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WILLIAM PHILLIPS, F.L.S. 7, AL, bay Re CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE (envenoGhuie BOCIETY OF SCOTLAND, AND tHE! ee f BIRMINGHAM NATURAL HISTORY AND MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY cf & ty t abs SECOND EDITION LONBON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Lr? 1893 (The rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved.) PREFACE. a ; Tue design of this work -is to provide the English student with the means of acquiring a knowledge of the Discomycetes of Britain. The fifth volume of “ English Flora,” Berkeley’s “Outlines,” and Cooke’s “ Handbook,” each well served this purpose in its time, and I indulge the hope that the present work may be equally useful. No trouble has been spared in verifying and extend- ing microscopic observations of the morphology, for in no instance where an authentie specimen was accessible has the opportunity of examining it been neglected. The readiness with which the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, my lamented friend the late Mr. C. E. Broome, and Dr. M. C. Cooke have entrusted to me some of their unique specimens, calls for my grateful acknowledgment; as does the kindness of the Kew and British Museum authorities, in allowing me at all times ready access to their important herbaria. When Dr. M. C. Cooke became aware of my intention to undertake this work, he not only generously handed over to me the whole of his valuable manuscript notes, vi PREFACE. collected with a view of publishing a new edition of the “ Handbook,” but afforded me at all times his valuable advice and assistance. How far these advantages have been utilized must be left to the judgment of the reader. The subject of classification will not fail to awaken some controversy. As every author has his own views, I may be permitted to have mine. To adhere as closely as possible to the long-accepted Friesian system has been the practice of English authors; but this has been carried a little too far, owing to our “insular prejudices,” and the time has come when a new departure must be made. While avoiding the fondness for innovation displayed by our Teutonic, and indeed, though in a less degree, our Gallic, neighbours, I have retained in the form of subgenera some of their more useful groups. I foresee many objections that can be urged to the method adopted, but prefer to let it stand on its own merits rather than enter here into a lengthened justification. Many of the diagnoses have been altered or added to without reserve, where it appeared to me necessary, and others have been borrowed from one or other of the authors cited in connection with them. Professor Karsten’s “ Mycologia Fennica” and M. Boudier’s “Mémoire sur les Ascobolés” have been of great assist- ance, the former especially in the measurement of sporidia. ‘ The habitats are chiefly those of “English Flora,” Cooke’s “ Handbook,” Berkeley and Broome’s “ Notices of British Fungi,” with such as have come within my own knowledge. To have added those contained in the PREFACE. vil various local floras would have occupied too much space, besides which many of them are too unreliable. My thanks are due to the following gentlemen for much valuable help :—the Rev. W. A.Leighton, Mr. C. B. Plowright, the Rev. J. Stevenson, the Rev. Dr. Keith, Professor James, W. H. Trail, and many others, besides those already mentioned. As errors, in spite of all one’s care, will creep into a work of this kind, I shall take it as an act of kindness on the part of those who will point them out, with the view of correcting a second edition should it ever be called for. WILLIAM PHILLIPS. CanonBury, SHREWSBURY, August, 1887. CONTENTS. Orprr I.—HELVELLACE. Frits. Genus I.—MorcuHetua, Dill... II.—GyYromitra III.—Hexvetta, Fries IV.—VeERPA, Swartz... V.—Loaorta, Fries Subgenus.— Cudonia, Fries VI.—Mireuta, Fries VII.—SpaTHubaria, Pers. VIII.—Lertoetossum, Cooke IX.—Groatossom, Pers. X.—Raurzina, Fries is’ Orpen II.—PEZIZ&. Serres I.—Nvupz ... Genus I.—Pesziza, Dill Subgenus 1.—Acetabula, Fries « 2.—Tarzetta, Cooke 8.—Otidea, Pers. 4,.—Cochlearia, Cooke 5.—Discina, Fries... 6.—Galactinia, Cooke PAGE 19 21 24 26 30 31 34 40 42 43 44 46 51 55 64 69 x CONTENTS. Subgenus 7.—Pustularia, Cooke 8.—Geoscypha, Cooke 9.—Humaria, Fries 10.—Pyronema, Fekl. . Genus JI.—PsiLorezia, Berk. IIJ.—Hymenoscypua, Fries Subgenus 1.—Sclerotinia, Fckl. 2.—Ciboria, Fckl. 8.—Trichoscypha, Cooke ... 4,—Cyathoidea IV.—CHLoRosPLeNIUM, Fries V.—Betonip1um, Mont. and Dur. VI.— He torttum, Fries VII.—Moutist, Fries Subgenus 1.—Niptera, Fekl. 2.—Pyrenopeziza, Fckl. 8.—Dilutella, Phil. 4.—Mollisiella, Phil. ... 5.—Hysteropeziza, Rabh. ... 6.—Pseudo-peziza, Fckl. 7.—Peristomealis, Phil. Series J].—Vestira VIII.—Lacuyea, Fries Subgenus 1. = Ream Fries 2.—Sepultaria, Cooke 3.—Rhizopodella, Cooke 4.—Scutellinia, Cooke 5.—Neottiella, Cooke... IX.—Lacuneta, Fries (in part) ... (Section 1.—Stipitate.) Subgenus 1.—Dasyscypha, Fries (Section 2.—Sessile.} Subgenus 2.—Lachnella, Fries 8.—Fibrina, Fries X.—Tapesia, Fries XI.—Desmazimreva, Lib. XIJ.—Pirorraa, Saccardo PAGE TL 75 82 105 110 111 112 118 126 128 146 148 152 171 172 178 190 198 197 198 201 201 201 202 208 216 217 229 230 231 255 274 276 288 284 CONTENTS. xi Orper IIT.—ASCOBOLEA. Bovp. PAGE Genus I.—Boupimra, Cooke... ae this we 285 II.—Ascosouvs, Pers. is as site 286 III.—Saccosouvs, Boud. ... de re vee 298 IV.—Tusecotueus, Boud. be a a 297 V.—Ryparostus, Boud. ... eae sae wa. 298 VI.—AscorHanus, Boud. ts er si 303 Orprr IV.—BULGARIEA. Fares. Genus I.—Butearta, Fries... a sini .. 814 II.—Vrrissza, Fries os es she 316 TI.—Sramnaria, Fekl. ... sie or ve B21 IV.—Ompropuina, Fries dea ‘it he 822 V.—Cautoria, Fries... a0 ube wa. 826 OrperR V.—DERMATE. F rigs. Genus I—Encaia, Fries ‘ ahs ide 336 Il.—Dermatsea, Fries ... ete wis w. 3839 .II.—Crnaneium, Fries ‘a's iat ‘isi 344 IV.—Tympanis, Fries... a cat we «BSL V.—Crumenusa, De Not. ... see a 856 VI.—Epxe.is, Fries ais acs sae ww. §=858 Orpver VI.—PATELLARIACEA. Friss. Genus I.—Pareniantia, Fries ai 08 wi 359 II.—Heterosprm@eia, Grev. a se -. 87L TlI.—Laqvueartia, Fries see aes wa 372 Ornper VII.—STICTE. Friss. Genus I.—Propotis, Fries aes a is .. 873 II.—Scumirzomra, Fries Bee sale sa 378 III.—Srictis, Pers. axe aie nes o. §=881 xii CONTENTS. Orver VIIL—PHACIDIACEA. Fries. Genus I,—Puacipiom, Fries II.—Trocuia, Fries IIL.—Sreeta, Fries Orper IX.—GYMNOASCEA. Barn. Genus I.—Ascomycss, Mont. and Desm. ADDENDA ; GuossaRy oF TERMS AUTHORS QUOTED ExsiccaTl QuoTED... DescripTion oF PLATES GeneraL INDEX PAGE 387 396 398 3899 406 411 422 436 439 447 ABBREVIATIONS. c.é. = cum icone, with a figure. lc. = loco citato, in the place quoted. exs. = exsiccati, dried specimens. w# = the Greek mu, indicates micromillimetres, one of which = ‘001 mm. = ggtqo Of an inch. ! denotes that the plant has been examined by the author, and seen from the localities named. A MANUAL OF THE BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. DISCOMYCETES. Fries. RECEPTACLE cupulate, applanate, mitrate, stipitate, sessile, or immersed; hymenium superior, more or less “exposed; substance fleshy, waxy, gelatinous, or rarely cartilaginous; asci cylindrical or clavate, containing usually 8 sporidia (rarely 4, 16, 32, or more). Name—From dickog, a disc, and pixne, a fungus. Order I—HELVELLACEI. Fries. Receptacle vertical, stipitate, pileate, mitrate, or clavi- form; bearing the hymenium on the upper surface, which is always exposed; substance between fleshy and waxy, rarely gelatinous. Name—From the typical genus, Helvella. ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA. I. Morchella. Dill. VI. Mitrula. Fries. II. Gyromitra, Fries. VII. Spathularia. Pers. IIL. Helvella. Fries. VIII. Leptoglossum. Cooke. IV. Verpa. Swartz. IX. Geoglossum. Pers. V. Leotia. Fries. X. Rhizina. Fries. B 2 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Key To THE GENERA OF HELVELLACEI Pileus clavate .. oe ve ths ; way ol . Pileus spathulate os aie ar a . Spathularia. Pileus capitate .. os e ais BO Pileus sessile and applanate 3 aa se .. Rhizina. 1. Hymenium confluent with the stem .. ia wi 2 » jf Hymenium and stem black .. .. Geoglossum. “| Hymenium and stem brightly coloured se . Leptoglossum. Pileus covered with deep angular pits ..» Morchella. 3. 4 Pileus covered with deeply folded, undulating ‘ribs .. Gyromitra. Pileus nearly even 3 a ao Pileus deflexed, free, saddle- shaped es ag .. Helvella. 4, 4 Pileus deflexed, free, conical .. ee ee .. Verpa. Pileus globose or subclavate .. ee ae . 5 Pileus globose, margin revolute ‘ Leotia. 5. < Pileus globose or subclavate, margin contiguous with the stem ais a ae ve .. Mitrula, Genus I.—MorcHetua. Dill. Receptacle stipitate, pileate, clavate, globose, or conical ; clothed above by the deeply folded and pitted hymenium ; substance between waxy and fleshy; asci cylindrical ; containing (in British species) 8 sporidia. (Plate I. fig. 1) Large fungi, 2 to 10 inches high, growing on the ground in spring; firm, not soon decaying, with rather a pleasant odour, and esculent. The deep, angular pits on the hymenium readily distinguish them from their allies. Name—Latinized from the German Morchel. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES, A. Pileus adnate at the base. os +. species 1-4 B. Pileus free at the base s:6 oh a9 » 5-6 Kxry To Tur Srxctss. Pileus adnate at the base wn ae se » 1 Pileus partly free ve a e sis wie 1 Stem short Be eve Ss Se a aa eh * | Stem elongated 8 Pileus with BHnEY longitudinal ribs and squarich 2. pits contoa. Pileus without primary longivadinal ribs pits some- what pentagonal ane ae +. esculenta, g, { Pileus subconical, brown we si oe +. orassipes. * ‘| Pileus subglobose, tawny i sit Se +» Smithiana. 4, { Stem very large and pruinose .. ee $8 es gigas. * {Stem smaller and uearly even ., os oi +e semilibera. MORCHELLA. 3 A. PILEUS ADNATE AT THE BASE. 1. Morchella esculenta. (Linn.) Pileus round, ovate, or oblong, adnate at the base to the stem; ribs firm, anastomosing, intervals forming pits; stem even; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20—22 X 10u; paraphyses filiform, slightly thickened above. (Plate I. fig. 1.) Phallus esculentus—Linn., “Sueec.,” 1262; Scheeff., t.199; Bolt.,+.91. Morchella esculenta— Pers., l. c.; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.6; Tratt., “Essb. Schw.,” p. 268, f. EE; Harzer, t. 50; Favre-Guill. 47; Vitt., “Mang,” t. xiv. f. 5, xiii. f. 1-3; Lenz, figs. 64, 65; Rabh., “Krypt. Flo.,” i. p. 382; Hussey,i. t. 13; Badham, t. 12, f. 6; Fries, “ At. Sv.,” t=. 54; Cooke, “Handbk.,” p. 655, ¢. i.; “Mycogr.,” f. 312, 313; Karst. “Myco. Fenn,” p. 32; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 382; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 15, ¢ 1 Exsiccati—Cooke, “Fung. Brit,” ed. i. 645, ed. ii. 181; Fekl, “F. Bh.,” 1243; Karst. “Fung. Fenn.,” 139; Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 1; Rav., “Fung. Car.,” i. 36; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 501; Thum., “Mycoth. Univ.,” 714; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 979. Odour faint, taste grateful. Stem rarely hollow, or, except in the young state, stuffed; one inch long (but very variable); soft, white, squamulose on the surface ; not truly striate, sometimes equal, sometimes attenuate ; pileus more or less ovate, obtuse; ribs frequently anas- tomosing, without transverse ribs; but as regards form, magnitude, and colour, very variable (Fries, l. ¢.). On the earth in spring and summer. Name—E£sculentus, esculent. Blair Athol (Dr. Greville); Castle Rising, Norfolk! Terrington, Norfolk (C. B. Plowright). Witchingham, Norfolk (Mr. F. Norgate). Fotheringhay (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Cambridge (Mr. J. Ball). Audley End (Rev. J. Leefe). Warwick (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Stainton, Cumberland ; Ambrose, Cumberland (Dr. Carlyle). 4 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Var. a. rotunda. Pers. Pers, “Syn. Fung.,” 619; Mich., t. 85, fig. 1.; Gled., “Meth.,” 61, t. 11, f£ a (left-hand lower figure); Sow., t. 51 (left-hand figure) ; Grev., t. 68; Barla, t. 42, f. 1-7; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” f. 313; Gill, “Champ. Icon.” Exs.—Thum,., “ Fung. Aus.,” 313. ; In woods and bushy places, chiefly in a sandy soil, Spring. Esculent. Colour whitish pallid; when dry straw-coloured, or pale yellow. Name—Rotundus, round; from the round pileus. Langholm, in Eskdale; Lugton Wood, near Dalkeith (Lightfoot). Banks of the river Almond at Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). Near Chislehurst (Mr. F. Currey). 2. Morchella conica. Pers. Pileus conical, terete, oblong, adnate at the base; primary ribs longitudinal, obtuse, secondary forming transverse folds ; pits elongated, narrow, plicato-lacunose ; stem subterete, cylindrical, whitish; asci cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic, slightly oval, 20 x 12u; paraphyses enlarged upwards. Morchella esculenta, 8 conica—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 7. Morchella conica—Pers., “Comest.,” 257; Barla, t. 42, f. 8-10; Favre-Guill, 49; Kromb., t 16, f. 7-10; Sv., “Bot.” t. 258; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” f. 315; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 17, c i; Pat, p. 69, £ 160. Morchella ceracea—Kromb., t. 16, f. 11,12. Morchella continua— Tratt., “Austr.” t.6,f11. Morchella rigida—Kromb., t. 16, f. 13, t. 17, f 1-2; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 381. Morchella acumimata—Kickx.; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 17, ci, ss re the ground. Esculent. Three to four inches igh. Name—Conus, a cone; from the cone-shaped pileus, Woods at Westbury, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Near Mansfield, Notts. (Mr. F. Currey). Sluie, Scotland (Rev. Dr. Jas. Keith). Forres, Scotland (Dr. M. C. Cooke), MORCHELLA. 5 Var. a deliciosa. Fries. Pileus subcylindrical, acute; stem short; paraphyses slender. Morchella deliciosa—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 8; Cooke in “Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin.,” x. pp. 440; “ Mycogr.,” f. 320; Kromb., t. xvi. f. 17-19; Quelet, “Champs.,” pt. i. p. 381; Gill, “ Champ.,” p.16,¢.i. Fungus cavernosus—Weinm., “ Herb.,” t. 553, f. 1. Morchella crispa—Kromb., “Schw.,” t. 5, £25, 26. Vitt., “Mang.,.” t. xiv. fi 6. Exs.—M. costata—Kze. and Schm., No. 193. In grassy places. Spring. Esculent. Name—From the French delicieuse, on account of its flavour. Kinburn, St. Andrews, 1878 (Rev. M. L. Anderson). 3. Morchella crassipes. Pers. Pileus subconical, brown, adnate at the base; ribs irregularly undulating, thick; pits large, variable in form, deep, the bottom celluloso-plicate ; stem large, tall, incrassated at the base, lacunose, glabrous, somewhat flesh- coloured ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, yellowish, 24 X 124; paraphyses barely enlarged upwards. Morchella crassipes—Pers. “Syn. Fung.,” p. 621; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” 11. 9; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1939 ; Kromb., “Schw.,” t. 16, f. 1; Harzer, t. 78; Barla, t. 42, f. 11; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 319; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 16, e. i. Phallus crassipes—Ventenant, p. 509, f. 2. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. Attaining a height of 12 inches. Name—Crassus, thick, pes, a foot ; thick stemmed. Kingskerswell, near Newton Abbot, Devonshire (Miss L. C. Lott). Brockley Combe, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 4. Morchella Smithiana. Cooke. Pileus subglobose, tawny, adnate at the base; ribs irregular, undulating, thick ; pits polymorphous, deep, 6 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. plicate at the bottom ; stem large, tall, thickened at the base, hollow, attenuated upwards, sulcate, tomentose, white or flesh-coloured ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic, even, 17—20 X 8—lln; paraphyses slightly thickened above. In a hedgerow. Spring. Esculent. Morchella Smithiana—Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 318 ; “Qrevillea,” xii. 98. Morchella crassipes—Smith in Journal of Botany, 1868, t. 73. A fine, handsome species, reaching a height of 12 and a diameter of 7 inches. Name—After Mr. Worthington G. Smith. Kingerswell, Devon (W. G. Smith). Terrington St. Clements (C. B. Plowright). Malton, Yorkshire (Capt. Taylor). B. PILEUS FREE AT THE BASE, 5. Morchella gigas. Pers. -Pileus conical, free at the base, which is somewhat undulate; ribs longitudinal, anastomosing; pits large, elongated, lacunose within; stem stout, long, enlarged downwards, sulcate, dirty white, covered with ferruginous squamules, hollow; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 22—27 X 12—l6y; paraphyses stout, septate, thickened at the summit. Morchella gigas—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 619; Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,” 11. p. 11 ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 328 ; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1921. Phallus squamosus— Ventenant, p. 511. Phallus gigas—Batsch, “EL,” 131. Phaloboletus esculentus—Mich., “ Gen.,” t.84,f.1. Verpa speciosa—Vitt., “ Mang.,” t. 15, £. 6,7. Morchella patula —Tratt., “Essb. Schw.,” 173, t. FF. Mitrophora gigas —Lev., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1846, p. 250; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 19, ei. : Exs.—Fckl., “F. Rh.,” 2089. On the earth in sandy places. Spring. A large species, attaining a height of 8 inches; the pileus is smoky brown, with prominent longitudinal ribs, MORCHELLA. 7 united by transverse ribs, the intervals forming irregular oblong pits; the height varies from 2 to 3 inches, the width about 2} inches; the stem is hollow, about 1 inch wide at the top, and 24 inches at the bottom, sulcate, coated with rust-coloured squamules. It is said to be _ esculent. Name—yiyac, a giant ; from the large size. Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs. Lloyd Wynn). North Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 6. Morchella semilibera. D.C. Pileus conical, free half-way up; ribs longitudinal, forming oblong pits, which are veined within; stem nearly even; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 22 x 14y; paraphyses scarcely thickened above. Morchella semilibera—D. C., “ Flo. Fr.,” 11, 212; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 10; Vitt.; “Mang.,” t. xiv. figs, 1-4; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 321; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. v. 3881. Morchella patula—Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1940? M. rete—Pers., “Myco. Eur.” i. 205. M. hybrida— Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 620; Grev., t. 89. Phallus rete —Batsch, “EL,” p.131. Phalloboletus esculentus—Mich., “Gen.,” t. 84, £2. Helvella hybrida—Sow., “ Fung.,” t. 238. Phallus patulus—Gled., “ Meth.,” 59. Mitro- phora semilibera—Lev., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1846, p. 250; Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 19, ¢ i. Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ii. No. 861; “ Erb. Crit. Ital.,” i. 270, ii. 289 ; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1417; Desm., “Orypt. Fr.,” i. 424; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 2088; Phil. “ Elv. Brit,,” 51. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. From 23 to 5 inches high; pileus short (about 1 inch), rather acute, lutescent, when dry dirty fulvous; stem whitish. Name—Semi, half, liber, free; the pileus being free from the stem half-way up. King’s Cliffe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Near Darlington (Mr. Robson). Badsey (Mr. Rufford). Richmond, Yorkshire (Rev 8 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. J. E. Leefe). Apethorpe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Orchardleigh, Somersetshire ; Clifton Down, Bristol (Mr, C. Bucknall). Wetherby, Yorkshire (Dr. H. F. Parsons). North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Eaton Constantine, Salop ! (Mr. W. E. Beckwith). Genus I] —Gyromitra. Fries. Receptacle pileate, stipitate, deflexed, bullato-inflated, clothed above by the hymenium ; the ribs of the hyme- nium raised, gyrose, persistent; substance fleshy; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic or elongate-elliptic, smooth (in British species); paraphyses linear. (Plate I. fig. 2.) On the earth. Spring. In the two British species the pileus is somewhat globose, supported by a short stout stem enlarged at the base. They are esculent, and very rare. Name—yupdg, round, pirpa, a turban ; from the shape of the pileus. Sporidia elliptic .. os oo oe . .. esculenta, Sporidia subfusiform .. oe oe oe e+ gigas. 1. Gyromitra esculenta. Fries. Pileus inflated, irregularly undulated, gyroso-rugose, brown; margin annexed to the even villous stem; asci cylindrical ;. sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, biguttulate, 20 X 104; paraphyses thickened and brown above. (Plate I. fig. 2.) Gyromitra esculenta—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 346 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1842 ; “Mycogr.,” fig. 328 ; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 382. Helvella esculenta— Pers., “Comm.,” p. 64; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 16 ; Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” 38; B. and Br., “Ann, Nat. Hist.,” 825. Badham, “ Fung,” ii. t. 12, f. 3-5; Harzer, t. 47 ; Barla, t. 48, £. 12,18; Lenz, fig. 59, 60. Elvela mitra—Scheoff, “Icon,” t. 160, 161. Helvella phalloides—Afz., “ Act, Holm.,” 1783, p. 303. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ii, 264; Rabh., “ Fung. i f foe HELVELLA. 9 Eur.,” 1416; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 2087; Klotzsch, «H. M.,” 188 ; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 526 ; Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” 101. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. The form of the sporidia at once distinguishes this from the following species. In this, they are elliptical, and obtuse at the ends; in that, subfusiform, and almost acute at the ends. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley says, “Gyromitra esculenta, though frequently eaten, is not always safe—a circum- stance which may depend rather on peculiarity of con- stitution than on any intrinsically deleterious property ” (Intellectual Observer, 1866, p. 32). Name—FEsculentus, esculent. : Weybridge Heath, on sandy ground, April (Mr. F. Currey). Forres, Scotland! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 2. Gyromitra gigas. (Kromb.) Pileus large, lobed, undulato-plicate, or curled, pallid, whitish, or ochraceous; lobes sub-adnate to the stem, adpressed, somewhat undulating; stem thick, cellular, waxy, whitish, externally lacunose, subglabrous; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, fusiform, 32 x 10—12n; paraphyses slightly enlarged above. Helvella gigas—Kromb., “Schw.,” iii. 28, t. 20, f. 1-5 ; Currey, “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. t. 25, f. 25; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1943; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 382. Gyromitra gigas—Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 327. On the ground. Esculent. Name—yiyae, a giant; from the large size. Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs. Lloyd Wynn). Black- heath Park (Mr. Frederick Currey). Genus IIL—HEtvewia. Fries. Receptacle pileate, supported by the centre, deflexed, sub-inflated, sinuous, concave, and barren beneath, clothed above the margin by the hymenium; hymenium even, persistent; stem always present, united to the 10 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. centre of the pileus, hollow or filled with a floccose medulla; the adult pileus mitre-form, compressed, lobate, dry, pruinose beneath ; substance waxy-membranaceous ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, smooth; paraphyses linear. (Plate I. fig. 3.) The species vary in size from 1 to 7 inches in height ; they are persistent, but fragile; their odour is not offensive. They grow on the ground or on wood, in spring and autumn. Most of them are reputed to be edible. Name—A Latin name used by Cicero to denote some kind of fungus. ARRANGEMENT OF THE Sprcres. A. Stem stout, suleate .. Ne ee .. species 1-4 3B. Stem stout, nearly even a oe ws » 9o-7 c. Stem slender, even .. xe or i 3 Seid Key To THe Spectres, Stem stout oe i cs a #3 aa I Stem slender es ‘ a ee 2 vx, 2 1 Stem sulcate ae ais ne fe ae ss 3 * | Stem nearly even ae oe 4 Pileus mouse-colour ae = oy fg +. elastica. 2. + Pileus black, cinereous, or fuliginous .. oe fogs By Pileus brown se nt ss Sri a ss 6 Pileus pallid-white ma ee ae ae ++ crtspa. 3. + Pileus brown sc oe oes is Ne «+ subcostata, Pileus cinereous .. oe nr os 3% eo Pileus purplish brown .. oa a oe +. infula. 4. 4 Pileus spadicious sa ai ith ete ++ monachella. Pileus ochraceous ts ie ie . +. guepinioides. 5 Pileus black is es is 6% 6 ee ta, ee * | Pileus fuliginous aye Jk me § pulla. 6 Pileus brown, stem not tomentose a oe Klotzschiana. * ‘| Pileus brown, stem tomentose .. fs si ephippium. Stem fistulose .. se ss a its -. lacunosa. * | Stem stuffed “se ish i +» suleata. A. STEM STOUT, SULCATE, 1. Helvella crispa. Fries, Pileus deflexed, lobed, free, crisped, pallid; stem fistulose, costato-lacunose; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8 elliptic, 18 X 94; paraphyses filiform. : HELVELLA. 11 Helvella crispa—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 14; Berk., “Outl.,” t. 21, fig. 4; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No, 1944; Grev., t. 148; Vitt., “Mang.,” t. 31, f1; Lenz, fig. 57; Badham, t. v. £1; Barla, t. 43, f. 1-5; Price, “TIllus.,” f. 57; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 159; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 388; Gill., “Champ.,” p. 8,¢c.i.; Pat., p.120,£270. H. mitra— Purt., “ Midl. Flo.,” iii. t. 16; Bull, t.466,f 4. H. leuco- phea—tTratt., “ Austr.,” f. 36. Exs.—Fckl., “F. Rh.,” 1242; Berk., “Brit. Fung.,” No. 264; “Erb. Crit. Ital.,” i. 464; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 239; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” i. 555, ed. ii. No. 541. Phil. “ Ely. Brit,” 102, On the ground. Autumn. Esculent. Solitary, large, 3 to 5 inches high; at first sight glabrous. Stem snow-white, becoming yellow in drying, stout, ventricose downwards, sulcato-costate, and lacu- nose ; ribs plane fistulose ; the dissected stem composed of many distinct tubes. Pileus deflexed, inflated, lobed; at first the margin is adnate to the stem, afterwards free, undulate,sinuato-contorted,and crisped. Esculent,savoury (Fries, . ¢.). Name—Crispus, curled, wrinkled; from the wrinkled ileus. "King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Kew Gardens (Sir Joseph Hooker). Beggar’s Bush Lane and Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Hampstead, Din- more, Herefordshire, Epping Forest, and Lyndhurst (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Blackford Bridge, Woodside, and around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). About Shrewsbury and Hereford ! 3. Helvella lacunosa. Afz. Pileus inflated, lobed, cinereous-black ; lobes deflexed, adnate; stem fistulose, costate-lacunose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 10u; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged above. (Plate I. fig. 3.) . Helvella lacunosa—Afz. in “Act. Holm.,” 1783, p. 304; Klotzsch, “Flo. Bor.” t. 883; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” 11. p- 15; Holms.,, “Ot,” p. 45, t. 24; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 12 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. No. 1943; “Mycogr.,” fig. 160; Weberb., t. 5, f 2; Lenz fig. 58; Barla, t. 43, f. 6-11; Quelet, “ Champ.,” pt. i p. 888; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 10, c i; Pat, p. 120, f. 271 H. mitra—-Bull, t. 190, t. 466, f. B; Grev., t 36. H nigra—Berg., “Phyt.,” t. 147. Elvella mitra— Flo. Dan.,” t. 116. FE. nigricans—Scheeff., “Icon.,” t. 154. _ Exs.—“Erb. Crit. Ital,” i. 465; Welw., “Crypt. Lusit.,” 56; Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” No. 265 ; Fekl., “ F. Rh.,” No. 1241; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1810. On the ground in woods, especially on burnt soil Spring and autumn. Esculent. Differs from the preceding, for a variety of which it may easily be taken, by the more regular pileus, 2 to 4 lobed, scarcely laciniate, lobes later becoming free, and especially by the colour. The stature generally smaller, afterwards becomes equally as tall as Helvella mitra, g. pratensis A.and 8. Although, therefore, acute characters are wanting in nature, it is constant; it is also inferior in cooking (Fries, 0. ¢.). Name—Lacunosus, full of holes; from the pitted pileus. Edgbaston (Withering). Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). Near Hereford! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury! King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bungay (D. Stock). North of Ireland (Templeton). Around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Hitchin (Prof. Henslow). Reading and Epping Forest, where it is plentiful and very fine (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Castle Rising and Sandringham, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 3. Helvella sulcata. Afz. Pileus deflexed, lobed, adnate ; stem stuffed, furrowed with equal ribs; asci cylindrical; sporidia elliptic, uni- guttulate, 20 x 10—12u; paraphyses linear, septate, thickened and brown above. Helvella sulcata—Afz. in “Vet. Ac. Handbk.,” 1783 p. 304; B. and Br. “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 764, 1152: Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1946 ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 161 ; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, 15; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 383 ; HELVELLA. 13 Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 10, ¢. i.; Pat., p. 121, £272. H. mona- chella—Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” No. 11. Exs.—Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” No. 11; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 1209. On the ground in woods. Autumn. Esculent? Solitary, rarely gregarious, totally glabrous, certainly distinct from the preceding. Stem stuffed, 2 inches long, 4 to 5 lines thick, terete, attenuated upwards, ploughed by deep longitudinal furrows; ribs slender, solid, not lacunoso- fistulose, as in the preceding; pileus deflexed, equally 2 to 3 lobed, compressed, even, when dry darker, sides of the interior adnate to the stem (Fries, J. ¢.). Name—Sulcatus, made in furrows; from the furrowed ileus. : Andover (B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 764). Glamis, Scotland (Rev. J. Stevenson). Bowwood (Mr. C. E. Broome). Near Hereford! New Pitsligo, Scotland (Rev. J. Fergusson). Kew Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke), 4. Helvella subcostata. Cooke. Pileus deflexed, free, sublobate, even, the under side paler, ribbed, and veined; stem equal, longitudinally ribbed; asci cylindrical; sporidia elliptic, obtuse, uniguttu- late, 18—20 x 10u; paraphysesthickened and brown above. Helvella costata—Afz. in “Herb. Berk.” (non Schweinitz). _ Pileus 24 inches broad; stem 2} inches long. The under side of the pileus has branching ribs, and is quite free from the stem. Name—Sub, somewhat, costatus, ribbed; from the somewhat ribbed pileus. Glamis, Hunter’s Hill (Rev. J. Stevenson). Andover (1856, “ Herb. Berk.”). B. STEM STOUT, NEARLY EVEN. 5. Helvella infula. Scheff. Pileus lobate, deflexed, even; margin adhering very closely to the stem, at length undulate, subcinnamo- 14 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. meous; stem enlarged upwards, stuffed, then hollow, smooth, often here and there irregularly lacunose, pallid, slightly villous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 23—25 X 124; paraphyses clavate at the apices, brown. Helvella infula—Scheff., t. 159; Pers., “Syn. Fung,,” f. 617; A. and S., p. 300; Karst, “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 34; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 17 (part); Barla, t. 43, f. 14-16 ; Lenz, f. 61; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 383 ; “Scott. Nat.,” vi. 122. Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 445; “Erb. Crit. Ital.,” i, 330; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.” 1208. Phil. “Elv. Brit.,” 151. On the ground in woods. Autumn. The Brandon specimens were very variable in form and size: pileus sometimes nearly globose, bullate, and wrinkled, at others expanded, and unequally lobed at the margin; the stem attenuated upwards or in the centre; varying in height from 3 to 7 inches; the para- physes branched, septate, pyriform at the apices ; sporidia furnished with two large guttule, 18—22 X 8u. Probably esculent. Name—In/fula, fillet; from the shape of the pileus. Rothimurchus, Scotland, and Brandon, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 6. Helvella monachella. Fries. Pileus deflexed, lobate, adnate, even, subspadiceous ; stem hollow, even, glabrous, white; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 104; paraphyses clavate, and brown apices. Helvella monachella—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 18; Kromb.,t. xix. f 22-26; Lenz, fig. 62; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 3385 ; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. 1. p. 383; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 10, « i: M. monacella— Port. Hist.” x. « 70. Fungoides—Mich., “Gen.,” t. 86, f. 8. Boletus albus— Batt., t. 2, £ BH. Phallus monachella—Scop., p. 476. B. Helvella spadicea—Scheeff,, t. 283; Pers. “Comm..” p. 113. H. grandis—Cum., “ Act. Tur.,” t. 2. Exs.—Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” No. 11. HELVELLA. 15 On sandy ground in mountain woods. Spring and autumn. Esculent (?). Nearest to the preceding, but well distinguished by the adduced forms and vernal growth. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, attenuated upwards, scarcely 4 an inch thick; at first round, then subcompressed, marked towards the base by a lacuna. Pileus at length crisped and undulate; variable in colour—brown spadiceous, violaceous, nigresceous, etc. (Fries, 1. ¢.). Name—WMonachus, a monk ; diminutive. Old Roar Wood, St. Leonard’s (Mr. F. Currey, in “Kew Herb.”). 7. Helvella guepinioides. Berk. and Cooke. Pileus entire, deflexed, free, ochraceous; stem elon- gated, equal, even, hollow, whitish; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 x 11u; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Helvella guepinioides. Berk. and Cooke in “Herb Berk.” ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 337 ; Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 12, ¢ i. On the ground. Edible (?). “A very singular species, resembling a Guepinia ; hence the name” (Cooke). ; Name—Guepinia, a genus of fungi, cidoe, likeness ; Guepinia-like. C. STEM SLENDER, EVEN. (a) Externally pruinose, furfuraceous, or glabrous. 8. Helvella elastica. Bull. Pileus free, even, inflated, at length acutely lobed; stem elongated, slender, attenuated upwards, pruinose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 x 10—I11y; para- physes filiform, slightly enlarged above. Helvella elastica—Bull., “Champ.,” p. 289, t. 242; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 21; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1947; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 163; Kromb., t. 21, f. 21; Karst. “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 35; Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 333; Quelet, 16 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. “ Champ.,” pt. i. p. 384; Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 13, ¢. i.; Pat., p. 40, £100. H. levis—Berg., “ Phyt.,” t. 149. a. albida. H. albida—Pers. “Syn. Fung,,” p. 616; “Obs. Myco.,” i. p. 71; Schum., “Saell.,” ii. p. 411. 6. pallide fuliginea. A. fuliginosa—Dicks., “ Crypt.,” ii. p. 25; Sow., t. 154; With,, “Arr.,” iv. p. 841; Scheeff, t. 220. ¢ fusca— Bull, Z. ¢. . Exs.—“ Erb. Orit. Ital?’ 233 ; Desm., “ Crypt., Fr.,” i. 425; Berk., “Brit. Fung.,” 266; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” i, 233; Fckl, “F. Rh.,” 137. Slender, 3 to 4 inches high, elastic, pellucid. Stem when young stuffed, becoming fistulose, base incrassated, often irregularly lacunose. Pileus hardly an inch broad, 2 to 3 lobed, frequently orbicular (Fries, J. ¢.). Much resembling in some of its forms Peziza macropus. On the ground in moist places in shady woods. Summer and autumn. Name—From the French elastique. Near Halifax (Bolton). Birdbrooke, Essex (Mr. T. Walford). Madingley (Relham). Hirsel Woods, Berwick- shire (Miss Bell). Ragley Woods, near Pophills, Alcester ~(Purton). Bungay (D. Stock). Milton, Northampton- shire; Reading; Coed Coch, North Wales; Linlithgow (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Monereiffe, Scotland (Rev. J. Stevenson). Rackheath and Colney, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Blackford Bridge, Cumberland (Dr. Carlyle). Woods near Hereford! Wrekin, Salop! Sufton Court! Forrest Walk, Dolgelly ! Bomere, near Shrewsbury ! 9. Helvella atra. Konig. Fuliginous-black ; pileus deflexed, adpressed on both sides, free, even beneath ; stem stuffed, furfuraceo-villous; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 17 x 84; paraphyses slightly thickened at the apices. Helvella atra—Konig., “Zoega. Flo. Isl.” 20; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, 19; Holms., “Ot.,” ii. t. 25; Kromb., HELVELLA. 17 “Schw.,” t. 21, f 18-20; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” f. 167; “ Grevillea,” vi. p. 127; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 384; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 11, ci. Helvella nigrescens—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 617; “Obs. Myco.,” i. 71. Elvela atra —“Flo. Dan.,” t. 584, fi 1. Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,’ 236 ; Fekl., “ F. Rh.,” 1288. In moist woods. Summer and autumn. Solitary, small, similar to H. infula. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, 1 to 2 lines thick, somewhat terete, even or irregularly lacunose, black, olivaceo-cinereous at the base. Pileus deflexed even from the first, not pezizoide (as in H. Pezizoides), compressed, margin forming two lobes, even, becoming slightly repand underneath, and when dry approaching an ashy grey (Fries, J. ¢.). Name—Ater, black ; from the black pileus. Aviemor, Loch Killein, and Loch Laggan, Scotland (Dr. B. White). 10. Helvella pulla. Holms. Pileus deflexed, free, lobed, undulated, fuliginous, underneath and also the middle of the stem nearly naked; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 16—18 x 134; paraphyses thickened above. Helvella pulla—Holms., t. 26; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 20; Cooke, “ Mycoger.,” fig. 338. H. cinerea—Vill. “Delph.,” p. 1045. Fungoides pullum—Mich., “ Gen.,” t. 86, f. 9. On moist ground in woods; sometimes on old rotting trunks of trees. Summer and autumn. LEsculent (?). Medium size. Stem 2 inches long or a little more, terete, somewhat undulated, stuffed, but at length as usual fistulose, fuliginous, base often irregularly lacunose. Pileus 1 to 14 inches broad, lobes deflexed, kidney- shaped, broadly emarginate, when young even, com- pressed ; at length inflated and more undulated than most of the Pezizoidee (Fries, U. ¢.). Name—Pullus, blackish ; from the blackish pileus. King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Cc 18 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 11. Helvella Kloteschiana. Corda. Pileus nearly two-lobed, deflexed, membranaceous, even, opaque, brown, margin repand, even beneath, and yellowish ; stem slender, subcylindrical, pale yellow, clear white within ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniguttulate, 12—14 xX 6u; paraphyses clavate, with brown apices. ae Helvella Klotzschiana—Corda in Sturm., “Flo.,” iii. t. 57; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 168; “Grevillea,” x. p. 51. Helvella elastica—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” No. 180. Exs.—‘ Erb. Crit. Ital.” i. 1387; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 130. Easily known by the yellow stem and under side of the pileus. Name—After J. H. Klotzsch. In the Fernery, Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs Lloyd Wynn). . (b) Externally villose. 12, Helvella ephippiwm. Lev. Pileus deflexed, two to three lobed, free, cinereous villose beneath ; stem cylindrical, even, villose, stuffed; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 x 104; paraphyses thickened and filled with brown granules in the upper part. Helvella ephippiwum—Lev., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1841, p. 240, t. 16, f. 7; B. and Br, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No, 552; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1948; « Mycogr.,” fig. 169; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 18, ¢ i; Pat., p. 168, f. 370. Exs.— Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 1907. Gregarious; smaller than most of the species, rarely exceeding 1 inch high; somewhat resembling H. elastica im a young state, but more velvety on the stem and under side of the pileus. On the ground in woods. Summer and autumn, Esculent (?), VERPA. 19 Name—igirmoc, belonging to a horse; from the saddle-shaped pileus. King’s Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Sufton Court, Here- fordshire ! Thuxton, Herefordshire! Wrekin, Salop ! Coed’ Coch, North Wales. Genus IV.—VErRpPA. Swartz. Receptacle clavato-pileate, supported in the centre, equally deflexed all round, conical, concave beneath, free, entirely clothed above with the hymenium; hyme- nium even or wrinkled, not ribbed, persistent; substance fleshy—membranaceous; stem always present, hollow, nearly distinct from the pileus ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic; paraphyses filiform. (Plate I. fig, 4.) The pileus in this genus is conical, neither inflated nor lobate, nearly even, with the margin pressed to the stem, but free (Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” p. 215). Name—Verpa, a Latin word synonymous with padre. Three species .. oe oe oe os -. 1-3 Key To THE SPECIES. Pileus obtuse at the summit .. oe oe +. digitaliformis. Pileus subacute at the summit és ga ed 1 Stem yellow, equal .. ei we we oe. conica. . (Stem rufus, ventricose .. . oe o. +. rufipes. 1. Verpa digitaliformis. Pers. Pileus campanulate, finger-shaped, rugulose, umber ; stem equal, transversely squamulose; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 283-25 x 20u; paraphyses septate, clavate above, brown, granular within. Verpa digitaliformis—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” 202, t. 7, f. 1-8; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 24; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1949; “Mycogr.,” fig. 364; Berk., “Outl,” t. 21, f. 6; Corda in Sturm., “Flo.” t. 7, 6; Payer, fig. 380; Vitt., Mang,,” t. 15, f. 1-3; Barla, t. 44, f. 1-6; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 880; Gill. “Champ.,” p. 20, ¢ i. 20 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.—Klotzsch, “Myco. Eur.,” 1629; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1113; “Erb. Crit. Ital.,” ii. 340. On hedge-banks. Spring. Pileus at first nearly even, olivaceous-umber, dark at the apex. Stem obese, furnished at the base with a few subrufous radicles, white, with a slight rufous tinge marked with transverse rufous spots; smooth to the naked eye, but under a lens clothed with fine adpressed ‘ flocci, the rupture of which gives rise to the spots, which are, in fact, minute scales. In the mature plant the pileus is ? of an inch high, campanulate, digitaliform, or subglobose, more or less closely pressed to the stem, but always free, the edge sometimes inflexed so as to form a white border, wrinkled, but not reticulated, under side slightly pubescent; sporidia yellowish, elliptic; stem 3 inches high, 4 an inch or more thick, slightly attenuated downwards, loosely stuffed, by no means hollow (“ Eng. Flo.”). N ame—Digitale, a finger-stall, and forma, form; from the shape of the pileus. 2. Verpa rufipes (nov. sp.). Phil. Pileus conical, rugulose, sublobate, umber, whitish and tomentose beneath; stem ventricose, rufus, squamulose, stuffed; asci cylindrical; sporidia, 8, elliptic, faintly coloured, 22 x 134; paraphyses filiform, sub-equal, sep- tate. (Plate I. fig. 4.) i Verpa digitaliformis—Phil, in “Elv. Brit.,” exs.. 0. 52 On hedge-banks. Spring. The pileus is thin, wrinkled, dark umber, and stands well away from the stem; it is nearly white on the under side. The stem is much slenderer at the top than below, and is tinged within, at the base, with the rufus colour of the outside. Height about 14 inches ; broadest part of stem 3 of an inch; pileus 3 of an inch high. This is intermediate between conica and digitaliformis. Name—Rufus, reddish, pes, a foot; from the colour of the stem. LEOTIA. 21 Terrington St. Clement’s, and North Wootton ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 3. Verpa conica. Swartz. Pileus campanulate, nearly even, brown, margin sub- sinuate, yellow beneath, as well as the equal stem; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic. Verpa conica—Swartz, “Vet. Ac. Handl,” p. 136; Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 204; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 24; “Eng. Filo.,” v. p. 185; Berk., “OutL,” p. 359; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1950; Gill., “Champ.,” p. 21. Phallus conicus—‘ Flo. Dan.,” t. 654; Timm, “ Megap.,” p. 263. Leotia conica—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 613. Helvella Relhani—Sow., t. 11. On the earth on heaths. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, even, round, fistulose, slenderer than in V. digitaliformis. Pileus slightly fleshy, cam- panulate (Fries). I have seen no specimen of this, but the characters are so marked that it must be retained. Name—Conus, a cone ; from the shape of the pileus. Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire (Relhan). Doubtfully recorded. Verpa speciosa—Vitt., “ Mang.,” p. 120, t. xv. figs. 5-8; “ Grevillea,” x. p. 51. Berkeley and Bréome record this doubtfully from Coed Coch, in “ Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1922, as follows :—“ Agreeing in size and colour with Vittadini’s figure; but the sporidia are not oblong, so that there is some doubt about the species.” Genus V.—Leot1a. Hill. Receptacle pileate, supported in the centre, orbicular, spreading, revolute at the margin, clothed above and at the margin with the hymenium; hymenium confluent, undulated or even, persistent ; asci fixed, clavate-cylin- 22 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. drical; sporidia 8, oblong, oblong-fusiform or filiform ; paraphyses slender. (Plate IT. fig. 5.) ; ; Stem always present, distinct, wholly diffused into the receptacle. Pileus somewhat irregular, always free from the stem, convex, gradually depressed, tumid, viscous when bearing fruit, soft, margin repand. Sub- stance fleshy, soft, somewhat tremellose. : Gregarious, terrestrial, medium sized, occurring in summer and autumn; without odour, and insipid; not edible (vide Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 25). Name—Supposed to be from Adrn¢, smoothness. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. 4. Eu-Leotia sia sie ais ae -. species 1-2 B, Cudonia a oe . - Key To THE Species. Sporidia filiform .. si = os dis eo. circinans. Sporidia fusiform a a ses ds a {oot exceeding 1 inch in height, stem filiform -» acicularis. *\One to two inches in height, stem stout sin 2 {pune yellowish green .. a8 os es +. lubrica, *\Pileus dark wruginous green .. oe ee +. chlorocephala. A. EU-LEOTIA. I. Leotia lubrica. Pers, Gregarious, somewhat ceespitose, tremellose ; pileus tumid, repand, yellow-olivaceous-green; stem at length hollow, nearly equal, yellow; asci nearly cylindrical ; mono 8, narrowly elliptic, 25 x 8; paraphyses - fili- rm. Leotia lwbrica—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 613; Pers, “Myco. Eur.,” t. ix.; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 29; Berk., “Outl,” t. 22, £1; Grev., “Se Crypt. Flo.,” t. 56; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1964, fig. 327; « Mycogr.,” fig. 171; Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” 26; Fekl., “ Symb. Myco.,” p. 284: Sace., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” p. 162; Kickx., “ Flo, Flan.,” i. p. 500; Crouan, “Flo, Fin.,” p. 59: let. Chao.” pt. i. p. 379. Pp. 59; Quelet, “Champ., LEOTIA. 23 Leotia gelatinosa—Hill, “ Hist.,” 43. Elvela lubrica —Scop., “Carn,” ii. 477. Helvella lutea—Berg., “ Phyt.,” it. 151. H. gelatinosa—BulL, “Champ.,” p. 296, t. 470, £ 2; Sow., “Fung.,” t. 70. Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn..” 461; Schm. and Kze., 224; “Erb. Crit. Ital.” 1 45; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” i. 231; Moug. and Nest., 583; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 714; Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” 29; Fck1, “F. Rh.,” 1138; Rav., vi. No. 77; Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” 255; Rehm., “Aseo.,” 101; Winter, “ Fungi Eur.,” 2405 and 2509 ; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal,” 712; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 136. On the ground in woods. Summer and autumn. Noi edible. Stem from 1 to 2 inches long, granular with minute squamules ; at first pulpy within, then hollow. Name—Lubricus, slimy. Cambridgeshire (Relham). Balmuto, Scotland (Miss Boswell). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Anglesea (Rev. Hugh Davies). King’s Cliffe, Penzance, Bungay, Aberystwith, Wicklow, Crundale (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near Bristol (Mir. C. E. Broome). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Little Malvern (Mr. Edwin Lees). North of Ireland (Templeton). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Shere (Dr. Capron). North Wootton, Castle Rising (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Wrekin, Salop! woods near Hereford ! 2. Leotia chlorocephala. Schw. Cespitose; pileus globose, very glabrous, nearly pellucid, zruginous green; stem very long, twisted, powdered ; asei clavato-cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusi- form, curved, 3-guttulate, 20—-22X5u; paraphyses fili- form. Schw., “Syn.” p. 33; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 30; Berk. and Curt., “Grevillea,” iii. p. 149; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 174; B. and Br, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1985; “ Grevillea,” xi p. 15. Variable in size, reaching 4 inches in height; the 24 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. pileus and stem dark eruginous green. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley says the tint of green is so dark that it is nearly black. On the ground. Not edible. Name—yAwpéc, green, xepad7, a head. Hampshire (Miss Broadwood). Form Stevensoni. Berk. Short, densely czespitose; pileus and stem green. B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 1827. Steven., “Myco. Scot.,” p. 297. On damp ground in woods. Name—After the Rev. John Stevenson. Glamis, Hunter’s Hill (Rev. J. Stevenson). B. CUDONIA, Fries. 8. Leotia circinams. Pers. Gregarious, somewhat czspitose, or arranged in circles; pileus fleshy, convex, afterwards undulate; margin involute, nerves underneath running down into the stem ; stem fistulose, somewhat powdery; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, cylindrical, or clavate, straight or curved, multi-guttulate, 50—60 x 3u; paraphyses filiform, curved at the apices. (Plate IT. fig. 5.) Leotia circinans—Pers., “Comm.,” p. 31; “Icon. et Deser.,” p. 16, t. 5, figs. 5-7; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 27 ; Steven., “ Myco. Scot.,” p. 297 ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” f. 172. Cudonia circimans—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” 332; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 25. Leotia gracilis—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.” 1 198. Helot circinans—Swartz, “Vet. Ac. Handl.,” 1812, p. 15. Helvella revoluta—Wahl, “ Ups.,” p. 464. Leotia lutea—Peck (sub. Vibrissea) in “ Reports New York Museum”; Cooke in “Bullet. Buff §. N. Se.,” ae Cudonia circinans—Quelet, “ Champ.,” pt. ii. p- 880., Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 158; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 38, 312; Fekl., “ F. Rh,,” No. 1139, LEOTIA. 25 On the ground in fir woods. Autumn. Not edible. Named from its habit of growing in circles. The pileus is of a soft fleshy consistence, somewhat rotund, at times much undulated, variable in colour with age and dryness, pallid-yellow, sometimes with a fleshy tinge; stem 1 to 2 inches high, } of an inch thick, crooked, often sulcate, solid or fistulose, expanding up- wards into the pileus. Name—Cirecino, to make round; from growing in Forres, Scotland! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Aviemore, Scot- land ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Glamis, Crane’s Hill, Scot- land! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Menmuir, Scotland (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 4, Leotia acicularis. Pers. Gregarious or scattered, small, milk-white; pileus waxy, fragile, undulate-convex, margin straight, under side granulose; stem simple or branched, becoming crooked, discoloured ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, biguttulate, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 25-28 x Aus paraphyses filiform. Leotia acicularis—Pers., “ Obs.,” ii. p. 20, +. 5, fig. 1; t. 6, figs. 1, 2. Fungus minimus——Ray., “Sy n., # Pp. 12 ; “ Hist.,” iii. p. 24. Helvella acicularis—Bull., ic Champ. p- 296, 't 473, £1. Helvella agariciformis—Bolt., i rae t. 98, f. 1; Sow., “Fung.” t. 57. Helotiwm aciculare— Pers., “ ‘Syn. Fung.,” 677; “ Myco. Eur.,” 343 : Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” li. p. 156; A. and 8., 349. Peziza acicularis— “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 208, Berk., “OutL,” 371, Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2129 ; Steven. “ Myco. Scot., x p. 328. Cudonia Queletii—Fries, “Teon. Select.,” fas. vi.; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 380, Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 23, ¢. i. Leotia dag eam a Mycogr.,” ‘fig. 369. Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” No. 400 ; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 1210. On decayed stumps of trees, near the ground. Autumn. Varying from }4 an inch to 1 inch or more high, 26 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. white, pallid, or rufescent ; the pileus at first plane, with a slight depression in the centre, then convex, the margin sometimes undulating, but generally straight; the stem slender, bent, occasionally branched. Name—Acieula, a small pin; from its form. Near Halifax (Bolton). Pophills (Mrs. Rufford). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Homstock Wood, King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright), Attingham Park, Salop ! Almond Park, Salop! Ercall Hill, Salop! Doubtful Species. Leotia nédma—With. (dwarf Leotia). Small; pileus lobed, rugose, white, even beneath, and brown; stem stuffed, cylindrical, white. Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 28; With., iv. p. 296. Amongst moss, on a shady bank. Pendarvis, Cornwall (Mr. Stackhouse). “Pileus snowy-white, leathery, hard, crumpled and deflected in various forms, smooth and brown under- neath, about 3, of an inch over; stem white, solid, smooth, not at all wrinkled, } of an inch high, thick as a crow-quill ” (With., /. ¢.). This was included in Berkeley’s “ Outlines,” but ex- cluded from Cooke’s “ Handbook.” It is placed here on the chance of some plant being discovered answering to the description. Genus VI.—Mirrua. Fries. Receptacle globose or oval, even, immarginate, concrete with the stem; substance fleshy; asci cylindrical, or oe clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline. (Plate IT. g. 6. Small slender plants, of which there are but six species (now that Dr. Cooke has created the genus Leploglosswm), four of which are British, and are dis- tinguished from Leotia by having no decided margin to the receptacle, from Leptoglosswm by the broader and shorter capitulum, and from Spathularia by the capitu- lum not being compressed. MITRULA. 27 On decaying vegetable matter on the ground in damp places. Spring and autumn. Whether edible or not is unknown. Name—Diminutive of pérpa, a little mitre. Three species ae o. ae Se ois - 13 Key To THE SPECcIEs. Totally white .. ae si a oe -. alba. Stem paler than the pile . paludosa. Stem as dark or darker than the pileus 2 : ne cucullata. 1. Hitrula cucullata (Batsch). Fries. Head ovate or conical, even, nearly ferruginous ; stem filiform, flexuous, brown, approaching black, glabrous, or tomentose downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, bi- or tri-guttulate, 12 x 3u; para- physes filiform. Elvella cucullata—Batsch., “EL,” f. 152. Mitrula cucullata—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan,” 347; Berk., “QOutL,” 360; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 1951; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 28; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 332; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 176; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. 1, p. 378; Gill, “Champ.” p. 27,c.i. Mitrula (Heyderia) abietis— Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 4938. M. Heyderi—Pers., “Disp.,” 56, t. 3, f 12; “Flo. Dan,” t. 1670, f. 2. M. Pusilla—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 493. Leotia mitrula —Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” 611; “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 199; A. and S., 295; Grev., “Flo. Edin.” p. 416; “Se. Crypt. Flo.,” t. 81. L. pusilla—Nees, “Sys.,” p. 173, t. 17, £. 160. Geoglossum cucullatum—Fries, “ Elench.,” i. 233; “Eng. Flo.,” v.179. Clavaria ferruginea—Sow., t. 84. Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” i. 1155; “ Erb. Crit. Ital.,” i. 466 ; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 37, 669 ; Kze. and Schm., 98 ; Fekl., “F. Bh.,” 1237; Wartm. and Sch., 481; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” 233; Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” 254; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 53; Karst, “Fung. Fenn.,” 447; Roumg., “Fung. Gal,” 713. -On decaying pine-leaves, Autumn. A small plant, not more than 2 inches high, very slender, gregarious. The head varies in form, being ovate, 28 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. globose, subclavate, or conical, of a yellowish red or pale cinnamon colour, and fleshy texture; the stem is rather firm, darker in colour than the head, even, solid, and flexuous. Name—Cucullus, a hood; from the shape of the ileus. e Balmuto, Scotland (Miss Boswell). Near Norwich (Sowerby). Bungay (D. Stock). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Castle Rising, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Joydens Wood (Mr. F. Currey). Linlithgow; Hunslow, Middlesex (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wrekin, Salop! Penicuick, near Edinburgh ! 2. Mitrula paludosa. Fries. Head ovate, obtuse, inflated, even, yellow or orange yellow ; stem rather slender, straight or flexous, hollow, paler than the head; asci subcylindrical; sporidia 8, nearly fusiform, 12—14 x 3:54; paraphyses filiform. (Plate IT. fig. 6.) Mitrula spaludosa—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. 491; “Summa Veg. Scan.,” 346; “Eng. Bot.,” v. p. 180; Berk., “Outl,” p. 360; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1952; Huss., “Myco.,” i. t. 9; Karst, “Myco, Fenn,” p. 28; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” 332; Kickx., “ Flo. Flan.,” i. 501; Crouan, “Flo. Fin,” 58; Cooke, “Mycogr.” fig. 175; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 378; Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 27, ci; Pat., p. 39, £ Y7 (spor. bad). Clavaria phalloides—Bull., “Champ.,” t. 465, £3. C. epiphylla—Dicks., “Crypt.,” t. 3, £10. Leotia Ludwigii—Pers,, “Syn. Fung.,” t. 3, f. 13. L. Dicksonii, L. Bulliardi, L. laricina—Pers., “Syn. Fung,” 612. L. uliginosa—Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo.,” t. 312; Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” i. 200. Exs.—Klotzsch, “ H. M.,” 238; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i. 606; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” 182; Fekl., “F. Rh.,” 1286; Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” 278; Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 2; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 24; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2844; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 601; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 433. On decaying leaves in wet places. Spring to autumn. Qualities unknown. MITRULA. 29 Gregarious, czspitose, or solitary, soft, glabrous hollow, rather brittle, 1 to 3 inches in height ; head very variable in form, globose, ovate, or broadly clavate ; summit generally obtuse, bright orange yellow, filled when young with silky filaments, which disappear with age, leaving it hollow; stem white, varying from a yellowish to a pinkish tinge, enlarged upwards, even, and crooked. Name—Palus, a marsh; found in marshes. Kames Castle, Isle of Bute (Dr. Greville). Pitlochrie (Dr. Thomson). Penzance (Mr. Ralfs). Aboyne, New Pitsligo (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bournemouth; St. George’s Hill, Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Keston Common; Horsham ; Penicuick (Dr. M. C. Cooke). North of Ireland (Templeton). Baldovan Woods (Gardener). North Wootton, Norfolk (Dr. John Lowe). Trefrew, North Wales! Capel Curig, North Wales! Llyn Ogwin, North Wales! 3. Mitrula alba. Wor. Smith. Head globose, even, white; stem stuffed, white; asci cylindrical ; sporidia lanceolate, hyaline, eguttulate, 16 xX 3u. ahaa alba—W. G. Smith, “Grevillea,” i. p. 136, t. 10, lower figure ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 177. Differs entirely from M. paludosa, Fries, in colour, and especially in the globose head and stuffed stem (W. G. Smith, 7. ¢.). Amongst submerged leaves. April, 1877. Name—Albus, white. East Budleigh, Budleigh Salterton (Mr. Cecil H. Sp. Perceval). Excluded Spectes. Mitrula minuta—Sow. (small orange Mitrula). Very minute ; receptacle lanceolate, orange ; stem equal, pallid. Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 492. Clavaria minuta— Sow., t. 391. On the bractez of Dipsacus pilosus. Rayleigh, Essex (Rev. R._B. Francis). 30 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. I have not been able to find specimens in Mr. Sowerby’s collection; possibly it may be a state of Pistillaria micans (“ Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 180). Genus VII.—SpaTHubaria. Pers. Receptacle vertical, compressed laterally, running down two opposite sides of the distinct stem ; substance fleshy-membranaceous ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, filiform, hyaline; paraphyses filiform. (Plate II. fig. 7.) The one British species of this genus is easily dis- tinguished from plants of other allied genera by the hymenium running down two opposite sides of the stem, assuming a spoon-like outline owing to its being laterally compressed. Some species of Leptoglossum and Geo- glossum are compressed, but the hymenium entirely surrounds the stem. Name—Diminutive of orn, a spatula. 1. Spathularia flavida. Pers. Head spathulate, compressed, nearly even, yellow; margin crisped or undulated; stem white; asci clavate; sporidia 8, acicular-filiform, multi-cuttulate, 60—70 x 6 ee ; paraphyses filiform, branched, numerous. (Plate II. g. 7. Spathularia flavida—Pers., “Comm.,” p. 34; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. 491; Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo.,” +. 165 : “Eng. Flo,” v. p. 179; Price, t. 5, £ 34; D. G, “Flo. Fr,” ii. 95; Berk., “Outl.,” t. 21, f..7; Cooke, “ Handbk..” No. 1958, fig. 826; Kromb., t v. f. 22; Karst., “ Myco. Fenn,.,” 27 ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 342; Gill. « Champ.,” p. 26, ¢ i, Elvella clavata—Scheeff, t. 149. Clavaria spathulata— Flo. Dan.,” t. 658; Schmidt, “Icon.,” +, 50. Helvella spathularia—Sow., “ Fung.,” t.35. H. feritoria —Bolt., t. 97. Spathularia flava—Swartz, “Vet. Ac. Handl.,” 1812, p. 10. 8. erispa—Corda, “Icon.,” ii. 36 f. 125. 8. flavida—Fekl., “Symb. Myco.” p. 333, Exs.—Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” 28; Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ii. 455; Rabh., “Fung. Eur,” ii. 126; Wartm. and Schw., LEPTOGLOSSUM. 8l 215; West and Wall, “H. B.,” 1085; Schm. and Kze., 194; Berk, “Brit. Fung.” 257; Fekl, “Fung. RBh.,” 1148 ; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.” i. 470; Klotsch., “ H. M.,” 815; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 426; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.” 3; Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” 425; Roumg., “Stirpes,” 326. On dead fir-leaves and amongst moss in damp woods. July to October. Gregarious, 3 to 5 inches high; pileus hollow, yellow, rarely reddish, much compressed, more or less of an erect obovate form, slightly inflated, undulated, or even lacunose, sometimes bifid, or inclining to be lobed. The stem appears to pass along and eventually penetrate the pileus half-way down or near the summit; sporidia dis- charged elastically (Grev.). Name—Flavus, light yellowish. Costessey, near Norwich (Sowerby). Round Edin- burgh (Dr. Greville). Malvern (Mr. Edwin Lees). Lax- ton, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wey- bridge, East Bergholt (Mr. Frederick Currey). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Dinmore, Herefordshire! woods near Ludlow (Mrs. Price). Invergordon, Scotland (Miss Joss). Dinedor, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Near Carlisle! (Dr. Carlyle). Castle Rising, Norfolk! (Mr. C, B. Plowright). Genus VIII.—,Lertoctossum. Cooke. _ Receptacle clavate, cylindrical, or compressed, brightly coloured, produced downwards into a distinct stem ; hymenium concrete with and covering the incrassated upper portion; asci cylindrical or clavate ; sporidia 8, hyaline. (Plate I. fig. 8.) ; Leptoglossum—Cooke in “ Mycogr.,” p. 250, revised in litt. The plants of this genus are distinguished easily from those of Geoglossum (Cooke; non Fries), by the brighter colour (never black). Name—Aemrée, fine, yAwooa, tongue; resembling a slender tongue. 32 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Key To THE SPECIES. Hymenium eruginous green .. “es ‘sca ws viride. Hymenium smoky olive or dingy purple oe .. olivaceum. 1. Leptoglossum viride. (Pers.) Fasciculate, verdigris-green ; receptacle distinct ; stem squamulose ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, hyaline, 15 x 54; paraphyses filiform, hardly enlarged upwards. (Plate II. fig. 8.) : Geoglossum viride—Pers., “Comm.,” p. 40; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. 48; Weinm., “Hym.,” p. 498; Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo,” t. 211; Sturm, “Flo,” t. 48; Nees, “ Sys.,” t. 17, p. 158; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 179; Berk, “OutL,” p. 361; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1956 ; “ Mycogr.,” tig. 14; Kickx., “Flo. Flan.,” i. 501; Seer., “ Mycogr.,” iii. 621; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” 284; Quelet, “Champ.,” p. 377; Pat., p. 29,£66. Mitrula viridis-—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” i. 29. Clavaria mitrata viridis—Holms., “ Ot.,” p. 24 C. viridis—“Flo. Dan.,” t. 1258, f. 1. C. Ser- pentina—Mul.., “ Zool. Dan.,” p. 256. Leotia geoglossoides —Corda, “Icon.,” iii. p. 37, t. vi. f£. 94. Microglossum viridi—Gill,, “Champ.,” p. 26, ¢. i. Exs.—Feckl., “F. Rh.,” 1140; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 151; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 524 and 1625; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i, 423 ; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 449; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 395; Phil. “Ely. Brit.,” 54. On the ground in woods, amongst moss and decaying leaves. Autumn. Qualities unknown. From 1 to 3 inches high; about 4 of an inch in broadest part. The club-shaped head is generally obtuse at the summit, and terminates abruptly and unevenly at the base, occupying about one-third to one-half the entire length of the plant, not unfrequently compressed, glabrous, and, when wet, slippery; the stem is cylindrical, squamulose, rather paler than the head; the flesh is also green; the asci are narrowly clavate; the sporidia elliptic-oblong ; paraphyses abundant; gelatina hymenia greenish. The sporidia in my Herefordshire specimens did not exceed the size given above, but Ur, Cooke (“ Mycogr.”) gives 30 x 10u. LEPTOGLOSSUM. 33 Name—Viridis, green. Near Melrose (Mr. Walter Arnott). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Coed Coch; Holm Lacy; Bristol ; Aberyst- with ; Kilmory, Fern, N.B. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Corby Castle, Cumberland, and about Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Tyntesfield, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Dinmore, Hereford! Moccas Woods, near Hereford! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 2. Leptoglossum olivacewm. (Pers.) Glabrous, dry, smoky olive; stem glabrous, yellowish brown, base slightly incrassated, whitish; club com- pressed, distinct, as long or longer than the stem, in growing old greenish black, white within; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, hyaline,. con- tinuous, 25 x 84; paraphyses filiform. Geoglossum olivaceum—Pers., “ Obs. Myco.,” i. p. 40, t. 5, fig. 7; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”i. p. 419; Weinm., “ Hym.,” 498; Berk., “Outl.,” t. 22, £3; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1957; “Mycooer.,” fig. 13; Pat., p. 29, f 65; Price, t.16,f£102. Microglossum olivacewm—Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 26,e 1 Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” i. 650, and ed. ii 396; Phil, “Ely. Brit.” 5; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1820. On the ground in open grassy places. Autumn. Gregarious or cespitose, from 14 to 2 inches high. The club, though distinct from the stem, passes gradually into it without any marked depression ; it is compressed, sometimes sulcate, and twisted, very variable in outline, about } of an inch thick. The stem is cylindrical, usually paler than the club, one-third to three-quarters of the entire height, } of an inch thick. Name— Oliva, an olive; from the olivaceous colour. B. purpurewm—Berk. in “Outl,” t. 22, f 2, differs only in colour, which is dingy purple; but, as the colour of the type is very variable—brown, olive, or purple—it is better to take no account of these differences, further than calling attention to the fact. Name—Purpureus, purple-coloured. 84 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Coed Cdch, Aberystwith, North Wales; Fern, N.B. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Pastures near Ludlow! Moccas Park, Herefordshire! Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Holm Lacy, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Genus IX.—GEoaLossum. Pers. Receptacle clavate, cyclindrical or compressed, black, produced .downwards into a distinct stem; hymenium concrete with and covering the incrassated upper por- tion ; asci cyclindrical or clavate; sporidia 8, coloured or hyaline. (Plate II. fig. 9.) Name—yj, the earth, yAwoaa, a tongue ; earth-tongue. ARRANGEMENT OF THE Sprciss. 4. Sporidia brown oe a ze .» species 1-5 B. Sporidia hyaline » 67 Key To THE SPECIES. -Hymenium hairy a fe ae ae -. hirsutum, Hymenium glabrous ve ss fe ts Sporidia brown, 7-septate L ae eed ie 1. {Sporidia brown, 3-septate Ba ss Es «nie Sporidia hyaline .. as Ss ey - - 4 Paraphyses linear x os xe es +. difforme. *\Paraphyses moniliform .. ae os es +. glabrum. 3 {Penson pyriform.. 7 as ec +» glutinosum. . * \Paraphyses globose we és a ae .. viscosum, 4 (Pak tremellose tremellosum. "\Flesh not tremellose microsporum. A. SPORIDIA BROWN. 1. Geoglossum hirsutum. Pers. Hirsute, black ; club often elongated, compressed, or nearly round, capitate, plicate; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fasciculate, linear, slightly curved, 15-septate, brown, 150 x 64; paraphyses septate, slightly enlarged at the curved or circinate apices. (Plate II. fig. 9.) Geoglossum hirsutwm—Pers., “ Comm.,” p. 87; “Syn. Fung.,” p. 608; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i, 488; Weinm., “Hym.,” 496; Nees, “Sys,” t. 17, £ 157; Purt., “ Midl. Fle.,” vols. ii, and iii. No. 1059; Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo.,” GEOGLOSSUM. 35 t. 185; “Eng. Flo,” v. 178; Berk. “Outl,” t. 22, f. 12; Loudon, f. 16184; Cooke’s “ Handbk.,” No. 1861; “Mycogr.,” fig. 3; Karst. “Myco. Fenn.,” i. 31; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” 333; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 24, ¢ i; Pat., p. 29,£68. Clavaria simplex hirsuta—Schmidt, “Icon.,” t. 25, f 1-19. C. ophioglossoides—Holms., “ Ot.,” p. 18; Sow., “ Fung.,” t. 13; Scheeff., “Icon.,” t. 327. C. atra— Schrad. in Pers., “Comm.,” p. 37; Humb., “Flo. Frib.,” p. 114. Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 451; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1141; West and Wall, “H. B.,” 1084; “Erb. Crit. Ital.,” i, 975; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i. 420; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” ii. 523; Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” 237; Schm. and Kze., 122; Klotzsch, “H. M,” 44; Roumg., “Stirpes.,” 63; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 393 Cespitose, 2 to 3 inches high; club oblong or ovate, generally compressed, distinct from, but passing gradu- ally into, the stem, often 4 an inch broad, black, hairy ; stem cylindrical, ,', to ,3; of an inch thick, covered with short black hairs. The sporidia are elongated, nearly cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, brown, septate. The paraphyses are septate, curved at the apices, which are obtuse, brown, and thicker than the lower portion. Rigid black hairs tapering upwards are intermixed with the paraphyses. “Name—Hirsutus, hairy. Bryndulas, Cwm Bychan, Penzance, Thornhaugh, Notts, Reigate, and Brighton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Abergavenny (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Foxhall (Herb. Kew). North Wootton; Rack- heath; Little Plumstead; and Woodbastwick, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Lawns near Hereford! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury! pastures about Ludlow! 2. Geoglossum difforme. Fries. Gregarious, glabrous, even, slightly viscid, black; club difformed, compressed, obtuse, distinct; asci cylin- draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, linear, straight, or slightiy 36 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. . curved, 7-septate, brown, 110 x 7u; paraphyses filiform, septate, flexuous above. eos Geoglossum difforme—Fries, “Obs. Myco.,” 1. 159; “ Sys. Myco.,” i. 489 ; “ Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 178 ; Kromb., t. 54, f. 28, 29; Berk. “Outl,” 362; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1962; “Mycoer.,” fig. 7; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” i. 31; Price, t. 18, f£ 117; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 25, ¢ i. Exs.—Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” 256; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 481, ed. ii. 394. On the ground in grassy places. Autumn. Ceespitose, 1 to 4 inches high; club difformed, bent, irregular, somewhat viscid, especially when moist, with-. out hairs, black ; stem one-half to three-quarters of the entire height of the plant, cylindrical, even; the brown, elongated, nearly cylindrical sporidia ‘adhere in bundles ; the septate paraphyses are not enlarged at the apices, nor very deeply coloured. Distinguished from G. Glabrum by its longer sporidia, and the apices of the sporidia not being moniliform; from G. glutinosum by its longer sporidia, and paraphyses not being pyriform at the apices; and from G. viscosum by the more numerous septa-of the sporidia and the apices of the paraphyses. Name—Dis and forma, of irregular shape, deformed. Boughton House, Northamptonshire; Bristol; Wood- newton; Lampeter; Bungay; and Bryndulas (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Fern (Rev. J. Furguson). North Wootton, Ringstead Downs! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Crosshill, near Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Wrekin, Salop! lawns near Hereford ! 3. Geoglossum glabrum. Pers. Subgregarious, glabrous, dry, blackish; stem some- what squamulose; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, straight, or slightly curved, 7-septate, brown, 85—90u long; paraphyses linear, thickened at the apices, the four upper cells oval, concatenate, Geoglossum glabrum—Pers., “Obs. Myco.,” ii. p. 61; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i 488; Weinm., « Hym.,” 497 ; GEOGLOSSUM. 37 “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 178; Krombh., t. 5, f. 20, 21; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” 333; Berk., “Outl.,” 362; Price, t. 3, f£. 17; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1960; Kickx., “Flo. Flan.,” i. 501; Seer., “ Mycogr.,” iii. 621; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 25, c.1.; Pat. p. 29, £67. Clavaria ophioglossoides—Bull., “Champ.,” t. 372; Bolt., “Fung.,” t. 211, f. 1; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1076, f. 2; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 1. Exs.—Feckl, “F. Rh.,” 1142; Schm. and Kze., 97; Moug. and Nest., 684; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 55; Roumg., “ Stirpes,” 262; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 980. On the ground in grassy places. Autumn. Gregarious, 1 to 3 inches high; club lanceolate, passing gradually into the even stem, blackish; stem rather slender, crooked, cylindrical, half to two-thirds the entire height of the plant, rather squamulose; sporidia cylin- drical, rounded at the ends, brown, usually 7-septate, adhering together in a bundle; paraphyses remarkable from the four or five upper cells being larger, constricted at the joints, almost beaded, and brown. Name— Glaber, smooth. Near Halifax (Bolton). Scotland (Klotzsch in “ Hook. Herb.”). Near Bungay (Mr. Stock). Malvern (Mr. Edwin Lees). North ot Ireland (Templeton). Wood- newton, Northamptonshire; Coed Coch; Crundale; Ascot; Holm Lacy ; and Memmuir (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twycross (Rev. A Bloxham). fPaul’s Cray Common (Mr. F. Currey). Castle Rising! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Abergavenny! (Mr. J. Renney). Whitcliffe, near Lud- low! Wrekin, Salop! 4. Geoglossum viscosum. Pers. Glabrous, viscid, black; club cylindrical, confluent with the stem, afterwards slightly thickened, olivaceous- black below ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, rounded at the ends, straight, or slightly curved, 3-sepiate, brown; 80 X 954; paraphyses filiform, non-septate, globose apices. Geoglossum viscoswm—Pers., “Comm.,” p. 59; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. 439; “ Epic,” i. p. 583; Grev., “Se. Crypt. 38 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Flo.,” t. 55; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1959; Fekl.,“Symb. Myco.,” 333; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 10; Gill., “Champ.,” p. 25,64 On the ground, mountain pastures, ete. Autumn. Subgregarious, 2 to 3 inches high; club broadly fusiform, obtuse at the apex, passing imperceptibly into the stem, black, rarely forming more than one-fourth of the entire height of the plant; stem rather slender (about 4 of an inch), glabrous, cylindrical, slimy, espe- cially in moist weather, paler towards the base, where it is brownish. The globose apices of the paraphyses is a eharacter which at once distinguishes this species from @. glutinosum and G. difforme. Name—Viscum, bird-lime, coated with a tenacious liquid, sticky. Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Terrington, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 5. Geoglossum glutinosum. Pers. Glabrous, black; club compressed, distinct, nearly lanceolate, obsoletely viscid, black; stem viscid, bay- black ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, sessile ; sporidia 8, linear, straight, or curved, 3-septate, brown; 80 long; para- physes filiform, non-septate, apices subpyriform, brown. Geoglossum glutinoswm—Pers., “Obs,” i. p. 11; Fries, “Sys. Myco,” i, 489; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 178; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” i 30; Weinm, “ Hym.,” 497; Berk., “Outl,” 362; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1958 ; “Mycogr.,” fig. 6; Kickx., “Flo, Flan.,” i. 501; Gill. “Champ.,” p. 25, ¢. i. Exs.—Klotasch, “Exs.,” 641; Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” i. 422; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” No. 450. ; On the ground in grassy places. Autumn. Gregarious, 1 to 2 inches high ; club oblong-lanceolate obtuse at the summit, viscid, compressed, black, oceupy- ing rather more than one-third of the entire height of the plant, passing imperceptibly into the viscid, slender cylindrical stem, which is brownish black. The sporidia adhere in a bundle, are generally 3-septate, brown ; GEOGLOSSUM. 39 apices of paraphyses nearly pear-shape, brown, and not septate. Name—Gluten, glue = glutinous. Bristol, Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Hanham Woods, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Mousehold Heath and South Wootton Heath, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Hanham (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). B. SPORIDIA HYALINE. 6. Geoglosswm microsporwm. Cooke and Peck. Glabrous, somewhat viscid; club obtuse, distinct ; stem slightly squamulose; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, 2-seriate, crowded, cylindrical, a little curved, hyaline, faintly 7-septate, 50 x 104; paraphyses filiform, straight, not enlarged at the apices. : Geoglossum microsporum—Cooke and Peck,“ Twenty- fifth Report New York Mus. Nat. Hist.”; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 11. On the ground. Autumn. Name—pixpéc, small, odpoc, seed; from the small sporidia. Hanham, Clifton! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 7. Geoglossum tremellosum. Cooke. Glabrous, tremellose, black, contiguous; club sub- compressed, hollow ; stem even, glutinous, the same colour ; asci clavate; sporidia fusiform, straight or curved, hyaline, 30—32 X 5u, at length 5 to 7-septate; para- physes linear. Geoglossum tremellosum—Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 347. Geoglossum microsporum, var., tremelloswm—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 109. On the ground. Name—Tremulus, trembling; from shaking when agitated. Rannock, N.B. (Dr. Buchanan White). 40 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Genus X—Raurzina. Fries. Sessile, effused like a crust, afterwards bullato-inflated, determinate, hymenium occupying the upper surface; under side furnished with root-like fibrils; flesh firm, persistent ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, large. (Plate IT. fig. 10. On the earth or on wood. Large (from 1 to 3 inches), persistent. Name—piZa, a root; from the root-like fibrils which clothe more or less of the under surface, attaching it to the ground. 1. Rhizina undulata. Fries. Effused, undulate, bay-brown; margin inflexed, flocculose beneath, and pallid; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform, sub-acute, 2-guttulate, at length pseudo- septate, 30—35 X 9u; paraphyses filiform, enlarged and brown at the apices, which adhere firmly together: (Plate IT. fig. 10.) Rhizina undulata—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 33; Scheeff,, t. 153; Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 216; Tul. “ Hyp.,” t. 21, £16; Curr, “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. p. 493, t. 51, f. 7-9; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 332; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1963 ; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 28, c.i.; Pat., p. 209, £ 479. Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.” Nos. 39 and 725; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” No. 56; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ser. ii. No, 400; Winter, “ Fungi Eur.,” 2750; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 701. On gravelly and sandy soil that has recently been exposed to fire, ‘Varying in size from } an inch to 3 inches broad. At first orbicular, plane, with a whitish margin; when mature convex, undulate, and irregular in outline. The rhizinge are coarse fibres occupying the greater part of the under surface, but absent for a certain distanee from the margin, which is tomentose and rufous; when dry the hymenium becomes black and hard. The fusi- form sporidia have a thick epispore, especially at the extremities, and are faintly coloured. The paraphyses PEZIZZA. 41 adhere by their summits being apparently held together by a brownish “gelatina hymenia,” and at intervals occur some which are brown throughout their whole length, and non-septate. These deserve more careful examination in the fresh state, as their function may be to convey from the subhymenial tissue the brown “ gelatina hymenia ” alluded to above. Name— Undulatus, waved. Ascot Heath (Mr. Frederick Currey). Wrekin, Shropshire ! 2. Rhizina levigata. Fries. Orbicular, even, brown; margin prominent, granulose beneath; fibrils pallid; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusi- form, acuminate, bi-guttulate, uni-seriate, hyaline ; para- physes filiform. Rhizina levigata—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 33; Pers., “Myeo. Eur.,” p. 217; Cooke, “Grevillea,” ii. p. 162, . 22, fig. 1. Octospora rhizophora—Hedw., “Mus. Frond.,” ii. t. 5, f. A. Exs.—Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2406; Dr. Cooke, “On Stumps”; Fries, “Ad terram araneosam.” Scarcely exceeding 1 inch in breadth. The only British specimen I have seen is from Glamis, N.B., which has sporidia in no way differing from R. undulata. Name—JLevis, even; from the even hymenium. Order II.—PEZIZZ&. Receptacle concave, plane, or convex, sessile or stipitate, fleshy or waxy; hymenium on the upper surface ; asci fixed, cylindrical, or clavate ; sporidia usually 8. Receptacle adfixed by the centre, rarely by the whole under surface, or supported on a stem, more or less con- cave, often becoming plane or even convex ; substance fleshy or waxy, not gelatinous or cartilaginous ; asci not ejected ; sporidia hyaline. Differs from Helvellacet by the concave or plane 42 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. receptacle; from Ascobolw by the fixed asci; from Bul- garice by not being gelatinous or subcartilaginous; from Dermateew by the softer texture; and from Patellarie by colour, texture, and form. Name—Pezica (from wéZa, the foot, bottom, base, that which rests on its base, sessile), a word used by Pliny to denote various kinds of puff-balls (vide Houghton, “Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,” 1885). The name has now acquired a widely different meaning. OrpeR oF 1HE GENERA IN PeEziz@. Serres I.—Nup&. Serms IL—VEstiT2. Not clothed with hairs. Clothed with hairs. I. Peziza. VIII. Lachnea. IL. Psilopezia. IX. Lachnella. III. Hymenoseypha. X. Tapesia. IV. Chlorosplenium. XL Desmazierella. V. Belonidium. XII. Pérottza. VI. Helotium. VII. Mollisia, Key To THE GENERA OF PEZIZA&. Applanate, immarginate, affixed by thecentre .. Pailopezia. More or less cup-shaped om Re as . ol 1, {Exterior not hairy (though sometimes tomentose) 2 . (Exterior hairy, villous, or tomentose ei ses Fleshy, for the most part large ; sporidia large .. Peziza. 2. ; Fleshy, or rarely waxy, sessile ; sporidia minute .. Mollisia. Waxy, or between waxy and fleshy.. a . 8 Stem distinct and slender, not green es .. Hymenoscypha. Stem distinct and slender, preen .. se »» Chlrosplenium. 3.» 17-29 V. Discina ave = a ts ne » 980-35 VI. Galactinia .. te as ses ie » 9386-37 'VIL Pustularia .. a asi ar ia s 38-43 VUI. Geoscypha .. ss oat a ea >» 44-57 IX. Humaria.. So v6 ou a » 98-97 X. Pyronema .. sh ae era es » 98-104 Key To THE SUBGENERA. Stipitate a t ae sed Sessile or substipitate. . ss ah #5 ant 12 1. eon stout Se 3 a 33 se -. Acetabula. Stem slender .. .. Tarzetta. 9. Yielding a coloured fluid when wounded . .. Galactinia. Yielding a colourless fluid when wounded. . sw 3 3, {Cups elongated on one side .. 5 aks .. Otidea. {Cubs not elongated on one side es - ¢ 4. Cups large 2% a) (Cube amall, rarely exceeding ‘5 lines broad. . oe 5. Turfuraceous or verrucose, entire .. aes .. Pustularia. Neues or farinose .. os . 6 Flexuous, esespitose-contorted, sessile ae .. Cochlearia. 6. {Plane or repand, sessile or substipitate .. .. Discina. Smaller, entire or lobed, sessile .- Geoseypha. 1. Base surrounded by a delicate white. web . .. Pyronema, Base without a white web round it . oc .. Humaria. 44 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES, SusaEenus L—Acerasuna. Fckl. Cup entire, naked; stem stout, distinct, often sulecate. Key To THE SPECIES. Stem sulcate, equal, or broader below ee .. acetahulum. Stem not sulcate, attenuated below .. i .. ‘insolita, Stem sub-attenuated below, with slender rooting fibrils Percevali. 1. Peziza acetabulum. Linn. Cyathiform, dingy, ribbed externally with branching veins, which run up from the short, lacunose, fistulose stem ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18—20 x 12u; paraphyses incrassated upwards. (Plate III. fig. 11.) Peziza acetabulum—Linn., “Spec. Plant.” ii, 1650; Bull, “Champ.,” p. 267, t. 485, f 4; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 44; Sow., “ Fung.,” t. 59; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 187; Berk., “Outl.,” 362; Price, fig. 72; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1964; “Mycogr.,” fig. 183; Vitt. “Mang.,” t. 30, fig. 2; Kromb., “Schw.,” t. 61, f. 23-26; Pat., p. 70, £162. Fungoides acetabuliforme—Vaill., “Bot.,” t. 18, £ 1. 2 Margin subserrate .. axe aes ise »» bolaris. 1.; Margin tomentose ., <é oe a +. amentacea. Margin even .. as 2 a oe ae : 2. (Erte white oe oe s i .. Aspegrenit. Externally yellow... . a ae 8 Stem long, slender, flexuous el ls »» Bryophila. 3. (Stem short, firm, thickish . < .. serotina, Stem filiform .. ata ae of «eo tuba. 4. eae scabrous .. se ss aie .. pseudo-tuberosa. Externally glabrous .. oe 5 Stem short, thick, flexuous, umber-brown 14 + caucus. Stem slender, at first subtomentose, pale brown .. echinophila. Stem long, slender, flexuous, pallid-brown .. subularis. Stem attenuated downwards, blackish-brown e+ firma. A. SPORIDIA BROADLY ELLIPTIC OR OVATE. (a) On fruit.* 8. Hymenoscypha pseudo-tuberosa. (Rehm.) Cup infundibuliform, when moist expanded, sub- patelliform ; externally, as well as the stem, brown or olivaceous brown, slightly scabrous; hymenium livid or livid-brown ; stem long, rather slender, subflexuous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, obtuse at the ends, 9—10 x 4—5u; paraphyses filiform. (Plate V. fig. 25.) Peziza pseudo-tuberosa—Rehm, “Asco.,” No. 106; Pat., p. 171, f. 378. Sclerotinia Batschiana—Zopf. and * The term “ fruit’? is used here in a popular sense to include the parta closely associated with the fruit. 120 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Syd, “Mycoth. Mar.” 50,.c. icon. Peziza glandicola— Doass., “Revue Myco.,” v. iii. pt. 10, p. 49; “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 132, t. 65, f. 288. Exs.—Rehm, “Asco.”” No. 106; Doass, and Pat., “Champ.,” No. 18; Zopf. and Syd., “Mycoth. Mar.,” 50; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2649; Ellis, “N. A. F ungi,” 983. On decayed acorns. Cup 1 to 4 lines broad; 3 to 7 lines high. Name—yevdiec, false, tuber, a tuber; appearing to grow from a tuber, whereas it is an acorn. North Wootton, near King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). 9. Hymenoscypha amentacea, (Balb.) Cup stipitate, infundibuliform, then expanded, pale brown ; externally paler ; margin tomentose; stem slender, more or less elongated, often flexuose; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 12 x 5°54; paraphyses filiform, some- times clavate at the apices. Peziza, amentacea—Balb., “ Act. Taur.,” ii. p. 79, t. 2; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 87; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 28; “Mon. Pez.,” p. 181. Pez. julacea—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 285. Ciboria amentacea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 311. Rutstremia amentacea—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 106. Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” No. 320; Fckl., “F. Rh.,” No. 1178; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” No. 116; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2964. On catkins of willow. March and April. Cup 2 to 5 lines broad; stem 14 to 10 lines Jong, $ a line thick. The hair-like cells of the margin are 50u long, 18u broad, and continuous. Name—A mentum, a catkin; from its habitat. Almond Park, Shrewsbury! Moncrieffe, near Perth! (Dr. Buchanan White). 10. Hymenoscypha caucus. (Rebent.) Cup vasculiform, margin erect or incurved, flesh waxy; externally pallid, becoming brown, glabrous; hymenium umber-brown; stem short, sometimes elon- HYMENOSCYPHA. 121 gated, rather thick, flexuous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, ovate, or sub-elliptic, or subglobose, 10 x 6u; para- physes filiform. Peziza caucus—Rebent., “Neom.,” p. 386, t. 4, £17; Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 283; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 126 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2093 (in part) ; “ Grevillea,” vi. p. 28; Pat. p. 210, f. 483. Pez. amentalis—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 418. Ciboria caucus—Fckl.,, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 811. Phiulea caucus—Gill., “Champ.,” 110. On dead catkins of poplar, lying in damp spots. Spring. Cup 1 to 23 lines broad; stem as long or twice as long as the width of cup, same colour as cup. The figure of Rebentisch, t. iv. f. 17, represents an exceptional form of the plant, with a very slender stern, described as “stipes filiform, slender, not dilated up- wards” (Fries, l. c.); but our specimens have a moderately thick stem, enlarged at the point of junction with the cup: but Fries had only seen the figure. Name—Caucus, a drinking-vessel. Near Perth, N.B.! (Dr. Buchanan White), (b) On twigs. 11. Hymenoscypha luteo-virescens. (Rob.) Cup patelliform, then convex, firm, pallid-green, margin entire; stem slender, attenuated below, flexuose, more or less elongated and immersed in the earth; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptical, 15 x 5u; para- physes filiform, stout, filled with granules. Peziza luteo-virescens—Rob. in Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 1541; ed. ii. No. 1041; “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1847, viii. p. 188. Peziza pallido-virescens—Phil. in “Gre- villea,” vi. p. 24; “Scott. Nat.,” vi. 163. Phialea luteo- virescens— Gill. “Champ.,” p. 108. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” l. ¢.; Phil. “Elv. Brit.,” No. 122. On buried petioles of Acer. Autumn. Cup 1 to 5% lines broad; stem often 10 lines long. 122 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. The exterior is clothed with fine, adpressed, silky hairs ; not glabrous, as stated by Desmaziere. Name—Luteus, yellow, virens, green; greenish- yellow. Near Newport, Salop! Wrekin, Salop! B. SPORIDIA OBLONGO-ELLIPTIC OR FUSIFORM. (a) On fruit. 12. Hymenoscypha echinophila. (Bull.) Cup infundibuliform, then plane, fleshy, pale cin- namon or subfuliginous, glabrous; hymenium rusty brown; stem paler, rather slender, more or less elongated, at first subtomentose, then glabrous; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, curved, often furnished at the poles with a short appendage, having a globose head, 2 to 4 guttulate, 12—22 x 4—5y; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the summits. Peziza echinophila—Bull, “Champ.,” ii. p. 235, t. 500, f.1; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii p. 118; D. C, “Flo. Fr,” ii. p. 82; Pers. “Myco. Eur.,” p. 278; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 567; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2085; Pat., p. 35, f. 85. Phialea echinophila—Gill, “Champ.,” 101, ce. i. Exs.—Phil, “Elv. Brit.,” 32; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 606; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.” 648; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 367. On decaying involucres of chestnut. Autumn. Cup about 24 to § lines broad. Name—yivoc, a hedgehog, gidoc, loving; found on spiny involucres. King’s Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Norton Camp, near Craven Arms! Near Hereford! 13. Hymenoscypha subularis. (Bull.) Cup hypocrateriform, entire, fragile, lateritius or pallid-brown ; hymenium darker; stem long, slender, flexuose, same colour; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia HYMENOSCYPHA. 123 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, 17—20 x 4—5y; paraphyses filiform, thickened at the apices. Peziza subularis—Bull,, “Champ.,” p. 236, t. 500, f. 2; D. C., «Flo. Fr.,” ii p. 838. P. subulipes—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 282. P. carpimi—Batsch (?), “ EL,” “p. 215, fig. 50; “Scott. Nat.” vi. 163. Phialea subularis—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 101, ¢. i. On seeds of Angelica. Cup 1 to 14 lines broad; height, including stem, 5 to 7 lines. The exterior of our specimen was nearly white, the disc very pale brown. Name—Subula, an awl; from the shape of the stem. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (b) On branches, twigs, or leaves. 14. Hymenoscypha firma. (Pers.) Cup infundibuliform, then expanded, repand, firm, smooth, dark or pale brown ; stem more or less elongated, becoming blackish-brown, attenuated downwards; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, often furnished at the poles with a short spicule, bearing a globose head, biguttulate, 10—19 x 3—4u; paraphyses filiform, stout, branched. Peziza firma—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 658; and “Myco. Eur.,” p. 277; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” 11. p. 117; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 200; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 27; and “Mon. Pez.,” p. 180; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 35; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2082; Price, t- 4, f. 28. Peziza ochrolewca—Bolt., t. 105, £1; Sow., t. 115. Ciboria firma—F ckl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 812. Rutstremia jfirma—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 108. Helotiwm jfirmwm—Karst., “Symb.,” p. 233. Phialea firma—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 101, ¢. 1. Exs.—Libert, exs. No. 228; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 736; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 78; Rhem, “ Asco.,” 13; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2965; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 646. On rotten sticks of oak. - Cup } to 4 an inch broad; stem 3 to 2 inches high. Scattered or gregarious; leathery when fresh, hard when dry. 124 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name—Firmus, firm; from its firm flesn. King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Forres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Hawthornden, near Edinburgh! Down- ton Castle, near Ludlow! Condover! Craven Arms! Church Stretton ! and The Wrekin, Salop. 15. Hymenoscypha bolaris. (Batsch.) Cup infundibuliform or subhemispherical, firm; ex- ternally fibrilose-veined or wrinkled, nearly ochraceous ; hymenium brown, margin subserrated; stem rather short, attenuated downwards or equal; asci cylindrical ; sporidia oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, 14—16 x 4—6n; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Peziza bolaris—Batsch, i. p. 221, f. 155; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 112; Pers. “Syn. Fung.,” p. 658; “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 279; A. and 8, p. 830; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 200; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2078. Oiboria bolaris—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 311. Exs.—Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 171; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 1260. , On dry fallen branches of holly. Cup 14 to 2 lines broad and high; externally paler than the disc; when dry the margin is inflexed. Name—péroe, a clod; perhaps in allusion to the colour. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 16. Hymenoscypha Aspegrenii. (Fries.) Gregarious, stipitate ; cup subrepand; hymenium yellow; externally, as well as the subascending stem, white ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong- elliptic, biguttulate, 8—10 x 3'5u. Peziza Aspegrenii—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 181. Helotium Aspegrenii—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 355; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2144. Peziza bicolor, var. Sow., t. 369, £7. Phialea Aspegrenii —Gill., “Champ.,” p. 107, ¢ i. On rotten hazel in a wet ditch. Spring. “Two to three lines high; stem somewhat slender ” (Fries). HYMENOSCYPHA. 125 At first hemispherical, then expanded and plane ; stem slender, attenuated downwards. Name—After Aspegren, a friend of Fries. Wier Coppice, near Shrewsbury ! 17. Hymenoscypha serotina. (Pers.) Cup stipitate, plano-convex, rather thin, bright yellow; stem short, firm, thickish; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or clavate, straight or slightly curved, 22—24 x 4. Helotium serotinum—Berk., “Outl.,” p. 372; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 313; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2132; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 156. Peziza serotina—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 661; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 119; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 201. Helvella aurea—Bolt., t. 98. Exs.—F kL, 1157. On dead leaves and branches in water. Autumn. Cup about 1 to 2 lines broad; stem 14 to 2 lines long. Gregarious or crowded. Name—Serotinus, late; from its late appearance. Near Halifax (Bolton). C. SPORIDIA CYLINDRICAL. . 18. Hymenoscypha bryophila. (Fries.) Cup stipitate, slender, at first concave, then convex, glabrous, flavescent; stem long, slender, flexuose, slightly pubescent ; asci clavate; sporidia cylindrical, curved, 10 X 2u; paraphyses filiform, enlarged upwards, septate. Peziza bryophila—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 119. P. pyxidata— Flo. Dan.,” t.1017,f£1. Phialea bryophila —Gill., “Champ.,” p. 100. Amongst moss in mountain pastures. Autumn. Cup 1 to 1} lines broad, 23 to 5 lines high. Scattered, slender, nearly white, becoming yellowish. Name—Bryum, a genus of mosses, and ¢fog, loving; from its habitat. Longmynd, Salop '” 126 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. D. SPORIDIA UNKNOWN, 19. Hymenoscypha tuba. (Bolt.) Cup campanulate, disc plane-umbilicate, stem filiform ; altogether bright pale yellow. Peziza, tuba—Bolt., “Hist. Fung.,” iii. t. 106, £ 1; Pers. “Myco. Eur,” p. 278; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 128 (excl. part); “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 202. Meruleus tubeeformis—With., vol. 4, p. 146. Helotiwm tuba—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan,” p. 355; Berk., “ Outl,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2140. Phialea tuba—Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 99. On putrid stems of plants, in moist places. “This beautiful little peziza adheres by a claw at the base to the putrid stems of decayed plants in moist places near rills of water. It is shaped like a trumpet in miniature. The height about half an inch. The colour a bright pale yellow ” (Bolt., 4. c.). Name—Tuba, a trumpet; from its shape. Var. B. Ochracea—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1486. On a heap of decaying vegetables, Menmuir (Rev. M. Anderson). Suzscenvus II].—Tricwoscypua. Cooke, _ Cup cyathiform, entire, stipitate; margin furnished with hair-like rigid processes. (Plate V. fig. 26.) Dr. Cooke has shown that the hair-like processes in the four exotic species, for the reception of which he formed the subgenus, viz. Peziza sulcipes (Berk.), P. Hindsii (Berk.), P. tricholoma (Mont.), and P. insititia (B. and C.), are not true hairs, but squamules, composed of a number of longitudinal cells lying parallel to each other, the exterior ones gradually diminishing in length, so that the base of each squamule is broader than the apex. This structure is the same in the teeth of the well-known Peziza inflexa (Bolt.), and although this species is much smaller than the exotic species named above, it must be HYMENOSCYPHA. 127 placed in the same subgenus. In a more consistent classification of the Discomycetes, this and the two pre- ceding subgenera should be closely associated with the series Phialea of Fries. Name—Spié, hair, and cxégoc, a cup. In allusion to the hair- lke processes with which the margin and some- times the exterior are furnished. 20. Hymenoscypha coronata. (Bull.) Cup at first pyriform or hemispherical, then cyathi- form, glabrous, pallid or yellowish, margin crowned with setaceous teeth; stem slender, straight or curved; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform, 15—20 x 3—4y; para- physes rather stout, enlarged upwards, (Plate V. fig. 26.) Peziza coronata—Bull, “Champ.,” p. 251, t. 416, f. 4; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 120; Pers., “Obs.” ii. p. 36; D. C., «Flo. Fr.” i ii. p. 83; Karst., «Pez, et Ascob, ” p, 29 : and “ Mon. Pez.,” p. 135; ; Nyl, «Pez, Fenn.,” p. 38; Cooke, « Handbk.,” No. 2086 ; Gonn. and Rabh, iti, t. 6, f. 9; Fekl., “Symb. Myco., ” p. 807. P. radiata—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 662; “Myco. Eur.” i. p. 287; Nees, fs Sa ” £293. P. subulata—Schum., “ Plo, Dan. ”t. 1380. P. denticulata—Schum., “ Flo. Dan., , 1016, f. 3. Helo. trum coronatum-—Karst., ad Symb.; ” p. 237 ; “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 136. Phialea coronata—Gill, « Champ.” p. 110. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” ed. i. 872, ed. i 72; Rabh., “ Herb. Myco., ” ed. ii. 219; Karst., “ Fung. Fenn. ; 146 ; Fekl,, “F, Rh,” 1188; Phil, “Ely. Brit.” 121; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 379. e dead herbaceous stems. Autumn and winter. p $ to 1 line broad; stem 4 to 14 line high. destiated or gregarious ; whitish, pallid, or tinged with yellowish brown. Name—Corona, a crown. Shobdon, Herefordshire! Frequent. Var. inflexa. (Bolt.) Whitish, teeth triangular. Peziza ‘infleca—Bolt., t. 106, f. 2; Sow: t. 306; 128 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. “Eng. Flo,” v. p. 201; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2087. Phialea infleaa Gil, e Champ.,” p. 106. On stems of nettles. Autumn. Name—Inflecto, to bend or curve. Near Halifax (Bolton). Suspcenus IV.—CYATHOIDEA. Smaller than the preceding; cups thin,at first urceolate, then concave or plane, orbicular, glabrous, or subtomen- tose ; stem usually slender. (Plate V. fig. 27.) Rarely exceeding 3 lines in height. Growing on wood, herbaceous stems, and fruit. Name—xvaoe, a cup, «dog, a resemblance, ARBRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia oblong or oblongo-elliptic. (a) On dead wood ss ae +. Bpecies 21-24 (b) On herbaceous stems as ae » «25 (c) On leaves... aye fe se » 26-28 (d) On fruit oe oe a » 29 B. Sporidia fusiform or clavate, broad. (a) On wood (except fructigena on fruit) ,, 30-34 (b) On herbaceous stems and grass... » 930 (ec) On leaves... ss a » 36 oO. Suen fusiform, narrow. (a) On wood es : es oe » 37-89 (6) On herbaceous stems 3 us » 40-42 (ce) On leaves... Ba ne » 43-44 p. Sporidia pyriform or reniform. (a) On fruit ai a i ae » 45 (bo) On leaves .. .e oe es » 46 E. Sporidia cyliudrical. (a) On dead wood o. ee os » 47 (b) On root-fibres a ee ee » 48 (c) On carex stems . oe oe » 49 (d) On fruit ‘ a es » 50 Key To THE Specigs. Hymenium brown... Sond Hymenium pale tan-colour, externally farinose |! nitidula, Hymenium testaceous (confer seutuli) ++ emergens, Hymeniwn red Pa 28 oe se sa Hymenium amber... os a +. eélectrina. Hymenium yellow .. ia es . « 4 Hymenium white : ts oe . 6 Hymenium rosy--vhite as an . +. thodoleuea, Hymenium, ?colour .. o oe . ++ aquatica. HYMENOSCYPHA., Cups pale cinnamon or brownish-yellow 7 i 1. (Cup externally yellow - 3 ae Cup externally brown oe ‘e ey 27 Stem short, black oe ee oe oe 5 Stem short, yellowish-brown sts ‘ Stem short, white or greyish-brown 2, 3 Stem rather long, pallid-brown se *')Stem more or less elongated, stout, pale brown (on seed-vessels) .. Stem more or less elongated, ‘brown, darker at the \_ base (on leaves) .. s os 7 a 3 {orp cyathiform or plane... ts ie * \Cup urceolate (on Equisetum) ie o% Externally furfuraceous ae os oe eve 4,; Externally villous .. as 5 oi Externally glabrous .. aa Stem long, tomentose below; “disc orange-yellow ie Stem long, subflocculose ; disc yellowish-red 5. 4Stem long, glabrous (at first pubescent) .. Stem long, glabrous ; sporidia large. . Stem short, tomentose below; disc darkish-yellow Externally pruinose ; margin fimbriate ag 6 Externally pruinose ; margin subdenticulate ds *) Externally perpendicularly striate .. Externally glabrous .. ‘ be Growing on larch-leaves ss. . Growing on pine-leaves ae sve a 7. «Growing on wood ae yo os Fe BS Growing on petioles .. 5 oe ais a Growing on herbaceous stems at Sa a 8. (one oblongo-fusiform .. ies oe Sporidia narrowly fusiform or linear oe a 129 renisporum. lutescens. 2 strobilina. calyculus. amenti. monilifera. cacalia. petiolorum. Broomei. , Persoonti.* rhizophila. Laburni. 5 Hedwigii. virguitorum. Sructigena. scutula. aurea. concolor. eburnea. Urtica. advenula. subtile. sordida. albida. 8 clavata. cyathotd a. A. SPORIDIA OBLONG OR OBLONGO-ELLIPTIC. (a) On dead wood. 21. Hymenoscypha Broome (nov. sp.). Scattered, stipitate, cyathiform or plane, flesh red, glabrous, firm; margin entire; stem rather slender, cylindrical, flexuous ; ascl eylindraceo- -clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, rounded at the ends or subfusiform, 15 Xx 5u. (Plate V. fig. 27.) Peziza araneosa—Bull., Kew Herbarium. On dead wood. Cup 1 line broad, 1 line high. Name—After Mr. C. E. Broome. * Removed to genus Stamnaria. K 130 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 22. Hymenoscypha monilifera. (Fckl) Stipitate, scattered or caspitose; cup seated amongst Bisporo, at first subclavate, at length dilated ; hymenium concave, patellate when mature, marginate, waxy, externally as well as the rather long stem, smooth, pallid-brown; disc slightly darker; asci elongated ; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong, attenuated towards each end, but obtuse, at length uniseptate, 12 x 4u, hyaline ; paraphyses filiform, subclavate. Bispora monilifera—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 310. Peziza monilifera—Cooke, “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 111. Exs.— F. Rh.,” 74. Amongst Bispora monilioides on cut timber. Cup % to 1 line broad, 4 to 14 lines high. Fuckel has constituted a new genus, under the name Bispora, for this species, of which he assumes that Bispora monilioides is the conidial form. Name—WMonile, a necklace, and fero, to carry; from its relationship to Bispora monilioides. Dupplin Castle, N.B. 23. Hymenoscypha Hedwigit (nov. sp.). Cup stipitate, concave or plane, yellow tinged with orange, margin entire, paler beneath; stem rather long, lower half tomentose, whiteand enlarged; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, 7—10 x 38u. Octospora fungoidaster—Hedw., “ Mus. Frond.,” ii. p. 53, t. xix. figs. 1-4. Peziza fructiginea, B. virgultorwm —Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.118. P. virgultorwnm—* Flo. Dan.,” t. 1016, f. 2. On twigs of hazel. May. Cup 34 to 14 lines broad, height about the same. The cups are at first concave, then plane; the stem is white, enlarged at the base, and attached to the wood by white mycelium. Name—After Joannes Hedwig. Hanwood, near Shrewsbury ! HYMENOSCYPHA. 131 24. Hymenoscypha lutescens. (Hedw.) Cup stipitate, at first hemispherical, then hypocrateri- form, yellowish; hymenium brownish, margin paler; stem short or sometimes elongated, slender, flexuose, subcylindrical, pale; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 12— 15 x 44; paraphyses slender, filiform. Octospora lutescens—Hedw., “Mus. Frond.,” ii. t. 9, f. 3. Peziza lutescens—A. and S., p. 334; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1440, f. 1; Wahl, “Ups.,” p. 465; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 120. Helotium lutescens—Berk., “Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2134. Phialea lutescens—Gill., “ Champ.,” 157. On dead twigs amongst moss, etc. Cup 4 to 1} lines broad, and as much high. Gre- garious. Name—Luteus, yellow ; yellowish. Bloxham in Herb. Kew! (b) On herbaceous stems. 25. Hymenoscypha rhodoleuca. (Fries.) Cup plane, rosy-white, glabrous; stem nearly equal, slender, same colour; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 10—14 x 4u; paraphyses filiform. Peziza rhodoleuca—Fries, “Obs. Myco.,” ii. p. 306; “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 127; Karst., “Pez. et Asco.,” p. 31; and “Mon. Pez.,” p.139. Helotiwm rhodoleucum—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 355; Karst. “Myco. Fenn.,” . 128. Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 152. On dead branches of EHquisetum, in damp places. Spring. Cup 3 to 4 line broad; stem varying from } to } a line high. When young this plant is pyriform, but soon becomes expanded, and at length plane or convex. The colour is a beautiful rosy-white. Name—pddoy, a rose, Aewkde, white ; rose-white. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! 5 1382 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. (c) On leaves. 26. Hymenoscypha petiolorum. (Rob.) Rather large, stipitate, often solitary; cup fulvous, concave, then plane, margined with somewhat triangular teeth ; stem more or less long; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, curved, 2-guttulate, 17 x 4u; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Peziza petiolorwn—Rob. in Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1158, ed. ii. 658; “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1842, p. 91. Peziza denigrans—Fck1., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 309. Phialea petiolorwm—GilL, “Champ.,” 102. Exs.—Desm., J. c.; FekL, “ F. Rh.,” 2193. On petioles of beech, ete. Autumn. Cup about 4 a line broad; stem reaching sometimes 4 an inch in length. The margin is furnished with minute, somewhat triangular teeth, easily overlooked in dried specimens—not large enough to warrant putting it in the subgenus T'richoscypha. Name—Petiole, the stalk of a leaf; from its habitat. Shrewsbury ! 27. Hymenoscypha subtile. (Fries.) Cup stipitate, plano-convex, concave beneath, rather firm, white, becoming pallid-ochraceous; stem slender, rather short ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or subfusiform, 5 X 2u; paraphyses filiform, slender, scarce. Helotium subtile—Fries, ‘Obs. Myco.,” ii. p. 310; “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 354; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 1381; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2130; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” 315. Peziza subtilis—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 157 ; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 208. Phialea subtile—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 161. Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 68; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1160; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 1265. On decaying leaves of pine in shady woods. Autumn. Cup about 500 to 800u broad, and 200 to 600u high. Scattered; at first white, becoming yellow when dried. A very minute and delicate species. HYMENOSCYPHA. 183 Name—Subtilis, small, delicate. Rose Hill, near Shrewsbury ! 28. Hymenoscypha advenula. Phil. Cup stipitate, concave or plane, tough, white or yellowish white; stem equal, slender; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 8—9 x 2°5—4y; paraphyses slenderly filiform, scarce. Helotium advenulum—Phil., “ Grevillea,” vi. p. 24. Exs.—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 133. On fallen decaying leaves of larch. Spring. Very minute, scattered, or gregarious. Varying from the preceding so little that I had some misgiving at first whether it should be separated, but the sporidia are nearly double the size. Name—Advena, a stranger ; a little stranger. Trefriw, North Wales ! (d) On fruit. 29. Hymenoscypha strobilina. (Fries.) Pyriform, firm ; cup concave, pallid-rufescent ; margin tumid, entire; stem short, black; asci subcylindrical, slender, slightly enlarged towards the top; sporidia 8, oblong or fusiform, 8—12 x 2°54; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza strobilina—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 125; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 30; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 41; “ Grevillea,” ii. p. 186. Ombrophila strobilina—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 92. Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.”; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” ed. ii, Nos. 222 and 624; Phil. “Elv. Brit.” No. 40; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 1254, On fir-cones. Autumn and winter. Cup 300 to 500u broad, and the same high; dise at first urceolate, afterwards more expanded; the texture is tough, and when dry the plant is rigid and black. Name—Strobilis, a pine-cone; from the habitat. Derbyshire! (Mr. James Renny). North Wootton, 134 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Near Hereford! near Shrewsbury! Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). ~ B. SPORIDIA BROADLY FUSIFORM OR CLAVATE. (a) On wood (one on fruit). 80. Hymenoscypha aquatica. (Curr.) Cup stipitate; disc minute, very little wider than the apex of the delicate, almost filiform stem, concave or convex; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, colourless, elliptic or clavate, biguttulate, 13—15 x 5—6y. Helotium aquaticum—Curr., “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. p. 154, t. 25, f 19; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2139. On fragment of stick in water. May. Cup 3 a line broad; stem about % to 24 lines long; solitary. The measures of the sporidia given above are derived from Mr. Currey’s original specimen. It is to be regretted he made no note of the colour. Name—A quaticus, of the water; from its habitat. Paul’s Cray Common, Kent! (Mr. F. Currey). 31. Hymenoscypha virgultorum. (Vahl.) Gregarious, stipitate, tough, glabrous, hymenium yellowish red, at length rufous; cup patelleform or frequently convex ; exterior paler; stem slender, attenu- ated downwards, subflocculose; asci eylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, often slightly curved, biguttulate, becoming 1 to 2 pseudo-septate, 14—23 x 3—5u; para- physes filiform. Peziza virguitorum—Vahl, “Flo. Dan.,” +t. 1016, f. 2; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 37; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. (as var. 8 of fructigena). Helotiwm virgultorwm— Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 109; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2133 (exs. part). On dead branches of trees. Autumn. This nearly resembles fructigena, and is regarded by many high authorities as a variety of that species, but it HYMENOSCYPHA. 1395 ‘differs in the sporidia and the colour of the disc. This is a common species in damp shady woods. Name—Virgultum, a twig; from the habitat. North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Colwyn Bay, North Wales! Shelton Rough, Shrewsbury! 32. Hymenoscypha fructigena. (Bull.) Gregarious, tough, glabrous, pallid, becoming yellow- ish; cup patelleeform; stem long, thin, flexuous; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, clavate or fusiform, biguttulate, becoming pseudo-l-septate, 15—17 x 3—4n; paraphyses filiform. Pezxiza fructigena—Bull., “Champ.,” p. 263, t. 228; Batsch., “EL,” t. 150; Sow., t. 117; Pers. “Obs.,” i. p. 42; Nees, “Sys,” f 292; Schum., “Saell.,” p. 420; A. and 8, p.331; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 118 (in part); Karst., “Myco. Fenn.” p. 113; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 314; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 201. Phialea fructigena— Gill, “Champ.,” p. 99, ¢. i. Exs—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1060, ed. ii. 460; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” 479, ed. ii. 392. On acorns, beech-mast, and chestnuts. The hymenium is usually white at first, afterwards it becomes yellow; the exterior dirty white; the stem is attenuated towards the base, not unfrequently minutely pubescent ; the sporidia vary from clavate to fusiform, straight or slightly curved, with two guttule, becoming uniseptate. Name—Fructus, fruit, gigno, to bear; growing on fruit. Dinmore, near Hereford! North Wales! Forres, N.B.! (Dr. Keith). Scarborough! (Mr. Massee). Colwyn Bay, North Wales! 33. Hymenoscypha laburnt. (B. and Br.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, concave or plane, externally villose, furfuraceous, pale; margin inflexed ; hymenium ochraceous, bright-coloured ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, sub-acute or clavate, 2 to 136 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 4-guttulate, 17—27 x 5—9u; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Helotiwm laburni—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1624; “ Grevillea,” v. p. 62. On decorticated branches of Cytisus laburnum, or beneath the cuticle, which it seems to throw off. Cups 3 to 3 aline broad, gregarious, fleshy, firm ; flesh yellowish-white. Name—Laburnum, a well-known tree. Menmuir, N.B.! (Rev. M. Anderson). 34. Hymenoscypha calyculus. (Sow.) Cup stipitate, concave, margin elevated or expanded, yellowish-brown, fleshy, firm, smooth ; stem short, thick, attenuated downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic or clavate, straight or slightly curved, 15—18 x 3—5mu; paraphyses filiform, slender. Helotium calyculus—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2142. Peziza calyculus—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 129; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 202; Sow., t. 116; With. iv. p. 307; Purt., ii. and in. No. 1083. P. in- fundibulum—Grev., “Flo. Edin.,” p. 423; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 180; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 961; Batsch, f. 147. Phialea calyculus—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 108. On decorticated wood and branches. Cup about 1 to 1} lines broad, and the same high. Bright clear brown, flesh firm; dise concave or plane ; stem short, enlarging upwards into the cup. This has probably been confused with H. serotinum and ferru- ginewm, but the sporidia differ. Name—xarv£, the cup of a flower ; from its shape. Near Shrewsbury! Forres! (Rev. Dr. Keith). King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (b) On herbaceous stems. 35. Hymenoscypha scutula. (Pers.) Cup hypocrateriform, becoming nearly plane, firm, glabrous, testaceous yellow; stem rather slender; asci HYMENOSCYPHA. 187 cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or clavate, straight or curved, 2 to 3-guttulate or pseudo-septate, 18—25 x 464; paraphyses filiform. Peziza scutula—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 284; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 123; Kickx. “Flo. Flan.,” i. 485; Nees, f. 282. Helotiwm scutula—Karst., “Symb.,” p. 238 ; “Myco. Fenn.,” 110; “Scott. Nat.” vi. 125. Phialea scutula—Gill., “Champ.,” p.108. Helotiwm virgultorum —Pat., p. 38, f. 94. Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 739; Sacc., “Myco. Ven.,” No, 728. On dead herbaceous stems, Spirea Ulmaria, ete. Cup 3 to 14 lines broad ; stem 4 to 24 lines long. This species has a group of near allies which can be regarded only as varieties. Name—Scutum, a shield; from its resemblance when fully expanded to a little shield. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. J. Keith). Falmouth! (Mr. E. M. Holmes). Persley Den, near Aberdeen! (Professor Trail). Var. fucata. Phil. in “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 120. Cup subhemispherical; margin incurved ; dise brown- ish yellow; externally whitish, stained irregularly with dirty yellow. On dead stems of Polygonum lying in water. Ellesmere, Salop ! Var. Lysimachie. Phil. in “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 120a. On dead stems of Lysimachia vulgaris. Shrewsbury ! Var. Mentha. Phil. Cup plane or convex; dise bright yellow; stem slender ; sporidia 14—2 x 3—5y; 2 to 3 guttule, often pseudo-uniseptate. Helotium Menthe in “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 188. On decaying stems of Mentha. 138 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name—Lysimachia, a genus of Primulacee ; from its habitat. © Shrewsbury ! Var. Rudbeckic. Cup 1 line wide; stem about 1 to 1} lines high, cylindrical, expanding into the base of the cup; sporidia 18—25 X 4—Oy. On dead stems of Rudbeckia. Name—Rudbeckia, a genus of Composite: from its habitat. Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). (c) On leaves. 36. Hymenoscypha albida. (Rob.)’ Cup at first subhemispherical, then plane, white, glabrous, margin entire; stem rather stout, enlarged upwards; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblongo-elliptic, 2 to 3-guttulate, curved, becoming pseudo-septate, 15—17 x 4u; paraphyses filiform. Peziza albida—Rob. in Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 2004, and ed. ii. 1604; “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1851, vol. xvi. p. 323. Helotvum scutula, var. albidwm—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 112; “Grevillea,” vi. p. 127. Phialea albida —Gill, “Champ ,” p. 105. Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” 1. ¢. On decaying petioles of Fraxinus. Cup 4 to 1 line broad; stem about the same long. When fresh this is ivory-white ; the stem is often brown at the base. Name—Albidus, inclining to white; whitish, Copthorn, near Shrewsbury ! Var. disculi. The sporidia are larger than in H. albida, 20— 23 X 4—5y, and more frequently clavate. On petioles of horse-chestnut. Name—4sculus, the horse-chestnut ; from its habitat. Shobdon Court, Herefordshire ! HYMENOSCYPHA. 139 C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM, NARROW, (a) On wood. 37. Hymenoscypha aurea. (Pers.) Cup stipitate, concave, or plane, fleshy, darkish- yellow, glabrous, except at the base of the slender, rather long stem, which is tomentose and white ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, simple or pseudo-septate, 9—10 x 1—2u; paraphyses filiform, slender, sometimes branched. Helotium aurewm—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 678; A. and §., p. 350; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 186; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 155. On decorticated wood, especially pine. Cup about 4 to 1 line broad; stem about 1 to 1} lines long, gregarious, slender, but firm. Name—Aureus, golden ; from the colour. Near Shrewsbury ; Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). 38. Hymenoscypha emergens. Cooke and Phil. Scattered or fasciculate, emerging from beneath the bark ; cups hemispherical or infundibuliform, stipitate, glabrous, pale ochraceous; hymenium darker; margin entire ; stem flexuose, tapering downwards; asci cylin- drical, or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform, simple, straight or slightly bent, 12—14 x 1—1:24; paraphyses not seen. On dead branches of a tree, emerging from beneath the bark. Cup 3} to ? line broad; height, including stem, 4 to line. : Name—Lmergo, to issue ; from its habit of growth. Scotland ! (Capt. Carmichael in Kew Herb.). 39. Hymenoscypha concolor. Phil. Cup hemispherical, thin, firm, pallid or dirty white ; externally pruinose; hymenium pallid-brown; margin minutely fimbriate; stem short, rather stout; asci cylin- 140 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform, 8— 10 x 2—8n; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza concolor—Phil. in “ Grevillea,” viii. p. 102; Steven., “Myco. Scot.,” p. 321. On hard decorticated wood. Cup } to 3a line broad; stem } of a line long. Name—Concolor, of the same colour ; without varia- tion of colour. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). b. On herbaceous stems and grass. 40. Hymenoscypha cyathoidea. (Bull.) Cup at first pyriform, then hemispherical, at length expanded, thin, tough, glabrous, white or pallid, margin entire ; stem rather long, flexuous, attenuated downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform or linear, 5—8 x 1—l‘5u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza cyathoidea—Bull, “Champ.,” p. 250, t. 416, £3; Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 662; “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 284; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 124; “Eng. Flo,” v. p. 202; Nees, f. 294. P. pedicellata—Sow., t. 369, f. 4; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2092;. Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 30; Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 40; Gonn. and Rabh., iii. t. 6, f. 7. Cyathicula vulgaris—De Not., “ Dise.,” p. 27. Helotiwm cyathordewm—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 136. Phialea cyathoidea—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 106. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1061, ed. ii. 461; Berk., exs. 158; Karst. “Fung. Fenn.,” 836; Fckl., “F. Rh.” 1179; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 79, 80 ; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 306 ; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.” 832; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 377. On dead herbaceous stems, thistle, potato, Lychnis, Heraclewm, ete. Cup { to of a line broad ; the stem about 3 aJine long. Scattered or gregarious, cyathiform, texture tough, when quite young slightly pruinose externally; the stem slender, variable in length. Wame—xiabog, a little cup, eSo¢, a resemblance. HYMENOSOYPHA., 141 Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Neatishead (Dr. Cooke). Church Stretton, Salop! Wrekin, Salop! Var. Epilobit. Cooke in “ Fung. Brit.,” No. 378. On dead stems of Epilobiwm. Forden, Montgomeryshire (Rev. E. Vize). Var. Solant. Pers., “ Obs.,” 2, p. 80. On dead potato-stems. Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 377. Wellington, Salop ! 41. Hymenoscypha Urticw. (Pers.) Cup turbinate, pallid-white or fuscescent, perpendicu- larly striate, firm; margin connivent, slightly pruinose ; hymenium urceolate; stem rather short, equal, smooth ; pale yellow ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong- fusiform, 7—8 x 2p. Peziza Urtice—Pers., “ Myco. Kur.,” i. p. 286; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 39; Karst., “Mon. Pez.” 136. Peziza striata—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, 122; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 307. Helotuwm Urtice—Karst., “Symb.,” p. 287 ; and “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 183. On dead stems of nettles. Autumn and winter. Cup about } of a line ; stem about the same. Name—Urtica, generic name of the nettle. Church Stretton, Salop! Clungunford, Salop! Carlisle! (Dr. Carlyle). 42. Hymenoscypha clavata. (Pers.) Cup cyathiform, pallid or fuscescent, glabrous, firm ; stem rather thick, enlarging into the base of cup; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, 4—8 X 1—2y. Peziza clavata—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 285; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 122; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 307. Helotium clavatwm—Karst., “Myco. Fenn,” p. 135. Phialea clavata—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 110. Exs.—Phil,, “ Elv. Brit.,” 124. 142 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On dead stems of Angelica and Pieris. Cup about } of a line broad; stem about the same long ; scattered or gregarious. Name—Clava, a club; shaped like a club. Near Shrewsbury ! (c) On leaves. 43, Hymenoscypha nitidula. (B. and Br.) Cup minute, subhemispherical, irregular; externally pale watery tan, minutely farinaceous, glistening, rather firm ; stem short, equal ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 7—10 X 84; paraphyses very slenderly fili- form. Peziza nitidula—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 570; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”’ No. 2091. On dead leaves of Aira cespitosa. Winter. “Scattered; cup slightly concave, at first subhemi- spherical, then nearly plane, often irregular, covered with glistening mealy particles. Allied to the preceding (Peziza cacaliw), but distinguished by its uniformly mealy surface, irregular shape, and depressed, not clavate, cup” (B. and Br.). Name—Nitidus, shining ; somewhat shining. Batheaston, near Bath ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). 44. Hymenoscypha electrina. Phil. and Plow. Cup subhemispherical, glabrous, shining, amber- colour, when moist subgelatinous; stem rather short, firm, darker at the base; asci narrowly clavate, pointed at the summit; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5 x 1. Peziza electrina—Phil. and Plow., “ Grevillea,” viii. p. 155; “Scott. Nat.,” i. (new ser.), 86. On pine leaves, intermixed with Dacrymyces suc- cineus, Fries, of which it is the ascigerous stage. Cup 100 to 500 broad, stem not quite as long as the breadth of. cup. Name—Flectrum, amber ; from the colour. Forres, N.B.! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). HYMENOSCYPHA. 148 D. SPORIDIA PYRIFORM OR RENIFORM,. (a) On fruit. 45. Hymenoscypha amenti. (Batsch.) Cup concave, then plane, at length convex, firm, white, becoming greyish-brown; stem short, enlarged upwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, subpyri- form, 8 X 34; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza amenti—Batsch, “Cont.,” i. p. 211, f 148; Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 314; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 127; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 31; and “Mon. Pez.,” p. 140. Helotiwm amenti—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 128; Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 158, ¢ i. Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” ed. ii. 809 and 1621; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.” 27; Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 123; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.,” 649. On dead catkins of willow in damp places. Cup 200 to 500u broad; height, including stem, 200 to 600u. A minute species, easily recognized by the pyriform sporidia. Name—Amentum, a catkin ; from the habitat. Wrekin, Salop ! (b) On leaves. 46, Hymenoscypha renisporwm. (Ellis.) Stipitate, concave, at length plane, pale cinnamon or brownish-yellow ; stem equal, slender, darker below; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, reniform, 10u long, 5u in the broadest part, biguttulate ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Helotium renisporwm—Ellis in Cooke’s “Synop. Dise. U. 8.” Ombrophila Sydowiana—Rehm in Exs. Syd., “Mycoth. Mar.,” 666. Peziza recedens—Phil. in Herb. Ciboria Sydowiana—Rehm in “ Asco.,” No. 802. Exs—Rehn, “ Asco.,” 0. ¢.; Syd., “Mycoth. Mar.,” 1. ¢. On decaying leaves of oak, etc., chiefly on the petioles and ribs. Autumn. Cup 4 to 1 line broad; stem rather long. The 144 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. margin in the British specimens is subfimbriate, re- sembling H. petiolorwm, Rob., to which, indeed, it is closely allied. Name—Renes, the kidneys, awdépog, a seed ; from the shape of the sporidia. Nescliff, near Shrewsbury | E. SPORIDIA CYLINDRICAL. (a) On dead wood. 47. Hymenoscypha sordida. (Fckl.) Gregarious, stipitate, glabrous, dirty white, patelli- form, marginate, margin becoming crisped and lacerated, involute; stem firm; hymenium becoming reddish; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, curved, hya- line, 6—10 x 1—2un. Pezizella sordida—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 299° “Scott. Nat.,” vi. 163. Exs.—Fcekl., “¥. Rh.,” No. 2078. On broome, Rosa canina (Fckl.). Cup 4 to 4 a line broad, thin, when moist soft; stem very short. Name—Sordidus, dirty; dingy in colour. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (b) On root-fibres. 48. Hymenoscypha rhizophila. (Fckl.) Cup stipitate, at first infundibuliform, then plane, immarginate, whitish furfuraceous; hymenium vitelline; stem rather long; asci linear, attenuated at each end; sporidia 8, cylindrical, straight, hyaline, 12 x 2u. Helotvum rhizophilum (Fckl.)\—Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2155; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 156. Ciboria rhizophila— Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 312. : Exs.—Fckl., “ F. Rh.,” No. 1598, On rhizomes of grass. May. Cup 1 to 14 lines broad. HYMENOSOYPHA. 145 Name—piZa, a root, fAoc, loving ; found on roots. Shere, Surrey (Dr. Capron). (c) On carex stems. 49. Hymenoscypha eburnea. (Rob.) Cup hemispherical, ivory-white, margin denticulate, subpruinose; stem short, incurved; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly cylindrical, curved, 5 x Ip. Peziza eburnea—Rob. in Desm., “Orypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 2004, ed. ii. No. 1604; Desm., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1851, vol. xvi. 323. Helotium eburneum—Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 160. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” 0. ¢. On Carex Pendula. Autumn and winter. Cup 400 broad; stem 200u long; scattered or gre- garious; glabrous except the margin, which is slightly pruinose. M. Roberge found it on Holcus and Dactylis. Name—burneus, made of ivory. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (d) On Fruit. 50. Hymenoscypha cacalic. (Pers.) Cup turbinate or subhemispherical, brownish, gla- brous, firm, mouth subconnivent, paler; stem rather long, slightly thickened ; asci subcylindrical; sporidia 8, narrowly cylindrical, somewhat curved, 8 x lp. Peziza cacalie—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 285; Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 122; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 307; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 569; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2090. Phialea cacalice—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 104. Exs.—Fckl, “ F. Rh.,” 2283; Berk. in Kew Herb. On seed-vessels of the common stock, and herbaceous stems. Cup about 500u broad; stem about 300u long, but sometimes nearly absent. The dimensions of sporidia given above are from Fuckel. L 146 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name—Cacalia, an herb; from its habitat, Guernsey, in Herb. Berk. ! Genus IV.—CatorospLentum. Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 356. Cup stipitate, concave or plane, glabrous, waxy, tough ; eruginous green or olivaceous. (Plate V. fig. 28.) Name—xAwpée, green, orAijv, the spleen; from the colour. Readily distinguished by their dark colour, olivaceous ov verdigris-green. They are often irregular in form, and the margin often repand. C. ewruginosus stains the wood on which it grows with its green mycelium. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. a. Sporidia elliptic oe oe . aie ++ species 1 B. Sporidia fusiform A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. ft Chlorospleniwm versiforme. (Pers.) Gregarious, stipitate or subsessile; cup concave, be- coming plane or convex, difformed or contorted; hyme- nium yellowish olive or fuliginous brown; stem slender, often absent ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 8 x 4; paraphyses filiform, slender. — Peziza versiformis—Pers., “Icon. et Deser.,” p. 25, t. 7, £. 7; “Syn. Fung.,.” p. 647; “Myco. Eur.,” p. 243; A. and &., p. 314 (6. livida) ; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 131; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p..141. Helotium versiforme —Berk., “ Outl,” p. 372, t. 2, £ 6; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2152; Gill, “Champ.” p. 158. Chlorosplenium versiforme—De Not., “Disc,” p. 22; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 102. Peziza bulgarioides—Rabh., “ Hedw.,” 1870, p. 136. Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1008, 1311; Berk., “ Brit. Fung.” 274; Thum., “Mycoth. Univ.,” 217; Berk., 274; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 988. CHLOROSPLENIUM. 147 On fir-cones and ash-stumps. Cup 5 lines broad; entire height about the same. Name—Verto, to turn, forma, shape; variable in form. Apethorpe ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM. 2. Chlorospleniwm ceruginosum. (“ Flo. Dan.”) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, head turbinate, then expanded, subflexuose, verdigris-green ; hymenium paler ; stem short, rather stout ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 10—14 x 3:5—45u4; paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate V. fig. 28.) Peziza wruginosa— Flo. Dan.,” t. 1260, f. 1; Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 617; and “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 219; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 180; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 202; “ Grev.,” t. 241; Sow., 347; “Flo. Dan.,” 534, 1260, f 1; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 41; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” 142. “Helotiwm eruginosum— Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 353; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 314; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2131; Berk., “ Outl,” 372; Gill. “Champ.,” p. 151,¢ i. Chloro- splenium eruginosum—Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. . 187. : Exs.—Berk., No. 281; Karst., Nos. 151, 459; Rav.,-v. No. 40; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1158; Phil. “Elv. Brit.’ No. 86; Ellis, “N. A. Fung.” 987; Roumg., “Fung. .Gal.,” 1858; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 389. On fallen oak branches, staining the wood on which it grows, for a considerable depth, of a deep verdigris- green, the wood so stained being employed as “green oak” in the manufacture of Tunbridge ware. The fully developed cups are much more rare than the green mycelioid state. The cups are 4 to 24 lines broad; the stem is very variable in length, and often carries more than one cup. The margin is often lobed, though generally regular. Name—4rugo, verdigris ; from the colour. Woods near Ludlow! 148 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Genus V.—BELONIDIUM. Mont. and Dur., “Flo. Alger.” Cup sessile or shortly stipitate, cyathiform or in- fundibuliform, mouth compressed when dry; cells of the excipulum elongate; texture firm; somewhat waxy ; asci 8-spored, paraphyses filiform; sporidia terete, obtuse or acute at the ends, septate, hyaline. (Plate V. fig. 29.) Name—fedorfe, a little needle; from the shape of the sporidia. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Stipitate or substipitate. (a) Sporidia fusiform .. oe . species 1, 2 B. Sessile. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong-elliptic » 38 (6) Sporidia fusiform - ae a4 » 4,5 (c) Sporidia filiform .. ae as » 6,7 Key To THe Species. Growing on wood Sea 1 Growing on herbaceous stems se ee 2 Hymenium pallid-white, substipitate sis minutissimum. : fae ca allid-ochraceousg, sessile 7 ventosum. Hymenium dingy-black, externally brown. . lacustre. 2. {Hymenium pallid or whitish as ve é Hymenium pallid or testaceous ns ss culmicolum. Externally brown ; sporidia fusiform, 3-septate pullum. 3.{ Externally blackish ; sporidia multiseptate excelsius. Externally horn-colour,; sporidia filiform .. Jilisporum, \ A. STIPITATE OR SUBSTIPITATE. (a) Sporidia fusiform. 1. Belonidium culmicolum. (Desm.) Cup cyathiform or almost campanulate, pallid or rosy white; the mouth, when dry, contracted, plicate, nearly closed; hymenium pallid or testaceous, or rosy ; stem very short, stout, or absent; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 3-septate, 283— 28 x 3—4y; paraphyses filiform, sometimes enlarged slightly at the apices. (Plate V. fig. 29.) Peziza culmicola—Desm., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1886, p 243. Belonidiwm vexatum—De Not., “ Dise.,” p. 26 BELONIDIUM. 149 Peziza vexata—Karst. “Mon. Pez,” p. 189; “Myco. Fenn.,” p.163. Phialea culmicola—Gill., “Champ.,” 103. Exs,—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” ed. ii. 519 and 221; Karst., “Fung. Fenn,” 545; Phil, “Hlv. Brit,” 116; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” 282, ed. ii. No. 28. On dead culms of Graminie. Cup about 500u broad. The margin is usually fimbriated, the cup fibroso-striate, the texture waxy. Name—Culmus, corn-straw, colo, to inhabit. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! 2. Belondiwm minutissinvum. (Batsch.) Cup at first clavate or obovate, then cupulate, pallid- white, glabrous; stem very short, attenuated at the base ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, curved, 4-septate, constricted at the septa, 30 x 6u; paraphyses filiform. ‘ Peziza minutissima—Batsch, f. 143; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1071, t. 15, f. 21; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2095. BP. Helminthosporii—Blox. in Herb. Kew. On Helminthosporia. Wintcr. Very minute. “ Pallid; cups clavate, substipitate ; margin incurved : sporidia 0014 inch (40u) long, quadriseptate. Interest- ing from the marked character afforded by the sporidia ” (B. and Br., 0. ¢.). Name—Minutus, minute ; very minute. Twycross! (Rev. A. Bloxam). Batheaston, near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome). B. SESSILE. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. 3. Belonidium lacustre. (Fries.) Sessile, applanate, orbicular, soft, waxy, plano-convex, dingy blackish ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, at length 1 to 3-septate; paraphyses filiform. 150 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Peziza lacustris—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 143; Nyl., “Pez, Fenn.,” p. 62; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2101. Nap- tera lacustris—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 359; De Not. in “Comm. Soe. Critt. Ital.” 5, 1863, p. 375; non Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 292; nee Curr., “Linn. Trans.,” vol. 25, p. 158. Patellaria aquatica—Curr., “ Linn. Trans.,” vol. 25, p. 155, t. 25, £ 23; “Scott. Nat.,” vi. 163. Mollisia lacustris—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 180. Exs.—Fries, “Sel. Suec.,” No. 173; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” No. 281. On culms of Scirpus, Arundo, ete. When young adnate, plano-convex, 4 a line broad, even, smooth, black, then dilated, plane, free beneath except the central point of adhesion, externally sooty black, quite black when dry; margin at first connivent, then open, inflexed, entire; disc turgid, soft, when moist dingy, when dry black (Fries, l. ¢.). After comparing the original specimen of Patellaria aquatica (Curr.) with an original specimen of Fries, “Sel. Suec.,” No. 173, in the Kew Herbarium, there can be no possible doubt of their identity. Name—Lacus, a lake; from the habitat. St. George’s Hill, Weybridge! and Paul’s Cray Common (Mr. F. Currey). (b) Sporidia fusiform. 4. Belonidiwm eacelsius. (Karst.) Cups gregarious, convex, livid or cinereous white, or pallid; when dry concave, the same colour or becoming blackish ; hymenium whitish or pallid; asci fusiform- clavate; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, ends sub-acute, multiguttulate, becoming multiseptate, 50—65 x 4—5y; paraphyses filiform, branched. ezrza, eacelsior—Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p.165. Mollisea excelsior—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 199; “Grevillea,” viii. p. 102; Steven., “Myco. Scot.,” p. 326. On dead culms of Arundo. August. Cup ¢ to § a line broad. This has a pseudo- BELONIDIUM. 151 parenchyma composed of subglobose cells below the margin, and oblong cells near and at the margin, which are umber-brown. Name—Lzacelsus, high, tall; from its very large sporidia. Grantown, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 5. Belonidiwm ventosum. (Karst.) Cups gregarious, from subspherical-applanate be- coming convex, at first totally cinereous, then cinereous- black ; hymenium pallid-ochraceous, or becoming totally cinereous-black ; margin elevated, very slightly fiexuose, obtuse; asci eylindraceo- -clavate or subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, often curved; 2 to 4-guttu- late, or spuriously and slenderly 3-septate, 10—20 x 2 —3'5u; paraphyses filiform. Peziza ventosa—Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 157; Phil. and Plow., “ Grevillea,” viii. p. 103; Steven., « Myco. Scot.,” p. 326. Mollisea ventosa—Karst., é Myco. Fenn.,” . 188. i Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 733; Phil. “ Ely. Brit.,” 173. On willow. Spring. Cup { to 1 line broad. Name—Ventosus, inconstant; from its inconstant colour. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Shrewsbury ! (c) Sporidia filiform. 6. Belonidium pullwm. Phil. and Keith. Scattered, sessile, at first hemispherical, then ex- panded, nearly plane; externally brown; hymenium watery cinereous; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia fusiform, 4 to 6-guttulate, becoming 3-septate, 25— 30 x 3—5u; paraphyses linear, slender. sou pullwm—Phil. and Keith in “ Grevillea,” p. 75. On Poa and Typha. Autumn. Cup 3 a line broad. The colour varies from pale 152 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. cinereous brown to chocolate-brown, and the dise pale watery cinereous or brownish; the margin is usually erect ; the sporidia in some of the specimens are narrowly fusiform, in others broader and more obtuse. It is very near Belonidiwm lacustre (Fries) and B. Scirpi (Rabh.), but is distinguished from both by the sporidia. Name—Pullus, blackish. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Near Shrewsbury ! 7. Belonidium filisporum. (Cooke.) Cups scattered or subgregarious, soft, hemispherical, then flattened; externally horn-colour or tawny, brown when dry, connivent; hymenium pallid, dirty white, slightly concave ; asci cylindrical, clavate ; sporidia fili- form, straight or curved, triseptate, 35 x 34; paraphyses filiform, simple. Peziza (Mollisea) filispora-—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iii. . 66. - On sheaths of grass. Allied to Peziza excelsior, Karst. (Cooke). Name—Filum, a thread, owdpoc, seed; from the slender sporidia. Genus VI—HEtotium. Fries (in part). Disc always open, at first punctiform, then dilated, plane or convex, waxy, naked, sessile, or with a short stout stem; asci cylindrical or subclavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, fusiform, clavate, oblong, or cylindrical. (Plate V. figs. 30, 31.) Name—jAog, a nail. Distinguished from Hymenoscypha by the shorter and thicker or absent stem, and the dise being open from the first; from Belonidiwm by the simple or at most 2-septate sporidia; and from Chlorospleniwm by the colour. Mostly yellow or brown, rarely white; epiphytal. HELOTIUM. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES, A. Stipitate or substipitate. (a) pole elliptic, 153 (a) On wood «+ species 1 (8) On herbaceous plants oe » 43 (y) On catkins .. is oe ” (6) Sporidia ob One LAD (a) On wood. oe » o-ll (ce) Sporidia fusiform or clavate. (a) On wood : os » 12-14 (8) On herbaceous stems. . : es » 15,16 (y) On leaves and fern-fronds .. » 17-22 (@) Sporidia linear. (a) On wood ae a a8 » 23 B. Sessile. (a) Sporidia oblong or oblong ellie: (a) On wood » 24, 25 (6) Sporidia fusiform or ‘oblong-fusiform. (a) On herbaceous stems or twigs » 26-28 (8) On cones : oe ‘ » 29 (c) Sporidia cylindrical. (a) On wood + ve oe » 380 (d) Sporidia doubtful .. 6 » 81-35 Key To THE SPECIES. A., STIPITATE. Hymenium brown .. ae $a ae eed Hymenium yellow .. oe o . 2 Hymenium white .. ase a Sa 38 Hymenium dark green +. Agaricinum. Hymenium honey-coloured; atem cylindrical, slender melleum. [ymentom pale umber ; stem stout.. Si +. subsessile. Hymenium ferruginuous; externally paler. . «+ ferrugineum. 1. {Hymenium pale brick-red ; stem delicately villous sublateritium. Hymenium testaceous or ochery pallid stem equal, paler .. ais salicellum. Hymenium pale yellowish-brown : on Marchantia Marchantiz. Hymenium bright yellow; externally pallid «. flavum. Hymenium lemon-yellow; externally the same colour citrinum. Hymenium pale ‘yellow; externally ‘pallid : on dead leaves H . sulphuratum. Hymenium pale yellow: margin paler: on dead wood pallescens. Hymenium pale yellow; margin repand: on Spirea repandum. 9, | Hymenium pale yellow; margin acute, repand : on . \ leaves immutabile. Hymenium yellow, dark brown beneath ; stem stout jibuliforme. Hymenium yellow; margin even, orbicular ; stem papilliform .. +» lenticulare. Hymenium pallid-ochraceous; ‘stem nearly ‘obsolete: on grass : oe +» graminium. Hymenium pallid-ochraceous : ‘on leaves Be epiphyllum. Hymenium egg-yellow ; margin paler, repand .. ilicis. 154 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Stem slender, very short : on catkins oe «» alntellum. Stem obconic ; margin obtuse; on roots .. +. politum. Stem obconic; cup semitransparent and repand: on 3,2. twigs . a as ». pileatum. * }Stem obconic: on wood. amberbe. Stem extremely short, thick, at times obsolete: on | wood .. ss ms i . a0 +» fagineum. Stem extremely short; cup hyaling;on leaves .. phyllophilum. B. SESSILE, Hymenium pale brown, sprinkled with shining particles ae ae a oes ae .. ochraceum, Hymenium bay-brown ae axe a +. badium. Hymenium yellow si . ol Hymenium white 3 . . 2 1 Hymenium yellow; margin crenulate punetiforme. Hymenium egg-yellow; margin raised, paler ne claroftavum. Hymenium pale yellow: on cones .. . a + conigenum. Hymenium lutescent: on Humulus .. = .. Humult. Hymenium chalk-white, pruinose: on dead wood.. pruinosum. Hymenium white, not pruinose: on herbaceous stems herbarum. 2, ¢Hymenium pallid, externally darker: on Cytisus.. scoparium, Hymenium pallid; flesh watery consistence: on mosses i a sk ope phascoides A. STIPITATE OR SUBSTIPITATE. (a) Sporidia elliptic. (a) On wood. 1. Helotiwm ferruginewm. (Schum.) Substipitate, obconic; hymenium concave, ferru- ginous-yellow; externally, as well as the tumid margin, pallid-yellow; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, subfusiform or clavate, 2-guttulate, 1O—13 x 3— Bus Beeler filiform, slender. (Plate V. fig. 80.) elottum ferrugineum—Berk. “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 962; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2161; Gilk, « Champ.,” p. 152. Peziza ferruginea—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 412; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 184; Bull, t. 300, ar. P. disciformis—Hoff., “Ieon. An.,” t. 16, f. 1-5. On dead oak twigs, ete. Autumn. Cups gregarious or scattered, about } to } a line broad ; at first concave, then plane, at length convex; flesh tinted brown; margin lighter in colour than the dise, HELOTIUM. 155 which is ferruginous; sporidia very variable in size and shape. Nearly allied to H. calyculus. Name—Ferrugo, iron rust; from the colour. Houghton! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). (8) On herbaceous stems and roots. 2. Helotiwm graminium (nov. sp.). Stipitate; cup plane or. convex, glabrous, pallid- ochraceous; stem short, rather stout, often slightly attenuated in the centre, expanding into the base of the cup; asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, with one or two guttule, 8—11 x 45; paraphyses slenderly fili- form. On grass. Spring. Cups 4 to 1} of a line broad, about the same high ; margin obtuse. Name—Gramineus, of or belonging to grass; from its habitat. King’s Lynn! (Mx. C. B. Plowright). 3. Helotiwm politwm (nov. sp.). Substipitate, plane or slightly concave, glabrous, white; margin even, obtuse; the short stem gradually enlarged from the base upwards into the cup; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, ends nearly pointed, 10—13 x 4—5p. On roots of some small plant under the surface of the soil in a plantation. November. Cup 4 to 2 of a line broad, the short stem tapering downwards to a point. When moist, shining. Name—Politus, polished. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! (y) On catkins. 4. Helotiwm alniellum. (Nyl.). Cup shortly stipitate, plane, white or pallid-white ; stem slender, short or very short; asci cylindraceo- 156 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or fusiform, 3-guttulate, 6—12 x 2—4u; paraphyses scarce. Peziza almella—Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 45; Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 140. Helotvwm alniellum—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 129. Helotium Grenseri—Auersw. in Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” ed. ii. No. 1122; “Scott. Nat.,” vi. 124, Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” ed. ii, No. 1122. On catkins of Alnus glutinosus. ; , Cup 3 to 3a line broad, sessile or subsessile, pallid- white or yellowish. , Name—Alnus, the generic name of the alder-tree. Forres, N.B.! (Dr. Keith). Scarborough! (Mr. Massee). (6) Sporidia oblong-elliptic. (a) On wood. 5. Helotiwm fibuliforme. (Bolt.) Cup stipitate, convex, yellow, fleshy, rather firm; dark brown beneath, as well as the short, thick, sub- villose stem; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia oblong or fusiform, 2-guttulate, 9—12 x 2—4u. Helvella fibulsformis—Bolt., t. 176. Peziza fibuli- formis—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 155; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 207. Helotiwm fibuliforme—Berk., “Outl.,” p. 871; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2126; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 158. On sticks of elm in water; also on ash in like situations. Cup 14 to 3 lines broad, about 24 lines high. It consists of a little hard pileus, smooth, slippery, and of a yellow-ochre colour on the upper side. It is supported by a round stem, a line in length; of a solid and firm consistence ; and, together with the under side of the pileus, is of a dusky black (Bolt., l. c.). Name—/ibula, a button, forma, shape. Bell Bank, near Bingley (Bolton). Bettws-y-Coed ! 6. Helotiwm flavum. (Klotzsch.) Gregarious, stipitate; cup at first subpyriform, then expanded; hymenium bright yellow ; externally pallid; HELOTIUM. 157 glabrous stem, rather short, tapering to the base; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, rarely sub- clavate, 20 x 4-5; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza flava—Klotzsch in Kew Herb.! On decorticated wood. Cup about } to } a line broad. Name—Flavus, yellow. 7. Helotiwm lenticulare. (Bull.) Cup substipitate or sessile, fleshy, firm, convex, ad- pressed to the wood, luteus; stem papilleform, often nigrescent; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, oblong-elliptic, or clavate, 10—15 x 3—45yu. Helotiwm lenticulare—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 203; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2147; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 315; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 154. Peziza lenticularis—Bull, t. 300, f. a, c; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1294, f 1. P. aurea—Sow., t. 150. HH. nigripes—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 412; Pers., “Myco. Eur.” p. 544, On dead wood. Autumn. About 1 line broad, nearly sessile, glabrous, bright yellow, convex. The sporidia were derived from Sowerby’s original specimen in Herb. Berk. Name—Lenticularis, form of a little lens. 8. Helotium citrinum. (Hedw.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, plano-concave, lemon- yellow, waxy, firm, glabrous; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-elliptic, 2 to 3-guttulate, often pseudo-uniseptate, 7—15 x 3u; paraphyses filiform. Octospora citrina—Hedw., “Mus. Frond.,” ii. p. 28. Helotiwm citrinum—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 355; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2145; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 120. Peziza citrina—Batsch, fig. 208; Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 663; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 181; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 32; “Mon. Pez.,” p. 148; Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 43; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 815. Phialea citrina—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 109. 158 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” No. 29; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” No. 80 and 458; Moug. and Nest., No. 784; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.” No. 41; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 704; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.,” 446, 650. On dead stumps and naked wood, Autumn. Cup from } to 1 line broad. Gregarious or crowded ; clear citrine-yellow.. Name—Citrus, lemon; lemon-yellow. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Penicuick, near Edin- burgh ! Cawdor, N.B.! Leigh Woods, near Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Forden, Montgomeryshire! (Rev. J. E. Vize). Downton, Salop! Wrekin, Salop! Trefrew, North Wales! Clungunford, Salop ! 9. Helotiwm pallescens. (Pers.) Cup shortly stipitate, concave or plane, waxy, pale yellow or whitish, inclining to pallid, glabrous; stem short, rather stout, or absent; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia elliptic or oblong, pseudo-uniseptate, 8—11 x 2 —4u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Helotium pallescens—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 855; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2146; Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 114 (?); Gill,“Champ.,” p. 109. Peziza pal- lescens—Pers., “ Obs.” p. 85; “Syn. Fung.” p. 664; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 182; “Eng. Flo.,” p. 203. Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 640. On dead stumps. Autumn. Cup about 4 to 1 line broad, nearly sessile, firm, waxy texture, margin paler than the disc, and regular. Name—Pallesco, to grow pale. Leigh Woods, near Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). North Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Shrewsbury ! 10. Helotium subsessile. Schum. Cups very shortly stipitate or sessile, plano-convex, pale umber, externally pallid; stem umber-brown at the base; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, sublanceolate, 2 to 8-nucleate. HELOTIUM. 159 Helotium subsessile—Schum., “ Saell.,” p. 415; Berk., “Qutl,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.” No. 2153. Peziza helotioides—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 185; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 573; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1855, f. 3. On dead branches. October. Of a dull ochre rather than umber. The stem is very thick, obconical, and merely a prolongation of the pileus ; the hymenium convex (Berkeley). No specimen of this exists in Mr. Berkeley’s herbarium. Name—Sub, somewhat, sessilis, sitting; nearly stem- less. King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 11. Helotium fagineum. (Pers.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, plane or convex, whitish or yellowish, glabrous, waxy, firm; stem short, thick, or absent; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, or oblong-elliptic, 13 X 4; paraphyses scarce. Helotium fagineum—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 356; Berk., “Outl,” p. 872; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2158; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 315. Peziza faginea— Pers., “ Tent. Disp. Meth.,” p. 34; “Myco. Eur.,” p. 296; A. and §., p. 334; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 1386; Seop., “ Ann.,” iv. t. 2,f. 3; Johns., “Flo. Ber.,” ii. p. 150; “ Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 204; “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 963*. Exs.—Fckl., “ F. Rh.,” 1146. On beech-mast. Autumn. Cup about 4 to 1 line broad; gregarious or crowded. Name—Fagus, beech ; growing on beech. Near Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Wrekin, Salop! Glamis (Rev. J. Fergusson). (a) Sporidia fusiform or clavate. (a) On wood. 12. Helotiwm salicellum. Fries. Cup shortly stipitate, plane, adpressed, orbicular, firm, testaceous or ochery pallid; stem equal, paler; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, 160 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. straight or slightly curved, 2 to 4-guttulate, or spuriously 1 to 3-septate, 25—30 x 5—7y; paraphyses filiform, stout. Helotium salicellum—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 356; Berk., “Outl,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2151; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 157. Peziza salicella—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 183; B. and Br, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 573*; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 84; “Mon. Pez.,” p. 184; Nyl, “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 45. Exs—Rabh., “Fung. Eur,” 1707; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 558. On branches of Salia. August to October. Cup 3 to 1 line broad. The measurement of sporidia is from Drs. Nylander and Karsten. Name—Salia, a willow; growing on a willow. Neatishead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Nescliffe, Salop ! Shrewsbury ! 13. Helotium mellewm. B. and Br. Pallid honey-colour; stem short, cylindrical; cups plane, flexuose ; margin elevated, inflexed ; asci elongated, lanceolate ; sporidia biseriate, fusiform, curved on one side, multiguttulate, 30u. Helotium metlewm—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1487; “Grevillea,” iii. p. 122. On rotten wood. “ About a line broad; stem half as much high, Allied to H. luteolum” (B. and Br.). Name—Melleus, like honey ; the colour of honey. New Pitsligo (Rev. J. Fergusson). 14. Helotiwm pileatum. Karst. Cup stipitate, slightly concave, becoming convex; margin deflexed, frequently repando-lobate, whitish, livid, or pallid with a bluish tinge; stem short, thickened upwards; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic or oblong-fusiform, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, ae x 5—7u; paraphyses filiform, stoutish, granular within. HELOTIUM. 161 Helotium pileatum—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 130. On dead twigs, buried under the soil in very damp places. Autumn. Cups about 1 line broad, about the same in height; Scattered, glabrous, semitransparent, but firm. This has the largest sporidia of any British species I am acquainted with. Name—Pileatus, wearing a cap; from the capitate head. (8) On herbaceous stems. 15. Helotium sublateritium. B. and Br. Pallid, brick-red ; stem short, cylindrical, delicately whitish villose, becoming ‘smooth; cups plane, veined beneath; margin elevated; asci linear; sporidia uni- seriate, shortly fusiform, biguttate, 25 x 5y. Helotium sublateritium—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1488 ; “Grevillea,” iii. p. 122. On stems of herbaceous plants. Name—Sub, somewhat, later, a brick; somewhat brick-red. Glamis, N.B. 16. Helotiwm repandwm (nov. sp.). Cup shortly stipitate, plane, repand, thin, pale yellow, margin sublobate; stem very short, attenuated at the base; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, sub. cylindrical or oblong-elliptic, 7—10 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, slender. On Spirea ulmaria in damp places. Cup about 4 to 4 a line broad. Name—Repandus, bent backwards. Scotland ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (y) On leaves and fronds. 17. Helotium sulphuratum. (Schum.) Cup stipitate or subsessile, at first orbicular, con- cave, then expanded, margin entire, between sulphur M 162 BRITISH DISCOMYOETES. and lemon-colour; externally, as well as the tumid margin, pallid; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 2 to 3-guttulate, 12—17 x 83—4'5y; paraphyses filiform, slender, sometimes branched. ‘ Peziza sulphurata—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 4285 Flo. Dan.,” t. 1915, f. 2; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” il. p. 72; Pezizn thejocroa—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 296; “Scott. Nat., vi. 122. On the ground in pine woods; on fallen leaves of pine. Autumn. ; Cups } to 2 lines broad; gregarious, at first slightly floccose; the stem is short, not unfrequently absent. The sporidia are nearly pointed at the extremities. Name—Sulphuratus, dressed with brimstone ; from its colour. : Cawdor, N.B.} 18. Helotium immutabdile. Fckl. Epiphyllous, of a pale unchangeable yellow; the cups are scattered, and sessile or attenuated into a very short concolorus stem, plane, acutely margined, orbicular or slightly repand; asci clavate; sporidia 8, obliquely uni- seriate, oblong-ovate, straight, continuous, hyaline, 11—12 X 3—5u; paraphyses filiform. Helotium immutabile—F ckl., “Symb. Myco.,” nacht. i. p. 50. Exs.— F, Bh,,” No. 2388. On fallen leaves of Populus tremula. Cups 1 to 1°5 lines broad. Distinguished from H. epiphyllum not only by the constancy of the colour, but also the smaller and differently shaped asci and sporidia. Name—Immutabilis, unchangeable. Near Shrewsbury ! 19. Helotium phyllophilum. (Desm.) Cup plano-concave, becoming convex, glabrous, hyaline-white or yellowish white ; stem short, or nearly HELOTIUM. 163 absent; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight, or curved, 11 x 2:5u; paraphyses filiform. Peziza phyllophila—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.” Helotiwm phyllophilwum—Karst., “ Symb.,” p. 239. Pezicula phyllo- phila—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 167. Helotiwm albo- punctum—Bucknall, “ Fung. Bristol,” No. 805. Phialea phyllophila—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 105. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1159. On dead leaves of Acer, Fagus, etc. Autumn and winter. : Cup about 1} lines broad; gregarious or scattered. Nearly obconical in outline at first, the cup at length expands, and the disc is slightly concave, and at length often convex. Name—giArov, a leaf, piroc, loving; from its habitat. Leigh Downs, Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 20. Helotiwm epiphyllwm. Fries. Cup subsessile, convexo-plane, marginate, pallid- ochraceous, smooth, firm; stem very short or absent; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong- elliptic, straight or bent, 3 to 4-guttulate, 12—15 x 4; parapbyses filiform, slender. Helotium epiphyllwm—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 356; Berk., “Outl,” p. 372; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 155, ci. Peziza epiphylla—Pers., “ Tent. Disp. Meth.,” p. 72; “Syn. Fung.,” p. 669; A and S&., p. 339; Fries, “Sys. Myoo.,” li. p. 187; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 85; “Mon. Pez,” p. 143; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 46; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 316. Exs.—F kl, No. 1145; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 722 ; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 1264. On dead leaves. Cup about 4 to 14 lines broad. Name—ézi, upon, @éAAov, a leaf; from its habitat. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Cawdor, N.B. ! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Leigh Woods, near Bristol! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). 164 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 21. Helotiwm ilicis (nov. sp.). Sessile, plane or concave, glabrous, waxy, vitelline ; margin paler, obtuse, repand; asci clavate, pointed at the summit; sporidia fusiform, biguttulate, at length pseudo-uniseptate, 6—9 x 2°54; paraphyses filiform. Helotiwm epiphyllum, var. ilicina—Phil, “ Elv. Brit., No. 134, On holly leaves. Cup } of a line broad. Name—lIlew, the holly ; from its habitat. Shrewsbury! Carlisle! (Dr. Carlyle). 22. Helotiwm Marchantie. Berk. Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, rather thick, plane, marginate, flexuose, pale yellowish brown; stem very short or absent, obconical; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 12—15 x 3—5y ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Helotiwm Marchantie—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372 ; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2160; Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 356; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 123. Peziza Marchantioe— Berk., “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 204. On fading Marchantia hemispherica. May. Cup about $ to 2 ofa line broad, “smooth, head quite confluent with the thick stem, so as to be irregularly and obtusely obconic; flesh white; hymenium thin” (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). i Name—Marchantia, a genus of Hepatice ; from its habitat. Whittlesea Mere (Rev. M. J. Berkeley), (d) Sporidia linear. (a) On wood. 23. Helotiwm imberbe. (Bull.) Cup turbinate, becoming plano-concave, subflexuous, fleshy or waxy, smooth, white; stem short or nearly ees asci (?); sporidia 8, linear, slightly curved, 10u ong. HELOTIUM. 165 Peziza imberbis—Bull, “ Champ.,” t. 467, £2; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii p. 186; D. C., “Flo. Fr.” ii p. 81; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2094. Peziza nivea—Batsch, “EL,” p. 117, £59. Helotiwm imberbe—Berk., “ OutL.,” p. 18; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 162. Exs.—Fckl, No. 1148. On willow. Name—Imberbis, without a beard; without hairs, Mossburnford, B. SESSILE, (a) Sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic. (a) On wood. 24, Helotwwm claro-flavum. (Grev.) Cup very shortly stipitate or sessile, plane, clear yellow, glabrous ; margin raised, obtuse, sublobate; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 7—10 X 2—3y; paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate V. fig. 31.) _ e Peziza claro-flava—Grev., “Flo. Edin,” p. 424; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 2038. Helotvwm claro-flavum (Grev)— Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2150. On decayed wood and branches. Autumn. Cups very minute, the largest not 4 a line broad, always concave; whole plant very bright yellow; hyme- nium darker (Grev.). I find the cups more frequently lane. : Name—Clarus, clear, flavus, light yellow. Braid Hermitage, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). Wrekin, Salop ! 25. Helotiwm pruinosum. Jerd. Cup sessile, plane, thick, firm, marginate or im- marginate, chalky white, pruinose; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 3 to 4-cutiulate, becoming 2-septate, 20—22 x 4u; paraphyses filiform, slender. 166 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Helotium pruinoswm—Jerd., B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1174, t. 5, £ 88; Cooke, “Handbk,” No. 2154, ; . Exs—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” No. 575; ed. ii. 390 ; Phil, “Ely. Brit.” No. 89; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur., 1514; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.” 2771. ; On Hypoxylon fuscum and Diatrype stagma ; on dead wood. Autumn. ean Cup about 4a line broad. The hymenium is often bluish, and nearly always chalky. . Name—Prwina, hoar-frost ; from the hoary dise. Derbyshire (Mr. J. Renny). Leigh Woods, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall), Near Shrewsbury! Llany- blodwell, Oswestry ! (b) Sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform. (a) On herbaceous stems or twrgs. 26. Helotiwm herbarwm. (Pers.) Cup very shortly stipitate or sessile, plane or convex, firm, white ; stem extremely short or absent; asci cylin- draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, 2 to 3-guttulate, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 12— 15 x 2-—-4u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Helotiuwm herbarum (Pers.)—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 356; Berk., “Outl,” p. 872; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2156; Fckl.,“Symb. Myco.,” p. 316; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 162, ci. Peziza herbarwm—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 186; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 204; Karst., “Pez. et. Ascob.,” p. 84; “Mon. Pez,” 146; Nyl, “ Pez. Fenn,” p. 45. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” ed. i. 603; ed. ii 568; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. 227; Karst, “ Fung. Fenn.,” 81;. Fekl, “EF, Bh,” 1147; Phil, “Ely. Brit,” 873 Cooke, “Fung. Brit,” ser. ii, 391; Roumg, “Fung. Gal.,” 451. On dead herbaceous stems in moist woods. Autumn. Name—Herba, an herb; on herbs, Forres (Rev. Dr. Keith). Rose Hill, near Sh bury! Wrekin, Salop! ) rewsbury HELOTIUM. 167 27. Helotitum Humuli. (Lasch.) Cup very shortly stipitate or sessile, convex, becoming slightly concave, lutescent, firm; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, slender, 2 to 3-guttulate, becoming uniseptate, straight or slightly curved, 16—20 x 4u. Peziza Hwmuli—Lasch. in Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed. li, 221, and ed. i. 630. Helotiwm Humuli—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 112. Peziza Humilis—Desm., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1847, notice 84. Exs.—Roumg,, “ Fung. Gal.,” 1859. On dead stems of Humulus Lupulus. Cup 1 line broad, scattered, mostly sessile, thick, waxy, glabrous, at first globose, then the disc becomes slightly depressed, almost marginate. The colour is at tirst white; it then changes to pale yellow or pale brown. Name—Humutus, the hop; on hops. Llanymynach ! 28. Helotiwm badiwm (nov. sp.). Gregarious, erumpent, sessile, at first turbinate and slightly concave, at length plane; hymenium bay-brown, margin distinct and somewhat lighter; externally the same colour, glabrous; asci broadly clavate, rather abruptly narrowed at the base; sporidia 8, oblong- fusiform or subclavate, 3 to 5-guttulate, 20 x 5u; para- physes filiform, slender. On dead twigs (willow ?) Cup 4 to 1 line broad; margin entire and even. It has a general likeness to H. ferruginewm, but differs altogether in the fruit. Botanic Garden, Oxford ! 1822 (Mr. Baxter). (8B) On cones. 29. Helotium conigenum. (Pers.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, plane, at length convex, pale yellow or pallid, glabrous; stem thick, 168 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. short, at length obliterated; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 6 X 2u. ; . Helotium conigenum (Pers.)—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372 ; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No, 2185; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 126; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 316; Gill., “Champ.,” p. 159. Peziza congena—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 634; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 189; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 205; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 49; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 36 ; “Mon. Pez.,” p. 152. On cones of Scotch fir in damp spots. Autumn. Cup } to 4 a line broad; gregarious; stem often reduced to a mere point. Nylander and Karsten give the size of sporidia as 7-—8 x 3°5yu. Name—Conwus, a ccne, gignere, to bear ; on cones. Near Shrewsbury! Buttington, Montgomeryshire ! (c) Sporidia cylindrical. (a) On wood. 30. Helottum scoparium. Cooke. Cup sessile, convex, becoming greyish in drying, dise rather paler; asci clavate; sporidia 8, cylindrical, obtuse, straight or curved, biguttulate, at length pseudo- septate, 20—25 x 54; paraphyses filiform, granular. Helotiwm scoparvwm—Cooke, “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 112. On dead twigs of broom, Cup % a line broad; scattered or subgregarious; asci 100u long, 29u broad. Name—Scoparius, brown; on broom. Dupplin Castle, Perth (Dr. M. C. Cooke). (d) Sporidia doubtful. 31. Helotiwm punctiforme. (Grev.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, punctiform, globose becoming expanded, at length convex, fleshy, glabrous, yellow ; margin crenulate. ; Peziza punctiformis—Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo,” ¢ 63. Helotium punctatum—Fries, “Summa Veg. Sean.,” HELOTIUM. 169 p. 856; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2159. On dead oak leaves. Name—Punctum, a point, forma, shape; from the shape. Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). 32. Helotium phascoides. Fries. Of a waxy or watery consistence, minute, pallid, with a brick-red tinge; head turbinate, plane; stem short, sub-equal. Peziza phascoides—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 138; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 204. Helotiwm phascoides—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” 355 ; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 21386. On small mosses. “Mr. Wilson’s specimens are subgregarious and perhaps a less red tinge, as far as may be judged from the dry plant, but there is no doubt that they are what Fries intends” (Berk. in “Eng. Flo.,” Ul. ¢). I have not seen this; it is not in Mr. Berkeley’s herbarium. Name—Phascum, the genus of mosses on which it grows. 33. Helotium ochracewm. (Grev.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, smooth, yellowish- brown, fleshy; disc paler, concave, plane, or convex, sprinkled with granular shining particles; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8. Helotiuwm ochraceum—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2148. Peziza ochracea—Grev., t. 5; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 204 On the bark of a fallen tree. Autumn. Plants minute, gregarious, of an ochery brown colour, globular and concave in the young state, and gradually becoming plane or even somewhat convex ; substance thick and fleshy, not shrinking much in drying ; margin depressed, rounded, entire, somewhat showing a tendency \ 170 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. to become lobed; barren or inferior surface smooth, rather rugose or puckered towards the root; hymenium or upper surface appearing as if sprinkled with minute shining particles, not unlike small grains of brown sugar ; tubular cells containing the sporules, filiform, mixed with barren filaments ; sporules 5 to 8 (Grev., l. ¢.). Name—Ochraceus, colour of yellow ochre. Braid Hermitage, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville) Shrewsbury (Rev. W. A. Leighton). 32. Helotium agaricinuin. Berk. Firm, dark green, convex, rather uneven; margin revolute; stem rather thick, obconic ; asci long, flexuous, obtuse. Peziza agaricina—Carm., MSS., “ Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 207; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2127. On decayed wood. Plant 14 to 2 lines broad, very much resembling at first sight Helotiwm virens (Pers. in litt.), but on closer inspection quite different (“ Eng. Flo.”). 33. Helotiwm buccina. Fries. Rather large, infundibuliform, dull yellow; stem thickened, striate, somewhat incurved. Peziza buccina—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 129; “Eng, Flo.,” v. p. 202. Helotium buccina—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan,” 355;, Berk. “Outl,” p. 872; Cooke, “ Handbk,,” 2141. On wood and pine branches. Rare. Carmichael’s original specimen (129, Kew. Herb.) is + of an inch broad, 4 high, and decidedly gelatinoso- cartilaginous. It is, to me,a Guepinia, there being no asci present. Carmichael considered it a V'remella. 34. Helotiwm sclerotioides. Berk. Convex, umbilicate, clear red-brown, concave ben > d ? > eath, and confluent with the short obconic stem ; asci slender: sporidia (?). Peziza sclerotioides—Berk. in “Eng. Fung.,” v. p. MOLLISIA. 171 208. Helotiwm sclerotioides—-Berk., “Outl.,” 871; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2128. On decayed wood. At first sight resembling Sclerotiwm .quercigenwm ; about 1 line broad (M. J. Berkeley). The only specimen under this name I have seen is in the Kew Herbarium, and it has no fruit. Appin (Carmichael). Near Bristol (Mr. A. Leipner). Genus VII—Mottist4. Fries. Minute, sessile, urceolate, cupulate or plane; sub- stance soft, rarely waxy; exterior glabrous or furfura- ceous, even or plicate; sporidia 8, minute, globose, elliptic, fusiform or filiform, hyaline, simple or l-septate. (Plate VI. figs, 32-36.) . Growing on vegetable substances. For the most part darker in colour and softer than Helotium ; the minute pore by which the cup opens visible from the first. Never hairy or even tomentose. Name—WMollis, soft. ARRANGEMENT OF SUBGENERA. I. Niptera aie oe ss +. 2 -» I-11 Il. Pyrenopeziza 4 2 ae o ». 12-32 III. Dilutelia : ote , ore .. 83-37 IV. Mollisiella 7 . ons 38-46 V. Hysteropeziza os 4 os .- o 47 VI. Pseudopeziza a af i «. 48-51 VII. Peristomealis a ae oe . -- 52 Key to True SUBGENERA, Margin furnished with a peristome .. o. -- Peristomealis. Margin not furnished with a peristome .. 1 Emerging when moist through a narrow black slit .. Hysteropeziza. 1. {Emerging when moist through the epidermis by a lacerated aperture (resembling slneieniay .. Pseudopeziza. (Seated on the epidermis .. oe ee Texture rather firm; cups plane... »- Niptera. Texture soft ; cups globose (mostly black)... .. Pyrenopeziza, Texture soft, "scarcely pear at leugth expanded 3 5. Glabrous f ats és a .. Dilutella, Minutely granulated . ae es ee ee «. Mollisiella. 172 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. SuscEenus I—Niprera. Fckl. (in part). Cup sessile, concave or plane, soft or waxy, glabrous or granulose ; sporidia ovate or fusiform, simple, some- times l-septate- (Plate VI. fig. 32.) Name—Niptrum, a basin; from the shape. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia ovate, apiculate .. as .. species 1 B. Sporidia oblong-elliptic .. ae ae ae ee o. Sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform .. ” (a) On wood es oe os aie » 3-5 (b) On fir-cones .. .e oe ee » 6 (c) On herbaceous stems ee ats » 7-10 (d) On culms of Arundo ae ee » Il Key To THE SPECIES. Hymenium yellow .. or oe aa o I Hymenium grey oe oe oe ee «ee Hymenium pallid... sie ee oe «. 38 1 Externally ochery-yellow .. oe a. .» Teuerti. Externally umber-brown . an es ++ discolor. Externally watery cinereous .. oe se .. Ddenesueda. Externally greenish-brown .. o. we +. aquosa, Externally cinereous or livid; margin paler than 2.4 diso .. oe oe ae Sa we .. cinerea.” Externally rufous; margin fimbriate as .. urticicola. Externally brownish-black .. an oe «. fallax. (Externally black a oe ee ae a 4 3 Exterior pallid: on Arundo .. ae ne +. arundinacea. -{Eaterion pallid: on Peltigera canina oo «» epithallina. Warren fimbriate oe a oe ve +. cyanites, * \Margin entire oe oe os oe +. atro-cinerea, A. SPORIDIA OVATE, APICULATE. 1. Mollisia aquosa. (B. and Br.) Cup at first closed, then expanded, plane, or slightly concave, greenish-brown, smooth; hymenium watery grey; sporidia biseriate, ovate, apiculate, 5—6 x 2:5— [Le Peziza (Mollisia) aquosa—B. and Br. in “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1826, t. xx. f, 19; “Greville,” i. p. 130. On or with Spheria hirsuta, on willow. J anuary. Resembling P. cinerea, but smoother and more con- MOLLISIA. 173 cave when young, with totally different spores. Cup 024 inch diameter, growing on Spheria hirsuta, and its mycelium, accompanied by a brown mould, consisting of erect, simple, articulated threads, surmounted by a single oblong uniseptate spore, 0005 inch (12) long; asci ‘002 inch (50); sporidia ‘0002 to 00025 inch (5 to 6) long, 0001 to ‘00015 inch (2'5 to 3'5u) wide; bright orange when treated with iodine (B. and Br.). Name—A qua, water ; watery. B. SPORIDIA OBLONG-ELLIPTIC. 2. Mollisia epithallina. Phil. and Plow. Congregated, sessile, disciform, immarginate, pallid- white; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, 8 X 24; paraphyses slender, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza (Mollisia) epithallina—Phil. and Plow. in “ Grevillea,” vi. p. 24. On thallus of Peltigera canina. Namé—mi, upon, Saddoe, a branch or thallus of a lichen ; from its habitat. King’s Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR OBLONG-FUSIFORM, (d) On wood. 3. Mollisia cinerea. (Batsch.) Cups gregarious or scattered, at first urceolate, at length applanate, cinereous or nearly livid; margin entire, whitish, not unfrequently repand or flexuose; hymenium when dry cinereous, yellowish, or becoming blackish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform, straight or curved, 5—12 x 1—2u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza cinerea—Batsch, p. 196, f. 187; Pers., “ Obs.,” ii. p. 80; “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 302; Wahl., “Flo. Suec.,” ii. 174 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. p- 1080; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 142; Sow., t. 64; With., v. p. 812; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 205; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 37; “Mon. Pez.,” p. 158; Nyl., “Fung. Fenn.,” p. 60; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2100, Peziza callosa— Bull, t. 416, f. 1; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1490, f 2. Peziza salicaria—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 308. Trochila salicaria—De Not., “Disc.,” p. 15. Mollisia cinerea— Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 189; Gill. “Champ.,” p. 134 Niptera cinerea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 292. Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i, No. 1421, ed. ii. No. 921; Karst. “Fung. Fenn.,” No. 735; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” No. 390, ed. ii. 382; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.” No. 125; Rabh., “Fung. Eur,” No. 2116 and 1643; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 831. On decaying wood. Autumn to spring. Cup 4 to 2 line broad. “Often crowded, equal or lobed, and waved at the margin; hymenium pale or grey, watery, paler towards the circumference; substance soft and sometimes almost gelatinous” (Grev.). This should be compared with Lachnella Schumacheri. Name—Cinis, ashes ; ash-colour. Found everywhere. 4, Mollisia benesuada. (Tul.) Gregarious or fasciculate erumpent, sessile, at first subhemispherical, then expanded, becoming convex, difformed, waxy; externally glabrous, watery cinereous ; hymenium pallid or brownish; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform, hyaline, 10 X 2:5u. Peziza benesuada—Tul., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1853, t. 15, f. 8, 9. Exs.—Phil., “Elv. Brit..” No. 175; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 756 ; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 653. On dead branches of alder. Cups about 4 a line broad. These burst out through the bark in little heaps, much crowded and difformed. The supposed spermatia are rarely to be met with. This is very near M. cinerea and M. fallax. Name—Bene, well, suadeo, to persuade; from afford- MOLLISIA. 175 ing evidence of the author’s views on the question of reproductive bodies. Near Ludlow, Salop! Neatishead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 5. Mollisia discolor. (Mont.) Gregarious, suberumpent, sessile, waxy, plano-patel- late, externally umber-brown; hymenium wax-yellow ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline, 4-guttulate, 8 X 2u. Patellaria discolor—Mont., “Syl,” p. 190; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 373; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2169. On dead wood; on branches of Cornus sanguinea (Mont.). Cup } to} aline; crowded or scattered ; when young subhemispherical, at length expanded; dise bluish or cinereous, or brownish ; the pseudo-parenchyma consists of brown subglobose cells, Name—Discolor, of various colours. Var. Riccia (Sace.). Niptera Riccia—Sace., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” p. 162, t. xvi. f. 3-6. Exs.—Sace., “ Fung. Ven.,” iv. 33. Differing in its mode of growth, having lobed margin. Gopsall! (Bloxam). Sutton Coldfield! (W. B. Grove). (b) On fir-cones. 6. Mollisia fallax. (Desm.) Cups scattered or crowded, at first hemispherical, at length applanate, brownish-black; margin entire, sub- involute, paler; hymenium cinereous or discoloured brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or fusiform, straight, at length uniseptate, 10 x 2u; para- physes scarce. Peziza fallax—Desm. (non Pers., “Myco. Eur.”), “Ann, Se. Nat: 1845, p. 367. Mollisia fallaw—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 119. Exs.—-Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 1420, ed. ii. No. 920; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.,” 1253. 176 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On cones of Pinus sylvestris. Cup $ to}a line broad. This differs from P. cinerea (Batsch) in the browner shade, and always occurring on cones. Name—Fallax, deceitful; from its resemblance to others. Generally distributed. (e) On herbaceous stems. 7. Mollisia cyanites (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil. Gregarious, minute, sessile, concave, then plane, black; margin fimbriate; hymenium bluish grey; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindraceo-fusiform, elongated, 5 to 7-guttulate, 25 X 3u; paraphyses filiform, slender. On herbaceous stems. Cup $ to } of a line broad. Name—xéavoe, dark blue. Scotland (?); Klotzsch in Kew Herbarium. ! 8. Mollisia atro-cinerea. (Cooke.) Gregarious or scattered, sessile, slightly concave or plane; externally black, glabrous; hymenium cinereous; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylindrical, straight or curved, 5—7 xX Iu; paraphyses not seen. Peziza atro-cinerea—Cooke in Exs. “ Fung. Brit.,” No. 382. On herbaceous stems (2). Cups } to 1 of a line broad. Name—Ater, black, cinis, ashes; from the black exterior and the ashy dise. 9. Mollisia Teucrit. (Fckl.) Gregarious, sessile, watery transparent, very pale yellowish-white, somewhat ochery-yellow, at first nearly closed, excavated, becoming plane, orbicular, marginate, outside the margin scarcely pubescent; hymenium same colour, when dry becoming yellow; asci cylindrical, globose-stipitate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or fusiform, 8 X lu; paraphyses filiform, - MOLLISIA. 177 Niptera Teucrii—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” supp. i p. 4°7. Exs.—FckL, “F. Rh.,” 2378; Phil. “Elv. Brit.,” No, 181. On dead stems of Teuwcriwm scorodonia, in damp places. Cups 500u broad, often crowded, when dry nearly black ; asci with a subglobose base. Name—Teucriwm, a genus of Labiacee, Trefrew, North Wales! 10. Mollisia urticicola. Phil. Gregarious, sessile, subhemispherical, becoming nearly plane, externally glabrous, pale rufous-brown; margin fimbriate ; hymenium from pale cinereous to pale brown; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylin- drical, 7 X 1u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza wrticicola—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 177. On dead stems of Urtica, lying in a damp place occasionally inundated. Cups about 500u broad. Name—Urtica, the nettle, colo, to inhabit. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! (d) On culms of Arundo, ll. Mollisia arundinacea. (D. C.) Gregarious, erumpent, sessile, plane, orbicular, thin, waxy; hymenium pallid, becoming fuliginous; margin narrow, darker; asci cylindraceo-clavate: sporidia narrowly fusiform, 10—15 x 2u. Xyloma arundinacewm—D. C., “Flo. Fr.,” vi. p. 162; Eustegia arundinacea—Fries, “Sys. Myco.” ; “Elench.,” p. 112; “Grevillea,” iv. p. 67. Stegia arundinacea—F ck, “Symb. Myco.,” supp. i. p. 328. Exs.—Moug. and Nest, No. 983; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” 11, No. 380. On culms of Arundo Phragmites. About 4 of a line broad; usually seated on a blackish N 178 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. or brownish space. When old the hymenium separates from the excipulum in the manner of an operculum, which led the illustrious Fries to place it in his genus Eustegia. Name—Arundinaceus, belonging to a reed. Shrewsbury ! Supcenus II.—Pyrenopeziza. Fckl. (in part). Cup erumpent or superficial, globose, then expanded’ opening at first by a minute pore; glabrous or fur- furaceous, often vertically plicate, black, cinereous, or dark brown (except elajhines) ; sporidia elliptic, fusiform or filiform, simple, rarely uniseptate, hyaline. (Plate VI. fig. 33. N mete a kernel, and peziza ; from the globose form. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. a. Cups superficial. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong +. species 12 (b) Sporidia subfusiform bs a » 18-19 (c) Sporidia filiform .. es ee » 20-21 B. Cups erumpent. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong .. as » 22-24 (b) Sporidia fusiform or elongate-fusiform ,, 25-27 (©) Sporidia cylindrical or acicular .. » 28-82 Key To THE Spectss. Hymenium fuscous-black : on wood. . +. foecunda, Hymenium fuliginous: on Typha .. ‘i +» Typhe. Hymenium brown é se aus - 1 Hymenium cinereous .. 2s a as « 2 Hymenium whitish or watery-grey .. <2 ae Hymenium pallid... si as a .. Lignicola. Externally brown, scabrous: on Arctium .. .. Aretii. Externally brownish ; margin striate: on Juncus .. mécrometra. 1 Externally umber-brown, rugulose; margin tim- ’')_ briate: on grass. Se oe a +s graminis, Externally pale umber-brown, farinoso-tomentose : on Umbellifers a a Bb ogee +» Grevellei. Externally black, rugose ; margin crenulate, paler: growing in lines on Plantago oH is +. nervisequia. Externally blackish, mealy; margin entire: on 2.4 Plauntago .. i os sis a -. Plantaginis. Externally black, scabrous, rugose; margin con- tracted teas 7 a “9 +. jugosa. Externally blackish, squamulose : on Digitalis .. Diyitalina. MOLLISIA. 179 xternally fawn-colour, ai with meorhanine granules : on wood .. .. elaphines. Externally black, rugose; margin whitieh. . .. atrata. Externally black, rugose ; margin erect : on Lychnis sphzroides. Externally black, rugose: on Carex.. melatephra. Externally umber-brown, elehroms thargin entire 3, J__ white paulula. * | Externally tawny, glabrous ; ‘margin tumid | +. arenevaga. Externally cinereous, granulated margin denticu- late: on leaves oe .. viburnicola. Externally cinereous; margin entire, ‘paler. . «. ebuli. Externally brownish black : on Artemisia . .. artemisiz. Externally whitish or Srey brown ; + margin entire, sinuous oe . ” palustris, A. SUPERFICIAL (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. 12. Mollisia nervisequia. (Pers.) Sessile, seriate, at first nearly glohose, then expanded, perpendicularly rugose, blackish grey; margin crenulate, paler; hymenium concave, cinereous or black; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or oblong, 13 x 3; paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate VI. fig. 33.) Peziza nervisequia—Pers, “ Myco. Eur.,” 308 ; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 193; B. and Br., “ ‘Ann. Nat. ’ Hist., ” No. 1171; Cooke, “ dandbk,” No. 2121. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” 2012 ; Roumg,, “ Stirpes,” 331. On dead leaves of Plantago lanceolata ; chiefly on the nerves of the leaves. Winter. This very much resembles M. plantaginis, but the asci and sporidia are much larger, besides the habit of growth on the nerves. Name—WNervus, a nerve, and sequor, to follow. Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome). (b) Sporidia subfusiform. 18. Mollisia elaphines. (B. and Br.) Gregarious, subglobose, sessile, pale fawn-colour; mouth paler, white, sprinkled with saccharine granules ; hymenium watery-grey; asci clavate or clavate fusi- 180 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. form; sporidia 8, fusiform, 8 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, slender. nus Peziza elaphines—B, and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1325, t. xix. f. 18; Grevillea, i: p. 180. Mollisia elaphines—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 131. Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” No. 659; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1813. On dead wood. January. : Cup 300u broad. “Granules often disposed in lines so that the cups are radiated ” (B. and Br.). Name— édadivne, a fawn; fawn-coloured. St. Catherine’s ; Copthorn, near Shrewsbury ! 14, Mollisia lignicola (nov. sp.). Gregarious or scattered, sessile, at first globose, at length somewhat expanded; externally scabrous and vertically rugose, brown or blackish-brown, when dry black ; margin subfimbriate from the slightly unequally elongated cells; hymenium pallid; asci evlindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or fusiform, obtuse, straight or curved, 5—8 x 1:5—2u; paraphyses indistinct. Mollisia lignicola—Phillips in “Grevillea,” v. xv. p. 113. On old worked wood (on an old gate). Cup 4 to 4 a line broad; when dry collapsed, but not plane, even when moist; asci 35 x 44; sporidia biseriate. The marginal cells have the form of short, septate, blunt hairs when highly magnified. Bagley Wood, Berkshire, 1821! (Mr. Baxter in Kew Herb.). 15. Mollisia Grevillei. (Berk.) Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile or subsessile, at first globose, then hemispherical, pale umber, farinoso- tomentose ; margin paler and fimbriate; hymenium the same colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- fusiform, straight or curved, 3-guttulate, 6—8 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza Grevillei—Berk., “ Eng. Flo,” v. p 198; MOLLISIA. 181 Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2056. Peziza nidulus—Grev., “Flo. Edin.,” p. 420; Johnst., “Flo. Berw.,” ii. p. 149. On dead stems of Umbellifere. Cups very minute, generally sessile, but sometimes subsessile; nearly the same colour throughout, and so nearly the shade of the dead stem on which they grow as to be hardly distinguishable. The dry specimens show no hairs, but are fimbriate on the margin, owing to the unequal length of the hair-like cells which adhere together. Name—After Dr. Greville. Near Edinburgh! (Dr. Greville). Near Berwick, on the cow-parsnip (Johnst., “Flo. Berw.,” J. ¢.). 16. Mollisia atrata. (Pers.) Gregarious, prominent, at first nearly spherical and concave, then plane, cinereous or fuscescent, perpen- dicularly rugose; margin whitish; hymenium at first whitish, becoming cinereous; asci fusiform-clavate or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 8—10 x ly; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza atrata—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 669; “Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 306; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 148; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 207; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 371; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 40; “Mon. Pez,” p. 159; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2112; Pat. p. 38, f. 92. Peziza atratula—Nyl, “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 61. Mollisia atrata—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 127. Exs—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 604, ed. ii. 128; Karst., “ Fung, Fenn.,” 822; Fckl., 1869; Roumg., “ Fung. . Gal.,” 450. On dead herbaceous stems. Autumn. It is to my mind very doubtful whether the plant generally accepted by authors, and described above, is the true plant of Persoon. That his plant grew on trunks he distinctly states, while most authors of to-day accept one or other: of several closely allied plants that grow on herbaceous stems and leaves. It would only tend to con- fusion, however, to disturb this state of things; we have, therefore, followed Dr. Karsten’s view of the species. 182 TRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name—Ater, black. Shrewsbury ! Hereford! Trefriw, North Wales! Form Asparagi. (Winter.) Scattered or crowded, globose or hemispherical, nigri- cant, scabrous; margin whitish, connivent; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform ; 8—10 x 1p; paraphyses filiform, slender. . Peziza atrata, form Asparagi—Winter in Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” No. 1908. Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” l. ¢. On dead stems of asparagus. Autumn. Name—Asparagus, the well-known herb. King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Form Enanthes. Phil. Gregarious, at first globose, then hemispherical, gla- brous, even, cinereous or nigricant; margin paler; asci fusiform or clavate-fusiform ; sporidia oblong-fusiform, 8 x lu; paraphyses scarce. Peziza atrata, form Ginanthes, in “ Elv. Brit.” Exs.—Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” No. 179. On,dead stems of Ginanthe crocata. Autumn Cup about °3 mm. broad. Name—(@nanthe, a genus of Umbellifere. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! Form wlmarie. (Lasch.) Gregarious, minute, at first globose, nigricant, per- pendicularly: rugose, afterwards expanded, brownish- black; margin whitish, connivent; hymenium concave, cinereous; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, cylin- draceo-fusiform, 5—8 x 15u; paraphyses filiform, scarce. Peziza ulmarie—Lasch in Klotzsch, “H. M.,” 1723; “Flora,” 1853, p. 201; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2109. Exs.—Lasch in Klotzsch, “H. M.,” 1728; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” 399; Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” 74. On dead stems of Spirwa wlmaria, in damp places. Autumn, MOLLISIA. 183 Very minute, gregarious, black with a whitish con- nivent mouth, globose at first, afterwards cup-shaped ; asci 30 X 3u. Name—The specific name of Spiraea ulmaria. Wear Coppice, near Shrewsbury! Forres, N.B.! (Rev Dr. Keith). Form Mercurialis. (Fckl.) Sessile, at first closed and globose, then open, nearly plane, externally black, squamulose; margin connivent, whitish, fimbriate; hymenium cinereous; asci cylin- draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or subcylindrical, 7—9 x 154; paraphyses filiform, slender. Niptera Mercurialis—Fckl.,, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 293. Peziza Mercwrialis— Grevillea,” vi. p. 24. Exs.—F kl, “ F. Rh.,” 1593; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,” 180. On dead stems of Mercurialis perennis. Autumn. Externally resembling M. atrata. Name—Mercurialis, a genus of Huphorbiacee. Trefriw, North Wales! 17. Mollisia Arctvi. Phil. Scattered, sessile, at first subglobose, then expanded, scabrous, darkish brown; margin paler, serrated, erect or sub-involute; hymenium when moist pale watery- brown ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-lanceolate, biseptate, 30—45 x 54; paraphyses linear, stout. Peziza Arctii—Phil. in Bucknall’s “ Fung. Bristol,” No. 999, fig. 5. On dead stems of Arctium Lappa. Cup about 500, broad. Name—Arctium, a genus of Composite. Blaize Castle Wood and Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 18, Mollisia Plantagimis. (Fckl.) Sessile, gregarious, minute, punctiform, at first closed, globose, at length open, clad with a blackish meal ; margin involute; hymenium concave, cinereous or pallid- .184 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. brown; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, biseriate, fusiform, 2-guttulate, 10—15 x 2—8u; paraphyses fili- form, slender. : Pyrenopeziza Plantaginis—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,’ p. 295. Peziza Plantaginis— Grevillea,” i. p.181. Pezrza atrata, form foliicola—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” No. 1313. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” 1813; Fekl, “ F. Rh., 1594; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” No. 658, ed. ii, No. 386; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 37. On dead leaves of Plantago lanceolata. Autumn. — Externally like P. atrata, but asci and sporidia larger. 5 Name—Plantago, a genus of Plantaginacee. King’s Lynn! (Mr. é B. Plowright). 19. Mollisia jugosa, Phil. and Plow. Crowded, globose, sessile, vertically rugose, scabrous, black, mouth contracted; hymenium cinereous ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or fusiform, 3 to 5-guttulate, becoming 3 to 5-pseudo-septate, 14—18 x 3— 5u; paraphyses numerous, adherent. Peziza (Mollisia) jugosa—Phil. and Plow. in “Gre- villea,” xiii. p. 74. On dead herbaceous stems. Cup 200u broad. This is in external characters like P. atrata, Name—Jugosus, ridged. King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (c) Sporidia filiform. 20. Mollisia micrometra. (B. and Br.) Cup very minute, subturbinate, brownish, mouth somewhat contracted, finely striate, attached by strong villous hairs; asci clavate; sporidia 8, filiform. Peziza micrometra—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 773; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2115. On dead stems of Juncus. MOLLISIA. 185 Extremely minute, punctiform, horn-brown; hyme- nium plane (B. and Br., l. ¢.). Cup not more than 100 broad. The sporidia refuse to quit the asci in the specimen examined, hence the measurement cannot be safely given. Name—jxpdc, small, whrpa, the womb; from the minute interior. Twycross! (Rev. A. Bloxam). 21. Mollisia viburnicola. B. and Br. Minute, punctiform, subglobose, then hemispherical, cinereous, externally granulated; margin denticulate, furfuraceous ; hymenium paler; asci clavate; sporidia 8, filiform, 10—12 x Iu; paraphyses filiform. Peziza viburnicola—B. and Br. in “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1170; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2120. Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 656, ed. ii. No. 385 ; Phil, “Ely. Brit.” No. 85; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1818. On either side of dead leaves of Voburnum. Cup about 300 to 500u broad, “externally speckled with little dark tufts of cells, which sometimes give out a few short flexuous hairs” (B. and Br.). The sporidia are linear-oblong, straight, or a little bent. Name—Viburnwm, name of the shrub on which it grows, colo, to inhabit. Shere, Surrey ! (Dr. Capron). B, ERUMPENT. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. 22. Mollisia graminis. (Desm.) Gregarious or scattered, erumpent, hemispherical, rugulose, umber or cinereous-umber; hymenium pale umber or pallid-grey; margin fimbriate, villose-white ; asci clavate or cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, 15 x 2°54; paraphyses filiform, stout. Peziza graminis—Desm., “Crypt. Fr,” ed. i. No. 1066 ; Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 160 (?). Mollisia graminis— Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 195; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 122. 186 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. -Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr,,” ed. i. 1066, and ed. ii, 466 ; - Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 831 (?); Rehm, “Asco.,” 253; Thum., “ Mycoth. Univ.,” 216 ; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1623. On dead Triticum sylvaticum, ete. A minute species; when dry concealed under the epidermis, issuing when moist through a narrow slit, assuming an elliptic or circular form. The sporidia in Karsten’s species differ in outline from those in my plant, and may be different. Name—Gramen, grass; growing on grass. Shrewsbury ! 23. Mollisia arenevaga. (Desm.) Erumpent, minute, scattered, soft waxy, glabrous, when young globose, then plane; externally tawny, with a somewhat tumid tawny elevated margin, which is black when dry; hymenium watery whitish, becoming brown when dry ; asci clavate, subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, hyaline, obtuse at the ends, 15 x 54; paraphyses filiform. Peziza arenevaga—Desm., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1852; “Grevillea,” iv. p. 122. Helotiwm arenevaga—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 160. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ii. 517; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 84. On dead culms and leaves of Psamma arenaria. Name—Arena, sand, vagus, wandering ;° in sandy places. Towyn, North Wales! Scotland! (F. Currey, Esq.). 24, Mollisia paulula. (Rob.) Erumpent, very minute, scattered or gregarious, sessile, soft waxy, glabrous, subglobose, externally between umber-brown and olivaceous; internally pallid-white ; mouth connivent, white, entire; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 2-guttulate, 12 x 44; paraphyses fili- form, stout. Peziza paulula—Rob. in Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 2010; “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1851, p. 324, B. and Br.; MOLLISIA. 187 “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 960; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2116. Exs.—Desm,, “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 2010, and ed. ii. No. 1610; Klotzsch, 823. On dead culms of Juncus maritimus, Autumn. Extremely minute. Name—Paululus, very small. Isle of Wight! (Rev. A. Bloxam). (b) Sporidia fusiform or elongate-fusiform. (a) On herbaceous stems. 25. Mollisia ebult. (Fries.) Cup -erumpent, gregarious, at first nearly spherical, then urceolate, at length expanded, when dry globose, depressed, cinereous-nigricant; margin paler, when dry’ nigricant ; hymenium cinereous-pallid ; asci cylindraceo- clavate, attenuated at the apices; sporidia acicular or elongate-fusiform, guttulate, 6—12 x 15u. Peziza atrata, var. B. ebuli—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 148. Peziza ebuli—Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 160. Peziza depressula—Ny]l., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 62 (2). Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 454; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 376. On stems of Hpilobium. Name—Zbulus, specific name of Sambucus ebulus. Forden, North Wales! (Rev. J. E. Vize). 26. Mollisia spherioides. (Desm.) Scattered, erumpent, at first globose, blackish, rugose, then expanded ; margin erect ; hymenium concave, watery cinereous, becoming black on drying; asci cylindraceo- fusiform; sporidia 8, slenderly fusiform, straight or eurved, 10—15 x 1—l‘5u. Peziza spherioides—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” No. 174; B. and Br, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 577; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2105. ‘Mollisia spheerioides—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 129. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr,” No. 174; Cooke, “ Fung Brit.,” No. 577; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.” No. 34. 188 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On dead stems of Lychnis dioica. Autumn. : Minute, scattered, generally seated on a cinereous stain on the stem. The Peziza spherioides (Roth., “Ust. Ann.,” i. p. 2, t. i £. 6) is Tympanis conspersa probably. Persoon cites this, and his is probably the same. The specimens published by Desmazieres are the earliest authority for the present species, which Fries thinks may be his Excipula levigata. Nees, fig. 281, cannot belong to this, but perhaps to Tympanis. The present species is a close ally of Peziza atrata (M. C. C. in litt.). Name—cgaipa, sphere, e7doc, a resemblance. King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Shrewsbury! 27. Mollisia Typha. (Cooke.) Gregarious or scattered, minute, erumpent, sessile, black, soft or waxy, soon plane, laterally compressed when dry; hymenium fuliginous, black when dry, minutely papillate, even; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline, simple, 12—14 x 2°5—3y. Peziza (Mollisia) Typhe—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” vol. i, p. 131. . Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” ed. i, 570, ed. ii. 388; Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 127. On leaves of Typha. Externally like P. atrata, but sporidia much longer. Name—Typha, the reed mace. King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (c) Sporidia cylindrical or acicular. 28. Mollisia artemisie. (Lasch.) Erumpent, thin, almost stipitate, at first turbinate, then flattened, somewhat rounded, naked, brownish black ; hymenium whitish ; margin incurved ; asci cylin- drical; sporidia 8, linear, minute, hyaline. Pexiza artemisie—Lasch. in Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” No. 335; “Grevillea,” i. p. 181. Exs.—Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” No. 335. “™ On dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris. ~ MOLLISIA. 189 Name—Artemisia, the plant on which it grows, Isle of Wight. 29. Mollisia melatephra, (Lasch.) Gregarious or scattered, minute, erumpent, hemi- spherical, then expanded, soft, rugulose, nearly black; hymenium concave, pale cinereous, becoming black on drying; asci clavate; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, pseudo-uniseptate, 12 x lu; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza melatephra—tLasch. in Rabh., “Herb. Myco.” ; Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 164; Steven., “Myco. Scot.,” p. 326; “Grevillea,” viii. p. 102. Mollhisia melatephra— (Lasch) Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 197; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 130. Peziza conformis—Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 63. Exs.—Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” No. 825. On dead culms of Carex. A minute species, erumpent, orbicular, blackish, except the margin, which is paler. Karsten gives the measurement of the sporidia as 12—20 x 2y. Name—nédac, black, réppa, ashes ; from its colour. Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 30. Mollisia fecunda. Phil. Cup scattered, minute, at first covered by the epidermis, then erumpent, concave, when moist fuliginous, paler on the margin; hymenium fuscous-black; asci broadly clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, with 3 to 4 large guttule, 25—30 x 4—5u; paraphyses filiform, enlarged at the apices. Peziza (Mollisia) foeecunda—Phil., “Grevillea,” viii. p. 102; Steven., “ Myco. Scot.,” p. 326. On dead stems of Cleocharis. Autumn. Cup ‘5 mm. broad. Name—Fecundus, fruitful; from its abundant spo- ridia Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 81. Mollisia palustris. (Rob.) Cup scattered or gregarious, erumpent, at first spherical, at length open, plane or almost convex, appla- 190 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. nate, whitish or afterwards greyish brown; hymenium pallid-grey; margin sinuose, entire; asci eylindraceo- clavate, narrowed at the apex; sporidia 8, fusiform or elongated acicular, guttulate, straight, 6—10 x 1—2y; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza palustris—Rob. in Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.” ; Desm., “ Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1847, p. 187; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p. 163. Mollisia palustris—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 195; Gill., “Champ.” p. 120. Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 1543. On dead culms and leaves of Juncus. Autumn. Allied to Peziza graminis and P. cinerea. Name—Palus, a marsh; growing in a marsh. Near Shrewsbury ! 32. Mollisia Digitalina. Phil. Scattered or crowded, globose, at length expanded, externally black, squamulose, margin paler; hymenium cinereous; asci clavate, somewhat pointed; sporidia 8, cylindrical, straight or bent, 5—7 13; paraphyses filiform. Peziza atrata, var. Digitalina—Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” No. 128. On Digitalis purpurea. Cup 300—800y across. Name—Digitalis, the foxglove; from its habitat. Shrewsbury ! Suscenvus IIJ.—Dinoretta. Phil. Sessile, hemispherical, becoming concave or plane, soft, glabrous, pallid, white, or roseate; sporidia sub- globose, oblong, or fusiform. Type, P. dilutella. (Plate VI. fig. 34.) Name—Dilutus, washed out; pale-coloured. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. a. Sporidia elliptic .. : +. species 33 B. Sporidia linear or subfusiform a ae » 984-387 MOLLISTA. 191 Key To Tap SPEcIEs. Hymenium roseate : on pine leaves .. a o. tnearnata. Hymenium cinereous-white: on Epilobium and Smyrnium .. i ats aa v5 .. dilutella. Hymenium whitish : on rabbit’s dung oe »» albula, Hymenium white: on Lastrea oe oe .. filicum. Hymenium bright yellow: on Pteris oe «+ | flaveola. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, 33. Mollisia filicum. Phil. Gregarious, minute, at first globose, then cupulate, at length expanded, white, glabrous; asci clavate-cylin- drical; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, straight or curved, 2 to 3-guttulate, becoming 1 to 2-pseudo-septate, 8— 12 x 34; paraphyses extremely slender. Peziza (Mollisia) filiewm—Phil. “ Grevillea,” xiii. p. 74. On dead stems of Lastrea Filix-mas. Cup 100 to 300u broad. This differs from Peziza Aspidiicola (B. and Br.) in the perfectly glabrous exterior of the cup, and the much larger and guttulate sporidia. Name—/ilia, a fern. Shobden, Herefordshire ! B. SPORIDIA LINEAR OR SUBFUSIFORM. 384, Mollisia incarnata. (Cooke.) Scattered, minute, roseate, sessile, cups soon ex- panded, nearly plane, externally paler; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, linear, obtuse, hyaline, 10 x 15u. Peziza (Mollisia) incarnata—Cooke, “ Grevillea,” i. p. 181. On pine-leaves. Name—Cavro, carnis, flesh; flesh-coloured. Scotland (A. Jerdon). 35. Mollisia dilutella. (Fries.) Gregarious, sessile, waxy soft, glabrous, at first hemi- spherical, then expanded, cinereous-white ; margin entire, 192 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. prominent, whitish; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 8—10 x 1—l-5u. (Plate VI. fig. 34.) Peziza dilutella—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 147. Helotiwm xeroplasticwm—Rehm, “Asco.,” No. 565. Mol- lisia dilutella—Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 181. Exs.—Rehnm, “ Asco.,” No. 565. On dead stems of Epilobiwm hirsutum. Cup about } to 4 a line broad. Name—Dilutus, washed ; pale-coloured. Haughmond Hill, near Shrewsbury ! Var. Smyrnii. Phil. and Plow. Gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded, fleshy, glabrous, pale argillaceous; margin minutely fimbriate ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylindraceo-fusiform, 3-guttulate, 10—13 x 3u; para- physes filiform. On dead stems of Smyrniwm. Differing very little from P. dilutella. Name—Smyrnium, a genus of Umbellifere. King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 86. Mollisia albula. Phil. Gregarious, minute, sessile, concave, becoming plane or convex, glabrous, shining, soft, fleshy, whitish; asci clavate; sporidia subcylindrical or fusiform, hyaline, 6—10 x 24; paraphyses filiform, slender. On rabbit-dung. Cup about 300 to 400u broad, fleshy. The pseudo- parenchyma consists of elongated, cylindrical cells. Name—Albulus, somewhat white. Forres, N. B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 37. Mollisia flaveola. (Cooke.) Sessile, minute, bright yellow, submembranaceous ; soft, soon becoming discoid, smooth, even; asci cylin- drical, sporidia subfusiform, straight or curved, 8 x 2u. aoe (Mollisia) flaveola—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” i. p. 181. MOLLISIA. 193 Exs.—Cooke’s “ Fung, Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 550. On fronds of Pteris aquilina. September. Suspcenus IV.—Mo.tisietia, Phil. Sessile, hemispherical, then plane, soft, minutely fur- furaceous or pulverulent, light-coloured (except hyd- nicola) ; sporidia globose, sub-elliptic or filiform. (Plate VI. fig. 35.) ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia globose or-subglobose » species 38, 39 B. Sporidia sub-elliptic es aa ee » 40 c. Sporidia oblong-obtuse .. ea ave 3 41 . Sporidia oblong-fusiform or fusiform .. » 42-45 . Sporidia linear .. i es ai » 46 eY Kry To THE SpEciEs. Hymenium dark green i oe i -- hydnicola. Hymenium white i i oe a aie SL Hymenium pallid: on pine-leaves .. . +. pineti. Hymenium brown... oe as oe oe s Hymenium yellowish .. oe ee ae . 8 On wood ee os ar os oe «Bulli. 1. {os fern (Pteris) a ae a ee ». versicolor. On herbaceous stems .. ais ee oe «+ effugiens. Exterior dirty white .. ss a os .» teincola. a {Teterior rufous-brown Ss i ats .. lurida. Exterior pale yellow; hymenium pinkish-yellow .. straminum. ; (itcilorbouey el ured; hymenium greenish-yellow Mali. A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE OR SUBGLOBOSE, 38. Mollisia wlicincola. (B. and Br.) Crowded or scattered, hemispherical, then expanded ; externally dirty white, furfuraceous ; hymenium concave, pale brown or purple, or rosy cinereous; margin erect or incurved ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, globose, with a large globose gutta, 5u; asci filiform, enlarged towards the summit. Peziza ilicincola—B. and Br.,“ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 958, t. 16, f. 17; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2064. On holly branches, more especially on the surface of the lichen Myriangium, which grows on holly. Winter. Name—lIlez, holly, colo, to inhabit. F 194 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Chiselhurst! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Forres, N. B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 89. Mollisia hydnicola. (B. and Br.) Cups orbicular, then irregular, plane, dark green ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, subglobose, uniseriate ; 10 x 7'5u; paraphyses filiform, branched. Peziza hydnicola—B. and Br., “ Ann, Nat. Hist.,” No. 1827, t. xx. f. 20; “ Grevillea,” i. p. 181. On Hydnum ochracewm. Conidia were observed in this species, 2°5 x 3:5. Name—Hydnum, a genus of fungi, colo, to inhabit. B. SPORIDIA SUB-ELLIPTIC. 40. Mollisia Bullit. (Wor. Smith.) Cups hemispherical, at length irregular, sessile or very shortly stipitate, whitish; margin inflexed, rather pulverulent from the remains of the veil; hymenium often proliferous ; mycelium brownish; asci subclavate ; sporidia sub-elliptic, minute, 5—76u long. (Plate VI. fiz. 35.) Peziza, Bullti—W.G. Smith, Gard. Chron. (1878), with figure ; B. and Br.,“ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1824, t. 19, £17; “Grevillea,” i. p. 120, t. viii. f. 3, vol. ii, p. 162. On wooden cistern, December (W. G. Smith), Name—After Dr. H. G. Bull. C. SPORIDIA OBLONG-OBTUSE, 41. Mollisia Mali. (Rehm.) Gregarious, small, at first globose, then urceolate, finally more or less expanded, pale honey-colour, pruinose ; margin when dry involute, paler, scabrous ; hymenium greenish yellow; asci clavate; sporidia oblong, obtuse hyaline, 9 x 34; paraphyses filiform. Pezizella Mali—Rehm, “ Asco.,’ No. 460. Peziza (Mollisia) Mali—Phil. and Plow., “ Grevillea,” xiii. p. 74 On dead holly hark. MOLLISLA, 195 Name—Malus, the specific name of Pyrus malus, the crab. Near Shrewsbury ! D. .SPORIDIA OBLONG-FUSIFORM OR FUSIFORM, 42, Mollisia versicolor. (Desm.) Very minute, sessile, white-hyaline, fragile, glabrous, at first globose, then turbinato-concave, slightly furfu- raceous externally ; margin subdenticulate; asci clavate sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, biseriate, 1O—15 x 3u. Peziza versicolor—Desm., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1853, vol. xx. p. 230; Steven., “Myco. Scot.,” p. 325; “Grevillea,” viii. p. 102. Phialea versicolor—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 106. On fronds of dead Pieris aquilina. June. / Cups rarely exceed 5 mm. in width; their consist- ence is very soft; colour pure milk-white, but the least bruising, or the prick of a pin, causes them to turn yellow (Desm.). I have not observed this in British specimens. Name— Versicolor, changing colour. Forres, N. B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 43. Mollisia pineti. (Batsch.) Gregarious or scattered, sessile, nearly plane; margin inflexed, obtuse, when dry contracted to a globose form, firm, growing greyish brown, when young whitish granulate or furfuraceous; hymenium pallid or greyish white ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusi- form or elongate-fusiform, 2-guttulate, 8—l'4 x 3u; paraphyses filiform, stout. Peziza pineti—Batsch, “EL,” p. 201, f. 140; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 101; “Eng. Flo..” v. p. 197; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 20; “ Mon. Pez.,” p. 189; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 52; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2050. Pseudo- helotium pineti—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 298. Lachnea pineti— Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 83. Helotiwm pineti—Pat., p. 218, f 498. Exs.—Fckl, “ F. Rh.,” 1167; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 561. 196 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On dead leaves of Pinus sylvestris. Name—Pinus, the pine; from the habitat. Don, near Aberdeen ! 44. Mollisia effugiens. (Rob.) Erumpent, very minute, sessile, glabrous, ivory- hyaline, at first globose, then concave; externally a little pulverulent; margin white, minutely denticulate ; asci clavate; sporidia fusiform, 5—7 x lu; paraphyses fili- form, Peziza (Phialea) effugiens—Rob. in Desm.,, “ Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1853, p. 19. Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ser. ii. No. 16. On dried stems of plants. In the spring. The cups are about 500u broad, scarcely distinguish- able except when moist. They form groups either scattered or crowded, breaking through the epidermis. The asci are 40u long. Name—From effugio, to speedily pass away. Almond Park, near Shrewsbury ! 45. Mollisia straminum. (B. and Br.) Crowded or scattered, sessile, hemispherical, then ex- panded, pale yellow, beset with refractive granules; hymenium pinkish yellow or flesh-colour; margin in- curved; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 3 to 4-guttulate, 7—10 x 1:54; para- physes extremely slender. Peziza straminum—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 571; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2062. On dead sheaths of wheat and grasses. “Minute, not exceeding $ a line diameter; cups hemispherical, concave, sessile, or at length expanded ; margin incurved; externally densely farinaceous, pale ; my of a pinkish-yellow or flesh-colour ” (B. and r.). Name—Stramin, straw ; growing on straw. Fotheringhay, King’s Cliffe; Rudloe, Wiltshire: on Juncas, Oxton, Nottinghamshire! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). MOLLISIA, 1y7 E. SPORIDIA LINEAR, 46. Mollisia lwrida. (Pers.) Crowded or scattered, turbinate, then expanded, rufous-brown, whitish towards the margin, fibroso-striate ; hymenium concave, pale rufous; margin erect; asci clavate; sporidia 8, narrowly linear, curved, multi- guttulate, 20—25 x 14; paraphyses filiform, slender, Peziza lwrida—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 666. On dead leaves of Pinus sylvestris. Our plant agrees perfectly with a specimen in herb. Fries, and is abundantly distinct from Peziza pineti (Batsch). Name—Luridus, lurid; a dirty brown colour. Mossburnford ! (Mr. Jerdon in Kew Herbarium). Suspcenus V.—HYSsTEROPEZIZA. Rabh. Cups scattered, immersed; when moist erumpent, compressed, blackish. Name—From Hystertum and Peziza, two genera of fungi. One British species. 47. Mollisia erumpens. (Grev.) Scattered, minute, concave, waxy, soft, glabrous, erumpent, sessile, cinereous, when dry concealed beneath the bark; asci clavate, slender; sporidia 8, cylindrical, rounded at the ends, sometimes slightly bent, 7 x 15y; paraphyses filiform. Peziza erumpens—Grev., “Crypt. Flo.,” t. 99; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 206; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 871; Gonn. and Rabh., iii. t. 5, f. 6; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2111. Mollisia erumpens—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 128. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. ii. No. 1345; Cooke, “Fung. Brit,” 566, ed..ii. 384; Phil, “Elv. Brit.,” 35; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1811; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 354. On dead petioles of syeamore. Autumn. Resembling to the naked eye an Hystervwm when 198 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. dry; in moist weather distending the small slit in the bark of the petiole till it attains its round form, when the margin projects over the edge of the fissure. Wherever decaying sycamore-leaves are found. Name—Zrumpo, to burst out; from its erumpent habit. Suscenus VI.—Pseupo-pezizaA. Fckl. Cups immersed, erumpent when moist, orbicular, glabrous, soft, plane or slightly concave; margin darker, sometimes bordered by the lacerated epidermis of the host-plant; sporidia subglobose, elliptic, oblong or pyri- form, (Plate VI. fig. 36.) Name—yevdde, false, and peziza; deceptive peziza, resembling Phacidium ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia subglobose. (a) On herbaceous stems ee +. species 48 8, Sporidia elliptic or oblong. (a) On leaves or herbaceous stems .. » 49,50 0. Sporidia pyriform. (a) On leaves. ee ia sis » ol Key To THe Specrus. Hymenium greyish-white : on Euphorbia .. ++ Euphorbia. Hymenium smoky-yellow: on Trifolium .. +» Trifolii. Hymenium pallid-testaceous: on Cerastium +» Cerastiorwm. Hymenium ochraceous: on Ranunculus .. -» Ranunculi. A. SPORIDIA SUBGLOBOSE, (a) On herbaceous stems. 48, Mollisia Euphorbice. (B. and Br.) Minute, erumpent, sessile, brownish-black ; hymenium concave, white or greyish-white; margin prominent, in- curved; asci broadly clavate, narrowing abruptly at the base; sporidia 8, globose-elliptic, 84 long, and nearly as broad; paraphyses filiform, stout, clavate summits, filled with granular protoplasm. 3 Peziza Euphorbie—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 1829; “Grevillea,” viii. p. 8. ° MOLLISIA, 199 On stems of Euphorbia amygdaleides. Cups 400p broad. Name—uphorbia, a genus of Huphorbiacee, the ‘Spurges.: Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC OR OBLONG. (a) On leaves or herbaceous stems. 49. Mollisia Trifolit. (Bernh.) Gregarious, epiphyllous or rarely hypophyllous, minute, orbicular, at first covered, then erumpent ; margin thin, lacerated ; hymenium plane or convex, smoky yellow ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong- elliptic, 2-guttulate, 10—15 x 5—Tp; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Ascobolus Trifolii—Bernh., “ Manip.,” iv. p. 27, t. 6, f.5; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 165; Berk., “ Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 209; “Outl,” p. 874; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864 Phacidium Trifolii—Boud., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1869, p. 69; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2270; Sace., “Mich.,” No. vii. p. 331. Peziza Trifoliorwm—Libert, “Crypt. Ard.,” ex. No, 324. Pseudo-peziza Trifolii—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 290. Favre congener (Ces.)—Sace., “ Mich.,” ii. p. 331. Mollisia Trifoliorum—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 123, G1. Exs.—Libert, “Crypt. Ard.,” 324; Berk., 69; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” No. 520; Karst., . Fung. Fenn, ” 933 ; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 331, ed. ii, 451; “Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2057; Roumg., Fung. Gal.,” 660. On living clover-leaves. Name—Trifolium, a genus of Leguminosee, including clovers. 50. Mollisia Cerastiorum. (Wallr.) Gregarious, minute, innato-sessile, glabrous, orbicular, nearly waxy, slightly’ concave, marginate, pallid testa- ceous, when moist paler; asci clavate or subfusiform ; 200 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES, sporidia 8, oblong, obtuse, 2-guttulate, 10 x 3u; para- physes filiform, slender. (Plate VI. fig. 36.) 2 Peziza Cerastiorwm—Wallr. in Fries, “Sys. Myco., ii. p. 153; Wally, “Flo. Germ.,” 465. Phacidiwm Ceras- tiorwum—GillL, “Champ.,” p. 169. Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” No. 655; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1705 and 17050. On leaves of Cerastium. Cups 300 to 500u broad. Name—Cerastiwm, a genus of Caryophyllacex. King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. 3. Plowright). C. SPORIDIA PYRIFORM, (a) On leaves. 51. Mollisia Ranuneult. (Wallr.) Hypophyllous, gregarious, on discoloured spots. erumpent, then sessile, orbicular; hymenium plane, at first ochraceous, then black; margin distinct, serrated, umber-brown, at length black; sporidia 8, pyriform, septate, 15 x 5u; paraphyses filiform, sometimes branched. Phlyctidium Ranunculi—Wallr, “Flo. Germ.,” p- 416. Dothidea Ranwnculi—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 562; Berk., “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 287. Hacipula Ranun- culi—Rabh., “ Handbk.,” 158. Phacidiwm Ranunculi— Cooke, “Handbk.,” No, 2271; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 168. Phacidium litigioswm—Rob. in Desm., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” t. 8, 1847, p. 181. Exs.—Berk., 347; Desm., 1639; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1175; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,’ 280, ed. ii, 452; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 659; Kunze, “Fung. Sel.” 175, 381; Roumg,, “Pung. Gal.,” 544. On fading leaves of Ranunculus repens, ete. About 500 broad. Name—Ranunculus, a genus of Ranunculaceae. Forres! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Shere, Surrey! (Dr. Capron). LACHNEA. 201 Suscenus VII—PERISTOMIALIS. Subcylindrical, sessile, fleshy, dise plane or slightly concave; margin furnished with triangular teeth ; sporidia eylindraceo-filiform. (Plate VI. fig. 37.) Name—zepi, around, ordua, the mouth ; furnished with scales round the mouth, like the peristome of mosses. Only one species. 52. Mollisia peristomialis. (B. and Br.) Minute, cylindrical, pallid, mouth furnished with long white triangular teeth; hymenium nearly plane; asci lanceolate ; sporidia biseriate, fusiform, multi-guttu- late, 20—27 x 45u. (Plate VI. fig. 37.) Peziza (Mollisia) peristomialis—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1169, t. 5, f. 82; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2119. On dead bark of holly. About 300 to 400u high, by 200u broad. Gregarious, at first globose, then elongated, and botuliform or subpyriform, truncate at the top, the hymenium scarcely depressed ; the triangular teeth re- semble those of Peziza inflewa (Bolt.); the sporidia are large, and furnished with 5 to 9 nuclei. “A most exquisite object under a moderate magnifier, resembling some Actinia in miniature. Sporidia ‘001 inch long” (B. and Br., l. c.). Name—See under Subgenus. Penzance (J. Ralfs, Esq.). Serres JL—VESTITA. Genus VIIl.—Lacunea. Fries. Cups stipitate or sessile, fleshy, waxy or fibrous; clothed externally with more or less well-developed hairs. (Plates VI-VIL., figs. 38-42.) Name—Adxvn, down; from the villous or hairy clothing. 202 BRITISH _DISOCOMYCETES. ARRANGEMENT oF SuBGENERA. a e - 1-7 I. Sarcoscypha .. ais ee Il. Sepultaria .. a oe as ae -. 8-18 III. Rhizopodella.. os ee ee aie » 19 IV. Scutellinia .. a ve oe oe «. 20-87 V. Neotiella a. ae as , ae -. 88-39 Key To THe SuBGENERA. Sarcoscypha. Cups stipitate .. ae ae se as ese Cups seated on a mass of black hairs .. Rhizopodella. Cups immersed or semi-immersed in the soil .. Sepultaria. Cups sessile; hairs dark, rigid as a6 .. Scutellinia. Oups sessile ; hairs nearly colourless oe 1. Neotiella. SusaEenus I.—SarcoscyPHa. Cups large, fleshy, distinctly stipitate; externally tomentose or hairy. (Plate VI. fig. 38.) Name—sdpé, flesh, oxdpoe, & cup. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES, A. Sporidia elliptic, (a) Epispore asperate .. ee ++ species 1 (b) Epispore smooth, (a) Stem erect a ae sis » 2-4 (8) Stem rooting .. os a » 5-6 B. Sporidia fusiform. (a) Epispore asperate .. ee oe » 7 Key To Tue Srscins. Hymenium black es ee ea es e+ corium, Hymenium brown. oe ars ar oe Hymenium yellow .. oe ee we oe 2 Hymenium carmine .. ae A te ++ coccinea. Exterior cinerascent; stem bulbous at base -» bulbosa. Exterior blackish-brown, squamulose; stem equal _helvellotdea. Exterior cinereous, hirto-verrucose ; stem attenuated upwards... we ae Wiss ats +. ‘macropus, 2 oe white, villous; dise sulphur-yellow ++ radiculata. * {Exterior whitish, tomentose; disc pale orange .. cocotina. 1, A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, (a) Epispore asperate. 1, Lachnea radiculata. (Sow). Cups subcespitose, fleshy, hemispherical, then ap- planate ; stem thick, rooting; hymenium sulphureous; LACHNEA. 203 externally white, villous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 16 x 104; paraphyses filiform. (Plate VI. fig. 38.) Peziza radiculata—Sow., “ Fung.,” t. 114; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 81; Crouan, “Flo. Fin.,” p. 52; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 192; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 1160*, t. 4, f 23; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2015 ; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 92; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 99. Peziza Sowerbea—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 232. Lachnea radiculata—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 66, ¢. i. Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 618. On the ground, in gardens and in fir woods, ete. Summer and autumn. Cups 1 to 14 inches broad; hairs septate, hyaline, rather long (M. C. Cooke). Somewhat reticulated ex- ternally, with irregular prominent veins, 1 inch or more broad (Berk. in “ Eng. Flo.”). Name—Radicula, a little root ; from the rooting base. Dropmore, Jedburgh (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). North Wootton (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Stoke Newing- ton (Mr. W. G. Sinith). Var. Percevalii. Phil. Differing in the oblique cups (which resemble the species in Otidea) and the clavate paraphyses. Name—After Mr. Cecil H. Spencer Perceval. Stopham ! (Mr. Cecil H. Spencer Perceval). (a) Epispore smooth, (a) Stem erect. 2. Lachnea coccinea. (Jacq). Cups stipitate, infundibuliform ; externally, as well as the stem, whitish, tomentose, with short adpressed down ; dise carmine; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong-ellip- tic, smooth, 25—27 x 9u; paraphyses linear. Peziza coccinea—Jacq., “ Misc. Austr.,” t. 169; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 79; Nees, “Sys.,” f. 288; Bolt. “Fung.,” t. 104; Buxb., “ Petr.,” iv. t. 29,f.4; Batt, t. 3, £ Nn, 0; 204 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Ray., “Syn.,” iii, p. 19, No. 15; Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 43; Gonn. and Rabh, “Myco. Eur.,” iii. t. 4, fig. 5; Weinm., p. 434; Grev. 161; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 192; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2012; Pat, p. 34, f£ 80. Peziza epidendra—Bull., “Champ.,” t. 467; Sow., “F ung.,” t. 13. Peziza poculiformis—Hoffm., “Crypt.” t.7, £5. Plec- tania coccinea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 324. Lachnea coccinea—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 66, ¢ 1. Exs.—Fckl, “F. Bh.,” 1218; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” i. 1020; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” i. 651; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,” 61; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 434. On rotten branches. Spring. Cups about 1 inch broad; stem } to 1 inch long. This is the most handsome species in our flora. Its nearly white tomentose exterior contrasts strongly with the carmine disc. A single specimen with a white hymenium was said to have been found near Ipswich (vide Science Gossip, vol. xxi, 1885, p. 67). - Name—Coccineus, scarlet; from the colour of the hymenium. Gillingham, Norfolk (Sowerby). Hitcham, Suffolk ; Staffordshire; Kingston, near Taunton; and Kilmory, Argyleshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley), Thringston and Gopsall (Rev. A. Bloxam). Ipswich (Mr. J. English). Thirsk (Mr. J. G. Baker). Epping; Shire Newton, near Chepstow ; and Albury (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Coolearrigan, co. Kildare! (Mr. Wilson). Bunwell and Cossey, Norfolk (Rev. K. Trimmer). North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Stoke, near Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Church Stretton ! and Hook-a-gate, Salop! Kerry Valley, Montgomeryshire! Malvern ! (Mr. Jones). Cummersdale, Cumberland! (Dr. Carlyle). 3. Lachnea coriwm. (Weberb.) Cups stipitate, waxy, when dry subcoriaceous, saucer- shape, becoming expanded, sometimes laterally compressed, black ; externally velvety; stem equal or thickened below, deeply suleate or subrugose, glabrous, paler at LACHNEA, 205 the base; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, rather broadly elliptic, at first guttulate, smooth, 18—20 x 10u; para- physes clavate, with brown apices. Peziza corium—Weberb., “ Pilze,” t. il. £ 7; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 187; “ Grevillea,” v. p. 59. Aleuria corvum, Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 39. Exs.—Phil., “Elv. Brit.” No. 153; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 2209; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 552; Rav., “Fung. Am.,” 760. On the ground i in sandy soil. Spring. Cups } to 14 inches broad; stem 4 to 11 inches long, and pout 1 to 3 lines broad at the base, smaller above. The flesh is white; the cells which form the velvety surface of the exterior are composed of 4 to 8 in a chain, constricted at their junction, the chain very rarely branched. The brown apices of the paraphyses are often composed of nearly moniliform cells. Name—Coriwm, leather ; leather-like. North Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 4. Lachnea bulbosa. (Hedw.) Cups hemispherical, becoming expanded, waxy, when dry subcoriaceous, cinerascent, minutely squamulose ; hymenium blackish brown; stem firm, rather slender, arising from a tuber-form base ; asci cylindrical : sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttulate, gutta large, smooth, 15 x 10u; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Peziza bulbosa—Nees, “Sys.,” £ 289; Fries, “ Sys. Myoo.,” ii. 58; “ Grevillea,” iii. “Oe 8; Cooke, ‘ ‘Mycogr.,” fig. 189. Octospora bulbosa—Hedw., “ Mus. Frond.,” t. X. fc. Fungoides fuscum—Buxb., “ Petr.,” iv. t. 29, f 3; Scheff, t. 152, Aleuria bulbosa—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 37, ¢. i. Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1308. On the ground i in sandy soil. Summer and autumn. Cups 4 an inch to 1 inch broad; stem 4 an inch to 1 inch long, 1 line thick ; flesh pale grey. Name—Bulbus, a bulb ; bulbous. King’s Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright) 206 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES (B) Stem rooting. 5. Lachnea helvelloides. (Fries.) Cup-shaped, complanate, then expanded, orbicular, becoming reflexed, blackish brown; externally, together with the equal stem, squamulose-scabrous ; ascl cylin- drical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 15—17 x 10u; para- physes subclavate. ; Peziza helvelloides—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” 348 ; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 6; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 190. Hel- vella pezizoides—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 20; Afz. in “Vet. Ac. Handl.,” 1873, t. 10, £. 2; Sace., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” p. 169; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 36; Fekl, “Symb. iene 333. Alewria helvelloides—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 40. Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” ii, 237; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 446; Fekl., “F. Bh.,” 1880; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ii. 26. In pine woods and mossy places. Autumn. Cup scarcely 1 inch broad; stem 1 to 2 inches high, 1 to 2 lines thick. Name—Helvella, a genus of fungi, e?8oc, likeness; Helvella-like. Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 6. Lachnea cocotina. (Cooke.) Cups rooting, fleshy, hemispherical, becoming applanate; margin entire; hymenium pale orange; externally, to- gether with the stem, whitish tomentose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 18 x 104; paraphyses clavate. Peziza cocotina—Cooke in “Grevillea,’ v. p. 61; “Mycogr.,” fig. 356. On cocoa-nut fibre in a caterpillar-cage, and on saw- dust. October. Cups 1 inch diameter. In some points resembling Peziza radiculata (Sow.), in others Peziza cerea (Sow.), but differing from both (Cooke). The tomentum consists of short flexuous hairs com- posed of 8 to 5 oblong cells, constricted at the joints. LACHNEA., 207 Name— Cocos, the name of the cocoa-nut tree; grow- ing on cocoa-nut fibre. Epping (Mr. J. English). Edinburgh, Botanic Gardens Ce M. C. Cooke). Brandon, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plow- right), B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM. (a) Epispore asperate. 7. Lachnea macropus. (Pers.) Cups hemispherical, then expanded, hirto-verrucose, cinereous; hymenium mouse-brown; stem very long, attenuated upwards, even or irregularly lacunose, cine- reous, nearly hairy; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusi- form elliptic, becoming slightly asperate, 30 x 10—12y; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Peziza macropus—Pers., “ Obs.,” ii. p. 26, t. 1, f. 2; “Filo. Dan.,” t. 1200, f. 2; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 57; “Eng. Flo,” v. p.189; Berk., “Outl,” 365; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 1965 ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 188 ; Grev., “Sc. Crypt. Flo.,” t. 70; “ Grevillea,” iii. t. 27, fig. 7; Sturm., 31, t. 20, fig. e; Pat. p. 35, f. 34 (spor. not good). Peziza stipitata—Bull, “Champ.,” t. 192 and 457, f. 2; Sow., “Fung.,” t. 38. Peziza hispida—Scheeff, “ Icon.,” t. 166 ; Bolt., t. 96. ,Peziza sublicia—Holms., “ Ot.,” ii, t. 10. Macropodia macropus—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 331; Sace., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” p. 168. Helvella macropus— Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 37. Aleuria macropus—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 35, ¢ i. Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” i, 427; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 73; Fekl., “¥. Rh.,” 1234; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” i, 289; Phil, “Hlv. Brit.” 152; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1413. On the ground in shady woods. Summer and autumn. Solitary, 1 to 3 inches high; cups 1 to 2 inches broad. The cups become expanded, and sometimes re- flexed; the exterior is cinereous, and clothed with little hairy or villous warts, the hairs consisting of oblong 208 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. concatenate cells, their extremities free. The stem is enlarged downwards, often lacunose, occasionally be- coming hollow with age. Name—nakpée, large, rove, a foot ; large-stemmed. Woods below Highfield, near Halifax (Bolton). Finch- ley Common (Sowerby. On the road from Dunnington to Pophill (Purton). Near Guildford (Hudson). Bal- muto, N.B. (Dr. Greville). Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). North Wootton !(C. B. Plowright). Farningham Earl (C. B. Plowright), Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson). Epping Forest (Mr. English). Bishop’s Wood, Hamp- stead; and Albury, Surrey (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Sufton Court, Herefordshire! Wrekin, Salop! Craigforda, near Oswestry !| Tyntestield, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Near Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). Supcenus II—SeEputTaria. Cooke. Cups fleshy, sessile, clad with coloured hairs; chiefly terrestrial. (Plate VI. fig. 39.) Name—Sepultus, buried ; from being immersed. ARRANGEMENT or THE SPrcizs, A, Cups large, often immersed. (a) Sporidia globose .. oe +» species 8 (b) Sporidia elliptic .. ae ee » 9-14 (ce) Sporidia fusiform ae . » 15-16 B. Cups smaller; hairs often fasciculate. (a) Sporidia elliptic ..