shepherd or friend, or my evil, 1 Kings, 1 8
Rem' a li' ah, exaltation of, or rejected of the Lord, Isa. 7 4
F
42
Rem' mon, greatness, elevation, or a pomegranate tree, Josh. 19 7
Rem' phan, an idol (which some think to be Saturn) Acts, 7 43
Reph' a el, the physic, or medicine of God, 1 Chron 26 7
Reph'a im, giant, physician, or relaxed, 2 Sam. 5 18
Reph' a ims, from the same, Gen 14 5
Reph i dim, beds or places of rest, Exod. 17 1
Re' sen, a bridle or bit, Gen 10 12
Re' u,hisfriend, his shepherd, Gen. 11 18
Reu' ben, who sees the son, or the vision of the son, Gen. 29 32
Reu' ben ites, the posterity of Reuben, Num. 26 7
Re u' el, shepherd, or friend of God, Gen. 36 4
Reu' mah, lofty, sublime, Gen. 22 24
Re' zin, voluntary, or good will, or a runner,2 Kings, 15 37
Re' zon, lean, or small, or secret or prince, 1 Kings, U 23
Rhe' gi um, rupture or fracture, Acts, 28 13
Rhe' sa, will or course, Luke, 3 27
Rho' da, a rose, Acts, 13 13
Rhodes, a rose, an island in the Mediterranean sea, Acts, 21 1
Rib' lah, quarrel, or greatness to him, 2 Kings, 23 33
Rim' mon, exalted, pomegranate, Josh. 15 32
Ri' phath, remedy or medicine, release or pardon, Gen. JO 3
Ris' sah, watering, distillation, or dew, Num. 33 21
Riz' pah, bed, or extension, or coal, or fire stone, 2 Sam. 3 7
Ro mam ti e' zer, exaltation of help, 1 Chron. 25 4
Ro'man, strong, powerful, Acts, 22 25
Ro' mans, the people of Rome, John, 11 48
Rome', [pron. Room,] strength, power, Acts, 2 10
Rosh', the head, top, or beginning, Gen. 46 21
Ru'fus, red, Mark, 15 21
Rn ha' mah, having obtained mercy, Hos. 2 1
Ru' mah, exalted, sublime, or rejected, 2 Kings, 23 36
Ruth, filled, satisfied, Ruth, 1 4
—
S
Sab' aoth, hosts, armies, Rom. 9 29
Sa be' ans, captivity, or conversion, rest, old age, Job, 115
Sab' te cha, that surrounds, or causes wounding, Gen. 10 7
Sa'doc, just, or justified, Mat. 1 14
£j,a' lah, mission, sending, branches, dart, Gen. 10 24
Sal' amis, shaken, tost, beaten, Acts, 13 5
Sa la' thi el, I have asked of God, or loan of God, 1 Chron. 3 17
Sa'lem, complete, perfect, or peace, Gen 14 18
Sa' lim, the same as Shalim, John, 3 23
Sal' mon, peaceable, perfect, or that rewards, Ruth, 4 20
Sal mo' ne, a city, Acts, 27 7
45
Salo'me, same meaning as Salmon, Mark, 15 40
Sa ma' ri a, his lees, his prison, throne, his diamond, 1 Kings,
■ 13 32
Sa mar' i tans, people of Samaria, Mat. 10 5
Sam' lah, raiment, or his left hand, or his name, Gen. 36 36
Sa' mos, full of gravel, Acts, 20 15
Sam o thra' cia, an island on the coast of Thrace, peopled by the Sat
mians and Thracians, Acts, 16 11
Sam' son, his sun, or his service, or ministry, Judg. 13 24
Sam' u el, heard of Gad, or asked of God, 1 Sam. 1 20
San bal' lat, bush in secret, or enemy in secret, Neh. 2 10
Saph, rushes, sea moss, end, consummation, 2 Sai]i. 21 13
Saph' ir, a city, Mic. Ill
Sap' phi' ra, that tells* or that writes books, or handsome, Jets, 5 1
Sa' rah, lady or princess, or princess of the multitude, Gen. 17 15
Sa'ra i, my lady, my princess, Gen. 11 29
Sat' dis, prince, or song of joy, or that remains, Rev. Ill
Sa rep' ta, a gold-smith's shop, Luke, 4 26
Sar' gon, who withdraws protection, Isa. 20 1
Sa' ron, same as Sharon, Acts, 9 35i
Sar se' chim, master of the wardrobe, or of perfumes, Jer. 39 3
Sa' ruch, branch, layer, or twining, Luke, 3 35
Sa' tan, contrary, an adversary, an enemy, anaccuser, 1 Chron. 21 k
Saul, demanded, or lent, ditch, sepulchre, death, Gen. 36 37.
See' va [Seva] disposed, prepared, Acts, 19 14
Scyth' i an, tanner, or leather dresser, Col. 311
Se' ba, drunkard, or that turns, Gen. 10 7.
Se' bat, twig, sceptre, tribe, Zech. 1 7
Se' gub, fortified or raised, 1 Kings, 16 34
Se' ir, hairy goat, demon, tempest, or barley, Gen. 32 3
Se' lah, the end or pause, Psal. 3 2
Se leu' cia, shaken by the waves,-or runs as a river, Acts, 13 4
Sem e' i, hearing or obeying, Luke, 3 26
Se'neh, bush, a rock, 1 Sam. 14 4
Senach' erib, bush of the destruction of the sword, of solitude, of
drought,2 Kings, 18 13 *
Seph' ar va' im, the two books, or two scribes, 2 Kings, 17 24
Se' rah, lady of scent or the 6ong, or the morning star, Gen, 46 17
Ser ai' ah, prince of the Lord, or the Lord is my prince, or song of
t he Lord, 2 Sam. 8 17
Ser'gi us, no meaning, Acts, 13 7
Se'rug, the same as Saruch, Gen. 11. 22
Seth, put, or who puts, Gen.,5 3
Sha al' bim, that beholds the heart, or pertains to foxes, Judg. 1' 35*
Shaara; im, gates, valuation, hairs, 1 Chron. 4 31
Sha ash' gaz, he who presses the fleece, Esth_ 2 14
Sha' drach, tender nipple, or field soft and tender, Dai}. I 7
Sha' lim, fox, fist, or path, 1 Sam. 9 4
Shal' i sha, three, or the third, or prince or captauv I Sam. 9 4
u
ShaV lum, perfect or peaceable, 2 Kings, 15 10
Shai' man, peaceable, perfect, or that rewards, IIos. 10 14
Shal man e'zer, peace, tied or chained, or taken away, 2 Kings,
17 3
Sham'gar, a 6tranger, or surprise of the stranger, Judg. 3 31
Sham' huth, desolation, astonishment, 1 Chron. 27 3
Sha' mir, prison, bush, lees, thorn, josh 15 48
Sham' mah, loss, desolation, astonishment, Gen. 36 13
Sham mu' ah, he who is heard or obeyed, Num. 13 4
Sha' phan,a rabbit, or their brink or lip, 2 Kings, 22 3
Sha'phat, a judge, or judging, Num. 13 5
Shar'ai, my lord, my prince, or my song, Ezra, 10 40
Sha re' zer, treasurer, or the treasure ot him who sings,J2 Kings4
19 37
Sha' ron, his plain, his field, or his song, 1 Chron. 5 16
Sha' shak, a bag ot linen, or the 6ixth bag, 1 Chron. 8 14
Sha'veh, the plain, or that makes equality, Gen 14 5
She ai'ti el, 1 have asked of God, Ezra, 3 2
She a ri' ah, gate ot the Lord; or tempest of the Lord, 1 Chron. 8 38
Sle'arja' shub, the remnant shall return, lsa. 7 3
She' ba, captivity, or compassing about, repose, old age, Gen. 10 7
1 Kings, 10 1
She' bah, an oath, Gen. 26 33
Sl.eb a ni' ah, the Lord who converts, or recals from captivity,Neh.
9 4
Sheb'na, who rests himself, or is now captive, 2 Kings, 18 18
She' chem,part, portion, the back, shoulders, early in the morning,
Gen 33 18
Shed' e ur, field, destroyer of fir e,Num. 1 5
She' lah,that breaks, unites, undresses, Gen. 38 5
Shel e mi' ah, God is my perfection, my happiness, my peace, 1
Chron. 26 .14
She' leph, who draws out, Gen. 10 26
Shel' o mith, my peace, happiness, recompence, 1 Chron. 3 19
She lu mi' el, peace of God, or God is my haj piness, Num. 1 6
Shem, name, renown, or who puts or places, Gen. b 32
Shem a if ah, that hears or obeys the Lord, 1 Kings, 12 22
Shem a ri'ah, God is'mj'guard, 1 Chron. 12 5
Sbem'e ben, name ot force, or of fame, of the strong, Gen. 14 2
She' mer, guardian, thorn, 1 Kings, 16 24
She mi' da, name of knowledge, Num. 26 32
Shem' i nith, the eighth, 1 Chron. 15 21
She mir' a moths the height of the heavens, 1 Chron. 15 18
Shen, tooth, ivojry, br change, or he who sleeps, 1 Sam. 7 12
She' nir, lantern, or light that sleeps, Deut. 3 9
Sheph a ti' ah, the Lqrd who judges, or the judgment of the Lord,
2 Sam. 3 4'
She' slirtch, the same meaning as Shashak, Jtr. 25 26
Sheeh baa' zar, jo^ in tribulation, or joy of th.e vintage, Ezra, 1 8
45
She' thar-boz' na i, that makes to rot, who seeks those who despise
me, Ezra, 5 3
She' va, vanity, elevation, fame, or tumult, 2 Sam. 20 25
Shibf bo leth, burden, ear of corn, current of water, Judg. 12 6
Shi' cron, drunkenness, or his gift or wages, Josh. 15 11
Silig gai' on, a song of trouble, or of comfort, title to, Psal. 7
Shi lo' ah, the same with Siloah, Isa. 8 6
Shi' loh, sent, Gen 49 10. Peace or abundance; a city, Josh. 18 1
Shi' lo nite, of the city of Shi loh, 1 Kings, 11 29
Shim'e-ah, that hears, that obeys, 2 Sam. 13 3
Shim e i, that hears, or obeys, or name of the heap, 2 Sam. 16 5
Shim' shar, my son, Ezra, 4 8
Shi' nar, watching of him who sleeps, or spoil of the tooth, or
change of the city, Gen. 10 10
Shiph' rah, handsome, or trumpet, or who does good, Exod. 1 15
Shi' shak, the present of the bag, of the pot, of the thigh, 1 Kings,
H 25
Shit' tim, that turn away, or scourges, rods or thorns,* Num. 25 1
Sho' bab, returned, turned back, 2 Sam. 5 13
Sho' bach, your bonds or chains, or his captivity, 2 Sam* 10 18
Shu' ah, pit, or who swims, or humiliation, Gen. 25 2
Shu' al, fox, hand, fist, or traces, way, 1 Sam. 13 17
Shu' hite, a descendant of Shuah, Job, 2 11
Shu' lam ite, peaceable, perfect, that recompenses, Cant.. 6 13
Sh u' nam ite, an inhabitant of Shunem, 1 Kings, 1 3
Shu' nem, their change, repeating, second, or their sjeep, 1 Sam
28 4
Shur, wall, ox, or that beholds, Gen. 16 7
Shu' shan, lilly, rose, or joy, Neh. 1 1
Shu' the lah, plant or verdure, or moist, or a pot, Num. 26 35
Sib' mah, return, conversion, captivity, old age, Isa. 16 8
Si'don, hunting, fishing, venison, Gen. 10 15
Si gi' o notb, according to variable songs or tunes, Hob. 3 1
Si' hon, rooting out, conclusion, Num. 21 23
Si' hor, black, or trouble, or early in the morniBg; the river Nile
in Egypt, Isa. 23 3
Si' las, three, or the third, Acts, 15 22
Si lo' ah? sent, or who 6ends, or dart, or branch, Neh. 3 15
Si lo' am, the same, John, 9 7
Si lo' e, the same, a division in Jerusalem, Lmlce, 13 4
Sil va' nus, who loves the woods or forests, 2 Cor. 1 19
Si in' eon, who hears, or obeys, or is heard, Gen. 29 33
Si' mon, who hears or obeys, Mat. 10 %
Sin, a bush, a wilderness, Exod. 16 1
Si' nai, a bush, the name of a mountain, Dsut. 33 2
Si' on, noise, tumult; the same as Hermon, Deut. 4 48
Sir' i on, breast plate, or deliverance, or song of the dove, Deut. 3 9
Sis' e va, that sees a horse, or a swallow, Judg. 4 2
46
Si' van, bush or thorn; the Babylonian name of the third month of
of the Jewish year, answering to our May and June, Esth. 8 9
Smyr' na, myrrh; a city in Asiatic Turkey, Rev. 1 11
So, a measure for grain, &c. An Egyptian word, 2 Kings, 17 4
So' coh, tents or tabernacles, Josh. 15 48
So' di, my secret, Num. 13 10
Sod'om, their secret, their lime, their cement, Gen. 13 10
Sod' om ite, an inhabitant of Sodom, Deut. 23 17
Sol' o mon, peaceable, perfect, or who recompences, 2 Sam. 5 14
Sop' a ter, who defends the father, or the health of the father, Acts,
So'rek, vine, hissing; Judg. 16 4
So sip' a ter, the same as Sopater, Rom. 16 21
Sos' the lies, Saviour, strong and powerful, Acts, 18 17
Spain, rare, precious, Rom. 15 24
Sta'chvs, spike, Rom. 16 9
Ste pha' nas, a crown or crowned, 1 Cor. 1 16
Ste' phen [ven] the same meaning, Acts, 6 5
Suc'coth, tents, tabernacles, Gere. 33 17
Sue* eoth-be' noth, the tabernacles of young women, or the tents of
prostitutes, 2 Kings, »7 30
Sur, that withdraws or departs, 2 Kings, ll 6
Su san- na, a lilly or a rose, or joy, Luke, 8 3
Su' si, a horse, or swallow, or moth, Num. 13 11
Sy' char, a city, John, 4 5
Sye'ne, bush, or enmity, Ezek. 29 10
Syn' ty che, who speaks or discourses, Phil. 4 2
Syr'a cuse, that draws violently; a city ot Sicily, Acts, 28 11
Syr' i a, sublime, or that deceives, Judg. 10 6
Syr' i ac, the language'of the Syrians, Dan. 2 4
Syr' i an, an inhabitant of Syria, Gen, 25 20
Syr' i ans, the plural of Syrian, 2 Sam. 8 5
Syr' o phe ni' cian, [shan] red or purple, or drawn to, Mark, 7 26
Ta' anach, who humbles, answers or afflicts thee, 1 Kings, 4 12
Tab' bath, good or goodness, Judg. 7 22
Ta' be al; the goodness of God, lsa. 7 6
Ta' be el, the same, Ezra, 4 7
Tab'.e rah, burning, Num. 11 3
Tab' i tha, clear sighted, wild goat, Acts, 9 36
Ta' bor, choice or purity, or bruising, contrition, Judg. 4 6
Tab'ri mon, good pomegranate, or goodness, raised, 1 Kings, 15 18
Tad'mor, palm tree, or bitterness, the city of Palmyra, 2 Chron
20 4
—- **
8 4
47
Ta hap' a nes, secret temptation, hidden flight, Jer, 2 16
Taph'enes, standard, flight, temptation, secret, 1 Kings, 11 Id
Tal' i tha-cu' mi, young woman arise, Mark, 5 41
Tal' mai, my furrow, or that suspends the waters, Jos. 15 14
Ta' mar* a palm or palm tree, Gen. 38 6 .
Tarn'muz, abstruse, concealed, Ezek. 8 14
Tan' hu meth, consolation or repentance, 2 Kings, 25 23
Ta' phath, a little girl, or distillation* drop, 1 Kings, 4 11
Tar' pel ites, rayishers or wearied, Ezra, 4 9
Tar' shish, contemplation of the marble, or of joy, Gen. 10 4'
Tar' sus, winged, feathered, Acts, 9 11
Tar' tak, chained, bound, shut up, 2 Kings, 17 31
Tar' tan, that examines the gift of the turtle, or their law, 2 Kings
18 17
Tat' na i, that gives, or overseer of gifts, Ezra, 5 3
Te' bah, murder, butchery, or guardian of the body, Gen. 22 24
Te' betb, the Babylonish name of the tenth month qf the Hebrews,
answering partly to our December and January, Esth. 2 16
Te' kel, weight, Dan. 5 25
Te ko' a, trumpet, or sound of the trumpet; or confirmed, 1 Chron.
2 24
Te ko' ah, the sa,me, 2 Sam. 14 2
Tel-kar'sa, heap, or suspension of the plough, &c. Ezra, 2 59
Tel me'lah, heap of salt- or of mariners, Ezra„ 2 59
Te' ma, admiration or perfection, or the south, Gen. 25 15
Te' man, the south, or Africa, or perfect, Gen. 36 11
Te' man ite, an inhabitant of Teman, Job, 4 I
Te'rah, to breathe, to scent, to blow, Gen. 11 24
Ter'a phim, an image or images, or idols, Judg. 17 5
Ter'tius [shus] the third, Rom. 16 22
Tertul' lus, a liar, an impostor,' Acts, 24 1
.Tet' rarch, governor of a fourth part of a kingdom, Luke, 3 1
Thad de'us, that praises and confesses, Mark, 3 18
Tha' hash, who makes haste, or keeps silence, Gen. 22 24
Tha'mah, who blots out or suppresses, Ezra, 2 53
The'bez, muddy, or eggs, or fine linen, or silk, Judg. 9 50
Thef la sar, that unbinds or suspends the heap, 2 Kings, 19 12
The oph'i lus, a friend or lover of God, Luke 1 3. Acts, 1 4
Thes sa lo ni'ca, victory against the Thessalians, Acts, 17 I
The u' das, a false teacher, Acts, 5 36
Thorn'as, a twin. Mat. 10 3
Thum' mim, perfection, Exod, 28 30
Thv a ti' ra, sweet savor of labour, or contrition, Acts 16 14
Ti be' ri as, good vision, or the navel, or a breaking asunder, John
6 1
Tibe' ri us, son of Tiber, Luke 3 1
Tib' ni, straw or hay, or understanding, Kings, 16 21
Ti* dal, that break the yoke, Gen, 14 1
4S
Tig' lath-pi lec ser,that hinds op takes away, captivity-, miraculous,
• op ruinous, 2 Kings 15 29
Ti me' us. perfect, honorable or admirable, Mark 10 46
Tim' nath, image, or figure, or enumeration, Gen. 38 l2
Ti' mon, honorable, Acts 6 5
Ti mo' the us, honored of God, Acts 16 1
Tim' o thy, the same. 1 Tim. 1 2
Tiph' sah, passage, leap or step, or the passover, 1 Kings 4 24
Tir' ha kah, enquirer, examiner, or dull observer, 2 Kings 19 9
Tir' sha tha, that overturns the foundation, •.Ezra 2 63
Tir' zah, benevolent, pleasing, or- that runs, Num. 26 33
Tlsh' bite, that makes captives orrecals, that dwells, I Kings 17 1
Ti' tus. honorable, 1 Cor. 2 13
Tob', good or goodness, Judg. 115
Tob'-ad oni'jah, my good God, 2 Chron. 17 8
To bi'ah, the Lord is good, or the -goodness of the Lord, Ezra
2 60
To gar' m ih, all bone, or strong, Gen: 10 3
To'hu, that lives or declares, 1 Sam. 1 1
To' i, who wanders, 2 Sam. 8 9
To'la, a worm, or grub-, or scarlet. Gen. 46 13
To' phel, ruin,folly, insipid, Deut. 1 1
To' phet, a drum, or betraying, 2 Kings 23 10
Tr o'as, penetrated ; a city, Acts 16 8
Tro gyl' li urn* a city in the island of Samos, Acts 20 15
Troph' i mus' well educated or brought up, Acts 20 4
Try phe' na, delicious, delicate, Rom. 16 12
Try pho'sa, thrice shining, Rom 16 12
Tu' bal,the earth, the world, carried or led. or confusion, Gen. 10 2.
Tu bal-cain', worldly possession, or who is jealous of confusion,
Gen 4 22
Tych' i cus, casual, happening, Acts 20 4
Ty ran' nus. a prince, or that reigns, Acts 19 9
Tyre', strength, rock, shark, Josh. 19 29
Ty' rus, the same, Jer. 25 22
—ooo—
U
U' cal, power or prevalency, Prov. 30 1
U'la i, strength; or fool, or senseless, Dan. 8 2
U'lam, the porch, the court; or their strength or folly, I Chron.
7 16
Ul' la, elevation, burnt offering, leaf, young child, 1 Chron. 7 39
Un' ni, poor or afflicted, or who answers, 1 Chron. 15 18
U' phaz, gold of Pfiasis or Pison, the finest gold, Jer. 10 9
Ur, fire or light, Gen. 11 28
49
U' ri, my light or fire, Exod. 312
U ri' ah, the Lord is my light or fire, or the light of the Lord, 2
Sam. 11 3
Uri'jah, the light of the Lord, 2 Kings, 16 10
U ri'el. God is my light or fire, or the light of God; 1 Chron 15 S •
U' rim, lights. Urim and Thummim, lights and perfection, Exod.
28 30 Cruden.
Uz, counsel, or wood, or to fix or fasten to, Gen. 10 23
Uz' zah, strength, or a goat, 2 Sam. 6 3
Uz'zen she'rah, ear of the flesh, or of the parent, 1 Chron. 7 24*
Uz' zi, my strength, or my kid, 1 Chron. 6 5
Uz zi' ah, toe strength of the Lord, 2 Kings, 15 13
Uz zi' el, the strength of God, 1 Chron 7 7
Uz zi'elites, the posterity of Uzziel, Num. 3 27
—©©©—
Vash' ni, the second, 1 Chron. 6 28
Vash' ti, that drinks, or thread, or woof, Esth. -1 9
Voph' si, fragment, or diminution, Num. 13 14
—©Q©—»
z
Zab' di, portion, dowry, Josh. 7 1
Zacche' us, pure, clean, just or justified, Luke, 19 5
Zach' a ri' ah, memory of the Lord, or man of the Lord, 2 Kings,
14 29
Zach a ri' as, the same as Zachariah, Luke, 1 5
Za'dok, just or justified, 2 Sam. 8 17
Za' ham, crime, filthiness, impurity, 2 Chron. 1119
Za' ir, little, or afflicted, in tribulation, 2 Kings, 8 21
ZaP mon, his shade, obscurity, his image, Judg. 9 48
Zal mo'nab, the shade, or the sound of the number, Num. 33 41
Zal mun' na, b' "dow, image, or idol forbidden, or noise of trouble,
Judg 8
Zam zum' mims, enormous crimes, Deut. 2 20
Za no' ah,Jforge'.fulness, or desertion, or this rest, Josh. 15 34
Zaph' nath-pa a ne' ah, one who discovers hidden thiDgs, or a Sa¬
viour of the world. Gen. 41 45
Za'rah, the east,or brightness, Gen. 38 30
Zar' e phath, ambush of the mouth, a crucible, 1 Kings, 17 9
Zeb a di' ah, portion of the Lord, or the Lord is my portion, 1 Chron
8 15
G
50
Ze' bah, victim, sacrafice, immolation, Judg. 8 5
Zeb' e dee, abundant, portion, Mat. 4 21
Ze bo'im, deer, goats, Gen. 14 2
Ze' bul, habitation, Judg. 9 28
Zeb' u lan, dwelling, habitation, Gen. 30 20
Zeehari'ah, 6ame as Zachariah, 1 Chron. 5 7
Zed e ki' ah, the Lord is my justice, or the justice of the Lord, 1
Kings, 22 11
Ze' eb, wolf, Judg. 7 25
Ze' lek, the shadow of him who lieks, laps or strikes, 2 Sam 23 37
Ze lo'phe had, the shadow, or tingling of fear, or the fear of sub¬
mission, or being burnt, Num 26 33
Ze lo'tes, jealous, Or full of zeal, Luke, 6 15
Zei' zah, noon-tide, 1 Sam. 10 2
Ze' nas, living, Tit. 3 13
Zeph' a ni' ah, the .'Lord is my secret,-or the secret of the Lord, 2
Kings, 25 18 .
Ze' phath, which beholds, attends, or covers, Judg. 1 17
'Ze'pho, who sees, or expects, or covers, Gen. 36 11
Ze' rah, same signification as Zatah, Gen. 36 13
Zer'e da, ambush, change of dominion, or descent, 1 Kings, 11 28
Ze' resh, misery, stranger, strange or dispersed inheritance, or
crown of inheritance, or of misery, Esth. 5 10
Ze' ror, root, or that straightens, or binds, or a stone, 1 Sam. 9 1
Ze ru'ah, leprous, or wasp, or hornet, 1 Kings, 11 26
Ze rub' babel, banished, or a stranger at Babylon, or dispersion of
confusion, Ezra, 2 2
Ze ru i' ah, pain or tribulation, or chains of the Lord, 2 Sam. 2 18
Ze'thar, he who examines or beholds, Esth. 1 10
Zi' ba, an arrpy, fight, strength, stag, 2 Sam 9 2
Zib' e on, iniquity that dwells, or elevation, or swelling, Gen. 36 2
Zib i' ah, deer, goat, or honorable, or the Lord dwells, 2 Kings, 12 1
Zich' ri, that remembers, or that is a male, Exod. 6 21
Zi' don, hunting, fishing, venison, Gen. 49 13
Zi do' ni ans, the inhabitants of Zidon, Judg. 10 12
Zif, this or that, or brightness; the second Hebrew month, answer¬
ing to the moon of April and May, 1 Kings, 6 1
Zik' lag, measure pressed down, 1 Sam. 27 6
Zil' lah, shadow, roasted, tingling of the ear, Gen. 4 19
Zil' pah, distillation, or contempt of the mouth, Gen, 29 24
Zim' ran, song, singer, or vine, Gen. 25 2
Zim' ri, my field, my vine, or my branch, Num. 25 14
Zin, buckler, coldness. Num. 13 21
Zi' on, a monument, heap- of stones, sepulchre, turret, 2 Sam. 5 7
Zi' or, ship of him who watches, or of the enemy, Josh. 15 54
Ziph, this mouth, or mouthful, Josh. 15 24
Zip' por, bird, or crown, or desert, Num. 22 2
Zip'po rah, beauty, trumpet, Exod. 2 21
Zith' ri, te hide, demolished, or my refuge, Exod, 6 22
51
Ziz, flower, branch, a lock of hair,2 Chron. 20 16
Zo' an, motion,Num. 13 32
Zo'ar, little, small Gen 14 2
Zo' bah, an army, a commandment, or a swelling, 1 Sam. 14 47
Zo'liar, white, shining, or dryness, Gen. 23 8
Zo' he leth, that creeps, Slices, or draws, 1 Kings, 1 9
Zo' phar, rising early, or crown, or little bird, or goat, Job, 2 11
Zo'rah, leprosy or scab, Josh' 19 41
Zo' ro ba' bel, the same as Zerubbabel, Mai. 1 12
Zu' ar, small, Num 1
Zuph, who beholds or watches; or roof, or covering, 1 Sam. 1 1
Zur, stone, rock, or that besieges, Num. 23 15
Zu' ri shad' da i, the Almighty is my rock, my strength, Num. 1 6
Zu'zems, the posts of a door, or splendour, beauty, Gen. 14 5
TABLES
OF
Hebraic Time, Weigivts & Pleasures.
THE Jewish year was of the lunar kind, reckoning by twelve
moons, each month commencing at new moon, and adding an inter¬
calary month every three years, to recover the equinoctial point.
The Hebrews began their sacred year in March, because therein
they came out of Egypt, at the new moon. Their civil year began
in Ethanim or Tisri.the seventh month of the sacred year, corres¬
ponding with our September, as it was supposed that the world
was created about that time of the year.
Sacred\ or Ecclesiastical Year.
1st. month, Abib or Nisan, answering to the latter part of March
and beginning of April.
2d. Mo. Jiar or Zif, April and May;
3d Mo Sivan, , May and June.
4t.h. Mo. Thammuz, June and July.
5th. Mo. Ab, July and August.
P»Note. For the pronunciation and signification rf the words
Abib, Adar, Bnl, Chisleu, Elul, Ethanim, ISisan, Sebat and Zif,
see the foregoing'Nomenclature.
6th. Mo. Elul,
7th. Mo. Ethanim or Tisri,
8th! Mo. Marschevan or Bui.
9th. Mo. Chisleu,
10th. Mo. Thebet,
llt.h. Mo. Sebat,
12th. Mo. Adar or Yeadar,
August and September.
September and October.
October and November.
November and December.
December and January.
January and February.
February and foaich.
The Hebrews began their ecclesiastical and civil cay of twenty-
four hours, in the evening, or at sun set.
53
Hours.
The day, reckoning from sun rise unt il sun set, and the night
from sun set until 3 in rise, was each divided into twelve equal parts
called the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, &c hours; and as the days and nights
grew longer or shorter, the hours wereiri the same proportion.
Watches.
Under the Roman government, the night was divided into four
equal parts, called watches, each watch continuing three hours.
»<» srciraT*
Silver Money, in Sterling, Dollars, Cents and Mills:
1 Gerah is equal to
10 Gerars are 1 Bekah
2 Bekahs 1 Shekel or piece
50 Shekels or pieces 1 Maueh
60 Manehs 1 Talent
£ s.
d.
#.c.
tn-
1
2
5
1
1
00 25
3
2
3
00 50
6
5 14
0
25 34
7
342 3
9
1520 83
3
Gold Money.
A Solidus or Sextulu is equal to 12 2 67 5
A Shekel of Gold 1 16 6 8 11 1
A Talent of Gold 5,475 0 0 24,333 33 3
The Roman denarius or penny, was equal to seven pence three
farthings, or to fourteen cents three and a half mills of our money.
11 ■ *
Reduced to pounds, ounces, penny-weights and grains, Troy
weight.
A Dram is equal to
4 Drams 1 Shekel
60 Shekels 1 Maneh
50 Manehs 1 Talent
lb.
oz%
dwt.
0
0
2
0
0
9
2
3
6
113
10
1
gr.
6
2
10
10
£f*NoTE. In reckoning money, fifty shekels make a maneh; but
in weight sixty shekels.
54
OF
REDUCED TO ENGLISH WINE 3IEASURE.
gals, pis. solid inches.
<3 '
A Caph is equal to 0
0 5-8
'177
1 1-3 Caph 1 Log 0
0 5-6
'235
■ 4 Logs 1 Cab 0
s
1-3
'94
3 Cabs 1 llin 1
2
2'22
2 Hins 1 Seah or measure 2
4
5'44
3 Seahs or 10 Omers 1 Bath or Epba 7
4
15'32
10 Baths 1 Chomer or Ilomer 75
5
G'3
•—©O©—
INSk
Yds.
Ft.
In.
Etc.
A Digit or Finger's breadth is equal to
0
0
0
'912
4 Digits equal to 1 Palm or handbreadth
0
0
3
'648
3 Palms 1 Span
0
0
10
'944
2 Spans 1 Cubit
0
1
9
'888
4 Cubits 1 Fathom,
2
1
3
'552
1 1-2 Fathoms,or 6 Cubits, 1 Ezekiel's Reed,3
1
11
'328
2 Fathoms, equal to 1 Arabian Pole,
4
2
7
'104
80 Cubits, one Measuring Line or Schenus
, 48
1
10
'04
Apace, is equal to
0
5
0
A stadium or Furlong, is one tenth of an eas¬
tern mile, equal to
233
0
7
if*
A Sabbath day's -journey 5 Furlongs,
1216
0
0
A day's journey 33 miles apd 288 yards.
The names qf the several denominations of money, weights and
measures, mentioned in -the four preceding tables, with one or
more references to each, except the words Caph and Solidus, viz:
Bath, Isa. 5 10
Bekah, Exod. 38 26
Cab, 2 Kings, 6 25
Cubit, (from the Latin, Cubitus) the elbow, the length of the arm
from the elbow to the extremity of the middle linger, Gtn 6 15
Day's journey, Num. 11 31
Dram, 1 Chron. 29 27. Ezra, 2 69
Digit, or Finger's Breadth, (from the Latin, Digitus,) a finger,
Jer. 52 21
Ephah, Excd. 16 36
55
Ezekiel's Reed, Ezelc. 40 3
Fathom, Act*, 27 28
Furlong, Luke, 24 13
Gerah, Exod 30 13
Hin, Exod. 29 40
Ilomer, Exod. 16 36
Log, Lev. 14 10
Maneh, Ezek. 45 12
Mile, Mat. 5 41
Omer, Exod. 16 16
Palm, or hand breadth,Exod. 25 25
Pace, 2 Sam. 6 13
Sabbath day's journey, Acts, 1 12
Seah, or Measure, 2 Kings, 7 1. Mat. 13 33
Sheke , Num. 3 47
Span, Exod 28 16
Talent, Exodt. 25 39
TO THE READER.
AFTER the adoption of the federal constitution,
having been twice unanimously elected to the office of
chief magistrate; shortly before the expiration of the se¬
cond term of his presidency, General Washington
published the following address to the citizens of the
United States. From the strength and purity of the
style and on account of the sound political principles, and
the moral and religious sentiments it contains, it ought
to be put into the hands of the American youth, at an
early period.
To make it convenient to be read by classes as school
lessons, it is here thrown into short passages, of one, two
or three sentences; but still the* original paragraphs are
preserved, as in Ramsey's life of Washington, and are
designated by inverted commas.
II
the:
VALYDICTQIV1 ADDRESS
or
commander in chief of the american armies during the
revolutionary war.
"FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CITIZENS,
" TUB period for a new election of a citizen to
administer the executive government of the United States
being not far distant, and the time actually arrived when
your thoughts must be employed in designating the per
son who is to be clothed with that important trust, it
appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a
more distinct expression of the public voice, that I should
now apprize you of the resolution I have formed, - to de¬
cline being considered among the number of those out
of whom the choice is to be made.
" I beg you at the same time to do me the justice to be
assured, that this resolution has not been taken, without
a strict regard to all the considerations appertaining to
the relation which binds a dutiful citizen to his country;
and that in withdrawing the tender of service, which si¬
lence in my situation might imply, I am influenced by
no diminution of zeal for your future interest; no defici¬
ency of grateful respect for your past kindness; but am
supported by a full conviction, that the step is compati¬
ble with both.
" The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto, in the
office to which your suffrages have twice called me, have
been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of
duty, and to a deference for what appeared to be your,
desire.
I constantly hoped that it would have been much
earlier in my power, consistently with motives which 1
60
was not at liberty to disregard, to return to that retire¬
ment from which I had been reluctantly drawn.
The strength of my inclination to do this, previous to
the last election, had even led to the preparation ot an
address to declare it to you; but mature reflection on the
then perplexed and critical posture of our affairs with
foreign nations, and the unanimous advice of persons en¬
titled to my confidence, impelled me to abandon the
idea.
" I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external as
well as internal, no longer renders the pursuit of inclina¬
tion incompatible with the sentiment of duty or propri¬
ety; and am persuaded whatever partiality rr ay be re¬
tained for my services, that in the present circumstances
of our countrv, you will not disapprove of my determi¬
nation to retire.
" The impressions with which I first undertook the
arduous trust, were explained on the proper occasion.
In the discharge of this trust, I will only say, that I have
with good intentions, contributed toward the organiza¬
tion and administration of the government, the best ex¬
ertions of which a very fallible judgment was capable.
Not unconscious, in the outset, of the inferiority of
my qualifications, experience in my own eyes, perhaps'
still more in the eyes of others, has strengthened the
motives to diffidence of myself; and every day the in¬
creasing weight of years admonishes me more and more,
that the shade of retirement is as necessary to me as it
would be welcome.
Satisfied that if any circumstances have given peculiar
value to my services, they were temporary, I have the
consolation to believe, that while choice and prudence
invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism does not
forbid it.
" In looking forward to the moment which is to termi¬
nate the career of my political life, my feelings do not
permit me to suspend the deep acknowledgment of that
debt of gratitude which I owe to my beloved country,
for the many honors it has conferred upon me; still more
61
for the stedfast confidence with which it has supported
me; and for the opportunities I have thence enjoyed of
manifesting my inviolable attachment, by services faithful
and persevering, though in usefulness unequal to my
zeal.
If benefits have resulted to our country from these ser¬
vices, let it always be remembered to your praise, and as
an instructive example in our annals, that under circum¬
stances in which the passions, agitated in every direction,
were liable to mislead; amidst appearances sometimes du¬
bious; viscissitudes of fortune often discouraging; in si¬
tuations in which not unfrequently wTant of succsss has
countenanced the spirit of criticism, the constancy of
your support was the essential prop of the efforts, and
a guarantee of the plans by which they were effected.
Profoundly penetrated with this idea, I shall carry it
with me to my grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing
wishes, that heaven may continue to you the choicest to¬
kens of its beneficence; that your union and brotherly
affection may be perpetual; th&t the free constitution,
which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly main¬
tained; that its administration in every department may
be stamped with wisdom and virtue; that, in fine,
the happiness of the people of these states, under
the auspices of liberty, may be made complete, by so
careful a preservation, and so prudent a use of this bless¬
ing, as will acquire to them the glory of recommending it
to the applause, the affection, and the adoption, of every
nation which is yet a stranger to it.
" Here, perhaps, I ought to stop. But a soiititude For
your welfare, which cannot end but with my life, and the
apprehension of danger natural to that solicitude, urge
me, on an occasion like the present, to offer to your so-
letnn contemplation, and to recommend to your frequent
review, some sentiments, which are the result of much
reflection, of no inconsiderable observation, and which
appear to me all important to the permanency of your fe¬
licity as a people.
These will be offered to you with the more freedom,
62
as you can only see in them the disinterested warnings
of a departing friend, who can possibly have no personal
motive to bias his counsel. Nor can 1 forget, as an en
couragement to it, your indulgent reception ot iny senti¬
ments on a former and not dissimilar occasion.
" Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every liga¬
ment of your hearts, no recommendation of mine is ne¬
cessary to fortify or confirm the attachment.
" The unity of government, which constitutes you one
people, is also now dear to you. It is justly so; for it is
a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence;
the support of your tranquility at home; your peace
abroad; of your safety, of your prosperity, of that very
liberty which you so highly prize.
But as it is easy to foresee, that from different causes
and from different quarters, much pains will be taken,
many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the
conviction of this truth; as this is the point in your politi¬
cal fortress, against which the batteries of internal and ex¬
ternal enemies will be most constantly and actively,
though often covertly and insidiously, directed, it is of
infinite moment, that you should properly estimate the
immense value of your national union, to your collective
and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cor¬
dial, habitual, and immoveable attachment to it; accus¬
toming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the pal¬
ladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching
for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenanc ¬
ing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in
any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon
the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any por¬
tion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sa¬
cred ties which now link together the various parts.
" For this you have every inducement of sympathy a*nd
interest Citizens by birth or choice ofacomn on coun¬
try, that country has a right to concentrate your affecti¬
ons. The name of American, which belongs to you
in your national capacity,must always exalt the justpride
63
of patriotism, more than any appellation derived from
local discriminations.
With slight shades of difference, you have the same
religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You
have in a common cause fought and triumphed together;
the independence and liberty you possess, are the work
of joint councils, and joint efforts; of common dangers,
sufferings and successes.
" But these considerations, however powerfully they
address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly out¬
weighed by those which apply more immediately to your
interest. Here every portion of our country finds the
most commanding motives for carefully guarding ahd
preserving the union of the whole.
" The north, in an unrestrained .intercourse with the
south, protected by the equal laws of a common govern¬
ment, finds in the productions ot the latter, great additi¬
onal resources of maritime and commercial enterprise,
and precious materials of manufacturing industry.
The south in the same intercourse, benefiting by the
agency of the north, sees its agriculture grow and it9
commerce expand. Turning partly into its own chan¬
nels the seamen of the north, it finds its particular naviga¬
tion invigorated; and while it contributes, in different
ways, to nourish and increase the general mass of the
national navigation, it looks forward to the protection of
a maritime strength, to which itself is unequally adapted.
The east in like intercourse with the west, already
firids, and in the progressive improvement of interior
communications, by land and water, will more and more'
find a valuable vent for the commodities which it brings
from abroad, or manufactures at home.
The west derives from the east supplies requisite to its
growth andcomfort; and what is perhaps of still greater
consequence, it must of necessity owe the secure enjoy¬
ment of indispensable outlets for its own productions, to
the weight, influence, and the future maritime strength of
the Atlantic side of the union, directed by an indissolu¬
ble community of interest as one nation, Any other te~
64
nure by which the west can hold this essential advantage,
whether derived from its own separate strength, or from
an apostate and unnatural connection with any foreign
power, must be intrinsically precarious.
" While then every part of our country thus feels an
immediate and particular interest in union, all the parts
combined cannot fail to find in the united mass of means
and efforts, greater strength, greater resource, proportion-
ably greater security from external danger, a less fre¬
quent interruption of their peace by foreign nations; and
what is of inestimable value, they must derive from union
an exemption from those broils and wars between them¬
selves which so frequently afflict neighboring countries,
not tied together by the same government; which their
own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce; but
which opposite foreign alliances, attachments and in¬
trigues, would stimulate and embitter.
Hence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those
overgrown military establishments, which, under any
form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which
are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican
liberty. In this sense it is, that your union ought to be
considered as a main prop of your liberty, and that the
iove of the one, ought to endear to you the preservation
>f the other.
" These considerations speak a persuasive*language to
very reflecting and virtue us mind, and exhibit the con-
inuance of the union as a primary object of patriotic
Idesire. Is there a doubt whether a common government
I O
Jean embrace so large a sphere? Let experience solve it.
To listen to mere speculation in such a case,weie criminal.
We are authorized to hope that a proper organization
of the whole, with the auxiliary agei>cy of governments
for the respective sub-divisions, will affcrd a happy issue
to the experiment. It is well worth a fair and full expe¬
riment.
With such powerful and obvious motives to union,
affecting all parts of our country, wbde experience shall
not have demonstrated its impracticability,.there will al
65
ways be reason to distrust the patriotism of those wh©>
in any quarter, may endeavor to weaken its bands.
" In contemplating the causes which may disturb our
union, it occurs as matter of serious concern, that any
ground should have been furnished for characterizing
parties by geographical discriminations; northern and
southern; Atlantic and western; whence designing men
may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real differ¬
ence of local interests and views.
One of the expedients of party to acquire influence,
within particular districts, is to misrepresent the opinions
and aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves
too much against the jealousies and heart-burnings which
spring from these misrepresentations; they tend to ren¬
der alien to each other, those who ought to be bound to¬
gether by fraternal affection.
The inhabitants of our western country have lately had
a useful lesson on this head. They have seen, in the ne-
gociation by the executive, and in the unanimous ratifi¬
cation by the senate, of the treaty with Spain, and in the
universal satisfaction at that event throughout the United
States, a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspici¬
ons propagated, among them of a policy in the general
government, and in the Atlantic states, unfriendly to their
interests in regard to the Mississippi.
They have been witnesses to the formation of two
treaties, that with Great Britain, and that with. Spain,
which secure to them every thing they could desire, in res¬
pect to our foreign relations, toward confirming their
prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the
preservation of these advantages on the union by which
they were procured? Will they not henceforth be deaf to
those advisers, if such there are, who would sever them
from their brethren, and connect them with aliens?
" To the efficacy and permanency of your union, a
government for the whole is indispensible. No allian¬
ces, however strict, between the parts, can be an adequate
substitute; they must inevitably experience the infrac-
CG
tions and interruptions which all alliances, in all times,
have experienced.
Sensible of this momentous truth, you have improved
upon your first essay, by the adoption of a constitution
of government, better calculated than your former, for an
intimate union, and for the efficacious management of
your common concerns.
This government, the offspring of our own choice, un-
influenced and unawed; adopted upon full investigation
and mature deliberation; completely free in its princi¬
ples; in the distribution of its powers uniting security
with energy, and containing within itself a provision for
its own amendments, has a just claim to your confi¬
dence and your support. Respect for its authority, com¬
pliance with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are
duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true li¬
berty.
The basis of our political systems is the right of the
people to make and to alter their constitutions of go¬
vernment. But the constitution which at any time ex¬
ists, until changed by an explicit and authentic act of the
whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very
idea of the power and the right of the people, to establish
a government, pre-supposes the duty of every individual
to obey the established government.
" All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all com¬
binations'and associations, under whatever plausible cha¬
racter, with the red design to direct, control, counteract,
or awe the regular deliberations and action of the con¬
stituted authorities, are destructive of this fundamental
principle, and of fatal tendency.
They serve to organize faction; to give it an artificial
and extraordinary force; to put in the place of the dele¬
gated will of the nation, the will of a party, often a small,
but artful and enterprizing minority of the community;
and according to the alternate triumphs of different par¬
ties, to make the public administration the mirror of the
»ill-concerted and incongruous projects of faction, rather
than the organ of consistent and wholesome plans, digest-
67
cd by common councils, and modified by mutual inte¬
rests.
" However combinations or associations of the above
description may now and then answer popular ends, they
are likely, in the course of time and things, to become
potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious and unprin¬
cipled men, will be enabled to subvert the power of the
people, and to usurp for themselves the reins of govern¬
ment; destroying afterwards the very engines which have
lifted them to unjust dominion..
" Toward the preservation of your government, and
the permanency of your present happy state,it is requisite
not only that you steadily discountenance irregular op¬
positions to its acknowledged authority,butalso that you
resist with care the spirit of innovation upon its princi¬
ples, however specious the pretexts.
One method of assault, may be to effect in tfje forms-
of the constitution, alterations which will impair the ener¬
gy of the system, and thus to undermine what cannot be
directly overthrown.
In all the changes to which you may be invited, re^
member that time and habit are. at least as necessary to
fix the true character of governments, as of other human
institutions; that experience is the surest standard, by
which to test the real tendency of the existing constituti¬
on of the country; that facility in changes upon credit of
mere hypothesis and opinion, exposes to perpetual change
from the endless variety of hypothesis and opinion; and
remember, especially,-that for the efficient management of
your common interests, in a country so extensive as ours,,
a government of as much vigor as is consistent with the
perfect security of liberty, is indispepsihle. Liberty-it¬
self, will find in such a government, with powers pro¬
perly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian.
It is, indeed, little else than a name, where the govern¬
ment is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of faction,
to confine each member of society within the limits pre¬
scribed by the laws, and to maintain all in the secure and
tranquil enjoyment of the rights of person and property..
63
« I have already intimated to you the danger of par¬
ties in the state, with particular references to the founding
of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now
take a more comprehensive view,, warn you in the most
solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of
party, generally.
This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our
nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the
human mind. It exists under different shapes in all go¬
vernments, more or less stifled, controlled or repressed;
but in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest
rankness, and is truly their worst enemy.
" The alternate domination of one faction over ano¬
ther, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party
dissention, which in different ages and countries has per¬
petrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful
despotism.
But this leads at length to a more formal and perma¬
nent despotism. The disorders and miseries which re¬
sult, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security
and repose in the absolute power of an individual; and
sooner or later, the chief of some prevailing faction, more
able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this
disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the
ruins of public liberty.
" Without looking forward to an extremity of this
kind, which nevertheless ought not to be entirely out of
sight, the common and continual mischiefs of the spirit
of party, are sufficient to make it the interest and duty of
a wise people to discourage and restrain it.
"It serves always to distract the public councils, and
enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the com¬
munity With ill founded jealousies and false alarms; kin¬
dles the animosity of one party against another; foments
occasional riot and insurrection.
It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption,
which find a facilitated access to the government itself,
through the channels of party passions. Thus the polb
09
cyand the will of one country, are subjected to the policy
and will of another.
" There is an opinion that parties in free countries are
useful checks upon the administration of the government,
and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This, with¬
in certain limits, is probably true; and in governments of
a monarchical cast, patriotism may look with indul¬
gence, if not with favor, upon the spirit of party.
But in those of the popular character, in governments
purely elective,it is a spirit not to be encouraged. From
their natural tendency, it is certain there will always be
enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose.
And there being constant danger of excess, the effort
ought to be, by force of public opinion, to mitigate and
assuage it. , A fire not to be quenched, it demands a uni¬
form vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest,
instead of warming, it should consume.
" It is important, likewise, that the habits of thinking,
in a free country, should inspire caution in those intrust¬
ed with its administration, to confine themselves within
their respective constitutional spheres, avoiding in the ex¬
ercise of the powers of one department, to encroach upon
another.
The spirit of encroachment tends to consolidate the
powers of all the departments in one, and thus to create,
whatever the form of government, a real despotism.
A just estimate of that love of power, and pronenesS
to abuse it, which predominate in the human heart, is
sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position.
The necessity of reciprocal checks, in the exercise of
political power, by dividing and distributing it into dif¬
ferent depositories, and constituting each the guardian of
the public weal against invasions of the others, has been
evinced by experiments ancient and modern; some of
them in our country, and under our own eyes. To pre¬
serve them must be as necessary as to institute them.
If, in the opinion of the people, the distribution or mo¬
dification of the constitutional powers, be in any particu-
70
lar wrong, let it be corrected by an amendment in the
way which the constitution designates.
But let there be no change by usurpation; for though
this, in one instance, maybe the instrument of good, it is
the customary weapon by which free governments are
destroyed.
The precedent must always greatly overbalance in
permanent evil, any partial or transient benefit which
the use can at any time yield.
"Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to poli¬
tical prosperity, religion and morality are indispensible
supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of
patriotism, who should labor to subvert these great pillars
of human happiness, these firmest props of. the duties of
men and citizens.
The mere politician, equally with the pious man, ought
to respect and to cherish them. A volume could not
trace all their connexions with private and public felicity.
Bet it simply be asked, where is the security for proper¬
ty, for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obliga¬
tion desert the oaths, which are the instruments of inves¬
tigation in courts of justice?, And let us with caution in¬
dulge the supposition, that morality, can be maintained
without religion.
Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and ex¬
perience both forbid us to expect that national morality
can prevail in exclusion of religious principles.
"It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is a ne¬
cessary spring of popular government. The rule, in¬
deed, extends with more or less force to every species of
free government, Who that is a sincere friend to it can
look-with indifference upon attempts to shake the foun¬
dation of the fabric?
"Promote, then, as an object of primary importance,
institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. In
proportion as the structure of a government gives force
to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should
be enlightened.
71
"As a very important source of strength and security,
cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to
use it as sparingly as possible, avoiding occasions of ex¬
pense by cultivating peace; but remembering also, that
timely disbursements to prepare for danger, frequently
prevent much greater disbursements to repel it; avoiding
likewise the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning
occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of
peace,to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars may
have occassioned, not ungenerously throwing upon pos¬
terity the burden which we ourselves ought to bear.
The execution of these maxims belongs to your re¬
presentatives; but it is necessary that public opinion
should co-operate.
To facilitate to them the performance of their duty, it
is essential that you should practically bear in mind, that
towards the payment of debts there must be revenue; that
to have revenue there must be taxes; that no taxes can
be devised which are not more or less inconvenient and,
unpleasant; that the intrinsic embarrassment inseparable
from the selection of the proper objects, which is always
a choice of difficulties, ought to be a decisive motive for
a candid construction of the conduct of the government
in making it, and for a spirit of acquiescence in the mea¬
sures for obtaining revenue which the public exigencies
may at any time dictate.
"Observe good faith and justice toward all nations;
cultivate peace and harmony with all; religion and mo¬
rality enjoin this conduct; and can it be that good policy
does not equally enjoin it?
It will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no
distant period, a great nation, to give to mankind the
magnanimous and too novel example of a people al¬
ways guided by an exalted justice and benevolence.
Who can doubt that in the course of time and things
the fruits of such apian would richly repay any tem¬
porary advantages which might be lost by a steady ad
herence to it?
Can it be, that Providence has not connected the per
72
manent felicity of a nation with its virtue? The experi¬
ment at least, is recommended by every sentiment which
ennobles human nature. Alas! is it rendered impossible
by its vices?
"In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more es¬
sential than that permanent inveterate antipathies against
particular nations, and passionate attachments for others,
should be excluded, and that in place of them, just and
amicable feelings toward all should be cultivated.
The nation which indulges toward another a habitu¬
al hatred, or a habitual fondness, is in some degree a
slave. It is a slave to its animosity or to its affection, ei¬
ther of which is sufficient to lead it astray from its duty
and its interest.
Antipathy in one nation against another, disposes each
more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay hold of
slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty and intracta¬
ble, when accidental or trifling occasions of dispute oc¬
cur.
"Hence, frequent collisions, obstinate, envenomed and
bloody contests. -The nation, prompted by ill will and
resentment,sometimes impels to war the government,con¬
trary to the best calculations of policy.
The government sometimes participates in the nation¬
al propensity, and adopts through passion, what reason
would reject; at other times it makes the animosity of
the nation subservient to projects of hostility instigated
bv pride^, ambition and other sinister and pernicious mo¬
tives. The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty
of nations, has been the victim.
"So, likewise,a passionate attachment of one nation for
anoth,er,produces a[variety of evils. Sympathy for the fa¬
vorite nation.facilitating the illusion of an imaginary com¬
mon interest incases where rforealcommon interest exists,
and infusing into one the enmities of the other, betrays
the former into a participation in the quarrels and wars
of the latter, without adequate inducements or justifica¬
tion.
It leads also to concessions to the favorite nation, of
fs
privileges denied to others, which are apt doubly to in¬
jure tbe nation making the concessions, by unnecessarily
parting with what ought to have been retained; and by
exciting jealousy, ill will, and a disposition to retaliate, in
the parties from whom equal privileges are withheld; and
it gives to ambitious, corrupted, or deluded ciiizens, who
devote themselves to the favorite nation, facility to be¬
tray,or sacrifice the interests of their own country,without
odium, sometimes even with popularity; gilding with the
appearances of a virtuous sense of obligation, a commen¬
dable deference for public opinion, or a laudable ze.al for
public good, the base or foolish compliances of ambition,
corruption, or infatuation.
"As avenues to foreign influence in innumerable ways,
such attachments are particularly alarming to the truly
enlightened and independent patriot. How many op¬
portunities do they afford to tamper with domestic facti¬
ons, to practice the arts of seduction, to mislead public
opinion, to influence or awe the public councils! Such
an attachment of a small or weak, toward a great and
powerful nation, dooms the former to be the satellite of
the latter.
Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence, I con¬
jure you to believe me, fellow-citizens, the jealousy of a
free people ought to be constantly awake; since history
and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the
most baneful foes of republican government. But that
jealousy, to be useful, must be impartial; else it becomes
the instrument of the very influence to be avoided, instead
of a defence against it.
Excessive partiality for one foreign nation, and exces¬
sive dislike of another, cause those whom they actuate to
see danger only on one side, and serve to 'veil and even
second the arts of influence on the other.
Real patriots, who may resist the intrigues of the favo¬
rite, are liable to become suspected and odious; while its*
tools and dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the
people, to surrender their interests.
"The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign
K
74
nations, is, in extending our commercial relations, to have
with them as little political connexion as possible. So
far as we have already formed engagements, let them be
fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop.
"Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us
have none, or a very remote relation. Hence, she must
be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which
are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore,
it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial
ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the or¬
dinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or
enmities.
"Our detached and distant situation, invites and ena¬
bles us to pursue a different course. If we remain one
people, under an efficient government, the period is not
far off, when we may defy material injury from external
annoyance;' when we may take such an attitude as will
cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon; to
be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, un¬
der the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will
not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we
may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by jus¬
tice, shall counsel.
"Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation?
Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground? Why,
by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Eu¬
rope, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of
European ambition, riyalship, interest, humor, or ca¬
price?
"It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent
alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I
mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be
understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing
engagements.
I hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to
private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I
repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be observed in
their genuine sense. But in my opinion, it is unnecessa¬
ry, and would be unwise to extend them.
75
"Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable es¬
tablishments, on a respectable defensive posture, we may
safely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary
emergencies.
"Harmony, and a liberal intercourse with all nations,
are recommended by policy, humanity and interest,, But
even out* commercial policy should hold an equal and
impartial hand; neither seeking nor granting exclusive
favors or preferences; consulting the natural course of
things; diffusing and diversifying by gentle means, the
streams of commerce, but forcing nothing; establishing,
with powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable
course, to define the rights of our merchants, and to ena¬
ble the government to support them; conventional rules
of intercourse, the best that present* circumstances • and
mutual opinion will permit, but temporary, and liable to
be from time to time abandoned or varied, as experience
and circumstances shall dictate; constantly keeping in-
view, that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterest¬
ed favors from another; that it must pay with a portion
of its independence for whatever it may accept under that
character; that by such acceptance it may^place itself in
the condition of having given equivalents for nominal fa¬
vors, and yet of being reproached with ingratitude for not
giving more.
There can be no greater error than to- expect or calcu¬
late upon real favors from nation to nation. It is an il¬
lusion which experience must cure, which a just pride
ought to discard.
"In offering to .you, my countrymen, these coun¬
sels of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope they
will make the strong and lasting impression I could wish;
that they will control the usual current of the passions,or
prevent our nation from running the course which has
hitherto marked the destiny of nations.
But if I may flatter myself, that they may be.produc¬
tive of some partial benefit, some occasional good; that
they may now and then recur to moderate the fury of
party spirit; to warn against the mischiefs of foreign in-
76
trigue; to guard against the impostures of pretended pa¬
triotism; this hope will be a full recompense for the soli¬
citude for your welfare, by which they have been dic¬
tated.
"How far, in the discharge of my official duties, I have
been guided by the principles which have been delineated,
the public records and other evidences of my conduct
must witness to you and to the world. To myself, the
assurance of mv own conscience is, that I have at least
believed myself to be guided by them.
"In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my
proclamation of the 22d April, 1793, is the index to my
plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by that
of your representatives in both houses of congress, the spi¬
rit of that measure has continually governed me, uninflu¬
enced by any attempts to deter or divert me from it.#
"After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best
lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our coun¬
try, under all the circumstances of the case,- had a right to
take, and was bound in duty and interest to take, a neu¬
tral position. Having taken it, I determined, as far as
should depend .upon me, to maintain it with moderation,
perseverance and firmness.
"The considerations which respect the right to hold
this conduct, it is not necessary on this occasion to detail.
I will only observe, that according to my understanding
of the matter, that right, so far from being denied by any
of the belligerent powers, has been virtually admitted by
all.
"The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be infer¬
red, without any thing more, from the obligation which
justice and humanity impose on every nation, in cases in
which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations
of peace and amity toward other nations.
"The inducements of nterest for observing that con¬
duct will best be referred to your own reflections and
experience. With me, a predominant motive has been
to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and
mature its yet recent institutions, and to progress, without
77
interruption, to that degree of strength and consistency,
which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the com¬
mand of its own fortunes.
"Though in reviewing the incidents of my administra¬
tion, I am unconscious of intentional error; I am never¬
theless too sensible of my defects not to think it probable
that I may have committed many errors. Whatever
they may be, I fervently beseech the Almighty to avert
or mitigate the evils to which they may tend.
I shall also carry with me the hope that my country
will never cease to view them with indulgence; and that
after forty-five years of my lite dedicated to its service,
with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities
will be consigned to oblivion; as myself must soon be to
the mansions of rest.
"Relying on its kindness in this as in other things, and
actuated by that fervent love toward it, which is so na¬
tural to a man who views in it the native soil of himself
and his progenitors for several generations; I anticipate
with pleasing expectation that retreat, in which I promise
myself to realize, without alloy, the sweet enjoyment of
partaking, in the midst of my fellow citizens, the benign
influence of good laws, under a free government; the ever
favorite object of my heart, and the happy reward, as I
trust, of our mutual cares, labors and dangers,
"United States, September 17,1796."
WAS bom on the 22d of February, 1732, and died on
December 14th, 1799, at Mount Vernon, on the Poto¬
mac, in Virginia, his native State.
■—qO©—■
On the 18tb, his body, attended by military honors
and the offices of religion, was deposited in the family
vault on his estate.
When intelligence reached congress of the death of
Washington, they instantly adjourned until next day,
when John Marshal, then a member of the house of re¬
presentatives, and since chief justice of the United States,
and biographer of Washington, addressed the speaker in
the following words:
"The melancholy event which was yesterday announ¬
ced with doubt, has been rendered but too certain. Our
Washington is no more. The hero, the patriot, and the
sage of America; the man on whom in times of danger
every eye was turned and all hopes were placed, lives
now only in his own great actions, and in the hearts of an
affectionate and afflicted people.
"If, sir, it had even not been usual openly to testify
respect for the memory of those whom Heaven has se¬
lected as its instruments for dispensing good to man, yet
such has been the uncommon worth, and such the extra¬
ordinary incidents which have marked the life of him
whose loss we all deplore, that the whole American na¬
tion, impelled by the same feelings, call with one
voice for a public manifestation of that sorrow, which is
so deep and so universal.
"More than any other individual, and as much as to
one individual was possible, has he contributed to found
79
this our wide-spreading empire, and to give to the west¬
ern world, independence and freedom.
"Having effected the great object for which he was
placed at the head of our armies, we have seen him con¬
vert the sword into the ploughshare, and sink the soldief •
into the citizen.
"When the debility of our federal system had become
manifest, and the bonds which connected this vast conti¬
nent were dissolving, we have seen him the chief of those
patriots who formed for us a constitution, which, by pre¬
serving the union, will, I trust, substantiate and perpetuate
those blessings which our revolution had promised to
bestow.
"In obedience to the general voice of his country, call¬
ing him to preside oyer a great people, we have seen him
once more quit the retirement he loved, and in a season
more stormy and tempestuous than war itself, with calm
and wise determination pursue the true interests of the
nation, and contribute more than any other could contri¬
bute, to the establishment of that system of policy, which
will, I trust, yet preserve our peace, our honor and our
independence.
"Having been twice unanimously chosen the chief ma¬
gistrate of a free people, we have seen him, at a time when
his re-election with universal suffrage could not be doubt¬
ed afford to the world a rare instance of moderation, by
withdrawing from his station to the peaceful walks of
private lite. - . .
"However the public confidence may change, and the
public affections fluctuate with respect to others, with
respect to him, they have, in war and in peace, in pub¬
lic and in private life, been as steady as his own firm
mind,'and as constant as his own exalted virtues.
"Let us then, Mr. Speaker, pay the last tribute of res¬
pect and affection to our departed friend. Let the grand
council of the nation display those sentiments which the
nation feels. For this purpose I hold m my hand
some resolutions which I take the liberty of offering to
the house.
"Resolved, Thatthis house will wait on the president,*
in condolence of this mournful event.
"Resolved, That the speaker's chair be shro'uded with
black, and that the members and officers of the house
wear black during the session.
"Resolved, That a committee, in conjunction with one
from the senate, be appointed to consider on the most
suitable manner of paying honor to the memory of the
man,'first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of
his fellow-citizens."
Tne senate of the United States, on this melancholy
occasion, addressed to the president a letter in these
word?:
"The senate of the United States respectfully take
leave, sir, to express to you their deep regret for the loss
their'country sustains in the death of General. George
Washington.
"Thisevent, so distressing to all our fellow citizens,must
be peculiarly heavy to you, who have long been associ¬
ated with him in deeds of patriotism. Permit us sir, to
mingle our tears with your's. On this occasion it is
manly to weep. To lose such a man, at such a crisis, is
no common calamity to the world. Our country mourns
a father. The Almighty Disposer of human events, has
taken from us our greatest benefactor and ornament. It
becomes us to submit with reverence to him 'who mak-
eth darkness his pavilliorr.'
"With patriotic pride we review the life of our Wash¬
ington, and compare him with those of other countries
who have been pre-eminent in fame. Ancient and mo¬
dern times are diminished before him. Greatness and
guilt have too often been allied; but his fame is whiter
than itis brilliant. The destroyers of nations stood
abashed at the majesty of his virtues: It reproved the
intemperance of their ambition, and darkened the splen¬
dor of victory. The scene is closed, and we are no lon¬
ger anxious lest misfortune should sully his glory; hehaS
Then, Mr. Adams.
81
travelled on to the end of his journey, and carried with
him an increasing weight of honor; he has deposited it
safely where misfortune cannot tarnish it; where malice
cannot blast it. Favored of Heaven, he departed with¬
out exhibiting the weakness of humanity. Magnani¬
mous in death, the darkness of the grave could not ob¬
scure his brightness.
"Such was the man whom we deplore. Thanks td.
God, his glory is consummated. Washington yet lives
on earth in his spotless example; his spirit is in Heaven.
"Let his countrymen consecrate the memory of the
heroic general, the patriotic statesman, and the virtuous
sage. Let them teach their children never to forget, that
the fruits of his labors and his example are their inheri¬
tance."
To this address, the president returned the following
answer;
"I receive .with the most respectful and affectionate
sentiments, in this impressive address, the obliging ex¬
pressions of your regret for the loss our country has sus¬
tained in the death of her most esteemed, beloved and ad¬
mired citizen.
"In the multitude of my thoughts and recollections on
this melancholy event, you will permit me to say, that I
have seen him in the days of adversity, in some of the?
scenes of his deepest distress, and most trying perplexi¬
ties. I have also attended him in his highest elevation,
and most prosperous felicity, with uniform admiration of
his wisdom, moderation and constancy.
"Among all our original associates in that memorable
league of this continent, in 1774, which first expressed
the sovereign will of a free nation in America, he was
the only one remaining in the general government. Al¬
though with a constitution more enfeebled than his, at an
age when he thought it necessary to, prepare for retire¬
ment, I feel myself alone bereaved of my last brother, yet
I derive a strong consolation from the unanimous dispo¬
sition which appears in all ages and classes, to mingle their
L
85
sorrows with mine, on this common calamity to the
world.
"The life of our Washington cannot suffer by a com-
parison with those of other countries, who have been
most celebrated and exalted by fame. The attributes
and decorations of royalty, could only have served to
eclipse the majesty of those virtues which made him,from
being a modest citizen, a more resplendent luminary.
Misfortune, had he lived, could hereafter have sullied his
glory only with those superficial minds who, believing
that character and actions are marked by success alone,
rarely deserve to enjoy it. Malice could never blast his
honor, and envy made him a singular exception to her
universal rule. For himself he had lived long enough to
life and to glory; for his fellow-citizens, if their prayers
could have been answered, he would have been immor¬
tal; for me, his departure is at a most unfortunate mo
ment. Trusting, however, in the wise and righteous do¬
minion of Providence over the passions of men and the
results of their actions, as well as over their lives, nothing
remains for me but humble resignation.
"His example is now complete; and it will teach wis
clom and virtue to magistrates, citizens and men, not only
in the present age, but in future generations, as long as
our history shall be read. It a Trajan found a Pliny,
a Marcus Aurelius can never want biographers, eulogists
or historians."
The committee of both houses appointed to devise the
mode by which the nation.should express its grief, re¬
ported the following resolutions, which were unanimous¬
ly adopted:
"Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America, in Congress assembled
That a marble monument be erected by the United
States, at the capitol of the city of Washington, and that
the family of General Washington be requested to per
init his body to be deposited under it, and that the monu¬
ment be so designed as to commemorate the great evenly
of his military and political life.
83
"And be it further resolved, That there be a funeral
procession from Congress Hall, to the German Lutheran
church, in memory of General George Washington, on
Thursday, the 26th instant, and that an oration be pre¬
pared at the request of congress, to be delivered before
both houses that day; and that the president of the senate,
and speaker of the house of representatives, be desired to
request one of the members of congress to prepare and
deliver the same.
"And be it further resolved, That it be recommended
to the people of the United States, to wear crape on their
left arm, as mourning, for thirty days.
"And be it further resolved, That the president of the
United States be requested to direct a copy of these reso¬
lutions to be transmitted to Mrs. Washington, assuring
her of the profound respect congress will ever bear for
her person and character, of their condolence on the late
affecting dispensation of Providence; and intreating her
assent to the interment of the remains of General YYash-
ington in the manner expressed in the first resolution. *
"And be it further resolved, That the president of the
United States be requested to issue his proclamation, no¬
tifying to the people throughout the United States,* the
recommendation contained in the third resolution.'
-►»©©©■«-«
ote To Teachers. Perhaps it would be well
to postpone the reading of the* foregoing Address in
Schools, until the Bible is read.
X 0 T TS,.
AFTER the foregoing work was nearly through the Press, it
was thought necessary to subjoin the following Geographical
Account of Palestine, or the Land of Canaan. As it is more
immediately connected with the subject matter of the Bible,
it ought to have preceded General Washington's Valedictory
Address.
JVDE.1, P&LESTIXE,
or the
PALESTINE is bounded on the north by Mount
Libanus, or Lebanon, which separates it from that part
of Syria, anciently called Phoenicia; on the east by
Mount Hermon, which divides it from Arabia Deserta;
on the south by Arabia Petrea; and on the west by the
Mediterranean sea, or sea of Syria.
This couritry received the name of Palestine from the
Philistines, who dwelt on the sea coast: it was called Ju~
dea, from Judah: and it is termed the Holy Land, being
the country where, Jesus Christ was born, preached his
holy doctrines, confirmed them by miracles, and laid
down his life for mankind. Palestine is about one hun¬
dred and eighty-five mjles in length, and generally eighty
in breadth; it is situated between 31t and 33 degrees 40
minutes north latitude; and 37 degrees 15 minutes east
longitude.
The climate of Palestine, is, during a great part of the
year, very hot. The easterly winds are usually dry,
though they are sometimes .tempestuous; and those which
are westerly, are attended with rain. The heat here might
he expected to be excessive; yet Mount Libanus, from
S<5
its uncommon height, is covered all the winter with
snow.
The first rains, as they are called, generally fall about the
beginning of November; and the latter rains,in the month
of April. In the country round Jerusalem, if a mode¬
rate quantity of snow falls in the beginning of February,
and the brooks soon after overflow their banks, it is
thought to forebode a fruitful year; and the inhabitants
make rejoicings upon this occasion, as the Egyptians do
with respect to the Nile: this country is seldom refreshed
with rain during the summer season.
The rocks of Judea are, in many places, covered with
a soft chalky substance, in which is enclosed a great va¬
riety of shells and corals. The greatest part of the moun¬
tains of Carmel, and those of Jerusalem and Bethlehem,
are overspread with a white chalky stratum. In mount
Carmel, are gathered many stones, which, being in the
form of oliveis, melons, peaches and other fruit, are im¬
posed upon pilgrims, not only as those fruits petrified,
but as antidotes against several diseases.
With respect to the rivers of the country, the Jordan,
called by the Arabs Sceriah,is not only the most consi¬
derable, but, next to the Nile, it is the largest either in the
Levant or in Barbary. It has its source at the bottom
of Mount Libanus or Lebanon, and is formed from the
waters of two fountains, which are about a mile distant
from each other. One of them lies to the east, and is
called Jor; the other, which is exposed to the south, is
named Dan. The confluence of the two streams is found
near the ancient city of Cesarea Philippi, which is at pre¬
sent only a village, and called Beline. The river takes a
course between the E. and S. and after running seven
miles, falls into the lake Samochon .or Mathon, at pre¬
sent called Huletpanias, about six miles in length, from
north to south, and nearly four in breadth, from east to
west. The Jordan issues from this lake, and flows
through a great plain, passing under a stone bridge, called
Jacob's Bridge, consisting of three arches, well construct¬
ed. The river then continues its course as far as the
87
lake of Tiberias,near the ancient cities of Chorazinand Ca¬
pernaum, where it mixes with its waters. When it issues
from this lake, which is about eighteen miles in length,
and eight in breadth, it takes the name of Jordan Major,
dividing Perea from Samaria, the plains of the Moabites
from Judea, and receiving the waters of the Dibon, the
Jazer, the Jacob, and the Carith; after being augmented
by these streams in a course of sixty-five miles from
the lake of Tiberias, or sea of Gallilee, it discharges it¬
self into the Dead Sea. The Jordan, in the rainy sea¬
sons, overflows its banks,to the distance of more than four
miles; and on account of the inequality of the ground,
forms two or three channels. Its current is extremely
rapid, and the water always muddy: but when taken
from the river, and put into any kind of vessel, it very
soon clarifies, and is sweet.
The Dead Sea is a name of modern date; the ancients
called it the lake of Asphaltites,the sea of Sodom,the Salt
sea, the lake of Sirbon; the Arabs name it Bahheret Lut:
that is, the sea of Lot. It is about fifty miles in length,
and ten in breadth. The lofty mountains of the country
of the Moabites are on the eastern side, and discharge
into it the waters of Arnon and the Jaret. On the west
and south it is bounded by very high mountains also. It
is likewise on the west that the brook Cedron, which
rises at Jerusalem, empties into this sea.
We are informed that this vast lake was covered for¬
merly with fruit trees and abundant crops, and that from
the bosom of the earth, now buried under its waters.arose
the superb cities of Sodom, Gomorrah, Ad mail, Zeboiim
and Segor. No plants of any kind grow in this lake.
The bottom of it is black, thick and foetid. Branches of
trees, which fall therein, become petrified in a little time.
The Dead Sea produces a kind of bitumen, which may
he found lloating on the surface, like large lumps of earth.
This bitumen is a sulphureous substance, mixed with
salt; it is as brittle as black pitch, as combustible, and ex¬
hales, while burning, a strong and penetrating smell.
The ancient Arabs used it for smearing and embalming
88
their dead, to preserve them from perishing. The moun¬
tains near this sea, produce a kind of black stone, which,
when polished, has a beautiful lustre.
Acra* or Acre (now called St. John de Acre, and
which the Arabs call Accho, or Akka,) is one of the
places from which the Israelites could not expel the ancri
ent Canaanites, and was formerly reckoned among the
ancient cities of Phoenicia. It is also known by the name
of Ptolemais. The situation is advantageous; on the
north and east, it is encompassed by a fertile plain; on
the west it is washed by the Mediterranean; and on the
south by a large bay, which extends from the city as far
as Mount Carmel. It contains little more than a few
cottages, and heaps of ruins. The residence of the ba¬
shaw of the province is at this place.
To the south of Acre, is Sebasta, the ancient Samaria,
the capital of the ten tribes after their revolt from the house
of David. It is seated on a long mount, which rises in a
fruitful valley, and is now converted into gardens.
A little farther to the south is I^aplosa, the ancient
Sychem, which stands in a narrow valley, between
Mount Ebal on the north, and Gerizim on the south.
At a small distance from Naplosa,is Jacob's well, famous
for Christ's conference with the woman of Samaria.
Jerusalem is encompassed with hills, so that the city
seems as if situated in an amphitheatre: there are few re¬
mains of the city, as it appeared in Christ's time; the situ¬
ation being changed; for, Mount Sion. the highest part
of ancient Jerusalem, is almost excluded; while the pla¬
ces adjoining to Mount Calvary, are nearly in the cen¬
tre. This city, which is about three miles in circumfer¬
ence, is situated on a rocky mountain, on all sides of
which are steep ascents, except toward the north. The
walls are not strong, nor have they any bastions. The
city has six gates. There are supposed to be about twelve
or fourteen thousand inhabitants in Jerusalem. Situate
in north latitude, 81 degrees 55 minutes; east longitude,
85 degrees 25 minutes.
Jasa, the ancient Joppa, is the port where the pilgrims
80
disembark. They generally arrive in November, and
repair without delay to Jerusalem.
Bethlehem, also called Ephrata, and the city of David,
is famous for being the birth-place of Christ. It is about
two miles to the S. E. of Jerusalem, on the ridge of a
hill; at present only an inconsiderable place.
Raha, the ancient Jericho, is eighteen miles N. E. of
Jerusalem, situated in a plain six or seven leagues long,
by three wide, surrounded by a number of barren moun¬
tains.
Habroun, or Hebron, is twenty-four miles S. of Beth¬
lehem. The Arabs call it El-Kahil, the well-beloved.
It is situated at the foot of an eminence, on which are
some remains of an ancient castle.
Nazareth, now only a small village, is on the top of a
high hill.
Cana of Galilee, otherwise called Cana Minor, cele •
bratedforthe miracle wrought by Christ, of changing
the water into wine, is nothing more than a small village,
with very few inhabitants.
Sidon, called by the Turks Sayd, is situated on the
sea-coast. It was anciently a place of great strength, and
had a very extensive commerce. Though it is still po¬
pulous, and a place of considerable trade, it has fallen
from its ancient grandeur. Its exports consist in silks,
with raw and spun cotton; the manufacturing of which
employs most of the inhabitants, amounting to about five
thousand. The city is defended by an old castle, built
in the sea.
Tyre, called by the Turks Sour, is about twenty miles
to the south of Sidon. It Was once very celebrated for
its purple, called the Tyrian dye, produced from a shell¬
fish. This city was, in ancient times, -the centre of an
immense commerce and navigation, and the nurse of arts
and sciences The ancient city stood, originally, on an
island, joined to the main land by a mole; the remains of
which appear at present. It has two harbors; that on the
north side is very good; but the other is choked up with
M.
90
ruins. The present inhabitants are only a fevvpoor fisher¬
men, who live in vaults and caves.
Cesarea, was at first called Strabo's Tower, and was
the capitol of Palestine. This city was divided into two
parts by a little hill, whereon was erected a temple dedi¬
cated to Cesar.
Jericho is situated in a large plain about twenty miles
long, and ten broad, bounded by variety of mountains on
the south-west, the west, and north; it is at present inha¬
bited by a few miserable Arabs.
The Mount of Forty days, is situated on the north
side of the plain of Jericho; the summit is covered nei¬
ther with shrubs, trees, nor earth, but consists of a solid
mass of white marble; it is very difficult and dangerous
to ascend the path leading by a winding course, between
two dismal abysses. This mountain is one of the high¬
est in the province, and one of its most sacred places. It
takes its name from the rigorous fast which Christ ob¬
served here. From this mount may be seen the hills of
Arabia, the country of Gilead, the country of the Am
monites, the plains of Moab, and that of Jericho, the ri¬
ver Jordan, and the whole extent of the Dead Sea. Op-
posite to Jericho, beyond Jordan, rises mount i^ebo.
Mount Carmel, on the south side of the bay of Acre,
projects at one part into the sea, forming a great promon¬
tory, called the point of Carmel. There are a number
of grottos, gardens, and convents on this mount; as also
many cisterns for receiving the rain water. On this
mountain was a fortress called Ecbatane.
Mount Tabor is most delightfully situated, rising
amidst the plains of Galilee, distant about twelve miles
from the city of Tiberias; it is distinguished by different
names, as Itabyrion, Taburium, and by the Arabs Gibel-
el T or. It is in appearance like a sugar loaf, and is co¬
vered from the top to the bottom with small trees.
Palestine, which comprehends the ancient country of
Canaan, and was occupied by nine tribes of Israel, has
experienced many and severe revolutions; the extreme
fertility of the country, and its many advantages and hap-
91
py situation, induced the neighboring and powerful king¬
doms to attempt its subjection; most of them succeeded
in reducing to obedience and slavery, the peaceable inha¬
bitants: The Persians, Saracens, Syrians and Romans,
have alternately been masters, for a time, and then oblig¬
ed to yield to superior force; they treated the conquered
with the utmost barbarity, and committed the greatest
devastation and slaughter; not even sparing old or young,
women, or helpless children. Thus it continued chang¬
ing its ferocious masters, until, in the twelfth century, the
Turks taking Cesarea, the whole country fell into their
possession, and has continued under their power ever
since. The innumerable scenes of blood and desolation
exhibited in: this country,have charged it from that happy,
fruitful and prosperous state, so beautifully described in
Deuteronomy, to an almost uninhabited desart, and heap
of ruins; few traces of its ancient splendor remain; and
confusion and doubt hang over all the researches of the
enquirer.
The present masters exercise unlimited and tyrannical
authority over their slaves in Palestine, keeping the mi¬
serable inhabitants in the utmost subjection; governing
them by Caliphs and Bashaws, with rods of iron; and
holding them in the most deplorable ignorance and su^
perstition,
A description of the person of
* 3KS3^3 <QffiEBB3^
As it was found in an ancient manuscript which was sent
by Pubiius Lentulus, President of Judea, to the Senate
of Home.
THERE lives at this time in Judea, a man of singu¬
lar character, whose name is Jesus Christ. The Barba¬
rians esteem him a prophet, but his followers adore him
as the immediate offspring of the Immortal God. He is
endowed with such unparallelled virtue, as to call back
the dead from their graves, and to heal every kind of
disease with a word or a touch. His person is tall and
elegantly shaped; his aspect amiable and reverend; his
hair flows in beautiful shades, which no united colors can
match, falling into graceful curls below his ears, agreeably
couching on his shoulders, and parting on the crown of
his head, like the head-dress of the sect of the Nazarites.
His forehead is smooth, and his cheeks without a spot,
save that of a lovely red. His nose and mouth are form¬
ed with exquisite symmetry; his beard is thick, and suit¬
able to the hair of his head, reaching a little below his
chin, and parted in the middle like a fork; his eyes arc
bright, clear and serene.. He rebukes with majesty,coun¬
sels with mildness, and invites with the most tender and
persuasive language. His whole address, whether in word
or deed, being elegant, brave, and strictly characteristic of
so exalted a being. No man has seen him laugh, but the
whole world has frequently beheld him weep; and so
persuasive are his tears, that the multitude cannot with¬
hold theirs from joining in sympathy with him. He is
very modest, temperate and wise. In short, whatever this
phenomenon may be in the end, he seems at present a
man of excellent beauty, and divine perfections; every
way surpassing the children of men.
PLRFIAPS I cannot closs this little book better, than by giving"
the following character of General Washington, as sketched
by Mr. Phillips. The opinion of a foreigner cannot be sus¬
pected of partiality, and his character cannot be exhibited to
children in a more alluring form.
A
DELIVERED AT A DINNER, GIVEN ON
IN THE LAKE OF KILLARNEY
ON
AIR. PHILLIPS' S HEALTH BEING GIVEN, TOGETHER WITH THAT Otf
MR. PAYNE, A YOUNG AMERICAN.
IT is not with the yain hope of returning by words the
kindnesses which have been literally showered on me
during the short period of our acquaintance, that I now
interrupt, for a moment, the flow of your festivity. In¬
deed, it is not necessary; an Irishman needs no requital
for his hospitality; its generous impulse is the instinct of
his nature, and the very consciousness of the act, carries
its recompense along with it. But, sir, there are sensati¬
ons excited by an allusion in your toast, under the influ¬
ence of which silence would be impossible. To be asso¬
ciated with Mr. Payne, must be, to any one who regards
private virtues and personal accomplishments, a source of
peculiar pride; and that feeling is not a little enhanced in
me, by a recollection of the country to which we are in¬
debted for his qualifications. Indeed, thev mention of
America has never failed to fill me with the most lively
N
91
cmotioqg. In my earliest infancy, that tender season
when impressions, at once the most permanent and the
most powerful, are likely to be excited; the story of her
then recent struggle, raised a throb in every heart that
loved liberty, and wrung a reluctant tribute even from
discomfited oppression. I saw her spurning alike the
luxuries that would enervate, and the legions that would
intimidate; dashing from her lips the poisoned cup of Eu¬
ropean servitude; and, through all the vicissitudes of her
protracted conflict, displaying a magnanimity that defied
misfortune, and a moderation that gave new grace to vic¬
tory. It was the first vision of my childhood; it will de¬
scend with me to the grave. But if, as a man, I vene¬
rate the mention of America,.what must be my feelings
towards her as an Irishman. Never, oh never, while
memory remains, can Ireland forget the home of her
emigrant, and the asylum of her exile. No matter whe¬
ther their sorrows sprung from the errors of enthusiasm,
or the realities of suffering, from fancy or infliction; that
must be reserved for the scrutiny of those whom the
lapse of time shall acquit of partiality. It is for the men
of other ages to investigate and record it; but surely it is
for the men of every age to hail the hospitality that re¬
ceived the shelterless, and love the feeling that befriended
the unfortunate. Search creation round, where can you
find a country that presents so sublime a view, so inte¬
resting an anticipation? What noble institutions! What
a comprehensive policy! Whatawiseequalization of every
political advantage! The oppressed of all countries, the
martyrs of every creed, the innocent victim of despotic
arrogance or superstitious phrenzy, may there find re¬
fuge; his industry encouraged, his piety respected, his
ambition animated; with no restraint but those laws
which are the same to all, and no distinction but that
which his merit may originate. Who can deny that the
existence of such a country presents a subject for human
congratulation! Who can deny, that its gigantic advance¬
ment offers a field for the most rational conjecture! At
the end of the very next century, if she proceeds as she
05
seems to promise, what a wondrous spectacle may she
not exhibit! Who shall say for what purpose a mysterious
Providence may not have designed her! Who shall say,
that when, in its follies or its crimes, the old world may
have interred all the pride of its power, and all the pomp
of its civilization, human nature may not find its destined
renovation in the new! For myself, I have no doubt cf
it. I have not the least doubt, that when our temples
and our trophies shall have mouldered into dust; when
the glories of our name shall be but the legend of tradi-
tionj and the light of our achievements only live in songy
philosophy will rise again in the sky of her Franklin, and
glory re-kindle at the urn of her Washington. Is this
the vision of a romantic fancy? Is it even improbable? Is
it half so improbable as the events which for the last
twenty years, have rolled like successive tides over the
surface of the European world, each erasing the impres¬
sion that preceded it? Thousands upon thousands, sir,
I know there are, who will consider this supposition as
wild and whimsical; but they have dwelt with little re¬
flection upon the records of the past. They have but ill
observed the never ceasing progress of national rise and
rational ruim They form their judgment on the deceit¬
ful stability of the present hour, never-considering the in¬
numerable monarchies and republics, in former days, ap¬
parently as permanent, their very existence become now
the subjects of speculation,! had almost said of scepticism,.
I appeal to history! Tell me, though reverend chronicler
of the grave, can ail the illusions of ambition realized,can
all the wealth of a universal commerce, can all the
achievements of successful heroism, or all the establish¬
ments of this world's wisdom, secure to empire the per¬
manency of its possessions? Alas, Troy thought so
once; yet the land of Priam lives only in song! Threes
thought so once, yet her hundred gates have crumbled,
and her very tonibs are but as the dust they were vainly
intended to commemorate! So thought Palmyra; whcic
is she? So thought Perscpolsg, and now:
90
"Yon waste, where roaming lions howl,
Yon aisle, where moans the grey-eyed owl,
Shows the proud Persian's great abode,
Where sceptred once, an earthly god,
His power-clad arm controlled each happier clime,
Where sports the warbling muse, and fancy soars Sublime."
So thought the countries of Demosthenes and the Spar¬
tan, yet ieonidas is trampled by the timid slave, and
Athens insulted by the servile, mindless, and enervate
Ottoman! In his hurried march, Time has but looked at
their imagined immortality, and all its vanities, from the
palace to the tomb, have, with their ruins, erased the very
impression of his footsteps! The days of their glory are
as if they had never been; and the island that was then a
speck* rude and neglected in the barren ocean, now rivals
the ubiquity of their commerce, the glory of their arms,
the fame of their philosophy, the eloquence of their se¬
nate, and the inspiration ol their bards! Who shall say,
then, contemplating the past, that England, proud and
potent as she appears, may not one day be what Athens
is, and the young America yet soar to be what Athens
was! Who shall say, when the European column shall
have mouldered, and the night of barbarism objured its
very ruins, that, tiiat mighty continent may not emerge
from the horizon, to rule for its time, * sovereign, of the
ascendant!
-Such, Shy is the natural progress of human operations,
and such the unsubstantial mockery of human pride.
But I should, perhaps, apologize for this digression.
The tombs are at best a sad, although an instructive sub¬
ject. ■ At all events, they are ill suited to such an hour
as this. I shall endeavor to atone for it, by turning to
a theme which tombs cannot inurn, or revolution alter.
It is the custom of your board, and a noble one it is, to
deck the cup of the gay with the garland of the great;
and surely, even in the eyes of its deity, his grape is rot
the less lovely when glowing beneath the foliage of the
palm-tree and the myrtle. Allow me to add one flower
07
to the chaplct, which, though it sprung in America, is no
exotic. Virtue planted it, and it is naturalized every
where. I see you anticipate me ; I see you concur with
me, that it matters very little what immediate spot may
be the birth-place of such a man as Washington. No
people can claim, no country can appropriate him ; the
boon or Providence to the human race; his fame is eter¬
nity, and his residence creation. Though it was the de¬
feat of our arms, and the disgrace of our policy, I almost
bless the convulsion in which he had h»s origin. If the
heavens thundered and the earth rocked, yet, when the
storm passed, how pure was the climate that it cleared ;
how bright in the brow of the firmament was the planet
which it revealed to us ! In the production of Wash¬
ington, it does really appear as if nature was endeavour¬
ing to improve upon herself, and that all the virtues of
the ancient world were but so many studies preparatory
to the portrait of the new. Individual instances no doubt
there were ; splendid exemplifications of some single
qualification ; Caesar was merciful, Scipio was continent,
Hannibal was patient ; but it was reserved for Wash¬
ington to blend them all in one, and like the lovely chef
(Tceuvre of the Grecian artist, to exhibit in one glow of
associated beauty, the pride of every model, and the per¬
fection of every master. As a General, he marshalled
the peasant into a veteran, and supplied by discipline
the absence of experience ; as a statesman, he enlarged
the policy of the cabinet into the most comprehensive.
system of general advantage ; and such was the wisdom
of his views, and the philosophy of his counsels, that to
the soldier and the statesman, he almost added the cha¬
racter of the sage! A conqueror,he was untainted with the
crime of blood; a revolutionist,he was free from any stain of
treason; for aggression commenced the contest, and his
country called him to the command. Liberty unsheath¬
ed his sword, necessity stained;, victory returned it. If
be had paused here, history might have doubted what sta¬
tion to assign him, whether at the head of her citizens or
her soldiers, her heroes or her patriots. But the last glo-
98
rious act crowns his career, and banishes all hesitation.
Who, like Washington, after having emancipated an he¬
misphere, resigned its crown, and preferred the retirement
of domestic life, to the adoration of a land, he might be
almost said to have created!
"How shall we rank thee upon Glory's page,
Thou more than soldier, and just less than sage;
All thou hast been, reflects less fame on thee,
Far less than all thou hast forborne to be!"
Such, sir, is the testimony of one not to be accused of
partiality in his estimate of America. Ilappy, proud
America! The lightnings of Heaven yielded to your
philosophy! The temptations of earth could not seduce
your patriotism!
I have- the honor, sir, of proposing to you as a toast,
the immortal memory of George Washington!
Coys soc\wced according to li&yr-