peers aia ss Linisgetelata! he alesphox mci) eee st ell pace bere" pect Cee Presa ee eee ya inant * qa Be mae Hin vathteas rae “ ean e es tH ee Sn rat Peete te oie HO Ses ort nates ariel 1 iG Sea pe Paneer bi rayne CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF Professor Albert H, Wright érlibrary Loa 1883 Le GAYLORD PRINREDINU.S.A. Cornell eet Library CS71.S72 C15 1881 Thi 924 029 771 olin SQ Sw WSS AS ‘ Itt SS I \ SS WS N SANv SO ROYAL SOUTHWICK. (Sze PacE 376.) GENEALOGY OF THE DESCENDANTS OF LAWRENCE AND CASSANDRA SOUTHWICK OF SALEM, MASS. Lhe original emigrants, and the ancestors of the families who have since borne his name. BY JAMES M. CALLER, or Sate, Mass. Mrs. M. A. OBER, oF ScioTa, N.Y. SALEM, MASS. : J. H. CHOATE & CO., PRINTERS, 1881. THE FOLLOWING ILLUSTRIOUS PERSONS WERE EITHER QUAKERS, OR DESCENDANTS OF QUAKERS. William Penn, a Quaker. Solomon Southwick, of Newport, R.I, son of a Quaker. Solomon Southwick, of Albany, N.Y., grandson of a Quaker. Isaac T. Hopper, of Philadelphia, Pa., a Quaker. Elias Hicks, of New York, a Quaker Preacher. General Nathaniel Greene, of Rhode Island, son of a Quaker Preacher. Lucretia Mott, of Philadelphia, Pa., a- Quaker Preacher, and daughter of Quaker parents, of Nan- tucket, R. I. / Abraham Lincoln, son of Quaker parents. John Bright, of Birmingham, England, a Quaker, and son of a Quaker, Jacob Bright. John Greenleaf Whittier, a Quaker Poet, of Quaker parents. INTRODUCTION. T is a laudable part of human nature to desire to know as much as is possible of its Ancestry, in order to contemplate the various forms of religion and govern- ment, and their civilizing influences. It is paradoxical that any religion should ever have been vindictive; rob- bing, torturing and murdering (for, the glory of God and the salvation of souls) all who would not conform to their bigoted and tyrannical ideas of religious duty. But amidst all these persecutions there have been a few noble and fearless people who adopted the motto that‘ re- sistance totyrants was obedience to God,” thereby planting the good seed which has grown by slow and sure growth, developing the truest and best theocracy and democracy. It is always interesting and profitable to read the say- ings and doings of good, noble, independent people, who have battled heroically against wrong in all ages and who have been martyrs for truth’s sake. It is a sad and dark picture to contemplate the history of the Purdtans, who fled trom persecutions only to be- come worse persecutors in turn; leaving homes and kindred, coming to this then wilderness country to enjoy religious liberty, and by their dishonest practices with the Indians incurring not only their contempt but their hatred and vengeance. Itis said the Puritans were continually in danger of the tomahawk of the Indian iii iv INTRODUCTION. here, and the perfidy of a corrupt and profligate Court in England. The Indians were not long in discovering the want of good faith and common honesty practised by the Puritans, hence their hostility, which was dreadful in the pious Puritans’ eyes. How different was the example of William Penn, who founded a colony and dealt honestly with the Indians, and whose treaty with them, as Voltaire says, ‘‘was the only treaty ever made which was not sworn to, and the only treaty which was ever sacredly observed.” In the course of thirty-five years after the landing of the Pilgrims in 1620, there came to these shores a peace- loving people called Friends or Quakers, who were a sober, industrious, thrifty, truth-loving people, who soon came under the terrible scourge of these intolerant Puri-, tans, and were whipped, imprisoned, fined, banished and hung for having the audacity to love and embrace the truth as taught by George Fox. It is said that the blood of the martyrs was the seed of the Church, so of the noble martyrs who shed their blood in the cause of truth and honest religion, and who have taught bigots in religion that Aozesty is the only true basis for any religion, and have produced a public senti- ment which has broken the chains of the slave and has taught people the simple lesson that in order to have your rights respected you must respect the. rights of others. In noble contrast with Governor John Endicott, of Massachusetts, stands William Penn, who founded a Colony on the principle of equal and exact justice to all, white, red and black; he tolerated and respected all religious opinions, and would not take the large sum of $80,000 due his father, Admiral William Penn, from the English government, because it was earned in War, INTRODUCTION. Vv but took in lieu a deed of Pennsylvania, and then came over and told the Indians that although he had a deed of their lands he did not consider that he owned a foot of it. For seventy years no white person was killed in Pennsyl- vania by the Indians, and they did not carry weapons of defence. There is a tradition that the Quaker garb is a pass- port of safety to the wearer to this day amongst the Indians on our Continent. Lord Baltimore, a Roman Catholic, founded a colony where all religions could be enjoyed without molestation. Roger Williams, a Baptist, founded a colony where all religious opinions were protected. That nobility which prefers Right to Power is the truest Aristocracy of the world. Jas. M. CaLier. THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. PREAMBLE Setting forth reasons and causes for separating and dissenting Srom the Established Church of the old Colony of Massachu- setts Bay by the Quakers in 1656. WHEN from a clear conviction of our inherent R/ rights and duties as conscientious and humble Neae followers of that noble man George Fox, the w apostle of peace and good-will on earth; who dared brave the corruptions of a venal, corrupt and tyrannical church and boldly proclaim those eternal principles of truth and right which were clearly in accord with the best teachings of the Bible; we feel that it would be just to set forth the reasons for leav- ing a church which was the right hand of political power and was a power behind the throne greater than the throne, hence Church and State—church first, which sought to crush and destroy all independ- ence in Church or State. “We deem our salvation to be an individual work which we cannot do by proxy or for another. ‘‘We deem it proper to eat our bread by the sweat of our brows. ao 0 I 2 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. “We deem it proper to wear the yoke of self-de- nial, and inculcate by our practice as well as by our precepts our friendship for all our fellow-creatures, as we are all God’s children. “We deem it proper to beat our swords into plough- shares and our spears into pruning-hooks, and to re- fuse to participate in any and all wars against our fel- low-men. “We deem it proper to declare and proclaim to all the world our abhorrence of all wars, and our zzde- pendence of all despotic rulers, either spiretual or temp- oral, “We deem it our duty to have all ovr children and all children under our care educated sufficiently to read and write, in order that all persons at mature age may be able to read and interpret the Scriptures for themselves, in order that the /zgh¢ within may direct aright. ‘Ask and it shall be given you: seek and ye shall find: knock and it shall be opened unto you.”— Matt. VII, 7. “While we recognize our Duty towards our God, we utterly refuse to bow the head to any earthly po- tentate, for we cannot serve two masters. “We deem it proper to declare and protest against the cruel and vindictive persecutions of our (so- called) Christian Church, and we proclaim our inde- pendence of the same, and we recognize the true brotherhood of man. “The seeds thus sown brought forth a class of sturdy independent thinkers who were the men who boldly declared for the /dependence of our Country in 1776.” TUISTORICAL BATRAGIS. From SOUTH COAST SAUNTERINGS IN ENGLAND. HERE was printed in the county of Hampshire a curious ‘Annual Repository,” two volumes of which I have been enabled, through the kindness of a friend, to examine. These are records of the agri- cultural, social and religious condition of the various parishes in the county and many entertaining accounts of their antiquities. Of the latter, I was struck with the form of a conveyance by Henry I. (A. D. 1133) of land to Southwick Priory: “I will and firmly de- cree that the said canons, their officers and servants, shall have and hold all their possessions... . free and. unmolested from shirgs and hundreds and all manner of suits, pleas and complaints and payments for murders and larcenies, from homsuchen and forest law, from scutage and hidage, gelds, denegelds and homgelds, assorts, assizes, dodande, saides, sum- mages, avepenny and hundred-penny, miskinnings and blodewyte.”— M/. D. Conway, Harper's Monthly, Vol. 39, page 344. SEWEL’S HISTORY OF THE QUAKERS. IN 1657, William Shattuck, a shoe maker of Bos- ton, being on the first day of the week found at his 2 3 4 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. house instead of coming to the place of worship was taken to the house of correction, where at his first entrance he was cruelly whipped and then kept at work whilst his wife and innocent children were in want on account of his absence. Richard Bellingham, Deputy Governor, said to William’s wife that since he was poor and could not pay five shillings per week for not coming to church they should keep him in prison. John Copeland and Christopher Holder coming to Dedham were taken by the Constable to Boston, when being brought before the Governor, John Endi- cott, he satd in a rage ‘ye shall be sure to have your ears cut off.” Soon after, John Rouse came to Boston and was arrested and putinto prison. Then Governor Endicott called the three prisoners by name and said im a great passion, it is the sentence of the Court that you three have each of you his right ear cut off by the hangman. The sentence was executed in private. In 1658, Sarah Gibbons and Dorothy Waugh came to Boston, and having spoken in the public meeting- place, were brought to the house of correction, and three days before and three days after being whipped were not allowed to have victuals, although they offered to pay for them; and when Sarah afterwards asked Governor Endicott whether this was justice and equity, he answered that it mattered not. Not long after, Hored Gardner, an inhabitant of Rhode Island, came with her sucking babe and a girl to carry it to Weymouth. Being a Quaker she was hurried to Boston, where both she and the girl were HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 5 whipped with a three-fold knotted whip. Hored after being whipped knelt down and prayed the Lord to forgive their persecutors. Daniel and Provided Southwick, son and daughter of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick, seeing how unreasonably their honest parents and brother Josiah were dealt with, felt themselves encouraged to follow their steps and not frequent the assemblies of such a persecuting generation; for which absence they were fined ten pounds, though it was well known they had no estate. To get this money an order was issued in the General Court at Boston that they should be sold as slaves to any of the English nation at Virginia or Barbadoes to answer said fines. REV. JOHN SELBY WATSON’S LIFE OF GEORGE FOX. IN 1656 two women, Mary Fisher and Ann Austin, came to Boston to preach as humble followers of George Fox. There had been no law made against Quakers in New England, yet Richard Billingham, the Deputy Governor, committed these two women to prison on their landing, as being of the sect called Quakers, because one of them in speaking to him said ‘‘thow” instead of “you.” They were afterwards barbarously treated ; they were undressed and searched on pretence of ascertaining whether they were “Witches.” They were kept in-confinement jive weeks and al- most starved; and at last the captain of a vessel was forced to carry them back to England, and the jailor 6 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. kept their beds, which had been brought on shore, for jail fees: such was the “‘evtertaznment” the Quak- ers first met with at Boston from a people who pre- tended that for conscience sake they chose the wilds of America rather than the well-cultivated Old Eng- land. Four male and four female ‘‘ Quakers” who landed about a month afterwards were treated in a similar manner by Governor Endicott, and after eleven weeks stay were shipped back to England. Cassandra Southwick was arrested July, 1656, for absence from worship. A law was then made prohibiting all masters of ships from bringing ‘‘ Quakers ” to New England and ‘ Quakers” themselves from landing there under pen- alty of imprisonment. Quakers, however, still continued to appear in New England, and most cruel measurcs were adopted for their exclusion. At length two “ Quakers,” William Robinson, a London trader, and Marmaduke Steven- son, an agriculturist from Yorkshire, both of whom persisted in frequenting Boston and the neighbor- hood, were ordered by the court to keep themselves out of its jurisdiction “ wzdér patn of death,’ and as they did not feel “free in gmind” to obey the order, were in the latter part of the year 1659 actually hanged, and their dead bodies were stripped and mangled by the hands of the mob. A woman named Mary Dyer was executed soon afterwards. And in the early part of the following year William Leddra and Wenlock Christison were also hung for same reasons, AISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 7 But these proceedings, which far surpassed any- thing that had been done against the “ Quakers” in England, excited the attention of the English people as well as the ‘ Quakers” themselves, and an applica- tion being made to the King, Charles II, a mandamus was addressed by the English government to the au- thorities of New England, directing that if there were any ‘ Quakers” in that country under sentence of imprisonment, corporeal punishment or death, the proceedings against them should be stopped and they should be sent over to England to be dealt with ac- cording to English laws. This order was so far obeyed that the ‘ Quakers” who were then in prison were set at liberty, and three deputies, Colonel Temple, a priest named Norton, and Simon Broadstreet, one of the magistrates, were sent over to England to inform the King of their re- lease and to deprecate his displeasure. During their stay in England George Fox and some of his friends found an opportunity of speaking to them and charged them boldly, at least Norton and Broadstreet (who acknowledged that they were con- cerned in the persecutions), with murder, in having, though subjects of England, put to death peaceable citizens, not by English laws, but by arbitrary enact- ments of their own; and many of the old Royalists says “Sewel” were earnest with the “ Quakers” to bring the New England persecutors or as many of them as possible to trial, but George Fox replied that he would leave them to A/z7 to whom vengeance belonged, and consequently nothing was done in the matter. 8 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. It does not appear that any more “ Quakers” were put to death in New England, but persecutions were not discontinued and ill-treatment of them by whip- ping, imprisonment, and other modes of vexation were indulged to a great extent. BisHop’s NEW ENGLAND JUDGED. In 1657, Lawrence Southwick and Cassandra his wife, an aged and grave couple, inhabitants of Salem, Mass., and members of First church, who for enter- taining two strangers, viz.: John Copeland and Chris- topher Holder, were committed to prison at Boston. Lawrence was released as being a member of First church, to be dealt with by said congregation; but Cassandra was kept in prison seven weeks and then fined forty shillings for owning a paper written by the two aforesaid strangers in reference to the truth and the Scriptures. Gov. Endicott putting questions to her to ensnare her and bring her under the law, which was illegal, said law being enacted to punish any person who should write or hold any heretical papers, said. papers were not proved to be heretical but were the truth. In the 5th Month, 16, 1658, Old Style, Lawrence, Cassandra and their son Josiah were imprisoned at Boston for being Quakers, and were kept there twenty weeks on a charge of violating a law enacted while they were in prison. HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 9 JAMES SAVAGE’S GENEALOGICAL DICTIONARY OF FIRST SETTLERS OF NEW ENGLAND. 1658 and 1659. In the dark days of delusion against the Quakers the whole family of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick suffer much from fines and imprisonment. When the fines of Daniel and Pro- vided were unpaid, the tender hearted General Court with intent to magnify the GLORY OF GOD ordered them to be sold for Slaves to any Christian in Vir- ginia or Barbadoes. Lawrence made his will at Shelter Island in 1659 and died there three days before his wife, in spring of 1660; his will was proved at Salem in 1660, in which he mentions sons John, Josiah and Daniel, and daughters Provided and Mary (who married Henry Trask), and some grand children. FELT’S ANNALS OF SALEM. IN July, 1656, Cassandra, the wife of Lawrence Southwick, is arraigned for absence from worship. March 23, 1657. Josiah Hobart is preaching at Cape Ann Side. Sept. 21, 1657. Christopher Holder and John Copeland, Quakers, attempt to address our people after the Minister closed. They are secured until Monday, then sent to Boston where they received thirty stripes and were imprisoned nine weeks. Samuel Shattuck, for interfering when Holder was apprehended, was imprisoned at Boston till he gave 10 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. bonds. Lawrence Southwick and his wife, for enter- taining Holder and Soret were confined in the same town. In March, 1658, John Small, Josiah Southwick and John Burton are apprehended in Dedham for being Quakers, while on their way to Rhode Island to pro- vide a residence for themselves and families, and to escape from their persecutors. They were released and resumed their journey. June 29, 1658. Among the persons punished for attending a Quaker Meeting at Nicholas Phelps’ are John, Daniel and Provided Southwick, Joseph Pope, Anthony Needham, Edward Wharton, Samuel Gaskin, or Gaskill, Henry Trask and wife, Joseph Buffum’s wife and his son Joseph, and Thomas Brackett; the wives of Needham, Phelps, Pope, and Geo. Gardner are indicted; Edward Harnett and his wife Priscilla are fined. March 11, 1659. As the fines of Daniel and Pro- vided Southwick are not paid they are ordered to be sold into Slavery to any of the English living in Virginia or Barbadoes; but this was not done. Law- rence and Cassandra Southwick and their son Josiah, Samuel Shattuck, Nicholas Phelps and Joshua Buffum are banished on pain of death. Oct. 18,1659. Hannah Phelps is admonished, and Wm. King is sentenced to be whipped. Margaret Smith and son, and Mary Trask are in prison; they had attended the trial of Robinson, Stevenson and Mary Dyer in Boston. Nov. 3, 1659. Edward Wharton is whipped and HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. Il fined for asserting that the two former were unjustly hung. Nov. 29, 1659. Joseph Miles, Thomas Spooner, James Smith, and Francis Simpson are arraigned with other Quakers. May 18, 1660. Henry Bacheller and (June 26) the wife of Edmund Nicholson, the wife of Wm. Vin- cent, Samuel Salmon, and other Friends are prose- cuted. Nov. 27, 1660. The wife of Robert Stone, John ‘Burton and other Quakers are prosecuted. Dec. 21, 1660. A letter from Mary Trask and Margaret Smith to the Governor, relative to the per- secution of their denomination, concludes: ‘ From your house of correction (in Boston) where we have been unjustly restrained from our children and hab- itations, one of us about 8 months, the other 10 months; and where we are yet continued dy you oppressors, yet know no Shame.” March 6, 1661. Of several things for which a fast is observed by the church in Salem is renewal of covenant and adding to it as follows: ‘Therefore we do covenant by the help of Jesus Christ to take heed and beware of the leaven of the doctrine of the Quakers.”’* * How absurdly false this pretence is, for the Quakers did not have any Doctrine or Code of Faith and Belief. They simply by their discipline enjoined the reading of the Bible; and each to interpret for themselves, that the light within each and every person was sufficient to guide them aright, ‘‘ that he who runs might read, and need not go astray.” 3 LZ THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. March 14, 1661. Edward Wharton attends on Wm. Leddra executed at Boston and assists to bury his body. Sept. 9, 1661. Josiah Southwick having come from banishment, is ordered by the assistants to be stripped from his girdle upwards, tied to a cart’s tail and whipped ten stripes in each of the towns of Boston, Roxbury and Dedham. | Nov. 27, 1661. The General Court vote to comply with a letter from the King (Charles IJ.) which re- quired them to cease proceedings against the Quakers, and to send such of them as are apprehended over to England for trial. This Royal injunction was brought by Samuel Shattuck from London, whither he had gone after being banished by our authorities. Dec. 10, 1661. Several of the Friends are fined as usual. June 6, 1663. Mr Higginson writes to the Legis- lature; in a postscript is the following: “I doe fur- ther entreate yt ye hon’. Court will please to consider what course may be taken for ye dissolueing ye Quaker Meetings here which we have frequent and constant without interruption a long time, strange Quakers often repairing hither, yt occasion may be given for others abroad to looke upon Salem as a nest of Quakers from hence to infect ye rest of ye coun- try.” Philip Veren is sentenced to be severely lashed for saying that our authorities “had murdered the dear saints and servants of God, and that he saw one of them murdered at Boston himself.” HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 13 To build a prison here £50 are appropriated, which sum was the price of lands taken from Quakers. Nov. 24, 1663. Twenty-five of this denomination are fined and they continue to be thus treated for several years. June 26, 1666. John Blevin is among the Quakers prosecuted. Nov. 24, 1668. Nathaniel Hadlock suffers with the Quakers. June 29, 1669. Robert Gray, also of the Friends, is fined. The will of Robert Buffum is not allowed, because the witnesses would only testify, and not swear, to its correctness. July 18, 1676. After a few years’ respite, the Quakers are renewedly prosecuted. Dec. 12, 1695. An order of General Court re- quires that all the copies of a book entitled “Truth Held Forth,’ and edited by Thomas Maule, be searched for and seized. This work contained severe reflections on the government for their treatment of the Quakers. Extract from THE RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY OF NEW ENGLAND. Oct. 14, 1656. WHEREAS there is a cursed sect of heretics lately risen up in the world, which are commonly called Quakers; who take upon them to be immediately sent of God, and infallibly assisted by the spirit to speak and write blasphemous opin- ions, despising government and the order of God in 14 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. church and commonwealth, speaking evil of digni- ties and reproaching and reviling magistrates and ministers, seeking to turn the people from the faith and gain proselytes to their pernicious ways. This Court taking into serious consideration the premises, and to prevent the like mischief as by their means is wrought in our native land, doth hereby order, and by the authority of this court be it ordered and enacted that what master of any ship, bark, pinnace, catch, or of any other vessel that shall henceforth bring into any harbor, creek or cove within this jurisdiction any known Quaker, or any other blasphemous heretics as aforesaid, shall pay or cause to be paid, a fine of one Hundred Pounds, to the treasurer of the country; except it appear that he wanted true knowledge or information of their being such, and in that case he hath liberty to clear himself by his oath, when suffi- cient proof to the contrary is wanting; and for de- fault of payment or good security for it, shall be committed to prison and there remain till the said sum be satisfied to the treasurer as aforesaid; and the commander of any such ship or vessel that shall bring them, being legally convicted, shall give in sufficient security to the Governor or any one or more of the magistrates who have power to deter- mine the same, to carry them back to the place from whence he brought them, and on his refusal to do so the Governor or one or more of the magistrates are hereby empowered to issue out his or their warrants to commit.such master or commander to prison, there to continue until he shall give sufficient security to the AISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 15 content of the Governor or any of the magistrates as aforesaid, and it is,hereby ordered and enacted that what Quakers soever shall arise in this country from foreign parts or come into this jurisdiction from any parts adjacent, shall forthwith be committed to the house of correction, and at their entrance to be se- -verely whipt, and by the master thereof to be kept constantly at work and none suffered to converse or speak with them during the time of their imprison- ment, which shall be no longer than necessity re- quireth; and further it is ordered if any person shall knowingly import into any harbor of this jurisdiction any Quaker books or writings concerning their Devil- ish opinions, shall pay for every such book or writ- ings, being legally proved against him or them, the sum of five pounds; and whoever shall disperse or conceal any such book or writings and it be found with him or her or in his or her house, and shall not immediately deliver into the next magistrate, shall forfeit and pay the sum of five pounds for the dis- persing or concealing of any such book or writing. And it is hereby further enacted that if any person within this colony take upon them the _hereti- cal opinions of the said Quakers, or any of their ‘books or papers as aforesaid, ‘ex anzmo,”’ if legally proved shall be fined for the first time forty shillings, and if they shall persist in the same and shall so again defend it, the second time four pounds; if still notwithstanding they shall again so defend and main- tain the said Quakers’ heretical opinions, they shall be comniitted to the house of correction till there be 16 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. convenient passage to send them out of the land, be- ing sentenced by the Court of assistance to banish- ment. Lastly, it is hereby ordered that what person or persons soever shall revile the office or person of magistrates or ministers, as is usual with the Quakers, such person or persons shall be severely whipt, or pay the sum of five pounds. Oct. 15, 1656. (Page 279.) It is ordered that the secretary forthwith issue out a warrant from this Court to the Marshall General or his deputy, to im- press a meet boat and sufficient and convenient help to carry down and deliver the ‘Quakers aboard Mr. Locke. Oct. 14,1657. (Page 308.) As, in addition to the late order in reference to the coming or bringing in any of the cursed sect of the Quakers into this juris- diction, it is ordered that whosoever shall from hence- forth bring or cause to be brought directly or indi- rectly any known Quaker or Quakers or other blas- phemous Heretics into this jurisdiction, every such person shall forfeit the sum of one hundred pounds to the country, and shall by warrant be committed to prison and there remain until the penalty be satisfied and paid; and if any person or persons within this jurisdiction shall entertain any Quaker or Quakers or other blasphemous heretics, shall forfeit forty shillings for every hours’ entertainment and concealment, and shall be committed to prison until the fine is paid: and it is further ordered that if any Quaker or Quak- ers, after they have once suffered what the law re- quireth, come into this jurisdiction, every such male AISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 17 Quaker shall for the first offence have one of his ears cut off and be kept at work in the house of correc- tion till he can be sent away at his charge, and for the second offence have his other ear cut off, and kept at house of correction as aforesaid. And every woman Quaker that hath suffered the law here that shall pre- sume to come into this jurisdiction shall be severely whipt and kept at the house of correction at work till she shall be sent away at her own charge; and so for her coming again she shall be alike used as afore- said, and for every Quaker, he or she that shall a third time offend, they shall have their tongue bored through with a hot iron and kept at the house of cor- rection close to work till they shall be sent away at their own charge; and it is further ordered that all and every Quaker arising from amongst ourselves shall be dealt with and suffer the like punishment as ‘the law provides for foreign Quakers. May 19, 1658. (Page 321.) That Quakers and such accursed heretics arising among ourselves may be dealt with according to their deserts, and that their pestilent errors and practices may speedily be pre- vented, it is hereby ordered that as in addition to the former law against Quakers, that every such person professing any of their pernicious ways by speaking, writing, or by meeting onthe Lord’s day, or any other time, to strengthen themselves or seduce others to their diabolical doctrines, shall after conviction incur the penalty ensuing, that is, every person so meeting shall pay to the country for every time, ten shillings ; and every one speaking in such meeting shall pay 18 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. five pounds apiece, and in case any such person hath been punished by scourging or whipping the first time according to the former laws, shall be kept at work in the house of correction till they put in se- curity, with two sufficient men, that they shall not any more vent their hateful errors or use their sinful practices, or else shall depart this jurisdiction at their own charges; and if any of them return again, then each person shall incur the penalty of the laws formerly made for strangers. Oct. 19, 1658. (Page 348.) Whereas this Court, well understanding the dangerous events of the doc- trines and practices of the Quakers, hath by law en- deavored to prevent the same, but finding that some of them do disperse their papers, so expressing them- selves therein as that they may deceive divers of weak capacities and so draw them on to favor their opinions and ways. Now for the further prevention of infec- tion and guiding of people in the truth in reference to such opinions, heresies or blasphemies by them expressed in their books, letters, or by words openly held forth by some of them, the Court judgeth meet that there be a writing or declaration drawn up and printed to manifest the evil of their tenets and dangers of their practices, as tending to the subversion of re- ligion, of church order, and civil government, and the necessity that this government is put upon (for the preservation of religion and their own peace and safety) to exclude such persons from amongst them, who after due means of conviction shall remain obstinate and pertinacious, and this work the Court HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 19 doth commend to the care and pains of the Rev. Mr. John Norton, speedily to effect. Oct. 19, 1658. (Page 349.) It is ordered that the Quakers in prison at Ipswich be forthwith sent for; warrant issued out accordingly and return to the warrant made; the Court convented the said Quakers before them and after much endeavor to convince | and reform them, ordered that Samuel Shattocke, Lawrence Southwick and Cassandra Southwick his wife, shall be enjoined at their peril to depart out of this jurisdiction before the first day of the Court of election next, which if they neglect or refuse to do, they shall then be banished under pain of death, and if inthe meantime they shall transgress against the new law made by this Court against Quakers, they shall be proceeded with as the said law requires; and it is referred to the County Court of Suffolk to declare this sentence to them, and thereupon release them out of prison. May 11,1659. (Page 366.) Whereas Daniel and Provided Southwick, son and daughter to Lawrence Southwick, have been fined by the County Courts of Salem and Ipswich, pretending they have no es- tates, resolving not to work, and others likewise have been fined for siding with the Quakers and absenting themselves from the public ordinances; and in answer to a question what course shall be taken for the sat- isfaction of the fines, the Court, on perusal of the law title arrests, Resolve that the treasurers of the sev- eral counties are, and shall hereby be impowered to sell the said persons to any of the English nation at Virginia or Barbadoes. 4 20 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. May 11, 1659. (Page 367.) It is ordered that Lawrence Southwick and Cassandra his wife, Samuel Shattocke, Nicholas Phelps, Joshua Buffum and Jo- siah Southwick, hereby are sentenced according to the order of the General Court in October last, to banishment, to depart out of this jurisdiction by the 8th of June next, on pain of death; and if any of them after the 8th of June next, shall be found within this jurisdiction, they shall be apprehended by any constable or other officer, there to lye till the next Court of assistance, when they shall be tried, and being found guilty of the breach of this law, shall be put to death. Oct. 18, 1659. (Page 383.) It is ordered that William Robinson, Marmaduke Stephenson and Mary Dyer, Quakers now in prison for their rebellion, sedi- tion, presumptious obtruding themselves upon us, not- withstanding their being sentenced to banishment on pain of death as underminers of this government, etc., shall be brought before this Court for their trials, to suffer the penalty of the law (the just reward of their transgressions), on the morrow morning, being the 19th inst. William Robinson, Marmaduke Stephenson and Mary Dyer, banished this jurisdiction by the last Court of assistance, on pain of death, being com- mitted by order of the General Court, were sent for, brought to the bar, acknowledge themselves to be the persons banished; after a full hearing of what the prisoners could say for themselves, it was put to the question whether William Robinson, Marmaduke HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 21 Stephenson and Mary Dyer, the persons now in prison, who have been convicted of being Quakers and banished this jurisdiction on pain of death, should be put to death according as the law provides in that case. The court resolved this question in the affirmative, and the Governor in open Court de- clared the sentence to William Robinson, that was brought to the bar, ‘William Robinson, you shall go from whence you came and from thence to the place of execution and there hang till you be dead. The like sentence the Governor in open Court pronounced against Marmaduke Stephenson and Mary Dyer, being brought to the bar one after another, in same words. Whereas William Robinson, Marmaduke Stephenson and Mary Dyer are sentenced by this court to death for their rebellion, etc., it is ordered that the secretary issue out his warrant to Edward Michelson, Marshall General, for repairing to the prison on the 27th of this instant October, and take the said William Robinson, Marmaduke Stephenson and Mary Dyer into his custody and them forthwith by the aid of Captain James Oliver, with one hundred soldiers taken out by his order proportionately out of each company in Boston, armed with pike and mus- keteer with powder and bullet, to lead them to the place of execution, and there see them hang till they be dead, and in their going, being there, and return, to see all things be carried out peaceably and orderly. Warrants issued out accordingly. Whereas Mary Dyer is condemned by the General Court to be executed for her offence, on the petition 22 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. of William Dier, her son, it is ordered that the said Mary Dyer shall have liberty for 48 hours after this day to depart out of this jurisdiction, after which time, being found therein, she is forthwith to be exe- cuted, and in the meantime that she be kept a close prisoner till her son or some other be ready to carry her away within the aforesaid time, and it is further ordered that she shall be carried to the place of exe- cution, there to stand with a rope about her neck till the rest be executed, and then returned to the prison and remain as aforesaid. Oct. 18, 1659. (Page 390.) It is ordered that there shall be a sufficient fence erected about the common prison in Boston, and house of correction, such as may debar persons from conversing with the prisoners, and the charge thereof to be borne half by the county of Suffolk, and the other half by the country; that the treasurer of the county of Suffolk see the same effected. Oct. 18, 1659. (Page 391.) Whereas Christo- pher Holder, a Quaker, hath suffered what the law formerly appointed, after being sent to England with- out punishment, presumptuously coming into this jurisdiction without leave first obtained, the Court judgeth it meete to sentence him to banishment on pain of death; in case he be found within this juris- diction three days after the next ship now bound from hence to England be departed from this harbor, and between this and the ship’s departure, with the keeper at his own charge, he shall have liberty one day ina week to go about his business, and in case he shall HISTORICAL ENTRACTS. 23 choose to go out of this jurisdiction sooner on the penalty aforesaid, he shall by order from the Gover- nor or Deputy Governor be discharged the prison, so as he stay not above three days after his discharge from the prison in this jurisdiction. Oct. 16, 1660. (Page 432.) For explication of the law or laws referring to the manner of trial of such persons as are found in this jurisdiction after banish- ment on pain of death, this Court doth judge meete to declare that when any person or persons banished on pain of death shall, after the expiration of their time limited for departure, be found within the limits of this jurisdiction, all Magistrates, Commissioners, Constables and other officers of this jurisdiction, do use their best endeavors for their apprehension and conveying to safe custody, and being there secured, such person or persons shall at the next Court of assistance, whether in ordinary or specially called, according to direction of the law for calling of such Courts, have a legal trial by a jury of twelve men, and being found by evidence of their own confession to be the person or persons formerly sentenced to banishment on pain of death, shall accordingly be sentenced to death and executed by warrant from the Governor or Deputy Governor, directed to the Mar- shall General, unless they be regularly reprieved in the mean time. There being some women Quakers now in prison liable to sentence of banishment, whose husbands are innocent persons in that respect as far as we know, and are inhabitants in this jurisdiction, this Court 24 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. doth order that the said women, named Margaret Smith and Mary Trask, be committed to the house of correction and there kept to constant labor and mean diet, according to the order of said house, until this Court release them, and that the sentence of banish- ment upon the said persons be suspended, any law to the contrary notwithstanding, unless their husbands shall choose to carry them out of this jurisdiction, and not return without leave first obtained. In answer to a motion of the Quakers now in pri- son that they may have their liberty to go for Eng- land, the Court judgeth it meete to declare that all the Quakers now in prison shall forthwith have their liberty to go for England in this ship now bound thither if they will, and for such as will not go for England, shall have liberty to depart this jurisdiction within eight days, as they solemnly engage under their hands delivered by them to the Governor or Deputy Governor, that they will not return into this jurisdiction without leave from the Council or General Court first by them obtained. Whereas Joseph Nicholson and Jane his wife, being two Quakers banished this jurisdiction upon pain of death, and returning some time since into this jurisdic- tion, were called before the Court, where manifesting their desire to go for England the Court granted liberty to the aforesaid persons for three days to de- part this jurisdiction either for England or elsewhere, the said persons accordingly repairing to the ship then bound for England, but by reason of its fullness of the ships lading could not obtain their passage, HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 25 and on thetr return tendering themselves to the Gov- ernor to be sécured in prison until they may get passage for England, another ship being bound for England the undertakers whereof being willing to transport the said persons, the Court grants the said persons liberty to pass for England by the next op- portunity, and in the interim to be secured in prison, any law to the contrary notwithstanding. The court understanding that several inhabitants of this jurisdiction have lodged the Quakers now in prison, do order that the secretary issue out a warrant to the several persons and send the same by messen- ger of purpose to bring them all with speed to this Court to answer to their offence therein. May 30, 1660. (Page 419.) The whole court met together, sent for Mary Dyer, who rebelliously after sentence of death passed against her, returned into this jurisdiction; being come before the court she acknowledged herself to be Mary Dyer, the per- son, and was condemned by this court to death. Be- ing asked what she had to say why that sentence of death should not be executed, she gave no other answer but that she denied our law, came to bear witness against it and could not choose but come and do as formerly. The whole Court met together, voted that the said Mary Dyer, for her rebelliously return- ing into this jurisdiction (notwithstanding the’ favor of this court towards her), shall be by the Marshall General on the first day of June, about nine of the clock in the morning, carried to the place of execu- tion and according to the sentence of the General 26 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. Court in October last, be put to death. That the secretary issue out warrant accordingly, which sen- tence the Governor declared to her in open Court, and warrant issued out accordingly to Edward Mich- elson, Marshall General, and to Captain James Oliver and his order as formerly. May 30, 1660. (Page 419.) Whereas Joseph Nicholson and Jane his wife, Quakers, formerly ban- ished this jurisdiction on pain of death (and being contrary to the sentence of the court, found within the same), were apprehended and committed to prison; this court having called the said Joseph and Jane his wife before them and examined them on grounds of their not departure, do judge meet so far to declare their farther clemency as yet to give them respite on penalty of their former sentence, to depart this jurisdiction by the next fourth day, and if they or either of them after that day shall be found in any part of the same, they shall again be apprehended by any magistrate, commissioner or constable or other person and brought to the prison at Boston, where they shall be kept close prisoners and being legally convicted thereof, shall be put to death. It is ordered that the Quakers now in prison shall there remain until the next Court of assistance and then they shall be tried by a jury accordingly as the law provides in that case. Oct. 8, 1662. (Page 59.) This court heretofore for some reasons inducing did judge meete to suspend the laws against Quakers as such, so far as they respect corporal punishment or death, during AISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 27 the Court’s pleasure. Now forasmuch as new com- plaints are made to this Court of such persons abounding, especially in the eastern part, endeavor- ing to draw away others to that wicked opinion, it is therefore ordered that the last law “title Vagabond Quakers, 1661,” be henceforth in force in all respects, provided their whzpping be but through three towns, and the Magistrate or Commissioners signing such warrant ska// appoint the fownus and number of stripes in EACH to be given. Oct. 21, 1663. (Page 88.) Whereas it is found by experience that there are many who are inhabi- tants of this jurisdiction which are enemies of all governments, Civil and Ecclesiastical, who will not yield obedience to authority, but make it much of their religion to be in opposition thereto and refuse to bear arms under others, who notwithstanding combine to- gether in some towns and make parties suitable to their designs in election of such persons according to their ends, it is therefore ordered by this Court and the authority thereof, that all persons, Quakers, or others who refuse to attend upon the public worship of God established here, that all such persons whether freemen or others acting as aforesaid shall and hereby are made incapable of voting in all civil assemblies, during their obstinate persisting in such wicked ways and courses, and until certificate be given of their reformation; and it is further ordered that all those fines and mulcts of any such delinquent as aforesaid which are not gathered nor paid to the several treas- urers of the Counties, as also what fines shall be 5 28 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. laid on them for the future, shall be delivered by the order of the County treasurers respectively to the selectmen of the several towns whereunto they be- long, to be by them improved for the poor of the town. A REVIEW OF THE PAST FROM THE QUAKER STAND-POINT. Salem, Mass., 9 mo. 30th, 1878. To the editors of the Observer :— My DEarR FRIENDS:—Please allow me, through the columns of thy paper, to present a few facts and reflections brought to mind as I have read, with interest, the report of the exercises in Mechanic Hall, 9 mo. 18th, to commemorate the landing of Gov. Endicott upon our New England coast in the seven- teenth century. With much, of course, both of the letter and the spirit of those exercises I am in warm sympathy, but I have been led to see clearly that they present to the public, facts, solemn historical facts, in a somewhat one-sided manner. In simple justice to the present and rising generations, it seems to me that more of the truth, the whole truth, in the case should be stated. Had the scenes of violence and intolerance which marred the annals of the early days of this colony, transpired but ten or twenty years ago, we should consider our Christian faith and dignity and charity not a little compromised, if we came to- gether to celebrate them with song and oration and feast; why should the interval of two hundred and HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 29 fifty years that has elapsed make us to feel so very differently in the matter? Why not with equal pro- priety, push this matter of historical research and commemoration yet a little further; perchance we should find a line of descent with some unimportant breaks, running away back, through the years, as > far as the founders of the Spanish inquisition. Now about this time, there were in different parts of England, some ten thousand Quakers, taken from their homes, their vocations, and their meeting-houses, and placed in jails, prisons—honest, industrious, in- offensive and God-fearing people. Many of the prisons were vile and filthy places; oft-times they were placed in the same apartments among murderers and criminals of the lowest order, and numbers of the prisoners died during their incarceration from disease contracted, some being thus shut up for years. William Penn was about this time committed to Newgate, and in response to Sir John Robinson, who sentenced him and accused him of sedition, he said :— “We (Friends) have the unhappiness to be mis- represented. But bring me the man that will dare to justify this accusation to my face, and if I am not able to make it appear that it is both my practice and that of all the Friends to instill principles of peace on all occasions, (and war only against spirit- ual wickedness, that all men may be brought to fear God and work righteousness) I shall contentedly un- dergo the severest punishment your laws can expose me to. As for the King, I make this offer, if any 30 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. one living can make appear directly or indirectly from the time I have been called a Quaker (since it is from thence you date my sedition) I have contrived or acted anything injurious to his person, or to the English government, I shall submit my person to your utmost cruelties. But it is hard that being in- nocent I should be reputed guilty.” Robinson said to him:—‘‘ You bring yourself into trouble, heading parties and drawing people after you.” Penn responded:—‘I would have thee and all men know I scorn that religion which is not worth suffering for, and which is not able to sustain those who are afflicted for it. Mine is, and whatever be my lot I am resigned to the will of God. Thy religion persecutes, mine forgives, and I desire that God may forgive you all that are concerned in my commitment. I leave you, wishing you everlasting salvation.” Well, it was natural amid such surround- ings and trials that some should be led to leave their native country and seek an asylum in our then wil- derness colony. Endicott now had the opportunity to play the part of a hero and a true Christian; dz no, he chose rather to be a tyrant and a persecutor ; whippings, imprisonment and death here awaited the coming of the poor, down-trodden Quaker. He had them publicly lashed, confined in jails, and three were hung on Boston Common. Between Penn and Endi- cott it was not so much a question of time, of edu- cation, of generation, (for they both figured in the same century,) as of obedience to the Light; the former followed and obeyed, the latter trampled it AISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 31 under foot. And surely these must be rated as days of religious declension when high functionaries in church and state could so far come to “believe a lie,” as to give their countenance and their aid to the per- petration and the consummation of the follies, the horrors, and the crimes of the witchcraft delusion. The names of the three victims mentioned above were William Robinson, Marmaduke Stevenson, and Mary Dyer. William Ledra was also executed later, in another place. Mary Dyer is described as ‘‘a per- son of no mean extract and parentage, of an estate pretty plentiful, of a comely stature and countenance, of a piercing knowledge in many things, of a won- derful sweet and pleasant discourse, fit for great affairs.” She was a minister in the society, as were also the other two. Nicholas Upsal, notwithstanding the infirmities of old age, was exiled from Boston in the winter of 1656. ‘He had ventured to remon- strate with the rulers of Massachusetts, on their pass- ing a law for the banishment of ‘that cursed sect of heretics lately risen up in the world, commonly called Quakers,’ and prohibiting all commanders of ships, under penalty of a heavy fine, from bringing them into that jurisdiction. Leaving his wife and children and the colony in which long before he had taken refuge from persecution at home, the old man at length reached Rhode Island. Although during many years he had taken deep interest in-the partic- ular Puritan congregation of which he was a member, he had found that forms and ceremonies could not satisfy his soul, and on hearing the views maintained by Friends he was ‘much refreshed.” 32 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. Rhode Island had, with the assistance of Roger Williams, been purchased by the new sect of Narra- gansett Indians, and immediately. these faithful re- formers illustrated their forgiving spirit and true philanthropy by enacting that “none should be ac- counted a delinquent for doctrine.” But no Puritan- ical power, no human hand, was strong enough to suppress the heaven-implanted and divinely directed zeal of the Friends to share their spiritual treasure with others. About this time six of those who had been driven from Boston the previous year believed that the Lord was calling them thither again, and wete assured that He would give them grace to en- dure any suffering they might have to pass through.” In the summer of 1657, eleven Quakers came to America from England in a little craft called the “Wood house.” Their names were Humphrey Nor- ton, Robert Hodshon, Dorothy Waugh, Christopher Holder, William Brend, John Copeland, Richard Doudney, Mary Weatherhead, Sarah Gibbons, Mary Clarke. The master of the ship, Robert Fowler, was also a Friend; five of them landed at New York while the remaining six went on to Rhode Island; others came from time to time. Soon after their arrival John Copeland says in a letter to his parents: “Take no thought for me. The Lord’s power hath overshadowed me, and man I do not fear; for my trust is in the Lord who is become our shield and buckler, and exceeding great reward.” Thus did God prepare His youthful servant to suffer for His sake. A few weeks later, Christopher Holder and HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 33 himself were lying in Boston gaol, without bedding or even straw, lacerated from the effect of thirty lashes barbarously inflicted with a knotted scourge. For three days the gaoler refused to supply them with food or water, but they were sustained by their Saviour, and enabled to rejoice in His manifested love. Being accused as ‘“‘blasphemers, heretics and deceivers,” they issued a declaration of faith, con- taining the following sentences :— ‘In Him do we believe, who is the only begotten Son of the Father, full of grace and truth. And in Him do we trust alone for salvation; by whose blood we are washed from sin; through whom we have access to the Father with boldness, being justified by faith in believing in His name. Who has sent forth the Holy Ghost, to wit, the Spirit of Truth, that pro- ceedeth from the Father and the Son; by which we are sealed and adopted sons and heirs of the kingdom of Heaven. Believe in the Light, that you may be the children of the light; for as you love it and obey it, it will lead you to repentance, bring you to know Him in whom is remission of sins, in whom God is well pleased; who will give you an entrance into the kingdom of God, an inheritance amongst them that are sanctified.” But the Governors would not allow any such assertion to alter their opinion that Quaker- ism was a dangerous heresy, and terribly rigorous as was the law against its promulgators it was not suffi- ciently so to satisfy them; for Endicott and Belling- ham gave orders that all the Friends then in prison 34 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. should be severely whipped twice a week. But the humanity of the inhabitants of Boston revolted at this decree, and the sympathy thus aroused led to the release of the sufferers, who were at once banished from the colony. Soon afterwards, John Copeland and his friend, William Brend, were sentenced to a severe scourging while passing through New Ply- mouth. The age of the latter awoke no compassion in the hearts of the persecutors. The following year after holding several meetings with William Ledra of Barbadoes, he was imprisoned at Boston, and received such brutal beatings, inflicted with a pitched rope, by a gaoler who had previously kept him without food for five days, and most cruelly fettered him for many hours, that he appeared to be dying; Endicott being alarmed at this, sent a physician to him, who thought his recovery impossible. But the hand of an unseen Healer was laid on him, and he must have been at least ninety when, eighteen years later, the following burial note was made out:—‘ William Brend, of the Liberty of Katherine’s, near the Tower, a minister, died Seventh mo., Seventh, 1676, and was buried at Bunhill Fields.” Before returning to Eng- land he labored in Rhode Island and the West Indies. In 1662 he was one of the many hundred Friends confined in Newgate, fifty-two of whom died in con- sequence of diseases caused by the loathsome state of that prison. We may form some idea of the heav- enly consolation granted to this venerable pilgrim in his hour of need, by his beautiful “salutation of all Friends,” from which a brief extract follows:—*It HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 35 hath been upon my heart, when in the sweet repose of the streams of my Father’s love and life, by which my heart hath been overcome, to visit you with a loving salutation from the place of my outward bonds.” After bidding them “ flock together into our Father’s fold, to get into His tent of safety, and lie down in the arms of His dear love,” &c., he adds: “Oh, in the love and life of the Lamb, /ook over all weakness in one another, as God doth look over all the weakness in every one of us, and doth love us for his own Son’s sake—in so doing peace will abound in our borders, it will flow forth amongst us like a river, and it will keep out jars, strifes and con- tentions.” As the Governors of Massachusetts were regardless of old age, so were they of the weakness of women. We read of the astonishment of the people of Boston at hearing Sarah Gibbons and her young friend, Dorothy Waugh, offering praise and thanksgiving for the gracious support granted them during a cruel scourging, three days before and three days after which they were kept without food. A little later, Endicott sentenced Hored Gardner, of Rhode Island, to the punishment of the knotted scourge. She had left her home at Newport, from the belief that her Lord had called her to labor for Him at Weymouth, in Massachusetts, where her ministry was cordially received. The maid who had accompanied her on this perilous journey, to assist in taking charge of her infant, was the victim of a similar sentence, and the only protection granted the baby was that 6 36 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. afforded by its mother’s arms, who, when the execu- tioner stayed his hand, prayed that her persecutors might be, forgiven, because “they knew not what they did.” At a later date, Alice Ambros, Mary Tomkins, and Ann Coleman, who was apparently young, and in delicate health, were sentenced to be whipped through eleven towns, covering a distance of nearly eighty miles. Although they were them- selves enabled to praise the Lord for the marvellous help He granted them, the sight of their ‘torn bodies and weary steps” in the third town through which they passed, excited so much pity that one of the inhabitants induced the constable to commit the pris- oners and the warrant to his care, and at once set them at liberty. . Taking advantage of their unlooked- for release they went to New Quechawanah, where they had a meeting. Subsequently it was for a time feared that Ann Coleman would die from the effect of other barbarous scourgings. To George Fox she writes: ‘Oh the love ‘of the Lord, who hath kept His handmaid that put her trust in Him; what shall I say unto thee of the love of my Father; wone can make ime afraid; much service for the Lord in this land, and it hath not been in vain, and so, let thy prayers be unto the Lord for me. In that life and love which is unchangeable art thou near me.” Good cause indeed had that patient historian, Sewel, for exclaiming :—‘‘but when should I have done, if I would describe all the whippings inflicted on Quakers in those parts!” Sarah Gibbons and Dorothy Waugh, soon after leaving Boston, returned to Rhode HISTORICAL ENTRACTS. 37 Island, where they had previously been engaged in religious service, and we now find their names asso- ciated with that of Mary Dyer. About this time Hum- phrey Norton was finding a short respite from perse- cution inthe same colony. A few months earlier his ministerial labors had been interrupted by an impris- onment at New Haven, Conn., where his right hand was deeply branded with the letter H, as a sign that he was a condemned heretic, and he was flogged in such a manner as to make some from the crowd, gath- ered by the beat of drum, exclaim, ‘do they mean to killthe man?” But He, who of old caused His chil- dren to receive ‘‘no hurt” in the midst of the seven times heated furnace, wonderfully upheld him in this hour of extremest need, for he states that his “ body was as if it had been covered with balm.” Much did the people marvel when, at the conclusion of the inflic- tion, he raised his voice in thanksgiving and prayer. Not long after, Humphrey Norton received another scourging in New Plymouth. His rest in Rhode Is- land was a very short one, for he soon thought it right to go to Boston in company with a young Friend, named John Rous, who had previously been his associate in service, and sometimes in suffering, for their Lord. He was the son of Lieutenant Colo- nel Rous, a wealthy sugar planter of Barbadoes, who afterwards became a Friend, having, it is said, been much impressed by the ministry of his son. When Humphrey Norton told John Rous that sleep had fled from him because of the sorrow occasioned by a “sense of the strength of the enmity against the 38 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. righteous seed” in Boston, he also felt that he must bear a part “with the prisoners of hope, which at that time stood bound for the testimony of Jesus.” Longing to lose no time, they travelled night and day, and on their arrival at Boston were told of the state in which William Brend then lay from the effect of the gaoler’s cruelty, and were begged by their infor- mant to leave the town, or they would be “dead men.” But they were bound ona holy mission, from which no human power could turn them aside. “Such was our load,” says Humphrey Norton, ‘that beside Him who laid it upon us, no flesh nor place could ease us.” And a few hours later we find him, at the’ conclusion of the usual lecture of John Nor- ton, a minister who notoriously instigated persecu- tion, beginning an address in these words: ‘ Verily this is the sacrifice which the Lord accepts not; for, whilst with the same spirit that you sin, you preach and pray and sing, that sacrifice is an abomination.” Although a charge of blasphemy could not be proved against him, there was no doubt that his com- panion and himself were guilty of being Quakers, and as such they were sentenced to imprisonment and whipping. The former, as the son of Lieutenant Colo- nel Rous, who had formerly resided in the colony, was at first courteously treated by the magistrates, who hoped they might induce this young champion of the Cross to cast aside ‘the heresy” he was up- holding. But, notwithstanding their flattery, he steadfastly maintained his ground, vindicated the doctrines which he had adopted, and, as an English HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 39 citizen, claimed the right of a trial in an English Court. But the Governors, well knowing what an alarming exposure of their conduct towards Friends would be involved by this, would not hear of such a course. ‘No appeal to England! No appeal to England!” was their cry. Three days later the prisoners underwent the flogging to which they had been condemned; ‘but when this punishment was soon renewed, the public indignation, already aroused by the treatment of William Brend, became so strong that it soon led to the liberation of the prisoners. In the midst of all afflictions the Friends were aided by the belief that their labors and sufferings were not in vain in the Lord. Ina letter to Margaret Fell, John Rous says: “A firm foundation is there laid in this land, such a one as the devil .will never get broken up.” He writes, when again in Boston prison, where, about a fortnight later, he and his companions, John Copeland and Christopher Holder, underwent the mutilation of having the right ear cut off. Shall we shrink from reading their sufferings when we see the spirit with which they were enabled to endure them? “Jn the strength of God,’ is their language, “we suffered joyfully, having freely given up not one member, but all, if the Lord so required, for the sealing of our testimony, which the Lord hath given us;” words which may recall those of Brainerd with regard to his prayers for his brother and himself— ' “My heart sweetly exulted in the thought of any distresses that might light on him or me, in the ad- vancement of Christ’s kingdom upon earth.” 40 THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. So on, and on, and on, runs the record of the in- human cruelty of these early magistrates, a record which was most carefully avoided at the proceedings. of the late celebration; but I hasten on to conclude the narration :— Early in 1659, William Robinson, who had been preaching in Virginia, where his ministry was much blest, and Marmaduke Stevenson, who had lately come from Barbadoes, felt required of the Lord to go to Boston; the former receiving a clear revelation that his life would be taken, he writes: ‘Obedience was demanded of me by the Lord, who filled me with living strength and power from His heavenly pres- ence which at that time did mightily overshadow me, and my life did say amen to what the Lord required of me.” The two young ministers arrived at Boston on one of the public fast days, and were soon ar- rested. Like the apostles of old they tarried or they journeyed as they were restrained or constrained by the Spirit of the Lord. In a letter to George Fox from Boston gaol, Wm. Robinson writes: “Oh! my dearly beloved, thou who art endued with power from on High, who art of a quick discerning in the fear of God; oh, remember us—let thy prayers be put up unto the Lord God for us, that His power and strength may rest with us and upon us, that faithful we may be preserved to the end. Amen. Soon the aged Mary Dyer arrived at Boston, con- strained to carry comfort and cheer to her captive fellow-believers there, and was shortly imprisoned also. A Friend, writing with reference to their HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 41 preaching before imprisonment, says :—‘ Divers were convinced, the power of the Lord accompanying them, and with astonishment confounded their ene- mies before them; great was their service abroad in that jurisdiction for four weeks and upwards.” Being brought before the Governor, Wm.. Robinson asked leave to read an explanation which he had pre- pared:—" After describing the heavenly intimation he had received that it was God's will that he should lay down his life for the cause of Christ, he writes: I, being a child, durst not question the Lord in the least, and as the Lord made me willing, dealing gently and kindly with me as a tender father by a faithful child whom he tenderly loves, so the Lord did deal with me in ministering his life unto me, which gave and gives me strength to perform what the Lord required of me. Therefore all who are ignorant of the motion of the Lord in the inward parts be not hasty in judging in this matter. The presence of the Lord and his heavenly life doth accompany me so that I can say in truth, Blessed be the Lord God of my life who hath counted me worthy and called mé hereunto. Will ye put us to death for obeying the Lord, the God of the whole earth?” Endicott took up this document, and after reading it pronounced sentence of death on its writer. A few days before his execution, in an epistle addressed “to the Lord’s people,” Wm. Robinson says: ‘The streams of my Father’s love run daily through me, from the Holy Fountain of life to the seed through- out the whole relation. I am overcome with love, | Ag. THE SOUTHWICK GENEALOGY. for it is my life and length of days; it is my glory and my daily strength. I am full of the quickening power of the Lord Jesus Christ. I shall enter with my Beloved into eternal rest and peace, and I shall depart with everlasting joy in my heart and praises in my mouth.” After Marmaduke Stevenson had received his sen- tence, he solemnly addressed the magistrates, conclud- ing with these words: ‘“Assuredly if you put us to death you will bring innocent blood upon your own heads, and swift destruction will come upon you.” It is aremarkable fact that many of these persecutors came to an untimely end, or were visited by severe personal calamities which ‘resulted in death. “The hand or judgment of the Lord is upon me,” were the words of John Norton, who, whilst walking in his own house, leant his head against a chimney piece and sank down never to speak again. And Major Gen- eral Adderton, who had scoffingly said ‘‘the judge- ments of the Lord God are not come upon us yet,” was overtaken by a sudden and shocking death. During his imprisonment, Marmaduke Stevenson wrote his ‘Call to the Work and Service of the Lord,” and not losing sight of his old friends he prepared an address to his ‘‘neighbors and the people of the town of Shiptown, Weighton and elsewhere.”