EMORY UNIVERSITY
JAMES MORRIS WEBB, A.M.
Evangelist of the Church of God
(Acts 20-28, Biblical)
The
Black Man
The Father of Civilization
Proven by Biblical
History
AUTHOR
James Morris Webb, A. M.
Copyrighted
PBEFACE
I have many objects in presenting this
book to the public.
First: I love my race regardless of
the prejudice against her, the unenvi¬
able position she holds, and the things
she is falsely said to be guilty of.
I demonstrate my love for her by
launching this book before the public as
somewhat of a defense against the prej¬
udice of ancient, as well as modern his¬
torical writers and lecturers, who have
misrepresented her, and took from her
the good deeds and honors that are just¬
ly due her.
Secondly: I realize that my race has
had defenders, and has some now, men
of my race and men of other races. But
I am simply presenting this book as an
humble race defender, in connection
with the body of race defenders, and if
my theory in this book is accepted as
one of the little fingers of this splendid
body, I will feel that I have accom¬
plished some results and thus portrayed
[3]
the story of "The Widow's Mite"—
she gave all she had, and I contribute
likewise.
Thirdly: To appreciate my argu¬
ment, the reader had best have a Bible
at his finger tips so as to examine my
references and compare them with my
statements, which I make wholly and
solely upon the authorities found in the
Bible, which in turn is the real and only
authority on ancient history (again my
authority is not inspired in the slight¬
est degree with malice or hatred for the
white race). My profession as a Minis¬
ter of the Gospel of Jesus Christ would
not permit me to defend in the name of
justice, harboring malice and hatred or
any ill feeling toward my white breth¬
ren. I am acting with that meek and
humble spirit and with a gigantic pride
in my race, which I hope, pleases G-od.
J. M. WEBB.
[4]
THREE OF THE GREATEST MEN
IN AMERICAN HISTORY
Frederick Douglass, the thunder-bolt,
whose mighty peals of thunder awoke
the sympathy of the Christian men and
women of this eountry in behalf of his
enslaved and suffering people.
Abraham Lincoln, the flash of light¬
ning, who, like a streak of light from
Heaven giving hope to the black people,
struck the shackles from their hands
and left them lying shattered at their
feet.
Dr. Booker T. Washington, who is
nobly directing a neVer-to-be-forgotten
battle for that moral and industrial
education, which Douglass and Lincoln
made it possible for them to obtain.
INTRODUCTION
THE Bible gives the first and only
true account of the origin of
mankind. It is the only book
containing an accurate record of the
progress of man toward civilization, and
it is the indispensable reference of all
searchers after the real facts of the
birth of humanity and its progress
toward the civilization of today; begin¬
ning with his creation, it is the only
authentic record of man; authentic
because it is first hand, not a copy
of something else or a scientific or
literary review, but a dispassionate rec¬
ord of man's creation and progress, un-
trimmed, unshaped and unvarnished, to
suit prejudice. It would not be a com¬
plete record if it did not show with the
rest of them the origin of the black man
and "Woe for all these pinnacle
thieves"—it shows that he, the "black
man" is the "father of civilization."
The black man has been misrepre¬
sented by prejudiced historians and lec¬
turers. It has been and is now quoted
that Ham, the father of the black man,
[5]
was cursed by Ms father, Noah. Now,
in regard to this incident let us take the
Biblical record for it, and anyone not
totally blind with prejudice will be con¬
vinced by reading in the Book of
Genesis, the 9th Chapter from the 20th
to the 27th verse inclusive, that Noah
did not, "for he could not curse" Ham,
although he did in a fit of intoxication
pronounce a curse on Canaan, the son
of Ham. In passing, I might mention
that Canaan was never inconvenienced
by the curse of Noah, because he was
the Father of seven prosperous nations,
foremost among them were the Canaan-
ites, Phoenicians and Sidonians. The
Sidonians sprang from Sidon, who was
the first son of Canaan, according to
Genesis, 10th Chapter 15th verse. These
same Sidonians are the men "descended
from black men" whom Solomon order¬
ed Hiram of Tyre to engage to do the
skilled hewing and designing of the
timber work on Solomon's temple—
Solomon declaring that these Sidonians,
"black men," were the only men pos¬
sessed with anywhere near sufficient
skill to take charge of and successfully
complete the artistic timber work on
[6]
"His" Solomon's temple. First Kings
5th Chapter 6th verse speaks very plain¬
ly of this fact. Solomon knew the black
race was a superior, not an inferior
race. He married Pharaoh's daughter
—see 1st Kings, 3rd Chapter 1st verse;
7th Chapter 8th verse, also the 9th
Chapter and 16th verse. Solomon's
wife might have been of as dark skin
or even as black as he was, for history
shows that Egypt had two full blooded
Ethiopian Pharaohs just before and
during the reign of Solomon, according
to Herodotus, the names of these two
Ethiopians were Sabaco or "Sebichos"
and Sethos, so Solomon surely got an
Ethiopian "Negro or black" woman
for a wife. This" naturally* increased
the proportion of Negro blood in the
veins of the future King of the Jews.
Viewing the progress of the immediate
descendants of Ham we learn that a
curse laid upon one by a mortal of that
day was as foolish and ineffective as it
is in this, the story about this curse,
also the story of the black man who con¬
tended that a black skin and woolly hair
is a disgrace, has, according to the
Bible, no foundation. Speaking of
[7]
black skin, the greatest brain work and
wisdom ever given to this world was
given by men of black skins, or at least
in whose veins the greatest portion of
blood was Ethiopian or Negro blood.
As to this assertion and King Solomon,
see "Songs of Solomon 1st Chapter 6th
verse." Solomon's dark skin should
cause no surprise, because his mother,
Hittite, was also the widow of Uriah
(see 2nd Samuels. 12th Chapter 9th and
10th verses). The Hittites are the des¬
cendants of Heth and Heth was the
second son of Canaan (see Genesis 10th
Chapter 15th verse).
As to the woolly hair, Jesus, the
Blessed Saviour of Mankind, will have
His head covered with woolly hair when
he comes to judge the world (Daniel
7th Chapter 9th and 10th verses). Now,
if Daniel's prophecy is true that when
Christ left this earth he had woolly hair,
he naturally will return with woolly
hair, and the pictures of Him today are
an erroneous conception of Him, by the
artists. This grand old book the Bible,
does not show that G-od ever turned a
man black to disgrace him for his sins,
or anything else, but this same Bible
[8]
does show that God's power did turn
a man white to disgrace him because
of his sins, and said that his seed would
be likewise forever. Facts are stubborn
things and often very disagreeable,
sometimes even sickening, and by read¬
ing carefully the 5th Chapter of the 2nd
Kings, 25th, 26th and 27th verses, many
of our highly civilized brethren "whose
ancient ancestors disgraced them" will
suffer an alarming fit of nausea. Among
the many low, cowardly things that have
been said and done against the Negro
during this Christian era, one poor be¬
nighted individual published a "joke"
in book form, in which he claims that,
the Negro is a beast, the poor fellow
tries to be serious, and no doubt thinks
he is offering at least some proof of his
assertion. The poor fellow, of course,
receives some sympathy, and would no
doubt receive as much as any of the rest
of his class were it not for the fact that
he holds a Professorship in one of our
leading American Christian Universi¬
ties. Of course, the disgust, if any, is
felt for those responsible for placing the
poor devil in such a position, and the
real and well placed sympathy is for
[9]
the student, who must suffer because of
this fellow. The fact remains, however,
that regardless of what has been said
and done against the Negro and of what¬
ever might be said or done against him
in future, he is the ONLY man who can
trace himself back through the ages to
his origin, and find monumental evi¬
dence of his unequaled greatness, his
prowess, the laurels and great honors
he won, the things he created and per¬
fected which have a direct influence on
our civilization of today.
The "black man," I boldly assert,
"was the Father of civilization," born
in the land of Egypt, and the different
branches of Science and Art were sim¬
ply transmitted to other races, which,
as the ages have rolled by, have only
been enlarged and to some extent
improved upon. Even the modern
American Negro has proven that he is
original, for instance—as a Tonsorial
Artist he has no superiors and no
Negro was ever known to enter a " Bar¬
ber College" to learn the trade. Ne¬
groes inherit the sweetest, most musical
voices, and if you have not heard a
Negro quartette or chorus after they
have arranged the harmony of a piece
[10]
they are to sing, you have not heard
what is best and sweetest in vocal music.
As instrumentalists "not forgetting the
many others" I simply mention Blind
Tom, and Blind Boone, the fame of
these two men needs no comment. They
only displayed that talent handed down
to them through centuries by their black
ancestors. As for the Negro being
original, why the Negro has given great
America the only claim she ever did or
ever will have to a National music.
God honored the black man by allow¬
ing some of his Ethiopian blood to flow
in the veins of His only Son Jesus
Christ, and I unhesitatingly assert that
Jesus would in America be classed a
NEGRO. I make this assertion only
on the authority of the Bible, accord¬
ing to which Jesus was born out of the
tribe of Judah. Judah had only five
children and they were males (1st
Chron. 2nd ch. and 4th v.), three by his
first wife and two by his second wife
(1st Chron. 2nd ch. 3rd and 4th vs.),
and both of his wives were descendants
of Canaan, a black man who was the
son of Ham (Genesis 10th ch. 6th v.).
Tamar, Judah's second wife, bore him
two of these sons whose names were
[in
Pilares and Zarah (1st Chron. 2nd ch.
and 4th v.), these two names appear in
the genealogy of Jesus Christ in the
Book of Matthew (1st Chapter 3rd
verse), so it is no trouble to see that
Judah of whom Christ was to come,
started out by presenting to the world
children of Canaanite women who were
Hamite descendants. Now, Virgin
Mary, of whom Christ was born was
beyond all doubt a woman out of the
tribe of Judah, and every Bible refer¬
ence proclaims that Jesus was to spring
from this tribe of Judah (Genesis 49-
10, Heb. 7-14, Rev. 5-5th). Our be¬
loved St. Paul tells us in ^Romans 1-3)
that Jesus was of the seed of David ac¬
cording to the flesh. David is the 10th
man named from Judah in the geneal¬
ogy of Jesus Christ (Matthew 1st Chap¬
ter, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th verses).
Added to this David's great, great
grandfather "Booz" was born of the
woman Rahab, who was a direct de¬
scendant of Ham (Matthew 1st Chapter
5th verse). This also shows that David,
one of God's greatest soldiers, was one
who most successfully led his people
and one who had Negro blood in his
veins. Bible history is full of honors
[12]
for the Black Man, Jethro the Ethio¬
pian or Negro father-in-law of Moses,
who was the author who first employed
that, which is today, our judicial sys-
teih, considerably twisted and revised to
meet the changing conditions of civil¬
ization (Exodus 18th Chapter). This
chapter tells of Jethro's visit to Moses,
and how he gave Moses the foundation
of what is today our system of graded
courts for pronouncing judgments.
Again Moses "The Hebrew Emancipa¬
tor" was named by a black woman
"Pharaoh's daughter"—she said she
called him Moses because she drew him
out of the water (Exodus 2-10) and be¬
sides black men educated Moses. At
any rate he received what education he
had in the schools of the black people
of Egypt (Acts 7th 22nd), so there is
nothing remarkable in the fact that Dr. -
Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du-
Bois, W. S. Scarborough and many
other Negro or black men occupy places
among the foremost and most eminent
educators of the world, and why should
they not? They are descended from
fathers who ruled Egypt centuries ago1
and with their great wisdom laid the
foundation of learning.
[13]
THE BLACK MAN
HAT time changes all things" is
a saying so old and so true as
to admit of no argument. It is
exemplified in so many different ways
as to require no comment, and yet when
we hear the phrase used glibly and
thoughtlessly, every day, it is but nat¬
ural to wonder if the one who uses it
realizes what he is saying, or rather, if
he knows what those few commonplace
words mean, when used to form that
sentence.
It is a foregone conclusion that he
does not. He never stopped, "he, of
this enlightened age, I mean," long
enough to examine even a little of the
abundance of indisputable proof that
the saying "Time changes all things"
applies to things and conditions, seldom
if ever present, to his own narrow mind,
and far away and beyond even his
meaner and low prejudiced influence.
If he did, his retrospective mood, would,
FIRST CHAPTER.
[14]
BISHOP H. M. TURNER, D.D., L.L.D.
The Most Fearless Defender the Afro-Americans Have
Bishop H. M. Turner, D.D., L.L.D.
Bishop H. M. Turner, born at New¬
bury, South Carolina, February 1st,
1833, is the senior Bishop of the A. M.
E. Church. He has been Bishop for
thirty-one years, and is quoted as the
walking encyclopedia of Methodism,
and for this cause the last general con¬
ference that convened at Norfolk, Va.,
on May, 1908, voted unanimously for
the good Bishop to be the historian
of the African-Methodist Episcopal
Church. It is to be remembered that
Bishop Turner was the first colored
man to be a commissioned officer in the
United State^ Army, which appoint¬
ment he received from President Lin¬
coln. The Bishop was twice a member
of the Georgia Legislature, and also the
first of his church to be elected Bishop
to Africa.
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
before carrying him back to the very
beginning, suffer something of a shock,
and his attitude would change. Instead
of delighting in history, modern, me¬
dieval and ancient, his attitude would
change so noticeably that an observer
would imagine that his only interest
was in tearing down and falsifying
facts, and concealing records that hie
could not falsify. When we hear or
read the sayings of some of our " mis¬
named" great men, but in reality dis¬
gustingly conspicuous public figures, we
are fully justified in making the charge
of falsifying and concealing such facts
as they are not really ignorant of. One
of these conspicuous public characters
delights in making the assertion that
the Hamite Ethiopian or Negro never
amounted to anything, or possessed
anything, never occupied an eminence,
save to which the Semitic or white man
had dragged or driven him up to. If
ignorance alone was responsible for this
glaring falsehood, a great deal of sym¬
pathy would go out to those who make
the statement as well as those who be¬
lieve it to be true because of their ig-
[15]
THE BLACK MAN
norance. ' As harsh as it may seem sym¬
pathy would be wasted for a great deal
of the self asserted enlightenment of
today is but egotism. Much of the so-
called wisdom is self praise for success¬
fully concealing, or at least surround¬
ing historical facts with such mystery
as to place the descendants of Shem
upon an eminence which is not justly
his and makes him in his own opinion
appear much larger than what he really
is. And yet with all the egotism, some
knowledge of the true origin of man¬
kind exists, and it is this knowledge
that causes the falsifying and hiding as
much as possible the true historical rec¬
ords, especially of the black man. It
cannot be said that the learned histor¬
ical writers, the great Divines, Theo¬
logical students and lecturers of today
are ignorant of the history of Ham, the
son of Noah, and his descendants, such
as Mmrod, the founder of the great an¬
cient city of Babylon, and also Menes
the first King of Egypt and the founder
of the great ancient city of Memphis.
Ridpath says that the traditions of
antiquity point to Memphis and Baby-
[16]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
Ion as the fountains of human wisdom.
If those above-named are ignorant of
the history of the last-named, they are
doing the world a great injustice in as¬
suming the position of teacher and
leader. If they are familiar with the
history of the races and the deeds of
men, they will no doubt have for them
and their kind good and sufficient rea¬
sons for making false and misleading
statements as to some historical records,
and totally forgetting or demeaning
others.
An early Queen of Egypt was a de¬
scendant of the Ethiopian or Negro
race. This is conceded by some of the
modern writers; some of them going so
far as to say that her skin was very
black, and a few of them acknowledge
that it was this black queen who placed
the first fleet of war ships on the river
Nile. They have no doubt traced this
woman back to where they are satisfied
that she was descended in a direct lineal
line from Zipporah, the black and
Ethiopian wife of Moses. "We read very
little of these two women, because mod¬
ern writers seek to obscure them, and
[17]
THE BLACK MAN
our ministers of the gospel never preach
or lecture on that part of the Bible in
which they are mentioned. WHY ? Be¬
cause, if they do they must give credit
to black people. In this connection, I
do not speak of Biblical history only.
Were it not for the fact that the dimen¬
sions of this book would be extended
far beyond what was intended, I could
begin even with Hannibal, the Car-
thagenian General, and record the ac¬
complishments of black men without the
intervening of any long periods of time,
down to the time of Alexandre Dumas,
Toussaint L'Ouverture, and Alexander
Sergievitch Pouskin, Russo-African
poet. I could do more, I could come
into the borders of this Republic and
beginning with Crispus Octikus, or
Alexander Hamilton—record the ac¬
complishments of these same black de¬
scendants of Ham, down to this day.
This modern record would contain
many references to both the war of In¬
dependence and the war of the Rebel¬
lion. It would also mention a great
many black men who can never forget
El Caney and San Juan Hill. Besides
[18]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
the heroes of war, modern history is re¬
plete with the names of black men fa¬
mous in peace for their accomplishments
in science and letters of art. Space will
not permit me to dwell upon these men
and their accomplishments and the tow¬
ering obstacles in spite of which they
succeeded. I could not fail, however,
to mention Frederick Douglass who was
one of the greatest statesmen America
ever had, even though he was born a
slave. Dr. Booker T. Washington was
also born a slave, and is one of the
greatest educators the world has ever
known. As to the many other great
things black men have done and are do¬
ing, I cannot fail to mention the north
pole, for, if human beings have stood
on the spot claimed as the north pole,
the black man was preceded by no one.
I speak of Mr. Matt Henson, the Negro,
who, if indeed, the pole ever was
reached, was one of the first of the only
two "to date" to reach it.
[19]
THE BLACK MAN
SECOND CHAIPTER.
HIS FIRST HOME.
God but faintly revealed the puzzle
of civilization to Noah and his three
'sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth (Genesis
9th Chapter 1st seven verses), and it
became their duty to start to work on
the first moves of the puzzle, as well as
to create nations. He, who would begin
from the first, moves and works the mat¬
ter out to perfection.
Ham, the father of the black man, lo¬
cated in Africa. Africa was his home¬
stead, so to speak. David, the Psalmist,
credited Ham with this territory in the
105th Psalm 23rd and 27th verses, and
also in the 106th Psalm 22nd verse.
Now, if this is not true, and we reject
it on the ground of not being sufficient
proof of the black man's first and orig¬
inal home, we can on quite as good
ground reject any and every other part
of the Bible, for what I here state is no
[20]
PROF. W. S. SCARBOROUGH
Prof. W. S. Scarborough is head of
the Classical Department of Wilber-
force University of Ohio, and President
of the same institution. He, too, is a
great writer in defense of the Afro-
American race. Here are some of his
remarks in his master-piece, "Race In¬
tegrity": (See next page.)
"The truth is that the term 'Cauca¬
sian' has little or no meaning as it is
now used. The word itself is a conven¬
tional term given at the first by Blumen-
bach to designate what he considered
the highest type of the human family,
shown by a skull from Mount Caucasus.
When we attempt to trace those who
would claim the name as an expression
of their superiority we find the type has
disappeared. There is no pure speci¬
men now in existence. And if we ask
what is 'white' we can only say, 'that
it is a term used to designate the absence
of color'—that is all, and no sign what¬
ever of 'race integrity.' We have al¬
ready indicated that science and inves¬
tigation point to the fact that primitive
man was not white. It is no new theory,
but it has seemed convenient for the
Saxon to let it rest as much as possible
in discreet oblivion. Bishop H. M. Tur¬
ner of the African Methodist Episcopal
church has often promulgated it in his
own inimitable way, and Moncure D.
Conway has also declared that the white
people of the world today are only a
reflex leprosy and that the natural color
is brown or black."
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
wild imagination, but FACTS taken
from the Bible.
Cush, Mizriam, Phut and Canaan
were the first sons of Ham (Genesis
10th Chapter, 6th verse), and these
four sons including Nimrod, the grand¬
son of Ham, were the first to start work
on the problem of civilization; in a word
they were the pioneers and the very pil¬
lars of civilized governments.
Cush located in South Egypt on the
River Mle. He became the father of
the Ethiopians as well as the father of
the Cushites through Nimrod who lo¬
cated on the Southern part of the Eu¬
phrates River. It is to be remembered
that Nimrod is the founder of the Baby¬
lonian kingdom (Genesis 10th Chap¬
ter, 10th verse.) Mizriam located on
the upper part of the River Mle, and he
became the father of the Egypitans.
Phut located in the Northern part of
Africa. Canaan located in the land
known as the old Palestine country,
which is modern Turkey. Canaan be¬
came the father of the Canaanites (Gen¬
esis 10th Chapter, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th
and 19th verses). According to the
[21]
THE BLACK MAN"
Bible the above is the exact location of
the first sons of Ham, and the question
which naturally follows is, "Was civil¬
ization born in their land and given
birth by Ham's first offspring?" It is
conceded by John Clark Ridpath and a
few other writers on ancient history
that the Egyptians were the fathers of
civilization, according to the chronology
of Manetho, an Egyptian priest. Egypt
was founded in the year B. C. 3892, and
Menes was the first mortal King. The
all important question now arises,
"Were the Egyptians descendants of
black men, or were they descendants of
white men? Were they descendants of
Ham or Shem V9 It is well known that
students claim to be divided in their
opinion as to the original stock from
which the ancient Egyptians came.
Ridpath, among others, says they were
neither Semitic nor Negro, but con¬
cludes his remarks on the origin of the
Egyptians by saying that the ancient
Egyptians were considered a branch of
that part of the Cushite family, which
settled in Asia. Probably the little mat¬
ter of the Cushites being the grand-
[22]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
children of Ham slipped Ridpath's
mind, else Ms statements would not
have been so conflicting, because he just
says that they were not Negroes, but
ends his argument by saying that they
were a branch of the Cushite family of
Asia.
It requires no laborious research to
establish the facts that Cush was the
father of all Cushite nations. He was
also the first son of Ham (Genesis 10th
Chapter, 6th verse). Now then, if the
Ethiopians and all other Cushite na¬
tions who sprang from this first son of
Ham were not Negroes, will some of
our historians omit the word " proba¬
bly," so much used by them, and say
what they were. It is fair to assume
that with their boasted intelligence and
superior brain power, by this time they
would have been able to search out and
connect at least some of the many facts,
and plain, indisputable records in the
Bible which leaves no room for doubt
or '1 probably."
We learn from the Bible that Ham is
the father of the African family; the
Ethiopian is the darkest or blackest
[23]
THE BLACK MAN
tribe of the Hamites. Cush was the
founder or father of this tribe. Moses
selected his wife from this black or
Ethiopian tribe (Numbers 12th Chap¬
ter, 1st verse). It must be plain to
any one who will read the parts re¬
ferred to in the Bible, that Ridpath's
contention that the Eyptians sprang
from the Cushites was the wrong
avenue to escape the blood of the
Negro, or their relation to the black
man's family. I believe, however, that
Ridpath wrote in good faith for the
majority of the historical writers claim
that the Egyptians descended from a
white race, notwithstanding they admit
that the Old Testament gives the truest,
the most complete and reliable record
on the origin of the Egyptians of any
other book, so it is not unnatural to be¬
lieve that their opinions are influenced
by racial prejudice.
Now it is true that the Bible contains
the only authentic, and certainly the
most ancient record of not only the
Egyptians, but of all mankind, and I
CAN and will PRO YE by it that the
[24]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION"
Egyptian—Hamite—sprang from Miz-
riam.
According to the Biblical Gazette, the
word "Egypt" is derived from the
word Mizriam, and this word "Miz¬
riam" was the name of one of the first
sons of Ham (Genesis 10th Chapter,
6th verse). By the word "Egypt" be¬
ing coined from the word "Mizriam,"
it strengthens my contention that the
Egyptian was descended from the black
man. I will now dig down further into
the rich earth of proof for more enlight¬
enment out of the Book of Truth. By
viewing the ancient Bible map of Af¬
rica and Asia, which map call be found
in the back of the New Testament, one
can readily pick out the spots upon
which Shem, Ham and Japheth first lo¬
cated. You will notice that Mizriam,
the second son of Ham, and the accred¬
ited father of the Egyptians located on
the very spot, so to speak, where the
great City of Memphis was built by
Menes, the first King of Egypt. Again
you will notice that all the names within
African borders are names of the sons
of Ham, Shem and his offspring, lo-
[25]
THE BLACK MAN
cated in Asia. Perhaps a better way
to locate Ham, Shem and Japheth and
their first offspring is first to read the
10th and 11th Chapters of Genesis, then
locate their names on the map, and it
will be seen that not a Shemite, or white
man, originally located in Africa. All
of the white men located in Asia, and
according to the Bible white men never
began to travel in Africa until Abra¬
ham's time, B. C. 1921. The Egyptians
lived in a high state of civilization near
2,000 years before Abraham's first visit
to Egypt, and the appearance of white
people was a circus and a curiosity to
the black people. Abraham realized
this fact and commanded his wife to
represent herself as his sister, because
as he said,11 she was fair to look upon,"
white (Genesis 12th Chapter, 11th, 12th
and 13th verses). This would indicate
that the Egyptians were not white, and
I will say without fear of my assertion
being disproven, that until after the
time of Abraham, the Egyptians were
a simon pure black race. Shortly after
Abraham's visit, the Shemitic or white
travellers began to pour into Egypt to
[26]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
such an extent that the Egyptians began
inter-marrying with them, and of
course, this inter-marrying had its ef¬
fect of contaminating the pure Negro
blood, and this inter-marrying was the
cause of the black man, or full blooded
Egyptian losing the power of control in
the Kingdom. In other words—this is
the loop through which the Shepherd
or white or Shemitic kings slipped
through and took possession of the
Egyptian kingdom.
[27]
THE BLACK MAN
THIRD CHAPTER.
HIS RULE IN EGYPT.
Dr. Leonhard Schmitz, Ph. D., LL.
D., P. R. S. E., says in Ms work on an¬
cient Egyptian history, that these Hyk-
sos or Shepherd Kings were Semite
people. "White," of course, and they
comprised the 15th, 16th and 17th dy¬
nasties, which covered 511 years. Now,
during this period, Jacob and his twelve
sons and their families moved from
Canaan to Egypt, and other Semite or
whites from Asia did likewise, because
the white man had begun to rule Egypt.
A|fc the 18th Dynasty, however, fortune
turned against the white rulers of
Egypt, and the black men or the Ne¬
groes regained possession of their coun¬
try, and banished the whites from their
land, except the Jews, whom they held
as slaves. They reorganized the King¬
dom with their own blood, "the blood
of the Negro." Aahmas was the first
[28]
DR. W. E. BURGHARDT DUBOIS
Dr. W. E. Burghardt DuBois is the
most scholarly speaker and writer of
the Afro-American race. He is the au¬
thor of the book "Souls of Black Folk,"
which is a marvellous book. On the
following page are some of the phrases
from his famous address to the Social
Study Clubs of Chicago University,
February 13tli, 1907, on Education and
Civilization:
"The doing of the world's work is a
great duty and a great privilege. It is
a thing not to be aimed at but to be
aimed beyond. Just so soon as a nation
or a country can put its foot upon this
satisfaction of the lower wants and step
upward to the greater aspirations of
human brotherhood and the broader
ideals of civilization, just so soon the
real building of civilization begins. It
seems to me, therefore, that the students
of Chicago University and they that
teach them, ought especially, on every
occasion to impress this broader aspect
of the race problem. That instead of
putting it in its narrower, nastier chan¬
nel, instead of stooping to listen to men,
who themselves represent what is low¬
est and least in our national organiza¬
tion, that you should strive in every way
to realize yourselves and to show others
that this great broad question of hu¬
manity is not a question of petty crime,
not a question of so many .bales of cot¬
ton, not a question even of mere indus¬
trial development, but is a question of
human aspiration, and that if here in
America, on the very forefront of pres¬
ent advance, it is possible to murder the
aspiration of 10,000,000 of men, then
America is not yet civilized."
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
King after the whites were driven out,
and his wife was Nefruari, the Ethio¬
pian Princess, greatly celebrated fop
her dusky charms, her wealth and her
accomplishments. The beginning of
this reorganization of a period is re¬
corded in the 1st Chapter of the Book
of Exodus, which shows that at the be¬
ginning of the slavery of the Jews, God
told Abraham that his people would be
held in bondage in Egypt for 400 years
(Genesis 15th Chapter, 13th verse).
Those 400 years marked the period of
Egypt's most rapid and substantial
progress, as Dr. Schmitz says in writ¬
ing on ancient Egyptian history, those
years were the most brilliant in Egypt's
record, and the period at which her art
reached its highest point. It is but
reasonable to suppose this to have been
so, for the Shepherd, or "white Kings"
had destroyed all of the former bril¬
liancy of Egypt, and did not because
they could not do anything to replace
or imitate its grandeur or beauty. The
black people when they regained pos¬
session of their Kingdom and again be¬
gan to rule, made slaves of the Jews
[29]
THE BLACK MAN"
and compelled them to do all the heavy,
dirty, unskilled labor, such as carrying
bricks and mortar and working in the
field (Exodus 1st Chapter, 13th and
14th verses). While the Egyptians
turned their attention to science and
art and reorganizing and drilling their
army, so as to be able to protect their
country against all nations. As Dr.
Schmitz says, the Eastern boundaries
of Egypt were well protected by strong
fortresses. This is but natural, because
on the East, the Semitic or white races
reigned, and no doubt they were un¬
friendly to the Egyptians, or 41 black"
people, because they had expelled the
Shepherd or "white" Kings from their
land. Now, when the Egyptians had
attained "in that Age" to the highest
degree of intelligence and wisdom, and
were possessed of the greatest human
power, God deemed it wise to make His
own Infinite wisdom and power felt
over that of human wisdom and power,
by using Moses as an instrument to
knock at the door of the Egyption gov¬
ernment and ask for the release of the
enslaved Jews. Moses did not appear
[30]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION"
in Egypt by any human authority, or
power, but by the authority and the
power of God, for it would have been
useless for not only Moses, but for any
nation or number of nations to ap¬
proach Egypt with hostile intentions,
without God, because Egypt with her
wisdom and power had the world at her
mercy. There it required God with His
immeasurable >visdom and power to
overcome the wisdom and power of
these black Egyptians. The evidence
of God's power was displayed to the
" Pharaoh Meneptah," who is generally
conceded to be the " Pharaoh of the
Exodus,'' by His, " God's " instruments,
Moses and Aaron who were to appear
before the Pharaoh and cast down their
rods which turned to serpents (Exodus
7th Chapter, 10th verse). When they
had cast down their rods before Pha-
roah, and they turned to serpents,
Pharoah called the wise men, or magi¬
cians of Egypt with their enchantments,
and they cast down their rods which
also became serpents (Exodus 7th
Chapter, 11th and 12th verses). This
was the performing of two miracles,
[31]
THE BLACK MAN
one by God's power, and one by human
power. This vieing with God, though
only for an instance of time is what no
white man has had the power to do
since his creation. But, however, God,
in order to demonstrate His supreme
power, caused the serpents transformed
from the rods of Moses and Aaron to
swallow the serpents transformed from
the rods of Pharaoh's or Egypt's wise
men (Exodus 7-12). This rod and ser¬
pent incident was the beginning of a
series of plague miracles (read the 7th,
8th, 9th and 10th Chapters of Exodus),
which wrecked the Egyptians' or black
man's kingdom, and also destroyed that
great power which he had over all other
nations and released the Jews from
slavery.
The black man's power, as the first
power among the nations had now be¬
gun to decay, and as the black race be¬
gan to die, as a power among nations,
the white race began to rise to where it
had never been before, but this was
2,500 years after the black man had
worked out all the problems of civil¬
ization.
[32]
THE FATHER OP CIVILIZATION
In reading Revelation, 13th Chapter,
11th verse, of St. John, the Divine, I
am very much impressed by the de¬
scription of one of his revelations which
God unfolded to him, and which he de¬
scribes as follows:
"I behold another beast coming up
out of the earth and he had two horns,
like lamb's, and he spake as a dragon."
Now, to my mind, the foregoing vision
of St. John the Divine, was this very
country, the United States of America,
revealed to him ages ago before this
country was discovered and named, the
two horns I interpret to be the two
great political parties, that have done
so much to corrupt this Government
and misrule its people from their in¬
fancy to the present day. Again, the
American Government spake like a
dragon when it permitted slavery to
exist, especially when its Constitution
says "That ALL MEN WERE BORN
FREE AND EQUAL."
Now, concerning the creating and en¬
thralling of nations, their rise and fall,
that is the will and the work of God.
(75th Psalms, 6th and 7th verses.)
[33]
THE BLACK MAN
(Jeremiah, 27th and 5th verses.) Dan¬
iel, 2nd Chapter, 21st verse.) [(Daniel,
4th Chapter, 17th verse.)
So, since it is true that the black man
is the father of civilization, it is just as
true that the white man is now at the
helm, and the big "I AM" of the civil¬
ized world. But the fact remains that
he took his civilization and his position
after the black man had created it, and
passed from the stage of action, just as
the white man must do at God's own
appointed time, to make room for some
other race, probably the yellow race,
Chinese or Japanese. David, the Psalm¬
ist, said: "Egypt was the land of the
black man—Ham not Shem, the white
man," and he further said that the
Tabernacles which were the houses and
dwellings from the lowest to the King's
palaces were Ham's, and not Shem's,
the white man—(Psalms, 106th Chap¬
ter, 22nd verse; 105th Chapter, 23rd
to 27th verse; 78th Chapter, 51st verse).
It is easy to understand why the Ne¬
gro or black man is not identified with
his Egyptian brother; that reason is
seldom honestly and earnestly sought
[34]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
for. The reason is—that the historians,
with a very few exceptions, write from
a prejudiced standpoint, together with
the fact that they do not give credit to
the Old Testament, if indeed, they
study it at all, especially that part of
it which is the most ancient, and beyond
all shadow of a doubt the first and only
TRUE account of the origin of man¬
kind it is easy to understand.
It is impossible for God to forget that
the black man and his land (Egypt)
was the cradle of rescue that rocked and
nursed the Son of God in his first two
years of life, when Herod's decree to
destroy all children under two years of
age was issued. It was known that the
decree was issued for the express and
only purpose of destroying the infant
Christ, but God chose Egypt, the black
man's land, as a haven of rest and
safety during the life of the displeased
and would-be infant murderer, Herod.
(Matt., 2nd Chapter.)
This might be the origin of that old,
old saying, " Blood is thicker than
water," for Jesus in going into Egypt,
went among black women and men, who
[35]
THE BLACK MAN
were the founders of the tribe from
which he sprang.
When God in His infinite wisdom,
His great love, justice and mercy, and
at His own appointed time, summons
mankind to take his rightful place in
the wavering human line to be reward¬
ed for that smallest of virtues, in pro¬
portion as he for the greatest of virtues,
will say to the black man, who will be
found heading the line, "Well done,
thou good and faithful black servant,
thou, My instrument, the Father of
Civilization."
The End.
[36]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
COMMENTS ON LECTURE TOURS
OP THE WRITER.
To Whom It May Concern:
"I beg to say, after hearing Elder
Webb on the subject, that the blood of
the Negro coursed through the veins of
Jesus and Solomon. I am frank to say
I have seldom, if ever, enjoyed such an
intellectual treat. The position he as¬
sumed as the subject of his lecture
touching the Hamitic blood and race is
difficult and requires a practical knowl¬
edge of Biblical and historical lore.
But I am pleased to say that he not
only shows himself an expert, but the
master of the situation, and I commend
him to the ministry and churches of our
race of every denomination. Truly,
"Bishop H. M. Turner."
[37]
TfiE BLACK MAN
COMMENTS FROM LEADING PA¬
PERS OF THE WRITER'S HOME.
"The evidence submitted by Elder
Webb tending to prove that the Saviour
of mankind was a black man seems to be
sufficient to put those who oppose the
proposition upon their proof. Now that
the chain of evidence presented by Mr.
Webb appears so complete, it is strange
that none of the delvers in the Biblical
records have not advanced the sensa¬
tional proposition before. Not only was
Christ a Negro, but it seems that Solo¬
mon, who has been held up through all
of the ages as the personification of wis¬
dom, had Ethiopian blood in his veins
also.—Seattle Daily Times.
Elder J. M. Webb, evangelist of the
Church of God, in his book describes the
black man as the father of all civiliza¬
tion. He takes the Bible to show that the
fathers of the church and all the great
leaders, even the Greatest One, were
black. Mr. Webb's work is able and
thoughtful. Whether the Anglo-Saxon
believes him or not, Mr. Webb writes
what he believes to be true about his
race and their place in Biblical history
[38]
HENRY O. TANNER
The World-Famous Afro-American Artist
Henry O. Tanner is the world fa¬
mous Afro-American artist. He is the
oldest son of Bishop Tanner of the A.
M. E. Church. He was born in Pitts¬
burg, Penn., but was trained in the
public schools of Philadelphia, to which
place his parents moved soon after his
birth. His first steps in his life work
were taken in the art schools of Phila¬
delphia from which training he went to
Paris where his genius developed and
flowered in the studies of Benjamin
Constant and Julien. In 1895 his
11 Sabot Maker,'' was shown in the salon
exhibit and received friendly treat¬
ment from the French critics. French¬
men, as a rule, are not too favorably in¬
clined to the works of foreigners and
their appreciation of Tanner is truly
significant of the real value of his work
—a merit which puts it beyond the lim¬
itations of race and country. In 1896
he exhibited "Daniel in the Lion's
Den," the first of a line of religious
works with which his fame has been
since connected. This picture received
Honorable mention from the French
Jury and was bought by the Pennsyl¬
vania Academv.
Mr. Tanner's picture, "The Two Dis-
j siples at the Tomb," was purchased by
the Chicago Art Institute for $1,600.
1Fn flQemorp of
paui xawrence
Dunbar
ffamous
BfricansBmerican
poet
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION"
THE COLORED SOLDIERS.
(From Dunbar's "Lyrics of Lowly
Life.")
If the muse were mine to tempt it
And my feeble voice were strong,
If my tongue were trained to measures,
I would sing a stirring song.
I would sing a song heroic
Of those noble sons of Ham,
Of the gallant colored soldiers
Who fought for Uncle Sam!
In the early days you scorned them,
And with many a flip and flout
Said "These battles are the white
man's,
And the whites will fight them out."
Up the hills you fought and faltered,
In the vales you strove and bled,
While your ears still heard the thunder
Of the foes' advancing tread.
Then distress fell on the nation,
And the flag was drooping low;
Should the dust pollute your banner?
No! the nation shouted, No!
[39]
THE black: man
So when War, in savage triumph,
Spread abroad Ms funeral pall—
Then you called the colored soldiers,
And they answered to your call.
And like hounds unleashed and eager
For the life blood of the prey,
Sprung they forth and bore them
bravely
In the thickest of the fray,
And where'er the fight was hottest,
Where the bullets fastest fell,
There they pressed unblanched and
fearless
At the very mouth of hell.
Below are written some of the com¬
ments on his poetry and prose:
Dr. Adams, editor of "The Ad¬
vance," says: "Dunbar was a genius
bound in ebony."
Former President Theodore Roose¬
velt said: "I was a great admirer of
his poetry and his prose."
[40]
P. KA ISAKA SEME
A Native Born African
P. Ka Isaka Seme, who delivered
such a wonderful oration on the subject,
"The Regeneration of Africa," which
oration is reproduced from the Colored
American Magazine of New York
(June, 1906). This oration substan¬
tiates me in my article wherein I claim
that the black man was the FATHER
OF CIVILIZATION.
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
The Regeneration of Africa
CURTIS MEDALS ORATION, FIRST PRIZE, APRIL 5,
1906, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.
I HAVE chosen to speak to you on
this occasion upon "The Regenera¬
tion of Africa." I am an African,
and I set my pride in my race over
-against a hostile public opinion. Men
have tried to compare races on the basis
of some equality. In all the works of
nature, equality, if by it we mean iden¬
tity, is an impossible dream! Search
the universe! You will find no two
units alike. The scientists tell us there
are no two cells, no two atoms, identical.
Nature has bestowed upon each a pe¬
culiar individuality, an exclusive patent
—from the great giants of the forest to
the tenderest blade. Catch in your
hand, if you please, the gentle flakes of
snow. Each is a perfect gem, a new
creation; it shines in its own glory—a
work of art different from all of its
aerial companions. Man, the crowning
achievement of nature, defies analysis.
[41]
THE BLACK MAN
He is a mystery through all ages and
for all time. The races of mankind are
composed of free and unique individ¬
uals. An attempt to compare them on
the basis of equality can never be finally
satisfactory. Each is self. My thesis
stands on this truth; time has proved it.
In all races, genius is like a spark,
which, concealed in the bosom of a flint,
bursts forth at the summoning stroke.
It may arise anywhere and in any race.
I would ask you not to compare Af¬
rica to Europe or to any other conti¬
nent. I make this request not from any
fear that such comparison might bring
humiliation upon Africa. The reason
I have stated,—a common standard is
impossible! Come with me to the an¬
cient capital of Egypt, Thebes, the city
of one hundred gates. The grandeur
of its venerable ruins and the gigantic
proportions of its architecture reduced
to insignificance the boasted monuments
of other nations. The pyramids of
Egypt are structures to which the world
presents nothing comparable. The
mighty monuments seem to look with
disdain on every other work of human
[42]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION"
art and to vie with nature herself. All
the glory of Egypt belongs to Alfrica
and her people. These monuments are
the indestructible memorials of their
great and original genius. It is not
through Egypt alone that Africa claims
such unrivalled historic achievements.
I could have spoken of the pyramids of
Ethiopia, which, though inferior in size
to those of Egypt, far surpass them in
architectural beauty; their sepulchres
which evince the highest purity of taste,
and of many prehistoric ruins in other
parts of Africa. In such ruins Africa
is like the golden sun, that, having sunk
beneath the western horizon, still plays
upon the world which he sustained and
enlightened in his career.
Justly the world now demands—
" Whither is fled the visionary gleam,
Where is it now, the glory and the
dream?"
Oh, for that historian who, with the
open pen of truth, will bring to Africa's
claim the strength of written proof.
He will tell of a race whose onward tide
was often swelled with tears, but in
[431
THE BLACK MAN
whose heart bondage has not quenched
the fire of former years. He will write
that in these later days when Earth's
noble ones are named, she has a roll of
honor too, of whom she is not ashamed.
The giant is awakening! From the
four corners of the earth Africa's sons,
who have been proved through fire and
sword, are marching to the future's
golden door bearing the records of
deeds of valor done.
Mr. Calhoun, I believe, was the most
philosophical of all the slave-holders.
He said once that if he could find a
black man who could understand the
Greek syntax, he would then consider
their race human, and his attitude to¬
ward enslaving them would therefore
change.. What might have been the
sensation kindled by the Greek syntax
in the mind of the famous Southerner,
I have so far been unable to discover;
but oh, I envy the moment that was
lost! And woe to the tongues that re¬
fused to tell the truth! If any such
were among the now living, I could
show him among black men of pure Af¬
rican blood those who could repeat the
[44]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
Koran from memory, skilled in Latin,
Greek and Hebrew,—Arabic and Chal-
dais—men great in wisdom and pro¬
found knowledge—one professor of
philosophy in a celebrated German uni¬
versity; one corresponding member of
the French Academy of Sciences, who
regularly transmitted to that society
meteorological observations, and hydro-
graphical journals and papers on bot¬
any and geology; another whom many
ages call "The Wise," whose authority
Mahomet himself frequently appealed
to in the Koran in support of his own
opinion—men of wealth and active
benevolence, those whose distinguished
talents and reputation have made them
famous in the cabinet and in the field,
officers of artillery in the great armies
of Europe, generals and lieutenant gen¬
erals in the armies of Peter the Great
in Russia and Napoleon in France,
presidents of free republics, kings of
independent nations which have burst
their way to liberty by their own vigor.
There are many other Africans who
have shown marks of genius and high
character sufficient to redeem their race
[45]
THE BLACK MAN
from the charges which I am now con¬
sidering.
Ladies and gentlemen, the day of
great exploring expeditions in Africa is
over! Man knows his home now in a
sense never known before. Many great
and holy men have evinced a passion
for the day you are now witnessing—
their prophetic vision shot through
many unborn centuries to this very
hour. ''Men shall run to and fro," said
Daniel, "and knowledge shall increase
upon the earth." Oh, how true! See
the triumph of human genius today!
Science has searched out the deep things
of nature, surprised the secrets of the
most distant stars, disentombed the me¬
morials of everlasting hills, taught the
lightning to speak, the vapors to toil
and the winds to worship—spanned the
sweeping rivers, tunneled the longest
mountain range—made the world a vast
whispering gallery, and has brought
foreign nations into one civilized fam¬
ily. This all-powerful contact says
even to the most backward race, you
cannot remain where you are, you can¬
not fall back—you must advance! A
[46]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
great century has come upon us. No
race possessing the inherent capacity to
survive can resist and remain unaffect¬
ed by this influence of contact and in¬
tercourse, the backward with the ad¬
vanced. This influence constitutes the
very essence of efficient progress and of
civilization.
From these heights of the twentieth
century I again ask you to cast your
eyes south of the Desert of Sahara. If
you could go with me to the oppressed
Congos and ask, what does it mean, that
now, for liberty, they fight like men and
die like martyrs; if you would go with
me to Bechuanaland, face their council
of Headmen and ask what motives
caused them recently to decree so em¬
phatically that alcoholic drinks shall
not enter their country—visit their
king, Khama, ask for what cause he
leaves the gold and ivory palace of his
ancestors, its mountain strongholds and
all its august ceremony, to wander daily
from village to village through all his
kingdom, without a guard or any dec¬
oration of his rank—a preacher of in¬
dustry and education, and an apostle of
[47]
THE BLACK MAN"
the new order of things; if you would
ask Menelik what means this that Abys¬
sinia is now looking across the ocean—
oh, if you could read the letters that
come to us from Zululand—you, too,
would be convinced that the elevation of
the African race is evidently a part of
the new order of things that belong to
this new and powerful period.
The African already recognizes his
anomalous position and desires a
change. The brighter day is rising
upon Africa. Already I seem to see
her chains dissolved, her desert plains
red with harvest, her Abyssinia and her
Zululand the seats of science and re¬
ligion, reflecting the glory of the rising
sun from the spires of their churches
and universities. Her Congo and her
Gambia whitened with commerce, her
crowded cities sending forth the hum
of business, and all her sons employed
in advancing the victories of peace-—
greater and more abiding than the
spoils of war.
Yes, the regeneration of Africa be¬
longs to this new and powerful period!
[48]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION"
By this term regeneration I wish to be
understood to mean the entrance into a
new life, embracing the diverse phases
of a higher, complex existence. The
basic factor which assures their re¬
generation resides in the awakened
race-consciousness. This gives them a
clear perception of their elemental
needs and of their undeveloped powers.
It therefore must lead them to the at¬
tainment of that higher and advanced
standard of life.
The African people, although not a
strictly homogeneous race, possess a
common fundamental sentiment which
is everywhere manifest, crystallizing it¬
self into one common controlling idea.
Conflicts and strife are rapidly disap¬
pearing before the fusing force of this
enlightened perception of the true inter¬
tribal relation, which relation should
subsist among a people with a common
destiny. Agencies of a social, economic
and religious advance tell of a new
spirit which, acting as a leavening fer¬
ment, shall raise the anxious and aspir¬
ing mass to the level of their ancient
glory. The ancestral greatness, the un-
[49]
THE BLACK MAN"
impaired genius, and the recuperative
power of the race, its irrepressibility,
which assures its permanence, consti¬
tute the African's greatest source of
inspiration. He has refused to camp
forever on the borders of the industrial
world; having learned that knowledge
is power, he is educating his children.
You find them in Edinburgh, in Cam¬
bridge, and in the great schools of Ger¬
many. These return to their country
like arrows, to drive darkness from the
lalnd. I hold that this industrial and
educational initiative, and his untiring
devotion to these activities must be re¬
garded as positive evidences of this
process of his regeneration.
The regeneration of Africa means
that a new and unique civilization is
soon to be added to the world. The
African is not a proletarian in the
world of science and art. He has
precious creations of his own, of ivory,
of copper and of gold, fine, plaited wil¬
low-ware and weapons of superior
workmanship. Civilization resembles
an organic being in its development—
it is born, it perishes, and it can propa-
[50]
THE FATHER OF CIVILIZATION
gate itself. More particularly, it re¬
sembles a plant, it takes root in the-
teeming earth, and when the seeds fall
in other soils new varieties sprout up.
The most essential departure of this
new civilization is that it shall be
thoroughly spiritual and humanistic—
indeed a regeneration moral and
eternal!
O Africa !
Like some great century plant that shall
bloom
In ages hence, we watch thee; in our
dream
See in thy swamps the Prospero of our
stream;
Thy doors unlocked, where knowledge
in her tomb
Hath lain innumerable years in gloom.
Then shalt thou, walking with that
morning gleam
Shine as thy sister lands with equal
beam.
[513
CHICAGO ILLINOIS
February, Nineteen-Fourteen
Wm. H. Pool Printing & Binding Co.
626-686 S. Curk Street
Chicago, III.