South Carolina: A Home for the Industrious Immigrant By South Carolina. Commissioner of Immigration SOUTH CAROLINA: A HOME FOR THE INDUSTRIOUS IMMIGRANT. PUBLISHED BY THE COMMISSIONER OK IMMIGRATION. CHARLESTON: PRINTED BY JOSEPH WALKER, AGT., COB. MEETING AND MARKET STREETS. 1867. ' To his Excellency JAMES- L. OMR, Governor of South Carolina; Sir: I have the honor herewith to transmit to your Excel- lency a brief sketch of the history and resources of South Carolina. The emigrant, when he has determined to quit the home of his fathers, will look for that region which offers him most chances of good health and prosperity. Our noble old State may safely invite investigation and comparison, and to facilitate this, these pages have been written. What is here stated is based "upon historical and official data, and believed to be strictly and honestly true. The undersigned, himself a foreigner by birth, of thirty-four years' residence in the State, sincerely believes it to to be so : and to remove all doubt, it is my intention to call a public meeting of the foreign residents of Charleston, and invite their strict investigation and con- firmation or denial. There is no place in the world where all men are equally fortunate, or where there is no trouble, disappointment nor dis- tress; there is no clime where there are no ills, and where man lives forever; neither can South Carolina lay claim to such great blessing: but there are few regions which are her equal —none that are her superior. If your Excellency approve of them, let these pages go forth, and let all interested judge fairly and determine for themselves. I am, most respectfully, Your Excellency's obedient servant, JOHN A. WAGENER. Charleston, So. Ca., 22d March, 1867. THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. I. HISTORY. The first settlement in South Carolina was attempted by a colony of Huguenots, or French Protestant exiles, who named it Carolina, in honor of their monarch, Charles IX., King of France. It formed the central and western portion of the terri- tory which the Spaniards had named Florida,-or "the land of flowers." These French exiles were delighted with the country, and the commander of their fleet, in admiration of the splendid bay where he first landed, named it Port Royal—which name it bears to this day—" because of the fairnesse and larginesse thereof." An old history informs us that " the delighted Huguenots landed upon the northern bank of the entrance of Port Royal. The mighty oaks and the infinite store of cedars enforced their wonder, and as they passed through the woods they saw turkey cocks flying in the forrest, partridges, grey and red, little different from ours, but chiefly in bigness. They set themselves to fishing with nets, and caught such, a number of fish that it was wonderful." These persecuted people were, however, shortly totally exterminated by the fanatical cruelty of the Spaniards. In 1663, Charles II., King of England, granted a charter to a company of nobles of England, and under their auspices the first successful settlement was made at the same Port Royal where the French had failed. In 1680, the foundation of the present city of Charleston was laid. Henceforth the population increased steadily, but slowly, on account of the dangerous proximity of the Indians, and the many difficulties which the first settlers had to encounter. Im- migrants arrived from Switzerland, Germany, Holland, and other countries—even from Hew York a number of Dutch families came to the sunnier and richer shores of Carolina. Most of these were, however, very poor. However, by industry 5 and perseverence they were speedily very successful; and after the Indians had been entirely conquered and thoroughly sub- dued in a sanguinary war, nothing further obstructed their prosperity. The old history from which we have already quoted, says: " Multitudes of emigrants from all parts of Eu- rope flocked now to the interior, and, pursuing the progress of the streams, sought out their sources, and planted their little colonies on the sides of lofty hills or in the bosom of lovely vallies. In 1762, six hundred poor German settlers arrived in one body; Ireland poured forth numbers from her western counties; scarce a ship sailed for any of the plantations, that was not crowded with men, women, and children, seeking the warm and fertile regions of Carolina, of which such glowing tidings had reached their ears." South Carolina is one of the thirteen original States which first formed the great American Union. In the Revolutionary war, she furnished her full quota of patriots and heroes, and ever since the independence of the republic was achieved, she has had occasion to be justly proud of her statesmen and public benefactors. She has been the first to establish free schools for the education of her people—the first to build a railroad—the first to introduce the culture of cotton and rice, etc. She has been the steady friend of the immigrant, and a liberal and just protector of the adopted citizen—never having given waj- to the fanatical spirit of Nativism and Know Nothingism, which swept over nearly every Eastern, Northern and Western State with its relentless fanaticism. Being one of the oldest Stales on this continent, she has every element of civilization de- veloped. Numerous towns dot her surface, and religious instruction, education, and enlightened intercourse are every- where accessible. She has never heretofore taken steps, offi- daily, to induce immigration, because of her peculiar institution of African slavery, which enabled her inhabitants to prosper and live in patriarchal peace and contentedness; but she has never refused the immigrant a pleasant and prosperous home, and a helping hand in the hour of his need. Slavery is now, however, with her own consent, forever abolished; and her former bondsmen, relieved of the legal and moral restraints of their uncustomed condition, prefer, very numerously, seeking their fortunes in other lands—perhaps to return to Africa, or, 6 following the inducements and persuasions of speculators and labor agents, to more southern climes. It may, perhaps, not he improper, briefly to allude to the causes of this change. South Carolina, in the pride of her glorious past, always claimed her original sovereignty, and entered at the head of her South- ern sister States in the recent armed protest against, the pre- dominance and sectional legislation of the Northeast. The fortunes of war have, however, decided against her. She has accepted the result in good faith, and no State in the Union will be truer or more faithful to her pledges than the Home of the Palmetto. With impartial, brave, and enlightened men the question now will simply be, Did she religiously deem her cause a just one, and has she honorably and bravely defended it? This may not be denied; and although she is prostrate now, no manly man need be ashamed for himself or his de- scendents to participate in her future or her past history. She has now need of men' and women of her own blood and kin- dred, and she cordially invites the industrious of every nation to come to her, and enjoy with her the manifold rich and beau- tiful blessings with which a beneficent providence has endowed her. No country in the world excels her in natural resources, and no State in the American Union will be able to compare with her, if they are properly, developed. II. GEOGEAPHY. The State of South Carolina occupies an admirable and ad- vantageous position on the Atlantic ocean. She extends from 32 to 35 deg. north latitude, and from 79 to 82J deg. west long!- tude. She is hounded by North Carolina, north and west, and by Georgia on the south. She has a large sea front, forming nearly a triangle, of which the base is the ocean ; and she has numerous fertile and most valuable islands, and several good harbors—among which, the great bay of Port Eoyal, with an entrance of about thirty-two feet at low tide, is superior to almost all others in the United States. According to the latest surveys, the State embraces an area of 32,000 square miles, or about 19,000,000 acres. The general surface of the country is undulating, excepting in the tide regions, where it is altogether level. It ascends gradually for about 300 miles up to the Blue Kidge Mountains, 7 which aro nearly 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. It is crossed and intersected in every direction by rivers and streams, and peculiarly adapted to every kind of industry by the nnm- berless occurrences of waterfalls in every section, visiting almost every homestead in the State. A reference to the map will show that the State is crossed in every direction by rail- roads, enabling the farmer to send his produce to the market without much trouble, the nearness of which is a sure guaranty that remunerative prices can always be obtained. The State is divided into «thirty Districts, in every one of which is a court houso and a central town, with literary and educational institu- tions, and society in a high state of civilization. The roads are good, and trading points, where every necessary and luxury of life abounds, are frequent and readily accessible. What a dif- ference from a new and comparatively wild country, where a man is excluded for months from communion with his fellow man, and where the produce that his energy has gathered, and for which he has toiled many days, can find no market I 4 III. BIYEES. The principal rivers of the State are, the Savannah, which bounds it on the South, and for nearly 300 miles marks its line; the Broad river and Pocotaligo, which empty into the Bay of JPort Eoyal, and, by their depth and bold indentations, promise sites for large and important mercantile communities; the Com- bahee, and Ashepoo, and Edisto, which empty into the Bay of St. Helena—inferior only to Port Eoyal—and which are bor- dered with rich rice and cotton plantations; the Stono, which is in the immediate vicinity of Charleston, and the Ashley and Cooper, on which old Charleston, the noble, hospitable, and heroic old city, is situated; the Santee, which, through its con- neetion with the Congaree and Wateree, runs through the heart of the State up to the mountains; and the Pedee, which receives the Waccamaw of North Carolina into its bosom, and empties into the Bay of Winyah, on which the flourishing town and seaport of Georgetown is situated. IY. FOEESTS. Of the 19,000,000 acres of area in South Carolina, there are but about 4,500,000 acres in use, and all the rest are in forest, 8 original as the Lord in his infinite goodness and wisdom has created it. The husbandman will look for the open and cleared field, and he will find enough and to his heart's content: for, ol the 4,500,000 acres cleared and in cultivation, at least one-hal] are now for lease or sale, at very reasonable prices. But th< forest of South Carolina—the beautiful, grand, and useful deco ration of God's blessed world—where will be found anothei like it ? From the Carolina seaboard, wbere the tough Pal metto grows, the emblem of the State, to the mountain ridge where the stately balsam pine towers beside the fruitful chest nut, the valuable black walnut, and the useful maple, there is hardly a tree on the face of the earth which does not find i congenial home within her borders. The yellow pine, whicl affords the excellent lumber, rosin, and turpentine of commerce is liberally intermixed with the oak of every kind. Hickory walnut, maple, cedar, poplar, cypress, dogwood, locust, ash aspen, birch, spruce, hemlock, and basswood abound every where, and many other woods, for useful and ornamental pur poses, provide the most ample supply for thd various mechanical trades. V. GAME AND FISH. The forests of South Carolina abound in dear, bears, foxes wild cats, opossums, raccoons, squirrels, and rabbits. Otter, mink, and sometimes beaver, are found on the water courses Pigeons, doves, partridges, woodcock, snipe, wild turkeys, and sometimes grouse, are found in most parts of the State, whilst innumerable wild ducks, plover, marsh fowls, and curlews abide in tho tide regions. Fresh water fish are caught in all th« streams of the interior, whilst every valuable fish, from the largest to the smallest, is daily brought in regular supply from the rivers and banks near the sea. The luxurious oyster ia an article of daily consumption of the people residing in the tide regions, and may be had at any hour for the gathering. VI. CLIMATE. The careful emigrant, in seeking a new home for himself ant his children and descendents, naturally enquires into its climate temperature, adaptation to the culture of the great staples o food and commerce, and especially of its' healthfulness or salu 9 brity. What to' him are luxurious fields, if ailments prevent him from working them ? What to him are soft breezes, if they waft to him pestilence aud death ? It is well known that some of the fairest portions of the Western States are so fruitful of causes of disease, as almost to prevent settlement. Multitudes have left their European homes to find untimely graves in the vaunted rich soils of Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wiscon- sin, and other Western States and Territories. This last win- ter, we met a German farmer from Indiana, who looked for a home in South Carolina, and he informed us that he had been residing in the West ten years, and had never been a month without having occasion to call in a physician. The holy Scriptures tell us that man.is destined to endure sickness and death; but it may be remembered that Ponce de Leon had once thought to have discovered the' region where youth and vigor might be regained and enjoyed forever. This was in the re- nowned Florida, or Land of Flowers, of which South Carolina formed the centre. Of epidemics we have absolutely none, excepting the yellow fever, which, in a mild form, is occasion- ally brought from the West Indies to the port of Charleston, and which never extends beyond that city, and can exist only for a brief season, in August and September. Hew York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and other seaport cities are liable to it under the same circumstances. Cholera, and any other epi- demic, has never been able to obtain the least foothold here; and, beyond the tide regions, or sea coast districts, even *the fever and ague, so common in the Western States, is rarely found—and then of a mild and easily treated type. Yet, man is subject to disease and death everywhere, and all matters of health and salubrity must be considered comparatively. And considering it thus, South Carolina may justly be grateful to Providence for being a highly favored region. The climate of South Carolina corresponds with that of the south of France and of Italy. It has often been the subject of disparagement; but a sober investigation will not only remove every prejudice, but will show its comparative superiority over many other favorite sections of the Union, and a decided superiority over most countries of Europe. In this respect, the official records of the United States Census Bureau will be the basis of our- opinion. It may not be amiss here to mention, that the late war 2 10 has demonstrated fully and satisfactorily, that even in our low- country tidal regions, where strangers formerly were totally averse to dwell, the most perfect state of health may be enjoyed wit'hjproper care for personal cleanliness, comfort, sobriety, and regular living—which are the conditions of health in every portion of the world. The United States census of 1860 records, of deaths, in the States of— Arkansas Kentucky " 69 << Louisiana " 57 u Massachusetts " 57 u Mississippi u Missouri " 66 a Rhode Island " 69 a Texas « 63 a Virginia « 70 a District of Columbia " 58 a South Carolina " 71 a Comparing with this the records of the northern States of Europe, we find in- Norway 1 death in 56 inhabitants. Sweden Denmark England France Belgium Netherlands. Prussia 49 49 44 44 42 39 36 One of the great advantages of South Carolina, and most effective in the promotion of health and uniform realization of remunerative husbandry, is, the uniformity of its climate, which will be ascertained from the following table showing the highest and lowest degrees of temperature, noted quarterly for five consecutive years at Charleston, at 10 o'clock P. M., and re- ported in the geological survey of the State in 1846 : 11 Thermometer. Highest deg. Lowest deg. Mean. Range. Hottest Day. Coldest Day. 1816. 1st Quarter, Jan. to 31st Mar. 2d " April to 30th June 3d " July to 30th Sept. 4th " Oct. to 31st Dec... 69 78 84 72 40 65 68 52 54 71 77 63 29 13 16 20 24th Mar. 15th June 23d July 28th Oct. 9th January 7th April 28th Sept. 30th Dec. Mean of the year 76 56 | 66 19 23d July 9th Jan. 1817. 1st Quarter, Jan. to 31st Mar. 64 36 50 28 24th Mar. 18th January 2d " April to 30th June 79 65 72 14 30th June 1st April 3d " July to 30th Sept. 83 71 79 12 10th Aug. z5th Sept. 4th " Oct. to 31st Dec.. 74 43 60 30 13th Oct. 21st August Mean of the year 75 54 65 21 10th Aug. 18th January 1818. 1st Quarter, Jan. to 31st Mar. 2d " April to 30th June 3d " July to 30th Sept. 4th " Oct. to 31st Dec.. 66 78 85 71 37 60 74 46 52 70 79 58 29 18 11 25 1st March 7 th June 28th July 26th Oct. 13th January 20th April 30th Sept. 17th Dec. Mean of the year 75 54 64 21 28th July 13th January 1819. 1st Quarter, Jan. to 31st Mar. 67 47 57 20 29th Mar. 4th January 2d " April to30th June 78 64 72 14 29th June 1st April 3d " July to 30th Sept. 84 73 79 11 2d July 29th Sept. 4th " Oct. to 31st Dee.. 73 49 61 24 8th Oct. • 31st Dec. Mean of the year 75. 58 67 17 2d Aug. 31st Dec. 1820. 1st Quarter, Jan. to 31st Mar. 68 46 58 22 8th March 24th January 2d " April to 30th June 78 59 68 19 15th June 3d April 3d " July to 30th Sept. 85 73 79 12 17th Aug. 20th Sept. 4th " Oct. to 31st De and the 36 crop is ripe in the beginning of August. It takes, on an average, ninety days for the thick-skinned American varieties ; the European thin-skinned will ripen in sixty days. If the Carolina grape suffer from the frost in the spring, should the cultivator understand his business, he will prune and work his grapes over again, and he will have a tolerably good crop in September. The reason why the wheat is the most profitable, is because it is the kind of grain which is the most exported in flour. The Southern flour commands a better price than the Northern and Western in all markets of the world, for two reasons: first, of its being drier, it absorbs more water, and will make about ten pounds more bread per barrel; secondlj7, it will keep better in any climate, and is in great demand in the West Indies and South America. If the Carolinians will produce one hundred times more flour than they consume, their market will never bo overstocked; and being a month earlier in the market, their new flour is worth two dollars more per barrel in early summer." 15. From the official report of the Committee of the town of Aiken: " During the war, the want of skilled mechanics was felt and acknowledged to be seriously detrimental to our cause, cut off as we were by the blockade from our former sources of supply. Now, there is a disposition to encourage and support indus- trious and competent citizens, and it will take many hands and many years to replace the thousands of articles destroyed by the soldiers or worn out during the great struggle. Energetic workmen can rely on being well compensated. "As an illusti-ation: in this town there is a fair opening for either of the following trades, especially to such as have suffi- cient capital to supply themselves with the requisite materials: cabinet-maker, saddler, tinner, watchmaker, wheelwright, white- smith, millwright, carpenter, barber, &c.—-"as is evidenced by the success that has attended the baker and the tailor who have been located here for some years; showing that attention to details can build up a business. " In proportion to the skill, energy, industry, and discrimina- tion exhibited, will be the reward in any occupation or any country, hero as well as anywhere else. "Where industry is wanting, the choicest gifts of nature are of little value. Should any expect to find fortunes ready made and waiting to be grasped, they will meet with disappointment; but to such as are willing and determined to work, and build up fortunes for themselves and children, the field is most inviting." 16. From Hon. E. Dozier, Georgetown: "I have nearly three hundred acres of rice land and about two hundred acres of open upland, of pretty good quality, 37 situated on Black river, about sixteen miles from this town, and near where the Georgetown Railroad crosses the river. I have a large body of wooded land adjacent, where there is an abundance of wood, and where immigrants can find healthj- locations for building residences, if the present village should be regarded too near the river and rice fields. The village has about twenty houses, but in only tolerable repair. A little work will put the banks in good order, but it will require con- siderable work to clean out the ditches and drains, so as to put the place in complete order. The upland is regarded, by per- sons who are competent judges, as good cotton and corn lands. I know it to be good for corn, but have never planted cotton. The place abounds in both limestone and marl, and a very little work in cutting away the young growth that has sprung up, will put it in condition for planting. Immigrants, taking charge this winter, could be ready to plant in the spring. My purpose is to reserve for myself about twenty acres of rice land, and forty or fifty acres of upland, immediately adjacent to the resi- dence. The balance I propose to let to immigrants on these terms: They to plant on their own account, put the plantation used by them in good order and keep it so, make any improve- ments they may desire for their comfort, use the adjacent tim- ber land for fencing and building purposes—in short, to make themselves a comfortable home, which may remind them of all the sweets but none of the bitterness of "fatherland." Rent: the first year (1868), nothing; second year, one-eighth of the crop ; third year, one-fourth of the crop ; fourth year, one-third of the crop ; fifth year, one-third of the crop, and so to remain while they and 1 find it mutuallj' agreeable to remain together. This proposition contemplates farmers and their families. I have a threshing mill on the place, and will allow them the use of it the first year to thresh their crop, for nothing; after that, a very moderate toll to keep the mill in repair. The mill goes by water, of which there is an abundance, and which may be made mutually beneficial in other ways." 17. From Mrs. Susan E. Roper, Charleston: " I take the liberty of informing j-ou of a tract of good plant- ing land belonging to me, on John's Island, which I am desirous of selling. This tract consists of five hundred acres, which I propose selling in fifty acre lots, or the whole, at ten dollars an acre. 18. From Hon. Lewis M. Ayer : "My lands are in Barnwell District, contiguous to the Great Salkehatchie River, about one hundred miles distant from Charleston, and but fifteen miles from Bamberg, on the South Carolina Railroad. My place is situated in a beautiful and healthy section of country, indeed, there is no healthier portion 38 of the known world than middle South Carolina. The climate is mild and salubrious. Poor white men and farmers of small means, have always successfully labored here in the production of cotton. The soil is light and easily cultivated. Timber of almost every variety and the finest quality is abundant and very convenient. Every thing considered, I am persuaded that our middle country is the most advantageous and eligible region in the world for farmers of small means to locate in, and to make their independent living. This region is well watered for stock by its innumerable creeks, branches and rivulets, and fine well water may bo found anywhere at a convenient depth. Sheep husbandry has succeeded admirably in this section, and at a far less cost than anywhere else in this country. Peaches and grapes also do admirably well with us, and for several years previous to the late war, thousands of dollars were annu- ally realized from them. There is a fine water-power on my place, upon which I now have a lumber saw mill in operation, and also a grist mill and cotton gin. I propose soon erecting a cotton yarn factory also. In former years, very many Ger- man farmers settled in Barnwell and the adjoining Districts. Their descendants now constitute, in all probability, fully half the population of that section of country. They almost always succeed well in the cultivation of the soil, and are known as our neatest and most thrifty farmers. " Now, sir, with a view of enhancing the value of the balance that I may retain, I propose to give away about two thousand acres of my lands to actual settlers. To each head of a family, who will locate thereon and build a dwelling house, and make other im- provements worth altogether five hundred dollars, I will give fifty acres of land. Where the settler will make one thousand dollars worth of permanent improvements, I will give him one hundred acres of land. The said improvements to be completed within twelve months from the time they are begun, and the foe simple title deed to be executed by me, as soon as the spe- cificd amount of improvements shall be completed. This offer is made, however, on condition that at least ten families shall, at once, or rather, at tho same time, come and accept the terms. They must come well recommended as persons of honest, industrious and sober habits. * * * * " There is on my lands a magnificent body of several thousand acres of as fine yellow pine timber, as ever tho eye of man beheld. A portablesteam sawmill could do a splendid business there. With a responsible party, who would locate such a saw mill there, I would engage to cut and deliver the logs for half the timber or half the profits." 19. From Benjamin Bhett, Esq., Summervillo: "I forward a description of property, which I desire to sell, or will enter into arrangements with parties, who have capital, 39 for the proper development of its resources. One tract, of about one thousand acres, is divided in half by the Dorchester road, each half with a settlement and cleared land. The west- ern half, included between Dorchester road and Ashley river, has about one hundred and fifty acres of cleared lands of fine quality; balance in fine high rush land, once banked, equal to Mississippi bottom lands, and woodlands furnishing good fuel for market; within a half to one mile of a good landing; un- dcrlaid by lime bod of great value for agricultural purposes, affording good bricks for the trouble of moulding and drying, etc., etc. This part of the tract has a fine cypress and brick dwelling of about eight rooms and attic, with good out-build- ings. Price, §7,000 currency, one-third cash, balance in one and two years. ***** qq10 other half of the tract, to the east of the Dorchester road, has but twenty- five acres of cleared lands; the balance mostly in yellow pine timber, within one mile of the landing. The buildings are in rather poor repair. The soil is good—some of it very strong. The position is a fine one for a tavern, and was settled for that purpose. Price, §5,000 currency, one-third cash, balance in one and two years. The first tract is about three miles from the White House station, South Carolina Railroad; the other about two miles." 20. Mr. Ilenry Lenud, in Williamsburg District: ''About six hundred acres, of which sixty or eighty acres are cleared, with dwelling house of four rooms, kitchen, barn, stables, and other out-buildings; the lands well timbered with oak, hickory, dogwood, mulberry, walnut, ash, gum, locust, &c., and a fine mast range for stock; healthy place, and good water. Price, §2,200, cash, or §2,700, half cash." 21. Mr. T. P. Westmoreland, Greenville, desires to lease, or join a company to develope, a place fourteen miles from Green- ville; water power sufficient for factory purposes; area 1,500 acres; gold mine in the vicinity, and many other advantages. 22. Extracts from the official report of Governor Orr: " The amount of cotton, wheat, Indian corn, and oats pro- duced per acre, depends upon the quantity of manure used, the preparation of the soil, and the cultivation of the crop. Cot- ton ranges, according to these contingencies, from three hun- dred to two thousand pounds per acre; wheat, from four to thirty-five bushels per acre; and Indian corn, from five to one hundred bushels per acre. There is a recent German settle- ment formed in Pickens District. They have a flourishing town in its midst—" Walhalla." There are Irish settlements, and the descendents of former emigrants, in large numbers, in Abbe- 40 ville, Greenville, Newberry, and Lancaster. The same may be said of Scotch in Marion, Laurens, Marlboro', and Darlington. There are some Swedes in Union and York, about the iron works. ***** Small farmers, who can bring with them some capital, and mechanics and artisans, would emigrate to South Carolina with most profit to them- selves, because good lands may be bought, in large or small quantities, at low rates ; and all species of mechanical labor in the State is scarce, which would ensure good wages to the laborer. * * * " 23. From Dr. Thos. J. Eawls, Columbia: " I have about three hundred and fifty acres of good cotton, corn, and pasture lands for sale, near Kingsville, on the South Carolina .Railroad, which I will sell on two years' credit—one- fourth cash, balance in two annual instalments, and interest from day of sale. It can be divided into one hundred or fifty acre lots, to suit purchasers, at $10 per acre. Well wooded with pine, oak, beech, gum, etc." 24. From Mr. Luder F. Behling, St. Paul's Parish : "Being desirous to encourage German immigration to our fertile soil and delightful climate, I have concluded to sell a por- tion of my land, at a low price and on easy terms, so as to enable persons of limited means to obtain a comfortable home by per-, severance and industry. " I own about seven thousand acres of fair quality lands, which will produce, from nature, fifteen bushels of corn, and when manured slightly, about twenty-five bushels, to the acre. It is a free, warm soil, clear of rocks, and therefore well adapted to either sea islands or upland cotton, and produces well. It is also well adapted for gardening and orchards, and unsurpassed for raising cattle, hogs, sheep, and all sorts of poultry, which need not be hand-fed the entire year. It is within twenty-five miles of Charleston, a railroad station on the land, and near Too- gadoo creek, where I have a landing, admitting vessels of seven feet draft. In regard to health, I have lived, with my family of eight persons and from thirty to fifty servants, for ten years on the place, and my doctor's bills have not been ten dollars for the entire time. " I will sell to heads of families, actual settlers, from fifty to one hundred acres to each, at from $3 to $5 per acre, on a credit of one, two and three years, so as to enable the purchasers to buy their stock and farming utensils, and make their places comfortable with what ready cash they may have: provided, that at least five families will commence at the same time. This neighborhood needs a good country blacksmith and wheel- wright. To good workmen, and well recommended, I would 41 be willing to furnish the use of all tools, free of charge, for one year; and should they not be.able to buy the iron and lumber to start with, I will furnish that also, and take pay in work at customary rates. In short, I will do all I can for any immigrant of the right stamp, who is desirous to makp his home among us in good old Carolina." 25. From Capt. F. C. Sehulz, Summerville: " My plans are these: to divide my home tract, which em- braces 1,500 acres of cotton, rice, and corn lands, and situated at the head of Ashley river, into farms consisting of forty acres each, and lease them at #150 a farm, with the privilege of pur- chasing as soon as the renters are able to do so, allowance be- ing made for any improvements on the farm. This place is admirably suited for the purpose: for the body of pine land lies together, and the planting lands the same; so that the farmers could have a pleasant little community among themr selves. The place is but five miles from Summerville, and only three and a-half from the head of navigation. Farmers can have transportation either by railroad or by river." 26. From Mr. L. D. Merriman, Greenwood : " I offer for sale five hundred and fifty acres of land, lying in Pickens District, within ten miles of Walhalla. About one hundred acres are good, rich creek bottom, and about one hun- dred and fifty acres have been cleared, but are not now under1"* fence. The balance is in fine timber. There is an orchard of about two thousand apple trees, all young, having been planted about ten years ago—all choice fruit; also, a large number of peach trees, and a fine mill seat, with plenty of water and plenty of pine and poplar timber; a dwelling house of two stories, of hewn logs, comfortably finished; other small out- buildings, and a good barn and stable. The place is sufficiently large for four settlements, and easily divided, so that each could have good timber and,water. I would sell the above place for #3,000 in currency, one-third cash, and the balance in three in- stalments, with interest at seven per cent. " I also want a blacksmith to come to Greenwood ; also, cine that could put up a boot and shoe factory, and keep a shoe store in our village, would do well. They can get houses cheap. I have a blacksmith shop and a 'store, that I would furnish, gratis, one year, and give to a blacksmith and shoe manufac- turer a half-acre lot in the village, each, to build upon in fee simple." 27. From J. 1ST. Whitncr, Esq., Florence: " I have a tract of land which I trill sell. This place is in Darlington District, four miles south of Florence, and contains 6 42 1,500 acres of land. The North Eastern Railroad is the eastern boundary. Five hundred acresare cleared, and produce corn and cotton equal to any land in this section, and is susceptiblo of the highest culture, having the best of subsoils. One thousand acres in the tract is heavily timbered pine land, and would make an exceedingly valuable turpentine farm. Immediately on the line of the railroad I have a steam mill in successful operation, with switch and turn-out, from which point lumber and other articles may be shipped. On the place are the usual farm buildings, houses sufficient to accommodate ten or twelve families, and, at the mill, enough for- the necessary operatives. There is cleared land to work thirty to forty hands, and em- ployment for quite a number in the lumber and timber busi- ness. I think it would be an admirable settlement for both farming and manufacturing. A factory for building material, here in a healthy country, with an inexhaustible supply of raw material, could compete with any in the United States. The soil is well suited "to vegetables and fruit. Apples, peaches, and grapes seem to flourish with but little pains or labor. This place I will sell at reasonable price and terms to reliable parties, or will lease for a term of years. I will sell the place for $15,000; or, the place with stock, wagons, log carts—in fact, all as it just now is—for $20,000; one-third cash, balance in one, two, and three years, with interest." 28. From Mr. William Choice, Jr., Spartanburg: " Feeling interested in your efforts to bring immigrants into the State, I will give you a few facts with regard to this Dis- trict. »In my opinion, Spartanburg offers great inducements to German farmers, such as have families with one or two mem- bers able to work in the field. They can do well by renting land, and in a short time will accumulate money. What few Germans that have come to this District are the most prosper- ous citizens we have, particularly the farmers. Frederick l->witzer has made a fortune here-by farming. He raises grain, stock, and a large surplus of cotton every year. He sold his cotton crop for last year at $3,000, which was clear money to him as he had a surplus of provisions besides. David Zimmer- man, and J. C. Zimmerman, and Major Strobel, have become wealthy by farming here. Fred. Haas, rock mason, Adam Haas, painter, and Heinermann, jeweller, are doing well here. Herman LarkOj from Bavaria, came to Greenville as a gardener a few years ago, now he is one of the most prosperous citizens we have. He has everything in abundance, made it all by renting, and is still a renter. "We raise here corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, all kinds of vegetables and cotton, but being so high up towards the moun- 43 tains, grain grows better than cotton. The country rolling, the climate healthy, and pure free-stone water. ' The land is well timbered with oak, hickory, walnut and jfine. Good industrious renters are'in great demand, the more workers in a family the better, and I would advise thern to come and rent a year or two before they buy. " You can offer three tracts for sal6: "l.'One hundred and fifteen acres, of which ten acres are first class bottom, the rest good upland, with a small house, stable, etc., at $6 per acre, in gold; situated on waters of Law- son's Fork river, five miles from town. ''2. One hundred and sixty-five acres, fifteen acres good bottom, the rest first class upland, farm house, stables, etc., eight miles from town, on Tyger river, $6 per acre, gold. " 3. Three hundred and eighty-five acres!, thirty acres of which is good bottom, the rest tolerably fair upland, with farm house, stables, etc., six miles from town, on waters of Lawson's Fork river, price $5 per acre, gold." 39. From Major David Gavin, St. George's: "I have several tracts of land and plantations to sell, lying on both sides of the South Carolina Bailroad, from Elmsville to George's station ; some improved, some all wood land, all good for corn, cotton and provisions, with some good turpen- tine land, in all about 'six thousand five hundred acres. The price will be from $2 25 to $3 75 per acre/' 30. From Mrs. M. F. Ilowe, Florence: . " My plantation and my sister's, Miss Kennedy's, is situated on the North Eastern Eailroad, four miles from Florence. We own between us about two thousand five hundred acres of good land, well adapted to cotton or corn. We have about eight hundred acres cleared, the rest in forest. Our places are per- fectly healthy. We have a good deal that we would rent on very favorable terms, and we would have use for female house servants, cooks and washer-women, giving them good wages if they would suit." 81, From Mr. Joseph Tucker, Bamberg: "I have five hundred and thirty-nine acres of as good cotton, corn and rice land, as can be found in this State. It is situated on Beechhill, twelve miles from Sumroerville and thirty miles from Charleston. The Edisto and Ashley Canal runs about three hundred yards below it. The land is very heavily tim- bered with white oak, Spanish oak,. hickory, ash, elm, dog- wood, oto. There are sixty acres open land and a settlement ■v^ith common houses, about twenty-five jicres rice land, the balance is corn and cotton land. It will make, with proper cultivation, from thirty-five to forty bushels corn per acre,'and- 44 two thousand pounds seed cotton without manure. The hog and cattle range is good and locality healthy. I will take $10 per aero, one-third cash, balance in one and two years with interest, or I will take $6 per acre, all cash." 32. From Mr. C. E. Horton, Wiliiamston: " I have a tan yard with thirty vats, all covered; the pump- ing, scouring, breaking hides and grinding bark, all done by water power. I have water power enough to run,a corn mill, turning lathe, cotton gin and saw mill. I have good houses, and my place is iOne mile from the G-reenville and Columbia Eailroad, a good location for business, and all that is needed is the money to develop ,these resources. I will lease for three years, or sell, oi go into co-partnership. I will take $5,000 for my place, or I wilj lease it for $500 a year." 33. From Mr. Francis Murray, Graniteville: , " I have a plantation situated five miles from Graniteville, on the Big Horse creek—I think it would be a very good site for a factory—the Columbia and Hamburg Eailroad line runs within fifteen yards of the creek. There is already a saw mill and grist mill on the creek, as also the factories of Yaucluse, Graniteville, Kalmia Mills, Bath Paper Mills, etc. The site which I olfer is a .most convenient one. I have, altogether, two thousand three hundred acres of land, one thousand eight hundred heavily wooded. There are, also, rock-quarries opened by the Eailroad on my land, within a few yards of the creek; it could.be made a most thriving place by some enterprize and capital. The site is superior to any of the factories mentioned above. I will offer the site and any amount of the land on the most advantageous terms, or would join a company that would take the thing in hand." 34. From Mr. Isaac Ferrell, Grahamville: " I offer my lands for sale in St. Luke's Parish, Beaufort District, seven or eight miles from Broad river. There are one thousand one hundred acres of prime land, for corn, cotton and rice. The Buildings have all been destroyed during the war excepting seven or eight huts. The Charleston and Sa- vannah Eailroad passes through the place; it is about two miles and a half from the village of Grahamville." 35. From Wm. M. Thomas, Esq., Enoreo Factory, Green- ville: ' " I am located twenty miles from Greenville, eighteen miles from Spartanburg, and twenty-two miles from Laurens, on the projected line of the Air Line Eailroad from Athens, Ga., to Charlotte, jN. C. I have1 a superior water power to Lowel or ■Patferson, capable of spinning every pound of cotton made in 45 the United States, and in a perfectly healthy section of coun- try. I am running now one thousand spindles, with five hun- dred more ready to go up as soon as I can pay for them. I have corn and saw mills, and blacksmith and machine shops on the premises. I desire to increase the factory, and want to borrow the capital to do so. I also want some good spinners and laborers. * * * I have some land to sell on this river (Enoree), ten miles above Greenville, six hundred acres, four settlements. The houses have each six rooms. There are about eighty acres good bottom land, comprising meadow and corn lands. These bottoms were worth before the war $100 per acre. I will sell the whole for $10 per acre. I have one hundred and eighty acres twelve miles from Walhalla, on Tagaloo river, twenty acres of it nice bottom, a good settle- ment upon it, for $500. I have one thousand two hundred acres of mineral mountain land, some of it good for culture, but upon it there is certainly a gold mine, fifteen miles from Pick- ens C, H., for $2,000. Also, a tract twenty-five miles above Greenville, on Oil-Camp creek, two hundred acres, twenty of it bottom, for $500." 36. From Mr. ffm. H. Taylor, Charleston : "I have a valuable Island near Charleston, called Dixon's Island, whichi I will sell. It contains two hundred acres of high land and three hundred of marsh, more or less. The east end is on Folly river, it is separated from James' Island by a small creek, accessible in four places with good landings. It is very healthy and exceedingly good for Sea Island cotton ; fine pasturage for cattle; oysters and fish in abundance; twenty acres cleared. Price^ $2,500—$1,000 cash, balance in one and two years." 37. From Mr. Danl. W. Brown, Lancaster C. H.: " I have a plantation of two thousand one hundred acres, sixteen miles south of Lancaster C. H., on the east side of Catawba river. For machinery of any kind it cannot be ex- celled. I have one and a half miles of water, power, that will support a large factory for every hundred yards. I propose to sell the water power alone, or sell the plantation with the water power. The land is good for cotton and grain. The growth of timber is post oak, pine, hickory; a gravelly soil. I am willing to leave it to competent judges to say what the land with the water power is worth. We have gold mines in our district, and, they are valuable. In water power, gold mines and good lands, our district can compare with any in the State." * 38. From Mr. Fred. W. Robertson, Yorkville. " I have a house and lot to dispose of in this place; it con- 46 tains eight rooms and a store house on the lot, which is a good location for business, being opposite the Railroad Depot. I ask 81,300 in gold, or its equivalent in currency. I have also ninety-two acres of land, no houses on it, but a good stream of water passing through it, about half cleared, the remainder in wood. I will take for it $1,000 in gold, or its equivalent in currency." 39. From A. De Caradeue, Esq., Aiken: " My farm is for sale, six hundred and fifty acres, two hun- dred cleared and fenced, sixteen springs of'good water, facility for a fish pond and small water power—could easily be divided into several smaller farms. No. 1 Burr stones on the place, good Kaolin for fire bricks, or pipes or porcelain. About thirty acres in grape vines, ten acres in peaches, and five or six acres in apples and pears, all bearing. With manure the lands pro- duce the very finest vegetables, splendid potatoes, delicious melons, good wheat, rye, oats, corn and cotton. Residence new and large, thirteen rooms, large basement and unfinished garrets, water supplied to the top of the house by hydraulic ram, bathing room and patent water closet, large piazzas all around the house, commanding view of fields and vallies. Kitchen, wash-room, stables, four double servants' houses, all quite comfortable, five miles and a half from Aiken, entirely healthy—price $8,000, (before the war it was $20,000.) Also, another small tract unimproved, very fair land, one hundred and fifty acres, good spring, one mile from Johnson's turn out— price $3 per acre." 40. From John Y. Dupree, Esq., Charleston: " I have a tract of land on the San tee river called "Ash ton;" about four hundred acres cleared high land, for cotton, (long and short staple,) ^corn, wheat, and provisions generally, very productive. There is a dwelling house, cotton and gin house, barns, stables, and all necessary out-buildings. My price is $5 per acre, and the terms will be made easy." 41. From Ben. F. Clark, Esq., Eott's P. O.: " I have two hundred and twenty-nine acres of land for sale; good dwelling of five rooms, gin house and necessary outbuild- ings ; excellent water; about seventy-five acres in cultivation, abo-ut the same in forest, and the rest in old fields ; an excellent orchard of young trees; within four miles of A.