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PROCEEDINGS

AND

ADDRESSES

On the occasion of the Opening of the
College Buildings and Dedwation of
the Chapel, October 18-19, 1893.

LONDON

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
AND NEW YORE: 15 EAST 16th STREET
1894

All rights reserved.
List of Teaching Staff, Officers, and Committee,
OCTOBER, 1898.

 

 

TEACHING STAFF.

Rev. James Drummonp, M.A., LL.D., D. Litt., Principal—New Testament and Divinity.
Rev. J. EstLin CARPENTER, M.A., Vice-Principal—History of Religion.

Rev. CHARLES Barnes Upton, B.A., B.Sc.—Philosophy.

Mr. Granam Watias, M.A.—Lecturer on Social Economy.

OFFICERS.

Henry Russet Gree, Esq., Lode Hill, Handforth

President.

JAMES Heywoop, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., Kensington Palace Gardens, London

JosrpH Lupton, Esq., The Elms, Chapel Allerton, Leeds ..........:..cccc0ee
Rev. JAMES Martineau, D.D., LL.D., D.C.L., D.Litt., Gordon Square,

London

Rev. H. W. Crossxzy, LL.D., F.G.8., Birmingham
Rev. J. Epwin OpcErs, M.A., Bowdon .. ..
Rev. CHARLES Harcrove, M.A., Leeds ....

J. Hotms Nicuotson, Esq., M.A., Wilmslow
A. Ernest STEINTHAL, Esq., M.A., Manchester ...

Vice-
Presidents.

 

 

CHARLES Wm. Jonus, Esq., Field House, Wavertree Liverpool ............... Treasurer.
Rev. H. Enrretp Dowson, B.A., Gee Cross, Hyde ........cccccccecseeceeeeeees :

: Secretaries.
A. H. Worruineton, Esq., B.A., 1, St. James’ Square, Manchester ......
Mr. Epwin W. MarsHALt, 38, Barton Arcade, Manchester............ Assistant Secretary.

COMMITTEE.

Harry Rawson, Esq., Chairman,

JosEPpH Lupton, Esq., Leeds

Rev. S. ALFRED STEINTHAL, Manchester
Henry R. Grea, Esq., Handforth

Rev. H. E. Dowson, B.A., Gee Cross
Davip AINsworTH, Esq., M.P., Cleator
Rev. Cuarzes C, Coz, F.G.S., Bolton
Rev. C. T. Poyntine, B.A., Fallowfield
Rev. P. M. Hreainson. M.A., Monton
Rev. R. A. Anmstrone, B.A., Liverpool
Gro. W. Rayner Woop, Esq., Manchester

Rozert Harrop, Esq., M.A., London

8. B. Worruineron, Esq., Manchester
H. W. Garr, Esq., Liverpool

RussEtu Scott, Esq., London

A.H. WorTHIncTON, Esq.,B.A., Manchester
Rey. V. D. Davis, B.A., Liverpool
Cuas. W. Jonzs, Esq., Liverpool

Rev. D. WAtmsLey, B.A., Bury

JamEs R. Bearp, Esq., Manchester

Rey. J. EDwin OpceErs, M.A., Bowdon
PREFATORY NOTES.

THE removal of Manchester New College from London to Oxford was
effected in 1889, when its 104th Session was opened im temporary
premises, 90, High Street. The new building was begun in the following
year, and the Dedication Stone unveiled on October 20, 1891, by Mr,
H. R. Greg, President of the College. The present volume records the
proceedings on the occasion of the opening of the completed building in
October, 1893.

It is pleasant to note that the end of the year 1893 saw the closing
of the ‘Oxford Building Account,’ the full amount, £55,000., for cost
of building and endowment of the chapel, having been subscribed.

 

Thanks are due to Arnold Wolff, Esq., of The Clough, Hale,
Cheshire, for the Photographic Views, which have been reproduced for
this volume by Messrs. A. Brothers and Co., of Manchester. The portrait
of Richard Frankland is from the painting in Dr. Williams's Library,
Gordon Square, London.

J. EO.
ON Bas

THE OPENING CEREMONY

SPEECHES by—
Mr. Charles W. Jones
The President
Mr. Joseph Lupton
The President
Mr. Harry Rawson ass
Rey. Principal Drummond

THE DEDICATION ..,

Rev. C. B. Upton ...

SERVICE ae
Rev. Principal Drummond

Sermon: Rev. H. E. Dowson

THE CoMMUNION SERVICE

ApprEss by Rev. Dr. Martineau
THE PRINCIPAL’s ADDRESS

Tur LUNCHEON

SPEECHES by-—
The President
The Warden of Merton
Sir William Markby
Rev. Principal Drummond
Rev. Dr. Martineau |
Rev, J. Edwin Odgers
Rey. Professor Everett
Professor Dicey
Rev. Dr. Vance Smith
Rev. Canon Fremantle
Mr. J. H. Brooks ...
Mr. Thos. Worthington
Rev. R. A. Armstrong
The President

PAGE

or WN

i

12
14

18

28
29

35
59

60
62
66
68
70
7
79
82
85
87
89
90
90
91
Vi.

Tur REcEPTION 92
SPEECHES by—

Rev. Professor Everett... ses sii ine i a . 98
Rev. Salomon Csifé es sah es a sale wit we 94
Mr. P. H. Lawrence ine a sie 3 ie si we 95
Rey. T. L. Marshall Se Si a ae a oes we 95
Rev. S. A. Steinthal ae ui wits ate wa sia . 96
Rey. J. E. Carpenter ade Baie . ie sft ay - 98

Szrmon: ‘‘The Church of Christ,” Rev. Principal Drummond __... .. 103

APPENDIX—
(A) Letters os ve is wa sib ww. 17
(B) Public Meeting « at sGisneliceiey sk ae ads sits ..- 122
(C) Addresses and Resolutions ... até sis ve sae ... 128
(D) Gift of Communion Plate... Fe ie pie ae ... 188
(#) Description of the College Buildings bes ies ae v 184
(#) The Ancestry of Manchester College, Oxford... sa ve 187
(@) List of Persons Present during the Opening Proceedings w. 142

(Z) Donors sna xa ei ats via dine a8 we 151
ILLUSTRATIONS.

 

Exterior Virw or MancHester CoLLecE, SHOWING

THE Tate LIBRARY... ee a0 i Frontispiece
InveRIoR OF THE CHAPEL ... re iss ... to face page 11
Exteriok Visew—CHapEL, &. ... oe ‘ck me . 35
RicHarD FRANKLAND is 2G ie sti sos 47
INTERIOR OF THE LIBRARY shoe ote ine 3 3 92

In THE QUADRANGLE ae a Sch zs ees: 103
THE OPENING CEREMONY.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18th, 1898.

pee officials of the College, members of Committee,

old and present Students, and members of
Deputations met at Three p.m., in the Music Room,
Holywell Street, where they were joined by a number of
the prominent members of the University. Thence they
proceeded to the College Building, in front of which a
large company of Ladies and Gentlemen had already
assembled.

Mr. Tuomas WortTHINGTON and his son, Mr. Prrcy
Scorr Wortuineton, M.A. (Oxon.), the College Architects,
received the procession at the main doorway; and Mr.
T. Worraineton handed the gold key of the door to the
Treasurer of the College, Mr. Coartus Wo. Jongs, stating
that the Building was now completed, and ready for
occupation.

Mr. Jonzs, in accepting the key for presentation to
the President, Mr. Henry RusseLu Gree, said,—

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—Mr. Worthington has now handed
over to us this building, which he declares is complete, and I
wish to lay especial stress on that word ‘complete.’ Most of you
have seen it from the outside, and have gazed on its beauties.
Those of you who have been inside will, I think, be of opinion
that a more complete building for the purpose could not have

been erected. Oxford is a city with a long line of architects
B
2 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

connected with it, but I venture to say that, although Mr.
Worthington is the last, he will not be esteemed the least.
I am sure you will all think with us, that it is a building of
which we may well be proud; for even in this city of beautiful
buildings ours, though it may not be as large as others, so far as
it goes will hold its own. I esteem it a very great privilege to be
allowed to take part in the proceedings of to-day, and I am well
aware that it is only my official capacity as Treasurer that entitles
me todoso. I have been deputed, on behalf of the Subscribers
to the Building Fund, to present to Mr. Greg, the President of
the College, this key, thus handing over to him and the Committee
and the Trustees this building, which you have provided for
the future home of Manchester College; and, while I am speaking,
I am sure I am expressing the feeling of the Committee in
mentioning our indebtedness to Mr. Greg. His has been no
ordinary term of office, and he has been no ordinary President ;
and I venture to say that the success to which we have arrived
at the present moment is owing in a very great part to his tact,
his constant attention, his wide knowledge, and his ever readiness
to come forward and help us in any difficulty. Now, Sir, I beg
to hand this key to you, and I will ask you to open this door,—a
door which I trust will never be closed against any reverent
seeker after truth, nor against any new light, from whatever
quarter it may come.

Mr. Gree, having taken the key and opened the door,
said, —

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—I must first most sincerely thank
the Committee of the College for having done me the very great
honour of appointing me to perform this very pleasing duty of
opening this building, and I must also thank our Treasurer, Mr.
Jones, for the very kind expressions—too flattering ones—with
which he has presented this key, which I shall ever keep as a
most cherished memento of this great event. Iam sure that to
those who for many long years have been looking forward to the
placing of our College in Oxford, this consummation of their
THE OPENING CEREMONY. 3

wishes must be most gratifying, and the more so because from
the moment that it was decided to establish the College here
the whole of the Trustees have used their very utmost endeavours
to raise a building worthy of the College; and I think you will
say, when you look at the outside and the inside, that they have
been successful. This is not a convenient place either for me to
say all I wish, or for you to hear all I have to say on this occasion,
and we will therefore proceed to the Library, the key of which will
be presented by one of our Vice-Presidents, Mr. Joseph Lupton, to
our Chairman of Committee, Mr. Harry Rawson, who will receive
it on behalf of Mr. Henry Tate who, to our great regret, cannot
be with us to-day.

The company having assembled in front of the Library
door, Mr. JosepH Lupron said,—

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—I have been requested by the
Trustees and the Committee of the College to present to our
friend the Chairman of the Committee, the gold key which I
hold in my hand for the opening of the door into this beautiful
Library, to which already reference has been made. I am quite sure
that you will all regret, with me, that the state of Mr. Henry
Tate’s health has prevented his being present to-day. But he has
deputed your friend and my friend, Mr. Rawson, who, like Mr.
Greg, has worked so hard for the College in past days, and
brought it to its present success, to accept the key on his behalf.
Having sat at the Board of Manchester College for many years
alongside of my friend Mr. Rawson, I cannot imagine that Mr.
Tate could possibly have made a more appropriate selection from
the Committee than that of Mr. Rawson. On account of his
long connection with the College, his high standing in Manchester,
and his special connection with Libraries as Deputy-Chairman of
the Free Libraries Committee of the Corporation of Manchester,
no one could have been selected with greater fitness for the office.
I have now great pleasure in presenting to Mr. Rawson the key
I hold in my hand on behalf of the Committee and Trustees of
Manchester College.
4 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Mr. Rawson then unlocked the door of the Library,
and said,—

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—On behalf of Mr. Tate, I thank
you very heartily for the presentation of this handsome key; but
as the conditions under which we are now assembled are not very
favourable, I propose to say a few words from the platform in
the Library.

The company then entered the Library.

The Rev. H. E. Dowson (the clerical Secretary) read a
number of letters from gentlemen unable to be present,

some of which will be found in Appendix A.
The President (Mr. Henry Russet Gree) said,—

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—I ain sure we have all come here
to-day, on the occasion of the completion and opening of our
College at Oxford, not only with feelings of great satisfaction and
hope, but with some deeper ones as well. It is as if, after many
eventful changes, periods of doubt and anxiety, and somewhat of
a wandering life, we had at last got to the end of a long journey,
and reached our final home. We never felt before that the
College had really attained its true goal; and now the knowledge
that it is a final and irrevocable step will act, I trust, as an
incentive in pursuing with fresh energy and undivided powers the
work, the duties, and the opportunities this new and wider field
presents. J will not follow here the story of the College; its
numerous migrations and the cause of them, nor the reasons that
brought us here. I will merely recall to mind, in passing, that
the antecedents of Manchester College—‘ New’ no longer—go
back, in almost unbroken line, to the Act of Uniformity in 1662,
while it has existed under its present form and name for upwards
of a hundred years; during the whole of which time, and through
many evil days, it has unflinchingly upheld the rights of Reason
and Conscience, and faithfully maintained its original principles
of Free teaching and Free learning in Theology, unfettered by
any written or unwritten declaration of doctrine. Such a record
THE OPENING CEREMONY. 5

as this, with all its attendant memories, coupled with the eventful
and joyous celebration of to-day, may well stir us with varied
feelings ;—some, perhaps, of a little permissible pride; but mostly
of gratitude and indebtedness to the Past, of duty and obligations
towards the Present, of responsibility to the Future; and above all
a deep sense of thankfulness that we, too, in our turn, are still found
true to our sacred trust. With some of us, also, there may
probably be, besides, a feeling of relief as well as thankfulness in
the thought, that henceforth we shall have in these walls a per-
manent witness and security for the message of freedom which
has been handed down to us through many successive generations ;
and in the inscription over the entrance, dedicating the buildings
‘To Truth, to Liberty, and to Religion,—words suggested by our
first Principal, Dr. Barnes, more than a hundred years ago,—
proof that the message has been faithfully delivered. At the
same time, let us clearly realise that in coming here and placing
ourselves for the first time in the full glare of light and criticism,
the thoroughly undenominational position the College has always
aimed at, is at once our excuse, and our strength, and the one
great secret of ultimate success. For the ends we have in view
can only be attained, I believe, by a consistent and resolute fidelity
to the traditions and principles of the College; where no Theo-
logical tests are imposed, where no Creeds are enforced or implied,
and where we only ask of our students, as they enter, a loyal
acquiescence in the spirit of the inscription before referred to,
leaving the result, be it what it may, in other hands than ours.
I have only one other remark to make, and that is of a practical
nature, for our esteemed Principal, Dr. Drummond, and others
will give utterance, much better than I can, to the thoughts and
sentiments befitting this occasion. It is to say, that though the
appeal to our friends has been most nobly responded to, resulting
in the magnificent sum of £50,000., yet we still find ourselves
£5,000. short of the £55,000. we require for the Building and
Chapel Endowment Fund; and besides, you will readily under-
stand how seriously the current expenses must be increased in
such an establishment as this. But having gone so far, I am sure
6 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

we shall be determined to go through with it, both in making
good the deficiency and in providing, by an increased annual
subscription list, for the future maintenance. For let us bear in
mind that this College is, after all, the central and chief embodi-
ment of those principles of freedom and growth we all of us hold
so dear; the Institution where they are primarily inculcated and
upheld; the Institution to which we are all so deeply indebted,
aud to which we look with hope for help and guidance in the
future. It only remains for me now to formally declare these
buildings—the College and its Chapel—duly open; and, in doing
so, I earnestly pray that they may conduce to the glory of God,
the love and imitation of Christ, and the service of man.

ra

Mr. Harry Rawson said,—

Mr. PRESIDENT, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—It is my first
duty to offer to you the explanation you will properly require, as
to the reason that I am here, instead of Mr. Tate, to receive this
handsome gold key, and to make due acknowledgment for the
compliment and the honour of its presentation to him. I know
that it must be a grave disappointment to you uot to see to-day
the esteemed friend of whose munificent donation to the College
you have all heard with feelings of the warmest gratitude. His
gift of £10,000. has been devoted to the erection of this wing
of the beautiful building which we are opening to-day, the lower
portion being allotted to lecture rooms, and the upper, in which
we stand, is to bear henceforward the designation of ‘The Tate
Library.” That it should not be first entered by its donor is a
source of regret to us all—the more deep, because it arises from
the somewhat precarious state of his health. On the 23rd of
September I received from him a, letter, in which he says that he
had written to Mr. Arthur H. Worthington (our excellent lay
Secretary) expressing his sincere regret that he should be unable
to attend the opening of the College, and explaining that, as the
weather at the time appointed is often somewhat uncertain, he
dare not incur the risk of catching a chill. He had, therefore,
reluctantly decided to act on the advice of his medical man, and
THE OPENING CEREMONY. 7

to forego the pleasure he would have had in being present on an
oceasion so auspicious, and when he would have seen so many of
his old and valued friends. He then proceeds as follows :—
‘May I hope that you will be good enough to represent me, and
to do all that is appropriate to the giving and receiving of the
key and the unlocking of the Library door? Please thank the
Committee for the honour they have done me in making this
presentation, and in asking me to open the Library for the first
time. I shall be glad, also, if you will acknowledge, in my name,
the success Mr. Worthington has made of the Library, which,
though I have not seen, has been described to me, by competent
Judges, as beautifully proportioned both in its interior and its
exterior. He concludes by wishing success to the College, and
the hope that it may be largely made use of by generations of
students, able, earnest, and devout—And now, Mr. Lupton,
permit me to thank you, in the name of Mr. Tate, for your kind-
ness in consenting to make the presentation of this key. You
have long been a faithful friend, a steadfast and liberal supporter
of this Institution. Not only have you rendered invaluable service
as a diligent member of its Committee, but for five successive
years you held the honourable office of President of the College,
discharging its responsible duties with conscientious assiduity,
and with the cordial approval of all who are interested in its
welfare. Between Mr. Tate and yourself there are old and
cherished ties of mutual regard, which again make it most accept-
able and grateful to him to receive this key at your hands. It
will be my duty, at an early opportunity, to transfer it to him,
and I feel assured I rightly interpret his feelings when I say, that
he will ever preserve it among the most valued of his treasures.
And now, having discharged, with conscious inadequacy, the
flattering and honourable trust committed to me by my excellent
friend, may I beg permission to say a few words on my own
account ? I desire to add my congratulations to those which have
been already expressed by my respected colleagues. I am deeply
impressed with the critical importance of the work in which we
are now engaged. It is of the highest moment that the purpose
8 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

should be rightly understood that led to the erection of this
building, the artistic beauty of which is so deservedly and uni-
versally admired. That purpose can never be better explained
than in the following words of one who has given the best and
truest of his life-work to the promotion of the interests of this
College, and whose absence, to-day, somewhat dims the fine gold
of our common gratulations. At the laying of the memorial stone
he said—“It is with no mere love of change that we have come
to Oxford. We have sought here a wider learning, a larger
intercourse with studious and pious men in this national seat of
learning and religion, coming back to claim again our share, as
Englishmen, in the traditions and honour of Oxford, conscious of
our littleness and weakness, but conscious also of an equal earnest-
ness, and as true a faith. We come resolved that above all things
we will have and maintain, on the one hand ‘free learning’
and ‘free teaching’ in Theology,—the noblest effort of all science ;
and on the other, a spirit of unfettered and personal piety, the
purest expression of the free life of the soul.” I will add, as a
dictate of justice, that the opportunity of discharging this sacred
mission, in a building so worthy of it, and in the centre of
this noble and venerable city of Colleges, is in a large measure
due to the clear conceptions, the strenuous aim, the unfaltering
faith of three men, whose names should not be left unrecorded
this day—Thomas Ashton, Charles Beard, and Robert Dukinfield
Darbishire. Others, many others, inspired by their example, have
done well, have made liberal donations of time and thought and
means; but to them belongs the chiefest honour and the praise.
And now, in conclusion, you and I will indulge the earnest hope
that the College may, in a yet higher degree, though in the same
spirit and aim, accomplish the purpose of its subscribers and
friends. Its collection of books for the instruction of its students
will be enshrined in this noble hall. The generous donor,
whose interest in libraries has been testified by many benefactions
besides this which now we gratefully recognise, has well illustrated
his acceptance of the dictum of Thomas Carlyle, that ‘a library is
the true University.’ We have thought it right to perpetuate
THE OPENING CEREMONY. 9

the remembrance of his munificent provision for this department
of the work of the College by placing over its door an inscription
of appropriate modesty and brevity, with the recital of which I
will conclude—‘ This Library Wing was the Gift of Henry Tate,
AD. 1891,

The Rev. Principal DRumMmonp said,—

Mr. PRESIDENT, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—An opportunity
will be afforded me to-morrow of speaking at some length upon
the history and principles of our College. But it is fitting that this
day I should not be altogether silent, as I stand here to represent
the teaching staff of the College, and I hope I may add, also, to
represent its students, for I am an old alumnus of this College,
and trust I have not yet ceased to be a student. I cannot but
look upon this magnificent building, which is to be occupied by
us day after day in serious work and preparation for a high and
sacred calling, as in some sense a donation from you who have
built it—a donation not, indeed, to us personally, who are at
present filled with a sense of the obligations which you have
thereby laid upon us, but to all the future teaching staff and to
many successive generations of students; and we receive it at
your hands as a trust committed to us, which imposes on us what
we feel to be a very weighty and solemn responsibility. This
building seems to provide more ample resources for work than
anything we have hitherto been able to accomplish would require.
It may seem, also, to be more sumptuous than is suitable for those
who can only look forward to a life of comparative poverty, and
who will always consider it their highest glory to deny themselves
and to endure laborious days, that they may benefit their fellow-
men in the spirit of him ‘who had not where to lay his head.’
But we accept it as a free offering of faith and hope which welled
up in your generous hearts, and led you to manifest in this princely
form your loving devotion to what you believe to be a great cause.
And we would look forward in faith, trusting that as you have
reared this noble pile, so you will send us, from year to year, a
succession of earnest young men, with their hearts on fire with
10 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

divine love, determined to devote their best powers to the great
cause of raising their fellow-men, and healing, so far as God may
grant them power, the sin and misery of the world. We would
enter on our work with high hopes—hopes founded on our humble
trust in Him by whose guiding hand we have been led thus far.
And while we look forward to the future, we must surely feel
also that this day records our grateful memory of pious and faithful
ancestors. We are simply attempting to complete the work
which they began in days of hardship and of peril, when they knew
not how soon their mouths might be stopped by the intrusion of
a government officer, and when instruction had to be given to
their youth by stealth. And as we look around upon their pictured
faces upon these walls, it is our most earnest prayer that their
spirit of faithfulness may abide with us, and that in these happier
and more peaceful times we never may abandon their high con-
scientiousness, and their sacred love both to the God who called
them and, I will add, to their fellow-men who persecuted them.
May we, like them, take our own course—‘ hostile to none, of none
afraid’ And we must remember, also—at least I cannot but
remember, and every year I feel it more deeply—what is our debt.
of gratitude to that vast roll of saintly men and women whose
names are not written in the book of fame, but are recorded in
the Book of Life. How many have we all known of sweetest
temper, of highest conscientiousness, of truest devotion to all they
thought for the public good—men and women who have ministered
most lovingly in their families, in their towns, or in quiet spots in
the seclusion of country life. We have only to let the scales of
selfishness fall from our eyes, and that miserable pessimism which
corrodes this age will drop away, and a fresh glory will stream
from earth and sky, and we shall see the smile of ‘angel faces’
all around us even to-day. When the love of God floods our
hearts, I sometimes wonder how heaven itself can present to us a
more lovely world, or how its courts can be more constantly
trodden by the footsteps of angels; and our most holy prayer
to-day is, that this spirit of fathers and mothers, of brethren and
sisters, may rest in our hearts, and that when, like them, we have
 
 
THE DEDICATION SERVICE. 11

passed the narrow stream, and all the blindness and confusion of
this world shall have dropped from our eyes, we may be found
not wholly unworthy to stand with them, and to be welcomed
by their loving smile in the nearer presence of our God.

THE DEDICATION.

 

SERVICE IN THE COLLEGE CHAPEL.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18th.

HYMN I.

“Immutabilis, mutans omnia.”— Augustine.
Lorp God, by whom all change is wrought,
By whom new things to birth are brought,

In whom no change is known:
Whate’er thou dost, whate’er thou art,
Thy people still in thee have part ;

Still, still thou art our own.

Ancient of Days! we dwell in thee;
Out of thine own eternity
Our peace and joy are wrought :
We rest in our eternal God,
And make secure and sweet abode
With thee who changest not.

Each steadfast promise we possess ;

Thine everlasting truth we bless,
Thine everlasting love.

Th’ eternal Helper close we clasp,

The everlasting arms we grasp,
Nor from the refuge move.
12 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Spirit, who makest all things new!

Thou leadest onward, we pursue
The heavenly march sublime.

With thy renewing fire we glow,

And still from strength to strength we go,
From height to height we climb.

Darkness and dread we leave behind ;

New light, new glory still we find,
New realms divine possess ;

New births of grace new rapture bring,

Triumphant the new song we sing,
The great Renewer bless.

To thee we rise, in thee we rest ;

We stay at home, we go in quest;
Still thou art our abode.

The rapture swells, the wonder grows,

As full on us new life still flows
From our unchanging God.

The Rev. C. B. Upton then offered prayer :—

Eternal God, to whom we owe our existence, and who art
ever with us in every pure thought and every high aspiration
and affection, to thee we would come with reverent and grateful
hearts, and humbly pray that thy congenial blessing may rest
upon the cause which has brought us with one accord from our
several homes together here. Blessed to our minds and hearts is
the assurance that we and all our brethren of mankind live and
move and have our being in thee who art eternal truth, eternal
love. Thine indwelling presence embraces and unites all in-
dividual souls, all the successive stages in the history of the
world and of humanity. When we have gleams of truth it is
thine immortal reason that enlightens us; when our hearts burn
with self-forgetful affection for our fellow-men, it is thine eternal
love which inspires us and invites us to co-operate with thee.
Through countless minds thou hast revealed, and art revealing,
THE DEDICATION SERVICE. 13

thy character and will; all good institutions our hearts assure us
rest upon some divine revelation of purpose dear to thee. We
deeply thank thee, O Father of our spirits, for the privilege we
enjoy in looking back upon the lives and teachings of the good
and noble men who, in past times, have consecrated all their
efforts to the furtherance of thy kingdom of truth and love on
earth. May the consciousness of spiritual kinship and brother-
hood with these beloved sons of thine inspire us to strive in our
day and generation, with like fidelity, to build upon the good
foundations which these wise and saintly ones of our race have
already laid. We rejoice, O God, that we live in a time when
the deep significance of that eternal gospel proclaimed by him
whose disciples we aspire to be, is revealing itself with increasing
clearness to so many earnest souls. Our hearts glow with
gratitude to thee, as we discern under every variety of changing
creeds the one essential truth of thine eternal incarnation in
humanity. While our human systems of theology come and go,
and ever pass from lower into higher forms, we owe it to thine
infinite love that the one path to true intimacy with thee, our
Heavenly Father, lies ever invitingly open to each willing mind.
In thy fathomless affection for the children of men thou
disclosest thine inmost being and essence to the pure and loving
heart. O God of Love, whose incarnate presence speaks to us
from every divine soul, from every noble book, from every heroic
deed, vouchsafe, we pray thee, to accept this our humble offering
of adoration and of prayer. May each one of us realise in ever
enlarging measure the infinite riches of that companionship with
thee, which has made the character and teachings of the divinest
of thy sons the true bread of life, the living water, for hungering
and thirsting souls. We pray with all our hearts that all seats
of learning in this and other lands may be inspired by deep faith
in thee ag the light of our reason and the source of all divine
ideals. May all human studies intensify the consciousness of
man’s immediate relationship with thee, and enable us to give
more effective expression to that divine love which we feel to be
thy living presence within us. So may we one and all be
14 MANCHESTER COLLEGE,

privileged to take some part, however lowly, in making supreme
upon this earth the spirit of him who was one with thee. In
his words we would pray—

Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name; thy
kingdom come; thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our trespasses, as
we forgive them that trespass against us; and lead us not into
temptation, but deliver us from evil; for thine is the kingdom,
the power, and the glory ; for ever and ever. Amen.

The Vice-Principal (Rev. J. E. CARPENTER) read lessons
selected from Psalm exxii.; Jeremiah, xxxi.; Matt., v.;
and IJ. Corinthians, 111.

HYMN IL.

Pour, blessed Gospel, glorious news for man !
Thy stream of life o’er springless deserts roll :
Thy bond of peace the mighty earth can span,
And make one brotherhood from pole to pole.

On, piercing Gospel, on! of every heart,

In every latitude, thou own’st the key :

From their dull slumbers savage souls shall start,
With all their treasures first unlocked by thee!

Tread, kingly Gospel, through the nations tread !
With all the civil virtues in thy train:

Be all to thy blest freedom captive led ;

And Christ, the true emancipator, reign !

Spread, giant Gospel, spread thy growing wings!
Gather thy scattered ones from every land:

Call home the wanderers to the King of kings:
Proclaim them all thine own ;—’tis His command.

The Rev. Principal DrumMmonp then offered prayer :—

Eternal God, who leadest the generations of men, and from
age to age workest out the plans of thine own wisdom and
THE DEDICATION SERVICE. 15

goodness, we come to thee with humble gratitude and trust.
Thou hast never left thyself without a witness, but the light of
thy unchanging thought has shone in earth and sky, and given
light to every man coming into the world. Thy word has gone
out into all lands, and spoken to each as he was able to hear; and
when thy children rebelled against thee, saints and prophets
have risen up and proclaimed the growing revelation of thy
righteousness and love. In the fulness of time thou didst send
forth thy Son to make known thy Fatherhood in its tenderness
and beauty, and to touch and glorify the hearts of thy children
with the spirit of Sonship; and in that high communion we would
humbly walk, cherishing the Divine Spirit in the inward sanctuary,
and following, though it may be with feeble and faltering steps,
the great Captain of our salvation. Thou hast taught us in him
that through much tribulation we must enter into the kingdom of
heaven; and our forefathers have learned through suffering the
lesson of patience and charity, and have passed through the
narrow ways of strife and anguish into the larger land of liberty
and love. For their labour and conflict, for their spirit of life that
rose above the seductions of the world, for their faithfulness amid
calumny and persecution, for their devotion to truth, for their
deep and gentle piety, and their sweet and mellow purity of soul,
we give thee thanks, and pray that we may be worthy of our
inheritance, and bear in loving memory the great cloud of witnesses
whom now we see not, but whose faith and goodness shine as a
hallowing light amid our perplexity and sin. In the more peaceful
times to which thou hast led our steps, may we retain their
integrity and faithfulness, and not lose in larger views and more
genial sympathies the willingness to sacrifice all for conscience
sake, and to accept as our highest honour the reproach of
Christ. Keep us from worldliness and self-seeking, and let the
simplicity of Christ abide in our hearts, adorning us with the
beauty of holiness, and arming us with the power of faith.

And now with thankfulness and joy we would dedicate to
thee this house which we have built. ‘Not unto us, O Lord, not
unto us, but unto thy name give glory, for thy mercy, and for
16 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

thy truth’s sake’ Thou whom the heaven of heavens cannot
contain, who yet dwellest with the man of contrite heart, may we
feel thy living presence here, that we may worship thee in spirit
and in truth, and through the communion of prayer become more
conscious of our brotherhood as thy children, and stronger for
our labours, more patient for our sorrows, purer for our pleasures
in the world. May this be a temple of truth, where thy light
shall shine in many a humble heart, where faithful study, and
earnest thought, and prayerful search for the deep things of the
spirit, shall find a rich reward. Give us, O Father, the single
eye, the candid mind, the holy self-forgetfulness, without which
none can see thee. Fill us with gratitude for the marvellous
light thou hast already shed upon our path, and let us not cast
from our hearts the treasured wisdom of the past, because a veil
of mystery falls around us as we press on to a nearer vision. Let us
work with the gladness.of hope, and may the dullest pathway along
which we seek for truth be illumined to our thought with the glory
that is to be.

Father, we humbly commit our lives and our work to thee.
We know not what a day may bring forth, or what thou hast in
store for us, and we would labour in faith, following thy call
though we know not whither thou wouldst lead us, and doing in
love and self-devotion the duty of the hour. Where we fail through
weakness, strengthen us; where we sin, forgive us, and draw us
once more to thyself ; where we are in error, lead us right. And
grant, O Father, that in some lowly measure we may help to heal
the wounds of thy church, and to make clearer to men that
blessed and eternal life to which thou hast called them in Christ.
Whether in good report, or in evil report, may we treasure thy
word in our hearts, till this world, with its sunshine and its clouds,
its hopes and its disappointments, fade from our sight, and we
waken into the fellowship of thy saints, the church of universal
righteousness and love. And when we are gathered to our fathers,
may our children hail the dawning of a brighter time, when thy
kingdom shall come, and thy will be done on earth, as it is in
heaven. For that blessed time may preparation be made by every
THE DEDICATION SERVICE. 17

church on earth, of every name. May the various members of
this University, and of all seats of learning, work together in the
brotherly union of common aims and hopes, each, according to his
gift and the measure of grace which thou dost grant, labouring to
bring in the reign of wisdom, truth, and goodness. Pour out thy
spirit in ever fuller flood upon the nations, that at last their
selfish strife may be subdued to the peace and love of Christ, and
all men become one in the consciousness that they are thy
children. Oh, come, thou inspirer and guide, thou healer of our
sin and woe, and make thy dwelling in every heart ; and to thee,
the eternal Lord of all, may blessing and praise and loving service
be rendered for ever and ever. Amen.

HYMN IIL
‘To Truth, to Liberty, to Religion.’
ETERNAL God, whose changeless will
Encircles all our changing years,
We praise thy love which giveth still
The fruit of joy from seed of tears.

Our fathers sought thee: thou wert there
On lonely moor, in prison cell;

Thy presence gave them strength to bear
Reproach, and, suffering, serve thee well.

No more on us is laid the cross

Of sorrow, danger, pain, or shame ;
They nobly triumphed over loss ;
Make us as faithful to thy name.

Where youth and ancient learning meet,
These walls we dedicate to thee ;

Thou art the Truth; lo, at thy feet

We lay our thanks for liberty.

Here, Lord, on waiting hearts bestow
Still richer treasures of thy thought ;
Here deign to bless the trembling vow
To labour, counting self as nought.
18 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Grant us thy grace through faith to win
A larger hope, a deeper love ;

Steadfast to fight the hosts of sin,

Nor from the Master’s footsteps move :

Till faith be sight, our witness done,
Each doubt at rest, hushed every strife,
And all thy Church on earth be one
In growing fulness of thy life.

The Rev. H. Enrtetp Dowson preached the Sermon :—
‘Thou desirest Truth’—Psalm 1. 6.

We, who have gathered this afternoon from far and near
within the walls of this College, newly erected at this historic
centre of the higher education of this country, do so with a
profound sense of the importance to us of the occasion. We are
here to-day in large numbers testifying afresh our allegiance to
an institution that has for generations been the embodiment of
our highest thought and life. We established it here after much
earnest discussion, and with many differences of opinion among
those who all loved it equally and were equally ready to be true
to it, wherever it might be; and, as we assemble at this opening
celebration, we find great cause for congratulation and for hope
in the countenance of many, who did not favour the settlement
here, but whose generous loyalty to the College is undiminished
thereby. Foremost among the happy omens, and one which adds
so much to this act of re-consecration of our beloved College to
its sacred task in its new home, is the presence of him who is our
leader, whom we love and revere more than lips can tell, and
whose spiritual children so many of us are. His being here
to-day is a benediction; and this building will enter upon its
history under auguries far happier than would have been possible,
had not that honoured grey head been bowed with ours for our
first worship in this chapel, and had not he crossed the threshold
of this College with us. That he, who has so long been our guide
‘to Truth, to Liberty, to Religion, should have passed beneath the
THE DEDICATION SERVICE. 19

portal bearing that sacred legend with hands spiritually locked in
ours, gives to this day one of its chief joys for our hearts. In
his presence I can say no more. Nor is it a small matter for
congratulation that we have been accompanied at this opening
celebration by many distinguished members of this ancient
University, beneath the shadow of whose stately piles we now
take our humble place. We esteem highly this expression of
their sympathy and good-will. It is one of the things that
to-day rejoices our hearts. But it is impossible that we should
enter these new buildings that we dedicate to the service of God
and man, without a thought of some who are not with us at this
opening, but whose spirits would have been among the most
joyous here. I think of one, who for years longed for the
coming of this day, one whose soul was full of desire for the
consummation now achieved, one in whose mind it first began to
take form and substance, one who would have crossed the
threshold with enthusiastic tread and with clear-eyed faith in the
future of the College, of which he was one of the most brilliant
alumni and one of the ablest and most devoted servants. I think
of Charles Beard. What would not all of us, who loved and
honoured and admired him beyond expression, and whose souls
have been so often stirred by the magic power of his eloquent
pleading on behalf of the very cause that is triumphant to-day,
what would not we give for a sight of that noble face shining on
this assembly, and for the accents in our ears of that voice whose
charm will never be forgotten by those who heard it? Alas! we
cannot see or hear him, but if the spirits of the departed can
revisit these scenes of earth, the soul of Charles Beard is in our
midst. In that thought, too, there is consecration.

And, as we meet to-day, we have in our minds also another
of the noble sons of Alma Mater, whose spirit was true as steel,
whose service was ever ready; of keen intellect, of burning
enthusiasm, of fearless courage, of resistless energy ; one who but
yesterday was with us, throwing himself into our counsels with
that mastery of business which characterised him, and full of the
warmest interest in the event of to-day, in which he had hoped
20 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

to share. Dr. Crosskey, also, we believe is with us in spirit, as we
gather for the dedication service here of the College that taught
him, and to which he gave his lifelong love and service; but
we are sad as we
‘__weep the comrade of our choice,
An awful thought, a life removed:
The human-hearted man we loved
A spirit, not a breathing voice.’

I dare hardly venture to refer, in this city of Oxford, to another
figure missed from our opening. Him I will not try to paint even
by a word. He came amongst us when we met, for the first time,
in our temporary home in High Street. That venerable face is
for ever imprinted on our memories; and it will never be for-
gotten by us that then he silently wished us God speed,—Oxford
University, in his person, extending to us the hand of one of her
noblest sons, and giving us a welcome that we prized beyond
measure. And to-morrow he was to have carried further his good-
will, and to have wished prosperity to our College. His kind
promise made our hearts glad; and we thought his words of cheer
would be prophetic of future happy relations between ourselves
and this ancient University. But it was not to be; and we are
respectful mourners at his tomb with those who knew him so
much better, but could honour him no more than we. And for ever
it will stand recorded in the annals of our College that Dr. Jowett
was twice ready to open his arms to us, and to give us a place in
his broad and generous sympathies. That, too, is a benediction.

And there is another, I thank God not among the dead, but
among the living, whose place at our side is vacant to-day, whom
we miss from the very bottom of our souls. JI cannot trust
myself to speak what I feel as to his absence. That we are here
to-day is more his doing than that of any other man. He has
laboured and waited for this hour. As I look at the stones of
this building, I seem to see him in spirit with trowel and mallet
in hand as the layer of each one of them. His faith in this
Oxford scheme that never fainted or failed, his spirit that ever
inspired his fellow-labourers, his tireless energy and self-devotion
THE DEDICATION SERVICE. 21

and his great administrative genius, these were always with us,
these did much to make this event that we celebrate to-day
possible ; while to the College itself, as a living institution, he has
been for more than a generation one of the chief sources of
inspiration. We, who have worked at his side for years, have—
again and again—been lifted up and strengthened by contact with
him, and when our spirits have been failing we have been touched
and quickened by his undying enthusiasm. In looking on to this
moment we ever thought of his joy in it; and that he is not here
to share in this opening robs it of no small part of its happiness.
But we enter this College with no aim nearer our hearts than to
make it the home of such a spirit as has been planted in us by
association with Robert Darbishire.

I have dwelt thus fully upon thoughts that I know are present
to all our minds in relation to these honoured men of our own of
whom I have spoken, because it is just spiritually hand in hand
with them that I would that we should all pass into this College,
founded on the principles to which they have devoted their lives.
And I further find in the welcome extended to us by the late
Master of Balliol more than a message of good-will; I find in it
also a new incentive, as I see the hand of him who was a foremost
leader of liberal thought in Oxford pointing out to us the new
opportunities that lie before us.

The names of Martineau and Beard and Crosskey and Darbi-
shire, of the living and the dead, are to us those of standard-bearers
of the highest and noblest and dearest principles in which we have
been reared ; they are the very completest exponents of the spirit
and the life of this College; in them are found embodied its aim
after high culture, its free search for the truth, its sympathies wide
as humanity, its pure and simple devotion to religion and piety.
With whatever shortcomings, these have been the goals that we
have ever placed before us, and to which these men have done so
much to help us to be faithful. In so far as we share their spirit,
we shall be led with sure guidance along the path in which we
should walk. And never in the history of our College was the
call to walk in it sounding more loudly in our ears.
22 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Our College is now a theological College pure and simple, its
undergraduate course no longer existing, though undergraduate
exhibitions are still offered, tenable at any approved British or
Irish University. But this change, now of some years’ standing,
was made from no depreciation of the value, or the necessity, of
the highest literary culture. It was intended to leave the way
open for culture under the best conditions available in this country,
especially at the ancient seats of learning, now for a quarter of a
century accessible to students of every religious persuasion. And
the spirit of the noble sons of our College, whom I have invoked
to-day, speaks to us in commanding tones to keep as high as is
attainable the intellectual standard of preparation for entry on
our divinity course. All who have at heart the sacred work in
which our College is engaged, will have the most anxious desire
that scholarship shall lie at its foundation, and that those who
seek to enter its class-rooms shall be satisfied with nothing less
than the highest attainments within their reach. That is our
tradition from the past. The nearest and most immediate aim of
our College is the education of a learned ministry; to this its
teaching is directed; and for this must its students be prepared
before they enter its walls.) And one of the hopes, before all
others, with which we pass this threshold to-day is, that the ranks
of our students for the ministry in this great home of high
national culture may be more and more recruited from materials
that shall be the best morally, intellectually, and religiously, that
can be found. I plead with the best and brightest of the rising
generation to take up the calling of ministers of God and of his
church, and if our College can help them to fulfil it, it will be
happy indeed.

And surely never before was the amplest cultivation of the
mind, the ‘most complete theological equipment, the fullest
knowledge of biblical research, the most accurate acquaintance
with the evolution of doctrine and the history of religion, the
most thorough comprehension of the great problems of Religious
Philosophy and of Ethical and Social Science, so much needed for
the minister of religion as in our day, when men’s minds are
THE DEDICATION SERVICE. 23

seething with these questions, and when no one can be a religious
leader who has not looked them in the face and answered, in the
depths of his own soul, the enquiries to which they give rise.
Otherwise he is a blind leader of the blind. To send forth into
the ministry men who shall not be thus intellectually and
spiritually blind, but seeing, is the high purpose to which more
than ever our College is called to be faithful. But, while it is
directed to this aim of giving, to minds prepared, the completest
and most scholarly theological training in its power, it is bound
over by its own traditions to something also equally vital. High
culture has not been a more marked feature of the noblest alumni
of our College, whose spirit has made it what it is to-day, than has
been their unswerving allegiance to its fundamental principle of
free teaching and free learning of theology, and to that principle,
more than ever in these new surroundings, we consecrate it. ‘To
Truth, to Liberty, to Religion, the legend above our portal, is in
the words of Dr. Barnes’ dedication of Manchester Academy, of
which we, here, are the representatives to-day; and to that
dedication, in all its migrations, the College has been steadfastly
true as the needle to the pole. The students for the ministry, to
educate whom has been its chief purpose, have entered and have
left its class-rooms absolutely unpledged. No meaner quest than
that of the truth of God has been placed before teachers or taught,
and the issue of the search has been left free as the breath of
heaven. This is not, and never has been, and, please God, will
never be, a denominational College. To become so would be for
it to desecrate its high calling.

The ministry of religion is that for which it prepares its
divinity students, and it asks no questions, and seeks no answers,
as to the church in which the service shall be rendered. It tries
to give its alumni the best opportunities of judging for themselves
what is true, and has no concern as to what the judgment shall
be, or whither it shall lead them in the fulfilment of their
ministry. All that it asks of its students is a mind open to every
ray of light that shines upon it from the bright orb of truth, and
the dedication in advance to the service of any single church could
24 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

be demanded only in flagrant breach of its vital principle. Our
College has a welcome for earnest religious souls, from every
quarter, devoted to the ministry of God, and enters this building
to-day with the sole prayer, that, when its students leave it, they
may be faithful servants of the highest truth they know, and of
the church that to them is the purest, and the noblest, and the
best.

The spirit which descends upon us here, and which, I think,
in this, our new home, commits to our keeping a peculiar and
fresh responsibility with regard to it, is that of allegiance to
no meaner service than that of the kingdoin of God on earth,
with sympathies wide as humanity, and with aspirations limited
only by righteousness and truth. To this, through good and
through evil report, whether in the day of small things or
that of larger realisation of our hopes and aims, we dedicate this
structure that we have raised, and we pray God, that in fidelity
to this it may never waver, but keep this high inheritance from
an honoured past as its pearl of greatest price. Let it be touched
by no sacrilegious hand. And with this liberty in the search for
the truth of God, that has descended to us as an heirloom, there
has come down to us, too, what is even more precious.

These men, whose spirit we have invoked to-day, and who
have given to this College its character, have been deeply and
profoundly religious and full of a simple and devoted piety. Of
that, too, must our College ever be the home. The kingdom of
God will not be established in men’s souls by any ministry but
one whose lips are touched with the live coal from the altar of
deep and true religion. Within these walls may there ever be
found the spirit of self-devotion, of loving self-forgetfulness in the
service of God and man, the spirit that can joyfully endure
hardness in the ministry of Christ, the spirit of pure, simple,
earnest, manly piety. The spirit of Christ is more needful for
the servants of the divine kingdom of righteousness on earth
than all the learning of all the schools, and all the liberty of the
most unshackled search for truth. In this College, thank God,
we inherit this tradition too; and that, in the new home of our
THE DEDICATION SERVICE. 25

Alma Mater, the tradition may not die, but live, and that the
light of devotion to the life that is hid with Christ in God may
shine more and more unto the perfect day, is my most solemn
dedication prayer.

I have been speaking of traditions come down to us from our
own past, and of the inspiration which we derive from the noblest
sons of this College, as we enter this building; but not less, I
think, are we brought under fresh inspiration at this hour. The
welcome that the late revered Master of Baliol was ready to give
us for the second time, and the kindly sympathy of many honoured
sons of this great University shown by their presence at our
opening, brings us into contact with something wider than even
our own broadest and freest traditions. We are received into the
fellowship of men in whom live traditions diverse from ours, and
who represent the life and spirit of this ancient seat of the national
culture; and, face to face with this University of Oxford, we feel
in the presence of a larger life than any found within our walls.
Around us here are the thoughts and the ideas and the aspirations
that are working in some of the finest minds in England, and
doing much to influence its young life. We find that here is a
tone of high scholarship, a lofty ideal of culture; that here are
men of high distinction, many of them taking the very foremost
positions in their own branches of learning. We find that in the
study of Theology there is much of that spirit of liberty to which we
pay our homage; and we take our place in the ranks of all those
here who, with open and eager minds, are seeking after light, ever
fresher and ever brighter. The feeling grows upon us of the great
gain that there may be to us from the mingling of our life with
this larger life around us,—in the raising thereby of our ideal of
scholarship, in the enlarging of our sympathies, and in the recog-
nition of thoughts and of searchings after truth as fearless and as
free as the heart can desire. I think there is an influence upon
us in all this, tending to make our life broader in spirit, and to
bring us into conscious brotherhood with all the faithful seekers
after truth of every church and every creed, and to make any
limitation to the service of a single church more and more
26 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

impossible to our minds. And I think our presence here in the
midst of this great student-life brings us, not indeed for the
first time, but afresh, to a far wider conception of our calling.
Our calling is not wholly fulfilled in the educating of ministers.
Jt is ours more and more to strive to become here, in Oxford,
a school of Theology for its own great sake, taking our part,
however small and humble a one it may be, in moulding the
thoughts and inspiring the mind of the rising generation of
England upon the highest of all subjects—God and Duty and
Immortality. Never has the theory of our College been that
of a mere Seminary. In it, of old, the young laymen sat at
the desk side by side with their future ministers; here in
Oxford we hope to re-knit these old associations between
students, cleric and lay, and to do something to inspire in both a
love of pure and free religious thought and life; and we pray that,
if it may be, from within this new structure of our hands, which
we dedicate to-day, may be borne a testimony which may be heard
outside its own walls, and that it may be possible that, under the
providence of that God, who uses small means as well as great for
the fulfilment of his purposes, we may take humble rank among
the pioneers who, at this ancient home of the national culture,
shall clear the ground and prepare the way for the reception into
her rightful place in University education of Theology, the queen
of all the sciences, and so bring nearer the reign of the truth
and righteousness of God on earth,

HYMN IV.

O Gop, whose law is in the sky,
Whose light is on the sea,
Who livest in the human heart,
We give ourselves to thee.

In fearless world-wide search for truth,
Whatever form it wear,

Or crown or cross, or praise or blame,
We thine ourselves declare.
THE DEDICATION SERVICE. 27

In love that binds mankind in one,
That serves all those in need,

Whose law is helpful sympathy,
In this we’re thine indeed.

In labour, whose far distant end
Is bringing to accord

*Man’s common life with highest hope,
We follow thee, O Lord!

To truth, to love, to duty, then,
‘Wherever we may be,

We give ourselves; and doing this
We give ourselves to thee.

For hand and heart and mind are thine,
And thine the will to give ;

So what is thine we render thee,
And for thy service live.

The Benediction was said by the Rev. Dr. Martineau.
—-—_-0+¢

At the Depication Service Wm. Tarts, Esq., of
London, presided at the Organ.

————-> 2+oe<_

The College building was open for inspection till 9-30
p-m.; at 8 p.m. the College Organist, Mr. E. L. Prices,
played a Selection of Music on the Organ, and Vocal
Solos were contributed by Miss M. E. Lippstz, and Mr.
J. E. Hearey, B.A.

AO
THE COMMUNION SERVICE,

HELD IN THE COLLEGE CHAPEL.

 

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 19th.

 

HYMN I.

ImmortaL by their deed and word,
Like light around them shed,

Still speak the prophets of the Lord,
Still live the sainted dead.

The voice of old by Jordan’s flood
Yet floats upon the air ;

We hear it in beatitude,
In parable and prayer.

And still the beauty of that life
Shines star-like on our way,

And breathes its calm amid the strife
And burden of to-day.

Earnest of life for evermore
That life of duty here,—

The trust that in the darkest hour
Looked forth and knew no fear !

Spirit of Jesus, still speed on !
Speed on thy conquering way,

Till every heart the Father own
And all his will obey.

The Vice-Principal (Rev. J. HE. Carpenter) read the
lesson, Mark x., 17-31, and 35—45: John xiv., 15—81.
THE COMMUNION SERVICE. 29

Communion Address, by Rev. Dr. Martingav :—

BRETHREN IN THE FELLOWSHIP OF CHRIST, We have dedicated
this building to the service of God in spirit and in truth. It
remains that we dedicate ourselves, in all our use of it and life
within it, to the highest claims of the Spirit and the surest
leadings of the Truth. Its fair proportions, and graceful lines,
and shapely spaces, must no longer offer themselves as the empty
shell inviting pious souls to enter. The time is come for the
beauty of holiness to take possession of its congenial abode: this
is the hour to realise, in thought and vow, the temper which
should breathe through mind and heart and life around this
shrine.

Dearly-beloved, let us not miss the distinctive spirit of this
morning’s offering here. Other acts of devotion there are in
which each oue, charged with his own burden, enters his closet
and shuts the door, and whispers his inmost confidences to the
‘Father who seeth in secret,’ and having knelt in penitent sorrow,
rises up in trust and peace. But here, no one is alone; each is
with the little band of first disciples, listening to their Master’s
parting words, and receiving from his hands, so soon to be stretched
forth and pierced, the bread which he brake and the cup which he
tendered; and each can mingle with the moonlight group upon
the hill, and be awe-struck by the anguish of Gethsemane; each
of us, however, being now able to tell how that deepest tragedy
became the presage of divinest blessings for the world. Here,
then, we quit the lonely self, and throw ourselves into the com-
munion of one love, one reverence, one eucharistic joy.

Nor is it only with each other that we, of this living flock
to-day, join in holy communion. Some you will all remember
who have been with you in this sacred hour and are seen at your
side no more; gone from our poor company, yet not so far that
they cannot whisper to our hearts, and teach by their silent
presence lessons diviner than any words. And as soon as your
inward eye can loose itself from them, look round on the shadowy
perspective of forms amid which they stand,—the great historic
host of sixty generations and of every tongue, to whom as to us
30 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Jesus of Nazareth has consecrated life, and from its earthly
contents evolved its heavenly promise. They all have touched
these emblems with venerating hand, when seeking inauguration
into that sublimer assembly. Hither came Augustine with his
storm-tossed soul, invoked Christ to walk upon the waters, and
lo! there was a great calm! Here did St. Francis receive his call
to withdraw from an unclean and greedy world, and plant upon
its margin a model of godly, self-devoted and tender life, till the
hearts of men were touched and awakened by the contrast. And
where, so well as here, could Thomas a Kempis discover that the
true disciple was he who best reflected the image of the Christ
on earth? Here Milton, through the bars of darkness, caught
glimpses of the empyrean glory. Here Tauler learned that the
secret of the Christian mind lay not in goading the will to efforts
for its own ideas, but in pure surrender, through self-renunciation,
to the Spirit communing with our own. And blended with these
mightier voices, how many are the undertones of private humanity
which only the ever-listening God can hear! In this commemora-
tion we stand where sorrow and penitence have for ages sought to
be; where heaven’s strongest light has fallen to blanch the stains
of sin; where bereavement has found its deepest calm, the young
have fixed their early vows, and the old renewed their latest trust.
This is a company that can never make ashamed. Let us be one
with it for ever; abiding with its lower brotherhood, while yet we
may ; and joining the greater communion, when the passport of
God is given.

What means the allegiance which we here renew? Is it a
thanksgiving to an atoning Redeemer and intercessor? Ah no!
never were we outcasts from Thee, All-merciful !

“Did ever mourner plead with thee,
And thou refuse that mourner’s plea ?”

No; we look up with reverential eye to Christ, not personally for
what he has done for us, but devoutly, for what he is in himself;
namely, of all that has been realised on the scale of human life,
the likest in spirit unto God himself; as the living definition of
THE COMMUNION SERVICE. 31

whatever, in the inward order of affection and will, we are meant
‘to be; the image of a chosen perfection, wrought out under the
conditions of a free and growing nature, that is, amid the conflicts
of temptation, and the immaturity of knowledge. Our vow of
fidelity to him is thus a self-dedication to the perfect life—a
deepened purpose to think and speak the true, to love the good,
to do the right, cost what it may ; and to spend ourselves on these
with passionate devotion that can spare no side-glances at personal
ease, or gain, or reputation. To all such things we mean to die,
though we bear the cross of our own agony, that we may surrender
our spirits to live unto God.

In one respect, it is true, the life of Christ, from its very
perfectness, affords a distant, rather than an instant model for us.
The affluence and harmony of his soul left him a freedom which
is not yet ours. He framed no rules; he made no vows; he did
not prescribe the shape which his future hours should take; but
lived freshly on from moment to moment; with spirit like the
wind that bloweth where it listeth ; now gently fanning open the
tender blossoms of infancy, now sweeping, as the hurricane, over
the rank harvest of hypocrisy. He was ready for whatever the
instant might bring: his entire soul was always with him and
awake: he had no reluctant will to watch, no drowsy affection to
guard against, no internal weakness to remedy by external
discipline. And so the order of his being, like that of God, was
the order, not of structure and arrangement, but of beauty and of
good. With us it is otherwise. We are not always what we are
sometimes. The different parts of us are liable to wake and sleep
successively ; and these alternations are the sources of our deepest
humiliations. The moments of high resolve and clear affection,
when a holy order reigns within, and life appears a thing divine,
fade away into lower moods of doubt and relaxation, when we
are not ready for the call of self-denying love, and temptations we
had scorned come upon us with bitter surprise, and sorrows we
had learned to glorify gather round us with a dreadful gloom. If
any one can attain to the constancy of Christ, he may live as the
creature of passing feeling: in him deepest passion and highest
32 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

action will coincide. But for others, the true art of Christian
faithfulness must consist in giving to the better mind effectual
rule over the worse; in carrying out the decrees of affection when
affection is not there; in doing the bidding of conscience when
conscience lies asleep. The life planned with the insight of an
inspired moment must be executed at the common level of the
hours. This it is that constitutes the genuine work of faith and
obedience. Could we choose our own times for severest duty and
the most grievous trial,—could we bring them straight down upon
our periods of happiest strength and brightest worship,—could we
say, ‘Now, Lord, canst thou lay thy burden on us, and we shall
neither faint nor fail,—even the infirm of heart would scarcely
find a yoke too heavy to be borne. Our harder office is to accept
God’s times instead of choosing our own; we cannot condense our
work into seasons of resolve, but must distribute our resolves over
the seasons of work; adhering amid weak spirits to the designs of
stronger, and anchored on the deep rock of the past, while tossing
on the rising floods of the present. The strenuous task becomes
due at the instant of special weariness; the office of cheerful
affection falls on the sinking and shattered heart; and the call to
patient sorrow startles the hour most needed for disembarrassed
work. To prevail over these sad contradictions and harmonize
them all by a sweet and steadfast will, is the aim of the vows we
here make beneath the eye of God. These vows we are to obey,
even against ourselves: to the faith which inspires them we are to
cling, in defiance of every mean suggestion that would quench it
from our hearts. It is the glory of the generous soul, to sit in
darkness yet believe in light; to pant in the ashy desert yet
expect the green meadow and ever-flowing spring ; to stand to the
lonely post on the battle-field, and wait the rescue or be content
to fall.

Here let us take the silent pledge to win this victory of faith ;
to enforce upon our uncertain life the constancy of a pure and
patient mind; to fill the open hours, yet unpledged to heedless-
ness and sin, with punctual duty and unselfish deeds; to uphold,
amid the seductions of ease and the false arts of the world, the
THE COMMUNION SERVICE. 33

fresh simplicity of human affections; keeping the inward eye
fixed, through every change, upon the immortal Leader of all
struggling and faithful souls.

LET us PRAY.

Eternal God, Source of the Light that never sets and the Love
that never fails! while we remember thine ancient mercies, and
behold in the Man of sorrows the accepted Son of God, may
we be drawn nearer to the pure in heart who truly see Thee.
Sanctify unto us this hour of communion with him and Thee, and
may we bear from it somewhat of the patience of thy saints, and
their clearer vision of heavenly things. Forsake us not, O Lord,
if we forget Thee: look on thy wanderers from afar, and follow us
with thy chastenings, till we return home to thine embrace once
more. Strengthen us to bear the cross on which all that is
perishable in us shall die, and the spirit that is thine shall enter
on diviner life with Thee. Content with the humblest duty,
trustful under thy severest call, may we have one only care, to
serve thy perfect will, and to finish the work Thou hast given us
to do. Amen.

The bread and wine were administered by the Rev.
J. E. CARPENTER, assisted by the Rev. T. Hrncxs, the
Rev. C. Harcrove, the Rev. J. E. Opcmrs, and the
Rev. Satomon Csr.

HYMN II.

GRANTED is the Saviour’s prayer
Sent the gracious Comforter :
Never will he now depart,
Inmate of the humble heart.

Come, divine and peaceful guest !
Enter our devoted breast :
Intercede in silence there ;
Breathe the unutterable prayer.
34 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Crown the agonizing strife,
Principle and Lord of life:
Life divine in us renew,
Thou the gift and giver too !

Brood thou o’er our inward night,—
Darkness kindles into light :

Spread thy overshadowing wings,—
Order from confusion springs.

Pain and sin and sorrow cease ;
Thee we meet, and all is peace :
Joy divine in thee we prove,

Light of truth and fire of love.

BENEDICTION.

Now the God of all grace, who has called us to his peace by
Jesus Christ, make you perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle you;
and to Him be glory and dominion for ever. Amen.

OOD,
 

 
THE PRINCIPAL’S ADDRESS,

DELIVERED IN THE COLLEGE CHAPEL.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 19th.

Wuat is the origin of the College for which this noble edifice
has been reared? Why is it planted here, amid the venerable
associations of a great University ? What are the principles by
which it is governed, and the aims to which it is consecrated ?
In order to answer these questions we must go back through more
than three centuries of our national history, till we find ourselves
amid the conflicting parties which arose in connection with the
Reformation. The College itself, indeed, cannot claim an antiquity
of much more than a century, but it is the representative of an
ancestry which had its source amid the controversies of a much
earlier period. Though the tendencies out of which these
controversies sprang are still with us, it is with no desire
to stir the smouldering ashes of ancient enmity that I refer to
them, but that we may all alike profit by the lessons of history,
and, as the dispute of Jew and Samaritan disappeared in the
higher worship in spirit and in truth, so we, perchance, may
find the ‘more excellent way’ which leads from un-Christian
estrangement to a higher spiritual unity.

At the time of the Reformation a large proportion of the
English Church would gladly have kept within the Roman
Communion, and was drawn into its separate position by political
rather than religious motives; and even when aversion to Papal
supremacy had become a national sentiment, the party which
finally obtained the ascendancy clung to Catholic usage, and
maintained principles which corresponded essentially with the
theory and practice of Rome. They rejected what they regarded
as usurpation, and abandoned some doctrines which seemed to be
no part of the primitive faith; but they wished to confine the
changes of thought and of ceremonial within the narrowest
possible limits; they clung to the symbols which had become
36 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

entwined with their deepest religious affections ; they would hear
of no breach in that episcopal organisation which seemed to have
come down in unbroken succession from the Apostles; and they
maintained the right of ecclesiastical authority to legislate in
things indifferent, and to control by its steadfast witness the
unstable and delusive movements of private judgment.

On the other side was the Puritan party, whose movement
rested on essentially religious grounds. However narrow and
fanatical we may deem the Puritans in some respects to have been,
there can be no doubt that they were impelled by a newly-kindled
faith, and by the protest of an outraged righteousness. They
revolted against the whole Papal system, which appeared to them
to have set up a gaudy superstition in place of the spiritual
worship inculcated by Christ, to have destroyed the sincerity of
faith by substituting a number of frivolous forms, and even money
payments, for the devotion and contrition of the heart, and to
have interposed a corrupt and worldly priesthood between the
worshipper and God. Their final court of appeal was the Bible;
and as the Bible had long been withheld from the people, and its
word was not yet smothered under an unspiritual dogma, it was
read with all the delighted surprise of novelty, and, appealing to
sentiments which had lain dormant under the numbing influence
of a coercive system, it awakened a burning enthusiasm for
righteousness and God.

It is interesting to remember here that Oxford had its share
in this great work of spreading the Scriptures among the people.
The movement of Wycliffe was indeed premature, and died away
in social convulsion, and wild attempts to establish by violence
the brotherhood of man; but he set the example of translating
the Bible (7), and the precious volumes carried about the country
by his ‘poor priests’ may have deposited seeds which never lost
their vitality, but only awaited the proper season to germinate.
Rather more than a century later Colet applied the new learning
to the interpretation of St. Paul’s Epistles ; and the growing study
of Greek enabled Tyndal to begin at Magdalen Hall his

(?) The New Testament was his own work ; the Old was by Nicholas de Hereford.
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 37

preparation for that noble work to which he gave up his life, and
which the blind prejudice of rulers forbade him to execute in his
own country. But the great church to which the whole of
Western Christendom owed allegiance, could not look on tamely
while people, eager for new light, met together to read ‘ certain
chapters of the Evangelists, in English, containing in them divers
erroneous and damnable opinions and conclusions of heresy’ (+);
and measures were accordingly taken against the rising danger.
Even Oxford had to be purified, for did not a number of young
men meet together, not to gamble and drink wine, but for the
heinous purpose of reading St. Paul’s Epistles?) Anthony Dalaber,
for refusing to betray a friend, was fixed in ‘a great pair of very
high stocks’ in Lincoln College, and then imprisoned for heresy,
while ‘Master John Clark,’ the leader of these depraved youths,
escaped the stake by dying from the noisomeness of his prison (*).
It is well to remember these old times, when the most generous
minds could snatch only stolen glimpses of the higher reaches of
thought and emotion; for by the suffering and the blood of that
age of strife and martyrdom our liberty has been purchased.
Repulsive caricatures have been drawn by their enemies of
the manners and appearance of the Puritans; for to the dissolute
courtiers of the reign of Charles IJ. a man of high faith and
clean living must have been a very odious and uncomfortable
apparition. But although the portraits designed by enemies are
to be received with caution, although Milton was not a canting
hypocrite, or Colonel Hutchinson a sour fanatic, it cannot be
denied that Puritanism had a less amiable side, which was
due partly to a certain narrowness of principle, partly to the
circumstances of the time. The newly-discovered Bible gradually
became less and less of an inspiration, and more and more of a
binding authority; and the grateful love which it awakened by
the redeeming power of its grandest utterances stiffened into the
dogma which made it the only divine standard of faith and
practice, equally the word of God from Genesis to Revelation.

 

(+) Quoted by Professor Froude, History of England, II., page 27, note t.
(2) See the whole story in Froude II., pp. 45, sqq.
38 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Hence it was possible to appeal to examples and principles in the
Old Testament which were hardly sanctioned by the spirit of the
New, and the enemies of Puritanism were classed with the
enemies of God, like the idolatrous foes of Israel. The violent
antipathy to everything that savoured of Rome sprang not only
from reaction against the undoubted corruption and hollowness
of the prevalent religion, but from the identification of Catholicism
with tyranny in the State, and with superstition and corruption
in the Church. But what, I suppose, most excited the ridicule
and contempt of the swinish herd that lived only for pleasure
and dissipation was the profound sense of sin which gave a
certain severity and even sadness to the demeanour, and often
prevented sympathy with the lighter and more pleasant aspects
of life, and led to an austerity of judgment which saw in childish
foibles or even in innocent recreations a deadly guilt. The broad
and genial humanity of a more joyous and trustful age withered
under this torturing self-consciousness and sense of merited doom.

Yet, with all its shortcomings, Puritanism was one of the
grandest uprisings of the human soul that this world has known.
Never has religion been more real. Never has the heart been
more completely prostrated in adoring love before the majesty of
God. Never, as Milton has testified, has the love of virtue been
implanted more deeply in the human breast. Never have men
gone with more confidence and courage to encounter danger and
death for truth and freedom. Some of their defects were only the
darker side of their nobility. They were intolerant of all the
paraphernalia of worship that seemed to draw the soul from God,
and the accompaniments of art were deemed a profane interference
with the ravishment of their high communion. The plain old
meeting-houses, which we are learning to despise, may remind us
of the sturdy simplicity of strong and upright men, who needed
no blandishments of ritual to lure them into the presence of God.
It was an overmastering sense of a divine command laid upon
them that made them invincible in the great fight for constitutional
liberty ; and if they had little tenderness for earthly prerogative
and power, it was because they bowed to a higher authority than
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 39

that of kings. The mind dulled by habit or official position can
little understand the power of religious conviction when it gushes
fresh from the opened wells of faith within the heart; and James I,
when he closed the Hampton Court Conference with the words,
“I will make them conform, or I will harry them out of the land,
learned not from the pedantry of his statecraft with what a force
he had to deal, and little dreamed that within fifty years of this
tyrannical boast his son’s head would be upon the block,—a
terrible consummation of a bitter and fratricidal strife, which I
am far from wishing to defend.

We have not, thus far, alluded to any divisions within the
ranks of the Puritans; but while they may justly be grouped
together, owing to certain common characteristics, they comprised
diverse and even opposite tendencies; and it becomes necessary
for us to glance at the two principal parties,—the Independents
and the Presbyterians. The Independents’ ideal of ecclesiastical
government was so remote from that which was dominant in the
nation at large, that they could not hope to re-model the ancient
system into conformity with their own views. They were, there-
fore, content to stand outside the existing order, and asked only
for toleration, that they might, without the interference of the
civil power, assemble congregations and conduct public worship
in accordance with their own conceptions of primitive Christianity.
It thus became clear to them that religion was an affair between
a man’s own conscience and his God, and that the authority of the
State could not relieve its citizens of their individual responsibility
in the highest concerns of the soul. The principle of universal
toleration, at least within the limits of civil order and safety, was
an inevitable corollary of this position; but men are not always
consistent, and too often withhold from others what they demand
for themselves; and it confers the highest honour on the Inde-
pendent party that, in an age of bigotry and persecution, they
denied the right of the legislature to prescribe, under penalty, the
form of belief or the mode of worship. Cromwell, as is well
known, would have no Act of Uniformity in his army. ‘The
State,’ he said, ‘in choosing men to serve it, takes no notice of
40 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

their opinions. If they be willing faithfully to serve it, that
satisfies.’ When he was about to embark for Ireland, he recom-
mended to Parliament the abolition of all penal laws relating to
religion ; and the restrictions which were imposed, whether or not
they were wise and just, were at least based upon political and
moral, rather than theological considerations. We must observe,
however, that political toleration is quite compatible with eccle-
siastical intolerance. A sect may consistently hold that religion
is entirely removed from the province of the civil magistrate, and
nevertheless maintain the most rigid ideas of orthodoxy and
discipline, and regard it as a sacred duty to purge itself of all
defilement of heresy by a rigorous excommunication of offenders.
It is not difficult to sympathise with the sorrowful apprehen-
sions which such principles awakened. They seemed to involve a
renunciation of the old idea of Catholic unity, and threatened to
shiver Christendom into fragments, bound together by no organic
and visible cohesion. Men could not acquiesce, without a struggle,
in the creation of this new world of ‘Sectaries.’ The ideal of a
Church of God, one and indivisible, was sinking away into the
land of dreams; but at least it was a glorious vision, and one not
to be relinquished without much searching of heart, and much
vehement protest. Here lies, I suppose, the worthy principle on
which the intolerance of good men was based. They wished to
save the corporate life of Christendom, at least within the realm
of England, and to reform the Church on lines which would make
it inclusive of all the genuine Christianity of the country. But if
this was to be accomplished, the Church would have to limit its
requirements to what was fundamental, and allow a considerable
latitude of choice in things indifferent. According to this principle,
then, civil intolerance, if it was to have any semblance of justice,
involved ecclesiastical toleration, and a readiness to include a rich
variety of species under the comprehensive genus of a single
church. Among the Puritans, the Presbyterians embraced this
view, which gradually expanded and cleared itself under the
discipline of suffering; and ‘comprehension’ may be taken as
their watchword, as ‘toleration ’ was that of the Independents.
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 41

At first, however, the English Presbyterians were more
distinguished by their intolerance than their inclusiveness; and
Thomas Cartwright, Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity at
Cambridge, was animated by a fierce and narrow bigotry worthy
of Calvin himself, and would have placed England under the iron
sway of Presbyters,ruling by divine right, suppressing Episcopalians
and Sectaries with impartial severity, and persecuting, even to
death, those whom, in their blind zeal, they pronounced to be
heretics. Happily this extreme and savage form of Protestant
bigotry did not take root in England; but, in passing judgment
upon the later persecution of the Presbyterians, we must remember
that this evil spirit had manifested itself among them, and
given rise to not unreasonable apprehensions. Even under the
Commonwealth the Presbyterians were strongly opposed to the
large and tolerant policy of the Protector, and regarded as of evil
omen the article that ‘ none be compelled to conform to the public
religion by penalties or otherwise; but that endeavours be used
to win them by sound doctrine and the example of a good
conversation (7). Cromwell, in his oath on assuming the reins of
government, coupled together words which have become for us so
full of significance, ‘Religion and Liberty ;’ but although, on
grounds of State, popery and prelacy were expressly excepted, our
forefathers looked askance at this combination, and reluctantly
yielded up the coercive power by which they would have brought
the country under the divine rule of an evangelical ministry.
They were not, however, inaccessible to the lessons of experience ;
and Baxter, in reviewing the apprehensions of these times, confesses
‘to a change of opinion, and says, ‘I shall for the future think
that land happy where the people have but bare liberty to be as
good as they are willing; and if countenance and maintenance be
but added to liberty, and tolerated errors and sects be but forced
to keep the peace, I shall not hereafter much fear such a toleration,
nor despair that truth will bear down its adversaries’(?). Even
at an earlier time, Baxter’s tendency towards a large inclusiveness

 

(+) Quoted by Neal, History of the Puritans, IV., 73.
(?) Quoted by Neal, ib., 78.
42 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

was manifested on a celebrated occasion. As one of a committee of
divines appointed in 1654 to draw up a catalogue of ‘fundamentals’
to be presented to Parliament, he suggested that they should require
only the Apostles’ Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, and the Ten Command-
ments ; and when the objection was raised that this rule would
include Socinians and Papists, he replied that it was all the
better adapted to be a centre of unity. Nevertheless, after the
Restoration, he objected to the toleration of Papists and Socinians,
and was told by the king that the ‘ Presbyterians were a set of
men who were only for setting up themselves ’(*).

The fact that the Presbyterians were animated by religious
motives and high conscientiousness could not make their
intolerance amiable, or their rule less galling to those who
adhered to the old order in the Church; and though enmity and
vindictiveness are always to be condemned as alien to the spirit
of Christ, we can hardly wonder that, in the frailty of human
nature, the Episcopalian party, when it regained its power, was
eager to pay off old scores, and could be satisfied with nothing
short of the total suppression of its rivals. I need not here
dwell upon the oft-repeated tale of the Restoration amid the
triumphant hopes of the Presbyterians, to be so soon succeeded
by bitter disappointment; of the Corporation Act, by which
Dissenters were driven from public life; of the Act of Uniformity,
passed by a majority of six, which was considered amply sufficient
for trampling on the rights of an adverse party, and before which
the Lords, who had wiser views of statesmanship and a higher
sense of the obligations of public faith, withdrew their objections ;
of the Conventicle Act, which was practically a prohibition of
public worship other than that of the Church of England; of the
Five-Mile Act, passed at Oxford, which banished Nonconformist
Ministers from cities and boroughs; and of the Test Act, which
was directed mainly against Catholics. But in connection with
our present subject we must notice some clauses in these Acts
which affected the right of teaching. In the Act of Uniformity
it was laid down ‘that every Dean, Canon, Prebendary; all

 

(*) Neal, ib., 271.
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 43

Masters, Heads, Fellows, Chaplains, and Tutors in any College,
Hall, House of Learning, or Hospital; all public Professors,
Readers in either University, and in every College and elsewhere;
and all Parsons, Vicars, Curates, Lecturers; and every Schoolmaster
keeping any public or private school; and every person instructing
youth in any private family’ shall subscribe a declaration,
including, among other things, a promise to ‘conform to the
Liturgy of the Church of England, as it is now by law established.’
Schoolmasters and tutors were subject to three months’ imprison-
ment for the first offence, and for every subsequent offence three
months’ imprisonment and the forfeiture of five pounds to his
Majesty (1). The Five-Mile Act further imposed an oath, that it
was not lawful upon any pretence whatever to take arms against
the. King, and that such as should refuse the oath should be
incapable of teaching any public or private schools, or of taking
any boarders to be taught or instructed, under pain of forty pounds,
one-third to the King, another third to the poor, and a third to
him who should sue for it (?). Notwithstanding these violent
enactments, and the encouragement given to informers, it appeared
in the time of Queen Anne that various schools and seminaries
had been set up in contravention of the law, and consequently an
Act was passed ‘to prevent the growth of schism,’ which was in
its substance an enforcement of that part of the Act of Uniformity
which related to tutors and schoolmasters (*). The Queen died.
on the very day that this Act was to come into force, and owing
to the change of Government it was practically a dead letter, and
was repealed under George I.

The object of all these enactments was clearly to bring about
the destruction of dissent. Nonconformity, whether Papal or
Puritan, was looked upon as a temporary disease; and if it could
no longer be cauterised by the stake, it was thought that it might

 

(7) Quoted in Neal IV., p. 360 sq. (?) Quoted in Neal, ib., 400 sq.

(8) In the Commons this Bill was carried by a great majority, and such was the
imagined public danger that it was read three times in one day. In the Lords it
finally obtained only a majority of five. [Stoughton, History of Religion in
England, V. 369, sq. Skeats, History of the Free Churches of England, with
continuation by Miall, p. 218].
44 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

at least be starved out of existence. If it could never be spread by
the contagion of preaching ; above all, if the entire education of the
country could be placed in the hands of the dominant church, the
mischief would die away in a generation. Once more let us try to
see things justly. We are so accustomed to a mottled Christendom
that we take it as a matter of course, and only occasionally sigh for
that large communion of saints which will not be ours on this
side of the grave. But at the time of which I am speaking the
cherished unity was slowly dissolving, and it did not seem beyond
reasonable hope to preserve it, at least in part. The Church of
England had ceased to hold communion with the Church of Rome.
Western Christendom had parted into fragments, even as the
Roman Empire had broken up into separate nations: but England
was one State; why should it not be one Church? If this was
ever possible, the opportunity was lost through unwise and violent
counsels. Comprehension can be based only on a large and
spiritual view of fundamentals; and where the central affection
is weak, and the principal stress is laid on intellectual and
ceremonial accessories, division becomes inevitable. Violent
measures, which forgot the Christian way of sympathy and love,
instead of destroying dissent established it, and made it a great
and permanent factor in our English life. The Act of Uniformity
contemplated no such result; but in treating with scorn those
‘tender consciences ’ which had ‘ scruples’ about matters, some of
which must appear to us very trifling, it roused the martyr-spirit,
that determination to be true to duty at all costs which has
enabled Englishmen to triumph over so many difficulties and
dangers. The Act of Toleration became a political necessity ; and
thus the division of religious interests was recognised by law, and
the dream of national unity, under the egis of a single church,
passed away for centuries.

What, however, could not be effected within the wider area of
the nation was possible in the narrower limits of the Universities.
As early as 1581 the Convocation of the University of Oxford, at
the instigation of the Earl of Leicester, who was then Chancellor,
passed a decree imposing the test of subscription to the Thirty-
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 45

nine Articles and the Royal Supremacy on every student above
the age of sixteen on his matriculation (1), This, in combination
with the later Acts of Parliament to which we have already alluded,
effectually closed the doors of the University against Catholics and
Protestant Dissenters, and handed over an ancient national insti-
tution to what ultimately proved to be only one party in the State.
Throughout the seventeenth century, except during the short-lived
dominance of the Puritans, the University was a rallying point
for Church and King, and defended principles which, if successful,
would have delivered England, bound hand and foot, to an uncon-
trolled despotism. In 1622, and again in 1683, it proclaimed the
doctrine of passive obedience. At the earlier date it decreed that
‘all persons promoted to degrees were to subscribe this article,
and to take an oath that they not only at present detested the
opposite opinion, but would at no future time entertain it. A
ludicrous display,’ adds Hallam, ‘of the folly and despotic spirit
of learned academies’(?). On the latter occasion it condemned
twenty-seven propositions, culled from ‘certain pernicious books,’
as ‘impious, seditious, scandalous, damnable, heretical, blasphe-
mous, and infamous to the Christian religion’(?). Doctrines of
this sort, however, are meant rather to throw discredit upon others
than to be observed by oneself; and the Fellows of Magdalen
College made a noble stand for their own liberties against the
usurpation of James II. The Revolution was accepted as the
only means of preventing the country from relapsing into
Romanism; but the services of the Nonconformists in this crisis
of the nation’s fortunes awakened no gratitude at Oxford. The
University was opposed to any scheme of comprehension; it
would not admit the Dissenters, and, if it could, would have
destroyed their academies; and it received, with plaudits, such a
vulgar and abusive bigot as Dr. Sacheverell. It will hardly be
doubted at the present day that this narrow policy was disastrous

 

(*) History of the University of Oxford, by the Hon, G. C. Brodrick, D.C.L.,
Warden of Merton College, 2nd edition, p. 92 sq.
(?) Constitutional History, 8th edition, I., p. 416.
(8) Neal IV., p. 519.
46 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

to the University itself. It cut it off from the living stream of
national sentiment and movement; and a true reflex of the
manifold forms of English life and thought was no longer to
be found in its Colleges and Halls. It is an ill discipline that
shuts us up in our inherited prejudices, and severs us from living
contact with the great world that lies beyond our borders. One
of the highest privileges of a University is that you encounter,
on equal terms, men of every sort, and through the communion of
scholarship and the interchange of thought you acquire wider
sympathies and interests; you learn to detect the good in phases
of opinion and practice towards which you may have entertained
an unreasoning antipathy; party animosity disappears under the
genial influences of comradeship; and you are compelled to
construct your own belief and principles of action on the basis
of a larger experience and more impartial reasoning than would
otherwise be possible. It is, therefore, only what we should expect
if the University of Oxford reached its lowest place in the last
century, whether we regard it as a seat of learning or as a leader
of the national life.

To the Presbyterians the change was indeed momentous. They
were now outside of the National Church, instead of acting as a
reforming ‘party within it ; and they were undergoing purification
in the furnace of affliction. For the sake of comprehension they
would have been content with a modified episcopacy and some
relaxation of ceremonial requirements ; and now that they were a
separate body they gave up the rigidity of the Genevan system, and
almost all semblance of Presbyterian government among them
gradually died away. But, above all, they began to perceive that
a comprehensive church must limit the range of its fundamentals,
and not impose human statements of belief, however excellent in
themselves, as restraints upon conscientious enquiry. Accordingly,
while they still adhered personally to the Westminster Confession,
they dedicated their chapels simply to the worship of Almighty
God, and thus left the future open to the influence of enlarging
knowledge and growing insight into the divine purposes. They
carried this new principle of unfettered thought into their places
 

 

 

 

RICHARD FRANKLAND, M.A.
1630—1698.

 
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 47

of education ; for, in spite of the penal laws, places of education
sprang up in various parts of the country. Persecution, to be
successful, must be thorough; but, happily, there is too much
goodness in the human heart for even the most sordid bigotry or
the most violent party passion to destroy it, and kindly magistrates
and neighbours contrive not to see what they are unwilling to
punish. Hence it was possible for learned Nonconformists to
receive pupils and carry on, in an unobtrusive way, the traditions
of University education. To the Dissenters this was a question
of life and death. They could not hand over to their opponents
the education of their youth, and allow their sons to subscribe
their names to tests of which they disapproved; nor could they
permit them to grow up in ignorance, or suffer their cause to perish
for want of a learned ministry. The names of several private
academies have come down to us; but at present I can refer, and
that very briefly, only to the lineage of our own College (*).

In the year 1670, the year in which the Conventicle Act.
was extended and made more stringent, Richard Frankland, a
Presbyterian and Calvinist, opened an academy at Rathmell, his
birth-place, not far from Giggleswick, in Yorkshire. He was so
successful that he attracted the notice of the authorities, and was
obliged, for the sake of security, to remove from place to place.
It is said that ‘he was an eminent divine, and acute metaphysician :
a solid interpreter of Scripture; very sagacious in discovering
errors, and able in defending truth: witness his valuable piece in
print against Socinianism’(*). On his death he was succeeded
by John Chorlton in 1698. Chorlton had been a student under
Frankland, and then assistant of Henry Newcome, the first
minister of Cross Street Chapel, Manchester, who ‘ united with

 

(1) See this admirably traced by the Rev. A. Gordon, in a speech delivered on
the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of Manchester New College.

(*) Calamy’s Account of the Ministers . . . ejected after the Restoration,
2nd edition, 1718, II., page 287. A row of small houses is still pointed out at
Rathmell as the site of the Academy, and is known as College Row or College
Fold. A stone over a window at the back of the middle house bears the inscription
‘ edi 1686,’ The date, however, does not seem to fit the record of Frankland’s
life, for he left Rathmell in 1674, and though he returned to it I do not find that
he was there in 1686.
48 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

the character of the pastor that of the teacher of academical
literature’(1). He succeeded Newcome, on the death of the
latter, in 1695; and he and his colleague and successor, James
Coningham, maintained the academy in Manchester for several
years. It then migrated to Whitehaven, where it was conducted
by Thomas Dixon, a pupil of Chorlton’s. Dixon carried it with
him to Bolton, where he died in 1729. He combined the practice
of a physician with the duties of a pastor and teacher, and is
described on a mural tablet in Bank Street Chapel, Bolton, as
Medicorwm et Theologorum princeps(?). For a few years the
Northern Academy was suspended; but it was re-opened at
Kendal in 1733 by Caleb Rotherham, one of Dixon’s pupils. He
carried it on for nearly twenty years, and then this succession of
private academies came to an end.

Schools of learning thus maintained by private effort and
expenditure, and liable at any time to be suppressed, were placed
under a great disadvantage; and it is surprising how much they
accomplished, and what alarm they excited among their enemies.
In the year 1704 Samuel Wesley, who says all he can to injure
the character of the academies, declares that ‘on the whole, by a
modest computation, there must have been some THOUSANDS this
way educated, since the return of King Charles, besides those who
have been at foreign Universities, which have not been a few, and
their numbers are daily increasing’ (*). Wesley himself had been
educated at one of the more considerable of these academies, at
Newington Green, and he admits the presence of ‘a laboratory, and
some not inconsiderable rarities, with air-pumps, thermometers,
and all sorts of mathematical instruments ;’ and there was ‘a
distinction of the faculties’ to meet the wants of the ‘hundreds’
of students who had entered the ‘society’ (+). The average

 

(4) Toulmin, Historical View of the State of the Protestant Dissenters, p. 246.

Be The Rise and Progress of Nonconformity in Bolton, by Franklin Baker,
p. 106.

(8) A Defence of a Letter concerning the Education of Dissenters in their Private
Academies, p. 15.

(+) A Letter from a Country Divine to his Friend in London, concerning the
Education of the Dissenters, 1703 (but written about ten years earlier), p. 7.
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 49

period of academical education for the ministry was five years (1);
and the curriculum included logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural
philosophy, and the classics, as well as divinity (7). Samuel
Palmer draws a pleasing picture of the candour and generosity of
his tutor, who ‘ never offered to impose upon the judgment of his
pupil’(?). But heresy was still an unsuspected danger. The
academies were able to boast of an unblemished orthodoxy, and it
was asserted that amid ‘the troops of Unitarian and Socinian
writers’ not one Dissenter was found (*).

Thus far the academies had not aspired to occupy any per-
manent home. This fact was due, not only to the danger and
uncertainty of the times, but to the lingering hope that the
policy of exclusion, which had grown up amid strife and anger,
would yield to a tardy reconciliation under a settled and peaceful
government, and that terms of subscription would be so far
relaxed as to admit of a return to the Universities, and perhaps
even to the Church. Up to this date, however, in spite of the
friendly feelings of the Government, nothing had been obtained
except the repeal of the abortive Schism Act; and 1t became
apparent that the Dissenters must make provision for their own
permanence, and supply their own public needs, as though they
were a separate nation within the nation. They could not,
without the sanction of the State, found and endow a University,
open without religious tests to all comers, but they could and did
found, and support by subscriptions, an academy, furnished with
a complete tutorial staff, resting on broad grounds of public
policy, and offering to the nation that free access to the sources
of learning, and that unfettered exercise of conscientious thought,
which the Universities refused. This larger enterprise was pro-
jected by John Seddon, who, in 1747, became the minister of
the Presbyterian Congregation at Warrington. At Warrington,
accordingly, the new academy was opened in 1757, ‘to serve the

 

(1) See A Defence of the Dissenters’ Education in their Private Academies (by

S. Palmer), p. 21.
(*) Ib., p. 2 sqq. (3) Ib., p. 6.
(*) A Vindication of the Learning, &c., of the Dissenters, by S. Palmer, 1705, p. 95.
E
50 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

interests of literature in general, and to give ‘proper encourage-
ment... .to those students who are designed for the ministry.’
And observe, there was no retaliation, no thought of limiting the
institution to the dissenting interest: the students were to attend
worship ‘either at the Established Church or such separate
congregations as their parents and friends shall appoint. I know
not how many churcbmen studied at Warrington ; but that this
openness was sincerely meant is proved by the instance of
Archdeacon Blackburne, who placed his son there under the care
of Priestley(1). What must, I think, be considered for that
time a very comprehensive scheme was set on foot. Divinity,
Hebrew, classics, modern languages, polite literature, logic,
mathematics, natural history, and natural philosophy, were all
provided for, and taught by men believed to be competent in the
several departments. Considering the short period of its existence,
Warrington had a remarkable number of distinguished tutors,
men whose names are still honoured in Nonconformist circles, and
one or two with a much wider reputation. I may mention Dr.
John Taylor, the Hebraist, Dr. Aikin, Dr. Enfield, Dr. Forster,
George Walker, Gilbert Wakefield, and, above all, Dr. Priestley,
who seems to have been equally at home in almost every branch
of learning, but whose place in public estimation rests chiefly on
his scientific attainments. It was while he was at Warrington
that he wrote his ‘History of Electricity, and conducted the
experiments which procured him admission into the Royal Society;
and, as the teacher did not disdain to learn, it was a course of
lectures delivered in the academy at Warrington, by Dr. Turner,
of Liverpool, that directed his serious attention to the subject of
chemistry, and prepared the way for his remarkable discoveries (*).
One other name must be referred to. Though a lady could not
be a member of the teaching staff, we must notice that the
muse of Mrs. Barbauld was nurtured in the literary society of
Warrington, and several of her earliest poems were written in the
house of Dr. Priestley (*).

 

() Memoirs of the Rev. Dr. Jos. Priestley, London, 1809, p. 61.
(?) Memoirs, pp. 45, sqq., 56. (°) So he tells us in his Memoirs, p. 44.
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 51

As illustrating the principle of impartial devotion to truth
which guided the studies of these old academies, and which we
seek still to maintain, I cannot do better than quote the charge
which Dr. Taylor was in the habit of addressing to his pupils:—

I. ‘I do solemnly charge you, in the name of the God of Truth,
and of our Lord Jesus Christ, who is the Way, the
Truth, and the Life, and before whose judgment-seat you
must in no long time appear, that in all your studies
and enquiries of a religious nature, present or future,
you do constantly, carefully, impartially and con-
scientiously attend to evidence, as it lies in the Holy
Scriptures, or in the nature of things and the dictates
of reason; cautiously guarding against the sallies of
imagination and the fallacy of ill-grounded conjecture.

II. ‘That you admit, embrace or assent to no principle or
sentiment by me taught or advanced, but only so far as
it shall appear to you to be supported and justified by
proper evidence from Revelation or the reason of things.

III. ‘That if, at any time hereafter, any principle or sentiment
by me taught or advanced, or by you admitted and
embraced, shall, upon impartial and faithful examination,
appear to you to be dubious or false, you either suspect
or totally reject such principle or sentiment.

IV. ‘That you keep your mind always open to evidence;
that you labour to banish from your breast all prejudice,
prepossession, and party-zeal; that you study to live in
peace and love with all your fellow-Christians; and
that you steadily assert for yourself, and freely allow
to others, the inalienable rights of judgment and
conscience’ (1).

 

(2) Quoted in the Christian Reformer, 1847, p. 722. Quoted also, with full
approval, by the Rev. R. Wallace, Professor of Critical and Exegetical Theology
at Manchester New College, in an Address delivered at the opening of the Session
of 1840. I may also refer to a most interesting ‘ Historical Sketch of Warrington
Academy,’ by Henry A. Bright, B.A., Liverpool, 1859, printed from the transac-
tions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, vol. XI., where an
account will be found of the sources used in the preparation of the Sketch.
52 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

When this charge was written, the gradual change in Theology,
which has been such a marked feature in the history of our
academies, was already in progress. That learned and candid
theologian, whom Archbishop Secker addressed as ‘good Dr.
Lardner’ (1), had already published his letter on the Logos, which
he had written many years before, and through his own
independent enquiries had reached a Unitarian conclusion (*).
But at Warrington all the tutors were still Arians. Dr. Priestley
says, ‘The only Socinian in the neighbourhood was Mr. Seddon, of
Manchester; and we all wondered at him. But then,’ he adds, ‘ we
never entered into any particular examination of the subject ’(*).

Owing to internal difficulties, the Warrington Academy
practically came to an end in 1783, though it was not formally
closed till its successor in Manchester was ready to take its place.
In 1786 the present College, under the name of the Manchester
Academy, entered on its work; but this work, as we have seen,
was only a fresh organising and strengthening of that which had
already been carried on for more than a century. Owing to the
changes which time has brought about, it is necessary to emphasize
the fact that it was designed to be, and for considerably more than
half a century actually was, a general school of higher education,
and was by no means restricted to the requirements of a single
profession. Its speciality was, indeed, divinity; but while it
afforded ‘a full and systematic course of education for divines,’ it
provided ‘preparatory instructions for the other learned professions,
as well as for civil and commercial life.’ The reason for this
difference in the proportionate treatment of its subjects is very
clear. Students of law and medicine, after going through what
I may call their Arts course, could pursue their special studies
elsewhere; but the student of divinity was excluded by tests
from the national seats of learning, and could find a legitimate
satisfaction for his wants only among his own friends. Every
requirement could not be met at once, and the tutorial staff was

 

(1") See the touching lett in Kippis’ Li
clea oak ee etter quoted in Kippis’ Life of Lardner, prefixed to the

(?) See Kippis, p. xxxii. (8) Memoirs, p. 48.
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 58

necessarily very small; but it was hoped that further opportunities
of study might be found in connection with the Literary and
Philosophical Society, and with the College of Arts and Sciences,
which had been founded a few years previously (1). Nevertheless,
during the seventeen years in which the Academy was located in
Manchester, provision was made not only for Hebrew, metaphysics,
ethics, and theology, but also for the Greek and Latin languages
and polite literature, and for mathematics and natural philosophy,
the last subjects being undertaken by the distinguished John
Dalton, whose original researches mark an epoch in the science of
chemistry.

We must further observe that at Manchester, as at Warrington,
the Academy was open to students of ‘every religious denomination,
from whom no test or confession of faith’ was required. Thus it
was intended to be a public institution, founded on those principles
of comprehension (may I not say of national freedom and justice ?)
which, eighty-five years afterwards, were tardily conferred by Act
of Parliament on the Colleges of Oxford and Cambridge. But
great principles are slow of public recognition; and in a country
where middle walls of partition, designed to keep out barbarians
and Scythians, were so generally erected, the band of men who
refused to limit the revelations of God by definitions of their
own, or to judge the conscientious convictions of their brothers,
necessarily remained small and isolated, and it has been the doom
of those who longed for the widest communion with all Christ-like
souls, to bear the reproach of their Master, and be driven into
spiritual separation. Thus it is that that which was so large and
generous in its conception, has been realised on a comparatively
insignificant scale, and that which aimed at a public good and
opened its doors to all the world, asking only for high character
and earnest study, has been looked upon as something narrow and
sectarian. Yet it is refreshing to see great principles illustrated
even on a limited field, and we observe with interest that of the
eight students who entered Manchester Academy in its first
session, three were studying medicine, one was following law, two

 

(+) See the original Resolution quoted in the Christian Reformer, 1853, p. 58.
54 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

were intended for commerce, and two had chosen divinity, one
preparing for Holy Orders in the Church of England, one for a
ministry among Dissenters.

In 1803 the Academy was removed to York, to be placed under
the guidance of the Rev. Charles Wellbeloved. It now bore the
title of College, and had, it would seem, already acquired the name
by which it is best known, Manchester New College, although the
‘New’ seems not to have been regularly used at York(*). In
1840 it was re-established in Manchester ; and, provided with a
staff of eight professors, and a lecturer on the French language
and literature, it was affiliated to the University of London, which
had received a charter about four years previously. In the Report
of that year the Committee refer to the College as one ‘ through
every department of which the principle of free speech and
unrestrained instruction is carried ; and which is so constituted
as to be the symbol, not of their mere theological system, but of
their reverence for the generous and fearless pursuit of every
department of human learning, science, and philosophy.’

In 1851 Owens College was opened upon the same unsectarian
basis that Manchester New College had always maintained; and
owing, in part, to the munificence of its endowment, and probably
in part to the absence of a theological faculty (which may have
made it easier for a sectarian public to understand its unsectarian
position), it got a start of the older institution, and soon gave
promise of a larger development than the latter, with its limited
means, could ever hope to secure. Accordingly, it became a
question whether the literary and scientific department of our
College should not be discontinued, and its students sent for that

 

(1) Mr, J. J. Tayler, in writing from it, heads his letters ‘Manchester New
College,’ from 1816 to 1819. See Letters edited by J. H. Thom, I., pp. 8, 25, 27, 80,
33. My attention has been called to this bya letter from G. V. S., himself a York
student, in the Inquirer of July 8, 1893. Subsequent letters by other writers give
some further evidence. In the Reports of the College at York, as far as I have
seen them, down to 1839, it is called ‘Manchester College, York.’ On the title
page of the Report for 1840, when the College was about to be removed to
Manchester, it is named ‘ Manchester New College, York.” In the course of the
Report it is stated that the Royal Warrant had been received, granting the College
a connection with the University of London, and that the ‘title under which the
College is recognised, and by which it will hereafter be designated, is ‘ Manchester
New College ;’ and a note adds, ‘this is the designation- which the founders
attached to the Academy, and by which it was known before its removal to York.’
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 55

portion of their education to some college furnished with ampler
resources. Thus not only would an expense disproportionate to
its results be saved, but the students would be brought into wider
associations, and feel the stimulus of a healthy competition. Was
the preference to be given to Owens College or to University
College, London? The claims of the former were earnestly
pressed; but it was pointed out that the young laymen of
dissenting families were going to London, and that there the
College which their fathers supported ought to be placed.
Accordingly, in 1853, Manchester New College took up its
abode in University Hall, London, and handed over its Under-
graduate course mainly, though not wholly, to University
College (+).

We must now pause in our narrative to notice a momentous
change in public opinion. The Dissenters never ceased to feel
the injustice of their exclusion from the Universities. The
following passage from a letter addressed by Dr. Priestley to
William Pitt, in 1787, admirably expresses their sentiments :—
‘Another circumstance relating to the establishment of this
country calls loudly for redress. It is utterly incapable of
defence, and yet will probably be retained as long as possible,
in consequence of its being necessary to keep things as they
are. I mean the subscription to the thirty-nine articles of the
church of England, at the time of matriculation in Oxford, and
on taking the degree of Master of Arts at Cambridge
This is an absurdity peculiar to this country. In all others the
universities are open to all the world, while yours are shut to all
except yourselves, As if it were from a dread of free enquiry,
you take care to fetter the mind at the very time when you ought
most of all to favour its expansion, and to remove every obstruction
to the attainment of truth’(?). It is difficult for us to realise
that it is hardly more than a century since the arguments of
Priestley in support of public liberty and justice were answered

 

(*) See a full Report of the Meeting of Trustees, which decided on the removal
to London, in the Christian Reformer, 1853, pp. 51 sqq.

(?) Second edition, p. 36 sq.
56 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

by the burning of his house, and the destruction of his library
and scientific apparatus (1), and that this man of high intelligence,
of noble simplicity of character, and of unaffected piety, was
hunted, like a plague-stricken brute, from his country, to find a
more congenial home amid the young liberties of the United
States. But the labours and sufferings of God’s witnesses are not
in vain. The years, as they have passed, have brought a blessed
change, and the hideous travesty of Christianity which blackened
the dark ages, though not yet dead, has been shorn of its malignant
power, and the tender charity of Christ is stealing into men’s
hearts, and whispering there a holier gospel than the soul of
bigotry has ever dreamed of. One after another oppressive laws
have been repealed ; and the Universities have had their full share
in the larger spirit of our time. In 1854 there was some relaxa-
tion in the requirements of subscription. A few years later
numerously-signed petitions were sent to Parliament by both
Oxford and Cambridge, praying for the removal of religious tests ;
and in 1871 this great act of justice was accomplished. It is
satisfactory to reflect that one of the supporters and vice-presidents
of our own College, Mr. James Heywood, bore a prominent part
in urging this great measure upon the House of Commons.

Even before the passing of the University Tests Act, some of the
more sanguine spirits among us were looking forward to the removal
of our College to Oxford. Gradually the class of Nonconformist
laymen who used to go up to London to study at University
College, turned their faces towards the more ancient seats of
learning; and the same reasons which had prevailed on the
Trustees to sanction the removal to London seemed to point to a
new and final removal to Oxford. Naturally, there were different
opinions as to the propriety of this step; but it would be out of
place at present to enumerate or to criticise them. The ultimate
decision was reached early in 1889, and in the autumn of that
year we found a temporary abode in the rooms which had been
just vacated by Mansfield College. We have come hither only as
a theological faculty. As in London, so here, we have no

 

(*) July 14, 1791.
THE PRINCIPAL'S ADDRESS. 57

necessity to make separate provision for the education of laymen,
and we desire to bring our divinity students into invigorating
contact with a larger world, and afford them the advantage of
graduating in connection with one of those venerable Colleges
from which their ancestors went forth to study in seclusion, but in
mental freedom, and, if occasionally in narrow grooves of thought,
yet with a more austere sense of duty, and a more courageous
public spirit. But if we return as theologians, it is with no
abatement of our old remonstrance against the imposition of
tests. In the exercise of our freedom we have come individually
to hold certain convictions, which are very dear to our hearts, and
which we lay frankly before our students as occasion may require ;
but we are here not to inculcate this Theology or that, but to
explore the open field of divine truth, so far as God may grant us
power, and to teach all whom we can influence to prize truth
above all worldly or party gains, and to weigh every conclusion
in the even scales of a just and sober and prayerful judgment.
But why, then, have we reared a permanent home dedicated
‘to Truth, to Liberty, to Religion ;‘ for may we not at last lose
our separate existence in the completeness of victory, and melt
away into the general body of an emancipated nation? Only one
faculty in the University is still bound by tests; and if the time
should come when the Professors of Theology are chosen, without
regard to their ecclesiastical connection, simply on account of the
extent and solidity of their learning, the soundness and impar-
tiality of their judgment, and the spirituality of their character,
our distinction will indeed be gone, and we shall offer up
hallelujahs to the Lord of all for this breaking down of ancient
walls of enmity and separation. But even then we shall not
be without a function to fulfil. As the ancient Colleges prepare
men for their degrees in Arts, so we could offer tutorial help
in the preparation for degrees in Divinity. Moreover, we could
provide the student for the ministry with that special training
which a distinct profession requires. And, further, we can hardly
anticipate the time when there will be no divergent schools of
Theology ; for though I am profoundly convinced that perfect
58 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

freedom of thought and study will bring about far greater unity
of belief than decisions of Councils and Acts of Uniformity have
ever done, still the tendencies of the human mind are so various,
and the objects of religious contemplation exhibit so many aspects,
and extend so far beyond the range of our faculties, that there
must always be different tones of theological thought, and the vivid
play of faith will never stagnate into the deadness of a fixed and
mechanical knowledge. But the future must reveal its own
secrets. Meanwhile we are here, restored by the providence
of God to the inspiring associations of a noble inheritance, to
bear a very humble, but, I trust, a faithful part, in shaping
the young life of this great nation. We stand, I suppose in
common with all colleges, for purity of character, for a manly
sense of duty, for plain living and high thinking; but we stand
also for freedom of conscience and of intellect, outward freedom
from all human fetters, inward freedom wrought in the soul by
the Spirit of God; for spirituality of worship, and closeness of
communion between the Father and his child; for Christian
fellowship unlimited by uniformity in ritual or belief. But to
the lofty ideal of the Puritan we would add the grace and play-
fulness, the sweetness and tenderness, the richness and beauty of
a wider humanity. And so we pass beyond our Puritan
forefathers to a Son of Man to whom the whole Christian Church
looks up, and in the divine completeness of whose manhood we
rise to be sons of God.

Se
THE LUNCHEON.

The President, Henry R. Grea, Esq., entertained, at
the Randolph Hotel, a distinguished company of upwards
of two hundred guests. After luncheon, a large number
of ladies were admitted to the gallery. The toast-list
was as follows :—

‘THE QUEEN’: proposed by the PRESIDENT.

‘Tue UNIVERSITY OF OxFoRD’: proposed by the PRESIDENT.

The Warden of Merton (the Hon. Gzorez C. Bropricx, D.C.L.),
responded.

‘PROSPERITY TO MANCHESTER COLLEGE’: proposed by Sir WILLIAM MARKBY,
D.C.L.; K.C.1.E.; Fellow of Balliol, and of All Souls: Reader in
Indian Law.

The Rev. Principal Drummonp, M.A., LL.D., D.Litt., and the
Rev. James Martinzav, D.D., LL.D., D.C.L., D.Litt., responded.

‘Our GuEsts’: proposed by the Rev. J. Epwin Operrs, M.A.

The Rev. CHARLES C. EVERETT, D.D., Bussey Professor of Theology,
and Dean of the Divinity Faculty, Harvard University, U.S.A. ; and
A. V. Dicry, Esq., Q.C., M.A., B.C.L., LL.D., Fellow of Balliol, and
of All Souls, Vinerian Professor of English Law, responded.

‘Our Hosts’: proposed by Rev. G. Vance Smiru, D.D., Ph.D.
The Hon. and Rev. W. H. Fremantur, Fellow of Balliol, and
Canon of Canterbury, responded.

‘THE ARCHITECTS’: proposed by J. Howarp Brooks, Esq., B.A.
Tomas WortuHIneTon, Esq., F.R.1.B.A., responded.

‘Tue HEALTH OF THE PRESIDENT’: proposed by Rev. R. A. ARMSTRONG, B.A.
The PRESIDENT responded.

‘THE QUEEN.’
The PRESIDENT,—
GENTLEMEN,—My first duty is to ask you to drink ‘The
Health of the Queen.’ J am sure we shall be all agreed that the
Queen, by her native goodness of character, bright example, and
60 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

admirable fultilment of all the difficult duties and requirements
of her high position, for a period of over fifty years, has not only
deservedly earned our loyalty and respect, but our gratitude and
affection as well. But for those who are Dissenters there is
another cause for loyalty; for in her reign they have seen many
of the religious grievances and disabilities they laboured under
removed; and foremost, perhaps, among the privileges they have
obtained, and the one which concerns us most at the present
moment, may surely be reckoned the opening to them of the
older Universities—a step, we believe, that has proved an advantage
to all concerned; and one which alone has rendered practicable
the establishment of such a College as ours here to-day. And in
connection with the abolition of University Tests, we ought
gratefully to remember, I think, the active and persevering part
taken in Parliament by one of our former Presidents, Mr. James
Heywood, on the general question of University Reform; and I
believe my friend on the left, the Warden of Merton, also had a
very large share in preparing the way for and carrying out the
Act in the Universities themselves. Gentlemen, I give you
‘The Queen.’

“THe UNIVERSITY OF OXxForD.’

The PREsIDENT,—

GENTLEMEN,—The next toast I have the honour to propose is
that of ‘The University of Oxford.’ I confess I feel a little
diffident in proposing the toast of so ancient and illustrious a body
as the University of Oxford, on behalf of a College which, though
possessing an old and notable history of its own, yet only arrived,
as it were, yesterday, and, technically speaking, is not even entitled
here to the name of College, except by courtesy. But I am
encouraged in doing so, however, by the kind reception we have
met with in various quarters since we came, and by the friendly
presence here to-day of so many distinguished members of the
University ; which we would fain interpret as a sign of sympathy
with our earnest endeavours, along with many others, in the free
but reverent search after light and truth. Nor should I have
THE LUNCHEON. 61

liked to miss such an opportunity as this affords for acknowledging
the pride and pleasure we felt at the honour that was conferred
by the University, not long ago, on our revered and venerable
friend, Dr. Martineau; in turn Student, Principal, and President
of our College, and whom we all so rejoice in having with us on
this memorable occasion, and at his having been able to take part
in our opening services. And further, shall we be wrong in
thinking we see some point of common interest in the friendly
relations which exist between each of us and the Hibbert Trust ?
For on the one hand, the Hibbert Trust numbers among other
eminent contributors to its valuable series of lectures, such distin-
guished Oxford names as those of Professor Max Miller, Professor
Rhys, Professor Sayce, the late lamented Dr. Hatch, and Mr.
Montefiore; while on the other hand, and with similar ends in
view, the same Trust has just been adding one more to the
numerous obligations that our College is already under to it, by
the appointment on its staff of the Rev. Edwin Odgers as Hibbert
Lecturer on Ecclesiastical History. Thus, happily, though new
comers, we do not feel, in some respects, altogether strangers ;
and may be excused, perhaps, if we seem to discern a fore-
shadowing of mutual ties and interests between ourselves and the
University, which we fondly hope are destined gradually to
strengthen and increase. For the present, however, the advantage
must be all upon one side. We only know what we have to gain
from Oxford,—Oxford with its atmosphere of high scholarship ;
the centre of our young national life; the centre, also, whence so
many religious movements have emanated, and where all may
hope to obtain a fair hearing. But for ourselves, what have we
as yet to promise her? We can only earnestly trust that, at some
future time, we may be found to have given back some little in
return. Be that as it may; at any rate now that we have estab-
lished ourselves finally at Oxford, we cannot but feel how largely
our future welfare and progress are bound up in that of the great
community we have placed ourselves in such close contact with ;
and feeling this, perceive also that this is no ere complimentary
toast, but one that has a real significance. But, Gentlemen, before
62 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

giving it, it would be impossible for anyone speaking of the
University, at such a time as this, not to refer to the cloud that
has been cast over everyone by the recent death of the late Master
of Balliol, Professor Jowett; the shadow of which falls the deeper
on all here because, had his life been spared, he would have been
with us to-day, and taking a prominent part in our proceedings.
His death is truly a common loss and common sorrow. . Of what
it means to Oxford, I do not presume to speak ; but for our College,
we saw in him a brilliant scholar, a learned, bold, and liberal
theologian, an earnest and independent thinker, and a sincere
friend. It was he who welcomed and encouraged us by his
presence when, four years ago, we first came to Oxford; and now,
at the formal installation of the College, he had most kindly con-
sented to propose ‘ Prosperity’ to our undertaking. These acts of
friendliness we shall ever remember; and with our sorrow at this
sad event will always be associated grateful recollections of his
kind support. Nor, at the same time, shall we forget the kindness
of those members of the University who are with us to-day; and
we desire to assure them that we warmly appreciate it, and
heartily thank them for their presence. I give ‘The University of
Oxford, and couple with it the name of the Honourable the
Warden of Merton.

The Warpen or MEerton,—

Mr. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN,—In thanking you heartily,
as I do, on the part of the University, for the more than cordial
way in which this toast has been proposed and received, I must
say that I feel it a great responsibility as well as a great honour
to respond, on such an occasion, for such a body as the University
of Oxford. If I have any claim to fill this position, I think it
must chiefly arise from the fact that Merton College, itself
the earliest of all English Colleges, and the model of all the
rest, happened to be owner of the land now occupied by the
buildings of Manchester College—the newest Collegiate founda-
tion in Oxford—not that I am going to claim any credit on
this account, for we received, and were bound to receive, the
THE LUNCHEON. 63

full market value of the site. But perhaps I may also owe
this honour to the fact that I have been a humble student of
University history. Or, perhaps, some kind friend has remembered
that I was among the earliest promoters of the movement which
brought about the abolition of University Tests, and stood side by
side with Mr. Charles Beard,—whose memory is dear to many
here present,—in supporting that cause on the platform of the
Free Trade Hall at Manchester.*

Now, looking at Oxford from an historical point of view, I am
gratified to find that I am quite in accord with my friend, your
President, on one important point. For, while he describes the
object of Manchester College as a scientific and fearless search after
Truth in Theology, and while he asks for it, as he well may, a kindly
and sympathetic reception from the University, he does not claim
for it that it represents a new departure in University Education.
I think we Protestants are far too apt to underrate the latitude of
theological speculation practically allowed under the vast shadow
of the medieval Church—not, indeed, to all its members, but to
an inner circle of enquirers and teachers under the inspiration of
the great Schoolmen. I do not pretend to be well versed in
Scholastic Philosophy, but I do know something of its range, and
when I enter the Merton College Library, supposed to be haunted
by the spectre of Duns Scotus, I often think, and think with
admiration, of those audacious spirits, wholly ignorant of natural
science, to whom alchemy was chemistry and astronomy but the
key to astrology, yet who dared to explore the subtlest problems
of Theology, striving to penetrate the dark counsels of Providence,
and the secrets of human destiny, with a persistence and a hope-
fulness to which there are few parallels in the history of thought.
Nor is it true to imagine that, in those days, the University of
Oxford was under the despotic sway of the Church. On the
contrary, it maintained throughout an attitude of proud independ-
ence towards ecclesiastical superiors, and that august power,
before which princes and nobles were often forced to bow, treated
Oxford University not as a dutiful handmaid, but rather as a
valuable ally.

* See Appendia B.
64 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

I fear we must admit that the subjection of the University to
the Church, and the restriction of theological research within
comparatively narrow limits, dates chiefly from the Reformation.
Henry VIII. and his successors clearly saw the importance of
securing the adhesion of so formidable a body on the side of their
own Church-policy, and the result was that all independence and
freedom of theological enquiry was effectually crushed out. The
final stroke, it is true, was dealt by Laud; but in this respect
Laud was only the successor of Leicester, Queen Elizabeth’s
favourite, who, as Chancellor, required every student above sixteen
years of age to subscribe the Thirty-nine Articles on his matricu-
lation. The system thus established lasted to our own time.
Perhaps if it had been abolished a century earlier, Manchester
College would never have been founded; at all events, long before
it was abolished, the Academical mind had rebelled against it,
and I need hardly say that at the present moment, though our
Faculty of Theology is still Anglican, there is as much freedom
of theological opinion among Anglican Professors of Divinity in
both our Universities as there could well be in any Nonconformist
communion. This may be right or it may be wrong, but it is
really no innovation; it is a revival under modern conditions of
Scholastic Theology in the Middle Ages.

And therefore I feel justified in regarding and welcoming the
migration of Manchester College to Oxford, not as importing a
new and foreign element into our University life, but asa sign
that earnest and learned men outside the pale of the National
Church are anxious to share in the higher culture and the con-
genial atmosphere which a great intellectual centre provides, and,
at the same time, to co-operate with us, as fellow-workers, in
clearing up questions which must ever profoundly interest not
only every Christian, but every man who takes a serious view of
life and of death.

Let me guard myself on one other point. I believe that some
of the ignorant public—and nothing is so ignorant as the public—
fancy that Manchester College is a new College for undergraduates,
on the same footing as my own, except that its students are
THE LUNCHEON. 65

encouraged to dabble in theological speculation from an Unitarian
point of view. Of course, we all know how false this impression
is—false in more senses than one: still I should like to say
emphatically that it is just because Manchester is not a sectarian
College, and because it is chiefly, if not exclusively, a place of
post-graduate study, that it commands my respect and sympathy.
I do not presume to speak as a theologian, but I am one of those
who hold that, while the spirit of religion cannot be too widely
diffused among undergraduntes, it would be mischievous in the
highest degree to propagate indiscriminately the spirit of theo-
logical speculation among young and immature minds. Of course,
I must not say a word against our University School of Theology ;
but, in my opinion, if the course of reading for all our Honour
Schools has a fault, it is that it is already too speculative. I am
by no means sure that all this philosophical speculation is good
for many of our class-men; but I am quite sure that, if the mass
of our pass-men, instead of learning to practise the lessons
of religion, should launch out into Biblical criticism and the
‘science of Theology,’ we should have reason to tremble for the
consequences,

Perhaps in one respect Manchester College, standing in
close proximity to the University, yet remaining independent
of it, may be thought to enjoy an enviable position, since it is not
likely to come within the scope of the next University Commission.
For, whatever we may hope, no wise man will venture to forecast
the place which the University itself may occupy in the future
history of England. True, it has survived three civil wars, the
dissolution of monasteries, the shock of the Reformation, and the
levelling reign of Puritanism; but this is no proof that it will be
spared by the utilitarian spirit of modern Democracy. It may be
that its endowments will excite the cupidity, and that its privileges
will excite the jealousy, of classes disposed to believe that man does
indeed live by bread alone, and that inequalities of culture are as
odious as inequalities of fortune. It may be, on the other hand,
that it will be wisely preserved, with the sister University of
Cambridge, as a regulating force of higher value than ever, in a

F
66 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

new system of National Education, the healthiest school of
social brotherhood and the purest fountain of intellectual honour.
What is certain is, that neither the State nor the Church, nor
any other power in the realm, is capable of supplying its place;
and that, whatever reforms be necessary, it should be the
object of true statesmanship to maintain and to cherish an
institution which, for seven centuries, has been part and parcel
of the national life.

‘PrRospERITY TO MANCHESTER COLLEGE.’

Sir WitL14aM Marxsy,—

Mr. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN,—The toast which it is my
duty to propose to you is what I think we shall all feel to be the
toast of this occasion. I cannot help speaking under the impres-
sion that you must all have a feeling of disappointment in seeing
that toast put into my inadequate hands. But I will do my best.
It is an old and I think a laudable custom to accompany the
graver proceedings of an occasion like this with some festivities,
and, like all good customs, this one has a meaning—and the
meaning I would attribute to it is this, that the Professors and
Students of Manchester College hope to join us not only in our
studies and in our graver pursuits, but also in our social life, and
to take part in our pastimes and amusements, and I am glad to
have this opportunity of saying that that feeling we entirely
reciprocate. We hope, in short, to see Manchester College amongst
us as an integral part of our Oxford life. Gentlemen, there are
many remarkable things connected with this gathering, but one,
perhaps, of the most remarkable—certainly one which has struck
me most, and I think may have struck you—is that when looking
over the list of those who have taken part, or wished to take part,
in the proceedings of yesterday and to-day, we find the names of
so many conspicuous members of this University. I find in that
list the names of Heads of Colleges, of Professors and of Divines,
and of many others of great distinction, but who happen to hold
no official rank. I am afraid we must admit that it was not
always so. I happened the other day to see—I think it was in a
THE LUNCHEON. 67

newspaper—an account of the visit of a distinguished American—
some years ago, no doubt, but not so many years ago—to this
University, aud the author of that account alluded to the coldness,
almost hostility, that was shown to him because he was suspected
of holding Unitarian principles. We rejoice to see that is not so
now; and I think I may take it as a proof that the labours of
Manchester College during the last hundred years have contributed
not a little to that result. But, Gentlemen, speaking here, occu-
pying the position that I do, it is impossible for me not to have
uppermost in my mind the absence from that list of one who you
know should have performed the duty that has devolved upon me.
I know well—and many of you know well—how deeply interested
he was in this College, and how joyfully he would have been here
to-day. It is an occasion which would, if I may so say, exactly
have suited him. He would have delighted in the happiness and
good fellowship which he saw around him, backed as he knew it
to be by sentiments of liberality and good feeling, He was, it is
true, as he said himself in the letter read to you yesterday, not a
great orator, but no one had more power, in a few words of wit
and wisdom, of filling the hearts of his hearers. And, Gentlemen,
you must excuse me if I do not attempt to do what he would
have done so well. I must ask you all to allow me to do no more
than express to you the wishes which I feel sure are in the hearts
of all of us,—our wish is, that Manchester College should, as your
President said yesterday, find a lasting home in Oxford, and that
your life here may be a long and happy one. We wish that
Manchester College should persevere in the task long ago begun,
destined never to be accomplished but always richly rewarded,—
the search after- truth. We wish that she may always, in the
future as heretofore, be the champion of liberty; and, lastly, we
wish that she may deepen in our hearts, and the hearts of those
that come after us, a sense of true religion. Gentlemen, I give
you ‘Prosperity to Manchester College.’
68 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

The Rev. Principal Drummonp,—

Mr. PRESIDENT, SIR WILLIAM MarkKpy, AND GENTLEMEN,—It
devolves on me, as Principal of Manchester College, to respond to
the toast which has been so kindly and generously proposed, and
which, by the old supporters of the College, and also by many
friends present from the University, has been so very cordially
received. I have already had more than my share of speech
to-day, and therefore I must be very brief on the present occasion ;
but I cannot help saying, in a few words, how deeply gratifying
it must be to all our hearts that we have received such a welcome
as we could hardly have dared to hope for from so many members
of this ancient University. In our long exile we had never relin-
quished our desire to return, so soon as conditions were presented
to us which our consciences would permit us to accept; and at
last those conditions have been freely offered. They have been
sought and worked for by members of the University itself, and
we have returned, burying all old alienations, and entering on a
new era of friendship and union. I think we may say to-day that
‘old things have passed away;’ not the old fundamental truths
whereby men live from age to age, but old misunderstandings, old
separations of brother from brother, while at heart all were looking
towards the same end and striving for the same grand ideal. We
enter, indeed, not upon a union of organisation, but a union of spirit ;
for we each, in our various lines of tendency and conviction, require
our own methods in order to work out our own appointed destiny.
But our distinct methods and organisation must no longer be
allowed to estrange us. We come together animated by one spirit,
and bound in that unity of common citizenship, of common
humanity, and common learning, which belongs to us as men, and
as members of this great nation; and I think I may venture to
add that we share in the common pursuit of great ideal aims, and
in the common possession of the same Christian character and
spirit. It is the superficiality—the necessary superficiality—of
our intellect and knowledge that divides us. It is the abiding
depth of faith and love, which live immortal in the human soul,
that must keep us together as brethren; and we (I do trust and
THE LUNCHEON. 69

humbly believe) are prepared to do our part in bringing to its full
maturity this great enterprise. It has never been our desire to
stand apart. To us separation has been a source of deepest pain.
We felt that it narrowed our lives and stunted the aspirations of
our own spirits; and we have longed for a larger association and
wider sympathy, that we might severally enter into that full
catholicity of thought and life which the individual in his own
lonely cell can never find. And now a cordial welcome has been
held out to us in this University. We believe we are entering on
a new career; and, while I hope the old sense of duty, the old
determination to stand fast by what we believe, and to do what
we feel to be right, will still abide with us, on all sides there will
flow into our hearts a yet deeper feeling of the brotherhood of our
race, and of our union with men of every church and of every
form of serious conviction, who consecrate their lives to the search
for truth or to the faithful service of the truth which they believe
they have already found.

And now, if I may address myself, for a few moments more
especially to the members of the University, I wish to say that in
receiving you as our guests to-day we are in no wise assuming
that you have any particular sympathy with the views which we
may be supposed to entertain on theological subjects. We look
on your presence simply as that of men willing to hold out to us
brotherly hands of neighbourly good-will, and to cheer us in what
you believe to be our conscientious work, and sharing our hope
that old misunderstandings, old separations which are not founded
on what is permanent and vital, may pass away from amongst us.
And I should like to add another word. Some have been kept
away to-day who have given us their best and kindest wishes, but
who do not feel it consistent with loyalty to the position they
occupy to come and offer us publicly a welcome to this our new
home. For my own part—I think I may say for all of you
gentlemen—we fully understand aud appreciate this reluctance.
It gives us no mortification, no pain, unless, indeed, it be the pain
of not meeting friends whom we would so gladly receive. We
respect their loyalty to conscience, and honour their sense of
70 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

dutifulness to their own position. And therefore, while I thank
you who are here, I wish also to thank, in your name, the whole
University, those who are not here as well as those who have
favoured us with their presence.

You, Sir William Markby, have touched upon the sad theme
which has been alluded to more than once already. I must say
how deeply we feel that loss which weighs on you, and on Balliol
College. The name of the late revered Master was a familiar and
honoured name to me before I ever set eyes on Manchester
College. His Commentary on some of the Epistles of St. Paul
was amongst the earliest treasures placed on my then somewhat
scanty shelves; and from that time, though I have had but little
knowledge personally of your honoured friend, I have revered
him through his books; and I have esteemed him also, in the
brief acquaintance which circumstances allowed, for the friendship
which, amid the great pressure on his time, he so kindly and
generously offered. The work to which I have alluded was
touched with that inspiration of genius which raises it, to my
mind, far above the level of ordinary Commentaries. There was
in it the rare power of entering another’s soul. If not always, to
my own thought, giving an exact and adequate interpretation of
the words, yet it always lighted up every subject with the kindling
radiance of the writer’s genius, and enabled the reader to penetrate
for himself into the mind of the great inspired Apostle. To me,
then, as representing the College, and I trust to many who have
been students at the College since my young days, the Master of
Balliol, though no longer here to give us the promised greeting,
has spoken a word of power; and while he is unable to offer, in
spoken words, the welcome which we should have so deeply
prized from him, at all events we feel his welcome in our hearts,
and I trust that something of his rare and beautiful spirit will
remain amongst us.

The Rev. Dr. Martingav,—

Mr. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN,—The Chairman asks me to
perform a very simple duty; in effect to rise and say ‘ditto’ to
THE LUNCHEON. 71

Dr. Drummond. Nothing can be more welcome to me than to be
taken into partnership in that speech, whether in his plea for the
main principle of our College, or in his touching reference to the
bereavement which deprives us of the promised sympathy of the
revered Master of Balliol with our attempt to give it a home in
Oxford. We have hitherto believed that Manchester College
stood alone in its inheritance of absolute freedom from test-
restrictions in its theological teaching and learning. But the
accomplished Warden of Merton rather takes the shine out of this
pretension by telling us that we claim no liberty of theological
discussion which was not habitually exercised in the medieval
schools, without hindrance from ecclesiastical authority. I am
not, like the Warden, deeply versed in the scholastic philosophy,
and am ready to believe whatever he tells me. Thomas Aquinas,
I know, can state the pros and cons of theological questions fairly
and with lucid brevity, always, however, giving verdict for the
Church at last. And, if I remember right, Abelard found it not
very safe to venture on a more audacious course. It is indeed
unquestionable that, then as well as now, intellects exceptionally
active might with impunity re-open problems already closed by
Church decree. The point of importance is, ‘ Was this an asserted
and acknowledged right? or was it only unpunished license? and,
if exercised by a priest, was it consistent with the obligations
which he had voluntarily assumed?’ Quote it, if you will, as an
example of indulgence towards culprits whom it is more prudent
not to touch; but not of unconditional loyalty to the spirit of
truth in preference to the behests of men. If in this respect
Manchester College is not unique in this country, I should rejoice
to hear of the Theological School equally uncommitted to any
bespoken results of research. From the third century onward
the ecclesiastical spirit has been straining after fixity of doctrine.
During the same period the providential order in Christian nations
has been one of intellectual and spiritual growth. It is self-
evident that the two cannot work harmoniously together. Fix your
Theology, and you crystallise your universe. Leave your universe
free to expand within your thought, and it will soon dwarf
72 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

your defined Theology. If you are bound to a confession, you are
paralysed as a scholar. When the tension between the stationary
and the motory forces becomes intolerable, a convulsive crisis, as
at the Reformation, ensues and readjusts their relation, always by
some theological surrender which unexpectedly releases a fresh
religious power. So obvious is this that even Protestant Ortho-
doxy and Catholic Infallibility at last fall in love with the idea of
Progress in the history of Faith, and claim for themselves that they
are carried onward in the very process of standing still. It is
worth while to see what this means. You remember, perhaps,
the story of Robinson and the English Puritan exiles in Holland,
on the eve of their departure for new homes and free worship in
America. They were Independents, rigorous in their Genevan
Theology; and their tears flowed more freely because they were
parting from the beloved pastor who had trained them in it, for
Robinson was too old to share their enterprise. Kneeling on the
beach he called them to prayer; and in his closing blessing
encouraged them to look for ever-clearer vision of divine things:
for sure he was that ‘there was yet more and more light to break
forth from God’s word.’ What could this mean, coming from one
who believed in the plenary inspiration of the Scriptures from the
first word to the last? Did he-refer merely to the future correc-
tion by scholars of mistaken readings and translations? No; he
was intent on reaching, not more exactly what the writers said
and meant, but more fully what was the thought of God hid
behind their literal meaning. In his view, ‘ Inspired’ words were
assumed to carry more than their obvious significance. If that
seemed to be trivial, it symbolised the great ; if material, it veiled
the spiritual; if historical, it was a prophetic hint. Swedenborg
is well known to have worked out this doctrine of a double sense in
the language of Holy Writ; but in truth it has never been absent
from the interpreters, and not always from the writers, of the books
received as sacred. It has spoiled the whole history of Biblical
exposition, turning the scriptures into an occult cypher-writing,
speaking only to those whom the spirit furnishes with the secret
key. Under the influence of this preconception, that besides the
THE LUNCHEON. 73

literal and textual sense there was the symbolical, and within the
symbolical there was the spiritual, Robinson might well expect an
indefinite delivery of truth within truth, as the interior caskets
were opened. But now that interpretation is complete when the
immediate thought which dictated the words is found, we must
treat all else as put into the text by the reader’s fancy, instead
of drawn out of it by revelation of the Spirit of God. Increments
to Theology from this source are arbitrary and illusory, and stand
in no secure relation to the progress of the world. That the
Catholic Church itself is not insensible to the charm of the idea
of Progress is evident from its ‘Theory of Development,’ so
attractively presented in the late Cardinal Newman’s exposition
of it. The perpetuity of the Church, he insists, does not imply
that it can only stand still, On the contrary, it has been always
on the move, and has provisions that may ever keep it so; nor
has our own generation passed without increasing its body of
doctrine. It is undeniable, as a fact, that the conditions of Catholic
orthodoxy have enlarged their range as the ages advanced. The
reason is obvious. The very act of pronouncing authoritatively
on a single article of a creed, and shaping it into words, either
abstract like ‘Person’ and ‘Substance,’ or figurative like ‘ Father’
and ‘Son,’ necessarily starts a number of dependent ambiguities
which must subsequently come up for discrimination and choice.
From the Sonship of Christ, for instance, what endless questions
arose, and occupied the Church for centuries ere they were set
at rest. ‘Incarnation, the ‘Two Natures,’ the ‘Monophysite,
‘Monothelite,” and ‘Sabellian’ problems, came up in turn for
judgment and definition, after which the favoured doctrine was
added to the Divine code, and the alternatives were dismissed and
visited with anathema. But what is the worth of this sort of
‘Development?’ If logically conducted, its worth is just that, and
no more, of the assumed premiss out of which it is drawn; and where
this is a dictum unsecured, all that is consequential on it is pre-
carious, with risks increasing at every link. Travelling on this line,
you are as likely to become encumbered by a monstrous excrescence
of falsehood as to clear your way into the simple relations of
74 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

truth. Thus it was with the Ptolemaic astronomy, starting from
the geocentric assumption that the heavenly bodies really move
as to us they seem to move. It was possible to draw a scheme of
orderly motion, like the figures of a dance, in which the more
conspicuous phenomena would thus have an intelligible place.
But, one by one, minuter changes were observed for which there
was no room, without heaping epicycles upon cycles and stringing
loops upon circles, till the complexity baffled the resources of every
calculus. In spite of infinite ingenuity the science went further
aud further into the dark, till, on the suggestion and trial of the
heliocentric position, the crowd of jostling phenomena filed off
into symmetrical order and explained their own periodicities.
Precisely similar in their origin from a false assumption were the
Church complications to these Ptolemaic bewilderments; and if
not also in their issue, it is only because the heavens can take care
of themselves, and there is no astronomical Pope to excommunicate
their inconvenient anomalies and blot them out from the Cosmos.
These spurious ‘ Developments’ from unsecured premisses are not
what we mean by the progressive growth of human thought, in
religion as in all else. Mere deduction from what you now think
will never open to you fresh fields of thought, divine or human.
Only by larger knowledge of facts, natural or spiritual, and careful
generalisation from them of the true rules of their happening, do
we come into right relations with the world in which we live.
And as that world is also the scene of the divine existence and
the manifestation of the divine action, it is vain to imagine that,
while its aspects change before our thought, Theology can remain
unaffected in its form and dimensions. In recognition of this con-
current variation of Theology and general knowledge, Manchester
College commends to the teachers and the taught an unconditioned
quest of sacred truth. Is there, then, you may perhaps ask,
nothing permanent in the contents of religious faith? Yes, of
religious faith, even though you should pass from church to church,
and your assent should shift from creed to creed. For the abiding
element is to be found, not in the intellect’s theoretical conception
of things divine, but in the order, depth, and power of the moral
THE LUNCHEON. 75

and spiritual affections, and in the adoring and loving sense of an
infinite Personal relation in which they place us. All the time
that the understanding may be on the move in its escape from
imperfections, the responsible and aspiring soul may for ever kneel
before the eternally Perfect. The reverential conscience, the
trustful love, the self-devoting will, may abide the same through
all theological research ; and be ready to take possession of what-
ever universe and whatever history that-research may lay open to
them as the temple of their worship and epic of Divine Life. Be
the scale small or great of the scene thus filled with God, the
Religion which so consecrates it is the same, and makes a fellowship
of heart for the child, the peasant, and the philosopher. This it
is that carries faithful minds unharmed through changes which
frighten people helplessly resting on crumbling authorities. What
‘destructive criticism,’ they say, ‘is this! What is to become of
the Sabbath if the six days’ Creation is given up? And of the Fall
of Man, if we listen to Darwin ? And of the Redemption, if we lose
the Fall?’ Not only is it true that criticism destroys these things
as facts, but that, unless it did so, we should be still in the stage
of Accadian civilisation; imagining the universe to ourselves as a
two-storied world divided by a crystal-palace roof studded with
electric lamps and an arc-light or two over the portals of the day
and night; its ceiling supplied with water-tanks and turncocks
to irrigate the flower beds and fill the fish-ponds below! Of this
lower plane we should be thinking as the scene of the abortive
experiment of a new creature; who, though said to be in the
image of God, proved to be so great a simpleton as to break down
at the first temptation, and so become the progenitor of a fore-
doomed race peopling a ruined world; which, at the end of the
ages, had to be bought off at a frightful cost of suffering to the
Holiest of all. If criticism is ‘destructive’ of this picture, does
it not spread before us a more sublime? If it dwarfs the Mosaic
chronology, does it not unfold a record that has neither Alpha
nor Omega? If it does away with the flat sea and rooted earth
‘that cannot be moved,’ does it not roll them into a globe and fling
it spinning and circling on a track from which it never swerves ?
76 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

If it melts away the crystal roof, think whither it is that it lets
the stars retire! Suppose what we now know of our abode and
our environment to open suddenly upon a devout worshipper
looking out on the little Hebrew universe. Nay, let it be Jesus
of Nazareth himself, when he had gone up into the mountain
to remain all night in prayer to God: and if then had been
revealed to him all that comes to us from the vault of stars
above him, and the dip of the horizon below; if the moon had
told him her wondrous tale, and the light of Orion and Pleiades
had reported its length of way and what infinitudes it left
behind; if, in short, between the second watch and the third
of that night he had found himself transported from the built
firmament of Genesis to the open universe of Newton and of
Herschel; do you think that he would have knelt no more? that
he would have shut up his spoken or silent prayer, because there
was no longer anything adorable? Would he not rather have
been lifted into a devotion too rapturous for speech? And so it
ever is with all our warranted ‘negations. We discard the
relatively mean and low to escape into the great and glorious:
we leave the rudiments to fall away, that we may press on towards
perfection. We exchange a God with a ‘throne’ and a ‘foot-stool,’
a ‘right-hand seat’ and a left, for the Living Presence of a Universal
Mind, looking into our eyes in all that is beautiful, and communing
with us in all that is right. One thing more I would point out as
a necessary inference from the fundamental principle of ‘Free
Teaching and Free Learning.’ If we approve of this principle, we
must take it with all its risks. If the alumnus, in the conscien-
tious exercise of his freedom, carries from the class-room theological
convictions at variance from those of his teachers, he will be only
following the call of duty should he enter the service of a church
less catholic than ours. Nothing can be more absurd than, under
the motto of an open Theology, to expect all your students to
arrive at the same implied, though unnamed, conclusions. Hence
it follows that if the College is intended to train ministers for a
particular denomination, that denomination must hold the same
impartial attitude towards doctrine as the College assumes, by
THE LUNCHEON. 77

neither naine nor act committing itself, in its corporate capacity,
to a particular theological school. The noble principle, reasserted
in every announcement issued from Manchester College, is exposed
to the imputation of insincerity by every word or deed put forth
in forgetfulness of this relation between Church and College.

‘Our GUESTS.’
The Rev. J. Epwin OpGERs,—

The President has deputed to me the pleasing duty of pro-
posing a toast. J have to propose ‘The Guests,’ all of whom,
like myself, are Ais guests to-day, but whom I am permitted to
welcome, on behalf of Manchester College, as owr guests, since
they honour it by their presence and their sympathy. There are
many, it is true, whom we should have rejoiced to see with us
to-day, who, for different reasons,—in many cases academic
engagements, but in others, I am sorry to say, reasons of illness—
are prevented from being with us. We had hoped to welcome
Professors Pfleiderer of Berlin, Oort and Tiele of Leyden, Count
Goblet d’Alviella of Brussels, Professor Albert Réville of Paris,
Bishop Ferencz of the Unitarian Churches of Hungary, President
Eliot of Harvard University, President Cary of the Meadville
Theological School, and others whose names for the moment
escape me. I have, first of all, to propose our guests who come
to us from the University and City of Oxford. Dr. Martineau
has ventured to assume that Oxford is in its essence and inmost
nature a very conservative University. But I would venture to
say that there is a reason why I rejoice that our College is planted
in close proximity to the University of Oxford, apart from the
consideration of her ancient traditions, her historic splendour, her
actual culture, and the countless advantages she has to offer. It
is because the University of Oxford, in these modern times, has
largely been the inspiration of movements that are far-reaching in
their aims and operations, and amidst our working classes in the
North of England there is a growing number to whom Oxford
stands, not merely for the best teaching, but for the most
systematic and brotherly guidance that they ever get. I think
78 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

that it may be for our students here the greatest possible benefit
to be won to a participation in that conviction which, I believe,
made that secluded man, the late Master of Balliol, the guide and
inspirer of those young men whom he sent forth in large numbers
to carry the torch of learning into the great centres of our
working-class population, viz., the belief that it is only the highest
intellectual life of the day that can furnish the means of dealing
with the problems that press most heavily on the most ordinary
folk; that the best education that men can get is incomplete
unless it endows them with some sympathetic insight into the
lives of the self-absorbed and the ignorant; and that the highest
inspiration of all must furnish that single-minded devotion which
alone is competent to grapple with the difficulties of the hour and
of the future, with wars of interest, and conflicts arising from
mutual suspicion, because such devotion is still the one and only
thing that men perfectly trust. I have next to speak of one
among our guests who represents a line of old students whose
hearts, I know, are with us at this hour. When I entered
Manchester New College, in 1859, I had as a friend the first
student sent to us by the Consistory of the Unitarian Church
of Hungary. That good friend has long ago passed away; his
place has been kept by a succession of students of the same
nationality who are now doing good work in their native land,
the majority of them as professors in public colleges, and some as
pastors. We welcome among our guests one of the latter, the
Rev. Salomon Csifé, from Transylvania. And now I come to
another and very pleasing duty. The other day I was on the
little hill at Rathmell, near Settle, and there found a row of old
cottages which had evidently been once a single well-to-do farmn-
house, and still bearing the name of College Fold. That was the
family house of Richard Frankland, whose bones lie in the parish
church of Giggleswick, under an inscription which proclaims that
he was ‘of the renowned stock of the Franklands of Thurtleby,
‘in the County of York.’ There, over an old and blocked up
doorway, you may see the initials of Richard Frankland and his
wife. In that house in 1670, at the time of the passing of the
THE LUNCHEON. 79

second Conventicle Act, Frankland opened his little University—
the defiance of Nonconformity to the Government that would
condemn the Nonconformist to be ignorant for ever. Thence he
was compelled to flee with his little band of scholars, and had to
seek for shelter and freedom to teach in many an out of the way
spot amid the fells of Westmoreland and the moorlands of York-
shire. But while this was the lot of the founder of our academic
family-tree and his pupils, the sons of the pilgrims were studying
in a chartered University—the pious foundation of John Harvard—
under the sunshine of royal approval. It is with a feeling that
blood is thicker that water that we welcome to-day the representa-
tive of that University. We rejoice to see in our midst Dr.
Charles C. Everett, Dean of the Cambridge Divinity School,
which is the Theological Faculty of Harvard. I venture to ask
Oxford to yield the place she will never yield to Cambridge on
the Cam to the representative of Cambridge on the Charles. I
have the privilege of calling to reply to the toast of ‘Our Guests,’
Professor Everett, of Harvard, and Professor Dicey, of Oxford.

The Rev. Professor EvERETT,—

GENTLEMEN,—It gives me great pleasure to respond to this
toast because Manchester College represents precisely the principles
which underlie Harvard University, and the Divinity School of
Harvard University with which I am connected. When I listened
to the remarks, the eloquent remarks, of the President yesterday
afternoon, it seemed to me I was hearing again precisely what was
said over and over again a few years ago, when Harvard Divinity
School took what was called a new departure, and while Dr.
Martineau was laying down principles that should underlie the
College, he was laying down principles we have been carrying out.
But I will refer to a thing not referred to, which has, perhaps, been
in many minds, and which might seem opposed to the undenomi-
national character attributed to this College, and which we claim
for ourselves, viz., how does it happen that an undenominational
College should be largely occupied in furnishing higher education
to men preparing for the ministry of a special denomination? An
80 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

undenominational College has been working for a denomination.
How does it happen? It happens from the actual condition of
things as they have been in past years. What were the poor
Unitarians to do? What denominational school would accept a
Unitarian Professor or admit Unitarian students on equal terms ?
They were barred out everywhere else and, as wild cattle always
do, they ran into the pastures where the bars were down. It is
an illustration of that form of integration of which Herbert
Spencer speaks, as the necessary consequence of differentiation.
It is something like this: if you separate different coloured marbles
you mass the black and the white marbles, and so here, you mass
the white and black, but which is the white and which is the
black I won’t undertake to say. But there is a form of integration
higher than that of which Herbert Spencer thus speaks. It is an
integration in which both elements are brought together in a
unity which is organic, and is thus higher than anything that can
be reached in any other way. For this higher integration the
time is beginning to be ripe. Perhaps I may illustrate what I
mean by stating how we have solved this problem at Harvard.
The religious instruction at Harvard College is now in the hands
of a Board of six preachers appointed every year. These preachers
represent different denominations, the Episcopal—because the
Episcopal Church is one of our denominations whatever it may
be here—the Methodist, the Orthodox Congregational, the
Presbyterian and the Unitarian, and these six men, representing
various forms of Church government and Church belief, work
together in the most absolute harmony. The late Phillips Brooks,
afterwards Bishop Brooks, was one of the most enthusiastic and
earnest workers in the religious instruction of Harvard College.
By his side, and no less successfully, worked Brooke Herford. I was
going to say it was wonderful the hold he got of those young men,
but to those who know him it is not wonderful. In Harvard
Divinity School we have appointed Professors of various denomi-
nations. It for a long time was regarded as a Unitarian School, but
of late years we have taken Professors from Baptists and Orthodox
Congregationalists, as well as Unitarians, and we all work beauti-
THE LUNCHEON. 81

fully together. The President of the University thought it worth
while, in one of his Reports, to call attention to this condition of
things, and remarked that we were one of the most harmonious
Faculties in the University. Why should we not be harmonious,
if no one is responsible for anyone else? I am teaching in my
lecture-room, and an Orthodox Professor is lecturing below. He
has no idea what I am talking about, and I have none of what he
is saying, and there is no possibility of a quarrel. Very recently
three or four of our Theological Seminaries have been passing
through difficulties, because some governing body felt responsible
for the teaching of one or another Professor, which did not conform
to the fixed standard. This kind of difficulty I may illustrate by
an incident that occurred indeed, a good many years ago, in one
of our Theological Schools. There was a bitter controversy among
the Professors about certain points of doctrine. Scholastic divines
used to be debating how many angels could stand on the point
of a needle—and it is astonishing what fighting ground some
theologians can find on points of doctrine that seem to outsiders as
sharp as the point ofa needle. One of these Professors was to preach
on a Sunday morning in the Chapel. As he could not get there
until late, he requested another Professor to conduct the service
until the time for preaching. This other Professor belonged to a
different party, and so as he read the Scriptures he uttered a
running commentary, and later the preacher came in and cheer-
fully delivered his doctrine, without having the slightest idea that
the whole bottom had been knocked out of it. I may say, to
illustrate the kind of movement I am speaking of, that in one of
our Western cities—the city of Denver, in the State of Colorado—
the clergy, Episcopal, Unitarian, and the rest—I believe that the
Episcopal clergyman was the Bishop of the Diocese—formed
themselves into a Divinity Faculty, and thus set an example of
the higher integration. The migration of Manchester College
to Oxford is the beginning of the working out of this higher
integration. There can no longer be isolated teaching. Its
students will come to Oxford, this great centre of thought, and

face for themselves the conflicting tendencies of the time; while
G
82 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

this School will make its contribution to the intellectual life of
the place. And when I speak of Oxford, what can I say that
will not sound common-place? If I could only express the feeling
with which I speak you would find it was not common-place.
Oxford and Cambridge represent the most advanced scholarship
of the world. I have never seen Cambridge, England, but Oxford
seems to represent the sweetest, most inspiring, and most exalting
phases of the medieval religious faith and love; and I believe
that without something of the sweetness, something of the awe,
and something of the esthetic charm, and even of the mysticism
which characterised the Medieval Church, without something of
this our modern religion will be imperfect. We need an infusion
of more of that medieval spirit of which I have spoken, and which
finds its magnificent embodiment in the architectural works and
monuments and associations that cluster about Oxford. I trust
that the students of Manchester College will draw more and more
of this inspiration, which can hardly be got anywhere else, and
blend it with the depth and breadth of their religious teaching.
I will simply conclude by expressing the most earnest wish and
the most earnest faith that this movement will be the introduction
of a new and higher era into the history of the College, and that
the work, however great, it has already done, will be as nothing to
that which it has to do.

Professor Dicey,—

One thing is quite certain—a speech at this time of our
proceedings ought to be short. This I hope I shall be able to
accomplish. Another thing is equally certain—whatever a speaker
says should be the true representation of his own thought and
belief. Allow me to dwell, in as clear and as few words as may be,
upon three points which I should like to press on the attention,
as well of guests as of host. The first is the extreme pleasure—
and I am sure in saying this I represent every Oxford man who is
present, and a great number who cannot be here—which we feel
at this meeting. It is something more than the foundation of a
College: it is the termination of a long struggle in which we have
THE LUNCHEON. 83

all, more or less, borne a part—the struggle for truth and freedom.
The second point on which I would dwell is, that we expect, and
expect confidently, that Manchester College will confer great
benefits on the University. Of the direct benefit which may flow
from the theological teaching of the College I say nothing. I have
no pretension to be a theologian. But there is another indirect
kind of benefit which I think none of us value quite highly enough.
It is the stimulus which effective teaching in one branch of know-
ledge gives to teaching in every other branch of knowledge.
What we all suffer from here is not ‘rash speculation.’ I wish
there were more speculation of any kind amongst us. What we do
suffer from, and always are in danger of suffering from, is deadness,
apathy, and stupidity on the part of teachers no less than of
pupils. There is no difference in this respect between one faculty
and another. What we ought to feel is, that when zeal for truth
and love of truth is kindled in one part of the University, it is
certain to tell on the rest of the University. There is no faculty
which will not gain by an outburst of intellectual life in any other
faculty. Iam certain that the kindling at Manchester College of
additional interest in Theology will benefit every theological
student throughout the University ; and I also firmly believe that
the zealous study of Theology will benefit even a faculty so far
removed from divinity as is the faculty of law. I have sometimes
ventured to surmise that a study of those elementary principles
of the law of evidence which ought to be enforced by legal teachers
might occasionally be of advantage to divines. Allow me, at any
rate, to illustrate, from my own very scanty knowledge, the way in
which the recent study of Theology has elucidated the progress of
legal history. I have read the Hibbert Lectures, as have most of
us here, of my friend, Mr. Montefiore, and have found that the
views which he and others have propounded—I may say estab-
lished—as to the religious history of Judaism are of immense
importance to the philosophical lawyer. It was quite impossible
to understand the development of legal ideas as long as one
believed that an elaborate and technical system of legislation was
created at the very beginning of the history of the Jewish nation.
84 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

From the moment that the Levitical law was put in its right
place, it became possible to understand not only the whole progress
of Jewish religion, but also the development of legal conceptions.
I cannot, also, but think that if lawyers owe something to theo-
logians, the writings of such men as Sir Henry Maine and Sir
Alfred Lyall have thrown a good deal of light on some theological
problems. We have been told, and told rightly, that it is not
desirable for young pass-men that they should plunge into
theological speculation ; it is, however, desirable that their mind
should be kept alive to speculative interest, and I trust that this
College will stimulate the speculative life of the University just
as this College will, in return, be roused to new activity by the
studies of the University. The third point on which I would
dwell is, that the existence of Manchester College will put an end
to sources of national division and complete the reconciliation
between the University and the nation. I may myself be described
as an interesting survival. I belong to the very last batch of
those estimable young gentlemen who signed the Thirty-nine
Articles when first they came up to their matriculation. I well
remember on that occasion the great difficulty which I experienced
in putting on a white tie, the greater difficulty I had in getting
admitted to Balliol, and the very small difficulty I had in going
down to Worcester and signing the Articles. But that is all a
thing of the past. About many reforms we shall all dispute as
long as the world lasts. But I do not find among men of sense
in this University, to whatever party they may belong, anyone
who does not heartily rejoice that tests have been abolished.
This College is a visible and outward sign of their abolition. It
is also a security, if security were needed, that no kind of test
shall ever be imposed again. The destruction of tests means the
restoration of national unity. I do not greatly blame the intoler-
ance of past ages. I am inclined to think that the men who
committed errors some two hnndred years ago and more were
neither worse nor better than ourselves. But I do assert that
the intolerance which expelled from the Church of England
hundreds of its best and noblest sons did a far greater injury to
THE LUNCHEON. 85

the nation than even to the victims of persecution, for it intro-
duced divisions which had no natural existence, it created the
mean and false idea that men’s political power or social status
were in some way connected with their religious convictions. To
all who wish that this false notion should come to an end, it is a
great triumph to see such a College as this planted in Oxford.
Its mere existence will be a blessing to the University as far as
the University is concerned. I do not fear the progress of
democracy, as every past reform has made the University more
popular in proportion as it has made the University more national.
It is not probable that the University will be the sufferer by any
extension which connects it more closely with the nation. It will
not suffer any loss by ceasing to be the University of the classes.
I have troubled you too long. I will only sum up what I have
inadequately expressed. I firmly believe that Manchester College
will be a stimulus to the further search after truth, and also a
new bond of unity with the nation. We not only thank you,
Mr. President, for your friendly hospitality, but we rejoice, as you
rejoice, at the foundation of this College in Oxford.

‘Our Hosts.’

The Rev. Dr. Vance SmrtH,—

While expressing my own especial thanks for the kind and
handsome hospitality which I have received from Oxford friends,
I have no doubt that what I say for myself I may say, also, for
others who have been similarly received; and for them, too, I beg
to tender most grateful acknowledgments. But the hospitality of
Oxford friends is not the most prominent idea in my mind at this
moment. I cannot but look back through the long series of many
years to the time when I was myself a student of this College at
York and at Manchester; and on again through the later years,
when I was a tutor in the College, and (against my own will) also
Principal ; and onward still to this the greatest week in the history
of the College. Through all this time I can see that the College
has kept on its straightforward course, consistently adhering to
the great principle of liberty of learning and teaching which it
86 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

professed. Nor, in this retrospect, can I forget the many excellent
and learned men with whom, in those older times, I was asso-
ciated,—a Wellbeloved, a Kenrick, a John James Tayler, with
many more whom I might enumerate. These men, by their
‘laborious and faithful work, prepared the way for the more
favourable position which we, their successors, have attained. I
wonder sometimes what they would say, could they contrast their
day of small things with this Oxford week. Perhaps (and I say
it with reverence) they do now look upon us, and with a celestial
sympathy hope and pray for us that we may be as firm and faith-
ful, in the work to which we have set our hands, as they were in
theirs.
But, in thus looking back to the past, we have also to think
of the present and the future. I would not wish to introduce a
single discordant note into the proceedings of this, for many of us,
most memorable day. Yet, even in the presence of the kindly
and liberal spirit which animates the Oxford gentlemen who are
here with us, and offer us their welcome on this occasion, it is
impossible to forget that there is a large and powerful party who
are not in any sense with us, but passionately against us, and who
manifest towards us anything but a tolerant and charitable spirit.
I allude to that numerous class of whom such persons as Lord
Halifax may be considered the type. The spirit which animates
them may remind us of a certain memorable occasion when the
American ambassador Everett, on being presented for an honorary
degree in this University, was received with an uproar of dis-
approval, because he was a Unitarian. The same spirit was
manifested even more loudly and widely on a more recent occasion,
when another of the same body became a member of the company
for the revision of the Bible. In different spheres again, and
quite recently, the same kind of intolerance has asserted itself, in
instances which serve to show us that our work, as friends of
unfettered Theology, is not done. We must not deceive ourselves,
but prepare for even a more strenuous battle. I trust we shall
do this, and hold well aloft the banner of that true and full liberty
without which the attainment of the highest truth and the highest
THE LUNCHEON. 87

religion is not possible. Truth, Liberty, and Religion,—this is
our trinity, and there is no mystery in it. May we, then, be
earnest, firm, and consistent in our devotion to this great cause ;
and so shall we prove ourselves not unworthy of that Christian
name which we do not intend to surrender, even at the bidding
of Lord Halifax, and not unworthy to be the successors of the
good and admirable men to whom I have alluded as our spiritual
forefathers, and whose example stands ever there to guide and
encourage us to follow in their steps.

The Hon. and Rev. Canon FREMANTLE,—

GENTLEMEN,—I am very glad to respond to this toast, and to
know, from what has been so kindly said by the proposer, that
our friends have been suitably accommodated; for one who saw
the crowded state of Manchester College Chapel yesterday might
have feared that some of them would have had to sleep in the
streets. I am glad to know, also, after the sad experience related
by Dr. Vance Smith, that none of them suffered what, according
to the Arab tale, befell the guest of our father Abraham. It is
said that Abraham received a venerable stranger into his tent,
but that when he found that he did not worship God as he himself
did, he turned him out into the night. The tale proceeds, however,
to say that the Almighty appeared to him and said, ‘I have
supported this man for sixty years, could not you support him for
a single night?’ But our hospitality, I hope, goes beyond a night
or two; we welcome the members of Manchester College to Oxford
as permanent guests. We are told to judge men like trees, by
their fruits; and if, as I suppose, we should judge in the same
way of communities, we cannot but judge well of a community
which has produced men like Priestley, one of the noblest men of
his generation, and Channing, and Martineau. When we think of
their mild wisdom, their sweet reasonableness, and of the way in
which they have impressed their spirit on successive generations,
we cannot but feel we owe a great debt of gratitude to the com-
munity to which they belonged. As Christians, we welcome them
as brother Christians ; as Churchmen, we welcome them as brother
88 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Churchmen, for the Church, according to her own formularies, is
‘all who profess and call themselves Christians,—‘the whole
body of Christian men dispersed throughout the whole world,—
and the Church of England is none else than the whole body of
Christian people dispersed throughout this country. Each com-
munity has something to add to the whole body, and the school
of thought represented by Manchester College has always upheld,
in a most eminent degree, certain elements of the Christian life,
that inextinguishable and passionate love for the truth of which
Dr. Martineau has presented to us a sample to-day,—the blending
of a love of culture and refinement of mind with religion, the
possibility of a direct approach to God apart from systems and
ordinances, the desire to bring religion into the realm of common
life, and a noble philanthropic zeal. We remember with gratitude
and honour how Channing and his friends in America were fore-
most in the great movement which led to the abolition of slavery.
But I have one word more to say. Asa University man, I welcome
you to the University of Oxford. A great deal has been said
to-day about the abolition of Tests, and I cannot help remembering
with satisfaction that the first speech I made at the Oxford Union,
in 1852, was in favour of the abolition of Tests. I was a very
young man then, and many thought the thing quite absurd.
However, the question was well debated, and, after long contro-
versies and discussions, we saw at length the abolition of Tests
carried into effect. I speak as an Oxford clergyman, when I say
that no act that was ever passed has been more beneficial to the
University, and especially in a religious sense, than that for the
removal of Tests. I speak as a Christian teacher in Balliol College
when I say, that the Nonconformist students are amongst the most
earnest and studious of our young men, that they form one of the
best elements in our body. I therefore trust most sincerely that
this College will prosper, no longer a guest, but a denizen among
our institutions, and that its fine building will long stand
forth as a witness and a home of truth and freedom and sober,
thoughtful religion.
THE LUNCHEON. 89

‘THE ARCHITECTS.’
Mr. Jas. Howarp Brooxs,—

Mr. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN,—I have, at very short notice,
accepted the duty of proposing the toast of ‘The Architects,’ and
I should do so with more pleasure did I feel that I could command
words adequate to the occasion. I feel, on the contrary, that were
I to attempt to sing the praises of the architects, any language of
mine would tend rather to obscure than disclose their merits, and
I will content myself with saying simply that as I had the honour
of being a member of the Building Committee at the time when
the plans of the College took their final shape, I was brought into
intimate communication with Mr. Worthington, and I am able to
testify to the conscientious care and anxious thought which he
bestowed upon every detail of the werk—care and thought which
were not merely professional, but full of love and sympathy. At
that time he was very ably seconded by his partner, Mr. Elgood,
who threw into the matter almost as much zeal and earnestness,
but who, unhappily, has not lived to see the completion of the
work. All who knew him deeply regret the loss of his gentle and
kindly nature. He has been succeeded by Mr. Worthington’s son,
Mr. Percy Scott Worthington, and to him it must be a peculiar
pleasure to have helped in the erection of so beautiful a building
in the home of his Alma Mater. Of the results of the Architects’
labours, I will not attempt to say anything. Among the crowds
who thronged the building yesterday and to-day I have heard
nothing but favourable criticism; and if the builders who have
reared the stately piles of Oxford could be with us to-day, and
have listened to the sweet tones of the fine organ, for which we
are indebted to the munificence of Mrs. George Buckton, and
have gazed upon the beautiful installation of the electric light
and other nineteenth century notions, they might rub their ears
and eyes, yet they would, I am sure, one and all acknowledge,
in the Architects of Manchester College, no unworthy successors.
90 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Mr. Tuomas WorTHINGTON,—

Mr. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN,—I had quite hoped that
you would have let me escape saying anything to-day ; for,
although I know something about putting together a fabric such
as your College, I find the utmost difficulty in putting two sentences
together on an occasion of this sort. At the same time, I wish to
thank you for the very kind expressions which meet me from
every quarter about the work we have just finished. I have
especially to thank you, Sir, for your personal help in every detail
throughout the progress of the building. I think it is hardly
possible for the members of the Committee, or for the Trustees,
to realise the enormous amount of thought and trouble and patient
toil which the President has given to the work. Perhaps I may
just venture to say a word, in passing, on what has some peculiarly
interesting associations for myself and my son; the names of
Wellbeloved and Kenrick are of peculiar interest for us as those
of honoured relatives; and when I used to take my little boy,
now my partner, to the old house in Monk Gate, York, we little
thought we should have to build Manchester College in this
seat of learning.

‘Toe HEALTH OF THE PRESIDENT.’
The Rev. R. A. Armstronc,—

GENTLEMEN,—I have to give you a toast, ‘The Health of the
President.’ I am sure we all desire to congratulate him personally
upon the consummation which has been achieved this week, owing
in no small degree to his wisdom, sagacity, and perseverance.
Those who have known him honour him the more and recognise
more fully the value of his work for this College; and those who
have only made his acquaintance to-day and yesterday will have
learned to sympathise in our admiration for his character. For his
personal hospitality to this great company, shown in a singularly
gracious manner, I personally thank him most. sincerely,—and
I am sure you all will thank him, too, for his hospitality on this
occasion.
THE LUNCHEON. 91

The PRESIDENT,—

GENTLEMEN,—I am very much obliged to you for having
received the toast so kindly, and to my friend, Mr. Armstrong, for
the kind expressions he has used towards me. There are many
things one would have liked to say arising out of the speeches
we have heard; but I will content myself with this alone—that
however great the satisfaction at the successful completion of our
College at Oxford, yet its mere establishment here is not all, and
it would have occupied very much a position apart, without that
sympathy and encouragement on the part of the University, which
we have so happily met with to-day. Such a hearty recognition
and reception was entirely unexpected; and the more unexpected,
the more pleased must we feel. If at any time we entertained
doubts about the advisability of coming to Oxford, I think they
have been solved during the last two days; and that the Trustees
and all the friends of the College will feel satisfied that we have
done right in coming here.

This concluded the luncheon proceedings.
RECEPTION & CONVERSAZIONE.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 19th.

Tue Guests were received in the: Senior Common
Room by Henry Russert Greco, Esq. (the President),
and Miss Grec, the Rev. Principal Drummonp and
Mrs. Drummonp, and Harry Rawson, Esq. (Chairman
of the Committee), and Mrs. Rawson.

The following Deputations were received by the
PresipENT and the Principat in the Library :—

Harvard University :
Rev, CHarugs C. Evrerett, D.D., Dean of the Divinity School.

The Bishop and Consistory of the Unitarian Churches in Hungary -
Rev. SaLomon CsIFd,
The Hibbert Trust:

Tuomas AsHToNn, Esq.; Sir Jas. Clarke Lawrence, Bart.; P. H.
LAWRENCE, Esq.; W. BLAKE OpcERS, Esq., Q.C., LL.D.; and
T. P. Warren, Esq.

The Presbyterian Board:
Rev. T. L. MARSHALL.

Cross Street Chapel, Manchester :
Rev. E. P. Barrow, M.A.; Rev. S, A, SreinrHat; S. B.
Worrtuineron, Esq.; and G, W. Rayner Woop, Esq.
Cairo Street Chapel, Warrington :

Rev. W. H. Drummonp, B.A.; Wm. Lone, Esq.; and F. Monxs,
Esq.

The Addresses presented by the Deputations will be
found in Appendia C.
 
THE RECEPTION AND CONVERSAZIONE. 93

Tue Prestpent,—I will request your attention for a
short time while we receive a number of deputations,
gentlemen who have come from different quarters to
present addresses to the College. The Vice-Principal
has kindly consented to reply to them. The first deputa-
tion that will be received is from Harvard University.
I call upon Professor Everett.

Harvarp UNIVERSITY.

The Rev, Professor EvERETT,—

I have, Mr. President, in my hand a letter from President
Eliot containing my credentials as the representative of Harvard
College, and also his good wishes and congratulations. I assure
you this is on his part, and on the part of the authorities of the
University, and certainly on my own part, no perfunctory per-
formance. President Eliot is an enthusiast for free theological
education. It is he who has done more than anyone else,
perhaps, from the beginning, to put Harvard Divinity School in
the position which it now occupies, and he was particularly eager
that the University should be represented on this occasion. I am
sure it is with great gratitude and pleasure that I find myself
here. It is not merely on account of the position of the School
of this College that we are taking such an interest in it. It is
also the manner in which the work of the College has been
done—both its success in teaching, and the great results which
have been brought about by the graduates of the School, and also
by the work of the Professors of the School in Theology, which
has made the world its debtor. One cannot over-estimate at the
present day the importance of such education as is offered here.
It is a time in which the cry, ‘Help thou mine unbelief, is the
utterance of so many. I know nothing which can lift up the
spirit of the age better than a true, pure, and earnest religious
faith ; and this is a time in which preachers of the church should
not be trained under glass, as it were, but should have a free,
open, healthy education to fit them for the work. This is the
94 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

kind of education which we understand Manchester College
is giving, and we present our congratulations and our best
wishes.

THe Huncarian CHURCHES.

The Rev. Satomon CstFr6,—

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—A few years ago, when I left
Manchester New College in London, I never thought I should be
able to express my thanks and gratitude to the English Unitarians
for the great kindness to me and other Hungarian students who
studied in England, and who became acquainted with your social
and religious life. I left England with grateful feelings in my
heart. Years have passed away, but the feeling has remained in
my heart, and remains the same in all the old students. I am
very glad to be here once more, and to enjoy my time with you.
But I feel happy at this moment because I am speaking not in
my own name alone. I am entrusted to speak and salute you in
the name of the old Hungarian students and in the name of all
Hungarian Unitarians. I think that it isa heavenly tie that has
bound us together. The hand that was stretched over to us was
moved, I like to believe, by God Himself; the feeling that
approached you to us was the act of God Himself out of a pure
love. This College is a grand building, and I am happy to be
here on this grand occasion in this College, and to learn how the
search after true knowledge and right is carried on. In this
College do we learn how and whom to love. But perhaps some
here may say—old students of Manchester Collegee— This is not
the same building that we studied in or that we ought to be
attached to ;’ yet I say this is the same building, for I can see
here the same spirit, the same love that there was in London. I
am very happy to be here at the opening of the College; and
allow me once more to salute you in the name of the old Hun-
garian students and in the name of Hungarian Unitarians. For
my own part I cannot say more than pray to God my Father
that His blessing may be upon this College, and that its work
may be successful from age to age.
THE RECEPTION AND CONVERSAZIONE. 95

Tue Hissert Trust.

Mr. P. H. Lawrenczt,—

I think it is quite unnecessary, on the part of the Hibbert
Trust, to call your recollection to the fact that our aims and
principles, as Hibbert Trustees, are almost identical with those of
this College, as to the investigation of truth and the encourage-
ment of liberal enquiry into matters of religion. And when we
come here to congratulate this College on its removal to Oxford,
you must allow us to say that we have already, in our Trust,
anticipated that movement for our own purposes, and we
claim to have been the first to organise our Lectures in Oxford
before the College had actually come to the determination
which has brought it hither. We also have the pride and satis-
faction of having numbered amongst our Lecturers several
distinguished men who are Professors in the University of Oxford
whose names are known to you all. I need only mention Professor
Max Miiller, Dr. Hatch, and others. We have now the satisfac-
tion of finding you here, and, as our whole forty years’ life has
always been more or less in connection with your College, you
will allow us to express, in the words of our Resolution, ‘ Our
cordial congratulations on the occasion of the establishment of
the College in buildings of its own in Oxford, and on the institu-
tion within the precincts of the University of systematic
instruction and study in Theology, avowedly and sincerely free
from dogmatic preconceptions and obligations, and of the exercise
of religion in its simplest and most intelligible form, and free
from all fetters of ecclesiastical tradition or prescription.’

The Rev. T. L. MarsHaLtL,—

I may say, Mr. President, that the aims and objects of the
Presbyterian Board—of which I have the honour of being the
representative, and of which I have been Secretary for nearly
forty years—are precisely identical with those of Manchester
College. A few years ago you celebrated the centenary of
Manchester College, and the Presbyterian Board, three years
ago, celebrated the bi-centenary of its existence. During the
96 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

whole of the two hundred years of that existence it has supported
a succession of Colleges now concentrated in Carmarthen Presby-
terian College, whose aims and objects are entirely identical with
those of Manchester College,—devoted to free learning and un-
fettered research in Theology. In Manchester College, of which
I have the honour of being one of the old alwmmni, this is rather
an ideal. In Carmarthen Presbyterian College it is practically
realised; for we have orthodox and heterodox Professors,
and orthodox and heterodox students, all working together in
perfect harmony. The connection between Carmarthen Presby-
terian College (and to many of us Presbyterian is a name
still dear among all the old historical names) and Manchester
College is much closer than you, Sir, and many friends
present, are perhaps aware. One of your former Principals,
whom we are delighted to see present this evening in his
honoured green old age, Dr. Vance Smith, was for many years
the Principal of the Presbyterian College, Carmarthen. We have
seen not a few students from Carmarthen College continue their
course in this and other Colleges, men who have distinguished
themselves and taken high degrees at various Universities. Among
them I may mention the late Mr. W. D. Jeremy, Treasurer of the
Presbyterian Fund, whose loss we so deeply deplore; the present
Principal of Carmarthen College, an old Oxford man; Mr.
Gwenogfryn Evans, so well known in Oxford as a distinguished
student of Celtic Literature, and on whom the University of
Oxford not long ago conferred the Honorary Degree of Master of
Arts. We still continue to give Exhibitions of considerable
amount to some of the students of your College, so I may claim
that the Presbyterian Board has a very close connection with
Manchester College, and that our aims and objects are almost, if
not precisely, identical.

The Rev. 8, A. SreintHAL,—

Mr. PRESIDENT,—There is peculiar fitness in Cross Street
Chapel being represented here to-day, and I have not been able to
resist the application made to me by the Trustees, the Committee,
THE RECEPTION AND CONVERSAZIONE. 97

and the Minister of my late Congregation, to present on their
behalf the Resolution which has been adopted by the Trustees and
Committee expressing their sympathy with you on the present
occasion. When in 1786 Manchester Academy first began its
noble work, its Tutors were the Ministers of Cross Street Chapel,
Manchester. Since then only two of the Ministers of Cross Street
Chapel have not been students—former students—of the College.
And so the unbroken tradition, we may say, has been handed
down in College and in Congregation, of freedom in theological
inquiry,—an absolute freedom both for Minister and people
in the exercise of their religious privileges. Not only have
the Ministers of the Chapel been closely connected with the
College, but from the members of the Congregation have been
chosen the chief managers of the College-—Presidents, Chairmen
of Committee, Secretaries, Treasurers, and active Members of
Committee. And in its history, of which Cross Street Chapel is
proud, one of the great features will always be that the noblest
names connected with its story have been closely connected with
the history of Manchester College. Those who know what
the names of the Heywoods, the Percivals, the Worthingtons,
the Darbishires, the Hibberts, the Potters, the Bayleys, the
Touchets, mean to us—I might call a longer list to memory—
will know how close has been the union between Congregation
and College, and why it is that our hearts go forth with such
warm enthusiasm to-day to congratulate you and all connected
with the College on the auspicious beginning of your new
career under these new circumstances. I need not read the
Resolution that has been passed ; it stands already on the Minutes
of the College. But through that Resolution there speaks to us
the voice of one who is not with us here to-night, and I cannot
help wishing that we might have heard that voice representing
more fittingly than any other could do the strong attachment
to those great principles upon which the Congregation and the
College alike are founded, that we might have had the opportunity
of acknowledging the service that Robert Darbishire has done,
both to the Congregation and the College, in the days that are

gone by,—service which we shall never forget.
H
98 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

The Rev. W. H. Drummonp read the Address from
the Congregation of Cairo Street Chapel, Warrington.

The Rev. J. Esttin Carpenter, Vice-Principal, in
reply,—

Mr. PRESIDENT, AND LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—The festival
of this night brings to a close the long and devoted labours which
you, Sir, have bestowed upon our College and upon its buildings,
crowned as they have been by the splendid hospitality of this
afternoon. This day, likewise, has brought to our beloved Principal
labours no less arduous at the time in expounding the principles
and history of this College, and in laying before us our future
hopes. The Committee have, therefore, done me the honour to
ask me to take up the work of offering to the gentlemen who
have presented these Addresses to us, our warmest thanks for
the greetings they have brought, and the good-will they have
expressed.

You, Professor Everett, have conveyed to us from the great
and ancient University at Cambridge, Massachusetts—for two
hundred and fifty years of continuous academic life surely entitles
that University, at any rate in the United States, to the name of
ancient—the stately message of your distinguished President, and
the sympathy of your Theological Faculty. From that University,
where Emerson studied, where Longfellow and Lowell taught, we
are proud to receive your congratulations, and from that Divinity
School, made noble for your own household faith by the labours
of Norton and of Abbott, hallowed by the early purpose of Theodore
Parker and by the beautiful spirit of James Freeman Clarke, we
accept with still further gratitude the benediction you have given.
As you have shown us this afternoon, there is a special reason
why we here, on entering this new building, should rejoice to
have had exhibited before us so splendid an object lesson of the
way in which the principles of free teaching and free learning in
Theology must be carried out. For we learn from you, Sir, that
the theological staff of the Divinity School at Cambridge includes
Professors of what is commonly called orthodox as well as of what
THE RECEPTION AND CONVERSAZIONE. 99

is sometimes called unorthodox Theology, that they teach side by
side without disputing, and that they pursue truth with common
accord. May I be pardoned if I say, further, that it is to me
especially acceptable to have the honour of returning thanks
for your Address, because by the courtesy of your President, and
by the generous good-will of my friends the Principal and
Committee of this College, I hope, before another year has passed,
to have the pleasure myself of renewing, on your side of the
water, the friendship which it has been so delightful to me to
commence here.

And now to you, Mr. Csifé, we are bound by ties of personal
regard and affection. Mr. Csifé has come to us as the representative
of a Bishop; he brings with him, in a certain sense, the creden-
tials of a state religion. It is possible, therefore, to accommodate
the modified episcopacy which our Presbyterian forefathers would
have gladly welcomed, to a Unitarian Theology which they would
have most vigorously repelled. We sympathise with you, Sir, in
the great historic lineage of your church. We are bound to you
not by community of origin but by present theological affinity,
and it has been our joy for now a whole generation to welcome,
year after year, successive students from Hungary within the walls
of our own College. These gentlemen have brought to us a fresh-
ness of spirit, a different theological and social tradition, a charm
of personal manner, and a devotedness of labour as students,
which have endeared them closely to us, and caused the long line
of their memories to remain fresh and vivid in our hearts. To
you, Sir, therefore, who have thought it worth while to cross
Europe from your home on the Turkish frontier, to be present
for two days in Oxford at our festival, we tender our warmest
welcomes and our sincerest thanks.

To three other bodies I will venture briefly to address myself ;
linked by similarity of descent, dating one or another from very
nearly the same period, and belonging at any rate to the same
historic movement. From the Presbyterian Board we have
received congratulations which we accept with heartfelt gratitude,
knowing the immense services rendered for more than two hundred
100 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

years by that venerable body in the maintenance of our Presby-
terian tradition. You, Mr. Marshall, have referred to the establish-
ment of successive Colleges, and in particular to the way in which
at Carmarthen—though with more limited means and on a smaller
scale—you have worked out precisely that same object lesson
which Professor Everett has described to us at Harvard. In the
Carmarthen College, likewise, Professors of different theological
views have taught side by side, and students from various orthodox
churches have met along with those of the Unitarian faith. You,
too, therefore, have nobly vindicated that great principle on which
our Presbyterian churches were founded, of maintaining religious
fellowship in spiritual unity without requiring identity of theo-
logical belief. And we, too, are indebted to Carmarthen College
for more than one student full of Welsh vivacity, who might hold
views about the connexion of Welsh and Hebrew inconsistent
with sound philology, but who enlivened our Common Room and
brought repeated cheer to comrades sometimes depressed by the
labours of academic life, and who have gone forth filled with that
same spirit of eager helpfulness, sometimes into the gloomy spots
of our great cities, and carried with them that fervour of earnest-
ness which we associate especially with the Celtic spirit—From
Cross Street we have received an utterance of good-will, expressed
with an eloquence and fervour which I will not attempt to rival,
and with a fulness of historic knowledge which it is out of my
power to emulate. But we cannot forget how great a place Cross
Street has filled in the annals of Nonconformity in Manchester,
and through its wide influence on the group of towns which have
arisen around that mother city. Nor can we fail to remember
how close has been the tie between this College and that Congre-
gation. It is a matter, I understand, of disputed tradition whether
the meeting of respectable gentlemen, one February day in 1786,
with which our own immediate annals begin, actually took place
in the room of Cross Street Chapel, associated in my own mind
with so many reminiscences of College administration, and so
many an interesting gathering of its supporters. Be that as it
may, we know that the Cross Street pulpit was open to our first
THE RECEPTION AND CONVERSAZIONE. 101

Principal for that sermon of dedication in which he consecrated
the College ‘to Truth, to Liberty, and to Religion;’ and we
know, as Mr. Steinthal has told us, how close has been the bond
ever since, as successive Ministers have passed, by nearer or
remoter stages, from the College lecture hall into the Cross Street
pastorate. Nor, indeed, would we forget that the tie of Cross
Street with Oxford has been more closely knit by the recent
appointment to its pulpit of a gentleman who, in the possession
of Oxford learning, and in the fearless investigation of the origin
of Christianity, has found that the pursuit of truth indeed requires
freedom, and leads to the larger and fuller realisation of the
religious life-—-And Mr. Hamilton Drummond, in the name of
the friends of the Cairo Street Congregation at Warrington, has
conveyed to us greetings which show us indeed how close is the
filiation of the lineage of our College with theirs, for on these
shelves repose some books that came from the library of the
Warrington Academy. From that building, in what was then, I
suppose, little more than a village—I possess even now a sketch
of Warrington made not more than between fifty and sixty years
ago, which shows it in charming pastoral scenery, beside verdant
meadows, on a stream reflecting a sky of azure blue—from that
village there went forth learning and culture that made it the
centre of the whole literary life of Lancashire for a period of
nearly thirty years. During that time, that little band of devoted
teachers, numbering among them men so distinguished as Dr.
John Taylor, the Hebraist; Dr. Priestley, even then of scientific
fame; Dr. Enfield, whose works were translated into German,—
one of the rare instances where English scholarship found its way
abroad; Gilbert Wakefield, and others, educated no less than
393 pupils. From Warrington, therefore, where successive
beautifications of the old Chapel have not quite hidden all traces
of its earlier simplicity, we rejoice to receive good wishes as we
start upon our sumptuous way.

Gentlemen of the Hibbert Trust, forgive me if I have reserved
the acknowledgment of your congratulations till the last. The
reason cannot but be obvious. It springs out of that quality
102 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

in the nature of gratitude which always has an eye to favours
yet to come. From you, the youngest of the associations repre-
sented on this night, we have already derived benefits so great
as to make us look forward with eager hope to the assistance
which we know you are so ready to give us in the future. To
you, many of us—I myself among them—owe largely what we
know of Continental scholarship, and the means of pursuing
studies abroad which have laid, in part at any rate, the foundation
of anything we have been able to do since. To you, also, we are
indebted for that noble series of Lectures in which you have
enlisted scholars who have, with such fearless research, sought to
unfold the beginnings of religious history,—the first of whom
(Prof. F. Max Miiller) we rejoice to count among our guests
to-night,—a series which we hope will be crowned in the coming
year with a course by the Principal of this College. And even
that does not exhaust the advantages which you bestow. For
already this day there has been foretold to us the appointment of
a Hibbert Lecturer in Ecclesiastical History, which will place a
dear and trusted comrade at our side, whose special task it will
be to devote himself to the investigation of the origins of Christi-
anity, its Religious Life, Belief, and Institutions, and to the
modifications which they exhibit in the later thought and history
of our own country.

Ladies and Gentlemen, I have but one word more to say. You
have given us of your sympathy, you have given us of your money,
you have given us your support; you send us on our way with a
rich bounty of encouragement. But there is one thing more
which you must give us, or else these class-rooms will be
unpeopled, the teaching in this place will be void, and the suc-
cession of Ministers in the pulpits of the Free Churches will be
at least in dangerous peril. You have given us of your good-
will; give us also, O Fathers and Brethren of the Churches,
give us your young men.

 

During the evening there was an Organ Recital by
T. W. Donps, Esq., Mus.Doc., Organist of Queen’s College.
 
THE CHURCH ‘OF CHRIST.

 

A Sermon
Preached tn the College Chapel, on Sunday, October 29th,

By THE PRINCIPAL.

—_____+4—______.

‘Now ye are the body of Christ, and members in particular.’—
I. Corinthians xii., 27.
ON this, the first occasion of my addressing you in our new chapel,
my mind naturally turns to the consideration of the Church of
Christ; and I invite your attention to a few thoughts on its
nature and functions, and on our own position within it. Whether
Christ gave any precise instructions to his Apostles respecting
the formation and constitution of a church may well be doubted ;
and we cannot even be sure that he who taught that the kingdom
of God came not with observation, but worked like hidden leaven
or the buried seed, looked forward to a vast organised society of
disciples; and still less can we believe that he wished the silent
and humble force of godliness to be clothed with the trappings of
secular power, or his earthly representative to endeavour to subju-
gate all the kingdoms of the world and the glory of them to his
autocratic will. Nevertheless, a church, with all its possibilities
of good and evil, sprang inevitably out of the life and teaching of
Christ. Those who believed in him bore such a peculiar spiritual
mark, and were so drawn together by the sympathy of common
aspirations and by the pressure of common dangers, that they
could not help becoming a distinct society ; and as the duties and
needs of this society multiplied and called forth divergent tenden-
cies, the division of functions and the orderly subordination of an
organised system were necessarily adopted. Since that time the
Christian Church has existed; or, must we not rather say, a
number of Christian Churches? For schism after schism has rent
the body of Christ; and if with the spiritual eye we can discern
104 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

it in the wholeness of its heavenly symmetry, we behold with
the eye of the flesh only its disjointed and sickly limbs. In the
higher and unseen kingdom of Christian unity we claim our place,
and seek to form for ourselves, I trust with humble conscientious-
ness, a true picture of the Church of Christ.

We can hardly find a more appropriate figure than that
employed by St. Paul to describe the ideal character of the Church.
It is a body, of which Christ is the animating soul or spirit. He
is not merely the teacher who has laid down wise precepts for the
guidance of human conduct, nor the sage who has announced
important truths which we may individually accept, but he is the
head and leader of a great spiritual movement, which, so far as it
is true to the original impulse, is permeated by the same kindling
life, being constantly renovated through communion with the same
eternal Reality. Precepts may be mechanically obeyed ; dogmas
may be accepted without any intellectual or religious awakening ;
but we have not entered into the heart of the Christian movement
till precept and doctrine glow with an inner fire, and are felt as
the very substance of our own most spontaneous and original life.
Their power is due to the Spirit that lay behind them, and sent
them thrilling forth upon the world in tones which filled the
hearers with wonder; and though we cannot hear these tones in
their first utterance, yet their echoes linger around us, and the
Spirit is brought home to us through its manifestation in the
whole personality of Christ, through his deeds even more than
through his words. There is, so to speak, an expression in his life
considered as a whole, which, so far as I can judge, is quite unique
in its richness, beauty and force, and which, once seen, is treasured
as the soul’s hidden life and most luminous revelation. This
expression can never be patched together out of its detailed
features, because it depends upon their blended harmony, and on
subtle and suggestive lines of meaning which elude description;
yet, if seen but for an instant, it reveals a depth of truth and love
and power which ought to abide in his Church for ever, and still

to gleam with living radiance, like a reflected sunset glory, in the
faces of his disciples.
SERMON. 105

Now the Christian is he who is animated by this Spirit. St.
Paul says, ‘If a man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of
his;’ and the fourth Evangelist reports Christ’s own saying, ‘By
this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love
one to another. The Christian, then, is known, not by his profes-
sions or his associations, but by that same spiritual expression,
that peculiar quality and tone of life, which we have witnessed in
Christ. It may, of course, be mingled with lower elements, and
appear only as a plastic power, slowly changing by its acknow-
ledged sovereignty the lower nature which chafes against it; but
he who in his inmost worship lives in the Spirit, though in out-
ward act he may often fail to walk in it, yet bears the Christian
stamp, and is justified by his faith. Before this principle how
the dividing walls of the sects should crumble into ruins, and
bands of brothers march over them with mutual greeting! The
separations of dogma and ritual nowhere correspond with the
lines of spiritual judgment. Try men by the principles which
Christ himself laid down, and you will find in every sect men
whose Christianity is nothing but an arrogant and hollow coun-
terfeit, and you will meet also men whose heavenly mind makes
our human distinctions seem but the surface fret on the deep
ocean of our common life in God. These are the saints who walk
in robes of white, and come without number out of every kindred,
tongue, and nation.

It follows, then, that the Church of Christ is different from
any or all the sects. There is an invisible ideal of it to which
each sect, according to its faithfulness and its illumination,
endeavours to conform ; but none is so comprehensive as to leave
beyond its borders nothing but the outlying world of heresy and
heathenism, none is so pure as to exclude all but the loving and
true. The several churches are only members of a larger body,
and depend for their health and growth on the conscious recogni-
tion of their imperfection, and the fulness and freedom of their
communion with that richer life which, from its heavenly centre,
pulsates through the whole of the spiritual organism of society.
Nevertheless, it is practically true that the principle here
106 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

enunciated cannot be made the basis of organisation; for not
only would it require an intolerable ecclesiastical censorship to
determine, on grounds of religious character, who might claim to
be a member of the Church, but the very fact on which our
principle rests proves that the Christian spirit may be the central
and vital force amid surrounding conditions of belief and practice
which are so far inconsistent with one another as to necessitate
more or less of separation in our religious activity. The hand
and the foot, the eye and the ear, have each their indispensable
functions in the common life of the body; and disaster would
result equally from any attempt to confound them or to set up
one in a sovereign and independent position. Their value depends
at once on the clear precision with which they discharge their
appointed task, and on their humble submissiveness to a principle
larger than that which is apparent in their distinctive action. The
eye not only sees, and sees with effect proportioned to the excellence
of its own peculiar structure, but in the act of seeing it is mani-
festing that larger life of the conscious mind without which vision
would be impossible. So, when men, with their imperfect intel-
ligence and inherited tastes, associate for worship, they are
necessarily drawn together into distinct groups by their varying
convictions and preferences; and so long as these groups are
formed, not from vanity and self-will, but under the pressure of
a genuine spiritual impulse, I know not why they should not
fulfil in the life of the Church some needed function, to which
they are led by a wisdom higher and wider than our short-sighted
human purposes. But the danger is that we may become so
enamoured of our own peculiarities as to forget that larger life of
which they are only one manifestation, and so contract a narrow-
ness in our views and an injustice in our judgments, which will
introduce antagonism and bitterness where only love and the
honest rivalry of good works ought to prevail. In order to fulfil
worthily the very duty which we have in hand, we must extend
our sympathies far beyond the boundaries of our immediate
associations, and seek to absorb into ourselves more and more of
that Spirit which every sect acknowledges, and which remains
SERMON. 107

one and the same amid an endless diversity of operation and of
expression.

In the constitution and management of a particular church,
therefore, we must not only have regard to the beliefs which
compel us, however reluctantly, to separate ourselves from the
mass of our Christian brethren; but for the sake of these beliefs
themselves, that they may be armed with the power of God unto
salvation, we must be saturated with all that is best in the
common life of Christendom. Time will permit us only to glance
at these two aspects of a church; and we will look first at its
universal function.

If we endeavour to penetrate the inner meaning of Christ’s
spirit, and to interpret its immediate effect upon his followers, I
think we shall see that through his communion with God the
eternal life of love was brought in him to such a burning focus
that it radiated thence, and passed as a new redeeming force into
hearts that were not closed against it. Similarly the Church,
which, as a body quickened by his Spirit, seeks to perpetuate his
agency in a living and visible way, must, through worship,
continually drink in the eternal life which flows from God, and
pour it forth freely on mankind. Public worship is accordingly
the most prominent feature in all churches, and is rightly felt to
be the channel of their holiest influence. But what is worship ?
It is not the ritual, but the devoutness which sanctifies the ritual.
When Christ was alone upon the mountain, and only the solemn
voices of nature murmured around him,—when he bowed himself
in the garden, and only the vast dome of heaven rose above his
anguish—there was worship, the utter consecration of self, the
adoring and loving submission to a Will felt to be supremely
good. Perhaps our highest worship is always thus alone, in some
high moment of rapt vision, or some trial which rends the hollow
drapery of life and brings us face to face with its realities. Then
there is no form but the clasped hands, and the lifted eyes, and
the trembling lips.

But besides this solitary worship, when each heart has its own
secret, we are impelled also, as members of one spiritual family,
108 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

to bow down together and pay the tribute of a common devotion.
We would breathe forth a gratitude which all should feel, and
seek relief for universal needs, and catch a mutual flame from the
united aspiration of many souls; and thus we would deepen our
sense of brotherhood as children of the same Father. This
common prayer requires some recognised form; and with the
adoption of a form differences inevitably arise. Some prefer the
austere simplicity of the Puritan, others the gorgeous symbolism
of the Catholic. Both may be genuine utterances of the human
soul, and he who cares most for the hidden fountains whence
worship flows will be the most tolerant; but both have their
dangers and their limitations, and either may sink into a lifeless
formality, which represents only a departed spirit, and brings no
grace to those who engage in it. Now the primary duty of a
church in this respect is to make its worship real. It must
struggle against the tendency to formalism which is continually
created under the crushing influence of habit and routine. It
must perpetuate the revelation of the Father, on which all
Christian worship ultimately rests, and make his love felt as a
living and present reality. It is not the form that is acceptable
to God, but the worship in spirit and in truth, the humble sense
of our need, the readiness to receive whatever of truth or goodness
God in his wisdom may be pleased to send, the surrender of mind
and heart and will to the holy Lord of our lives.

What a burden, then, is laid upon the ministry of a Church;
for it is the chief agency through which this living influence must
flow. The minister must be familiar with the unseen temple
where are lonely communings with God, if he would come with
inward glow to lead the devotions of his people, and lift men out
of the rut of a dead conformity to usage. But it is for you, dear
friends, to see that you do not lay too great a burden on the
minister. To him, bound as he is to conduct the service whatever
may be his spiritual mood, the temptation must be greatest to
stiffen under the chill of an exacted ritual, and he may often
require the earnest sympathy of expectant worshippers to thaw
the coldness in his heart, and liberate the imprisoned waters of
SERMON. 109

life. You, too, must come with heart and mind prepared, reverently
seeking for higher strength and wisdom, and not with listless
vacuity, wishing only that everything may be as short as decency
will permit, as though public worship were a necessary nuisance
which the folly of heaven has imposed on the superior wisdom of
mankind. The growth of the latter spirit could indicate nothing
but a religious decay, which would find St. Paul tedious and St.
John insipid; and if you desire your church to live, so that a
stranger coming among you will feel that God is in you of a truth,
then you must all be as anointed priests, assembled, under the
inspiration of secret prayer, to offer up spiritual sacrifices. Then
it will be a holy and honourable delight to meditate and pray
together, and you will receive nourishment for your deepest life,
and so be prepared for the next great duty of a Church—the
transmission of the divine life to the world.

For what was the source of Christ’s redeeming power in society ?
Only to a very limited extent did it consist of his teaching; for
the divine rule of duty had been graven on men’s consciences
long before the Sermon on the Mount was spoken, and it was not
ignorance, but sin, that ailed them. An enunciation of the true
laws of spiritual life is useful, in order to enlighten the judgment,
or even to remind men of what they already know; but by itself
it does not warm the heart or fortify the will. It was not what
Christ said, but what he was, that made his disciples regard him
as their Saviour. Word and deed are but forms wrought by the
unseen spirit, and there is the secret of their feebleness or their
power. It was the might of divine love glowing through word
and deed that clad them with authority, and made them piercing
messengers of truth to every conscience that was not seared. But
what was ultimately the conquering force of this love? Was it
not the visible proof of its absolute disinterestedness? It is self-
denial that reaches the convictions of men, and overcomes all but
the most cynical scepticism; and thus it was the cross that was
borne with such life-giving victory into the midst of a corrupt
society, and made men start with a new consciousness that they
might be clad with the righteousness of God. The self-sacrifice
110 MANCHESTER COLLEGE,

of love is the saving power which Christianity offers to the world;
and it is only so far as the Church has incorporated this love, and
its members are prepared to make large sacrifices for the good of
mankind, that it stands really on the side of Christ, and may take
his name without a blush. It may rattle for ever the dry bones
of moral precepts, and talk luxurious platitudes about its beautiful
faith, and the world will only stand by and laugh at the grinning
skeleton. We must be filled with the life of God if we would
give life to our brethren; and this is the great social duty of
Christ’s Church, to sweeten the inward springs of individual life,
and give health to that creative force out of which all social
institutions arise. We must, of necessity, have the machinery of
government, laws, franchise, education, property, trade, relief of
the poor and the sick ; and all honour to the men who earnestly
plan the best construction for this machinery, and labour for the
realisation of their philanthropic schemes. To these things no
humane person can be indifferent. Nevertheless, the Church must
not abdicate its function of looking beneath all this machinery,
and finding at once its ultimate motive power and its ultimate
value in the life of individual souls. If the rot of selfishness is
gnawing the heart of society, no machinery will save it; it will, at
most, procure a little longer time in which selfishness may riot
with a yet deeper corruption. On the other hand, if the love,
which I can adequately describe only as the love of Christ, were
the fountain of our national life, penetrating all orders of society,
the terrible evils which lie with such a burden of reproach on the
conscience, and of perplexity on the intellect of to-day, would
melt away of themselves like a morning mist. It is for the Church
to pour forth this higher Spirit on mankind ; but it cannot do so
through dead formule, or through institutions which have lost the
beneficent impulse that gave them birth. It can give only what
it has received in communion with God, and a heart full of
heavenly love must beat at the centre of every agency which is to
reach the sources of human sin and woe. Alas! for us if we are
losing our faith in these high realities, for if the salt of our
country have lost its savour, wherewith shall it be seasoned ?
SERMON. 111

In the practical carrying out of these principles there is,
happily, room for a far larger combination of separate churches
than has yet been found possible in our worship. Members of all
sects can meet together on the broad platform of humanity ; and
they are beginning to find, with mutual surprise, that they are
moved by the same Spirit, and are working in obedience to the
same divine Leader. There are some agencies, no doubt, which
are best conducted through the energy of a single congregation,
and others which can be harmoniously managed through the
united efforts only of congregations which are bound to one
another through some special tie; but wherever it is practicable
to carry on philanthropic enterprise without regard to our
ecclesiastical distinctions, I think it is most desirable to do go, not
only in order to promote our fraternal union, but for the sake of
economy and efficiency. The particular church that we frequent
ought to supply us with inspiration, and refresh our weary
souls with the vision of God, and then send us forth to do
our duty as men and citizens and brothers in the world’s
open field, to work with all who will work with us in
promoting the common good, striving only who shall be most
Christ-like in the purity of his honour, the largeness of his
charity, and the simple earnestness of his self-devotion. It is in
this practical application of our faith that we find our deep-lying
unity, and, relieved from the harsh jangle of jealous ecclesiastics,
perceive that amid all our differences we revere the same divine
beauty of character, and sigh for the same ideal life.

But now, turning from the universal aspect of the Church, we
must ask what is our special position and duty in the religious
commonwealth? We are but a small band of men, separated,
sorely against our desire, from fellowship with the great mass
of the Christian community. The churches from which the
supporters of our College are almost wholly drawn, and to the
ministry of which the great majority of our students repair,
originated to a large extent in protest against the attempt to
enforce an artificial uniformity, and to dictate to the Holy Spirit
of God in what words alone He should be permitted to speak, and
112 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

in what channels alone his grace should be permitted to flow.
Our forefathers were simple-minded men, who thought that it
was worth while, nay, that it was simply honourable, to suffer on
behalf of principle, and had not yet discovered that it was a silly
crotchet to make a stand for liberty of prophesying at the risk of
losing their practical usefulness. Some may still think that they
were wise and far-seeing men, who perceived that practical use-
fulness was a very small and temporary affair compared with the
maintenance of great principles, and that they might trust the
results to God, if they themselves cared for nothing but the
present duty. So, when the Act of Uniformity was passed, they
recorded their protest by leaving their churches, and went forth
in faith, to be led like Abraham towards an unknown destiny. I
say that it is a grand and a solemn responsibility to be the heirs
of these men, and that no distinctive duty can be higher than
that which we have thus inherited, to tell the world that the
Holy Spirit is not and will not be bound, that where the Spirit
of the Lord is there is liberty, and that to attempt to tie it up in
a theological formula, or in an unchangeable ritual, is as fatuous
as to build a wall of sand against the flowing tide, and order the
ocean to forget the heavenly attraction, and stay its billows
within this crumbling barrier.

In the enjoyment of the freedom which we have inherited
from our forefathers, we have reached a theological position
widely different from theirs. We have thus practically learned
that a church may preserve its identity while its theology under-
goes such changes as the progress of knowledge and of thought
may require. Hence arises our second message to the world, that
the basis of a church is something deeper than a system of
theology, and that, therefore, the theology which flows out of this
deeper fountain ought to be undogmatie, that is, that it ought not
to be imposed by authority as a test of membership in the church.
It is sometimes said that such a theology must be too hazy and
indistinct to be of any practical value. The charge is founded, I
think, on a failure to discriminate the individual from the com-
munity. Each individual may have his theology as sharp and
SERMON. 113

clearly defined as he pleases; but where a theological system is
not maintained by authority, and men hold sharply defined con-
victions of their own, there must be a considerable variety of
opinion ; and if you superimpose on one another several systems
which, however substantially ahke, yet differ in their outer
margins, the resulting outline must necessarily be blurred and
vague. But is this a disadvantage to a church? Does it not
secure for it the largest practicable variety of mental tendency, of
original thought, and of spiritual tone, and thus add to the
richness of its life, the catholicity of its communion, and the
sincerity of its profession? And may it not teach us that our
faith must rest, not in a creed, but in the living God, whose word
still speaks to human souls, and whose love still blesses human
hearts? If this be so, the testimony which we bear to what we
consider to be a more enlightened theology must be borne with a
due sense of our intellectual and spiritual limitations, and with a
tender and appreciative respect towards those from whom we
differ. Our theology expresses our highest thought to-day, but
we know not what messages we may yet receive from the Spirit,
and we must not bind upon the churches of the free that measure
of revelation which has been vouchsafed to ourselves. For my
part, I hope that the future of these churches will be more
glorious than their past; that men of larger faith, and clearer
vision, and holier consecration, will walk within them; and that
they will not need to teach every man his brother, because the
Lord God himself and the Lamb will be the light of all hearts.

To these great ends, then, let us once more dedicate this
Church as a member of the body of Christ: to the worship of the
Father in spirit and in truth; to brotherly love, active in all
beneficent works; to the communion of the Holy Spirit—wider
and stronger than all our intellectual separations ; and to truth,
rising like the all-embracing sky, above every sectarian name.
Then it will be, according to Paul’s ideal of the church at Corinth,
a ‘Church of God,’ quickened and illumined with the ‘mind of
Christ.’

I
 

 

APPEN DIX,

—>—

A.—LETTERS.

B.—PUBLIC MEETING AT MANCHESTER.
C.—ADDRESSES, &c.

D.—GIFT OF COMMUNION PLATE.
£.—DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING.

f.—THE ANCESTRY OF MANCHESTER COLLEGE.
G.—LIST OF PERSONS PRESENT.

H.—DONORS.

 

 
APPENDIX. 117

A.—LETTERS.

The late MASTER oF BALLIOL,
‘BaLuioL Coutece, June 7th, 1898.

‘I shall be happy to accept your kind invitation to be present at
the opening of Manchester New College. Iam no speaker, but if you
wish me to do so, I shall be willing to propose the toast of the College.’

 

The Right Hon. the Earl of CaRrLIsLE,—
‘NawortH Castiz, October 15th, 1898.

‘I am exceedingly sorry I shall not be able to go to the opening of
Manchester College on the 18th. I fully intended to be there, and
looked forward with pleasure to the gathering; but some unforseen
business makes it impossible for me to go South this week.

I was in Oxford the other day, and saw the new building, which’ I
admired greatly. I viewed it critically, as one of the most interesting
and characteristic views of Oxford is from the ground beyond it, and a
poor or ugly building would have been fatal; but it seemed to me to
be quite worthy of its surroundings. I shall look forward to visiting
the College later. I am sure that it must be a great satisfaction to all
who are interested in the institution to see their undertaking so beauti-

fully carried out.’

The Right Hon. Jamzs Brycez, M.P., D.C.L., Chancellor of the
Duchy of Lancaster ; late Regius Professor of Civil Law,

Oxford,—
‘October 11th, 1893.

‘As I do not expect to return to England for two or three weeks,
I cannot, to my sincere regret, have the pleasure of being with you at
the opening of your new buildings next week. The occasion is one of
great interest. Although no longer officially connected with the Uni-
versity, I may perhaps, as one of those who worked for the abolition of
118 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

tests twenty-five years ago, and who have since striven for other reforms
calculated to make the two ancient Universities more generally accessible
and useful to the nation, venture to express the satisfaction with which
they see that Oxford is more and more drawing to herself the repre-
sentatives of eminent schools of philosophical and religious thought
formerly excluded from her bounds, and is becoming the seat of such
institutions as Manchester New College and Mansfield College, in which
the best traditions of those schools are worthily maintained. It is
hardly less gain for the University to become the dwelling-place of
such institutions, working peaceably side by side with the Theological
Faculty of the Established Church, than it is a gain for the clergy of the
unestablished Churches to receive their education under the shadow of
our venerable walls, and amid those ennobling influences which Oxford
is so well fitted to inspire. Heartily wishing to your College a long
career of prosperity and usefulness in its new abode,—I am, &e.’

The Rev. JosepH FrrEncz, Bishop of the Unitarian Churches
in Hungary,—
‘Konozsvar, Huneary, April 17th, 1893.

‘T received, with grateful thanks, your very kind letter, in which you
are inviting us to the opening of the new building of Manchester New
College, Oxford. . . . I shall present the matter to the Repre-
sentative Consistory. I am very sorry to say that, for the sake of my
poor health, I cannot promise to go, although it would be my fervent
desire to be present at that remarkable festival, but I shall take care of
sending a deputation ; for we, also, feel a deep gratitude towards that
institution, and we look to it with fair hope in the future, too.’

 

Dr. OTTo PFLEIDERER, Professor of Theology in the University
of Berlin,—
LicutEerFEeLpg, 18 Apr., 1898.
i Leider wird es mir nicht méglich sein, zu dem
Einweihungsfest Ihres Colleges persdnlich zu erscheinen, da ich im
December nach Edinburg zu den Gifford-Lectures kommen muss, Ich

kann Sie nur aus der Ferne meiner lebhaften Theilnahme versichern
APPENDIX. 119

und der Hoffnung Ausdruck geben, dass Ihre Anstalt fernerhin im
Geiste der freien Theologie, wie sie der ehrwiirdige Martineau so
rihmlich vertritt, werken modge. Die riumliche Verbindung mit der
alten Universitit wird eine fiir beide Theile heilsame Wechselwirkung
erzeugen und Ihrem Einfluss auf die gebildete Jugend Englands einen
weiteren Spielraum erdffnen.’

Dr. H. Oort, Professor of Theology in the University of
Leiden,—
‘Leipen, September 22nd, 1893.

‘I very much regret having to decline the honourable invitation of
the Committee of Manchester College, Oxford, to be present at the
opening of the new College building. I should have liked to accept it, but
towards the middle of October I shall have begun my autumnal course
of lectures, and it would not do to suspend them for a week. I am
extremely sorry, because I would have been glad to avail myself of this
opportunity to show your College, which I hope will be entering on a
new prosperous life, the interest I take init. . . . My best wishes
for the success of the great festivity.’

Dr. C. P. TIELE, Professor of the History of Religions in the
University of Leiden,—
‘Leen, April 14th, 1898.

‘I feel much honoured by your cordial invitation to the opening of

Manchester New College, Oxford . . . and if I can get leave in
the beginning of the term, I hope to be able to be present at the
ceremony. . . . Free teaching and free learning of Theology, the

scope for which your College is founded, has my heartfelt sympathy.’

Dr. ALBERT REVILLE, Professor in the Collége de France,
Paris,—
‘Paris, 11 Avril 1898.
« . . . Je me sens trés honoré de Vinvitation cordiale que
vous m’ adressez de venir en Octobre prendre part aux solennités de
Pinauguration. Ce serait pour moi un trés grand plaisir. Toutefois je
120 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

n’ose, & cette distance, vous promettre que je serai des vétres. Des
engagements anterieurs et des raisons de santé me rendront, je le crains,
le voyage materiellement impossible. Toutefois je ne veux pas répondre
par un refus net & votre toute aimable invitation. Je vous demande
seulement la permission d’ajourner ma réponse définitive.’

Count GOBLET D’ALVIELLA, Professor of the History of
Religions in the University of Brussels,— ,

‘Brusseis, April 19th, 1898.

‘T have been much pleased to learn, from your letter, the completion
of the buildings devoted to Manchester New College. The establish-
ment at Oxford of a College dedicated to liberal Theology will be a great
event, which must fill with satisfaction and hope all friends of rational
and progressive religion. . . . I shall never forget the hospitality
I received (from the College) in its provisional quarters, when I went to
Oxford to deliver the Hibbert Lectures of 1891, and, especially, the
kindness shown me by the principal members of its staff. I should like
nothing better than to accept your invitation and be present at the
opening of the new building in October next, but I am afraid circum-
stances will prevent me from going to England towards that time.’

President Cary, Meadville Theological School, U.S.A..—
‘MEapvILLE, Pa., May 27th, 1898.

‘While it would give me great pleasure to share in so interesting
an occasion, and while I would gladly make some sacrifice of convenience
to do so, a concurrence of unfavourable conditions leaves me no reason
to hope that I can be absent from home at that time. It is equally
doubtful at present whether our Institution can be represented upon
the occasion hy some other than myself,—yet I am not altogether
without hope that this may be the case. The establishment of Man-
chester New College at Oxford, and the erection of such a building for
its accommodation, is an event of no small significance in its bearing
upon the nurture and propagation of free and untrammelled religious
thought ; and it will be a cause of regret to the officers of the Meadville
APPENDIX. 121

School if they shall be unable to show, by the personal presence of
some one of their number at the formal opening of the building, their
high appreciation of the labours of those who have been instrumental
in advancing the College to its present height of prosperity.’

[TeLzeRam, October 17th, 1898.]

‘Meadville congratulates Manchester on its new birth——Grorez
L. Cary.’

Water J. Evans, Esq., M.A. (Oxon.), Principal of the
Presbyterian College, Carmarthen,—
‘CARMARTHEN, October 9th, 1898.

‘Accept my best thanks for the various invitations you have kindly
sent me. I should have liked to attend the interesting function you
announce, but I could not do so without much inconvenience to myself
and others, and I must regretfully ask to be excused. Carmarthen
College will be happily represented by the Rev. T. L. Marshall, the
Secretary of the Presbyterian Board.’

Letters and telegrams, expressing regret at inability to attend
and good wishes for the College, were received from Professor
FRouDE (Oxford), Professor ODLING (Oxford), Emeritus Professor
F. W. Newman, President Exior (Harvard), Rev. J. H. THom
(Liverpool), Mr. R. D. Darsisutre (Manchester), and others.

 

Fe
122 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

B.—PUBLIC MEETING IN THE FREE TRADE
HALL, MANCHESTER.

THE Meeting to which allusion is made by the Warden of Merton
was held on Friday, April 6th, 1866, and had for its object the
adoption of petitions to both Houses of Parliament for the abolition
of Tests at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Thomas
Bazley, Esq., M.P., was the Chairman; and the following Resolu-
tions were carried :—

Moved by the Rev. F. Tempie, D.D., Head Master of Rugby
School; seconded by Jacos Bricut, Esq.; and supported by the
Hon. GEORGE C. Broprick, M.A., Fellow of Merton College,
Oxford :

That the admission of all Englishmen, without distinction of creed,
to the full benefits and honours of the national universities,
their ancient heritage, would advance learning and liberal
education, promote the unity of the nation, strengthen the
attachment of its citizens to its great institutions, and extend
the influence of the universities themselves; and that while,
like all measures of peace and justice, it would allay religious
bitterness and soften religious divisions, it would in no way
cast doubt on the value of religious truth, or diminish the real
influence of religion.

Moved by WitLiaM Grawam, Esq., M.P.; seconded by the
Rev. W. C. Sipewick, M.A., Fellow and Senior Tutor of Merton
College, Oxford; supported by the Rev. Joun Hamitton THom:

That, acknowledging the advantage which has attended a partial
emancipation of the universities from exclusive tests, and a
partial restoration of their national character, and of their
active interest in the education of the whole nation, this
meeting regards the further emancipation of the great national
schools of learning as an object of national concern, and wishes
to invite all denominations and classes of the people, and
APPENDIX. 123

especially those who are most interested in learning, science,
and education, to unite in cordial support of the measures now
in parliament for effecting this object.

Moved by Joun Kinastey, Esq.; seconded by the Rev. CHARLES
BEARD, B.A. :

That petitions be presented to both houses of parliament, and that
they be signed by the Chairman on behalf of this meeting ;
that the petition to the House of Lords be presented by Lord
Houghton ; and that to the House of Commons be presented
by the Right Honourable E. P. Bouverie, M.P.; and that the
members for the southern division of the county of Lancaster
and its boroughs be requested to support the same.

The part taken in the proceedings by those so well qualified
to represent the principles of Manchester New College as the
Rev. J. H. Thom and the late Rev. Charles Beard (one of the
Secretaries of the College, his colleague, Mr. R. D. Darbishire, being
Secretary of the Meeting), might well warrant the insertion in
this place of larger extracts from the ‘Report’ of Speeches’
(Longmans, 1866). Many will, however, feel that the speech
delivered by Mr. Beard may, with special appropriateness, be
included in this volume, as giving expression to many of those
considerations which led him earnestly to advocate the removal
of Manchester New College to Oxford, and which have largely
influenced those who, since his lamented death, have been enabled
to carry it into effect :—

The Rev. Cartes Brarp rose to second the resolution. He said:
I should not trouble you with any remarks of mine at this late period
of the evening, did I not feel that the position in which I stand to this
matter has been imperfectly represented, and the patience of the meeting
to-night a little one-sided. We have listened to long and able speeches
from members of the University of Oxford. I am myself a Noncon-
formist ; I have been shut out from Oxford by the operation of the
tests to which allusion has been made, and I therefore think that, late
as it is, I may ask you to hear from me—and I promise you that it
shall be brief—a frank Nonconformist view of this question, Sir, I
am old enough and young enough to have felt a wrong in this matter.
I say that I am young enough, because I suppose our fathers—I mean
124 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

our Nonconformist fathers—gave up, as impracticable, the idea of going
to the national universities, and proceeded in search of education to
Edinburgh and Glasgow, where our Scotch friends, of whom we are
accustomed to think as more under the influence of religious exclusive-
ness than ourselves, had at least set an example of liberality and good
sense, by keeping their universities free from tests. And I say that I
am old enough, for some twenty years ago, when my turn came to
receive a university education, I saw the dawn of a more liberal feeling
in the universities of England; and I felt that I was greatly wronged
in being obliged to resort to a famous foreign university for the hospi-
tality denied me at home, and to tell the men at whose feet I sat that
not merely their European celebrity had drawn me to them, but that I
was compelled to go abroad, to find that instruction which the ancient
and venerable institutions of my own country had not to give to such as
me. I differ from some of my friends on the platform in regard to the
use which the Nonconformists will make of this concession if it is
granted to them. In the first place, education at Oxford is, let me tell
them, expensive, and as the Established Church is very strong among
the wealthier classes, the number of Nonconformists who can afford to
give their sons an university education is comparatively few. But I
think, also, that many Nonconformists, to whom their Nonconformity
isa matter of conscience, deeply affecting all the interests of their life,
will hesitate ere they trust their sons to the great fascinations of the
University of Oxford. They will hesitate ere they send their sons to a
place where all the highest and best influence of the Church of England
is concentrated into one focus; where everything that can move the
intellect or touch the imagination of man is brought to bear ; and where
they would be thrown into the company of young men, for the most
part equal or superior to them in station, who would be inclined to look
upon a Nonconformist as a rare and curious animal, which they had
often heard of, but had never seen before. But this is not my own
feeling. I have a son, and I will frankly tell you, that I intend him to
go if the vast question of expense can be got over. Why is this?
Because I happen to be a Nonconformist, not because I like it, but
because I cannot help it; not because I conscientiously separate myself
from the Church, but because the Church, two hundred years ago,
turned my fathers out, and will not now let me in. And I confess,
though I know that this is not the sentiment of a large class of Non-
APPENDIX. 125

conformists, that I value our common Christianity more than my own
ecclesiastical isolation. I ask, then, for this boon at the hands of
Parliament. I ask that it shall be frankly conceded by the Church,
because I believe that it will cost the Church almost nothing to give, yet
will be an inestimable benefit to us. I claim the privilege for myself,
for my children ; first, because I believe we have a legal and a moral right
to endowments and advantages, given not for the Church, not for any
particular sect or class, but for the entire English nation, I claim it in
the second place, because I wish to put my child in the midst of the
strongest current of English religious and social life. And I claim it,
lastly, because it would be a gift which the Church, which the University,
which Parliament could give, and which would, more than any other,
remove the heart-burnings and the animosity which now so unhappily
exist. Well, Sir, in the next place, we have been told, over and over
again, that if Nonconformists were introduced into the universities, the
calm which pervaded the place would be disturbed, that the studies in
which men had engaged uninterruptedly in the pursuit of truth, would
give way to religious and theological contentions, and all at once discord
would take the place of harmony. When I read such arguments, I
cannot help thinking, ‘what on earth do these people take Oxford to
be?’ I admit that during the last century Oxford was fast asleep—
that it was a place where, if report may be’ trusted, Fellows thought
more of the quality of port wine than of the quality of Theology — and
that the only occasion on which the University awoke to a little life
was when it found out that John Wesley had too much life for it, and
so summarily cast him out. But can it be possible to look at the course
of events during the present century and to use such an argument!
Am I awake, or am I dreaming, when I imagine that the Anglo-Catholic
movement had its origin, and was centred throughout its whole course,
in Oxford? Am I awake, or am I dreaming, when I imagine that the
opposite movement—the reaction—the Broad Church movement, also
had its cradle in Oxford? Was itfrom Oxford that the most sensational
theological work of modern times, ‘ Essays and Reviews,’ proceeded ?
Is it, or is it not a fact, that at the present moment, Young Oxford
groups itself round leaders of opposite tendencies in philosophy and
religion—on the one side Professor Jowett, on the other Professor
Mansel? I don’t say these things in irony, for I rejoice from the
bottom of my heart that Oxford is assuming her legitimate position as
126 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

the centre and main spring of national thought. But are we really to
be told that after this—after all these quarrels and heart-burnings—
after Dr. Newman has gone to Rome on the one side, and when on the
other the leaders of liberal Theology are to be found in Oxford at the
present moment ; when these things are debated in every common room,
and made the subject of the conversation of undergraduates ; in the face
of this do they mean to tell us that the admission of a few score of
Nonconformist lads, or possibly, the introduction into the colleges of
half-a-dozen Nonconformist Fellows, will change this happy family into
a scene of discord? In the last place, we have heard a good deal
to-night about the application of tests, and it has been well said that
tests admitted the careless and thoughtless, and kept out only the
thoughtful and the conscientious. But I think that this part of the
subject is capable of being put in even a stronger light than that in which
it has yet been presented. A great deal that we have heard to-night goes
upon the supposition that a university is a place of education and
nothing more. But it appears to me that a university has two great
functions, and that the education of the young is only one of these. If
this were all, what, I may ask, is the object of the numerous and richly-
endowed fellowships, professorships, and headships which are to be
found there—by no means all the holders of which are engaged in the
work of teaching? There is, then, another function of a university—
which all universities fulfil only imperfectly—the pursuit and the
investigation of truth. We look for a perpetually brighter light to
break from the universities, for there, almost alone, are to be found a
class of men, prepared by the finest education which the national
resources can give them, to whom benevolent founders have secured a
sufficient income, and a learned leisure apart from the distractions of
life—and from whom, if from anyone, we expect fresh advances in
science, in historical and theological lore. Let me put a case which has
occurred more than once during the last few years. Some young Scotch-
man, the son of a Presbyterian minister, is sent first for preparatory
study to Edinburgh or Glasgow, and thence, because he shows signs
of proficiency in mathematical studies, to Cambridge. Knowing that
his father is making terrible sacrifices to keep him there—he reads early
and late—he gets a scholarship—this or that college prize ; and, at last,
it may be, comes out senior wrangler. If he were a Churchmai, he
would, of course, go in for his fellowship, at Trinity, or St. John’s, or
APPENDIX. 127

some other college of the first rank ; the examination would be easy to
him.—his fellowship would be followed by a tutorship—a senior wrangler
would never want for pupils, and the future would be bright with hope.
But because that young man has, in the solitude of his father’s manse,
been trained to the conscientious consideration of religious questions ;
because he cannot receive, it may be, the doctrine of baptismal regenera-
tion, or, with the example of home before him, will not believe that
none but an episcopally-ordained minister can be an acceptable servant
of Christ, he resigns the splendid prize at the moment when it is within
his grasp, and goes out to the world a free man. I pity the university
which has rejected him, for these are the men whom the university
wants. The examination through which he has triumphantly passed
proves that he has the intellectual abilities which are requisite for the
pursuit of truth, but his withdrawal from the university shows that he
has moral qualities, which for the same purpose are even more valuable.
Yet these are the very men who are rejected by the application of tests,
while the ignorant, the hypocritical, and the thoughtless take every test,
and laugh at every test, with impartial indifference.
128 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

C—ADDRESSES anp RESOLUTIONS or CONGRATULATION.

(1) Harvarp UNIVERSITY.

The following letter, inscribed on vellum, was presented
by the Rev. Professor EVERETT :—

Universitas Harvarpiana Novo Conuzcio
MancuniEns! Oxon.
8. D.

Str recte dicitur Liserratis nomine nihil esse auditu dulcius, sane haud
quicquam est in quo magis libertas cupienda est quam in studiis
Reigronis et in cognitione earum rerum sempiternarum quibus cognitis
levamur superstitione, bona spe fruimur, liberamur mortis metu. Et
penitus haec intellegebat vir ille pia memoria dignissimus qui abhine
paulo amplius annos ducentos parvae scholae fundamenta posuit a
quibus exiguis perductum initiis Conlegium vestrum, duce eadem
cogitationis libertate, et constantiae et fidelitatis fructum nunc capit.
His enim diebus in domum novam e vetere migratis aedificatam in ea
urbe quam maioribus vestris, nisi in quandam servitutem mentis
redactis, habitare non licuit; sed tamen ut in vetere sic in hac nova
domicilium suum habebit eadem libertas. Gaudemus igitur nos quoque
fortuna vestra, et decet gaudere; sic enim maiores nostri dilexerunt
libertatem illam ut domo profugi his in locis eo tempore silvestribus et
incultis sedem quaesierint in qua liberae essent suae cuique cogitationes
atque studia. Nobis autem posteris suis multa et bona exempla
prodiderunt, ex quibus maxima haec habemus, omnia ad conscientiam
referre, in omnibus rebus Veritatem neque opinionem regpicere. Stat
igitur in scuto nostro inscripta illa VeRITas quam unicam dominam nos
aeque vobiscum sequimur, Tv dAjOeav dp Fs oddels TH rore EBAGBy.
Itaque vobis hoc artissimo vinculo nobiscum coniunctis quia non
omnes adesse possumus has ferias concelebraturi legavimus e nostro
numero virum apud nos carissimum Carolum Carroll Everett, Sacrosanctae
Theologiae professorem et Ordinis Theologici decanum, qui nostro
nomine vobis felicitatem vestram gratuletur. Ht precamur ut vobis
liceat viam quam institistis prospere tenere ; nondum enim, ut aiunt,
occupata est Veritas; multum ex illa etiam futuris relictum est. Valete.

D. Cantabrigiae a. d. xviii. Cal. Oct. a. clo. 19. CCC» LXXXXII.

CaroLus Guin. Exior
Seal Praeses.
APPENDIX. 129

(2) Huncarian CHURCHES.

The Rev. Satomon Cs1ré was the bearer of the following
letters :—

From the Consistory or Taz Huneartan Unirarrans,
To the TrusteEs or MancHrster CoLuece, OXxrForD.

Tae Hungarian Unitarians congratulate you most heartily on the
oceasion of the opening of Manchester College. It is no doubt that
this is the greatest achievement reached during the long and glorious
course of your College.

We know fully well, since we are personal witnesses of it now more
than thirty-two years, through our young men who studied there, that
Manchester New College was unequalled in its principles of freely
imparting theological knowledge to all those who entered it.

We know that the College had an exceedingly great influence in
promoting free inquiry in the studies of Theology and Philosophy.
The College has always had that rare fortune to have for professors the
most distinguished scholars, of whom it is enough to recall the honoured
names of Wellbeloved, John Kenrick, John James Tayler, and Dr.
James Martineau.

We are convinced that in the new situation and under its own
roof, the College shall begin now a new epoch, and shall doa great deal
of good, since now she will not have to fight against the prejudices of
age and men. It seems that time has come when the search after truth
is acknowledged as a common claim of all men, and this shall not be
any longer hindered either by denominational or other sectarian barriers.

We do most sincerely wish that your College may go on flourishing
from age to age.

Herewith we recommend to you our Deputy, Mr. 8. Csifé, whom
we send to you to express in living words, also, our congratulation on
this grand occasion.

With best regards and sincere good wishes, we remain,

Most truly yours,

JosepH Frrencz,
Bishop of the Unitarian Churches in Hungary.

Gzoraz Boros, Secretary.
Kolozsvar, 1898, Okt. 6.
130 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

To the TREASURER OF MancHEster CoLLecE, OXFORD.

Dear Sir,

The late Students of Manchester New College wish to
express their gratitude and indebtedness towards that good old Institu-
tion at the occasion of the opening of the new building of Manchester
College: and, as a small and insignificant token of it, they send you
the enclosed sum.

With best regards we remain, in the name of the late Students of
Manchester New College,

Yours truly,

Grecory Benczinr.
GeorcE Boros.
Kolozsudr, Hungary, Oktober 6.

(3) Tue Hissert TRUST.

RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE HIBBERT TRUSTEES, AT THEIR MEETING
on THE 20TH JuNE, 1893,

That the Trustees of Mr. Robert Hibbert’s foundation, at their
Meeting of the 20th June, 1893, present to the Trustees and Committee
of Management of Manchester New College their cordial congratulations
on the occasion of the establishment of the College, with its Chapel, in
buildings of its own at Oxford, and on the institution within the
precincts of the University of systematic instruction and study in
Theology, avowedly and sincerely free from dogmatic preconceptions
and obligations, and of the exercise of religion in its simplest and most
intelligible form, free from all fetters of ecclesiastical tradition and
prescription.

That Messrs. Thomas Ashton, J. 8. Ainsworth, Sir J. C. Lawrence,
Messrs. Lawrence, Murch, Blake Odgers, Paget, and Warren be requested
to attend as a deputation to represent the Trustees on the occasion of
the opening of the College, in October next.

Signed, on behalf of the Trustees,

P. H. Lawrences, Chairman.
P. Lawrorp, Secretary.
APPENDIX. 131

(4) THE PRESBYTERIAN Boar.

To the SrcruTaRies of Mancuester CoLLEGe, OxFoRD.
October Srd, 1898.

Dear Sirs,
At a Meeting of the Presbyterian Board, held on October 2nd,
at Dr. Williams’s Library, your invitation was presented. . . . I

am instructed to inform you that the undersigned, the Secretary, was
appointed representative of the Board at the forthcoming proceedings
on the opening of the new College Buildings at Oxford.

The Presbyterian College at Carmarthen, which has sent its students
from time to time to Manchester New College, was founded and is now
governed by this Board, on the principle of perfectly open Trust, and
the unrestricted admission of students of all denominations who can
pass its entrance examination. It is on account of the kindred principles
and common aims that characterise both Carmarthen College and
Manchester College that the Presbyterian Board gladly embrace the
opportunity now presented to them of sending an official representative
to your opening proceedings, on October 18th and 19th.

I remain,
Yours respectfully,
Tuos. L. Marsnatt,
Secretary.

(5) Cross STREET CHAPEL, MANCHESTER.
The following Resolution was communicated to the College
Committee :—

The Trustees and Committee of Cross Street Chapel, Manchester,
offer to the Committee and Trustees of Manchester College their earnest
congratulations on the occasion of the settlement of the College in
buildings of its own at Oxford, and in the practical establishment,
within the precincts of the University, of Teaching and Study of
Theology and the practice of Religious Worship alike free from any
imposition of dogmatic obligation ; and request the Rev. E. P. Barrow,
M.A,, the Rev. S. A. Steinthal, the Chairman of the Trustees (Mr. 8.
B. Worthington), and Mr. G. W. Rayner Wood, to be a deputation to
attend the opening celebrations in October next,
132 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

(6) Catro STREET CHAPEL, WARRINGTON.

To the TEACHERS AND TRUSTEES OF MANCHESTER CoLLEGE, OXFORD.

GENTLEMEN,
In the name of the old Nonconformist Congregation in

Warrington, now assembling for worship in Cairo Street Chapel, we
desire to express to you our heartfelt congratulations on the opening of
this handsome building, the successor of a humbler Home of Learning
on the banks of the Mersey. To us it is not without interest to remember
that it is through the Warrington Academy that you trace your proud
descent from the first Pioneers of Nonconformist Education, and to you
we are sure it will not be unwelcome to count our great men among
your Predecessors.

Warrington trained your first Principal, Dr. Barnes; it endowed
you with the nucleus of your present Library; it handed on to your
safe keeping its own inheritance of Freedom.

Amidst your new and brilliant surroundings you will not forget
the days of struggling obscurity, or withhold your tribute of veneration
to the names of Dr. Taylor and Dr. Aikin, of Dr. Priestley and Dr.
’ Enfield. That the love of truth and freedom may long flourish in these
Halls, that many generations of godly men may here be trained for the
ministry of Christ, is the prayer of your well-wishers.

Signed, on behalf of the Cario Street Congregation,

Warrington,
Wm. Hamitton Drummonp,
Minister.
Wm. Lona.
F, Mons.

GRE
APPENDIX. 133

D.—GIFT OF COMMUNION PLATE.

The Vessels, used for the first time at the Communion Service
on October 19th, 1893, were presented by over eighty old
Students of the College. The paten bears the following inscrip-
tion, from the pen of the Rev. Dr. Martineau :—

Turse MzMoriaLs
oF THE Last SUPPER
WERE PRESENTED
to MancHEstER COLLEGE, OXFORD,

FOR THE ComMMUNION TABLE OF ITS CHAPEL
on 178 DepicaTion, Octoser 18, 1893,
BY Past STUDENTS oF THE COLLEGE,

IN GRATITUDE FOR ITS FREE TEACHING,
AND REVERENCE FOR ITS INTERPRETATION

oF THE Curistian Lirs.
134 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

E—DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLEGE BUILDINGS.

The Buildings of Manchester College at Oxford were begun a little
more than three years ago. They are situated in Mansfield Road, which
forms a broad and handsome thoroughfare from Holywell to the Parks,
and their position with regard to the surroundings is well gathered from
the view to be gained from the top of the tower. It commands a broad
range, with Wadham and its gardens to the West, Mansfield College
and the Parks to the North, and upon the two remaining sides the eye
follows the Cherwell and the undulating country beyond, culminating
in Headington Hill, past Magdalen park and tower, until it rests upon a
good general view of Oxford, with the grey walls and tower of New
College in the foreground, and lying below, the quaint irregular-tiled
roofs of Holywell.

The main buildings of the College lie round three sides of a quad-
rangle, upon the East and North of which runs a covered cloister or
corridor. The main entrance is from Mansfield Road, under the tower,
through a hall with mosaic floor and vaulted roof. From this hall
archways lead upon the right into the corridor, and upon the left into
the vestibule forming the approach to the Chapel.

The rooms used by the Professors are in the central block to the
front, and the two wings contain the Chapel upon the South and the
Library block upon the North, each terminating in a gable towards the
street, and looking with traceried windows into the quadrangle.

The two views of the front show the general grouping of the
building towards Mansfield Road.

The Chapel is a rectangular building divided into a nave and choir
or Morning Chapel. The former is panelled with oak, and the latter
raised four steps and surrounded with oak stalls, reredos, organ screen,
and panelling, with pulpit and eagle on either side of the steps. Though
the windows have been temporarily glazed, stained glass for the large
west window and several others has already been promised; and it is
hoped that before long they will be filled with richer colour, which,
especially when time has mellowed the oakwork of panelling and stalls
and roof, will add warmth and beauty to the interior.
APPENDIX. 135

The oakwork has been intentionally left untouched, both in the
Chapel and the Library. With time and exposure it will obtain colour
richer and more beautiful than that which any artificial means could
give.

The Organ which is the gift of Mrs. George Buckton, has been
erected by Messrs. Gray & Davison, of London, and is placed in an
Organ Chamber, the outside approach to which forms a picturesque
external angle from Mansfield Road.

Opening out of the enclosed cloister are the Principal’s Room and
College Office on the right, the Students’ Common Room, Cloak
Room, &c., at the end, and, further on to the left, the large Lecture
Room and Dining Room. The main staircase near the angle of the
corridor ascends to the first floor, with the Senior Common Room
(situated in the tower) and two Professors’ Rooms to the left. It then
passes on to the right up a few more steps to the Library Vestibule,
where upon a panel over the entrance door is carved the crest of Mr.
Henry Tate, the donor of the Library wing.

The Library, of which a view is given, isa room 80ft. by 30ft., with
large projecting bay and oriel windows, which form inside and out two
of the chief features of this part of the building. The floor, roof, and
fittings, with the simple but handsome furniture, are all of oak.

The number of books accommodated in the shelves is about 17,000.

Upon the second floor there are three rooms—a large one in the
tower, and two smaller ones beyond; and the buildings which partly
occupy the fourth side of the quadrangle contain Boiler House, College
Kitchen and its accessories, with a Porter’s residence upon the first
floor.

The stonework of doors, windows, cornices, and all external moulded
or carved work is executed in one of the most durable Derbyshire
stones, and it is hoped that the larger expenditure entailed by its use
will be compensated: by the durability of the stone.

The rooms of the College are lighted with the electric light, and
the corridors with gas, and the arrangements for heating and ventilating
are very complete.

The general contract has been carried out by Messrs. Parnell & Son,
of Rugby ; the heating and ventilating by Messrs. Haden & Son. Dr.
John Hopkinson has acted as consulting engineer to the Committee,
and superintended the electrical work, the wiring of which has been
1386 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

executed by Messrs. Mather & Platt, and fittings by Messrs. Hart, Son,
Peard & Co. The furnishing is by Mr. James Lamb, and the carving

by Messrs. Earp, Son & Hobbs.
Mr. W. Meldrum acted as Clerk of the Works under the direction

of the Architects.
After the death of their valued partner, Mr. Elgood, Mr. Thomas

Worthington and his son, Mr. Percy Scott Worthington, carried the
work to completion.
APPENDIX, 137

F.—_THE ANCESTRY OF MANCHESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD.

 

THE NORTHERN ACADEMY.

RaTHMELL, 1670 ........ecec eee eee Richard Frankland, M.A.

Natuand, 1674 ......e ce eeeeee eee — — —

Catton Hatt, 1683............... — — —_

Dawson Foun, 1684 ............ — = —_—
HartTBaRRow, 1685 ...........0085 — — —
ATTERCLIFFE, 1686 ............... —_— — —

RatTHMELy, 1689—1698 ......... — —_— —

Assistants (in succession), John Issot, R. Frankland, Jun., John Owen.

 

Mancuester, 1699 ............... John Chorlton, 1699—1705.
James Coningham, M.A., 1700—1709.

Warrenaven, 1710—1723 ... ( Thomas Dixon, A.M., M.D.
Bouton, 1723-1729 ......... | John Barclay, M.A., Mathematics,

 

1710-1714.
KenpaL, 1733—1752 ............ Caleb Rotheram, D.D.
9 1752—1753 ........00ee Richard Simpson,

THE WARRINGTON ACADEMY.
Wanrrineaton, 1757—1786.

Divina csigisins tas val daasicleee satel ee John Taylor, D.D., 1757—1761.
John Aikin, D.D., 1761—1780.
Nicholas Clayton, D.D., 1780—1783.

Cas 68 ox cass cies conse en eeveedaban ees John Aikin, D.D., 1758—1761.

Languages and Belles Lettres ... Joseph Priestley, LL.D., 1761—1767.

Languages and Natural History John Reinhold Forster, LL.D.,
1767—1770 (?).

Belles Lettres sc. secsesseeevereeves John Seddon, 1767—1770.
William Enfield, LL.D., 1770—1783.
138 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Gilbert Wakefield, A.B., 1779—1783.

Pendlebury Houghton, 1778—1779.
(Assistant).

John Holt, 1757—1772.

George Walker, F.R.S., 1772—1774.

W. Enfield, LL.D., 17741783.

John Seddon, 1757—1770.

William Enfield, LL.D., 1770—1783.

MANCHESTER NEW COLLEGE.

Mancuester, 1786—1803.

Mathematics .......c0ccccccvececees

Mathematics and Natural
PHUOSOPRY occ scecvesecesvees

Yorg,

Devindty sas ews specseweeh tas cot cee ta
Classics and Mathematics ......

HO G81 08 sw ass cesss oars ys Sion Sion edhe vs Sea

Assistant Tutors

Thomas Barnes, D.D., 1786—1798.
George Walker, F.R.S., 1798—1803.
Ralph Harrison, 1786-—1789.

Lewis Loyd, 1790—1792.

William Stevenson, 1792—1796.
Charles Saunders, B.A., 1798—1799.
William Johns, 1799—1800.
Thomas Davies, 1787—1789.

—. Nicholls, 1790—1793.

John Dalton, D.C.L., LL.D., F.B.S.,
1793—1800.

1803—1840.

Charles Wellbeloved, 1803—1840.
Hugh Kerr, M.A., 1803—1807.
Theophilus Browne, M.A.,1807—1809.

James Yates, M.A. (Assistant Tutor),
1809—1810.

John Kenrick, M.A., 1810—1840.
John James Tayler, B.A., 1819—1820.
Walter C. Perry, Ph.D., 1837—1838.
J. Howard Ryland, 1838—1840.
Frederic Hornblower, 1838—1839.
APPENDIX. 139

Mathematics and Natural
Philosophy — .vcccccecccveceees William Turner, M.A., 1809—18927.

William Hincks, F.L.S., 1827—1839.

G. Vance Smith, B.A., 1839—1840
(Assistant Tutor).

Modern Languages .......ccc0c0.. Chev. Pecchio, 1826—1828.

Mancusster, 1840—1853.

(Manchester New College was affiliated to the University of London
by Royal Warrant, dated February 28th, 1840.)

PRINCIPALS.:

Robert Wallace, Principal of Theological Department, 1842—1846.

John Kenrick, M.A., Principal of Literary and Scientific Department,
1842—1846 ; Principal of the College, 1846—1850.

G. Vance Smith, B.A., Principal of the College, 1851—1853.

PROFESSORS.
PREGLOGY sveusncescessonvess sevewnen Robert Wallace, 1840—1846.
G. Vance Smith, B.A., 1846—1853.
Theology (Pastoral) ...........004 J. G. Robberds, 1840—1852.
Theology (Doctrinal and
Practical) sevsisis cosves savevs J. J. Tayler, B.A., 1852—1853.
TH OOV OD si. ist elas Ua stain Wes Giles J. G. Robberds, 1840—1845.
G. Vance Smith, B.A., 1846—1853.
Lieclestastical History .........044 J.J. Tayler, B.A., 1840—1853.
CUMS80C8 vas cccaingi Renate: Gi seeieae sa F, W. Newman, B.A., 1840—1846
Eddowes Bowman, M.A., 1846—1853.
Mathematics  ..cccccscsecccessees Robert Finlay, B.A., 1840—1853.
History asses voseveaservasiagerecs John Kenrick, M.A., 1840—1850.
Mental and Moral Philosophy
and Political Economy ...... James Martineau, 1840—1853.
Physical. Science and Natural
LDUSOTY os sia sine esa nsos'diastie Montague L. Phillips, 1840—1843.
English History and Literature... William Gaskell, M.A., 1846—1853.
Civil Engineering — .....ecsceee eee Edward Sang, 1841—1842,
Pri Ch: -ccsins caverwes oon exnse sts van east F. E. Vembergue (Lecturer),
1840—1850.

GMA coe ecc enc eeeee ee eee teens Dr. Bernstein (Tutor), 1841—1846.
140 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Lonpon, 1853-1889.

PRINCIPALS.

J. J. Tayler, B.A., 1853—1869,
James Martineau, D.D., LL.D., 1869—1884.
James Drummond, LL.D., 1884—1889.

PROFESSORS.

Ecclesiastical History and
Doctrinal Theology...... 1+. J. J. Tayler, BA., 1853—1869.
Exegetical Theology and Hebrew G. Vance Smith, Ph.D., 1853—1857.

New Testament Criticism and

History of Doctrine ......... James Drummond, LL.D.,1869—1889.
Philosophy (Mental, Moral, and
Religious) ..ccccccecseceeeveaes James Martineau, D.D., LL.D.,
1853—1875.
Charles B. Upton, B.A., B.Sc.,
1875—1889.
FLED re veins gavsinasoua veucis eon eee Net Russell Martineau, M.A., 1857—1874.

Hebrew and Old Testament
Criticism, and Ecclesiastical
Fistory soreness css emeecnasvess J. Estlin Carpenter, M.A., 1875—
1889 (Vice-Principal, 1885).

Oxrorp, 1889—1893.

MANCHESTER COLLEGE.
Oxrorp, 1893—

Note.—By a resolution of the Trustees, dated June 23rd, 1893,
the name of the College was changed from Manchester New College
to Manchester College. There seems to be no doubt that Manchester
New College was the official name of the College from its foundation, in
Manchester, in 1786; though it was, during its first period, commonly
called The Manchester Academy, from the analogy of the Warrington
Academy, its immediate predecessor ; and during its second period, at
York, commonly called Manchester College. No doubt the word New
was inserted in the original title because the name Manchester College
was currently applied to the society of the Warden and Fellows, priests,
APPENDIX. 141

of the Collegiate Church of Manchester (constituted by charter of
Henry V. as the College of the Blessed Mary, and reconstituted by
charter of Elizabeth (1578) as Christ’s College in Manchester). An
inversion of the circumstances, but the same feeling, which prompted
the insertion of the word New in the last century, has led to its
excision, now that the College is placed in close proximity to New
College, Oxford. The action of the Trustees in this matter has been
courteously acknowledged, on behalf of New College by the Warden.

J. E. O.

TCS Se

YS
MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

G.—LIST OF PERSONS PRESENT DURING THE
OPENING PROCEEDINGS.

142

Abbott, Mr. Ernest ......... Oxford
Abbott, Mr. R. L., MuA..... do.
Abbott, Mr. T, C. ........... Bowdon
Abbott, Mrs. ...csccseceseeeees do,

Agate, Rev. Dendy, B.A.... Gorton
Ainsworth, Mr. David, M.P. Cleator
Alden, Mr. Edward C. ...... Oxford
All Souls, The Wardenof... do.

Allen, Rev. Edward .. ...... Walmsley
Allen, Misa). ccccise sousseneees do.
Allen, Rev. Frederic ......... Chatham
Allen, MYSs. sacsscutunca seneaeneey do.

Andrews, Mr. Charles ...... Oxford
Anthony, Rev. E.S., M.A.... Much Hadham

Arlosh, Rev. James ...... .- Oxford
Arlosh, Mrs. oo... ce eeeeee ees do,
Armstrong, Rev. R.A., B,A. Liverpool
Armstrong, Miss............... Bristol
Armstrong, Miss G. R. ...... do.
Armstrong, Miss.............45 London
Ashton, Mr. Thos.... ........ Manchester
Ashton, Mrs, ........ cece do.
Ashton, Miss ........cccceeseee do.
Ashton, Mrs. ......cee eee Dukinfield
Aspland, Mrs. L. M. ......... London
Atkins, Mr. Hugh............ Hinckley
AtKINS, Misi: ois sacgeannainsiics do.
Austen, Miss ......... Smale Southampton
Austin, Rev. Henry ......... Cirencester
Austin, Missy ascssousasienais do,
Austin, Miss Lilias............ do.
Austin, Mr. J. Worsley,B.A. Oxford
Bache, Miss.. ..........ceeeeees London
Bailey, Mrs. ......cceseeeeeees Cheltenham
Baker, Miss L. .........0.s008 Ilminster
Ball, Mr. Sidney, M.A. ... Oxford
Ball; Mrs: cacasssdeseriwe eevee do.
Balmforth, Mr. R............. do.

Banks, Miss M. S.........6048 Liverpool

 

Barrow, Rev. E. P., M.A.... Manchester
Bartlet, Mr, J. V., M.A. ... Oxford
Beard, Mr. James R.......... Manchester

     
  

Beard, Mrs...........064 dats do,
Beard, The Misses ... dinate do,
Beard, Mrs............. .... Oxford
Beard, The Misses ............ do.
Beard, Mr. Lewis, M.A. ... Coventry
Beaumont, Mr. EB. . ......... Oxford

Bell, Mr. A.J. M., M.A.... do.
Bennett, Mr. Ambrose,M.A. do.

Bilbrough, Mr. W. N. ...... Leeds
Binns, Rev. William......... Plymouth
Binns, Mrscccicessavrasesnoaven do.

 

Bishop, Miss C. G............. Birmingham
Blazeby, Rev. W., B.A. ... Rotherham

Blazeby, Mrs. 00.0.0... do.
Blyth, Mr. Edmund E....... London
Blyth, Mis,, ..ccs ci snccazia devas do.
Bowie, Rev. W. Copeland... do.
Bowie, Mrs............0ccccce0es do.
Bowman, Mrs. Chas.......... Bolton
Bowring, Mr. W. B. ......... Liverpool
Bowring, Mrs. ..............4 do.
Bowring, Miss E. A.......... London
Bramley, Mr. Herbert ...... Sheffield
Bramley, Mrs. ov... do.
Bramley, Mr. H. R.... ..... do.
Brasenose, The Principal of, Oxford
Brettell, Rev. 8.8. wo... Brierley Hill
Briggs, Mrs. H. C...........4. Ambleside
Brinkworth, Rev. J. A....... Saffron Walden
Broadbent, Rev. T. P., B.A. Cheltenham
Broadrick, Rev. T. B. ...... Yeovil
Broadrick, Mr. E. B.......... Dukinfield
Brock, Miss M. E...........06 Swansea
Brooks, Mr. Jas. Howard, B, A. Wilmslow
Brooks, Mrs. ...s.csecssseeeeee do.
Brooks, The Misses ......... do.
APPENDIX. 143

 

Brooks, Mrs. Jobn............ Hyde
Brooks, The Misses ......... do.
Buckton, Mrs. Joshua ...... Leeds
Buckton, Mrs........ccsscseeves Oxford
Burroughs, Mr. B. P. ...... London
Burroughs, Mr. J. H. ...... do.
Burroughs, Mrs, ..........sc008 Liverpool
Burroughs, Miss ...........606 do.
Burroughs, Miss A. ......... do.
Butler, Rev. A. G., M.A. ... Oxford
Butler, Mrs. wv. ceeeeseeeee do.
Carpenter, Rev. J. Estlin,

MAAS sisiecsaduerveseweninens do
Carpenter, Mrs. ...........006 do.
Case, Miss E. M. ... ws... London
Castle, Mr. J. ....c... ceeeeeees Oxford
Castle, Mrs. ......ccssesseeseeees do.
Cheyne, Rey. Professor,M.A. do.
Cheyne, Mrs. ..........:ccereee do.
Clarke, Mr. T. Chatfeild ... London
Clarke, Mr. Howard C....... do.
Clarke, Rev. Hubert ......... Altrincham
Clephan, Mr. Edwin ......... Leicester
Clephan, Miss ..............0008 do.
Cliff, Mig. ce essssnescseanesnees Evesham
Cliff, Miss .eecseceseseec scenes do.
CUE. Mri cscainveweine see's) wtaear eee Reading
Clifton, ProfessorR. B.,M.A, Oxford
Collier, Dr. ..cisdascessccaceass do.
Cole, Mr. Charles L. ......... do.
Cole, Mrs. ....ccseseesseeeeeves do.
Colfox, Mr. William, B.A... Bridport
Colfox, Miss ...cceceeceaseeeee do.
Constable, Rev. B.C. .. ... Stockport
Conybeare, Mr. F, C., M.A. Oxford
Cooke, Miss Emily ............ Liverpool
Coppock, Mrs... Stockport
Coppock, Miss.........ccseseees do.
Coventry, Mr. Joseph ...... Liverpool
Coventry, Mrs. ..c.eeeesseenes do.
Champion, Mr. J. Kenrick... Bristol
Connell, Mr. J. Mu...sescseeee Oxford
Cobb, Miss L. .....escccsseeeees Birmingham
Crossley, Rev. James......... do.

Crease, Mr. F. Ry ws.seseeeeee Oxford

 

Crease, Mrs... .....ceseeseeeees Oxford

Crook, Rev. L. G. Harris ... Wolverhampton
Crook, Mrs. vccescssssesceseeeees do.
Crook, Mr. G. Hy ......... Birkdale

Csifé, Rev. Salomon ........, Kolozsvar

Dale, Miss 2. ....cecceeecaeeeee Buxton

Danks, Mr. Eric...........066 Oxford
Darbishire, Mrs. 8. D. .. .... do.
Darbishire, Miss ..............- London

Davies Mr, F. Macdonogh... Oxford
Davis, Rev. David, B.A. ... Evesham
Davis, Mrsy...csccsecssscsceeeee do.
Davis, Miss.............ceseeees do.
Davis, Rev. Rudolph, B.A. do.
Davis, Rev. V. D., B.A. ... Liscard

Davis, Rev. David........ ... Southampton
Davis, Mrs, .......csccecseceseee do.

Davis, Mr. J. Tyssul, B.A. Oxford

Davis, Miss sissisceossenevercexs Llandyssul
Dean, Miss U..........cccceeees Birmingham
Delhomme, Madlle ..,...... Oxford

Dendy, Rev. John, B.A. ... Newport, I. W.
Dendy, Mrs. vicccicereseeeeee do.
Dendy, Mrs, ..sccccseceseeeers Manchester
Dicey, Professor, M.A.,

BiG Tie ssatigeies deccieaenns Oxford
Dodds, Dr. T. W. .....:....08 do.

Dodds, Mrs. ...csssscsseeevees do.
Dowsing, Miss........::s0secee Birmingham
Dorman, Miss Agnes......... Oldham
Dowson, Rev. H. Enfield,

Bids: sasvsvsoiuiorsseateces Gee Cross
Dowson, MTs. .......ccesceeeeee do.
Dowson, Miss Margaret...... do.
Dowson, Miss Florence ...... do.
Dowson, Miss Ethel ......... do.

Dowson, Mr. Percy E. ...... Oxford
Dowson, Mr. Aubrey O. ... do.
Driver, Rev. Professor 8. R.,

DD Di paaateasnoiopccoseuesuen do.
Drummond, Rev. J., M.A.,

LL.D., D.Litt. 0.0.0.0. do.
Drummond, Mrs, ............ do.
Drummond, Dr. W. B....... Edinburgh

Drummond, Mr, J. Classon London
144

Drummond, Miss R. ......... London
Drummond, Miss F. ......... do.
Drummond, Rev. W. H.,B.A. Warrington
Drummond, Mrs. .......e do.
Dunkerley, Rev. T., B.A.... Comber
Dunkerley, Mrs. .........00 do.

Duff, Mr. H., M.A. oo. Oxford
Dyer, Mr. Louis, M.A. . do.
Dyer, Mrs. ..sceseeeeeeeeceeeees do.

Edgeworth, Prof. F. Y. iM. A. do.

Edwards, Mr. George H. ... Richmond
Eliot, Rev. Christopher R.. Oxford
Eliot, Mrs. .....ccsseeeeeeronees do.
Ely, Mr. Talfourd, M.A. .. London
Ely, Mrs. ..ccccesseeseeseeeeerees do.
Enfield, Mrs. .........66 seceee . do.
Else, The Misses...........06+5 Leicester
Evans, Rev. E. D. Priestley Kidderminster
Evans, Mrs,......ccccesesseeees do.
Evans, Rev. Geo. Eyre ...... Whitchurch
Evans, Rev. J. Gwenogfryn,

MaAw. uusdeiaeiaigsiguyiainnavcs Oxford
Evans, MajorJno., V.D.,C.E. Liverpool
Evelegh, Mrs. .....cse-ssseeeeee London

Everett, Professor C. C., D.D, Harvard
Exeter, Rev. the Rector of... Oxford

Farmer, Mr. J. csscessssenaee do.
Farquharson, Rev. A. ...... Oldham
Farquharson, Mrs. ............ do.
Farrington, Rev. Silas ...... Richmond
Farrington, Mrs.........00..068 do.
Felstead, Rev. John ......... Wilmslow
Fenton, Mr. Charles ......... London
Fenton, Mrs. ....cccceeeceeeeee do.
Fielding, Miss.............00568 Oxford
Fielding, Miss BE, ......... 4. do.
Fielding, Miss B. ..........4. do.
Fletcher,Rev.C.J.H.,M.A.. do.
Floyd, Mrs cease se csasdans London
Fowles, Mr. BE. wees Oxford
Fowles, Mrs. .....e..ceeseesees do.
Fox, Rev. John .........sa0 Hunslet
BOX; Marsencaanseiteaseadstevecces do.
Fox, Migs). cciowsisiedivnnsnsate do.

Fox, Mr, A. Cunliffe, B.A... Oxford

 

MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Freeston, Rev. Joseph ...... Macclesfield
Freeston, Rev. Frank K. ... London
Freeston, Mrs.......ccseseeeeeee do,
Fremantle, The Hon. and

Rey. Canon, M.A. ...... Oxford
Fripp, Rev. Edgar I., B.A. Belfast
Fromant, Mr. H. P. ......... Oxford
Froude, Prof. J. A., M.A.... do.
Gair, Mr. Henry W. ......... Liverpool
Galtsmith, Mrs. .............+5 Southampton

Gardner, Prof. Perey, M.A. Oxford
Geldart, Mrs. ...ccesccseseneres do.
Geldart, Miss ..........cscece0s do.
Geldart, Mr. W. M., B.A.... do.
Gell, Mr. P. Lyttelton, M.A. do,

George, Rev. W. E., B.A.... Aberdare
Gerrans, Mr. H. T., M.A.... Oxford
Gerrans, Mrs, sisscccisaeverens do.
Gibson, Rev. Matthew ...... Evesham
Gibson, Mrs. .....ceeeeeee scene do.
Gibson, Miss ....c.cceseseeeee do.
Gillett, Mr. C. BE. we Oxford
Gimson, Mrs. A. Je... Leicester
Gittins, Miss M. C, ......... Birmingham
Gittins, Miss Edith ......... Leicester
Goodwin, Miss............ seee Oxford
Gordon, Mr. T. H., B.A. ... Dukinfield
Gow, Rev. Henry, B.A....... Leicester

Gray, Mr. G. B., B.A. ...... Oxford
Green, Prof. A. H., M.A.... do.

Greeny, Mrs, visssesecesccseocees do.
Greg, Mr. E. Heo... eeessseees Wilmslow
Greg; Mrs:  ssaseisssessssaannees do.
Greg, Mr. Henry R. ......... Handforth
Greg; MIS: siacsevetiawasqainenee do.
Greg, Miss E. Mu....ceeees do
Greg, Miss Katharine H. ... do.
Greg, Miss Mary P. ......... do.
Greg, Mr. H. Philips, M.A. = do.
Greg, Mr. T. Ty vnc London
Greg; Mrs. ascicivvssviasiveves Buntingford
Greg, Mr, Arthur .........00 Bolton
Greg, Mrs. ...ssesssesseneeenees do.
Greg, Miss M. S.......ccceeeee London

Greg, Mr. Francis ..........4 Macclesfield
APPENDIX.

Griffiths, Rev. Wm., Ph.D. Pontypridd
Grundy, Miss .. 0. eee Royston
Hacking, Mr. A. J., M.A.... Oxford
Hadow, Mr. W.H., M.A.... do.
Haigh, Mr. A. E., M.A. ... do.

 

Haigh, Mr. Daniel............ Huddersfield
Hailing, Mrs. ww. Cheltenham
Hall, Miss ....ccccceeceesseveee Wakefield
Hall, Mr. Hugh F............. Oxford
Fal. MiSs) stvvsesteasnwasaeasas do.
Hankinson, Miss............... Wilmslow
Harcourt, Mr. A.G.V.,M.A. Oxford
Harcourt, Mrs. oes do.
Harding, Mr. Charles.. ...... Birmingham
Harding, Mrs...........:c00c08 do.
Harding, Miss...........00.. do.
Harding, Mr. E. C............ Manchester
Harding, Mrs...........ccc0608 do.
Harding, The Misses ......... do.
Harding, Mr. John............ do.
Hargrove, Rev. Chas., M.A. Leeds
Hargrove, Miss .............45 do.
Harwood, Rev. James, B.A. London
Harwood, Mrs. ..... wc... do.
Harwood, Mrs. J. ww... ees Bolton
Harwood, Mr. Thos. .......... do.
Haslam, Mr. W..........000008 do.
Haslam, Mrs. .......... cee do.
Harrison, Rev. W............ Stalybridge
Hassall, Mr. A., M.A. ...... Oxford
Hassall, Mrs. wo... eee do.

Healey, Mr. J. E., M.A. ... do.
Hays, Mr. E. R. C., M.A.... Malvern Link

Hays, Mis. ssscjnccsevrsiicannss do,
Herford, Rev. Brooke, D.D. London
Herford, Mrs, ..........:0..ce do.
Herford, Rev. R. Travers,

Bias sttuacetaietemtobaada iis Stand
Herford, Mrs. .......:..ccseeeee do.
Herford, Mr. W. H., B.A.... Paignton
Herford, Mrs. .......cccceeeeee do.
Hewer, Miss............c0000e008 Monton
Hewins, Mr. W. A. 8., B.A. Oxford
Hewins, Mrs. .......-..eceeeeee do.
Heys, Mr. Richard T. ...... Stockport

L

 

145

Heys; Mrs. sicwssmasiascicces Stockport
Hicks, Mrs Hastings
Higginson, Rev. P.M.,M.A. Monton

 

Higginson, Miss ............... do.
Higginson, Mrs. Edward ... Manchester
Higginson, Miss Dora ...... do.
Hill, Rev. Henry ........00.. Banbury
Hincks, Rev. Thos., B.A.,

HRESs aacwaaneonegan +. Bristol
Hincks, Mrs. o.ceeeeeeee do.
Hobhouse, Mr. L. T., M.A. Oxford
Hobhouse, Mrs. .........00000+ do.
Holden, Rev. A. M. ........ Ilminster
Holland, Prof. T. E., D.C.L. Oxford
Holt, Mr. Alfred... Liverpool
Holt, Mrs: cissssssses: crvieinas do.

Hughes, Mr. W. H., M.A.... Oxford
Hunter, Sir William W. ... do.
Hunter, Lady «0.0.0... do.
Hyndman, Mr. Hugh, LL.D. Belfast
Jacks, Rev. L. P., M.A. ... Liverpool

Jeffery, Mr. Henry............ London
Jellie, Rev. W., B.A. ...... do.
Johnson, Mr. T. Fielding ... Leicester
Johnson, Mrs. ........60066 oe do.
Johnson, Miss H. M.......... Liverpool
Jones, Rev. Owen J. ......... Mansfield
Jones, Mr. Chas. W. ......... Liverpool
Jones, Mr. C. Sydney......... Oxford

Jones, Rev. E. Ceredig, M.A. Bradford
Jones, Rev. Francis H., B.A. London

JOKES; MIS... ca criaeisecaecans do.
Jones, Miss Fy .......ccccceeeeee Barnet
Jones, Miss Louisa............ do.

Jones, Rev. T. Lloyd ...... Liverpool
Jézan, Mr. Nicholas ......... Oxford
Kent, Migs: siicpinssiesisausn sen vinas Cheltenham
Kenrick, Mr. W. B. ......... Birmingham
Kenrick, Miss ............000068 do.
Kinder, Miss Emma ......... London
Kitson, Mrs. F. W. ......... Leeds
Kitson, Miss .....ccceceeseeees do.

Krebs, Dr. H., M.A. ......... Oxford
Lamb, Mr. James ..........., Bowdon
Lamb, Miss ......:.:ceseeeceeees do.
146

Lalor, Miss Ev.......c.ccseeeees London
Lambley, Rev. R. H., M.A. Glossop
Langston, Mr. F. W., B.A. Oxford

Langston, Mrs. ..........eeee do.
Lankester, Prof. E.Ray,M.A. do.
Lawford, Mr. Percy ......... London
Lawford, Mrs. ........... bicwusi do.
Lawrence, Sir Jas. Clarke,

Barts: -ssgsenspacsgaaisieaavcs do.
Lawrence, Mr. F. wc. do.
Lawrence, Miss A. ............ do.
Lawrence, Mr. Philip Henry dao.
Lee, Mr. E. Henry,........... Birmingham
Lee, Mr. T. Grosvenor, B.A. Leicester
G6) MiPSe: oc cawerchawona icone neds do.
Legge, Rev. Professor, M.A. Oxford
Leigh, Mr. Percy H. ......... Worsley
Leigh; Miss.is. sicacoseeaasawaiiens do.
Leigh, Mr. H. D., M.A. ... Oxford
Leigh; Mais. 0. .csvccvsaacnes eves do.
Leighton, Miss Gertrude ... Liverpool
Lister, Mr. I. 8.0... London
Lister, The Misses ............ do.
Little, Mr. D. A. we. Bowdon
Littles Mess: ssccvonvewsvernavass do.
Lloyd, Rev. J. Be wee Bournemouth
Lockyer, Mr. John............ Oxford
Lodge, Mr. R., M.A... ..... do.
Long, Mr. William............ Warrington
Long, Mrs;. svennerwareivanimsvds do.
Long, Miss ......cceeeceee do.
Luccock, Mrs..........0...00008 Leeds
Lupton, Mr. Joseph ......... do.
Lupton, Mrs, oo... do.
Lupton, Mr. Oliver............ do.
Lupton, Mrs. we. do.
Lupton, Mr. Basil ......... do.
Lupton, Miss 0... do.
Maceall, Mrs. wecciscceseeseee Southport
Mackinder, Mr. H. J., M.A. Oxford
Mackinder, Mrs..............0. do.
Magdalen, The President of do.
Mahler, Mr. John ............ New Brighton
Mahler, Miss .........0.00000.. do.
Maitland, Miss 0.0.0.0... Oxford

 

MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Manning, Rev. J. E., M.A. Sheffield

Manning, Mrs. ......eseeee do.
Margoliouth, Prof. D. 8.,

Mie, Seavcdncnsccsiscsnesianss Oxford
Margoliouth, Miss ............ do.
Marett, Mr. R. RB. ww... do.
Markby, Sir Wm., D.C.L.... do.
Markby, Lady.............0.68 do.
Marriott, Mrs... .......cceeeee Wakefield

Marshall, Mr. Edwin W. ... Manchester

Marshall, Mrs. ..........eeeee do.
Marshall, Mr. C. E. ......... do.
Marshall, Rev. T. L.......... London

Martineau, Rev. J., D.D.,
LL.D., D.C.L. D.Litt... do.
Martineau, Miss Gertrude... do.

Martineau, Miss M. E. ...... do.
Martineau, Mr. David ...... do.
Martineau, Mrs. .............06 do.
Martineau, The Misses ...... do.
Martineau, Miss Mary ...... do.
Martineau, Mr. P.M., LL.B. Esher
Martineau, Miss Susan ...... Birmingham
Martineau, Miss Ellen ...... do.
Martineau, Mr. C. E...... ... do.
Mathers, Mr. John 8. ...... Leeds

Mathers, Rev. John S., B.A. Plymouth
Matheson, Mr. P. E., M.A. Oxford

Maughan, Miss ............... Liverpool
Merton, The Hon. the

Warden of.........c..ceeeee Oxford
Merritt, Miss ..........00.00608 do.
Mills, Mrs ......ccecccee ceeeee Cheltenham
MANS): Mise: .2~.cssaencrivernas do.

Molyneux, Mr. Philip, M.A. Oxford

Monks, Mr. Fw... Warrington
Monks, Miss. saswstassesnnces do.
Monks, The Misses............ do.
Monks, Mrs. F. W. ......... do.

Montague, Mr. F. C., M.A. Oxford
Montefiore, Mr. C. J., M.A. do.
Montgomery, Mr. C. J....... do.
Mooreroft, Mr. C. ............ do.
Moore, Rev. John ............ Hindley
Moore, Rev. R. Clarke ...... do.
APPENDIX. 147

Morfill, Mr. W. R., M.A. ... Oxford
Morton, Mr. H. J... Scarborough
Moser Mrs. vedvsasisavs seuss ceca London
Miiller, Prof. F. Max, M.A. Oxford
Murray, Dr. J. A. H.......... do.
Nanson, Mrs. W. E. ......... Eccles
Nettlefold, Mr. F. ............ London
Nettlefold, Mrs. ............. do.
Nettlefold, Miss Edith ...... do.

Nettlefold, Miss Christina... do.
Nettlefold, Miss Dorothy... do.
Nettlefold, Mr. Archibald... do.

Neubauer, Dr. A. .. ......... Oxford
Neville, Mr. Louis ............ do.
New, Mr. Geoffrey ..........., Evesham
New: Mis. -scsiusenusetinaes do.
Nicholson, Mr. Francis ...... Manchester
Nicholson, Mrs. ........... 0. do.
Nicholson, Mr. Albert ...... Sale
Nicholson, Mrs. ...........006 do.
Nicholson, Mr. E. W. B.,

MiB aisssania wrtesel ann york Oxford
Odgers, Rev. J. Edwin, M.A. Bowdon
Odgers, Mrs. ....eecseeceeseeee do.
Odgers, Mr. Charles E....... Oxford

Odgers, Mr. A. W., B.A.... do.
Odgers, Mr. W. Blake, LL.D. London

 

Odgers; Miss disscssevienaervers do.
Oram; Mise civaseacsvavsmasviens do.
Oram, Miss .......:scssceeeeeees do.
Oriel, The Provost of......... Oxford
Osler, Mr. T. Smith, LL.B. London
Osler, Mrs. .......ceeeesee eee eee do.
Parker, Mr. George............ Oxford
Parker, Mrs. cssseveseneesea ies do.
Parker, The Misses do.
Parnell, Mr. J. ecseeceeeeeees Rugby
Passmore, Mrs. ..........0000- London
Pears Mis csscassaasnsigesierddee do.
Pelham, Professor H., M.A. Oxford
Perris, Rev. H. W. «us... Hull
Perris, Mrsisscsiscisnsarseacies do.
Perris, Miss) cs sswiisis va cavinsaivcsns do.
Perris, Mr. H. §., B.A....... Oxford

Perryn, Miss ......ceseeseeees Bristol

 

Pesel, Miss Gertrude ......... Oxford
Peters, Mr. F, H., M.A. ... do.
Peyton, Mrg.. as scucavaeeors Birmingham
Phelps, Rev. L. R., M.A.... Oxford
Piper, Miss. sisccecseeeseceen Evesham
Pole, Rev. Herbert............ Huddersfield
Polo, Muge ¢ ccsacseoatorsanscs do.
Poole, Mr. R. L., M.A....... Oxford
Poole; Mrs, sassaces a wena do.

Pope, Rev. R. W. M., D.D., do.

Pope, Miss Zillah ............ Belfast

Popplestone, Mr. C. E....... Oxford
Poulton, Prof. E. B., M.A. do.
Poynting, Rev. C. T., B.A. Manchester

Poynting, Mrs. ..........eeee do.
Poynting, Mr. J. W, E....... Oxford
Pratt, Mr. Hodgson ......... London
Preston, Mr. J. T. ............ do.
Preston, Mrs. ........cceeeeeeee do.
Preston, Mr, Percy............ do.
Preston, Mrs. .......5 seseenees do.
Prime, Rev. Priestley......... Birmingham
Pritchard, Mr. Ion. ......... London
Rashdall, Rev. H., M.A. ... Oxford
Rathbone, Miss Florence ... Malvern
Rathbone, Mr. F. W. ...... Oxford
Rathbone, Miss E. ..,......... do.
Raworth, Mr. C...........00- do.
Raworth, Mrs. ........sereee do.
Rawson, Mr. Harry ......... Manchester
Rawson, MIs. .........0.:000e0 do.
Rawson, The Misses ......... do.
Reid, Miss: pcsccseseaacs. sata Eastbourne
Renold, Mr. Hans ............ Manchester
-Renold, Mrs. .......cecceeeeeee do.
Rhys, Professor, M.A. . Oxford

Richardson, Mr. G. N., M. A do.

Richardson, Miss ............ do.

Ride, Rev. George .........+4 Chorley
Ritchie, Mr. D. G., M.A. ... Oxford
Ritchie, Mrs. ........:ceeceeees do.
Robinson, Mr. Richard ...... Birkenhead
Robinson, Miss .........-..664 Birmingham
Robinson, Mr. Alircd, M.A. Oxituid
Roberts, Lady Cecilia ......... do.
148 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Roper, Rev. Charles, B.A.... Manchester

Roscoe, Miss .....:sc0s5 eeeeee Evesham
Rose, Mr. T. H. wo... Oxford
Rothwell, Mr. R. M.......... do.
Rowley, Mr. A. ......::scee do.
Ruck, Mr. F. W. os. eee Maidstone
Ruck) Mrs) saisineccesdaiyeeecs do.
Russell, Mr. Thos, H........ Birmingham
Russell, Mrs. w...ccccieeeeeees do.
Russell, Miss E. ..........00008 do.
Russell, Miss L. A. ......... do.
Rutty, Misi: sogiecdinueushiassnines London
Sadler, Mrs......ccccseesecseenee do.

Sadler, Mr. M. E., M.A. ... Oxford
St. Mary Hall, The Principal

 

OF scsssaninstecagtntoatan sanaiets do.
Sanday, Rev. Prof. W., M.A.,

DEDa dD iaceinmesnaanvainannass do
Sanderson, Prof. J. 8. Bur-

don, M.A., M.D. ......... do.
Sanderson, Mrs. ...........00. do.
Sayce, Rev. Prof. A.H., M.A.,

Til: Dienicsasansiiaiscttincsaaseen do.
Scott, Mr. Russell ............ London
Scott, Mrs. ... do.
Scott, Miss do.
Scott, Miss A.D. wc... do.
Scott, Mr. Russell, Jun....... do.
Scott, Mr. G. R., M.A. ...... Oxford
Scott, MIS. sscaveesicseansansnee do.
Scott, Rev. Lawrence......... Denton
Searle, Mr. Charles............ Manchester
Shakespeare, Miss ............ London
Shannon, Mrs................005 do,
Sharpe, Miss Anna........ ... do.
Sharpe, Miss Catherine ...... do.
Shaweross, Mrs. ..........00006 Rochdale
Shepherd, Mrs. F, E Carnforth

 

Shepherd, Mr. W. C., B.A. Oxford

Shippen, Rev. E. oo... do,
Shipman, Miss ..........0.., Altrincham
Shrubsole, Mrs. ......0. 00... Reading
Sibree, Mr, Ernest, M.A. ... Oxford
Sibree, Mr. John, M.A....... Stroud
Sibree, Mrs........cccceeceaes do.

 

Sidgwick, Mr. A., M.A. ... Oxford
Sidgwick, Mrs. ..... acu do,
Simmonds, Mr. George ...... London
Sing, Mrs. Roger ..........4 Liverpool
Skinner, Mr. G. H. ......... Exeter
Skinner, Mrs. ........ ..6. see do.
Smith, Rev. J. Wo... Ringwood
Smith, Rev. J. Fredk. ...... Bristol
Smith, Rev. A. Leslie, B.A. Liverpool
Smith, Mr. James ............ do.
Smith, Mrs) vicsesceis cee cseniions do.
Smith, Mr. Priestley ......... Birmingham
Smith, Mrs. Priestley ...... do.
Smith, Miss M. C............. do.
Smith, Rev. G. Vance, D.D. Bath
Smith, Miss............c eee do.
Smith, Mr. Norman H.,M.A. Oxford
Smith, Mr. H.C. ve. do.
Smith, Mr. A.L., M.A. ... do.
Smith! Mrsyisceiisvssie -snpmasais do.
Smith, Mrs. Howard ......... Birmingham
Smith, Miss Howard ......... do.

Snow, Mr. T. C., M.A....... Oxford
Solly, Rev. H. Shaen, M.A. Bridport

Spears, Rev. R. . wo... London
Spiller, Miss ........ceee do.
Squire, Mr. E. Burnard ... do.
Squire, Mrs, saccsicsesissnvnnres do.
Stanley, Rev. F. W. ......... Bath
Stanley, Mrs. oo... do.
Steinthal, Rev. 8. Alfred ... Manchester
Steinthal, Mrs. oo... do.
Stephens, Miss ...........6006 Liverpool

Stewart, Mr. J. A., M.A. ... Oxford
Stone, Mr. E. J., M.A....... do.

Street, Rev. James C. ...... Birmingham
Street, Rev. C. J., M.A. ... Manchester
Suffield, Mrs. oo... ccs Reading
Swaine, Mrs. ......ceeeeeee Guildford
Swaine, Miss .....c.cceceeeees do.
Talbot, Mrs. Grosvenor...... Leeds
Talbot, The Misses........ ... do.
Tarrant, Rev. W. G., B.A. London
Tarrant; Mrss svc ssaassasavea ves do.

Tate, Mr. William ............ do.
APPENDIX,

 
 

Tate, Mrs. London
Tayler, Mr. Stephen 8. ...... do.
Tayler, Miss .......cccseeeeees do.
Tayler, Miss H. M. ......... do.
Tayler, Rev. Hugon &.,

MAS sccsiieigsivcannled anions Dukinfield
Taylor, Mrs. Charles......... Bolton
Taylor, The Misses............ do.
Taylor, Mr. Frank............ do.

Taylor, Rev. Felix, B.A. ... Northampton
Teschemacher, Miss ......... London
Thatcher, Mr. G. W., B.A. Oxford
Thomas, Rev. E. L. H.,

Bi As) sseesninnpenneeeseaineess Scarborough
Thomas, Rev. Jenkin......... Aberdare
Thompson, Mr. J. Barclay,

Ma As. ssissseensnecsanasreaias Oxford
Thomson, Mr. Arthur, M.A. do.
Thornley, Mr. Lot ......... Hyde
Thornley, Mrs. .....cesecsees do.
Thornely, Mrs. .....eeeeeeeee Godley
Thornely, Miss... .....eeseee do.
Thornely, Mr. William... ... London
Thornely, Miss ........s00000 do.
Thornely, Mr. James......... Liverpool
Tollit, Mr. H. J... eee. Oxford
Tolmns, Missi. sc ccsnsniasmaaeets, Southport
Toyner, Mrv...iiccceceeseeeveee Cheltenham
Tranter, Mr. Thos............. Cirencester
Travers, Miss Janet ......... London
Trinity, The Rev. President

OE saa ssaignena eddies testes’ Oxford
Tucker, Rev. W. L., B.A.... Liverpool
Tucker, Mr. William........ Bristol
Turner, Rev. Alfred ......... Templepatrick
Turner, Mrs. 4, savssvisnaranes Stockport
Tylor, Mr. E. B., M.A,

Di C.D, ipsctascrsetcssan nies Oxford
Tylor, Mrs, v.cccccceee ceeeeeees do.
Upton, Rev. Chas., B.A.,

Bi SCe sig daihatuniaansuadeaiees do.
Upton, Mrs. v.ecscesecseeeneee do.
Upton, The Misses..........4 do.
Valentine, Miss .......sesceeee Altrincham

Vincent, Mr. Fy. ....ccsecseeees Oxford

 

149

Wadham, The Warden of... Oxford
Wallace, Prof. W., M.A. ... do.
Wallas, Mr. Graham, M.A. London
Walmsley, Rey. Douglas,

Bis ideciaiaeus vavnenengn Bury
Walmsley, Mrs. .......0006 0 do.
Ward, Mr. Thos. F. ......... Middlesbrough
Ward, Mrs. Humphry ...... Tring
Ward, Miss ..........cccccseeee do.
Warren, Mr. T. P............. London
Warschauer, Mr. Joseph ... Oxford
Watson, Rev. Albert, M.A. do.
Weatherall, Mr. J. H. ...... do.
Weiss; Mrsiiiccacvecoceesanceees London
Weiss, The Misses ............ do.
Wellbeloved, Rev. Chas. H. Southport
Whitaker, Mr. W............. Oxford
Wicksteed, Rev. Philip H.,

MEAG uth avinooanenemaetrs London

Wicksteed, Miss A. R. ...... Oxford
Wicksteed, Mr. J. H., B.A. do.

Wilde, Mr. Henry, F.R.S... Alderley Edge
Willert, Mr. P. F., M.A. ... Oxford
Wilson, Sir Roland K.,

Balti casiiviiedacuuansnarede Richmond
Wilson, Lady «0... .ceeeeeee do.
Wilson, Prof. J. Cook, M.A. Oxford
Wilson, Mrs. .........cccccceee do.
Winser, Mr. Julian............ Malvern Wells
Winser, Mrs. ....ceccese ceeees do.
Wolff, Miss May............... Hale
Wolff, Miss Lucy ...........5 do.
Wolff, W. Arnold ............ do.
Wood, Mr. G. W. Rayner... Manchester
Wood, Mrs, .csisisenuseacusinaes do.
Wood, Miss ......cccecsseeeeee Bristol
Wood, Rev. Joseph ... ..... Birmingham
Wood, Mrs. ccsciercecvan venwe do.
Wood, Miss Alice ............ Liverpool
Wood, Rev. Francis ......... Oxford
Wood, Mrs, ..iccccesscesesseeans do.
Worthington, Mrs ............ Sale
Worthington, Rev. Jeffery,

BitAs i cacsicesitsnnossunetadond Taunton

Worthington, Mr. Thos. ... Alderley Edge
150

Worthington, Mrs. ......... Alderley Edge
Worthington, Miss Gertrude do.
Worthington, Miss Leetitia do.
Worthington, Miss Margaret do.
Worthington, Mr. Percy 8.,

MA sascquisnedinntventeceins do.
Worthington, Mr. 8. B...... Bowdon
Worthington, Miss............ do.
Worthington, Miss J. F. ... do.

MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

Worthington, Mr. A. H.,

Bi Aen siiistatear cevauanianns Manchester
Worthington, Mr. A. W.,

Bude ecuhsstiicinawiteceiee hes Stourbridge
Worthington, Mrs............. do.
Worthington, Miss............ Birmingham
Worsley, Mr. Richard ...... London
Wrigley, Rev. Isaac, B.A.... Lye

Young, Mr. Howard, LL.B... London

CR
 

151

8.
12

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APPENDIX.
H.—DONORS.
£. s. d. £,

Abell, Mrs. C. J... 5 5 0 Brought forward... 8,700
Adam, Mr. A. Yo... 110 Ashton, Miss .............08 2
Agate, Rev. Dendy, B.A. 38 3 0 | Ashworth, Mrs. Edward... 20
Ainsworth, Mr. David, Atkins, Mr. Hugh ......... 15

My Pr, eonasatdarietuateanewnnans 150 0 0 Atkins, Mr. Thomas ...... 10
Ainsworth, Mr. John §&., Atwell, Mr. George......... 1

M.A., LL.B. we. 50 0 0 Austin, Rev. Henry .....,
Ainsworth, Rev. W. M. Baly,.. Mr. Jc No. aienesonxees 1

(CCCs)! vseian vines seeders’ 100 0 0 Banks, Miss ........ .ccceeeee 5
Alcock, Miss Marion ...... 200 Beale, Mr. Charles G....... 100
Alcock, Mr. Samuel H. ... 20 0 Beard, Mrs. Charles ...... 10
Aldred) Mr. Sees. scseeescives 05 0 Beard, Mr. Lewis, M.A.... 5
Allens Mr vassancadadaseaneivass 220 Bentley, Mr. John ......... 5
Allen, Rev. E........... ade 100 Bernard, Mrs. Boyle ...... 1
Ancient ChapelofToxteth, 10

Liverpool — Collection 5

(per Rev. V. D. Davis, Bill, Mr. Oliver .........00 0

BA) cscucgtnasameseneanise 24 5 6 Bilbrough, Mr. W. Nelson 100
Anon (Cross Street)......... 50 0 0 Blake, Mr. William......... 100
Anon (per Rev. J. E. Blazeby, Rev. William,

Odgers, M.A.) w...cceeeeee 15 0 0 Beds cuqeadiarvogedeonsaseess 5
Anon (Bolton) ........006000 10 0 0 Blurton, Mr. EB. .....eee 0
Anon (Oxford) .........66 os bk 1.0 Bolton, Mr. Alfred 8....... 21
Anon (per Rev. J. E. Booth, Mr. Alfred .......4. 100

Odgers, M.A.) .....:eeeee 100 Booth, Mr. Henry ......... 10
ANONYMOUS ......cceeeeeeeeee 1,000 0 0 Boothroyd, Mr. A. E....... 2
ANONYMOUS ...:.seeeseeeeeees 100 0 O | Boult, Miss L. ...........00. 10
Anthony, Rev. E. 8., M.A. 21 0 0 | Boult, The Misses ......... 15
Arlosh, Rev. J. and Mrs... 100 0 0 Boult, Mr. C. Re wc 10
Armstrong, Rev. R. A., Bowman, Mrs, C. ......e 5

BiAy peaniniaanien eee 1010 0 | Bowring, Mr. W.B. ...... 250
Aspland, Mrs. L. M. ...... 25 0 0 , Bowring, Mrs. E. ......... 100
Aspland, Miss Marion ... 100 Bowring, Miss Edith A... 1
Ashton, Mr. Thos. ......... 2,000 0 0 | Boys, Misses...... see
Ashton, Mr. Walter ...... 25 0 0 | Boys, Mrs. ...eeeeesseerees 2

Carried forward...£3,700 12 6 Carried forward...£4,627 1 0

 
152

 

 

 

£e Posie id.

Brought forward... 4,627 1 0

Bradshaw & Goss, Messrs. 15 0 0
Bramley, Mr. and Mrs,

Herbert ......... 10 10 0
Brierley, Mr. J 30 0 0
Brierley, Mr. J. Ty ws. 010 0
Briggs, Mr. A. C. we... 50 0 0
Briggs, Mrs. H. Currer ... 10 0 0
Briggs, Mrs. Thomas ...... 110
Brocklehurst, Mr. W. C.... 21 0 0
Bromiley, Mr. Ju... 5 0 0
Bromiley, Mr. Arthur...... 0 0
Bromley, Mr, Edward...... 110
Brooks, Mr. J. Howard,

Bil. sicsdsvaess 50 0 0
Brooks, Mrs. 5 0 0
Broughton, Mr. W. ......... 5 0 0
Brown, Mr.G. W.,B.A.... 500 0 0
Browne, Mrs. 8. W......... 50 0 0
Bruce, Mrs. .......ccseceeeaes 100 0 0
Brunner, Mr. JohnT.,M.P. 1,000 0 0
Buckton Mrs. G. we. 500 0 0
Buckton, Mr. Joshua ...... 600 0 0
Bullough, Mr. P............. 2 0 0
Burbery, Mr. J. H.......... 10 0 0
Burroughs, Mrs. E.......... 0 0
Burrows, Mr. Samuel...... 111 0
Bury Congregation (per

Rev. D. Walmsley, B.A.,

subscriptions amounting

to £60. 14s. 6d.)

Cameron, Mr. J., M.D. ... 50 0 0
Campbell, Mrs. John ...... 5 0
Carbutt, Miss Frances

(decd)! scisssvcwsantiaseazes 20 0 0
Carpenter, Mrs. J, Estlin 21 0 0
Carpenter, Dr. P. HL,

F.R.S. (decd.) oe 15 0 0
Carpenter, Mrs, R. L....... 10 0 0
Carpenter, Mr. R. Forbes 30 0 0
Carpenter, Mr. Wm. Lant

(CCCs) a sieisinencenasseany 25 0 0

Carried forward...£7,777 14 0

 

MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

 

£8.
Brought forward... 7,777 14
Carter, Miss E, A. ......... 15 0
Cartwright, Mr. Joshua... 0 10
Carver, Mr. W. J. (decd. ) 20 0
Case, Mrs. W. A. w.sessuee 5 5
Chalmers, Rev. Andrew... 10 0
Charles, Mr. Thomas ...... hy tl
Chase, Mr. J. Hu... 0 10
Chatham (subscriptions
per Rev. Fred Allen
£10. 10s. Od.)
Chatham, Part Proceeds of
Bazaar’ ab: siccissciagiwiaens 5 5
Clarke, Mr. Thos. Chatfeild 70 0
Clarke, Mr. Howard C. ... 11
Clephan, Mr. E. ............ 200 0
Cliff, Mrs. (decd.) .... 50 0
Cliff, Mrs. Ei cesses dev cenens 0
Cliff, Mr. Wm. D. ......... 25 0
Cobb, Mr. Edwd............. 5
Cochrane, Mr. Charles ... 210 0
Colfox, Mrs...ccccceeeces 110 0
Colfox, Mr. T. A. ww... 25 0
Colfox, Mr. W., B.A....... 2,000 0
Constable, Rev. B. O....... 0 10
Cooper, MYS.........0cccceeees 2 0
Coppock, Mrs. .......00...005 10 0
Coppock, Mr. John......... 3 0
Courtauld, Mr. 8. ......... 20 0
Cowen, Mr. G. R. ww... 10 0
Cox, Mr. George H. ...... 10 0
Cox, Mr Robert ............ 10 0
Crabtree, Mr. W. H. ...... 2 2
Crompton, Mr. J. W....... 21 0
Crook, Mrs. ........00eececee 10 0
Crook, Mrs, Edward ...... 2 2
Crook, Mrs. M. H. ......... 2 2
Crook, Mr. G. Hew... 2 2
Crook, Mr. J. B. Huw... 10 0
Crook, Mr. Robert ......... 2 0
Crook, Rev. L. G. Harris... 0 10
Cropper, Mr. cece 5 0

Carried forward...£10,658 19

Seo0 Cec oO oo &

oooococcocoo eco oe ee eo ool OoOCcUOCCCOCUCUOCCUOUCUCOCCDOCCOOCUC OCC COC CO oO
&,

Cross Street Congregation,
Manchester, Sums under

LA. seawsninceseinsinessnduven 2
(with subscriptions,
the amount collected
was £164. 7s. 6d.)
D’Alviella, Count Goblet... 5
Danks, Mr. Edward ...... 0
Danks, Mr, Peter............ 1
Danks, Mr. Thomas ...... 0
Darbishire, Mrs. R. D. ... 5
Darbishire, In Memory of
Mr. S. Ds vcceceseeeeeee 1,000
Davis, Rev. D., B.A. ...... 10
Davis, Rev. V. D., B.A... 5
Dearden, Mr. Thomas...... 2
Dendy, Rev. John, B.A.
(BGM) sestpcssuvcbiccees 2
Dobson, Rev. T. R. and Mrs. 25
Donovr’s first gift ............ 100
Ditto in memory of...... 100
Dowsing, Miss ............06 0
Dowson, Miss E. M......... 2
Dowson, Miss M...........6 5
Dowson, Miss 8. §.......... 15
Dowson, Rev. H. Enfield,
Be As vscinaahvnanabecayenacas 100

Drummond, Rev. R. B., B.A. 2
Drummond,Rev.W.H.,B.A. 5
Dunham Road Congrega-
tion — Collection (per
Rev. J. E. Odgers, M.A. 21
with subscriptions, the
amount collected was

£310. 4s.)
Dunkerley, Mr. A. ......... 5
Dunkerley, Mr. C. C....... 250
Dunkerley, Rev. T., B.A. 1
Eaton, Mr. Jas. .....ssceeee 2
Elgood, Mr. John'G. (decd. ) 10
Else, Misses ........:scs0eeees 5

Ely, Mr. Talfourd, M.A.... 1

APPENDIX.

s. d
Brought forward...10,658 19 6

onrF Oo

wNonooso

onan oOo oO WN

15

oOo

KF OoOOoONrF OO

ooooocoeo9o oooo oooo$9o

oo

oooocococo

Carried forward...£12,342 17 0

 

&.
Brought forward...12,342

 

 

  

Enfield, Mrs. Edward...... 30
Enfield, Mr. RB. 10
TEED Aisne oe castiriaatidcoiattncs 10
Evans, Miss M. A. .........
Evans, Rev. George, M.A. 1
Evans, Major John, C.E. 10
Evans, Rev. T. B., M.A.... 2
Evelegh, Mr. H. J. and Mrs, 4
Evers, Miss .............00008 1
Evers, Mr. and Mrs. C. ... 10
Evers, Mr. Frank............ 20
Field, Miss csccvssescecsenve 5
Field, Mr. Rogers ........... 25
Fielding, Mrs. R..........08 1
Forrester, Mrs............066 0
Fox, Rev. George..........0 5
Fox, Rev. A. W., B.A. ... 2
Freeman, Miss............... 5
Freeston, Rev. Frank K... 5
Friend (Surrey) ......sse00 50
Friend (Liverpool) 10
Friend (per Miss Hall) ... 4
Friend (Birmingham) ...... 0
Frost, Mr. Alfred, Senr.... 0
Fryer, Mr. As weeeeeeeee eee 1
Gair, Mr. H. W............ 1,000
Gair, Mr. H. W. (towards
opening expenses, £250.)
Gaskell, Mr. Holbrook..... 200
Geldart, Mrs. ....... 3
Gerrard, Mr. ves 1
Gibb, Miss .....cceceeeeeees 2
Gibson, Mr. Denston ...... 2
Gibson, Rev. Matthew..... 5
Gibson, Mr. R. H., B.A... 5
Gittins, Miss Edith......... 5
Gittins, Miss Elizabeth H.
Gittins, Mr. JamesH. and 40
FAMILY isrvravavendiwaes srs
Gittins, Miss M. C.......... 3
Goode, Mr. F. S.......eeeee 1

153

8.
Te

rHOoOOoOOrFrFN OF NOOO

me
oO

FOO ON O&O

10
10

aononocscncwne

1

SOoODMmeocoO COC COCO OCC AC COC OCC COC OC OC OC OC OC OOOO OS

ooooooccocoe

Carried forward,..£13,824 12 0
154

Brought forward...13,824 12

Gossage, Mr. F. H..........
Gow, Mrs. Mary Owen ...
Greg, Mr. Arthur............
Greg, Mr. Francis

Greg, Mr. Henry R. (decd. )

Greg, Mr. Robert P., F.G.S.
Green, Miss
Greenhow, Mrs. Anne......

Grimshaw, Mr. J. Stanfield

Grundy, Mrs. John.........
Guarantor ......cceceeseeeeeeee
Guilford, Miss
H.
Hadfield, Mrs. John
Hague, Mr. Edwin
Hale, Miss ............c000 cee
Hall, Miss. scsissnaaonsieciesnte
Hall, Miss.ssassasecaseea dave
Hall, Mr. J. Howard
Hall, Mr. Oscar 8. .........
Hampson, Miss (decd.) ...
Hands, Mr. W. J. oo...
Harding, Mr. Charles......
Harding, Mr. E. C..........
Harding, Mr. W. 8. . ...
Hargrove, Rev. C., M.A...
Harris, Mr. R., M.B. ......
Harris, Mr. Simon
Harris, Mr. W. ..........0..
Harrison, Miss (Platt) ...
Harrison, Miss..........00.0
Harrison, Mr. Charles W.
Harrison, Mr. Fredk. A...
Harrison, Mr,

Harrison, Mr. W. G.
Harrop, Mr. ......cccccceeeee
Harrop, Mr. R., M.A......
Harvey, Miss Anne.........
Harwood, Miss
Harwood, Mrs...
Harwood, Mr. J.

£. Ss.

1,000
5

25
250
50
2
500
101

ooooocoone

Oo

AHH OHH OH

25

70

55
21

onoooonwrneonrnccorcoooOrFCO COCO oO Sm

oaAN FO

1

oO

10
10

me
So
Oo
ocoooocnwmneoooc]eo

Carried forward,..£17,605 10 6

 

MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

&,
Brought forward,..17,605
Harwood, Mr, John......... 100
Harwood, Mrs. John ...... 50
Harwood, Rev. James, B. A. 21
Harwood, Mr. Thomas ... 25
Haselden, Misses ............ 5
Haslam, Mr. Ju... 0
Haslam, Mrs...........:..0008 20
Haslam, Mr. J. P. ......... 20
Haslam, Mr. L............0.4 25
Haslam, Mr. W. ........0.68 50
Hawksley, Mr. Charles ... 100
Hays, Mr. E. R. C., M.A. 5
Hayward, Mr. W. G. ...... 2
Hemming, Mr. H. ......... 0
H. P. In memory of the
late Mr. Edward Wright 10
Herford, Rev. Brooke, D.D. 10
Herford, Rev. R. Travers,
BAS scsaeeniton tienen: 10
Herford, Mr. W. H. and
MiSs. jestesiectonanteciness 380
Hewitt, Mr. John...,....... 1
Hewitt, Mr. Richard ...... 2
Heys, Mr. Richard T....... 2
Heywood, Mrs..........cceees 5
Heywood, Mr. James, M. A.,
BRAS. siciusisaespnedeasasics 20
Heywood, Mr. John, M.A. 50

Hicks, Mr. Geo. D., M.A. 2
Higginson, Miss Edith ... 2
Higginson, Miss H. E. ...
Higginson, Mrs. ............ 2
Higginson, Rev. P. M.,

 

 

MA scnvinesiicnieenanane seen 150
A Mise vecuesvisiiniens 2
Hill, Mr. Alfred ........0... 2
Hill, Mr. E. and Mrs....... 2
Hill, Mr. H. W. oe 21
Hill, Mr: Ressavsavecatenenine 2
Hincks, Rev. Thomas,

Bile ERiSy cpesaceiwess 10

Carried forward,..£18,410

S.
10

oooo9jcj$so

he
anoooeocsc#cosdsd

°

10

onNNH Oo

ooonwneoo

nooocogc»cecocoseo

Sao OSC OOOO ROD ODO OO eg &

ooooc9o;so oooo fo

ooo oo°o
£.
Brought forward...18,410

Hind, Mr. Jesse ............ 25
Holland, Miss 8. H. ...... 10
Holland, Mr. Walter ...... 500
Holland, Mr. W. T......... 2
Hollins, Mr. W. (decd.)... 5,000
Holmes, Mr. Alfred......... 0
Holmes, Mr. Maxwell...... 0
Holt, Mr. Alfred............ 500
Holt, Mr. George............ 1,500
Holt, Mr. Thomas ......... 5
Holt, Mr. William ......... 5
Hope Street Congrega-

tion, Liverpool — Col-

lection (per Rev. R.

A. Armstrong, B.A, 98

with subscriptions the

amount collected was

£123. 2s.)
Houghton, Mrs. (decd. )... 10
Houghton, Mr. W. D....... 100
Howard, Mr. Edwin, M.D. 1
Howarth, Mr. John......... 0
Howe, Miss ..........c.cc000 1
Howorth, Rev. Franklin,

In Memoriam, per Rev.

8. A; Steinthal ........... 105
Hudson, Mrs. and Miss

Pownall ......cecccesseeceers 5
Hughes, Mrs. Henry ...... 10
Hull Congregation (per Mr.

H.S. Perris, B.A., sub-

scriptions amounting to

£7. 5s.)
Hungarian Students ...... 8

Hunter, Mrs. Stephenson, 1
Ierson, Rev. Henry, M.A.

(Getd.) ssaisciscarreracersss 2
In Memoriam—W. J. L.... 10
Jacks, Rev. L. P., M.A.... 10
Jacks, Mrs. L. P. ou... 5
James, Mr. Hugh ......... 1

APPENDIX.

onmnooon #

10
10

ooo °o

oNrFO SO

10

eooocw

coo eo AO MeO COC COO OS

ono oco Oo

o

ooo o 0°

 

Carried forward,,.£26,3826 9 6

 

&.
Brought forward...26,326

   

Je Reviendrai ...........0.. 1
Jecks, Mr. Charles ......... 1
Jeffery, Mr. Henry ......... 1
Jevons, Mr. Arthur......... 10
Johnson, Mr. Jas. ......... 0
Johnson, Mrs. .........c0eee 5
Johnson, Miss ............648 5
Jolly, Mr. W. CG. vc eeeees 50
Jones, Mr. C. W.........6... 1,000
Jones, Miss Frances......... 5
Jones, Miss Louisa ......... 5
Jones, Mrs. R. Crompton 10
Jones, Rev. E. Ceredig,

Ms Bar aastusvancvmeseatactane 2
Jones, Rev. Owen J......... 1
Jones, Rev. T. Lloyd ...... 10
Kempson, Mr. W. ......... 25
Kendall, Mr. John, B.A.

(LOCOS). enews sveniweseastinns 10
Kenny, Mr. Courtney...... 10
Kenrick, Miss Rebecca

(Bee) -cswissaiusacsstieonttves 10
Kenrick, Miss R............. 1
Kenrick, Miss S............ 5
Kenrick, Mr. J. Av... 150
Kensett, Mr. James......... 1

Kinder, Miss Emma........
Kirkham, Mrs. .........6
Kirkham, Mr. Arthur 1

 

Kitson, Mr. F. J... 25
Kitson, Mrs. F. W. ...... 100
Kitson, Sir J., Bart., M.P. 500
Knight, Mr. Robert......... 10

Lake, Rev. J. W. and Mrs. 1

Lake, Mr. Wm. Robert ... 10
Lakin, Mr. Michael H. ... 11
Lalor, Miss E. ........0. 0 1
Lambert, Misses ..........+-

Langston, Mr. F. W. ...... 5
Lawford, Mr. Percy......... 2
Lawson & Ormerod, Messrs. 20

155
s de
9 6
0 0
0 0
10
0 0
5 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 0
1 0
0 0
0 0
0
10
0 0
10 0
0 0
0 0
0 6
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 0
10 0
0 0
1 0
0 0
5 0
2 0
0 0

Carried forward,..£28,344 18 0
156

£.

Brought forward...28,344
Lawrence, Miss A. J. .....- 10
Lawrence, Mrs. Alfred ... 25
Lawrence, Mr. Edwin...... 250
Lawrence, Mr. Fredk. W. 10
Lawrence, Sir J. C., Bart. 500
Lawrence, Sir William ... 500

Lee, Mr. E. H.......eeeeeeees 2

Lee, Mr. Thomas Grosvenor 50
Leigh, Mrs. Edmund ...... 5
Leigh, Mr. George H. ; on

behalf of himself, sister

and brothers, in memory

of their father, the late

Mr. Henry Leigh, of

Moorfield, Swinton ...... 500
Lewis, Mr. Robert ......... 0
Leys, Mr. Feeccessceseeeeees 2
Little, Mr. D. A. (in

memory of Mr. Geo.

Little, Q.C.)....ccceceeneee 25
Little, Mr. D. Av... 2
Little, Mrs. D. A.....ceee 1
Lister, Misses ..........:006 90
Lister, Mr. I. 8. wc... 3
Lloyd, Miss B..........0000 0
Lloyd, Miss F. M. ......... 0
Lloyd, Miss J. W. ...... 1
Lloyd, Rev. J. B.......... 2
Lloyd, Mr. T. Howard ... 10

Lockwood, Mr. George ... 2

Long, Mr. William ......... 350
Lord, Mrs Gusiiccsessevees 0
Lucas, Miss 0.0.0... 0
Lucas, Miss Alice A......... 1
Luccock, Mrs. vc. 180

Lupton, Miss Charlotte

(CoC s) winenesrinieanmeeaye 5
Lupton, My. and Mrs, Chas, 15
Lupton, Mr. F. M. ......... 50
Lupton, Mr. John (decd.) 100
Lupton, Mrs. John ......... 5

8.
18
10

0

0
10

oe a)

oS

oooco

ooo ooeo oa oo eB

c2conanocododcodcocoenaneocno fof

ooococoo

Carried forward,..£80,995 4 6

 

MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

 

£.
Brought forward...30,995
Lupton, Mr.Joseph(decd.) 500
Maclellan, Rev. R. E. B.
(deeds) -geciceiiessieengears A.
Mahler, Mr. John 10
Malleson, Mr. William ... 10
Manning, Miss E. A. ...... 5
Marriott, Mr. W. T. ...... 500
Marshall, Mr. Edwin W... 21
Martineau, Miss Caroline... 10
Martineau, Miss Jane §.... 5
Martineau, Miss Mary ... 10
Martineau, Miss S. ......... 5
Martineau, Mrs. G. (decd. ) 20
Martineau, Mr. David...... 35
Martineau, Mr. Ernest ... 2
Martineau, Mr. P. M.,
LL.B; (Bi As. scastessensnss’ 10
Martineau, Sir Thomas and
Lady sitrscncausacessen anaes 20
Mathers, Mr. J. S. ......... 25
Matthews, Rev. Charles...
Matthews, Mrs. G. 8....... 1
Meade-King, Miss ......... 1
Meade-King, Mr. R. R. ... 50
Mill Hill Chapel, Leeds ... 76
Mitchell, Mr. Wm........., 5
Monks, Mr. Fi... 50
Monks, Mr. F. W. ........ 20
Montgomery, Rev. J. K... 1
Moore, Mr. Joseph ......... 3
Moore, Rev. John........... 2
Mei Accuses tssesntiiercosinas 1
Morton, Mr. H. J. 0... 20
Morton, Mrs. wo... 1
Mott, Mr. C. G. we. 10
Nettlefold, Mr. F. ......... 1,000
Nettlefold, Mrs...........008 210
Nettlefold, Miss M. E...... 1
Nettlefold, Mr. J. 8. 0... 10
New, Mr. Geoffrey ......... 5
Newman, Professor F, W. 20

 

on

ooooocoo.;€c

10

coooooorcoonwrooconooroeooeo:se

om

oooococococoococoe°9eo

oS

coooeoooeoeoeeooeocoooMaoo Fee eS

 

Carried forward,..£38,674 2 0
&.

Brought forward. ..33,674
New Meeting House, Kid-
derminster ; Collection
(per Rev, E, D. Priestley

FRWANS)> fc vescneianasavenisens 6
No die Piaserixeetineavteatisan 100
Nicholson, Mrs. ............ 1
Nicholson, Mr. J. Holme,

Mis Ais Sits'etinns eediaten tana 10
Nicholson, Mrs. Robert ... 5
Nicholson, Rev, R. T.,

M.A. csiaieainenasens antener 1

Northgate End Congrega-
tion, Halifax — Collec-
tion (per Rev. E, Millson) 9

Norton, Mr. BR. oes 100
Nuttall, Miss.........0000. 3
OARS saananasiana ania nnn eates 15
Octogenarian ............00 60
Odgers, Mrs........cccseseeees 50

Odgers, Mr. Charles Edwin 5
Odgers, Rev. J. Collins,

Bil. ssagcivacpeconenavennse 100
Odgers, Rev. J. E., M.A... 250
Odgers, Mr. W. Blake,

 

M.A., LL.D., Q.C. ...... 50
Old Student .........0.6. 00
Old Student .......... cece 1
Oldham, Mrs, O. ..........45
Oram, Mr. E., Senr......... 2
Osler, Mr. A. F., F.R.S... 500
Osler, Mrs. A. F.........0.. 10
Osler, Mr. Richard S....... 10
Osler, Mrs. T. Smith ...... 20
Paget, Mr. Alfred ......... 100
Paget, Miss C. J.........e 5
Paget, Miss L. ..........00++ 5
Parnall, Rev. F., B.A......
Patrick, Mr. David......... 3
Pearson, Mr.C. F.,and Mrs. 100
Peterson, Mr. T. W........- 5
Peyton, Miss Mary ......... 3

Carried forward.,.£35,216

APPENDIX. 157

8.
2

ooooo oF

oo

wnmneoeoewoonsnecododoaonododscaosd

» ds
0

ooooococoso

EE ol > a —

 

£ s, d
Brought forward...85,216 5 6
Peyton, Mr. Richard ...... 50 0 0
Peyton, Mrs. R. ............ 30 0 0
Pilkington, Mr..........0004. 05 0
Pinnock, Mr. F. ............ 010 6
Pinnock, Mr. J. G. ......... 010 6
Platt Chapel, Manchester

(per Rev. C. T. Poynting,

B.A., subscriptions

amounting to £25, 13s.)

Pollitt, Mr. Wo. 25 0 0
Potter, Mrs. and family... 410
Pownall, Miss (Chester) ... 0 0
Poynting, Rev.C. T., B.A., 5 0
Poynting, Professor J. H.,

M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S. ... 5 5 0
Pratt, Mr. Hodgson ...... 20 0 0
Preston, Mr. J. T. wo... 5 5 0
Price, Mr. W. P. (decd.).. 500 0 0
Pritchard, Mr. Ion ......... 110
Ramsden, Mr. D. K, ...... 5 0 0
Rathbone, Mr. R. R. ...... 20 0 0
Rathbone, Mr.Wm.,M.P. 105 0 0
Raworth, Mr. ©. ............ 2 2 0
Rawson, Mr, Harry......... 50 0 0
Read, Mrs. (Leeds) ......... 100 0 0
Reid, M188) siassisdinass staoicae 15 0 0
Rendle, Mr. J. S..........04 100

Renshaw Street Congrega-

tion, Liverpool—(Collec-

tion per Rev. L. P. Jacks,

My Ae) ainunsanvoreantaasinsa 149 10 0
Revision Surplus, Part of

(per Rev. G. Vance

Smith, D.D.) ........ 126
Ride, Rev. George .........
Ridings, Mrs. ........sseee
Rivington Congregation

(per Rev. 5. Thompson,

subscriptions amounting

to £29. 2s. 6d.)
Robberds, in memory of

the late Rev. J. G. ...... 200 0 0

moe
ro Ww
oS

Carried forward,..£36,644 4 6
158 MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

 

 
 

£, 8. di.
Brought forward...36,644 4 6
Roberts, Lady Cecilia...... 100
Robinson, Mr. R............. 20 0 0
Robinson, Rev. W. W. ... 100
Robson, Mrs. Ann (decd.) 100 0 0
Rollason, Mr. F. J.......... 05 0
Rooke, Mr, ‘Ty. s.issesvsssvess 0 5 0
Roper, Rev. Charles, B.A. 2 0 0
Roscoe, Miss.........se0e0ee0s 220
Rowland, Mr. J. H... ...... 25 0 0
Rowlands, Mr. T............ 5 0 0
Rural Church of Highgate,
near Whitechurch ...... 2 0 6
Rushton, Rev. Adam ...... 100
Russell, Miss..........06.00008 44 0
Russell, Miss Ellen ......... 0 5 0
Russell, Miss L. A.......... 0 5 0
Russell, Mrs............066 08 10 0 0
Russell, Mr.T. H., and Mrs. 8 3 0
Rutt, Mrs. Henry ......... 4 4 0
Ryland, Mr. T. W.......... 22 0
Ryland, Mr. W. H......... 110
Sadler, Mrs. .........cccceeees 5 0 0
Sawyer, Mrs. J. ........04 7 0 0
Schunck, Mrs, ........ 0.054 150 0 0
Schunck, Miss F............. 50 0 0
Schunck, Mr. J. Edwd. .., 50 0 0
Schwabe, Mrs. Salis ...... 50 0 0
Schwann, Mr. F. S......... 20 0 0
Schwann, Mr. J. Frederick 550 0 0
Scott, Miss “ae 25 0 0
Scott, Miss C. we. 5 0 0
Scott, Mr. J. Wee 20 0 0
Scott, Mr. Russell ......... 250 0 0
Scruton, Mr. Victor......... 010 6
Searle, Mr. Charles ........ 100
Seaton, Alderman ......... 100
Be St arieyestemraasenie nes 110

S. G., in memory of the
Rev. Dr. Lant and Mrs,
Carpenter ; also three
brothers and two sisters 10 0 0

Carried forward...£38,024 12 6

 

Brought forward...38,024 12

SE OWes cssisnew cadence netannan
Shaen, Miss A. E. .........
Shaen, Miss M. F. .........
Shaen, Mrs. .......... ie
Shaen, Rev. Richard,M.A.

(eed) scsusisessiicanasieeyes
Shakspeare, Miss Caroline
Shannon, Mrs, E. W......
Sharpe, Miss Anna .........
Sharpe, Miss C. ............
Sharpe, Miss Emily.........
Shawcross, Mr. Wm. ......
Shipman, Miss.............+5
Simpson, Mr. W...... aasews
Skegg, Miss
Skinner, Mr. George Henry
Smith, Miss E............66
Smith, Miss J. Durning...
Smith, Miss M. C. .........
Smith, Mrs. Brook .........
Smith, Rev. G. Vance,

DDirsnanuiansonindanetbargon
Smith, Mr. H. Lakin

(Bec) ciscnic ceca tadnesiinss
Smith, Mr. Howard S. ...
Smith, Mr. James .........
Smith, Rev. J. Fw.
Smith, Rev. J. W. .........
Smith, Mr. J. W. A. ......
Smith, Mr. John W. ......
Smith, Mr. Priestley ......
Smith, Mrs. Priestley......
Smith, Mr. W., LL.D. ...
Smithells, Mrs............0
Smithells, Misses...
Squire, Mr. and Mrs. E.

Burmard..... .....ccseseeeee
Standring, Mr. John ......
Stanley, Rev. F. W. ......
Street, Rev. James C.......
Street, Rev. C. J., M.A...

  

 

 

Carried forward...£38,8384 10 6

xi iy de
6
10 0 0
20 0 0
0 0
0 0
21 0 «0
5 0 0
10 0 0
6 60
10 0 0
80 (0
200 0 0
2 2 9
20 6
110
10 9
010 6
300 0 0
700
6 3 0
5 5 0
1010 0
50 0 0
75 0 0
Lae 0
010 0
010 6
22 0
5 0 0
22 0
5 5 0
5 0 0
25 0
25

oa a)
a a
oooo°o
APPENDIX.

& s d
Brought forward...38,834 10 6
Suffield, Rev. R. R. (decd. ) 110
Swaine, Mrs. M. ............ 60 0 0
Swanwick, Mrs. ............ 100 0 0
Swanwick, Miss Anna...... 90 0 0
Swanwick, Mr. Eustace M. 3.3 °0
Sykes, The Misses ......... 10 0 0
Talbot, Miss............ccceee 25 0 0
Talbot, Mrs............cseeeee 5 0 0
Tate, Mr. Henry............ 10,000 0 0
Tate, Mr. Henry, Junr.... 500 0 0
Tate, Mr. Wm. H.......... 500 0 0
Taunton Congregation —

Collection (per Rev.

Jeffery | Worthington,

Bik) vecinitaccimciane ed 5 6 6
Tayler, Rev. H. 8., M.A. 21 0 0
Taylor, Mrs. Charles ...... 50 0 0
Taylor, Mr. F.,M.P........ 100 0 0
Taylor, Mr. Frank ......... 50 0 0
Taylor, Mr. J. Eu... 350 0 0
Taylor, Mr. J. Po... eeceeees 10 0 0
Taylor, Rev. J. and Mrs... Ede @
Taylor, Mr. William ...... 25 0 0
Thistlethwaite, Mr. T. ... 5 0 0
Thom, Rev. J. Hamilton.. 40 0 0
Thomas, Mr. Charles ...... 100 0 0
Thomas, Rev. Thomas ... 010 0
Thomasson, Mr. J. P....... 1,050 0 0
Thompson, Mr. George

Carslake ......:ccseeeeeeeees 10 0 0
Thompson, Mr. H. Wool-

COU. si issatobeadiandeneniens 10 0 0
Thornely, Miss Isabella A. 5 0 0
Thornely, Mr. James ...... 10 0 0
Thornely, Mr. William ... 50 0 0
Timmins, Rev. Thomas and

MIS, agvussindsiisemsacitesinnwne 010 6
Titterton, Mrs. G. .......- 010 6
Todd, Miss E. A.........00- 150 0 0
Toller, Mrs. .......c000 eeenee 100
Tolmé, Mrs, ..... cecsseeeeees 10 0 0

 

 

Carried forward...£52,183 13 0

 

159

£ ss d

Brought forward...52,183 13 0

Tranter, Mr. W. J.......... 0 2 6
Trevelyan, Lt.-Col. W.

Ral OD sis:cksaks a seal pean 38.0 0
Tribe, Miss ..........ccceeeee 110
Troup, Mr. John ............ 30 0 0
Tucker, Rev. W. L., B.A., 110
Upton, Rev. Charles B.,

By Ass BaSes ge siotenncsiais 21 0 0
Valentine, Miss ......... .. 800 0 0
Vose, Mr. Robert............ 2 2 0
Wain, Rev. Joseph ......... 0 5 0
Walker, Rev. Benjamin ... 100
Wallace, Miss ..........00. 5 0 0
Walmsley, Rev, Douglas,

Bids. teguasiauehenamncanatys 20 0 0
Walmsley, Mr. G. J. ...... 10 0 0
Ward, Mr. John ............ 50 0 0
Ward, Mr. Thomas F, 2 2 0
Warren, Miss ............... 30 0 0
Warren, Mr. Thomas P.... 50 0 0
Warwick, Leamington and

Kenilworth (per Rev. J.

W. Lake, subscriptions

amounting to £20. 2s.)
Webb, Mrs. Gio.ceeeeee 10 0 0
Wells, Mrs. G. H. uo... 200 0 0
Wharam, Mr. C. ............ 010 6
Whetstone, Mr. William... 100 0 0
White, Miss ...c.cccece 40 0 0
White, Miss Mary ......... 100 0 0
Whitfield, Miss H. M...... 20 0
Whitfield, Mr. 8. (decd. )... 110
Wild, Mr. and Mrs......... 110
Wilde, Mr. Henry, F.R.S. 100 0 0
Wilkinson, Mr. W.......... 1. 1. 0
Winder, Mr. T. H.......... 5 0 0
Wilson, Mr. ...... cece 110
Wilson, Mr. Donald, B.A. 110
Wilson, Rev. J. R., M.A. 5 0 0
Wilson, Sir Roland K.,

Barbs aaaaescinsiincs am ciate 10 0 0

 

 

Carried forward...£53,288 2 0
160

&.
Brought forward.,.53,288
Wood, Miss .......eccsseeeee 1

Wood, Miss K. M............ 0
Wood, Mr. Charles ......... 5
‘Wood, Mr. Humphrey ... 1
Wood, Mrs. Humphrey ... 1
Wood, Mr. J. ciceeeeeeeeeeee 1
Wood, Mr. John ............ 1
Wood, Rev. Joseph......... 1
Wood, Mis. sisaoresvarevees 1
Wood, Mr. M. Arnold ... 0
Woolley, Miss ..........0000 1
Woolley, Mr. Alfred ...... 1
Wormald, Mr. D. A. ...... 0
Worsley, Mr. Philip(decd.) 100
Worsley, Mr. P. J.,B.A... 100
Worsley, Mr. Richard....., 100
Worthington, Mr. A. H.,

Bis. ssavenvanseaipenivcansts 23
Worthington, Mr. A. W.,

To eAY Coaertiyss a cusicsang eae 30

 

Ss.

2
1
10

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10

ie

10

0

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0

 

Carried forward.,.£58,657 38 0

 

MANCHESTER COLLEGE.

&.

Brought forward...58,657
Worthington, Mrs. A. W. J,
Worthington, Mr. Edgar... 5
Worthington, Mrs. J....... 1,000
Worthington, Mr. S. B....
Worthington, Mr. Thos.,
EARL Bide -sicssiesaceees 50

Worthington, Mr. W. B... 10

Worshippers in the College
Chapel, Oxford............ 84
Wright, Mrs. W........066 10
Wrigley, Miss .. ........00. 5
Wrigley, Mr. C. E.......... 5

Wrigley, Mr. Edwin G.
(Cede) sassciensnwissdncins 100
Wrigley. Mr. Fred.......... 5
Wylie, Mr. J. Hu... 10
Re aaansed aesnudaite vanacnennanny 1
X (Stalybridge) ............. 1
Young, Mr. Howard ...... 2
Young, Mr. T. Pallister... 2
£55,002

°

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11

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AK
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

En SHemoriam.

 

 
 

 

HENRY RUSSELL GREG,

Or Lops Hu, HanprortH, CHESHIRE,
Memprr or THE Commirrer or Mancusster New CoLiecs,
1859—1866, anp 1869—1893.

Presipent, 1888—1893.

Diep 16TH January, 1894.

AGED 61 Y3Ears.

 

 
 

 

JOSEPH LUPTON,
Or CuHapsL ALLERTON, LEEDS,
MeEmMBER OF THE ComMITTEE oF MancHesteR NEw CoLuzcs,
1861—1893.
Presipent, 1881—1886.
Vicre-PRESIDENT, 1886—1893.

 

Diep 177TH January, 1894.
Agrep 78 YEARS.

 

 
H. RAWSON AND CO., PRINTERS, MANCHESTER.