Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. It was scanned using Xerox software and equipment at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using CCITT Group 4 compression. The digital data were used to create Cornell's replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1984. The production of this volume was supported in part by the New York State Program for the Conservation and Preservation of Library Research Materials and the Xerox Corporation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1993.RAILROAD, CANAL PACKET, AND STEAM- BOAT ARRANGEMENTS—1844. RAILROAD ROUTES, BETWEEN ALBANY, TROY, AND BUFFALO. TWO REGULAR MAIL TRAINS DAILY. Going West. Leave Albany, and Troy,---7{ A. M. and 74 P. M. Pass Schenectady,......... 9 “ 9 “ “ Utica,............... 2\ P. M. and 24 A. M. lt Syracuse,........... 64 “ 64 u f Auburn,.............. 84 “ 8| “ “ Rochester, ..........8 AM. and 2£ P. M. Arrive at Buffalo,........2 P. M. 9 “ Going East. Leave Buffalo,............... 8 A. M. Pass Rochester,......... 8 “ tc Auburn,................ 2\ P. M. “ Syracuse,............... 44 “ “ Utica,..................8| P M. u Schenectady,............2 A. M. Arrive at Albany, and Troy,. 4 11 and 4i P. M. 104 “ 4| A. M. 7 lOJ “ P. M. 5 “ Accommodation Train. West. Leave Albany, (Sunday ex.; 1 P. M. Pass Schenectady, .......... 3 (i Arrive at Utica,......... 8 “ stops over night. LeaveTJtica,................ 74 A.M. Pass Syracuse,........... 11 “ “ Auburn................. 2 P. M. Arrive at Rochester,..... 8 “ stops over night. Leave Rochester,............ 8 A. M. Arrive at Buffalo,.......... 2 P. M. East. Leave Buffalo. (Sundaysexcepted,)...... 8 A. M. Pass Rochester,........................ 2| P. M# “ Auburn,...................... 92 RAILROADS. Pass Syracuse,............................ 11 P. M “ Utica.................. 4 A. JM 11 Schenectady,........................ 9 “ Arrive at Albany, and Troy,............... 11 (s Suitable cars for emigrants and their luggage are ru with the trains, who are carried by special contract made at Albany, Troy, or 59 Cortiandt-street, New- York, without extra charge for baggage. Table of Distances, fare, and usual time in going from Albany to Buffalo, by Railroad Route. PLACES. MILES. FARE. TIME. Albany to Schenectady,... 16 $0 50 1 hour. Schenectady to Utica, 77 2 50 6 “ Utica to Syracuse, 53 2 00 34 “ Syracuse to Auburn, 26 1 00 U “ Auburn to Rochester, 79 3 00 6' “ Rochester to Buffalo, 74 2 50 6 Total miles, 325 $11 50 24 hours. N. B.—The distance by railroad from Troy to Buffa- lo is 330 miles; the fare and time being the s -me as from Albany. The usual running time from the Hudson to Buffalo is 21 hours, there being about 3 hours consu- med in stopping on the route. Railroad and Steamboat Route from Albany to Niagara Falls, via Oswego Canal. PLACES. MILES. FARE. TIME. Albany to Syracuse, 146 $5 00 1 50 10 hours. Syracuse to Oswego, 38 7 “ Oswego to Niagara Falls,. 149 3 50 15 “ Total miles, 333 $10 00 32 hours. N. E.—By the present arrangement, the American steamboats running from Oswego to Lewiston, touch at Toronto, Canada, on going up the lake, which takes -shout six hours longer to perform the trip.8 CANAL PACKET BOATS. CANAL PACKET BOATS—1844. Passage Boats running between Schenectady and Utica, via Erie Canal. Packet Boat Herkimer, Capt. Hatter. u 11 Huron, “ Dikeman. “ Montgomery, “ Brown, *e 11 Saratoga, “ Barney. te u Schenectady, “ H. Rankin. Distance 80 miles. Usual time 16 hours. Fare, $1.75, including meals. One of the above boats leaves Schenectady, during the season of navigation, at 8 o’clock A. Mo and 8 o’clock P. M. ; leaving Utica at 8 A. M., and 7 P. M.,—thus forming two daily lines, east and west. The above boats connect at Schenectady with Rail- road Cars and Stages, running to Albany, Troy, and Saratoga Springs,—at Utica with Canal Packets and Railroad Cars running west, and with Stages running to Binghamton on the south, and Watertown, Sackett’s Harbor, and Ogdensburgh on the north j in addition to other Stage routes to various places. Passage Boats running between Utica and Syra- cuse, via Erie Canal. Packet Boat Oneida, Capt. W. H. Greene. “ u Onondaga, “ A. Myers. <{ “ Syracuse, u Wm. Tingley. u “ Utica, “ Charles Brandt, Distance 61 miles. Usual time 12 hours. Fare, $1.25, including meals. The above boats form two daily lines, leaving Utica and Syracuse, during the season of navigation, at 6 o’, clock A. M., and4 o’clock P. M. -} connecting with other Canal Packet lines at Syracuse. Passage Boats running between Syracuse and Os- wego, via Oswego Canal. Packet Boat, Rochester, Capt. Wm. D. Stewrart. “ “ Liberty, “ F. Rood. The above boats form two daily lines, leaving both places at 7± A. M., and 7 P. M.; connecting with Steam- boats on Lake Ontario.4 CANAL PACKET BOATS. Passage Boats running between Syracuse and Rochester, via Erie Canal. Packet Boat Albany, Capt. J. B. Cole. 11 !{ Boston, “ T. Wheeler. “ ,c North America, “ D. K. Greene. ft “ South America, “ J. E. Vedder. “ “ Toronto, “ W. H. H. Smith. Distance 99 miles. Usual time 22 hours. Fare, $2.50, including meals. The above boats form two daily lines, leaving Syra- cuse at 7£ A. M. and at 7 P. M. ; leave Rochester at 6 A. M. and 5 P.M. Passage Boat running between Montezuma and Geneva, via Cayuga and Seneca Canal. Packet Boat Geneva, Capt. Compson. Distance 21 miles. Usual time 4| hours. Fare, 75 cents. At Geneva this boat connects with steamboats on Ge- neva lake, and with Railroad Cars; at Montezuma with Canal Packets, running east and west on the Erie canal. Passage Boats running between Rochester and Dansville, via Genesee Valley Canal. Packet Boat Dansville, Capt. Brewster. “ “ Perry, “ N. P. Stone. Distance 52 miles. Usual time 13 hours. Fare $1.87^, including meals. The above boats form a daily line, leaving Rochester at 8 o’clock A. M. Passage boats running between Rochester and Buffalo, via Erie Canal. Capt. A. Van Buskirk. u a Empire, u D. H. Bromley. l( tc Red Rover, u S. A. Clark. (( cc Rescue, ce C. H. Mason. (C ti Rochester, u J. H. Warren. Distance 95 miles. Usual time 19 hours. Fare, $2.00, including meals. The above boats form two daily lines, leaving Ro- chester at 8 A. M. and 7 P. M., and Buffalo at 9 A. M. and 7 P. M. *** Total distance by canal route from Schenectady to Buffalo, via. Erie Canal, 334 miles. Usual time 70 hours. Fare, $7.50, including meals.STEAMBOATS. 5 STEAMBOATS ON THE CENTRAL LAKES OF WESTERN NEW-YORK. Caytjga Lake. The Steamboat Simeon De Witt, Capt Wilcox, leaves Ithaca daily, (Sundays excepted,) at 7 o’clock A. M., and Cayuga Bridge at 3 o’clock, P. M., running through Cayuga lake, a distance of 40 miles, stopping at several landings. This boat runs to meet the trains of cars on the An* burn and Rochester, and Ithaca and Owego Railroads. Seneca Lake. The Steamboats Richard Stevens, and Chemung, form a line running through Seneca lake, winter and summer, from the village of Geneva to Jefferson, a distance of 40 miles, landing at several places on their passage up and down. A line of stages runs in connection with the above boats, from Jefferson to Elmira, situated on the Chemung river, a distance of 19 miles. Crooked Lake. The Steamboat Keuka runs between the landing near Penn-Yan to Hammondsport, a distance of 22 miles, con- necting with a Stage line running between the villages of Geneva and Bath. The passage through the above lakes forms a delight- ful excursion, being surrounded by a rich and highly cultivated region of country, affording romantic scenery. STEAMBOAT LINES LEAVING BUFFALO. A Steamboat leaves Buffalo every evening, (Sundays excepted,) during the season of navigation, for Chica- go, Illinois. Usual cabin fare, $14.00. Steerage pas- sage,$7.00. Distance 1,047 miles. Usual time four days. A Steamboat leaves Buffalo daily for Detroit, stopping at the intermediate ports. Usual cabin fare, $7.00. Steerage, $2.00. The same fare is charged to Toledo. Distance through 372 miles. Usual time 36 hours- A British steamer runs between Buffalo, Port Stan- ley and Amherstburg, thence to Detroit, stopping at the intermediate Canadian ports. A boat runs daily from Buffalo to Barcelona. Dis- tance 60 miles. Usual fare, $2.00. Two boats run daily between Buffalo, Chippewa, Port Robinson, and Schlosser’s Landing. Distance to the latter place, 22 miles.6 STEAMBOATS. List of Steamboats sailing from Buffalo to dif- ferent ports on Lakes Erie. Huron, and Michi- gan—1844. NAME. Tons Master. Where to. Benj. Franklin,* 231 Edmonds. Toledo and Monroe. Buffalo, 613 Levi Allen, Detroit. Bunker Hill, - - - * 457 C. Stanard, Chicago. Chautauque,--* • 161 F. Miller, Barcelona. Chesapeake, • • • • 412 L. A. Kelsey,• Chicago. Cleveland, •••••• 580 M. Hazard, Chicago. Columbus, •••••• 391 Powers, Detroit. Com. Perry, •••• 352 D. Wilkinson, •• Perrysburg & Maumee. Constellation, • • 483 J. Lundy, Detroit. Constitution, ••• 443 A. F. Kingman,- Chicago. Detroit, (new b.) Brundidge, a De Witt Clinton, 493 A. H. Squiers, •• ti Emerald, (Brit.) R. Hamilton, • -• Chippewa & P. Robinson Empire, (newb) D. Howe, Chicago. Gen. Harrison, • • 326 S. F. Attwood,-- Maumee. Gen. Wayne, 390 L. H. Cotton, • •• Chicago. Great Western,- 7S0 A. Walker, n Illinois, 755 C. Blake, n Indiana, 534 C. C. Roby, - •• • Toledo. Indian Queen, • • S. Staring, Erie, Penn. James Madison, 630 J. McFadgen, - •• Chicago. Julia Palmer, - •• 300 T. J. Titus, Detroit. Kent, (British,)- 180 Van Allen, P. Stanley & Amherst’g. Lexington, 363 F. N. Jones, • •• Detroit. Missouri, 612 T. Wilkins, Chicago. New-England, •• 416 Wm. Brown,-• •• Detroit. 1X116} •••••• •••••• OUU a. Alien.) ••••••• LulCa^O* Robert Fulton, • • 308 R. Hart, Toledo. Rochester, 472 R. Folger, Chicago. St. Louis, (n. b.) G. W. Floyd, << United States, •* 366 H. Whittaker, • • Detroit. Waterloo, •••••• 100 J. Jennings, ••• ■ Chippewa & Schlosser. Wisconsin, 700 H. Randall, - »•• • Chicago. Steam Propellers running from Buffalo to Chicago—1844. Emigrant, 275 tons. Gen. Porter, 300 “ Hercules, 260 (i Independence 300 “ Samson, 250 u The above Ericsson Propellers carry passengers and freight, stopping at the intermediate ports. Usual fare, cabin passage, $11.00. Steerage, $5.00. Usual time, six days from Buffalo to Chicago.NIAGARA FALLS (.Horse Shoe Fall,) FROM GOAT ISLAND.THE WESTERN TRAVELLER; EMBRACING THE CANAL AND RAILROAD ROUTES, FROM ALBANY AND TROY* BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALLS. axso, THE STEAMBOAT ROUTE, FROM BUFFALO TO DETROIT AND CHICAGO* NEW-YORK: PUBLISHED BY ft DISTURNELL, No. 102 Broadway. 1844.-Tf r ia**> DM Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1844, by John Disturnell, in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New-York. PRINTED BY C. VAN BENTHUYSEN AND CO.Between Albany and Buffalo, and the Principal Intermediate Placer e u b ..■Of*, tT p- t> S -a pq rp w rr a Si 53 O CO H 1-3 HH - S' & >* 5? Ph d <1 cT B d o k pq CO us 05 d i-3 oo” oT N 05 us 00 CM r-l cm CM CO o' co” os’ us h-” 05” ns r- CO us 00 CO CO o oi ! Ith T“l cm CM CO 8 co” os" co” oo” o” cm” d o US 05 S3 ,d a GO o3 o aT co” oT US }>r oT £ pq <32 d ■§ S NN P3 «S ffl of tJ <1 J? <1 o 1-3 Ph H H <1 <1 pq l-H o £ *—( pq Ps From Utica to Binghamton, via Chenango canal, 97 miles. From Rochester to 01ean,via Genesee Valley canal,* 108 miles. From Syracuse to Oswego, via Oswego canal, 38 miles. From Montezuma to Geneva, via Cay. & Sen. canal, 23 miles-TABLE OF DISTANCES, From Place to Place on the Erie Canal. NAMES. Place to place From Albany. From Buffalo. Albany, Port-Schuyler, • •• 0 0 364 6 6 353 West-Troy, 1 7 357 Junction Cham. c. 2 9 355 Cohoes, 1 10 354 Lower Aqueduct, • 3 13 351 Willow Springs, •• 6 19 345 UppeT Aqueduct,* 7 26 338 Schenectady, • ••• 4 30 334 Rotterdam, 9 39 325 Amsterdam, 8 47 317 Schoharie Creek,* 5 62 312 Smithtown, Fulton ville, 2 64 310 3 67 307 Spraker’s Basin,* 9 66 298 Canajoharie, 3 69 295 Fort-Plain, 3 72 292 St. Johnsville, 5 77 287 East Canada cr.** 4 81 283 Indian Castle, • •• 2 83 281 Little Falls, • • • • 5 83 276 Herkimer L. Br. •• 7 95 269 Herkimer U. Br.** 1 96 268 Frankfort, 5 101 263 Utica, 9 110 254 York Mills, 3 113 251 Whitesboro, 1 114 250 Oriskany, 3 117 247 Rome, 8 126 239 Wood Creek, * — 2 127 237 Hawley’s Basin* • 2 129 235 New-London, Higgins’, 3 132 232 4 136 228 Loomis’, 2 138 226 Oneida Creek,*** • 3 141 222 Canaslota, 5 146 218 New-Boston, 4 150 214 Chittenango, 3 163 211 Kirkville, 5 158 206 Manlius, 4 162 202 Lodi, 8 ! 170 194 Syracuse, 1 1 171 193 Geddes, 2 173 191 Belisle, 4 ! i 177' 1 187 Camillus, 2 179 186 Canton, 6 184 180 Peru, 2 186 178 Jordan, 4 190 174 Cold Spring, 1 191 173 Weedsport, 5 196 168 Centreport, •••••• 1 197 167 Port-Byron, 2 199 165 Montezuma, »••••• 6 205 159 Lockpit, 6 211 153 Clyde, 5 216 148 Lock-Berlin, 5 221 143 Lyons, 4 225 139 Lockville, 6 231 133 Newark, 1 232 132 Port Gibson, 3 235 129 Palmyra, 5 240 124 Macedonville, ••• * 4 244 120 Wayneport, *••••• 3 247 117 Perrinton, 2 249 115 Perrinton Centre, 2 251 113 Fairport, 1 252 112 Fullam’s Basin, •• 1 253 m Bushnell’s Basin, 3 256 108 Pittsford, 3 259 105 Billinghasts Basin 4 263 101 Rochester, 6 269 95 Brockway’s, 10 279 86 Spencer’s Basin,* 2 281 83 Adam’s Basin, • •• 3 284 80 Cooley’s Basin, •• 3 287 77 Brockport, 2 289 75 Holley, 5 294 70 Hulberton, 4 298 66 Albion, ••• * * 6 304 60 Gaines’ Basin, • •• 2 306 58 Kagle Harbor, 1 307 67 Knowlesville, ••• 4 311 53 Medina, 4 315 49 Shelby Basin, 3 318 46 Middleport, *3 321 43 Reynold’s Basin, • 3 824 40 Gasport, 2 326 38 L/OCKPORT, 7 333 31 Pendleton, 7 340 24 Tonawanda, 12 352 12 Lower Black Rock 8 360 4 Rlaek Rock, 1 361 3 Buffalo,* • 3 364 0WESTERN TOUR. ROUTES FROM ALBANY AND TROY TO BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALLS. The first link of the great chain of railroads connect- ing the navigable waters of the Hudson with Lake Erie, is the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad. It was one of the first constructed railroads in this state, the company hav- ing been chartered in 1826. It extends from Albany to Schenectady, 16 miles, and passes over a tract of sandy land, covered nearly the whole distance with a thick growth of stunted pines. Though at present barren and uninviting, this district is capable of being rendered fruit- ful and beautiful by judicious tillage; and at no extraor- dinary cost. The sand is everywhere underlaid, general- ly at no great depth, with clay; and at the bottoms of the ravines and basins, or rather howls, with which the whole tract abounds; are rich deposits of muck and a marly clay, which could be mixed with the sand at about as little cost as equal quantities of other manures, and would furnish precisely those ingredients which are now mostly deficient in the general soil. The few farms which skirt this tract, are encouraging evidences of what the whole could be rendered, and if so rendered, there are few districts more beautiful than this would be. Its surface is agreeably varied, and from its general elevation, it commands a wide horizon, with distant prospects of universal beauty. The Schenectady and Troy Railroads which has re- cently been put in operation, extends from the city of Troy to the city of Schenectady, on a line of 20 miles in6 WESTERN TOUR* length, and making with the other road, two lines of travel diverging from the tide waters of the Hudson, in addi- tion to the Erie Canal. This road from Troy inclines to the north, running parallel wTith the Mohawk river, and is remarkable for the variety and beauty of its scenery. The City of Schenectady is handsomely situated on the south bank of the Mohawk, at the true com- mencement of the celebrated valley of that river. This is an ancient place, having been settled as early as 1620, by the Dutch, many of whose living descendents reside in the dwellings of their ancestors, and retain many of their primitive habits. This place was called by the Indians Schagh-nac-taa-dasignifying in their language, s*' beyond the pine plains” During the old French and Indian wars, Feb. 9, 1690, it was taken by surprise in the dead of night, was sacked and burnt by the Indians; a great number of its inhabitants were massacred, and others carried away into captivity. It was chartered as a city in 1798; and in 1840, contained 6,784 inhabitants. Few inland towns present a more thronged thoroughfare than Schenectady. In addition to the Erie Canal, which passes through the centre of the city, here diverge four important railroads. Besides those already mentioned, there are the Saratoga and Schenectady Railroad, run- ning to Ballston Spa and to Saratoga Springs, 211 miles; and the Utica and Schenectady Railroad, running to Utica, 78 miles, and traversing the rich valley of the Mohawk, parallel with the river and the Erie Canal. The public building, dwellings, and stores in Schenec- tady, present a plain appearance, perfectly in keeping with the general character of the place. There are seve- ral well kept hotels, affording every desirable accommo- dation for the traveller, if inclined to tarry for business or pleasure. The place derives its most extended cele-WESTERN TOUR. 7 brity from being the seat of Union College, situated on the elevated ground about half a mile east of the com- pact part of the city. This institution was incorporated in 1795, and derived its name from the fact that its foun- ders were members of different denominations, and prof- fered its advantages indiscriminately to the followers of every faith. The buildings consist of one stone and two brick edifices, containing accommodations for the president and professors and their families,* 2 chapels, lecture and library rooms, 4 halls for the meeting of literary socie- ties, and dormitories for students, of whom there are usually from 200 to 300, from every section of the coun- try. Attached to the institution, are about 250 acres of land, appropriated in part to groves for recreation and health. These are distingushed for beauty of feature and situation, and present great capability for improve- ment. The annual commencement takes place on the fourth Wednesday of July, after which there is a vaca- tion of six weeks. In addition to railroad cars, commodious Canal Packet Boats, run daily during the opening of the canal, be- tween Schenectady and Utica, adistance by this route of 80 miles, affording a cheap and comfortable mode of conveyance. On leaving Schenectady for Saratoga Springs, and for Utica, the railroad tracks cross the Erie canal and Mo- hawk river by substantial bridges. If bound for the Springs, you proceed northward through an interesting region, passing on the way the village of Ballston Spa, an old and celebrated place of resort, and the terminus of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, which comes up from Troy. If bound to the west, your route is on the north side of the Mohawk, and your first halt is at the village of8 WESTERN TOITB. Amsterdam, 15 miles from Schenectady, and con. nected by a toll-bridge with Port Jackson on the oppo- side of the river. Amsterdam contains about 1,700 inha- lants, and in the immediate vicinity are annually quarried large quantities of a fine quality of limestone, much used for the construction of locks and other public works. Stages leave Amsterdam daily for the Fish House, on the Sacondaga river, and for other places to the north in Fulton county. One or two miles west of Amsterdam, on the line of the railroad, are situated two of the old stone mansions of the Johnson family, who figured large- ly in the early history of this part of the country. Schoharie Creek, a fine stream descending from the high lands away to the south, and towards the head wa- ters of the Delaware, enters the Mohawk in the midst of a broad tract of rich alluvial land, at the distance of 22 miles from Schenectady. On a sort of natural bastion in the angle between the creek and the river, once stood Fort Hnnter, famous in old colonial times, in the transactions between the Indians and the white men, and its remains are still traceable. Fonda, a pleasant village of recent date, and the coun- ty seat of Montgomery county, is 42 miles by railroad from Albany. It stands on the north side of the Mo- hawk, and opposite the village of Fultonville, on the Erie canal. Johnstown, the county seat of Fulton county, lies 4 miles north of the Mohawk river, and 45 miles from Al- bany. This is an old and interesting place, containing about 1,000 inhabitants. It was originally founded by Sir William Johnson, whose residence, built of lime- stone, is still standing about one mile west of the village. A daily line of stages runs from Johnstown to FondaWESTERN TOUR. § connecting with the cars on the Utica and Schenectady Railroad. To the north of Johnstown, and some 30 miles distant* lies the county of Hamilton, being for the most part an unsettled wilderness of great extent. This region of country abounds with lakes and streams richly stored with trout and other fish of fine flavor, the most fre- quented resorts are Lake Pleasant and Lake Piseco, and the creeks and rivers in their neighborhood. Spraker’s Basin, on the line of the Erie canal is 36 miles from Scheneetady. Here is located a thriving settle- ment, containing a church and some 20 or 30 dwellings. Palatine Bridge, 54 miles from Albany, connects with the village of Canajoharie, on the south bank of the Mohawk river, and the proposed terminus of the Catskill and Canajoharie Railroad, a distance of 78 miles from the Hudson river at Catskill, by this route. Canajoharie was incorporated in 1829, and now contains about 1,300 inhabitants. The Erie canal passes through the centre of the village. Stages leave this place daily, during the summer season, for Sharon Sulphur Springs and Cooperstown. Sharon Springs, some 10 or 12 miles south of Cana- joharie, and 45 miles west of Albany, via the Cherry- Yalley turnpike, has become a place of considerable re- sort for health or pleasure. The Pavilion is a large and well kept public house, affording a view, said to be equal to that of the Catskill Mountain House. The rides in the vicinity, the numerous villages, extensive views, neighboring caves and romantic scenery, together with the delightful fishing in Otsego Lake, are among the many attractions offered to those seeking in the heat of summer either health or pleasure.10 WESTERN TOUR. Added to these advantages, the pure clear waters of these springs, greatly resembling those of the White Sulphur Springs of Virginia, have been proved to be highly effi- cacious in Rheumatic, Cutaneous, and Dyspeptic com- plaints, and in some respects possess medicinal and heal- ing properties unsurpassed, and believed to be unequalled in the United States. From a certificate of a recent analysis made for the proprietor of these Springs by one of the most eminent chemists in this country, (Dr. Chilton of New-York,) the following results have been obtained from one gallon of the water: Grains. Sulphate of Magnesia,.................... 42.40 Sulphate of Lime,..................... 111.62 Chloride of Sodium,...................... 2.24 Chloride of Magnesium,................... 2.40 Hydrosulphuret of Sodium, ) Hydrosulphuret of Calcium, > ......... 2.28 Vegetable extractive matter, ) Total grains,..................... 160.94 Sulphuretted Hydrogen Gas,........... 16 cubic inches. Cooperstown, although off from the great line of travel, east and west, is well worthy of a visit. It is 66 miles west of the city of Albany, by stage route, and most delightfully situated on a plain at the outlet of Otsego Lake, this being the chief source of the Susquehanna river. No inland village in the Union, probably excels Cooperstown in elegance of situation and beauty of sur- rounding scenery. Otsego Lake in the immediate vicini- ty, is a most beautiful sheet of water, abounding in trout and bass, celebrated for their peculiar flavor. Richfield Springs, 69 miles from Albany, is situated near the head of Canaderaga lake. Here is a celebrated sulphur spring, which is much resorted to by invalids, and is noted for the cure of cutaneous disorders.WESTERN TOUR. 11 Fort Plain, 57 miles from Albany by railroad route, on the south side of the Mohawk river, is situated on the line of the Erie canal; it was incorporated in 1834, and now contains about 1,400 inhabitants. A daily line of stages run from this place to Cherry-Valley, Coopers* town, and Sharon Springs in Schoharie county. Palatine Church. 60 miles from Albany, is sur- rounded by a small settlement. Saint Johnsville, 63 miles from Albany and 31 from Utica, is situated on the north side of the Mohawk, on the line of the Utica and Schenectady Railroad; it contains about 300 inhabitants. East Canada Creek, enters the Mohawk river 3 miles west of St. Johnsville. This stream for a consi- derable distance forms the boundary line between the counties of Montgomery and Herkimer. Lillle Falls, Herkimer county, is situated on both sides of the Mohawk, 73 miles west of the city of Alba- ny. It was first incorporated in 1811, and amended in 1827; it now contains about 2,500 inhabitants, 300 dwel- ling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic church ; a large and beautiful academy building, a banking house, 5 hotels, and taverns, 30 stores and groceries, 2 printing offices, together with almost every other kind of mechanic work shops; and the village is rapidly improving in population and business. The Mohawk river here falls, in the dis- tance of half a mile, about 42 feet affording hydraulic power to a large extent, only a small portion of which is at present occupied for manufacturing purposes. There are now erected and in operation, 1 extensive woollen fac- tory, with new and improved machinery, 3 paper mills 3 flouring mills, 2 saw mills, 1 plaster mill, 1 trip ham-12 WESTERN TOU&. mer works, 4 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 sash factory, and 1 fulling mill. This place and vicinity is justly celebrated for its wild and romantic scenery, and is much resorted to by the admirers of nature and art. The gap between the moun- tains, through which the river has apparently worn for itself a passage, though confined, is still of breadth sufficient to afford room for a large town. The rock at the river bed is primitive granitic gneiss, very hard but is readily quarried and broken into building stone. Above this, on the mountain sides, lies the sand rock, and still higher, at the top, are extensive beds of blue limestone; great quantities of which have been used in constructing the locks, and for building, for coping, and for flagging. Through this gorge passes the Erie canal, on the south side of the river; and the Utica and Schenectady Railroad and the Mohawk turnpike on the north. It is the gate- way through which the product and travel of the vast west must of necessity pass to tide water. An aqueduct crosses the Mohawk at this place, communicating with a feeder on the north side of the river, and is a fine specimen of masonry. A daily line of stages runs between Little Falls and Trenton Falls, and several mail routes north and south branch off at this place. West Canada Creek, enters the Mohawk river, 5 miles west of Little Falls. Its whole length is about 60 miles from its sources, in the wilds of Hamilton county. It is a romantic and lovely stream, and abounds with fine trout. About 20 miles from its mouth are situated Tren- ton Falls, being on the border of the town of the same name in Oneida county. The village of Herkimer, 79 miles from Albany, is handsomely situated in the valley of the Mohawk on the north side of the river. It was incorporated in 1807, andWESTERN TOUR. 13 now contains about 800 inhabitants, 120 dwelling houses, a new brick court-house, and stone jail, built on an im- proved model, combining security and comfort to the prisoners; a fire-proof clerk’s office; an incorporated academy in a flourishing condition ; 1 banking house > 1 German Reformed, and 1 Methodist church; 6 hotels and taverns; 10 stores and groceries, and 1 printing office. Here is a flouring mill containing four run of stone, situ- ated on a hydraulic canal, which is fed by the waters of the West Canada creek; it is about three miles in length and has two falls, one of 22 feet, and another of 15 feet, affording water power sufficient to propel upwards of 100 run of stone,most of which is still unoccupied, and is one of the most durable and available water powers in the state. The village of Mohawk, situated on the south side of the river, one mile west of Herkimer, is a thriving place of business, through which passes the Erie canal. The village of Frankfort, 9 miles east of Utica, is also situated on the line of the Erie canal, and contains about 500 inhabitants. The City of Utica, situated on the south side of the Mohawk river, is on the site of old Fort Schuyler, 93 miles west of the city of Albany. It was chartered in 1832, and is now divided into four wards, and governed by a common council, consisting of a mayor and 12 aider- men. In 1840, it contained 12,810 inhabitants, about 1,600 dwelling houses, 3 Presbyterian churches, 1 Re- formed Dutch, 2 Episcopal, 4 Baptist, 3 Methodist, 2 Catholic, 1 Universalist, and 1 African church, and 1 Friends meeting house; 1 Protestant and 1 Catholic orphan asylum; 1 public market, 4 banking houses and 1 saving’s bank ; 1 mutual insurance company; 2 incorpo- rated academies, one for males and the other for females;14 WESTERN TOUR. a museum located in the Exchange building; 1 public garden; 15 hotels and taverns, besides several extensive private boarding houses. The July term of the supreme court of the state, the several terms of the vice-chancel- lor’s court for the fifth circuit, one term of the United States district court for the northern district of the state of New-York, and one term of the circuit court for the county of Oneida, are holden in Utica. The office of one of the clerk’s of the supreme court, that of the clerk in chancery for the fifth circuit, of the clerk of the United States court, and of the clerk of the county of Oneida, are located in this city. The New- York State Lunatic Asylum,situated on some- what elevated ground, about one mile west of the centre of Utica, is a noble and imposing structure. The finished building can accommodate upwards of 200 patients. This humane establishment is calculated for the reception of all insane persons in the state, whose friends or county authorities may apply in their behalf. The probable ex- penditure of the state, will be above half a million of dollars, to complete the design of the four buildings, as contemplated by the commissioners appointed by the state authorities. There were, according to the census of 1840, 3,973 lunatics in the state. v In addition to the Erie canal which passes through'f^e centre of the city, the Chenango canal commences at this place, and terminates at Binghamton, in Broome county; the Utica and Schenectady Railroad and the Syra- cuse and Utica Railroad unite at this point, forming two of the principal links in the great chain of railroads, which are completed between the cities of Boston, Al- bany and Buffalo.WESTERN TOUR. 15 The city of Utica is surrounded by one of the finest and richest agricultural and manufacturing districts in the Union, and is a wealthy and flourishing place of business. The Erie canal through the city has been widened to 70 and deepened to 7 feet, and presents a fine appearance from the several beautiful and well constructed bridges which span its breadth. Before the canal was widened, the several bridges were miserable looking structures, so low that boats could but just pass beneath. But now they are raised some six feet higher than formerly, and are really ornaments to the city. The principal hotels in Utica are chiefly situated on Genesee-street, of which the following are the most noted j Bagg’s Hotel or Bleecker House ; American Hotelj Franklin House; National Temperance House, and the McGregor House on Whitesboro’-street. Several daily lines of stages run from Utica, north and south. The following are the arrangements for 1844, or during the summer months : 1. An accommodation coach leaves Utica daily, (Sun- day’s excepted,) atl 8 o’clock, A. M. for Denmark, 62 miles north, where passengers can remain over night and take a stage next morning for Watertown and Sackett’s Harbor, or for Ogdensburgh. 2. The U. S. mail coach leaves daily at P. M. or on the arrival of the cars from Albany, and proceeds directly through to Watertown and Sackett’s Harbor, and via Den- mark to Ogdensburgh. 3. A stage leaves at 1 j P. M. for Binghamton, 94 miles, and connects with stages running to Owego and Mon- trose, Pennsylvania. 4. A stage leaves daily, (Sunday’s excepted,) at 8 A. M., for Hamilton, connecting with a canal packet boat for Binghamton. 5. A stage leaves daily for Cooperstown, 44 miles.16 WESTERN TOUR. 6. A stage leaves every Monday, Wednesday and Fri- day, at P. M. for Ithaca, 96 miles. 7. A stage leaves daily, (Sundays excepted,) at 8 A. M. for New Berlin, and connecting with a stage running to Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania. 8. A stage leaves daily, (Sundays excepted,) at 1^ P, M. for Augusta, via Clinton. Extras can at all times be obtained by those who wish to visit Trenten Falis} or any of the places off the regu- lar stage routes. Trenton Falls, 18 miles northeast from Utica, and on the West Canada creek, in the town of Trenton, are among the most remarkable scenes in our country. The wild, secluded, and primeval aspect of the place serves greatly to heighten the effect of the striking spectacle pre- sented by the stream ; and the whole is so deeply embo- somed in the primitive forest that no token of the long and deep gorge through which the waters rush, is visible till you are on its very brink. Within a distance of about 2 miles there are no less than six distinct cascades, inter- changing with rapids as picturesque as the falls them- selves. The first fall, beginning up stream, is called the Upper Falls, and has a descent of about 20 feet. The river then dashes along its rocky bed about a mile, with a des- cent, in that distance, of about 20 feet more, to the second falls, called The Cascades. A little further down you come to the third fall, called the Mill-dam, from the regu- larity and smoothness of the ledge of rock, about 20 feet high, over which the waters pour. About 40 rods more, bring you to the High Falls. At this place the volume of the stream is separated, by rifts in the rock, into three distinct cataracts, having a perpendicular pitch of more than 100 feet. Here the chasm has become very deep,WESTERN TOUR. IT and the high wooded banks and cliffs of bare rock on each side combine with the cataracts to make a spectacle of wild and savage grandeur. About 70 rods further down you come to the fifth, or Sherman's Falls, having a descent of nearly 40 feet, from the foot of which the stream pours along a less rapidly descending bed to the sixth, or Conrad's Falls, a pitch of some 15 or 20 feet, and soon after, the river, escaping from the deep and dark ravine, flows onward between more sunny banks and through a softer landscape. The chasm for the whole distance, is cut through a vast mass of lime-rock, which abounds with organic re- mains ; and the path which the tourist must take, if he would obtain any adequate conceptions of the scene, is along a narrow shelf of rock near the foot of the high and in some places overhanging precipice, and on the immediate verge of rushing waters. This shelf is so narrow in several places, and so perilous, that it has been found necessary to guard it with a chain supported by iron standards let into the rock; though sad to say, this safe-guard was not furnished, till two inter- esting young females had been lost in the terrible flood. The entire descent of the stream, from the top of the Upper Falls to the foot of Conrad's Falls, is stated at 312 feet. The village of Whitesborough, 3| miles west of IJtica, is situated on the south side of the Mohawk river. This is one of the oldest white settlements in this section of country, and has long been celebrated as a pleasant and attractive place of residence, being surrounded by fertile lands settled by an intelligent and wealthy communi- ty. It was incorporated in 1813, and now contains about 1,800 inhabitants, many of whom are engaged in manu- facturing pursuits; and it embraces within its corporate 218 WESTERN TOUR. limits, a settlement called Yorhville, located on Sada- quada creek, one of the most valuable mill streams in the state. Oriskany, 7 miles west of Utica, is a large manufac- turing place, situated on the Oriskany creek, near its junction with the Mohawk river. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants, 200 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 4 public houses, 4 stores, and 2 large factory buildings, belonging to the 11 Oriskany Manufacturing Company,” which an- nually manufacture into broad cloths and cassimeres about 200,000 pounds of wool, giving employment to about 150 men, women and children. The buildings, grounds and machinery of this establishment cost $200,000. It was here that the battle of Oriskany was fought, one of the bloodiest, in proportion to the numbers engaged, during the whole war of our Revolution, and in which Gen. Herkimer, of German Flats, lost his life. He was on his way with about 800 of the militia of the Mohawk Valley, to the relief of the garrison at Fort Stanwix, when at Oriskany, a deadly fire was opened on him and his corps, by a body of British regulars, lories, and Indians, from an ambuscade in a narrow ravine. The Americans were completely surrounded, but the gallant Herkimer and his brave compatriots maintained the fight for near six hours. Herkimer received his mortal wounds early in the fight, but he kept the field, seated on his saddle placed on a hillock, which gave him a view of the con- test, and from which he calmly issued his orders to the last. This was on the 6th of August, 1777. The village of Rome, 14 miles west of Utica, is situa- near the head waters of the Mohawk, and on the line of the Erie canal, where it is intersected by the Black River Canal Feeder. It was incorporated in 1819, and is a half-shire town with Whitesboro’ for Oneida county ; it'wtrSTteRN Tour. u about 2,500 inhabitants, 350 dwelling houses > *a court-house and jail ; 6 churches, 1 bank, 25 ^tofes, be* sides 1 cotton faetory, 1 flouring mill, 1 saw mill, 1 brew* *ery and 1 blast furnace. ?fiere is located a United States arsenal; and a numbet of work shops. This^laee stands on the site of bid Fort StUnvIix, Which Was siti important military post during5the Revolutionary and French wars. Owing to its natural and artificialadvantages, this village is fast increasing in wealth and numbers. Oneida Depot, 27 miles West of Utica, 26 from Syracuse, is a new settlement where the "train of passen- ger cars usually stops some 10 or 15 minutes. One or two miles south of'the depot is the incorporated village of Oneida Castle, Tear which resides a remnant of the Oneida tribe*