Robert W. Woodruff
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EMORY UNIVERSITY
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LIFE LINES of SUCCESS
A Practical Manual of Self-Help for the
Future Development of the Ambitious
COLORED AMERICAN :
THE WHOLE EMBRACING
AN INSPIRING SYMPOSIUM
ON
OUR PRESENT DAY
OPPORTUNITIES
•ax***#****
Lessons from the Ancient and Glorious History of the Race and The
Wonderful Civilization of Our Ancestors as an Example to
the Rising Generation :: Words of Wisdom from
the Wiseman's Philosophy as a Guide to a
Happy and Successful Life
TO WHICH IS ADDED
LIFE LINES OF KNOWLEDGE
Presenting a Series of Valuable Instructions for the Self-Improvement
of Those Who Desire to Keep Step with
THE PROGRESS of the RACE
IT T TTQTTf A Twn J PROGRESS AND PROSPERITY OF A RISING
lLLUZ>Ltu\iiLU | RACE AS TOLD By THE CAMERA
Written and Compiled by JOSEPH R. GAY
Assisted by a Corps of Eminent Authorities
Copyright 1913
by Joseph E. Gay
We have spent the greater part of the first fifty years of FREEDOM
thinking of the past. Let us spend the next fifty years thinking of
the future.
Publishers' Preface
UCCESS in life through self-help, should be the key-note of all
human endeavor. What opportunities have we for success in life?
What does the future hold in store for us? What can we do to
better our present conditions? How can we help each other?
These are the all important questions that concern and interest
the ambitious, progressive Colored American, seeking intellectual, spiritual
and material welfare.
Volumes have been written about the past, but—except for the les¬
sons taught, the past is almost like a dream.
Let us start the second half century of freedom by looking to the
future; by casting about for present opportunities and making the most of
them. Let us begin anew in the light of past experience and with the advan¬
tage of progress already won. Let us forget our past troubles, both real and
imaginary. Let us bury the failures, misfortunes and mistakes of the past
half century and make a new, fresh start for greater success in life. Let us
think, and take advantage of, the wonderful possibilities that are open to us
now. Let us remember that knowledge brings efficiency, and efficiency brings
power; that power commands and creates new opportunities for those who
seek it along the LIFE LINES OF SUCCESS; and that God helps those who
help themselves.
We must realize that THOUGHT IS POWER, and teach the principles
of right thinking. Thought is the force with which we build and shape the
whole future of our lives, whether for good or ill.
If you desire to develop your own greatest powers, if you have a son
or daughter about to assume life's more serious duties, if you have a friend
who can be helped by wholesome advice, then this book has a message of
inspiration for you and a note of encouragement for the friend who seeks to
grasp LIFE LINES OF SUCCESS.
The teachings of this work will help you understand THE VITAL
LAWS OF TRUE LIFE, true greatness, power and happiness, but the striking
feature of the book is—after all, the solid, sensible, healthy exposition of
the one theme it is written to enforce and open up: "Opportunity." There¬
fore it is "A PRACTICAL MANUAL OF SELF-HELP."
This volume is a real survey of the vital questions that affect us in
everyday life. The department presenting a series of instructions under the
title of "Life Lines of Knowledge" is interesting and stimulating, dealing
with the INDIVIDUAL and his latent powers and of his practical relations
with mankind. It offers many sane and practical suggestions, tending to a
richer personal life.
There are pages brimful of fragrant thoughts; beautiful ideals that
cheer and inspire to nobler aspirations and loftier undertakings; practical
suggestions that point the way to success; spiritual truths that intensify faith
in yourself, in your fellow man and faith in all that is divine.
Each subject is written in the simplest, clearest language, in a way that
will prove helpful in developing the powers of the rising generation. The
idea is to teach the creative power of thought.
Full of good cheer and uplift, this book points the way to a nobler life
and broadens human affection. It explains this mystical life of ours; teaches
the practical things of life; tells what all the world is seeking to learn. It
is a book for living men. It will carry you on to the winning of your highest
ambitions, and above all—will keep you in touch with yourself and with the
infinite God.
THE PUBLISHERS
PART I.
LIFE LINES OF SUCCESS
Page
The Coming Men of the Race 17
The Turning Point 29
Earning Respect for His Race 31
Increase of Opportunities 37
In the Employ of the U. S. Government 44
The Colored American in the Service of God r 49
Leaders of America Whose Ears Are Close to the Ground 53
The Colored American's Nationality 59
The Four Divisions of Mankind 64
The World's Congress of Races 67
Progress of the Different Races of Mankind 74
Ethiopia, the Great Black Empire 83
The Genius of Colored Americans 91
Development of the Race in the U. S 98
The Overground Railroad 108
Physical Training 115
The Four "Learned Professions" 123
The Road to Success 126
Optimism, Pessimism and Indifference 129
Pleasures of the Flesh 132
The Survival of the Fittest 136
The Victory of the Man Who Dares 140
The Wise Man's Philosophy 149
The Key to Success 152
Opportunity for Business Life 166
Superstition and Luck 180
PART II.
LIFE LINES OF KNOWLEDGE
Page
The Secrets of Human Life 214
A Successful Marriage 231
Cupid's Conquest 243
The Honeymoon 252
What Marriage Involves 258
Personal Purity 269
The Influence of the Planets on Human Life 276
The Science of Palmistry 294
How to Head Character 302
Hypnotism, Fortune Telling, Etc 309
The Home is God's Training School 317
Home the Heart of the Nation 324
The Child the Coming Man 329
The Training of Children 335
Developing Boys and Girls 340
Developing Moral Character 344
Reverence and Respect 354
Duties of Children to Their Parents 359
The Future of the Child, the Future of the Race 364
The Way to Perfect Health 366
General Health Conditions 381
Common Sense in the Sick Room 396
Rules for Accidents and Emergencies 407
Social and Business Guide
The Art of Receiving and Entertaining
How to Conduct Business
Every Man His Own Lawyer
The Art of Elocution and Oratory 492
Cotton Growers' Information and Statistics
LIFE LINES OF SUCCESS
PART L
THE COMING MEN OF THE RACE
Our Young Men Will Be Our Future Leaders
Who are to be our leaders this coming generation?
We have had brilliant and faithful leaders in the past, men who
labored under adverse circumstances, but who succeeded in reducing
opposition, and brought the race up to a higher standard. They were
the pioneers in a great national movement. Their names are honored
and will be honored as long as the race exists.
Their preliminary great work done, they passed away leaving its
continuation in the hands of other noble men and women, who are still
among us.
Remember, we are now in the second generation of uplift, and the
mantle of the leaders of the first generation of freedom, passed to those
of the second generation, has been spread over a vastly wider field, and
shows room for still wider extension.
The history of man shows that in all great human movements for
betterment, there have been pioneers who commenced the work, and
carried it to a higher point. Then came a succeeding line of leaders
who took up the work and carried it higher still.
Neither the pioneers of the Colored people of the United States,
nor their successors, the present leaders, could do all or can do all that
is to be done in the way of elevation or betterment, because it has grown
to enormous proportions.
For this reason we must look about us and see who are to be the
future leaders of the Colored Americans.
We now have able leaders, men of great character and ability, men
whose loss would be keenly felt, but they know, and we know, that in
the course of nature all must pass away, and we have it from their
earnest utterances that their great hope is to have successors in the
2—1, S 17
THE COMING MEN OF THE RACE
25
denly come forth out of his retirement at the call of demand following
opportunity. This is life and the natural progress of the world. You
are living under auspicious circumstances, surrounded by events that
must cause you to think, and know just what is required to advance
along the lines of human betterment.
Every man thinks he knows just what he would do under certain
circumstances if he had the opportunity, and that he has the power to
do it. Very well, here are the opportunities, and if you develop your
natural ability and capacity and take hold with a firm hand, you will
attain the power. It is characteristic among all men, an attribute of
modern affairs, that to obtain anything an effort must be made to get
it. Everybody knows this by experience. It has been the experience
of all men, and of all nations. A man must reach out and take what is
before him within his reach. A wise man never attempts to try to take
what is beyond his reach. Children do that, but a modern man is no
child. There is an old maxim which says: i' A bird in the hand is worth
two in the bush.'' Wherefore, take the bird in hand and hold on to it,
and you will get the two in the bush by and by.
FUTURE LEADERS NOW UNKNOWN YOUTH
Even now in some humble home, there is a youth, a mere child with
possibilities unknown to him or to you, who may develop into a leader.
Many great men have sprung from such sources, and made the world
ring with their exploits. What has been done can be and will be done
again. It is not fate, nor is it perhaps destiny as some may think, it is
opportunity.
Do you suppose that the poor child who looks on at the amazing
things of life, the things going on around him, does not think about
them and feel ambitious to be or do something that will make as good
a showing?
It may be that he plods back and forth after his morning chores, to
some little elementary school with his few books under his arm, and
which he has pored over the night before or in the early morning. He
knows that he is learning, and his small ambition leads him to learn
26
THE COMING MEN OF THE RACE
more. His interest is aroused and he represents the seed, the foundation
of a leader or of some of our leaders who will make their mark, an ad¬
vanced man to take the place of some who will soon pass away.
He may have left the plow and the little elementary school to go to
college; there are opportunities for this, and when he gets to this col¬
lege, his mind expands, and he becomes fertile in resources to embrace
opportunities before him. The more he learns, the more rapidly does
his mind quicken, and the more his mind quickens the more he advances
along the goal.
PERHAPS YOUR BOY WILL LEAD THE RACE
He is your boy, perhaps, your son for whom you have the highest
ambitions, and your bosom swells with pride at the thought that he is
your boy, and that you have opened the door to opportunity for him.
Some young man just out of college, just out of the refining process,
is on the high road to position and honor, and is already making a name
for himself, may become the leader or some leader along the many fields
open to him.
Can you say that it will not be yourself? Who knows that it may
not be you, your brother, nephew, cousin, or some valued friend? Give
yourself the benefit of the doubt if there be any doubt, and there need
not be, and take hold of the intellectual plow, and till the field of op¬
portunity. It is waiting for you and for yours.
Do not throw straws in your own and in the way of those you know
and to whom you may be related by the ties of blood or friendship.
Why not put them and yourself in the way of opportunities? Give
yourself and them a chance to prepare for opportunity, every one pos¬
sesses the chance, and he must prepare for it, it is in the future, perhaps
it is waiting now, are you ready for it? Do you think you will be ready
when it calls? If not get ready by keeping your ear close to the ground
and watch for the signal. Keep in touch with the people, their needs,
necessities and demands; observe the signs of the times and study the
shaping of events.
THE TURNING POINT
The Progress of the Colored American;
His Chance in the Business World
There are three points upon which every colored citizen may base
his chances for success in the business world:
First—From their inability to engage in any business whatever a
generation and a half ago, the Colored race now numbers about
five hundred thousand members engaged in trade, transporta¬
tion, manufacturing and mechanical pursuits.
Second—The Colored race having increased from about four mil¬
lions of people a generation and a half ago, to nearly ten mil¬
lions of people in 1913, the commercial field has vastly widened
for exploitation.
Third—Under the now accepted doctrine announced by Rev.
Charles H. Parkhurst of New York City, the field is still farther
enlarged and bids fair to become unlimited.
The exact bearing of this increase in the population upon business
chances lies in the increased consumption, greater demand and ad¬
vanced civilization—that is a greater variety of objects are necessary
to comfort or pleasure. This makes more customers, and all things
being equal, perhaps they should be a trifle better, it is quite on the
cards to believe that the Colored American will get his increased share
of the trade of his fellow Colored Americans. If he does not, then he
is probably in fault through inferior goods, poor service and lack of
prompt delivery. The business is in his hands at any rate and the
opportunity is at his call.
The first proposition is to the effect that business chances are now
at high tide, where a few years ago there were no chances of any sort.
We are speaking of the subject of business chances exclusively, but
may venture to add such employments as miners, masons, dress makers,
29
THE PROGRESSIVE COLORED AMER¬
ICAN EARNS RESPECT
FOR HIS RACE
What Other Races are Doing to Rise—Persistence
and Determination Will Win
In a country like the United States where there are so many
different peoples gathered together, it is difficult for all of them to live
in perfect harmony.
In view of what is said in other parts of this book, it must come
that all men will be united as one nation, with one set of rules and
laws applicable to all alike and without discrimination against any
branch of the human family, and without regard to his color.
There are not so many prejudices against races as was formerly
the custom, or rather habit, and the signs of the times are that preju¬
dice and opposition are diminishing every day.
Colored citizens have had to fight against all kinds of prejudice
and even submit to humiliations that ought to rouse their manhood
and compel them to inquire when or whether it will ever end. Every
Colored American who reads this book may feel assured that the end
is in sight, and that his children will witness a great diminution
in the slights put upon his race and color. It will be effected by per¬
sonal influence based upon education and high standards of living.
Not so very long ago, the Jew was about as humiliated a race of
men as exist in the world. Driven out of public places because they
were Jews; unable to do business with others on account of their race,
they were made a byword and a laughing stock in every occupation
of life, and held up to the world on the theater stage as objects of de¬
rision and caricature.
31
INCREASE OF OPPORTUNITIES
FOR COLORED AMERICANS
Trades, Business Occupations, and Professions Opening
Up in Every Part of the United States—Four
Hundred Millions of Acres of Fertile Land
Waiting for the Tiller—Agricultural and
Mechanical Facilities Multiply—Honor
and Profit Within the Grasp of
Every Colored American
Nearly every occupation known to the world of endeavor, that is
to say: the trades; arts and sciences; commerce; business; manufac¬
tures; skilled labor, and others, are now filled by Colored Americans
with success and profit.
There are at least one hundred and fifty different occupations and
professions utilized by Colored Americans, and not a single occupa¬
tion can be mentioned or thought of that is not open to them.
One colored citizen in any business, occupation, or profession,
means another one, and the field grows more extensive every year,
with the advantages offered by institutions of learning, trade and
mechanical schools and colleges, and every industry represented by
an institution of learning.
The Colored American is to be found in the Army and Navy of
the country, and the walks of life which are not menial are so various
that one is almost tempted to disbelieve the evidence of the record.
There are 17 State Agricultural and Mechanical Colleges in the
United States, and in all of them, the Colored American stands on a
par with the other races, often at the head of his class.
Distributed through the various States, are one hundred and
eighty-four special Normal and Industrial schools of the highest class,
specially maintained for the benefit of the Colored Americans.
37
46
IN THE EMPLOY OF THE GOVERNMENT
themselves under General Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. In
1814, 2,000 Colored Americans enlisted for the war and were sent to the
army at Sackett's Harbor, where they performed deeds of valor.
RECORDS OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT
During the great Civil War, 178,975 Colored Americans took up
arms and fought side by side with the men of the North to maintain
the nation. The records of the War Department at Washington show
that the Negro troops were engaged in many of the bloodiest battles of
the war, distinguished themselves more especially at Port Hudson, Fort
Wagner, Milligan's Bend, and Petersburg.
In the late war with Spain, in 1898, Colored American soldiers took
a more conspicuous part than in any other war waged by the United
States. In the famous battle of San Juan Hill, the Ninth and Tenth
Cavalry and Twenty-fourth Infantry rendered heroic service. Col.
Roosevelt delights to tell of the part the Colored Americans took with
his Rough Riders. It is even said, that without the aid of the Colored
troops, the gallant Colonel would not have gone up the hill.
All this is evidence of physical prowess, patriotism and courage.
History has been made, and now the country is ready for the results
of a glorious history and as honorable a record as that exhibited by any
race on earth. Out of it has come a regular demand of the government
to make Colored Americans a part and parcel of its army and navy,
and the ranks of many regiments of infantry, cavalry, and artillery are
filled with heroes who have won their baptism of fire in the Philippines,
and others who are ready and fired with zeal to earn their spurs in
some well contested field of battle. They have but to ask, to be re¬
ceived.
Out of this also, has grown a confidence that has made the Col¬
ored American a man of energy, fired him with an interest in improve¬
ment, and a seeker after education. Out of his noble history has grown
a spirit of emulation, that impels him to aspire to high position not
only as deserved but because he is fitted to fill it.
THE COLORED AMERICAN IN THE
SERVICE OF GOD
The Church as a Career for Colored Americans—Influence of
Religion a Powerful Incentive to Success—Opportunities to
Follow an Honorable Vocation—High Religious Aspira¬
tions an Inborn Sentiment of the Race—Men Who Have
Been Pioneers in the Field.
The church offers an opportunity to embrace a high and honorable
calling, a career that is the noblest in the world.
The spirit of religion is an instinct of the race, and the past decade
or two has demonstrated that the spirit has quickened into a most
beneficial activity, and is exerting an influence for good that has made
itself felt.
Before the race lifted itself up on the wings of freedom, there was
good soil to cultivate, and many apostles and evangelists of the Christ
prepared the way for the present splendid hierarchy. The latter are
preparing the way for their successors in the same manner as their
predecessors, but the field is enlarged to enormous dimensions. The
laborers in the vineyard are becoming too few to gather the harvest, so
it is necessary to prepare leaders of advanced thought to keep pace
with the work, and to increase it.
The Colored Americans are the fruitful vineyard, that is constantly
increasing and there must be more laborers. The foundation is laid,
the way is open, and the young Colored American with a vocation has
not far to seek to find an open door.
There is loving memory for Rev. Lemuel Haynes, the revolutionary
soldier, who drew the sword for his country and never laid it down
until the last foreign enemy had left the country. Then, he turned his
4—It S 49
COLORED AMERICAN IN THE SERVICE OF GOD 51
THE CAUSE OF RELIGION
As showing their faith demonstrated by good works, the Colored
Americans are supporting 34,689 schools, and contributing 1,750,000
children to the cause of religion and education. They have donated
in money more than sixty million dollars to church property.
The shepherds guiding this enormous flock, consist of Bishops of
the highest attainments as scholars, teachers, and pious divines.
The Colored Methodist Episcopal Church has seven Bishops with
an able executive corps of ten members.
The African Methodist Episcopal Church is under the guidance of
fourteen wise shepherd Bishops, with an executive staff of eleven emi¬
nently qualified divines.
The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, has nine Bishops,
devoted men all of them, aided by a staff of workers numbering six¬
teen divines, lawyers, editors, missionaries and financiers.
The Afro-American Presbyterian council consists of three presi¬
dents and a secretary. The National Baptist Convention is guided by
Rev. E. C. Morris, D. D., President, of Helena, Ark., aided by Rev. W.
6. Parks, Vice-President at Large, of Philadelphia, Pa., and eleven sec¬
retaries.
The Methodist Episcopal Church has one Colored Bishop, Isaiah
B. Scott, D. D., LL.D., Missionary Bishop to Liberia and West Africa,
Monrovia, Liberia.
The general offices and officers, however, are in the United States,
and consist of eleven clergymen and other distinguished men who at¬
tend to missionary work and executive duties generally.
There are numerous Roman Catholic priests among our Colored
Americans, some of whom occupy high positions as educators. Rev.
Charles Randolph Uncles is a professor in the Epiphany Apostolic Col¬
lege, Walbrook, Baltimore, Maryland. Rev. John H. Dorsey is a teach¬
er and Assistant Principal in the St. Joseph College for Negro Cate-
chists, Montgomery, Alabama. Rev. Joseph Burgess is a professor in
the Apostolic College, at Cornwells, Pennsylvania,
LEADERS OF AMERICA WHOSE
EARS ARE CLOSE TO THE
GROUND
Americans, Regardless of Color, Who are Lead¬
ing the People out of the Wilderness and
Teaching the Brotherhood of Man.
"We have at the present time in the United States certain persons
regarded as eminent in progress and advanced thought, who must be
reckoned with when it comes to human improvement, and the removal
of obstacles to man's intellectual life and physical welfare.
There have been numberless proofs in the years gone by, in fact,
we. have only to survey the pages of all history, to learn that it is a
law of human nature, that there is no distinction between color and
race, and that brains, intellect, soul, are and always will be the test,
the criterion, the standard of human excellence.
To review the past would be to open the door to endless pages of
history, and require pages of illustrious names that have shone like
stars in the human firmament.
Those who are engaged in the development of the human family,
and apparently unconsciously working out the designs of God in their
persistent advocacy of human betterment, the destruction of inefficient
environments, and the promotion of peace and good will, as well as the
preservation of health, are numerous. Strikingly prominent are many
of our Americans who seem to be blessed with an almost prophetic in¬
sight, and the ability to bring about changes in unpleasant conditions.
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CAPABLE OFFICE STAFF
Bookkeeping Department, National Benefit Association, Washington, D. C.
ENTERPRISING BUSINESS MEN
The Executive Committee of the "National Negro Business League." The purpose of this league
is to bring the business men together for mutual co-operation and trade advancement.
MONOTYPE OPERATORS
Modern typesetting machines. A. M. Sunday School Publishing House, Nashville, Tenn.
MEN OF FINANCE—BANKERS
Members of The National Bankers' Association. The men who control trust funds and provide
means for business and agricultural expansion.
PRIVATE LIBRARY OF A PROSPEROUS HOME
Refinement and culture is here shown in the home of Chas. Banks, Mound Bayou, Miss.
SUCCESSFUL IN LAW PRACTICE
A prominent lawyer presenting his case to Judge R. H. Terrell, who is a colored Judge of a
Municipal Court in Washington, D. C.
STENOGRAPHY IN A WELL EQUIPPED OFFICE
The type-written letter in business correspondence is almost a necessity, hence the great demand
for intelligent and experienced stenographers.
BUSINESS ACHIEVEMENT
Vandehorst's Shoe Store, Jacksonville, Fla, Evidence of the opportunity for success in the shoe business.
THE REWARD OF THRIFT AND ENERGY
The palatial residence of J. F. Herndon, a prosperous Colored citizen of Atlanta, Ga.
AN ELEGANT AND WELL-APPOINTED LIBRARY
An interior view in the home of a noted physician, Doctor George Cabaniss, Washington, D. C.
LUXURY AND COMFORT
An elegantly appointed Barber Shop owned and patronized exclusively by Colored citizens.
Birmingham, Alabama.
AN UP-TO-DATE STORE
An example of Mercantile Success, showing possibility and prosperity. Owned and operated
by A. H. Underdown, Washington, D. C.
COMMERCIAL PROSPERITY
One of the largest Fish Markets in the South. Jacksonville, Fla,
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE OVERGROUND RAILROAD
Here are lined up in their uniforms some of the brightest Parlor Car porters of the Chicago and
Northwestern Railroad.
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THE COLORED MAN AS A PIONEER
The first house in Chicago was erected by a Negro.
THE COLORED AMERICANS'
NATIONALITY
The Colored Americans' field is the entire United States. They are
an integral part of the nation the same as other citizens, and their
rapid progress entitles them to an occupation of that field on a par with
all others.
We are fast getting rid of the vulgar epithets heaped upon citizens
of the United States who are Jews, Germans, Irish, etc., and the vulgar
epithets hurled at Colored citizens of the United States on account of
their color.
The time is soon coming, therefore, to ask: Why should we say,
11 Colored Americans 1f 1 Let us advance to the next Government census
and forestall an episode to see how it would work:
The scene is supposed to be in the year 1920 and represents the
United States census taker of that period going his rounds and making
inquiries. He calls upon a well known Jewish citizen, and the following
conversation takes place:
11 Mr. Solomon Isaacs, what is your nationality ?'' Mr. Isaacs replies:
"I am an American citizen, I was born in Chicago in the 19th Ward."
The examining man asks: "Are you not a Jew?" Mr. Isaacs replies:
1' No, sir, I am an American." " But your nose,—" '' My nose has noth¬
ing to do with my nationality." This being true, the Jew is allowed
to go.
Calling next upon Mr. Patrick McGillicuddy, he opens his book:
i'Patrick McGillicuddy, what is your nationality?" Mr. McGilli¬
cuddy makes the same answers as the Jew. "But," says the examiner,
"Your long square chin and protruding lower jaw proclaim you an—"
"My chin, sir, has nothing to do with my nationality." So the
Irishman is passed.
50
THE FOUR DIVISIONS of MANKIND
The African One of the
Purest Types
Of the four great primary divisions of the human race, the Aryan,
Mongolian, Semitic, and Hamitic, there are three that preserve their
racial type and have been little changed by inter-mixtures. These are
the Semitic, or Jews 5 the Hamitic, or Africans, and the Mongolians, or
Chinese.
The Aryan division spreading out from the Caucasus Mountains
by way of India, and thence westward, became split up into a hundred
different races, with varying peculiarities and racial differences, be¬
coming as they are today English, German, French, Irish, Scotch,
Swedes, Finns, Russians, Hindus, and a hundred other varying races
that have intermingled until the Aryan designation as a division of the
human race is entirely lost.
All these split Aryan races have become centralized in the United
States, where they are continuing their intermingling, and getting
farther away from the Aryan type.
On the contrary, the three other divisions, the Jews, the Africans,
and the Chinese, have maintained during all the ages since their crea¬
tion, their original characteristics, with only slight intermixtures, so
slight, indeed, that they are barely noticeable.
Historically, the races that make up the Aryan splits, are a mere
breath on the surface of the ages of time, when compared with the
other three divisions of the human race. Long before the ancestors of
many of them composed the barbarian hordes that thundered at the
gates of the Roman capitol, and finally effaced it from the face of the
64
THE WORLD'S CONGRESS of RACES
Great Importance of Colored Race in the
Tremendous World Upward Movement
One Thousand Delegates from Fifty
Different Races Proclaim
Uplift of People
In considering the opportunities offered the Colored people of the
United States, two things must be constantly borne in mind:
1. That the advance of the world and of the nations toward har¬
monious action and unity of motives, is purely of the mind and soul and
not of the material things of life.
2. As to the world's progress the Colored Americans of the United
States occupy a prominent position in the vanguard with the other di¬
visions of the human race, all of whom are moving in the same direction
toward carrying out the Divine plan of bringing all nations into one
fold.
On July 26, 1912, there opened in the City of London, England, a
great congress of the races of the world including all the dark races
or their representatives. In fact, fifty different races were represented
by their leading men, consisting of over thirty presidents of parlia¬
ments, the members of the permanent court of arbitration and of the
delegates to the Second Hague Conference, twelve British governors
and eight British premiers, over forty colonial Bishops, a hundred and
thirty professors of international law, the leading students of mankind,
and other scientific men of the world.
When Lord Weardale, at the head of the World's Peace movement,
opened the first session of this congress, he looked into the faces of a
thousand people representing fifty different races of men.
67
68
THE WORLD'S CONGRESS OF RACES
Lord Weardale said among other things: "To those who regard
the furtherance of international good will and peace as the highest of
all human interests, this First Universal Races Congress opens a vista
of almost boundless promise.
"Nearer and nearer we see approaching the day when the caste
population of the East will assert their claim to meet on terms of equal¬
ity the nations of the West; when the free institutions and the organ¬
ized forces of the one hemisphere will have their counterbalance in the
other; when their mental outlook and their social aims will be in prin¬
ciple identical; when in short the color prejudice will have vanished
and the so-called "white races" and the so-called "colored races" shall
no longer meet in missionary exposition, but, in very fact, regard one
another as in truth men and brothers."
Dr. Felix von Luschan, of Germany, declared, "There is an increas¬
ing mutual sympathy between the races as they come to know each
other."
Mr. Gustave Spiller, the organizer of the congress, said:
"The common standard provided by university diplomas shows
almost all races, even the majority of those which are regarded as in¬
ferior, represented successfully in the universities of Europe and Amer¬
ica, and that they are equal in intellectual capacity with the others.
Hence the difference between them are mere physical characteristics."
Professor Robertson, of England, among other things established
this comforting assurance:
"It is only after a long and painful apprenticeship that European
nations have attained autonomy. Why not admit that it may be the
same with the so-called backward peoples?"
THE POSSIBILITY OF PROGRESS
The possibility of progress with regard to the Colored Americans
is emphasized by Professor Charles S. Myers of England, who gives the
results of his personal observations in other nations.
70
THE WORLD'S CONGRESS OF RACES
has experienced the result of strong sun and wind in his own skin.
1 'Tan" it is called, and sometimes, within a few weeks the color of a
white man's skin is transformed into a yellow or a dark brown. If the
exposure continues, the color remains.
In the opinion of noted scientists, it is certain that the difference
between the races as to color is merely skin deep. Their psychological
conditions are equal, as we shall see when we reach that point.
Professor Felix Adler, the eminent scientist, speaking with author¬
ity, upholds the idea that the relations between the races can be only
psychological and not physical. He said at the great Congress of
Races:
i'It is urgently necessary for us to have a clearer conception of the
ideal to be realized in international relations. What principle shall we
put in the place of war, brute force, etc?
"The appeal to sentiment and the progress of democracy, are not
in themselves a safeguard against war. It is not peace itself that we
must keep in view, but the object to be secured by peace. The ideal
principle of international relations consists in the progressive organiza¬
tion of these relations between peoples and races. This organiza¬
tion involves two postulates:
"First. To attain the most extreme differentiation of types of cul¬
ture, the maximum of variety and richness in the expression of human
faculties. The peace and progress of the world will depend on the for¬
mation of a cultivated class of all civilized peoples.
"Second. This exchange between different types of culture will
serve to bring to light the weak points in each, and lead to their im¬
provement and healing."
Sir Charles Bruce, the noted administrator of government attempts,
in various localities where the different races confront one another,
to give as his deliberate opinion, based upon experience and close study,
this succinct truism:
"The blacks have long been the instruments of the cupidity, cru¬
elty and luxury of the whites; but their intelligence, deliberately neg¬
lected for ages, needs only to be awakened."
THE WORLD'S CONGRESS OF RACES
73
sign. In such cases the psychological man, the man with a soul, the
man into whom God breathed the breath of life, is considered a differ¬
ent being and he is unified as "Man."
Not only is this distinctive unity of soul, of mind, of intelligence,
the predominating feature of the creation, known as "man," but his
physical characteristics outside the mere skin deep differences, are ex¬
actly the same.
Modern scientists, known as "biologists," that is, men who inves¬
tigate the origin of physical life in men, have advanced so far that they
know and can easily demonstrate that there are no physical differences.
The infinitely small cells called "protoplasms," which make up the
tissues of the human body, and which are present everywhere, plainly
visible to the eye under a microscope, are exactly the same in every hu¬
man being whatever his race or color, condition, education, environ¬
ment, etc.
All the machinery upon which these small cells of life operate and
give action, energy, and duration—the heart, the nerves, the blood, and
all the organs essential or co-operative, are identically the same.
Men have tried to find a difference in the physical make-up of the
various races but they have signally failed. They have even endeav¬
ored to compare the blood and cells of inferior animals such as apes,
going so low as the common monkey, to show that some of the races
originated in what is known as the "Anthropoid Ape," so as to bolster
up the doctrine of evolution and maintain the existence of an exclu¬
sively, special God created race of men, of which they are the sole and
exclusive exponents, but they, also, have signally failed, and all men
today, proven by science demonstrating the truths of Holy Writ, stand
upon the same psychological, or soul plane, whether his skin be black,
yellow, brown, red, white or any other color or shade of color. They
are all part and parcel of the Divine movement which is impelling man
toward a universal psychological unity. Any man or nation that at¬
tempts to bar the way, is submerged or cast aside like a straw before
an avalanche. This is written upon the pages of history so clearly, that
it is beyond controversy.
PROGRESS OF THE DIFFERENT
RACES OF MANKIND
Marvelous Rise of the Japanese from Barbarism in Five
Decades—The Jews without a National Government
Rule the Finances and Commerce of the World-
China in Contact with Civilization Has Created a
Great Republic—The American Indian Raised From
Savagery to Peaceful, Profitable Pursuits — The
Colored American's Part and Opportunities in the
Great Onward Movement
A reader of history who does not go deeper than the mere words in
books, sees nothing but confusion in the steady, onward march of all
mankind from the dawn of creation to the present time.
We hope to bring something easily understood out of this chaos,
that will be of benefit to the Colored Americans, and put them in line
with the great movement of the human family toward universal peace
and prosperity. We expect to show that he is an essential factor in the
human race, and that he has performed his part when his ancestors, the
powerful kings of Ethiopia, brought civilization and the art of working
metals into Egypt, as far as Asia, and into Europe.
The most learned ethnologists hold that there was a time in the
history of the human race when all mankind were unified, and that
through different causes operating upon passion for power, religious
differences and climatic necessities, they became separated and split
into divisions each of which claimed supremacy, and made war upon
the others who denied it.
Wherever we begin the national history of any nation or tribe, we
74
ETHIOPIA, THE GREAT BLACK EMPIRE
THE AUTHORITY OF THE BIBLE AND ALSO RECENT DISCOVERIES IN
AFRICA PROVE THE ANCIENT AND POWERFUL CIVILIZATION OF
THE COLORED RACE 3,000 YEARS B. C—THE STORY OF CANDACE,
THE BEAUTIFUL BLACK QUEEN OF ETHIOPIA, AND THE MAR¬
RIAGE OF MOSES TO AN ETHIOPIAN WOMAN 1490 B. C— HOW
PIANKHI, THE BLACK KING, CONQUERED EGYPT 750 B. C., AND
HOW EGYPT TOOK HER CIVILIZATION FROM ETHIOPIA.
We read about Napoleon, Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine
of Russia, Marie Antoinette of France, and other kings and queens,
many of whom led mysteriously cloudy lives and came to a bad end¬
ing, but few have ever heard of Queen Candace, Queen of Ethiopia.
You are referred to the Bible (Acts 8:27) as a beginning of the in¬
formation to follow.
Few among the learned in this present age, and less of the un¬
learned, know anything about the origin of the colored race in the
United States. They are completely in the dark as to their ancestry,
as a powerful and highly civilized race of people.
The fact is, that while the Anglo-Saxons, Celts, Scandinavians, Ger¬
mans, and so on, wore skin coats, devoured their food raw, lived in
caverns, and were busily engaged in cutting one another's throats over
dry bones, the ancestors of our Colored people in these United States
were enjoying the highest arts of civilization, lived in palaces, and
erected magnificent specimens of the most wonderful architecture in
the world, and behaved generally like civilized people.
Recent and authentic discoveries in Africa have brought to light,
through monuments and other evidences, that the Hamitic race played
a very important part in the first stages of the world's history. There
are modern records, which, together with the great number of monu-
83
84
ETHIOPIA, THE GREAT BLACK EMPIRE
ments of great antiquity, demonstrate without the shadow of a doubt
that the African civilization of the Hamitic race, was older than the
most ancient history recorded of the Egyptians, going back centuries
before the birth of Moses.
THE BLACK NATIONS A POWERFUL CIVILIZATION
It appears now that Egypt took its civilization from Ethiopia, the
black empire south of it.
The old theories have been smashed into atoms, and it now appears
that the black nations of certain regions of the continent of Africa were
not races in their infancy, but the descendants of a powerful civilization
gradually broken by misfortunes and disastrous wars against it.
The Egyptians have always contended that their forefathers
learned their arts and largely received their laws from the black em¬
pire farther south. Throughout the pages of Homer, the Ethiopians are
spoken of with great respect, as the friends of the gods, the 41 blameless
Ethiopians'' being a common phrase.
The great Greek historian, Herodotus, who has been charged with
drawing upon his imagination in his accounts of Africa, is now demon¬
strated to have been truthful. His extraordinary stories about the an¬
cient empire of Ethiopians, south of Egypt, are being verified from the
recently unearthed monuments, as having been erected by the very peo¬
ple of whom the historian wrote, to celebrate their victories and honor
their gods.
Although the most ancient inscriptions on the monuments along
the upper Nile have not yet been deciphered, the story of the Land of
the Blacks is well known as far back as eight hundred years before
Christ.
THE BLACK KINGS
As showing a common civilization, in fact, perhaps a common ori¬
gin, the doings of the Black Kings were chronicled after the same fash¬
ion as those of the Egyptian kings.
ETHIOPIA, THE GREAT BLACK EMPIRE
85
The writing of the people of the Great Black Empire, is like that
of the Egyptians, and the gods they worshiped were closely related to
the gods of Egypt.
Inscriptions on these monuments that have been deciphered, tell
us that Piankhi, the black king, conquered Egypt 750 B. C., and that he
worshiped without question in Egyptian temples, and the carvings in
the excavated ruins, which show men and women unmistakably Negro,
give evidence of the similarity of religion.
We have always supposed, as told by the scientists, that civilization
went up the Nile, whereas, it is now proven that it came down the Nile,
that is, from Ethiopia to Egypt, instead of the other way.
When Cambyses, king of Persia, conquered Egypt six hundred
years before the Christian era, he ventured to arrange an expedition
against the black empire to the south, stories of the greatness of which
he had been told. He sent to the Black King gifts of gold, palm wine
and incense, and asked to be informed whether or not it was true that
on a certain spot called the "Table of the Sun," the magistrates, every
night, put provisions of cooked meats so that every one who was hungry
might come in the morning and help himself.
The history proceeds to tell us, that the black king, Nastasenen,
received the envoys of Cambyses peacefully but without enthusiasm.
He showed them the 11 Table of the Sun" mentioned by Cambyses, and
took them to the prisons where the prisoners wore fetters of gold, so
that the Persians might be properly impressed.
Cambyses was very much impressed by the fact that gold was so
common that it was used in making the shackles of prisoners, and he
made war upon the black empire to get that gold, but miserably failed.
THE BEAUTIFUL BLACK QUEEN
We now come to the Queen Candace mentioned in the Acts of the
Apostles. The account there given is as follows (Chapter 8):
'' 26th verse. And the angel of the Lord spake unto Philip, saying,
arise and go toward the south unto the way that goeth down from Jeru¬
salem unto Gaza, which is desert.
86 ETHIOPIA, THE GREAT BLACK EMPIRE
'' 27th verse. And he arose and went: and behold, a man of Ethiopia,
an eunuch of great authority under Candace, queen of the Ethiopians,
who had charge of all her treasure, and had come to Jerusalem for to
worship."
This is all that relates to Queen Candace, but it transpires from
subsequent verses of the same chapter, that the treasurer of Queen
Candace was baptized and went on his way rejoicing.
One queen Candace of Ethiopia, was a famous black queen, tales of
whose prowess spread as far as Greece. It appears from the monu¬
ments, that the kingdom was ruled by successive queens each bearing
the name of Candace, which may account for the different descriptions
of her, some showing her as very beautiful, and some allowing her but
one eye with the disposition of a termagant.
These kings and queens, whose records have been deciphered, are
of comparatively recent years—not more than 2,500 or 3,000 years old.
It is expected that the results of the excavations of the older ruins will
be more interesting.
ETHIOPIANS FIRST LIVING MEN
To revert to Herodotus. This ancient historian was a great trav¬
eler, the first, perhaps, to visit the region of the blacks and their empire.
He says, somewhere in his history: '1 The Ethiopians were the first
men who ever lived."
There is more astounding evidence of the civilization of the black
men to be found in recent excavations.
Lying north of Egypt and a little southeast of Greece, in the Med¬
iterranean Sea, is the famous Island of Crete, or Candia, embracing
3,326 square miles, and at the present time it has a population of about
300,000 people all told.
This island was anciently regarded as the spot where Jove himself
was cradled, and it became the center or reservoir of the highest forms
of ancient civilization. All the ancient Greek and Roman gods had their
origin or birthplace on this island, and under the famed King Minos,
The Genius of Colored Americans in Liter¬
ature; The Arts and Sciences Inherited
From the Ancient Ethiopians
Read, Study, and Educate up to Opportunities—A High
Racial Type Appears in Modern Times—A Cause
for Pride and an Incentive to Action, Energy and
Efficiency.
Men of learning, wisdom, and honest, without prejudice, take the
standard of a race of men from his primitive type.
That type is sought for in the most excellent productions of the
race, their achievements and their position among civilized nations that
were the founders of our present civilization.
He who grovels in the worst human elements of any race, knows
nothing about that race, and opens the door to the degeneracy of all
the nations and races on earth, by advocating them as the evidences of
degeneracy.
Since the world began there have been good and bad elements
among the peoples that inhabited it, but the good elements alone have
survived, the bad or the evil has gone down into ruin. Nations that
sought to waylay and throttle progress for their own selfish ends, and
immoral purposes have been forced out into the world's Gehenna, and
in the garbage heap there are still rummaging many of the split races
of the earth, and many individuals bury themselves in its reek refusing
to emerge into the clear sunlight.
It is, as it always has been, the great, the high hope and aim of men
of intellect, and higher aspirations than the luxuries of life which kill
the soul, to lift the evil in mankind out of the category of civilization,
91
96 COLORED AMERICANS IN LITERATURE
Upon the authority of Heeren, already referred to, and upon their
own investigations, Dr. Glidden and Dr. Morton, who are quoted in
Scholes'1' Glimpses of the Ages,'' made an examination of the Egyptian
skulls, and gave it as their opinion that the Egyptians and the Ethi¬
opians never came from Asia, but were indigenous or aboriginal inhab¬
itants of the African Nile country, and were all of the "Negroid type.''
ANCIENT EGYPTIANS WERE NEGROES
Featherstone in his "Social History of the Races of Mankind," goes
still further, and confidently asserts that the ancient Egyptians were
of the Negro race.
"This," he adds, substantially, "is borne out on all the Egyptian
paintings, sculptures, and mummies; the hair found, as well as that pos¬
sessed by their descendants, the Copts, is the curly, or woolly variety,
and the lips and nose the same.
"The fact that the ancient Egyptians were Negroes three thousand
six hundred years before the Christian era is substantiated, and that
their population in Egypt at that period amounted to seven millions.''
Admitting all these things to be true, it may be asked: "Well,
what of it? What good will that do the Colored Americans!"
It has to do with Colored Americans as much as an ancient highly
civilized ancestry has to do with the modern Jews. They know that
their race is not extinct; that they are an integral part of the great
movement of all mankind toward a unification of mind and intelligence.
This fact burned into their minds must operate as an incentive of the
greatest propelling force to urge them onward toward the high destiny
that awaits all mankind.
That they are working out the plans of the Almighty by so doing,
puts them in the vanguard of civilization, with opportunities at hand
to avail themselves of all the advantages attached to such a high pur¬
pose. There is something to work for—something worth working for,
and when the Colored American takes this high view of his destiny, it
will be too small a thing to notice, even should he be denied the privi¬
lege of sitting beside a white man.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RACE IN
THE UNITED STATES
The Result of a Great Civilized Ancestry—Some of our Colored
Americans, Their Doings and Their Personality
The Colored Americans, as one of the great divisions of the human
family, with as proud an ancestry and as high a civilization as the Jews,
and co-eval with them in the point of cultured antiquity, are proving
themselves as progressive and, with the additions of modern culture,
civilization and progress, are building their race up to a high point of
excellence.
They have bridged the ages, so to speak, and are showing them¬
selves penetrated with the spirit of a civilizing evangelization, which
began in the Far East, nearly four thousand years ago.
They are carrying down to date, without losing by an intermission,
the great aims and purposes of the Ethiopian Candace and Sheba dy¬
nasties, under which were introduced the arts and sciences, sculpture
and painting into Egypt and Europe, refinement, literature, and wise
government.
They are demonstrating every day, that they are moving with the
great divisions of the human race, toward that high goal of unity that
is the evident purpose of God in creating man.
Under an enlightened political system, the few aggravations in the
local laws of which will soon disappear beneath the mighty onward
tread of the peoples of the earth, our Colored Americans are beginning
to realize their destiny, and are seizing the opportunities that present
themselves for their benefit, as for the benefit of a common destiny of
all men.
They are beginning to understand, and they are acting upon the
98
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RACE
101
between them, the Aryan, Semitic, Turanian, and Ethiopian. Into these
four divisions all the nations and peoples of the earth may be resolved.
It may be said that the Aryan consists of the white Tace; the Ethi¬
opian, or Hamitic of the dark race; the Semitic, the Jews, and the
Turanian, the yellow race, of which the Japanese are a mere branch of
a subdivision.
Each of these great divisions of the human family has its own part
to play in the great drama of the world's progress, and the elimination
of brute force or the physical as a negative element in progress, has
brought these grand divisions face to face with the problem of psychol¬
ogy, mind or soul. It is immaterial what it is called, it cannot be dis¬
regarded.
The conditions or environments that have hedged in these great
divisions have appeared to be similar in the world's history. The Jews
had their mighty empire. The Aryan developed into enormous power,
but broke into fragments. The Ethiopian possessed the initial civiliza¬
tion of the world, and the Turanian, evidenced by the Chinese, have still
a high position in the world.
Let us give a few details and then proceed to the progress of our
Colored Americans toward the fulfillment of the great design:
The Jews lost their physical empire to become a psychological
force. The Aryan became split into numerous branches which are now
existing and moving steadily forward toward the psychological. The
Turanians that controlled the Orient for ages by their physical prowess,
have become a great republic based upon the power of mind. The great
Ethiopian empire after leaving its impress upon the civilization of the
world, was transformed into the psychological progress of the other
members of the human family.
It will be perceived that all of them are drifting toward the same
point, and that each of them is employing all the advantages and de¬
vices of modern life to continue on the march toward that point, at
which all men shall be of one mind, one soul.
THE OVERGROUND RAILROAD
A Mighty Way to Progress—The Underground
Railroad a Thing of the Past
The old folks revel in stories about the 4'Underground Railroad."
They traveled over it, and we may admit that it took them to liberty.
We may even go farther than that, and say that it lifted from the shoul¬
ders of a great race, a weight that was crushing them down, and
brought them into the land of "Opportunity."
But all that is ancient history. What happened even yesterday is
old, and we are too busy today working to take advantage of the things
offered us today, and that will happen tomorrow, to dream about the
past.
We are all working to make things turn out to our advantage, and
the less we dwell about the past the closer we get to the golden fruit.
We are living in a practical age, and the man who does things
prospers, while the dreamer starves or gropes about at the bottom of
the ladder.
All men need things; want something done for them. It is good
business policy to supply the wants and to do the things everybody
wants done.
We mentioned the "Underground Railroad'' as something that
benefited the race; but we have its successor in the way of transporta¬
tion that is reaping profit from that benefit.
That successor is the "Overground Railroad." It is a system of
transportation such as the world has never seen or used.
You ask: "What is an 'Overground Railroad!'" Everybody can
answer, or thinks he can, so he says: "Why, it is a railroad that runs
over the land and transports passengers and freight." But the answer
108
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IN THE SERVICE OF GOD
A meeting of the officers of the various churches of all denominations.
UNITY IN RELIGION
Bishops and Officers of all the Negro Churches in America, all denominations. Conference at
Mobile, Alabama.
SEEKERS AFTER TRUTH
Graduating Class of the Bible Training School, Theological Department, Tuskegee Institute.
CHRISTIAN UNITY, FELLOWSHIP AND EDUCATION
Inter-Scholastic Young Men's Christian'Association Meeting, held at King's Mountain, N. C., May, 1913.
SONGS OF PRAISE
Vested Choir attending devotional services. Howard University, Washington, D. C.
REFINING AND CHRISTIAN INFLUENCE
The Reading Room in the Y. M. C. A., Washington, D. C. The young men are studious and
deeply interested in their educational and Christian work.
COLORED SISTERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY
The Holy Family Convent at New Orleans has eight Catholic Schools in Louisiana and two in Texas.
The students are taught Industrial Art, Embroidery, Music, etc., and become very efficient.
BRINGING THE BOYS TOGETHER FOR SELF-IMPROVEMENT
Social Settlement Workers teaching boys innocent games and interesting them in developing
their characters in order to make them useful citizens.
FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE RACE
The Fourth Annual Conference of The National Association for the advancement of Colored People,
at Chicago. In the group are, Jane Addams, Dr. DuBois, Bishop Lee, Dr. C. E. Bentley, and
many other well known men and women.
WORLD WIDE EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENT
International Conference on better education held at Tuskegee Tuly, 1912.
THE WORKERS OF A PRINTING AND PUBLISHING HOUSE
The A. M. E. Sunday School Publishing House, Nashville, Tennessee. An association which
spreads "Christian Teaching" broadcast and opens an avenue for the employment of
intelligent men and women of the race.
MYSTIC SHRINERS
A group of the Mystic Shrine, or Scottish Rite Officers, which includes many prominent in the Order.
KNIGHT TEMPLARS
The International Conference, Pittsburg, Pa. Malta Commandery No. 19, Knight Templars,
welcomed by the Young Men's Christian Association.
ODD FELLOWS ANNUAL BANQUET
In attendance are such national characters as Booker T. Washington, Ex-Register J. C. Napier,
Former Register J. D. Lyons, Ex-Recorder of Deeds Lincoln Johnson, the Local
Grand Master, and others equally well known.
THE RISING GENERATION
A group of intellectual students comprising the Senior Class, 1913, Tuskegee Institute.
THE OVERGROUND RAILROAD
109
does not hit the mark, for this particular Overground exercises a
mightier power; possesses a wider influence than the mere haulage of
passengers and freight.
It carries opportunity, activity, benefit, incentive, intelligence,
knowledge, and progress to every corner of this great land and into
every town, village, city, hamlet, even the cross-roads are reached.
It reaches every one of ten millions of a great race that less than
two decades ago were forbidden opportunity, and compelled to travel
over the "Underground Railroad.'' Now, everything belonging to the
great mass of mankind, or to which they are entitled or may aspire, is
parceled out with lavish hand to all who wish to take. The effort is
yours, the prize awarded you.
In round numbers there are about two hundred thousand miles of
railroads in the United States, spreading out in every direction from
ocean to ocean, and from Lake Superior to the Gulf of Mexico. Many
of them reach over into Mexico and Canada.
On the trains operated by these railroads, there are thousands of
Pullman cars, drawing-room and chair-cars. All of these cars are in
the charge of Colored Americans, the sum total of their number run¬
ning up into tens of thousands. These men are the posterity, the de¬
scendants of the passengers of the old "Underground Railroad.''
It is true philosophy that makes for education and wisdom, gives
polish, affords incentives to ambition and a leaning toward high ideals,
as well as offering opportunities—always bear in mind "Opportunity"
for that is what counts. Now imagine the bright men and women that
travel on these two hundred thousand miles of railroad. Imagine also,
our ten thousand men circulating among them; mixing with them; in
daily and hourly contact with them! Something must come of this
association, and something does come, which something is of incalcula¬
ble benefit.
The passengers on the Overground Railroad are men and women
from every part of the world. They are the successful people; the ex¬
perienced people, and the leaders of thought. They have taken oppor¬
tunity by the forelock and ridden it to the finish. Otherwise they would
not be able to travel.
THE TEACHER, DOCTOR, LAWYER,
CLERGYMAN—WHICH ARE
YOU FITTED FOR?
There are four professions, callings or vocations, which are justly
styled '1 learned professions," because they carry with them the highest
degree of intelligence, tact, and wisdom.
They are so common, however, in these modern times, that many of
their followers do not command the respect to which their calling is en¬
titled, and hence, the professions themselves have greatly fallen into
disrepute; particularly so when it comes to select one of them for a
life work.
Viewing the teacher, the doctor, the lawyer, and the clergyman from
the common standpoint, there is no money in the professions.
Here is where the trouble lies. To be a teacher, a doctor, a lawyer,
or a clergyman for the sake of what can be made out of either, is to in¬
sult the noblest professions in the world. They are what have kept the
world together since the beginning, and we should take our hats off to
them out of respect.
The lawyer's duty is to protect his client's civil rights and keep
society within the law.
The doctor preserves the health of his patients while they are about
their business, and the clergyman points out the way to a hereafter
that may mean our eternal weal or woe.
In the chapter on "Opportunities," we show that these professions
are within the reach of any one who possesses an aptitude and has the
brains to acquire proficiency.
As to brains, let it be understood that everybody possesses sufficient
brains for any avocation in life, but they must be properly fed or
123
THE MAN OF HOPE; THE MAN OF
DESPAIR; AND THE MAN
OF "DON'T CARE'
Optimism, Pessimism, Indifference
The people of the earth are made up generally of three classes: opti¬
mists, pessimists, indifferents.
The radical optimist floats in a balmy spring air on a rosy cloud,
stringing his banjo and singing lullabies to the gorgeously feathered
songsters that surround him.
The pessimist is like a fly with its wings stuck on fly paper, and be¬
moans his fate as that of every other fly.
The indifferent is a devil-may-care sort of a person who does not
care whether the sun shines, or whether it rains.
The extreme optimist is too happy to be of any use on earth; the
pessimist sends us all to perdition and is afraid to walk under a ladder
lest it fall on him, while the indifferent is of no use because he does not
take any interest in the things around him. He is usually a tramp, or
a free lunch fiend. He will offer to shovel the snow from your walks in
July, and gladly offer his services as a harvest hand in January.
Apart from indifference, which is the offspring of the other two,
optimism and pessimism, though extremes, meet among men, but pos¬
sess different working machinery. One is really the aid of the other.
The earth was created in an optimistic spirit. Of that there can be
no doubt in the mind of any man who believes in creation at all. But
by the extraordinary conduct of our first parents in the Garden of Eden,
this creation by the supreme Optimist, was changed into the most radi¬
cal of pessimistic ventures—judged from the human standpoint, of
course. We hear it from the most pious divines and it is probably cor¬
rect.
9—1, S 129
THE PLEASURES OF THE FLESH, and
the PLEASURES OF THE MIND
When a hungry man is seated before an appetizing meal, his month
waters in anticipation and he experiences the joys of anticipated satis¬
faction.
Every mouthful lingers on his palate with a delicious sensation and
when his hunger is satisfied, a feeling of intense comfort steals over
him. He is at peace with the world, and forgives his enemies. Any
favor you ask, if within his power to grant, will not be refused.
It is the same with a thirsty man. A delicious invigorating drink
—and there is none preferable to water—gurgles down his parched
throat and he smacks his lips with enjoyment.
All these matters together with other pleasurable sensations are
purely physical and passing. They must be renewed to be experienced,
and when the physical nature is out of order or does not respond, we
are in a very bad condition if we have nothing else to fall back upon.
Physical enjoyments are all sensual. The nerves thrill with excite¬
ment and the world looks good to us and mighty pleasant. A few flies
to pester us are mere details and not to be considered.
But we have another being separate and apart from the physical
body; something much finer and more elevated. A being that is of a
higher order of appreciation and more enduring.
Every man knows without being told, that is, he knows from his
own feelings and sensations, that he has a spiritual nature, a mental
body, a mind.
Now, this mental body, this mind, is far above the physical, and
its pleasures and sensations, and its delights are as far above the physi¬
cal sensations as the spirit or mind is above the flesh.
132
THE PLEASURE OF THE FLESH
133
Let us follow up this idea:
We said that a hungry man enjoys eating. This is true, but all
hungry men do not eat alike. Some men bolt their food to appease
hunger, and swill their drink to quench thirst. But others enjoy their
food and while satisfying hunger and thirst, gratify their taste and en¬
joy certain foods more than others. These others have what is called
"educated" appetites, which is a mental acquisition above the purely
animal sensation of satisfying hunger or thirst. It is an art to be culti¬
vated.
This is the point sought to be reached—education and learning.
If the pleasures of the flesh are so enjoyable, then the pleasures of
the mind are still more enjoyable, because the mind is more appreci¬
ative besides more enduring.
The food of the mind, the drink of the mind, means all the other
pleasures of the flesh resolved into the spiritual body through educa¬
tion and learning, and the more education, the more learning, the higher
the enjoyment.
A great lawyer once said: *i The pleasure of learning may be lik¬
ened to a bucket in a deep well of clear, cool water. It is easy to move
the bucket about if it is kept beneath the water, but when we attempt
to raise it above the surface, then comes a tug and a hard pull."
Whence he derived the conclusion that the deeper we plunge into the
clear, cool depths of education and learning the more pleasure there is
and the easier it is to remain there.
One of our poets says:
"Drink deep or taste not the Pierian spring.''
In these modern days every man must have some sort of an educa¬
tion, preferably that for the occupation or profession which he selects
for his life work.
If he goes in for a commercial business, then he must learn all about
the rules and laws governing his business or the branch of it he aspires
to learn. He must know all about the nature of the goods he purposes
to sell; the markets; the prices; the demand; the production; the con¬
sumption, and other matters connected with the business.
THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
The Laws of Nature Determine Who
Shall Live, and Who Shall Die
The theory of the survival of the fittest is agitating the world more
than ever before. But it has changed its significant title to what is
known now as "Eugenics," which means substantially "well born," or
good birth.
Briefly speaking, it is claimed that it is a law of nature that the
weakest shall go to the wall, and that the strongest shall survive. In
carrying out this doctrine, the ancient nations, Sparta, for example, put
to death all the weak and decrepit children, permitting only the strong
and well-shaped physically to live.
In our day, the scientists, or rather those who claim to be scientific,
advocate the same practice in a different but equally as effective a man¬
ner.
The doctrine of "selection," as it is termed, has been invented to
cover up the Spartan tragedy of murdering the helpless, and by it, it is
hoped our admitted degeneracy will be stopped.
I do not apply the term "degeneracy" to the Colored people, be¬
cause degeneracy works back to a type and not away from it in the
human family. The average Colored American is too near the pure
type of his race to be in a very deep degeneracy, but the word must be
applied to the mixed races of the Aryan, Caucasian, of whom it would
be vain to find a pure type except among the Georgians of Asia.
In explaining the doctrine of the survival of the fittest, or eugenics,
to give it its modern name, it is said that those who fail in life, fail be¬
cause they are not fitted to succeed, that is they are not "fit." This is
called a law of nature. It is purposed to overcome this law of nature,
136
THE VICTORY OF THE MAN
WHO DARES
This is the Era of the man who dares.
His opportunity has blossomed out of conditions unparalleled in the
history of nations.
Too many have been plodding along in a furrow afraid to come out
of the rut. They have lived, it is true, but they have not touched suc¬
cess. All animals live, but man has higher motives than mere existence.
Enterprise, business, commerce, capital, government demand a man
who dares. Many leaders have fallen beneath the spell of malignant
influence, and have dragged down into the pit with them, respect, hon¬
or, confidence, and honesty.
An army of men who dare is needed to drag up out of the pit and
into our every day lives, the respect, honor, confidence, and honesty,
groveling in the mud at the bottom, and the nationality, color, or race
makes no difference, they are needed among all classes.
The eyes of the world are turned toward the inscription, "I will,''
on the banner of the man who dares, as he hurdles across all obstacles
and brings back to its pedestal, virtue, that has been dragged away
into disreputable haunts.
His is the initiative; to him belong the rewards of efficiency.
The man who dares to venture out into new and undeveloped fields
fills the pages of history; his name is blazoned in heavy head-lines on
the front page of every newspaper and magazine. He does not have to
seek after fame, he is sought.
The man who dares is no rash, reckless fool who rushes in where
angels fear to tread.
"I dare do all that may become a man;
"Who dares do more is none."
140
"Who so wise, and will observe these things, even
they shall understand the loving kindness of the Lord."
— (Psalms CV, 11-A3.)
THE WISE MAN'S
PHILOSOPHY
A WORLD OF KNOWLEDGE
For Progressive Colored
Americans
"The wise in heart shall be called prudent: and
the sweetness of the lips increaseth learning."
— (Proverbs XVI, 21)
149
The Key to Success
Character; Education; Industry; Wealth.
These are the successive stages on the road to success, and they
follow in their regular order.
Character belongs to every man individually, and can not be
copied from another. It lies in the man; that is all anybody can
tell about it. Natural probity combined with insight into what
you are doing, your trade, business, occupation, etc., are the factors
that make up character. It is different from reputation, for a man
may have a bad reputation and still possess a good character. But
he can not have a bad character and possess a good reputation.
The power to succeed in business is character.
Education goes with character, and means more than learning
or mere knowing. It means capacity and ability to utilize what
you know. This is education.
You must not only know things but also know how to apply
your knowledge, otherwise you are as well off as if you knew nothing.
Industry means diligence in developing character and utilizing
education for all they are worth.
"The hand of the diligent maketh rich," says Solomon, the
wisest man that ever lived. He also says, "The diligent gaineth
favor.''
Wealth comes by the observance of the foregoing and certain
things which should be added. For instance:
To become industrious you must give yourself and your fellow
man a fair exchange for what you receive.
You must watch your intellectual, spiritual and worldly welfare.
Progressive Colored Americans must seek opportunity which
does not come of itself, and which has been denied them in the past.
You must make yourself, and follow high standards.
152
Start Right in Life
By Avoiding Foolish and Unnecessary
Extravagances
Economy tells us we must learn to do without many things we
would like, and forego all unnecessary luxuries, recreations and
pleasures which call for money.
We can be happy without these things and enjoy the forgotten
pleasures of home.
Cut down on rent, table, clothes, etc.
The burden of economy falls upon the women who do the
marketing, cooking and housework.
Let the men save on personal expenses. A woman can throw
out more at the back door than a man can bring in through the
front, but his billiards or pool, cigars and drinks soon devour the
pennies and dimes saved by the wife.
Do not buy what you do not need or that you can get along
without.
Do not make fun of pennies and dimes as unimportant. In¬
stead of saying, "It is only a penny," say "It is a whole penny."
Strive to learn economical buying. No one has enough money
to say that cost is of no account. Get the very best for your money.
Don't buy blindly without inquiring the price, and always remember
that a penny or a dime in your pocket is just as much at home as in
that of the merchant.
Do not ride when you can walk. You need exercise and walk¬
ing is the best and cheapest method, much cheaper and better than
the bowling alley.
Don't buy two pounds of meat when one pound will do; nor a
bushel when a peck is sufficient.
The first fruits and vegetables of the season are expensive; wait
a few days and they will be cheaper and more mature.
153
ESTABLISH A REPUTATION FOR
YOURSELF
To get along successfully in business, or in any other occupation,
for that matter, every man must establish a reputation for himself.
Indeed, reputation is the basis of credit; it is his first and best
capital with which to make a start in life.
Of course, the reputation meant is a good reputation, and not
one that is open to question.
A man may have a reputation as a fighter, a shrewd man, a
tricky man, a dishonest man, and so on, but these keep him back
in the life struggle, and even if he should succeed, as the wicked are
often said to do, his success will be only temporary.
It is the lasting reputation for honesty and fair dealing that
brings a man up to the standard of success.
Be true to your word, stand by your contracts even if you
should lose an advantage, for you will regain more than you lose by
your reputation.
A good reputation in small things means the acquirement of a
reputation in large things. You are always gaining.
It must be borne in mind constantly, however, that a reputation
is easily lost by a false step: "At every word a reputation dies."
Hence, having once gained a reputation for fairness, honesty, and
squareness, do not let any small advantage or chance of gain persuade
you to throw it away, for a reputation once lost will cost you years
of sorrow to regain. When you have lost the good opinion of your
fellow man, you may as well withdraw from their society for you will
be an object of suspicion ever after.
11—I, S 161
DON'T GO INTO PARTNERSHIP WITH
"THE DEVIL"
It may be true, as many contend, that every man has a per¬
sonal devil within him that goads him on to do the wrong things
at the right time. Any person who has that sort of a devil can
easily get rid of him by the use of a strong will and determination.
But outside of him, this "Devil" is quite an institution whose
great aim seems to be to monopolize you and everybody else. The
feature the displays is a willingness to go into partnership with
you in your undertakings.
He will make suggestions to you that sound plausible and
good, and his promises are lurid. But beware of him, he is work¬
ing for himself and not you. He is extremely selfish and will grab
all the profits, leaving you thrown out like an old shoe that is no
longer fit to wear.
A suggestion of wrong, of crooked work, of something that
will injure your fellow1 man, that will best him, and cause him to
lose money, character, friends, or honesty, comes from this outside
Devil who wants you for a partner.
In a partnership the partners are supposed to work together
for the common interest, but with the Devil as a partner you do
all the work and he takes the pot of gold.
If you are a sterling, upright man, and insist upon being so,
you may and probably will be tempted to go into partnership
with the Devil, but knowing him, you will flount his honied words
and stick to your uprightness. By and by he will leave you and
you will win your way and enjoy all the profits.
In baptism you renounce the world, the flesh and the Devil.
The world ruins you, the flesh overcomes you, and the Devil gets
you. This is the usual routine, so stand by your baptismal vows,
they are wise.
206
Man a fttatt (Sauta Miaiumt %
Nearer 2|e <8?ta Jo (£d&
St. Paul says: "Whether ye eat or drink, or whatsoever ye
do, do all to the glory of God."
There is a glory of man and a glory of God. The former is
transient, but the latter is eternal, and is what all men should aim
to see.
"All flesh is grass, and all the glory of man as the flower of
grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away."
It is plain to every right thinking and reasoning man that we
should seek that which is the best. We so act in all our business
affairs, and why should we not do the same so far as our immortal
souls are concerned?
The kingdom of God is His glory, and seeking that first, all
other things will come to you.
In striving to attain to a sight of the glory of God, we are
moving upward from every point of view. Compared with that
glory, the man who seeks only the glory of man, is satisfied with
tinsel instead of pure gold.
Do not imagine that because we are far away from the king¬
dom and glory of God, that it is not worth consideration. His
glory is visible everywhere. In the rising sun; the flowers and
plants; the winds and the rain; in the smallest animal, and particu¬
larly in man.
It can be cultivated, and imitated by using the intellect. The
more a man learns the nearer he gets to the glory of God, and the
better he will be prepared to finally reach it.
All men are moved and have their being in pursuance to a
law of God who created all things for His own glory. You are
intended to share in that glory, it is your heritage as a man.
211
The Devil's Work in the Home,
in Society, in Business, in Pol¬
itics, and in Every Walk
of Life
THE THIEF
Misrepresentation, Lying, Stealing — Reputation Gone — The
Soul Destroyed.
THE MURDERER
Temptation, Drunkenness, Murder—The Trial in Court, the
Sentence of the Prisoner, a Life Term in the Penitentiary, or
WORSE. After that ETERNAL DARKNESS.
THE SUICIDE
Dissipation, Gambling, Speculation With Other People's
Money—ALL IS LOST. Suicide.
THE PUBLIC PLUNDERER
Intimidation, Bulldozing, Brute Force, Vote Stealing, Ballot
Box Stuffing, Bribery, Malfeasance in Office, Embezzlement of Pub¬
lic Funds—Impeachment, Political Death, Moral Debauchery, Dis¬
grace—RUIN.
THE DESTROYER OF HOMES
Intemperance, Ignorance, Deception, Betrayal, Seduction,
Adultery, Abortion, Race Suicide, Desertion, Divorce—DEATH.
213
PART II.
LIFE LINES OF KNOWLEDGE
THE SECRETS OF HUMAN LIFE
OR
God's Beautiful Work Revealed
How One Life Influences Another—The Knowledge
that Leads to the Fountain of Eternal Youth
'Tis a wonderful plant in its varied growth and bloom—-this flower
that we call human life! To find its roots, that we may understand its
deeper mysteries, and how one life influences another—ah, what a taskl
It is a more audacious wresting of nature's secrets than Edison has yet
attempted; a more fascinating search than that for 4'the pot of gold at
the end of the rainbow," or the fountain of eternal youth, for in a sense
it includes both. It discloses treasures more valued than any hidden by
pirate or delved for by miner. It is a search worthy alike of the sage
philosopher, the earnest young student, the conscientious mother and
the little child; and of these, perhaps, the little child is wisest, because
nearest to nature's heart in its innocent, eager, and too often baffled
curiosity.
KNOWLEDGE A SAFEGUARD
A common error is that of confusing ignorance with innocence,
while in fact, the two are wholly different in their nature and results.
Ignorance is not the true heritage of any human being. The knowledge
that satisfies, uplifts and protects should be given to all. It is harmful
214
THE SECEETS OF HUMAN LIFE
215
beyond measure to make a dark, forbidding secret of what all should
learn, or to carelessly leave young people to acquire false and base
views of God's beautiful work.
If "the proper study of man¬
kind is man," then the youth¬
ful questioner's "How?" and
"Why?" should be answered;
and to answer wisely and well,
the world itself must seek
knowledge, and learn so to use
and impart it as to further a
pure and reverent self-develop-
ment.
jftgnrritt Ctxnrjtio,
KtJJb Ca*HfV»n
trjp Cardiac Pltzu
Superficial Cardiac flctus
Though man is more than
physical, yet in finding the
centers of a human life, we are
led first along the highway of
the great sympathetic nervous
system, which, whether we
wake or sleep, continuously
performs its marvelous func¬
tions of controlling nutrition,
respiration, the circulation of
the blood, and all the various
vital processes. In this we find1
four great power-houses, so to
speak; points from which vi- tu"''u
tality is sent forth in all di¬
rections. SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA AND NERVES
THE BRAIN— MALE AND FEMALE
The first great center, the brain, has been well called the guardian
and at the same time the servant of the mind; and through the mind
Jlyjt*gastric
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PROFESSION OF DENTAL SURGERY
Students practicing in the Dental Infirmary, prior to taking their degree. Howard University,
"Washington, D. C,
ACCURACY OF MIND AND HAND
Drafting Class of young men receiving a course in mechanical drawing, qualifying them for
making working plans of machinery, vehicles, buildings, etc. Hampton Institute.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FOR WOMEN
Developing talent and taste in the art of millinery, an industry for women. A class at
Spellmans Seminary, Atlanta, Ga.
UNIVERSITY GIRLS
A class of ornamental workers at Wiley University, Texas.
LEARNING TO BE HOME MAKERS
A cooking class, canning fruit at Hampton Institute. The girls are learning the art of becoming
good housewives.
AN ARTISTIC AND USEFUL VOCATION
A class receiving- instructions in the art of dressmaking" in the training- school at Hampton Institute.
LEARNING INDUSTRY AND THRIFT
Dressmaking in the Spellman Seminary, Atlanta, Georgia. The young women are fast
becoming experts in their work.
FUTURE HOME MAKERS
The science of poultry dressing as taught at Hampton Institute.
A MODERN SANITARY DAIRY
Agricultural students receiving their training in milking at the dairy farm of Hampton Institute.
MODERN SURGERY
Dr. W. A. Warfield, Negro surgeon, operating. Freedmen's Hospital, Washington, D. C.
OPERATING ROOM—LATEST EQUIPMENT
Douglass Hospital Philadelphia, Pa.
NURSING THE LITTLE ONES BACK TO HEALTH
Children's Ward L., Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training- School, Philadelphia.
"Suffer Little Children to Come Unto Me, for Such is the Kingdom of Heaven."
MINISTERING TO THE SICK
Private ward with trained nurse in attendance. Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and
Training School, Philadelphia, Pa,
STUDENTS IN THE ART OF HEALING
A class of trained nurses preparing for their life's work. Tuskegee Institute,
I
NURSES' TRAINING SCHOOL
A class of nurses at study. Frederick Doug-lass Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.
220
THE SECRETS OF HUMAN LIFE
brain would render sleep impossible. Activity of the mind greatly
influences this matter of cerebral circulation. Hence it is easy to see
why prolonged worry or study, by retaining cr increasing the blood-
supply, will cause insomnia; also why, if through sickness, monotonous
PHRENOLOGICAL CHART
of the Human Brain
work or other conditions, the supply of the blood to the brain is greatly
lessened, the brain functions will not be carried on properly in the
waking state; memory, concentration, the voluntary mind, the will and
the senses become feeble; the brain partially loses control of the nervous
system, and "nervousness" is the result. At such a time the mental
THE SECRETS OF HUMAN LIFE
225
LINK BETWEEN BODY AND SOUL
The solar plexus is in one sense the link between the body and
the soul. It is in location at the great center of the sympathetic
nervous system, and closely connected with important organs and
vital processes throughout the entire body. In its relations with the
brain, its state of health has a marked effect on the will. Fright, or
sudden, despairing grief, is felt in this region even more readily than
near the heart. Such an emotion causes the ''sinking feeling at the
pit of the stomach" above referred to; and the same sensation only
in a less violent degree, becomes chronic in a person who is in the
habit of continually depreciating himself or his neighbors—particu¬
larly himself. No man can succeed in business, no woman in effec¬
tively managing her love affairs or her household, if the solar plexus
be weak and unreliable. It must and can be made strong. When this
strengthening process is completed, the result is the thoroughly awake,
alive, magnetic, successful person whose very presence is a delight
to all; whose 1 'feelings'' are never hurt, and who is never "out of
sorts"; who is so busy doing wise, merry, clever, kind things that
there seems never any chance for mistakes or worries; who comes into
a room or a group of people like a sunbeam and leaves all refreshed and
invigorated as by an ocean breeze.
The reason such a person is not receptive to injuries and '' slights''
and can accomplish more than others is simply that he has a well de¬
veloped solar plexus. And this brings us to the other question,1' How ?''
HOW TO DEVELOP THE SOLAR PLEXUS
By frequent, regular, deep breathing of pure air and sunshine, so
as to increase the blood-supply to that part of the system; by chasing
away all despondent or disagreeable thoughts—like the burglars that
they are—with a swiftness that will astonish them; and by a liberal
use, either mentally or aloud, of the words "I can and I will," fol¬
lowed by acting as if you really believed and enjoyed them. That is
15—L S
A SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE
True Love, Courtship and Marriage the Key
to a Happy Domestic Life
Once, tradition says, there was a Golden Age, It is past, but a Dia¬
mond Age is to come. In fact, who knows but it is already dawning?
The Diamond Age, in all its glory, will be upon us when we can
regard each individual human life as a priceless, sparkling gem, to be
sought for its perfections and treasured above all else because of its
physical, mental and moral brilliance and purity. Perfect men and
women are indeed the diamonds of the race.
The first step towards populating the earth with perfect men and
women must be in the proper mating of the male and the female, out
of which union will arise the representatives of the next generation.
In order to have a race of human beings mentally and morally perfect
they must also be made physically so; for who can bring a clean thing
out of an unclean? and how can a perfect mental and moral being be
produced except there be a perfect physical body through which such
a being may act?
DEVELOPMENT, ATTRACTION AND CREATION
The sex-element, as already explained, is the creative principle
found in all nature; the masculine and feminine attributes forming the
constituent parts of life. Applying to each quality of the mind, each
propensity, feeling, faculty and sentiment of the soul; to every expres¬
sion of life in the whole realm of nature, is this union and co-operation
of masculine and feminine principles. Every new thought born in the
231
A SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE
233
need of the other, except in so far as the normal social nature called for
companionship. With the deepening of the voice and the hardening and
expansion of the masculine muscles, with the swelling of the feminine
breast and the rounding of every outline, with all that these changes
imply, there comes a marked difference in the bearing of the sexes to¬
ward each other.
THE ATTRACTIVE POWER OF SEX
The second function of this wonderful sex-nature is now becoming
dominant. The once bold boy, in spite of himself, shows a strange
timidity when in the presence of the girl, although he feels irresistibly
drawn towards her. When in his presence the girl's eyes brighten, and
she may lose to a great extent those withdrawing, shrinking ways which
were hers in earlier girlhood. For some years she may even become
the aggressor, and her nature in this respect, becomes masculine. If
she does not retain, at the same time, those distinctive feminine traits
of vivacious delicacy and charming strategy, those little arts which un¬
consciously but irresistibly draw the boy toward her, those who have
the girl in charge should look after her welfare. In fact, at this period,
when each discovers with such uneasiness that the other is in some way
a supplementary being, too much care cannot be given to either—care
to ascertain whether they are developing into normal or abnormal men
and women.
It is undoubtedly true, as asserted by an eminent medical authority,
that 1 'the appetite which brings the sexes together is founded upon
peculiar secretions periodically arising after puberty and creating an
uneasiness until discharged or absorbed.'' It is also true that besides
this physiological reason, both male and female natures begin at this
time, with their changed constitutions, to demand a certain stimulus of
body, mind and entire being, which can be obtained only by association
with the opposite sex. This is a fundamental principle so generally
recognized by physiology and mental science that the boy and girl de¬
veloping into manhood and womanhood should be especially advised
in regard to their relations to each other.
CUPID'S CONQUEST
Love the Very Heart of Poetry—''The Spirit and Spring of the
Universe'*—A Sweet Love Poem—Courtship a Universal
Intuition—Safeguards of the Mating Period—Girls, Con¬
fide in Your Mothers!—Cultivating New Graces for the
"Other's" Sake—Marrying for Money an Insult to Nature
—Dollars Not the Test—Know How to be Breadwinners—
The Best Time to Marry.
Nature's pencil never lingers so daintily and tenderly in any of
her other pictures as in that of the mating-time. It is as natural to
love and to marry as it is to breathe. And "when a man's in love"
how the very rocks and clouds take on the aspect of the loved one's
features!
George Brimley says: 11 Only conceive the passion of love blotted
out from the pages of our great poets—from Chaucer, from Spencer,
from Shakespeare, from Milton; what a sky without its sun would
remain, what an earth without its verdure, its streams, and its flow¬
ers I" And Helen Oldfield forcibly adds: "What would become of
'Borneo and Juliet,* of the 'Midsummer Night's Dream'! What of
the 'Faerie Queene,' of Shelley's songs, of Keats' 'Endymion,' of
Coleridge's 'Genevieve,' of Longfellow's 'Evangeline,' of Tennyson's
'Idylls'? Something, no doubt, would be left of their beauty and
sweetness, something to attract in the grand thoughts, the vivid natu¬
ral descriptions; but even these would lack a charm which insensibly
mingles with and enhances them now. Here and there some short
lyric would hold its own, especially if wedded to fine music, but the
bulk of poetry would be consigned to oblivion. By the light of love
243
THE HONEYMOON
THE HONEYMOON SPIRIT FOR LIFE—THE FIRST WEDDED PRIVACY-THE
MAIDEN WIFE'S EMBARRASSMENT-THE HUSBAND'S BEST POLICY
—LOVE'S GREATEST PRIVILEGE—ALLOW NO CRITICISMS
BY OUTSIDERS—HOW TO AVOID DISCORD-
MUTUAL AND PERPETUAL GIVERS
There was a custom in Bible times of excusing every young husband
from war or public service during the first married year. He was to
"stay at home" and 1'comfort his wife.'' What a happy idea! If this
custom of extending the honeymoon for a year could be modernized,
it would be a great improvement on the present method. But better
still is the plan, within reach of all, of continuing the spirit of the honey¬
moon throughout the entire wedded life. As the shoals and quicksands
are reached—and they are likely, indeed, to throng the first year of the
marital voyage—they can be avoided and even turned to good account,
with patience at the helm. They are inherent in the differing constitu¬
tions, educations, associations and views; yet if rightly met, will not
long have the power to chafe, and may even be of mutual benefit.
Love's magic turns the very stones into flowers.
Let the newly married couple take a holiday, the longer the better,
and enjoy together the beauties of Nature, and all that they can com¬
mand of the treasures of art, music and literature; let them read to¬
gether, and discuss what they read. Through the activity of the in¬
tellect the other faculties are developed and harmonized, and the af¬
fections cemented; and the long lovers' rides, walks, and talks thus
store up treasures, not only in the memory, but in health and happi¬
ness, welding the two lives more perfectly into one harmonious whole.
Perfect freedom from business and all other cares is required for
252
WHAT MARRIAGE INVOLVES
The Hope of the Race—The Foundation of Life—Artistic Weaving
of Ideal into Commonplace—Exclude Meddlers and Critics—
No Striving to Rule—Love's Enthusiasm Supplies Lack of
Training—Co-operation of Both in Home Problems—Establish
a Home of Your Own—The Pedestal of Absolute Truthfulness
—The Love that Grows—Purity Love's Preservative—Growing
Harmony for Love's Sake—Hope for All.
Strongest, most intimate, most enduring in the world is the relation
of husband and wife. It is the hope of the race; the source of all other
relations, and at the foundations of life itself. More tender than the
tie between brother and sister; before even that of parent and child is
this holiest of all bonds, completing all that is incomplete in man or
woman, and inciting to a higher moral development.
To the rightly mated, many of the most disappointing experiences
of married life will seem as a dream, a something distant and impos¬
sible—belonging to less fortunate lives, but not to theirs. Happy in¬
deed are such willing captives of Cupid! Wisdom and Love are safe
and gentle guides to the entrance to the new home. Yet on the thresh¬
old, as the serious tasks of life are assumed, even the happiest will find
problems. To help in their solution let us consider a few of those most
frequently arising.
ESTABLISHING THE HOME
Life and its chief inspiration, love, are made up of the blending of
two elements—the spiritual and the physical. The spiritual glorifies,
while the physical sustains. In establishing family life, the rosy dreams
of courtship and the honeymoon must have, not a rude, but a healthy
awakening; for such prosaic questions as those of food, shelter and
258
PERSONAL PURITY
Special Warning to Boys and Girls
Everything good and beautiful can be misused; and great suffering
is the result. It is so terrible and unfortunate when boys or girls have
once formed the habit of misusing the bodies God has given them, and
such a happy and fortunate thing when they are early led to respect
and treat these bodies rightly, that I cannot let my book go before the
public without containing a warning that not only the older people, but
the children themselves can understand, whenever this book shall meet
their eyes.
It is not wrong to want to know about the many curious and won¬
derful works of God; and the human body is the most wonderful of
all. But, do you know, my boy, my girl, that no one can tell you quite
so many interesting facts about it as mother can 1 A wise, kind mother
is the best friend of all. Take your questions to her, in the very first
place, no matter what they are; and I think she will either answer them
herself, or place in your hands one of the many books written on pur¬
pose for such a time, that will tell you all about it.
THE FIRST QUESTION
She may first tell you this beautiful truth, if you have not already
learned it from her; that all life comes from a tiny seed; that before
you were born you were growing, just as the seed grows in the ground,
or as the bird grows within the egg; that God so planned for your com¬
ing that He placed a sheltered nest for you within your mother's body,
and there, like a fledgling with folded wings, soft-brooded in her very
bosom, lulled by her loving heart-beats, you slept and grew, till from a
269
The Influence of the Planets on
Human Life
How to Read Your Own Nature and Work Out
Your Destiny—An Answer to the important
Questionss How Should i Plan My Life?—In
What Way Am I Gifted?—What Has Nature
Intended Me For?
Our schools and colleges teach many things that it is useful and
pleasant to know, but in the most important science of all they teach
only the rudiments. In fact, many of them altogether neglect the only
branch of education that could possibly help our young people to un¬
derstand their own individual powers and possibilities.
This chapter is to help those who wish to make the most of their
individual lives through a clearer understanding of themselves than
school has been able to give them. Of course, it would be impossible
to teach a whole science in a single chapter; but I can at least give
such a condensed outline of the facts as will throw some gleams of
light on paths now lying in the shadow of doubt and perplexity, and
will enable more than one earnest, aspiring soul to reach out to some¬
thing nobler and far more satisfying than self-indulgence.
God's universe is more closely knit together than we think. We
know that the existence of plant and animal life is dependent upon the
sun; that the moon has a strong and methodical influence on the ocean's
tides; that the various groups of planets have laws that govern their
movements, quite as strictly enforced as our law of gravitation. Is
there anything very surprising in the fact that these forces of nature
have a definite and close relationship with the natures of human beings,
276
278
INFLUENCE OF THE PLANETS UPON LIFE
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PLANETS UPON HUMAN LIFE
There are twelve types of human beings, each corresponding to a
certain "sign" as it is called, of the zodiac. Yon may search the world
over, and though you will find many races and varying temperaments,
each person comes under some one of these twelve types. Before I
name these types it is well to state that three of them belong to what
is called the Fire Triplicity; three to Air, three to Earth, and three to
Water. Thus each of the four elements has its share, as well as the
seasons, heredity, pre-natal influence and the planets, in determining
the peculiarities of every person born.
From March 21 to April 19 is the period classed as the head sign
of the Fire Triplicity, and the name of this sign is Aries. The govern¬
ing planets are Mars and Neptune. Persons born at this time of year
are usually very earnest and determined, and are natural leaders. They
are noble, generous, magnetic, progressive, and have strong intuition.
They are good scholars, and as they are genial and witty in conver¬
sation, and never at a loss to provide entertainment, they are apt to be
social favorites. Their sympathies and affections are as quick as their
wills are strong; they are often the best of comforters to those in trou¬
ble, and are apt to make excellent teachers. Many fine descriptive
writers, novelists and poets are found in this sign.
If not permitted to work in their own way the Aries people are
apt to become confused and to lose interest in the subject. They are
changeable, impetuous, quick-tempered and resent being told of their
faults. They will die fighting for a friend or for a principle, but will
not yield a point until obliged to. They are good at planning, have
excellent taste and judgment, but do not like details, such as long seams
or the finishing-off or filling-in portions of their work. They are gen¬
erous givers, but inordinately selfish as to their life plans, and are apt
to talk too much of themselves. They are noted for what would be
called lost opportunities.
An Aries person will find it of benefit to practice silence, be alone
for some time each day, restrain his desire to govern, consult the com-
THE SCIENCE OF PALMISTRY
How to Tell Your Own Fortune as Well as that of Others— The Hand as
an Index of Character—Its Lines Record the Joys, Sorrows and the
Deepest Experiences of Life—The Science of Palmistry as Old as the
World—Mentioned in the Bible that the Hands May Be Read—Palm¬
istry Is a Purely Scientific Study and Not a Superstition,
Ever since the world was created the hand of man has been given a
significance special and apart from every other portion of the body.
It has always possessed a well defined meaning, for we read of the
"hand" as representing power, influence, greatness, and so on. "God
holds the measured waters in his hand"; "Let not thine hand be
slack"; "Do whatsoever thy hand findeth to do," etc.
"We read in Job 37, 7: "God has placed signs in the hands of men
that their works may be known." And Moses says: "The law of the
Lord shall be written in thy countenance and in thy hand."
The hand represents an individuality which may be distinguished
from the hand of every other man. Modern science by thousands of
tests, has proved that the marks on every man's thumbs are different,
and that the thumb marks of a man will identify him whatever dis¬
guise he may adopt to alter his appearance.
Many of the ancient philosophers, with Aristotle at their head, de¬
clared: "The lines in the palm of the hand are not written without
cause, and they come from the influence of each man's individuality."
It is a physiological fact that there are about three hundred differ¬
ent bundles of nerves in the palm of the hand, all of which are in direct
communication with the brain, and this gives to the human hand an
appreciable sensitiveness.
It is also a fact, that the less active the mind, the fewer the lines
294
THE SCIENCE OF PALMISTRY
295
HOW TO READ CHARACTER
The Head as an Index of Peculiar Traits—The Most Profitable
Study in the World—The Ability to Read Men Is to
Know Human Nature—The Object of Phrenology is to
Help Men to Understand Themselves and Improve Their
Minds.
The most delightful as well as instructive reading in the world
is the reading of character. It is stirring in interest and of the greatest
practical value. It is the Study of human nature which is much more
instructive than the study of the natural history of birds, fish and other
animals.
It is human nature that sways the world and upon which all of
us depend for advancement, education, and the means of earning a
livelihood.
We can not study a man's character from within his mind and
brain, but must do so from the outside. The real part of a man whose
character we are anxious to study is his head, his hands; all the rest
of him is concealed from our eyes, but in the head and the hands we
have the entire man, for it is in those portions of his body that his
intelligence shines through, or the surface shows what is hidden within
him.
It was Moses who said that the laws of God are printed on the
face and hands of every man, and as to the reading of the hand, that
is explained in another chapter. We now come to the countenance, or
face, and the head.
To all appearances all heads are alike, with just a few differences
in size and shape. It is just this size and shape that makes all the
difference, and enables us to read character in the head, or face. If
302
HYPNOTISM, ANIMAL MAGNETISM, MIND
READING, FORTUNE TELLING
A MIXTURE OF TRUTH AND SUPERSTITION-HOW THE WEAK AND
CREDULOUS ARE DECEIVED AND CHEATED—THE VEIL OF MYSTERY
WITHDRAWN-SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION-MENTAL COMMUNICA¬
TIONS BETWEEN PERSONS FAR APART-THE MEANING OF DREAMS
AND THEIR CAUSES-WHY THE STARS DO NOT CONTROL ACTIONS
OF MEN.
To begin an explanation of the numerous surprising things that
happen to men, and to which something mysterious or supernatural is
attributed, we must first understand the principles that govern nature.
When a man makes a few passes before the eyes of another, with
his hands and puts that person to sleep; if he manipulates his head with
a few downward motions of his hands and makes him do what he does
not want to do; if a man takes you by the hand and looking into your
eyes steadily for a moment, and then tells you what you are thinking
about; if you go to a fortune teller and he tells you where to find a
beautiful wife or a gold mine; if you do not cross your fingers when
you see a black cat you will have bad luck; if you dream of the ace of
hearts and win at craps; if you have a certain number fixed in your
mind and win in a lottery; if you wake up suddenly at night and see
your friend in Jericho, and get a letter saying he died at that moment,
or if all sorts of things happen you by reason of your seeing the new
moon over your left shoulder, the only way you can avoid trouble is to
eat a dish of tripe, and so on, the trouble is all caused by, and all the
309
HYPNOTISM, FORTUNE TELLING, ETC. 311
men dream, the sympathetic nerves are acting independently of the
nerves which are controlled by the wide awake will, and they affect
the unopposing brain by creating all sorts of images. There are about
three thousand millions of cells in the human brain, and these cells are
intended to hold ideas, thoughts, impressions, pictures, etc. Every
thing that can be heard, seen, felt, tasted, or imagined finds a lodg¬
ment in some cell.
DREAMS AND NIGHTMARE.
All the nerves act upon these cell contents, the real nerves as well
as the sympathetic nerves. To make this clear, imagine a very common
occurrence which everybody has experienced: You eat a hearty meal
of heavy food and top it off with mince pie, or a quantity of cheese.
During the night you have a fearful'4nightmare,'' and dream about all
sorts of dreadful things. You are gored by a wild bull; you are chased
by savages; you fall off a steep precipice or down a deep well. The
dream is so real that you awake in fright and find that you are covered
with a cold perspiration.
You do not see anything mysterious about this dream, because you
know what caused it. It was the mince pie or the cheese. It is easily
explained by attributing it to the sympathetic nerves of the stomach
which try to digest the heavy food, and in their struggles they reach
up into the brain cells and affect their contents—mixing them up, so to
speak—producing a jumble that would not happen if you were awake
and could control the workings of your brain.
The same reason may be given in cases of delirium, when the nerves
that keep your body in a healthy balance are thrown out of gear and
overpower your real nerves thus causing confusion. Everything, you
will perceive; comes back to the brain, even if it is a corn on the toe,
or the hives in hot weather. You are thrown out of the perpendicular
as it were, and can not always get back again immediately. It is the
same with crazy persons, they have lost the use of their real will nerves
and the sympathetic nerves have got control of their brain. Reason flies
THE HOME IS GOD'S TRAINING
SCHOOL
The Mother's World of Knowledge—The Care and Man¬
agement of Children—Instructions on How to Train
Your Sons and Daughters for the Responsible Duties
of Life and the Duties Also of Children to Their
Parents.
MOTHER
"The mother in her office, holds the key
Of the soul; and she it is who stamps the coin
Of character, and makes the being who would be a savage
But for her gentle cares, a Christian mam
Then crown her queen of the world."
Mother: "What other word awakens such tender emotions within
our breasts ? What other word has such power over the strong and the
weak alike ? What other word carries with it such a world of memor¬
ies, ideality, love? Mother, whoever and wherever you are, do you
know that you are the strongest, most convincing and most beloved
personality in the world? Do you know that in your hands lies the
vitality of the race, the strength of the nation, and the success of the
commercial and social life of the land ? You stand back appalled. You
cannot believe it. You had never thought yourself of so much im¬
portance. You did not know the world had its eyes on you hopefully
and fearfully. You thought the walls of your home shut you in, that
it was simple duty to keep the house, rear the children—Stop! That
is it—rearing the children, the great and wonderful mission of the noble
woman's life. On that depends the welfare of the state. Your sturdy
little boy, sitting placidly by your side, may be one of the builders of
317
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| The Story of a Rising |
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Special
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MUSIC
THE DRAMA
SOCIAL LIFE
D f PHYSICAL CULTURE
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BELLES OF THE BALL
Basket Ball Team, Normal School, No. 2, Washington, D. C.
FINE SPECIMENS—PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Hampton Institute Champions of 1912, showing a strong team of the Colored boys and their
Indian fellow students.
TRAINED ATHLETES
Tuskegee Base Ball Team skilled in the art of the great national game.
RELIGIOUS TRAINING AND PHYSICAL CULTURE
An evidence of the remarkable advancement of members of the Young Men's Christian
Association in the development of mind and body.
THE "HOWARD THEATRE," WASHINGTON, D. C.
This magnificent theatre is owned and operated by Colored citizens. The beautiful and artistic
effect of the interior is an inspiration.
TALENTED DRAMATIC PERFORMERS
The performance of the noted Shakespearian comedy "A Midsummer Night's Dream."
Evidence ofthe dramatic art now being developed by the best talent of the race.
THE SOCIAL SIDE OF LIFE
The Baltimore Assembly, a social gathering of distinguished Colored citizens.
MASTERS OF MELODY
"The Washington Trio," noted for harmony and rhythm in the rendering of musical composition,
CO-EDUCATIONAL DRILL
The March to Dinner on Anniversary Day of students at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural
Institute. The boys are lined up and the girls march throught between the ranks.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS
Commencement Day Exercises, 1912. Howard University, Washington, D. C.
MUSIC HATH CHARMS
Glee Club and Orchestra, Tuskegee Institute.
THE BOYS IN UNIFORM
A splendid company of cadets who show in their appearance and deportment the careful
training received at Tuskegee Institute.
RESULTS OF MILITARY TRAINING
Company G, Tuskegee Institute, showing a group of well disciplined young men who have
received military training as part of their education.
A MILITARY DRILL
The Winning Company at the M Street High School. Washington, D, C,
PLEASURE AND WORK COMBINED
The pleasure derived by the musical ear exceeds the work and practice required to become a
skilled musician.
320
THE HOME, GOD'S TRAINING SCHOOL
for itself. The young colt or calf can stand on its wabbly legs the first
day or so and soon learns to care for itself.
Not so with the human child who, intended for a longer life, more
mental and spiritual, is naturally of slower development and practically
helpless for nearly the first three years of its life.
Do you know how wonderfully God has made your child I
Are you aware of the functions performed by the different organs ?
Do you know by what process the food is digested in its little
stomach ?
Do you know how the blood is pumped through its little heart?
How the air is filtered through the lungs ?
Do you understand how poisons are thrown off through the millions
of little pores in the skin?
The work of the kidneys T
The action of the liver?
The construction and expansion of it's muscles'?
What do you know of its nervous system, that can so easily cause
the child to cry or laugh or sleep, etc., etc.?
These are only a few simple and quite ordinary questions but there
are many more.
If a friend gave you an ordinary present you would examine it
carefully to see how it was made and would give it close inspection,
would you not?
A HUMAN SOUL
God has given you the greatest gift in the world, a child; He has
placed in your keeping not only a human body, but A HUMAN SOUL!
It is a sacred trust to be sacredly fulfilled, and the thought of this
trust brings comfort to the mother,—to be of such value to the world.
As a mother, you attain your highest rank—the maker of mankind.
All progress of the human race toward better living; all moral and
refining agencies have depended upon the mothers of humanity. She it
is, through her suffering, her constant self-denials and her privations,
THE TRAINING OF CHILDREN
The Child an Imitator
Imitation is the basis of all education; it is instruction through
action. Especially so is this in the case of young children. The tiny
infant lying so snugly within his mother's arms, knows nothing of the
"why and wherefore" of this world. It is content, and as long as its
physical wants are looked after, it matters not. Toward the ending
of the first year it begins to take notice, and we see the fond mother
teaching her darling to shake bye-bye, play pat-a-cake, and to throw
a kiss from his tiny fingers. All these gestures are mere imitations
of what he sees. He hasn't the slightest idea of the meaning of it all.
Later the infant will imitate the noise of the "bow-wow," the "moo-
cow" and he will do his best to "mew" like a cat. These, too, are
imitations of what he hears and are of importance in its development.
An interesting story is told of a young mother who took great
pains to teach her first little one to lisp "Da-Da" at the approach of
its father. The mother succeeded admirably and the fond father never
got tired of hearing his little one utter this new name of his. What
was their utter dismay when one day a despicable looking tramp came
to the door and the little one insisted in holding out its arms to him
and fondly calling him "Da-Da." We can easily see that the early
knowledge of a child is an imitation of what he sees and hears and you,
watchful mother, must always keep the watchwords, "what he sees"
and "what he hears" ever before you, and let it be the keynote of all
early training.
It is always interesting to watch children at play; more so when
they are playing "house" or some other amusement relative to home
life. Have you not noticed how the little girl will assume the manner
335
DUTIES OF CHILDREN TO THEIR
PARENTS
CHILDREN SHOULD SHARE IN DUTIES
Let the children share in the duties of the home. Even while very
young there are many steps that a child may save the mother. Let
them do the little things, such as bringing mother's work basket or
having something ready for father's comfort when he comes home
from the day's work and care. Gradually, as they grow, let the tasks
gently shift over to the young shoulders. It results by so doing in the
mother always finding time to be the companion of her husband and
children—and that they will appreciate.
The prospective and nursing mother should receive especial con¬
sideration. It should be known and recognized that her requirements
for wholesome food, and above all wholesome surroundings, are neces¬
sary for the normal development of her child and for her own physical
safety. How can she,—perhaps already a mother of several children,
have the needed rest and time to read or walk in the fresh air, unless
the family co-operate with her? It is so easy for the husband to direct
the children at these times and at all times, as to the care the mother
is deserving. We know a gentleman who, as a judge, has never had his
opinion on legal questions reversed, would commonly, after dinner,
when there was no help in the house, lead his wife to an easy chair,
affectionately express his and the family's appreciation of the fine din¬
ner that they had all enjoyed and turning to their son, would say:
"Come, son, we must wash the dishes; we would not be very appre¬
ciative were we to permit mother to work longer today.'' Some would
say that such work is not in keeping with his august position. Be that
as it may, one fact remains: He has taught his children to care for
their mother in such a way that there will never arise any questions as
to her position or her rights.
359
THE WAY TO PERFECT HEALTH
The Human Body and How it is Made—How to Take Care of
Yourself—Rules for a Long and Happy Life
General Information
If the question were generally asked,11 What is the most important
factor in the happiness of mankind?" spiritual matters not to be con¬
sidered in the query, it is safe to say that a tremendous majority of
all the intelligent people of the world would reply, '4Health.''
Indeed, almost all the other conditions of real importance in life
depend more or less on health, and with health as a possession almost
all misfortunes can be overcome or borne with patience. Wealth, for
instance, is of very little consequence in comparison with health.
Without the latter there can be little real enjoyment of the former.
Without wealth, however, health can assure true happiness, and it is,
indeed, one of the most serviceable factors in enabling one to add
wealth to his possessions.
With these facts clearly recognized as they are, it is not strange
that intelligent men and women more and more give their attention to
the welfare of their bodies. In the most highly civilized countries the
advance of scientific surgery and discoveries in medicine are hailed
with the greatest applause. In such countries the subjects of sanita¬
tion and hygiene are given the closest attention, not only by students
and scientists, but by every thoughtful individual. It is being recog¬
nized that there is no great and impressive mystery about our physical
natures by virtue of which we escape responsibility for guarding our
own health in every reasonable way. The thing to do is to keep well
if we possibly can, and when we fail, give the best attention possible
to repairing the damage.
366
COMMON SENSE IN THE SICK
ROOM
Ventilation, Light, Temperature and Furnishings—Care
of the Patient—His Temperature and Pulse—Bed
Sores—The Characteristics of Fever—Simple House¬
hold Remedies—What to Put in a Remedy Cupboard
—How to Keep the Baby Well
To every living person air must be furnished every moment if life
is to be preserved. The vital element of the air is oxygen gas, the life-
giving medium, and this is diluted with nitrogen, because the oxygen
itself, breathed alone, would be too stimulating for our lungs. In the
delicate cells of the lungs the air we have inhaled gives up its oxygen
to the blood, thus purifying it, and receives in turn carbonic acid gas
and water, foul with waste matter, which the blood has absorbed dur¬
ing its passage through the body and which we now exhale. The blood
is red when it leaves the heart, pure. It returns to the heart purple
from the impurities it has picked up, and by the oxygen is once more
changed to red.
Manifestly if this process is so important to a person in health, it
must be doubly so to one who is sick. The impurities of a sick room
consist largely of organic matter, including in many instances enor¬
mous numbers of the disease germs themselves. If we uncover a
scarlet fever patient in the direct rays of the sun a cloud of fine dust
may be seen to rise from the body, the dust which carries the con¬
tagion itself. In an unventilated place this is but slowly scattered or
destroyed, and for many days it retains its poisonous qualities. 1' The
effect of rebreathing the air cannot be overestimated," says Martin
396
RULES FOR ACCIDENTS AND
EMERGENCIES
Poisons and Their Treatment—Bites, Stings, Bruises, S|p\inters, Cuts,
Sprains and Burns—Lockjaw—Poison Ivy—How to Bring the Drowned
to Life—Suffocation—Fainting—Sunstroke—Freezing—The Evjes and
How to Care for Them—Earache and Toothache—Felons, Warts, Corns
and Boils—Home Remedies for Diphtheria—Treatment of Smallpox—
Convenient Disinfectants—Sick Room Suggestions—Fruit in Sickness
—An Antidote for Intemperance—Milk Strippings for Consumption—
Stammering Cured at Home
Here are some short and simple rules for quick action in the
event of accidents:
For Dust in the Eyes, avoid rubbing, and dash water into them.
Remove cinders, etc., with the rounded end of a lead pencil or a small
camel's hair brush dipped, in water.
Remove Insects from the Ear by tepid water; never put a hard
instrument into the ear.
If an Artery Is Out compress above the wound; if a vein is cut
compress below.
If Choked get upon all fours and cough.
For Light Burns dip the part in cold water; if the skin is destroyed
cover with varnish.
Smother a Fire with carpets, etc.; water will often spread burning
oil and increase the danger.
Before Passing through Smoke take a full breath and then stoop
low; but if carbonic acid gas is suspected then walk erect.
Suck Poisoned Wounds unless your mouth is sore. Enlarge the
wound, or better, cut out the part without delay. Hold the wounded
part as long as can be borne to a hot coal or end of a cigar.
407
RULES FOR EMERGENCIES
418
TURPENTINE FOR LOCKJAW
A simple remedy recommended for lockjaw is ordinary turpentine.
Warm a small quantity of the liquid and pour it on the wound, no
matter where the wound is, and relief will follow immediately. Noth¬
ing better can be applied to a severe cut or bruise than cold turpen¬
tine, which is very prompt in its action.
BRUISES, SPLINTERS, CUTS AND BURNS—SIMPLE REMEDIES
The Best Treatment for a Bruise is to apply soft cloths wet with
hot water, and if the contusion is very painful a little laudanum may
be added to the water.
To Extract a Splinter from a child's hand, fill a wide-mouthed
bottle half full of very hot water and place its mouth under the
injured spot. If a little pressure is used the steam in a few moments
will extract the splinter.
Before Bandaging a Cut wash it thoroughly with some antiseptic
solution. When it is perfectly clean bring the edges together and
hold in place with warm strips of adhesive plastering. Leave a place
between them for the escape of blood, and apply a dressing of absorb¬
ent gauze. When the wound is entirely healed the plaster may be
easily removed by moistening at first with alcohol.
The Stinging Pain of a Superficial Burn may be instantly allayed
by painting with flexible collodion, white of egg, or mucilage. If the
skin is broken apply a dressing of boracic acid ointment or vaseline.
BURNS AND THEIR TREATMENT
Common cooking soda, as found in every kitchen, is a convenient
remedy for burns and scalds. Moisten the injured part and then
sprinkle with dry soda so as to cover it entirely and loosely wrap it
with a wet linen clothv
Another convenient remedy for the same kind of injury, if you
SOCIAL AND BUSINESS GUIDE
SOCIAL FORMS AND ETIQUETTE:
Street Etiquette—Visiting—The Use of Cards-^-Home Man¬
ners—Full Dress and Party Etiquette—Rules for Christ¬
enings, Weddings, Funerals, Conversation, Correspond¬
ence, and Official Forms of Address.
True politeness is the outward expression of a delicate and con¬
siderate soul. There are a few in this world whose personalities are
so high and strong and tender that they may conduct themselves
before all classes of people, meet all grades of society, and never by
their words or acts give offense. But for the most of us, however
good at heart, a little knowledge of social etiquette is assuredly not a
dangerous thing, and even if the majority of accepted rules are but
an "old story," many of us will find, perhaps, by carefully reviewing
them that we have either forgotten some of them, or carelessly neg¬
lected them.
We continue the subject by offering a conundrum:
Question—What is the Keynote of good manners?
Answer—B Natural.
It is presupposed, however, that the nature of the person who acts
naturally in society is of high grade; for if his nature is boorish and
without training in the forms of social etiquette, he will act like a
boor. The fact therefore redounds to the good sense of the people
generally that the study of social forms and etiquette is a serious and
common one.
One of the most famous books ever written along these lines—an
old book, long out of date, but one which is still thumbed into tatters
—was Lord Chesterfield's '4Letters to His Son." It has been edited
435
THE ART OF RECEIVING AND
ENTERTAINING
What is Expected of the Hostess—Rules and Forms as to Invi¬
tations and Introductions—Dinners, Suppers, Luncheons,
Etc. — Literary Entertainments and Music—Cards and
Other Games—Novel Entertainments—Outdoor Amuse¬
ments—Hints to the Hostess Regarding These and Many
Other Matters.
In the previous chapter the writer has viewed various matters of
etiquette from the standpoint of the visitor and guest, or from the
limited confines of the home circle. This chapter treats of the art of
receiving and entertaining and is a review of the situation from the
standpoint of the host or hostess.
The guest has a comparatively easy task—that of conducting him¬
self with propriety. Although it is expected that he will do what he
can to add to the general pleasure of the company, he is not obliged
to entertain. The hostess, on the contrary, is under strict obligations
to do everything in her power to make it pleasant for her guests, and
is expected to have decided upon some forms of amusement before¬
hand. In order to be really successful in the art of receiving and en¬
tertaining guests, the hostess should possess not only pleasing man¬
ners and tact in bringing together those who will be most congenial,
but she must have a certain cool and executive disposition, that she
may not be flurried over any embarrassing situation and that the pro¬
gram may be carried out with promptness and smoothness.
Invitations and Introductions.—Certain well-defined rules have
been adopted by good society as to the form of invitations to various
(social functions, the style of the invitation and the manner of sending
460
HOW TO CONDUCT YOUR OWN
BUSINESS AFFAIRS
A Simple Course in Business Training
The Advantage to Everyone of Business Methods—Simple but Approved
Ways of Keeping Books—General Entry Book, Day Book, or Book
of Original Entry—The Cash Book—List of Common Business
Terms with Abbreviations—The Journal and the Ledger—Trial Bal¬
ances, Closing the Ledger, etc.—Accounts—Aids in Business—General
Postal Suggestions—Minimum Weights of Produce.
In America more than in any other country a certain amount of
business training is considered to be an advantage to everyone. We
have already suggested how the farmer, or other person who does
not feel inclined to master standard business methods, may still keep
his accounts according to a simple and practical system. There are
others, however, whose transactions may be larger and more compli¬
cated, who have not been able to attend a commercial college and yet
are anxious to clearly understand the principles of business. Having
once mastered the simple principles, they may readily apply them to
individual cases. This is, therefore, an education which not only
develops methodical ways and enables one to accomplish a large
amount of work with a settled and clear mind, but becomes a spur to
originality.
Simple or Complex—Single or Double Entry.—The first thing to
be decided is whether the nature of your business requires a simple or
a complex system of bookkeeping. If you decide in favor of the
former you will adopt the system of single entry bookkeeping—that
is, you will have a general entry book, known as the Day Book, or
473
476 HOW TO CONDUCT BUSINESS AFFAIRS
Cash credit—Privilege, obtained by depositing security, of drawing
cash from bank.
Certified check—Check certified to, by the bank on which it is
drawn, making the bank formally responsible for its payment.
Clearance—Certificate by which the custom authorities allow a
vessel to leave port.
Clearing house—Place where banks settle their accounts and dif¬
ferences.
Collateral (coll.)—Security to indemnify a lender, in case the
money loaned is not paid.
Collect on delivery (C. 0. D.)—Form of bill, which, when so
marked, authorizes collection upon delivery of goods.
Consignment (Const.)—The sending of goods to a party for sale.
Consignee—The one to whom the goods are consigned.
Consignor—The one who consigns goods.
Conveyance—The legal paper by which property is transferred.
Coupon—Interest certificate, which is clipped off when payment is
made.
D. B.—Day Book.
Days of grace—Three days legally allowed beyond date of pay¬
ment mentioned in the note.
Debenture—A certificate allowing the seizure of property named
in the mortgage, if the conditions mentioned are not carried out.
Del credere—A term by which the credit of the purchaser is guar¬
anteed.
Donee—One to whom a bequest is given, or a gift is made.
Donor—The one who gives or bequeathes.
Dormant—A silent partner.
E. E.—Errors excepted.
Estoppel—A person's act which prevents him from making a
given plea, or defense.
Face—Exact sum named in a note.
Factor—One to whom the actual goods are consigned for sale; if
EVERY MAN HIS OWN LAWYER
OR
How to Understand Business Rules
All men in any kind of business, trade, or profession, follow cer¬
tain well established rules or laws of business. If they do not observe
these laws, they are quickly put out of business, and if they refuse,
they can not do business or engage in any trade or profession.
The careful observance of these laws and regulations make for
success, and they affect every one without distinction of person.
If a man does not know the law it is his fault, and he can not
give his ignorance as an excuse for not complying with it.
It is highly important to know just where you stand in the trans¬
actions of everyday life, and the principal things one ought to know
are here given:
1. A man who conceals a fraud is as guilty as the man who com¬
mits it.
2. No person can be compelled to do impossibilities.
3. Where two men agree to do or not to do a certain thing and
there is no consideration in money or other valuable thing provided,
the agreement is of no effect—it is void.
4. You may sign an agreement with a lead pencil—it is good in
law.
5. A receipt for money or other valuable thing is evidence of pay¬
ment, but it is not conclusive, that is, it may be shown that the receipt
is a forgery, was obtained by force, deceit, fraud, when insane, intoxi¬
cated, or any other reason to show disability may be given.
6. Where persons are partners, the acts of one will bind the others.
7. A contract made with a minor, that is, a woman under eighteen
• 486
THE ART OF ELOCUTION AND
ORATORY
How to Speak in Public Meetings—Readings and
Recitations for Home Entertainment
By MARVIN VICTOR HINSHAW
Of the Hinshaw School of Elocution, Oratory and Music
The art of elocution and oratory is not, as many erroneously sup¬
pose, an artificial combination of tones, looks and gestures, but is the
scientific portrayal of thoughts and emotions by means of vocal and
physical, expression. A knowledge of a few fundamental rules and
principles which govern these methods of expression will equip the
elocutionist or orator to appear to advantage before an audience. The
measure of success to be obtained afterward will depend upon the
speaker's capacity to think the thoughts and feel the emotions to be
expressed.
Naturalness, ease and grace are essential to success in public speak¬
ing. The easiest and most graceful position is to stand erect, not
stiffly, but naturally, with one foot slightly in advance of the other and
the weight of the body on the back foot. Then speak clearly and dis¬
tinctly; do not hurry your enunciation of words, but speak every sylla¬
ble plainly, sounding all of the consonants at the end of the words, but
sustaining only the vowels.
While speaking, support the tone entirely by the breath; do not
use the muscles of the throat for this purpose. Speak from the dia¬
phragm, in other words let the tones come from the chest and not from
the throat, otherwise the voice will not carry, and the audience will
hear only a confusion of gutteral sounds. The power which propels the
breath is in the diaphragm and walls of the chest, therefore diaphragm¬
atic breathing is always correct, and not abdominal breathing as many
493
COTTON GROWER'S GUIDE
Showing Crop for Past Seventy-nine Years—Exports and American
Consumption from 1904 to 1912—Amount of Cotton Used m
Different Parts of the World—Cotton Supply of Other Parts of
World, Compared to Our Own—The Number of Spindles in
Operation in This and Other Countries—Amount of Bales Pro¬
duced in Each of the Southern States—The Highest and Lowest
Prices Cotton Has Sold for Each Year, from 1861 to year of 1912.
CROP OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SEVENTY-NINE YEARS.
The Following statements are furnished by the New York "Commercial and Financial Chronicle:"
Year
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
Bales
1,205,324
1,254,328
1,360,752
1,422,930
1,801,497
1,360,532
2,177,835
1,634,945
1,683,574
2,378,875
2,030,409
2,394,503
2,100,537
1,778,651
2,347,634
2,728,596
2,096,706
2,355,257
3,015,029
Year
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862-1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
Bales
3,262,882
2,930,022
2,847,339
3,527,845
2,939,519
3,113,962
3,851,481
4,669,770
3,656,006
No record
2,193,987
2,019,744
2,593,993
2,439,039
3,154,946
4,352,317
2,974,351
3,930,508
4,170,388
Year
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882..
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
Bales
3,832,991
4,669,288
4,485,423
4,811,265
5,073,531
5,757,397
6,589,329
5,435,845
6,992,234
5,714,052
5,669,021
6,550,215
6,513,624
7,017,707
6,935,082
7,313,726
8,655,518
9,038,707
6,717,142
Year
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904.
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910„.„
1911
1912
Bales
7,527,211
9,892,766
7,162,473
8,714,011
11.180.960
11,235,383
9,439,559
10,425,141
10,701,453
10,758,326
10,123,686
13,556,841
11,319,860
13,550,760
11,581,829
13,828,846
10.650.961
12,132,332
16,043,316
The returns are for the years ending September 1. The average net weight per bale, for 1912, is 490.80 lbs.
COTTON CONSUMPTION OF THE WORLD
Consumption,
Bales, 500 lbs
1894-1895
1895-1896
1896-1897
1897-1898
1898-1899
1899-1900
1900-1901
1901-1902
1902-1903
1903-1904
1904-1905
1905-1906
1906-1907
1907-1908
1908-1909
1909-1910
1910-1911
1911-1912
Great Britain
3,250,050
3,276,050
3,224,000
3,432,000
3,519,000
3,334,000
3,269,000
3,253,000
3,185,000
3,017,000
3,620,000
3,774,000
3,892,000
3,690,000
3,720,000
3,175,000
3,776,000
4,160,000
Continent
4,030,000
4,160,000
4,368,000
4,628,000
4,784,000
4,576,000
4,576,000
4,836,000
5,148,000
5,148,000
5,148,000
5,252,000
5,460,000
5,720,000
5,720,000
5,460,000
5,460,000
5,720,000
United States
2,743,000
2,572,000
2,738,000
2,962,000
3,553,000
3,856,000
3,727,000
4,037,000
4,015,000
3,908,000
4,310,000
4,726,000
4,950,000
4,227,000
4,912,000
4,533,000
4,485,000
5,211,000
India
1,074,000
1,105,000
1,004,000
1,141,000
1,314,000
1,139,000
1,060,000
1,384,000
1,364,000
1,368,000
1,474,000
1,586,000
1,552,000
1,561,000
1,653,000
1,517,000
1,494,000
1,600,000
All Others
446,000
492,000
546,000
725,000
845,000
868,000
784,000
905,000
766,000
869,000
1,060,000
1,097,000
1,145,000
1,083,000
1,159,000
1,304,000
1,400,000
1,788,000
Total World
11,543,000
11,605,000
11,880,000
12,888,000
14,015,000
13,773,000
13,416,000
14,415,000
14,478,000
14,310,000
15,612,000
16,435,000
16,999,000
16,281,000
17,164,000
15,989,000
16,615,000
18,479,000
511
A Self-Educator That Educates
LIFE LINES OF SUCCESS
Written and published for the future advancement of a Rising Race,
in commemoration of the remarkable accomplishments of the past.
A glorious Vision of the greater achievements to come in the future.
A Bicentennial Volume of Progress and Prosperity.
A Beacon Light for the coming generations.
A practical book of Universal Knowledge for the individual and
the family.
A vast storehouse of world-wide and ever ready information for all
occasions.
PUBLISHERS' GUARANTEE.
("The Camera tells the truth in sixty magnificent photographs, depicting
ILLUSTRATIONS | actual progress and prosperity in real life.
PAPER AND J Printed on high class book paper especially made for this book. A
PRINT 1 large and clear print from new type.
BINDING - - - Substantially bound in artistic styles.
fFine cloth, emblematic design $2.00
PRICES - - - I Half leather, a rich library edition 3.00