aris Tisai ited aoe an ie mene gt ARTA Ay PA igs nat a wi aa ™ ‘ areas red apenas) eres tne ran yo eg oie rae itt ef Fels a Aa Oar Ae a. a tas as es ey pees soe ee ea apie Hi Pan i a ara ee re Gein Pie vine ee eee i eed fess Be rita Sprldeice sat mn eed, erage PLA ei gieete Cornell Uni ity Libra F 497F8 Hey untie Overs ++ “CU 3 1924 028 848 olin 48 500 “ THE EAST GATE.” THE OHIO STATE CAPITOL. SN De NS ~ 4 H i DRAWN EXPRESSLY FOR THIS WORK. 1796. hese @iae 4 OF FranklinePickaway Counties, Cn. _ ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ~*~” SOME OF THE PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS, t > z - PUBLISHED: BY WILLIAMS BROS. 1880. ra F3HOT++ Afedue oS CONTENTS. HISTORICAL: between 308, Adkins, Stanton 309 Arnold Family 458 Brown, Dr. Marcus 239 Bell Family 248 Ballard, Otis, M. D. 257 Boggs, John and the Boggs Family between 266, 267 Borror Family . 390 Blake, William H., M. D. % between 396, 397 Blackwood Family —. ‘ "450, 451 Bartlit Samuel 454 Bunn Family 455 Blair, Alonzo O., M. D. 483 Baughman, Jesse facing 486 Butler, Ebenezer » 489 Brush, S. facing 520 Bruck, J. P. ‘ between 542, 543 Bell, William, Jr. facing 548 Beekey, Isaac S. 585 Backus, Andrew 587 Bowen, B. F. ‘ : 588 Cradlebaugh, Col. John 228 Caldwell, John 272 Courtright Family Z 5 281 Cochran, John 3 xt facing 344 Clark, Dr. Jeremiah “396 Chenoweth, Joseph 438 439 Chenoweth, Elijah Chaney, Hon, John, Sr. between 452, 452 THE GENERAL HISTORY, PAGE. CHAPTER. PAGE. | Deer Creek . : ; ; : : ‘ 292 I.—The Pre-historic Race . 9 | Washington . z ‘ e ‘ . 300 11.—The Indians ai Monroe 2 3 ‘i 4 fi 309 III.—The Story of Lowen Tend Dinmore! s Lnvaston 25 | Perry 310 IV.—The Pioneers 29 | Wayne 318 V.—Settlement and Hopnitetiton: 33 Scioto a‘ , P A ‘i 323 VI.—Titles to Ohio—Land Grants—The Saray 35 Muhlenberg ‘ , , ¥ 333 VII.—Civil Organization and County Division 38 Harrison 342 VUI.—Erection and Organization of Franklin County . 39 Madison 35° IX.—Erection and Organization of Pickaway County 41 X.—Civil List of Franklin and Pickaway 43 THE TOWNSHIPS OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. XI.—Early Mails and Stages 48 ah PAGE XII.—The Ohio Canal 5° | Franklin 361 XIII. —Franklin and Pickaway aravipites 52 Washington 369 XIV.—Early Commerce Fi a 55 Perry 375 XV.—Railroads 57 | Prairie - 382 XVI.—The Court and the Bar ‘of Franklin County 62 Jackson 384 XVII.—Pikaway County Bar ‘ 97 Hamilton 390 XVIII.—Societies _ . 100 | Jefferson 398 XIX.—Military Record 106 Clinton . 401 XX.—The Franklin County Press 160 Plain 410 XXI.—The Press of Pickaway County 164 Brown 415 XXII.— Physical Features ‘ 167 Sharon 418 THE TOWNSHIPS OF PICKAWAY COUNTY. Pleasant 433 PAGE Madison 440 ¢ Circleville . x e z F 175 Truro 461 Salt Creek 249 | Blendon 468 Pickaway . ‘ ‘ 265 Mifflin . 484 Walnut . 273 Norwich 491 Jackson 282 | Marion. ‘ ‘ F 497 Darby 287 History of Columbus ‘ 503 BIOGRAPHICAL, PAGE. PAGE. Atwater, Caleb 227 | Chaney, H. L. 459 Clapham, Joseph, Sr. 483 Champion, John Newton 584 Corzilius, Philip William 585 Cashatt, Harvey 586 Cole, Nathan ; 586 ‘Darst, Elizabeth C. facing 194 Dreisbach, Rev. John 229 Dreisbach Family 261 Dunnuck Family’ 282 Davis, Joseph 291 Dresbach, Edward 305 Dungan Family é 7 ; 5 322 Davis, Samuel S. facing 376 Dalton, Col. Isaac Hs 528 Entrekin Family 271 Enlows, James ’ ‘ 466 Engeroff, Christian between 560, 561 Eagen, P. A. . 587 Edmiston, Dr. John M. 592 Florence, Colonel Elias 341 Field Family - 409 Fancher Family ‘ P facing 464 Foos, Joseph : : 583 Firestone, Hon. Leander, - foe Ee. - ie 590 Fanning, Richard J. . . . > Sor Groce, John. ‘ me . . . 233 Renick, William . ; ‘ ‘ : : 231 ‘ CONTENTS. PAGE, PAGE. Groce, Captain John H. . i : - 234 | Ray, Dr. Kingsley . ‘ . 236 Goodrich, Rev. Elias . . between 396, 397 Ray, Mrs. Mary M. is a 238 Griswold, George H. : ; ‘ uf 426, 427 | Rogers, Samuel 244 Green, Gilbert . ‘ ‘ : 466 | Ruggles, Samuel H. 247 Graham Family . 5 . : ‘ 467 | Riegel Family : 264 Goodale, Dr. Lincoln . : : PY 583 | Rohr, William facing 391 Gale John T. ; ‘ , i é . 586 | Rohr, John, Jr. 457 Gale Franklin . . : ‘ ‘ , 588 Rigal, Samuel 482 Hedges, H. N. Sr. ‘ 5 99 Rogers, Mrs. Emula * ‘i 496 Hitler, George ‘ ‘ between 192, 193 Reinhard, Michael A, between 544, 545 Hitler, Jacob e ; ; : f : . 304 | Reinhard, Jacob “544, 545 Hays Family A ‘i i : 316 Ridgway, Joseph, Jr. 3 583 Hempy, Samuel . F ‘ : r % - 456 Rickenbacher, John U. 589 Hendren, S. O. 4 ‘ ; 5 5 ‘ 456 | Smith, T,C. . . : 234 Harward, Thomas “ : . Z . 420 | Smith, Edward. . . 235 Heinmiller, Henry. é 5 z facing 555 Smith, Joseph P. 235 Heyl, Christian . i i i ‘ A ‘ 583 Strous Family 263 Johnston, James i ‘ 582 | ‘Shoemaker, Joseph rh 264 Johnson, Orange , ‘ between 584, 585 | Shelby, Benjamin facing 269 Jaeger, Christian E. . ‘ . : 590 | Swearingen I’amily o 286 Keffer, Col. Valentine. re ‘ ‘ . 228 | Stiverson, Jacob W. facing 328 Kalb, Jeremiah ¥ ‘ : a2 455 Stoutzenbarger, Jacob between 392, 393 Kerr, John ‘ : : : i . 582 | Stombaugh Family 3 » 397 Kiesewetter, E. ‘ : ‘ . , 587 | Snow, Rev. W. T. between 428, 429 Kinnear, Josiah . . 588 | Snow, John “428, 429 Kooken, James ‘ : ; between 592, 593 | Story, J.W. . : 437 Ludwig, Jacob 2 ; e . 232 | Sandy, James 457 Lane Family . ‘ : ; : . 332 | Swisher Henry C. , 457 Lutz, Samuel ‘ : s 258 | Schrock George W. . : 482 Linebaugh, John , : % 7 ‘ 389' | Spring, Horace . 483 Lisle Family 5 ‘ 3 . 397 | Seeds R. Z., M.D. facing 495 Leigh Family . , . - i 2 460 Seltzer, Dr. Samuel V. between 536, 537 Lunn Family 5 ee 467 Seltzer, Dr. Van S. ‘536, 537 Lindermann, Louis between 560, s6r | Stitt, Judge Thomas facing 540 Leonard, Theodore . 589 Sullivant, Lucas. ‘i 579 Marfield, Samuel, Jr. . between 186, 187 Sullivant, William S. . p 580 McCoy, James. i : ‘ 2 facing 196 | Sullivant, Michael L. 580 McCrea, Matthew ‘ ‘ f co 204 Sullivant, Joseph 58x McCrea, Adam. * 4 : . ie 204 | Starling, Lyne 58r Martin, William . : i ; ‘ , 232 | Sessions, Francis C. 584 McCulloch, Captain Samuel W. . : é . 240 | Strait Dennis B. ‘ 585 Mowery, John . : é ; : : 263 | Stewart, Francis 592 Mouser Family ‘ ‘ z a . 317 | St. Clair, Johnston Elliott . 592 Mundell, John . ; ‘ facing 327 | Thompson, A. W. facing 210. McKinley, John between 338, 339 Thrall, W. B. 218 McKinley, Alexander ; «338 339 | Turney, S. D. i 226 Millar, Jacob ‘ . - 357 Turney, Nelson J. 241 Mitchell, Charles a ¥ facing 372 Tipton, Thomas Corwin, M. D. ¥ 298 Marsh, Zachariah H. ‘ between 386, 387 Thomas Family facing 312 McGuffey, John : 3 ‘ « 450 457. | Thompson, Dr. J. C. ‘| 342 Merion family 2 ‘ ‘ : 501 Teegardin, Aaron 2 358 Miller, Hon. Thomas . i i ¥ “ facing 533 Triplett, George W. between 414, 415 McLaughlin, Alexander x ‘ ‘ i ‘582 Tuller, Flavel facing 424 McCoy, R. W. ‘ . : ‘ , ‘ 582 Tipton, Thomas between 434. 435 McCoy, William T. ‘ i ‘ . 2 + 582 Taylor, David facing 507 Martin William T. 4 " i ‘ 4 584 Thompson, John G. i 593 Matheney, Daniel . : - ‘ , : » §85 | Van Cleaf, Aaron R. between 186, 187 Needels, George : i r aan ; 5 5-4 Van Buskirk, John, 309 Needels, George W. a s i 0 » 456 Vause Family 349 Noe, Williams ‘ ‘ ‘ a 407 Vesey, 2 458 Noble John F . . ‘ “ . facing 512 Vincent, Nathan S. 482 Noble, Rev. Seth . : : ‘ ‘ 582 | Vincent, Lauretta C. : 482 Owens, S.M. , : : . . : 322 | Wilcox, 2B. ‘ ‘ 5 . 66 O'Harra, Arthur : : : facing 395 Wagner, Davis B. between 192, 193 Osborn Ralph . 5 ‘ F : . 582 | Wilson, James F., M. D. 317 Pinney Family a : facing 370 | Webster Family i . 409 Pontius Family . between 452, 453 | Wetmore, Dr. Charles Henry 5 . 409 Pollay, Mrs. Elizabeth B, 454 Woolley, Solomon Jackson between 416, 417 Potter, Joseph B., M. D. : ; 5 . 458 | White, Rev. J. W. facing 432 Powell Family ‘ ; 7 7 facing 464 Wright, Horace W. . . a 432 Parsons, Dr. 8. ‘ 582 | Worthington, R. M. 438 Pugh, Hon. John M. 591 | Wolf Family : . 466 Pugh, David ss : : - §92 | Walcutt, Charles C. facing ssa Quinn, David < ¥ é ‘ facing 413 Yates Family ‘ 299 Quinn, Samuel L. ‘ é i i . 489 Zieger Family . . . , - 228 CONTENTS. 5 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE’ PAGE, The Ohio State Capitol l : facing 1 Portrait of John Cochran r Te 344 Outline Maps of Frankin and Pickaway counties between 6, 7 | Portraits of Adam and Mrs. Nancy L. Millar 346 Early Indiap Map. : : 25 Residence of the late Wm. Millar, property of Adam Millar ‘346 Portrait of P. B. Wilcox . facing 66 | Residence and Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. James I. Vause “349 Bird's-Eye View of Circleville in 1836 . - 174 os “9 a ‘Mr. and Mrs Jacob Millar 6 asa Pickaway County Court House : facing 175 = e i ‘« Mr. and Mrs. Adam Teegardin 308 Residence of George W. Gregg ‘ . re 18r Portrait of E. M. Pinney . ‘© 370 Portrait of Aaron R. Van Cleaf between 186, 187 Portraits of Charles and Eliza Mitchell “372 as “« Samuel Marfield, Jr. é «186, 187 ‘© Samuel S, and Matilda Davis 376 se “H. N. Hedges, Sr. facing 191 Residence of Absalom Borror, with portraits «384 “ David B. Wagner between 192, 193 Portrait of Zachariah Marsh between 386, 387 ee “ George Hitler é x me 192, 193 Residence of Louis Bunn . u 386, 387 ss “ Elizabeth C. Darst . . facing 194 “ «John Linebaugh, with pomiait facing 389 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. James McCoy “© 196 | Portrait of Dr. Jeremiah Clark “* 390 we ‘* Matthew and Adam McCrea "B04 wt “ William Rohr . 369% Portrait of A. W. Thompson, M. D., 7 ‘© 210 «** Jacob Stoutzenbarger between 392, 393 “ “W. B. Thrall (steel) . «218 Residence of Jacob Stoutzenbarger ‘392, 393 «++ §. D. Turney (steel) “226 ‘ ‘ John Lisle, with portraits facing 394 st ‘« Martin Dreisbach (steel) “229 Portrait of Arthur O' Harra a0 he 395 «© « William Renick (steel) 2 ‘© 230° « W.H. Blake between 396, 397 ss ‘* Jacob Ludwig (steel) between 232, 233 «Frederick Stombaugh facing 397 Residence of Jacob Ludwig (steel) "232, 233 Portraits of Allen Orders and wife : "307 Portrait of John Groce (steel) facing 233° a ** John, Walter and Mary Field between 408, 409 a “TT. C. Smith (steel) é 234) ‘« Mr. and Mrs. Amason Webster «408, 409 Residence of Edward Smith between 234, 235 iE “C, L. and J. T. Webster "408, 409 7 “Joseph P. Smith ‘ ‘234, 235 Portrait of Mrs. Orrell E. Legg «408, 409 Portraits of Dr. Kingsley Ray and wife , « 236 «David Quinn facing 413 Portrait of Dr. Marcus Brown (steel) facing 239 Portraits of George W. Triplett andl site between 414, 415 * ‘Nelson J. Turney (steel) ™ ar Residence of George W. Triplett “414, 415 a ‘« Samuel H. Ruggles (steel) . “247 Postrait of S. J. Woolley (steel) ‘© 416, 417 Portraits of A. C. and Minerva R. Bell 7 7 » 248 «| Mrs. S. J. Woolley (steel) 416, 417 Portrait of Samuel Lutz . facing 249 Residence of S. J. Woolley 416, 419 Residence of George S. Hosler - “ 253 | Portrait of Flavel Tuller facing 424 Portrait of Otis Ballard, M. D. {steel) between 256, 257 «© George H. Griswold between 426, 427 Residence of J. and W. H. Ballard 256, 257 « « Mila T. Griswold “426, 427 ie “Sol. D. Riegel «258, 259 Portraits of W. T. Snow and wife “428, 429 Residence and Factory of H. D. Riegel a B88, 266 Portrait of John Snow «428, 429 Residence and Portrait of William Dreisbach facing 261 Residence of H. W. Wright facing 431 Residence and Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. John Mowery bet. 262, 263 Portrait of J. W. White (steel) a between 432, 433 Residence and Mill Property of D. Strous - ‘262, 263 Portraits of Thomas and Mrs. Elizabeth Tipton. fe 434, 435 «of Joseph Shoemaker e “264, 265 Residence of Robert M. Worthington, with portraits “434, 435 ‘« Nursery and Apiary of Samuel D. Riczel “264, 265 Portraits of J. W. Story and Margaret Story 437 Portrait of Major John Boggs ‘ “266, 267 # ‘« Joseph and Margaret Chenoweth 438 Residence of Lemuel Boggs (Elmwood) “266, 267 es ‘« Elijah and Nancy Chenoweth : 439 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Shelby . facing 269 Portrait of John Chaney, Jr. facing 440 Residence of W. W. Entrekin (Bellevue) “e971 Residence of Z. Vezey, with portraits “443 < ‘« John Caldwell, with Portraits of self and wile “272 Residence of Henry C. Swisher, with portraits “aga * “John Courtright, with Portraits of selfand wife ‘‘ 281 Portrait of George Needels (steel)! “eS Portraits of T. J. and Mrs. Ruth Dunnuck : - ‘282 | Portraits of John and Pamalia McGuffey between 450, 451 Residence of H. B, Swearingen (Bedinger) ‘286 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. John Blackwood “© 450, 451 a ‘« Joseph Davis, with Portraits “291 Portrait of H. L. Chaney “452, 453 Portrait of T. C. Tipton (steel) ‘2098 Portraits of Charles Pontius and wife 452, 453 Residence of David R. Yates “299 | Portrait of Samuel Bartlit (steel) “454, 455 Pickaway County Infirmary «300 «© « Elizabeth Pollay (steel) “454, 455 Portrait of Jacob Hitler (steel) “304 Portraits of Frederick and Charlotte Bunn . i 455 Portraits of Edward and Eliza Dresbach 305 «© Jeremiah Kalb, and Mahala Kalb, between 456, 457 Residence of Samuel W. Dunlap . “306 «« Mr, and Mrs. Samuel Hempy “456, 457 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Stanton Adkins between 308, 309 | Portrait of Sam’l O. Hendren : “456, 457 Residence, with portraits of Mr. and Mrs. J. Van Buskirk, facing 309 | Portraits of J. P. and Mrs. J. P. Arnold “456, 457 Residence, with portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Mouser facing 310 | - «« Jas, Sandy and Geo. W. Needels “456, 457 Portrait of S. P. Thomas} . ‘ 10 eae Portrait of John Rohr, Jr. ‘456, 457 “« Jesse Hays , . 316 « « J. B, Potter (steel) facing 458 ‘© James F, Wilson, M. D. facing 317 Portraits of David and Mrs. David Leigh : 460 Residence of George Dungan : ‘322 « «J, B. and Mrs. M. S. Powell facing 464 a “ Eli Harsh between 322, 323 «© James and Mary A. Enlows . between 466, 467 “ ‘©S, M. Owens «322, 323 «« Mr, and Mrs. J. R. Lunn “466, 467 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. John Mundell facing 327 | Portraits of W. Noe, and John Wolf ‘466, 467 ce “* Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Stiverson «328 ‘ « « Gilbert and Susan Green ‘466, 467 Residence of J. M. Lane me gge Residence and Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Galea facing 472 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. John Meknien between 338, 339 | Otterbein University “480 sis ‘* Mr. and Mrs. Alexander McKinley “338, 339 Portraits of Jos. and Mrs. Clapham, ania. O. Blair between 482, 483 Portrait of Col. Elias Florence . facing 341 «© «N.S. and Lauretta C. Vincent “482, 483 Portraits of Dr. J. C. and Mrs, Emily Thathpeee 342 «© «Mr, and Mrs. Horace Spring “482, 483 CONTENTS. “ Mr. and Mrs, Samuel Rigal Portrait of Jesse Baughman St. Mary's of the Springs Portrait of R. Z. Seeds Portraits of Mrs. Emula Rogers, and William Merion Portrait of 5. L. Quinn Engraving, Showing the Public Buildings oe Gotu Portrait of David Taylor “ John Noble * S. Brush ‘ Col. Isaac Dalton ‘* Hon. Thomas Miller * Dr, Samuel Z. Seltzer “ Dr. Van S. Seltzer ‘« Judge Thomas Stitt «J. P. Bruck “ Michael Reinhard “ Wm. Bell, Jr. “* Charles C. Walcutt “ Henry Heinmiller “ Louis Lindermann “ Christian Engeroff PAGE “ . facing between 536, 536, facing between 542, 542, facing “ between 560, “a 560, between 482, 483 486 488 495 496 496 593 597 5 12 520 528 533 527 537 540 543 543 548 $52 555 561 561 ILLUSTRATIONS. Residence, with Portraits, of Theodore Leonard Portrait of Francis C. Sessions (steel) Residence of Francis C. Sesssions Portrait of Orange Johnson Portraits of Isaac S. Beekey, and Dennis B. Strait Portrait of Daniel Matheney Portraits of P. W. Corzilius, and Henry Cashatt ‘* «Nathan Cole, and E. Kiesewetter “ Jno. T. Gale, and J. Kinnear i ‘ P, A, Eagan, and B. F. Bowen Portrait of Andrew Backus «© Franklin Gale F "© Jno. U. Rickenbacher Residence of Peter Ambos Portrait of Peter E, Ambos (steel) «“ Christian Jaeger (steel) * « Dr, L. Firestone (steel) .‘ RJ, Fanning (steel) ‘© John M. Pugh (steel) ‘"«* Francis Stewart (steel) ‘© «© James Kooken ‘© John G. Thompson (steel) PAGE facing 564 between 584, 585 “584, 585 "584, 585 facing 585 ‘ “585 between 586, 587 “586, 587 a 586, 587 “586, 587 facing 587 ‘ “e588 between 588, 589 “588, 589 ‘“* 588, 589 facing 590 between 590, 591 “590, 591 facing 591 between 592, 593 “592, 503 facing 593 ChilL o.eT 2S | $409 Saduuog LOaTeL, =) E N A N Q NOLO Ni HIYOAM oO uy | eo AL 3 4VmMYodd4ad 4 WTA Y LL. . oul pee me LION Nitana V S\W 4 Wd 3TNASIOHOID FRANKLIN COUNT Y eae aioe MARRION TARLION HOLLANG FAYETTE INTRODUCTION, The history of Franklin and Pickaway counties makes a volume of generous magnitude. The publishers place the book in the hands‘of its readers with the belief that it will be found to be a valuable contribution to local historical literature. That every statement it makes is free from error, and that there can be found in the book no typo- graphical, or as to the spelling of names of individuals, no orthographical mistakes, is not claimed. But we have aimed at accuracy, and believe we have been successful, so far as success is possible in a work of this nature. A large part of the material for the history had to be gathered from the early pioneers or their descendants, who, for the most part, were dependent upon their mem- ories for dates and events, and conflicting testimony was oftentimes furnished, puzzling the historian, who could do nothing better than to adopt that statement which seemed to him the most probable and trustworthy. The following named writers have contributed to the production of this book—all experienced and able in this special field of literary labor: Rev. C. S. Percival, Mrs. C. S. Percival, A. F. Mathews, Henry A. Ford, H. Z. Williams, A. R. Wildman, and J: H. SeCheverell. How, successfully and faithfully they have arranged and pre- sented the mass of local information which comprises the history of these two important counties of Ohio, must be left to the judgment of the reader. Valuable information and assistance have been ob- tained from the following works, to the authors of which we acknowledge our obligation with pleasure: Squier and Davis’ Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, Charles Whittlesey’s Essays, Chief Justice Chase’s His- tory of Ohio, James W. Taylor’s History of Ohio, Henry Howe’s History of Ohio, Caleb Atwater’s History of Ohio, Caleb Atwater’s Antiquities, John 5. C. Abbott’s History of Ohio, James R. Albach’s ‘Annals of the West, Isaac Smucker’s Contributions to the Secretary of State’s Reports, Land Laws of Ohio, Land Laws of the United States, The Virginia Military District, Studer’s History of Columbus "Sfattin’s History of Franklin County, Leg- islative Proceedings Railroad Commissioner’s Report— 1874 and 1877, Pioneer Address of Joseph Sullivant, Centennial Address of Henry C. Noble, esq., Geological Report, United States Census, Ohio Gazetteer—1829, Hildreth’s History of Ohio, Washington’s and Crawford’s Letters—C. W. Butterfield, The American Pioneer, The Archaelogia Americana, Drake’s Indian Biography, Sher- man Day’s Historical Collections of Pennsylvania, etc., etc. Our thanks are due to the following gentlemen for val- uable assistance rendered: At Columbus, to Ex-Gover- nor Dennison; to J. H. Studer for the free use of his able and elaborate History of Columbus; to B. F. Mar- tin, esq., for permission to make use of his father’s valu- able History of Franklin County; to Joseph Sullivant for verbal information, and the privilege of using his very in- teresting Family Memorial; and to W. A. Post & Co., and Brown Brothers, abstracters of titles, for access to records. At Circleville, to W. Marshall Anderson; to P. H. Smith, esq.; to Judge Henry F. Hedges; to William Renick; to the several editors of the Circleville papers; to O. Ballard, jr., William Doane, and G. F. Wittich, esq.; to Mrs. Carper, librarian; and to the clergy of the several churches. There are many others, residents of the several town- ships of the two counties to whom we feel indebted. To make mention of all would require a larger list of names than we have space to publish; to mention a few would We must, therefore, content ourselves with thanking one be to slight others equally entitled to our thanks. and all in a general way, which we do, with great sin- cerity and with gratitude. PREFACE TO GENERAL HISTORY. T has been our endeavor in the following pages to preserve, so far as possible, a chronological order. Thus we | present, first, a chapter upon the Mound Builders, followed by matter relating to the Indian tribes, and then an ac- county is given of the advent of the third race that has dwelt in the land. The chapter upon pioneer life is followed by those showing facts of early settlement, peculiarities of population, description of land titles, the first sur- vey, civil organization, etc. These, in turn, are followed by the history and description of some of the institutions and improvements of civilization; and then comes the department of city, village and township history, in which all of the foregoing is particularized and a detailed account given of the pioneers and early settlers, of the material progress made, and of the churches, schools, societies, manufacturing interests and other concomitants of the civilization which has, in the past three score years and ten, worked such a marvel in the wilderness, and flourished to such full fruition upon the very ground which, within the recollection of men now living, was covered with the trackless forest, the abode of wild beasts and savage men. The view is a comprehensive one. It extends from the scene of plenty and of peace, of well ordered society, of education and good morals, back to the time when all these things were not; from the scene of mental, moral and material affluence; from the cudtivated landscape, dotted with farm house, villa and town, busy and bustling with an hundred industries, back to the time of the lonely log cabin, and farther, to the savagery and wildness of the periods which preceded the white man’s occupancy. The lines and coloring in the foreground of the picture—the present—are clearly and sharply defined, the details plainly visible. In the middle distance the lights and shades are less clearly discernible and the objects that appear are less definitely defined. The vistas grow dimmer and darker and forms more and more indistinct until the lines’are lost and color confused in the vague shadow of the vast and sombre background beyond which all is night. HIS POR Y OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES CHAPTER I. THE PRE-HISTORIC RACE. OnLy the earth monuments enclosing a few relics of rude art and the last lingering remains of mortality— crumbling skeletons which literally turn to dust as the places of their sepulture are invaded—have endured to silently and solemnly attest in the nineteenth century the existence of a vast and vanished race, a people whose origin, nature, progress and ultimate destiny are shrouded in a gloom that cannot be dispelled, and only feebly pierced by a few faint rays of light. Strive as we may by what little there is of the accumu- - lated light of study, we can know but little of the people who occupied this continent prior to the age at which its written history begins. The race to which we ascribe the name of Mound Builders is one of which no chap- ter of history can be produced. No record has been left; no misty legends or traditions have been handed down to give us an idea of the character and condition of the ancient race. We can only gain an uncertain and unsatisfying glance behind the great black curtain of oblivion, and upon the vastest questions concerning the people, can obtain no absolute knowledge. We may search the silent monuments that stud a thousand landscapes of the Mississippi valley, and deduce conclusions from the facts discovered, in regard to the magnitude of the an- cient population, and to some extent of its degree of civilization; but as to the greater questions, whence did it come? and whither did it go? we can only indulge in speculations, fanciful, fascinating and—futile. It shall be our endeavor in this chapter to convey to the reader general ideas of the extent and nature of the antiquities abounding in Ohio, and without advancing speculations of our own, or attempting to indicate the probable origin of their builders or the cause of their disappearance, to briefly summarize the deductions and the theories of some of those students who have given this great subject the most careful consideration. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. The ancient works commonly attributed to the Mound Builders are spread over a large extent of country. They dot the valleys from the Alleghenies to the far northwest and extend from the lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. They are to be found upon the Missouri, a thousand miles from ~ 2 its junction with the Mississippi; upon the Kansas and Platte, and on other remote western rivers. They spread over the valley of the Mississippi, and line the shore of the gulf from Texas to Florida, and extend in diminished numbers into South Carolina. They occur in great num- bers in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri, Ar- kansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Al- abama, Georgia, Florida and Texas, and are less numer- ously distributed through the western parts of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and North and South Carolina, as also in Michigan, Iowa and the Mexican possessions. That the earthworks are distributed evenly over this ter- ritory should not be imagined. They are confined prin- cipally to the valleys of the rivers and large streams and those discovered elsewhere have been small. Many points of resemblance exist between the works in various parts of the country, which go to establish a kindred origin, but notwithstanding this fact they may be properly separated into three great greographical divisions. In the region bordering the upper lakes, in Wisconsin and, in a lesser degree, in Michigan, Iowa and Missouri, are found a succession of very peculiar remains, which bear only a slight analogy to those found in the other groups. These are great dasso relievos upon the face of the earth, bearing the forms of beasts, birds, reptiles and occasionally of men. ‘They have been discovered in great numbers, and usually in ranges which seem to have some connection or relation to each other. They extend across Wisconsin in a southwestern direction from Fond-du-lac to the Mississippi, and are found also in other parts of this State and those heretofore mentioned. What may be called the second geographical division, includes the Sciota valley earthworks, which will be more specifically considered in this chapter than those of the country at large. This division may be described as lying mostly within the valley of the Ohio and its tributaries. The third division may be defined as embracing the States along the Gulf of Mexico and the Southern Mississippi. The mounds in this division are of increased size and regularity of form and they seem more closely allied to the Teocalli-shaped structures that abound in Mexico, while the enclosures, on the other hand, which are numer- ous farther north, are diminished in size and importance. Here, too, traces of bricks are found in the mounds and in the walls of the enclosures. (9) 10 It is not within the province of this chapter to give an extended account of the southern or far northern and western groups of earthworks, but to dwell more partic- ularly upon those of the great central division, and in conclusion to present some theories and speculations upon the race.of people by whom they were built. “The number of tumuli in the State of Ohio may be safely estimated at ten thousand, and the number of en- closures at from one thousand to fifteen hundred.”* They are most numerous, as heretofore stated, along the larger streams, and the seats of the most dense population of the ancient people seem to have been along the Ohio, the Scioto and the Miamis, although they are scattered more or less numerously over almost the whole State. Not far from one hundred enclosures and five hundred mounds are found in Ross county, and along the fertile valley of the Scioto from the Ohio to Columbus it is safe to say there were at least three times this number of an- cient remains. Surprising as their number, their extent is equally a matter to excite the wonder of all who give this subject any study. Lines of embankment, varying in height from five to thirty feet, and enclosing areas of from one to fifty acres, are common, and enclosures of from one to two hundred acres are not unfrequently to be seen. Occa- sionally even this great size is exceeded. The mounds are of all sizes, from those but a few feet in height and a few yards in diameter, to the size of the great mound at Miamisburgh, Montgomery county, Ohio; which is sixty- eight feet in perpendicular height and eight hundred and fifty-two in circumference at the base, containing over three hundred thousand cubic feet of earth. Mounds of this size are most common in the South, and the usual dimensions of those in the section of country repre- sented in this work are considerably less than those of the mounds above mentioned. The greater number are from six to thirty feet in height by forty to one hundred in diameter at the base. Flint, in his geography, says : ‘We have seen mounds which would require the labor of a thousand men employed upon our canals, with all of their mechanical aids and the improved implements of their labor, for months.” Lewis and Clark describe an enclosure on the Missouri river which they estimated to contain six hundred acres, All of these constructions are composed of earth or stone, and sometimes these materials are mixed, though rarely. In some instances the carth and stone compos- ing these works are foreign in the locality, and must have been brought a considerable distance, but in the greater number of cases it has been removed from the surround- ing plain. Deep pits often exist near the embankments or mounds. ‘These are the wells of Caleb Atwater and other early writers on American antiquities. It 1s possi- ble that a few were wells, or that the earth having been removed to be used in the erection of an elevation, they may have been secondarily designed for cisterns, reser- voirs, or wells. The larger portion of the enclosures are regular in * Squier and Davis’ ‘Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley.” HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. outline, and the forms of the square and circle most often occur, either singly or in combination. Some are parallelograms, some ellipses, others polygons, regular or irregular. The irregular works are those which partake most of the character of defences, and are usually made to conform to the nature of the ground upon which they are situated, running along the brows of hills or cutting off the approaches to strong natural positions. The regular works, on the contrary, are found upon the level river terraces, great care having evidently been taken to select those least broken. It is in such localities that the combination of the square and circle is found, some- times communicating with irregular modifications of these forms by avenues consisting of parallel lines of embankment. Detached parallels are also numerous. The mounds are usually simple cones, sometimes truncated and occasionally terraced with graded or wind- ing ascents to the summits. Some are elliptical and some pear-shaped, and others squares or parallelograms, with flanking terraces. Another variety of remains are the causeways or roads and the graded descents to rivers. The alluvial terraces or river bottoms, as has been already remarked, were the favorite locality with the builders. The principal remains are found where the bottom is the widest and the soil most fertile. Some of the largest and most singular are at the junction of streams, as at Marietta, the mouths of Grave creek, of the Muskingum, Scioto, and Great Miami and other places. “It is worthy of remark,” say Messrs. Squier and Davis, in their admirable work, ‘that the sites selected for settlements, towns and cities by the ‘invading Europeans are often those which were the especial favorites of the Mound Builders and the seats of their heaviest population.” In confirmation of this remark may be mentioned the towns of Marietta, Newark, Portsmouth, Chillicothe, Circleville and Cincinnati, in Ohio; Frankfort, in Kentucky, and St. Louis, in Missouri. “The centers of population are now where they were at the period when the mysterious race of the mounds flourished.” The earth and stone works may be divided into two classes—-Enclosures and ‘Tumuli, or Mounds. These con- stitute a single system of works, but for obvious reasons it is proper to classify them as above. The two great classes may again be divided into minor classes, viz.: En- closures for Defence, Sacred and Misccllaneous Enclos- ures, Mounds of Sacrifice, ‘Temple Mounds, Mounds of Sepulture, etc. ‘The general character of these aboriginal monuments having been briefly indicated, we shall endeavor to give the reader a more particular description of each of the several classes of remains. DEFENSIVE WORKS. A large and interesting class of the Mound Builders’ works are of such a nature that the object for which they were constructed is indisputable. This kind of enclos- ures, or “forts,” as they are commonly called, are to be found throughout the dength and breadth of the Mis- sissippi valley, from the Alleghanies to the ranges of the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. It Rocky mountains. The rivers that flow through this vast basin have worn their valleys deep into what was originally a plain, leaving broad terraces. The sides of these terraces are generally steep and difficult of access, and sometimes absolutely inaccessible. These are the very points that would naturally be selected by any people as the sites of defensive works, and hence it is not a matter of surprise that these heights are found to be occupied by strong and complicated works. The locations have evi- dently been chosen with great care. They occupy the highest points of land, are never commanded from neighboring positions, and while rugged and steep on most sides, have one or more points of easy approach, in the protection of which the builders seem to have ex- erted their skill to its utmost. The usual defence is a simple embankment thrown up along and a little below the brow of the hill, varying in height and substantiability according to the degree of pro- tection afforded by the natural declivity. Upon the side where the peninsula or promontory merges with the main land of the terrace or plateau, the enclosure is usually found to be guarded by double or overlapping walls, or a series of them, having sometimes an accompanying mound, designed, it may be, for a lookout, and corres- responding to the barbican in the system of defence of the Britons of the middle ages. Works have been found which must originally have been by the side of streams, but from which the latter have receded in some cases half a mile. There is no instance of any fortification, enclosure, tumulus’or other relic of the race of Mound Builders, having been found upon the lower or latest formed river terraces or bottoms. This is an important - fact, and in connection with the one which precedes it affords strong evidence of the remoteness of the age in which the valley of the Ohio was the abiding place of this pre-historic people. Works of defence are found at Bourneville, Ross county, where the top of a high hill, having an area of one hundred and forty acres, is enclosed by a stone wall; in Butler and Highland counties upon the Little and Great Miami rivers; in Licking county, Greene, Warren and Preble counties, and a great many other places, that might be mentioned. These works considered in a military point of view as forts, are in well chosen localities invariably, are well guarded, and with an adequate force, it seems rational to surmise, may have been absolutely impregnable to any mode of attack practiced by a rude or semi-civilized peo- ple. As natural strongholds they could not be excelled, and the amount of labor and skill expended in the arti- ficial strengthening of the positions can not but arouse the admiration of the most stolid, and cause surprise to every student of our American antiquities. Some, of these works are enclosed by mzles of wall from ten to fif- teen feet in height, measuring from the bottom of the ditch. With all of the facilities and labor-saving appli- ances of the present age, the construction of such exten- sive works would be a large undertaking ; and when we reflect how comparatively rude, at the best, must have been the means in the possession of the people who raised the defensive works that abound in the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi and their tributaries, we have some means of judging o” the number of inhabitants the country must have had in the pre-historic era, and of the character of these people. Some of the “forts” have ‘dug holes” which contain at the present day large quan- tities of water, and which, it is not improbable, may have been designed as reservoirs from which a vast number of people, in a state of siege, may have drawn their water supply. All of the details of construction in the more important of these works point conclusively to the char- acter of the works. That they were intended for military defence does not admit adoubt. The fact that the walls following the angles of the hill formed strong natural bas- tions, that the embankments are highest where the natu- ral defence was slightest, and that the gateways where ascent was practicable are guarded by double walls or successive series of walls, go to sustain the conclusion. Every avenue is strongly guarded; the principal ap- proaches, at the only points of easy access, are rendered doubly secure, often by the most intricate arrangement of fortifications. In or near almost all of these enclosures of a defensive nature there is a mound which may have been a watch or signal tower, Some of the remains of fortifications show large num- bers of openings which it has been surmised by various students of archeology were not all intended for places of ingress and egress, but were for the most part occu- pied by block-houses or bastions, composed of timber, which has long since, perhaps many centuries ago, de- cayed. A notable enclosure in which this peculiarity occurs is “Fort Ancient” in Warren county, Ohio. Here, too, is shown a strong evidence of the skill of the ancient race, and of their design. Across an isthmus connecting a singular peninsular-like hill with a large plateau the arti- ficial wall is not less than twenty feet in height, or twice as high as that which skirts along the top of the precipit- ous descent. From the many manifestations that these works afford of the military judgment of their builders it is safe to conclude that the fortifications were in all par- ticulars the best to secure the objects they sought, and that what may seem to us evidences of weakness or in- sufficiency might appear very differently had we a knowl- edge of the Mound Builders’ system of warfare, and of the nature of the people who were their opponents. One great principle may be laid down, from an exam- ination of the ancient remains, viz.: those works that were primarily and principally intended for defence were situated upon the best natural sites, and they were irregu- lar in form. What scenes of slaughter, deeds of bravery and hero- ism, may have been enacted upon and within these walls on which the grass has been growing for centuries; upon which great monarchs of the forest have slowly developed and rotted away, we can only imagine. But that here was felt the awful shock of war we cannot doubt. Such vast works were not raised because of any groundless fears; they were for defence against a known and power- ful enemy; they were constructed through the exercise of a wonderful-industry and steadfastness of purpose. It is safe to suppose that the race who toiled to rear 12 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. these almost imperishable walls of earth had the hardi- hood and the courage to fight to the last against any foe—to conquer if they could, die if they must. In regard to the military works and the people by whom they were built, an eminent writer upon that sub- ject* has advanced a theory from which we shall quote. After speaking of the small defensive works that form a line through the northerfi part of the State from Conne- aut to Toledo, this archzeologist says: “The most natural inference in respect to this cordon of works is that they were constructed either to protect the advance of a nation landing from the lake and moving southward for conquest, or that they formed a line of resistance for a people inhabiting these shores and pressed upon by their southern neighbors.” Nearly all of the works at the north are comparatively small, and they are indisputably works of defense. At the south, on the other hand, agriculture and religion seem to have chiefly occupied - the attention of the ancient people. ‘In view of these facts,” continues the writer, “we may venture to suggest a hypothesis without undertaking to assign to it any more than a basis of probability. Upon the assumption that two distinct nations occupied the State—that the north- ern were warlike and the southern peaceful and agricul- tural in their habits—may we not suppose that the latter were overcome by their northern neighbors, who built the military works to be observed upon the Ohio and its tributaries, while the more regular structures are the remains of the conquered people.” Messrs. Squier and Davis in their work upon the Mound Builders combat this theory. They say: “The differences pointed out are not greater than would naturally be ex- hibited between the structures of a sparse frontier popu- lation and those erected by more central and dense com- munities. The vast amount of work necessary to the construction of these forts precludes the notion that they were hastily constructed to repel a single or unexpected invasion. On the contrary there seems to have been a system of defences extending from the sources of the Susquehanna and Allegheny, in New York, diagonally across the country through central and northern Ohio to the Wabash. Within this range the works that are re- garded as defensive are largest and most numerous. It may be inferred from the facts above stated that the pres- sure was from the northwest or that if the tide of emigration flowed from the south it was checked by this line. If, on the other hand, we suppose that in this region origin- ated a semi-civilization which subsequently spread south- ward, constantly developing itsclf in its progress until it attained its culmination in Mexico, we may draw the in- ference that the savage hordes before whom the less war- like Mound Builders gradually retreated, or under whose onslaughts those who occupied the frontier entirely dis- appeared, came from the north. The contest was in either case a protracted one, the immense change a slow one. The resemblances between the defences of the Mound Builders and those exhibited in Mexico and Peru are numerous, and point to the conclusion that they were * Charles Whittlesey, Esy., of Cleveland. ee the work of the same class of people, though in different eras of the progress of civilization. The consideration of other classes of monuments, especially the sacred enclos- ures, will show equally strong resemblances, but we shall not just here enlarge upon this branch of our subject, re- serving it for consideration in another part of this chapter. SACRED ENCLOSURES. The existence through southern Ohio, and particnlarly in the Scioto valley, of a class of works very different in form and position from the military works, has been one of the most interesting facts that the students of arch- eology have had to claim their attention, and has been one of the most important as a source of light by which to study the nature of the ancient race. Evidences of a very satisfactory nature are afforded by this class of re- mains, that the Mound Builders were a religious race, for it has been demonstrated beyond a doubt, by those who have delved for secrets in some of these earth re- mains, that they were intended and used for sacred pur- poses. The small dimensions of most of the works, their regularity of construction, the occurrence of the ditch, interior to the embankment and the fact that many of them are completely commanded by adjacent heights, are circumstances which combine to show that the works were not intended solely or principally for defence. It being evident that this class of remains were not built for military purposes, the above conclusion is inevitable. In general character these works offer an appearance very different from those which have already been de- scribed. They are most commonly to be found on the ~ low, level, broad river bottoms, and seldom occur upon the table lands, or where the surface of the earth is broken or undulating. They are usually square or cir- cular in form, and often these forms are found in combin- ation. Very frequently they are to be seen in groups, though many instances are known of their being isolated. The greater number of the circles are of small size, with a nearly uniform diameter of two hundred and fifty or three hundred feet, and the ditch or fosse invariably ap- pears interior to the wall. These circles have one gate- way, which usually, though not always, opens toward the east. Mounds occur within them which are called sacri- ficial mounds. The small circles usually occur within larger works of a different character. Numerous little circles, from thirty to fifty feet in diameter, are found in proximity to larger works, and it is conjectured that they were intended for the foundations of lodges or structures of some kind, perhaps the habitations of the chiefs or priests. ‘The larger circles are oftenest found in connec- tion with squares; some of them embrace as many as fifty acres. They seldom have a ditch, but where they do, it is within the wall. As in the case of the rectangu- lar works with which they are combined (and which it is believed never have a ditch), their walls appear to have been constructed of material brought from a distance, or removed evenly from the surface enclosed. It is apparent that care has been taken in the construc- tion of these works to leave the surface of the land enclosed by and adjacent to the structures as unbroken HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 13 as possible. As it has been shown that the builders of these works displayed in the construction of their mili- tary fortifications a knowledge of the value of the ex- terior fosse, this fact alone affords almost positive proof against the hypothesis of- military design. The walls usually have been found to be slight, not exceeding a height of from three to seven feet, though in some cases, as in the great circle at Newark and in the works at Cir- cleville, they were much higher, being at the first-named place thirty feet and at-the latter from fifteen to twenty. The square or rectangular works found in combination with the circles are of various dimensions, but it has been noticed that certain groups are marked by a great uniformity in size. Quite a number are exact squares and measure exactly one thousand and eighty feet across. This uniformity could not possibly be accidental, and it clearly establishes the fact that the builders had some standard of measurement. The square enclosures have almost invariably eight gateways, at the angles and mid- way between upon each side, all of which are covered by small mounds. In some of the larger enclosures the openings are more numerous. A few remains, probably constructed for the same purpose er purposes as the squares and circles, have been discovered which are of an octagonal form. Near Chillicothe there is one of this character. The parallels, consisting of slight embank- ments, seven or eight hundred feet in length, and sixty or eighty feet apart, are considered as belonging to the general division denominate sacred enclosures. The works are so varied in the forms exhibited and combinations effected that it is impossible to convey an adequate idea by description. If they were intended as the temples: and consecrated grounds of the ancient race, how great must have been the religious zeal and en- thusiasm that led to their erection. The magnitude of these works affords perhaps the greatest objection to the theory that they were formed entirely for the purpose which we have here supposed. Is it not more probable that the largest of these works, such as that at Newark, which includes within its walls a little less than four square miles, or even those which existed at Circleville, may have subserved several different purposes—that they may, in addition to having been places for worship, have been the theaters where games were indulged in, where marriages may have been celebrated, and great councils held? May they not have been occupied with the tents or houses or temples of the priesthood, or of those among the people who were great in authority, and, lastly, is it improbable that they were intended, also, in case of necessity to serve as places of refuge from an enemy? With the possibility, however, that the large and some- times complicated enclosures were used for the several purposes above indicated, there remains the probability that they were more expressly designed for the celebra- tion of religious or superstitious rites, and upon a co- lossal scale. There is reason to believe that the religious system of the Mound Builders, like that of the Aztecs, wielded among them a vast and probably controlling influence. Their government may have been a government of the priesthood, one in which their religious leaders exer- cised also the civil authority, and through its strong sway secured the erection of these monuments, which chal- lenge the wonder of men, as the temples of an unknown God. Messers. Squier and Davis, in their work, say that these works “were probably like the great circles of Eng- land and the squares of India, Peru and Mexico, the sacred enclosures, within which were erected the shrines of the gods of the ancient worship and the altars of the ancient religion. They may have embraced eonsccrated groves.” We know that it has been a practice common to almost every people in every. time to enclose their shrines, their places of worship, that they might be guarded from the profanation of man and the desecra- tion of animals. We may reason, therefore, from anal- ogy that the class of remains which we have been considering were sacred enclosures. But it may be in- quired, what has become of the enclosed shrines? It must be conceded that any edifices not composed of stone or other imperishable material must have long ago disappeared and left no trace of existence. Neverthe- less, within these enclosures are and have been found the sacrificial altars upon which human beings have un- doubtedly been immolated, and pyramidal structures are to be seen which, except that they are composed of earth instead of stone, and have winding, graded ways leading to their summits instead of broad flights of steps, are similar to those found in Mexico. If these sustained edifices for worship they were doubtless composed of wood, which ages ago crumbled into dust. This class of works has been found and carefully sur- veyed and examined, at various localities in Ross county; at Newark, Licking county; at Circleville ; in Athens county ; Pike county ; at Marietta; at the mouth of the Scioto ; in Montgomery county ; in Franklin county, and at various other localities in Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and along the Mississippi valley. SACRIFICIAL, SEPULCHRAL, TEMPLE AND MEMORIAL MOUNDS. Stately marble palaces and temples have fallen into shapeless masses of ruins, while the simple mounds erected by a more rude and primitive people have with- stood the elements and retained almost perfectly their original forms and proportions. Therefore we find scat- tered throughout a wide country the mound monuments raised by an ancient race. These were among nearly all races, in their infancy, the first objects of which ambition and adoration prompted the erection, the primitive me- morials of all peoples. They are the principal store- houses of ancient art; they enclose the sacred altars reared in the name of a lost religion ; they hold in sepul- ture the bones of the distinguished dead. As disclosed by the pick and spade these mounds and their contents serve to give the investigating archeologist the most ex- tensive knowledge he can obtain in regard to the customs of their builders and the condition of the arts and sciences among them. The mounds found in Ohio and elsewhere are most commonly divided by the students of this class of an- 14 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. tiquities into several classes, viz.: Sepulchral, Sacrificial, Temple, Memorial or Monumental, Anomalous Mounds and Mounds of Observation. There is also a class of Effigies (which seldom occur except in the northwest) that are variously styled Animal, Emblematic or Symbol- ical mounds. Like the enclosures elsewhere described, these mounds are usually composed of earth, though stone mounds are by no means rare. It occasionally happens that a mound of stone occurs in a group of those composed of earth, as is the case of those which were within the limits of the city of Chillicothe. In respect to the positions of the-mounds it may be said that those in Ohio occur mostly within or near enclosures; some- times in groups but oftenér isolated. Such is believed to be the case generally throughout the Mississippi valley. Messrs. Squier and Davis examined with especial refer- ence to this point the works along the Ohio, from the Scioto to the Guyandotte, and found none of large dimen- sions in the form of enclosures, though mounds, chiefly small ones, were found in abundance. They were placed sometimes in lines as if by design. On the tops of the hills bordering the valleys in which earthworks are found, mounds occur in considerable numbers, the most elevated and commanding positions being frequently crowned with them. It is conjectured, and upon grounds of the strong- est probability, that the mounds of this class were used for the same purpose as the cairyus of the ancient Celts, that is as signal or alarm posts, and they have conse- quently been denominated signal mounds or mounds of observation. Colonel W. Marshall Anderson, of Circle- ville, an enthusiastic student of American antiquities, who has devoted much time to the examination of the Mound Builders’ remains, holds to the above theory and has dem- onstrated by actual survey, made at his own expense, that these signal posts or watch towers which occur in the Scioto valley, formed a régular chain or system, and that by means of fires upon them signals could be sent up or down the country, to give warning of the approach of an enemy or to convey other intelligence. It is by no means improbable that centuries ago stirring information of dan- ger, of defeat or of victory may have been flashed from station to station by means of beacon fires, the whole length of the Scioto and that messages of vast import may have been almost as quickly sent by this means in the pre-historic age, as they now are by electricity. It is an astounding but in every respect a reasonable conclu- sion that before the discovery of America by Columbus or by the Norse adventurers intelligence may have been sent from the Ohio river to the interior of what is now the State of Ohio with at least as great rapidity as in the present age by the steam-driven mail train that sweeps up the valley from Portsmouth to the Capitol! On the eastern border of the Scioto valley, from Chilli- cothe to Columbus, about twenty mounds of the class commonly called mounds of observation, occur, so placed in respect to each other that were the forest of the country somewhat modified, signals of fire might be transmitted along the whole line. There is one upon the hill nearly six hundred feet high, called Mount Logan, near Chillicothe, which includes. in its range the Circle- ville works and others up and down the Scioto valley. These mounds vary in size according to the height of the natural eminences upon which they are placed. Sometimes they are found so far back from the crests of the hills as to be invisible from the valleys—a fact which, while it does not harm the hypothesis that many of the mounds were intended, primarily, for signal posts, clearly indicates that others were intended for different purposes, Some bear upon their summits the traces of intense heat, whether of fires kindled to serve as signals, or for the celebration of some religious rite, it is not always safe to conjecture. The lines of classification can never be rigidly drawn. There are many mounds that must be regarded as anomalous. . The altar or sacrificial mounds have several distinctive characteristics. They occur only within or near the en- closures of that class commonly considered as the sacred places of the ancient race; they are usually stratified, and they contain symmetrically formed altars upon which are found various remains, all of which have been subjected to the action of fire. The altars are usually of stone or burnt clay, evidently brought from a distance; are of regular form, and rest upon the surface of the original earth at the center of the mound. Upon these altars have been found calcined bones, ashes, charcoal, igneous stones, beads, stone implements and pottery. Sacrifices of animals were, without doubt, here offered to propitiate the gods, and it is probable that human sacrifices also occurred. Although the altars are symmetrical, they are by no means uniform in shape or size. Some are round, some oblong, others square, and they vary from two to fifty feet in length, the usual dimensions being from five to eight feet. The remains found in the sacrificial mounds are, in numerous cases, such as to indicate that the altars had been covered up before the fires upon them were extinguished. The stratification of the mounds is not horizontal, but conforms to the convexity of their shape, and consists of alternate layers of sand, gravel and pebbles. Why the altars were covered is a question that cannot be answered. It may have been in conformance to some religious law, or to preserve them from the profane gaze of the people of another faith than that of these builders. Sepulchral mounds are more numerous than any of the other classes of tumuli. ‘They are generally of con- ical form, and vary in size from six to eighty or ninety fect in height, the average altitude being perhaps twenty feet. They usually stand outside of the walls of enclos- ures, and often occur in localities remote from any other monuments, though there are many cases in which they are found in groups, exhibiting a dependence that prob- ably has some meaning. These mounds invariably cover a skeleton, and in rare instances, more than one. ‘The skeletons most commonly have evidences of having been enveloped at the time of their interment in bark, or coarse matting, of which the traces and casts sometimes’ remain. Occasionally a rude chamber of stone or tim- ber surrounded the human remains. Burial by fire seems to have been frequently practiced by the Mound Builders in Ohio and the other Northern States, and urn burial HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 15 undoubtedly prevailed in the Southern States. With the skeletons are found various remains of art, rude utensils of different kinds, ornaments and weapons. The fact that such articles are always found in close proximity to the human remains indicates that the Mound Builders, like the North American Indians, had the superstitious and delusive notion that the implements and weapons would be useful to the deceased in the future state. It is vulgarly believed that the ancient race reared mounds over the resting places of all their dead, an idea which is readily dispelled by reflection upon the immensity of their population and the comparatively small number of mounds. A people so numerous as the Mound Builders must have been, and living in the country, as there is evidence they did, for a long period, must have had vast cemeteries. The conclusion to which all archzologists have come in regard to this matter, is, that only the illus- trious chieftains or priests of the race were honored by the rearing of mounds over their places of sepulture, and that the greater number, the common people of the race, were buried by the simple process of interment. Day after day, and year after year, since the present race pushed westward into the valleys of the Ohio and Missis- sippi, the ploughshare has uncovered remains which have well-nigh returned “to the dust whence they came.” So common has been the occurrence of unearthing human remains in some parts of the country that the discovery scarcely elicits remark. The wasting banks of the rivers occasionally display vast cemeteries, and names have been given to several localities from such exposures. At vari- ous places thousands of graves are said to occur, placed in ranges parallel with each other, and extensive ancient burial places are well known in Missouri and Tennessee. -It is not to be wondered at that when the bones in -the mounds have so nearly crumbled into shapeless fragments, those buried in the common plain, and which are neces- sarily less protected from moisture, should in many cases have passed to that condition nearly or quite indistin- guishable from the mould that surrounds them. There are doubtless grand depositories of the dead who thronged our valleys and raised the silent monuments of their toil all about us. We know not when we tread the earth of our village streets or the green turf of the fields, but that we walk over the remains of thousands of forms, which an age ago were pregnant with the same life and spirit of which we are possessed. By some students it is maintained that the size of the sepulchral mounds bears somé relation to the rank and importance, when living, of the personages over whom they have been erected. It is conjectured that where several tumuli are found in juxtaposition, the largest covers the remains of some hero or chief among the peo- ple and the small ones those of members of his family, or perhaps those who were his counsellors and aids. In many instances the remains of Indians have been found in the mounds, usually interred near the surface. The comparatively recent date of their entombment is estab- lished by the fact that with the remains have been dis- covered silver ornaments, objects such as have never been found in the lower depths of the tumuli, and clearly ‘of Mexico. of such origin as would point to their manufacture or introduction by the early French or English explorers. In instances where large numbers of human remains have been unearthed in the digging down of mounds, the verdict of those qualified by research to judge, has been that they were the skeletons of Indians. It is probable that the ceremonies of interment among the Mound Builders were conducted with great regularity of system, and that they were deliberate and solemn observ- ances, regulated by religious customs and celebrated with all of the pomp and dignity that have characterized simi- lar ceremonies among most superstitious races. It is not improbable that in certain cases a special practice may have been obseryed. The presence or absence of char- coal layers and also the evidences of incremation or of simple inhumation may be accounted for upon this hypo- thesis. The greatest of the mounds of this class is at the mouth of Grave creek, upon the Ohio, twelve miles below Wheeling, in the State of Virginia. Its height is about seventy feet, and its circumference at the base about one thousand. When excavated, in 1838, it- was found to contain two chambers, one upon the level of the surrounding plain, containing two skeletons, and another thirty feet above, which contained but one skele- ton. It is conjectured that the latter was placed upon the top of the mound as first erected, and that earth was then piled upon it until the mound reached its present proportions, With the remains in this great mound were found between three and four thousand shell beads, a number of ornaments of mica, bracelets of copper, and various articles carved from stone. Small mounds, of the kind which has here been described, abound along the valley of the Ohio and the Scioto. The Temple mounds are not numerous in Ohio, and it is believed only occur at Marietta, Newark, Portsmouth, and in the vicinity of Chillicothe. They are usually in the form of truncated cones, and when of other form than the cone have invariably flattened or level tops. Some have a large area and slight elevation, and are called plat- forms. Some are terraced, and some have graded ways or spiral ascents to their summits. The object for which the mounds of this class were reared was, it is conjec- tured, to furnish sites for temples or “high places ” for the performance of the religious rites of the people. Along the Mississippi river the further southward investi- gations have been carried the larger and more perfect are tumuli of this kind found to be. They constantly increase in size until they merge by imperceptible degrees of im- provement into the form and magnitude of the Teocalli Some remarkable temple mounds occur in Kentucky, on the Cumberland river, and elsewhere. In Whiteby county is one three hundred and sixty feet long, one hundred and fifty wide and twelve high, with graded ascents; and at Hopkinsville, Christian county, is one of great size, upon which the court house is built.”* These mounds, whether found in the north or south, are gener- ally of large base and small altitude. ‘‘ The supposition is that the summits of these temple mounds were crowned * Squier and Davis. 16 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. with structures of wood that served the purpose of tem- ples, all traces of which, owing to the perishable nature of the material used in their construction, have disap- peared.” * Memorial or monumental mounds belong to the class of tumuli that were constructed to perpetuate the memory of some important event, or in honor of some great per- sonage. Many of the mounds found along the Ohio, and in fact throughout the country from the lakes south- ward, are believed to be of this class. The practice of raising mounds of stone or earth among the ancient He- brews and other nations of antiquity is a well authenti- cated matter of history—religious and profane. _ It is sup- posed that the Mound Builders, like those races, and like the civilized people of the present age, reared many of their mounds to serve simply as monuments or memorials of great deeds accomplished. * Beside the classes of tumuli already described are many others of various construction and characteristics, as the stone heaps, for instance, which occur in connec- tion with the works and sometimes alone, and the mounds composed of what appear to be ashes and portions of charcoal. By far the most striking and peculiar construc- tions, however, are the animal mounds of the northwest. The field in which this class of remains occur is em- braced within the southern part of Wisconsin and extends from east to west about one hundred and fifty miles. The effigies or animal mounds are simply raised figures or great dasso‘relietios of beasts, birds, reptiles and some- times of men. They are from a foot to six feet in height. The belief has been expressed by some good authorities that these works were intended to be heraldic symbols, or symbolical mounds, which may have been erected as objects of worship or as altars upon which sacrifices were offered, or that perhaps they “served some other purposes connected with the religious worship of their idolatrous and superstitious constructors.” “Of the three most notable examples of effigies in our State,” says Mr. Smucker, of Newark, “two are situated in Licking county. One of these is near the center of an ancient work com- monly called ‘The Old Fort,’ which is an enclosure of high banks, within a mile of Newark, containing within its embankments nearly thirty acres. It is called Eagle mound from its supposed resemblance to an eagle on the wing. At all events it represents a bird of immense pro- portions with its wings outspread. * * * * Its length is, approximately, two hundred feet and it meas- ures about the same from tip to tip of wings. Excava- tions into the middle of this effigy brought to light an altar which gave indications of the action of fire upon the earth and stones composing it, while the presence of ashes and charcoal strongly suggested sacrificial offerings.” The other, called Alligator mound, is situated upon the summit of a hill about six miles west of Newark. The shape and form are distinctly represented. Near Brush creck, in Adams county, is the most extensive and re- markable effigy mound in Ohio. “It is in the form of a serpent [we quote from Mr. Smucker] of more than a * Isaac Smucker, thousand feet in length, his body forming graceful curves and his tail terminating in triple coils. The embankment — which constitutes the main body of the serpent is about five feet in height, measures thirty feet in width and diminishes in size both toward the head and tail.” The mouth is widely open, as if in the act of swallowing or ejecting an oval figure, which rests partly within the dis- tended jaws. ‘The combined figure has been regarded by some as a representation of the oriental cosmological idea of the serpent and the egg.” A singular class of remains is fourid in Missouri. They consist of small tumuli having, as a general thing, the form of an ellipse, and measure about twenty-five by eighteen feet. They are very numerous in some locali- ties, always occur near the streams, and are arranged in straight lines, with regular streets between them, as if they were the remains of mud houses, or the foundations upon which some kind of structures had once stood. THE ART REMAINS found in the various earth works of the Mound Builders consist mostly of articles of pottery and implements, weapons and ornaments made of flint, bone, ivory, shell, stone and metal. No traces of wooden utensils are found. If the ancient race had such they have perished completely. But few and faint evidences have been found of materials which formed articles of dress. The Mound Builders seem to have attained a considerable degree of skill in the art of making pottery, and the vari- ous specimens that have been found exhibit a delicacy of modeling and finish which compare favorably with the ancient Mexican and Peruvian pottery, which they re- semble in many particulars. They are superior to any- thing of known Indian origin. ‘The material of which they are composed is a fire clay, usually worked nearly pure, though sometimes containing an admixture of sand, pulverized quartz, or mica. The articles found have been urns, bowls, vases, pipes, and rude sculptures, prob- ably idols, representing men and animals. But compar- atively few of these specimens have been found in Ohio. They are more numerous, and of finer and larger pro- portions, in the South. Articles of metal have been discovered in consider- able numbers. ‘They are of such appearance as to indi- cate that the makers had no knowledge of the art of re- ducing metals from the ores or of forming them by the aid of fire. Most of the implements and ornaments appear to have been shaped by hammering. Copper is among the metals that occur most commonly, and of it axes, , breast-plates and various ornaments are composed. Silver only occurs as the plating or covering of other metals. Tt is laid on with great delicacy, over copper, in thin leaves. Copper axes and drills or chisels, hammered from rods of this metal, have been found at various places in Ohio—in the Scioto valley and other sections of the State. Ornaments of copper have been found encircling the arms of skeletons in the sepulchral mounds and are not unfrequently discovered upon the altars en- closed in the sacrificial mounds. Gorgets or breast-plates of the same metal frequently occur, as do also discs ye HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 14 tubes, beads, etc. These articles, like the axes, have not only been found in the tumuli of the Southern States, but in those of the Northern, and specimens of all have been picked up at Chillicothe, Circleville, and other places in the vicinity of the Scioto. Implements of stone, flint arrow and spear heads, and axes of obsidian greenstone, porphyry and granite are among the articles found in the largest quantity and variety. The axes vary in size from two to ten inches in length, and from slight weight up to that of a dozen pounds. They were evi- dently intended, in most cases, to be attached to handles, and were designed for various uses, as battle axes, or simple cutting or crusting imstruments, of value in the arts of peace and industry. Awl and needle shaped instruments made of polished bone, and horn, are of frequent occurrence The immense quantities in which these pipes have been unearthed would indicate that the Mound Builders were great smokers. They are of an almost infinite variety of forms, sizes and substance, some simple and others very elaborate in design. Most are worked in porphyry and display a finish which would indicate that their makers were considerably advanced in the arts. A large proportion of the articles found in the mounds may be classed as ornaments. Beads may be counted in some instances by hundreds, and even thousands, each orie of such appearance as to indicate no inconsiderable labor of production. They are formed of metal, bone, ivory, shells and other materials. Pendants of quite elaborate workmanship are common. Many of the beads, pen- dants, gorgets and nameless ornaments are of peculiar and oft-recurring form, a fact that leads to the conclusion that they had a conventional significance and were worn as insignia or badges of distinction. Mica seems to have been much regarded by the Mound Builders, and has fre- quently been found in the sepulchral mounds and else- where, both in its crude state and in the form of various ornaments, The sculptures from the mounds belong to the highest grade of remains left by the ancient race. ‘There is noth- ing imposing about them, but they are remarkable for the faithfulness with, which they represent animals and birds of other climes than those in which they are found, and they thus are of value as indicating the emigration, exten- sive communication, or a cotemporaneous existence of the same race over a vast extent of country. The sculp- tures, like all the other remains, are more numerous ‘toward the gulf of Mexico than in the north. Represen- tations of the human head have been found under such circumstances as to leave little doubt that they belonged to the mound era. Images of animals are much more common than those of the human head or figure. Their leading characteristics are such as to point to an identity between them and the larger and more elaborate sculp- tures found in Mexico. The art remains are immeasur- ably beyond anything that the North American Indians are known to have produced, even at this day, with all of the suggestions of European art and the advantages af- forded by steel instruments.” * * Squier and Davis. “acres. REMAINS IN PICKAWAY AND FRANKLIN COUNTIES. The ancient remains in Pickaway and Franklin coun- ties number at least a hundred distinct works, and there are doubtless even more. The larger portion of them are In Pickaway county, and the most important are to) be found in the vicinity of Circleville, which was unques- tionably a densely settle center of population, as was evidenced by the extensive works which give the present - town its name and which are fully described elsewhere in this volume. (See history of Circleville.) There is upon the place of D. M. Pontious, within the Circleville incorporation limits, a small mound, partially destroyed by excavation. Just outside of the corpora- tion is a lookout or signal mound upon the land of N. Julien, upon the Lancaster pike. There is also upon Edward Smith’s property, a mound upon a natural eminence corresponding to that which stood where the Episcopal church now is, and perhaps belonging to the same system. It was opened a number of years ago by Col. W. Marshall Anderson, who removed from it some small articles of copper and a finely preserved skull, which is mentioned by Prof. Wilson in his work on Pre-historic Man. There is upon John J. Lindsey’s place, near the river, a small mound which may, how- ever, be of natural formation. In Washington township there is a simple tumulus upon the farm of Jacob Hitler, and in Pickaway there are several tumuli, among the most important being those upon the farms of S. H. Evans and James Rader, and one in the forty-fourth sec- tion, the latter probably as large as any tumulus in the county. That upon the farm of Mr. Rader is upon a natural elevation and is about twenty feet high. In Jackson township there is a conical mound about thirty-five feet high, near John Renick’s house, on Darby creek. It corresponds to the signal mounds in Circle- ville and Wayne townships, and commands a view of several of them. Another mound in this township is upon the river, on land owned by W. B. Caldwell. It is a regular conical shaped tumulus, about twenty-five feet high, and was doubtless, like most of the other mounds in this vicinity, used as a signal station. Upon land owned by Washington McLean and situated upon Darby creek, is another large mound, and not far away the washing of the creek has disclosed large quantities of human bones, buried at a depth of only two or three feet. It is conjectured, from the manner of burial, that the beings whose bones were laid here perished in battle and were hastily interred. In Wayne township there is an enclosure on the Wil- liam Fleming farm. The walls were about ten or twelve feet in height and the area enclosed not far from fifty It is known as the ‘Old Fort.” Another enclosure is upon the Scioto river about two miles north of Yellow Bud and crossed by the old Franklinton road. It con- sists of a single wall and ditch cutting off a high promon- tory, formed by the declivity of the table land and the bank of a wide and deep ravine. The banks are not far from one hundred feet in height, and in most places ab- solutely inaccessible. It has a single gateway opening towards a spring. The wall is four feet high, and the 18 ditch of corresponding depth. There are no mounds within this enclosure nor in its immediate vicinity. The enclosure was undoubtedly designed for defence. Mounds occur upon the farms of John Kirkindall, James Westen- haver and George Bartelmas. There is a tradition that an inscribed stone was found near the enclosure last de- scribed, but it does not have the credence of those who have made the mounds a study. In Scioto township, near what is known as ™ Mound riffle,” is a mound, now half washed away, upon the land of George Hall. Immediately above, on the farm of David Williams, upon a bluff bank, is what was once a vast cemetery. Many of the bones have been washed from their burial place by the high water. There is a tumulus upon the farm of V. I. Williams. In this town- ship, near the north line of the county and upon the right bank of the Scioto is an enclosure evidently for de- fensive purpose. It is only remarkable for possessing three’ lines of embankments, with the corresponding ditches. In Muhlenburgh township is one of the most perfect mounds to be found in the county. It is upon the level bottom of Darby creek, on the farm of Jesse Gulick. Another is to be seen upon the property of Milton M. Thomas, a mile and a half south of that first mentioned. Walnut township contains several ancient remains. Those at Ringold are the most noteworthy. A small circle is visible still, and three mounds, composed princi- pally of red stone, are near by. In Salt Creek there is a small mound of stone which may possibly have been formed by the Indians. It is near Adelphi, upon the farm of Mrs. Susannah Shoemaker, and upon one of the highest elevations in Pickaway county. ‘The mound itself is about thirty feet high. Near Tarlton, in the narrow valley of Salt oes isa remarkable specimen of the ancient remains in the form of a Greek cross. It occupies a narrow spur of land at a prominent point in the valley. It is ninety feet between the ends, and elevated about three feet above the adja- cent surface. It is surrounded bya slight ditch. In the center is a circular depression, twenty feet across and about as many inches deep. The sides of the cross cor- respond very nearly with the cardinal points. Immedi- ately back of it is a small circular elevation of stone and earth, denominated an altar. Several small mounds occur near by, and upon the high hill are several large ones. Mounds are quite numerous in this little valley and upon the hills bordering it, but it is not known to contain any enclosures. * One of the most notable of the ancient remains in Franklin county is a defensive fortification four and a half miles north of Worthington, on the left bank of Olentangy creek. The artificial defence consists of a wall, which is now about three feet in height, with an exterior ditch. The natural defence is a bluff of slate one hundred feet in height. This work was surveyed, many years ago, by Charles Whittlesey, esq. The same archeologist and antiquarian, in a contri- bution to the Smithsonian publications, (volume ITI), has a brief description, with an accompanying plate, of some * Squier and Davis. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ancient remains about three miles southwest of Columbus, on the Harrisburg turnpike. There were here plainly visible, a few years ago, two almost exact circular enclosures, one about eight hundred, and the other about five hundred feet in diameter. The walls were only slight elevations, and measuring from the bottom of the ditch (which in this case was exterior) to the top of the embankment, the distance was nowhere found to be more than three feet. No evidence was discovered that palings had ever crowned this low embankment. Mr. Joseph Sullivant, who, at his own expense, a num- ber of years ago, had surveys made of many works in Ohio, has drawings of an oblong enclosure on William Vining’s land, on the Olentangy, at a point where a small run comes in. A truncated mound is represented upon the southern embankment, and there is a small circular enclosure with an opening to the east, near by, and another with three openings, in a northwesterly direction from the large enclosure. None of the embankments were more than three feet high when the examination was made, and maps drawn, which Mr. Sullivant has in his possession. The purpose for which this enclosure was intended is not clearly revealed. Its location gives some indication that it might have been for defence, but the conformation of the embankment tends to controvert that theory. The walls were not of sufficient height to have formed a defence of any value, unless they had been surmounted by palings. A small work at the mouth of a run which empties into the Olentangy, above Worthington, shows a conform- ation which would indicate that it was for defensive purposes. It is simply a low embankment in the form of an arc of a circle, and running from the river bank to that of the creek. It is marked in the drawing as situ- ated upon the DeWolf lot. Mr. Sullivant, at an early day, observed many small and irregular elevations and enclosures about Franklin- ton, which have since, of course, been entirely obliter- ated. Parallel lines of embankment occurred in several places. The observations of the gentleman whom we have named have extended over a wide field and a long period, and his conclusions have, therefore, the weight of a most excellent authority. It is interresting to note that upon one important matter, at least, his investigations have led to the same discovery that another careful student—W. Marshall Anderson, of Circleville—has made. We refer to the evident location of the mounds along the river in such places as made signaling from one to another possible. Mr. Sullivant found small tumuli all along the Scioto, from Dublin southward, each of which commanded a view of the next immediately above or below, and that their location was so fixed intention- ally he has no doubt. These tumuli, which have usually been called signal mounds, or mounds of observation, are usually not of large size. There is a noticeable in- crease in their elevation and general dimensions the farther south they occur in the valley of the Scioto, as, in fact, there is in other valleys, and as has been hereto- fore stated, in the great valley of the Mississippi. eeeecene HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 19 We may add here that Mr. Sullivant believes that a race of men existed here anterior to the age of the Mound Builders, and he cites, as one evidence ofthis theory, shell heaps mingled with charcoal, which he has discovered under many feet of earth by the side of the river and laid bare by its washings. The shells are those of a mussel, but different from that which is at present found in our streams. : The more common classes of earthworks—the tumuli known as mounds of observation, and as sepulchral or commemorative mounds—~were, and are still, very numerous in Franklin county, though many have been obliterated by the plowshare or dug away by seekers after curiosities. They occur in greatest number along the Scioto, the Olentangy, and other streams, and many may still be seen in Washington, Norwich, Perry, Sharon, Clinton, Blendon, Mifflin, Montgomery, Franklin, Ham- ilton, and Jackson townships. They are, or were, most numerous in the vicinity of Columbus (giving evidence again that the centers of the old population were in the same vicinities as the present) and upon the east side of the river. There was a mound in Franklinton made of clay, and the brick of which the old court house, the first in the county, was constructed, were made of the clay which the ancient people had handled and reared into a memorial or monument. Another mound stood upon ground now covered by the penitentiary, and was demolished at an early day. , The location of one mound in Columbus, which was long since destroyed, is imperishably fixed by the naming of a street. The tumulus which stood where the court house now is, at the corner of Mound and High streets, was found to contain, when it was demolished, many human bones and some remains of rude art. There isan object of the latter class, taken from this mound, in pos- session of Joseph Sullivant, esq., which is quite unique. It is the figure of an owl, carved in stone, and is about seven and a half inches long and five inches in height. There is a funnel-shaped cavity in the back, communi- | cating with another, drilled at nearly a right angle, and it is conjectured that the figure may have been used as the bowl of ‘a pipe. The old State House was partly con- structed of bricks manufactured from the clay of this mound. The following lines called forth by the razing of this mound, published in one of the city papers at the time, well reflect the regrets that mdny felt when the in- teresting monument was demolished. They were written by Thomas Backus, of Columbus, and appeared over the signature of “ Fabius.” ‘‘Oh, Town ! consecrated before The white man’s foot ere trod our shore, To battle’s strife and valor’s grave, Spare ! oh spare, the buried brave. *- A thousand winters passed away, And yet demolished not the clay, Which on yon hillock held in trust, The quick of the warrior’s dust. ‘©The Indian came and went, He hunted through the lengthened plain ; And from the mound he oft beheld The present silent battle field. ‘But did the Indiau e’er presume, To violate that ancient tomb? Ah, no! he had the soldier grace Which spares the soldier's resting place. “Tt is alone for Christian hand To sever that sepulchral band, Which ever to the view is spread, To bind the living to the dead.” DEDUCTIONS AND SPECULATIONS. The reader, taking into consideration the general facts which have been presented in this chapter, will be able to deduce his own conclusions in regard to the probable number and nature of the ancient population. In regard to the numerical strength of the race, it is safe to conclude that it was great and widespread, and in customs, govern- ment and religion was homogeneous. But whether the Mound Builders were ever at one time spread over the entire country in which we find their works, or whether they migrated slowly from one part to another, seeking a more genial climate, or pressed by another and hostile people, we cannot know, nor does such questions effect the correctness of the conclusion above stated. The differences pointed out between the works in the northern, middle and southern divisions are not sufficient to indi- cate that they were the works of different nations. The features common to all are numerous and authorize the belief that they belong to one grand system. The im- mensity of many of the remains, and the great number of the smaller ones, point to the conclusion that the race was one of vast number. Caleb Atwater, in his contri- bution to the Archeologia Americanna, published in 1819, says : “The State of Ohio was probably once much more thickly settled than it now is, when it contains a popu- lation of about seven hundred thousand inhabitants”—a conclusion which has been assented to by nearly every student of western antiquities. Some parts of the State were doubtless uninhabited, but the dense population in the localities of Circleville, Chillicothe, along Paint creek, at the mouth of the Scioto, and in other places along the valleys of the Ohio and its tributaries, must have made the population.as large as that claimed by Mr. Atwater, and im the localities named above very ltkely as large or larger than it is at present. Beside the evidence afforded by the size of the works and their elaborate character, the immense number of human bones found in the earth all through Southern Ohio and along the valley of the Mis- sissippi attest the fact that there was a dense population resident for a long period. That this people were under a single and strong government seems highly probable, because under any other the performance of such an im- mense amount of labor could not have been secured. Very likely some sort of-servitude or vassalage prevailed.* It follows of necessity that if the Mound Builders were ‘a numerous people, they were also an agricultural people. The population was much too large to’ have been sus- tained by the spontaneous yieldings of the earth, by the products of the streams and lakes, or to live by the chase. They were not savages or barbarians, but attained to “Isaac Smucker. 20 that condition of life best described as semi-civilized. The general features of the works prove this. They had some military skill, as is shown by the construction of their fortresses, and some knowledge of mathematics or of something analagous to modern methods of surveying, as is evidenced by the regularity of the geometrically formed enclosures, many of which are absolutely perfect circles, squares or octagons, as the case may be, and uniform in size. They had, as has been shdwn, some skill in constructive art, and in the working of metals. Undoubtedly the ancient people had great regard for their religion, as is shown by the great number and size of those works which were incontestably constructed for religious observances. The sacrificial character of their religion is beyond doubt. Some of the wisest students of ancient remains have not hesitated to say that the Mound Builders worshipped the elements, also the sun, moon and stars, and that they offered up human sac- tifices to the gods whom they worshipped. This latter conclusion has been deduced from the fact that calcined human bones have been often found upon the altars un- earthed in various parts of the country. Incremation may, however, have been practiced, and the remains thus left have afforded grounds for the foregoing supposition. When and from whence came the Mound Builders, and when and whither did they go? ‘These are ques- tions to which there comes no answering voice. Only the smallest evidence, and that of the apochryphal kind, has been received that the ancient race had a written language. The two or three tablets that have been dis- covered, even if genuine, may have been only trophies that the Mound Builders secured from some other race, and which, perhaps, were handed down for ages as precious heirlooms. Were it possible to decipher them there is but little reason to believe that any knowledge of the origin of the people in whose works they were found could be gained. It is improbable that any discoveries will ever be made which will settle this mooted question. Those who do not argue that the Mound Builders were an aboriginal race, generally agree that they had their origin in the Orient, traveled eastward across Asia, finally crossed the Pacific Ocean or Behrings Straits, and then passing southward and eastward, increasing as they went, reached the middle region of the northern United States, and from thence, by slow process of migration, made their way southward through the Mississippi valley and ultimately into Mexico. The resemblances between the tumuli of the United States and the Tcocalli of Mexico suggest some connection between the people whom we know as the Mound Builders and the semi-civilized races that formerly dwelt in the latter country, in Central America and Peru, and who erected the vast structures which lend such an absorbing interest to those regions. Another theory is that the race, instead of journeying southward, improving constantly in condition and in- creasing largely in population, had their origin in Mexico, or some other part of tropical or semi-tropical South or North America, and migrated northward, gradually retro- grading in civilization until they reached the lake region and became so barbarian in their habits of life as to have HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. lost their early habits of industry, their civilized customs, and their government. This theory has but little sup- port, its opposite—previously stated—being, as has been heretofore said, the one which most archeologists have favored. Beside the fact that the similarity between the ancient works in the northern part of the United States, those along the Mississippi and those in Mexico, points to their creation by the same race, the history and traditions of the early Mexican people, which extend back to the sev- enth century, afford something of a corroboratory nature. The people of Montezuma, as that unhappy ruler informed Cortez, knew by their looks that they “were not natives, but strangers who came from a great distance.” Thus it will be seen, if the Mound Builders were the pro- genitors of the race to which Montezuma belonged, they must have arrived in Mexico prior to the close of the seventh century. The Aztecs are said by Mexican authorities to have arrived in the year 648. To that race they ascribe the Teocalli with which their country abounds. If we allow ourselves to be influenced by the above date, supposing, indeed, that the Aztecs were the descendents of the Mound Builders, we must necessarily regard the ancient remains of our country as belonging to a period prior to the date given. The same or a greater degree of antiquity is indicated by other evidence. The exceedingly decayed condition of the skeletons in the mounds, the amount of vegetable accumulation in the excavations, the age of trees standing upon embank- ments, the shifting of the river channels and the facts that none of the Mound Builders’ works stand upon the latest terraces or river bottoms or north of the northern- ~ most lake ridges, all lead to the conclusion that a great time has elapsed since the ancient race inhabited the country. Some of the trees are positively known to have an age of from six to eight hundred years, and they are surrounded by the mouldering trunks of others undoubt- edly of equal original size. Allowance must be made for a reasonable time for the encroachment of the forest after the works were abandoned by the builders, and then how great seems the antiquity of these remains when we reflect that they have been covered by at least the second full growth of forest. Speculating upon a people of a less remote age, we might exclaim with Halleck, ‘What tales if there be tongues in trees, These giant oaks could tell Of beings born and buried here !"’ But the hoary antiquity of the stateliest monarchs of the wood cannot carry us back to the time when the builders of the enduring earth monuments dwelt in our land. We can only know that a vast population filled our valleys and passed away ; that a nation existed and is gone, leaving no page of history to carry through the ages the story of its origin and destiny. All that the student desires to know, that for which he has anxiously but vainly sought, has been engulfed in the illimitable oblivion that holds so much more of the history of human life—how much we cannot tell. And here another thought arises HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND: PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 21 —the conception of a possibility so stupendous and awe- inspiring as to render the subject of our former specula- tion, large though it is and fraught with mysterious inter- est, dwarfed by the comparison. Vast as may have been the age that has elapsed since our land was the theater of this unknown race, it is but a brief period in the cycles of time that have swept by since the first day dawn of the world, and ancient as we are accustomed to regard the Mound Builders of America, they may have been only the last in a series of vanished races of men—the blood of the earth that has gone forth at every pulse beat of crea- tion, every heart throb of the Infinite. CHAPTER II. THE INDIANS. THE next race of men occupying our land after the disappearance of the immense semi-civilized population which reared the countless earth memorials of their ex- istence, was the savage Indian race, vastly weaker in numbers than their mysterious predecessors, and, unlike them, having less prominent habitations and subsisting chiefly upon the spontaneous yieldings of earth and stream, and following the chase for their simple food and other necessities. The history of the Indian tribes of the territory that now constitutes the State of Ohio, begins at about the middle of the eighteenth century. Knowledge concern- ing them before 1750 is meagre, and consists almost wholly of their vague traditions. Indian traders and explorers began, a little before the middle of the last century, to contribute some accurate information in re- gard to the tribes among whom they made their journeys, and Colonel Boquet’s expedition to the villages on the Tuscarawas and Muskingum rivers resulted in the attain- ment of the most definite and authentic knowledge that had, up to that time, been secured. The principal tribes were the Wyandots, called Hurons by the French, the Delawares and the Shawanoes or Shawnees, both of the Algonquin group, the Aiamis,.the AZingos, an offshoot from the /voguis or a fragment of the Sx WVations, and the Oftawas and Chippewas. The Wyandots occupied the country about the Sandusky river; the Delawares the valleys of the Zuscarawas and Muskingum; the JMJcamis the valleys of the Great and Little Miami; the AZingos were in greatest number on the Ohio river about Mingo bottom, below Steubenville, and also on the Scioto river; the O¢tawas had their headquarters in the valleys of the Mauméé and Sandusky; the CAppewas were confined principally to the south shore of Lake Erie, and the Shawnees, who are most properly the subject of this chapter, had their greatest strength in the valleys of the Scioto and Mad rivers. All of the different tribes, how- ever, frequented, more or less, lands lying outside of their regular divisions of territory. They commingled, more or less, with each other, and so it occurred that in the Scioto valley and elsewhere, at the period when the first definite knowledge of the Ohio Indians was obtained, numbers of them belonging to- the Wyandot, Delaware, Mingo, and Miami divisions were found. The Wyandots, or Hurons, according to the greatest weight of authority, were among the earliest red men who dwelt within the territory at present included in Ohio. Then came the Delawares, who claimed to be the elder branch of the Lennz-Lenape, and called themselves the grandfathers of the kindred tribes, but recognizing the superiority of the Wyandots. This division has been awarded a high rank by nearly all writers upon the In- dians. The Offawas lived originally upon the banks of the Canadian river which bears their name, remaining there until driven away by the Five ations. They were then scattered through Ohio and Canada along the shores of Lake Erie. The Ohio Indians, as a rule, were fine specimens of their race. None were more so than the Shawnees, Shawanese, Shawnoes or Shawanoese.* They were the only tribe among the Indians of the northwest who had a tradition of foreign origin,t and for some time after .the whites became acquainted with them held a yearly festival to celebrate the safe arrival in this country of their ancestors. There is considerable conflicting tes- timony in regard to them. It is generally conceded that they, at an early date, separated from the other Ze- nape tribes and established themselves in the southern States, through which part of the country they migrated and roamed from Florida to Kentucky. The main body of the tribe, encouraged by their friends, the Miamis is supposed to have crossed the Ohio and, pushing north- ward up the fertile and beautiful valley of the Scioto, made an extensive village and there remained until the war with the /ive Mations, when, with their allies, they were dispersed. After a period of nomadic life they formed a kind of an alliance with the Wyandots and again concentrated in the Scioto valley, consummating what was, undoubtedly, a long cherished plan. The na- tion was here again re-united by the arrival of that part of the tribe which, when dispersed by the Aive ations, had made forcible settlements on the head waters of the Carolina and in the Creek country. It is conjectured by some students that this southern party lived upon the Suwanee river, and that that well known name was de- rived from them, being a corruption of the tribe name. Tecumseh, whose name and fame add lustre to the annals of this tribe, is said to have been born of a Creek woman whom his father married during the southern migration. It was about the year 1750 that this nation became re- united in Ohio, and for forty years thereafter they were engaged in almost constant warfare against the whites. They were among the most active allies of the French, and after the conquest of Canada, continued, in concert with the De/awares, hostilities which were only termin- ated after the successful campaign of Colonel Boquet. The first permanent settlers in Ohio were annoyed and harrassed by the Shawnees until 1794. They took an *The name is variously spelled by different authors, that first given being most commonly used. tColonel John Johnston, Agent for Indian Affairs, 1819, ‘‘Archzeologia Ameri- canna.” an 22° HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. active part against the Americans in the war for Inde- pendence and in the Indian war which followed and which was terminated in 1795 by the treaty of Greenville. A part of them, under the leadership of Tecumseh, joined the British in the war of 1812. A title commonly applied to the Shawnees was “the Spartans of the race,” and their constancy in braving danger and enduring the consequences of defeat seems to have made them de- serving of the appellation. They have also been styled the “Bedouins of the American wilderness,” which, con- sidering their extensive and almost constant wanderings, is not inappropriate. The Skawmnees upon the Scioto had, in 1764, according _ to Colonel Boquet, five hundred warriors. Their prin- cipal villages were “Old Chillicothe,” ‘“Cornstalk’s Town ” and “ Grenadier Squaw Town,” and a number of others, all of which, situated upén or near the vicinity of the “‘ Pickaway Plains,” we shall have eccasion to speak of more fully in the succeeding chapter. There was an- other town called Chillicothe upon the north fork of Paint creek, in Ross county, the present site of Frank- fort. At these villages, of which “ Old Chillicothe” was the principal one and the residence of Logan, the Shaz- nees were congregated in considerable force. The love- liness of the surroundings, the fertility of the plains and of the bottoms upon which they raised corn, and the strong ties of association and of tradition, all made this spot a desirable one, and it is not strange that the red men contended to the last for this their place of residence, in which were combined so many favorable conditions. The interest which attaches to a section of country embracing these old Indian towns is not exceeded by that of any locality in the State. It is emphatically “the classic ground of Ohio.” Lying in what may appropri- ately be called the garden of the State, embracing lands which, when the first white settlers came into the country, produced a hundred bushels of corn or fifty bushels of wheat to the acre, blooming and beautiful with nature’s most mild and tranquil expression, a benizon seems to have been breathed upon it by the great Author. As it lies to-day, in summer, covered with the russet yellow of ripening grains, its broad expanse bathed in sunshine, an undulating, shimmering, golden sea, in which, like great green islands, fields of waving corn appear, there is cer- tainly nothing to suggest the turmoils of savage war or the wild scenes that have been enacted here. Yet its present people are of the third race of men who have dwelt here, and they plow from their fields the relics left by their predecessors, the ancient, pre-historic people, and the red men. Here burned the council fire of the Indian, at which the affairs of the nation were discussed and peace or war decided upon. On these plains, at the old Indian villages, prisoners of war were put to death by horrible processes of torture. It was here that the tribes of Indians marched forth, fierce in their war paint, to meet General Lewis; it was here that Logan made his famous speech, full of burning eloquence, and here that the campaign of Lord Dunmore was brought to a close by the truce at Camp Charlotte. It has been commonly remarked that it was at Grena- dier Squaw-town that Slover underwent the terrible ordeal of apprehending his death torture, and made his famous escape. An investigation, in which, among other author- ities, Slover’s own thrilling but simple account of his cap- ture and escape, has been consulted, shows no ground on which this supposition can be reasonably based, but that terrible tortures were here inflicted upon others there is not the slightest reason to doubt. There are traditions that the Indians have practiced the horrible custom of burning at the stake their prisoners of war, and elevated situations in the vicinity of Grena- dier Squaw-town, Old Chillicothe, and Cornstalks-town, are pointed out as the probable scenes of the savage, inhuman orgies. The Black Mountain, a ridge-shaped hill, near the sites of the old Indian villages, was used as a look-out. It is about eighty or one hundred feet in height, and from its summit a clear view could have been had over a large extent of country. No foe could approach in the day time without being seen at a great distance. There were, and are now, but few trees upon the lands called Pickaway plains, and as the Indians were accustomed to burn over the ground and thus destroy the tall, thick grass, the advantage afforded by the lookout was greater than, upon first consideration, it might appear. The Shawnees were divided into four tribes, the Pigua, Kiskapocke, Mequachuke and Chillicothe. According to a poetical Indian legend, the Prgua tribe had its origin in a man who sprang from the fire and ashes. As their old men used to tell the whites who first came in contact with them, the chief warriors and wise men were once sitting around the smouldering embers of what had been a council fire, when they were startled by a great puffing of fire and smoke, and from the ashes and coals there sprang into being a man of splendid form and mein, the original of the tribe of Pigva—named Piqua as sig- nifiying the man born of ashes.* This legend of the origin of the tribe of Pigua, truly beautiful in its sim- plicity, has been commented upon by leading writers upon the red race, as showing, ina marked degree, their capabilities for imaginative inventiveness, and as a proof of their romantic susceptibility. Mequachuke signifies a fat man filled—a man made perfect, so that nothing is wanting. ‘This tribe had the priesthood. Its leaders were endowed with the privilege of celebrating the religious rites of the nation. The KAiskapocke tribe was inclined to war, and its braves were among the most fierce and crafty of the Indian tribes of the Northwest. The celebrated prophet Elsquataway, and Tecumseh his brother, were members of this tribe. Chillicothe is not known to have been interpreted save as meaning a dwelling place. t ; Famous among the members of the Shazze division who lived at the Pickaway towns was Cornstalk and his sister, the Grenadier squaw, who, like him, was of large “Pickaway is a corruption of the Indian name Piqua, and was first applied to the plains now having that appellation, and afterwards to the county. + The information in regard to tribal divisions of the Shawnves is derived from a letter of John Johnston, Agent for Indian Affairs, written from Piqua in 1819, and published in-the ‘‘Archzlogia Americanna.” HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND stature and of unusual mental development. Cornstalk was great in war but foremost in making peace, and his character was one which showed much true nobility. His eloquence was remarkable; and his influence over his tribe wonderful. If he led in battle, his voice, sound- ing from the front, “Be strong, be strong,” incited the warriors to their utmost efforts, and if he counseled peace, his words were equally potent. When he made the peace speech before Lord Dunmore, Col. Wilson, one of the staff, was deeply impressed. He said after- wards, “I have heard many celebrated orators, but never one whose powers of delivery surpassed those of Corn- stalk on this occasion.” Cornstalk was the leading chieftain of the Scioto Shaw- nees, “a man whose energy, courage, and good sense placed him among the very foremost of the native heroes of this land. This truly great man, who was himself for peace, but who found all his neighbors and men there, of his own tribe, stirred up to war by the agents of England, went over to the American fort at Point Pleasant, at the mouth of the Great Kanawha, to talk the matter over with Captain Arbuckle, who was in command there and with whom he was acquainted. This was in the early summer of 1777, and the Americans, knowing that the Shawmees were inclining to the enemy, thought it would be a good plan to detain Cornstalk and a younger chief, Red Hawk, who was with him, and make them hostages. The old chief finding himself entrapped, calmly awaited the result. Ellinipsco, the son of Cornstalk, who came the next morning to see his father, was also detained. Toward night, one of the white hunters having been shot by an unknown Indian, the soldiers raised a cry, “ Kill the red dogs in the fort,” and immediately carried their bloody thought into execution, the commander endeavor- ing, though almost unheeded, to dissuade them from their purpose. Cornstalk fell pierced by seven musket balls, and his son and Red Hawk met the ‘same fate. Cornstalk saw his assassinators coming and met them at the door of the hut in which he was confined, his arms folded upon his massive chest, and his whole mien ex- pressing a magnificent stoicism. This was by no means the only shameful ‘act of treachery on the part of the whites. The murder very naturally aroused an intense feeling of hatred for the whites throughout the Shawmee division, and was the cause of much future bloodshed. Cornplanter was another chief noted for courage in battle, and for the burning eloquence he displayed in several speeches, made on different occasions, in council and treaty. Logan was a Mingo, or Mohican, son of Shikellimus, or Shikellamy, a celebrated chief of the Cuyagas, who lived on the Sesquehanna. His real name was Tah-gah- jute, and he was named in English after James Logan, secretary of Pennsylvania, of whom his father was a per- sonal friend. Logan removed to Ohio about 1770, hav- ing been driven from his home in Pennsylvania, and took up his residence with some of his followers, in the Shaw- nee country, where we find him in 1774, at the time of the Lord Dunmore war. The Indians in the territory of what is now Franklin PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 23 county were, at the time the whites came among them, mostly Wyandots, though there was a sprinkling of other tribes. On the site of Columbus they had a large village, and they cultivated extensively the plains upon the opposite side of the river, raising corn, and, at times, though in small quantity, other crops. Jeremiah Armstrong, for many years a resident of Columbus, was captured, when a boy, by some Indians of this tribe, and brought from his home in Pennsylvania, nearly opposite Blannerhasset’s island, to Ohio, accompanying his captors in their wan- derings through tlie State, and becoming familiar with their mode of life. He was adopted into the Deer tribe, and his brother into that of the Zwrtle. The Indians | encamped upon the site of Franklinton, below the mill- dam, where there was a deep hole called Billy’s hole, from Billy Wyandot. He witnessed a war dance upon the ground where the penitentiary now stands. Arm- strong was at the battle of the Maumee, and it was there that his friend and adopter, the Indian who saved his life when his mother, two sisters and a brother were mas- sacred, was killed by one of Wayne’s soldiers. After this battle a party of the Indians, with whom was Armstrong, returned to Franklinton. Armstrong, who when captured in the spring of 1794 was nine years of age, was released by the Indians to a brother, who went after him to De- troit about two years later. He went to Franklinton, where he grew up, and, in 1813, purchased a lot on High street, where he afterward kept hotel. Robert Armstrong, also of Pennsylvania, when a boy was taken prisoner upon the Allegheny river by a party of Wyandots and Senecas, who killed his employer. He was brought to the Indian town on the site of what was aftewards Franklinton, and lived, married and died among the red men. He was occasionally an interpreter for the United States. John Brickell, who became a resident where Columbus now is, in 1797, one of the first three or four settlers, was taken from his home on the Youghiogeny river in Feb- ruary, 1791, and remained with his captors (Delawares) for about four years, during which time he traveled over and became familiar with the country which is now in- cluded in the limits of Franklin county. Mr. Brickell died in Columbus in 1844. The Wyandots, who had principal possession of the northern part of the Scioto valley, and, as has been al- ready stated, of the lands now included in Franklin county, were a superior tribe of red men. General Harrison says of the Wyandot: ‘“‘ He was trained to die for the interest or honor of his tribe, and to consider submission to an enemy the lowest degradation.” The highest type of the tribe was undoubtedly Tahre, or the Crane, their great sachem. Historians very generally have held him up as an example of high moral character and good intellectual ability. There is one particularly painful incident in the later history of Indian affairs in this region—the cruel execu- tion of an old Wyandot chief, Leatherlips, on the charge of witchcraft. We find an account in Drake’s Life of Tecumseh. There has been a great variety of opinions 24 as to who was responsible for the old man’s murder, though General Harrison and a correspondent of Mr. Heckewelder’s, quoted in his History of the Indian Na- tions, writes in the supposition that the order came directly from Tecumseh and his brother, the prophet. Tahre, the Crane, and Roundhead, a leading chief, are each claimed by different authorities to have led the party that executed the order for the old chief’s assassin- ation. It is supposed that the party went directly from Tippecanoe to the Scioto, where Leatherlips was found encamped, about fourteen miles north of Columbus. A council was held for two or three hours, the accusing IVyandots, six in number, speaking with a great deal of passion and bitterness, and Leatherlips answering as calmly as if the question to be decided was not of his life or death, but one of very slight importance. The sentence of death, which had been pronounced with the accusation, was re-affirmed and Leatherlips was com- manded to make ready for death. Some whites, who were present, made an effort to dissuade the Wyandots from their purpose of putting the accused to death, but the pleas for his life were unavailing. The prisoner “walked slowly to his camp, partook of a dinner of jerked venison, washed and arrayed himself in his best apparel and afterwards painted his face. His dress was very rich, his hair gray and his whole appearance graceful and com- manding.” _ When the time set for the execution had ar- rived Leatherlips shook hands in silence with all of the spectators, and then turning from his wigwam moved slowly away, chanting, in a voice of great strength and most pleasing melody, his death song. He was followed closely by the warriors who were to be his executioners, all keeping time in their march to the measure of his wild and melancholy dirge. ‘The white men came last in the strange procession. All was silence, save the sound of the mournful music of the condemned man’s song. After going a distance of less than a hundred yards, and halt- ing, the white men were surprised to find themselves by the side of a newly-made, shallow grave, which had been dug without their knowledge, and probably before the executioners had made their presence known to him who was to be their victim. By the brink of this grave the old man knelt down, and in solemn tone of voice, suf- ficiently strong to be heard by all the bystanders, ad- dressed his last prayer to the Great Spirit. When he had finished, the leader of the Indian band knelt beside Leatherlips and prayed ina similar manner. Both spoke in the Wyandot tongue. ‘The prisoner arose and after a few moments delay again sank upon his knees and prayed in the same manner as before. He still continued in a kneeling posture, when he had ceased speaking. As all the rifles had been left behind, at Leatherlips’ wigwam, the men whose curiosity had led them to remain and witness the tragedy which they could not prevent, were at a loss to know how the murderers would accomplish their purpose. After the conclusion of the last prayer all had been silence. Neither the prisoner nor any of the In- dians had changed their position in the slightest degree. Suddenly the painful stillness was broken by the sound of a movement and one of the Indians stepped forward, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. drawing from the folds of his garment a keen, glittering tomahawk. He walked directly up behind the kneeling chief, raised the weapon high over his head, paused a moment, and then, with his whole strength, sunk it in the skull of his victim. Leatherliqs fell prostrate upon the ground, and after he had lain for a time in the agonies of death the captain of the executioners directed the atten- of the white men to the drops of sweat which were gath- ering upon his neck and face, and remarked with exulta- tion that it was proof of the dying chief’s guilt. After a few minutes’ delay, the same Indian who had before struck, inflicted two or three more heavy blows. Life was soon entirely extinct. The body, with its apparel and decorations, was hastily buried, and the assemblage dispersed. Leatherlips was a peaceable and harmless old Indian. A rude pile of stone for many years marked his grave, on the Kosciusco lands, near the northern county line. During the years of the early settlement along the Scioto, the Indians were in the custom of roaming through the county, and some of them lived among or in close proximity to the whites. As late as 1813 the Indian boundary was only fifty miles from Franklinton, and the inhabitants of that village and of the other set- tlements in this part of the State were in a state of fever- ish anxiety, and there was a constant dread that the Indians would begin hostilities, and that their families would be massacred and their houses burned. There was a great feeling of relief, therefore, when on June 21st of that year the Indians, at a council held in Franklinton, solemnly agreed to remain at peace, thus satisfying the spirit of all former treaties.* An eloquent descriptiont of this council has been pre- pared, and as the event forms a pleasant scene which practically concludes the Indian history of this part of the State, we cannot do better than to present it to the reader. The council was held on the grounds of Lucius Sulli- vant. The memorial continues: “The Delaware, Shawnee, Wyandot, and Seneca tribes were rep- resented by about fifty warriors. General Harrison represented the government, and with him were his staff and a brilliant array of officers in full uniform. Behind them was a detachment of soldiers. In his front were the Indians. .\round all were the inhabitants of this region, far and near. “The object was to induce these tribes, who had heretofore remained neutral in the war, to take an active part in the ensuing campaign for the United States, or at least give a guarantee of their peaceful in- tention by remaining with their families within the settlements. ‘The general began to speak in calm and measured tones, befitting the grave occasion, but an undefined oppression seemed to hold all in suspense, as with silent and almost breathless attention they awaited the result of the general's words. These seemed to fall on dull ears, as the Indians sat with unmoved countenances, and smoked on in stolid silence. At length the persuasive voice of the great commander struck a responsive chord, and Tahre, or the Crane, the great Wyandot chief, slowly rose to his feet. Standing for a moment, in a graceful and com- manding attitude, he made a brief reply. When he, with. others, passed forward to grasp the hand of Harrison, in token not only of amity, but in agreement to stand as a barrier on our exposed frontier, a terrible doubt and apprehension were lifted from the hearts of all. *The title to every foot of Ohio soil was perfected by honorable treaty with the Indians, and their claims properly compensated and extinguished, +The Sullivant Memorial, by Joseph Sullivant, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO, Jubilant shouts rent the air, women wept for joy, and stalwart men thrilled with pleasure as they thought of the assured safety of their wives and children, from a cruel and stealthy foe. They prepared at once, with alacrity, to go forth to the impending battles.” The Indians were faithful to this agreement, and the country was spared a re-enactment of the bloody scenes of her earlier history. CHAPTER III. THE STORY OF LOGAN---LORD DUNMORE'S INVASION. It is re- The map represents a section of country about seven miles square. duced from one made many years ago for Felix Renick, by P. N. White, and is substantially correct. The famous Pickaway plains appear at the left. A represents the plan of the ancient earthworks, on which Circleville now stands, - and from which its name is derived. B is the cabin of Logan, at Old Chillicothe (now Westfall). C is the Black Mountain, a ridge of dark-colored, gravelly earth, which it is supposed the Indians used as a coigne of vantage from which they could obtain a view of the surrounding country, watch the movements of the buffalo and-deer, and discover the approach of an enemy. D is the Council House at Grenadier Squawtown. E the point where Lord Dunmore met with and stopped the army of General Lewis when he was marching to attack the Indian towns. F is the site of Camp Lewis. The dotted Ine from Old Chillicothe to Camp Lewis represents an old and much used Indian trail, and the line extending southerly from the site of Circleville shows the present Chillicothe road. The site of Camp Charlotte is upon the old Winship farm, in the southwest quarter of section twelve—the land now owned by Mrs. Martha Jacobs and Jacob Lud- wig. The site of Camp Lewis is in the southeast quarter of section thirty. John Boggs was the original, and Daniel Lodwick the present, owner of the land where Cornstalk’s town was located, and Jacob Hitler is the owner of the site of Grenadier Squawtown. The name of Logan is inseparably connected with the history of Lord Dunmore’s campaign in 1774. The hos- tilities which took place in that year were brought about, principally, by the wanton and cruel butchery of the great chief’s kindred—one of the most shameful and inhuman acts of the whites toward the Indians that blot the pages of our early history. It will be our endeavor, in this chapter, to present to the reader a succicnt account, in proper chronological order, of the circumstances which transformed the peace- loving Logan—the warm friend of the whites—into the murderous demon. Logan, their bitter enemy. 4 -nursed wrath of the whites. 25 Let it be remembered that Logan was, according to the best authorities (those pioneers of Western Pennsyl- vania and Virginia who were acquainted with him), a savage of noble nature, strong but sensitive, full of dig- nity and pride, generous and just, brave and true. No act of perfidy on his part gave excuse for the white man’s atrocities. Judge William Brown, of Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, said of the noble-hearted Logan: “He was the best specimen of humanity I ever met with, either white or red.”* When the atrocities of the whites were perpetrated, his great soul underwent a collosal revulsion, and he became as terrible in his violent enmity as he had been admirable in his fervent friendship, and after the tempest of his passion had been spent—his “vengeance glutted”—he relapsed into that bitter, gloomy misan- thropy that is too apt to be the lot of all strong and good natures, either civilized or savage, that are blasted by a giant evil or wrong. Logan, upon coming into Ohio, in 1772, located at a Mingo village on the Ohio river, at the mouth of Indian Cross creek, which—such was his prominence and popu- larity among his people—was named after him before he had ‘long been a resident. In the spring of 1773 Dr. John Connolly, determining to assert the claims of Virginia to the country about Pittsburgh, proclaimed the jurisdiction of Virginia, rebuilt Fort Pitt, named it after Lord Dunmore, the royal gov- ernor of Virginia, made himself the commandant, and almost immediately commenced the exercise of tyranny toward all who were in the interests of Pennsylvania, and it was alleged, endeavored in various ways to involve the frontier in an Indian war, having, as has been sug- gested, a motive in so doing. It is a matter of history that he wrote letters to the Virginian exploring: parties along the Ohio, which assisted materially to precipitate hostilities. The Indians had been accused of thefts from the encampments and settlements of the Virginians, and as Connolly’s letters constantly suggested that the Shawnees were not to be trusted, and that the people should be ready to retrieve any losses or revenge any wrongs they might sustain, they were put in- such spirit that only a trifling wrong act on the part of the Indians was necessary to bring down upon them the artfully On the sixteenth of April a canoe owned by a Pittsburgh trader was attacked upon the Ohio river by the Cherokee Indians, and one white man was killed. The alarm spread, and a party of Virginians, led by Michael Cresap, went down the river to revenge the murder of the trader. While the party were at Wheeling letters were received from Connolly asking the men to remain there and await further developments, and telling them that war was imminent. War was form- ally declared, and the same evening some of the scouts who had been sent out to scour the country brought in two scalps, probably those of friendly Indians. The next day a skirmish occurred with a small party of In- dians, and the same evening it was resolved to march the next day against Loganstown. The men started on the * Sherman Day’s ‘‘ Historical Collections of Pennsylvania.” 26 expedition, but they gave up their purpose after a march of five miles, and returned to their camping place. Sometime afterward, probably on the thirtieth of April, Captain Daniel Greathouse went up the river to the mouth of Yellow creek, and there, accompanied by circum- stances of great perfidy and atrocity, murdered ten Indians, some of whom were the kindred ot Logan. The act was the more dastardly because committed against men, women and children known to cherish no hostile feeling toward the whites. The Indians, encamped on the Ohio side of the river, crossed over to where the Virginians were stationed, and there, by the direction of Greathouse, rum was given them and three of them became drunk. Two men and one woman, who refused to drink, were shot down. This was done by a few of the party, the greater part protesting against the commission of the act. ‘The intoxicated In- dians were killed by tomahawking. A child was spared through some lingering idea of humanity. The Indians, hearing the gun-shots, sent two of their number in a canoe to ascertain the cause. They were both shot as soon as they landed upon the bank. Another, and a larger, party followed, and were nearly all killed. Those who escaped exchanged shots across the river with the murderous whites, but not one of the latter was wounded. The In- dians who were killed were all scalped. ‘The survivors escaped down the river. A short time before this massa- cre Logan, in an Indian council, had strongly urged peace. Cornstalk had sent his own brother, only a little time previous, to escort and guard Pittsburgh traders in their journeys. Logan’s advice had been regarded and the hatchet buried, when the news of the Yellow creek massacre was received. Six or eight weeks intervened between the time-of the Yellow creek outrage and the avenging stroke. The Shawmees and Senecas endeavored to secure the assistance of the Delawares, but were un- successful. It is probable, however, that many of the young braves of this tribe took to the war path. Before the middle of July the Shawnees and the AZingos, with some Cherokees and a few Delawares, were in the field. Logan, burning with hatred toward the people who had murdered his women and other kindred, was anxious to strike the blow of vengeance where it would produce the greatest consternation. With a small band of chosen braves, he made his way to the head waters of the Monon- gahela, where twelve or thirteen scalps were taken, and several persons made prisoners. ‘The Indians eluded pursuit, and mde a safe return. ‘I'he captives were taken to a village on the Muskingum. Among them was Wil- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND liam Robinson, with whom Logan was on terms of friend-| ship on the journey, and whose life he saved when the other Indians were about to burn him at the stake. Rob- inson was taken to the wigwam of the famous chief and adopted as his brother in the place of one killed at Yellow creek, On the twenty-first of July—testified Robinson— Logan brought to him a piece of paper and requested him to write a letter, which he did, with ink prepared from gunpowder. Logan dictated as follows : CAPTAIN CRESAP:—What did you kill my people on Yellow creek for? The white people killed my kin at Conestoga, a great while PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ago, and I thought nothing of that. But you killed my kin again, on Yellow creek, and took my cousin prisoner. Then I thought I must kill too, and I have been three times to war since ; but the Indians are not angry, only myself.* CAPTAIN JOHN LOGAN. The Virginians, after Logan’s bold dash into Pennsyl- vania, tharshalled under the command of Colonel Mc- Donald and marched upon several Indian villages, which they destroyed. This foray only added to the general ir- ritation, and in August, Lord Dunmore, who was undoubt- edly, from all accounts, anxious to gain military renown, resolved to carry the war into the enemy’s country. Three companies were raised west of the Blue ridge under the command of General Andrew Lewis, and an equal force was mustered from the interior, to be commanded by the governor himself. The total number of men was about twenty-five hundred. The two armies were to meet at the mouth of the Great Kenhawa and, under the leader-. ship of Dunmore, proceed against the Indian towns of Ohio. It was subsequently decided to move directly upon the Scioto river towns and there to form a junction of the armiies. : On the tenth of October, General Lewis started with his men for the Scioto, but was suddenly and unexpect- edly attacked by about a thousand Indians of the allied tribes, —Shawmees, Mingos (or Senecas), with members of the Delawares, Wyandots and other divisions, who, under the command of the celebrated Cornstalk, had marched from the Pickaway plains to meet his army before it could effect a union with the other wing. The fight that en- sued, known as the battle of Point Pleasant, has been generally characterized by historians as ‘‘one of the most sanguinary and best fought battles in the annals of Indian warfare in the west.” Colonel Charles Lewis, brother of the general, and Colonel Fleming were both killed, and the line, at first, was forced back by the savage onslaught of the red warriors. It was afterwards reinforced and the Indians, in turn, retreated. The battle raged from early morn until past noon, unabated, and a scattered fire con- tinued until sunset. ‘The Indians had secured a rise of ground about the middle of the day, and they took almost constant advantage, according to their established rule of warfare, of the protection afforded by trees and logs. A part of the time, however, the “lines were not more than twenty yards apart and often within six yards, and some- times closer, tomahawking one another.” t Tradition says that Logan, Ellenipsco, Red Hawk, Cornstalk, and other noted chie‘s, were in the foremost of the fight, encouraging the warriors both by word and example. Cornstalk’s voice was heard high above the din of the conflict, calling to his men “Be strong! be strong!” He is said to have tomahawked one of his own tribe who showed signs of cowardice. Seventy-five officers and men of Lewis’s army were killed and one hundred and forty wounded. ‘The loss on the part of the Indians, who retreated in the night, was probably about the same. * Logan was misinformed in regard to the author of the Yellow Creek outrage. It was very natural that, knowing Cresap to be commander of the expedition, he should hold him accountable for the murder. ; + Letter from a Virginia soldier, November 4, 1774. ae HISTORY: OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. After the battle, General Lewis’ command, being re- inforced by the addition of three hundred men, under command of Colonel William Crawford, marched eighty miles through the wilderness to the Indian towns of the Scioto. In the meantime Lord Dunmore and his army, which had been at the mouth of the Hockhocking when Lewis fought the battle of Point Pleasant, ascended the river to the present town of Logan, Hocking county, from whence he marched westward to Scippo creek, about seven miles southeast of Circleville. Near this place Lord Dunmore was met by a white man named Elliott, who bore a flag of truce and was commissioned with a message of submission from the Shawnee chiefs. It was requested by the Indians that an interpreter should be sent to their town, with whom they could make arrangements for the establishment of peace, Their request was granted by Lord Dunmore, and he ordered the encampment of his force at a spot of ground in the southwest quarter of section twelve, township ten, range twenty-one. It was named Camp Charlotte. Lord Dunmore then sent out a messenger to intercept General Lewis’ army. General Lewis and his hardy, adventur- ous, brave men, were eager for another encounter with the Indians, and pushed onward in pursuit of them until they reached the banks of the Congo, in Pickaway town- ship, October 24th. Here, within striking distance of the Indian towns, Camp Lewis was laid out. Lewis, who was smarting under the loss of his brave brother, and his men, who thirsted to revenge the many border murders, were dissatisfied with Lord Dunmore’s negotiations for peace, and it was with the utmost difficulty that they could be prevented from pressing forward and destroying the villages that lay before them. The dissatisfaction led almost to a mutiny, or rebellion, in the army. Lord Dunmore went in person to enforce his order, and as General Lewis showed an intention to disobey him, he drew his sword and threatened to kill him if he further refused to obey orders. Thus was another scene of bloodshed averted. Lord Dunmore, it is said, was anxious to bring the hostilities to a close, that he might return to Virginia, where already the muttering thunders of the coming storm of 1776 were beginning to be heard. The soldiers of Lewis’ army accused the governor of attempting to force an alliance with the Indians whereby they should assist Great Britain against the colonies in the event of revolution. It is by no means a certainty, though it is a possibility, that he had such a design. While the events we have mentioned were taking place among the whites, there was history being made upon the other side of the river, in the Indian towns. The almost universal voice was for peace. When Cornstalk returned from the battle of Point Pleasant he called a council of the nation to consult as to what should be done, and expressed his displeasure that he had not been permitted to make peace, as it is said he desired to do on the eve of battle. ‘‘ What,” said he, ‘‘will you do now? The Big Knife is coming on us and we shall all be killed. Now you must fight, or we are undone.” He was silent then a little time, and no one answering, he said: “Then let us go and kill all our women and children and fight ‘ 27 till we die.” Still there was no response, and at length, springing from the ground, the great chief struck his tomahawk into a post and exclaimed: ‘“T’'ll go and make peace.” To this there was a general assent. Cornstalk and all of the principal chiefs of the allied tribes, except Logan, were present at the council held at Camp Char- lotte, and readily assented to the terms of peace pro- posed. So apprehensive was Dunmore of treachery that he would admit only a few Indians at a time, even within the outer line of his camp, and they were compelled to leave their arms under a guard. The greatest of the chiefs were first admitted to the presence of the royal governor, and afterward many others were allowed in the camp. According to the account of the celebrated pioneer, Simon Kenton, who was present at the treaty of truce, the Indians came from their villages to the camp five hundred strong, most of them riding ponies in single file, and making a most. striking and magnificent appearance. The faces of the warriors were painted one-half black, and one-half red, signifying that they were about equally di- vided in their minds between peace and war ; that they were indifferent as to the result of the treaty. This, how- ever, was an act of bravado. They were really very anxious to have peace established.* In regard to the result of the treaty, the best authority is a letter from Colonel William Crawford to George Washington.t It reads as follows: “STEWART'S CROSSING, Nov. 14, 1774. 40 yesterday returned from our late expedition against the Shawnese, and I think we may, with propriety, say we have had great success, as we have made them sensible of their villainy and weakness, and I hope made peace with them on such a footing as will be lasting, if we make them adhere to the terms of the agreement, which are as follows: ‘First, they have to give up all the prisoners ever taken by them in war with the white people; also negroes and all of the horses stolen or taken by them since the last war. And further, no Indian for the future is to hunt on the east side of the Ohio, nor any white man on the west side; as that seems to have been the cause of some of the disturbance between our people and them. Asa guarantee that they will perform their part of the agreement, they have given up four chief men, to be kept as host- ages, who are to be relieved yearly or as they may choose.’{ The Shawnese have complied with the terms, but the .}Zéngoes did not like the conditions and had a mind to deceive us, But Lord Dunmore dis- covered their intentions, which were to slip off while we were settling matters with the Shazwnese. The ./ingoes intended to go to the lakes and take their prisoners with them and the horses which they had stolen. * * * * * The Mingoes were not a party to the treaty, their chief, Logan, scorning to appear at the council. This tribe had, in 1774, three villages within the present limits of Franklin county-—one on the high bank near the Morrill house, a mile and a half below Columbus, one near the present location of the Harrisburgh bridge, on the west side of the river, and the third near where the peniten- tiary now stands. * Simon Kenton is quoted by Joseph Sullivant, esq., in an address delivered before the Franklin County Pioneer Association, 1871. Mr. Sullivant had this from his own lips. Not one of the many written accounts of the Dunmore war, or invasion, even allude to this interesting feature. + Letters of Washington and Crawford, Concerning Western Lands; edited by C. W. Butterfield. t The note in the volume of correspondence says: ‘‘ Nowhere else, it is believed, are the terms of the agreement between Lord Dunmore and the Shazenese to be found—at least so full as the above.” 28 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Lord Dunmore, angered at the Mingoes because they would not assent to any terms of peace, resolved to punish them, and ordered the destruction of these towns. Colonel Crawford briefly tells the story of the expedition against the Mzmgoes in the continuance of the letter of which we have already given the first part: * * * * «Lord Dunmore ordered myself and two hundred and forty men to set out in the night; we were to march to a town about forty miles distant from our camp, up the Scioto, where we understood the whole of the .1/éxgves were to rendezvous the next day in order to pursue their journey. This intelligence came by John Montour, son of Captain Montour, whom you formerly knew. Because of the number of Indians in our camp we went out of it un- der pretense of going to Hockhocking for more provisions. Few knew of our setting off anyhow, and none knew where we were going to until the next day. Our march was performed with as much speed as pos- sible. We arrived at a town called the Salt-lick town* the ensuing night, and at daybreak we got around it with one-half our force, and the remainder were sent to a small village half 2 mile distant. Un- fortunately one of our'men was discovéred by an Indian who lay, out from the town some distance, by a log which the man was creeping up to. This obliged the man to kill the Indian. This happened before daylight, which did us much damage, as the chief part of the Indians made their escape in the dark; but we got fourteen prisoners, and killed six of the enemy, wounding several more. We got all of their baggage and horses, ten of their guns, and two hundred white prisoners. The plunder sold for four hundred pounds sterling, besides what was re- turned to a Afohawh Indian who was there. The whole of the AZégoes were ready to start, and were to have set out the morning we attacked them.+ Lord Dunmore has eleven prisoners, and has returned the rest to the nation. The residue are to be returned upon his lordship's demand.” * * * * * * * a * \ When this town was attacked one very cruel deed was committed, of which there is no mention in the letters of Colonel Crawford, or in any cotemporary correspondence. Mr. Sullivant says in his address, upon the authority of Jonathan Alder, a white man whom he well knew, and who had been in captivity among the Indians, that a squaw with a young child fled down the river bank and across the bed of the stream toa wooded island. There was a rattling dis- charge of muskets, and the Indian woman fell dead, killed by one of the shower of bullets, just as she reached the bank. The child, described as about three years of age, unhurt, fled like a wild creature, up the bank and disap- peared in the bushes. ‘Two days after it was found alive in a hollow sycamore tree, which for many years remained standing, and was one of the objects of traditional interest to the early pioneers. We now resume the story of Logan. Lord Dunmore had been very anxious to have the proud and disconsolate Mingo present at the council, even if he was unwilling to approve of the treaty, and, to accom- plish this end, he had sent Colonel John Gibson to see Logan and prevail upon him to attend, or give his reasons for not attending. The messenger found Logan at Old Chillicothe (now Westfall), where he spent most of his time. He, who had scorned to attend the council, at first seemed in sullen mood, and refused to converse with Colonel Gibson. He at length, however, became in bet- ter humor, and under the persuasive influence of fire- *This village sometimes called Seekonk or Seekunk, a corrupnion of A’scek-he- ooug, “‘a place of salt.” tThe destruction of the Salt-lick town, by Crawford, was the only actual fighting done by that portion of the army which was under the command of Dun- | more in person. water and skillful handling, was moved to give Gibson an interview. He went out of the wigwam where he and Gibson had been, and beckoning the latter to follow, “he went into a solitary thicket near by, where, setting down on a log, he burst into tears, and uttered some sentences of impassioned eloquence, charging the murder of his kindred upon Captain Cresap.” Then and there was composed and delivered the simple speech, full of burn- ing eloquence, which was published in the great journals of the old world, translated into half a dozen different languages, and which has been made familiar in all the succeeding-generations of this country by its introduction into the school books and wide circulation in the literary magazines and papers of the land. Here we have the strange occurrence of an utterance from the mouth of a savage in the western wilderness, which has become a classic, the admiration of all civilization, a model expres- sion of mingled pride, courage and sorrow, which, as Colonel Charles Whittlesey says, ‘ elevated the character of the native American throughout the intelligent world.” Logan’s words were committed, in translation, to paper, by Colonel Gibson immediately upon his return to Camp Charlotte, and was doubtless read in council and in the presence of the army. Three different versions, alike in all essential particulars, are in existence, viz.: One con- tained in a letter from Wailliamsburgh, Virginia, dated February 4, 1775, and preserved in the American archives; another published in New York February 16, 1775, as an extract from a Virginia letter, and the third, which we here reproduce, given by Thomas Jefferson in his “Notes on Virginia,” published in 1784, and substantiated by Gibson’s affidavit. As has been heretofore stated, Logan was misinformed in regard to the author of the crime at Yellow creek. It was Greathouse, and not Cresap, who led the party that murdered his people. There is a difference of opinion in regard to the merits of Logan’s speech. Those who detract from its value as an eloquent utterance are very well represented by Mr. Isaac Smuckcer, of Newark, Ohio, who says: ‘It was neither a speech, an address, a mes- sage, Nor a promise to assent to, or comply with, the pro- visions of a treaty, but simply the wild, excited, passion- ate utterances of a blood-stained savage.”* The general verdict has, however, been of a different nature from the opinion above quoted, Mr. Jefferson’s prime object in publishing the translation was to disprove the assertions . of Buffon and Raynal, who alleged the inferiority of the American race. Following is his version of LOGAN’S SPEECH: ‘‘T appeal to any white man to say if ever he entered Logan's cabin hungry, and he gave him not meat; if ever he came cold and naked, and he clothed him not. : ‘During the course of the last long and bloody war, Logan remained idle in his cabin, an advocate for peace. Such was my love for the whites, that my countrymen pointed as they passed, and said, ‘ Logan is the friend of white men." I had even thought to have lived with you, but for the injuries of one man. Colonel Cresap, the last spring, in cold blood and unprovoked, murdered all of the relatives of Logan, not even sparing my women and children. There runs not a drop of my * Historical sketch in Ohio Secretary of State's Report, 1877, sa adhete ow S* a abbr: HISTORY.OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 29 blood in-the veins of any living creature. This called on me for re- venge. I have sought it. Ihave killed many. 1 have fully glutted my vengeance. For my country, I rejoice at the beams of peace. But do not harbor a thought that mine is the joy of fear. Logan never felt fear. He will not turn on his heel to save his life. Who is there to mourn for Logan? Not one.” Mr. Jefferson says of this production: “I may chal- lenge the whole orations of Demosthenes and_ Cicero, and of any more eminent orator—if Europe has fur- nished any more eminent—to produce a single passage superior to the speech of Logan, a Mingo chief, to Lord Dunmore, then Governor of Virginia.” Again he speaks of it as “a marvel of eloquence.” Campbell, in his “Gertrude of Wyoming,” thus para- phrases the sentiment of Logan’s uttérance: “ He left of all my tribe Nor man nor child, nor thing of living breath. No! not the dog that watched my household hearth, Escaped that night of blood, upon our plains! All perished; I alone am left on earth, To whom nor relative nor blood remains; No! not a kindred drop that runs in human veins." Logan engaged in various subsequent hostile crusades against the early settlers. He marched at the head of a war party upon Ruddell’s amd Martin’s stations, in Ken- tucky, where many captives were taken. He also went upon an expedition against the Holston river settlement in 1779. Hostilities were kept up constantly for a num- ber of years. Most of the ill feeling grew, directly or indirectly, out of the massacre of Logan’s kindred. Lo- gan revenged, and the frontier men retalliated with de- termined spirit. Logan’s future was dark, gloomy, full of tragedy. All of the kindness of his great heart was turned to bitterness. He became melancholy and miserable, and at times was sullen, harsh, vindictive and cruel. He said that life had “become a torment to him; he knew no more what pleas- ure was; he thought it would have been better if he had never existed; he knew he had two souls—one bad, the other good. When the bad soul ruled, he delighted in blood; when the good soul had possession of him, he was humane and kind. He wandered about from tribe to tribe, a solitary and lonely man; dejected and broken- hearted by the loss of his friends and the decay of his tribe. He became, in a degree, delirious, and several times said that he should take his own life. To drown his sorrow he resorted to the stimulus of strong drink. His condition was most abject and miserable. His mournful and melancholy later career closed with a trag- edy. While sitting by his camp fire, in profound reflec- tion, or living over again, in imagination, the joys and sor- rows of his life, his head sunken upon his hands and covered with his blanket, an Indian stole stealthily behind him and, burying the tomahawk in Logan’s brain, sent the famous and unfortunate chief upon his journey to the happy hunting grounds. Thus closed a life, the history of which has appealed irresistibly to the sympathies of our whole race. He was a savage, it is true, and, in the paroxysm of his grief, he horribly avenged his private wrongs; but that, before his soul was shocked by the cruel murder of his friends and kindred, his nature was a kind and noble one, cannot be denied. He had great provo- cation, too, for the enormities that —he committed. The massacre of his kindred, at Yellow creek, was the most wanton and shameful crime in the long list that the whites perpetrated upon the Indian race. The place where Logan met his death is in dispute. By some it is said to have been at a point near the shore of Lake Erie, between Sandusky and Detroit, but there is good reason to believe that it was in the vicinity of Urbana that the closing tragedy occurred. CHAPTER IV. THE PIONEERS. In nearly all great and thoroughly organized armies there is a corps of active, brave men, usually volunteers, whose self-imposed duty it is to go ahead and prepare the way with axe, and mattock and pick, for the advance- ment of the army—the fighting rank and file. They are called pioneers. They are armed with guns, as well as implements of labor, for their position and their work is a dangerous one. They are obliged to keep a constant _lookout for an ambush, in momentary fear of a sudden attack, for the enemy, with a full knowledge of the country, which to the advancing corps of pioneers is a terra incognita, is liable at any instant to send a sudden volley of arrows or rifle balls into their midst, or to hem them in with a superior force. The men who pushed their way into the wilderness along the Scioto, and all those earliest settlers of Ohio, from the river to the lake, were the pioneers of one of the grandest armies that earth ever knew; an army whose hosts are still sweeping irresistibly ahead, and which now, after eighty years, has not fully occupied the country it has won. It was the army of peace and civilization, that came, not to conquer an enemy with blood and carnage and ruin, but to subdue a wilderness, by patient toil; to make the wild valley blossom as the rose ; to sweep away the forest, till the prairie’s pregnant soil, make fertile fields and hew out houses, which were to become the abodes of happiness and plenty. The pioneers were the reliant vanguard of such an army as this. The first hardy and resolute men who penetrated the valley of the Scioto, coming up the stream from ‘da belle vivere,” found a land fertile as heart could wish, fair to look upon, and fragrant with the thousand fresh odors of the woods in early spring. The long, cool aisles of the forest led away into mazes of vernal green, where the swift deer bounded by unmolested, and as yet unscared by the sound of the woodman’s axe or the sharp ring of the rifle. They looked upon the wooded slopes and the tall grass of the plains, jeweled with strange and brilliant flowers, where once the red man had his fields of corn. All about them were displayed the lavish bounties of na- ture. The luxuriant growth of the oak, the walnut, of the sycamore, sugar trees, the beech, chestnut and the tulip tree, with the lesser shrubs, the dogwood, the wild plum and crab apple, the red bud, the paw-paw, the 30 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. heavy-hanging grape vines, the blueberry and raspberry, gave evidence of the strength of the virgin soil and the kindness of the climate. The forest covered the land with an abundance of food for the smaller animals, and the deer, as common as the cattle of to-day, grazed upon the rich grass of the prairies, and browsed upon the verdure in the little glades. Other animals were abundant. The opossum, raccoon, rabbit and ground-hog existed in great numbers, The wild hogs roamed the woods in droves, and fattened upon the abundant mast, or “shack.” The bear, the buffalo and the elk were occasionally seen. Wild turkeys appeared in vast flocks, and in the season came the migratory fowls, and tarried by the streams. The river had its share of life, and fairly swarmed with fish. But the pioneers came not to enjoy a life of lotus-eat- ing and ease. They could admire the pristine beauty of the scenes that unveiled before them; they could enjoy the vernal green of the great forest, and the loveliness of all the works of nature. They could look forward with happy anticipation to the life they were to lead in the midst of all this beauty, and to the rich reward that would be theirs from the cultivation of the mellow, fertile soil; but they had first to work. The seed time comes before the harvest in other fields, too, than that of agri- culture. The dangers, also, that these pioneers were exposed to, were serious ones. The Indians could not be trusted, and the many stories of their outrages in the earlier east- ern settlements made the pioneers of the Scioto country apprehensive of trouble. The larger wild beasts were a cause of much dread, and the smaller ones were a source of great annoyance. Added to this was the liability to sickness which always exists in a new country. In the midst of all the loveliness of the surroundings, there was a sense of loneliness that could not be dispelled, and this was a far greater trial to the men and women who first dwelt in the western country than is generally imagined. The deep-seated, constantly-recurring feeling of isolation made many stout hearts turn back to the older settle- ments and the abodes of comfort, the companionship and sociability they had abandoned in Virginia, Pennsylvania and the Southern and Eastern States, to take up a new life in the wilderness. The pioneers, coming first down the Ohio and then making their way up the Scioto, and later making the tedious journey from the cast by the rude trails, arrived at the places of their destination with but very little with which to begin the battle of life. They had brave hearts and strong arms, however, and they were possessed of of invincible determination. Frequently they came on without their families to make a beginning, and this hav- ing been accomplished, would return to their old homes for their wives and children. The first thing done after a temporary shelter from the rain had been provided, was to prepare a little spot of ground for some crop, usually corn, This was done by girdling the trees, clearing away the underbrush, if there chanced to be any, and sweeping the surface with fire. Ten, fifteen, twenty or even thirty acres of land might thus be prepared and planted the first season. In the autumn the crop would be carefully gathered and garnered with the least possible waste, for it was the food supply of the pioneer and his family, and life itself depended, in part, upon its safe preservation. While the first crop was growing the pioneer has busied himself with the building of his cabin, which must answer as a shelter from the storms of the coming winter, a pro- tection from the ravages of wild animals, and, possibly, a place of refuge from the red man. If a pioneer was completely isolated from his fellow- men, his position was certainly a hard one; for without assistance he could construct only a poor habitation. In such cases the cabin was generally made of light logs or poles, and was laid up roughly, only to answer the tem- porary purpose of shelter, until other settlers had come into the vicinity, .by whose help a more solid structure could be built. Usually a number of men came into the country together, and located within such distance of each. other as enabled them to perform many friendly and. neighborly offices. Assistance was always readily given? one pioneer by all the scattered residents of the forest within a radius of several miles. The commonly fol- lowed plan of erecting a log cabin was through a union of labor. The site of the cabin home was generally selected with reference to a good water supply, often by a never-failing spring of pure water, or if such could not be found, it was not uncommon to first dig a well. When the cabin was to be built the few neighbors gathered at the site, and first cut down, within as close proximity as possible, a number of trees, as nearly of a size as could be found, but ranging from a foot to twenty inches in diameter. Logs were chopped from these and rolled to a common center. This work, and that of pre- paring the foundation, would consume the greater part of the day, in most cases, and the entire labor would most commonly occupy two or three days—sometimes four. The logs were raised to their places with handspikes and “skid poles,” and men standing at the corners with axes notched them as fast as they were laid in position. Soon the cabin would be built several logs high, and tHe work would become more difficult. The gables were formed by beveling the logs, and making them shorter and shorter, , as each additional one was laid in place. These logs in the gables were held in place by poles, which extended across the cabin from end to end, and which served also as rafters upon which to lay the rived “clapboard” roof. The so-called “clapboards” were five or six feet in length, and were split from oak or ash logs, and made as smooth and flat as possible. They were laid side by side, and other pieces of split stuff laid over the cracks so as to effectually keep out the rain. Upon these, logs were laid to hold them in place, and the logs were held by blocks of wood placed between them. The chimney was an important part of the structure, and taxed the builders, with their poor tools, to their ut- most. in rare cases it was made of stone, but most com- monly of logs and sticks laid up ina manner similar to those which formed the cabin. It was, in nearly all cases, built outside of the cabin, and at its base a huge opening was cut through the wall to answer as a fire-place. The 2 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 31 sticks in the chimney were held in place, and protected from fire, by mortar, formed by kneading and working clay and straw. Flat stones were procured for back and jambs of the fire place. An opening was chopped or sawed in the logs on one side of the cabin for a doorway. Pieces of hewed timber, three or four inches thick, were fastened on each side, by wooden pins, to the ends of the logs, and the door (if there were any) was fastened to one of these by wooden hinges. The door itself was a clum- sy piece of wood-work. It was made of boards, rived from an oak log, and held together by heavy cross-pieces. There was a wooden latch upon the inside, raised by a- string which passed through a gimlet-hole, and hung upon the outside. From this mode of construction arose the old and well-known hospitable saying, “ you will find the latch-string always out.” It was only pulled in at night, and the door was thus fastened. Very many of the cab- ins of the pioneers had no doors of the kind here de- scribed, and the entrance was only protected by a blanket, or skin of some wild beast, suspended above it. The window was a small opening, often devoid of anything resembling a sash, and very seldom having glass. Greased paper was sometimes used in lieu of the latter, but more commonly some old garment constituted a curtain, which was the only protection from sun, or rain, or snow, The floor of the cabin was made of puncheons—pieces of tim- ber split from trees, about eighteen inches in diameter, and hewed smooth with the broad-axe. They were half the length of the floor. Many of the cabins first erected in this part of the country had nothing but the earthern floor. Sometimes the cabins had cellars, which were sim- ply small excavations in the ground, for the storage of a few articles of food, or, perhaps, cooking utensils. Access to the cellar was readily gained by lifting a loose punch- eon. There was sometimes a loft, used for various pur- poses, among others as the “guest chamber” of the house. It was reached by a ladder, the sides of which were split pieces of a sapling, put together, like everything else in the house, without nails. The furniture of the log cabin was as simple and prim- itive as the structure itself. a floor and supporting two poles, the other ends of which were allowed to rest upon the logs at the end and side of the cabin, formed a bedstead. A common form of table was a split slab, supported by four rustic legs, set in auger _holes. Three legged stools were made in similar simple manner. Pegs, driven in auger holes in the logs of the wall, supported shelves, and others displayed the limited wardrobe of the family not in use. A-few other pegs, or perhaps a pair of deer horns, formed a rack where hung the rifle and powder-horn, which no cabin was without. These, and perhaps a few other simple articles, brought from the “old home,” formed the furniture and furnish- ings of the pioneer. cabin. ‘The utensils for cooking and the dishes for table use were few. The best were of pew- ter, which the care ul housewife of the olden time kept shining as brightly as the most pretentious plate of our later day fine houses. It was by no means uncommon that wooden vessels; either coopered or turned, «were used upon the table. Knives and forks were few; crockery A forked stick set in the. very scarce, and tin-ware not abundant. Food was simply cooked and served, but it was of the best and most wholesome kind. The hunter kept the larder supplied with venison, bear meat, squirrels, wild turkeys and the many varieties'of smaller game. Plain corn bread, baked in a kettle, in the ashes, or upon a board in front of the great open fire-place, answered the purpose of all kinds of pastry. The corn was, among the earlier pioneers, pounded, or grated, there being no mills for grinding it, for some time, and then only small ones at a considerable distance away. The wild fruits, in their season, were made use of, and afforded a pleasant variety. Sometimes especial effort was made to prepare a delicacy, as, for in- stance, when a woman experimented in mince pies, by pounding wheat for the flour to make the crust and used crab apples for fruit. In the lofts of the cabins was usually to be found a collection of articles that made up the pioneer’s materia medica, the herb medicines and spices—catnip, sage, tansy, fennel, boneset, pennyroyal and wormwood, each gathered in its season; and there were also stores of nuts, and strings of dried pumpkin, with bags of berries and fruit. The habits of the pioneers were of a simplicity and purity in conformance to their surroundings and belong- ings. The men were engaged in the herculean labor, day after day, of enlarging the little patch of sunshine about their homes, cutting away the forest, burning off the brush and debris, preparing the soil, planting, tend- ing, harvesting, caring for the few animals, which they brought with them, or soon procured, and in hunting. While they were engaged in the heavy labor of the field and forest, or following the deer, or seeking other game, their help-meets were busied with their household duties —providing for the day and for the winter coming on, cooking, making clothes, spinning and weaving. They were fitted, by nature and experience, to be the consorts of the brave men who first came into the western wilder- ness. They were heroic in their endurance of hardship, and privation, and loneliness. Their industry was well directed and unceasing. Woman’s work then, like man’s, was performed under disadvantages, which have been re- moved in-later years. She had not only the common household duties to perform, but many others. She not only made the clothing but the fabric for it. That old, old occupation of spinning and of weaving, with which woman’s name has been associated in all history, and of which the modern world knows nothing, except through the stories of those who are grandmothers now—that old occupation of spinning and of weaving, which seems sur- rounded with a glamour of romance as we look back to it through tradition and poetry, and which always conjures up thoughts of the graces and virtues of the dames and damsels of a generation that is gone—that old, old occupa- tion of spinning and of weaving, was the chief industry of the pioneer women. Every cabin sounded with the softly- whirring wheel and the rythmic thud of the loom. The woman of pioneer times was like the woman described by Solomon: “She seeketh wool and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands; she layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff.” 32 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Almost every article of clothing, all the cloth in use in the old log cabins, was the product of the patient woman- weaver’s toil. She spun the flax and wove the cloth for shirts, and pantaloons, frocks, sheets and blankets. The linen and the wool, the “linsey-woolsey” woven by the ‘housewife, formed all of the material for the clothing of both men and women, except such articles as were made of skins. The men commonly wore the hunting shirt, a kind of loose frock reaching half way down the thighs, open before, and so wide as to lap over a foot or more upon the chest. This generally had a cape, which was often fringed with a raveled piece of cloth of a different color from that which composed the garment. The bosom of the garment answered as a pouch, in which could be carried the various articles that the hunter or woodsman would need. The hunting shirt was always worn belted. It was made of Coarse linen, of linsey, or of dressed deer-skin, according to the fancy of the wearer. Breeches were made of heavy cloth or of deer- skin, and were often worn with leggings of the same material, or of some kind of leather, while the feet were most usually encased in moccasins, which were easily and quickly made, though they needed frequent mending. The deerskin breeches, or drawers, were very comfortable when dry, but when they became wet were very cold to the limbs, and the next time they were put on were al- most as stiff as if made of wood. Hats or caps were made of the various native furs. The women were clothed in linsey petticoats, coarse shoes and stockings, and wore buckskin gloves or mittens when any protection was required for the hands. All of the wearing apparel, like that of the men, was made with a view to being serviceable and comfortable, and all was of home manu- facture. Other articles, and finer ones, were worn some- times, but they were brought from former homes, and were usually the relics handed down from parents to children. Jewelry was not common, but occasionally some ornament was displayed. In the cabins of the cultivated pioneers were usually a few books—the Bible and hymn-book, Pilgrim’s Prog- ress, Baxter’s Saints’ Rest, Harvey’s Meditations, A.sop’s Fables, Gulliver's Travels, Robinson Cruso, and the like. The long winter evenings were spent in poring over a few well-thumbed volumes by the light of the great log fire, in knitting, mending, curing furs, etc. Hospitality was simple, unaffected, hearty, unbounded. Whiskey was in common use, and was furnished on all occasions of sociality. Nearly every settler had his bar- rel stored away. It was the universal drink at merry- makings, bees, house -warmings, weddings, and was always set before the traveler who chanced to spend the night or take a meal in the log cabin. It was the good, old-fashioned whiskey—“clear as amber, sweet as musk, smooth as oil”—that the few octogenarians and nonogen- arians of to-day recall to memory with an unctuous gusto and a suggestive smack of the lips. ‘The whiskey came from the Monongahela country, and was floated down the Ohio and thence boated up the Scioto. A few years later many stills were set up by the settlers, and an article of corn whiskey manufacttired that was not ' a hah aoe held in such high esteem, though used in great quantities. As the settlement increased, the sense of loneliness and isolation was dispelled, the asperities of life were softened, its amenities multiplied. Social gatherings be- came more numerous and more enjoyable. The log- rolling, harvesting, and husking-bees for the men, and the applebutter-making and quilting parties for the women, furnished frequent occasions for social inter- course. The early settlers took much pleasure and pride in rifle-shooting, and as they were accustomed to the use of the gun as a means, often, of obtaining subsistence, and relied upon it as a weapon of defence, they ex- hibited considerable skill. A wedding was the event of most importance in the sparsely settled new country. The young people had every inducement to marry, and generally did so as soon as able to provide for them- relves. When a marriage was to be celebrated, all the neighborhood turned out. It was customary to have the ceremony performed before dinner, and, in order to be on time, the groom and his attendants usually started from his father’s home in the morning, for that of the bride. All went on horseback, riding in single file along the narrow trail. Arriving at the cabin of the bride’s parents, the ceremony would be performed, and after that, dinner served. This would be a substantial back- woods feast of beef, pork, fowls, and bear or deer meat, with such vegetables as could be procured. The greatest hilarity prevailed during the meal. After it was over, the dancing began, and was usually kept up till the next morning, though the newly-made husband and wife were, as a general thing, put to bed in the most approved fashion, and with considerable formality, in the middle of the evening’s route. The tall young men, when they went on to the floor to dance, had to take their places with care between the logs that supported the loft floor, or they were in danger of bumping their heads. The figures of the dances were three and four-handed reels, or square sets and jigs. The commencement was always a square four, which was followed by “jigging it off.” The “settlement” of a young couple was thought to be thoroughly and generously made when the neighbors as- sembled and raised a cabin for them. ‘ During all the early years of the settlement, varied with occasional pleasures and excitements, the great work of increasing the tillable ground went slowly on. The im- plements and tools were few, and of the most primitive kind, but the soil, that had long held in reserve the accu- mulated richness of centuries, produced splendid harvests, and the husbandman was well rewarded for his labor. The soil was warmer then than now, and the season eat- lier. The prairie fields were often, by the first of March, as green as fields of grain now are by the first of April. ‘The wheat was pastured in the spring to keep it from growing up’so early and so fast as to become lodged. The harvest came early, and the yield was often from thirty-five to forty, or more, bushels per acre. Corn grew fast, and roasting ears were to be had by the Fourth of July in some seasons. There was great difficulty in obtaining flour and meal. There was no mill nearer than Chillicothe—the floating ..woodsman’s axe. a score of ways. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND. PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 33 mill upon the river—for a number of years. Only the commonest goods were brought into the country, and they sold at enormous prices, being packed from Detroit, or wagoned from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, thence floated down the Ohio to the mouth of the Scioto, and thence brought up the stream in boats, or packed along the banks. Tea was worth two or three dollars a pound for a number of years after the settlement of the Scioto valley had extended up as far as Columbus. Coffee brought from seventy-five cents to a dollar ; salt, five to six dollars per bushel, of fifty pounds, and the common- est kinds of calico were sold at a dollar per yard. Long journeys upon foot were often made by the pioneers to obtain the necessities of life, or some article, then a lux- ury, for the sick. Hardships were’ cheerfully borne, pri- vations stoutly endured ; the best was made of what they had, by the pioneers and their families, and they toiled patiently on, industrious and frugal, simple in their tastes and pleasures, happy in an independence, however hardly gained, and looking forward, hopefully, to a future of plenty, which should reward them for the. toils of their earliest years, and a rest from the struggle amidst the ben- efits gained by it. Without an iron will and indomitable resolution, they could never have accomplished what they did. Their heroism deserves the highest tribute of praise that can be awarded. During the war of 1812, many of the husbands and fathers volunteered their services to the United States, and others were drafted. Women and children were then left alone in many an isolated log cabin all through Ohio, and there was a long reign of unrest, anxiety and terror. It was feared by all that the Indians might take advantage of the desertion of these homes by their natural defend- ers, and pillage and destroy them. The dread of robbery and murder filled many a mother’s heart, but happily the worst fears of this kind proved to be groundless, and this part of the country was spared any scenes of actual violence. After the war, there was a greater feeling of security than ever before; a new motive was given to immigration. The country rapidly filled up with settlers, and the era of peace and prosperity was fairly begun. Progress was slowly, surely made; the log houses became more numer- ous in the clearings; the forest shrank away before the Frame houses began to appear; the pioneers, assured of safety, laid better plans for the future, resorted to new industries, enlarged their possessions, im- proved the means of cultivation. Stock was brought in from Kentucky and from the east. Every-settler had his horses, oxen, cattle, sheep and hogs. More commodious structures took the places of the old ones; the large double log cabin, of hewed logs, took the place of the smaller hut; log and frame barns were built for the pro- tection of stock, and the housing of the crops. Then society began to form itself, the school-house and the church appeared, and the advancement was noticeable in Still there remained a vast work to perform, for as yet only a beginning had been made in the western woods. The brunt of the struggle, however, was past, and the way made in the. wilderness for the army that was to come. 5 CHAPTER V. SETTLEMENT AND POPULATION. THERE is one great and striking peculiarity in the set- tlement and population of the Scioto valley that is more clearly exemplified in Pickaway county than in Franklin, or any other. It is the difference between the people upon the east and west sides of the river. There is, probably, no other county or section of country, of equal size, in the State of Ohio which contains two such clearly defined and different elements as the population of Virginian descent upon the west side of the river, and that of Pennsylvanian origin upon the east side. The cause of this peculiarity is, of course, directly attributable to the formation of the land grants, or reservations. Virginia having retained, as is fully explained in the chapter headed ‘Title to Ohio—The Land Grants—The Survey,” all of the lands west of the Scioto and east of the Miami, they came, very naturally, to be settled by the pioneers who emigrated from that State. They brought with them the ideas, and manners and cus- toms of the Old Dominion, which, taking root in the new soil of the frontier, sprang up and produced their like, modified, to be sure, by various forces, but retaining strong general resemblance to the parent stock. The land upon the east side of the river being within the United States military, congress and refugee tracts, was, for obvious reasons, settled and developed by pioneers from a wider range of localities, though the greater pro- portion, especially in Pickaway county, were Pennsyl- vanians. Franklin county, from the fact that it is farther north than Pickaway, received more of its early population from the east; an admixture from New England and New York State, as well as from the northern part of Ohio, in later years. Upon the west side of the river the early settlers were, as in Pickaway, from Virginia, but upon the whole, the population of Franklin was, and is, much more cos- mopolitan in its character than that of Pickaway; the river has been less clearly the dividing line between the Virginian and other pioneers, and the difference in the mode and degree of the development of the country has been conspicuous. The different elements in the population of Pickaway, and the effects produced by the two peoples, is worthy of more than a passing word. At present there is not ex- hibited the wide diversity there once was. It has been modified by the influx of other than the original elements of population, by intermingling of the people, lee of residence, and various other causes. The land in Pickaway, which is a part of the Virginia military grant, was mostly held by wealthy men, in large tracts, and a system of tenantry was brought in vogue at an early day, through this circumstance. Upon the west side of the river, there is within the county a territory of about two hundred and ninety square miles, and this ter- ritory, about the year 1843, according to a small historical pamphlet then published, contained a population of only eight thousand, three hundred and seventy-six, an average of less than thirty to the square mile, while the land upon the east side of the river, containing about eighty less 34 square miles, sustained a population of eleven thousand, three hundred and forty-nine, an average of almost fifty- five to the square mile. The popular disposition being to take up large tracts of land, the insecurity of title, and other causes, created the tenant system under which the lands were never so fully improved as where actual own- ership, and division into smaller farms, was the rule. Forty or fifty years after the settlement of the county began, the difference between the lands east and west of the river was very conspicuous. Upon the east side, where the Pennsylvanians were in the majority, the farms and fields were of moderate size, well improved, and thoroughly worked by men who lived upon them, in com- fortable homes, and who were their owners. Upon the west side there were occasional houses of much preten- sion, and immense farms but partially improved, and often cultivated in a lax and $lovenly way. Upon one side the wealth of the country was quite equally divided; upon the other were to be seen the extremes of wealth and poverty. The price of land of the same “quality east . and west of the river was very often nearly twice as great upon the former side as upon the latter, and as the lands east of the Scioto were surveyed in small tracts and par- cels, thus being within reach of the poorer class of pio- neers, this part of the county was first to gain a good average of population. The habits brought with the first emigrants underwent a gradual change, new elements of population entered the country, the large farms, upon the death of their original owners, were cut up and divided among the members of the family, and the peculiar differ- ences between the appearance and character of the coun- try upon the east and west sides of the river grew slowly less observable until, at the present, very little is noticeable. THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS, In Pickaway county the first permanent white settle- ments were made in 1796, or the following year. The first cabins were erected upon the “truce,” or trail lead- ing from the crossing of the Hockhocking (now Lancaster) by the Pickaway plains, to Chillicothe. There was one three or four miles south of the plains, and another at the eastern edge. The land upon which stood the old Indian town of Chillicothe became the property of Abel Westfall, who laid out the village which to-day bears his The rich body of lands known as the Pickaway plains was crossed by the great thoroughfares leading from the eastern settlements to Chillicothe, and to Cincinnati and the Miami settlements. Numerous “squatters” had, at an early day, erected cabins along these roads, and yet these lands were not sold until nearly all of the soil lying around them had been taken up. Consequently the set- tlement upon the plains could not be regarded as perma- nent. It involved no possessive rights. Settlements were made on Darby creek by Jonathan Renick; on Deer creek by Abraham Shanton, and on Walnut plains by David Denny, as early as 1800. A few cabins were erected six or eight miles apart, upon the trail leading from Chillicothe to Franklinton through Westfall, as early as 1797-8. Following are the dates of settlement of the several townships, as nearly as can be ascertained: name. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Pickaway wassettledin.................00seeeeeeeeeeee 1796—1797 Salt Creek ‘‘ pea 1797 Washington ‘ me 1797 Circleville *' we 1801 Walnut i a 1798 Madison “ “ 1804 Harrison ae ie 1799 Scioto a vi 1804 Darby ees 1800 Monroe ee ae 1799 Muhlenb'gh 1806 Jackson i 1798 Wayne a 1798 Deer Creek “ Me 1799 Perry " . 1799 Franklin county was first settled in 1797, the point being the site upon which Franklinton was subse- quently laid out. The next settlement was made upon Darby creek, and the third—a scattering of pioneer cabins along Alum creek—was made in the sum- mer of 1798. About the same time a few settlers located at the mouth of Big Belly (now Gahanna) creek.. The settlement followed the banks of this stream throughout the territory of what is now Franklin county. After the year 1800, the influx of population was steady and quite rapid, so that the country was soon occupied by a number of people, and its resources began to be devel- oped in such a manners a to encourage other emigrants to come here. Following is a list of some of the earliest settlements: Franklin township, which originally contained about twice as much land as the whole county now does, was first settled at the village of Franklinton, of which mention has been before made, in 1797. Sharon. The first settlement was made in the spring of 1803, by the Scioto company, upon the site of the town of Worthington. Montgomery was settled in 1799, along Alum creek. Pleasant township was first settled at a point on Darby creek, near Georgesville. : Hamilton was settled in 1800; Washington, in 1801 or 1802; Madison, 1802-3; Truro, in 1805; Plain, in 1802; Blendon, in 1806; Mifflin, in 1799; Jefferson, in 1802-3; Brown, in 1808; and Clinton, previous to 1804. POPULATION, ‘The following tables show the population of Franklin and Pickaway counties every decade from 1820 to 1870, both inclusive, as given by the United States census, and the population of the townships, at three periods of their growth: FRANKLIN COUNTY. TB QO i cscs ices snes geneAupt 10/300 | T850.vnrssevanreksennes 64,132 TB AO x tigers npeaeederi anton MGSO) BOO oscix acincersesasire etintaaneselee 50,361 IOS kei aRee cone sinks BA BBO | 187.165 oes oesed csc aiemianen 63,524 * The following shows the population of the townships at the periods—1820, 1840 and 1870: 1820 1840 1870 Bem OM se. 5: arses ahaiviva, 8 apsbreapeaioniuaendetareie’ 972 1,77! BRO Wisastinescengteiavel atecnie treme peel ba dca! a wc cet 425 819. CMM OT ici se dane eaten winwnncndedelptcashenires ita 518 965 1,800 MONET etic 2c esses tab ttn ucts etevsede vcieenste ciation 779 1,345 2,629 Hamilt ones 293 vee sie gus cacd «Rane Bare SRA 943 1,238 1,827 : FI ATTISON Ns dearer ecciengamonpecs ty ieintdy ous auisiecae 426 — PACKS ON aiiactcortat nies steerer enna upesgesr 310 787 1,923 Jefferson... co. cape soesan Heiee sees pe sas 559 1,040 1,405 ° MAGISON: cs deicinaen Mninconesexhans dave oariniosia ears 1,097 1,815 3,440 4 MEET once cssioscich Gees ecndarzeunianar oacalrn® omni gta 241 832 1, 562 Montgomery, including Columbus city...... 1,631 7,497 33,744 ENO RW. IG HSegsnneaeccarcceaumiiacc aoe Apomaita: Gar aui dendanane 257 740 1,632-4 Perry dahiitiepidagraneeeeS {ROAM TSS HEREN ES RHEE Sw 426 1,039 I, 297 PU Nine ede mtenesid anaes, pAGa sodas. Soman 373 1,263 1,293 7 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 35 28 1820 1840 1870 PICASATE Ss sisccasiis dos ides agus wits ed a alive neti 599 811 1,833 Prairie: ts ea es shane Sete ee Mees = 2922) 603 1,364 SHAON: sodouas sig ods vtainee aw s . 983 1,168 1,480 Truro.... -.. 693 1,418 1,866 WON as cance s pag tes daweay 4a menes 137 842 1,334 PICKAWAY COUNTY. TB QO is cata x naw vadinced yelnie H8.8 18,143)| 1850 ..0ucscickiveuavaaaw ys 20, 823 DOGO scouisys sie senalesa ies sashapsed thers 151935. | F860. 0 120 eciues wna wrewias 23,469 PERO: pos 5 sacar 5 creo a ee 0,100 | WPF ways op sans eee iwaud 24,274 The growth of the townships has been as follows: 1820 1840 1870 Girclevillesss¢\sxciva ose vamys ae dees a eee age EUS 2,973 5,922 DaWekins coud ne sewes ha Saks wed ERE HY EEK 536 1,052 1,548 Deer Creek. jcscgasnd tattad ech vena ee ene eeu ae 1,532 1,376 1,458 ELEMTISOB = soon) eigs skahe oom oseucrashaedl a aneoig oeadinans 534 1,149 1,271 Jackson. steerer euseeeeee aed cena 4 tide: 993 1,202 Madison ie osdcc cen einai s aieeniaw ws eaaise ea ince 851 883 Muhlenburgh 653 957 MONMOG) cise e 3a ates ge shaeatens § Rie weksabinucgs sub doses 653 1,352 1,870 PiCkAWAY sacs ac wits aaa vague es MuawEG Ke ESSE aD 1,908 1,574 1,692 Salt Cheekiccn cn aiid neler ocansoates acintacn ae I, 304, 1,815 1,750 POW oa 5 hie ave Bad Ga sies eA RON AA bee 403 g20 1,545 Walnut: sscu e's) ae ac gauteus wee eaaeaces ba 1,483 1,798 1,636 Washingtonincc si cscgiga own ule sa gaesaes oes 2,000 1,194 906 WAYNE) 285d sits aot otentndne ae pate in Sad eee 950 779 799 CHAPTER VI. TITLES TO OHIO---LAND GRANTS---THE SURVEY. THE first people to claim possession of the territory now included in the State of Ohio, other than the pre- historic Mound Builders and the Indians, were the French. France vested the right of her title upon the discoveries of that intrepid, indomitable explorer Robert Cavalier De La Salle, who is said, by Parkman and other historians, to have passed from Lake Erie south, over the portage in the Allegheny river, and from thence to the Ohio river, as far as the ‘“‘ Falls” at Louisville, thus being the discoverer and explorer of the State. By his subse- quent discoveries, too, La Selle was accredited with the honor of having found for France the whole of the vast territory commonly considered as included in the Missis- sippi valley and called Louisiana. The title was disputed by Great Britain, but the controversy was only a slight one, and France held possession before the Utrecht treaty in 1713, and after that treaty, up to the treaty of Paris in 1763, when Great Britain came into possession of the soil northwest of the Ohio, and retained it until the close of the Revolutionary war, whereby the treaty of peace, concluded at Paris in 1783, and ratified by the Ameri- can congress in the following year, the ownership was vested in the United States. INDIAN TREATIES. The indefinite claim of the J/roguots Indians, or Szx LVations, based upon their assumption of having con- quered the whole country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and hence becoming its owners, was extinguished by the terms of the treaty of Fort Stanwix, concluded October 22, 1784. The commissioners of congress in this trans- action were Oliver Wolcott, Richard Butler and Arthur Lee. The Szx ations were represented by Red Jacket and Cornplanter, two of their most able chiefs. - The treaty of Fort McIntosh, by which the Deawares, Wyandots, Ottawas and Chippewas relinquished all claims to the Ohio valley, was negotiated in January, 1785, by George Rogers Clark, Richard Butler and Arthur Lee, for the United States, and the chiefs of the tribes named, for the Indians. By the provisions of this treaty, the boundary line dividing these Indians from the United States was established along the Cuyahoga river and the main branch of the Tuscarawas, to its fork, near Fort Laurens, thence westwardly to the portage between the heaequarters of Great Miami and the Miami of the Lakes (Maumee), thence down said river to Lake Erie, and along the lake to the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Other relinquishments were effected by the treaty of Fort Finney, at the mouth of the Great Miami, concluded with the Shazwmnees, January 31, 1786; by the treaty of Fort Harmer, held by General St. Clair, January 9, 17809, and by the treaty of Greenville, August 3, 1795. The rights and titles left the Indians by these and other treaties were extinguished by treaties subsequently made, and by purchase. THE CLAIMS OF STATES. After the ratification of the treaty of peace, in 1784, between Great Britain and the United States, and for some time before, New York, Massachusetts and Connec- ticut asserted claims to portions of the lands now in- cluded in the boundaries of Ohio, and Virginia claimed the whole, and much more, even to the entire extent of the “territory northwest of the Ohio river.” Virginia’s claim was founded upon certain charters granted to the colony of Virginia by James the First, bearing date, re- spectively, April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March 12, 1611; also, upon the conquest of the country between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and the northern lakes, by General George Rogers Clark, in 1778 and 1779. Though possessing as valid a claim as any other State, Virginia was the second to relinquish her hold upon the disputed territory, for the good of the United States, which was done by a deed of cession, granted March 1, 1784.* The charters of Massachusetts and Connecticut both embraced territory extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and that of New York, obtained from Charles the Second, included territory that’ had been previously granted to Massachusetts and Connecticut. Their char- ters covering, to some extent, the same territory, there arose conflicts between them and Virginia as to the own- ership of the soil of Ohio. New York made a deed of cession May 1, 1782. Virginia followed, reserving the military lands, in 1784, and Masschusetts on the thirteenth of November, in the same year, authorized her delegates in congress to cede the title of the State to all lands west of the western boundary of New York. The measure was consummated in 1785. Connecticut ceded all of her claim west of what is now known as the Western Re- serve, in September, 1786, an act which has been char- acterized by Chief Justice Chase as “the last tardy and reluctant sacrifice of State pretensions to the common good.” -* The nature and provisions of this deed of cession are more fully explained under the heading “‘ Virginia Military Lands,” in this chapter. 7 36 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ‘Having traced the history of the title to the soil of Ohio, we shall proceed to show how that part of the lands in which the counties of Franklin and Pickaway lie, was parceled off and put in the market, the tracts or grants to which they belong, and the reason of their ex- istence. When Ohio was admitted to the Federal Union as an independent State, one of the terms of admission was, that the fee simple to all the lands within its limits, especially those previously granted or sold, should be vested in the United States. The different portions of the lands have, at various times, been granted or sold to various companies, bodies politic, and individuals. The principal divisions were known as follows: 1, Congress lands; 2, United States Military Lands; 3, Virginia Military District; 4, Western Reserve; 5, Fire Lands; 6, Ohio Company’s Purchase; 7, Donation Tract; 8, Symmes’ Purchase; 9, Refugee Tract; 10, French Grant; 11, Dolerman’s Grant; 12, Zane’s Grant; 13, Canal Lands; 14, Turnpike Lands; 15, Maumee Road Lands; 16, School Lands; 17, College Lands; 18, Min- isterial; 19, Moravian; 20, Salt Sections. All of the lands in the two counties represented in this work belong to one of four tracts—the Virginia Military Lands, the United States Military Lands, the Refugee Tract, or the Congress Lands. THE VIRGINIA MILITARY LANDS. All of the territory in Franklin and Pickaway counties, west of the Scioto river, is included in the Virginia Mili- tary district. At its session, beginning October 20, 1783, the gen- eral assembly of Virginia passed an act to authorize its delegates in congress to convey to the United States, in congress assembled, all the right of that commonwealth to the territory northwest of the Ohio river. Congress stipulated to accept this cession upon condition that this territory should be formed into States, containing a suit- able extent of territory, and that the States so formed should be distinctly republican, and admitted members of the Federal Union, having the same rights of sovereignty and freedom as the other States. On the seventeenth of March, 1784, Thomas Jefferson, Arthur Lee, James Monroe and Samuel Hardy, the Virginia delegates to congress, conveyed to the United States ‘all right, title and claim, as well as of jurisdiction, which the said com- monwealth hath to the territory, or tract of country, within the limits of the Virginia charter, situate, lying and being northwest of the river Ohio.” This act of cession contained, however, the following reservation: ‘That in case the quantity of good land on the southeast side of the Ohio, upon the waters of Cum- berland river, and between the Great and Tennessee rivers, which have been reserved by law, for the Virginia troops, upon continental establishment, should, from the North Carolina line, bearing in further upon the Cumber- land lands than was expected, prove insufficient for these legal bounties, the deficiency should be made up to the said troops in good lands, to be laid off between the rivers Scioto and Little Miami, on the northwest side of the river Ohio, in such proportions to them as have been engaged to them by the laws of Virginia.” The land embraced in this reservation constitutes the Virginia mili- tary district in Ohio, and is composed of the counties of Adams, Brown, Clinton, Clermont, Highland, Fayette, Madison and Union, and portions of Scioto, Pike, Ross, Pickaway, Franklin, Delaware, Marion, Hardin, Logan, Clark, Greene, Champaign, Warren and Hamilton. Congress passed an act authorizing the establishment of this reservation and location as defined, upon the re- port of the executive of Virginia that the deficiency of good lands upon the waters of the Cumberland existed. The Virginia soldiers of the Continental line, who served in the Revolutionary war, were compensated in bounty awards of these lands according to the rank, time of service, etc. The first step necessary, after securing the proper certificate of actual service, was that of pro- curing a printed warrant from the land officer, specifying the quantity of lands and the rights upon which it was due. This military warrant was issued from the land office, in the State of Virginia, which empowered the person to whom it was granted, his heirs or assigns, to select the number of acres specified in the lands reserved for that purpose, and to have the same appropriated. After the location was made and the boundaries ascertained by surveying, the owner of the warrant returned it to the State authorities, and received in its place a patent, or grant, from the government. This grant was equivalent to a deed in fee simple, and passed all of the title of the government to the grantee. On the same day on which the act was passed, Richard C. Anderson, a colonel in the army, was appointed sur- veyor for the Continental line of the army, by the officers named in the act and authorized to make such appoint- ment as they saw fit. He opened his office at Louisville, for entries in the Kentucky lands, on the twentieth of July, 1784. When the Kentucky grant was exhausted he opened another office for entries in the Ohio tract. He held his position up to the time of his death, in October, 1826, and during the long period faithfully discharged the onerous duties devolving upon him. His son-in-law, Allen Tatham, esy., was appointed surveyor sometime after Colonel Anderson’s death, and opened his office at, Chillicothe in July, 1829. Any soldier who held a warrant, or the heir or assign of any-soldicr who held a warrant, was at liberty to locate his lands wherever he pleased within the Virginia military lands, and in consequence of the irregularities with which many locations were made, and the encroachment of some locations upon others, far more litigation has arisen rela- *. tive to lines and titles in this district than in those which ° were regularly surveyed and laid off in sections. The Virginia military tract was never surveyed into ranges or townships until it was done in the different counties, by order of the county commissioners, when it - became desirable to organize the townships for civil pur- poses. Hence their irregular shape and size. The town- ships in Franklin county which lie within the tract are: Washington, Norwich, Brown, Prairie, Franklin, Pleasant and Jackson. Those in Pickaway county are: Darby, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY. COUNTIES, OHIO. 37 Scioto, Monroe, Muhlenburg, Jackson, Perry, Deer Creek and Wayne. THE UNITED STATES MILITARY LANDS Were surveyed under the provisions of an act of Con- gress, passed June 1, 1796, and contained two million five hundred and sixty thousand acres. The ‘tract was set apart to satisfy certain claims of the officers and sol- diers who fought in the Revolutionary war. It is bounded by the Seven ranges on the east, by the Greenville treaty line on the north, by the Congress and Refugee lands on the south, and by the Scioto river on the west, and in- cludes the entire county of Coshocton and portions of Tuscarawas, Guernsey, Muskingum, Franklin, Delaware, Marion, Morrow, Knox, and Holmes. The townships of Franklin county which belong to this tract are Jeffer- son, Plain, Blendon, Mifflin, Clinton, Sharon, and Perry. The southeast quarter of Plain township, and a portion of Perry, were laid out, for the convenience of soldiers, in one hundred acre lots. The townships of Plain, Jackson, Mifflin, Blendon, Sharon, and Clinton, were divided into quarters, each of which was intended to contain four thousand acres. After satisfying the claims for which these lands were set apart, there was a surplus, which was divided into sections a mile square, and con- taining six hundred and forty acres. The surplus lands were disposed of by sale. THE REFUGEE TRACT Is a body of land containing about one hundred thou- sand acres, granted by Congress, February 18, 1801, to persons who fled fromthe British provinces—Canada and Nova Scotia—during the Revolutionary war and took up arms in behalf of the colonies and against their mother country, thereby losing their property by confis- cation. . This tract is four and one-half miles wide, from north to south, and extends forty-eight miles eastward from the Scioto river, at Columbus, into Muskingum county, in- cluding parts of Franklin, Fairfield, Perry, Licking and Muskingum. The townships in Franklin county which lie within this tract are Montgomery and Truro. THE CONGRESS LANDS. Two townships in Franklin county—Hamilton and Madison-——are within the Congress lands. This tract in- cludes, also, all of Pickaway county east of the Scioto river, viz.: the townships of Madison, Harrison, Walnut Creek, Circleville, Washington, Pickaway and Salt Creek. The congress lands were surveyed and put in the market in conformance to an ordinance passed in 1785, after the several States claiming ownership had all granted deeds of cession to the United States, and after the title had been made perfect by treaty with the Indians. The lands were surveyed into townships six miles square, or as nearly that size as was practicable, and were divided into sec- tions, each a mile square. Four sections in each town- ship were reserved for future sale by the United States, and one section was set apart for the use of schools. - Originally a provision was made for the reservation of one-seventh of the lands surveyed, for the use of the Con- tinetal troops, but this plan was subsequently abandoned, and, as heretofore related, a specific appropriation of a tract was made for that purpose. The system of the sur- vey and sale underwent many changes, which it is un- necessary here to relate. SCHOOL LANDS. Congress, by a compact with the people, gave them one-thirty-sixth, part of all of the lands northwest of the Ohio river for school purposes. The lands for this pur- pose set apart, however, were appropriated by squatters, and through unwise, careless, and, sometimes, corrupt legislation, these squatters were vested with proprietor- ship. ‘‘ Members of the legislature, not unfrequently, got acts passed and leases granted, either to themselves, to their relatives, or to their warm partizans. One senator contrived to get, by such acts, seven entire sections of land into either his own, or his children’s possession.” * From 1803 to 1820, the general assembly spent a consid- erable portion of every session in passing acts relating to these lands, without ever advancing the cause of edtica- tion in any degree. In 1821 the house of representatives appointed five of its members, viz: Caleb Atwater, Lloyd Talbot, James Shields, Roswell Mills and Josiah Barber, a committee on schools and school lands. This committee subse- quently made a report, rehearsing the wrong management of the school land trust on behalf of the State, warmly advocated the establishment of a system of education, and the adoption of measures which would secure for the people the rights which congress intended they should possess. In compliance with the recommendation of the committee, the governor of the State, in May, 1822, hav- ing been authorized by the legislature, appointed seven commissioners of schools and school lands, viz: Caleb Atwater, the Rev. John Collins, Rev. James Hoge, D. D., N. Guilford, Hon. Ephriam Cutler, Hon. Josiah Barber and James M. Bell, esy. The reason why seven persons were appointed was because there were seven different sorts of school lands in the State, viz: Section number sixteen in every township of the Congress lands, the Virginia military lands, Symmes’ purchase, the Ohio company’s purchase, the Refugee lands, and the Connec- ticut Western Reserve. For the four different land grants represented in the lands of Franklin and Pickaway counties, the appointments were as follows: For Congress lands, John Collins; for the Refugee lands, James Hoge; for the United States Military lands, James M. Bell. The commission of seven persons was reduced, by various causes, to one of three, Messrs. Atwater, Collins and Hoge, who performed the arduous duties incumbent upon them, with but little remuneration, and (at the time), but few thanks. The legislature of 1823 broke up without having taken any definite action upon the re- port presented by the commission, but during the sum- mer and autumn of 1824, the subject of the sale of the school lands was warmly agitated, and the friends of this measure triumphed over the opposition so far as to elect large majorities to both branches of the general assembly, * Caleb Atwater—‘' History of Ohio.” 38 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. in favor of its being made a law. The quantity of land set apart was ascertained, in 1825, to be a little more than half a million acres, and was valued at less than a million dollars. A portion of these lands was sold by the legis- lature under authority of congress, and the residue was leased. PERILS OF THE SURVEY. The original survey of the lands at present comprised in Franklin and Pickaway counties, and especially of the Virginia Military tract, was attended with great diffi- culty and danger. This land district was opened in 1787, and soon after, Massie, Sullivant, McArthur, and others, commenced the adventurous undertaking of surveying it. All of the locations of land warrants prior to 1790, were made by stealth. ‘Every creek which was explored, every line that was run, were at the risk of life from the savage In- dians, whose courage and perseverance were only equaled by the perseverance of the whites to push forward their settlements. Colonel R. C. Anderson, surveyor-general of the Virginia Military District, placed a large number of the warrants in the hands of Nathaniel Massie, in 1790, when Congress removed the last obstruction to the | taking of the lands, and he immediately proceeded to enter and survey, on such terms as he could make with the owners. The risk being great, and as the holders of claims were anxious to have them located as soon as pos- sible, in order that they might obtain the best selections, they were willing to pay liberally for the labor and danger of the survey. One-fourth, one-third, and sometimes as much as one-half, of the lands acquired by entry, were given by the proprietors to the surveyors. If the owners preferred paying in money, the usual terms were ten pounds, Virginia currency, for each one thousand acres surveyed, exclusive of chainman’s wages. Massie con- tinued to survey during the winter of 1792-3, and in the fall of the latter year he pushed his way far up the Scioto. He employed about thirty men to accompany him on his dangerous expedition. ‘The greater part of Ross and Pickaway counties, west of the river, was well explored and partly surveyed. The party returned without having met with any harm, and delighted with the richness of the valley. Massie resumed his labors in the winter of 1793-4, and braved many hardships and dangers. Mr. Lucas Sullivant, one of the first settlers on the site of Columbus, and who died August 8, 1823, surveyed most of the Virginia Military grant lying in the present limits of Franklin county. In some of his first attempts he was driven back by the Indians, but, finally, having formed a large party, about twenty men, surveyors, chain- bearers, markers, hunters, scouts and pack-horse men, with pack-horses, he made his way up the Scioto valley, through the untracked wilderness to the vicinity of what is now Columbus. The party experienced much suffer- ing, sometimes having a short allowance of food, and be- cause of the proximity of Indians, not daring to use their rifles to bring down game. Wolves were constant visitors to the encampment, and the panther was more than once found prowling around. “Once,” says the Sullivant me- morial, ‘‘when encamped near what the early settlers knew as the ‘Salt-lick,’ on the west side of the river, three miles below the present city of Columbus, a pan- ther was discovered crouching upon the horizontal limb of a tree, nearly overhanging the place where they were sitting around the brightly blazing fire. The tail of the panther was swaying to and fro, and he seemed about tc spring upon them, when one of the hunters, seizing his rifle, aimed at the head, between the glaring eye-balls of the animal, and, with a steady hand, pulled the trigger. Simultaneous with the crack of the gun, the beast gave a spring, and falling in their midst, scattered the camp-fire in his death struggles.” The rear guard of Mr. Sullivant’s party attacked, on one occasion, a party of Indians, and killed a Frenchman who was with them—probably an Indian trader. For this the men were severely reprimanded by Mr. Sullivant, who believed that this wanton attack would be followed by a retaliating blow. The Mingo Indians held a con- sultation and sent out a party of warriors to capture or destroy the surveying squad. Mr. Sullivant, who, appre- hending such a result, had hurried his work and was about ready to leave the country, was met on the fourth day after the Frenchman’s murder by Indians. He helda council with his men, to determine whether they should attack the redskins or not, and it was decided not to take the initiative in battle. After directing the men to keep together, remain quiet, and on no consideration to fire a gun unless attacked, Mr. Sullivant resumed his work and, just at twilight, as he was making his last entry, some of the men fired at a wild turkey, and their whereabouts thus being made known, the Indians rushed upon them with a whoop and a volley. Mr. Sullivant threw his compass and other instruments under the top of a fallen tree, and swinging a light shotgun, which he always car- ried, to his shoulder, he fired upon an Indian who was rushing upon him with uplifted tomahawk. Turning about to look for his men, he saw they were in a panic and rapidly dispersing, and he also took to his heels, and, fortunately, in about a quarter of a mile, fell in with six of them. Favored in their flight by the darkness, they journeyed all night and most of the next day. Two of the men in this surveying party were killed when the In- dians made their first onslaught. Mr. Sullivant had some other experiences with the Indians, but none so dangerous or nearly fatal as this. The surveys of the lands upon the east side of the river were accompanied by dangers similar to those that attended the survey of the Virginia military district, though lesser, on account of the surveying being done at a later date. CHAPTER VII. CIVIL ORGANIZATION AND COUNTY DIVISION, THE pre-historical history of Ohio, so far as regards civil organization and the exercise of authority, begins in 1769, when the colony of Virginia attemptcd to extend her jurisdiction over the territory northwest of the river HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Ohio. The house of burgesses passed an act establishing the county of Botetourt, with the Mississippi river as its western boundary. This was a vast county. The act which established it contained the following passage: ‘“‘ Whereas, the people situated on the Mississippi, in the said county of Botetourt, will be very remote from the court house, and must neces- sarily become a separate county as soon as their numbers are sufficient, which will probably happen ina short time, be it therefore enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the inhabitants of that part of the said county of Botetourt which lies on the said waters shall be exempted from the payment of any levies to be laid by the said county court for the purpose of building a court house and prison for said county. Civil government between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers existed only nominally until 1778, when, after the conquest of the country by General George Rogers Clark, the Virginia legislature organized the county of Illinois, embracing within its limits all of the lands lying west of the Ohio river to which Virginia had any claim. Colonel John Todd received appointment from the governor of Virginia as civil commandant and lieutenant of the county. He served until his death, at the battle of Blue Licks, in 1782, and Timothy Montbrun was his suc- cessor. In 1787, Virginia, having made her deed of cession to the United States, and the title having been protected through other deeds of cession, and through Indian trea- ties, congress took the great step which resulted in the establishment of a wise and salutary civil government. Upon the thirteenth of July, after a prolonged discussion of the principles and issues involved, there was issued “An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States Northwest of the river Ohio,” which has since been known as “the ordinance of 1787,” or the ‘ordinance of freedom.” By this great and statesman- like ordinance, provision was made for successive forms of territoral government, adapted to successive steps of advancement in the settlement and development of the western country. Chief Justice Chase says of this ordi- nance: “This remarkable instrument was the last gift of the congress of the old confederation to the country, and it was a fit consummation of their glorious labors.” _ At the time this ordinance went into effect, there had been made no permanent settlements of whites upon the territory embraced, except the few French villages, and their immediate vicinities, in the western and northwest- ern portions of it. If any such existed within the present limits of Ohio, they must have been situated along the Maumee river, and were of small extent.* The govern- ment had discouraged the settlement of whites up to this time, to avoid infringement upon the rights of the Indians, and consequent troubles. Military force was resorted to to break up some small settlements made along the Ohio, and in other parts of the State. After the passage of the ordinance, immigration was - encouraged. ‘‘When the settlers went into the wilder- ness, they found the law already there. It was impressed upon the soil itself, while it yet bore up nothing but the forest.” T Congress, in 1787, appointed General Arthur St. Clair *Isaac Smucker. +Chief Justice Chase. { 39 governor of the Northwest territory; Major Winthrop Sargent, secretary, and James M. Varnum and John Armstrong, judges, though the latter, declining to serve, was supplanted by John Cleve Symmes in the following year. On the ninth of July, 1788, Governor St. Clair arrived at Marietta, and proceeded to organize the terri- tory. The first law was. proclaimed July 25, 1788, and upon the twenty-severith of the same month the governor issued a proclamation, establishing the county of Wash- ington, which included all of the territory east of the Scioto river, to which the Indian title had been extin- guished, reaching northward to Lake Erie, the Ohio river and the Pennsylvania line being its eastern boundary, Marietta, the seat of the territorial government, also be- coming the county seat of Washington county. The next county laid out was Hamilton, in 1790 Cincinnati was the county seat. The other territorial counties were the following, laid out in the order in which here given: St. Clair, Knox, Randolph, Wayne, Adams, Jefferson, Ross, Trumbull, Clermont, Fairfield and Belmont. Ross, the mother county of Franklin and Pickaway, was proclaimed August 20, 1798, and its seat of government was Chillicothe, which was laid out the previous year by Nathaniel Massie. ‘The county was named after the Hon. James Ross, of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, who, at that time, was the unsuccessful can- didate of the Federalists for governor of that State. CHAPTER VIII. ERECTION AND ORGANIZATION OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. FRANKLIN COUNTY was erected in 1803, by the follow- ing act of the general assembly, convened at Chillicothe, the then State capital: An Act to Establish the County of Franklin: Section 1. Ee it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That all that part of Ross contained within the following bound- aries, to wit: Beginning on the western boundary of the twentieth range of townships east of the Scioto river, at the corner of sections numbers twenty-four and twenty-five in the ninth township of the twenty-first range, surveyed by John Mathews; thence west until it intersects the eastern boundary line of Greene county; thence north with said lme until it intersects the State line; thence eastwardly with the said line to the northwest corner of Fairfield county; thence with the western boundary line of Fairfield county to the place of beginning, shall form a separate and distinct county, to be called by the name of Franklin. SECTION 2. And be it further enacted, That all taxes and officers’ fees, which may be due from the inhabitants of the said county of Franklin to the county of Ross at the commencement of this act, shall be collected and paid in iike manner as if the said county had not been divided; and the same proceedings shall be had in all processes, judg- ments, and executions which may be pending in the said county of Ross at the commencement of this act, as would have taken place had it never been passed. SECTION 3. And be it further enacted, That courts for the said county of Franklin shall be holden in the town of Franklinton, until a permanent seat of justice shall be established therein, agreeably to the provisions of the act entitled, ‘‘an act establishing seats of justice.” SECTION 4. This act shall commence and be in force from and after the thirtieth day of April next. MICHAEL BALDWIN, | Speaker of the House of Representatives. SAM. HUNTINGTON, Speaker pro tem. of the Senate. March 30, 1803. 4o HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND. 2 The erection of the county of Delaware, in 1808, re- duced the northern boundary of the county to its present limit. Pickaway county was erected in 1810, and reduced the county of Franklin to its present southern limit. The erection of Madison in 1810, and of Union in 1820, re- duced the western extent of the county, but in 1845 the boundary line was established by act of the legislature, along Darby creek, from the northwest corner of Brown to the north line of Pleasant township. Again, in 1857, by an “act to annex a part of Licking county to the county of Franklin,” nine half sections were attached to Franklin, and in 1851 six sections were added upon the same side of the county. These changes left the county, as at present, nearly square, twenty-two and a half miles in extent north and ssouth, and about twenty-four and three-quarters from east to west. ° FIRST COURT. The first court of common pleas in Franklin county was held in Franklinton, “‘on the first Tuesday in May, and the third day thereof.” There were present John I)ill, David Jameson and Joseph Foos, esqs., associate judges. The court appointed Lucas Sullivant clerk pro tempore, and he took the oath of office. The first official act of the court is recorded as follows: “On the application of Joseph Foos and Jane Foos, (widow and relict of John Foos, deceased), letters of administration of the said decedent's estate were granted them, upon their complying with the requisites of the law. Whereupon they took the necessary oath, and together with Lucas Sullivant, their security, entered into and acknowledged their bond in the penal sum of seven hundred dollars, conditioned for the faithful discharge of their duties in their said administration.” The first mention we find of the president judge is under date of the first Tuesday in September, 1803, (to which time the court had adjourned). On that day “the Honorable Wyllys Silliman, esquire, president, and David Jameson and Joseph Foos, esquires, two of the associate judges, were present. ‘John S. Wills, Michael Baldwin, Philemon Beecher, Wm. W. Irwin and Jonathan W. Reddick, intending to appear as attorneys in this court, took the oath of fidelity to their State, the oath to support the constitution of this State, and the oath of an attorney-at-law, they are severally admitted to practice as attorneys therein.” Other entries show that at this session of court, Jere- miah McLene, James Furguson and ‘William Creighton, who were appointed commissioners, reported in favor of establishing Franklinton as the regular place for holding court. John Blair foreman, Andrew Culbertson, James Short, William Bennett, Jonathan Holmes, Ezekel Bogard, Zachariah Stephen, James Marshall, Joseph Hunter, Samuel Henderson, William Brown, James Ewing and Calvin Carey were sworn ‘ta grand jury of inquest for the body of this county,” and having received, their charge, withdrew from the bar, and after some time re- turned with the following presentments: Usual Osbourn, for striking and beating with force and arms, John Story, the 23d day of June last, in the county aforesaid, contrary to the laws of the State. Against Samuel Sills, for perjury, before Zachariah Stephens, a justice of the peace. PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. John Swills appeared as prosecutor. Both causes were continued. Several entries of civil cases appear on the record, and all of them were continued. Among them were: Sam- uel Smith against James Brown; John Clark against David Nelson, and Alexander McLaughlin against Nathan Rollings. April 16, 1803, an act was passed making it the duty of the Associate Judges to divide their respective coun- ties into townships, and divers other duties now per- formed by the county commissioners. The following record shows the early division of Frank- lin county: “At a meeting of the Associate Judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin county, at the temporary seat of justice of said county, in Franklinton, on Tuesday, May 10, 1803; present, the Hon. John Dill, Chief Judge, David Jamison, and Joseph Foos, esqrs, Asso- ciated Judges of the court aforesaid; who, having taken their official seats, were attended by Lucas Sullivant, clerk of the said Court of Common Pleas, and they then proceeded to lay off the said county of Franklin into townships, as required by an act of the general assembly of the State of Ohio, entitled, ‘An act to regulate the election of Justices of the Peace, and for other purposes,’ in the following manner, to wit: “ Ordered, That all that part of Franklin county contained within the following limits, to wit: Beginning at the forks of Darby creek, that is, at the junction of what is called Treacle’s creek with Darby creek, running thence south to the line between the counties of Ross and Franklin; thence east with said line, until it intersects the Scioto river; thence up the same till it comes to a point one mile, on a straight line, -. above the mouth of Roaring run; and from thence to the point of be- ginning, do make and constitute the first township in Franklin county, and be called Franklin township. “Ordered, That in Franklin township there be elected two justices of the peace, and that the electors hold their election for that purpose at the temporary place of holding courts for the county of Franklin, on the twenty-first day of June next. ‘Ordered, That the lands contained within the following boundaries, to-wit’: Beginning on the west bank of the Scioto river, one mile, ona direct line, above the mouth of Roaring run; from thence, on a direct line, to the junction of Treacle’s creek with Darby creek, which is fre- quently called the forks of Darby; thence south unto the line between the counties of Ross and Franklin; thence west with said line until it intersects the county line of Greene; thence with the last mentioned line north, and from the point of beginning, up the Scioto to the north- ern boundary of Franklin county, do make and constitute the second township in said county, and be called Darby township. “Ordered, That in Darby township there be elected one justice of the peace, and that the electors of said township hold their election for that purpose at the house of David Mitchell, in said township, on the twen ty-first day of June next. “Ordered, ‘That the lands contained in the following limits; to-wit: Be- ginning on the east bank of the Scioto river, at the point where the sec- tional line between the sections number eight and seventeen, in town- ship four and range twenty-two, intersects the Scioto river; thence east: with the said sectional line until it intersects the line between the coun- ties of Fairfield and‘Franklin; thence south with the same to the line be- tween the counties of Ross and Franklin; thence west with the same until it intersects the Scioto river; thence up the river to the point of be- gining, to make and constitute the third township in Franklin county, and be called Harrison township. “ Ordered, That there be elected in Harrison township, one justice of the peace, and that the election be held at the house of Alexander Laughferty, on one Thomas Renixes' farm, in said township, on the twenty-first day of June, next. ‘ Ordered, That the land contained in the followifg limits, to-wit: Be- ginning on the east bank of the Scioto river, at the intersection of the sectional line between the sections number eight and seventeen, in the fourth township and twenty-second range; running thence with the said sectional line east, to the line between the counties of Fairfield and Franklin; thence north with said linc, and from the point of beginning. to the Scioto, to the northerly boundary of Franklin county, do consti- tute and make the fourth township, Franklin county, and be called Liberty township. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 41 ‘‘ Ordered, That two justices of the peace be elected in Liberty town- ship; the election to be held at the house of John Beaty, in said town- ship, on the twenty-first day of June, next.” Following are the names of those who were elected in accordance with the foregoing provisions, and who were the first justices of the peace in Franklin county: Franklin township, Zachariah Stephen and James Marshal; Darby township, Joshua Ewing; Harrison township, ‘William Brown, and in Liberty township, Joseph Hunter and Ezra Brown. The same day an election was held for representatives in Con- gress, the first in the State. The vote of Franklin county was: Franklin township, 59; Darby township, 22; Harrison township, 21; Liberty township, 28, or a total of 130. The aggregate vote of Franklin county for president, in 1876, was 17,037. OTHER COURTS. Besides the common pleas court of Franklin there have been three others which have sat in Columbus, though they do not belong properly to the history of the county. Prior to 1824, the annual sessions of the supreme court were held in Franklinton; since that time in Columbus. It originally consisted of four judges, but by the present State constitution, which took effect in 1851, was made to consist of five judges. The district court, constituted by the common pleas judges of the proper district, generally hold a short annual term in Franklin, as in other counties. The supreme court of Franklin county was established in 1857—-March 27—as a sort of adjunct of the court of common pleas, with a single judge, elected by popular vote for five years, and having jurisdiction only in crim- inal cases. Fitch James Mathews, of Columbus, was elected judge of this court in April, 1857, and re-elected in 1862. Before the expiration of his term of office he resigned, on account of failing health, and J. William Baldwin was appointed his successor. ‘This court was abolished in 1865, by act of the legislature, and its un- finished business transferred to the court of common pleas. The probate court, like that of other counties, was established by the provisions of the constitution of 1851. The regular courts were held for several years in hired rooms. The Franklinton court house was erected in 1807-8, Lucas Sullivant being the contractor. This and the jail, erected about the same time, remained in use until 1824, when the county seat was removed to Colum- bus. After that time, and up to 1840, the Court of Com- mon Pleas was held in the United States court house, on the public square, north of the old State buildings. THE COURT HOUSE Of Franklin county was erected upon land originally ‘owned by Dr. M. B. Wright and wife, and by them deeded to Robert Lysle, James Bryden, and R. W. Coles, October 20, 1837. The lots were numbers three hun- dred and fifty-eight and three hundred and fifty-nine, situated on the southeast corner of High and Mound streets. A third lot—number three hundred and sixty— was afterwads purchased, as the two first bought were found insufficient. The whole cost of the ground was one thousand, five hundred and fifty-six dollars and four cents. The court house was so far completed, in 1840, that it was used, and found ample enough, until 1852, when an additional building was erected, between which 6 and the first a passage way was made on a level with the second floor. JAILS. The first building used for a jail after the county seat was removed to Columbus, was of brick, and stood upon the south side of Gay street, between High and Third. ‘After the court house was erected, its basement was used for the purposes of a jail, but it proved too insecure for a prison, and as escapes were too frequent, a new jail was built in the rear, or east of the court house, fronting on Mound street. This building, all except the front, is of massive stone, and the cells are composed entirely of iron. THE COUNTY INFIRMARY. The first infirmary building was finished in 1833, upon the farm at the confluence of the Olentangy and Scioto. This infirmary was not large enough; it was inconvenient to convey the pauper sick to—being situated at such a distance from Columbus, from which city three-fourths of _ the inmates came—and for various other reasons it was deemed best to abandon this place and locate an infirm- ary elsewhere. In 1839 the commissioners purchased the present site of the infirmary, in the southern part of the city, and erected thereon the building now in use. Vari- ous additions have béen made, from time to time, and several separate buildings erected, as well as more ground obtained. On the first of December, 1869, the county commis- sioners purchased, for seventeen thousand, five hundred dollars, a tract of land known as the Flenniken farm, con- taining one hundred and fifteen acres, and situated on the west side of Olentangy, at the west end of King avenue, two miles from the State capitol building. The contract for the new building was let to Fornoff, Hess & Miller for one hundred and eighty-nine thousand, two hundred and seventy-nine dollars and forty-eight cents. A model infirmary building was to have been constructed. The plans were elaborately prepared and the actual work begun, but the land rose rapidly in value, and it was de- cided to give up the project, as one too costly. The land was subsequently sold off in parcels, and since then until quite recently no new plan has been advanced to provide for the destitute and decrepit. The county owns a farm, purchased in 1854, at an expense of about thir- teen thousand dollars. It is on the Groveport pike. CHAPTER IX. ERECTION AND ORGANIZATION OF PICKAWAY COUNTY. Prior to the year 1810, the territory included at present within the limits of Pickaway county was included in the counties of Ross, Franklin and Fairfield, the part in which Circleville lies being within the bounds of Ross. The State legislature, assembled at Chillicothe, the then capi- tal of the State, on the twelfth of January, 1810, passed the following These appointments 42 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ACY FOR THE ERECTION OF PICKAWAY COUNTY: selected Henry Nevill. They also appointed Samuel “Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, Lyman, lister, now called assessor. That all those parts of the counties of Ross, Franklin and Fairfield, with- in the following boundaries, be, and the same are hereby, erected into a separate county, to be known by the name of Pickaway: Beginning on the east side of the Scioto river, at the intersection of a line between townships two and three, of range twenty-one, Worthington's survey; thence east with the township lines, to the southeast corner of township number eleven, and range twenty; thence north with the range line, to the northeast corner, to section number one, of township eleven, in range twenty; thence west with the township line, to the northwest corner of said township; thence north with the range line, to the northeast corner of section number thirteen, in township ten, of range twenty-one, Mat- thew’s survey; thence west to the Scioto river; thence west from the Scioto river twelve miles; thence south twenty miles; thence east to the Scioto river; thence down the river to the place of beginning. Sec. 2. Be tt further enacted, That from’and after the first day of March next, said county shall be vested with all the privileges and im- munities of a separate and distinct county: Provided, That the sheriffs, coroners, constables and collectors, for the counties aforesaid, may per- form all the duties required by law, in their respective counties, within the county of Pickaway before the said division, and suits at law which are, or may be pending at the time of such division, shall be adjusted in the same manner, as if a division had not taken place. Sec. 3. Be dt further enacted, That on the first Monday of April next, the legal voters residing within the said county of Pickaway, shall assemble in their respective townships, and elect their several county officers, who shall hold their offices until the next annual election. Sec 4. Be dt further enacted, That the Courts of said county shall be held at the house of Henry Nevil, until a permanertt seat of justice is fixed as the law directs. This act shall be in torce from and after the first day of March next. EDWARD TIFFIN, Speaker of the House of Representatives. DUNCAN M'ARTHUR, Speaker of the Senate. JANUARY 12, 1810. At this time Jefferson was the principal town in the county, and contained, probably, between two and three hundred inhabitants. Henry Nevill, at whose house the act ordered that the first court should assemble, resided in this village, and was the leading merchant and most prominent business man in the community. COURTS. Friday, April 6th, of the same year, was a memorable day, for it was then that the first court was ever assem- bled in the new county of Pickaway. The august body was composed, as the records state, of William Seymour, Thomas Barr and John Shoemaker, esquires, associate judges of the court of common pleas. James Denny was appointed clerk, pro ¢em., and William H. Puthuff, recorder, the latter giving bond in the sum of ‘one thousand dollars. Having thus organized and appointed the jnstices of the peace for the various town- ships,—three to Pickaway, two to Salt Creek, three to Washington, three to Walnut, three to Madison, one to Scioto, two to Darby, two to Deer Creek and two to Wayne—-the court adjourned to wait until the county commissioners should prepare a suitable place for their assemblage. The commissioners, consisting of D, Kin- near, Peter Apple and Jonathan Holmes, met on the twenty-first of April, and organized by electing David Kinnear clerk. Their first act was to approve and accept of the bonds of the officers, who had been chosen at the election had on the second inst., as follows: James Ren- ick, sheriff, and John McNeal coroner. At that time it was their duty to appoint a county treasurer, and they completed the official organization of the county. The next thing in order was to provide a jail. On April 13th, of the same year, occurred the first trial, of which the following record is made : State of Ohio Us. John Bennit. Ata special court of enquiry, holden in the town of Jefferson, on Monday, the thirteenth (13th) day of April, 1810. Present, the Hon- orable William Seymour, Jacob Shoemaker, Thomas Barr, associate judges. James Rennick, sheriff, having opened court, it was ordered that he bring in the body of John Bennit, in his custody, who was charged with murdering Reuben Cherry, with malice aforethought. The prisoner was arraigned, and plead ‘‘not guilty," whereupon he was re- manded back to prison, and the court adjourned. May 1 the case continued, and resulted in the pris- oner’s being admitted to bail, which was fixed at one thousand dollars, for his appearance at the ensuing term of the court of common pleas for Pickaway county. July 23, following, the first term of the court of com- mon pleas convened at the house of Henry Nevill, in Jefferson. Present, Hon. John Thompson, president, and William Seymour, Thomas Barr and Jacob Shoe- maker, associates, and Edward Williams, West Miller, Charles Cade, George Atter, Isaac Williams, John Tim- mons, William Marquis, James Martin, Daniel Shelby, John Burget, Thomas Renick, Ezekiel Morris, William Miller, Hugh Creighton, William Renick and John Rob- inson, William Miller, Hugh Creighton and John Robinson failing to put in an appearance, Benjamin Kepner and Elisha Litler were chosen in their stead. David Shelby was appointed foreman, and after being sworn the jury retired. The day following (July 24), the case of the State of Ohio against John Bennit came on, and on the twenty- sixth a verdict was rendered for manslaughter, whereupon the court ordered that the prisoner be confined in the goal of the county for the period of eight days, pay a fine of two hundred dollars, and the costs of prosecution. \ PICKAWAY COUNTY, OHIO. ‘At this time,” says a well informed writer to the press, ‘‘rules for the government of the court and officers were established. Some of them are worthy of mention. One was that the attorneys were to be orderly, and treat each other with respect at the bar. ‘To make no noise or contradict no gentleman addressing the court or jury, unless first moving the court to interfere, and if the gentleman thus contra- dicted talks back, he shall, at the discretion of the court, suffer a suspension.’ .\nother, ‘That the prosecuting attorney shall keep the secrets of the grand jury and his own.’ ‘The clerk or deputy never to leave the court without permission.’ The sheriff was ‘to suffer no one to smoke within the bar.” ‘To attend the court at their lodgings and walk before them to the court house every morning.” He was to open court thus: ‘Hear ye, hear ye, hear yet The*judges of the court-of common pleas of Pickaway county are now sefé/ng/ All persons hav- ing any business to transact give their attention, and they will be heard. God save the State of Ohio and this honorable court.’ “The fees of county officers at this time were as follows: Prosecuting attorney, one hundred and sixty dollars per annum; clerk, sixty dollars; sheriff, sixty dollars.” COUNTY BUILDINGS. On April 26, 1810, the commissioners of Pickaway county entered into an agreement with Henry Nevill, of the town of Jefferson, whereby 2 room was leased in the dwelling of the said Nevill, the same to be used as a jail, at an annual rent of forty dollars. June 8th, subsequently, 4 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 43 a house was rented of the same person, to be used as a court house, at an annual rent of sixty dollars. November 14th, of the same year, a contract was closed with Andrew Briner, of Washington township, Pickaway county, by which the said Briner was to erect, within four weeks from the signing of said contract, a jail, in the southeast corner of the greater circle in the town of Circleville; said building to be in size sixteen by twenty-two feet, and constructed of logs, for which he was to receive, when completed, the sum of fifty-five ‘dollars. March 7, 1811, the commissioners rented the upper portion of the dwelling of Jacob Zeager, jr., situated in the town of Circleville, the same to be used as a county court house; at an annual rental of forty dollars. June 15, 1821. It is recorded that a final settlement was made with John B. Bently, respecting the building and completing of the new jail in the town of Circleville. This stood on what is now lot number four hundred and forty-two, on Franklin street, and was occupied until the completion of the jail beneath the present court house, when it was torn down. The first building erected for the especial use of Pick- away county as a court house, stood in the street, at the crossing of East and West and North and South Main . streets. It was constructed of brick, at an early day, and was torn down in about 1840. The building was oc- tagonal in form, and surmounted with a tower in the center. The present commodious court house, located on the corner of Court and Franklin streets, was begun in the year 1845, and completed in the fall of 1847. It is in size fifty-five feet in width by one hundred and five feet in length, surmounted by a tower, in which is the town clock. The building cost, entire, about forty-five thou- sand dollars. N. B. Kelley, of Columbus, was the archi- tect, and also superintendent of construction. COUNTY INFIRMARIES. April 11, 1831. The county commissioners purchased of Joshua Folsom and wife thirty-six acres of land, in sec- tion nineteen, township eleven and range twenty-one, Worthington’s survey, for the purpose. of a poor farm, paying therefor one thousand eight hundred dollars, Upon this suitable buildings were erected. This prop- erty was occupied for some years, but, not being conve- niently located for the purpose, was eventually sold, and, for a time, the county was without an infirmary, and its poor were cared for by private individuals. The first meeting of the directors was held April 18, 1831, when there were present : George W. Doan, Andrew Huston, Joseph Olds, Robert Campbell and James R. Hulse. George W. Doan was elected president, and Andrew Hus- ton, secretary, of the board. August 6th, 1866, the county commissioners purchased a second poor farm, of Lewis and Susan H. Lutz, con- sisting of about one hundred and eighty acres of land, in “section number six, in township number ten, range twen- ty-one, for which the sum of eighteen thousand and ninety dollars was paid. These lands were not occupied for the purpose for which they were purchased, and were disposed ot on the eleventh of March, 1869, for a trifle more than was originally paid for the property. This farm was purchased agreeably to a vote of the citizens of the county. September 8, 1868, the present county farm was pur- chased of Christopher F. and Magdalena Brandstatt. It consists of two hundred and fifty-six acres of land in sec- tion number fourteen, township number eleven, range number twenty-one, Worthington’s survey, and cost eigh- teen thousand dollars. The present elegant infirmary building, one of the finest in the State, was completed in the summer of 1873, and cost, entire, about one hun- dred and twenty-five thousand dollars. The gentlemen who have filled the office of infirmary director are: Henry C. Blacker, Solomon Reigle, David Terwilliger, Samuel S. Winstead, W. E. Bolin, Daniel E. Hosford, George Dungan and William Dick, the last three of whom are the present incumbents: John Morris, jr., has been superintendent from the opening of the institution until the present. The num- ber of inmates in March, 1879, was one hundred and sev- enty-four. CHAPTER X. CIVIL LIST OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY. FoLtowinc is the civil roster of the official represen- tatives of Franklin and Pickaway counties, from the earliest elections down to the present : REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. In 1803 (the year following the adoption of the State Constitution) Franklin county was organized. From this date until 1812, the entire State was only entitled to one representative in Congress. In 1812 the State was divided into congressional districts. The following are the names of the gentlemen who have represented Frank- lin county in congress: 1803, Jeremiah Morrow, of Warren county; 1812, James Kilbourne, of Franklin county; 1816, Philemon Beecher, of Fairfield county; 1820, Joseph Vance, of Champaign county; 1822, William Wilson, of Licking county (deceased); 1827, William Stanbery, of Licking county; 1832, Jeremiah McLean, of Franklin county; 1836, Joseph Ridgway, of Franklin county; 1842, He- man A. Moore, of Franklin county (deceased); 1844, A. P. Stone, of Franklin county; 1844, Columbus De- lano, of Knox county; 1846, Daniel Duncan, of Licking county; 1848, Charles Switzer, of Delaware county; 1852, Edson B. Olds, of Pickaway county; 1854, Sam- uel Galloway, of Franklin county; 1856, S. S. Cox, of Franklin county; 1865, James R. Hubbell, of Delaware county; 1867, George W. Morgan, of Knox county; 1873, Hugh J. Jewett, of Franklin county; 1875, Ansel T. Walling, of Pickaway county; 1877, Thomas E. - Ewing, of Fairfield county; 1879, George L. Converse, of Franklin county. 44 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. UNITED STATES SENATORS. 1869, Allen G. Thurman, present incumbent. STATE SENATORS. 1803, Nathaniel Massie and Abraham Claypoal; 1804, Joseph Kerr; 1805, Duncan McArthur; 1806, Abraham Claypoal; 1807, Duncan McArthur; 1808, Henry Mas- sie; 1809, Duncan McArthur; 1810, Joseph Foos, of Franklin county;.1812, John Barr, of Pickaway county ; 1814, Joseph Foos, of Franklin county; 1816, Thomas Johnston, of Franklin county; 1822, Henry Brown, of Franklin county; 1823, James Kooken, of Franklin county; 1824, Joseph Foos, of Franklin county; 1828, Joseph Olds, of Pickaway county ; 1831, William Doherty, of Franklin county; 1833, Ralph Osborn, of Franklin county; 1835, Elias Florence, of Pickaway county; 1837, John L. Green, of Pickaway county; 1840, Alexander Waddle, of Clark county; 1844, Alfred Kelley, of Frank- lin county; 1846, J. Stedson, of Madison county; 1848, William Dennison, jr., of Franklin county; 1850, Abra- ham Thomson, of Delaware county; 1851, John Cradle- baugh, of Pickaway county; 1853, Samuel Bartlett, of Franklin county; 1855, Alfred Kelley, of Franklin coun- George L. Converse, of Franklin county; 1866, Ansel T. Walling, of Pickaway county; 1868, Robert Hutche- son, of Franklin county; 1870, Adin G. Hibbs, of Frank- lin county; 1872, John G. Thompson, of Franklin coun- ty; 1876, William Miller, of Franklin county; 1878, Charles F. Krimmel, of Pickaway county, present in- cumbent. STATE REPRESENTATIVES. 1803, William Creighton, John Evans, James Dunlap and Elias Langham; 1804, Michael Baldwin, Duncan McArthur and William Patton; 1805, Elias Langham, David Shelby and Abraham J. Williams; 1806, Nathaniel Massie; 1807, Thomas Worthington, Jeremiah McLene and William Lewis; 1808, John Blair, of Franklin coun- ty (new district); 1810, John Barr, of Pickaway county; 1812, Gustavus Swan, Franklin county; 1813, Thos. John- ston, Franklin county; 1815, William Ludlow, Franklin county; 1816, Thomas Moore, Franklin county; 1817, Gustavus Swan, Franklin county; 1818, John H. Mc- Dowell, Franklin county; 1820, John R. Parish, Franklin county; 1822, David Smith, Franklin county; 1823, Jas. Kilbourne, Franklin county; 1824, George S. Williams, Franklin county: 1826, David Smith, Franklin county; 1827, Thomas C. Flourney, Franklin county; 1828, Jos. | Ridgway and Daniel Upson; 1829, William Doherty; 1830, Joseph Ridgway; 1831, Philo H. Olmsted; 1832, Francis Stewart and M. B. Wright; 1833, Philo H. Olm- sted; 1834, Adam Reed and Jacob Grubb; 1835, Adam Reed; 1836, Alfred Kelley; 1837, Alfred Kelley and Robert Neil; 1838, James Kilbourne and John W. An- drews; 1839, Buckley Comstock; 1840, James C. Rey- nolds; 1841, Nathaniel Medbury and Joseph Chenowith; 1842, Joseph Chenowith; 1843, Samuel Parsons and Cornelius Crum; 1844, Joseph Ridgway, jr., and Charles McCloud, of Madison; 1845, Joseph Ridgway, jr., and Edward Fitzgerald, of Madison; 1846, John Noble and » Pickaway. Jeremiah Clark; 1847, A. F. Perry and George Taylor; 1848, James Dalzell and David Gregory, of Delaware; 1849, James Dalzell and Elijah Carney, of Delaware; 1850, Wray Thomas and Charles L. Eaton; 1851, Ed- ward Cartwright and Edward A. Stanley; 1853, Alexan- der Thompson and Hiram Hendron; 1855, George M. Parsons and James H. Smith; 1857, William R. Rankin and H. L. Chaney; 1857, Peter Rose, Pickaway county; 1860, Benjamin L. Reese and George L. Converse, Franklin county ; 1860, J. G. McShoaler, Pickaway county ; 1862, George L. Converse and Otto Dressel, Franklin | county; 1862, I. N. Ross, Pickaway county; 1864, Otto Dressel and John G. Edwards, Franklin county; 1864, James Reber, Pickaway county; 1866, Adin G. Hibbs and J. R. Marshall, Franklin county; 1866, Augustus L. Perrill, Pickaway county; 1868, Cal T. Mann and William L. Ross, Franklin county; 1868, Ansel T. Walling, Pick- away county; 1870, Llwellyn Baber and Clark White, Franklin county; 1870, William T. Conklin, Pickaway county; 1872, William L. Ross and Clark White, Frank- lin county; 1872, Aaron R. VanCleaf, Pickaway county; 1874, George L. Converse and John H. Heitman, Frank- ' lin county; 1874, William T. Conklin, Pickaway county; ty; 1857, Augustus L. Perrill, of Pickaway county; 1864, : 1876, George L. Converse, Franklin county, present in- cumbent; 1876, C. F. Krimmel, Pickaway county; 1878. Aaron R. Van Cleaf, Pickaway county, present incumbent. FRANKLIN COUNTY OFFICERS. PRESIDENT JUDGES. 1803, Wyllis Sillimman; 1804, Levin Belt; 1805, Robert Slaughter; 1807, Levin Belt; 1810, William Wilson; 1812, John Thompson; 1816, Arris Parish, elected for seven years, resigned 1819, and Frederick Grimke appointed. 1820, John A. McDowell; died in 1823, and Gustavus Swan appointed. 1830, Frederick Grimke; 1834, Joseph R. Swan; 1848, J. L. Torbet, who served until the office was abolished by the new constitu- tion, February, 1852. 1851, James L. Bates was elected for five years, and re-elected in 1856, and again in 1861, serving until 1866. 1867, John L. Green was elected, and has twice been re-elected since. 1868, Joseph Olds, elected in district composed of Franklin, Madison and 1873, E. F. Bingham, elected to fill place until then occupied by Judge Olds; Bingham was re- clected in 1878. 1879, Eli P. Evans, elected for term of five years. Judges Green, Bingham and Evans are now in office. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. 1803, John Dill, David Jamison’ and Joseph Foos; 1808, ‘William Thompson; 1809, Isaac Miner; 1810, Robert Shannon, William Reed and Alexander Morrison, jr; 1814, Arthur O’Harra; 1815, William Reed; 1817, Samuel G. Flenniken and David Smith, 1819, Recom- pence Stansberg; 1820, Abner Lord; 1821, Edward Livingston; 1822, John Kerr; 1823, Thomas Johnston; : 1824, Arora Buttles and Samuel G. Flenniken; 1829, William McElvain; 1831, Arora Buttles and Samuel G. Flenniken; 1836, Adam Reed; 1837, William McElvain** 1838, Christian Heyl and Samuel G. Flenniken; 1843, James Dalzell; 1844, John A. Lazell; 1845, John HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 45 Landes and Christian Heyl; 1851, William T. Martin was elected, and served until the office was abolished by the new constitution. PROBATE JUDGES, This office was created by the new constitution. William Rankin was elected in October, 1851; he was succeeded by William Jamison, in 1854; Herman B. Alberry was elected in 1857; 1863, John M. Pugh; 1878, John T. Gale, present incumbent. CLERK OF THE COURT. This office was appointive, until the adoption of the new constitution. 1803, Lucas Sullivant; 1810, Lyne Starling; 1815, Abram I. McDowell, 1836, Elijah Backus, appointed pro tem., 1838, Lyne Starling, jr.; 1848, Lewis Heyl, who remained in office until the adoption of the new consti- tution; October, 1851, Kendall Thomas; 1854, Albert Buttles; October, 1857, John L. Bryan, who died before his term o office expired, and James H. Smith was ap- pointed to fill the vacancy, February 2, 1869. He was subsequently elected, and died during his term of office, and, February 3, 1862, David W. Brooks was appointed to fill the vacancy; 1871, James S. Abbott; 1877, Har- vey Cashatt, who is the present incumbent. PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. This office was also appointive, until 1833. 180s, Reuben Bonam; 1810, John S. Wills; 1813, David Scott; 1819, John A. McDowell; 1820, Thomas Backus. From this date (1821) until 1830, the names occur of John R. Parish, James K. Carey, Gustavus Swan, Orris Parish, and William Doherty. 1830, Joseph R. Swan, by appointment. He was elected in October, 1833. 1834, P. B. Wilcox; 1836, Moses H. Kirby; 1838, William W. Backus; 1842, Lewis Heyl; 1846, L. H. Webster; 1848, Thomas Sparrow; 1850, B. F. Mar- tin; 1854, George L. Converse; 1856, Milton H. Mann; 1868, E. T. DeLaney; 1870, George K. Nash; 1876, Joseph H. Outhwaite; 1878, W. J. Clark, who is the present incumbent. SHERIFFS. Benjamin White was appointed to this office in 1803, and the same year Adam Hosack was elected. Follow- ing are the names of the incumbents to this office: 1807, E. N. Delashmut; 1811, Samuel Shannon; 1815, Francis Stewart; 1819, John McElvain; 1829, Robert Brotherton; 1833, Andrew McElvain; 1837, James Graham; 1841, William Domigan; 1845, John Graham; 1849, John Greenleaf; 1853, Thomas Miller; 1855, William Miner; 1857, Silas W. Park; 1859, George W. Huffman; 1863, William Domigan; 1867, George H. Earhart, who died, November 27, 1868. The coroner filled the office until 1869, when Samuel Thompson entered upon his duties. 1874, W. E. Horn; 1878, Josiah Kinnear, the present incumbent. COUNTY AUDITORS. ® This office was created by the legislature at its session in 1820-1. The auditor was elected annually until 1824, and since that year biennially. In March, 1821, Joseph Grate was appointed by the commissioners, to serve until the next election. In Octo- ber, of the same year, Zachariah Mills was elected ; 1822, Joseph Grate was elected, and served until his decease, in 1826; John C. Brodrick was appointed his successor, who served one year, and was then elected. He was succeeded, in 1839, by Frederick Cole; 1845, Smithson E. Wright was elected, and served until 1849; he was succeeded by Holdemond Crary; 1853, John M. Pugh was elected ; 1857, John Phillips; 1862, Matthias Martin ; 1866, Dennis B. Strait; 1868, S. E. Kile; 1874, Levi T. Strader; 1878, E. Kiesewetter, presesent incumbent. COUNTY TREASURERS. This office was first filled by appointment, by the asso- ciate judges, and next by the county commissioners. On January 24, 1827, an act was passed by the legislature, providing for the biennial election of a treasurer. In 1803, Jacob Grubb was appointed treasurer, and held the office until 1827; June, 1827, Christian Heyl was appointed, and served until 1833, when George Mc- Cormick was elected; he was succeeded, in 1835, by William Long. Following is the succession until the present: 1841, Joseph McElvain; 1845, Joseph Leiby; 1851, O. P. Hines; 1855, James H. Stauring,; 1859, John G. Thompson; 1863, Joseph Falkenbach; 1867, Aaron C. Hadley, who resigned, and James E. Wright was appointed to fill vacancy, August 6, 1869; 1870, Lo- renzo English; 1872, James E, Wright; 1877, P. W. Corzilius, present incumbent. COUNTY RECORDERS. Since 1831 this officer has been elected, biennially, by the people. Prior to that time the office was filled by appointment, by the judge of the court of common pleas. Lucas Sullivant was appointed to this office in 1804, and continued until 1807. He was succeeded by Adam Ho- sack, who held the office until 1813, when Lincoln Goodale was appointed. He was succeeded, in 1817, by Abram J. McDowell, who continued until the office was made elective. In 1831, William T. Martin was elected. He remained an incumbent of the office until 1846, October zoth, of which year, Nathan Cole was elected recorder, and has continued an occupant of the office ever since. COUNTY COLLECTORS. This office existed from the organization of the county until 1827, when it was abolished, and the treasurer re- quired to collect the taxes. For perhaps the first three years of the existence of Franklin county, the chattel tax was received by township collectors, while the county collector attended to the land tax. From about 1806 to 1820, the State was divided into four districts, and a collector in each district appointed by the legislature, for non-resident land tax, while the collection of the chattel and resident land tax devolved upon the county collectors, and from 1820 until 1827, all taxes were collected by the county collectors. Following is the succession in this office: 1803, Benjamin White; 1804, Adam Hosack ; 1808, Elias N. Delashmut; 1811, John M. White; 1812, 46 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND © PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Samuel Shannon; 1815, Francis Stewart; 1818, Jacob Kellar; 1822, Andrew Dill; 1823, Arora Buttles; 1824, Peter Sells; 1826. Robert Brotherton, who continued , until the office was abolished. COUNTY ASSESSORS. This office was created by act of legislature passed February 3, 1825, prior to which each township elected an assessor at the annual spring election. January 16, 1827, an act was passed requiring the county commis- sioners to appoint an assessor, who was to serve until the October election, when the office was filled by election. March 20, 1841, the office was abolished, and an assessor elected in each township, as at present. Following are the names of the persons who have filled the office of county assessor: James Kilbourne, 1825 to 1827; John Swisher, 1827 to 1835; James Graham, 1835 to 1837, and William Domigan, from 1837 , to 1839. COUNTY SURVEYOR. This office was filled by appointment by the court of common pleas until March 3, 1831, when an act was passed providing for the election of surveyor. The first surveyor was Joseph Vance, who was ap- pointed in 1803; he continued to occupy the position until his death, which occurred in 1824; Richard Howe was then appointed for one year; General McLene was appointed deputy until 1827, when he received the ap- pointment of surveyor. He served until 1832, when Lyne Starling, jr., was elected; he resigned in April, 1833, and Moses Smith was appointed to fill the vacancy. Following are the names of incumbents to this office until the present: 1833, Frederick Cole; 1836, Wiliam John- ston; 1839, Uriah Lathrop; 1842, John Graham; 1845, William Johnston; 1848, Jesse Cartright; 1854, W. W. Pollard; 1857, Daniel Hess, resigned; 1860, C. C. Wal- cutt, resigned, and Uriah Lathrop was appointed to fill vacancy; 1862, Uriah Lathrop; 1865, W. P. Brown; 1871, Josiah Kinnear; 1875, B. F. Bowen, who is the present incumbent. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. The first board of commissioners for Franklin county were elected in June, 1804, and their terms of service determined by lot, as follows: John Blair, until October, 1804 (clerk of the board); Benjamin Sells, until October, 1805; Arthur O’Harra, until October, 1806; 1804, Mi- chael lisher, clerk until 1809; 1805, Ezekiel Brown; 1806, Arthur O’Harra; 1807, Michael Fisher; 1808, James Marshal; 1809, Arthur O’Harra; 1810, Robert Armstrong (O’Hara, clerk); 1811, James Marshall (Adam Hosack, clerk); 1812, William Shaw (Adam Hosack, clerk); 1813, Robert Armstrong (G. Swan, clerk); 1814, James Marshal (Joseph Grate, clerk); 1815, William McElvain (J. A. McDowell, clerk until 1817); 1816, Rob- ert Armstrong, Samuel G. Flenniken; 1817, Joseph Grate, James Marshall; 1818, David Jamison ( Joseph Grate, clerk until 1820); 1819, George W. Williams; 1820, Joseph Grate. In 1821, the office of county audi- tor was created, and Joseph Grate appointed to that of- fice. He was, as at present, clerk of the board of com- missioners. 1821, Robert Armstrong, Horace Walcutt; 1822, James Marshall; 1823, Andrew Dill; 1824, Rob- ert Armstrong; 1835, William Stewart; 1826, John M- Walcutt; 1827, William McElvain; 1828, William Stew- art; 1829, Horace Walcutt, William Miller; 1830, Mat- thew Matthews; 1831, William Stewart; 1832, Horace Walcutt (died in 1833); 1833, John M. White, Matthew Matthews; Timothy Lee (appointed in place of White, deceased); 1834, Hiram Andrews (in place of Stewart); 1835, Robert Lysle; 1836, James Bryden; 1837, R. W. Cowles; 1838, John Tipton; 1839, James Bryden; 1840, William W. Kyle; 1841, Samuel S. Davis; 1842, John Greenwood; 1843, William W. Kyle; 1844, Samuel S. Davis; 1845, John Clark; 1846, Adams Stewart; 1847, Thomas J. Moorman; 1848, O. P. Hines; 1849, Jacob Slyh; 1850, Eli F. Jennings; 1851, Jesse Baughman; 1852, C. W. Speaks; 1853, Edward Livingston; 1854, Willis Mattoon; 1855, Theodore Comstock; 1856, Ed- ward Livingston; 1857, O. P. Hines (appointed in place of Mattoon, deceased), Isaac White; 1858, David L. Holton (resigned); 1859, Thomas Sparrow (appointed to fill vacancy), John Snider; 1860, Dennis B. Strait; 1861, Jacob Slyh; 1862, James W. Barbee; 1864, John M. Koerner; 1866, John G. Edwards; 1867, William Gulich, 1868, Eli M. Lysle; 1869, J. O. B. Renick; 1870, Fran- cis Collins (zzce Lysle, resigned); 1870, William Cooper (vice Gulich, resigned); 1870, Frederick Beck; 1871, John P. Bruch (ace Beck, resigned); 1872, Adin G. Hibbs; 1873, Francis Riley; 1874, Isaac S. Beekey; 1875, Daniel Matheny; 1876, Dennis B. Strait, present incumbent; 1877, Isaac S. Beekey, present incumbent; 1878, Daniel Matheny, present incumbent. INFIRMARY DIRECTORS. Jacob Grubb, Ralph Osborn, and P. B. Wilcox, were the first directors, and were appointed by the commis- sioners of Franklin county, in 1832. Of the appointive directors we find the names of James Walcutt, George B. Harvey, W. T. Martin, William Domigan. Directors were first elected at the annual State elec- tion in 1842. ‘They consisted of, George Frankenberg for one year, .\ugustus S. Decker for two years, and Robert Riorden for three years, who continued in office, by re-election, until 1848, when John Walton succeeded Riorden. 1849, $. D. Preston and Arthur O’Harra; 1852, Amos L, Ramsey; 1853, Rufus Main, -1854, Orin Backus; 1855, I. J. Moeller; 1856, John: Lysle; 1857, William Aston; 1859, James Legg; 1860, Moeller re- signed and John Greenleaf was appointed. The same year Newton Gibbons and Philemon Hess were elected. 1862, Fred Beck; 1867, Jacob Grau; 1868, Fred For- noff; 1869, Henry L. Siebert; 1870, W. H. Gaver; 1871, John Schneider; 1872, John H. Earhart; 1873, W. H. Gaver; 1874, John Schneider; 1875, John H. Earhart; 1876, W. H. Gaver; 1877, James Burns; 1878, John H. Earhart. he last three names are those of the present incumbents. je SUPERINTENDENTS OF INFIRMARY, Robert Cloud, appointed .in 1832 (resigned), was suc- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 47 ceeded by William King, who remained in charge until October; 1837. He was succeeded by Edward Heddon. 1844, Dr. C. F. Schenck; 1851, Joseph McElvain; 1852, Charles Jucksch; 1853, Joseph McElvain; 1854, Daniel Evans; 1857, Dr. L. J. Moeller; 1860, S. P. McElvain; 1869, J. J. Fanston; 1871, 5. P. McElvain. INFIRMARY PHYSICIANS. Drs. C. F. Schenck, L. J. Moeller, C. E. Denig, C. E. Boyle, Norman Gay, Starling Loring, John Dawson, C. H. W. Mahlmann, Van S. Seltzer, W. H. Drury. CORONERS, 1805, Joseph Dixon; 1807, William Domigan; 1815, Townsend Nichols; 1817, Thomas Kincaid; 1818, Robert Brotherton; 1819, William Richardson; 1821, Adam Brotherlin; 1825, Jacob Ebey; 1830, Jonathan Neereamer; 1835, George Jeffries; 1839, James Walcutt; 1843, A. W. Reader; 1845, Horton Howard; 1849, A. W. Reader; 1851, James W. Barbee; 1853, A. W. Reader; 1855, Elias Gaver; 1869, Patrick Eagan, who is the present incumbent. PICKAWAY COUNTY OFFICERS. PRESIDENT JUDGES. 1811, John Thompson; 1820, John A. McDowell; 1823, Gustavus Swan; 1829, Frederick Grimke; 1836, ‘John H. Keith; 1850, H. C. Whitman; 1852, James L. Bates; 1859, Robert M. Briggs, Alfred S. Dickey; 1864, James L. Bates; 1867, John L. Green; 1868, an addi- tional judge was ordered, and Joseph Olds was elected. The present judge is S. W. Courtwright, who was elected in 1875. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. 1811, William Seymour, Thomas Barr and Jacob Shoe- maker; 1825, William Florence and David Kinnear; 1830, Thomas Renick; 1831, Samuel Lybrand; 1838, John Entrekin, William McArthur and George Tallman; 1842, William Gill; 1845, William B. Thrall and John E. Vanmeter; 1847, Matthew McCrea and W. W. Bierce; 1849, Jacob D. Lutz. The last three named gentlemen continued in office until it was abolished by the adoption _ or the new constitution in 1852. CLERKS OF THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. James Denny was appointed to this office, at a special court, holden April 6, 1810, by William Seymour, Thomas Barr and Jacob Shoemaker, associate judges. He was succeeded, in 1816, by Andrew Huston, who served until 1830, when Samuel S. Denny was appointed for seven years, who resigned in 1831, and Andrew Huston was appointed to fill vacancy. 1835, William P. Darst; 1842, William McColloch; 1845. Samuel A. Moore; 1851, Silas J. Ambrose, who died in office, June 1, 1854. Henry W. Warner was appointed to fill vacancy occa- sioned by the death of Ambrose. He resigned June 7, 1854, and C. C. Neibling was appointed to fill vacancy. He was succeeded, in 1855, by Daniel W. McPherson. 1858, Jacob J. Schryver; 1864, Oscar Ormsby; 1867, Palmer Lowe; 1873, Robert C. Peebles, who died No- vember 14, 1878, and Fenley E. Dyas was appointed. Peter W. Brown, the present incumbent, assumed the duties on February 10, 1879. PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS The first to occupy this office was Richard Douglass, who was succeeded by R. Osborn in 1813; 1816, Joshua Folsom; 1820, Joseph Olds; 1824, Gerry W. Doane; 1826, Caleb Atwater; 1828, Joshua Folsom; 1832, John L. Green; 1838, Henry N. Hedges, sr.; 1840, Joseph | H. Geiger; 1841, Joseph Olds; 1842, Milton C. Canfield; 1844, John C. Groom; 1845, James Green; 1847, Jona- than Renick; 1852, Julius L. Wyman; 1854, Henry N. Hedges, sr.; 1856, Palmer C. Smith; 1858, Joseph Olds; 1862, Lewis H. Bond; 1864, C. B. Mason; 1866, Joseph Olds; 1868, Samuel W. Courtright ; 1872, Isaac N. Abernathy; 1876, Charles J. Delaplane, who is the present imcumbent. PROBATE JUDGES. This office was created by the new constitution of the State of Ohio, adopted in the fall of 1852. The first incumbent to this office was W. W. Bierce, who resigned, and Seymour G. Renick was appointed, and served until 1857, when Fred Cogswell was elected; 1863, John Walke; 1866, William C. Finkel; 1873, James Taylor, who died in office, and William C. Finkel was appointed, August 24, 1874; he was succeeded, the subsequent October, by John Walke; 1876, Henry N. Hedges, sr., who is the present incumbent. COMMISSIONERS. David Kinnear, Peter Apple and Jonathan Holmes were the first commissioners of Pickaway county, elected as per section three of the act creating the township; David Kinnear was appointed clerk; 1811, William Flor- ence commissioner, ze Peter Apple; David Kinnear clerk; 1814; Dan. Ludwig; 1817, Charles Cade; 1820, James Bell; 1821, Joseph Hedges; 1824, William King and David Leist; 1825, Adam Nigh; 1827, James Moore; 1828, Joseph Hays; 1829, David Leist; 1830, Daniel Dresbach and John Boggs; 1831, Isaac Radcliff and Jacob Zieger; 1832, John Mills; 1833, Daniel Dresbach ; 1834, Jacob Lindsey and Jeremiah Brown; 1836, David Leist; 1837, Robert Reid; 1838, Peter Miller and Joseph Hays; 1839, Elliott Halstead and Henry Reedy; 1840, Peter Miller; 1841, Elliott Hallstead; 1842, James Porter; 1843, Jacob D. Lutz and S. R. Dawson; 1844, Nathan Denny; 1845, Nelson Crouse; 1846, Noble Porter and Benjamin F. Renick; 1848, Ezekial Morris; 1849, Joseph Hurst; 1850, John Yates; 1851, Ezekial Morris; 1852, John Boggs, jr.; 1853, John Crow; 1854, Ezekial Morris; 1855, John Walker; 1856, Z. N. Mor- gan; 1857, John Crow; 1858, John Morris; 1859, Jacob Hitler; 1860, William Fleming; 1861, C. F. Machir; 1862, James Reber; 1863, Joseph Hedges and Wm. J. Cochran; 1864, Samuel Strouse; 1865, C. F. Machir; 1866, Horace Keyes; 1868, Samuel Strouse; 1869, John Ruth; 1870, Horace Keyes. 1871, William Doane; 1872, John Ruth; 1873, Jackson Thomas; 1874, Jackson Hoover; 1875, J. S. Neff; 1876, Jackson Thomas; 1877, Jackson Hoover; 1878, J. S. Neff; 1879, Daniel Ludwig. 48 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. AUDITORS. David Kinnear was, in 1810, appointed clerk for the commissioners; 1820, George Wolfly. June 4, 1821, David Kinnear, having resigned the office of commis- sioner, was appointed auditor for Pickaway county, and elected to the same office the following October. 1825, Samuel S. Denny; 1827, William McArthur; 1829, Joseph Hedges; 1834, Nelson Franklin; 1837, Thomas W. Morris, who deceased, and Thornton ‘Tl. Vanmeter was appointed, July 28, 1840. He was succeeded, the subsequent fall, by Henry N. Hedges, jr. 1848, William M. McColloch, deceased, and Hiram Belson appointed, 1849. 1851, George Hetherington; 1855, Benjamin Bowman; 1859, Orsamus E. Niles; 1861, Conrad F. Bitzer; 1865, William Bowman; 1869, Edwin E. Win- ship; 1874, Henry B. Morris; 1878, Frank M. Shulze, present incumbent; M. A. Sweétman, deputy auditor. TREASURERS. Henry Nevill was appointed to this office, by the county commissioners, April 26, 1810. He was suc- ceeded by Peter Apple, in 1811. The following are the succession until the present: 1816, John Ludwig; 1828, John Ely; 1831, William McCulloch; 1833, William McArthur; 1837, S. Diffenderfer; 1839, Nelson Frank- lin; 1841, John Denny (deceased); 1842, Hiram Belson; 1849, Thomas Campbell; 1853, William C. Taylor was appointed to fill vacancy, zzce Campbell, deceased; 1853, John B. Moore, who deceased, and, January 10, 1857, William Doane appointed to fill vacancy, elected the previous Octoker; 1860, James Dawson; 1864, Robert Morrow; 1868, Peter Huber; 1872, James Harsha; 1876, John L. Seall, present incumbent. RECORDERS, The first recorder of Pickaway county was William H. Puthuff, who was appointed April 6, 1810, by the asso- ciate judges of the county. 1813, Johnson Hunter; 1819, John Ely; 1823, George Wolfly; 1824, Joseph Kin- near; 1831, William McArthur; 1834, Daniel Dresbach, who died in 1850, on October 1st, of which year, Amos C. Bright was appointed to fill the vacancy. In the fall of 1851, Adam Kinney was elected; 1854, John Schleich; | 1857, Jacob Firor; 1863, J. Wesley Rice; 1866, ‘l'erence C. Lynch, deceased, and, on January 28, 1875, Josiah B. Valentine was appointed to fill the vacancy. He was elected to the office the subsequent fall, and is the pres- ent incumbent. The first act of the recorder was the entering upon the record (book A, pages 1 and 2), of a conveyance by Henry Massie and Helen, his wife, to George Renick (all of Ross county), a tract of land lying on the upper side of Darby creek, in Pickaway county, containing eight hundred acres, the consideration for which was two thousand dollars; which instrument was acknowl- edged before John G. McCan, justice of the peace. This land was situated in Jackson township. SHERIFFS. James Renick was appointed to this office, and gave bond to the county commissioners, April 21, 1810, in the sum of four thousand dollars. 1814, Samuel Lybrand; 1816, Charles Botkin; 1820, Francis Kinnear; 1825, Joseph Hedges; 1828, John Shoup; 1832, Jonathan Ellis; 1834, Augustus L. Perrill; 1836, M. H. Alkire; 1840, Jerome Wolfly; 1844, M. H. Alkire; 1848, Henry H. Howard, (died of cholera); 1850, John Boyer; 1854, Jacob H. Carper; 1858, Andrew Poulson ; 1860, Patrick H. Delaplane; 1864, Wm. E. Bolin; 1868, Caleb Hall; 1872, Isaac M. Griest; 1876, Charles F. Hartmeyer, who is the present incumbent. CORONERS. John McNeal, first incumbent to this office, gave bond April 21, 1810. He was succeeded, in 1817, by John Ely. 1818, John Ludwig. The records are so imperfect of this office that we are unable to give the regular suc- cession. We, however, find that the following have filled the office of coroner: John Irwin, John Hedges, Eleazur Kirkbride, Henry H. Howard, John Boyer, H. Dayton, George Hammel, W. H. Sturgeon, Jacob A. Long, Rol- lin Fletcher, and Jason Case, the present incumbent, who was elected the fall of 1875. SURVEYORS. The records of this office are also imperfect. ing are the names of such incumbents as we are able to procure: Jacob W. Burget, Samuel Lutz, Samuel and Daniel Kinnear, Philo N. White, Henry Gilbreathe, James Keyes, L. H. Sweetman and W. C. Rowe. COUNTY ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS. April 26, 1810, Samuel Lybrand was appointed to this office; 1814, Asahel Heath; 1815, John Levell; 1817, Charles Botkin; 1818, Francis Kinnear; 1819, John Levill; 1821, Aaron Sullevan: 1824, William King ap- pointed, refused to act, and Peter Lutz was appointed to fill vacancy; 1825, Thomas Renick; 1827, John T. Davenport; 1831, James Moore; 1837, William Littleton; 1840, Jacob D. Lutz. CHAPTER XI. EARLY MAILS AND STAGES. Follow- -: Se For eight or ten years after the settlements were begun ~ in Franklin and Pickaway counties; there was no post: ~ office nearer than Chillicothe. It was a common thing for the people of Franklinton to raise means, by contri- butions, to send a man fifty miles to the post-office to mail their letters, and bring back those that might be in the office. The first mail carrier between Chillicothe and Frank- linton was Andrew McElvain, who, when a boy, emigrated with his father from Kentucky, in the year 1797. He was employed, when thirteen years old, as mail messen- — ger, by Adam Hosack, who was the contractor and post- master. This was in 1805. The route was upon the west side of the Scioto. Mail matter was sent weekly. The carrier left Franklinton Friday, stayed over night at Dolan ‘ HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 49 Markley’s mill, on Darby creek, and the next day reached Chillicothe, and returned as far as Darby creek. Sunday night he reached Franklinton. When the route was first established there was no post-office between Chillicothe and Franklinton, but, during the first winter, there was one established at Westfall, and, later, at Markley’s mill. Sometime after this, a mail came directly from the east to Columbus. After the Cumberland road had been con- structed, travel, which, up to that time, had been by the way of Wheeling, Lancaster and Chillicothe, to Lime- stone, upon Zane’s trace, cut by order of Congress, in 1796, was diverted to Columbus, and lines of stage coaches began to bring mails and passengers with more frequency and rapidity. During the administration of John McLene as post- »master general, and about the year 1825, William Neil, then cashier in the Franklin national bank, of Columbus, ‘became a mail contractor and stage proprietor, having as chief associate his brother, Robert, who is still living in Columbus. Out of this firm grew the Ohio Stage company, which continued for a number of years in act- ive existence, and did a large business. After its disso- lution, the firm of Neil, Moore & Company was formed, which, for a term of about twenty years, beginning early in the thirties, was the most extensive company of mail contractors and stage proprietors in the western country, and, perhaps, in the United States. This firm carried mail and ran stages over all the leading roads in Ohio, including that from Cincinnati to Wheeling, and points as far east as Erie and Buffalo. Lines were also extended north to Detroit, and west to Indianapolis, and, perhaps, even farther. The general result of the operations of this company was that of making Columbus the center of the stage and mail system for Ohio, western New York and the States of the great northwest. The company was very prosperous. The business was under the almost constant management of William Neil until 1846, or the following year, he being the chief owner. About the year above designated, Mr. Neil retired from the com- pany, transferring his interest to his children, who, in conjunction with others, continued the business until the stage coach was superseded by the railroad. Associated with Mr. Neil were a number of prominent business men, among them being William S. Sullivant and David W. Deshler, who, for a number of years, was ‘cashier and president of the Clinton, and other banks of Columbus. Mr. Neil, the proprietor of the immense stage system by which, for a long term of years, a great many travelers were brought into and through Columbus from all parts of the country, was a Kentuckian by birth, and came to Ohio in 1812, settling at Urbana. About 1816 he re- moved to Columbus, with which city he has been promi- nently identified, contributing as much as, and possibly more than, any other citizen, towards laying the firm foundation of its future growth. Beside the organization and management of the extensive ‘stage business, he had much to do with all of the leading railroads that cen- tered in Columbus, thus being one of the pioneers in the establishment of two successive and: successful means of | 7 communication. He was a man of extraordinary enter- prise, rare judgment, indomitable energy, and iron will. The time made by the stages in 1837, was forty-nine and a half hours from Columbus to Wheeling, and twenty-four and a half hours from Columbus to Cincin- nati. The horse express was put upon the road between Frederickston, Maryland, and Cincinnati on July, 1, 1837, and brought to the West special mails from New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. Each day and even- ing, at the hours for the arrival of the express mail, the people of Columbus gathered at their doors to see the fine blooded horses, ridden by boys, go through the streets on a run.* From the same authority on which the above state- - ment is based, we learn that the inaugral address of- President Polk, delivered March 4, 1845, was carried from Columbus to Cincinnati, by a special express pro- vided by Neil, Moore. & Company, the Voohes Bro- thers, and Peter Campbell, in the surprisingly short time of nine and a half hours; the whole time from Washing- ington to Cincinnati being forty-two hours. No faster mail time was ever made in Ohio than this, until the steam horse came into use. The horses made an aver- age of eleven and a half miles per hour. The stage line down the Scioto valley remained in op- eration until 1877, when it was outstripped by the railway. It was, at the time of its discontinuance, the longest stage line in the State of Ohio—a lingering relic of the bygone age, and the older travelers, who rode, in later years, in its comfortable carriages over the excellent turnpike, were carried back, in their recollections, to the era when such was the common mode of journeying. This stage line was always a great source of convenience to the people of Portsmouth, Chillicothe, Circleville and the smaller villages along the route, and to the business man or vis- itor who wished to reach those places, or Columbus. It was well patronized, and a source of profit to its several owners. The facts of its early history we have been un- able to obtain. Colonel John Madeira, of Chillicothe, was the original owner, and he sold out to Darius Tall- madge, of Lancaster, who superintended the business for several years. In April, 1830, Dr. M. G. Krieder and Col. J. A. Hawkes purchased the Columbus and Portsmouth stage line of Mr. Tallmadge. They ran stages daily, as was required by the post-office department, and carried seven mails a week. After two years of earnest solicitation by the proprietors, the postmaster general consented to the discontinuance of the Sunday mail. The trip was then abandoned, and one day given to rest, and the fact devel- oped itself that horses could do more work in six days than in seven, and remain in better condition. Dr. Krieder died in 1854. Some time prior to his death, Colonel Hawkes purchased his (Krieder’s) interest, and associated with himself Dr. W. B. Hawkes. In 1855 the managers commenced running two stages a day between Columbus and Chillicothe, and increased their stock to one hundred horses. Branch lines, or “feeders,” were » Henry C. Noble, esq., Historical Address. 50 established, and omnibuses were brought into use at Co- lumbus, Circleville and Chillicothe. The line continued under the same management, that of Colonel Hawkes, from the time of his purchase (1858) until 1877. During these twenty-seven years’ operations, the amount of corn consumed by the horses was three hundred and sixty thousand bushels, and the amount of hay, twelve thou- sand tons. The total expenditures reached the enormous sum of one million two hundred and fifty thousand dol- lars, and there were carried over one million two hundred thousand passengers, no one of whom ever met with any injury, CHAPTER XIL. THE OHIO CANAL. Ir was in 1820 that public opinion first began to be stirred upon the necessity of a permanent water commu- nication between the Ohio river and Lake Erie. Although an act relating to the subject of a canal had been passed by the general assembly two years before, and private in- dividuals had endeavored to get charters for companies, there had been no general movement for the accomplish- ment of this purpose, and it was not until the fall of 1821 that the first step was taken in the series that really led to the construction of the Ohio canal. At that time, Micajah T. Williams, of Cincinnati, who had been re- elected, by the people of Hamilton county, to a seat in the house of representatives, began to sound the minds of members upon the subject of the improvement we have under consideration, and, in the following December, he introduced a resolution, which provided for the care- ful consideration of so much of the governor’s message as related to canals. The resolution was passed, and Messrs. Williams, Howe, Thomas Worthington, W. H. Moore, and John Shelby, were appointed the committee. The members of this committee attendéd strictly to their duty, and Mr. Williams, as its chairman, in January, 1822, presented an elaborate report, recommending the passage of a law authorizing an examination into the practicability of connecting the river and lake by a canal. Immediately after the reading of the report, Mr. Williams introduced a bill, which finally, after much opposition, passed the house and the senate, and became a law on the thirty-first of December, 1822. ‘I'he commissioners named in the act were Benjamin Tappan, Alfred Kelly, Thomas Worthington, Ethan A. Brown, Jeremiah Mor- row, Isaac Minor, and Ebenezer Buckingham, jr. Jer- emiah Morrow, having been elected governor of the State, resigned his position upon the board, and Micajah T. Williams was appointed to his place. This board ap- pointed the acting commissioners and the engineers. The commissioners at first employed Hon. James Geddes, of Onondaga, New York, who arrived in Columbus in June, 1822, having already made an examination of the Cuyahoga summit. In the following spring and summer HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND | | \ ' | i 1 | | PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. : Mr. Geddes surveyed a distance of nine hundred miles, being assisted by Samuel Forror, and by the commis- sioners themselves, They continued the examination of canal routes during 1823, and the following year, and early in 1825, determined upon the route commencing at Cleveland, and ending at Portsmouth, on the Ohio river. They also determined on making a canal from Cincinnati to Dayton. In the meantime a board of canal fund commissioners had been created by law, and money had been borrowed, in New York city, in sufficient quantity to carry on the work of excavation for the first year. Messrs. Kelley and Williams were appointed acting com- missioners, and David S. Bates, of Rochester, New York, as chief engineer. On the 8th of June, 1825, a public meeting of citizens, from various parts of the State, was held in Columbus, to adopt means for celebrating, with appropriate ceremo- nies, the commencement of constructing the Ohio canal. At this meeting Governor Morrow presided, and James K. Corry was secretary. A committee of arrangements was appointed, consisting of John C. Wright, of Jeffer- son county; Abram J. McDowell, of Franklin; Duncan McArthur, of Ross; Alexander Holmes, of Licking; Willis Silliman, of Muskingum; John Barr, of Pickaway; Daniel Shorton, of Knox; Charles C. Hood, of Perry; Adam Johnston, of Coshocton, and William W. Irvin, of Fairfield. The committee fixed upon the fourth oi July as the time, and the Licking summit as the place, for the great demonstration. ‘They also designated Thomas Ewing as the orator, the Rev. Ahab Jenks as the Chaplain, and General Adam Johnson and Colonels Sam F. McCracken and Abram J. McDowell as marshals for the occasion. Invitations were exteded to, and ac- cepted by, Governor Clinton, General VanRensaellaer, and Messrs. Lord and Rathburn, of New York. The arrangements were made in a very satisfactory manner. On the fourth of July, 1825, Jewett Clinton broke ground on the Licking summit, beginning the great work of connecting the Ohio with Lake Erie. The place was about four miles west of Newark. ‘The day was fine, a good omen for the success of the mighty undertaking, and the large concourse of people were in most enthu- siastic spirits. Governor Clinton, Governor Morrow, the several aids of cach, who were present, and the State officers, went to the summit, and each and every one re- moved a few shovelfuls of earth. After this ceremony was performed, the Hon. Thomas Ewing delivered an address to Governor Clinton and the people. Governor Clinton responded in glowing terms, predicting a glorious future for Ohio, and was frequently interrupted by loud outbursts of applause. When he had concluded speak- ing there was a general and spontaneous expression of the enthusiasm of the people, and “one hundred guns told the people that the Ohio canal was begun.” So great and overcoming were the demonstrations of respect and gratitude, and so overpowering the applause, that — Governor Clinton, it is said, wept. A dinner was served in the shade of the spreading beech trees that surrounded the little clearing that had been made for the celebration § of the day, and toasts were drunk and many fine things HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTITES, OHIO. 51 said. ‘When Governor Clinton’s health was drunk, all the guns were fired, and the small arms too.” ‘Thus was the Ohio canal auspiciously commenced. ‘The vast work begun in 1825, was not finished until 1832, and it cost over five millions. It has a minimum breadth of forty feet at water line, and twenty-six at the bottom, with a depth of four feet of water. In many places it exceeds these measurements. The walls of the locks are of solid masonry, which, as well as the culverts, are of fine con- struction and great solidity. The length of the main line is three hundred and seven miles. It has a navig- able feeder of fourteen miles to Zanesville, one of eleven miles to Columbus, one of nine miles to Lancaster, one of fifty miles to Athens, the Waldhonaig branch of twenty-three miles, besides other short branches. Chief Justice Chase, in his history of Ohio, says: “The effect of these improvements on the prosperity of the State cannot be developed in a few sentences. They have afforded the farmer of the interior an easy access to market, and have enhanced the value of his farm and his productions. They have facilitated intercourse between different sections of the State, and have thus made the people more united, as well as prosperous. They have furnished to the people a common object of generous satisfaction. They have attracted a large accession of population and capital. And they have made the name of the State of Ohio well known throughout the civilized world as a name and character of which her sons may be justly proud.” Although Governor Clinton’s predictions as to the profitableness of the Ohio canal were not fulfilled, the improvement undoubtedly paid the people of Ohio well for their investment. An effect worthy of mention in connection with this subject and, indeed, directly con- nected with it, is the change wrought in the policy of the State by the creation of the public debt. This was caused and compelled by the construction of the canals. A-ccomplete revision of the system of taxation in Ohio resulted. Before passing from this subject we must allude to those occurrences in the history of the Ohio canal which were of great interest to the people of Columbus and Circleville and their vicinities. Work upon the branch, or feeder, from Lockbourne to Columbus, known as “the Columbus side cut,” was commenced on the thirtieth day of April, 1827, with marked ceremony. of that day the people of Columbus assembled at the State house. A procession was formed, consisting of several military companies, and the State officers, and marshalled by Colonels McDowell and McElvain, marched to the river. A short address was delivered by Judge Joseph R. Swan. General McLene, the then secretary of state, and Nathaniel McLean, keeper of the peniten- tiary, removed the first shovelfuls of earth, and it was wheeled from the ground by R. Osborne, auditor of State, and H. Brown, State treasurer, while the people loudly applauded. A lunch was afterwards served by C. Heyl, on the brow of the hill, a few yards north of the peniten- tiary square. Among the toasts drank was this: “. The Ohio Canal—the great artery which will carry vitality to the extensive cities of the Union.” In the afternoon . ' less than one week. The heaviest jobs were the dam across the Scioto and the Columbus locks, the four-mile locks and the locks at Lockbourne. The first mile from the river was excavated by penitentiary convicts, who worked under guard, and many of them received remitments of their sentences for their faithful labor. But little advancement was made until 1829, when Nathaniel Medbury and John Field took charge of the work, and pushed it ahead with all of the rapidity possi- ble, and consistent, with thoroughness. It was finished in September, 1831, and upon the twenty-third of that month the first canal boat, ‘Governor Brown,” with a number of leading citizens of Pickaway county on board, arrived from Circleville. The people of Columbus, in large numbers, visited the boat, exchanged greetings with the passengers, and expressed much interest in the new means of communication opened up between the two towns. The arrival of the boat was considered quite an event. It was the beginning of what proved to be a large and long-continued commerce. Two or three days after the arrival of the first boat, the boats “ Cincinnati” and the “ Red Rover,” both from the lake, by the way of Newark, entered the Columbus side-cut, where they were met by a committee appointed for the purpose. A national salute of twenty-four guns was fired, and then, while the Columbus band was play- ing its most inspiring airs, the boats proceeded to a point just below the national road bridge. Arrived there, an address was delivered by Colonel Doherty. A procession was then formed, and the whole company, going to Mr, Ridgway’s warehouse, partook of a collation prepared by Mr. John Young. A third boat arrived not long after, and was given a similar salute and welcome. On the following day, the boats, having discharged their cargoes, took their departure for Cleveland, under ceremonies similar to those that had been observed on their arrival. Many ladies and gentlemen were passengers as far as the four-mile locks. There they met the “Chillicothe ” and “George Baker,” upon which they returned home. The canal branch to Columbus, from Lockbourne, cost, in- cluding the dam across the Scioto, about fifty-five thou: sand dollars. About the twenty-fourth of May, 1828, came a crisis, says the Herald, on the issue of which depended the for- tune, or the fate, of Circleville. The location of the Ohio canal past the town was then to be made. A variety of routes had been suggested, and all save three rejected. The location of the aqueduct necessarily carried with it the location of the canal for some distance adjoining, at each end, and three points were proposed for its site, viz: Keffer’s point, below the mouth of Darby and above Hargus creek; the Circleville point, where the aqueduct now stretches across the Scioto, and a point just below the mouth of Yellow Bud. The contest narrowed down to a rivalry between the Keffer’s point location and Circleville, with the advantage in favor of the former; for by that route the canal would cost seven thousand dollars less than by the Circleville way. The location was to be fixed, and the line placed under contract, in It was a question of life or death 52 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. to Circleville, and the fate of Westfall, Livingston and Jefferson—towns of some note when Circleville was laid out, but now cultivated fields—also hung upon the de- cision of location. Should the canal cross at Keffer’s, it was apparent that its proximity to Circleville would be just sufficient to prove fatal to the interests of the town, and too remote to secure to it any advantages. The odds of seven thousand dollars against the town, it was decided, must be overcome. Messrs. Kelley and Will- iams, the acting commissioners of the canal, proposed that if the citizens of Circleville would raise one-half of the amount of the extra cost, they should have the loca- tion. This was a large sum, to be raised in a place of the then size of Circleville, but the people took hold of it with a will, and in less than a week the /eva/d was en- abled to announce the success of the project, with an enthusiastic “Att Hain!” On the thirtieth of May the construction of so much of the canal as lay between Circleville and the Deer creek crossing, was put under contract. ; That portion of the canal passing through Franklin, Pickaway, Ross, Scioto and Pike counties, was of much more value to the people along its line, than some other sections of the Ohio canal. Its usefelness was’ not so soon supersceded by the railroad, and the amount of traffic was well kept up until the building of the Scioto Valley railroad. CHAPTER XIII. _FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY TURNPIKES. THe Columbus and Portsmouth turnpike is a thorough- fare that has been of vast accommodation and use to all the people along the Scioto valley. It is, all the way from Columbus to Portsmouth, a good gravel roadway. possible to construct them after the repeal of the law by which the State became a stockholder of one-half of the whole property, that is subscribing as much as all others combined. The Cumberland, or National road, which was built as far as Columbus about 1836, was made of stone, set upon edge, was perfectly straight, and thor- oughly graded. The culverts were all of cut stone. This road cost about fifteen thousand dollars per mile. The road built about 1840, from the east to the west side of Pickaway county, cost five thousand dollars per mile. When the Columbus and Portsmouth turnpike was incor- porated, a sufficient sum of money to build it upon the old plan could not be raised by subscription. William Renick, of Circleville, proposed a different plan—one much cheaper, but good enough for all practical purposes. The road was constructed, after long delay, upon the plan suggested and urged by him, and was the first of the kind in the State of Ohio, or west of the Alleghenies. Mr. Renick proposed that clean, unscreened gravel should be laid down on the line of the old road, except where it was necessary to straighten it, the gravel to be put on to the depth of four to six inches at each covering, until the road was covered with ten or twelve inches of gravel, each covering to be well packed and smoothed before the next was put on. He insisted that an ordinarily good road could be built on this plan at an expense not to ex- ceed one thousand, two hundred dollars per mile, not equal to the perfectly constructed Macadam road, but such a road as would give all the advantages of the same, and with a little attention in repairs, would be kept so. Mr. Renick found no one to agree with him. In fact, the directors of the road deemed his plan so chimerical, that, during his absence east, they let the grading of ten miles of the road to a Mr. Robinson, who was a practical road-maker, on the old plan. On Mr. Renick’s return home ho so discouraged Mr. Robinson about his ever being paid for a road of that character, that he, Robinson, threw up his contract, although he had been at work on the road for a week or more, with considerable force. The directors then re-let the road to Mr. Robinson to grade, gravel and finish, for the same price per rod that the grading alone had been contracted for. Thus, the directors were compelled to adopt essentially the plan proposed by Mr. Renick.. There was no help for it; there could not be money enough raised to make a more ex- pensive road. Much comment, quizzing and unfavorable criticism was made during the progress. In fact, Mr. Goodman, who was deeply interested in the road, ac- knowledged that, at times, he felt ashamed of their road. In time, several sections were finished and put into use. The experiment was a success. The road became sooner packed, was less rough, and constructed at a cost not exceeding one thousand, two hundred dollars per mile, bridges included. The road from Circleville to Chilli- cothe was thus completed, and Mr. Robinson, the con- tractor, spent his life in building roads of the same char- acter in other sections of Ohio. ‘The company was incorporated by an act of the general | assembly of the State, passed February 7, 1831, and Sam- The great expense of the turnpike roads made it im- — ucl M. Tracy, William Kendall, Ezra Osborn, John Pee- bles, Nathan R. Clough and John Noel, of Scioto, county; John J. Vanmetcr, James B. Turner, William Blackstone and Robert Lucas, of Pike county ; James F. Worthing ton, David Crouse, ‘Thomas J. McArthur, Thomas James, George Renick and Anthony Walhe, of Ross county; Andrew Huston, G. W. Doan, George Crook and John Cockran, of Pickaway county, and Joseph Ridgeway, Lincoln Goodale, Samuel Parnus, Robert W. McCoy and Joel Buttles, of Franklin county, were the commissioners named insaidact. The said act was revised and amended several times before the completion of the road, and said road was built through this county in 1849 and 1850. The company divided the road into sections, or divisions, and these sections had their boards of directors, collected their tolls, kept up the repairs, and made dividends. From Columbus to the intersection with the Zanesville and Marysville turnpike, five miles north of Chillicothe, constitutes the northern division, and of this Dr. M. Brown has been president since 1848. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 53 OTHER TURNPIKES IN PICKAWAY COUNTY.* The Circleville and Washington turnpike caused, when it was constructed, a great stir. Intelligence of the pas- sage of the bill incorporating the Circleville and Wash- ington Turnpike Company was received on February 25, 1839, at sunset, as is shown by the old Circleville Herald, and in half an hour after, the paper continues, the court house was brilliantly illuminated, and some six hundred citizens met spontaneously, to exchange congratulations on that event. The town council met in special session, and adopted resolutions felicitating their constituents. The required amount of stock having beenyprocured, and notice given, the company was fully organized, on the . eighteenth of May, by the election of John Leist, Philip B. Doddridge, Andrew Huston, Joseph Olds, W. B. Thrall, George Radcliffe and James Kirkpatrick as direc- tors. This board subsequently appointed Joseph Olds president ; George W. Doan, secretary, and Marcus Brown, treasurer. The Circleville and Adelphi turnpike company was in- corporated by an act of the general assembly of the State of Ohio, passed February 24, 1848, and the corporators named in the act were William Gill, Charles Shoemaker, Samuel Seals, Elias T. Leist, J. G. Doddridge, William P. Darst, N. S. Gregg and James Bell, of the county of Pickaway; and Samuel Hanniger, John Patterson and David Holderman, of the county of Ross. The capital stock was not to exceed thirty thousand dollars, divided into shares of ten dollars. The first meeting of the corporators was held in the city of Circleville, May 8, 1848, at which time William P, Darst was chosen chairman, and T. C. Jones secretary. The first meeting of the stockholders, for the election of directors, was held at the Carlisle house, in Circleville, June 29, 1850, when William P. Darst, William Gill, P. B. Doddridge, T. C. Jones and Jacob D. Lutz were elected directors. The said directors subsequently or- ganized by electing T. C. Jones president; S. A. Moore, secretary; and N. W. Doddridge, treasurer. Six miles of the road being completed, the board of directors, on the ninth day of December, 1851, appointed the first - gate-keeper for the toll-gate near Circleville, and ordered tolls to be taken. In 1853 and 1854 the road was extended to a point north of Adelphi, where the Salt Creek Valley turnpike begins. In 1855 the road was finished to Adelphi. The cost of building the entire road was over twenty thousand dollars, of which thirteen thousand, two hundred and twenty dollars were paid by subscriptions, in the form of .stock, and the remainder with the money received as tolls. The present directors are, James A. Hawkes, Daniel M. Pontious, Solomon Riegel, Robert Patterson and Samuel Lutz. The latter has held the office continuous- ly since April 9, 1853. The present officers are, James A. Hawkes, president; Samuel Lutz, secretary; and J. A. Lutz, treasurer. This turnpike has been a valuable improvement, as it *The facts in regard to the turnpikes in Pickaway county are almost entirely ‘furnished by J. A. Lutz, esq. afords an outlet, at all seasons of the year, for the pro- duce of a large and fertile region of country. For a number of years J. A. Hawkes & Co. have run stages daily, carrying passengers and the mails between Circle- ville and Adelphi. The Circleville, Darbyville and London turnpike com- pany was incorporated by an act of the general assembly of the State of Ohio, passed March 14, 1849, and among the commissioners named were Nelson J. Turney, Sam- uel A. Campbell, Elias Florence, Felix Renick and Nelson Franklin. The first meeting of the stockholders was held at the National hall, in the city of Circleville, on the fifteenth day of May, 1856, at which the follow- ing directors were elected, viz.: Elias Florence, Thomas T. Renick, James R. Hulse, Nelson J. Turney and Samuel H. Ruggles. i On the seventeenth day of May, 1856, the directors elect met, and organized by electing Nelson J. Turney, president; Jonathan Renick, secretary; and John F. Jacobs, treasurer. Six miles of road was built by the company in 1856, and in 1865 it was extended to the village of Darbyville. From that place to London a fine turnpike was built in 1869. The capital stock is four- teen thousand, eight hundred and eighty dollars. The present board of directors consists of A. Hulse, L. E. Scovil, J. N. Renick, S. A. Moore and P. C. Smith. A. Hulse is president, and B. H. Moore, secretary and treasurer. This road furnishes one of the principal outlets to market for the northwestern part of the county, and has paid four dividends on its stock. The Circleville and Kingston turnpike company was incorporated by an act of the general assembly of the State of Ohio, passed prior to 1850, and the corporators named in the act were Jacob D. Lutz and others. The ‘first meeting of the corporators was held August 6, 1851, when Jacob D. Lutz was chosen chairman, and T. C. Jones secretary. The first meeting of the stockholders, for the election of directors, was held March 27, 1852, at which time Jacob D. Lutz, Solomon Betz, Jacob Ludwig, Isaac E. Dresbach, and Samuel Evans, were elected directors. They organized the same day by electing Jacob D. Lutz, president; 5. A. Moore, sec- retary; and Michael May, treasurer. Five miles having been completed, tolls were ordered to be taken, April 1, 1853. In 1857 the road was fin- ished to Kingston. The construction of the turnpike cost about twelve thousand dollars. Eleven thousand of this is represented by stock. This road connected with the Zanesville and Maysville turnpike at Kingston, and was used by Hawkes & Co.’s stage line between Portsmouth and Columbus. The present directors are M. E. Dresbach, Jacob Lud- wig, Jacob Hitler, Henry Piper, and Thomas McGrady; and the officers are, M. E. Dresbach, president; J. D. Lutz, secretary; and Samuel H. Evans, treasurer. The Zanesville and Maysville turnpike company was incorporated by an act passed March 7, 1836. Among the incorporators were Otis Ballard, John Herman, Thomas J. Winship, and John Entrekin, of Pickaway 54 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. county. ‘The first meeting of the corporators was held at Chillicothe, June 8, 1836, and John Entrekin was pres- ent. At this meeting the following persons were chosen to solicit subscriptions to the stock in Pickaway county: Henry May, sr., Thomas J. Winship, John Harman, Otis Ballard, Charles Shoemaker, James Black, Henry Haller, M. Taylor, John Shoemaker, and John Cox. The first board of directors was elected at Chillicothe, in 1838, but no member was chosen from Pickaway. Samuel F. McCracken was elected president. One treasurer was chosen for each county—Otis Ballard for Pickaway., In July, 1840, superintending committees were appointed for each county. That for Pickaway was composed of John A. Fulton, John A. Nye, John Augustus, and William Sill. In May, 1840, John A. Fulton, of Pickaway, was elected to the board of directors, and in 1842 J. Adams Nye was also chosen as a director. upon the road was suspended. The affairs of the com- pany subsequently passed through various conditions of good and ill, and finally, in 1852, passed into the hands of a new company. H. H. Hunter was elected presi- dent, and P. B. Ewing secretary. Otis Ballard became one of the directors, and held the position until his death. The present officers of the company are, John D. Mar- tin, president, and P. B. Ewing, secretary and treasurer. The following is a list of free turnpikes in Pickaway county, and the date and cost of construction: New Holland and Waterloo................. 2000s 1868 $23,280 New Holland and Clarksburg..... 000 6.2... eee 1868 13,250 IDGUT Grek VOA esas cncde grign iets coord aia ee eA ea 1869 19,700 Bloomfield and Darbyville.......00.. 000... c eee eee 1869 Yankeetown and Circleville... 0.00. eee 1869 22,335 Darbyvillé and Londott., 2.0.0 c ese ses eeen enna eee 1869 24,000 Darbyville, Five points and Mt. Sterling........... .. 1869 26,140 Bloomfeldsand 'St,, Pauline sca wa taune ena adios teehee 8 1869 12,175 Williamsport and Darbyville.............0 02... eee 1869 11,900 Yankeetown and Lester Mills............ ee oot 876 13,060 Scioto and Genoa.......,.... 1870 32,200 Walnut Creek, Circleville and Ashville ............... 1870 5 ,g28 TURNPIKES AND PLANK ROADS IN FRANKLIN COUNTY. The principal turnpikes in Franklin county, other than Cumberland, or National road, and the Columbus and Portsmouth pike, are the Columbus and Sandusky, Columbus and Harrisburg, Columbus and Johnstown, Columbus and Sunbury, Columbus and Groveport, Cottage Mills and Harrisburg, and the Jackson and Franklin, The first constructed, any part of which was in the county, was the Columbus and Sandusky pike. ‘The Legislature, in 1823, passed an act incorporating a joint stock company for the construction of this road, consist- ing of the following men: John Kitbourne, Abram J. McIowell, Henry Brown, William Neil, Orange John- son, Orris Parrish, and Robert Brotherton, of Franklin county, and nineteen others residing along the proposed line, in the vicinity of Delaware, Bucyrus and Sandusky. The capital was to be one hundred thousand dollars, and the company was authorized to increase it, if necessary, to twice that amount. It was divided into shares of one hundred dollars each. By an act of congress, passed in 1827, over thirty-one thousand acres of land were granted, in trust, for the use of the company. The company’s The company be- ' came disabled, through lack of funds, in 1842, and work | charter required at least a width of eighteen feet of arti- ficial road to be made, “composed of stone, gravel, wood, or other suitable material, well compacted together, in such manner as to secure a firm, substantial and even road, rising in the middle, with a gradual arch.” Much trouble and hard feeling were caused by the different un- derstandings of this clause of the charter. The com- pany interpreted it to mean that a clay road could be constructed, and the general expectation of the public was, that in order to properly meet the requirements of the charter, the roadway must be composed of stone or gravel. ‘The road was not finished until seven years after it was commenced. It was one hundred and six miles in length, and cost nearly seventy-five thousand dollars, a little over seven hundred dollars per mile. It was a clay or mud pike, not so good as the needs of the large travel demanded,—in wet seasons, in some places quite impassable. When completed, Nathaniel Merriam, who was appointed for that purpose by the governor, made an examination of the road, and reported that, in his opin- ion, it was constructed in accordance with the provisions of the legislative act. This report, however, did not make the actual condition of the road any better, in the eyes of the people who were obliged to travel upon it, and the disapprobation was occasionally made manifest by the tearing down of the toll gates. Much bitterness of feeling was created, and the trouble bid fair to be con- tinued indefinitely, but in 1843 the legislature took hold -of the matter, and on the 28th of February, of that year, an act was passed whereby the charter of the company was unconditionally repealed. Although this act made it unlawful to maintain the toll system upon the road, the toll-gates were kept up, and tolls collected, until 1845, when an act was passed establishing the road to be a public highway, and authorizing a State road to be sur- veyed and located, upon the bed of the clay turnpike, from Columbus to Sandusky. The company, relying upon the report of the examiner, which had been favor- able to them, maintained that the acts of the legislature were unconstitutional, and numerous applications were made to succeeding legislatures for relief. They were unsuccessful, however, and the company, although trying by various means to secure its rights, failed to gain what it sought. The attorney general declared he thought a wrong had been done the company. ‘At the session of 1856-7 a bill passed the senate to authorize the company to bring suit against the State, but it was lost in the house. The Columbus and Worthington plank road, or turn- - pike company, was chartered by the legislature, March 3 23, 1849, to construct a plank road, or turnpike, from # Columbus to Worthington, with the privilege of extend- ing it to Delaware. The company consisted of Solomon . : Beers, John Phipps, John B. Piatt, Philip Fisher, Robert EF. Neil, and others. ‘The first directors were B. Comstock, William Neil and Alanson Bull. The company being | authorized to construct a road upon any public highway, chose the old bed of the Columbus and Sandusky turn- pike. The road was finished in 1850, and on the first of January, 1851, the first dividend was declared. The cap- ital stock of the company was twenty-seven thousand, eight HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND hundred and twenty-five dollars, with power to increase to fifty thousand dollars. The Columbus and Harrisburgh turnpike was con- structed in the years 1848 and 1849, by a company in- corporated in 1847. The capital stock was twenty thou- sand, eight hundred and fifteen dollars, and the road cost thirty-five thousand, six hundred and two dollars, of which amount the county donated four thousand, five hundred dollars, to pay for the erection of the bridge over the Scioto. The company was left largely in debt, to the payment of which, a portion of the receipts of the road were devoted. . The Columbus and Johnstown turnpike was constructed in 1851, from Columbus to Walnut creek, opposite the village of Bridgeport. The company of incorporators consisted of Robert Neil, Windsor Atchison, George Ridenour, Jesse Baughman and Walter Thrall, with their associates. The Columbus and Sunbury turnpike and plank road company was incorporated March 20, 1850, and con- structed a road, diverging from the above about three miles northwest of Columbus, and extending to Central College. This road was made in 1852, and cost nearly seven thousand dollars. The incorporators of the com- ‘pany were William Trevitt, Christian Heyl, Peter Agler, James Park, George Wagler, John Dill, Peter Harlocker, Timothy Lee, W. G. Edmison, John Curtiss, E. Wash- burn and Stillman Tucker. The Columbus and Granville turnpike, or, as it is com- monly called, Brush’s plank road, was made in 1852, from Columbus to Walnut creek, a distance of seven miles. The original members of the company were Jos. Ridgeway, Samuel Barr, Gates O’Harra, Wm. A. Platt and Samuel Brush. The fact that the last named gentle- man was the first president of the company, and held that place for many years, was the cause of the road re- ' - ceiving its name. The Columbus and Groveport turnpike company was incorporated by an act passed March 19, 1849, and con- sisted of William Harrison, Nathaniel Mesion, William H. Rarey, William Darnell, Edmund Stewart and William W. Kyle. About twelve thousand five hundred dollars’ worth of stock was subscribed, and the road was com- pleted in 1850, the cost exceeding that amount, and being paid out of the earnings of the road. The Cottage Mills and Harrisburgh turnpike was made in 1852, and is about seven and a half miles in length. The incorporators were Adin G. Hibbs, Levi Strader, Solomon Borer, Isaac Miller and William Nuff, and their associates. The first board of directors were S. B. Davis, A. G. Hibbs, Isaac Miller, Levi Strader and Solomon Borer; and the contractor was A. Poulson. The Franklin and Jackson turnpike was constructed from the Columbus and Harrisburgh pike down the river, to the Cottage Mills and Harrisburgh pike, a distance of ten miles, in 1852, at a cost of from seven to eight thou- sand dollars. The incorporators of the company were Samuel Landes, John Moler, Adam Miller, Jacob Huff- man, John Stimmel, John Cherry, William L. Miner, Michael L. Sullivant and Gershum M. Peters. i PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OH1O. 58 The Columbus and Lockwin plank road, commehcing at the intersection of the old harbor road with the Co- lumbus and Johnstown turnpike, and extending seven miles, was constructed in 1853 and 1854, the cost being sixteen thousand, five hundred dollars—almost two thou- sand, four hundred dollars per mile. It was very strongly made, of plank eight feet long and three inches thick, and on four-inch stringers. The Clinton and Bluden plank road company was organized under the general act passed in 1853, and in that and the following one the road was constructed. It runs from a point on the Lockwin road about four miles north of Columbus, and extends to the county line, half a mile north of Westerville, being a little over eight miles in length. The cost of construction was about sixteen thousand, six hundred dollars, or over two thousand dol- lars per mile. CHAPTER XIV. EARLY COMMERCE. * MicraTION to the territory embraced in Ohio com- menced with considerable activity about 1799, and from the admission of Ohio as a State of the Union, it became extraordinarily active up to about 1807 or 1808, Virginia, Pennsylvania and Connecticut furnishing the greater amount of immigrants, though all of the States furnished representatives. Among them there was but few specu- lators in large locations of land; most came to secure a home in the fertile State, intending by their own labor to improve and enjoy it. ‘There was comparatively little wealth in the hands of immigrants, and that little had to be expended in living, until the land should be cleared up and made productive. Many of the emigrants took boats on the Ohio, and in these they went down the river until they reached the Muskingum, the Hocking, the Scioto or Miami rivers, up which they worked their way to their. intended location. Floating down the Ohio was compar- atively easy, but pulling up the lateral streams was work indeed. Emigrants were not unfrequently delayed on the latter streams for want of sufficient depth of water. The principal places where families and merchants stopped to prepare for embarkation were Brownsville, or Redstone, Pittsburgh and Wheeling. ‘There were people in each of those places who made it their business to ac- commodate strangers descending the Ohio river, with any article that might be wanted, either provisions, farm- ing utensils or boats, at a cheap and reasonable price. There were large boat-yards at each of these places, where boats were generally well made and strong. The price varied according to their make, length and strength; one, convenient for a family, between thirty and forty fect in length, cost from one dollar to one dollar and a quarter per foot, making, perhaps, thirty-five dollars for a com- * By Judge Henry N. Hedges, of Circleville. 56 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND plete family boat, well boarded up on the sides and roofed to within seven or eight feet of the bows. Exclusive of this expense was the price of a cable, pump and fire-place, perhaps ten dollars more. (See aviator of 1818.) Besides these family boats, there were a number of keel boats on the Ohio and lateral rivers, used and employed by common carriers of merchandise, family goods, etc. It is said (in the Mazivator before referred to) that what added to the commerce of Cincinnati was the line of barges running regularly from that city to New Orleans, descending, loaded with the produce of the country, and returning with cargoes of sugar, coffee, rice, hides, wines, rum, and dry goods of various kinds, and cotton from Natchez. Messrs. Baum, Perry & Biddle, of Cincinnati, had a line of barges constantly so engaged. According to the census of 1810, Cincinnati, Ohio, contained one thousand, two hundred and seventeen males and one thousand and six females; total, two thou- sand, two hundred and twenty-three. The principal articles constituting lading for the boats trading on the Ohio and Mississippi were flour, whiskey, apples, cider, peach and apple brandy, bar-iron and cast- ings, tin and copper-ware, glass, cabinet work, mill-stones, grind-stones, nails, etc. The principal articles brought up the Ohio in keel boats were cotton, lead, furs, peltry, hemp, and tobacco from Kentucky. ‘The migration into Pickaway county from the year 1800 to 1807 was such as had no precedent in the west. The greater portion of the later emigrants came by land, bringing their families and necessary utensils in wagons. Their progress was slow, owing to the unimproved condi- tion of the roads, and they generally took advantage of the early fall to make the trip, the roads being then com- paratively dry, and the streams low. Usually several families were found in the same company, thus affording each other aid and.society on their toilsome way. Ar- rived at the end of their journey, and making their loca- tions of land, there was nothing to be done but grapple with the forest and prepare their. lands for the plow and seed. It was during this preparation that the merchants had their harvest and profits. As before remarked, the large majority of the settlers were men of small means, and everything had to be purchased for cash. ‘The mer- chant knew the wants of the people, and had prepared himself accordingly, and for several years his tribe multi- plied and was prosperous. But as the little money had left the hands of the settler, and he had by this time been able to raise his bread and meat, and his family had learned to spin and weave, merchandizing grew rapidly less remunerative, and the majority of the merchants failed. Soon after the introduction of steam, the barges, the keel and family boats gave way, and the principal means of transportation was by steam, on the Ohio and Mississippi. ‘The means of transportation with eastern citics, particularly with Philadelphia and Baltimore, was by large wagons, drawn, usually, by six horses. The emigrants turned their attention to stock, which was easily cared for, as the pasturage was abundant, and, at an early day, the cattle and hogs raised in Ohio were driven on foot to the eastern markets. PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Pickaway county, being about equally divided in two parts by the Scioto river, there was afforded ample means for the transportation of her surplus of corn, flour, whis- key, bacon, etc., to the Mississippi country and to New Orleans. These articles were shipped on flat boats, hay- ing a carrying capacity of from three hundred to five hundred barrels each. When these boats had floated to their destination, they were sold and broken up for the lumber in them. I have before me the log-book of James Campbell, a partner of Henry Nevill, the old Jefferson merchant in the dry goods business, who entered the Ohio at Ports- mouth in charge of a flat boat, on the twentieth of March, 1820, and landed at New Orleans the twentieth of April. He made daily memoranda of the state of the weather, the number of steamboats that passed him going up or down, and other incidents that interested him, with other matters; that he ‘tcaught a catfish of fifty pounds weight near island No. 73, in the Mississippi;’ ‘that near island No. 82 he assisted George Kuder to unload the boat which he had charge of for Mr. Thomas Bell, of Circleville, of said county of Pickaway.” The boat was stove in, in landing, and sank to the roof in three min- utes. The flour in barrels was taken out of the water, emptied out, and repacked, there being lost, in the oper- ation of re-packing, not over five per cent. He also recorded that he passed the boat of Mr. Wolf, of Pick- away county, Ohio. About 1808 or 1809, by which time there was con- siderable surplus of horses, cattle, hogs, wheat, corn, and whiskey, for which no market could be had, except by driving the stock to the eastern cities, or floating it down the Scioto and thence to New Orleans, with the surplus of wheat, corn, etc. About this period (1808) the mat- ter of the abundance of the surplus productions of the State was brought up for consideration by the Ohio legis- lature. Relief was sought by the charter of banks in the different portions of the State, some of which had success and aided the business of the country; others failed, thus making matters worse. The next important transaction was the declaration of war, in 1812. ‘This, of course, inflated prices, and made a demand for the surplus produce at home, at prices satisfactory. At the close of the war, or very soon after, the surplus of the country increased largely, prices of everything raised or produced in the State came down to the lowest level, with no market of a commercial charac- ter at any price that was remunerative. A large portion of the corn and rye was converted into whiskey, much of which was shipped south, and the balance consumed at home. (It was claimed that good whiskey, used moderately, was an anti-miasmatic. Quinine, in its pres- ent form, was then not known.) Because of the depres- sion of prices, following, in a few years, the close of the war of 1812, there was but little trade. There was much surplus of stock and grain that it was difficult to convert into money, and this state of things continued growing; but little better until the adoption of the canal system. in 1825. It was after the war of 1812, up to the commencement = & ’ HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND and conclusion of the Ohio canal, that our farmers and merchants were engaged in the Orleans and Mississippi trade. Orleans, or flat boats, built to carry four and five hundred barrels, were built on the lateral waters of the Ohio, to visit the Muskingum, the Scioto, Little Miami, Great Miami, and the Wabash. In Pickaway county, as many as thirty boats were built in one year, and sent to New Orleans, loaded with the produce of the country. As early as the year 1810, a Mr. Rosewalt had on the stocks at Pittsburgh a steamboat of one hundred and thirty-eight feet keel, calculated for three or four hundred tons burthen. This steamboat was launched in March, and descended the Ohio and Mississippi, and landed at Natchez, December, 1811, and was in the trade from Natchez to Orleans until after the year 1818. From this day steamboats increased rapidly on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and, in a few years, sup- planted the barges, keel-boats, and flat boats of the earlier days. In the year 1819, Jacob Hitler, lately de- ceased, made trips with produce, principally flour, and with his brother, George Hitler, now of Pickaway county, continued to make annual trips until 1830. Lucas Sullivant sent boats from Franklinton, Franklin county, and William Neil went with cargoes from a point on the Olentangy or Whetstone, near Worthington, to New Orleans, and from thence to Liverpool. Mr. George Fry, of Circleville, now seventy-seven years of age, who had been on five trips to New Orleans, and three times, in addition thereto, to the falls of the Ohio, says that the flat boats of the State of Ohio were from sixty to sixty-five feet long, sixteen feet wide, boarded up, and calked. The height of the boats was seven feet. Most of the Scioto boats had a triangular bow, while others were square in the front as in the rear. There were three oars on deck—one in the rear, called the steering oar, and two side oars, called sweeps. ‘The sweeps were only used to pull out of an eddy, or to assist in avoiding objects that were dangerous. The steering oar was used only to keep the boats in their safe course. There was no thought of accelerating the progress of these boats after they reached the Ohio. They were simply put into the current and allowed to go with it. s CHAPTER XV. RAILROADS. On the twenty-third of February, 1830, William B. Hubbard, who for many years afterward was a resident of Columbus, prepared and submitted to the general as- sembly. “an act to incorporate the Ohio canal and the _ Steubenville railway company.” This was only one year after the successful experiments of George Stevenson, with his first locomotive engine, at Gadshill, England. New charters were granted at every session of the legis- lature, but up to the close of 1836 very little had been 8 PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 57 ‘accomplished, owing to the financial depression. In 1837 the law afterward called ‘the plunder act,” “to authorize a loan of the credit of the State of Ohio to railroad com- panies, and to authorize subscriptions by the State to turnpike, canal, and slack water navigation companies,” was passed, and under it the railroads secured about seven hundred thousand dollars, yet not enough to build and equip thirty miles of road.* The act, becoming very unpopular, was repealed in 1840. ‘The first railroad in Ohio was built in 1841. In that year there were but thirty miles in use. As late as 1840 there were only three hundred and fifty miles constructed, but from that time on, the increase was quite rapid. In 1877, the total length of the railroads in Ohio was four thousand, eight hundred and seventy-eight and forty-one one-hundredths miles. The importance of Columbus as a railway center can be partially appreciated, when we state that fifteen hun- dred and forty miles of railroad center in that city, the passenger trains entering a depot not eclipsed, in size and appearance, by any in the west. This mileage does not include the far-reaching connections that all Co- lumbus roads have, and no branches are counted. The railroad facilities of Columbus include three separate, direct routes to New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, competing lines to the lake, and rail communication with the inexhaustible coal fields, lying to the southwest, only about sixty miles distant, and also with the iron ore region. THE COLUMBUS & XENIA RAILROAD. This was the first railroad leading into-or out of Co- lumbus. The company was chartered by a special act passed March 12, 1844, but the road was not constructed until 1848 and 1849. The first passenger train passed over it February 20, 1850. Soon after this date the “members of the legislature took an excursion over this road, and the Little Miami, to Cincinnati and back. The Little Miami company obtained a charter March 11, 1836. The two companies, November 30, 1853, entered into a contract of union, or partnership, by which the roads of both were operated as one line. The two companies leased, January 1, 1865, the Dayton and Western road, and purchased, the same year, the Dayton, Xenia & Belpre road from Xenia to Dayton. The partnership, or union, was dissolved November 30, 1868, and a contract of lease entered into by which the Little Miami company leased, for ninety-nine years, the Columbus & Xenia road and the rights and interests of that company in the other roads that had been leased or purchased by the two com- panies. The condition was the promise of the Little Miami company to pay seven per cent. per annum on a capital of one million, seven hundred and eighty-six thousand, two hundred dollars, and the interest on the funded debt. The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis railroad com- pany, on December 1, 1869, leased of the Little Miami company, its railroad and its right in the Columbus & Xenia and other roads. The statement of the Columbus Henry C. Noble, Centennial address. 58 & Xenia company, in Poor’s railway manual for 1878,. has the following in regard to finances: ‘Capital Stock paid ins. :4s sq nkescavsaceerwe pes yons mae $1,786, 200.00 PUT Geds ED thes salensrst seins shite darncenriitela nas ahs cee anveansen eh 302,000.00 DEA cone sea “ik emrereteed SO ORME BIAVEISBARS. 28 $2,088, 200.00 Construction....... $1,493, 146.00 Equipment ..0.04 000 ea 321,624.96 Stocks and Bonds 103,050.00 Gaelic a ichcitea tay hissed Gaara 920. 52 OPES ASSES Be aiecacsatiny seingtuemidennat 169,458, 52 Total $2,088, 200.00 The funded debt consists of first mortgage, seven per cent. bonds, due September 1, 1890. Officers: Presi- dent, Joseph R. Swan, Columbus; secretary and treas- urer, Robert S. Smith, Columbus. Further account of this road is included under the heading of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis railroad. CLEVELAND, COLUMBUS, CINCINNATI & INDIANAPOLIS RAILROAD, This, leaving off the last addition to its title, was the second Columbus railroad put in operation. The com- pany’s original charter was dated March 14, 1836, but fifteen years elapsed before the road was built. An ex- cursion train passed over it from Columbus to Cleveland February 21, 1851, carrying the members of the State legislature, the city authorities of Columbus and Cincin- nati, and many other citizens. ‘The company embraces four original corporations and lines, as follows: The Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati, the Springfield & Mansfield, the Bellefontaine & Indiana, and the Indian- apolis & Bellefontaine roads. The “Bee Line,” as the road is popularly called, con- sists of three hundred and ninety-one miles of road, of which three hundred and seven are in Ohio, and located as follows: From Cleveland to Columbus, one hundred and thirty-eight miles; from Galion to Indianapolis, two hundred and three ; from Springfield to Delaware (Spring- field branch), fifty miles. This road, in 1877, run pas- senger trains, nine hundred and thirty-four thousand and ninety-four miles ; freight trains, three million, sixty thou- sand, one hundred and ninety-nine miles, and other trains, one hundred and nineteen thousand, four hundred and eighty-nine miles, carrying a total of six hundred and ninety-five thousand, one hundred and twenty-eight pas- sengers, and transported a total of one million, fifty-two thousand, four hundred and thirty-two tons of through, and one million, six hundred and twenty-four thousand, two hundred tons of way freight. ‘The earnings of the road were: From passengers, . PLGAMS eGh wee ANSteeune $ 680,918 78 TNH oc we aneenemedean aewnws rane adel « 2,453,803 56 Oo SINT as gedaan wits ae eget 75717 78 SO SCR PNCSS a isa necad dance pivots 74,494 53 ‘« rents, interests and dividends. 149,421 30 TE ee he dee: Bhawadds Dr santa Pttiased anes $3,434,356 15 The total expenditures were $2,770,344.28, leaving a balance of net earnings (19.92 per cent.) of $664,011.87. The net surplus was $61,901.92. The organization of this company is in Cleveland, where are located its prin- cipal offices. In its report on rolling stock, the company HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. shows the possession of one hundred and thirty-nine locomotives, and a total of three thousand, eight hundred and fifteen revenue cars (including the equipment of the Cleveland & Sandusky railroad). The construction ac- count amounts to over eighteen million dollars, and the capital stock is placed at about one millon, five hundred thousand dollars. HE CEN'TRAL OHIO—(BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD). The Central Ohio railroad, now under lease to the Baltimore & Ohio company, and known as the central division of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, was the third line opened out from ‘Columbus. “The building of this road was a project which had its inception at Zanesville. The company was formed under a special law, passed February 8, 1847, for building a railroad from Columbus, through Newark and Zanesville, to such a point on the Ohio river as the directors might select. The company was organized at Zanesville, in August, 1847, Solomon Sturges being elected president. John H. Sullivan was elected president in 1848. ‘The road was put under con- tract in 1850. Delays followed, and it was not opened to Newark until the twenty-sixth of January, 1852, and to Columbus, until the eighteenth of January, 1853. In 1859, the road was placed in the hands of a receiver, and November 1, 1865, a new company was formed, to which the property was conveyed June 29, 1866. An agree- * ment was made November 21, 1866, with the Baltimoré”* . & Ohio company, by which the road was to be operated. for twenty years, the Baltimore and Ohio railroad com- pany to retain sixty-five per cent. of the gross earnings for the first five years, and sixty per cent. thereafter, and out of the remainder to pay annually one hundred and sixty-six thousand dollars to the company, for interest on the funded debt. ‘The lease was modified, in 1869, so that the Baltimore and Ohio railroad company were to retain sixty-five per cent. throughout the entire term, of twenty years. While the road was in the hands of the receiver, March 4, 1864, a sale of half the line, from Newark to Co- lumbus (thirty-three miles), was made to the Steubenville — & Indiana (now the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis railroad) railway company, for seven hundred and sev- enty-live thousand dollars. That portion of the line is now jointly owned by the two companies. ‘This road is shown by Poor's manual to have made a total earning, in 1877, of $761,524.88. The expenditure was $612,237,- 47. The net earning was thus $149,286.51; rentals: received under lease, (thirty-five per cent.), $266,533.71. Actual deficit to lessees, $117,146.20. ‘The rolling stock reported is as follows: Locomotive engines, thirty-one; cars—passenger, nineteen; baggage, mail and express, eight; freight, three hundred and forty-one. During the year, passenger trains were run 325,139 miles, and freight trains, 836,282. ‘The number of passengers carried was 256,984, and the amount of freight moved was 608,486" tons. The construction account amounts to $5,500,000. 3 Most of the officers are non-residents of Columbus. a The next railroad that was constructed in this section of country was the Columbus, Piqua & Indiana road. * a 4 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 59 The charter was dated February 23, 1849. The first train passed over the road, from Columbus to Urbana, July 4, 1843, and in a few months, ran from Columbus to Piqua. This was one of the several roads which, con- solidated, made the line generally known as the COLUMBUS, CHICAGO & INDIANA CENTRAL RAILROAD. The Columbus, Piqua & Indiana company becoming | chartered in Ohio, in 1848. embarrassed, it was re-organized under the name of the Columbus & Indianapolis railroad company. The road was sold August 6, 1865, under an order of court, and subsequently transferred by deed to the re-organized company. This company became the owners, in 1864, of the Richmond & Covington railroad. The Columbus & Indianapolis railroad company, of Ohio, and the Indiana Central railroad company, of In- diana, were consolidated in September, 1864, under the name of the Columbus & Indiana Central railroad com- pany. The company thus formed was consolidated with the Toledo, Logansport & Burlington railroad company, and the Union & Logansport company, both of Indiana. The new organization was consolidated, in 1868, with the Chicago & Great Eastern railroad company, taking the name of the Columbus & Indiana Central railway, thus made to extend from Columbus, Ohio, to Chicago; from Bradford Junction, Ohio, to Indianapolis; from Richmond, Indiana, to Logansport, and from Logans- port to the western line of Indiana—in all five hundred and eighty-two miles. Of this, one hundred and thirty- seven miles are in the State of Ohio, extending from Co- lumbus to Union City, on the State line, one hundred and sixteen miles, and from Bradford Junction to a point on the State line toward Richmond, twenty-one miles. The Columbus, Chicago & Indiana Central road is under » lease to the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis railroad, the “Pan Handle” route, the lease having been in effect since 1869. The Pittsburgh, Columbus & St. Louis ‘company also leases the Little Miami and the Columbus & Xenia roads. The length of the Columbus, Chicago & Indiana Central line from Columbus to Indianapolis is one hundred and eighty-seven and three-tenths miles, and from Bradford, Ohio, to Chicago two hundred and thirty miles. The other lines give it a total length of five hundred and eighty and five-tenths miles. The roll- ing stock is: Locomotive engines, one hundred and ‘twenty-five ; cars-—passenger, sixty-one; freight, one thou- sand, six hundred and seventeen. The freight moved in the year 1877 was one million, five hundred and twenty- one thousand, one hundred and forty-one tons; number of passengers carried, six hundred and fifty-two thousand, seven hundred and sixty-seven. The total earnings were three million, three hundred and ninety-six thousand, two hundred and fifty-five dollars and fifty-eight cents, | and the total expenditures two million, nine hundred and . forty thousand, nine hundred and fifteen dollars and and fifty-five thousand, three hundred and forty dollars ‘and twenty-three cents. The construction and equip- ment of the road have cost (to the time of the last report) | thirty-eight million, eight hundred and fifty-one thousand and ninety-seven dollars and forty-four cents. PITTSBURGH, CINCINNATI & ST. LOUIS (PAN HANDLE). This company was formed May 1, 1868,.by the con- solidation of the Pittsburgh & Steubenville railroad com- pany, of Pennsylvania, chartered March 24, 1849; the Halliday’s Cove railroad company, of Virginia, chartered 1850; and the Steubenville & Indiana railroad company, The road of the latter com- pany was opened in 1858. The Pittsburgh & St. Louis railroad was re-organized December 28, 1867, under the name of the Pan Handle, and the road was opened in 1865. It was leased, on completion, to the Pennsylvania railroad company, by which it is now operated. The length of the main line, from Pittsburgh to Columbus, is one hundred and ninety-two and three-tenths miles; and there is a branch eight and one-tenth miles in length, from Cadiz Junction to Cadiz, Ohio. The rolling stock consists of one hundred and six locomotives and one thousand five hundred and twenty-three cars. The re- | port o° operations for the year ending December 31, 1877, shows that passenger cars were run five hundred | and eighty-seven thousand, eight hundred and twenty-five. miles, and freight cars a distance of one million, eight hundred and forty-one thousand, six hundred and seventy-nine miles. The total number of passengers carried was six hundred and eighty thousand and eighty- two, and the amount of freight moved, one million, seven hundred and twenty-two thousand, three hundred and eighty-six tons. The total earnings were $3,108,193. 26, and the total expenditure, $2,022,913.15; leaving a net balance of $1,085,280.01. The construction and equip- ment have cost $19,942,294.81. THE PITTSBURGH, FORT WAYNE & CHICAGO RAILROAD. This company was formed by the consolidation of the Ohio & Pennsylvania railroad company, the Ohio & In- diana, and the Fort Wayne & Chicago. The road was opened, through its entire length, January 1, 1859, and the year after the consolidation was effected. The road was sold, under foreclosure, in 1861. A new company ' was organized in 1862, and in 1869 leased all of its rail- way and property to the Pennsylvania raiload company, ’ by which it was subsequently transferred to the Pennsyl- vania company, by which it is now operated, the lessees paying seven per cent. upon the capital stock and funded debt. The rolling stock is reported to consist of two hundred and seventy-eight locomotives and five thousand three hundred and sixty-one cars. Passenger trains were run, during the year ending December 31, 1877, one million, five hundred and one thousand, three hundred and ninety-five miles, and freight trains, four millions, five hundred and ninety-six thousand, two hundred and two miles. The number of passengers carried was two million, ninety-six thousand, one hundred and thirty-one, ’ and the amount of freight moved, two million, six hun- forty-five cents, leaving the net earnings four hundred | .balance of net earnings, $2,864,457.77. dred and ninety thousand, seven hundred and _ninety- five tons. The total earnings were $6,928,856.11, and the total expenditures $4,064,398.34; leaving, as a The cost of construction, rolling stock, real estate, and buildings, is given at $38,728,585.71. 60 THE COLUMBUS, SPRINGFIELD & CINCINNATI, AND THE CIN- CINNATI, SANDUSKY & CLEVELAND RAILROADS. The first named company had its orign in the Colum- bus & Springfield railroad company, which was chartered February 16, 1840. A road was built from Springfield to London—twenty miles— under this charter, and leased, in 1854, to the Mad River & Lake Erie, since called the Cincinnati, Cleveland & Lake Erie railroad company. The road was sold May 8, 1868, under a decree of the United States district court, and bought by Jacob W. Pierce, of Boston, for one hundred thousand dollars. The Columbus, Springfield & Cincinnati railroad was in- corporated May 1, 1869, with a capital stock of one mil- lion, five hundred thousand dollars, and Mr. Pierce trans- ferred his purshase, soon after, to the new company. By an arrangement with the purchaser, the road was contin- ued under the management of the Cincinnati, Sandusky & Cleveland railroad company, to which it was perma- nently leased July 1, 1870. It was subsequently com- pleted to Columbus, a distance of forty-four and thirty- seven hundredths miles. The Cincinnati, Sandusky & Cleveland railroad company was incorporated by special charter as the Mad River & Lake Erie railroad company, for building a road from Dayton, 7za Tiffin and Bellevue, to Sandusky. ‘The company became dissatisfied with this line and abandoned it, and built a new line, a Tiffin and Clyde, to Sandusky, and leased it to the Mad River & Lake Erie company. The company passed through many financial embarassments, the road was sold, the company re-organized, its name changed, etc. The company leased, March 25, 1871, that portion of its line, twenty-five miles in length, between Dayton and Spring- field, to the Cincinnat & Springfield Short Line company, which took possession in 1872. The Cincinnati, San- dusky & Cleveland company has now a main line from Sandusky to Springfield, one hundred and thirty and two- tenths miles, a branch road from Carey to Findley, and 3 | | | | | the Columbus, Springfield & Cincinnati road, from Co- | lumbus to Springfield, forty-four and thirty-seven hun- dredths miles, making a total of one hundred and eighty- nine and thirty hundredths miles. The rolling stock (according to Poor’s manual, 1878) consists of thirty-five locomotives, and eight hundred and eighty cars. Passen- ger trains were run a distance of three hundred and sixty thousand, five hundred and eighty miles. The total number of passengers carried was two hundred and eighty-five thousand, five hundred and thirteen, and the total amount of freight moved, three hundred and sixty- five thousand, three hundred and seventy-nine tons. The total earnings were $655,420.83, and the total ex- penditures, $504,266.05, leaving net earnings, $151,- 154.78. The construction and cquipment to July 1, 1877, Cost $6,217,055. Most ofthe officers and directors of the road reside at Sandusky. CLEVELAND, MT. VERNON & COLUMBUS RAILROAD. The main line owned by the Cleveland, Mt. Vernon & Columbus railroad company, extends from Columbus to Hudson, a distance of one hundred and forty-four and forty-two one-hundredths miles, and there is under lease by the company, twelve and a half miles, known as the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. an nN a ese Cleveland & Massillon railroad. The company was first chartered, in 1851, as the Akron branch of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad company, and the road was opened, from Hudson to Millersburgh, in 1853. The same year the company was re-organized, under the name of the Cleveland, Zanesville and Cincinnati rail- road. The road was placed in the hands of a receiver in 1861, and in 1864 was sold, under foreclosure, to George W. Cass and John J. Marvin, who, on the first of July, 1865, sold their purchase to the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago railroad company, by whom the road was owned and operated, until leased, with that of the company’s main line, to the Pennsylvania company. The Pittsburgh, Mt. Vernon, Columbus & London railroad company, was organized May 11, 1869, and, in the following November, purchased so much of the old, unfinished road, right of way, etc., of the Springfield, Mt. Vernon & Pittsburgh road, as lies east of Delaware, and extending through Mt. Vernon in the direction of Millersburgh. The same company purchased the entire Cleveland, Zanesville & Cincinnati road, before known as the Akron branch, and obtained an assignment of the Cleveland & Massillon road. The name of the company ' was changed, by decree of court, December 28, 1869, to the Cleveland, Mt. Vernon & Delaware railroad company. The road, as now operated, was completed in 1873. Its rolling stock consisted, in 1877, of twenty-two engines, and six hundred and twenty-six cars. Passenger trains were run 187,366 miles, and freight trains 237,634 miles. The total number of passengers carried was 231,950, and the amount of freight moved, 240,507 tons. The total earnings of the road were $388,896.16, and the sum of the expenditures, $307,171.16, leaving a balance of net earnings of 81,725. The cost of construction and equipment, up to January 1, 1878, was $4,628,- 870.61. ‘THE COLUMBUS & HOCKING VALLEY RAILROAD. This, one of the most valuable of railroads to Colum- bus, had its origin under the name of the Mineral rail- road. .\ company by that title was incorporated April 14, 1864, to construct and operate a railroad from Athens to Columbus, with a capital stock of one million, five hundred thousand dollars. M. M. Greene labored, for some time, in southern Ohio to secure the necessary sub- scriptions, but was not rewarded with success. In Janu- ary, 1866, he came to Columbus, and laid the matter be- fore a number of leading citizens, and soon after a meet- ing was held, and Mr. Greene presented fully his views as to the importance of the proposed road, the benefit which would result to the city from the development of the coal and iron fields of the Hocking valley, etc. The meeting resulted in the determination to have a preliminary survey made, and Messrs. B. E. Smith, Wm. Davidson, Wm. G. Deshler, W. B. Brooks, Wm. A. Platt, B. S. Brown, Wm. A. Neil and Theodore Comstock each contributed one hundred dollars for this purpose. This was the beginning of an enterprise which fully sustained Mr. Greene in his representations, and which has been of great benefit to the city of Columbus and to the Hocking valley. After the report of the survey had been madc, books were HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. opened for the subscription of capital stock, and, after great effort “all along the line,” the necessary sum, seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars, was raised. The stockholders met at the city hall, December 19, 1866, and organized the company by electing the following board of directors: Peter Hayden, B. E. Smith, Wm. G. Deshler, Isaac Eberly, George M. Parsons, J. C. Gar- rett, M. M. Greene, Wm. Dennison, Theodore Comstock, W. B. Brooks, D. Tallmadge, Wm. P. Cutler and E. H. Moore. This board elected the following officers: Pres- ident, Peter Hayden; vice president and superintendent, M. M. Greene; secretary and treasurer, J. J. Janney ; solicitor, Allen G. Thurman. Mr. Greene was directed to take charge of the road and to locate the line. In 1867 the name of the company was changed to the Co- lumbus & Hocking Valley railroad company. The board of directors contracted, May 22, 1867, with Dodge, Case & Co., for the construction of the road, in the sum of one million, six hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars, | payable in bonds and cash. The board authorized the issuance of one million, five hundred thousand dollars in first mortgage, seven per cent. bonds, to run thirty years, at the same time providing a sinking fund. In conse- quence of numerous delays, the road was not opened to Lancaster until January, 1869, to Nelsonville in: Septem- ber, 1860, and to Athens in July, 1870. As it was opened from point to point, business constantly increased, taxing the road to the utmost limit of its equipment. While yet unfinished, the earnings of the road were sufficient to pay the interest upon the bonds as they wére required to be issued. The completion caused considerable excite- é ment in the Hocking valley country. Lands advanced rapidly in price, coal companies, with abundant capital, were rapidly organized, new mines opened, and a general stimulus given to trade and the development of the country. There was a great demand for the opening of branch roads into the several coal valleys, and in 1870 the company, yielding partly to the demand, constructed a branch to Straitsville, thirteen miles in length, author- izing the issue of three hundred thousand dollars in ten year seven per cent. bonds, to provide funds for the same, Although built as a coal road, the other business, arising from the creation and growth of towns along the road, and in the increased production of lands in its vi- cinity, gave the road a large miscellaneous business. The road is decidedly a home enterprise, projected, built and owned by those living along its line. The larger part of its stock, and nearly one-third of its bonds, are owned by citizens of Columbus. The report of the company shows that at the close of the year 1878, the capital stock was two million, thirty thousand, one hundred and fifty dollars. The construc- tion of the main line has cost two million, eight hundred and thirty-two thousand, seven hundred and eighteen dollars.and twenty-three cents, and its equipment over a million and a quarter more. The rolling stock consists of thirty-one locomotives, and one thousand, two hun- dred and twenty cars. The total number of passengers carried was one hundred and thirty-eight thousand, three hundred and seventy-two, and the number of tons of. 61 freight carried was over one million. The total earnings were $871,553.16, and the total expenses $480,425.73, leaving the net earnings for 1878, $391,127.43. Fol- lowing are the officers and directors, as given in the last report: Directors, M. M. Greene, William G, Deshler, Henry C. Noble, B. S. Brown, P. W. Huntington, W. B, Brooks, Isaac Eberly, C. P. L. Butler, H. W. Jaeger and John L. Gill, of Columbus; John D, Martin, Lancaster; C. H. Ripley, Logan; S. W. Pickering, Athens. Execu- tive committee, M. M. Green, Wm. G. Deshler, P. W, Huntington, Isaac Eberly, Henry C. Noble. Officers: President, M. M. Greene, Columbus; secretary and treasurer, J. J. Janney, Columbus; general superintend- ent, Orlando Smith, Columbus; superintendent, G. R. Carr, Columbus; auditor, T. J. Janney, Columbus; gen- eral freight and ticket agent, W. A. Mills, Columbus. Under the same management as the above is the COLUMBUS & TOLEDO RAILROAD, the company of which was organized May 28, 1872. Con- struction was commenced in the summer of 1875. The line of rail is from Columbus to Walbridge, Ohio, one hundred and eighteen and two-tenth miles, and from that place to Toledo the company uses the track of the Toledo & Woodville railroad company. At Columbus it connects with the Columbus & Hocking Valley railroad. The roll- ing stock consists of eleven’ locomotives and nine hun- dred cars. The earnings for the year ending December 31, 1878, were $517,871.23, and the expenditures, $295,- 612.50, leaving the net earnings $222,258.73. The num- ber of pessengers carried was one hundred and forty-five thousand, two hundred and eighty-three, and the amount of freight moved, over three htindred and forty-five thou- sand tons. The capital stock is $897,107.62; cost of construction, to January 1, 1879, $2,386,139.93; of equip- ment, $429,966.17; of real estate, $81,743.64. The organization is at Columbus, and is almost exactly iden- tical with that of the Columbus & Hocking Valley rail- road, already given. THE SCIOTO VALLEY RAILROAD, is one of the most important which enters Columbus, al- though a short line, and of great convenience and value to the people of Franklin, Pickaway, Ross, Scioto and Pike counties. By its construction, an outlet was given the production of as rich a piece of country as there is in Ohio, and the people of Columbus, Circleville and Chil- licothe, gained connection with that great trunk line, the Chesapeake & Ohio railroad. The line extends a dis- tance of one hundred miles, from Columbus to Ports- mouth, upon the Ohio river. It was completed to Cir- cleville, May 1, 1876, and to Chillicothe in July, of the same year, thus securing a right to the title of the “Cen- tennial Railroad, of Columbus.” It was not opened for travel to Portsmouth until January, 1878. The company was organized in February, 1875, and the road from that time to the present has been under, essentially, the same management. The financial statement of this company shows that the capital stock authorized is $2,000,000 ; funded debt, first mortgage, seven per cent. bonds, due January 1, 1896, outstanding, $1,240,000; reserve, 62 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. The issue of bonds is limited to $13,000 per A sinking fund of one per $50,000. mile, or $1,300,000 in all. cent. per annum is provided, which commenced January: 1, 1879. The rolling stock of the company is, eight engines, ten passenger, and seventy-two freight cars. ‘The total number of employees is two hundred and twenty three. ‘The number of passengers carried, in 1878, was one hundred and fourteen thousand, five hundred and twenty-nine, and the number of tons of freight moved was ninety-eight thousand, three hundred and _ eighty-two. The gross earnings were $198,018.04, and the total ex- | penses, $91,377.79, leaving the net earnings at $106,- 640.25. The total assets and liabilities are $3,027,885.43. The equipment cost $2,884,689.49. The principal office of the company is in Columbus. — Following are the direc- tors and officials of the road; Directors—William Money- penny, E. T. Mithoff, T. Ewing’ Miller, John G. Mitchell, John C. English, Samuel Thomas, Columbus; Edward Smith, Circleville; L. G. Delano, Chillicothe; Wells A. Hutchins, Portsmouth; officers—president, T. Ewing Miller; general manager, G. T. Chapman; treasurer, F. C. Sessions ;. secretary, W. Neil Dennison; chief engineer, J. Huntoon; superintendent, J. B. Peters. , The foregoing gives an account of all the roads now in operation that center in Columbus, or identified with the interests of the county. The Columbus & Gallipolis road is partly constructed, and the Columbus & Sunday Creek and the Ohio & West Virginia are projected and in course of construction. All three of them have their organiza- tion principally at Columbus. All of the roads that have been mentioned in this chapter enter Columbus; but there is one other in which the people of Pickaway are interested, and which runs through that county, from east to west, passing through Circleville— THE CINCINNATI & MUSKINGUM VALLEY RAILROAD. This company was chartered as the Cincinnati, Wil- mington & Zanesville railroad company, February 4, 1851, and the road was opened in 1857. It was sold, under foreclosure, October 17, 1863, and re-organized March 11, 1864, under the title of the Cincinnati & Zanesville railroad company. Tt was sold again in 1869, and 1870 was re-organized the second time, under its present title. On the first of January, 1873, the road was leased to the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis rail- road company, and has since been operated by the Penn- sylvania company, lessees of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis road. The rolling stock consisted, in 1877, of fourteen en- gines, and three hundred and ninety cars. Passenger trains were run, in the year named, a distance of one hundred and ninety-seven thousand, three hundred miles, and freight trains, two hundred and sixteen thousand, nine hundred miles. The total number of passengers carried was one hundred and eighty-four thousand, seven hundred and sixty-nine, and the number of tons of freight moved was two hundred and forty-six thousand, six hun- dred and three. The total earnings were $366,773.86, and the expenses $340,888.90, leaving the net earnings $25,884.96. The construction account to January 1, 1878, was $5,540,164.38. The capital stock was $3,997,- 320, and the funded debt $1,500,000. Total assets and liabilities, $5,994,453.25. CHAPTER XVI. THE COURT AND THE BAR OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. * Lucas Sullivant, from Kentucky, early in 1797, with his corps of chain carriers, markers, etc., engaged in the surveying of lands and locating warrants in the Virginia military district, west of Scioto, in the month of August laid out the town of Franklinton. Here commenced the first settlement of the territory composing the county of Franklin, then in the county of Ross, under the territo- rial government. The county of Franklin was stricken off from Ross, and organized under the act of March 30, 1803, which took effect April 30, 1803. At that date there were only nine other counties in the State, viz—Adams, Belmont, Clermont, Jefferson, Fairfield, Hamilton, Ross, Trumbull and Washington. The regular courts, for several years, were held in hired rooms in Franklinton, until the court house was erected, . in 1807-8, by Lucas Sullivant, contractor, which contin- ued in use until 1824, when the county seat was removed to Columbus, which, under the act of February 14, 1812, had become the capital of the State, where the legislature commenced, on Monday, December 2, 1816, holding its sessions in 1816-17, and a court house for the United States courts was built, in 1820, and those courts re- moved from Chillicothe, in 1821. The courts for Frank- lin county were held in the United States court house until 1840, when they were moved into the county court house, at the present location, on the corner of High and Mound streets. In the early days of mud roads and log cabins, the lawyers rode from county to county, the circuit, with the judge on horschack, equipped with the old-fashioned leggings and saddle-bags, averaging about thirty miles a day. ‘The party had their appointed stopping places, where they were expected, and, on their arrival, the chick- ens, dried apples, maple sugar, corn dodgers and old whiskey suffered, while the best story-tellers regaled the company with their humor and anecdotes. The courts held in Franklin county, including the United States courts, always attracted a large number of the most dis- tinguished lawyers—Philemon Beecher, Thomas Ewing, Judge Irwin, Judge Spalding, Tappan, Wright, Ham- mond, in the State courts, and Henry Clay, Philip Dod- dridge, of Virginia, and other giant leaders of the bar from abroad, in the United States courts, in addition to the - Ohio lawyers. In the early history of this county, which included Madison, land titles and the édentity of hogs were the principal subjects of litigation, and to be master :’t * By Col. Llewellyn Baber. ua HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. of special pleadings, under the old system, was the great ambition of the successful practitioner. THE FIRST COURT. ' Be it remembered, that at « Court of Common Pleas, held in the town of Franklinton, in and for the county of Franklin, on the first ‘Tues- day of May and the third day thereof, it being the first court thereof held in said county, and the day appointed for holding courts in the same by an act of the general assembly of the State of Ohio, entitled ‘An act organizing the judicial courts,’ John Dill, David Jamison, and Joseph Foos, esquires, having been duly commisioned by his excellency, Edward Tiffin, esquire, Governor of the State of Ohio, as associate judges of the Court of Common Pleas for the county of Franklin, and having first taken the oath of allegience, and also the oath of office, they assumed their seats. “Present: John Dill, David Jamison, and Joseph Foos, esquires, aforesaid, judges. ‘The Court then proceeded to appoint the clerk, whereupon Lucas Sullivant was apointed clerk gro tem., who also took the oath of office. “Adjourned to the first Tuesday in September next.” Order Book A, page 1. SEPTEMBER TERM, 1803. “At a Court of Common Pleas, begun and held in the town of Franklinton, on the first Tuesday in September, in the year of our Lord 1803, and of the State the first, before the Honourable Wyliss Sullivant, esquire, president, and David Jamison and Joseph Foos, esquires, two of the associate judges of said court. “John S. Wills, Michael Baldwin, Philemon Beecher, William W. Irwin, and Jonathan Reddick, intending to appear as attorneys in this court, took the oath of fidelity to this State, the oath to support the constitution of this State, and the oath of an attorney-at-law, they were severally admitted to practice as attorneys therein.” “On the same day—September 6th—Jeremiah McLean, James Fur- geson, and William Creighton, appointed commissioners by the legisla- ture for that purpose, filed their report, selecting Franklinton as the permanent seat of justice. ‘The grand jury presented two indictments, and John S. Wills was appointed prosecuting attorney, and the next day (September 7th) the court adjourned to the next term.” Order Book A, page 2. Messrs. Wills, Baldwin, Beecher, Irwin, and Reddick, were already regularly admitted attorneys under the terri- torial organization, but, on the transition from the terri- torial to the state government, were required not only to take the attorneys’ oath over again, but to swear fidelity to the State especially, which indicates that the jurists of that day universally admitted that the states and the gen- eral government were each supreme within their own sphere, repudiating, as equally heretical, both: the ex- tremes of centralization and secession. Joxn S. Wits, whose name is the first in the list of attorneys who took the oath on the first day of the term, and the only one who became a resident lawyer of Franklin county, was born in Virginia, in the year 1773, and the only memorial to his early history is the license of his admission to the bar, on the twenty-seventh of May, 1794, in the Isle of Wight county, Virginia. The original, written on sheepskin, is in the possession of his grandson, John W. King, esq., of Georgetown, Brown ‘county, Ohio, of which the following is a copy. “Virginia to wit. WHEREAS, We have been appointed by the general assembly to ex- amine into the capacity, ability and fitness of such persons as shall ap- ply to us for license to practice as attorneys in the courts of this com- monwealth, and whereas, John S. Wills, gent., hath applied to us for a license, and produced to us a certificate from the county court of Isle of Wight, of his honesty, probity and good demeanor, and we, having examined him touching his capacity, ability and fitness, and found him duly qualified ; these are therefore, in the name of this commonwealth, to license and permit the said John S. Wills to practice as an attorney 63 in the superior and inferior courts of this commonwealth. Given under our hands and seals, this twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord, one thousand, seven hundred and ninety-four, and of the com- monwealth, the eighteenth. Jos. PrRENTIss. [SEAL.] RICH'D PARKER. [SEAL. | Jos. Henry. [SEAL.] Shortly after he was admitted to the bar, in Virginia, he moved to Cincinnati, a frontier settlement in the northwestern territory. In 1797 he was married to Mary Gibson, daughter of Col. Thomas Gibson, then of Cin- cinnati, and had three children, all of whom are dead except one daughter, Mrs. King, widow of George King, late of Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio, and who was born at Chillicothe, April 16, 1802, to which place her father had removed from Cincinnati. He moved next to Franklinton, the county seat of the newly erected county of Franklin, and on September 6, 1803, was admitted to practice in the State courts, and, on the same day, was appointed prosecuting attorney of the county, and served until 1805, and again filled the same office, from 1810 to 1813, and was judge advocate general, attached to the headquarters at Franklinton, during the war. Mr. Wills was an excellent lawyer and practitioner, and master of the old system of pleadings, and criminal law. In 1818 he moved to Georgetown, Brown county, where he con- tinued to practice until April 28, 1829, when he died, in the fifty-sixth year of his age—the pioneer member of the old Franklin county bar. Reuben Bonam was born in Maryland, and settled in Franklinton about the same time as John S. Wills. He was appointed prosecuting attorney by the court in 1805, and was a man of fine education, but giving way to in- temperate habits, which was the vice of the times, he became too poor to dress even decently, got in some trouble about money that was missing, went off, and en- listed, at Cincinnati, as a private soldier, in one of the regular regiments, going to New Orleans. Tradition says that there he became a reformed and sober man, and, after his discharge from the service, died, a respectable citizen, and left descendants. THomas Backus was born at Norwich, Connecticut, August 8, 1785. His father, Elijah Backus, was a native of the same place. After graduating at Yale college, and being admitted to the bar in Connecticut, in the year 1800, he removed to Marietta, Ohio, and engaged in the practice of the law in partnership with Wyllis Silli- man, and established the Gazeffe newspaper there, and issued the first number November 30, 1801, with Elijah Backus as editor, who had been appointed receiver of public moneys of the United States. It sustained the administration of President Jefferson, and was the first Democratic paper issued in Ohio. Elijah Backus was a member of the Ohio State senate in 1803. Hon. Lewis Cass read law with him, and was admitted to the bar at Marietta. He was the owner of the island in the Ohio river below Marietta, which, afterwards, became cele- brated as Blannerhasset Island, he having sold it to Mr. Blannerhasaet. Elijah Backus removed, in 1808, to Ruskin, Illinois, and was Judge of the court of claims when he died there, in 1812. 64 Thomas Backus was educated in Connecticut, and after graduating at Yale college, returned to his father’s home at Marietta, Ohio, studied law in the office of Backus and Silliman, and was admitted to the bar, at Marietta, in 1808, by the supreme court. On Novem- ber 10, 1810, he was married to Temperance Lord, and in 1811 removed to Franklinton, Franklin county, Ohio, and engaged in the practice of the law. In 1820 he was appointed prosecuting attorney by the court. He owned a large body of land, six miles up the Scioto from Frank- linton, and was largely engaged in real estate operations. He removed, with his family, in 1823, to Union, Ohio, and was there appointed prosecuting attorney, and during his term of office died, October 25, 1825, and his wife soon after removed back with the family to Franklinton, and, in 1828, to Columbus. : Mr. Backus wrote frequently for the newspapers. He was an able and incisive writer. He sometimes indulged in poetry. His lines on the demolition of the beautiful Indian mound, on the corner of High and Mound streets, Columbus, that was used up in the manufacture of bricks for the first State house, and from which human bones were taken, became celebrated for their pathos, and were published in Martin’s history of Franklin county, page 51. Gustavus Swan, son of John and Sarah (Mead) Swan, was born July 15, 1787, at Petersborough, New Hampshire. His means of early education were limited, as his parents were poor, but, by his own perseverance and exertion, he obtained an excellent classical, mathematical and scien- tific course of instruction, at the Aurean academy, Amherst, Hillsborough county, New Hampshire. Dr. Reuben D. Murrey, son .of Dr. John Murrey, and- who subsequently settled in the city of Boston, and became one of the most celebrated surveyors in the country, was a fellow schoolmate. Judge Swan always said he was indebted to Dr. John Murrey’s aid in his studies, and en- couragement, more than to any one else, for his subse- quent success in life. He studied law with Samuel Bell, a celebrated lawyer, at Concord, New Hampshire, who was afterwards governor of the State, and was admitted to the bar in New Hampshire. He first came to Marietta, Ohio in 1810, and re- mained a year there, and was admitted to the bar of Ohio. In 1811 he came to Franklinton, then the county scat of Franklin, and commenced the practice of the law. His ability and industry soon gave him high professional rep- utation, and he was employed in all the important cases, which brought him in constant conflict with Beecher, Ewing, Irwin, Baldwin, Grimke, and other distinguished leaders of the Ohio bar, who then rode the circuit, and practiced in the courts held at the capitol of the State. Judge Swan, in these legal contests, involving nice ques- tions, under the old rules of pleading, and requiring a thorough knowledge of the land laws, especially in the Virginia military district, soon took rank among the first at the bar. He was a diligent student, and fine speaker, having great power with a jury, and his practice extended through Fayette, Madison, Union, Delaware, Pickaway and Fairfield counties, where his name is still associated, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. in the traditions of the people, with the pioneer lawyers of his day. He was the first representative elected by Franklin county, to the legislature, as soon as she was entitled to elect alone, in 1812, and was elected again in 1817. He was constantly engaged in the practice of his profession, until 1823, when he was appointed, by Gov- ernor Morrow, judge of the court of common pleas, in place of Judge J. Adair McDowell, deceased, and was elected by the legislature, on its meeting, for the term of seven years, and was the judge when the court was removed from Franklinton to Columbus, in 1824, and made an able one. In pursuance of the resolutions of the general assembly, passed January 22, 1825, he com- piled the land laws for Ohio, including the State laws to 1815-16, an invaluable publication to the practitioner. In 1820 he resumed the practice of law in Columbus, to which place he moved his residence, in 1815. He continued, from that date, in active practice, until 1843, doing a lucrative and extensive business. By this time he had acquired a large fortune. He had been presi- dent, from 1823, of the old Franklin bank, of Columbus, incorporated by the legislature, February 23, 1816, whose charter expired January 1, 1843. On the organization of the State bank, of Ohio, and its branches, under the act of February, 1845—the old Franklin bank, on July 1, 1845, organized as one of its branches—Judge Swan was elected one of the directors, and afterwards president, of the State bank of Ohio, he being considered one of the ablest financiers in the State. The duties of the place required his whole time, in connection with his other large private interests, and he retired from practice. The last time he appeared as counsel, in court, was in defense of William Clark, a convict in the penitentiary, tried for the murder of Cyrus Sell, one of the guards, by a single blow with a cooper’s axe. He was tried at the December term, 1843, of the supreme court for Frank- lin county, reported in the eighth volume of the Ohio State reports, and convicted of murder in the first degree, and hung on February 9, 1844, with a female colored convict, Esther, who had killed another prisoner. The The defense was insanity, and there was an array of eminent counsel on both sides, Judge N. H. Swayne conducted the prosecution, examinining the medical experts for the defense, including his own family physician. Judge Swan, who had been generally successful in criminal cases, put forth his full powers, and confidently remarked, it is saéd, that he had never had a client hung in his life, and if Clark was, he zever would put his foot in the court house again, as a lawyer; and he never did, unless on his own business. Judge. Swan, from this time, devoted himself to his duties as president of the State bank of Ohio, and the management of his large estate. He was very fond of books and philosophical discussions. On October 14, 1819, he was married, by Rev. Dr. James Hoge,-to Mrs. Amelia Weston, daughter of George and Mary Aldrich, born at Meriden, Massachusetts, December 20, 1785; died, November 5, 1859, and is buried under the same monument, in Green Lawn cemetery, with her husband, who died February 6, 1860. Judge Swan had two sons, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 65 both of whom died before him. George was lost at sea, on the ill-fated steamer, Lexington. It was a great grief to his father, which was intensified by the death of Charles, who, he hoped, would have lived to take his position. He had two daughters, Mrs. Sarah Whitney, of New York city, and Mrs. Jane Parsons, wife of George M. Parsons, of Columbus, Ohio. Davip Scotr was born in Peterborough, New Hamp- shire, in 1786, came to Franklinton in 1811, engaged in the practice of the law, and was appointed prosecuting attorney from 1813 to 1814, by the court, in which last year he died. He was married. Davip Smit, son of John and Elizabeth Smith, was born at Francistown Hills, Conough county, New Hamp- shire, October 2, 1785, came to Franklinton in 1812, and moved to Columbus in 1816, and practiced law. In connection with Ezra Griswold, in 1812, he commenced publishing the Ohio A@ouzfor, and remained sole editor thereof until 1836, when he sold out to Jacob Medary, and the paper was merged into the Hemzsphere—a weekly Jacksonian Democratic paper—and finally became the Ohio Statesman, when Samuel Medary was elected State printer. Mr. Smith was elected associate judge in 1817, and resigned, on his election to the legislature, in 1822. He was a member, also, in 1822, and State printer in 1831-1834. He was a fine writer, and was engaged ‘mostly in newspaper enterprises. In the latter years of his life he was absent, most of his time, from Columbus, visiting his children, but returned, and died here on Feb- ruary 3, 1863, in the seventy-eighth year of his age, and was buried in Green Lawn cemetery. Witt1am DOHERTY was born in Charleston, South Carolina, November 30, 1790, from whence he came, during the war of 1812, to Franklinton, and took up his residence in Columbus in 1820. He married, on July 10, 1821, Eliza, a daughter of General Jeremiah McLene, and made Columbus his residence the balance of his life, and practiced law. He studied law in Columbus, and also previously, and, possessing a turn of mind for public business, and being a man of fine address, he be- came very popular. For seven years in succession he was clerk of the house of representatives in the Ohio legislature—one session in Chillicothe and six in Colum- bus. He was, for a number of years adjutant-general of Ohio, and United States marshal for the district of Ohio for four years. In 1831 he was elected senator from the district of Franklin and Pickaway, and chosen “president of that body at his first session—a compliment ‘rarely bestowed on a new member. He died on Feb- Tuary 29, 1840, in the fiftieth year of his age. Orris ParisH was born in Canterbury, Windom county, Connecticut, in the year 1782. His father was Reuben Parish, and his mother Zurilla Bishop. Orris received the early part of his education in the common schools of Connecticut. In 1790, his father’s family, with those of his grandfather and uncle, Levi Parish, settled in Mid- dletown (now Naples), Ontario county, New York, where Orris attended such schools as were found in the first ‘settlements in the wilderness, and he may have attended the academy a few terms, in Canandaigua, New York. 9 In 1807, or 1808, he entered the law office of the late John C. Spencer, but, before completing his course, his parents died, and he left Spencer’s office, and finished his studies with his cousin, John Parish, in Windom, Win- dom county, Connecticut. In 1811, or 1812, he emi- grated to Ohio, and settled in Franklinton, Franklin county. He was there during the war, and, in 1815, moved to Columbus, after the capitol was fixed there. He acquired some distinction as a practitioner, especially. in jury cases, where his style of oratory was very effective, His services were consequently in large demand, and he had a large practice on the circuit, which, in those times, was traveled, on horseback, from court to court, even to distant counties, by the jolly lawyers of the olden time, among whom he was noted. He was a very eccentric man, and many stories are related of him, his free trans- lation to a jury of the legal phrase ‘“‘zectus zn coma,” which he gave as ‘coming into court head and tail up,” was long remembered by the fun-loving generation of that day, and has descended as a don mot in the profession. In 1816 he was elected president judge of the court of common pleas for this district. At the legislative session of 1818-19 charges were preferred against him calling for an investigation of his official conduct. They were referred to a committee, and the judge published his ad- dress to the committee, in which he says: “To you, gentlemen, I submit my official conduct, and of you I solicit the most rigid inquiry and the severest scrutiny;” concluding, “I neither ask nor desire, any other justice at the bar of my country, or Heaven, than that which I have contributed my best exertions to measure out to those whose rights have been, confided to my hand.” The committee reported in his favor, and afterwards he resigned, and returned to the practice of the law, at which be continued with great success, as his reputation as a jury lawyer was co-extensive with the State. On , 181-, he was married to Aurelia Butler, daughter of Judge Butler, of Madison county, New York, at the residence of her brother-in-law, Richard Douglas, in Circleville, Ohio. He built, on Fourth street, Columbus, a residence known now as the Whitehill prop- erty, at present the residence of Chauncey N. Olds, a lead- ing lawyer of the city. He and Gustavus Swan, David Scott and David Smith, were the first four lawyers, and that located in Columbus after it was laid out in 1812. Joun A. McDoweE tL, son of Samuel McDowell and Ann Irvin, was born near Harrodsburg, Kentucky, May 26, 1780. He studied law, and served with distinction on the staff of Governor Shelley, in the war of 1812. At the battle of the Thames, in Upper Canada, the British commander, General Proctor, escaped from the field of battle, leaving his carriage and personal baggage, which was captured. Among the spoils was a heavy old-fash- ioned silver watch, with a seal, which: was presented to Governor Shelley, who detached the seal and gave it to his aid-de-camp, Major John A. McDowell, who retained it, and often exhibited it in after life as a trophy. It is now in possession of his relative, Joseph Sullivant, of Columbus, who preserves it as a memento. On November 9, 1809, he was married to Lucy Todd 66 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Starling, youngest daughter of Colonel William Starling and Susannah Lyle, and at the solicitation of his brother- in-law, Lucas Sullivant, removed, with himself and wife, to Franklinton, in 1815, or early in 1816, and became a- prominent and successful lawyer, and in 1819 was ap- pointed by the court as prosecuting attorney for Franklin county, and in the session of 1818 and 1819 was a mem- ber of the lower branch of the legislature, and in 1820 was -elected president judge for his judicial district. He died September 30, 1823. He was a fine-looking, handsome man, of great talents, and very popular, and if he had lived would have risen to a higer position. He left two surviving children. Joun R. Parisy, son of Roswell Parish, was born at Canterbury, Windom county, Connecticut, in 1786. He was educated in the common schools and in the Plainfield academy, in a town of that name, next north to Canter- bury. He read law in the office of his uncle, John Par- ish, in Windom, and was admitted to the bar. He emi- grated to Ohio, and settled in Columbus, in 1816, and commenced the practice of the law. He was a man of vigorous mind, and a good lawyer, and had a fair share | of the litigative business. member of the house of representatives from Franklin county, in the legislature and re-elected in 1821, and made a popular legislator, and on the expiration of his term, was appointed by the court as prosecuting attorney, continued for several years. Mr. Parish married Mary Phillips, of Columbus. Like many of the lawyers of that period, he indulged in the convivialities of the times. He died in June, 1829, in the forty-third year of his age. He was a cousin of - In 1820 he was elected a | Judge Orris Parish, and is said to have been much the ~ abler lawyer, and better versed in the legal learning of the profession. James K. Corey was born near Cooperstown, New York, in 1797. Came to Columbus in 1819, read law with John R. Parish and was admitted here. He was a promising young lawyer, but died on the first of January, 1827, in the twenty-ninth year of his age. He married Miss Samson, who, after his death, married the Rev. William Preston, of Trinity Episcopal church. PHinrwas BAcon Wi1cox, was the only son of Seth Wilcox and his wife, Molly Bacon, and was born Sep- tember 26, 1798, at Westfield, Connecticut, about ten miles west of the town of Middletown, on the Connecti- cut river, where his father, a substantial farmer, resided on his farm at “Forty Rod Hill.” His ancestors were of Saxon origin, located at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk county, England, one of whom emigrated to America and settled in Boston, Massachu- setts, two of whose sons settled in the north part of Middletown — quaintly styled “Middletown Upper Housen ”—in 1675, from one of whom his father, Seth, was descended. He assisted his father in the usual duties of a New England farmer’s son, until about the age of sixteen, when he attended Cheshire academy, Connecticut, and Middlebury academy, Vermont, to be fitted for Yale college. ' He entered Yale, and was graduated in the class of 1821, at the age of twenty-three, and soon after married Sarah D. Andrews, of Wallingford, Connecticut, who was a sister of the late Samuel C. Andrews, of Colum- bus, and also a relative of John W. Andrews, and of the wife of Judge J. R. Swan, of that city. The new couple started, for their bridal trip, to the then unknown and far distant wilderness of the “Ohio country,” not fully determined where they would settle, but making for the new town of Columbus, on the “waters of the Scioto,” where his father owned lands, and where they arrived, after a long and somewhat perilous journey, in the fall of 1821. Pleased with the prospects of Columbus, he concluded to make it his home, and commenced the study of the law with Judge Orris Parish, whose office was a small frame building on the southwest corner of High and State streets, where the National Exchange bank now stands. He was a close and diligent student, entering very lit- tle into the convivialities so prevalent in the new settle- ment, and so destructive of many of the bright intellects of his day. : He was admitted to the bar in 1824, and commenced practice in the old court house in Franklinton, where he entered the lists against the ‘old lawyers,” David . Scott, . Joshua Folsom, Gustavus Swan, and Orris and John Parish, and very soon, by close study, diligent attention to business, and unswerving integrity, he took rank with them and secured a large practice in Franklin, Madison, and, Delaware counties, through which the bench and bar of that day rode circuit on horseback, with saddle- _bags and leggings. He soon became eminent as a “land lawyer,” having mastered all the intricacies of the Virginia military land titles, that perpetual source of litigation for so many years. He was also distinguished as a chancery lawyer, which practice he preferred. Nothing afforded him higher gratification, or more aroused his powers, than to track out some high-toned scoundrel who was attempting to oppress the widow and the fatherless, or defraud con- fiding creditors, and “sift his conscience ” by means of a good old bill in chancery, with its charges and searching interrogatives. He was master of common law pleading, being familiar with all the learning and subtleties of the old English special pleas, and a constant student of English common law. In 1833 he published his work—“ Ohio Forms and Practice,” and an enlarged edition of it in 1848. This book was the standard on law and equity practice and pleading, both in the State and the United States courts, until the adoption of the code of civil procedure in 1853, and was in universal use by judges, lawyers and clerks, in this and other States, under the old practice. In 1849, when the matter of a new constitution and code was in agitation, he published a pamphlet, entitled “Tracts on Law Reform,” with a view of moulding public opinion as to the proposed changes in our law system. The following motto, which he adopted for the tract, 3 from an ancient author, indicates the conservative char- _ B, WILCOX, P HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 67 - ' acter of the work—‘‘ We know already the worst of what quer, he believed that the greatest perils would then zs—we know not the worst of what may 6e.” Like many lawyers of the old school, he could not abide the new code; but, upon its adoption, accepted the situ- ation, and, in 1862, published his “ Practical Forms Under the Code of Civil Procedure,” intending, eventu- ally, to enlarge it into a work similar to his “Ohio Forms and Practise,” under the old system. He was prosecuting attorney for Franklin county from 1834 to 1836, and wrote out numerous forms for indict- ments etc., which were long in use by his successors, as it required considerable skill to draft such instruments under the technicalities of the criminal law at that time. He was reporter of the supreme court of Ohio in 1842, reporting the tenth volume of Ohio reports, . where his knowledge of law, and remarkable accuracy and terseness of statement, are conspicuous. It not unfrequently hap- pened that the court, after deciding some difficult ques- tions, would remark to the reporter: ‘We have decided so-and-so in this case, and depend upon you to give the reason.” His note upon assurances of title, in the case of Foote 7s, Bennet, page 317, of the tenth volume, has been considered one of the ablest and most perspicuous ex- positions of that abstruse subject, at that time not well understood by even good lawyers, and received a high enconium from Chancellor Kent. He was United States commissioner for the district of Ohio for many years, which office he resigned, about the year 1858, rather than be made the instrument of remand- ing a fugitive slave to bondage. His law library was very large and varied, for the times, especially in English reports, which were his delight and - pastime. For many years it was the only library of any consequence in the West, and was constantly resorted to by judges and lawyers, whom he was always ready to assist in looking up difficult points—especially the younger lawyers, to whom he was, at all times, a kind and sympa- thizing friend and a willing adviser. Rare discussions, intermitted with rare wit and hilarity, were often had in that old library, at his residence on Vine street, when Ewing, Stanbery, Hunter, Goddard, Lane, Swayne, and others of his “brothers” met there. Although he was a fine classical scholar, especially in Greek, which he kept up through life, and was a student of the civil law and history, yet he was pre-eminently a lawyer, a common-law lawyer, devoting his life to the study of law as a science, which he loved for itself, and considering the practice of the law as the highest and most ennobling of callings, above all petty tricks and mercenary purposes—a grand and noble profession, to be pursued, not for personal ends, but for the good of his fellow-men. It was once said of him, by a friend, that he lived upon Coke and the Bible. With politics he had nothing todo. He was a staunch whig, perhaps a little leavened with old Federal doctrines, and afterward a decided Republican. Upon the breaking out of the rebellion, in 1861, he was much disturbed as to the ultimate result upon our institutions. Never doubting that the North would con- arise, having little faith in the loyalty of the South to our general governnient thereafter. After a long investiga- tion on the subject, from Magna Charta down, suo more, he settled upon certain principles, which he had embodied in a brief, and sent to-his friend Stanton, secretary of war, in 1862. Although quite radical as a remedy, and somewhat arbitrary, recent events, to the minds of some, seem to justify them; and, at least, they serve to show what doubts troubled good and thinking men, outside of politics, in that trying time. They are as follows: 1. Let the president, at the proper time, by a single blow of the war power, abraze, and forever annihilate, all organizations, political and civil, together with the metes and bounds of all the rebel States—reduc- ing that province to a mere out-lying military province. 2. After the war, let that province be re-surveyed, somewhat after the manner of the Doomsday book, in England. 3. Offer, now, to any soldier, a bounty ot acres of good land, to be selected by him or his heirs, anywhere, east or west, in that entire country. 4. Let real union men, now owning lands there, have an equivalent out of the re-surveyed lands. 5. Let the residue of the lands‘be exposed to public sale, and apply the proceeds towards paying the expenses of the war; and so re-people that whole country. 6. Do with the negroes as the British do—set all at work where they now are, except those who may choose to leave the country, giving them protection, compelling them to work, and securing to them the payment of reasonable wages. 7. In all cases, let patents for lands emanate, de xove, from the gov- ernment, thus avoiding all danger from strict construction of tax laws, and acts of confiscation, in any of our courts. 8. Unless something of the sort be done, shall we not, of necessity, drift into a military despotism? g. Has our worthy president ever seen Swift's ‘‘Discourse of the contests and dissensions between the nobles and commons in Athens and Rome?” It will bear study. Just before this time, he called Stanton’s attention to the gunpowder plot of Guy Fawkes, to blow up the house of parliament, and suggested precaution against a like danger to our national capitol. He was a man of deep and sincere religious convic- tions, maintaining through life the principles instilled into his mind by a most excellent and sensible mother, who trained him in the strict views of the Puritans of New England; so that he was in reality, as an old cov- enanter would put it, a man “fearing God, hating in- iquity, and despising covetousness.” A few years after admission to the bar, he made a public profession of religion, and united with Trinity Episcopal church, of Columbus, under the Rev. William Preston, where he was active for many years as vestry- man, superintendent of the Sunday-school, as well as of a mission-school in the north part of the city, then a destitute locality called “Jonesburgh,” and was a fre- quent attendant upon the ministrations of Dr. Hoge, of the First Presbyterian church, and of Dr. Smith, of Westminster, both of whom he highly respected and admired. 4 A distinguished legal friend in Cincinnati, hearing of his profession of religion, wrote him as follows: “So you, too, have become a Christian. I had thought that a business man could find something better to do. Let me have your reasons.” To this he replied by writing a little tract, afterwards 68 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. published by the American Tract Society, styled, “A Few Thoughts,” wherein he set forth, in very simple but earnest and forcible language, the cardinal truths of the Gospel and the reasons for the faith that was in him. He carried his religious principles into all his affairs. He would never engage in any cause he did not deem just, and usually advised his clients to settle their differ- ences and avoid litigation. He practiced unusual benevolence, giving systematically to all worthy objects, and never turning any poor man from his door. His character, in this respect, was once well summed up by one who knew him, as follows: ‘He was a man of high character and personal integrity, of great benevolence and charity, a fine type of a conscientious, christian lawyer, attending, with great diligence and fidelity, to the cases of his clients, when, in his opinion, they had a just cause, but discouraging litigation, for the mere sake of litigation or procrastination, and utterly refusing to lend himself or his great legal attainments to any unjust cause, however large the fee, or tempting the glory.” He died on March 25, 1863, at his residence on Third street, in the city of Columbus, in his sixty-fifth year, leaving his widow, who survived until January 2, 1873, and two only children—General James A. Wilcox, here- after mentioned, and Anna Maria, wife of Robert Ellis, of New York. JoszpH R. Swan, son of Jonathan and Sarah (Rock- well) Swan, was born at Westernville, Oneida county, New York, December 28, 1802. He is of Scotch-Irish ancestry (from Londonderry) and received an academic education at Aurora, New York, where he commenced the study of law, which he completed at Columbus, Ohio, with his uncle, Gustavus Swan, and was there admitted to the bar in 1824. He immediately commenced the practice of his profession in Franklin and the adjoining counties, and soon gained the reputation of a learned, honest, and safe lawyer and counsellor. In 1833, he was married to Hannah Ann Andrews, of Rochester, New York, daughter of Samuel S. Andrews, one of the early residents of that city from Darby, Con- necticut, and has three sons and two daughters, one of whom is married to Major R. S. Smith, of Columbus. Mrs. Swan died in 1876. Mr. Swan was prosecuting at- torney of Franklin from 1830 to 1834. In 1834 he was elected by the legislature as common pleas judge for the district composed of the counties of Franklin, Madison, Clark, Champaign, Logan, Union and Delaware, and re- elected in 1841, and by his satisfactory and impartial dis- charge of the duties of the office, obtained the reputation of being one of the best judges in the State. Judge Swan, on the expiration of his second term, resumed the practice of law in Columbus, and formed a partnership with John W. Andrews, which did a large business under the firm name of Swan & Andrews. In 1854, the opponents of the repeal of the Missouri compromise, by the Kansas-Nebraska act, which created quite an excitement in Ohio, nominated and elected him supreme judge, by over seventy-seven thousand majority. On the bench, he maintained his distinct characteristic of great conscientiousness, that neither personal interest nor sympathy could, in any manner, influence his judg- ment of right or law. This was strikingly illustrated in May 1854, when S. P. Chase, then governor of Ohio, brought a strong pressure to bear upon the judges of the supreme court, to obtain a decision declaring the fugitive slave laws unconstitutional and void, that the enforcement of them might be resisted by the State ; the court stood, two judges in favor of nullifying, and three opposed. If there had been a majority in favor, and the United States marshal had re-arrested the discharged prisoner, as he was instructed to do, and the governor had resisted the re- arrest with military force, as he proposed to do by orders issued to the military to be ready for service, a conflict might have been brought on that would have changed the subsequent history of the loyalty of Ohio to the laws and constitution of the United States. Great excitement pre- vailed—party passion and prejudice ran high in the po- litical convention that was to pass on the question of his renomination, and to assemble on the day after the opin- ion of the court was delivered. Rising to the importance of the coming crisis, Judge Swan, then chief justice, in delivering the opinion of the court sustaining the fugitive slave law, in his closing remarks says: ‘‘As a citizen I would not déliberately violate the constitution or the law by interference with fugitives from service. But if a weary, fright- ened slave would appeal to me to protect him from his pursuers, it is probable I might momentarily forget my allegiance to the law and the constitution, and give him a covert from those who were upon his track. * * * And if I did it, and was prosecuted, condemned and imprisoned, and brought by my counsel before this tribunal on a Audeas corpus, and were then permitted to pronounce judgment in my own case, I trust that I should have the moral courage to say, before God and the country, as I am now compelled to say, under the solemn duties of a judge, bound by my official oath to sustain the supremacy of the con- stitution and the law—THE PRISONER MUST BE REMANDED, In the convention, the next day, the prejudices and passions of the hour defeated his nomination, but the judg- ment of the bar of Ohio sustained him. The politicians who raised the issue never reached the presidency. Ohio made Abraham Lincoln president, and resistance to the constitution and laws of the Union, pronounced valid by its highest court, came from those who took the sword to defend the right to extend slavery, and broke their idol in pieces by their own folly. Judge Swan, in 1859, resumed the practice of law, and soon after became connected with the Columbus & Xenia railroad, and afterwards the general solicitor of the Pitts- burgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis railway company, in which capacity he is still engaged. Governor Brough appointed him to the vacancy on the supreme bench, occasioned by the death of Judge Gholson, which he declined, as he did also the same position tendered him since the war.- Judge Swan has prepared the following elementary law books, which have been accepted by the profession in Ohio as the best authority on the subjects upon which they treat: In 1835-36, ‘“Swan’s Treatise’—an indis- pensable companion of every justice of the peace—which has passed to the tenth edition; 1843, “Guide for Ex- ecutors and Administrators”; 1841, ‘“Swan’s Revised Statutes”; 1854, a revised edition of the statutes 3 1860, a revised edition of the statutes, to which L. S, Critch- field annexed notes of the decisions of the supreme HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 69 court; in 1868, a supplement to the edition of 1860 was compiled and published, with notes of the decisions of the supreme court, by Milton Sayler; 1851, “‘Swan’s Pleadings and Practice,” two volumes; 1862-63, “Swan’s Pleading and Precedents under the Code.” None of the decisions of the supreme court rendered by him have ever been overruled. Asa jurist, his opinions stand high with the profession. His well known integrity has se- cured him the universal respect of the people where he resides, and of the State where his books have made his name a household word. For years he has been an act- ive member of Trinity Episcopal church. SAMUEL C. ANDREWS was born at Wallingford, Con- necticut, in 1794. He was educated at Middlebury college, Vermont, and removed to Columbus, Ohio, at the instance of his brother-in-law, P. B. Wilcox, about the year 1828, and soon after entered upon the practice of the law, but did not pursue it with much diligence, being a man of literary tastes, and poetical temperament. He took an active interest in our public schools, and was, for many years, a leading member of our board of school examiners. He was adjutant-general of the State, under Governor Lucas, in which capacity he accompanied the governor upon his famous military expedition to Toledo, in March, 1835, to assert the claims of this State in respect to the Michigan boundary line. He died at Columbus, on March 13, 1863, and, by his dying request, was buried in the Andrews family bur- ial lot, in the old graveyard, at Wallingford. Lyne STARLING, son of William Starling and Mary (McDowell) Starling, was born March 3. 1806, in Mercer county, Kentucky; came to Columbus, Ohio, in 1830, entered the clerk’s office, studied law with P. B. Wilcox, esq., and entered upon the practice, and in 1838 was ap- pointed clerk of the court of common pleas, supreme court, and court in bankruptcy; was re-appointed March 15, 1845, and resigned in February, 1846. Having secured a competency by successful business operations, he went to New York and became a wholesale merchant, and after- wards removed to Illinois, where he had purchased a large body of land, then returned to Kentucky, joined the Union army, and was appointed chief, on the staff of General Crittenden, his personal friend; served with dis- tinction throughout the war, and was noted for his courage and capacity in battle, and was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, March 25, 1835. He was married to Maria A. Hemley, of Frankfort, Kentucky, and became a cotton planter in Arkansas, and died in 1877. Noan H. Swaynez, youngest son of Joshua Swayne, was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, December 7, 1804. His father was a prosperous farmer and a mem- ber of the society of Friends. His earliest American progenitor came over with William Penn, and settled on a farm near Philadelphia, which is still in the hands of his descendants. Joshua Swayne died in 1808, in Jeffer- son county, Virginia, to which he had removed, leaving his children to the care of his: widow, an excellent woman of, marked vigor of mind, who carefully watched over the education of her sons. Noah went to schoo! in the neighborhood until thirteen, when he entered the academy of Jacob Mendenhall, at Waterford, in London county, then in high repute with the society of Friends. He was placed at Alexandria, in his fifteenth year, with Dr. George Thornton, a physician of eminence, with the intention that the studies commenced here should be continued in a hospital at Philadelphia; but the death of Dr. Thornton, a year later, led to the abandonment of the plan, and circumstances fixed the purpose of the student in the study of law. He returned to school, to Alexandria, where, under a good classical instructor, a thorough preparation for college was accomplished, at which time the pecuniary losses of his guardian deprived him of the means to carry out his purpose. He entered at once, as a student, in the law office of John Scott and Francis P. Brooks, at Warrenton, Fauquier county, Vir- ginia, finding there, as a fellow-student, Henry S. Foote, afterwards governor and senator from the State of Missis- sippi. A lasting intimacy between the two arose from this association. Admitted to the bar in 1823, the non-slaveholding example of his father, enlivened with his own views, de- termined him to remove immediately to Ohio. The journey was made on horseback. The year of prelimin- ary residence, required by law, before attorneys from other States were permitted to practice in Ohio, was passed in Zanesville; when he opened an office, in 1825, at Coshocton, the county seat of an adjoining county. His success was immediate and considerable. He was appointed prosecuting attorney of the county the first year, and he was occupied with this, and private practice, until 1829, when he was elected from the county to the house of representatives. During the next year Presi- dent Jackson appointed him United States attorney for the district of Ohio, and he removed to Columbus, where the courts of the United States, in Ohio, were then held. These and the supreme court of Ohio offered ample and inviting occupation, in view of which he declined the office of presiding judge of the common pleas for that district, to which, two years later, he was elected by the general assembly. In 1832 he was married, at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, to Miss Sarah Ann Wager, daughter of —— and Cath- arine (Bates) Wager. His wife, who had imbibed this principle of the old Virginia school of emancipation united with him in immediately liberating a number of slaves, who had become his property by the marriage. In 1839 he was appointed, by President Van Buren, United States district attorney—the division in the Demo- cratic party, in reference to the sub-treasury, having led to the change. From this time he devoted himself, with untiring labor, to his profession; uniting the learning of the books with the eloquence of the advocate, he soon acquired the reputation of being one of the best jury law- yers in the State. His peculiar /or¢e was in the examina- tion of witnesses, and in skillfully analyzing the testimony in each case. His cross-examination, for four days, of Sydney Burton, the prosecuting witness in the celebrated trial of William Rossane and others, in the spring of 1853, indicted in the United States circuit court at Co- 70 lumbus for burning the steamboat ‘‘ Martha Washington,” to procure the insurance, in which Henry Stanbery, since attorney general of the United States, was pitted against him, will never be forgotten by those who heard it. Judge Walker, Ewing, Pugh, Pendleton, and a brilliant array of counsel were in the case. In 1839 he formed a partnership with James E. Bates, doing a large business, under the firm name of Swayne & Bates, which continued until 1852. On the adoption of the new constitution, Mr. Bates was elected judge of the common pleas court of the sub-division composed o the counties of Franklin, Madison and Pickaway. On Jan- uary 1, 1853, he formed a partnership with Llewellyn Baber, a relative of his wife, who had read law with him. The new firm, under the firm name of Swayne & Baber, until its dissolution, April 1, 1860, still continued to hold its business in Columbus and ruputation in the courts throughout the State, in which its senior partner was employed as co-counsel in many important cases. In May, 1859, Judge Swayne appeared as co-counsel, with Belden, the United States district attorney for the north- ern district of Ohio, and argued, against Attoney General Wolcott, the celebrated fugitive slave cases, ex parte Langston, on hadeas corpus, in the supreme court at Co- lumbus, reported in ninth volume Ohio statutes, pages 78-199, in which Judge Swan delivered the opinion of a majority of the court, sustaining the constitutionality of the fugitive slave laws, which defeated his renomination in the Republican State convention, and resulted in the movement from Ohio which nominated Abraham Lincoln for president, in 1860. Wager Swayne, his eldest son, now General Swayne, of Toledo, Ohio, succeeded as the partner of his father, on the dissolution of the firm of Swayne & Baber, but at the breaking out of the rebellion, immediately entered the service, raised the Forty-third Ohio volunteer infan- try, and served with distinction throughout the war. Judge Swayne, after retiring from the office of United States district attorney, took no active part in politics un- til 1856; he had been a Democrat, of the old Jeffersonian school, and his education, naturally, led him to oppose the extension of slavery, and he made speeches for Fre- mont, and, also, supported Lincoln for the presidency. He, however, was ready to do anything to promote the public interest, and from 1837 to 1840 served as a fund commission, with Alfred Kelly and Judges Graham and Swan, under a resolution of the legislature, appointing them to take charge of the State debt, and cndeavor to restore the public credit, then badly broken down, and supply means to complete the public works, both of which objects were economically carried out, they declining any compensation for the service. In connection with Wil- liam Allen and another prominent gentleman, he was sent to Washington, by the governor, to adjust the dis- puted location of the east portion of the boundary line between Ohio and Michigan, which was effected, leaving the disputed territory in Ohio. In 1840, William W. Awl, Noah H. Swayne and James Hoge, was appointed a committee by the legislature to report upon the condition and number of the blind in ‘like effect with the other judges. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Ohio. Their labors resulted in the establishment of the famous asylum for the blind at Columbus, with which, as also the asylums for the deaf and dumb, and for lunatics, Judge Swayne was actively connected as trustee for many years. At the outbreak of the war for secession, his whole time was given to the service of the governor, in in- viting the Ohio lines to the field. Judge McLean, who presided at that time over the sixth circuit of the supreme court of the United States, composed of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan, had for years been a warm friend of Judge Swayne, and fre- quently expressed the wish that he might be succeeded by him. This idea, originating with himself, had spread from him to leading members of the bar within the cir- cuit, and some recent arguments at Washington, made before the supreme court by Judge Swayne, had had a Consequently, on the unexpected death of Judge McLean, the expression from both the bar and the people was in favor of his appoint ment, which was recommended to the president unani- mously by the Ohio delegation in congress, without dis- tinction of party. President Lincoln appointed Judge Swayne in February, 1862, and he was unanimously con- firmed by the senate, a result especially gratifying to his friends, who, at one time, feared a cabinet intrigue to substitute a lawyer from some other State. Judge Swayne’s circuit covered a large extent of terri- tory, and part of the time he has had assigned to him another circuit, which required his holding court in New , Orleans. His labors have been arduous and constant, and the accuracy and erudition of his opinions found in the reports, have been promoted by accumulated stores of many years’ research, resulting from the habit of noting down whatever ought to be preserved. . On the question of the constitutionality of the legal tender acts he dissented, with Justices Miller and Davis, from the opinion of the majority, delivered by Chief Jus- tice Chase, holding unconstitutional the legal tender greenbacks Mr. Chase had issued as secretary of the treasury. He united in the opinion of the court, de- livered by Mr. Justice Strong, overruling that decision (in 12 Wallace 457) in the legal tender cases. Judge Swayne has always been an enthusiastic student of ancient and modern literature, and the degrees of LL. 1., conferred on him by Yale, Dartmouth and Marietta, were a recognition of the studies of a lifetime. But he secms always to enjoy himself most in the domestic cir- cle, so long and happily presided over by a most intelligent and excellent wife. He has four sons—General Wager Swayne, Henry Foote Swayne, Noah and Frank Swayne, residing in Toledo, and a daughter, Mrs. Edwin Parsons, of New York city. Four daughters, Catharine, Rebecca, Virginia and Sally, who died in childhood, sleep near together, in the Green Lawn cemetery, Columbus. Judge- { Swayne preserves, in a remarkable degree, the health, ~ presence and vigor of intellect, that result from good habits and a well-spent life. Henry STANBERY was born in the city of New York, on the twentieth of February, 1803. His father was HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 71 Jonas Stanbery, a physician. Henry Stanbery was edu- cated in a select school, in New York, until he removed, with his father’s family, to Zanesville, Ohio, in 1814. After some preparation at home, he went to Washington col- lege, Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 18i9. When sixteen years old he commenced the study of law, with Ebenezer Granger, at Lancaster. On his death he continued his studies with the late General Charles C. Goddard. As he could not be admitted to the bar until he was twenty-one years of age, he had the advantage of nearly five years preparatory’study, which he always con- sidered of especial value. In May, 1824, he was admitted to the bar, by the supreme court of Ohio, on circuit in Gallia county. On his return from that county, on horse- back, in company with the many noted lawyers who had been present, he was cordially urged, by the late Hon. Thomas Ewing, to commence practice in Lancaster, and ride the circuit with him. He accepted this flattering invitation. The circuit extended from the counties of Washington and Gallia, on the Ohio river, to Delaware and Marion counties, including those adjoining the direct line. The system of circuit practice was such that a lawyer had little opportunity to examine his case, between his retainer and the trial. It therefore required great readiness in the use of his knowledge, and a reliance upon his own resources to be successful. That Mr. Stan- bery was equal to these emergencies, is evident from his rapid rise in the profession; and that such practice suited his talents, is apparent from the wonderful quickness, both of attack and defence, by which he has always been characterized in the trial of cases. Mr. Stanbery remained in Lancaster, contemporary with Judges Sher- man Beecher and Irwin, and with Thomas Ewing, the elder, Hocking Hunter, John T. Brassee, Thomas King, , and many other lawyers then residing there, and in the adjoining counties, whose distinguished efforts at the bar have shed an enduring glory over its early history, that has not since been eclipsed by brighter lights. In 1846 the office of attorney-general of the State of Ohio was created, and Henry Stanbery was elected, by the general assembly, to be the first occupant of this office. The term was five years. He accepted the place, and at once, early in 1846, removed to Columbus, where he resided for more than five years, and so became a member of the bar of Franklin county. At this time the United States courts were located in Columbus. He had a very large and valuable practice in these courts, and in the supreme court of Ohio. These were the days that the lawyers of Ohio had the opportunity of a large arena in which to make their best efforts, and thus become known to the bar of the entire State. Columbus was often full of lawyers, young and old, who remained for weeks, attending these courts. In 1850 Mr. Stanbery was elected one of the delegates . from Franklin county to the convention which framed the present constitution of Ohio. It was first held in Columbus, and then removed to Cincinnati. In this convention he was conspicuous in debate. Naturally conservative, and belonging to the Whig party, he assisted greatly in checking the extreme radicalism openly urged by some of the ablest and most brilliant of the younger members. : In 1853 he removed to Cincinnati, where he has ever since had an office, but his residence is on the hills of Kentucky, opposite the eastern part of the city, anda few miles east of Newport, where he has ample room to indulge his love of nature and engage in horticultural pursuits, of which he has always been fond. : His practice of the law in Cincinnati was similar to that in Columbus, his largest cases being in the United States courts and in the highest State courts. In 1866 he was appointed attorney general of the United States by President Johnson. He accepted this office, after consultation with his friends, with the sole desire to assist in carrying the government safely through the perilous times following the war. He resigned this office, to become one of the counsel of the president, upon his impeachment. He was in such delicate health at the time that most of his arguments in that trial were submit- ted on paper. After the termination of the trial, he was renominated by the president to the office of attorney general, but the senate had not magnanimity enough to confirm him. Since then he has held no public office. He has been president of the law association of Cincin- nati. His pen has been used on some of the questions of the day, and sometimes he has made public addresses, but in later years, as in early life, he has been too much of a lawyer to be a successful politician. Henry Stanbery is a man of fine appearance, tall and straight, with dignified bearing and a very pleasant face, though his features are large and strongly marked. He was, from the first, a most accurate lawyer, fond of technichalities and ready in applying every refinement of pleading, and all the nice rules of evidence and practice. It was, however, in the discussion of the general princi- ples of the law, which arose in his cases, that he especial- ly delighted. Upon all young men who studied the law, he would urge the essential importance of mastering gen- eral principles in order to attain the highest success. He was especially fond of the Latin maxims, which he regarded as the very embodiment of terse wisdom. In his man- ner as a practitioner, Mr. Stanbery was a model. Al- ways courteous and dignified, he was, nevertheless, as alert and ready as a soldier on guard. He was quick to perceive the slightest weakness in his opponent's cause, and on it dealt his blow with overwhelming suddenness. His manner, in the examination of witnesses, was admir- able. He never bullied or attempted to mislead him, but with sincere frankness, and winning address, would secure from the reluctant or the unfair witness often full and true answers to his questions. His language is of the purest English, and his style free from all glitter of mere words. ‘To court and jury alike, his speeches were clear. His arguments on the law were models of orderly arrangement and logical force, often eloquent from their very qualities. His addresses to the jury were masterly discussions of the facts, ingeniously mustered to sustain his views, and were exceedingly attractive. In writing, he was a marvel of accuracy. Often his manuscrips were printed from the original draft, with 72 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. scarcely a correction. He was systematic and thorough as a worker, never putting off anything for a more con- venient season, but at the earliest moment analyzing his case and settling the law and the facts which would control it. In personal character he is, and has ever been, a man of the highest honor, integrity, and probity—to be trusted implicitly. While he was devoted to the interest of his client when he was willing to undertake his cause, he never mislead the court or jury, or deceived an opponent by any misstatement of law or fact. His word was truth. He has always been a courteous gentleman to all ages and ranks, and especially kind to the younger mem- bers of the profession. He never lost his self-control, or indulged in petulance or passion. He is a member of the Episcopal communion. In all these respects Henry Stanbery was, and is, one of the foremost lawyers, not only of Ohio, but of the United States, and as a man, entitled to the highest veneration and regard. . Mr. Stanbery married twice; first, Frances, daughter of the Hon. Philemon Beecher, of Lancaster. The children of this marriage were Philemon B., Henry, George, and Frances, now the wife of Francis Avery, of San Francisco. Henry died just as he was entering upon the study of the law, to the deep grief of his father. His second wife is Cecilia, daughter of the late William Key Bond, a lawyer of distinction, formerly of Chilli- cothe, and afterwards of Cincinnati. Mr. Stanbery has retired from the law, and, in the enjoyment of ample means, he is spending the decline of life amid his family and friends, i” otium cum dignitate. SAMUEL Brusn, son of Platt and Elizabeth (——-—) Brush, was born January 13, 1809, in the town of Greene, Chenango county, New York, his father being, at that time, a practicing lawyer in Oxford, in the same county, where they resided until 1815, when the family removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, and his father formed a partnership, in the practice of the law, with his brother, Col. Henry Brush, then a member of congress. In 1820 he removed, with the family, to Delaware, Ohio, his father having received the appointment of reg- ister of the land office, .for the sale of government lands in the seven northwestern counties of Ohio, and resided there until 1828, when his father returned to Chillicothe to live, on his removal by General Jackson, and he him- self took charge of the State land office, at Tiffin, Ohio, until his father resigned his office as register thereof. He was aclerk in his father’s office from his early youth, and received a classical education, through three private tutors, graduates of colleges, one of whom was General John A. Quitman, afterward governor of, and member of congress from, Mississippi. He read law with his father, who, in the spring of 1830, had removed, with such of his family as were then living, to his farm, near Fremont, Ohio. He was admitted to practice law at Tiffin, Ohio, by the supreme court, August 30, 1830— his uncle, Judge Brush, being one of the judges on the bench. The court was held at Tiffin, but the judges and lawyers boarded at Fort Ball, where his examination took place, before a committe of the ablest lawyers of the bar, on the favorable result of which Judge Brush, his uncle, congratulated him, as he had feared that he would not be found qualified. He was admitted to practice in the circuit and district courts of the United States, for Ohio, in 1831, and in the supreme courts of the United States and district court of the District of Columbia in the winter of 1840-41. In the spring of 1831 he left Fremont, on account of his health, and went to reside in West Union, Adams county, Ohio, and there practiced law, and was elected prosecuting attorney in October, 1833, serving as such two years. He then went to Batavia, Clermont county, Ohio, and there practiced until the fall of 1836, when he removed to Columbus, Ohio, and opened an office in December, of that year, on State street, adjoining the office of Starling & Gilbert, who dissolved part- nership in 1837, when he formed with M. J. Gilbert, under the firm name of Brush & Gilbert, which firm did a large and lucrative business in Columbus for several: years. He acquired the title of major while in Colum- bus, by holding the commission of brigade inspector. He was elected vice-president upon the organization of the Franklin County Agricultural society, and was after- wards elected president, and served two years, during which period the fair grounds were purchased and build- ings erected thereon, at a cost of over six thousand dol- lars, and when he retired the society was out of debt and had a surplus of two hundred dollars in the treasury. He was president of, and built, the Columbus and Granville plank road. In 1859 he retired from the practice, and removed to Canandaigua, New York, and engaged in farming, resid- ing on a farm at the head of the main street of the village. Duriug the civil war, although foreseeing the demoralization that would result therefrom, he contrib- uted all in his power to aid in its prosecution, for the purpose of restoring the Union, and maintaining the laws of the United States, and purchased a substitute for his son, who was in college, and not liable to the draft. His son, Henry Brush, having graduated at Hobart college, studied law, and being admitted to the practice, in the fall of 1868, he opened a law office with him in the city of Buffalo, New York, where they practiced two years, and, their health failing them, they returned to Canan- daigua, and continued the practice until the death of his son Henry, on July 17, 1879. His death, so unexpected, at the time when he had acquired a reputation as a sound lawyer and able advocate, was the greatest misfortune of his life, as he was an only child. In consequence of this sad blow, he retired from the active practice of law. Mr. Brush, as a lawyer, was a superior special pleader, no case prepared by him having ever been lost, or judg- ment reversed for defective pleading. His mind possessed great powers of concentration, and he handled with ability a great number and variety of facts and points, in the trial of important causes. He was a man of great industry in pushing his business, being always ready for trial in his cases, but never encouraged litigation, unless confident that his client had a case. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 73 He was always true to his friends; a man of undoubted integrity of character, and sincere in his opinions, con- servative and independent in his politics, and anti-secta- rian in his religious views. ‘He was married June 7, 1843, at Port Gibson, Ontario county, New York, to Cornelia A. Jenkins, daughter of Lewis Jenkins, esq., and grand-daughter of Judge Moses Atwater, of Canandaigua, New York. His wife is still living. MatrHew J. GILBERT was born at New Haven, Con- necticut, in 1810, and was graduated at Yale College in 1829. ‘Having taken the course of study, and attended the lectures, at the law school connected with said col- lege, he came to Columbus, Ohio, in 1830, and after reading law with P. B. Wilcox, esq., was admitted to the bar, in 1831, by the supreme court of Ohio. He imme- diately commenced the practice, at Columbus, and con- tinued engaged therein until his decease, which occurred suddenly, while temporarily absent from home, at Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania, in May, 1848. Mr. Gilbert was an excellent lawyer, and will long be remembered by old clients for refusing, when offered, to take fees that he thought were Zoo high for the services rendered. Wituiam W. Backus, son of Thomas Backus, and Temperance (Lord) Backus, was born on his father’s farm, near Franklinton, in Franklin county, Ohio, on October 12, 1814. He was educated at the primary school, and graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio; studied law in the office of Judge Gustavus Swan, and immediately entered into the practice of the law at Columbus, with his brother, Elijah Backus. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Trumbull county, in 1838, and re-elected in 1840. He was married to Sarah P. Fuller, of Delaware, Ohio, May, 1842, and died, at Columbus, Ohio, in the twenty-ninth year of his age. Exvyau Backus, son of Thomas Backus and Temper- ance Lord Backus, was born on his father’s farm, near Franklinton, Franklin county, Ohio, on March 3, 1812. He was educated in the primary schools at Columbus, studied law with his brother, W. W. Backus, and was admitted to the bar by the supreme court at Columbus, in 1838. He went into the clerk’s office, and, in 1838, was appointed crerk, fvo ¢em., and continued until the spring of 1839, when he entered into the practice of his profession with his brother, William W. Backus, under the firm name of E. & W. W. Backus, which continued until the death of his brother, in 1842. After this Mr. Backus practiced his profession alone, doing a large and lucrative business, not only at home, but on the circuit. He was well versed in the common law, and thoroughly posted in the technicalities of the old practice, which he especially delighted to play off on the younger members of the profession. But as soon as, under the instruction of dear-bought experience, they had fully mastered all the catches and fine points of special pleading, and he found himself often beaten at his own game, he would laugh and say, ‘These young cubs are so fast learning my hand that I will have to throw up.” Mr. Backus was especially familiar with the law on the subject of land titles in the Virginia Military district, and was largely 10 employed in cases arising out of it. Much of his suc- cess was owing to his great nerve and calculating cool- ness in trying a case before a jury. He understood perfectly the system of examining and handling witnesses to the best advantage. He argued his points directly and without wasting words. His early death, on March 3, 1855, in the forty-fourth year of his age, prematurely cut short a career of great promise. From March, 1852, General Joseph Geiger was in partnership with him until his death. He was married to Caroline V. Wheéler, on November 1, 1843, at the then residence of her brother-in-law, where the beautiful Ohio lunatic asylum is built. One son and three daughters survive him. Thomas Sparrow was born at Utica, New York, in July, 1818. His father Samuel Sparrow, was a gentleman of fine ability, as a scholar and man of business; polished in manners and cultured in mind. He was a landholder in Wicklow county, Ireland—a county adjoining Dublin where he married Mary Roe, a sister of the Rev. Peter and Dr. Henry Roe, gentlemen of high standing in Dub- lin. She came with her husband, first temporarily, in 1799, and, having returned to Ireland in 1803 or 1804, removed permanently to America in 1817, and they set- tled at Utica, New York. Samuel Sparrow, having pur- chased a large tract in the ‘“Fire-lands” of northern Ohio, the family removed to Huron county in 1820, and located in what is known as the Woodward neighborhood, and were active in organizing the first Episcopal churches in that part of Ohio. Mrs. Sparrow died in September, 1821, of malarial fever, leaving five children: Susan (Mrs. William Woodward), William (Rev. Dr. Sparrow), Edward,) at present a lawyer at Lake Providence, Louisi- ana), Anna (Mrs. M. H. Mitchell, now living at Mount - Vernon), and Thomas, who was three years old. In 1823 his father took him to Worthington, at that time the seat of Kenyon College, and placed him under the instruction of Mrs. Ingraham, a sister of Bishop Chase’s wife, who subsequently married Dr. Sparrow, a professor in the college, and from that time he was constantly a member of the preparatory schools until he entered the Freshman class, after the removal to Gambier, where he graduated in 1837. He studied law with Mr. P. B. Wilcox, at Columbus, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar on July 8, 1840, by the supreme court, at Tiffin, Seneca county, Ohio, Judges Hitchcock and Lane on the bench. He commenced the practice of law in Columbus, in 1842; first, for one year, in partnership with Fitch James Mathews, and then with Pierrepont, in 1844, which continued two years. He then practiced alone until he was appointed postmaster by President Pierce, for four years, from the fifth of September, 1853, when he formed a partnership with Otto Dressel, which contin ued two years, and he again practiced alone until 18—. He formed a partnership, about 1860, with James E. Wright, esq., which continued until 1869. Mr. Sparrow was elected prosecuting attorney in 1848, and served two years. He was a man who eminently possessed the confidence of the community, in the honesty and integrity of his 74 character. He was twice selected 2 commissioner to in- vestigate alleged defalcations in the treasury of the State, first in the case of Joseph Whithall, and again in the great Breslin and Gibson defalcation, in 1857, and his reports in the matter established his reputation as an impartial seeker after the truth, doing his duty without fear or favor. When the finances of the county were in a sus- Picious situation, he was elected county commissioner, and, without compassion or mercy, scattered the vampires who had fastened on the treasury. Mr. Sparrow was not an advocate, but in the business of the profession, he stood among the very first. He was accurate, and gave general satisfaction to his clients. He was a man of culture, and a constant reader of books. Masonry, which he entered in Magnolia lodge, in 1857, seems to have struck the sympathetic cord of his nature, and, in a very short time after he joined the order, he rose to the highest position, and throughout the State was a marked man, and regarded as one of the ablest ex- pounders of the views of the order. In 1842, he married Martha Sisson, daughter of Dr. P. Sisson, of Columbus, and, after her death, he mar- ried, on March 31, 1869, Mrs. Anna (Purshall) Stokes, the accomplished widow of Horace M. Stokes, his pred- ecessor in the office of grand master of Masons. Mr. Sparrow’s health had been failing for some time before his death, which occurred on August 7, 1871, at his resi- dence in Columbus. Mr. Sparrow was a strong Episcopalian, and from early life identified with the Democratic party of Ohio, and consistently adhered to that organization. His funeral, on August ro, 1871, was attended by the Masons and Knight Templars from different parts of the State, and was the largest and most imposing Masonic funeral that ever took place in Columbus, and will long be re- membered by those who took part in it. Epwarps PieRREPONT was born in North Haven, Connecticut, in the year 1817; graduated at Yale col- lege in the year 1837; studied Jaw in the New Haven law school, under Judge Dagett; was admitted to the bar, in the State of Ohio, in 1841, and entered into partnership in the practice, at Columbns, with his friend, P. B. Wilcox, upon whose suggestion he had come to Ohio, which continued until 1844, and then with ‘Thomas Sparrow, until 1846, when hc removed to New York city, and soon established a large practice there. In 1857 he was elected judge of the superior court, of New York, in place of Chief Justice Oakley, and held that position until 1860, when he resigned. In 1862 he was appointed, with General Dix, to try prisoners of state, confined by the United States govern- ment in the various forts and prisons; and, in 1867, was employed as counsel for the government in the famous Surratt case, who was tried at Washington for complicity in the assassination of President Lincoln. He was ap- pointed, by President Grant, United States attorney for New York; and, in 1875, was appointed attorney-general of the United States. In May, 1876, he was appointed United States minister to the court of St. James, England. He is still living, in New York city, highly esteemed as HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. # a counsellor, and a gentleman of superior legal and scholarly attainments. J. WiLtiaM BaLpwIn was born at New Haven, Con- necticut, April 30, 1822, and was graduated at Yale college, August, 1842. After graduation, he continued to attend the law school connected with said college, until September, 1843, when he came to Ohio, and, hay- ing read law for one year, under the direction of Samuel Brush and Matthew J. Gilbert, attorneys, of Columbus, Ohio, he was admitted to the bar by the supreme court, of Ohio, at its September term, 1844, in Wayne county, Ohio. He immediately commenced the practice, at Columbus, Ohio, and has continued therein ever since, with the exception of a short period, in which he served as judge of the superior court, of Franklin county, Ohio, by appointment of Governor Tod, after the resignation of Judge Mathews. Judge Baldwin is one of the oldest, and most experi- enced practitioners in the profession, and _ especially versed in the learning of the old system of special plead- ing, and has little liking for the modern innovations. He is decidedly the best chancery lawyer at the bar, in Columbus, and his services are in great demand, when- ever a patient and laborious investigation of the matter is required. In 184— he married a daughter of the ven- erable Dr. Hoge, the pioneer minister of Presbyterianism in Central Ohio. Otto DReEssEL was born September 21, 1824, in Det- mald, the capital of the principality of Lippe, Germany, and only about four miles from the battle-field where, about the time of the Saviour’s birth, Arminius delivered Ger- many from the Roman yoke, by defeating Varus and his legions. His father, Adolf Dressel, was director of the teacher’s seminary at Detmald, and his mother, Caroline Dressel, was born at Siebert. He was educated at the col- lege (Gymnasium Leupuldinum) at Detmald, from 1833 to 1842 ; studied law at the University of Lena from 1842 to 1845 ; in 1846, on State examination, at Detmald, was admitted to the bar, and the same year was appointed assisant judge of the city court at Detmald. In 1848, he took part in the revolution, the ultimate object of which was to republicanize Germany. He was president of the Democratic central committee for the district embracing the principality of Lippe, and part of the adjacent Prussian province of Westphalia, and editor of the IFage (Scale), a Democratic newspaper. On March 24, 1849, criminal prosecution was commenced against him, on account of participation in the revolution, and, on September 24, 1849, he was sentenced to im- prisonment. He barely escaped, by precipitate flight, in disguise, and taking refuge on the first vessel he reached, not knowing its destination. His pursuers were close on the track, and searched the vessel, but, by the kindness of the captain, he was concealed effectually. Fortunately, the ship was bound for the United States, and sailed for Baltimore, where he arrived the last of November, 1849, a stranger, poor and friendless ; but his talents and energy were equal to the emergency. He went West, settled at Massillon, Ohio, in 1850, studied law with Hurlburt & Wales, and, in 1852, was admitted to the bar by the su- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 75 preme court, under special act of the legislature, allowing him to apply for admittance, and to practice, before nat- uralization, and practiced law in Massillon until 1853. He then came to Columbus, and for two years practised, in partnership with Thomas Sparrow, and afterwards with Judge R. B. Warden. In 1855 he was married to Louisa M. Silbernagel, the daughter of Jacob Silbernagel, an old and influential German citizen of Columbus. In 1861 he was elected a represantative in the general assembly from the county of Franklin, on the Democratic ticket, and took a prominent part in that body, and was re-elected in 1863. On the fourteenth of December, 1864, he resigned his seat that he might more fully de- vote himself to the practice of his profession. Columbus contains a large German population, and as a member of the board of education, Mr. Dressel has ex- ercised a thoughtful supervision over the schools. Being a fine scholar, Mr. Dressel possesses a natural and highly cultivated taste for music, and for some years has occu- pied the position of musical director of the Maennerchor of Columbus. Mr. Dressel is one of the most popular and successful German stump orators in the west, and his services are in great demand by his party during polit- ical campaigns. He is a man universally held in high respect. by his fellow citizens, and a good lawyer. SamuEL GALLoway was born March 20, 1811, at Gettys- burg, Pennsylvania. His parents were John and Mar- garet (Smith) Galloway. His ancestors on the maternal side emigrated to the United Colonies early in the eighteenth century, and were then recognized as con- nected with that portion of the people usually called Scotch-Irish. They belonged to a good old Presbyterian stock. He lived in his native town until near his major- ity, obtaining his education in the schools there, and on the death of his father, who was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church, he removed to the State of Ohio, to make his home among relatives in Highland county. From his home he entered Miami university, Oxford, and graduated with distinguished honor, in the class of 1833, and immediately entered upon the study of the Jaw at Hillsboro. He did not at once complete his legal studies, but accepted, for a term, the chair of Greek in his Alma Mater, Miami university, and went from there to South Hanover, Indiana, to enter upon the congenial pursuits of literature and language. His success in teaching these departments is attested by his colleagues. He soon renewed and completed his preparation for the bar, dur- ing which time he became zealously identified with the Washingtonian temperance movement, of which he was a most eloquent advocate. He was admitted to the bar, and, in 1843, began the practice of the law with Nathaniel Massie, of Chilli- cothe, and was distinguished as an eloquent advocate before a jury. During the same year he was chosen, by the State legislature, secretary of State, and, removing to Columbus, he entered upon the duties of his office, with the added responsibility of commissioner of common schools. In his first report he began arranging the chaotic materials found in the crude, imperfect, and very partial reports of the county auditors and school boards, and, in conjunction with Prof. Calvin E. Stone and Horace Mann by personal exhortation and stirring addresses, successfully put in operation the system of popular edu- cation in the State, of which the people of Ohio are so justly proud. When the slavery question loomed up, in 1832 and 1840, he promptly ranged himself in the anti-slavery ranks, though never identified with the “Liberty party,” and with patriotic veneration he did not sunder the tie that bound him to the Whig party. From the outset of his political career he began to make his mark. As the eloquent speaker, he is most vividly recalled by those who knew him. No description can convey a just idea of his manner and style. No man could sway more suc- cessfully the feelings of a crowd. In 1854-5 he represented the Columbus district in congress, and in two other congressional contests, his personal popularity was demonstrated by a large vote, ir- respective of party ties. In congress, he added renown to his name, as the advocate of freedom in Kansas, and his speech on the Kansas bill was a theme for eulogy in this country, and in foreign periodicals, such as Blackwood, and the Worth British Review. He took a prominent part in the Ohio movement, originating in Columbus, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for president at the Chicago convention, over both Chase and Seward, and in the correspondence with Lincoln after Judge Swan’s defeat for renomination, in 1859, by the ultra wing of the Republican party. During the war, Mr. Galloway received a commission as judge advocate for the exam- ination of military and naval prisoners at Camp Chase, and in that service he continued until the,close of the war, the duties of which office he performed faithfully, ‘“‘with malice towards -none, and charity to all.” He filled the position of trustee in several of the benevolent institutions of the State, and at the time of his death, was trustee of the deaf and dumb asylum. Mr, Gal- loway, as a lawyer, had great power with the jury, especially in cases where his wit and inimitable humor was brought into play, and his fame as an orator will never die. hat his great services were not more fully recog- nized by those he raised to the highest seat of power, is another illustration of the ingratitude of party leaders. He died in 1872, at Columbus, in the fifty-first year his age. He was a prominent member of the old school Presbyterian church, and often a representative in its ecclesiastical bodies. James A. Witcox was born in Columbus, on Septem- ber 23, 1828. He is the only son of the late P. B. Wilcox, hereinbefore mentioned. In 1841 he attended school at Milnor Hall, Gambier, and completed his edu- cation at Yale college, in the class of 1850. Upon returning from college he read law under his father, and was admitted to the bar at Delaware, in 1851, and at once entered upon the practice of law with his father, at Columbus, and, in due time, established a good business. He was city solicitor of Columbus from 1854 to 1859, and, at the request of the city council, compiled, for 76 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. publication, the city charter and ordinances, which had never been collated, but lay scattered through the various journals of council. In September, 1872, while in full practice, he was ap- pointed, by Governor Tod, colonel of the hundred and thirteenth Ohio volunteer infantry, then organizing at Camp Chase, near Columbus. Having, as a matter of recreation, given some attention to military tactics in previous years, he was soon able to bring his regiment into a fine state of discipline during the time it was stationed at Camp Chase, Camp Zanesville, and Camp Dennison. On December 27, 1862, he was ordered from Camp Dennison to Louisville, Kentucky, where danger was anticipated from a raid by Morgan. In January, 1863, he moved his regiment from Louisville to Muldraugh’s Hills, a wild region thirty milés south of Louisville, on the Louisville & Nashville railrod, where he remained about a month, guarding the reconstruction of the rail- road trestles there, which had just been destroyed by Morgan. Then he was ordered back to Louisville, and from there to Nashville, Tennessee, by river, forming a part of a re-inforcement of about twenty thousand men sent “to the front” under General Crook, and from Nashville to Franklin, Tennessee. , Soon after his arrival, he was prostrated with camp fever, and lay for about two months in hospital at Nash- ville. Being entirely incapacitated to endure the ex- posure and hardships of a soldier’s life in the field, and his father, having suddenly died in the meantime, he resigned, in April, 1863, and returned home. Finding the practice of law dull in those war times, he accepted the office of United States provost marshal for the seventh (Columbus) district, where he served until September 3, 1864, when, without any solicitation on his part, and upon the urgent recommendation of Governor Brough, who was much dissatisfied with the conduct of that branch of the service, he was promoted by the secretary of war to the office of United States assistant provost-marshal-general of the State, which also embraced the duties of superintendent of recruiting and chief mustering and disbursing officer; and, afterward, when General Cox took his seat as governor, he was also assigned, in his place, to the command of the military district of Ohio. ~ In these several capacities he had charge over all the camps and troops in the State, as well as of the draft, ar- rest of deserters, recruiting and equipping new regiments and forwarding them to the ficld ; and, upon the close of the war, of receiving, paying, mustering out and sending to their homes all the Ohio troops—duties which were dif- ficult and arduous, and, at times, when political excite- ment ran high, not without peril to those who enforced military law. He pursued a steady and firm course through all the difficulties of the situation, guided by his knowledge of law, as well as military affairs, and integrity of purpose, so that even the most “disaffected” had no just cause to complain of his administration, or of the extraordinary power in his hands. At the close of the war, on October 19, 1865, he was mustered out of the service, having been brevetted brig- adier general by the department, “for meritorious ser- vices in the recruitment of the armies of the United States,” forwarded to him with the complimentary notifi- cation that his office had ranked second in the United States for promptness, fidelity, and efficiency in its man- agement. He immediately resumed the practice of law in Colum- bus, which he pursued with fair success, gradually build- ing up a good business, and was appointed United States commissioner for the southern district of Ohio, in 1869. In August, 1872, he accepted the position of general at- torney of the Columbus & Hocking Valley and Colum- bus & Toledo railroad companies, tendered him by their president, M. M. Greene, gave up his practice, and has since devoted his time to the duties of that office. In 1874, he compiled the ‘Railroad Laws of Ohio,” with annotations of the decisions of courts, which was published by Clarke & Co., of Cincinnati, and has proved a valuable assistance to lawyers and others en- gaged in railroad business. In 1853 he married Lucy, daughter of Joseph Sulli- vant, of Columbus, and has four children—a daughter, Mary, married to A. H. Morehead, son of the late Gov- ernor Morehead, of Kentucky, and three boys—James B., Starling S., and Sherlock BP sine Bi: IRS |: YES - Bf: SIPS METHODIST. eee Episcopal, Circlevillesuccis sscccnns sawn aa pita aa sau 360] 375] 100 M:. Ex; Circlevilletic cis jccsccis ssvisis aa accians , ..| 163] 121} 40 Darbyvilie, Renick’s Chapel and Genoa 200| 290| 80 Tarlton: ss scsi Coide ta sine sana ee fee 129| 130] 86 Williamsport, Mt. Pleasant, W. Union, L Run 366] 300] 200 'S. Bloomfield, Hedges’ Chapel, E: Union, Cagn 288] 280] 130 New Holland, Cedar Grove, Loc. Grove, H. Run .- «| 327] 309] 115 Oak Grove, Salem, Emmitt’s Chapel...........0 .6 sees ee eee eens 60] 140] 35 Greenland, Five: Points, Hebrotine ss aes vicen ceases sone es 163, 165] 75 PNA ys claus apspigeeoas sat eacuasane saseeep aut Seances fee uayarecs eign ant seed 2z052\2110| 861 UNITED BRETHREN. Tarlton, Dreisbach, Morr's Chapel, Pontious.. . .............. 125] 115] 23 Circleville 2 38 East Ringgold, Bethlehem.. 24 Mt. Hermon, Scioto, Rehobe a Votallieyeiccnd sexton ied Med eBAO PIS Gh OG Re See Aladdin 4h Oe 85 PRESBYTERIAN. : Circleville; Birstiscsn o sswing sous os ek pe aggans at awe meramins Va as 160} 130] 20 Circleville, Central. 22 Darby, Scioto... wit sandy ai-ninn 26 vionitie wt sonal acim See 2S 20 Prairie. View, (Cumb.)iciavaiine ag pemin cesaangite @ sace cblecnape 75| 45| 17 To talsen iienvn ss ciation penal Aaeisselhe civ os Tae Ty aati Re -| 449) 460; 79 GERMAN LUTHERAN. 55 75 75 Totaltsds sanene writs ox aals ena ahr ena oar Tes Sine aS 685} 454] 205 ENGLISH LUTHERAN. Cinclevilless seus ance sitet: S808 9 asad EPS eS es Hee 37| 35] 12 STAC] COM atic di0.c was stews aha odend’ He Deacsiede" hee atotepsde prasad pombe 60] 75] 30 Totally cise us waiaen Wiautas oe ce he Atanas pranaeaNes SERRE NES 97| 110] 42 Circleville, First 60} 80} 30 Circleville, Second... ...... cc cci eee c eee en eee nen ee en tent eeeee 98] 100) 24 Total esata nities vstenins ea dpatiarn vehons eel O NE TAS eeas Hata 158] 180] 54 EVANGELICAL ‘Civclevill@: ccc sa voy Sis aeag Beans na Aahawaad daaE REE Meg a oy 200] 226] 75 Pleasant View........:ceceeereceeneneenene 40] 55| 20 Ebenezer, St. Paul, Mt. Zion, Emmanuel T15| 170] 40 Votalian vx aliens ce piw 8: ese na ii 3 serene PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. bu. Philin’s, Circleville... css. .cas 34 shea v9 teen ee oreat ya pees GERMAN BRETHREN, WipClevilles i. csaniniaverond sain saa 1a Soe eee edi e@ie ew pM ee 40] 40) 14 PREDESTINATION BAPTIST Prairie: View sua i oi vans de stad eeaae ta ie aay a sad ot pawn ean vee es 2Opawis alaees ROMAN CATHOLIC. St. Joseph’s, Circleville... ...... ccc eceee ee eee cree ee eee eee es 450] 200] 13 Grand VO tale ea ise oa sataies naming ahs Vaisareea waren es Shame aie ALAS 487914672|1518 AN OLD TEACHERS’ ASSOCIATION. In May, 1833, “an Association of Teachers and Board of Education in Pickaway county,” was organized, of which Guy W. Doane was president; Joseph Olds, vice- president; Arthur Whiteside, secretary; Sylvester Dana, 106 treasurer, and S. Dana, Roswell Hill, Archibald U. Boalse, George A. Patterson and A. Whiteside, counsellors. The object of the association was to promote harmony, co- operation and the diffusion of knowledge among the members. Its meetings are held quarterly. CHAPTER XIX. MILITARY RECORD. To narrate the many acts of, heroic devotion to the Union, evinced by the inhabitants of the counties of Franklin and Pickaway, during those terrible years of the Rebellion, would require a volume in itself. Columbus and vicinity have furnished the location of many schools, where was taugh the “ dread art of war.” Even as early as 1812, we find an extensive encampment located near the then flourishing village of Franklinton. Later, during the Mexican war, a camp of rendezvous was established near Columbus, and last, in 1861, we find the Capitol city nearly surrounded by them. LEarly.in the summer of this year, the lands comprised in what is now the beauti- ful retreat called Goodale park, were occupied as a mili- tary rendezvous, styled Camp Jackson, and here were organized and drilled the first troops who went to war from this section. Camp Chase was next formed. It was situated on the National road, some four miles from the city, in Franklin township, and, after it was ready for occupancy, Camp Jackson was abandoned. Camp Chase became, from a simple place of rendezvous, quarters for paroled prisoners of war, and, later, great numbers of rebel prisoners were kept in confinement here. This was one of the most complete camps in the State, and was in use until the close of the war. Another camp (Thomas) was established at a point near the Worthington road, and distant some four miles from the city. It was first occupied by the Eighteenth regiment United States infantry, commanded by Colonel H. B. Carrington. Tod Barracks, named in honor of Ohio’s patriotic gov- ernor,;David Tod, were constructed in the fall of 1863. The location was on the east side of High strect, and north of the railroad depot. ‘They were for the accom- modation of sick or disabled soldiers and recruits, and were subsequently the rendezvous of military organiza- tions, awaiting muster out. The United States garrison, situated northeast of, and some two miles from, the State house, was occupied by the United States, during the war, as an arsenal. The troops stationed here at present, are under the command of Colonel Anderson, of the United States army. The Soldiers’ home, located in Columbus, was estab- lished April 22, 1862, by, and under the supervision of, the Soldiers’ Aid society. It was of great benefit to the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. needy soldier, whether clad in the blue or the gray. It closed, May 7, 1866, and the buildings, furniture, etc., were donated to the Hannah Neil mission—Ohio Soldiers’ home. In the spring of 1864, the government erected buildings, some twenty in number, near the crossing of the Columbus & Xenia railroad, on the State quarry tract. These were denominated Tripler hospital, and in the fall of 1865, they were donated to the State for a sol- diers’ home. This was, we learn, the nucleus of the present establishment at Dayton. , The Ladies’ Soldiers’ Aid society was formed in the fall of 1861, as an auxiliary to the National Sanitary commission at Washington. It was eminently a success. Thousands of our brave boys at the front, in the field, and in the hospital, were made more comfortable through the patriotic efforts of the ladies composing this society. At Circleville, a society of the same nature, toiled early and late for the soldier. During the memorable raid of the rebel John Mor- gan through Ohio, in the summer of 1863, which eventually resulted in his capture, in Columbiana county, a great number of men turned out from Franklin and Pickaway counties to aid in the defence of points it was believed he would attack, and though theirs was a blodless campaign, yet they are entitled to credit for their ready response to the call. Many interesting inci- dents, ludicrous and otherwise, might be given, but space forbids. The rallying of the squirrel hunters, in the autumn of 1862, was another instance illustrating the readiness with which the citizens of Ohio sprang to the defence of the flag. The writer is unable to give the number who par- ticipated from the counties of Franklin and Pickaway, but he is informed there were several hundred of them. The descriptions following are compiled from the valu- able work, by Whitelaw Reid, entitled “Ohio in the War.” The roster is prepared in the office of the adjutant- general of the State of Ohio, and the names are copied verbatim, hence the writer cannot be responsible for errors in spelling. In addition to the rolls, the writer has availed himself of all the aids within his reach, to make the roster complete, showing the name of every soldier, of whatever rank, enrolled from the two counties. Some ten thousand names are given, and it is hoped none are omitted, though, from the imperfect condition of the rolls, and the carelessness in recording credits, it is highly probable that omissions occur. WAR OF 1812. The following is copied from a muster roll now pre- served in the office of the adjutant-general of Ohio, of Captain George Sanderson’s company. This was re- cruited in the counties of Franklin, Fairfield, and Dela- ware, but as we have no means by which to designate those from each county, we give the roll entire. It was attached to the Twenty-seventh regiment United States infantry, commanded by Colonel George Paul, and formed a part of General Harrison’s army at the defence of Fort Stephenson, and was in the disastrous battle of the Thames, October 5, 1813: HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 107 ‘COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain George Sanderson, en]. April 9, 1813. First Lieutenant Abner P. Pinney, commdg. Co. on muster out. Second Lieutenant Audory Buttler, commdg. Co. on muster out. Second Lieutenant Andrews Bushnell, enl. May 4, 1813. Second Lieutenant John H. Mefford, enl. May 28, 1813. Second Lieutenant Abraham J. Fisk, enl. Aug. 15, 1813. Ensign William Hall, enl. May 2, 1813. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Linus Williams, enl. May 5, 1813; appointed Sergeant- Major July 4, 1813. First Sergeant John Vanmeter, enl. June 3, 1813; appointed First Ser- geant July 4, 1813. Second Sergeant Chauncey Miller, enl. May 4, 1813. Third Sergeant Robert Sanderson, enl. April 28, 1813. Fourth Sergeant Joshua Pierce, enl. April 24, 1813. Fifth Sergeant John Neibling, enl. April 23, 1813. First Corporal John Dugane, enl. April 10, 1813. Second Corporal John Collins, enl. April 12, 1813. Third Corporal Luther Edson, enl. April 26, 1813. Fourth Corporal Peter Gary, enl April —, 1813; absent, sick. Fifth Corporal Smith Headly, enl. June 8, 1813. Sixth Corporal Daniel I. Bartholomew, enl. May 8, 1813. Drummer Jonathan C. Shupe, enl. May 8, 1813. Fifer Abraham Deeds, enl. April 28, 1813. PRIVATES. William Anderson, enl. May 29, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. Joseph Anderson, enl. April 27, 1813; sick at Upper Sandusky. John Atkins, enl. May 31, 1813. Joseph Allways, enl. June 22, 1813. Thomas Boyle, enl. April 16, 1813. John Bartholomew, enl. June 18, 1813. John Berryman, enl. June 1g, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. Henry Bixler, enl. May 27, 1813. Abram Bartholomew, enl. May 31, 1813. Samuel Bartholomew, enl. June 8, 1813. James Braden, enl. July 23, 1813; sick. Sheldon Bebee, enl. April 28, 1813. James Brown, enl. April 27, 1813. John Beaty, enl. April 15, 1813. Eli Brady, enl. July 7, 1813. Charles Burdinoo, enl. May 8, 1813. John Batteese, enl. June 4, 1813. Daniel Baker, enl. May 24, 1813; on command. John Bussey, enl. April 26, 1813. Thomas Billings, enl. June 3, 1813. Daniel Benjamin, enl. April 27, 1813. Henry Case, enl. April 26, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. Joseph Clark, enl. May 18, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. Holdon K. Collins, enl. June 5, 1813; sick in camp. Blades Cremenes, enl. April 19, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. Chester P. Cole, enl. May 12, 1813. William Cady, enl. May 12, 1813; died Nov. 20, 1813. Samuel Cady, enl. May 12, 1813; sick at Seneca. Nathan Case, enl. April 29, 1813; waiter for Lieutenant Pinney. Chaney Clark, enl. April 27, 1813. Almon Carleton, enl. June 17, 1813; died Nov. 28, 1813. Stephen Cook, enl. July 5, 1813; died Nov. 8, 1813. David Crosby, enl. June 30, 1813. Sick. Jesse Davis, enl. May 20, 1813; appointed Sergeant May 20. Asa Draper, enl. June 28, 2813. Walter Dunham, enl. May 1, 1813. Enos Devore, enl. May 31, 1813. Benjamin Daily, enl. June 18, 1813; discharged July 12, 1813. John Evans, enl. June 14, 1813. Joseph Ellinger, enl. April 16, 1813. Peter Fulk, enl. April 26, 1813. John Forsythe, enl. April 28, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. Daniel Filkall, enl. May 1, 1813. John Faid, enl. April 22, 1813; discharged Nov. 23, 1813. - Ephraim Grimes, enl. May 14, 1813. Wilson L. Gates, enl. July 6, 1813. Elnathan Gregory, enl. June 21, 1813. Joseph Gibson, enl. June 5, 1813; Died Aug. 28, 1813. Samuel Gause, enl. June 25, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. John Hunt, enl. June r2, 1813. James Hagerty, enl. June 22, 1813. Josiah Hinkley, enl. April 17, 1813; died Sep. 5, 1813. John Hall, enl. May 30, 1813. Frederick Hartman, enl. April 30, 1813; died at Zanesville. David Hughes, enl. May 26, 1813. Perlin Holcomb, enl. April 18, 1813. John Harter, enl. April 27, 1813. Jacob Headley, enl. April 27, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. John Harberson, enl. July 19, 1813. . John Jee, enl. April 16, 1813; sick. Ambrose Joicc, enl. June 22, 1813. James Jones, enl. July 4, 1813. John Johnston, enl. May 1, 1813; sick. James Jackson, enl. May rg, 1813; dischaarged (no date.) John Johnston, 2nd, enl. ; on furlough. John Kisler, enl. April 17, 1813. Jonas Kincaid, enl. June 9,, 1813. George Kissinger, enl. June 23, 1813; sick. Jonathan Kittsmiller, enl. May 5, 1813. Samuel Kiniman, enl, May 30, 1813. Joseph Larimore, enl. April 24, 1813. Frederick Lathere, enl. April 27, 1813. Henry Lief, enl. May 31, 1813. Amos Leonard, enl. May 28, 1813. Merinas M. Loveland, enl. April 27, 1813. William Louther, enl. June 21, 1813. John McClung, enl. April 28, 1813. Morris McGarvy, enl. June 1, 1813. Joseph McClung, enl. June 11, 1813; sick. John McElwayne, enl. June 1, 1813. Francis McCloud, enl. June 14, 1813. Hosea Merril, enl. Aug. 13, 1813. John McConkey, enl. May 31, 1813. Joshua Mellow, enl. May 4, 1813. James Mose, enl. April 9, 1813; shot at Seneca Aug. z, 1813. Thomas Mapes, enl. June 28, 1813; sick. John McBride, enl. June 28, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. William McClain, enl. June 16, 1813; sick at Put-in- Bay. Henry Mains, enl. June 13, 1813; sick. Andrew Miller, enl. June 5, 1813. John McConneil, enl. June 15, 1813. Alexander McCord, enl. June 8, 1813. William Naper, enl. May 19, 1813. Isachar Nickerson, enl. June 19, 1813. . George Osborn, enl. April 26, 1813. George Parks, enl. May 26, 1813; died Nov. 28, 1813. Lemuel Prat, enl. April 29, 1813; on recruiting service. Roswell Paine, enl. June 6, 1813. Benjamin Parkhurst, enl. June 5, 1813. Luther Palmer, enl. April 29, 1813; sick. Arzel Pierce, enl. May 3, 1813. John Ray, enl. April 28, 1813. David Ridinour, enl. April 30, 1813. William Reed, enl. May 16, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay, George Rophy, enl. April 27, 1813; died Dec. 2, 1813. Elijah Rogers, enl. May 25, 1813.’ Asa Rose, enl. July 15, 1813. Joseph Stratler, enl. May 22, 1813. Henry Shadley, enl. June 8, 1813; died at Fort Ball. Christian B. Smith, enl. June 28, 1813. Perry Spry, enl. June 4, 1813. John Sunderland, enl. June 5, 1813. Christian Shyhawk, enl. June 17, 1813; died Nov. 18, 1813. David Severs, enl. May 19, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. John Severs, enl. June 9, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. Henry Skills, enl. May 22, 1813; sick at Put-in-Bay. Ephraim Summers, enl. April 23, 1813; sitk at Seneca. Henry C. Strait, enl. April 17, 1813. Jonathan Sardon, enl. April 27, 1813. Jacob Shroup, enl. May 22, 1813. Charles Smith, enl. April 20, 1813. Mynder Shears, enl. May 19, 1873. Adam Siner, enl. June 23, 1813. John Smith, enl. July 4, 1813. Thomas Sharp, enl. July 4, 1813. Solomon Sheanor, enl. July 4, 1813. 108 George Shadwick, enl. Sept. 25, 1813. David Taylor, enl. June 9, 1813. Jacob Trovinger, enl. June 2, 1813. Frederick Tester, enl. April 27, 1813. Benjamin Thorp, enl. April 19, 1813; sick. Frederick Tucker, enl. May 21, 1813; sick. John Thorp, enl. May ro, 1813. Joseph Twaddle, enl. April 16, 1813; sick. Peter Caneley, enl. June 1, 1813. Lewis Canway, enl. April 28, 1813; died Oct. 27. Jacob Canway, enl. April 19, 1813; sick. Alexander Walker, enl. May 15, 1813; sick. : Joseph Wilson, enl. June 19, 1813; discharged Sept. 15. Ansel White, enl. April 20, 1813; sick. Jacob Weaver, enl. May 28, 1813. Jacob Wheeler, enl. May 25, 1813. David Walters, enl, April 27, 1813. Thomas Wheatley, enl. April 12, 1813. Joseph Wright, enl. June 30, 1813; sick, John Welshaus, enl. May 25, 1813. Coonrod Wolfley, enl. May 31, 1813. * Flavel Williams, enl. May 31, 1813. Wiiliam Wallice, enl. June 4, 1813; on command. Archibald Wilson, enl. ——; on command. William Watson, enl. April 28, 1813. Henry Zimmerman, enl. June 7, 1813; sick. Daniel Zipler, enl. July 6, 1813. Seymour Tyler, enl. July 29, 1813. The above roll was made out in December, 1813, but we are unable to obtain the date when they were dis- charged the service. STATE MILITIA. Roll of the Second Company, Second Regiment, Fifth Brigade and Second Division. This company was recruited in Deer Creek and sur- rounding townships. It served under General Harrison at Upper San- dusky, and, without doubt, at other points, though of this fact the writer has no definite knowledge. The original roll was obtained from Benj. F. Alkire, of Deer Creek township, and bears date September 6, 1817: Captain, John M. Alkire; lieutenant, Jesse Cannon; ensign, Isaac Davis ; sergeants, George Phebus, Jeremiah Brown, John P. Martin ; corporals, Nimrod Alkire, William Grayham, Thomas Abbott, Janus Furnes ; musician, Jacob Miller ; privates, James Shackleford, John Prater, Samuel, Ator, Henry Hines, Jr., Leaven Walsten, George Tre- horn, Robert Johnston, Peter Brown, Henry Peck, John Hines, James ‘artin, Josiah Walstone, Abraham Cade, Jonah Props, Henry Rector, Samuel Phebus, Jesse Peck, James Smith, Jacob Peck, Jeremiah Ulm, William Walstone, Abraham Eater, David Yates, Caleb Baggs, Ezra Woodsworth, Edward Rector, Jacob Hines, James Liget. Hiram Funk, William McGath, Jacob Terwilliger, Phenis Cade, Babel McGath, Henry Hines, Sr., Jonah H. Smith, Moses Cherry, .\braham Bert, William Hammons, Daniel Roads, Jonah Shabe, John Roads, John Mills, Abijah Cory, Simon Hornback, John Spangler, Samuel Megath, Joseph Slotherd, Tubman Robison, Thomas Vanhook, Benjamin Free- man, James Mills, William Ike, David Cooper, Amos Carr, John Run- els, Stephen Tiffen, Jacob Funk, Powel Ike, Soveren Muir, David Baggs, James Walstone, John Hallstead, Jr., Jacobus Hallstead, William Shep- ard, George Robertson, Adam Guro, Anderson P. Lacey, Joseph ‘Tiffin, Isaac Wolf, James Curry, Joseph Brown, James ‘Truson, ‘Thomas Ater, Levi Rose, Alexander Hotstead, John Scott, William Norris, Samuel Thomas, James Golers, Thomas Simson, William Brown, Samucl Stonerock, Joseph Camp, Matthew larlds, ‘Thomas Brown, Adam Spanger, Thomas Gorman, John Bilings, Sumerset Dawsey, Robert Ofordapor. MEXICAN WAR, Muster roll of Captain Otto Zirckel’s company in the J’ourth Regi- ment of Ohio Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Charles Brough, which was called into the service of the United States under the act of Congress approved May 13, 1846, from the twenty-seventh day of May, 1847, when mustered, to the eighteenth day of July, 1848, when discharged. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain, Otto Zirckel, mustered out with company. First Lieutenant, Edward Plessler; promoted First Lieutenant Sept. 24, 1847. Mustered out w:th company. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND | PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Second Lieutenant, Frederic Schmidt; mustered out with company. Second Lieutenant, Herman Taeger; promoted from Sergeant Sept. 24, 1847. Mustered out with company. First Lieutenant, George Cullman; died Sept. 20, 1847, of sunstroke, while in pursuit of guerrillas. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant, John Kern; appointed First Seargent Nov. 20, 1847. Mustered out with company. Second Sergeant, John Prickenbacher; mustered out with company. Third Sergeant, Frederic Pluff ; mustered out with company. Fourth Sergeant, G. A. Fuchs; mustered out with company. First Corporal, Charles Stephany; mustered out with company. Second Corporal, Andrew Pleinhard; mustered out with company. Third Corporal, Peter Freudenberger; mustered out with company. lourth Sergeant, Mathias Pluff; mustered out with company. Musieian, Wilmer Simons; mustered out with company. Musician, Henry Snyder; mustered out with company. PRIVATES Henry Bieber, mustered out with company. Christ. Bruck, mustered out with company. Jacob Breith, mustered out with company. John Battlefield, mustered out with company. Andrew Baumeister, mustered out with company. John Bergwitz, mustered out with company. William Dadt; mustered out with company. Paulus Dussel, mustered out with company. Fred. Deeker, mustered out with company. John Adam Eitel, mustered out with company. Pearce Freese, mustered out with company. William Fassig, mustered out with company. Henry Goebel, mustered out with company. Jacob F. Glauner, mustered out with company. Sebastian Gramlich, mustered out with company. Fredr. Harras, mustered out with company. John Hoffman, mustered out with company. Jacob F. Hiller, mustered out with company. Jacob Hittler, mustered out with company. George Kohlepp, mustered ou} with company. Gottleib Link, mustered out with company. Henry Longhenry, mustered out with company. Peter Marx, mustered out with company. Joseph Meyer, mustered out with gompany. August Martens, mustered out with company George Nithard, mustered out with company. Ulrich Pleil, mustered out with company. John Planft, mustered out with company. Adolf Plaetger, mustered out with company. George Schmidt, mustered out with company. George Shaeffer, mustered out with company. George Steinman, mustered out with company. John Schroll, mustered out with company. Henry Schreiner, mustered out with company. George Schartzman, mustered out with company. John B, Scherzer, mustered out with company. Jacob Schoenhaub, mustered out with company. 1. V. Scheuerman, mustered out wich company. Sacob Schmery, mustered out with company. George ‘T. Scholl, mustered out with company. Anton Speck, musrered out with company. John ‘Tobler, mustered out with company. Vaulus Trott, mustered out with company, ‘YT. G,. Trapp, mustered out with company. John ‘Trapp, mustered out with company. Jobn Voeth, mustered out with company. Lawrence Weinesdorfer, mustered out with company. Ilenry Witzel, mustered out with company. Christian Woehrly, mustered out with company. John Watter, mustered out with company. John Wieler, mustered out with company. lIenry Steinmitz, died at Matamoras, Mexico, Sept. 16, 1847, Jacob Schenkel, died at Vera Cruz, Mexico, Nov. 23, 1847. Jacob Nold, died at Vera Cruz, Mexico, Dec. 29, 1847. leter Oestringer, Died at Puebla, Mexico, Feb, 15, 1847. Gustav Hahn, died at Puebla, Mexico, March 30, 1847. Virst Sergeant Edward Lilly, discharged for disability Jan. 17, 1848, John Martin Hansel, discharged for disability Nov. 5, 1847. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 10g Adam Plickenbacher, discharged for disability Nov. 5, 1847. Charles Hantz, discharged for disability Jan. 12, 1848. Burchard Steinlein, discharged for disability Feb. 24, 1848. William Kachner, discharged on account of wounds, Feb. 24, 1848. Napoleon Meyer, discharged for disability Jan. 16, 1848. Anton Voeth, discharged for disability March 3, 1848. Benedict Diesteizwig, transferred to regimental band. Jacob Tehneider, transferred to regimental band. William Schneider, promoted to Q. M. Sergeant Aug. 20, 1848. SECOND REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Dennison, in August and September, 1861. Before this period, it was in the three months service, participating in the first “flurry” of war around Washington city. In the organ- ization for three years, the majority of the field, line and staff had seen three months’ service. In September, 1861, the regiment, with a full comple- ment of officers, and over nine hundred men, moved, by order of General O. W. Mitchell, to Olympian Springs, in eastern Kentucky. This was the first regiment of national troops in that portion of the State, and the good behavior of the soldiers of the Second regiment did much to remove the general opinion that the “yankees” were anything except honorable. On the twenty-second of October, the regiment made a forced night march, of nearly thirty miles, surprising, and totally defeating the rebels, under Jack May. The rebel loss, in killed and wounded, was considerable, while the Second came off unharmed. Subsequently, the regiment joined the command of General Nelson, and was in the movement on Preston- burg, and the repulse of the rebels at Ivy Mountain, in which it lost two men killed, and seven wounded. From here the Second repaired to Louisville, where it was brigaded, and attached to the division of General O. M. Mitchell. The winter of 1861-2 was passed in perfecting them- selves in drill, preparatory to the arduous work before them. In February, 1862, the division, Major-general B. C. Buell commanding, moved on Bowling Green, Gallatin and Nashville, occupying the last-named place. When, on march, General Buell’s army moved to the assistance of General Grant, at Pittsburgh Landing, the Second Ohio moved, with its division, on Murfreesboro, Shelby- ville, Fayetteville, and Huntsville, and engaged in several small affairs with the enemy, along the Memphis & Charleston railroad. The regiment was also with the column that first occupied Bridgeport. On Bragg’s invasion of Kentucky, the Second Ohio, then stationed at Battle Creek, Tennessee, moved across the mountains, to Louisville, where the army was organ- ized. The Second was assigned to Rosseau’s division, in General McCooks left wing, and, with two divisions of that command, participated in the well-contested battle of Perryville, or Chaplin Hills, losing, on the 8th of October, nearly forty per cent. of all engaged. Captains Berryhill and Herel, and twenty-seven enlisted men, were killed, and Captains Beatty, Maxwell and McCoy, and eighty- seven enlisted men, wounded. Our army pursued the flying rebels as far as Crab Orchard, and returned to Nashville. General Wm. S. Rosecrans, succeeding Buell in command, changed the name of the department to the “Army of the Cumberland.” Subsequently, the division to which the Second Ohio was attached, was assigned to the Fourteenth army corps, General George H. Thomas, commanding, where it remained up to the battle of Atlanta, participating in all the marches and bat- tles of that distinguished corps. At the battle of Stone River, December 31, 1862, the Second was closely en- gaged, andsuffered serious loss. In this action the regi- ment captured the colors of the Thirty-second regiment Arkansas volunteers. Chickamauga was the next battle- ground. In this hotly-contested engagement, the regi- ment lost one hundred and eighty-three officers and men, killed, wounded and missing. Falling back into the intrenchments, they remained until November 24, 1862, when the brigade to which the Second Ohio was attached was sent to the assistance of General Hooker, participated, on Lookout mountain, in his celebrated battle above the clouds. In the battle of Mission Ridge, which occurred on the succeeding day, the regiment made its way to the crest, with slight loss, and captured the colors of the Thirty-eighth Alabama. ‘The enemy was pursued to Ringgold, Georgia, where a halt was made. The regiment was in the advance in the reconnoissance to Buzzard’s Roost, in February, 1864. In May, following, the regiment formed a portion of Sherman’s force for the Atlanta campaign, and on the fourteenth of that month, at Resaca, suffered heavily in an attempt to carry, by assault, the enemy’s intrenched position, losing Captain Jacob Fottrell, and twelve men, killed, and Captains Staley and Mitchell, and twenty-seven men, wounded. The regiment next moved with the division to the Ghattahootchie river, and on July 21, 1864, took part in the battle of Peachtree creek. Here First Lieutenant and Adjutant John W. Thomas was killed, the last man of the regiment to offer up his life for the flag. The regiment remained in front of Atlanta until August 1, 1864, when it was ordered to Chattanooga, for final discharge, and some four weeks later was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, having seen thirty-eight months of active service. The regiment’s loss, killed in battle, one hundred and eleven; wounded, four hundred and twenty-five. . SECOND REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY B. Mustered into service September 18, 1861, for three years. - COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain O. C. Maxwell. First Lieutenant, John A. Allen. Second Lieutenant John F. Gallagher. NON-NOMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Jacob A. Leonard. Sergeant Jacob Thompson. Sergeant Tobias Ross. Sergeant Benton Richard. Sergeant Alexander Schenck. Corporal John W. Buehner. Corporal Andrew I. Ward. Corporal Cyrus Anderson. Corporal William M. Adams. 110 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Corporal Benj. D. Vanderveer. Corporal Thomas Neal. Corporal Watson Buckman. Corporal Stephen B. Staley. Musician G. M. Woodward. Musician Franklin Kline. Wagoner, John Tapscott. Benjamin Anderson, Joseph Ashmore, Alleazor Allis, Thomas Auld, James M. Ackley, Peter Antonattis, Benton Cotterman, David P. Caskey, Thomas Crawford, Jacob Confer, Charles Cochran, John Coffman, Richard Carroll, David Coffman, Michael Coyle, Samuel Crawford, Nelson Coleman, Thomas Corbit, John Confer, Clay Deckert, Thomas Dickensherts, John Dundare, William B. Dudley, John Emerick, John Eckhart, Alexander Fox, Michael Gaiger, Andrew B. Gibson, William A. Hudson, M. H. Franklin, Isaac Hale, Oliver P. Huffman, Enoch Hoover, John Huntsbarger, Thomas Ireland, Richard F. Ireland, James S. King, John Kelly, Frederick Kline, PRIVATES, Jonathan H. Kline, Benjamin F. Lee, Frederick Luber, Jacob Luber, Michael F. Luahey, Jesse Lee, William Lafuvers, Francis Marvin, William McCullough, Samuel Myers, William McLane, Thomas Moore, Edmund O'Daniels, Joseph Pressler, John F. Price, Michael Poast, William P. Pebles, Luther R. Phillips, Benjamin Riggs, Philip H. Smith, Dunham Srackengast, John Shedy, Samuel Sawyers, David H. Staley, Charles Seibold, Tra C. Smock, Thomas I. Stetler, G. R. Schenck, Johnson Stump, Joseph Thompson, Ely Tyson, Sidney D. Vanderveer, Joseph B. Woodward, John Watson, Jacob D. Watson, Samuel Ward, William H. Widaman, Martin Y. Ward, George Wilson. COMPANY I. Mustered into service January 15, 1862, for three years. Marwin D. Odin, Daniel O’ Hern, Frank Wright, Fred Withner, Tra Pense. COMPANY K. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain William Baldwin. First Lieuten.int Thomas F. Brand, resigned. [No date given]. Second Lieutenant Alexander S. Berryhill, promoted First Lieutenant June 25, 1861. : NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Henry: Ashton, promoted Second Lieutenant January 25, 1861. - Sergeant James Mathis. Sergeant John P. Dolbow. Sergeant William A. Ward. Corporal Joshua G. Palmer. Corporal William Mayse. Corporal George W. Stoddard. Corporal John J. Anderson. Drummer John S. Helms, discharged. | No date. | PRIVATES. Jacob H. Armstrong, Beverly W. Brown, James Chapman, James P. Conn, Michael Durkin, Robert Ellis, «Alexander Fisher, John Gugenham, Isaac Groves, Jubn F. Harr, Peter Hardman, Add M. Heflebower, Charles C. Jamison, Melvin Kenfield, Joshua C. Light, William A. McComsey, Martin Mooney, Verrel McCue, John McDermitt, Thomas M. Owen, Edward Purcell, Frederick Ribermen, .Amos Richardson, Willard C. Smith, Charles J. Scott, James E. Taylor, Henry L. Toomyres, Mastin R. Wright, Mathew Weaver, Charles Arden, Charles A. Cushman, Richard Clary, Nathaniel Darrow, Monroe Elliott, William C. Flago, Michael Fritz, Daniel C. Groves, John Gehler, Henry H. Hess, John G. Hoisengton, Sanders V. Hubble, David B. Kelch, John H. Keifer, James R. Lynch, James M. Mitchell, Jerome B. Miller, Michael McFetridge, John Newlove, Samuel B. Price, Charles H. Rhodes, James Riddle, Charles Stocks, Alvaro Smith, Theodore Stansbury, Henry V. Taylor, John Turney, Cyrus F. Ward, Ambrose M. Voke, COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Milton McCoy, First Lieutenant A. W. Plummer. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Sergeant Perry I.. Moss. Sergeant Nelson McCoy. Sergeant John Shoellar. Corporal William Lindsay. Corporal John Pontious. Corporal George Floyd. Corporal Daniel W. Best. Thomas Clifton, Washington Congrove, Isaac Dennis, Barton Dawson, Dennis Doyle, Thad Floyd, Henry Fulkerson, Martin Green, Liberty Jenks, George Littleton, Jacob McKnight, Charles McFall, PRIVATES, William Richison, William Sapp, Cyrus Smith, William Smith, David Smith, James Smith, Christ Stouch, George Seigles, Jonas Fatinan, Frank Tulley, Rodney Webb, William Walston, Jacob M, Young. The writer is informed that the “ Videttes,” Captain Thrall, and the “ Fencibles,” Captain J. H. Riley, were assigned to this regiment, but is unable to find any record of them in the office of the adjutant general, SECOND REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY—THREE MONTHS. Mustered into the service at Columbus, Ohio, April 17, 1861, and mustered out at expiration of term of serv- ice, July 31, 1861. FIELD AND STAFF, Lieutenant-Colonel Rodney Mason, promoted colonel; mustered out with company. Major August C. Parry; mustered out with company. Regimental Quartermaster John G. Clarke; mustered out with company. Adjutant Horace K. Thatcher; resigned June 21, 1861. Adjutant Dilmer D. Mitchell, promoted adjutant, June 21, 1861; mus- tered out with company. Surgeon Clark McDermot, wounded at Bull Run, July 2r, 186r. Assistant Surgeon James D. Webb. Hospital Steward William Scott, appointed May 1, 1861; mustered out with company. : HISTORY OF, FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. III Sergeant-Major Charles M. Berg, enlisted in United States army. Sergeant-Major Charles W. Douty, appointed June 28, 1861; mustered out with company. Quartermaster-Sergeant John M. Hubbell. REGIMENTAL BAND. Mustered into service with the Thirteenth regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, for three months, at the expira- of which they were mustered into this regiment for three years, and mustered out, by order of the war depart- ment, at the expiration of one year’s service. Burt McCoy, Thomas Wilmore, J. H. Brown, George Brant, Jason Case, Hiram Cook, Samuel Price (died in service). COMPANY C. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain A. O. Mitchell. First Lieutenant J. K. Jones. Second Lieutenant D. D. Mitchell, promoted adjutant, July 2, 1861. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. ‘Sergeant Joseph A. Stewart. Sergeant Edward D. Deney. Sergeant James W. Zinn. Sergeant Martin H. Peters. Corporal Alonzo G. Sharp. Corporal Robert H. Hillery. Corporal John Snyder. PRIVATES. Lieutenant and Adjutant, Wilbur H. Sage. Quartermaster Charles Allen. Surgeon R. R. Means. Assistant Surgeon Henry H. Seys. Sergeant-Major Nicholas Jerolaman. Quartermaster-Sergeant Alfred K. Taylor. Commissary-Sergeant John E. Jewett. Drum Major Thomas Nevitt. COMPANY A. Mustered into service June 13, 1861. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Orris A. Lawson. First Lieutenant Elitha D. House. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Wm. A. Swayze. Sergeant Thompson 8S. Finch. Sergeant S. B. Piper. Sergeant J. Miller. Sergeant J. Otstottd. Corporal W. Gardner. Corporal J. High. Corporal M. McCroby. Corporal W. Vandine. Corporal 5. Cashnier. Corporal B. Reiley. Corporal W. Whip. Corporal G. Mcllvaine. Musician Thomas A. Nevitt. Wagoner Tobias Ream. John M. Arnold, Alexander M. Armstrong, George Brabeck, Charles Castard, Alfred Case, James Carr, Stephen B. Darling, George F. Foss, Elias Havens, Hiram F. Hays, Edward B. Holden, David N. Jones, James Kelley, Frederick Kartzell, Charles Makard, Thomas P. Mathias, William Olstatt, John Pausch, Colier F, Rudolph, “Rosewall B. Rose, David M. Smith, Henry C. Styles, Peter Schennger, Frank A. Smith, Thomas Turnstead, James A. Van Slyke, John Wright, John H. Arnold, Frederick Blint, James H. Brabeck, Joseph Clouse, Theodore F. Cook, Frank Doty, Adam Dabiss, William H. Hoover, Richard S. Higgins, Joseph F. Hayes, George R. Ingals, William Kraft, Henry Kopp, Samuel Lincoln, Samuel P. Moore, John A. Moore, George Off, William G. Robelin, John Ruminsnyder, Nicholas Roofing, Alonzo R. Sharp, Samuel H. Slader, James Salmon, Henry Schuckert, George A. Tone, Samuel Witman, George R. Winfield. Willoughby W. Webb. John A. White, promoted mounted orderly, July 11, 1861. Christian Winklen, appointed pioneer, June 19, 1861. Lorus Wimmen. Albert F. Zeigler. Corporal Thomas Gwynne, discharged for disability, July 7, 186r. Joseph H. Cloud, discharged for disability, June 1z, 1861. James Hamilton, discharged for disability, June 11, 1861. David Lake, discharged for disability, June 31, 1861. David Sams, discharged for disability, June 27, 1861. William H. Van Horn, discharged for disability, June 30, 186. Robert Smiley, died May 19, 1861. THIRD REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY—THREE YEARS. FIELD AND STAFI OFFICERS. Colonel Isaac H. Morrow. Major J. W. Keifer. PRIVATES. H. Bridenthal, C. C. Buchanan, J. Baughman, G. W. Bailey, W. Broadlake, H. S. Brown, H. K. Bennett, S. J. Cashnier, J. Conway, G. Cobb, J. Ellis, J. Furguson, E. French, J. D. Finley, H. J. Flinn, J. W. Fields, H. A. Finch, S. A. Frazier, W. S. Gilliland, J. Granger, R. Hays, P. Hile, F. Hall, J. F. Hall, J. T. Hunt, A. K. Hardy, R. Halfhiil, A. S. Haws, L. Hays, A. G. Hibbs, H. Henber, D. Johnson, H. Koberger, H. Lawson, Cc, W. Lyles, J. Lawer, J. K. Loyd, A. Lapaige, F. W. Meachem, L. Hays, J. H. McCarl, r B. Mahanna, G. Nicholas, A. Nesler, J. Nowell, J. Nash, J. B. Porter, J. Paskinson, J. Pacells, J. G. Pierce, H. S. Rice, W. Ricketts, E. Rice, A. Shepley, J. F. Stone, M. Stagg, J. Steed, G. Silter, E. C. Sulter, F. Stauffer, R. C. Thrall, L. D. Tillman, W. H. Thurston, F. Union, A. Worthington, S. L. Wagner, S. Welsh, J. Woolf, W. Wertz, I. Wertz, C. Hodkins. COMPANY B. Mustered into service with regiment. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain James H. Wing. First Lieutenant Wesley L. Patterson. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Wilbur H. Sage. Sergeant J. B. McRoberts. 1t2 Sergeant O. P. Barnes. Sergeant M. D. King. Sergeant A. D. Brush. Corporal W. L. Pinkerton. Corporal G. McDonald. Corporal J. B. Brigham. Corporal E. C. Briggs. Corporal W. L. Robinson. Corporal M. O'Harra. Corporal S. Nevels. Corporal C. M. Benedict. ‘Wagoner A. Moorhead. PRIVATES. J. Anthony, B. Bafford, D. W. Brumbaugh, G. Brown, J. W. Barrie, M. Bolinger, W. Bafford, W. H. Bowers, C. H. Byers, J. Cordray, F. Christian, J. J. Chambers, C. Case, J. Conner, L. M. Currier, J. Daly, J. P. Demorest, M. Davies, R. J. Dennis, T. Duffy, D. Dirth, C. A. Elzter, D. B. Edson, R. Finch, S. L. French, R. Griffe, =. B. Gray; P. Gray, H. Harcourt, A. Hawn, J. L. Hall, E. Hall, S. Harvey, B. Hoge, D. H. Jones, S. Jones. J. Keiser, T. Land, 5. Lobaugh, C. McKown, W. H. McCartney, J. Masbwigh, W. H. Moore, W. H. McClarey, T. Messer, N. Monahan, FE. Morrison, J. Neil, E. Oakley, C. E. Potter, H. Ramer, J. W. Rainey, M. Ryan, I. Reese, C. Stafford, 5. Sayers, T. G, Shankland, G. W. Swaney, C. Swing, J.C. Tracy, J. H. Tracy, O. Wild, C. Willis, A. Weimer, A, Warden, 5. Wilson, E. White, H. Young. THIRD REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY—THREE MONTHS.—GOVERNOR’S GUARDS. No date of muster on roll. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain I. H. Morrow. First Lieutenant Orris A. Lawson. Second Lieutenant William Swayze. NON-COMMISSIONED OFLTCIERS. Sergeant I. D. Howse. Sergeant William Patterson. Sergeant E. Powers. Corporal L. N. Hoskinson. Corporal C. W. Barber, Corporal Thomas A, Nevitt. Corporal J. J. Condon. PRIVATES, 5. C. Higgins, John Wolf, William Schwarz, W. A. McDonald, James H. Corbin, James R. Lloyd, William Karns, Henry Jacob, J. B. Brigham, W. Cochran, i. Buell, A. S. Haas, J. Baughman, Ralf Robinson, Benjamin F. Riley, T. J. Hopper, Joseph Studler, Leroy Spencer, William Higgins, William Kirkham, S. Lobaugh, M. Van Buren, A. Worthington, G. E, Coffroth, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND "assigned to this regiment. PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. O. A. Keys, Joel N. Sterling, Ed. Lyman, J. M. Leighner, E. Bowers, Jesse D. Haven, M. J. Kennedy, D. Whipp, J. Welsh, James Swaley, R. Steel, H. Koburger, A. Bliven, N. Delsell, John Marsh, J. Chamberlain, John Keiser, Samuel Nevins, S. Paul. ° This company was recruited by Jacob H. Studer. COMPANY B, Mustered into service at Camp Jackson, Columbus, Ohio, April 24, 1861, for the period of three months. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Captain James H. Wing. First Lieutenant Wilbur H. Sage. Ensign Wesley L. Patterson. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Joseph Steeley. Sergeant Richard Holt. Sergeant George Busk. Sergeant Haton Hill Corporal John B. McRoberts. Corporal James Peters. Corporal Algemin Bryan. Corporal John Dimpsey. PRIVATES. Fred Altman, William A. Adams, George Budd, Jacob Buscher, Ashable Blivin, George Brown, Jacob Campbell, James Cavner, Peter Conklin, Nelson Delzell, Mayland Fry, Daniel Gray, James Holmes, Daniel Hendricks, Thomas Hayden, Lewis Huffman, William James, William Kerns, John Keiser, Simon Lobaugh, Samuel Morris, Alexander Moorhead, Daniel Altman, James Anderson, Charles W. Benedick, Elisha C. Briggs, James B. Brigham, Oliver Barnes, Warren Cochran, Simon F. Chester, Charles Crovin, Mark Erway, Philips Feller, Charles Harman, Hiram Harter, Thomas Hackett, Henry Harcoutt, Isaiah Erwin, John S. Jamison, John Kenny, Edward Lyman, Michael Lilley, George O. McDonald, William Mann, John Neil, Samuel Nevels. Simon Moor, FOURTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY— COMPANY C¢. Mustered into service June 5, 186r. PRIVATES. Charles Gavlord, George Torrance. ‘The Steuben Guards, Captain Schneider, and Mont- gomcry Guards, Captain O. Turney, were recruited in and about Columbus, and the writer is informed they were No rolls of either company are on file in the office of the adjutant-general. The rolls of all three months organizations are very defective, and inany are missing altogether. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Jackson, Colum- bus, in April, 1861, and on Thursday, May gth, moved to Camp Dennison, where it was drilled and disciplined for the dread labor of war. June 30th it embarked for HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Western Virginia, to reinforce McClellan’s command. September roth, Colonel Smith led his regiment in the battle of Carnifax Ferry, occupying the extreme left, where a good record was made for the command, after which the regiment encamped at Gauley Bridge until November 6th, when it began the pursuit of the rebel Floyd. ‘The first brush occurred at Cotton Hill, where the regiment lost one killed and two wounded. The chase was continued to Fayetteville, and, having driven the rebels from Western Virginia, the troops were ordered west, the Thirteenth going into camp opposite Louisville, Kentucky. The regiment finally moved to Bacon Creek, where it remained engaged in drill until February 10, 1862, when it marched to Bowling Green. From there it repaired to Nashville, encamping near the city. April 2d the regiment marched to reinforce Gen- eral Grant, and reached Savannah, on the Tennessee river, on the morning of the 6th. It at once marched to the battle-field, and, with the Fifth division, formed on the right of Nelson’s command. About eight o’clock the division moved forward. The enemy was soon found in position, supported by the famous Washington battery, of New Orleans. The Thirteenth charged on this bat- tery, and after a desperate struggle, captured it entire, but only to lose it, as the enemy, in large numbers, charged and re-took the pieces. Major Ben. P. Runkle was severely wounded at this time. About one o’clock, in the last grand advance, the Thirteenth again dashed forward to capture the battery, and this timé was suc- cessful. The enemy retreated, and the Thirteenth joined the advance on Corinth. After the evacuation of this point, the Union forces advanced against Chattanooga. August 20th orders were received to march in pursuit of Bragg, and this march made the Army of the Ohio a record as enduring as time. From August 21st to September 26th—a period of thirty-six days—the Na- tional soldiers patiently toiled on after the enemy, enduring the hot sun, almost unbearable thirst, half rations, and the stifling dust. What soldiers of the Thirteenth Ohio will ever forget this terrible march? Reaching Louisville, on the 26th, a rest was had until the first of October, when the pursuit of Bragg was re- sumed. October 8th the regiment was at Perryville, but was not actively engaged. December 2d the army was re- viewed by General Rosecrans, near Nashville, and the Second was complimented by the general for their soldierly appearance. December 26, 1862, the advance on Murfreesboro was commenced. The Thirteenth was in Crittenden’s division, and the next we see of it is at Stone river. Here, on Wednesday, December 31st, the regiment lost, in one hour’s time, one hundred and fifty- two killed, wounded, and missing. The total loss in the series of battles at this point was one hundred and eighty-five. Now followed comparative inactivity until the battles of Chickamauga, and in these the regiment preserved, unsullied, its record made sacred at Stone River. On the twenty-second of September the regiment skirmished the entire forenoon on Missionary Ridge, 15 113 } withdrawing at noon to its former place, in the intrench- ments of Chattanooga. November 23, the army moved to the expulsion of Bragg from the Ridge. History has already recorded the successful charge, that swept the host down the mountains, across the valley, and con- verted its retreat into a shameful rout. In this charge ' the Thirteenth bore itself bravely, and, it is claimed, was the first to plant the colors on the rebel works. Sergeant Daniel Ritter, of Company A, was the first in the regi- ment to scale and enter the fortifications. The losses were severe. On the twenty-eighth of November the Thirteenth ad- vanced, with the army, to the rescue of Knoxville. The enemy retreated, and were pursued to near Church Mountain, This was a march of much suffering, for want of shoes and clothing, as well as rations. Return- ing to Knoxville, the regiment re-enlisted, as veterans, and the men were granted a furlough. Those who failed to become veterans, were transferred to the Fifty-ninth Ohio, then (January 28, 1864,) stationed at Marysville, near Knoxville. ; The latter part of March, 1864, the regiment re- turned to duty, and was assigned to the Third brigade, Third division, and Fourth corps, in the Army of the Cumberland, then commanded by Major-General George H. Thomas. May 1, 1864, the troops were ordered to prepare for the Atlanta campaign, and, on the third, struck tents and advanced against Ringgold, Georgia; then to Rocky Face ridge, and on to Resaca. In the engagements of this march the Thirteenth lost heavily. Still, the pursuit was continued until the rebels massed around Lost Mountain, and on May 27th the battle occurred. ‘The Third divis- ion struck the enemy’s center, and encountered breast- works gray with men and bristling with artillery. Our troops advanced, in three lines of battle, through a dense wood, and were met by a terrific discharge from the enemy, then but a few yards inadvance, This destroyed the first line. The second line, of which the Thirteenth formed a part, immediately advanced on the double- quick, and, with a yell and a volley, rushed up to the works, and the contest continued from four o’clock in the afternoon until nine at night. Although our forces held the position, they were unable to capture the rebel works. The ammunition of the Thirteenth was exhausted, Mc- Culloch was wounded, Thompson’s right arm was shat- tered, and the killed and wounded were lying thickly around. Major J. T. Snyder, in command of the Thir- teenth, still rallied the regiment, and, the ammunition becoming exhausted, he took that remaining in the boxes of the dead and wounded comrades, and distributed it with his own hands to the men. General ‘Thomas finally ordered our forces to withdraw. ‘The Thirteenth lost, in this engagement, fifty men, killed, wounded and prisoners, June 21st, the non-veterans were discharged, and the Yemainder of the regiment formed into a battalion of four companies, under command of Major Snyder, still retaining its endeared title, “Thirteenth,” and retaining its position in the brigade. At Kennesaw the Thirteenth was in the thickest of the 114 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND fight, losing a number in killed and wounded. Next at Atlanta, where the battalion did its full share, until the surrender. From this time forward the battalion was engaged with its division until June 16, 1865, when it was ordered to Texas, where it remained until December 5, 1865, when it was mustered out. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY B., Mustered into the service June 19, 1861, at Camp Dennison, Ohio. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Francis S. Parker. Second Lieutenant James B. Doney. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, First Sergeant Moses Shelt. Sergeant Harley H. Sage. Sergeant Cyrus L. Bates. Sergeant Josiah Smouse. Sergeant John Thompson. a Corporal S. F. Terry. Corporal James Busick. Corporal Samual M. Williams. Corporal Thomas S. Shipley. Corporal William H. Bostwick. Corporal John H. Aldridge. Corporal Jackson Holt. Musician John W. Curl. Musician Philip Warner. PRIVATES. Daniel Bock, James M. Blacker, Jerome P. Cook, William Cole, William Crothers, William H. Caldwell, | John L. Cooper, Benjamin F, Abbott, Nicholas Boling, Charles Burk, Peter Cassal, John Cherry, John D. Caldwell, Henry Corkwell, George Campbell, Wesley Davis, George W. Farmer, James Ford, James Gorman, Archibald George, John Hughes, Robert C. Hellrigle, Erastus W. Harman, George Hardesta, John Jones, George Labold, Michael Lyons, John Miillett, Michael Murphy, ‘Walter McKee, John Ayer, William Parsons, Daniel Quinn, Joseph Riffle, Daniel Smith, John Simons, Julius Seypart, James Thompson, Henry Williams, William Williamson, Alfred Welsh, F. S. Walters, James Pucket, Philip Cupp, Willard E. Easterday, John Farmer, James Flood, Thomas Gorman, John Griner, Lewis Harkleroad, William Haefer, Moses Hollingshead, Jacob T. Johnson, Jacob Krenk, Samuel 5. Lindsey, John Lyons, John McCafferty, James McDowell, Alexander McKilips, Peter Palmer, Chambers W. Peyton, William Roberts, William Richard, Patrick Sullivan, John Sculper, Joseph Tilton, James Vaughn, William Willson, John Welsh, Charles IE. Winner, Daniel White, Thomas Smith, Samuel M. Alkire. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Assistant Surgeon David Welch. FIELD AND STAFF. First Lieutenant and Adjutant Alexis Cope. Sergeant-Major Andrew J. Gleason. COMPANY B. Corporal J. C. McDowell. PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. COMPANY C. Corporal W. E. Shedd, Privates: N. W. Benson,- Corporal H. G. Meredith, Privates: W. Ashbrook, F, Allbaugh, W. Johnson, A. McMath, J. Mangins. COMPANY PD. Musician A. P. Troup. COMPANY E. Second Lieutenant Walter Heweton. Privates: J. A. Adams, H. Donner. COMPANY G. Privates: W. Lawrence, J. McLean, J. W. Wilcox COMPANY H. Sergeant A. J. Gleason. Private W. Wisner. COMPANY I. Privates: G. H. Moore, N. F. Mickey, T. W. Ogden, W. Stonebraker, J. Shriner. COMPANY K. Private W. McGratle. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Chaplain Joseph Metock. COMPANY G. Private W. R. Shelton. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Lieutenant-Colonel M. F. Moore. Major Durbin Ward, promoted colonel. Surgeon W. L. Shenck. Surgeon James H. Gardner. Assistant Surgeon H. J. Herrick. Adjutant A. J. Davis. COMPANY A. Privates: J. Robinson, H. F. Turner, S. Woodruff. COMPANY B. Lieutenants: I. Daniels, W. H. Walker, J. E. Larimer, A. Ward, D. S. Bird. Private J. S. Fry. COMPANY C. Privates: D. S. Ford, W. H. Organ, I. Vanz. COMPANY G. Privates: O. W. Horn, J. R. Walker. COMPANY H, First Lieutenant Joshua H. Jones, Private Philip Whitten. COMPANY I, Captain W. H. Walker, First Lieutenant Leo Nales, First Lieutenant T. C. Stewart. First Lieutenant P. H. Wilson, Second Lieutenant T. C. Michaels, Second Lieutenant Levi Cornwell. Captain A. Ogden, EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Timothy R. Stanley. Surgeon William T. Johnson. Assistant Surgeon W.lliam W. Mills. First Lieutenant and Adjutant John C. Neal. COMPANY B. First Lieutenant Robert B. Chappell. Private Hosen Martin. COMPANY C. Second Lieutenant John F. Camp. Private P. Hathaway, COMPANY D. Second Lieutanant Samucl W. Thomas. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 115 Corporal J. S. Lay, Privates: Wyatt R. John, Corporal P. McGovern. Henry Archer, S. McCarty. COMPANY E, Private P. Shay. COMPANY F. Corporal J. Ruller, Private G. A. Wright. COMPANY G. Privates: Gorden Foreman, Javier Kilbell. TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT OHIO VETERAN VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Commissary-Sergeant James Thompson. COMPANY A. Private Thomas Flinn. COMPANY B. Private John Curtain. COMPANY C, Private John Jamison. COMPANY D. Sergeant Frederick Lynders, Privates: John Rigeway, Francis Stoker, Corporal M. V. B. Hopwood, William Wrias, James Highs. COMPANY E, Adam Baker, James Ladley, Gibson S. Melvin, x Eli Wim. COMPANY F. Corporal Alfred W. Crawford. Privates: Norman S, Crawford, Abram McGlochlin, Privates: John Benston, Jared S. Chamberlain, John Lancaster, George Riley, George W. Hites, William H. Vanarsdalen, John D. Woodal. COMPANY G. Sergeant George M. Towsely. Privates: Solomon Leinard, William Root, George Smith, Edward Murray, Charles Sanders, Thomas Morris, Timothy Lawler. COMPANY H. Privates: Alfred W. Crawford, William T. Chambers, Jacob O. Sponogle. Norman 8. Crawford, John L. Sponogle, Francis M. Scott. COMPANY I. Wiiliam C. White, Thomas Waterhouse. COMPANY K. Captain Joseph W. Milkens. Private William Wells. Privates: George W. Brokaw, William Winemiller, TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Mustered into service July 20, 1861, at Camp Chase, O. Mustered out of service, COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Nelson L. Lutz. First Lieutenant James H. Hedges. Second Lieutenant Daniel Blaize. NON-COMMISSIONE]) OFFICERS. First Sergeant Louis E. Peter. Sergeant Jackson Hughes. Sergeant Van Buren White. Sergeant Jacob D. Binkley. Sergeant John M. Weaver. Corporal Daniel W. Foster. Corporal Henry Buck. Corporal Benjamin F. Mauk. Corporal William O. Connell. Corporal Philip M. Engle. Corporal William H. Haller. Corporal Peter L. Price. ‘Corporal William H. McLane. Wagoner Ferdinand Wilson. Musician Philemon B. Binkley. Musician John Seidner. PRIVATES. Henry Agburn, Dumas Bartlett, Reuben Barnhart, Robert E. Bowsher, Wilkam I. Binkley, Charles D. Clark, James Dean, Benjamin F. Davis, Homer F. Engle, Solomon Farner, George Fling, James Graham, Emmett Harmount, Albert C. Hayes, John O. Handlen, John Jones, Jesse M. Jones, Thomas Jefferson, Anthony McNally, Anthony Miller, John Morris, Nelson F. Noeman, Milton Plummer, Thomas Roanen, John Ring, John Strait, James Sailor, Oscar H. Spencer, John Slow, Deming Swinehart, Henry Vangundy, Watson B. Waters, Henry Wells, William Walston, Alexander Wyan, John Berry, George Botkin, Aaron Barnhart, Francis I. Brokaw, George Brown, Henry Cottman, Alvey Davis, Thomas Dyer, Peter Earhart, Thomas I. Fling, Andrew Friend, Samuel N. Gillis, Benjamin Harper, John Hyatt, George I. Hinton, Jesse Jones, Daniel W. Jones, William McDorman, Michael Mack, Reuben Murray, Isaac Nogle, Joseph E. Olds, Albert W. Riggin, James Richardson, Elias Sitler, Christ. Sivinger, Nelson Spencer, Lyman E. Scovile, jr., John Shisler, John A. Thomas, Thornton Vanmetre, Thomas Wells, Hiram Wallace, Asbury Welsh, William T. Williamson, Israel I. Zeller, THIRTIETH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, on the twenty-eighth day of August, 1861; was armed at once, and, on the thirtieth, ordered to the field. The next day found the regiment at Benwood, Virginia, and on the second of September it reached Clarksburg. Here an attack was expected, and company H was sent out to reconnoiter, but the enemy was not discovered. Late the same evening the regiment marched, and on the afternoon of the next day entered Weston and en- camped beside the Forty-seventh Ohio, with the fortunes of which it was afterward closely allied. Here the regi- ment received its camp and garrison equipage. Two wagons were furnished each company, and these were deemed barely sufficient for transportation. In later years the men considered themselves fortunate if there was one wagon for the regiment. September 6th the regiment joined General Rosecrans at Sutton Heights, where companies D, F and G remained, the remainder of the regiment marching with the army toward Summer- ville. Companies C and E were left at Big Birch Bot- toms, while the remaining five companies moved on to Carnifax Ferry, where a sharp engagement took place, the enemy retreating. A considerable amount of camp equipage, and some huge double-edged knives, with 116 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. which one of the rebels was to annihilate five of the Yan- kees, fell into the hands of the National army. A stand of colors, on which was inscribed “ Floyd’s Brigade”— “The price of liberty is the blood of the brave,” was secured by the Thirtieth, November 14th the regiment went into camp at Fayetteville. In the meantime the detachment at Sutton was frequently in expeditions against bushwhackers and horse-thieves. ‘I'wo men of the Thirtieth were killed and quite a number were wounded in the various skirmishes. On the twenty-third of December this detachment joined the regiment at Fayetteville, and on the twenty-fifth the regiment held its first dress parade. During the winter, which was wet and sickly, several companies were sent to outposts, and all worked upon fortifications. Company H, from Pick- away county, was sent to the White House, on Soup Creek road. April 17th the regiment broke camp and moved to Raleigh, and from there it marched, on May 5th, toward Giles Court House. On the tenth it en- camped at the confluence of the East and New rivers. Company H was pushed up the Narrows, and succeeded in developing the enemy’s position and drawing the fire of his batteries. For eight days the allowance of rations was one cracker, with a small quantity of sugar, coffee, beans and rice to each man. tieth marched to join the army in eastern Virginia, and at noon on the nineteenth reached Brownstown, on the Kanawha, having carried knapsacks and marched ninety- five miles in three days anda half. All were delighted to leave the mountains, and when the band played “Get out of the wilderness,” as it came down Cotton Hill to the river, the deafening cheers that went up from the column showed that the hit was duly appreciated. Proceeding on transports to Parkersburg, the regiment took the cars for the east, and on August 23d passed through Washing- ton city, éncamping at night at Warrenton Junction, Vir- ginia. General Robertson says of the Thirtieth at Centerville: “Jt moved forward under a heavy fire from the enemy’s batteries in as good order as if on parade.” At South Mountain, on September 14th, the regiment lay for several hours under a terrific artillery fire, and at four o’clock in the afternoon advanced against the enemy, who were intrenched behind a stone wall. The “ Gray- backs” advanced, and a hot engagement. ensued, lasting forty-five minutes. The regiment stood its ground bravely, losing eighteen men killed, and forty-eight wounded. September 17th the regiment was heavily engaged, losing two officers killed, two wounded, and forty-five pri- vates killed and wounded. The National colors were torn in fourteen places by the enemy’s balls, and two color bearers (Sergeants White.and Carter) fell dead on the field. After remaining a few days near the battle-ground, the regiment moved for West Virginia, and on the tenth of October reached Hancock, on the Potomac, and for a time was engaged, almost daily, in fruitless marching, December 5th, the Thirtieth, with its brigade, embarked on transports, and steamed down the river, arriving at | | : without shoes. On August 16th the Thir- » | | | Louisville, Kentucky, January 3, 1863. It moved down the stream until it reached Helena, Arkansas, where it was assigned to the Second division of the Fifteenth army corps. January 21st, the regiment landed at Young’s Point, and here it remained, engaged on the ca- nal, and took part in numerous excursions into the sur- rounding country. Resuming the march, the regiment, on May 1oth, arrived in the rear of Vicksburg, and from this time until its final capitulation, was engaged in skir- mish, picket and fatigue duty. After the surrender of Vicksburg, the regiment went into camp, July 23rd, near Black river. The losses of the Thirtieth, during the siege, were some sixty killed and wounded. Leaving Black river, with the army, on September 26th, it moved up the river, to Memphis, where it arrived Oc- tober 2d. ‘Two days later it resumed the march, and on November 2oth it camped at Brown’s Ferry, ten miles from Chattanooga. The twenty-fifth of the same month, it assaulted and carried the outer line of the enemy’s works at Mission Ridge. From November 29th to De- cember 19th, the regiment subsisted off the country, and were engaged nearly the entire time in pursuit of the In addition, nearly one-fourth of the men were In January, 1864, at Cleveland, Tennes- see, the regiment re-enlisted, to the number of three hun- dred and fifteen men, and repaired to Columbus, where it was furloughed on the ninth of April. On the expira- tion of the furlough, the regiment re-formed at Columbus, and proceeded, zza Cincinnati, Louisville, Nashville and Chattanooga, to Kingston, Georgia, where if arrived May 2oth. Three days later, the regiment was again on the march. It moved through Dallas and Ackworth, ar- riving at the foot of Kennesaw mountain June roth. During this march the regiment was almost continually under fire. Early in July, the regiment moved to At- lanta, and on the twenty-second was in the assault, losing twenty-seven in killed, wounded and prisoners. On the twenty-eighth, the regiment sustained four successive charges, in which it lost thirty men in killed and wounded. ‘The enemy abandoned a stand of colors, under the regi- ment’s fire, and one hundred and five dead rebels were picked up in its immediate front. August 29, 1864, those who wcre not veterans were mustered out, by reason of expiration of term of service, and from this time until August 13, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky, the regiment was actively engaged in the defence of the starry ensign. _ August 22, 1865, it was paid and discharged at Colum- bus, having traveled as a regiment, during its term of ser- vice, thirteen thousand, two hundred miles. enemy. THIRTIETH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY H. Mustered into service August 29, 1861. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Jacob E. Taylor, lirst Lieutenant John H. Groce. Second Lieutenant Moses B. Gist. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. lirst Sergeant Cyrus A. Jsarnest. ergeant Thomas J. Evans. ‘ ergeant Peter Rudisill. Sergeant Charles C, Ludington. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 117 Sergeant Minard Shannon. Corporal James A. Bunch. Corporal William H. Whitehead. Corporal John Bowler. Corporal George W. Thorne. Corporal Joseph E. Olds. Corporal John McHugh. Corporal William Parrish. Corporal Jacob Koch. Drummer James M. Duffey. Fifer Alfred Crumnel. PRIVATES. I-mil Heller, Conrad Heuser. Charles Karst, John Kleindienst, Henry Leith, Jacob Mealheim, Moses Mook, _ George Plaff, Jacob Reiger, Louis Schnied, John Schrenskeisen, John G. Seltsam, John Hensinger, Anton Hugh, Jacob Koerskling, Jacob Kuchule, John G. Mayer, William Mitzger, Ermst Opperman, Martin Riskenbasher, John Ruprecht, Fred. Schreserdetkcr, Gottleib Schwarz, Conrad Sessler, Edward Allen, William Bunch, Oliver P. Buckley, Levi Brubaker, William A. Clayton, Josiah Crourman, Mathias A. Chitburn, Michael Carlos, Herman Cooke, Albert Conover, Martin Dennis, Thomas Davis, Wesley T. Fissel, Delos R. Graham, Francis Hott, John Hyme, George Johnson, James Kelly, James M. Lemon, James Moore, Jacob Nogel, Robert Pattinson, Richard Sands, Preston R. Snowden, Henry Scovill, George H. Triplett, Lewis Toman, Henry Winder, Jacob W. Stupp, Isaac Webb, Frederick Behler, Reuben P. Bunch, William F. Bowman, Jasper M. Clayton, Daniel Clay, John Cantlebury, James Chitburn, Thomas Crusand, Frederick Cross, John Dalgarra, Isaac E. Dorsey, George W. Epps, Henry C. Gamble, Washington K. Gearheart, Sanford Hoover, Samuel Johnson, William H. Jessup, John L. Kent, Martin Moran, Robert Moore, John O'Harra, Daniel Rawlins, Joel Sands, © John M. Smith, Isaac Scraggs, Christian Tyler, Frederick Wien, George B. Smith, James T. Walls, George Welsh, John W. Wise. THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY D. John Solaski, Christian Webbel, William Trautschold, Casper Wenzell. COMPANY K. Mustered into service March 1, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Lieutenant Andrew Heeber. Second Lieutenant George W. Temme. Mustered into service September 19, 1861. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Julius G. Eberhard. First Lieutenant Frederick Krumm. Second Lieutenant William Werte. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Florentine Finn. Sergeant Joseph Runnels. Sergeant Andrews Boon. Sergeant Jacob Schenk. Sergeant August Losshig. Corporal F. Schubluk. Corporal Charles Leinpinsel. Corporal William Schieferdecker. Corporal Bernard Albrecht. Corporal George Schmidt. Corporal William Falkenbush. Corporal Hermann Rosenbaum. Musicians John Jacobs, Lewis Fritz. Wagoner Christian Boehmer. PRIVATES. Theodore Jusen, John G. Mock, Joseph Morrity, Mar Miller. FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY E. Mustered into service December 31, 1861. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Harley H. Sage. Silas Albert, John W. Bowman, Martin L. Briner, William M. Case, Francis M. Carpenter, George W. Colwell, David Cline, Thomas Donohoe, James Dayton. Christopher Drake, Henry Doering, Henry S. Eckhart, Patrick Giblin, John A. B. Garhart, Jacob Green, Samuel Harrison, David S. Helvering, Israel Jones, George W. Mathews, James Martin, William H. Morral, Levi Oman, Owen Sullivan, Edwin Stein, Asa Truesdale, Watson B. Walters, Benjamin F. Williamson,. PRIVATES. Abraham Baughman, Henry Bowman, William Baker, Sylvanus Cupp, William Canaan, Francis H. Cotton, Joseph B. Dunlap, James Deueraux, Jesse Drake, Archibald Drake, David I. Evans, Andrew J. Fitzgerald, William Gibbons, George Goss, Renick Huston, Harmon H. Helvering, Jeremiah Hester, George McLaughlin, John L. McGath, Samuel W. McColloch, John Morris, Charles A. Phillips, William H. Stout, William H. H. Schreckengaust, Thomas Valentine, Ira Wooddell, John F. Walker. COMPANY E. Mustered into service in October, November and December, 1861. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain James H. Coulter. First Lieutenant Horace Parks. Second Lieutenant Sylvester A. Larrison. PRIVATES. Edward Birmingham, George J. Fiubely, William Houck, Thomas Larkins, John I. Pope, William M. Baldwin, Joseph Deal, Andrew Gartlin, Henry Jacobs, Thomas Leroy, PRIVATES. Francis Betzold, Peter Bals, Lewis Bleibler, Jacob Bopp, Gebhard Butooha, Conrad Crow, George Deis, David Delz, Wendelin Dehner, Lawrence Elsaerser, Adelmar Finn, Casper Gutterdam, Charles Eithauer, Daniel Figge, Adam Fornof, Lewis Herr, Henry S. Rockey, Joseph Sheppard, George Sanders, Stacy Taylor, Nelson Triss, John C. Steinbrecher, John M. Smith, John Sanders, Thomas J. E. Taylor. John C, Walton, Eugene W. Weaver. 118 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTERR COMPANY A. Mustered into service August 17, 1862. INFANTRY. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain George E. Ross. First Lieutenant Elias F. Scott. Second Lieutenant David Mitchell. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Hugh O'Harra. Sergeant Thomas W. Hodges. Sergeant John A. Pickering. Sergeant William McKenzie. Sergeant Edward H, Reynolds. Corporal George W. :\mbrose. Corporal Philip E. Wright. Corporal George Marshall. Corporal William Smith. Corporal Robert L. Lesslie. Corporal Jacob Lewis. Drummer Joseph T'issell, ° PRIVATES. Harrison Abbott, Joseph Bradfield, Llewellyn Burkhead, Wilford Clemens, Horace Fairbanks, Alpheus Fairbanks, George Fissell, David Green, Thomas Grove, Augustus Harlor, Clemens Hill, Henry C. Hill, William H. Hall, Samuel Johnson, Alvan Milligan, Marcus M. Morris, John Pileyr, Daniel Reed, John Ryan, James Shaw, John Scott, Jeremiah Styers, Seymour Van Meter, Harness R. Buckles, David C. Adkins, Jeremiah Byrd, John Collins, Charles Darby, Francis M. Funk, Leonard E. Justice, John LeMay, James Martin, David Wheeler, William T, Wallace. William Alexander, Adam Beers, Hillery F. Bunch, Charles L. Davis, Mahlon Fairbanks, George M. Ferguson, Robert Gardner, William A. Good, Francis M. Holt, Joseph Harlor, Albert Hill, Joseph Hill, Alexander Huffman, Henry F. Long, James Milligan, Ananias Meeker, Joseph Redhead, William Reed, William I. Swank, James M. Spencer, Adam Spangler, George Tool, George W. Grakun, John D. Arter, Noah Adkins, . John C. Byrd, Alfred Crawford, Wilson Fisher, Robert E. Huston, Stephen Justice, Joseph H. Long, John S. Morris, Ilisha IF’. Webb, William Tool. COMPANY fF, Mustered into service \ugust 19, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Miles V. Payne. First Lieutenant Samuel H. Cole. Second Lieutenant Theodore Jones. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Sergeant James W, Cramer. Sergeant Oscar A. Moore. Corporal Daniel White. PRIVATES, George Annentrout, Isaac Bailey, John Burk, William Cunningham, Atwel Dulin, Leonard Eastman, George Floyd, Thomas J. Heaton, William J. Botkin, Orrin S. Brownson, Barnard Cox, Robert Carey, Alonzo Eastman, Alonzo Frazell, William H. V. Garwood, Daniel Hartold, John Hites, Arthur T. Johnson, William H. McCracken, Charles Porter, Amos W.. Heaton, James McCullough, Philip Neff, Barnett Price, John E. Paschel, John Seeboles, James Shumway, Sylvester Van Schoyck, John Parrish, William H. Sands, George Trowbridge, Henry Waterman. FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, This regiment was recruited at Worthington, Franklin county, in the month of September, and was organized on October 16, 1861. On February 22, 1862, it re- ported at Paducah, Kentucky, with an aggregate of nine hundred and seventy-five men, and was brigaded with the Sixth Iowa and the Fortieth Illinois, in General Sher- man’s division. On March 8th the regiment arrived at Savannah, and was engaged during the entire battle of Pittsburg Landing. Its loss was two hundred and eighty killed and wounded, and fifteen captured. The dead were conveyed to a spot a little to the south of the summit of the ridge overlook- ing Owl creek, immediately in front of the first line of battle, and near thé Purdy road, and there interred in single graves, with the honors of war. April 27th, the regiment moved, with the army, upon Corinth. In No- vember the regiment started on a campaign through Mississippi, under General Grant, but was obliged to re- turn. Early in June the regiment joined in the siege of Vicksburg, and, after the surrender, moved in the direc- tion of Jackson. October 1oth, the regiment, with the Fifteenth corps, embarked for Memphis, and from there marched to the relief of Chattanooga. At the battle of Mission Ridge, the regiment: was heavily engaged, and lost many in killed and wounded. Soon after, it marched to Knoxville, and from there to Scottsboro’, Alabama, where it arrived December 31, 1863, having marched over five hundred miles in about two months, exposed to inclement weather, without tents, and almost without food and clothing. Here the regiment was armed with Spencer’s repeating rifled muskets; and here, too, it re- enlisted as veterans. It was furloughed on March 30, 1864, and, after an absence of thirty-eight days, it re- turned to its camp at Scottsboro’. On May rst the regi- ment moved, by way of Chattanooga, to Resaca, where it was engaged on the 13th, 14th and rsth, with but small loss. From here the march was resumed to Dallas. In the engagements at this point the Spencet rifles caused such havoc, that ever after the Forty-sixth was known and dreaded throughout the opposing army. Next the regiment participated in the battle of New Hope Church. ‘The command gained a position within eighty yards of the enemy. Their fire was harassing the brigade greatly, and Colonel Walcutt, commanding, de- termined to gain the rebel line without loss. He arranged the brigade as for a charge, with flags flying, and all the’ buglers in the line. His men, who were well covered, were directed to bring their guns to bear along the ene- my’s parapet; when the bugles sounded to forward, the enemy raised, as had been expected, to repel the antici- pated assault, but received, instead, a severe fire. The result was, the enemy abandoned the works in confusion, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ti9 and, during the night, withdrew. June 6th, the brigade passed through Ackworth, and went into bivouac until the ninth, when it went on a reconnoisance to Kenesaw, where it joined its division. June r5th, the Forty-sixth, with its brigade, supported by the two brigades of the di- vision, was ordered to charge a line on a ridge some half a mile distant. This was done in gallant style. Twenty- two officers, four hundred men and six hundred stand of small arms were captured, and many of the enemy were killed and wounded. On the twenty-sixth, Walcutt’s, and two brigades from General Smith’s division, were detailed as a storming party. The Forty-sixth was in the advance of the movement. The heavy aéatis of the enemy’s main works was too cumbersome, and, after repeated and de- termined efforts, our men were obliged to withdraw. In this assault the Forty-sixth captured sixty prisoners, but its own loss, in killed and wounded was severe. After the evacuation of Kenesaw, the regiment moved for At- lanta, and, on the evening of the twentieth, went into line in front of the city. Here it did gallant service. At Ezra Church the regiment was again engaged, capturing the colors of the Thirtieth Louisiana, with .its colonel. Ten officers and fully one-half of the men of the rebel regiment were killed. The flag, which was a present from the ladies of New Orleans to the regiment, was pre- sented by General Logan to its immediate captor, Harry Davis, and was contributed by him to the State of Ohio. It is now in the relic room of the State House, at Co- lumbus. August 3d the Forty-sixth, with details from other reg- iments, was ordered to drive in, or capture, the enemy’s outposts. The contest was severe, and resulted in the capture of about one hundred prisoners. At Jonesboro’ the regiment charged the enemy’s line, on the twenty- eighth, capturing four officers and fifty men. On the second of September the regiment captured the enemy’s fortified skirmish line. At Lovejoy’s station, the regi- ment had a hand to hand conflict, in which the enemy was forced to retire, with a loss of about fifty prisoners. Next, the regiment moved against Hood, in northern Georgia and Alabama, after which it retired to the vicinity of Atlanta, where it arrived on November 5th. The reg- iment was at Raleigh when the news of the surrender of Lee’s army was received. It participated in the grand review at Washington, and was mustered out July 22, 1865. FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Thomas Worthington, mustered as lieutenant-colonel, October 23, 1861; appointed colonel January 30, 1862. Lieutenant-Colonel Charles C. Walcutt, mustered as major, October 1, 1861; appointed lieutenant-colonel January 30, 1862. : Major William Smith, mustered as second lieutenant, November 5, 1861; appointed captain December 31, 1861; major, January 30, 1862, Adjutant John B. Neil, mustered as first lieutenant, October 1, 1861. Quartermaster Emanuel Giesy, mustered as first lieutenant, September 27, 1861. Surgeon Thomas McFadden, mustered in October 11, 1861. Assistant Surgeon Greenleaf C. Norton, mustered in October 19, 1861. Sergeant-Major Joseph A. Stewart, mustered in November 20, 1861. Quartermaster-Sergeant Elias H. Parsons, mustered in December 16, 1861. Commissary-Sergeant George E. Hutcheson, mustered in October 16, 1861. Principal Musician John Ackerman, mustered in January 4, 1862. Principal Musician Christopher M. Graham, mustered in November 20, 1861. REGIMENTAL BAND. Leader, Frederick A. Baker. First Class: William L. Perkins, Edwin Weibling, George N. Hanawalt, John W. Haynie, George L. Bright. Second Class: Solomon Simmons, Second Class: Silas Martin, _ David S. Miller, Eugene Peck, William Bright, Henry A. Guitner. Third Class: Moses Shanck, Third Class: Homer J. Budd, Marcus N. Haynie, Ezekiel B. Slaughter, George W. Scoville, Silas Sprague, Jacob M. Winter, James A. Slaughter, Lewis M. Beebe, William H. Parke, John R. Lachman, Charles A. Redding. COMPANY B. First Class: James 8. Strasburg, COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain A. G. Sharp. First Lieutenant Jacob Lohrer. Second Lieutenant George F. Crary. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Lucius A. Bowers; transferred to Company K, January 23, 1862. Sergeant Hiram Cross. Sergeant Marshall B. Wright. Sergeant Thomas Belford. Sergeant Charles G. Prentice. Corporal John A. Swank. Corporal John P. Williams. Corporal William Gauge. Corporal George Adams. Corporal Louis Kammerer. Corporal Henry C. Stiles. Corporal Andrew J. Baker. Corporal Solomon Cassiday. John Andrews, Henry Brink, Wilson Byrum, Edgar J. Copeland, Joseph Campbell,’ E. Van R. Colton, John Dickson, Washington Evans, Casimere Fortunbocker, Samuel Heaston, Holmes H. Hoover, George Hill,- Benjamin Hunter, Henry Hofmichter, John Kurtz, Frederick Kopp, Peter Miller, Adison M. Mansfield, Elias McKinley, Oron Mansfield, William Oberdier, David M. Pence, David Ryne, David Smith, Daniel H. Smith, Theodore Smiley, William Sherman, John Wallace, Thomas Wood, Eli Williams, Joseph Walbourne, Samuel Yarger, Green Gaskill, Elias Hastings, Ira B. Kile, PRIVATES. Oakum A. Booker, Philip Barch, William Buly, George M. Carter, Joseph Clark, Christian Coble, Peter Dowdall, Junius H. Fairman, George W. Fuiks, William H. Hoover, Albert A. Hatfield, Columbus Huddle, Henry Heller, Milton Jones, Martin Kaetzel, John Lipps, Samuel J. Miiler, James McKinney, Henry Michelbach, Christian May, James O'Neil, Joel Rhodes, Alexander Ryne, Isaac Smith, Avery A. Sherdon, Sommerset R. Snoffer, William Shirey,. Charles Wallace, Joseph Wright, John Walker, Edward Willson, Doctor Atwater, Samuel Gaskell, George E. Hutchinson; Henry Plumber, _ Joseph Sigman. i20 COMPANY C, COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Captain Harding C. Geary. First Lieutenant Edward N. Upton. Second Lieutenant Joseph Mellen. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant John B. Foster. Sergeant Lucius Windle. Sergeant Joseph Bell. Sergeant William R. Steele. Sergeant William S. Dalton. Corporal George Knoderer. Corporal John C. Lilley. Corporal Daniel Daugherty. Corporal Alvert C. Brown. Corporal Edward Lewis, Corporal Jacob Schock. Corporal George Frankenburg. Corporal Robert Davis. Musician Cyrenus Trowbridge. Musician George Gfalzfrass. Wagoner Jacob Shilling. PRIVATES. Christopher Angle, Adrian L. Bancroft, George D. Bancroft, Christopher F. Bitz, Francis M. Brittingham, Allen Boyd, John Calvert, John W. Cassiday, William H. Fisher, Simon J. Fought, Edward H. Garrett, George R. Galloway, Lewis Harmon, John B. Hendley, Mathew Holland, John Hendrickson, Eli Howell, Frederick T. Jameson, William Jowitt, Robert Knight, Albert McCarty, Henry McUtchen, Joseph Baker, Charles H. Bancroft, Andrew Bell, James Blair, James Butler, Enoch Brittingham, Alfred Clemens, Thomas M. Finks. James Fielding, Moses Gaunt, Joseph M. Garrett, Gearge L. Geary, William H. Hempy, Joseph Herner, Morris Horn, John Haefy, John Humphries, William E. Joshua, Martin Kanary, John Lewis, McUtchen, Anthony McGill, Charles Miller, George Mummel, John Parkison, Andrew Sheridan, David V. Smith, Francis M. Smith, William T. T, Underwood, James White, Henry Morris, John H. Ogborn, John Senior, Jonathan V. M. Smith, Daniel O. Smith, Daniel South, William Ward, Jefferson T. Wales, Charles Wheeler, George H. Bethard, John A. Moore, Mortimer Royce, Samuel W. Zimmerman, Thomas ikens, George W. McClane, Daniel Masters, COMPANY E. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Captain William Pinney. First Lieutenant William Nessler. Second Lieutenant William W. Watts. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, First Sergeant Henry C. Burr. Sergeant James C. Howard. Sergeant John M. Case. Corporal John 8, Garner. Corporal Charles S. Comstock. Corporal Edward Sebring. Corporal Elias Barker. PRIVATES. Eli Barker, Thomas M. Davis, Henry Faller, Robert Coons, John R. Fryer, John N. Lawson, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Noah Looker, Joshua L. McRill, John F. Mclivane, John A. Murlin, Frederick W. Norris, Charles E. Skeels, George W. Wagner. COMPANY F. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Henry H. Geisy. First Lieutenant John J. Carran. Second Lieutenant Charles H. Rice. Wagoner Charles Shipman. PRIVATES. John O'Riley. COMPANY G. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Phillip A. Crow. First Licutenant Charles E, Taylor. Second Lieutenant Hiram B. Wilson. Leander Mercer, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant David Stewart. Sergeant Harlow G. Johnston, ~ Sergeant John B. Phinney. Sergeant Jasper Smith. Sergeant James A. Newcomb. Corporal Thomas Tansy. Corporal John E. Evans. Corporal William W. Miller. Corporal Alexander Mullen. Corporal Addison Blain. Musician Thomas Pugh. Musician Jacob Kissel. Wagoner Jefferson Learn. PRIVATES. Edward Buckley, Joseph Betheord, James Clawson, Henry Farnam, William Hutson, Lamar B. Jones, Moses Johnson, John Lepps, John A. Moore, Joseph Mullen, Oliver Mullen, Otis Millington, John W. Burton, John Besse, E. Van R. Cotton, Joseph Campbell, Isaac Golden, John Herron, Thomas Jamieson, Rufus Ketner, Peter McKilver, Bruce Murry, Martin Van B. Mullen, Levi Millington, Samuel J. Miller, Albert Pugh, John G. Paul, George W. Stiner, Joseph R. Smith, William Skates, Uiay Thomas, Theodore Woodruff, Christian May, William H. Patterson, William Perry, Albert Smith, Phillip Sutton, William Sherman, David Van Tassel, Joseph Wright, Levi Wagoner. Privates John S. Atwater, John S. Bennett, Chester Bethard, Hezekiah Corbin, Thomas Davis, James H. Fairman, David M. Pence and Thomas J. Rice, were transferred to Company K, January 23, 1862. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Mitchell C. Lilly. First Lieutenant Thomas C, Platt. Second Lieutenant John Ramsey. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Ebenezer E. Bickett. Sergeant Andrew W. McConnell. Sergeant Michael A. Lilly. Sergeant Joseph Amos. Sergeant John H. Valentine. Corporal Augustus B. Wood. Corporal Nicholas Allender. Corporal George W. Gorman. Corporal John Riemensnyder. ° HISTORY OF FRANKLIN. AND Corporal Joseph Alexander. Corporal William H. Bendell. Corporal James E. Gowans. Corporal Jacob Morritz. .. Musician Christopher M, Graham. Musician Reason B. Parker. Wagoner Henry W. Persons. PRIVATES. Neely Alexander, Howard G. Affleck, PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 121 Elijah McNeal, John O'Brien, Valentine Strode, Lemuel Olds, Samuel Riddle, Samuel Smith, James Hudson. VIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Lieutenant Granville M. White. Charles W, Axline, William Brelsford, Bruce W. Beall, Charles L. Britton, George Barringer, James M. Church, Theodore T. Cook, Luke Davis, Jonathan Dent, John W. Fields, John Granger, Levi Gorrell, John Hays, Peter Hughes, Michael Hamm, Cornelius Kelcher, Alfred Kock, Horace Latimer, . Benedict Levy, Wallace H. Moore, Abraham McDonald, Henry C. McCracken, William H. Newland, Martin Regner, Wilson P. Smith, George R. Snell, Homer Shumway, John Scheaf, William P. Thatcher, James Wilson, Thomas W. Hurtt, Lewis A. White, Jefferson Bickett. Bruce 8S. Brown, Madison Bradford, Philander C. Britton, Ammon P. Converse, Henry C. Church, Harry Davis, Cicero Davis, John Engle, James Gochenour, Mankin J. Gibbons, John E. Hill, William M. Harris, John M. Hurtt, Charles W. Johnson, Patrick Kelly, Lewis Lofland, Robert M. Lilly, Edwin Lyman, John H. Miller, William McMullen, Martin Myers, John Riley, John D, Reed, Jacob Shirey, William Sayne, James A. Shaw, William H. Taylor, John C. Temanus, George W. Aston, John B. Miller, Henry Waterman, Second Lieutenant John Bell. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Sergeant James M. Dimpsey. Sergeant Peter J. Gasnell. Sergeant William H. Elliott. Corporal Carlisle Leeds. Corporal James M. Andrews. Corporal David F. Price. Frank B, Adams, James W. Amnstrong, Cyrus Ballard, Christian W. Baker, James Cavener, William G. Cochran, Jackson V. B, Ford, Peter Haines, Joseph Huffman, Lewis Huffman, Henry D. King, Nathan D. Mitchell, Hiram Seas, Joseph Scott, Chas. Vanatta, Lyndon Walker, PRIVATES. Elijah Athey, Jacob Barber, . Nicholas Barber, John M. Breeden, James M. Casselman, Thomas Davin, George W. Gordon, John Hawk, George Haughn, Joseph Haines, Thomas J. Mitchell, George W. Miller, John Speilman, Joseph Tipton, Richard C. White, Joseph Wright. COMPANY G. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Sergeant Frank G. Leeds. Sergeant Absalom Barror. Corporal William H. Beatty. COMPANY K. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Charles L. Ly Brand. Second Lieutenant Joseph A. Stewart. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Lewis A. White. Sergeant George W. Aston. Corporal Green Gaskill. Corporal Ira B. Kile. PRIVATES. + Chester Bethard. Hezekian Corbin, James H. Fairman, George E. Hutchinson, Homer K. Hoover, John B. Miller, Henry Plummer, Thomas J. Rice, Henry Waterman. John S. Atwater, Henry M. Benton, Thomas Davis, Elias Hastings, Thomas W. Hurtt, John A. Moore, George Prime, David M. Pence, Joseph Sigman, FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY kK. Mustered into service August 21, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Andrew S. Bloom. Second Lieutenant, Samuel I. Brent. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Henry Brakeman. Corporal Andrew Sendelback. Corporal John Murphy. PRIVATES. Andrew J. Jeffers, James McNeal, Elisha Dowdna, Thomas McNeal, 16‘ PRIVATES. Henry Beeshon, Albert Frazier, Augustus W. Graseman, David T. Layton, Joseph Williamson, FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER William Dolan, John Furgurson, Levi Looker, James T. Wright, L.... D. Young. INFANTRY. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Levi M. Willits. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Musician Charles H. Nelson. Musician David M. Sigmun. William Adams, Fred. Brener, Jesse P. Caldwell, Wiiliam Clark, Silas S. Dickens, Henry Hays, John Jones, Silas R. Moon, Thomas McMahan, John Owens, Russell Pickle, Lewis Schunansky, John Sherman, Robert West, John Walter, PRIVATES, William Barhite, James Casey, Anthony Carr, Thomas Cornwell, Peter Herr, George Herrington, George McDonald, John Malony, Ezra Miller, William Parr, Enoch P. Rankin, Judson Smith, Charles Thompson, James Wilson, Rosmond Pickle, - Rufus H. Park. FIFTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Lieutenant-Colonel Ferdinand F. Remple. Major Peter Dister. 122 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND Surgeon Rainer Schallern. Assistant Surgeon Eugene Ringler. Adjutant Romani Lujeane. Quartermaster Peter A. Bishop. Hospital Steward Johann H. Ulrich. COMPANY B, Mustered into service January 9, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Joseph N. Brown. First Lieutenant Charles Straedter. Second Lieutenant Henry Oderfeld. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Magnus Fink. Sergeant John Briggelmann. Sergeant Charles Schan. Corporal Christian Reehl. Corporal David Orbariske. Corporal George Ginter. Corporal Andrew Habarath. Corporal Adolph Herrmann. Wagoner Frank Klein. Jacob Ambacher, Ludwig Bruck, Henry Bremmer, Tre Dillison, Franklin Fritz, William Glick, Joseph Gagle, Markus Harden, George Hildenbrand, Paulus Hilbert, Charles Kuchler, George Keller, Frank Louis, Joseph Mitke, Andrew Nabor, William Richers, Nicholaus Ruffiny, David Schlesinger, John Schenk, David Smith, Jacob Smith, Florenz Schreiner, PRIVATES. John Albert, Frank Brunner, Mickel Deisler, Charles Elrich, Adam Fischer, Christian Giese, Edward Hughes, Charles Hummel, Peter Himann, John Knobloch. Philippi Kern, August Liebetran, John Markly, Joseph Nonnemacher, Silas Peny, John Ruslins, Edward Samlano, Samuel Selig, Henry Schuerkert, William Rall, Anton Schaffer, August Herrman. COMPANY C. Mustered into service January 9, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Lieutenant E. J. Branneis. Second Lieutenant Earharell Goehl. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Sergeant Jacob Harris. Sergeant Charles Lusht. Corporal Charles Fleishler. Corporal George Volz. Corporal Gustav Hirtmann, Corporal George Daubert. Corporal Charles Flinnke. Musician John B. Meicr. PRIVATES. John Berki, Jacob Broadbeck, Rindolph Armon, Louis Bohm, PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. COMPANY G. Mustered into service January 11, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Baptisk Benkler. Captain Oscar Von Brabenber. First Lieutenant Jacob Haring. Second Lieutenant Conrad B. Krause. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant August Linder, Sergeant Thomas Herbig. Sergeant John Schmidt. Sergeant Adam Roof. Corporal Rudolph Domke. Corporal Rudolph Schoder. Corporal Charles Esch. Corporal Leonhardt Baner. Corporal John Klein. Corporal Aug. Vogelsberg. Musician Henry Junigal. PRIVATES. Peter Claudi, Michael Enzel, Jean Guihnann, Lew’s Heckmann, James Johnson, Jacob Kochendoerpen, George Moser, James McNallen, Joseph Bachman, George Dixon, Jacob Eger, Frank Guckert, Lewis Heimlect, Ernst Kinnzel, Charles Luse, Daniel Moessner, Aibert Ochl, Christopher Ott, Frank Plessing, Thomas Peace, William Platt, John Rose, John Rice, Fredrich Scharlact, George D. Sass, John Sturhof, Henry Ulrich, Peter Wocke, Jean Rufferig, Peter Stuenmer, Gottleib Seidel, Joseph H. Schoefer, Jean Wolfahrt, Charles Wittech, Frank Weber. COMPANY I. Mustered into service October 30, 1861. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Samuel M. Morrison. First Lieutenant William Roby. Second Lieutenant Stephen Defenbaugh. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant J. T. Morrison. Sergeant Joseph Davisson, Sergeant Stephen Miller. Sergeant H. N. Myers. Sergeant manuel Royse. Corporal C. W. Myers. Corporal John W. Row. Corporal Samuel A Shuck. Corporal Reuben Steeley. Corporal H. H. Dixon. Corporal Henry Mounjoy. Corporal A. Leist. Corporal Nelson H. Wilson. Musician C. C. Nye. Musician W. H. Campbell. Wagoner William Hennis. PRIVATES. John Burcheredt, Stephen Fuli, John Klink, Christian Moersch, Angarl Rein, Eugene Schallern, Philip Schroeizer, Frederick Stlenclir, Stephen Wilson, Frederich Wohlert, Private William D. Boyd, J. C. Degenhardt, John Kehl, John Mangold, Frederick Mueller, George Schaefer, Nicolaus Schimmel, Gottleib Ernst Senfl, Frederich Strausf, John Weish, Christian Feltner, COMPANY D, Private Leonhard Schmidt. P. N. Bushey, James Butler, E. R. Black, J. N. Brooks, J. W. Buchanan, Daniel Bendum, E. Bartley, J. Bogles, S. Birely, A. Beavers, E, E. Buken, S.C. Crites, | R. Conrod, G. R. Camp, P, Cullins, N.C. Devore, L. C. Connseller, Daniel Dixon, John Derry, E. P. Gilpin, James George, John Grant, J. M. Huff, Jobn Hall, * HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 123 Samuel Hase, John Hase, James Page, Elisha Patterson, A. Igo, W. A. Johnston, David P. Park, James Putman, Leonard Julion, Jacob Kern, Jacob Rodel, George V. Richards, Leroy Kern, G. W. Ludwig, Zenas M. Rice, Levi C. Strader, Daniel Lechler, W. T. Morrison, Aaron Seeds, John S. Spillman, Thomas McHorton, J. A. Myers, Sylvester P. Stevenson, John Shumm, James McDowel, W. H. Morgan, William Spindler, Lewis Swickard, Thomas McCormick, G. W. Martin, ‘i Henry Moyer, William H. Pontius, Horace Putnam, W. C. Robberts, H. Reinmund, George Medler, Daniel Molay, Joslah Onio, Thomas Putnam, George Row, A. Rice, _George Rhodes, John Speck, Henry Seim, John E. Tipton, Thomas E.. Taylor, Oliver W. Talley, Franklin Thompson, David A. Vandruff, James E. Winegardner, Philip Schmidt, Lewis H. Turner, Michael Toole, James Temple, Robert Twigg, David Trine, Joel H. Worthington, George Williams, S. M. Shaffer, “John Steely, A. W. Shuck, John Smith, John Stub, N. C. Thomas. John Thomas, Allen Thomas, Solomon Thomas, Harrison Thomas, John Todd, C. Vandermark, Samuel Ward, John Weaver, John Wolford, William Wells, Peter Wotring, E. Wolington, Amos Wymer, J. Wartes, C. C, Shelenburgh. SIXTIETH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY .A. Mustered into service March 14, 1864. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Elitha D. House. First Lieutenant George W. Campbell. Second Lieutenant Henry J. Wenny. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant William S. Hensel. . Sergeant James McKelvey. Sergeant John C. Bell. Sergeant Clinton E. Sharp. Sergeant William W. McMillen. Corporal Levi S. Strader. Corporal Thomas S. Armstrong. Corporal Oliver S. Gordon. Corporal Pearl P. Ingalls. Corporal William Benton. Corporal Lewis Hine. Corporal William Brackenridge. Corporal William J. Miller. McCoy Armstrong, James W. Bain, William C. Borrer, William Bell, James H. Brown, John Cramer, Peter Cubbage, Nelious Detliser, Joseph W. Dwault, William Dempsey, John Duff, Taylor Darrow, George J. Elvin, Marsellas Fickel, Alpheus Flarida, Clay Fravel, Conrad Felker, Martin Gladman, Lawrence Gorrell, John W. Hudson, John Haynes, George Kopp, James A. Latham, Robert Lacy, James Lewis, William Matney, Reuben Mam, PRIVATES. William E. Allegre, Giles S. Blair, Lysander S. Baldwin, Chester W. Brooks, James Bolen, John F. Clark, Thomas W. Case, Franklin Drake, James Doren, William H. Dennis, Patrick Devit, Robert Drace, Wellington Eusminger, Casper Fultz, Daniel W. Fowls, George Fleischmann, Jonathan Freeman, William E. German, Casper Graff, William Hill, Harvey Johnson, Elzey Lacy, George Lape, John Logan, Solomon McCullic, James Miller, John W. Osman, ‘ Longstreet’s: corps. Joseph F. Watts. COMPANY D. Musician George W. Soyers. PRIVATES. Jacob S. Hance, Nathaniel Harding, James W. White. COMPANY I. Zachary S. Hicks, Jeremiah S. Herron, Charles Stonehouse, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Sergeant George B. Field. Sergeant William H. Lathrop. Musicians Charles Moccabel, Thomas Starkey. PRIVATES. Allen W. Green, Samuel Lescoe. SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was made up from almost every county in the State. Companies B and C were largely recruited from Pickaway county. It was organized at Camp Chase, April 23, 1862, and departed for Western Virginia May 27, 1862. One month later it joined Major-General Fremont’s army at Strasburg, and marched with it to Sperryville, Virginia, where Major-General Pope assumed command of the army. At Freeman’s Ford, on the Rappahannock river, the Sixty-first had its first fight with the enemy—a. part of In the second Bull Run battle it covered the retreat of the National forces on the Center- ville turnpike, toward Washington. In this engagement the Sixty-first lost twenty-five men, killed and wounded. September 2d the regiment was engaged at Fairfax Court House, and eventually fell back to the chain bridge and formed a part of the reserve force, under General Siegel, for the protection of Washington. January 20, 1863, the regiment marched to Hartwood Church, and built winter quarters; but after occupying them one night they were abandoned, and the regiment marched to Stafford Court House, where it remained until April 27, 1863. The Sixty-first then crossed the Rappahannock at Kelley’s ford, and moved to the rear of the rebel posi- tion at Fredericksburg, where it formed a connection with that portion of the National army which crossed the Rappahannock at United States Ford. It took posi- tion on the right, preparatory to the battle of Chan- cellorsville, which was opened at six o’clock on the evening of May 2d. The Sixty-first was engaged on the 2d, 3d, 4th, and sth. It lost four officers wounded, a large number of men wounded, and five killed. June rath it joined in pursuit of Lee’s rebel army, at tha} 124 time making its way into Pennsylvania. battle of Gettysburg, on July rst, and suffered severely, losing heavily in killed, wounded, and prisoners. Cap- tain Bending and Lieutenant Mill were captured and kept in rebel prisons until the close of the war. October 27th the regiment started for Chattanooga, to aid in opening communication, by way o the Tennessee river, with that beleaguered city. On the night of the 28th it was engaged in a fierce fight at Wauhalchie valley, defeating and driving the rebels across Lookout creek. In this fight three were killed and a number wounded. On the twenty-third, twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth of November the regiment was cngaged in Mission Ridge fight, and on the twenty-ninth it marched with the Na- tional forces to the relief of Knoxville, after which it returned to Bridgeport, ‘Tennessee, to winter quarters. In March, 1864, the Sixty first te-enlisted and was or- dered to Ohio on its veteran furlough of thirty days. On April 28, 1864, the regiment re-assembled at Camp Dennison, Ohio, and on the same day started for the front, reaching Chattanooga on the fifth of May. On Sunday, May rsth, the regiment participated in the bloody action at Resaca, losing several men. From this time until November 15th the regiment was engaged in numerous actions and skirmishes, and lost many men in killed and wounded. November r5th it started with General Sherman’s army in its ‘tmarch to the sea.” In this great march the regiment had but one skirmish with the enemy—at Sandersville, Georgia. Aside from hard marches through the swamps of South Carolina, nothing of interest occurred until Bentonville was reached. At this point the last real battle of the march was fought. The Sixty-first Ohio performed its part in this battle, and lost some men wounded and captured. Marching with the army, the regiment reached Colds- boro’, North Carolina, where it was consolidated with the Eighty-second Ohio, the combined regiment taking the name of the latter-named organization. This act blotted from the rolls of the army the name of the Sixty- first Ohio, but it does remain on record. areliable regiment, and was always found where duty called it. Its losses by its casualties of the field were so numerous that at the close of its service a little band of only sixty men and officers remained to answer to its last roll-call. The consolidated regiment joined in the march through the rebel capital to Washington city, where it participated in the grand review, and, after a slight detention, was sent home to Columbus and mustered out of the service about the first of September, 1865, It was always SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTERR INFANTRY, COMPANY C. Mustered into service in January, February, and March, 1862. ‘ COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain D. W. Crouse. First Lieutenant Henry R. Bending. Second Lieutenant Joseph Hess. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, First Sergeant Thomas Wolfley. Sergeant Cyrus K. Lrwin. It opened the — HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Sergeant William J. Kinnear. Sergeant Henry Clemons. Sergeant Jacob F, Marder, jr. Corporal William H. Kirkwood. Corporal Charles Miller. Corporal James Machin, jr. Corporal Samuel Dunn. Corporal Robert McMaines. Corporal John Whalaver. Musician John McAllister. Wagoner George W. Hoak. PRIVATES. James Burkley, Alexander Calahan, John Fox, Benjamin F. Hall, Abram Huntsberry, George Knadelen, William Moore, Lawrence McKee, James McMananny, Daniel Murphy, William Oyer, Barnett Abbott, John Brown, Ifenry Davis, Benjamin Groom. John N. Hammel, William Justus, Valentine Just, J.emuel Morris, Joseph Martin, David McMananny, Franklin Nicols, Jonas Oyer, David Oyer, John Pritchard, William D. Reed, Jonathan B. Rife, David Rife, Daniel Strawser, Mangus W. Stretling. Vincent Seals, John Thomas, Samuel Van Gundy, Patrick Whalen, John Shisler, James Smith, William Smith, Joseph Van Lear, John Whitesel, Philip Winer. COMPANY I. Mustered into service May 21, 1862. NON-COMNISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal John Guilloume. Corporal L. J. Cassady. PRIVATES. Martin Coleman, Patrick Dalany, Peter Harrison, Miles Kenney, Cornelius Nolan, Daniel Sullivan, Thomas Sweeney, Benjamin White. Hugh Cray, Patrick Conelly, Patrick Fahey, John Jackson, Patt Mathews, Michael Riddle, B. F. Sherman, John F. Taser, SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY Hy 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Mustered into service March 5, Captain Leonard C. Counsellar, mustered in as Second Lieutenant; ap- pointed Captain, March 3, 1862. Virst Lieutenant Edward R. Black, mustered in as a private; promoted Second Lieutenant, January 20, 1862; appointed First Lieutenant, March 3, 1862. Second Licutenant Frederick Pickering, mustered in as private; pro- moted Second Tacutenant, March 3, 1862. NON-CUMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Tirst Sergeant .\. J. Collier. tergeant A. J. Penbroke. Sergeant .\. P, Bennett. Sergeant John Butler. Sergeant George W, Elkridge. Corporal E. F. Steele. Corporal J. W. Iengland. , Corporal Jacob Brobeck. Corporal T. J. Jones. Corporal John Henig. Corporal G. W. Weaver. Corporal R. B. Case. Corporal Emanuel Buriner. Musician C. F. Collier. Wagoner Daniel Weider. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 125 Barnes H. Allwine, G. W. Baughman, Emanual Budd, David Beck, Patrick Brannan. D. A. Blosser, Richmond Cook, T. W. Casky, Thomas England, C. W. Elmore, Henry Frankford, James A. Griffy, George Gehning, Elias Hessinger, David Hudson, James Justice, Samuel P. Jones, W. H. Linville, Lewis Morse, W. P. Mayle, * John ‘O'Connell, John T. Palm, G. W. Pontious, Christian Roaf, A. J. Shireff, John Shaffer, Phocian Smith, W. A. Worley, George Werderlich, W. M. Worley, Simon Young, PRIVATES. John W. Benchman, William Brunner, George Bowers, William Brown, William Beckwith, Levi Boysel, Emanuel Cave, T. W. Dumond, Marcus Eaton, Isaac Faust, E. C. Focke, Alfred Grifty, R. R. Hurdle, Frederick Hetenhouser, Francis Hill, Andrew Jackson, Nicholas Kuhn, John Lundenberger, E. B. W. Morris, W.R. Murrell, William O'Connell, John Process, John H. Reid, Richmond Rey, William Sapp, M. W. Smith, Daniel Wann, John Wefier, Julious Woodruff, John Young, James Brooks. SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY E, Mustered into service December 30, 1861. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Justus G. McSchooler. First Lieutenant Archibald LyBrand. Second Lieutenant Charles W. Trimble. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Horace S. Clark. Sergeant Samuel Peters. Sergeant Samuel F. Jones. Sergeant John Alexander. Sergeant Henry W. Meeker. Corporal Ebenezer E. Clark. Corporal William B. Davis. Corporal Job P. Duvall. Corporal Thornton Vanmeter. Corporal Frank M. Snider. Corporal Oliver H. P. Burnett. ‘Corporal George W. Gephart. Corporal Jacob Grant. Musician William Hege. “Musician William Haddock. PRIVATES. Daniel O. Horn, Philip Reed, Cyrus Rush, John Shafer, William W. Townsend, George Turflinger, David Thompson, Peter Rape, William Ross, John Reynolds, David Stonerock, George W. Turflinger, Joseph H. Turflinger, Benjamin Thorp, James Welsh, James Whalen, Henry Furnis. George Westerville, John White, [Marcus Walston. SEVENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY F, Mustered into service Dec. 14, 1861. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Ben. Morgan. First Lieutenant Harvey Cranipton. Second Lieutenant Elias R. Monfoot. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Samuel C. Buckman. Sergeant Joseph Potts. Sergeant Philip Shiplin. Sergeant John McFeeters. Sergeant John Jackson. Corporal Jacob R. Coleman. Corporal Rufus Taylor. Corporal Franklin S. Anderson, Corporal Henry Sour. Corporal Frederick W. Green. Corporal William Walters. Corporal David Weirian. Corporal Joseph W. Shatts. Wagoner Joseph Gustin. PRIVATES. Iedward Allen, William Ada, George M. Brewer, David L. Crider, Frank Clement, James Dormady, Frank Elsessor, Milton Earnhart, Iedward Green, ; Henry H. Hughart, lézekiel Johnson, James M. Lloyd, Lewis McCurdy, Andrew R. Maxwell, Jacob W. Miller, Joseph IE. Musselman, Philip Nickle, Henry Nabol, Henry Reid, Frampton Rockhili, Joseph S$. Rockhill, Charles Steward, John B. Torrence, Peter Anthony, Stephen Bailey, Derick L. Barkalow, Jacob L. Crantle, James Crutch, Perry H. Deardorf, Frank Eversall, - Daniel J. Fleming, * Robert H. Hinkle, Stephen B. Hunt, Henry Jacobs, Jacob L. Loup, William P. McKnight, Watson Masgrove, John MeNellis, Henry Nickle, Patrick H. Rains, Thomas O'Garra, Shepherd Ross, Joel Rockhill, John W. Snider, Barney Spring, John Thompson. John Allton, William I. Beggarstoff, James T. Brown, Andrew Clendenen, John Dinley, Samuel Davis, Charles Davisson, Frank M. Ferguson, James Greer, Thomas Greer, Anthony Gardner, Patrick Hein, Edwin Helwagen, Wesley Hays, John W. Kelte, James H. Lee, John McCollister, John McManis, Daniel Martberger, Joseph Birt, Lewis Barnhart, Thomas Butterman, James Cullen, Isaac Davall, Joseph Dolon, Archibald Drake, John Funn, William H. Grindle, Thomas Godfrey, Peter Gallagher, Michael Harkins, John Henson, William Jackson, David Long, John C. McFaden, Joshua Morris, William D. McBride, David O'Donnel, EIGHTY-FOURTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY E. Mustered into service May 28, 1862. PRIVATES. Thomas E. Powell, Henry V. Powers, Charles Strawn, John A. Willis. Harvey McGullough, Cyrus G. Platt, Henry Parrott, Edward T. Wells, EIGHTY-FIFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY IE. This company was mustered into service June 10, 1862, for the period of three months. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Francis 5. Parker. First Lieutenant Hyman Dayton. Second Lieutenant Moses Shelt. 126 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Julius Van Hyde. Sergeant John D. Brantner. Sergeant Benjamin I. Lancaster. Sergeant John O. D. Ryan. Sergeant James H. Bowman. Sergeant Robert Morrison. Corporal Henry Grant. Corporal John Bolan. Corporal Laban Rogers. Corporal Jacob Gephart. Corporal George W. Thompson. Corporal John C. Sweetman. Corporal Benjamin F. Fritch. Corporal E. B. Clark. Corporal Russell Govench. Musician Elijah N. Betler. PRIVATES, John Albaugh, Patrick Butler, Spencer Brooks, Alban E. Bentley, William Clark, Thornton Cock, Thomas B. Day, John Dunavan, William Elsey,’ Peter Foerst, Thomas Greenfield, William Hudson, Franklin M. Hawks, Christopher Hanistine, Malcom Harris, John G. Johnson, William Killmon, John P. Mason, Dempster L. Meachum, Peter Maloy, John W. Messick, William McCalister, William A. Perden. Jaumier D. Ryan, George Stonerock, William Tinkler, James K. Watson, Edward G. Walters, Samuel Whitsel, Henry Wells, John R. Yardley, John B. Miller, Thomas McCabe, Peter H. Teter, John B. Strawen. Charles H. Albaugh, David R. Baird, Jacob Burton, William Birch, William Cox, Wesley C. Collins, John Dillen, John Dayton, George W. Erwin, William H. Eaton, John Gillmore, Thomas Hamilton, Simon Hillyard, Thomas F. Hall, Silas W. Hains, Daniel Harrigan, William B. Kelch, William P. Kelsner, Lewis Mangus, Amos Morris, Samuel L. Miner, Alexander McCoy, James McCoy, James P. Richardson, Bernard G. Smith, Henry Smeck, Lewis Thomas, Joseph Wymer, William Ward, Francis Walington, Henry G. Wilson, Thomas W. Zimmerman, Daniel W. Miller, Henry Ogle, Walter Perry, COMPANY K. Mustered into service August 1, 1862. Musician J. M. Long. Private Ferdinand Armintrout, Private Benjamin F. Dagen. EIGHTY-EIGHTH BATTALION-—GOVERNOR’S GUARD. . i COMPANY A. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Edwin L. Webber. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Harlow Rerk. Sergeant Frederick Zim. Sergeant Thomas I. Bowling. Sergeant John Hutson. COMPANY C, PRIVATES. Otis J. Counsellor, Hiram H. Fisher, Enoch Henry, Daniel W. Huddle, James B. Newton, Van Robinson, Benjamin F. Birt, Francis M. Cummins, Daniel Green, James Hoffhines, John Manahan, Jackson Roberts, Solomon Valentine, George Zimmerman. COMPANY F. PRIVATES. Virgil R. Shaw, Lewis Williams. Benvi Thurston, Daniel L. West, Chauncey Ackley, James A. Williams, COMPANY H. Second Lieutenant Thomas Reber. Private Lewis L. L. Rockey. COMPANY K. Private John Forsythe. NINETIETH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, This regiment was organized at Lancaster, Ohio, July 15, 1862. The organization of the regiment was com- pleted and it was mustered into service August 28, 1862. Its aggregate strength was thirty-eight commissioned off- cers and nine hundred and forty-three men. Companies A and F were recruited from Pickaway county. On the afternoon of August 29th the regiment embarked on the cars for Covington, Kentucky, where it reported to Major- General Wright on the 30th. From there it reported to General Nelson, at Lexington, Kentucky. On September rst rumors of the advance of the rebel army from Richmond became so strong that the army stores were burned, and. preparations were made for im- mediate retreat. At three o’clock, afternoon, the regi- ment was in line on the Versailles turnpike, detailed as guards for the wagon trains. At four, afternoon, the National forces had reached Versailles, a distance of twelve miles, and were in full retreat. This forced march was continued to Louisville, the men suffering terribly on the way from thirst and stifling dust. The fatigue was truly agonizing. This suffering was intensely aggravated by guarding the wells and cisterns along the route, which compelled the officers and soldiers to drink from the stagnant pools beside the road. The command con- sisted mostly of new levies, consequently the men were all unused to such hardships, and many sank under the terrible strain. At Shelbyville (a beautiful village) the thirst of the men was alleviated by the clear spring water kindly issued to each man by the citizens, as the column passed along. At one o’clock, afternoon, September 5th, the regiment encamped near Louisville, having marched one hundred miles in eighty-six hours, taking, in the meantime, less than sixteen hours’ sleep. At Louisville the regiment was assigned to the Twenty- first army corps, and marched with General Buell’s army in pursuit of the rebel forces, under Bragg. On the fif- teenth of October it crossed Little Rock-Castle river, and, meeting the enemy, posted on the road leading to Wild Cat mountain, drove them from that position. On the 2oth, the regiment surprised twelve hundred of the ene- my, and, with a yell, swooped down upon them, capturing over two hundred prisoners, and an equal number of cattle. While on this march, it effectually destroyed Goose Creek salt works, a valuable deposit, from which the rebels had long been drawing their supplies of that in- dispensable article. The march through this region was one of great hard- ship. Many of the men were shocless, and in marching over the snow-clad ground, they left their footprints HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PIEKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 124 marked with blood. On the twenty-sixth of December, 1862, the Ninetieth Ohio moved, with the army, on Murfreesboro, Tennessee. On the night of the 3oth, the division formed within one mile of Stone river. The morning of the 31st found the regiment in line ; after standing thus for several hours, hearing the din of battle, its turn came to be placed face to face with the enemy, when it fought as coolly as if it had been on a hundred battle-fields. The regiment lost, in this fight, one hun- dred and thirty men killed, wounded and missing. The regiment lay in camp until June 23d, when it moved, with General Rosecrans, on Tullahoma, and there it did effective work. Its losses were eighty-eight officers and men killed, wounded and missing. From here the march was resumed to Bridgeport, Alabama. January 24, 1864, it again moved, this time to Ooltewah, Tennessee, where it went into camp. This was abandoned on the third of May, at one o’clock in the afternoon, and then commenced the great Atlanta campaign. For one hundred and twenty days, the Ninetieth Ohio, in com- pany with the National forces, marched, fought and suf- fered, until the eighth of September, it had the satisfac- tion of entering the city of Atlanta—fairly won. The regiment camped here until October 3d, when it received orders to move. Passing through Atlanta, it made its way over nearly the same ground it had marched in its advance on that city. The regiment, with the Fourth corps, participated in all the brilliant fights on the way, including that of Franklin, which has been pronounced one of the most bloody of the whole war. It was also in the battle before Nashville, and after victory had crowned the National arms, joined in the pursuit of the demor- alized rebels to the banks of the Tennessee river. On the fourth of January, 1865, it went into camp near Huntsville, Alabama, where it remained until March, when it moved to Nashville. It remained here until the surrender of the rebel armies, when it was sent home to Ohio and mustered out. NINTIETH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. ‘FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Isaac N. Ross, mustered into service July 16, 1862. Surgeon Richmond H. Tipton, mustered into service August 19, 1862. Chaplain George L. Ralb, mustered into service August 29, 1862. Sergeant-Major Fred W. Fickardt, mustered into service August 29, 1862. Qartermaster-Sergeant Edward P. Garaghty, mustered into service Au- gust 29, 1862. Hospital Steward Albert Kinnear, mustered into service August 29, 1862. COMPANY A. Mustered into service August 26, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Francis M. Black. First Lieutenant William A. Denny. Second Lieutenant Andrew J. Willoughby. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant William D. Hudson. Sergeant Benjamin F. T. Yoakum. Sergeant William J. Hodges. . Sergeant Daniel M. Martin, Sergeant Henry R. Markley. Corporal Lancet S. Robinson. Corporal Seymour Bolin. Corporal Willam S. Williams. Corporal Thomas Ryan. Corporal James W. Anderson, Corporal Charles W. Thrall. Corporal John W. Sheets. Corporal David Prichard. Musician John I. Radcliff. Wagoner James W. Miller. PRIVATES. William Adkins, John E. Ashbrook, George Ater, Jacob Ater, Lewis C. Bower, Joseph Brobeck, Nelson D. Cady, Martin Crabill, George W. Dennis, Thomas B. Fragee, Erastus Furnace, Daniel Gochenover, Samuel Graham, Robert Hankinson, Elias H. Hines, Jacob Hills, John H. Huffman, Elias Justus, Isaac Lance, William Marsh, William McYath, John McGuire, John W. Miller, Jacob Morris, Joseph Neff, Nathaniel Neff, Frederick Owen, Osborn Phillips, Jacob Pursell, Robert B. Rice, Stephen Rose, Levi Septer, Henry Shannan, Jabob Smith, Aaron Stephens, William H. Tilton, Luther Tumbleson, John Wiegand, John H. Wilson, George W. Wood, Samson Adkins, James Ater, Thornton Ater, William Bateman, Joseph Briggs, William Brown, James Crabill, Albert Dolby, William England, William J. Furnace, Simeon Garret, Isaac H. Gray, Johnson Geeseman, James Hardesty, John Hines, John W. Hook, Edward Jerome, John M. Justus, James Lane, George W. Markley, William McKinley, John McDonald, Jonathan Minton, George S. W. Neff, Martin E. Neff, Benjamin S. Nutter, James R. Patterson,. Jesse H. Prichard, Jerry T. Pursell, Jonas Rose, James Rumsey, Jared Septer, Floyd Shisler, John Smith, Joseph Tatman, John Timmons, William Waston, Pleasant F. Wilson, John F. Williams, Joshua O. Yates, John Yates. COMPANY D. Mustered into service August 29, 1862. Private William Downs. COMPANY F, Mustered into service August 26, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain James J. Watkins, appointed captain July 22, 1862. First Lieutenant Thomas Rains, appointed first lieutenant July 22, 1862. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant James M. Griffith. Sergeant Nelson A. Patterson. Sergeant Andrew J. Cochran. Sergeant Amos S. Leist. Sergeant Richard A. Patton. Corporal Joshua Skinner. Corporal Noble M. Cochran. Corporal Gideon W. Rife. Corporal Charles H. Allen. Corporal William Sapp, Corporal William Hendrick. Corporal Joseph M. Thuston. Musician George Borden. Musician Abram Vleseborne. ‘Wagoner Israel Funk. PRIVATES. John Archa, Walter Betts, Smith Allen, Thomas C. Bennette, 128 Solomon Bety, Ashton Briggs, Alfred Britton, James D. Chaffin, William Craybill, Lewis R. Davis, W lliam M, Ely, Peter W. Ecord, John W. Flowers, Philip Garrison, Nation Gooley, Abraham M. Gooseman, William M. Haigler, James Henderson, John Hoskins, David Lindsey, John Lister, Isaac Ludwig, Benjamin Martin, John McCollister, John C. Moffit, Almer Porter, James W. Ramey, Frank Rector, John Rife, Joseph Rife, Joseph Scrawger, Lemuel Skinner, Isaiah Smith, William Taylor, Cornelius Thomas, George R. Tilford, A. J. Timmons, William H. Blosser, James Briggs, Harvey Brooks, Elbert Chittum, Alexander Crooks, John .\. Delong, Aaron H. Ecord, Samuel B. Erskine, James N. Funks, Isaac George, Michael Goss, Mahlon Grass, John W. Helvering, Henry Hooper, David Johnson, James Lindsey, James W. Loyd, Emanuel Mangues, John Martin, Samuel W. McGath, George Poland, David R. Porter John P. Rector, Henry Rector, John H. Rife, Joseph E, Riggan, James Schaffer, Benjamin Skinner, Jonathan Shulty, John Taylor, Sam el H. Tilford, Purnell Timmons, James C. Todd, Stephen Tully, John Tully, Jacob Ulm, John S. Will, John E. Wolfley, John Wolf. COMPANY k. Mustered into service August 16, 1862. Corporal George W. Rowe. Private William Grim. \ NINETY-FIFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. On the nineteenth of August, 1862, this regiment was mustered into the service of the United States at Camp Chase. The following day it proceeded to Lexington, Kentucky, where it was brigaded, and soon transferred to Richmond, Kentucky. The brigade made a forced march to this place and drove off the rebels, after they had sent in a flag of truce, asking the surrender of the town. August 29th the regiment, with its brigade, had an encounter with Kirby Smith’s advance, capturing one gun. They remained all night on the ficld, confident of their ability to defend the approaches to Richmond, and underestimating, in their ignorance, the enemy's strength. ‘The almost impassable barricr afforded by the precipitous approaches to the Kentucky river, had been left fifteen miles in the rear, while they advanced to en- counter an army of veterans double their numerical strength. Kirby Smith was then on his march to the Ohio river, making his famous northern raid, that will long live in story and in the memory of the squirrel hunters who were summoned to the defence of Cincin- nati. Across his way, and barring it, lay an army of ten thousand raw recruits, with only nine pieces of | artillery. Veterans would have fallen back to the river, where it was possible to delay the advance of the enemy until the arrival of reinforcements. But it was not so HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ordered in the book of fate. Blind to the danger, and bold to rashness, our troops not only stood their ground, but advanced to meet certain defeat and almost annihila- tion. As no other regiment of Ohio troops participated in the battles around Richmond, a brief description will be interesting. The rebel army made an attack the next morning, and at nine o’clock made a determined charge, which drove our men from the field. One hundred and twenty men of the Ninety-fifth, and a majority of the line officers, commanded by the lieutenant-colonel, deeming them- selves the only representatives of the State on the field, scorned to fly, and fought desperately, nntil completely surrounded and forced to surrender. The scattered and demoralized forces made another stand, a mile or two in. the rear, but were scattered like chaff, and still farther on a third stand, which resulted, after a stubborn, though brief resistance, in a tumultuous retreat for the river. The loss to the Ninety-fifth was eight men killed, forty- seven wounded, and six hundred captured. The loss of the other regiments engaged was about two hundred and fifty killed, eight hundred wounded, and near two thou- sand captured. The rebel loss in killed and wounded was heavier than ours. November 20, 1862, the regiment was exchanged, re- organized, and sent to Memphis, where it arrived May 25, 1863, six hundred strong. It was attached to a divi- sion and moved to Vicksburg. Here it did effective service until a few days previous to the capture of the city. It also aided in the capture of Jackson, Missis- sippi, and in the operations around the Big Black river. The regiment participated in Sherman’s attempt to storm the works of Vicksburg, on May 22d, where, be- sides sustaining a repulse, many brave men were sacri- ficed. After the fall of Vicksburg, another attack was made on Jackson, where the rebels were whipped, after which our troops went into winter quarters near Mem- phis. During the winter the Ninety-fifth was assigned to the Sixteenth corps, with which it served until the end of the war. Early in June, 1864, an attempt was made to strike the Mobile & Ohio road, in the vicinity of Tupelo. This ended in defeat. The Ninety-fifth went into the affair with nineteen commissioned officers and three hundred muskets, and got back to Memphis with nine officers and about one hundred and fifty men. Early in July, the regiment marched with General smith’s expedition to Memphis, and, after skirmishing along the way, formed near Tupelo. The Confederates made a furious attack, and were handsomely whipped. On returning to Memphis, Forrest made a night attack, and got badly whipped again. Smith’s forces were moved to Nashville, arriving the evening after the battle of Frank- lin. On the morning of December 15th, General Smith’s force, now an army corps, stationed on Thomas’ right, pushed boldly out from their works, and were soon on Hood’s left flank. Here an assaulting column, including the Ninety-fifth, was formed. In a few minutes the first rebel work, mounting three guns, was captured. From a hill farther on, crowned with a redoubt, the rebels ‘HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND poured a galling fire on the victors. Without halting, on went our forces, like wild buffaloes, over the intrench- ments and into the works, capturing more guns and hold- ing the position. The next day Hood’s second line was attacked. The Ninety-fifth, and other regiments, piled knapsacks, and, with orders neither to fire a shot nor to yell, they “went” for the works and carried them by storm, capturing bat- tle-flags, guns and prisoners. The cloud, that for more than two years had rested above the regiment, sailed away, and the boys triumphed in the sunshine of victory, though the feeling was mixed with sadness when their rolls were called, bearing ‘the names of one-half their comrades, whose bones were whitening on many a southern battle- field. After these successes, the regiment performed its part in the pursuit of Hood, and joined General Canby’s forces, at New Orleans, in the reduction of Mobile, where it arrived in March, 1865. From this time until the bursting of the Confederate bubble, the regiment did guard duty. At the close of the war, it was ordered to Camp Chase, and mustered out August 19, 1865. The rolls showed that of one thousand and eighty-five officers and men, composing the regiment, five hundred and twenty-eight officers and men were killed in battle, died of wounds, or were starved to death in southern prison pens by order of the chivalrous (?) Davis, amateur presi- dent, etc. NINETY-FIFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel William L. McMillen, mustered in August 16, 1862. Major Jefferson Brumback, mustered in August 10, 186r. ‘Surgeon Henry Z, Gill, mustered in August 19, 1862. ; Assistant Surgeon Charles T. Wilber, mustered in August 18, 1862. Assistant Surgeon Enoch P. Hoover, mustered in August 19, 1862. Chaplain Clinton W, Sears, mustered in August 20, 1862. Quartermaster Thomas P. Jones, mustered in August 1, 1862. Adjutant Alfred G. Luther, mustered in August 1, 1862. . COMPANY A. Mustered into service August 18, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Joseph M. Stuart. First Lieutenant Isaac B. Patts. Second Lieutenant James W. -Eldridge. First Sergeant Flavius J. Thackam. Sergeant Wakeman Bell. © Sergeant Mortimer P. Spencer. Sergeant John E, Fell. Corporal Thomas Humphrey, Corporal Jeremiah Squires. Corporal Robert Dent. Corporal John G. Beall. _ Corporal Malander Eldridge. Corporal A. W. Stonestreet. Corporal Oscar W. Mingus. Fifer James Mills. ‘ Drummer William Craig. Wagoner James C. Calvert., PRIVATES. PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 129 Smith Darlin, George W. Edwards, Daniel W. Ellis, George A. Fromkhouser, F, Fishinger, Sylvester W. Gale, Samucl A. Hughes, Hiram Hartzell, Theodore Holt. John Jones, I. P. Landis, John R. McKinsey, W.S. McEwen, Alexander McPherson, Charles Mahard, William J. Nicely, Thomas N. Pauik, William F. Peyton, Patrick Phelan, Hiram Raley, Robert Spencer, George W. Schrock, Edward Smith, William A. Smith, Milton Scofield, James B. Taylor, Joseph W. Wilcox, Thomas B. Wagley, Frederick Wendon, Samuel Winegarner, George H. Young, Kevan Evans, David Evans, George Ford, Joseph Fishinger, ‘Joseph W. Godown, Cary Holmes, William D. Heyl, Michael Ham, Ellis Howell, William H. Jones, William H. Lott, , John L. Maxwell, John L. Mock, Roderick McDonald, Corydon Marrell, Charles Atstall, Charles H. Peyton, John C. Potts, Oliver Reed, Williams Reason, Henry Shafer, A. S. Sutton, David Scofield, John H. Simpkins, Abraham R. Titus, Edward Ulrick, John W. Wintesenger, © John Walton, Jonah Whitaker, Elwood Yardley, Samuel E. Wright, R. S. Glenn. COMPANY C. Joseph L. Lamb, James H. Pickeral. COMPANY D. Mustered into service August 19, 1862. Privates: Patrick Flanaghan, COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Wells Allis. Second Lieutenant William H. Elliott. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant David M. Hayden. Sergeant George J. Potts. Sergeant Andrew J. Pierce. Sergeant George R. Elliott. Sergeant Hezekiah Ferrand. Corporal Anthony McGill. Corporal James West. Corporal James Vandegrepp, Corporal James McNalley. Corporal James Burns. Corporal John Fox. Corporal Thomas Hily. Corporal George Huntley. Musician Edward Carter. Musician Harrison Reynolds. ‘Wagoner Samuel Myers. PRIVATES. Joseph J. Adams, Henry Bergman, Henry Barker, Benjamin S. Bouser, Daniel H. Converse, Thomas Corbitt, Jesse W. Caster, J. A. F. Durham, William H. Dorsey, 17 ' Thomas M. Armstrong, - Albert Baker, Nicholas Barnett, William E. Cox, Simeon F. Chester, Eli C. Coon, S. Dulin, William Davis, Eli Damrison, James Atkinson, William Andrews, Michael Butler, Thomas J. Baird, John Craig, Retter Crawford, William Dolboy, James Erwin, Alexander Edgar, Benjamin Elliott, Samuel Ell, William R. Fobey, Jerrett Freeman, Thomas Giddings, Charles Gould, Thomas Graham, -Edmond Herroon, Thomas J. Hemphill, Henry Althen, Aaron Bushshawn, William Badger, George Brotherly. Willis Clover, Lafayette Carter, Lafayette Dolboy, - Albert English, Davis Elliott, John W. Elliott, Daniel Fleming, -Thomas M. Fink, William M. Flack, Isaac Green, Benjamin Grooms, James A. Gilbert, John F. Hicks, Charles W. Higgins, 130 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Madison Halams, Tobias Hickman, James McWilliams, John Marlow, John Murphy, Frank McGuire, David Monser, John F. McGill, Patrick McClenchey, John A. Newpark, Augustus Onaas, John O'Harra, Jackson Poole, William Partle, William Parker, Andrew J. Pancake, John Richards, Peter Samuel, Charles Snider, Patrick Tulley, James Thalburn, Aaron Williams, Eli Bennett, James Holt, Richard Hickman, Jacob Moury, Michael Millen, John McGuire, Eugene Marsh, John Morris, Samuel McCulloch, _ John H. McNeil, Hiram Nepp, Bartholomew Ortman, James O'Harra, Enoch Palmer, Ezra Peter, Jacob L. Porsel, James Reed, Jacob Sharp, Joseph S. Sissons, Henry C, Sly, Robert F. Thrall, Maborn Vansickles, Charles Bennett, William Bushawn, COMPANY E. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Edward L. Taylor. First Lieutenant Aurelius V. Peters. Second Lieutenant Josiah Barber. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant James Enlow. Sergeant Peter Huffman. Sergeant David Whip. Sergeant Henry K. Fuller. Sergeant James G. O’Harra. Corporal John L. Ashbrook. Corporal Samuel C. Starr. Corporal Henry W. Bryan. Corporal John McCoy. Corporal George W. Bethell. Corporal Virgil Brevoort. Corporal James Sherry. Corporal James B. Evans. Musician James Watson. Musician John Robinson. David Agin, Eph K. Alexander, William A. Borland, Oliver Bennett, Ralph Bennett, Lewis Bowin, William Ballinger, John Bastian, Alexander Cassidy, 5 William D, Corbin, Alfred Cannon, Barton Durant, Matthew B. Dickens, John A. Gunderman, Charles Gardner, Ezekiel Gear, John Hill, Joseph Harhbage, Elihu P. Harvey, Samuel Jenkins, Edward Jones, Burton Kramer, Martin Kramer, David D. Leady, Harvey A. McRill, James H. Martin, John B. McCoy, Isaac Morris, Simeon B, Martin, George W, McFarland, David G. Mcllvain, PRIVATES, Lewis Agin, John Brown, James H. Burke, John Bennett, George W. Bowin, Jackson A. Bickett, Sylvester Brucker, Louis Claprood, George W. Corbin, Henry Cocking, John G. Decker, Iedward Davis, John W. Foos, William B. Greenwood, Cyrus Gardner, Henry Gehen, John Homel, John B. Huffman, William Huntley, John H. Jones, James H. C. Kerr, Henry Kalb, Francis Lickleter, Lorenzo Lock, Oliver Merritt, H. D. Martin, William McCoy, Robert Major, William H. McFarland, Philip Mill, Ransom H. Newell, Patrick Rogers, Charles Sebring, George Skiver, Joseph Taylor, Charles N. Tucker, James Vanhorn, Charles Wortstall, Elijah Watkins, Thomas Williamson. William O'Harra, Sebastian Seitz, John H. Sanders, John Thomas, Clinton Fuller, James Wilcox, Jacob S. Winder, John W. Walton, COMPANY F. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Hawley J. Wylie. First Lientenant James G. Bull. Second Lieutenant James Kilbourne. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Irwin Mathews. Sergeant Henry W. Phillips. Sergeant Alanson R. Williams. Sergeant William S. Ridenow. ‘ Sergeant William Bolza. Corporal Alex. F. Anderson. Corporal J. H. Getzendanner. Corporal Uriah H. Harlecher. Corporal Thomas Moon. Corporal Andrew T. Moss. Corporal James Ridenow. Corporal Alonzo Williams. PRIVATES. Arthur Williams, John Boss, Edmond Beatty, Henry W. Butler, Milton E. Baker, Henry B. Cook, Robert W. Culvertson, Russell Connelly, Andrew J. Conaway, John Dill, John B. Dall, Christopher Davis, John D. Dean, John W. England, George F. England, Thomas Fitzpatrick, John Flanegan, Philip Fellers, Lawrence Greenwood, James Hise, Samuel Janaway, Hamlin Landon, John W, Miller, Simon P. Mattox, John McMillen, Joseph Nickles, Bennwell Neff, Luther Noble, William C. Powell, Edwin Parker, Noble Patterson, August Riddle, McKendice Sebring, Peter F. Lisco, William H. Shock, Conrad Schenk, Samuel Shrum, Henry C. Titus, Benjamin Vinson, William Wagner, John Yourd, Sebastian Boat, John Brennic, Henry Boss, Andrew Bevehymer, Jackson Bear, Roswell S. Burgess, William H. Culvertson, Thomas Cochran, William Claypole, Marshall Compton, James Durant, John B. Daniels, Murry Davis, Isaac S. T. England, Joseph England, William Fravel, William P. Fyke, Edmond Flag, George W. Guitner, James F. Gardner, James Holmes, M. J. Kennedy, Joseph W. Larkins, Emery Mathele, William Murphy, John W. Mock, John Nickeson, Lester Noble, John Odall, David Pirrigo, William Post, James Price, William Simpson, Daniel Lisco, Henry F. Lisco, Henry Scoby, Harvey A. Smith, Abraham Thompson, John F. Veihman, Lawrence K. Williams, John Wagner, Wardman Rudolph, Charles Williamson. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Captain James S. Tate. First Lieutenant David M. Tate Second Lieutenant Benjamin E. Robinson. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 131 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Albert Edgar. Sergeant William H. Grubs. Sergeant John G. May. Sergeant Michael A. Ebrite. Sergeant John W. Taylor. Corporal Hezekiah Biggs. Corporal Andrew Morrison. Corporal Clark Graham. Corporal James H. Long. Corporal Sereno Flavel. Corporal Eli P. Holbert. Drummer James Williams. Fifer James Huff. Wagoner Irvin T. Compton. PRIVATES. Samuel S. Alwood, Josiah Alwood, John Andrews, Sylvester Boyle, Allen Barb, Isaac Chrisman, Eli Chrysler, Abraham Clark, John Donevan, William Edwards, Maurice Evans, John Fogel, George B, Graham, James Gallagher, Charles Green, Mahlon T. Harrison, Henry L. Harner, John W. Howland, Lois Kramm, William S. Leach, George W. Leachman, John Logan, Roette M. McCullough, William H. Mason, Michael Malone, George W. Murch, David Morford, Edward Odell, Henry Overdier, Peter Painter, Thomas M, Robinson, Henry Smothers, Abraham Sowers, Levi Wolf, John Ty: Williamson, Philip N. Ault, William T. Boyd, Simeon Butler, David E. Chrysler, George W. Cross, George Chadwick, Franklin M. Edgar, Albert N. Evans, Samuel Teasel, William A. Forrester, James W. Graham, Emerson Gould, Joseph Grovenburg, Daniel Hare, Andrew J. Hawkins, James R. Jones, Jesse Lawrence, John Leachman, Isaac Leachman, Benjamin Lumm, Andrew J. Mead, John W. Mason, John W. Moore, Samuel A. Myers, Joei Needles, Moses Odell, John Painter, Edward S. Robinson, David Rush, George E. Shaffer, William Watkins, General A. Williamson, George Wilson. Nathan H. Baker, Marion B. Barrett, Nelson L. Birney, Robert M. Birney, Adam C. Bridgman, Harrison N. Carver, George Christie, Thomas Cooper, Benjamin Coventree, Nathan R. Cox, John W. Cummings, James M. Davidson, William R. Ford, Truman Cross, Peter H. Dipper, Jesse kL. Eaches, Charles Garon, David Gottshall, George W, Hickman, Henry Hissner, Jacob Hitz, William Hudson, Andrew Kissal, Jacob Koontz, Jacob Lirch, David Lish, Gottleib Locher, William McKee, John Pemberchy, George C. Race, Ransom Reynolds, Philip Richart, Samuel Ruffner, Henry L. Ryder, Urias Schrantz, Levi Snellbaker, Nicholas Sweeter, James A. Walker, John Waltner, Aaron Warstler, James F. Wilson, William S. Weimer, George Young, James C. Guthrie, Thomas M. Hazlett, John H. Hillyer, Smith Hines, Levi Hollingsworth, John Love, John Lytle, John R. McCombs, PRIVATES, James W. Baker, Addison Barrett, Hugh A. Birney, Nelson Bridgman, Robert Caldwell, William Cavin, Robert A. Clark, James T. Cornelius, Samuel T. Cox, James W. Crawford, William J. Cummings, William M. Dick, Joseph C. Fowler, Daniel Derrendinger, Charles Dunning, John Eisineimer, George Gebhart, John Hammon, Adam J. Hissner, Joseph Hicks, Amos Hower, Simon Kaley, Hiram Kile, Daniel Laclair, Thomas Lerch, John H. Lind, Charles L. McLain, George M. Mill, Henry E. Phillps, John Reel, James Riggle, Frederick Roher, John T. McCombs, Samuel Schlotte, Adam Schick, Jacob Snyder, Christian Wagner, Marshall Walker, Christian Warstler, Joseph Weyguandt, Charles F. Witwer, William Yost, Isaiah Fowler, Henry L. Havenfield, Henry Hillyer, William F. Hines, James B. Holloway, Bennington Logan, Hiram Lukens, Henry G. Maxwell, Samuel McCombs. NINETY-EIGHTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY F. Mustered into service August 20, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Anthony W. Butts. First Lieutenant Anderson P. Lacey. Second Lieutenant Fletcher McCullough. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Sergeant Joseph C. Patterson. Sergeant R. Allen McCormick. Sergeant Samuel H. Billingsly. Sergeant John H. Lukens. Sergeant John L. Erwin. Corporal Samuel C. McKinney. Corporal Theodore T. McKinney. Corporal Wesley S. Poulson. Corporal James L. Rogers. Corporal Enoch W. Conoway. Corporal John Q. White. Corporal Edward Kain. Musicians James H. H. Bliss, Samuel F, McCoombs. Wagoner Tinley T. Somonton. ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY D. Mustered into service August 30, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Andrew J. Bahney. First Lieutenant Augustus J. Ricks. Second Lieutenant Shepherd M. Knapp. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Sergeant Henry H. Everhard. Sergeant Peter Morganthaler. Sergeant Martin V. Dunning. Sergeant Isaac 5S. Bahney. Sergeant William Coons. Corporal Fred. Bernard. Corporal Adam Bomberger. Corporal Samuel A. Peters. Corporal Frank Grassman. Corporal James A. Lind. Corporal Beniwell L. Davis. Corporal Jacob Herring. Corporal Charles Higginbotham. Musician Theodore A. Ricks. . 132 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN ANT PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Musician Anthony Tryberger. Wagoner John Bonner. PRIVATES. John Boemer, Jeremiah Bowen, Charles H. Brown, Adam Bowman. John Bear, Henry D. Blocker, Cyrus Bumberger, Giles Burnett, ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY F. Mustered into service September 1g, 1862. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant August Watnemaye. Sergeant Theodore Herrigar. Sergeant Jacob Watermoyer. PRIVATES, Henry Fleck, William Hinder, George Feishmann, George Napp, Free Ringshausen, John Schenket. COMPANY H. Frank Comedar, John Hoffman, August Leitner, Jacob Mohn, Henry Ringshausen, Henry Stark, Mustered into service December 19, 1862. PRIVATES. John Hoffman, Anton Roling. Leop Dritsche, Augustus Lentner, ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. The organization of this regiment was commenced at Camp Chase, in August, 1862. Seven companies were recruited there. The regiment was ordered to Zanesville, and afterwards to Camp Dennison, a company being added at each place. December 27th, it was ordered to Louisville, where danger was expected from the Morgan raid. The order was altogether unexpected, as the or- ganization was incomplete, but in two hours after its re- ception the regiment was on its way, finely equipped. In February, 1863, it was ordered to Nashville, and while there, suffered. severely from sickness. ‘The regiment was assigned to General C. C. Gilbert’s division, and moved to Franklin, where it participated in several expe- ditions against the enemy. The command formed the right wing of the army of the Cumberland, as it entered upon the Tullahoma campaign. After a wearisome and trying march over the mountains, the regiment bore a distinguished part in the sanguinary battle of Chicka- mauga, being brought into action on the afternoon of the second day, at the most critical point and moment. It was a bloody baptism for the regiment, as its loss was one hundred and thirty-eight, officers and men, out of three hundred and eighty. The division formed a part of Gencral Sherman’s force at the battle of Mission Ridge. From here the regiment moved to the relief of Knoxville. This was a march of much suffering. The men marched without sufficient clothing, without blankets or overcoats, and many of them without shoes. After Longstreet was forced to re- tire, the regiment returned to Chattanooga, and thence to McAfee’s Church, eight miles south, where it went into winter quarters. Here it remained until May 7, 1864, when it moved on the Atlanta campaign. ‘The regiment was at Buzzard’s Gap, Resaca, Rome, Dallas and Ncw Hope Church, and on to Kennesaw Mountain. In this battle [Kennesaw] the regiment formed the first line of assault, and lost ten officers and one hundred and fifty- three men. According to the diary of an officer, during one hun- dred and seven days of the Atlanta campaign, the regi- ment was under fire eighty-nine days. It afterward joined Sherman in his “march to the sea,” bearing fully its share of the fights and hardships of this memorable journey. After the surrender of Johnson, it moved to Washington, and participated in the grand review. It was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 6, 1865, and soon after discharged at Columbus, Ohio. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF, Colonel James A. Wilcox. Lieutenant-Colonel John G. Mitchell. Major Darius B. Warner. Surgeon James R. Black. Adjutant Charles C. Coe. Quartermaster Erasmus Scarrett. - Assistant Surgeon Alonzo Harlow. COMPANY B. Mustered into service October 10, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain David Taylor, jr. First Lieutenant Thomas J. Downey. Second Lieutenant John Dickey. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Francis O. Scarth. Sergeant Jonathan Watson. Sergeant John W. Kile. Sergeant Lewis H. Bell. Sergeant Mellin Hays. Corporal Alexander Carpenter. Corporal William Halleday. Corporal Lincoln Stephenson. Corporal Henry S. Binkley. Corporal William S. Durant. Corporal Adam M. Rary. Corporal Edward B. Whitehead. Corporal Alfred Parker. Musician William Dellinger. Benjamin Anderson, William Burchin, William H. Brown, James T. Beard, Oliver W. Crow, Isaac Collins, John Chapin, Henry Capell, George W. Crane, William Cassiday, Alva J. Darnell, John .\. Deval, David Evans, John Frie, David 1. Green, Richard B. Harrison, Elisha Himrod, Samuel Hoover, Henry H. Kramer, Samuel Looker, Henry H. 1.eef, Wesley Moore, Lyman W. Mars, Iénoch A. Needels, John Patterson, Henry Robbins, George Rie, PRIVATES, Josiah W. Lever, Sylvester Bailey, John Burns, Benjamin Burd, Samuel E. Crane, Basil Conway, Joscphus Conant, Wilham C. Craner, Austin D. Capell, Charles Debora, James W. Dunlap, Peter Ealy, Edward Fristoe, Israel Gaymon, John C. Green, Albert A. Hodge, Charles R. Herrick, William Jester, Amos Leady, William Lambert, Joseph Miller, Nathaniel N. Mason, Cyrus Miller, Wilton Osburn, Ilias Remaly, Peter Keves, John Rager, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 133 Lucius Richie, Rollin Rea, John A. Sennet, Christopher Sowers, Nathan H. Smith, George Rush, Enos W. Robb, William Stewart, John J. Smith, Frederick Stires, Levi Agler, Henry Blade, Michael Delliplane, John Denwne, PRIVATES. ° George W. Allison, Robert Ballinger, Thomas Dispenet, Thomas Davis, John Scannan, Isaac Slocumb, Samuel B. Street, John M. Whitehead, George T. Wheeler, John W. Williamson, Arthur Wharton, Charles Yost, John A. Zelhart, Judson Swisher, Abraham Schantz, «Andrew Vanhonten, Peter H, Whitehead, Jacob Williamson, John Warner, David Yost, William Yost, Russell Stewart. COMPANY C., Mustered into service October 24, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain William C. Peck. First Lieutenant Samuel A. Hughes. Second Lieutenant Joshua M. Wells. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant John S. Skeels. Sergeant James M. Anderson. Sergeant John L. Flowers. Sergeant William A. M. Davis. Sergeant James R. Topping. Corporal Wilbur C. Booth. Corporal Theodore G. Gantz. Corporal William P. Souder. Sylvester Frye, Thompson I, Osburne, Amos Rich, John Sealby, Benjamin Shaffer, James Hourigan, John E. Rice, John Rench, Timothy M. Steadman, Jonas Williams. COMPANY H. Mustered into service December 12, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Captain L. Starling Sullivant. First Lieutenant George Sinclair. Second Lieutenant George W. Holmes. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant William Grove. Sergeant Cyrus G. Platt. Sergeant Elisha Stutler. Sergeant Thomas Vansise. Sergeant William H. Brunk. Corporal Joseph Bell. Corporal Lewis Andrews. Corporal Henry DeWitt. Corporal William Romasier. Corporal John W. Carter. Corporal Leonard E. Kitzelman. Corporal John A. Glenn. Corporal Albert Field. Corporal John W, Brink. Corporal Nelson Foos. William Anderson, Giibert W. Brink, Edward W. Bishop, James F. Baker, Titus Chamberlin, William E. Fearing, William H. H. Goldsmith, George Harter, Isaac N. Hobill, James Hiser, J. W. Kaaran, Samuel Lippert, William H. Langstaff, Van B. Little, Hiram V. Malcott, William ‘Melon, George Muzzy, Jonas Orders, Joshua Priest, Morris Pursell, George A. Pingree, Robert Peoples, Adam M. Ranneberger, Stephen Smith, William S. Smith, Samuel Spillman, George Sunderland, Fernando Swiger, Levi Tucker, Daniel Weygandt, John Williams, John W. White, Charles Wright, ohn A. Weygandt, PRIVATES. John W. Baker, John Boyer, Elias J. Beers, William E. Bacon, Minor Crippin, David J. Green, Thomas Goldsmith, Hiram Harter, William Hickman, Benton Hiser, Francis Kibby, George B. Lemerson, George Lemon, John E. Lafler, Augustus Maiko, Charles Morgan, David Neal, George W. O'Neal, John H. Price, John G. Perkins, Isaac Peck, Joseph Ridgway, John Royal, Robert S. Smith, Lemuel Spillman, Isaac N. Strohm, William Simmons, James Smiley, Barnett Toliver, John L. B. Wiswell, Hiram Wilcox, George Weber, Moralas Wilcox, John C. Waitley. Corporal James Ellis. George Ashton, Jerome Brunk, Jonathan Carrier, Francis M. Cloud, Freeman Dulin, Henry Fike, William S. Grace, Morris Hafey, Joseph Hayne, William H. Holmes, James Hunter, Ilarrison Keller, Henry Leeshite, Jonathan Looker, James McManus, Hugh H. Mitchell, Joseph Morrison, Enoch E. Mulford, Jesse Mussulman, Eugene H. Palin, John A. Price, John W. Rockey, Godfrey Snyder, Manuel Stultz, Cyrus H. Turner, John Wetherby, George Wilson, PRIVATES. Noah S. Button, Frank Buntes, Calvin D. Chellis, Robert Cranner, Frederick Duvall, Henry B. Flanner, Bazil Green, Thomas Hatfield, Daniel Hiler, David Hudson, Charles H. Jenkins, Augustus Leeshite, Robert E. Lenal, Andrew J. McClelan, Daniel McOwen, Jonathan Moats, Michael Mooney, David Mull, Michael O’Connel, Thomas Perry, George W. Pritchard, William Sensel, Charlas Sprague, Benjamin Townsend, Joseph Twigg. Cicero Williamson, Girard Wing, James Blakely. COMPANY I. Mustered into service December 1, 1862. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal Jefferson Wales. PRIVATES. Rudolph Ankeny, Peter Bye, Thomas Spillman. COMPANY F. Mustered into service October ro, 1862. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal Charles A. Cofforth. Corporal Thomas Parr. Elias O. Brake, John Doran, David Gittins, George W. Jonhson, Andrew Kromer, Lois Mangus, Anthony Dreher, Samuel Gester, Caleb Gray, Jacob Kelsing, James Leers, Patrick Omelia. Rudolph Webber. 134 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. COMPANY K. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Abraham L, Shepherd. PRIVATES, Lewis 8. Davis, Webster S. Gearhart, Martin Mooney, Sylvester Foy, George W. Hupp, Herman Silbaugh. ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, This regiment was recruited in August, 1862, and ren- | dezvoused at Camp Circleville, where it was mustered into the United States service September 11, 1862. September roth the regiment was ordered to Marietta, where it remained until December ist. It was then ordered to Memphis. Arriving there, it was assigned to Sherman’s army, then about to operate in the rear of Vicksburg. December 26th it participated in the assault on Chickasaw bayou, and was actively engaged during the whole of this battle, losing several men killed and wounded. January 1, 1863, the army retreated. It was placed on boats and moved up the river. On the tenth it anchored near Arkansas Post, and on the morning of the next day attacked this stronghold, which surrendered at two o’clock in the afternoon. The National troops, after disposing of the material and prisoners captured, re- embarked and sailed to Young’s Point, Louisiana, where it arrived January 23, 1863. Here the regiment suffered severely from sickness, losing over one hundred men in six weeks’ time. On April 5, 1863, the National army, under General Grant, moved against Vicksburg. The One Hundred and Fourteenth was in the whole of this great campaign, and participated in the battles of Thompson’s Hill, Champion Hills, Big Black Bridge, and the siege of Vicksburg, in each of which it suffered loss. In the charge at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, Colonel Cradlebaugh was severely wounded in the mouth, from the effect of which he was obliged to resign. From this time forward the regiment was, for much of the time, moving, and with- out serious engagements until the close of the war, although it was engaged at Graham’s plantation, near Alexandria, Louisiana, at Marksville and Yellow bayou, and suffered at times severely from the effect of the sti- fling heat, dust, and the scarcity of water. In July the regiment was ordered from ‘Texas to Co- lumbus, Ohio, paid, and mustered out. ‘The regiment marched during its term of service over ten thousand miles, doing duty in ten different States. It was engaged | in eight hard-fought battles and many skirmishes, and lost in killed and wounded six officers and eighty men. | The loss by disease was great the first yvar, about two hundred men having died, and quite a number dis-_ charged for disability. ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUN- TEER INFANTRY, Mustered into service at Camp Circleville, Ohio, September 10, 1862. FIELD AND STAFF, Lieutenant-Colonel Horatio B. Maynard. Major JohnH. Kelley. Adjutant Joseph C. Toole. Quartermaster Van M. Ogle. Surgeon Otis FE. French, Assistant Surgeon William L. Peck. \ssistant Surgeon Hezekiah Leonardson. Chaplain Thomas Hill. Sergeant Major Will H. Shulze. Quartermaster Sergeant Joseph W. Buckley. Commissary Sergeant Noah Gephant. Hospital Steward Thomas I. Eaton. COMPANY A. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John Lynch, First Lieutenant Charles E. Wright. Second Lieutenant Thomas I. Stephens. NON-COMMISSIONED OPFICERS, First Sergeant Charles E. Shulze. Sergeant Mark B. Radcliff. Sergeant Henry Allison. Sergeant Ed. L, Buckwalter. » Sergeant Richard H. L. Walker. Corporal Dennis P. Burkes. Corporal Joseph R. Sykes. Corporal Jacob Dustmind. Corporal Henry Galbraith. Corporal W. K. McFeeters. Corporal W. W. Pronatt. Corporal John E. Taylor. Corporal Martin L. Roof. Musician Joseph H. Millett. Musician Albert Solliday. Wagoner Henry Lestman. PRIVATES. William Allen, Michael Beachtel, David Rock, Nelson Browsher, Smith J. Cain, James R. Crawford, Jeremiah Dallas, James Davis, James E. Doddrae, Franklin Eggleston, John C. Entrikin, William Fortner, William French, Henry H. Tretwell, Caleb Glick, James A. Graham, Madison Hammel, Lyman H. Hoffman, James Justus, Henry B. Kinsman, S..S. Linggo, Gideon Miles, James P. Moffit, James Mundell, Walter M. Mundell, Jdward MeRinley, Martin V. Neff, Harvey Polang, Cyrus Purcell, George Reed, Charles Rosenfelt, Samuel Scott, Frank M, Sheelze, Edward Smith, Henry Shait, samuel A. Swineheart, -\mos Tatman, George H. Tyler, John White, James Whitesides, Samuel Wagenhells, Samuel Baty, Samuel Blizzard, David Bock, Alexander Brunner, William Coonrad, George Crouse, Erastus F. Dallas, andrew J. Doddrae, Enrigs 5. Doll, Aaron D. Einsel, John Ebert, Samuel Francis, George French, Franklin C. Gearhart, James R. Gordon, William Hamilton, William Harker, John T. James, Stephen E. Justus, Benjamin I. Kirkendall, James M. Marshall, Benjamin Moffitt, Elias Moore, Walter Mundell, Jason L. McCafferty, John C, McMasters, Perry Owengs, William H. Pontious, -Mexander Ramsey, Simon Remismith, Ebon M. Schryver, Camden B. Shipley, Benjamin F. Shuff, James Snyder. Philip Stewart, William H. Sweyer, Eli Todd, Edward Vanmeter, M. H. White, Franklin Wisha, Daniel Ring. COMPANY B, COMMISSIONED) OFFICERS. Captain Emanuel Gephart. First Lieutenant John N. Bruner. Sesond Lieutenant James ‘Tl. Marfield. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant John Pickering, jr. Sergeant Samuel N. Reed. Sergeant Lewis M. Earnest. Sergeant John Boysel. Sergeant Samuel W. Forrest. Corporal Samuel T. Sullivan. Corporal Joseph L. Schneider. Corporal Charles E. Wolfley. Corporal Jonathan B. May. Corporal John W. Bates. Corporal John N. Sapp. Corporal Stephen C, Horsey. Corporal Thomas H. Strayer. Musician Dan‘el T. Morgan. Musician Noah Reichelderfer. Wagoner G, Mitchell. George’Anderson, John Avis, George Barkley, Lewis Boysel, Van S. Cookson, Cornelius S. Davis, Leonard -Dewault, Samuel Devmon, George B. Eggleston, John G. Fisher, George W. Gossin, Henry Gump, Levi Harremon, Nathan Harrell, George Hartman, John G. Heinlein, John Hood, John C. Irwin, William Kelly, Frederick Larrick, Henry H. May, Jacob McKnight, Jacob Metzger, Landon H. Montgomery, Joseph A. Nealy, William Orr, William Payne, James Ramsey, Abraham Randall, Joseph A. Reider, Jackson D. Right, Oliver P. Roup, David B. Saint, John Schully, Jeremiah Shappell, Amos Spangler, Joseph T. Wardel, Jacob Werts, Benjamin Wheeler, PRIVATES. Harvey Asbury, John S. Bailey, Jerome Bond, George H. Churchhouse, Ephraim Crider, Smith Dawson, Richard W. Doughty, Robert Eggleston, John Eicher, ~ Harvey Goodman, Charles G. Graell, John L. Harremon, William Hamilton, John Harrell, Alba Heckman, Simon Heise, Samuel F. Ingram, James H. Jones, Wesley Larrick, George Loffland, Benjamin McAfee, James McLain, James H. Miles, Joseph Myers, Henry Neville, George Parker, Edward Pinnix, Jesse Ramsey, Joseph G. Reed, James Reichederfer, George Roof, John Row, jr., George J. Schryver, Lewis Simms, * Andrew Spade, Henry C. Stanley, ‘Christian Wefler, - Benjamin West, Nicholson Williams, George Welmore, Nelson Wolfley, John G. Yager. COMPANY E, COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Isaac M. Abraham. First Lieutenant Samuel Rowlen. Second Lieutenant Martin V. B. Lindsey. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant James C. Dunlap. Sergeant Willis E. Ferguson. Sergeant Joseph M. Porter. Sergeant Alexander S. Thompson. Corporal Edward W. Summons. Corporal Edward D. Throne. Corporal Daniel Dennis. Corporal Thomas Smith. Corporal John H. Moore. _ Corporal Joseph Britton. AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 135 Corporal David Phillips. Corporal James Murphy. Corporal Anderson G. Hulfeild. PRIVATES, Casper Colston, James .\. Crawford, William T. Dougherty, Creighton Davis, Milton T. Dick. William M. Evans, Samuel W. Flinn, Marcus Funk, Jacob Gooley, Felix R. Halfield, Albert Hause, John W. Hearn, William Hill, John H. Holt, Manlove Jester, John Kelley, Jerome B. Lawrence, Thomas Lindsey, John W. Longberry, Joseph P. McVeigh, Jonas Mitchell, Thomas Murphy, David W. Parker, James Riley, George W. Seburn, Jerome Shockley, Ward Strope, James W. Simmons, Francis M. Vincent, Samuel Waisen, Daniel Williams, Samuel Coover, Owen Dailey, William B. Davis, David Davis, John W. Evans, Frederick Fetcer, James W. Fulton, Henry Glaze, Francis J. Graham, John Hardesty, Thomas A. Henderson, William Hess, William H. Hoskins, Joseph Imler, ‘Thomas Jester, Moses Kounch, Frederick Leech, Jacob Longberry, James F. Matson, Samuel Mitchell, Elijah Mitchell, Andrew J. Nickle, James H. Richard, George W. Sanderson, John Shanehan, David Smith, Charles H. Thomas, . Harness R. Vincent, William Voss, Jacob Watson, Andrew H. Wilkins, Adolph Winkler. COMPANY F. Privates: Patrick Cummins, Andrew Quiren. COMPANY K. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Captain George W. Hurst. First Lieutenant Isaac C. Butterfield. Second Lieutenant Joseph Bury. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Reuben Rose. Sergeant Samuel Brundridge. Corporal James W. Hinton. Corporal John N. Hunsicker. Corporal George B. Hairmount. Corporal Paul Ine. Musician Samuel W. Manley. Musician Jacob H. Baughman. PRIVATES. Robert N. Brundridge, Charles Clinch, Charles Cade, William C. Downing, Alexander Evans, Ezra T. Ellis, Jackson Hozland, Richard Hinton. Henry H. Hunsicker, John W. L. Hamilton, Albert Knode, Manly S. Leily, Samuel McCullum, Clem Morice, Ed. M. Marshal, Newton Peters, Joseph T. Parott, Michael A. Sweetman, Joseph Shank, George Towers, John H. Bowser, Enos Coon, John E. Downing, James H. Davis, Henry Eastwood, John D. Grubbs, Richard Howard, Cyrus Hunsicker, Charles B. Hellwagon, Joseph Knode, Francis Lathhouse, George Leist, Gus. L. McCallister, Thomas Morecraft, Thomas Parker, Thomas Plumer, Andrew Seymour, Abner Shank, Adam M. Thornton, Ephraim Whistler. 136 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY B. Mustered into service September 14, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain William C. Hays. First Lieutenant John C. Morgan. Second Lieutenant George L. Hays. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Lewis Farris. Corporal James B. Crow, jr. Corporal Elijah Hixon. Corporal John C, Clark. PRIVATES. James M. Acord, Henry Beck, James Cox, Abner Cash, Robert Clark, William Caldwell, John D. Davis, Mier Evans, Francis M. Gilmore, Amasiah Honk, Albert Hughes, Henry Luzader, Samuel A. Maxwell, William McDonald, Harrison Pontious, Thomas J. Pierr, William H. Stiffler, George W. Stewart, Richard L. Tomlinson, Jonathan Vanskoy, John M. Burks, John H. Basker, David Cox, William J. Cox, Norman Clark, James M. Caldwell, Robert Darling, William Gallaugher, John Hays, John Hanks, Thompson Jones, James M. Maxwell, Elijah Mickel, William F. McNeal, James Pontious, John S. Peters, James K. Stiffler, Andrew J. Swyers, James R. Tomlinson, John Vanskoy, Martin L., Henry, George G. Huston, William Kenton, George W. Lickliter, Anthony W. Miller, Hiram McCrary, Henry H. Mowers, Mathias Mowen, David Norick, Andrew Parr, John Peterson, Ovid M. Ray, Levi Rider, Mathias Stonffer, Henry Shafer, Elias Shenabarger, William W. Stewart, John R. Simmons, Lewis O. Stull, Andrew Stichler, William P, Williams, George H. Willson, Thomas B. Zediker, Jeremiah Huston, Charles E. Jackson, George C. Likes, Jacob M. Lutz, Frederick Moffitt, Solomon 8S. Morrison, John H. Mowers, Calvin McKee, Joseph B. Pritchard, George A. Pealer, Russellas Peterson, William R. Rittenhouse, George Shambaugh, ‘Jacob Stonffer, Shannon Shenabarger, Martin L. Sharp, John Stewart, William Stull, William Swann, John Wolfe, David Williams, Erastus Wilson, John Beubaker, : George W. Stoner. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY—HOFFMAN’S BATTALION. McFarland Vest, John Woods, rst, John Woods, 2d, Robert Woodruff, George W. Woods, George Woods, Charles Woods, John Willson. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTIETH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUN- TEER INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Mustered into service October 15, 1862. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant James M. First. Sergeant Martin V. B. Coulter. Sergeant Harvey Applegate. Sergeant David Andrews. Sergeant Calvin Hazlett. Corporal Peter A. Swigart. Corporal Thomas J. Hooper. Corporal Samuel W. Miller, Corporal Mathias Harter. Corporal Miner H. Dean. Corporal Peter Vanscoyce. Corporal Peter Thompson. Musician Lewis O. Hull. Musician James W. Dunham. Wagoner Nicholas 8, Henry. PRIVATES, Columbus Arehart, John W. Baughman, COMPANY A. Mustered into service January 14, 1862. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Foster M. Follett. First Licutenant Alfred G. Tuther. Second Lieutenant Henry C. Benson. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal Alanson Hamilton. PRIVATES. Charles F. Colwell, John H. Falmer, William W. Geary, Martion Houseman, Daniel Palsgrove, Samuel Shipley, Edmond C. Stevenson. William Bentz, Solon Desellem, Cicero Giles, Isaac H. Garrett, Jacob Moater, Samuel L. Swischer, COMPANY C. Mustered into service June 6, 1862. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. First Sergeant Lewis D. Booth. PRIVATES. Samuel H. Carson, David Forman, Samuel Lorish, John G. Clark, William B. Grubb, John B. Phillips, William A, Saltgaver. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF, First Lieutenant and Quartermaster George W. Johnson. COMPANY E, George F. Baughman, Martin Bretz, David Barr, Henry H. Cutler, Malangthon Culler, Aaron Duncan, Henry Davis, George Fleming, James Force, Tillman J. Featherlf, Jacob Goon, Lewis L. Hooper, Daniel Harter, Samuel Hunt, Henry D. Hossinger, Harrison Behler, John O. Byers, David Bru Baker, John J. Culler, William W. Chew, Joseph M. Dent, Leonidus Day, Charles Ferguson, Joseph B. Fried, Calvin Gorrell, Richard A. Hill, Jacob Harter, John Hughes David Hay, James H. Hulct, Mustered into service August 10, 1863. COMMISSIONED OFFICER, Second Lieutenant George W. Barnett. Oliver Bancroft, Patrick Calahan, Andrew High, Edward Minor, Harvey Purcell, Robert 5S. Smith, Hugh Stewart, John H. Thomas, George White, PRIVATES. Willard Boss, Joseph P. Graham, Henry Johnson, Thomas Norris, Charles Roleson, Charles H. Smith, James O. Thomas, Michael Traner, Joseph Ferguson. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Mustered into service August 18, 1864, for one year. Samuel R. Cratty, Isaac Doty, John Ludwick, Noah N. Stewart, PRIVATES, Asher E. Campbell, John Fields, Davis McCreary, Thomas Wall. COMPANY H. Mustered into service September 6, 1864. Joseph Beatey, Charles Emrich, Albert R. Hardy, James Robinson, George W. Williamson, PRIVATES, Gill Dill, Joseph Gibbard, John Moffit, Robert Turner, Ira Wilcox, Samuel Weiser. COMPANY 1. Mustered into service September 3, 1864. John Armstrong, PRIVATES, Paul Daniels, Justin C. Davis. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Samuel Bechtel, Jesse Clark, Lewis A. Cole, George H. Carey, Jacob C. Clingman, Gustavus S. Grate, David Kinnewell, James Loyd, Americus Logan, Benjamin Moffatt, Albert Moore, Henry Phillippi, William L. Rummell, Henry Smith, David Spoon, John S. Southworth, Benjamin L. Underwood, Elias Wentling, COMPANY G. PRIVATES. William Bakery, David Case, Henry Crown, Nathaniel G. Case, Charles Grannis, Miles Kelton, Michael Kelly, John W. Long, Isaac McFarland, John Marshall, John W. Platt, George H. Reubens, Wesley I. Rummell, James G. Sterling, Daniel Spoon, Jacob Tester, John A. Werner,’ John D. Wickizen, PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 137 Corporal Horace B. Thompson. Corporal Ringgold Binkley. Corporal Lewis Inergens. Corporal Jacob F. Merhman. Corporal John Fullweler. Corporal David Baker. Corporal Lewis Gireman. Musician Jacob Bowers. Musician Henry M. Brown. PRIVATES. Anthony Adam, Joseph Angle, William Akinson, Henry Branelt, Charles Bohlander, Michael Blisch, James Bailey, George C. Blake, Joseph Church, Adam Dana, Jacob Drieszichacker, Charles Dartmunt, Lorenso Elseiser, Jacob Folz, William Friedchen, Frank X. Heill, Theren Henry, George Hunter, Henry Reiser, Frank Lauderbaugh, William Lauer, Augustus Miller, Albert Miller, Joseph Morningstar, George Neighlor, Hermon Pock, John Reitze, Thomas Ryan, Charles Stutz, Henry Schneider, David E. Tussing, Michael Weest, Frank Wagner, Mart Wagner, Joseph Wedmair, John Aivny, Marion Armentrant, Peter Bare, Rees H. Baner, Ephraim Bennett, George Bumbarger, John A. Booth, Barak Chase, William C. Donovan, Joseph W, Dudgeon, Joseph Dixon, George Engle, Gordon Foreman, Thomas Fletcher, Ransors Fulter, Carl Hummell, Matthew Hudson, Thomas Jones, Philip Kirn, Freiderick Lindner, John M. Magley, John Miller, N. McCaw, Rudolph Newcom, John Nonemaker, Charles Pohle, John Reisdorf, Conrad Spohr, William P. Shorn, Henry Steinmets, Joseph Thum, | William H. Williams, Levi Weiser, Benjamin Wise, Alfred D. Wise, Adam Wilhelm. George Woods. COMPANY H. Mustered into service October 8, 1864. Corporal Thomas D. Van Pelt. COMPANY I. PRIVATES. Thomas Cohey, James M. Ganel, John W. Higgans, Henry I. Millhizer, Aaron Nicle, William B. Plummer, Conrad Salzman, George M. Fauman, Cornelius Gilespie, Henry Miller, Ebenezer Myers, John D. Owens, William Patterson, William Tipton, Samuel Wooden. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO VOL- UNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Mustered into service in July, August and September. 1864, for one year, . COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Reuben Oehler. First Lieutenant Henry Fisher. Second Lieutenant Peter Aller. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Mariner M. Murphy. Sergeant Charles Patterson. Sergeant Zepaniah P. Thompson. Corporal William C. Huddleson. 18 COMPANY E. Mustered into service September 14, 1864. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain W. W. Williams. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Christian Nick. Sergeant Stephen A. Corbins. Sergeant Hurd Corney. Sergeant Joseph B. Armstrong. Sergeant Eli G. Keller. Corporal George J. Cook. Corporal George Hemelich. Corporal Michael Doran. Corporal Bailey Gates. Corporal John Bell. Corporal William H. Love. Corporal James Littleton. Corporal James A. Wilson. Musician Waldo H. Asbury. PRIVATES. Nicholas Albert, Hiram Anderson, Martin Bonner, George W. Brown, James A. Bettley, Richard Copeland, George L. Chapman, John J. Davis, William Dessum, William P. Adams, William C. Armstrong, John J. Adams, Joseph G. Bell, Henry Bannon, Aaron Calvert, Samuel Conner, William Dawson, Edward H. Dunbar, 138 John B. Evans, James W. Grooms, John Gilkinson,’ Charles Greiner, Howard Smith, Henry H. Hill, Chris. Huttenlocker, Cyrus D. Ferres, Casper Glisner, Daniel Gormley, John Green, John Hittemeyer, Peter Hone, David Hainesh, William H. Harnish, Charley Hoffman, Charles Judson, Lewis Johnson, James Keller, Frederick Keller, Thomas A. Kuters, John C. Lee, James McCune, Daniel Maloy, Joseph M. Musser, William Peeples, George H. Ritter, John Ruff, John W. Smith, Jasper Smith, Robert Stiles, Isaiah Sloop, Thomas Smith, John R. Tobin, George Wagner, Abraham Wagner, Cyrus Thomas, Joseph Hutchinson, Peter Immel, James Johnson, James Jones, Adam Kirshner, James Kasson, George M. Leeper, Levi F, Miller, David March, William Manel, Thomas H. Neiswerner, James O. Palem, David A. Ridenous, Francis M. St. Clair, .\dam Swinehart, John C. Smith, Andrew Smith, Henry W. Shepherd, David S. Thompson, Thomas ‘Taylor, Samuel Waters, Anthony P. Walker, John Carnes, Robert G. Ward. COMPANY G. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal William Saint. Corporal John S. Wampler. PRIVATES. John Collins, Samuel Cattereil, M. M. O’Harra, John J. Stikel, Robert Wilson. John T. Weaver. COMPANY H. PRIVATES, William Avery, Eugene H. Chambers, James W. Mather, John H. Prescott, William Tanner, John Arnold, Columbus Eby, Lorenzo J. Dienore, John Hare, Theodore F. Havens, Charles Koriner, John Stewart, Nathan Ward, Edward J. Johnson, Joseph Luasadder, Henry Weaver, William H. Wally, Hamilton Wally. COMPANY I. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal Jacob Savier, PRIVATES, Robert W. Hanner, William P. Johnson, James G. Henry, John W. Savier, Eli Titrick. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY 2B. Mustered into service August and September, 1864, for one year. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John B. Slade. First Lieutenant Charles A. Poland. Second Lieutenant William P. Shorm. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Thomas Hedges. Sergeant Thomas A. Fritter. Sergeant Marsden H. Sammis. Sergeant John V. Morrison. Sergeant John B. Fope. Corporal Samuel Williams. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Corporal Thomas W. Griffith. Corporal Thomas Jones. Corporal George P. Wilson. Corporal Robert V. Rummel. . Corporal Jacob Bowers. Corporal Ervin Foltz. Corporal John Hardline. PRIVATES. James O. Adams, George W. Adams, John W. Bishop, John W. Bowers, Rufus W. Baley, - Algernon T, Byram, James H. Brown, Dennis Connell, William Cutmore, John T. Cunningham, John B. Casey, Robert Davis, John Delangen, William H. ledwards, James Flynn, John Graham, Robert Huggett, Charles E. Harrison, Ebenezer Haskins, Leonard Houston, William Johnson, Solomon 8. Schman, Stephen A. Lester, James Monroe, Garrett Matthews, Jackson Miller, William McCoffrey, William W. Ramsey, John E. Riley, John H. Smith, Francis M. Stanfield, Timothy Sullivant, Wilson Simonds, Jeremiah Velentine, George H. Vermillion, William Waxmer, Edward Wilson, Mitchell S. Allen, John Beitle, Isaac H. Bishop, John H. Bolen, David Barkman, John Brown, William Cheeseman, George Croft, Robert Collins, Harry Cramsey, Charles B, Dunn, Peter Dunlap, John Evans, George R. Ellis, Ira Green, David Hackett, Henry Harwood, John D. Hangs, William Harpet, Thomas Jerman, Edward Kelly, William N. Leach, Eugene McCarty, John McKinley, George Mayhew, Stephen J. Miller, Charles E. Pangbrun, John Ryan, Charles Steinmeits, Thaddeus A. Schaefler, George Spencer, John Smith, William H. Tallman, George H. Vernon, Amos A. Wood, John Will; Robert G. Ward, John Baughman. COMPANY C. PRIVATES. Daniel Crumley, Columbus Eby, Oscar E. Johnson, George irk, William H. Schock, George Wilson, Lorenzo J. Drummond, Robert Herman, John Kaiser, Harvey B. Moore, Thomas Spencer, James O'Hail, Wesley H. Wilkins. COMPANY E, PRIVATES, William lwood, William R. Airs, Peter Bolyn, John Cunningham, Thomas Davis, Archibald Flanegan, Ili Francis, William H. Gardner, Winfield S. Harding, Daniel Hienbarger, James W. Hill, John Keller, George W. King, James E.. Lindzsey, Francis M. Little, Andrew Miller, David Rodenbarger, Jacob Showd, George W. Alwood, Gersham Brodbelt, William H. Barrick, Peter Carr, Lewis Davenport, Marion Furni, Abraham Fast, Alonzo E. Gummere, Mathias Huber, John Hoffer, William H. Harding, William King, George O. Kunkle, George W. Sandford, Lafayette Mason, Samuel Phister, Oswald Raber, William 8. Sherman, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 139 John A. Snyser, John Salts, George Stover, Sackria Search, Eniel G. Stinehilber, Stephen Shlup, . George W. Todd, John Q. Worley, Washington C. Butler, Solomon Carrell, David Evans, Zadock J. Moor, John Newell, William Price, John G. Smith, William P. Wilson, John Jones, Corporal Peter Kipfer. Thomas Benton, Anson Berkshire, David M. Coleman, Thomas Foster, Joseph Heston, Patrick McGwire, Jacob Price, Alexander Smothers, Hugh Salts, John B. Shower, Josiah Smoots, Rollin Shower, John Shlup, John W. Trigg, George H. Washington, John E. Wells, Christopher Yohngs. COMPANY F. PRIVATES, John Babb, David Y. Coaltrap, William T. Jacobs, Jeremiah Miller, George W. Overs, Lewis F. Quigley, George W. White, Newton Wells, Henry Ensick, John Rumensnyder. COMPANY F., Private William Hennings. COMPANY H. PRIVATES. Englehard Biehl, George Brown, John Cunningham, James M. Gondle, Nicholas McComick, Joseph Pickard, Abram Richardson, COMPANY F, PRIVATES. Benj. Aller, Benj. Tuttle. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTIETH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY E, Mustered into service October 1, 1864, for one year. PRIVATES. William Zenby. COMPANY G. PRIVATES, Robert S. Schriever, Jerome Allwin, Samuel P. Brery, Martimer L. Cotton, Thomas B. Cammel, Patrick Fagan, Rawson W, Horeman, Charles M. Harding, William Kimmore, John Leonard, John L.anson, William McConnell, Michael Melson, John W. Millegan, George Myers, Thomas Norris, John Price, Aaron Sherwood, Andrew Shuler, Samuel N. Taylor, James M. Abbot, George M. Carter, William Calahan, David Ellis, Alexander N. Gaw, George Hey, George W. Jordon, William J. Lewis, Emanuel Landis, Dennis Lanes, Alfred Mattes, Ezra W. McCauly, Dallas G. Morrison, Charles Myers, . Marshall O'Neal, Ethelbert Proctor, Jacob Stevens, Edward Thomas, John Williams, Munson Whittacre. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Lampson A. Tolbert, Oliver P. Trumbull. COMPANY kK. PRIVATES, Benjamin Curtis, David Johnson, Jacob Miller, Alonzo Perry. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-NINTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Mustered into service July, August and September, 1864. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Captain Moses B. Tice. Second Lieutenant Hudson B. Shotwell. PRIVATES. Michael Costine, Jacob Cromer, Henry Hunt, Charles Hunt, Charles Herbst, James S. Labourne, Alvin Pry, Emer N. Corsey, Luther M. Hobbs, Mason Hinson, Daniel Hanram, Domin? Lermert, George Perry, Thomas Seymour. COMPANY C. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. First Lieutenant Ebenezer Jones. PRIVATES. James Butcher, George W. Boggs, David N. Edwards, Joseph Gales, Francis Jenkins, John J. King, Patrick O' Reiley, John Warren, George Butcher, Thomas E. Davis, William W. Evans, John M. Jones, Andrew Jenkins, a John H. Morgan, William G. Powell, Wilson T. Woodruff, James A. Yeager. COMPANY D. PRIVATES. / Westley McKinney, Aaron Russell. COMPANY E., Private James McLaughlin. Captain Philip Bauer. Fifer James M. Huff. Lemon Abbott, Jobn Brain, William Butler, Charles M. Bonnin, Philip Brown, Charles Bryson, Lewis Blumaline, Gilbert Cocksell. ‘Wesler Dewitt, David Funk, Andrew Green, John Heinmiller, George A. Hoffinchter, George Hopkins, Paul Kappas, William Kile, Andrew D. Kramer, Conrad H. Long, James McClary, Jacob Milhiser, Michael O'Donnell, Peter Pfeifer, Mathies Pfeifer, Casper Richter, Joseph Randal, John Rader, Albert Smith, Albert Savigno, Simon VanHorn, Henry Wilkening, Martin Williams, Martin Wattemyers, Frederick Wagner, Thompson Mills, PRIVATES. Orange Barnhart, Martin Burkle, James Burk, John Brierly, John Bergwith, John Barnes, Frederick Breneson, John Dasson, James Elliott, Garrison Fisher, Henry F. Green, John Hartman, Jacob Holson, Thomas Jones, William Huffman, Francis J. Kilroy, George Long, Joseph McKinsey, Henry Morgraft, Daniel Olstot, Gabriel Owens, James Porter, Henry Porter, Miner “A. Rarey, George Reese, Hiram Shafer, John Shesk, Henry Troutman, Henry Wolfort, James Williams, Charles Wilson, Andrew Worler, Ephraim B. Worreck, ‘ Cumberland Oldham, Iemil Daring. COMPANY I. PRIVATES. Theodore Borland, William Chamberlain, Franklin Brown, Abraham Benton, * 140 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND William Davis, William Elzy, George W. Glaso, Charles F. Keller, John J. Lunceford, Charles Male, William H. Morris, John W. Smith, Francis M. Wallington, Thomas Dolly, Benjamin Grooms, Isaac Keck, John Leamons, James N. Manpin, Amos Morris, John W. Messick, Hamilton Wien, William H. O'Harra. PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. COMPANY F. Sergeant Matthew Caughlin. PRIVATES. D. Lyon, M. Reagan, J. J. Rogers. COMPANY G, Privates: Lewis 5. Jones, William Tipton. COMPANY K. Corporal Rudolph Conghenhour. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SECOND REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY C, Mustered into service October 7, 1864, for one year. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant Joseph L. Deputz. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal Isaac Clark. Corporal John W. Cross. Corporal Benjamin S. Lukens. Musician Bascom C, Irwin. * PRIVATES, John Daniels, James A. Furguson, Joseph Johnson, Isaac Paterson, Charles Rapp, Leonard Swiger, Oscar R. Topel, Franklin Q. Weeks. John Daniels, jr., ‘Joseph Daniels, Joseph Hodges, Charles W. Lewis, William F. Pickering, James B. Smith, Samuel A. Selanders, Robert Wilson, COMPANY D. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant H. B. O’Harra. PRIVATES. William B. Curl, Thomas Heuston, Lucious B. Sulcer, Thomas J. Wright, PRIVATES. John W. Feazier, Thomas Olivers William Summers, Adam Vanepool. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOURTH REGIMENT OHIO VOL- UNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY D. Mustered into service February 19, 1865. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain I. Douglass Moler. 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THE TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES OF PICKAWAY COUNTY. CIRCLEVILLE. ORIGIN OF NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF ANCIENT MOUNDS. The name given to this township (after having first been given to the city which it contains, and which con- stitutes the county seat of Pickaway county,) is designed to perpetuate the memory of one of the most remarkable relics of a pre-historic age, found by the first European explorers of the Ohio valley. The name Circleville, to- gether with a drawing and description, first published in the Archaelogia Americana, in 1820, and reproduced in several historical works since that time, is now one of the few existing memorials of that interesting relic. Being thus associated with the name of the place, it is fitting that a somewhat minute description of it should be given at the very outset of our history of Circleville. In the centre of the territory now embraced within the corporate limits of the city, once stood an extensive earth-structure, the work of the Mound Builders. It is . gerierally supposed to have been a military fortification, although its design can be only a matter of conjecture. It consisted of two parts; the larger and more important one being in the form of an exact circle, sixty-nine rods in diameter; the other an exact square, fifty-five rods on each side, and tangent to the circle, at the middle point of its western side. It is the circular “fort” (so-called) ‘which occupies the central portion of the city—the centre of the circle being at the point where Court and Main ° streets now cross each other; and the square extending out toward the city limits, beyond Washington street, in an easterly direction from this point. The circular inclosure was surrounded by two walls ‘and a deep ditch between them. [Some of the oldest inhabitants insist that there was not, within their recol- lection, any appearance of a regular wall, or embankment inside of the ditch ; but we follow the printed accounts. | It is, of course, impossible to guess how high the walls were originally; since, when first discovered, they had for unknown ages, been gradually worn down by the ac- tion of the elements and other causes. But, when first Ineasured, they were somewhat more than twenty fect high, on an average, measuring from the bottom of the ditch, which was about twenty feet in width. On the side not adjacent to the ditch, the walls were, at this time, about six feet in height. They were evidently made nearly perpendicular at first, and were constructed, for the most part, of clay, which was found near by, or thrown out of the ditch, and was of an excellent quality. Some think it was originally made into bricks and dried in the sun. However that may be, it was largely used in making the bricks of which many of the buildings, now occupying the same ground were construeted. In the centre of the circular work stood.a mound of considerable size, with a large semi-circular pavement extending half way around it, on the eastern side; look- ing toward the only opening in the circular walls. This opening was at the point of contact with the square “fort,” into which it formed an entrance. ‘The single wall (which was without any ditch) inclosing the square was, at the time of its discovery, about ten feet in height. It had eight openings; one at each corner, and one at the middle point of each side—that in the western side being the one which led into the circle: Before each of these openings, at a distance of about two rods, on the inside of the square, was a mound, circular at the base, and about five feet in height, except the one before the entrance into the circle, which was considerably larger and higher. ‘The others were about forty feet in diame- ter, at the base, and about twenty at the summit. The writer in the Archaclogia takes it for granted that these small mounds ‘were intended for the defence of the openings.” But this does not seem to us by any means certain. At any rate, the one before the entrance into the circle could not have been so intended, since it is not conceivable that the occupants would have attempted to defend the square “fort” after thé circular one had been captured and filled by an enemy. We notice that in the representation of the two forts contained in the Circleville Uon-Herald for August 2, 1878, and evidently copied from that in the A7chao- (175) 176 Jogia just mentioned, the small mound at the opening between the two forts, is placed within the circle. Whether or not this change of position was made be- cause the author of the very valuable historical notice in the paper referred to perceived that that was the only position in which the said mound could be of any use as a defence of the opening we do not know; but certain it is that, in the copy of the original drawing, made by Howe, in his ‘Historical Collections of Ohio,” this mound is inside of the square. Since we have intimated a doubt as to the correctness of the prevalent notion that these enclosures were purely for military purposes, we shall, perhaps, be pardoned for presenting, at some length, our reasons for believing that they were designed mainly for religious or festive occasions. Mr. Isaac Smucker (who is certainly a very respectable authority in matters pertaining to’American archeology), in his treatise on the “ Pre-historic Races and Pre-terri- torial History of Ohio,” which constitutes the introduc- tion to the “Annual Report of the Secretary of State” on the statistics of Ohio, for the year 1877, makes the following observations as to the inclosures of the Mound Builders: ‘Inclosures are of several kinds; one class being known as military or defensive works; another as parallel embankments, or covered ways; and the third as sacred inclosures. Under the general title of inclo- sures are also walls of circumvallation, or ramparts, constructed for military or defensive works, while others were doubtless walls surround- ing the residence of the reigning monarch; perchance others were erected for the performance within them of their national games and amusements, and perhaps many, also, served a purpose in the perform- ance of their religious rites and ceremonies, and facilitated indulgence in some superstitious practices." Farther on he says : “Defensive inclosures are of irregular form, are always on high ground, and in naturally strong position, frequently on the summits of hills and steep cliffs, and are often strengthened by exterior ditches.” Then he proceeds, quoting the American Cyclopzedia : ‘'The walls generally wind around the borders of the elevations they occupy, and when the nature of the ground renders some points more accessible than others, the height of the wall and the depth of the ditch at these weak points are proportionally increased. The gateways are narrow and few in number, and well guarded by em- bankments of earth placed a few yards inside of the cpenings or gate- ways, and parallel with them, and projecting somewhat beyond them at each end, thus fully covering the cntrances, which, in some cases, are still further protected by projecting walls on either side of them, These works are somewhat numerous, and indicate a clear appreciation of the elements, at least, of fortification, and unmistakably point out the pur- pose for which they were constituted.” If this description of defensive inclosures is to he relied upon, it is obvious that the works under consider- ation must have belonged to some other class. Instead of being of “irregular form,” they are so strikingly regu- lar as to make it a matter of wonder how a people as rude and uncultivated as the Mound Builders are gener- ally supposed to have been, could possibly have laid them out. ‘They are not on “high ground,” and there are, in the immediate neighborhood, many stronger positions than that in which they are located. In fact, no modern general would think of constructing an earthwork in such a position, unless he had no choice of situations, or unless the immediate presence or threatened approach of an enemy compelled him to fortify that very place. The HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY: COUNTIES, OHIO. gateways, instead of being ‘‘few in number,” are so numerous as to amount to an absolute absurdity in forti- fication; and the so-called defences of these gateways, or openings, are not “embankments,” “projecting some- what beyond them at each end,” but small, circular mounds, apparently of no greater diameter than the width of the openings. But let us see now what the authority above-quoted says about inclosures which were not designed for mili- tary purposes: “Sacred enciosures,” says Mr. Smucker, ‘‘are mainly distinguished from those of a military character, by the regularity of their form, and by their more frequent occurrence. ‘They are of all shapes and forms, and when moats or ditches exist, they are invariably found inside of the embankments. Sacred inclosures are generally in the form of geometri- cal figures, of surprising accuracy, such as circles, squares, hexagons octagons, ellipses, parallelograms, and of various others. They are sometimes found within military inclosures, and evidently had some connection with the religious ideas and ceremonies of their builders. Frequently there is situated in the center of this class of works a mound or elevation, supposed to have served the purposes of an altar upon which sacrifices were offered, or which was, at least in some way, used in conducting their religious services. Within those sacred inclosures were dou btless celebrated religious festivals, and upon those centra “high places,” or altars, were undoubtedly performed, by priestly hands, the rites and ceremonies demanded by their sacrificial, their idolatrous religion. * * * Some archaeologists, however, maintain that many works called sacred inclosures were erected for, and used as, places of amusement, where our predecessors of pre-historic times prac- ticed their national games, and celebrated their great national events; where they held their national festivals, and indulged in their national jubilees, as well as performed the ceremonials of their religion. And it may be that those (and there are many such) within which no central elevation or altar occurs, were erected for the purposes last named, and not exclusively, if at all, for purposes connected with their religion, and are, therefore, erroneously called sacred inclosures. Other ancient peoples, if, indeed, not all the nations of antiquity, had their national games, amusements, festivals and jubilees, and why not the Mound Builders, too? Notably in this regard, the ancient Greeks may be named, with whom, during the period known as the ‘Lyric Age of Greece,’ the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games became national festivals. .\nd without doubt the Mound Builders, too, had their national games, amusements, festivals and jubilees, and congregated within their enclosures to practice, celebrate and enjoy them.” Another quotation, a little further on, must suffice: “The amount of labor hestowed upon those of their works that were erected in the interest of their religion, shows a strong tendency towards superstitious belief. ‘They doubtless offered up animals in sacrifice, as a part of their religious ceremonies, and it may be that human sacrifices were not unknown among them. Prisoners of war are thus disposed of sometimes by people and nations who have attained to as high a grade of civilization as that reached by the Mound Builders. The sacrificial character of their religion is clearly established. The late Dr. Foster he itated net to say that the Mound Builders were worshipers of the elements; that they worrhiped the sun, moon and stars, and that they offered up human victims as an acceptable sacrifice to the gods they worshiped! THe deduced this fact from the charred or calcined bones which cover their altars. Other high authorities also unhesitatingly assert that there is convincing proof that they were fire-worshipers.” So exactly does this account tally with the drawings and descriptions which have come down to us of the an- cient works at Circleville, that we were actually surprised to find in it no allusion to those works as remarkable specimens of inclosures obviously designed for religious and festive purposes. Here was the surprising symmetry of form characteristic of such inclosures. Around the square was the one walk, with no moat or ditch on the outside, and perforated by its numerous entrances. Here was the circle, with its deep moat inside of the ° HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OH1O. principal wall—even if there was, in reality, more than | 177 and that the circle was devoted mainly, if not entir¢ly, to one—for, as we have stated, the recollection of some of | the performance of religious rites. the oldest inhabitants, who often passed over the ground before the embankments were removed, is, upon this point, at variance with the printed accounts. And, above all, here, exactly in the center of the circle, stood the “high place,” with its semi-circular pavement, composed of gravel and smooth stones taken from the adjacent streams—a mound utterly without significance in a mili- tary point of view, but entirely intelligible if regarded as an altar for offering up sacrifices, or for the performance of other religious or festive rites. That it was an altar, and that it had been used for offering up human sacri- _ fices, is rendered extremely probable from the fact that, I t t i | at different depths below the surface, charred skeletons were found lying upon wood ashes and charcoal, mingled with various articles, such as arrow heads, burnt bricks, plates of mica, etc. It would seem, from the positions in which these relics were found, and from the various depths at which they lay, that, after each burning, the fire, the charred remains of the victim, and whatever else was left unconsumed, were covered with earth; and that the mound had gradually been formed by this process, beginning, perhaps, from the original surface of the ground. How high it may have been when last used by the people who constructed it, we have, of course, no means of knowing. When, however, it was first seen | ‘-by Europeans, it was about ten feet high, four rods or | more in diameter at the base, and about two rods at the summit. If it be asked whether the theory of the religious and festive character of these works implies that the builders had absolutely no thought of defence in their construc- tion, we reply that this inference is by no means neces- sary, since the inclosures may have been for the pur- poses named; while, at the same time, the embankments about both the square and the circle, and the ditch about the latter, may all have been intended, in part at least, to guard those engaged in celebrating their worship or their games from the intrusion of those of their own people who were not entitled to participate in them, and also from the attacks of their enemies. It must be ad- mitted that the thought most likely to be suggested to the mind of one viewing such works for the first time, is that they were designed as military fortifications. But if ‘inclosures were to be made for other purposes at all, it is surely most likely that such a people as the Mound Builders were, would construct them of earth. In the celebration of their religious rites, a plenty of deep water might be necessary for the practice of those ablutions and immersions which, in all ages of the world, have oc- ‘cupied so prominent a place in the religions of various nations. If so, the ditch dug on the inside of the inclo- sure would furnish both the necessary water and the ma- terial for the.needed embankment. 5 For the reasons set forth above, we seriously incline to the opinion that the square inclosure was designed for the celebration of games and other secular festivals; that ‘the sniall mounds before the openings had some sort of connection with the games celebrated in the inclosure; mS | | i ' | I This will be an appropriate place in which to mention a remarkable mound that stood but a short distance out- side of the circle, about forty rods in a southwesterly direction from the sacrificial mound already described. We follow the description made by Mr. Atwater in his Western Antiquities, published in 1833. This mound was more than sixty feet in height, and stood on the summit of a large hill, to which it was joined so skillfully that the whole appeared to be arti- ficial. It must have been the common cemetery in which the dead of the neighboring people, for several generations, were buried, since it contained ‘“‘an immense number of human skeletons, of all ages and sizes.” The skeletons were laid horizontally, with their heads gener- ally toward the centre and their feet toward the outside of the mound. A considerable part of this work was still standing when Mr. Atwater wrote, uninjured, except by time. In it were found, besides the skeletons, stone axes and knives “and several ornaments with holes through them, by means of which, with a cord passing thtough these perforations, they could be worn by their owners.” On the south side of this mound, and only a short distance from it, was a semi-circular ditch or trench, some six feet or more in depth, but nearly filled up to a level with the surrounding surface. On being opened, there were discovered in it large quantities of human bones, evidently of warriors who had fallen in some de- structive battle. This conclusion seems necessary from the fact that the bones were those of persons who -had attained their full size ; whereas, in the mound adjoining young and old had been buried indiscriminately ; and also from the fact that the bodies had been thrown into the trench without order, and as if in great haste. ‘The student of archzeology will never be able to con- template the obliteration of all these interesting relics without a feeling of regret, not unmixed with indigna- tion. When land was so abundant and so cheap, why should not the county of Pickaway, among its first acts as a corporation, have purchased the ground covered. by these relics, and set it apart for all time as the imperish- able monument of a perished race? Overgrown, as it was, with beautiful forest trees, it might, without erasing one mark of its original character, have been changed into a park, more unique and attractive than any public grounds now to be found in the State of Ohio. Here, in the square.inclosure, our young men might have met in friendly contest to practice their athletic sports, on the very spot devoted, countless ages before, to a similar purpose. And although it might not have been thought seemly to perform any of the solemn acts exclusively appropriate to our holy religion, within the circular in- closure once set apart to the performance of heathen rites; yet a grateful people might properly have met there to celebrate their national anniversaries, amid scenes and associations which could not have failed to heighten their gratitude to God for the countless blessings which, -in these latter days and in this wonderful land, He has vouchsafed to them. 178 But since the founders of the county had not the far- sighted liberality to do this, the next best thing they could have dorie was the very thing they did, viz. to locate their county seat on the site of these ancient works—placing their court house in the centre of the circle—making the lines of the two principal streets of the city cross each other at this point, as those of Penn- sylvania and Maryland avenues do, at the capitol in Washington, dividing the four quadrants thus formed by two other streets crossing each other at right angles in the same way, but extending no further than the limits of the circle—and finally laying out two circular streets around the court house, within the same limits, but leav- ing’ all the rest of the town to be laid out in regular squares, like most other western cities. This, if the earth-works themselves were to be obliter- ated, was certainly a graceful and altogether appropriate way of perpetuating a visible memorial of them. But, strange to say, although this plan was adopted and carried out, and the circle built up in accordance with it, after the city had attained its twenty-seventh year and a popu- lation of over two thousand souls, the citizens were per- suaded to undo the work, to obliterate the circle con- structed by the first builders of the city, as the latter had obliterated the circle constructed by the Mound Builders. The history of the “squaring of the circle” (that feat hitherto regarded as impossible in geometery), with the method of its accomplishment and the reasons for it, if any can be found, will be related further on. But we have deemed it proper to relate this much at the outset, by way of explaining why the name Circleyille was given to this beautiful and historic (not to say pre-historic) city. FIRST EVENTS. The first brick house erected in the city of Circleville, was that now occupied by Harsha’s marble works, then a one-story building. Mr. James Greno worked on it as a mason. The first grocery in town was kept by Joe Strouse, near where Mader’s bake shop was later. The first sermon by a Methodist minister (and prob- ably the first by a minister of any denomination), preached after the town was located, was by the Rev. William Swayze. ‘The precise date is not given, but it must have been soon after the location of the town, which was in the autumn of 1810, Louisa (Leiby) Myers, born June, 1811, is believed to have been the first child born in Circleville. Her father, John Leiby, a native of Pennsylvania, who moved to this place from Chillicothe, established here the first dry goods store, soon after the town was laid out. Jacob Try, brother of George ‘Try, killed a deer within the circular earthwork, some two or three years before the town of Circleville was located. We are not certain that this was the first deer killed there ; but the occurrence reminds us to say that dears are now seen in the same locality every day, and nobody thinks of killing them. ‘The first hotel in Circleville was kept by John Lud- wig, now living in the southeast part of the township. It HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. was kept in a log house, which was the first built within the circle, in the fall of 1810. The first public step toward building the first public school-house in the town of Circleville, was a resolution passed at a meeting called for that purpose in March, 1827. ‘I'he school-house was built but a short time after, near what was known as the Academy. The first newspaper published here was the Olive Branch, the first number of which appeared on the gth of August, 1817. Of this paper the present Unton- fferald is the lineal successor. The first church edifice built in this town was a Pres- byterian meeting-house of brick, whose corner-stone was laid by the Rev. Mr. Burton, September 2, 1826. : The first entries of land made in what is now Circle- ville township, were as follows: Jacob Zieger, sr., entered sections 19 and 20, and fractional section 5, May 7, 1801. And, on the same date, section 29 was entered by Samuel Hill. The only other entry made as early as 1801, was that of section 32, made by Robert F. Slaughter, June 9th, of that year. The first Sunday school in this town was organized as a union school in 1825, by John P. Davenport. CIRCLEYILLE DESIGNATED AND LAID OUT AS THE COUNTY SEAT.* As already stated, Pickaway was erected into a separate county, by act of the legislature, on the twelfth of Janu- ary, 1810. On the 19th of the next month the same body passed a resolution appointing David Bradford, George Jackson and John Pollock as commissioners “to fix on the most eligible spot for the seat of justice in the county of Pickaway.” “This duty was considered a very important one, and the gentlemen above mentioned were men of character and reputation in the State. They came into the county in the spring and made a thorough examin- ation of all the places which had been mentioned, visiting Bloomfield and some points west of the river. The old Indian fortifications (so- called), with the mound and circle and square, were then intact. The embankment or walls of the forts stood up many feet above the ground, and were, as were the interior, covered with large trees and heavy un- dergrowth. These fortifications were selected for the county seat in preference to all other places which had been pointed out. The gentle- men, in deciding, no doubt ‘thought they were doing that which would serve to preserve the ancient monuments from demolition and ruin, and that, with a town located here, thay would surround them with an in- terest which would protect and care for them. As to the wisdom of their predictions, the total obliteration of every trace of the old forts gives sad witness, The commissioners reported their decision to the court, which, on July 25th, appointed Daniel Dreisbach as director, with bonds in the sum of ten thousand dollars. His duties were to purchase the ground for the sight of the new town, lay it out in town lots, and dispose of the same.+ “The lands upon which the fortifications stood belonged to the heirs of Jacob Zeiger, Jacob Zeiger, jr., and Samuel Watt, the circular fort being the property of the former. He at that time resided in a log cabin which stood about where the cartal now is, and just opposite the site of Ruggles’ slaughter house, there being one of the best springs in the country at the foot of the rise upon which his cabin stood. Heat this time had partly completed a new residence a little east of his cabin. This new residence is still standing, and is known as the Williamson house, on the corner of Scioto and North High streets., His wife, who * For all of the documents, for nearly all of the facts, and largely for the phrase- ology of this article, we are indebted to the Circleville Unon-He ald of August z, 1878. + Mr. Dreisbach held the office of director until his death, in 1850. One or two others were subsequently appointed by the court, but, there being no fnrther need of such an officer, the office has now become vbsolete. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. also signed the deed, became Mrs. Shoemaker, having, after the death of Mr. Zeiger, married Judge Shoemaker, one of the justices who first held court in the county. (At the time this was written she was ninety- five years old and in possession of all her faculties. When the editor of the Unxton-Herald called upon her a few days before, he found her reading a book. Unfortunately the last few years had dimmed her recollection of those early days, and she was able to give comparatively lijtle information. She died in January, 1879.) Dreisbach purchased, as the records show, three tracts and one or two fractions of acres. The first tract contained one hundred and three- fourths acres, fifty of which Zeiger donated, the other fifty being bought at eight dollars per acre. For the three-fourths acre the price was twenty dollars per acre, with a further consideration, in payment for the improvements, consisting of the cabin, etc., to be decided upon by referees. The second tract, purchased of Valentine Keffer, contained seventy-one acres, seven.y-eight poles, and was bought for two hun- dred and eighty-six dollars. The third tract contained twenty-nine acres and was bought for one hundred and sixteen dollars. Thegyhole two hundred acres cost but between eight and nine hundred dollars, many times less than single lots have since sold for. Dreisbach proceeded at once to survey and lay out the town accord- ing to the directions, and by the day appointed for the sale had all complete. We have been able to find no one who could give definite information in regard to the first sale, but we judge from what we have learned that it was a memorable event and celebrated with a grand barbecue, with whole ox roasts, etc. We have been told that a large number of persons from the west side of the river joined in the manu- facture of an immense cheese for the occasion, weighing several hundred pounds, and drawn to the barbecue on a large sled. There seems to have been quite a spirited competition for the honor of building the first house in the new town. No sales were made before the second ‘Monday of September, and of course no one had a right to occupy any of the ground before that time. Among others determined to build the first house was John Ludwig, who then lived on what is now known as the Rudy farm. He had his lumber all prepared before the sale day, the logs hewn and fitted ready for framing, and all loaded on wagons and ready to start into town, as soon as his purchase should be an- nounced. Laborers were ready and stone for the foundation was in waiting with David Leist, as mason, prepared to lay them. What the result of so much preparation was, or whether he got his house up first we have not learned, but it is certain that the sun had not gone down on the day of the sale when several habitations had been reared, in a temporary and hasty manner, of course. On the first sale day Dreisbach disposed of twenty-nine lots, and on the next day eleven. The houses were rapidly pushed to completion, and by winter about forty families had taken up their residence in the new town. Dreisbach’s first report to the county commissioner, in which he gives an account of his stew- ships, reads as follows : ‘Daniel Dreisbach, director, made report of his proceedings, which was sanctioned by the court and ordered to be recorded verbatim, viz.: and that the plat returned of town be recorded in the recorder's office. Proceeds of sales of lots in the town of Circleville, public and private sales, from the tenth to the twelveth of September, 1810 : To 29 lots sold, first day's sale........... 00.0.0. e eee ee $2,276 50 Il - SECON dy ae sales iyd 4 das batnnbidees 30 nase 611 00 iy “i Privatesales: .c.ewy seeens gather eee ee a 762 50 Sale of timber on streets and alleys..............0.0 00005 44 50 "Wotal amounts... 29.5 sais ag gst ih vaside ds sear nals $3,694 50 Valuation of Jacob ‘Tegar’s improvement, appraised by Charles Bodkin and Aquilla Justice, duly sworn and both parties chosen : The house appraised to mci Minteac asians: walters teal e ye madden $275 00 Six and three-fourths acres of cleared land at $6 per acre... 40 00 Well of water and other improvements.................... I5 00 $330 00 Which sum is to be paid to the said Jacob, on or before the first day of May next, 1811, or he, the said Jacob, will take,the house back at the valuation, and purchase the lot on which the house is erected. D. DRIESBACH. CONTRA CREDIT. BY cash received from the tenth of September to the twelveth of November, 1810, inclusive...............0.- By cash received as forfeit money of two lots $907 61 Ixpenditures from the commencement until the twelveth day of No- \ember, 1810; 179 To cash paid for one hundred and three-fourths acres of land. -..$414 00 Cash paid David Kinnear, surveyor balls tilde ¢ wae oe SaaS as 50 00 Cash paid out for cleaning alleys and streets, and other neces- SALTY CXPENSES nautica wide game aadhyan REM arenduinis 159 44 $623 44 Balance remaining in my hands....... BE ig aaunehelivensad sid ve! Saige $284 17 I do hereby certify the foregoing statement to be accurately and justly stated with all the proceedings from the tenth.of September to this twelfth of November, 1810. d DANIEL DREISBACH, Director. | P. S.] William H. Puthuff’s bill for recording and other services is not *ncluded in the above statement of expenditures, but will be pre- sented next court. . D. D., PD. This day came Daniel Dreisbach, director, etc., and produced here into court a statement of the sales of lots in the town of Circleville. Which said statement is in the words and figures following : . Sales of lots in the town of Circleville, Pickaway county, from the twelfth of November, 1819, up to August 5, 1811, to 44 lots at private sales, amounting toO............ ccc ee eeee $1,864 o4 To sales of timber from the twelfth of November, 1810, up to August 5, 1811, amounting to 9 50 $1,873 51 Total amount of the sales of lots from the commencement up to August 5, 1811, 57 lots sold, first report amounting to. .$3,650 00 44 lots sold, second report, amounting to (zo1 lots sold).... 1,864 o1 Sales of timber, total amount.........0. 0000.0 cece eee eee 54 00 LOtal, BIMOUNTghs20 saa oiienait eats clairols wa elevate eye huealels legs $5,508 o+ CONTRA CREDIT. By cash and county papers received from the twelfth of No- vember, 1810, up to the fifth of August, 1811, amounting to the) SUIMOlys os sadai ae ous ss aus c cudese ee Mee 4 aves $ 604 22 CASH EXPENDED, November 26, 1810, to cash paid David Kinnear, in addition to the former bill of surveying of the town, and three days’ clerkship at the Sales) sss. 2 svaue ox soa en ahhe bts ea $ 800 To cash paid Charles Bodkin, one day's work cleaning off SUTCGUS Sia eyentie cogadh gi ah sere ante ae ea eed eee was “75 _ $ 875 Balance of county orders and cash remaining........ eer euy $ 685 47 I do hereby certify the above to be a true and accurate statement of the sales of lots in the town of Circleville, Pickaway county, and moneys received from the twelfth of November, 1810, up to .\ugust 5, 1811. DANIEL DREISBACH, Director. CIRCLEVILLE, August 5, 1811. y The commissioners’ first duty, after the town had been laid out and the lots had been sold, was to prepare a place for the meeting of the court, and to providea jail. For the first purpose, Zeiger’s new resi- dence, still unfinished, the upper floor not being partitioned off, offered suitable accommodation, and a contract was entered into with him, by which the building was used asa court house. The jail was provided for ina contract, which was made some five months before the one above mentioned, with Andrew Broner, who, for the sum of fifty-five dollars, was to erect a building twenty-two by sixteen feet, of good, sound lumber, and have it ready for occupancy in four weeks from Apiil 14, 1810. : SQUARING THE CIRCLE. Although the site for the capital town of Pickaway county was chosen on account of the ancient circular inclosure found trere, and the central portion of the town was laid out in circular form to coincide with that pre-historic structure, and to perpetuate the memory of it to future times, yet not many years elapsed, after the town began to be built up, before dissatisfaction with this unique arrangement showed itself in certain quarters. Various objections were made. Some thought that the original design was a piece of childish sentimentalism ; others that the shape of the lots was awkward and incon- venient ; and others still that the open circular space about the court house became a nuisance in being used by people from the country as a hitching and feeding place for their teams; thus attracting to the same cen- ter the hogs and other domestic animals which were allowed “the freedom of the city,” and making the’ Pickaway seat of justice a rather poor gem in a worse setting. But with however much of sincerity these objections may have been urged, and however important they may have seemed to those who urged them; it is not at all probable that any change in the town plat would ever have been made, if it had not occurred to somebody that by laying out the circular portion in a square form, several acres of waste ground—-in the center of the cir- cle, in the four angles where ‘the square portion joined upon the circle, and in some of the avenues and alleys— would become available for building lots, and yield a fair profit over and above what the county would charge for it. It was doubtless a fair business transaction, and not to be censured (however much it may be regretted), except upon esthetic grounds. An act of the legislature, authorizing the change of plat, had first to be obtained ; and then it could not be made without the consent of all the property owners within the space affected by it. Many of the lots were purchased out and out by the parties making the change, and then resold after it was made. Of the lots unsold, some were increased in size, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. of all the owners of any part (meaning, doubtless, any fourth part), of the circle should be obtained. ‘This act, as did the former, provides for the reservation of ground for the erection of a court house. Soon after this, viz; on the twenty-third of March, 1838, on application of Andrew Huston, Edson B. Olds ; and Thomas Huston, the southeast quarter of the circu- lar portion of the town was vacated by order of the court of common pleas, and Daniel Dreisbach, director of the ' town, was directed to convey to the said parties all the and others diminished by the change; and the owners of | the former made, and those of the latter received, suit- ‘able compensation. The buildings fronting the streets or avenues which were to be vacated (and which, of course, made acute angles with the main streets), were either removed, torn down, or changed in position, so as to face the new streets. One only, of any prominence, remains in its original position, as a memento of old times. This is the fine brick residence of the late Dr. Hawkes—-still owned by his widow. It originally fronted on ‘ Bastile avenue,” which seems to have been the aristocratic street of the old town, and which ran at an angle of forty-five degrees with West Main street. When the now Frank- lin street was laid out parallel to Main, it passed the front of the building at the same angle. ‘his gives to one of the finest residences in Circleville a very singu- lar, but by no means unpleasing, appearance ; and it is pointed out to strangers, with much apparent satisfaction, by the present generation, as a proof that the name of their town was not a/ways a misnomer. ‘Two “enabling acts” were passed by the legislature to authorize an alteration of the town plat of the town of Circleville. ‘The first act was passed by the legislature March 29, 1837. Nothing, however, was done toward the squaring of the circle, during the year named. We conclude it was found difficult to obtain the consent of all the property owners, in all the entire circle, to the proposed change ; for, in the nest year, March 1, 1838, the legislature was induced to pass a supplementary act, authorizing the friends of the measure to proceed as soon as the consent interest of Pickaway county in said part of Circleville, for the consideration of seven hundred and fifty dollars. The next day they filed their plat in the recorder’s office; and, on the thirtieth of the same month, the director conveyed to them, by deed, the interest of the county, as directed. On the fifteenth of the following September, similar steps were taken by the same parties, for squaring the northwest quarter of the circle, receiving their deed from the county October 4th, for the same consideration as above. The process of building the town in the new form must have gone on slowly; for after the steps taken (as de- scribed above) for squaring the southeast and northwest quarters, eleven years elapsed before anything was done toward squaring the remainder of the circle. The parties at length undertaking it were John Cradlebaugh, E. B. Olds, Francis Kinnear, and others, known as “The Cir- cleville Squaring company.” After they had made a sat- isfactory arrangement with the property holders in the northeast quarter, they obtained a deed from the county for its interest in the same, August 17, 1849, for seventy- five dollars, and then proceeded to lay it out in lots of rectangular form. Why the consideration was so much less than that paid for each of the other two quarters, is not stated ; but the commissioners doubtless decided that that was all the purchasers could afford to pay. The squaring of the southwest quarter was undertaken by W. W. Bierce alone. He secured an order from the court for that purpose, and filed his plat in the recorder’s office, September 1, 1854, but did not obtain his deed until March 6, 1856. No mention is made of any con- sideration allowed for it, and doubtless the price was merely nominal, since it was from this quarter that ground was reserved for the new court house. It will thus be seen that it took eighteen years to square the circle, even on paper; and how long it was after the date of last deed, till the final change was made in the position of the buildings and in the form of the lots, we are not informed. ‘The account of taking down the old court house, and the building of the new, will be found elsewhere, The grading of the streets and of building-lots has gradually effaced every trace of the two ancient inclosures, with a slight and solitary exception in regard to each. A short distance in the rear of the court house is a deep hollow, which is undoubtedly a remnant of the circular ditch, and at the southeast corner of Franklin and Pick- away streets (as mentioned below) is a picce of the square embankment, perhaps three or four rods in length. With RESIDENCE OF GEORGE W. GREGG, CIRCLEVILLE, OHIO. these two exceptions, every relic of those eetebrated | works 18 lost. The line of the two inclosures, as marked by existing objects, is thus described in the Uxion-Herald of August 2, 1878, from which we have already quoted: “The center of the circlé was the center of the square at the intersec- tion of Court and Main streets. The circle and square were joined, or rather the gateway, as the opening between them was called, was in the street a little west of the point where the alley crosses Main Street at the Central Presbyterian church. Starting at this point, the ditch, which was the circumference of the circle, ran under a part of the church, under the rear of Mr, Scovil's house, curving around to Mc- Claren’s livery stable and Bauder's carriage shop, crossing the street be- tween Bauder’s and the Foresman corner and Pinckney street diagonally to T. K. Brunner’s, through the rear of the Jones lot, on West Main street, through Jesse Ward's and the Tibbs barber shop, through the Steele-Jones block, and the Martin property, and diagonally to Jerome Wolfley’s, north of the court house, crossing to Mrs. Nightengale’s res- idence, through the Brobeck carriage shops, and diagonally across Franklin street, to the rear of Ruggles’ lot, and through it to the beginning. This circuit was the line of the ditch described above, and which was full of water to a depth ranging from three to ten feet. The banks were very steep, and only at a few places was the ditch fordable. The em- bankment was overgrown with immense trees, and so thickly covered with vines and bushes that it was almost impenetrable. Here and there the cattle had made trails down to the water and at these places horse- men were in tho habit of crossing, the path winding down sidewise. Within the circle the growth of timber and bushes was quite dense. We now go to the square, the limits of which we can not so clearly define, but sufficiently so to give a fair idea. The face next to the circle was on the line of the alley next to the Central church, extending south to Franklin street (lower side), and north to Watt street. The south line ran along parallel with the south side of Franklin street, extending to a point afew rods east of Washington street. The only remains of the old embankment now visible is the elevated ground near which the little cabin known as Mrs, White’s house, stands, at the corner of Pick- away and Franklin streets. ‘The north line ran along Watt street east from H. R. Heffner's residence, a distance of fifty-five rods. The east- ern boundary running north and south, crossed Main street a little east of Washington street, the old elm tree, well remembered by many, which stood in the pavement, being just inside of the embankment.” The people of Circleville are indebted to Mr. G. F. Wittich (who came to this place, with his parents, from Germany, in 1836) for the only pictorial representation that was ever made of the old town. It is a bird’s-eye view in water colors, painted mostly from memory, but pronounced very accurate by all the old inhabitants. Considering that Mr. Wittich never had any instruction, and but very little practice, in drawing and ‘painting, the work is highly creditable to his taste.and skill. It has been lithographed, and doubtless, in coming times, copies of it will possess an antiquarian interest and value. [See page 174.] INCORPORATION OF THE CITY. As already stated, Circleville was laid out as the county seat of Pickaway county, and a nucleus of the future city was formed early in the autumn of 1810; but it was not until more than four years after this time that an act was passed by the legislature of the State, erecting the youthful village into a town corporate. Of the growth of the community, during this brief anti - municipal period, no records remain. Its population, at the end of this period, can be only a matter of conjecture; but as it appears to have had about forty families at the start, if we allow it the same, as an annual increase, for the next four years, it must have comprised, at the time HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. | of its incorporation, about six or seven hundred souls. We have not been able to find any record of the elec- tion held in accordance with an act passed by the legis- lature, December 24, 1814, authorizing an election to be held, nor can any of the old residents give us the names of any of the officers then elected. But in order to contrast the machinery of the old -town organization with that of the city to which the corporation was after- wards changed, we append the names of the officers elected under the old regime several years later. The town officers elected in 1830 were as follows: Mayor (then properly called president), W. B. Thrall; recorder, E. B. Olds; trustees, William McArthur, George Crook, Joseph Olds, Jacob H. Lutz, and Eras- tus Webb. ‘The organization formed in 1815 continued for thirty- eight years; that is to say, until 1853, in which year, on the twenty-first of March, the town council passed the following resolution: Resolved, That the town of Circleville, by its council, does hereby determine and elect to be classed as and to become a city of the second class, under the provisions of the act of the general assembly of this State, passed May 3, 1852, entitled ‘‘An act to provide for the organiza- tion of cities and incorporate villages, and the act amendatory thereto, passed March, 1853." The city records, containing the account of the elec- tion which was held in accordance with this resolution, have (as it seems to us, with most strange and culpable carelessness) been lost or destroyed. But we have been so fortunate as to ‘find a file of the Circleville Herald, from which we learn that, on the fourth of April, 1853, the following officers were elected under the new city organization: Mayor, Z. R. Martin; treasurer, W. Baker ; solicitor, H. N. Hedges; marshal, 5. Barncord; coun- cilmen, William Van Heyde, William Doane, W. W. Bierce, and Allen Myers. To show how much more complex the municipal gov- ernment has become since that time, we conclnde our notice of the city corporation with the following official directory of the city of Circleville for 1879: Mayor, I. P. Todd; marshal, Jacob Brown; solicitor, J. Wheeler Lowe; civil engineer, C. C. Neibling; street commissioner, Thomas Heiry. Members of Council: First ward, James Brobeck, Michael Hoover; second ward, C. A. Helwagen, Charles E. Groce; third ward, Edward Smith, E. P. Strong; fourth ward, Thomas Hamilton, Fred. Warner; fifth ward, George May, George Krinn; president of council, Ed. Smith; vice-president, C. A. Helwagen; clerk, R. P. Dreisbach; treasurer, county treasurer. Standing Committees: Streets, alleys and nuisances, James Brobeck, C. A. Helwagen, E. P. Strong, Thomas Hamilton, Fred Warner; public grounds and buildings, C. A. Helwagen, Thomas Hamilton, “George Krinn, Charles E. Groce ; market house and markets, George May, C. E. Groce, Fred. Warner, M. Hoover; fire department, Charles E. Groce, James Brobeck, George Krinn, Thomas Hamilton; claims, C. A.. Helwagen, ‘Thomas Hamilton, George Krinn, M. Hoover; gas posts and lights, George May, Fred War- ner, George Krinn, E. P. Strong. Fire Department: Chief engineer, W. H. Nicholas; first assistant, ‘T. N. 182 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 5 Caskey; second assistant, Charles McLain; first engineer, steamer Circleville, Louis F. Dresher; second engineer, steamer Buckeye, Andrew Rudel; fireman, William M. Todd. Board of Health: Mayor I. P. Todd, president ex officio, Dr. E. ), Bowers, George H. Fickardt, William E. Bolin, George Davenport, John Boyer, William Doane. City Library Board: Citizens, W. M. Anderson, W. B. Marfield, W. M. Drum; members of council, Charles E. Groce, Charles A. Helwagen, Michael Hoover. Council meets the first and third Wednesdays of each month, THE CHURCHES OF CIRCLEVILLE. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. As early as the beginning of the present century Pres- byterian services were held within the bounds of what was then Mount Pleasant, now Kingston, congregation, by ministers of the old Washington Presbytery, the terri- tory of which embraced a part of Kentucky and southern Ohio. One of these ministers, Rev. James Robinson, a student of the well-known Dr. McMillan, organized, in 1808, the Pickaway church of Ross county, to which he ministered in connection with Mount Pleasant. He preached also occasionally to the Presbyterians of Circle- ville, holding services in the court house. In 1822 Columbus Presbytery was constituted from the territory covered formerly by the Washington Presby- tery, and at its first meeting the congregations of Mount Pleasant and Circleville were reported as united and able to sustain a pastor. Rev. William Burton was appointed to the charge of the same, and installed as pastor Sep- tember 13, 1822. At this time the Circleville church had twenty members and two elders, Jacob Hughes and Benjamin Cox. In 1828 the congregation was incorporated by act of assembly as the First Presbyterian Church of Circleville. Lots one hundred and nine and one hundred and ten were deeded by Andrew Huston to Dr. Finley and Dr. Luckey, trustees, for the purposes of a Presbyterian church, in consideration of one hundred dollars. plain, one-story brick edifice was erected on the site thus provided—the same now occupied by the congregation. The building had sittings for some two hundred and fifty worshippers. In the winter of 1830 31 both the Mount Pleasant From May 2, 1836, until March 21, 1842, the pastor- ate was held by Rev. Franklin Putnam. During this pe- riod the division of the Presbyterian church into Old School and New School took place, and the First church of Circleville voted, August 13, 1838, to adhere to the exscinded synods. The vote was forty-eight for to nine " against such action; and, after a brief interval, the minor- A ‘ and the Circleville congregations were visited by a thor- ough and extensive revival, which added fifty-six mem- bers to the Circleville church. Thus strengthened, the members extended a call to Mr. Burton for his whole time, and he was installed as pastor of the Mirst church of Circleville, April 8, 1831. ‘The elders of the church at this time, from which it dates its separate existence, were Matthew McCrea and James B. Finley. The num- ber of communicants was one hundred and ten. The pastorate of Mr. Burton continued until the spring of 1835, when he resigned his charge to accept one at Piketon. He was a native of Massachusetts, a graduate of Dartmouth college, studied theology with his uncle, Dr. Asa Burton, of Thetford, Vermont, and was a man of fine logical and rhetorical powers, ity peaceably withdrew and organized the Central Pres- byterian church, in connection with the Old School as- sembly. In 1842 Mr. Putnam, after a prosperous pas- torate, resigned his charge because of ill health, and the church resolved that “we feel it our duty and privilege to follow him and his family with kind remembrances and prayers.” March 11, 1844, the congregation extended a call to Dr. James Rowland, who ministered with great accept- ance and success, and with the favor of the entire com- munity, until his death, in 1854. During his pastorate the present commodious and convenient'church edifice was erected, at a cost of about fourteen thousand dollars. The committee on subscriptions were, N. S. Gregg, S. Marfield, Dr. C. Olds, Dr. Rowland, W. W. Bierce, Chauncey U. Olds. During the erection of the building the congregation worshipped in the seminary. The first services held in the audience room were those connected with the interment of the pastor, Dr. Rowland. His re- mains repose under the belfry, and a suitable mural tab- let in the vestibule expresses the affection of his bereaved parishioners. ; Rev. P. M. Bartlett, now president of Tennessee uni- versity, was pastor from January 29, 1855, until April, 1857. December 20, 1857, Rev. Henry Calhoun, formerly of Coshocton, Ohio, began his labors as pastor. That win- ter was one of deep religious interest, and thirty persons, mostly heads of families, were added to the church at the spring communion. After a prosperous pastorate, Mr. Calhoun resigned December 20, 1865. June 2, 1867, Rev. H. R. Hoisington entered upon his duties as pastor. His services were highly acceptable to the church and the community. In 1870 the Old School and New School branches of the church were formally re-united in the city of Pittsburgh. This step brought the First and Central churches of Circleville into the same ecclesiastical relations, and the subject of a union of the two was agitated. April 28, 1872, Mr. Hoising- ton resigned and removed to Cleveland, Ohio, that the way might be clear for such a union. But the Central church having declined to accept the resignation of its pastor, the union was not consummated. June 10, 1873, Rev. S. H. McMullin, formerly pro- fessor of church history in the theological seminary at Danville, Kentucky, was installed pastor of the church, and is the present incumbent. The officers of the church at present are: trustees, J. A. Hawkes, Thomas Miller, W. M. Drum; session, Otis Bal- lard, H. A. Jackson; treasurer, William M. Drum; super- intendent of Sunday-school, William M. Drum. ‘The number of communicants is one hundred and sixty- four; and of children in Sabbath-school, one hundred. * HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. The church is free from all indebtedness, provides for an annual expense list of two thousand eight hundred dollars, and contributes an average of three hundred dol- lars to missionary agencies. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.* Among the earliest churches of this place and vicinity is the one called Methodist Episcopal. We only refer to what is historical, in saying that Methodist itinerants ; were among the first in bearing the gospel to those find- ing homes in the West. Very early, in this century, a place of worship was established about a mile and a half east of this, near the old Lancaster road, at the house of a Mr. Burget. Be- fore preaching was established here, a few members, moving into this place, were in the habit of going there to worship. This town was laid out in 1810, by Mr. Daniel Dreisbach. The first sermon preached by a Methodist minister in the newly-opened town, was by the Rev. William Swayze. Passing over the country, he made this a place of rest. Proposals having been made for stated preaching, the question of place arose. After consultation, the public house of Mr. Andrew Ensworth, standing on the east side of the circle, in the locality now occupied by the corner of Court and Main streets (some say where William Albaugh’s house now stands, others, upon the ground occupied by Philip Warner), was offered and accepted. About 1812 to 1815, a local preacher, by the name of Emmet, living west of this, in company with another, whose name is forgotten, was accustomed to visit this place and hold occasional services. In process of time, during that period, a class was organized under the super- vision of these local ministers, consisting of eight per- sons, namely, Louisa Hare, Elizabeth Burget, Margaret Botkin, Margaret Davis, John Eli, Sarah Burget, and two colored women—Lydia Smith and her mother, Venice. Only one of the original class survives, she who is familiarly known among the membership as | mother Hare. Through the instrumentality of Lydia Smith, com- monly known as Aunt Lydia, a Methodist church was raised here among the people of her own color. She died in 1875, having witnessed, according to the testi- mony of both white and colored people, a good confession for Christ upwards of eighty years, dying peacefully, at the extreme age of ninety-five or ninety-six. The surviving member, Mother Hare, is the daughter of one who was a pioneer Methodist in Ohio—Nimrod | She is now in extreme feebleness, being in her | Bright. eighty-eighth year. She, too, for more than sixty years, has enjoyed among her acquaintance the reputation of | being a firm, consistent, and devoted christian. In the year 1815 or 1816, the class was regularly taken under the care of the traveling ministry of the church, Soon after William McArthur, subsequently known as Judge McArthur, was appointed leader. ‘The society formerly meeting at the house of Mr. Burget, east of the town, was transferred to this place. The “'Laken mainly from a paper read by the Rev. J. Mitchell, during the centen- nial exercises at the church, Sunday evening, April 9, 1876. 183 names of John Burget, John Wright, Mr. Hassclton, and others, are remembered as being early added to the original number; also, William Moore, father of S.. A. Moore, well known to our citizens, who’ lived where his son now lives, was among the early additions, and proved a devoted friend of the church and the general interests of religion. The first places of meeting were school-houses and private dwellings. Mother Hare says the first place of preaching was in a log school-house; with slab seats; then in a better school-house, more nearly in the center of the town, When the court house was built, worship | was transferred to that building, which was used in com- mon by nearly all the religious denominations; then from the court house to the academy, continuing there until a church edifice was put up, which was about the year 1830. Two lots, numbered. one hundred and seventy-one and one hundred and seventy-two, near the academy, were purchased of Charles Shoemaker, for two hundred dollars. ‘The church was built of brick, doubtless made of clay from the old circular earth wall, near which it was erected; but neither the cost of the building, nor the length of time taken in the work, is re- membered. This church remained as the stated place of worship until it was destroyed by fire, in 1851. The fire is sup- posed to have occurred through a defective flue. ‘This disaster was under the ministry of the Rev. J. A. Brun- ner. The first Presbyterian church was kindly offered and accepted for preaching services, and the basement of the Episcopal church for the Sunday-school. The pastor and members immediately went to work to secure another building. The people of all denominations " generously responded to the appeal for a new church. Because of the town extending southward, it was thought best to change the location. ‘The old site was aban- doned, and the present one, on the corner of Main and Pickaway streets, was secured. The building committee of the present edifice con- sisted of Jacob Welter, Joel Franklin, and William C. Taylor, the latter recently deceased. The cost of the present building, according to Mr. Welter’s recollection, was twelve thousand dollars, or upwards. ‘The bell was the gift of a former merchant of this city, Mr. Frederick Cogswell, now deceased. He also endowed a pew for the pastor’s family. This house was dedicated to the worship of God by the Rev. Dr. Trimble, now of Columbus. It was several years from the time the church was first occu- pied until the audience room was fitted up for worship. From time to time sundry improvements have been added ; recently, in new windows and renovation, at a cost of two thousand dollars. An indebtedness of two hundred and fifty dollars remains, which the ladies are devising ways and means to remove. ‘The roll of mem- bership now numbers over three hundred. This church, after being regularly established as a preaching place, so far as can now be ascertained, was included in what was known as Pickaway circuit—a part of the old “Scioto district.” While in a circuit, it was served by the following ministers : 1S4 cuit), by Michael Ellis; 1817 (Pickaway circuit), Michael Ellis and Samuel Brown; 1818, James Quinn; 1819, Michael Ellis and John Solomon ; 1820, David David- son and Michael Ellis, 1821, Cornelius Springer and Peter Warner ; 1822, B. Westlake and Andrew Kanier ; 1823, Jacob Hooper and Whitfield Hughes ; 1824, Wm. Stevens and J. ‘I. Donahoe; 1825, Z. Connel and M. Ellis ; 1826, Richard Brandriff and S. P. Shaw; 1827, Jacob Delay and William Reynolds; 1828, Benjamin Cooper and J. Young; 1829, John Ferree and Jacob Hooper ; 1830, Solomon Minear and James C. Taylor ; 1831, David Lewis and H. Baird; 1832, David Lewis and Jacob Dixon; 1833, Z. Connel and W. ‘T. Snow ; 1834, J. Delay and Abraham Baker ; 1835 (now Circle- ville circuit), S. Hamilton and E. B. Chase ; 1836, S. Hamilton and E. T. Webster ; 1837, Isaac C. Hunter and Harvey Camp; 1838, Isaac C. Hunter and P. Nation ; 1839, J. A. Reeder and P. Nation; 1840, A. M. Lorraine and T. A. G. Philips; 1841, A. M. Lor- raine and C. C. Lybrand—making thirty-nine different pastors in twenty-six years. In 1842 (half station), J. C. Bontecue; 1843 (full station), J. C. Bontecue—J. M. Trimble, presiding elder; 1844, Joseph J. Hill; 1845, A. B. Wombaugh; 1846—7, David Warnock ; 1848, E. D. Roe; 1849, John Dillon; 1850, Jacob Iimmett, who remained only six months, the year being filled out by Rev. John Dreisbach; 1851-2, J. A. Brunner ; 1853-4, J. M. Jameson ; 1855, G. W. Brush; 1856-7, C. E. Felton; 1858-9, A. Brooks; 1860~1, A. Byers, who went into the army—his place being supplied by Rev. E. P. Hall; 1862-3, I. Crook ; 1864-5, S. M. In 1816 (most likely while he was on Fairfield cir- | Merrill; 1866-7, T. R. Taylor; 1868, W. T. Harvey;_ 1869-70, H. k. Foster; 1871, C. D. Battelle; 1872-3, T. H. Philips—his son Howard supplying his place for the last year; 1874-6, J. Mitchel; C. M. 1877-9, Bethauser, who is, at the present time, visiting his rela- ons in Germany. It will be seen, therefore, that sixty- four different ministers have been employed, since the first organization of the society. Two annual conferences have been held here, one in 1834, presided over by Bishop Soule ; the other, in 1861, presided over by Bishop Janes. ST. PHILIP’S (HPISCOPAL) CHURCH, The twenty-sixth day of May, 1817, the Rev, Philan- der Chase, who had recently been rector of Christ church, Hartford, Connecticut, afterwards bishop of the diocese of Ohio, conducted service according to the liturgy of the Protestant Episcopal church in the United States of America, and preached in the town of Circleville, at which time the present St. Philip’s parish was organized, with the following instrument of parochial association: ‘‘We, whose names are hereunder written, deeply impressed with the truth and importance of the Christian religion, and anxiously desirous to promote its influences in the heirts and lives of ourselves, our fami- lies and our neigibors, do hereby associate ourselves together by the name, style and title of St. Philip's church, county of Pickaway, State of Ohio, in communion with the Protestant Episcopal church in the Uni- ted States of America, whose liturgy, constitution and canons, we do hereby adopt. [Signed | Guy W. Doane, JOSHUA JOTINSON, Jos. G. Noxon, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. S. M. MorGAN, \WaM. SEYMOUR, WALTER THRALE, WILLIAM B, THRALL. ‘THOMAS WHITING, JouN IvANs, DANIEL WRIGHT, Joun E. MorGan, Net. MCGAFFEY, J. T. DAVENPORT, In September, 1818, at a parish meeting, presided over by the Rey. Philander Chase, the following gentlemen were elected, to serve until Easter, 1819: Wm. Seymour and Guy W. Doane, wardens; John E. Morgan, Jos. G. Noxon, Joshua Fulsom, vestrymen. Wm. Seymour was elected to represent the parish in the convention to be held in Worthington on the first Monday in January, 1819. On the eighteenth of June, 1819, the parish was visited for the first time by the Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, as bishop of the diocese of Ohio. ‘The first regular minister was the Rev. Ezra B. Kel- logg, who commenced his parochial labors in Circleville, and conducted services one Sunday in four weeks. Pre- vious to this time, the services were conducted by lay readers and occasional supplies. How long the Rev. Mr. Kellogg remained as minister in charge, the records do not show. December 23, 1829, six years after the last recorded vestry meeting, there was a meeting of the parish, at which a vestry was elected to serve until the Easter following. ‘This vestry immediately opened nego- tiations with St. Paul’s church, Chillicothe, and the Rev. Mr. Bausman, minister in charge of St. Paul’s, which re- sulted in his conducting service here one Sunday in every four weeks, during the two years following. The Rev. R. V. Rogers took charge of the parish, Sep- tember 12, 1832. On the twenty-sixth of December, of that year, it was resolved by the vestry that G. W. Doane, W. B. Thrall and John L. Green, be constituted a com- mittee to petition the legislature for an act to incorporate the wardens and vestry of St. Philip’s church. The ves- try further resolved, that they accept the proposition this day made in writing by Mr. R. Douglas for lot number one hundred and one, on the Mound, for which they were to pay three hundred and fifty dollars, in seven an- nual instalments, without interest; and that a committee of six be appointed to draft and circulate a subscription for the purpose of raising funds to build a church, and that the following persons constitute said committee: Wm. B. Thrall, R. H. Hopkins, Robert Larrimore, G. W. Doane, J. W. Finley and Wm. McColloch. At a par- ish mecting at the house of Mr. G. W. Doane, May, 1833, Messrs. J. G. Doddridge, Wm. B. Thrall and Robert Larrimore, were clected a committee to design a plan for a church, of the relative proportions of the Episcopal church in Columbus, with a seating capacity of three hundred; to contract for materials, and have in charge the building of said church, which was completed in the year 1834, and was a comfortable and commodious brick building. The Rev. Mr. Rogers resigned the rectorship to return to his home, in England, the eleventh day of March, 1836. Previous to the erection of this church, the services seem to have been conducted in the court house and the First Presbyterian church. The following were the ministers in charge from this | date to the eighth day of October, 1865: Revs. W. F. Halsey, W. W. Aruat, Anson Clarke, Alex. McLeod, Chas. B, Steret, A. 1), Benedict, H. N. Bishop, R. L. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN ANI PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Nash, D. Risser, C. W. Fearns and Thos. W. Mitchell. | October 8, 1865, the Rev. E. Owen Simpson took charge of this parish, in connection with St. John’s, Lancaster. During the month of April, 1867, he resigned St. John’s, | and took full charge of St. Philip’s, and remained in charge until Easter, 1870. During his administration the parish greatly prospered; the original church was torn down, and the present very commodious, substantial and beautiful stone church was erected, at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars, paid for and consecrated. Rev. E. Owen Simpson and Messrs. Wm. B. Marfield and Alfred Williams were the building committee. The corner stone was laid August 16, 1866, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop McIlvaine, and the church was consecrated April 23, 1868, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Bedell. During the erec- tion of their church, the congregation worshiped in the First Baptist church. Since 1870, the following have been the ministers in charge: Revs. W. C. Mills, H. C. Camp, J. T. Franklin, C. A. Bragdon and J. H. Logie, the latter having been ordained deacon in the church by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Jaggar, of the diocese of Southern Ohio, on the twenty-third day of February, 1879, and at the same time he was appointed, by the bishop, as minis- ter in charge of the church. ; In 1874, a rectory was purchased, at a cost of four thousand dollars, which makes the total value of, the church property about nineteen thousand dollars. LUTHERANISM IN CIRCLEVILLE PRIOR TO 1859. The early history of the Lutheran church in this place is involved in much obscurity. A division occurred in 1859, resulting from differences in theological opinion, since which time there have been two separate congrega- tions, each claiming to be the rightful successor of the» original organization. We have received, from represent- atives of both congregations, historical sketches, from which we condense the following brief history of the church, down to the time of the separation. Among the heads of families attached to the Lutheran church, who emigrated, principally from Pennsylvania, and settled in Circleville and its immediate vicinity, early in the present century, are recorded the following: Jacob Zieger, sr., George Zimmer, Samuel Watt, Philip Zieger, Jacob Zieger, jr., Frederick Zieger, John Valentine, Peter Apple, Valentine Keffer, Peter Trees, Heinrich Trees, William Moyer, Peter Herbster, Heinrich Ely, ‘Old Fa- ther Try,” Anthony Weaver, John Weaver, John Row, Mr. Earnhart, sr., and others. In the year 1811 the Evangelical Lutheran synod of ‘Pennsylvania delegated the Rev. Jacob Leist to go to Ohio and organize congregations. He preached his first sermon here on the 28th of August, 1811. As this was less than a year after the town was laid out, it must have been one of the first sermons (if not the very first) preached in the place. For a long time he held services once in four weeks. All the members being familiar ‘with German, the services were held exclusively in that language for several years. There was no church build- | ing in town, and the meetings were held in such places | as could be obtained. After the court house was built 24 185 in the old circle, this denomination, as well as others; used it for their meetings. It is claimed that the Rev. Mr. Leist organized a church in due form; and, judging from the amount of material which he found here at the time, as well as from the nature of his mission, nothing can be more probable. And yet, if such an organization was effected, two things are very remarkable: first, that no scrap of record can be found to testify of its exist- ence; and second, that it should, by common consent, have been entirely ignored in the forming of a new or- ganization to take its place, some twenty years later. However this mystery is to be explained, it is certain that records, apparently authentic, exist, which show that, in May, 1831, a congregation, taking the name of “the English Evangelical Lutheran Church,” was organ- ized, with the Rev. N. B. Little as pastor. Of the meet- ing at which this organization was effected, Mr. George Wildbahn .was chosen president, and John Marfield sec. retary. Following are the names of the gentlemen pres- ent and taking part in the meeting: George P. Kephart, Henry Try, George Hammel, Adam Pontious, Robert Hays, James Carlisle, Gershom M. Peters, Moses Daw- ley, Michael Pontious, Joseph Landes, Daniel Funk, Mi- chael May, John Valentine, Henry Triece, Samuel Watt, U. P. Kerr, Philip Zieger, John Groce, William B. Thrall, Valentine Keffer, Dr. William N. Lenker, John A. Wolf- ley, James Kepler, and John Ludwig. The three last named having been appointed a com- mittee to examine the credentials of the Rev. Mr. Little, made a favorable report, and he was thereupon chosen as their pastor. At the same meeting, or one held very soon after, a committee was also appointed to confer with the Rev. Mr. Leist, who, quite advanced in years, was still residing in the vicinity. The object of the con- ference with Mr. Leist does not very definitely appear. It is evident, however, that he gave at least a tacit assent to the organization, and thenceforth the venerable mis- sionary drops out of view. The Rev. Mr. Little continued in charge about two years and a half, when he resigned ; and, on the 23d of February, 1834, the congregation gave a call to the Rev. J. A. Roof, who labored for them acceptably twenty-one years, preaching partly in German and partly in English, when he resigned and moved to Iowa. In the fall of 1831, soon after Mr. Little commenced his ministrations, steps were taken to build a church ; the sum of two thousand three hundred and thirty- seven dollars being raised for that purpose by sub- scription, part of which was paid in money, and part in materials or work on the building. The south half of the “area on Bastile avenue” was obtained as a site, and the éorner stone was laid in the spring of 1832. The building contained a basement and audience room, the dimensions being sixty-five feet in length and forty- five in width. The basement was occupied till 1839, in which year the audience room was completed. After the resignation of Mr.’Roof, there was a vacancy of about two years in the pastorate, when the Rev. Joel Swartz, of Shenandoah county, Va., accepted a call in the latter part of March, 1857. He also preached in Ger- 186 man and English. It was during the administration of Mr. Swartz that the church was permanently divided. We should have no heart, even if we had time and space, to write the history of the painful theological controversy which culminated in this unhappy division, nor of the still more painful lawsuit by which the party that felt themselves compelled to withdraw from the church, sought to regain possession of the property. Suffice it to say that, at the annual mceting which was held on the 7th of March, 1859, the party corresponding to what is known as “old school,” or “high church,” in other religious bodies, retired, leaving the ‘new school,” or “low church” party, with Mr, Swartz at their head, (whom they retained for another year) in possession of the church. Each party elected officers, claiming to continue the original organization. ‘The so-called old Lutherans brought suit against the so-called new Luther- ans, for the possession of the church property, both par- ties claiming their right to it. The decision of the court of common pleas, in which the case was tried, was in favor of the so-called old Lutherans. The case, however, was appealed to the district court, which (in effect, at least) reversed the decision of the court below. The old Lutherans could have brought suit by another form of action, but con- cluded not to do so. They were served for a time by neighboring ministers, and remained in the Ohio synod. Mr. Swartz and his congregation connected themselves with the Miami synod. Thus two congregations existed. The party that adhered tu Mr. Swartz took (or retained) the name of THE ENGLISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. The Rev. Mr. Swartz continued in charge one year, when he resigned, and the Rev. Thomas Hill was elected in his place, May 21, 1860. He was succeeded by the Rev. M. L. Wilhelm, March 31, 1866. During the ad- ministration of Mr. Wilhelm, a new brick church was built, at a cost of about eight thousand dollars. He re- mained till the church was finished and dedicated, when he resigned, and was succeeded by the Rev. H. B. Mil- ler, December 29, 1868. Mr. Miller remained a little less than a year—-then resigned and went to ‘Tarleton, Ohio. ‘The names of the ministers who succeeded him, with the length of the ministry of each, arc as follows: ‘The Rev. Thomas Hill (second term), one year; Rev. I. W, Sanders, three years. Then there was a vacancy one year, and the Rev. J. M. Ruthrauff was elected, Septem- ber 13, 1874, and continued a year and a half. ‘The present minister, Rev. J. W. Swick, accepted a call to the charge of this congregation, April 6, 1879. The party that withdrew from the church took the name of TRINITY EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. In June, 1859, the Rev. C. Albrecht received and ac- cepted a call to the pastorate of this congregation, and remained until April, 1860, when the Rev. John Wagen- hals:- was called. Then the Trinity congregation obtained, by order of the court of common pleas, from the director HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. - 2 of the town, W. W. Bierce, a lot known as the ‘public,’ or “city,” or “ Presbyterian” burying ground ; and built thereon a neat brick church, at a cost of about five thou- sand dollars. It was dedicated May 27, 1866. A com- modious parsonage was built on the same lot, about the same time. In 1868 the Rey. Mr. Wagenhals resigned his pastoral office, on account of feeble health and advanced age, having served eight years. In the same year the Rev. B. M. Lenker accepted a call from the church, and re- mained until 1870. On account of a diversity of opinion in the Ohio synod, on certain doctrinal points in dispute among the clergy, a division took place in the English district of said synod. Unfortunately, it also caused a division in this congregation. A number of older families withdrew, as they were not willing to make these questions a test of true Lutheranism, having previously been considered open questions, left to the discretion of pastors and con- gregations. The members remaining in the church after the resignation of Mr. Lenker, were served first by the Rev. E. L. S. Tressel, and subsequently by the Rev. A. H. Schultze, who resigned in May, 1879—the pastorate being still vacant. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. At a general conference, in May, 1833, it was resolved that the United Brethren church should have a printing establishment of its own, and that said establishment be located at the town of Circleville. So, to carry out this resolution, the conference appointed a board of trustees, consisting of George Dreisbach, Jonathan Dreisbach and Rev. John Russel. On the twelfth day of April, 1834, the trustees bought a printing press, together with type and cases; and also a lot and two houses of Mr. Z. R. Martin, on North Main street, and on the thirty-first day of December, 1834, the first number of the Aeligzous Telescope was issued, with Rev. W. R. Rinehart as editor. The publication of the Ze/escefe was conducted for sev- eral years without any church organization, there being no members of the society in town except the editor, and perhaps some of the employees of the office. In the spring of 1837, Rev. William Hanley, with his family, moved to Circleville, and during this year regular preaching, on alternate Sabbaths with the Universalist preachers, was kept up in the old court house, standing in the center of the circle, where the two main streets how cross. In the winter of 1838, serviccs were held in the academy, instead of the court house, a building situ- ated in the northeast part of town, close to the lot occupied by the old Methodist church. During this year [1838] a very interesting meeting was held, during which penitents were often seen on the streets enquiring for the United Brethren prayer meeting, and in some cases, as soon as they entered the enclosure of the meeting, they would fall upon their knees and beg for an interest in the prayers of God’s people. This meeting resulted in the conver- sion of a number of persons, and the organization of a United Brethren society of about one hundred members. ‘The tide of public sentiment was turned in the direction AARON R. VAN CLEAF was born at Arneystown, Burlington county, New Jersey, March 20, 1838. When he was about three years old his parents removed to Monmouth county, New Jersey, where they now reside. His ancestors were of the pioneer settlers of New Jersey, on the paternal side, of the early Holland emigration, and among the first set- tlers of Monmouth county. On the maternal side he is connected with the Reeves family, one of the oldest and most respected families in Burlington and other counties of south Jersey. Several of the Van Cleafs served in Jersey regiments during the war for American independ- ence, and are specially mentioned among the patriots of that day. His paternal great-grandfather owned an ex- tensive body of land in Monmouth county, New Jersey, which was divided among his large family of children. Aaron Van Cleaf was educated in the common schools near Freehold, New Jersey, until he was fourteen years of age, when he entered the Monmouth Democrat office, at Freehold, as an apprentice to the printing business, remaining there, as apprentice and journeyman, until April, 1859, when he emigrated to Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio, and for a few months was connected with the Democratic Standard, which paper was soon after merged in what is now the Brown county ews. In November, 1859, he became editor and publisher of the Democratic Citizen, at Lebanon, Ohio, which was pub- lished in the face of many difficulties. On the twelfth of August, 1862, the office was destroyed by a mob of political opponents, but he re-established the paper and continued its publication until May, 1863. In Novem- ber, of the same year, he purchased the Circleville Demo- crat and Watchman, and has since conducted that paper. In 1871 he was nominated for representative in the general assembly by the Democratic party of Pickaway county, and was elected by four hundred and seventy- seven majority over James Langhry, Republican, who was then extensively known and popular. He de- clined a re-election. In 1877 he was again nominated for representative by acclamation, being the first Demo- cratic candidate for that place in Pickaway county, nomi- nated without opposition, for many years. He was elected by nine hundred and _ forty-six majority over Frederick Thorn, Republican, and in the house was chairman of the committee on reform schools, and a member of the finance and printing committees. On the third of June, 1879, he was nominated by acclama- tion, in the Democratic senatorial convention, to repre- sent the counties of Franklin and Pickaway in the State senate, and at the October election following, was elected by one thousand six hundred and thirty-four majority. He has taken an active part in the politics of Pick- away county for fifteen years past, and has been chair- man of the Democratic central committee of the county for thirteen years. SAMUEL MARFIELD, JR. THE MARFIELD FAMILY. John Marfield was a resident of the mining town of ‘Bardenburg, on the lower Rhine, Germany, and was probably in some way connected with mining interests. He was married to Elizabeth Spies, and at the latter end of the last century emigrated to America with his family, con- sisting of his wife and two daughters—Penelope and Hannah. He located, soon after reaching this country, in Baltimore, Maryland, and successfully engaged in merchandising. In Baltimore were born five more children—William, Catharine, Samuel, John, Henry, and Eliza- beth. All were reared in the school of domestic discipline and economy The head of the family was a man of unbending will, severe honesty, and simplicity of character. The wife was a kind, warm-hearted, gen- tle, christian woman. The father ruled with the rod—the mother with love. Before the children grew to maturity their father died, but they enjoyed the love and affection of their mother until, ripe with a good old age, she passed away, in 1851. The boys, as they grew to man- hood, became scattered. One of the daughters—Hannah—by mar- tiage, became Mrs. Benson; the others lived in maidenhood, in the home their parents had left to them. Elizabeth, the youngest, is now the only survivor. Of the sons, William, a mechanical engineer, lo- cated in Virginia; Henry in Galena, Illinois; John in Chillicothe, Ohio, where he built up a fine fortune and an enviable business reputation; and Samuel in Circleville, Ohio. Henry and Samuel are the only sons now living. It is with the latter and his family that this sketch has to deal. Samuel Marfield was born in Baltimore, Maryland, January 17, 1808. When a youth he was apprenticed to the saddlery business, which he learned. Self-depending from childhood, he branched out in business for himself before he became of age, and rapidly built up a handsome trade in domestic and imported saddlery hardware in Baltimore. January 3, 1833, he was married to Harriet M., daughter of Samuel and Sarah Wright. Mr. Wright was a Maryland farmer, of Welsh ex- traction. To Samuel Marfield and wife were born, in Baltimore, two sons—William B., November 19, 1833, and James T., January 29, 1838. Captivated with the inviting opportunities of the West, Samuel Mar- field moved to Ohio in 1839, and located in Circleville, engaging in the general hardware business. Here, in Circleville, April 20, 1844, another son was born, and named after his father—Samuel. In his business Mr. Marfield mage a success, and in a few years, in 1848, was enabled to establish a private banking house, which he called ‘‘The People's Bank,” afterward's ‘‘Marfield’s Bank,” and which continued in opera- tion until May, 1877—twenty-nine years. Harriet M. Marfield was a faithful and devoted wife, and a tender, loving, patient mother, the memory of whose sweet affection is the treasured heritage of the surviving sons. After several years of bodily affliction, she passed away, April 27, 1865. The three sons were all given generous opportunities for acquiring a good education—William, at Kenyon college, Gambier, Ohio, where he passed through the first two years of the classical course; James, at Greenway academy, Springfield, Ohio, and Samuel, jr., at Harcourt school and Kenyon college, where he graduated in -1864. William, after leaving college, was associated with his father in the bank, and remained with him until 1877. He was married January 15, 1861, to Mary F., only daughter of N. S. Gregg, of Circleville. To them were born six children: Elliott, born December 4, 1861; Harriett, born Maich 2, 1863; James, born January 1, 1865; Nannie, born June 24, 1866; Delano, born March 8, 1869; Mary, born February 4, 1872. They are all living but James, who died in infancy, September 13, 1865. James T., commencing as a farmer, also finally took a position in the bank, until 1862, when he entered the Union army, as second lieutenant of company B, One Hundred and Fourteenth regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry. He was then in his twenty-fifth year, a powerfully-developed and magnificent specimen of manhood. 7 The regiment was largely recruited in Pickaway county, and con-" tained the flower of the youth of the community. It was organized in August, 1862, and soon after being mustered in, was ordered to the front to join the army which was being massed to operate against Vicks- burg, Mississippi. On December 28th, General W. T. Sherman, in command, embarked his forces on the Yazoo river above and in rear of the rebel army protecting that strongly entrenched citadel, and on the twenty-ninth charged their lines. It was a day of slaughter and defeat. Lieutenant Marfield fell, and was buried by his comrades near the bat- tlefield. The army retreated; but six months after, when General Grant captured Vicksburg, the same faithful comrades sought out and recov- ered the remains of their friend and officer, and they now rest in the beautiful Forest cemetery. The name of Lieutenant James T. Mar- field is held in dear remembrance, for he was, in every true sense, a man. Samuel, jr., the youngest son, whose portrait heads this sketch, after the completion of his collegiate course spent some time in foreign travel, visiting France, Switzerland, Germany, and the British Isles. From 1866 to 1875 he was engaged in commercial pursuits as a wholesale grocer and produce merchant. December 18, 1867, he was married to Florence L., daughter of Dr. A. W. Thompson, of Circleville. To them have been born five children: Dwight S:, born December 11, 1868; William T., born August 30, 1870; George R., born August 2, 1872; James T,, born March 24, 1874; Elizabeth Spies, born February 28, 1875. James T. died in infancy, September 13, 1874. December 1, 1875, Samuel Marfield, jr., assumed editorial direction and general management of the Circleville Herald and Union, shortly afterward changed to The Union-Herald, and April rst, following, was appointed, by President Grant, postmaster of Circleville, both of which positions he occupies at this time. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 187 of the new organization, and the people were generally anxious to hear what the newcomers had to say on reli- gious subjects. The academy building was becoming entirely too small for the attendance; hence, during the year 1839, a church house was erected on East Main street, sixty-six by forty-six feet, made of good material, and, at the time, the largest, and perhaps the best, in the town. On the nineteenth day of October, 1839, the first quar- terly conference was held in the new church, with the Rev. J. Coons'as pastor. The official members of the first conference were Rev. J. Coons, Rev. Elias Vande- mark, Rev. William Hanley (being then editor of the Religious Telescope), William Freman, W. R. Rinehart, Robert Levering, Samuel Hargus, James Moodey and Abraham Hostteton. During this year the church did not meet with any very flattering success. A few, how- ever, were converted and joined the church. At the annual conference of 1840 Rev. W. W. Davis was sent to Circleville as pastor. He had some success, but received such a small salary that he would not stay longer than one year. It would be well to remark here that the reader will have to excuse the writer for not giv- ing the salary of the early pastors, as there is no record of it. At the next conference, in 1841, Rev. P. Brock was appointed as pastor, and labored for one year, with little encouragement. He was assisted during the year by the Rev. W. B. Jarvis. In the spring of 1842 Rev. L. Davis, now Dr. Davis, of Union Biblical seminary, Dayton, ‘Ohio, was placed in charge. During this year there was quite a falling off in the membership. In the year 1843, Rev. Davis was succeeded by the Rev. E. Van- demark. During this year the church was much embar- rased by debt, and, as a result, had little or no prosperity. In the spring of 1844 Rev. D. Edwards was appointed as pastor. In May, 1845, the general conference of the whole church was held in Circleville. At this conference the pastor, Rev. D. Edwards, was elected editor of the Re- ligious Telescope, and was succeeded in the pastorate by Rev. I. Kretzenger. During this year the Scioto confer- ence changed its time of meeting from spring till fall; hence, in the fall of 1845, Rev. Kretzenger was suc- ceeded by Rev. R. Hastings. In October, 1846, Rev. J. M. Spangler was called to the station. He remained its pastor for two conference years, and his labors were blessed with good results. At the close of 1847, Rev. H. Jones was appointed as pastor, and served one year. In the fall of 1848, Rev. Spangler was again appointed. In 1849 Rev. William Fisher was appointed, and served two years. During the last few years the church had been gradually decreasing in membership, and its suc- cess, aS a separate congregation, was despaired of. Rev. J. Swarence succeeded Rev. Fisher in 1851, and Mr. Swar- ence was succeeded, in 1852, by Rev. T. Sloan. At the close of this year it was admitted that it could not suc- ceed alone, its membership being of the poorer class and unable to support a pastor; consequently it was attached to Pickaway circuit, in charge of Rev. W. W. Davis. During this year, parties holding claims against the church became impatient, and the sale of the church was threatened ; consequently at an annual conference held at the Moris church, Pickaway county, it was re- solved that a vigorous effort must be made to lift the claims. ‘The conference appointed Rey. William Hanley to solicit funds ‘or that purpose, and on the twenty-fourth day of September, 1854, after a debt of over two thou- sand dollars was provided for, the church was solemnly and joyfully dedicated to the service of almighty God, fourteen years after it was built. At the conference above named (1854) Rev. Mr. Fisher was again appointed its pastor. This year the salary was exceedingly small—indeed, smaller than ever before, owing to the removal of the Zelescofe office to Dayton, Ohio, which had occurred the year previous. In the year 1855 we find the Rev. J. S. Davis as pastor. Rev. Mr. Davis was an excellent_man, also a good pastor and preacher. He filled his own pulpit with credit, and had frequent invitations to exchange pulpits with other min- isters of the town. But alas for the church! just when his suceess in building up her interests seemed a fixed fact, the Master called him from labor to reward. In the fall of 1856 Rev. E. Vandemark was again placed in charge. During this year the church and _ pas- tor became involved in a difficulty about his salary and secret societies, that resulted in almost the entire over- throw of the church, From July, 1857, to January, 1862, we have no records whatever upon the journal of the proceedings of the church. At the last-named date we have Rev. Mr. Fisher again as pastor. From the closé of 1862 to 1866 we find another gap in the records. I believe there were no services kept up during this time. At an annual conference in September, 1866, it was resolved that Circleville church be called a mission station and receive an appropriation from the conference funds to sustain it. Rev. D. Bonebrake was then ap- pointed to take charge of the congregation. In coming to the work he found the membership reduced to twenty- nine members. His labors were greatly blessed, and a number added to the faithful few. Rev. Mr. Bonebrake received a salary of five hundred and forty dollars. In October, 1867, Rev. J. H. Dickson was placed in charge, and received a salary of four hundred and sixty dollars. Mr. Dickson remained in charge three years, receiving about the same amount of salary each year. His labors were blessed with fair results. In October, 1870, Rev. William Brown received the appointment. This year there was considerable decrease in the membership by removals. Mr. Brown received four hundred dollars. Rev. Mr. Bonebrake, in 1871, was again returned. His labors, however, were not so successful as before. His salary, this year, was only three hundred and twelve dollars. In 1872, Rev. ID. A. Johnstone received the appointment and was continued for three years, with fair success, receiving a salary of five hundred dollars each year. In October, 1875, Rev. Peter Wagner was appointed, receiving a salary of three hundred and twenty-five dollars. Rev. Mr. Wagner was suc- ceeded, in 1876, by the Rev. J. Everhart. Owing to ill health, Mr. Evarhart had but little success. He received 188 for his services a salary of three hundred and fifty dollars. The annual conference of 1877 appointed Rev. J. M. Mills. Mr. Mills took charge of the congregation when it was in a very weak condition. He had, however, some success the first year, and received a salary of five hundred and fifty dollars. At the conference of 1878, Mr. Mills was again returned; and at this writing—July, 1879—1s still laboring successfully, and is well received by his church and community. The present membership of the church is one hundred and ten; Sabbath-school scholars enrolled, one hundred and seventy-five; average attendance, one hundred and twenty. Present official board of the church: J. M. Mills, Stephen Miller, Henry Pontious, Samuel Denman, E. Cave, A. Moris, James Sims, and George Denman. THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH was organized with about twelve members, by the Rev. L. avis, inthe year 1834. The succession of pastors since that time is as follows: The Rev. Messrs. Burd, Adkes- son, T. Lawrence, L. Davis, Tilman, Coleman, Peters, Arnold, Gibbons, J. Tibbs, W. Lewis, W. D. Mitchel, W. Davison and R. H. Morris, who is the present pastor. Its membership numbers, at this time, one hundred and sixty-three. Mr. Morris and his band of faithful workers are now in the midst of a great struggle to build a new church edi- fice, the corner stone of which was laid only a few days ago, with appropriate ceremonies. It is to be a very fine building, forty by sixty feet in dimensions. The congre- gation have insisted on calling it “ Morris Chapel,” in honor of their present beloved pastor. THE FIRST REGULAR BAPTIST CHURCH. In 1838, a number of persons holding letters from Baptist churches in different States, especially Virginia, decided to organize themselves into a regular Baptist church, For this purpose, on-the twenty-seventh of July, the following persons met at the house of Abram Van Meter: Gershom M. Peters, Jacob Van Meter, Acker King, ‘Thos. b. Godard, Milton Peters, Samuel Creighton, Enoch Lamb, Nahum Newton, Maranda Peters, Emily Van Meter, Maria Van Meter, Mary Van Meter, Adclaide Newton, Amy A. King, Eve Everett, Agatha Mencar, Priscilla Lamb and Eliza Lamb, and adopted articles of faith and a church covenant. ‘They were recognized by a council, called on the eighteenth of August, composed of the following persons: Dr. Jonathan Gonig, president of Granville college, who addressed the church; Rev. 'T. R. Cressy, who preached the sermon; Rev. Jacob Drake, who made the prayer, and Rev. Ezra Gonig, who gave the hand of fellowship. There was also a Mr. John Rees present, from Granville church, Of these original members, six died in the fellowship of the church; three were excluded; one joined the Presbyterians; one, Acker King, is still an active member, having held the office of deacon from the organization of the church to the present time. ‘The recognition services took place in the Presbyterian church, which was kindly | - began in humble reliance on God. ~ ate, preaching two Sabbaths in the month. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. offered for this purpose. On the day following -the rec- ognition services, Charles Dean was received and baptized by D. E. Thomas. The first pastor was Rev. Isaac K. Brownsen, who had just graduated from the Theological seminary, at Hamil- ton, New York, and who, after his ordination at Peters- boro, New York, was sent, under the auspices of the Home Mission society, to the then western State of Ohio, and through the influence of Rev. T. R. Cressy, of Co- lumbus, came to Circleville, and took the oversight of the church, October, 1838, and remained with them fif- teen months. A portion of this time he was joint pastor of the church at Frankfort, so giving each church but half the time preaching. A few were added by baptism, but several familes moving away, the church was much weakened. ‘The young church took hold of its work with zeal, and at a time when the question of anti-missions was agitating the churches throughout the State, took decided grounds , in favor of missions, and the first Sabbath evening of each month was devoted to prayer and contribution to that ob- ject. The tenth day of November, 1838, was observed by them as a day of fasting and prayer; thus the work They were too poor to erect a house of worship, so they met in the octagonal court house, a portion of the time, and another portion in the Atheneum building and public school building. ‘They were not left without a pastor when Mr. Brownsen went away, as Rev. John A. Peters had moved into the neighborhood, to be near his brother, G. M. Peters, and, though in feeble health, he undertook the pastoral care of the church, and preached, not only in the town, but at Grey’s school house, five miles north of town, and at Mrs. Pancake’s three miles west of town. In September, 1840, they joined the Scioto association, and in May, of the next year, organized a Sunday school, which was not a common thing in those days, commenc- ing with forty scholars, and soon increasing to seventy-five, a number which has not been greatly exceeded since. G. M. Peters was the superintendent. ‘The pastor’s health was gradually failing, so that the preaching and baptizing were mostly done by neighboring pastors. In November, 1841, the pastor died, greatly regretted by all the church. Shortly after his death, two of the neighboring pastors, W. 1. Woodruff, of Frankfort, and T. R. Cressy, of Co- lumbus, held a series of meetings that resulted in much yood to the church, and ten persons were baptized, and at a communion season that followed, thirty-two persons sat down to the Lord’s table together. The church was desirous of securing a pastor, and applied to a Rev. M. Wheaton, of Columbus, but failed to secure his services. Rev. (afterward Dr.) J. L. Moore visited the church and preached a few weeks, but not with a view to the pastor- ate. His labors were very acceptable, and several were added to the church. At the June meeting, a committee, consisting of G. M. Peters, A. King, J. H. Welsheimer and J. Haswell, was appointed to inquire into the expe- diency of building a house of worship. At about the same time Rev. Henry Billings was called to the pastor- He remained HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. with the church one year, and when he left, the church abandoned the idea of building a house of worship, though the committee had gone so far as to lease a lot for six years. The cause was in rather a discouraging state, and what made it still worse, they were unfortunate in calling a young man named Edward Lyons, and at his urgent request called a council to ordain him, February 21, 1844. He stayed with them but six months, and left them, weakened by his influence, which was not good. He was published in the Cross and Journal, by vote of the church. The next year, in March, Rev. W. D. Woodruff became pastor, and the Sunday-school was revived, and E. P. Peters elected superintendent; but he did not hold the position long, for in November L. L. Woodruff was chosen to that office. At the end of two years the pros- pects of the church were so low that Mr. W. D. Wood- ruff resigned the pastorate to go to a more hopeful field. After this, for three years, no regular meetings were held. Still, a few members held on to the cause, and were: not willing to give itup. In August, 1850, the few members came together at the house of J. H. Welsheimer where a vote was taken appointing Eli Todd, L. L. Woodruff, John H. Welsheimer and A. King a committee to pur- chase a lot on which to erect a house of worship. Mrs. Catharine Brower, of Pennsylvania, was here at the time, visiting her daughter, Mrs. Anna B. Darst, and took a lively interest in the work, and volunteered to raise funds among her friends east, which was greatly appreciated by the little church, for with that timely aid, and by bor- rowing fifty dollars, they were enabled to build the house in which they still worship: a small but comfortable house, twenty-five by fifty feet, which was dedicated Oc- tober 19, 1851. Rev.—now Dr.—D. A. Randall was called to the pastorate, but after preaching six months he was obliged to give up the work on account of ill health. The church was loth to part with him, as his preaching and work were very acceptable, indeed, to all. Through Mr. Randall the church was induced to extend a call to Benjamin Bedell, a recent graduate of Granville college, who was invited to preach to them six months, with a view to final settlement. Mr. Bedell arrived in Circle- ville the last of January, 1853. Before the end of Feb- ruary it was deemed advisable to call a council to ordain him, which was done March 2, 1853, Rev. Dr. H. Davis, Rev. S. T. Griswold, Rev. W. D. Woodruff and Rev. D. A. Randall participating. This pastorate was the longest the church ever had, being three years and eight months. During that time the church enjoyed two revival seasons, and more than doubled its membership. = In the spring of 1855, after a very interesting work, in which the pastor was assisted by Rev. H. A. Brown, it was decided to proceed to put up a parsonage on the church lot. It was quite an undertaking for the church, but by much personal sacrifice, and with outside help, it was accomplished and the pastor moved into it on the third day of July, the same year. That was a very joyful period for the church, and it was hoped its dark days were over, but it was not be be so. The Scioto associa- tion met with the church that year, in August, and during 189 the session of the association the pastor was laid aside by sickness from which he did not sufficiently recover to re- sume labor for several weeks, and when he did resume labor the interest had sensibly diminished. The heart of the young pastor was discouraged, but he did not decide to leave the field until September, 1856, when several fam- ilies, that had been good helpers, having moved away, and the congregation being reduced to a very small number, the pastor gave in his resignation and went to Wilmington. The church was greatly enfeebled and disheartened, and suspended meetings, and for a period of sixteen years the church stood idle, only as it was rented to other denom- inations, who occupied it while they were building their own houses of worship. It was thus occupied by the Episcopal, English Lutherans and Evangelical churches. In June, 1872, Rev. J. Kyle, a missionary of the Scioto association visited the place and found the few old breth- ren that were left, together with quite a number who had moved in, ready to resume work, and as they could have preaching only occasionally, they chose Mr. A. C. Elster a leader of the meetings. Rev. Dr. S. Talbot, president of Dennison university, and Rev. A. J. Lyon, of Lancas- ter, preached for a few times till, in November, they called Rev. J. Chambers to preach for them half the time. There was no especial growth, but they kept together and sought to regain the ground that had been lost. They moved the house of worship to the side of the lot on which it stood and purchased an organ, so that, when Mr. Chambers left, after two years’ labor, the church was in condition to go right forward, and they called Mr. J. Adams, just from Chicago Theological seminary, to the pastorate. In the meantime the house of worship had been repaired and gas fixtures introduced. Mr. Adams began his work in August, 1875, and was ordained the next month, September 16th, Rev. Dr. D. A. Randall, Rev. G. G. Harriman, Rev. E. W. Dannells, Rev. J. Chambers and Rev. W. W. Sawyer taking part in the services. The pastor addressed himself to the work be- fore him with characteristic energy, and his work told for good. The cause rose sensibly under his ministration. The membership increased from twenty-seven to sixty-one during his three years and one month pastorate. When, at length, he felt compelled to resign and leave the field [September, 1878,] it was a great grief to many members of the church. The church then recalled Rev. B. Bedell, a former pastor, who returned to this, his first pastorate, and began his second term of service in October, 1878. The first work that was done was to repair the parsonage, so that it was made a very comfortable home for the pastor. In this review of the forty years’ history of the Baptist church of Circleville, we find that over twenty years of that time they had no pastor and no regular service. There have been connected with them, from first to last, two hundred and eight members. ‘They have had nine pastors—I. k. Brownson, J. A. Peters, H. Billings, E. Lyons, W. D. Woodruff, D. A. Randall, B. Bedell, J. Chambers and J. Adams; four deacons—A. King, G. M. - Peters, J. J. Bugh and F. L. Lemon; thirteen clerks-— N. Newton, S. K. Greenleaf, E. Lamb, E. P. Peters, G. # 190 Dalton, W. C. Gildersleeve, C. T. Emerson, L. L. Wood- ruff, W. H. H. Stone, W. H. C. Dodson, A. C. Elster, 5. Ward and L. D. Lyon; seven Sunday-school superin- tendents—G. M. Peters, E. P. Peters, Dr. S. H. Potter, L. L. Woodruff, A. C. Elster, S. Ward and F. L. Lemon. For the year 1877 and the present year [1879] they have maintained mission Sunday-schools; of the school for the year 1877, which was located three miles in the country, L. D, Lyon was superintendent, and of the school estab- lished this year, in town, Dr. J. C. King is superintendent. | CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In 1838, just after the disruption of the Presbyterian denomination, the Central Presbyterian congregration was formed. In the old church, known as the “ First,” the minister, Mr. Putnam, and a majority, voted to join the New School branch. building. The minority withdrew peaceably and came down town to organize an Old School church—the one now called the “Central.” Of the sixteen or seventeen persons who formed it, only one is now remaining. ‘They held a meeting in ‘“’Squire” Bell’s parlor, in the house now owned by Mr. L. S. Scovil. Dr. James Hoge, of Columbus, organized them asa church. In various parlors they worshipped. It was “the church in the house.” Out on one of the streets called East street, which started from the center of the town like the spokes from the hub of a wheel—for the town was circular— stood the old brick academy. Here, for a time, the Old School Presbyterians worshipped. Rey. George Wells, a young man, became the first pastor. He was ordained and installed at a meeting held in the Lutheran church. The audiences increased, the house became too small, and the Rev. Mr. Roof, of the Lutheran church—a warm personal friend of. Elder Matthew McCrea—tendered the use of the Lutheran church. For two years the congregation worshipped there every two weeks. Subsequently they rented a large room in the building called Olds’ block—a room over the Wallace dry-goods store. room was occupied as a liquor saloon Hon. Samuel Galloway, one evening, beginning a temperance address in-the church room above, rose and gravely said: “There's a Spirit above and a spirit below ; The Spirit above is a Spirit divine- - The spirit below is a spirit of wine.” But the people were not satisfied with a room merely; they wanted a house and home of their own for worship. | | | | | They retained the old site and , The lower ° HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. a died; and Mr. McKennon became their next minister. Soon he was succeeded by Rev. Milton A. Sackett. Mr. James McCoy donated to the church the lot of ground whereon their present edifice stands. A sub- scription of one thousand six hundred dollars was made, and the coggregation began to build. Six thousand five hundred dollars were finally expended on the building. For two years the basement only was used for worship. | Then the upper room was finished, and, in 1865, June 3d, the church was dedicated to the service of God. The ministers present, besides the pastor, were Rev. | W.C. Anderson, 1D. D., of Chillicothe, Rev. Josiah D. Smith, of Columbus, and Rev. J. M. Lowrie, of Lancas- ter. The dedication sermon was by Mr. Smith; text— “We have thought of thy loving kindness, O Lord, in the midst of thy temple.” Mr. Sackett, the pastor, removed, and Rev. George L. Kalb, now of Bellfontaine, succeeded him for ten years. In the autumn of 1864 Rev. William McMillan, the present pastor, assumed the charge. The congregation increased, and the Sabbath-school, under the superin- tendence of Mr. A. McCrea, so enlarged that there was not room enough in the lower chamber. It was the larg- est school in the synod of Columbus, Old School. In January, 1869, the building was enlarged by twenty feet in length. In 1873 repairs again were needed, and the entire roof was removed, the walls heightened, and the present elegant architecture finished. ST. JOSEPH’S (ROMAN CATHOLIC) CHURCH. The first religious services held in this place, accord- ing to the forms of the Roman Catholic communion, were, in the spring of 1841, at the house ot Mrs. Turner. The next were in the fall of the same year, at the house of Andrew Lynch. The old church was situated on Franklin street, directly north of the spot where the first Presbyterian church now stands. ‘The ground (which was purchased of Thomas Huston for a small sum) was partly covered by the ditch and embankments of the old circle. The people turned out ev masse, Protestants as well as Catholics, to fill up _ the ditch and prepare the ground for the building. This Elder Matthew McCrea said he would build a church on | his own lot, if they could not get one elsewhere. They leased ground where now is Wagner's grocery store, and reared a little frame church. .\ thankful company they were. They put a little bell up in the cupola, and elders and ladies’ hands pulled that bell rope and rang the peo- ple to worship. A noted revival came upon them in that little house. But their five years’ lease expired. ‘Their house was purchased and moved across the street. It is now the hardware store of Mr. Ensworth. ‘The congregation moved again into Olds’ block, and wor- shipped in the lower room. Mr, Wells, their pastor, was commenced in 1843, but not finished till 1846. When this church was begun, there were only four per- manent families connected with the society, viz.: Bar- nard Riley, Andrew Lynch, George Myers, and John McLane. A good many new families were brought in by the building of the first turnpike, which was com- menced about this time. The parsonage, connected with the old church, was built in 1854, at a cost of about two thousand dollars. The whole was sold in 1868 for about two thousand five hundred dollars, and the price was put into the new church, ‘The ground for this fine brick edifice, which is situated on Mound street, was bought of Henry F. Page for about | fourteen hundred dollars, and presented to the church by one of its most liberal benefactors, Edward Smith. The building was commenced in the summer of 1866, the foundation only being laid that year. and roofed the year following. It was enclosed Services were first held [For biography of Judge Hedges, see History of Pickaway Bar.] HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. in it in 1868, s, although it was not then seen That work was done in 1869. The pews, altar, pulpit, etc., were put in in 1870, and finally, in 1874, it was brought to its present state of completion. The entire cost of the building was about fifteen thousand dollars, which was raised by the liberal contributions of many outside of the church, as well as by the self-denying liberality of all those in it. The elegant and commodious parsonage, adjacent to the church, was built in 1871 or ’72, at the cost of about twenty-five hundred dollars. The priests who have ministered to this church are named (in the order of their service) as follows : Father Young, Father Junker (both of whom after-— wards became bishops), P. Tschieder, Michael Ford, I. N. Thisse, I. D. Duffy, Edward Fitzgerald, C. L. Pindar, Sergius Stchoulepnikoff, A. M. Marzeand, D. B. Cull, and A. O. Walker, who is the present incumbent. THE SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH (AFRICAN) was organized in the year 1856, by the Rev. William Norman, with three communion members, namely, Lucy Winters, Enoch Weaver, and Sarah Hollinsworth. For some time their meetings were held in the houses of the members, but before the first year was ended they had purchased a lot for a church, with a dwelling house on it, which was used for their religious services till 1869. This lot is on the corner of Water and Mill streets. It was bought for six hundred dollars, and was paid for by the end of the fourth year. Their present substantial brick edifice was built in 1869, at a cost of four thousand five hundred dollars. Quite a heavy debt was incurred in the building, which was secured by a mortgage on the property; but this debt, also, was wiped out by the end of the fourth year, and they are now even with the world, as every church ought to be. The succession in the pastorate is as follows: William Norman, Grayson Jones, Elder Day, from Springfield; Jesse Meeks, Andrew Hunt, Wm. Norman (second term), Andrew Hunt (second term), Wallace Shelton, and Will- iam Nash, whose ministry began October 23, 1878, and who is still serving. The membership, at the present time, numbers one hundred and twenty-nine. We cannot help thinking that this is a very creditable record for a people who have so much to struggle against as the Africans have in this country. William Norman, the patriarch of this little flock, has long enjoyed the confidence and esteem of this commu- nity. He isa mulatto, with almost Caucasian features, and as he evidently does not regard cleanliness as the chief of the moral virtues, he might.pass for a European of rather untidy habits. He was born near Richmond, Virginia, about the year 1815, his father being a slave and his mother a free woman. At the age of eight years he was taken to Tennessee and ‘“‘bound out” to a certain Dr. Calhoun. Being cruelly treated, he ran away from his master at about eighteen years gf age, and, after passing through the usual experiences of a fugitive slave, he found himself, in 1833, in Chillicothe. There he re- aS | | 1g mained till 1856. About the year 1841 he became con- verted and was baptized. “picked up” Two years later, having considerable education, and being some- what gifted in discourse, he was ordained to the ministry of the Baptist communion by Elder W. Shelton. He settled here in 1857, having been here a year before in the capacity of missionary, and assisted, as above stated, in the organization of the church of which he was the first pastor and has always been the main pillar. He _ has acted as the financial agent of the congregation in | the purchase of their property and in the building of their church; has raised most of the subscriptions col- lected here and elsewhere to aid in paying their debts, and has contributed largely from his own earnings for the same object. Even when acting’ as pastor of the church, he has always followed some temporal calling. Like the early apostles, he believes in immersion and deals in fish. By industry and the closest economy, he has amassed a nice little property of about four thousand dollars. Long may he live to enjoy the fruits of his labor. CALVARY CHURCH OF THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. This church was organized by the Ohio conference, in 1869, under the pastoral charge of Rev. Wm. Whitting- ton, missionary. In 1871, Rev. Jesse Lerch succeeded Rey. W. Whittington, and labored for three years with success and acceptability. In May, 1874, Rev. Vander- sall became the pastor, and labored for three years with success. In April, 1877, Rev. S.S. Condo was stationed in charge of the church, and is now spending his third year successfully. Since the organization of this church it has continued to prosper, year after year, and is the most prosperous church in the city. At the close of the two years’ labor of its first pastor, its membership was sixty-two. Its pres- ent membership is two hundred. Its sustains a Sunday- school of two hundred and sixty scholars, and a Young Mens’ Christian association. Pastors cannot remain longer than three years, according to the laws of the church. CIRCLEVILLE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.* Previous to 1820, according to the recollection of the oldest inhabitants, all the schools held in Pickaway county were sustained entirely by subscription, and the only branches taught were reading, writing and arithme- tic. The school-houses, even in Circleville, were log houses of a single room. These were made comfortable by seaming the cracks with tempered clay, and light, by pasting oiled paper over the latticing in the window-holes, cut through the unhewn logs. Slabs, on rude legs, sup- plied sittings, and other slabs along the walls, supported on pins fixed at a proper slope in the logs, beneath the windows, were the convenient “ writing benches” of that day. Dilworth’s spellers, readers and arithmetic, were among the first text-books used here, unchanged from before the adoption of our federal currency. ‘The first reading ‘Written by Superintendent M. H. Lewis for the Centennial volume entitled “ Historical Sketches of Ohio Public Schools.” 192 classes began with the New Testament. - The introduc- tion, later, of Webster’s speller and the Columbian orator, helped greatly to a more definite grading of classes. Lindley Murray’s works afterwards gave an impetus to improved teaching. Johnston Hunter was a successful teacher of this ear- her time, down to 1818. He taught ina log house, of the kind described, just south of the present market space. In another similar building, not far south of the present High street building, Hans Hamilton kept school. Hugh Hannagan is spoken of as a teacher of excellent parts, but as often partaking too freely of the “liquid hospitality” of the country. Marked improvement in the schools took place after 1820, when teachers of a superior class, and of profes- sional pride, were employed. Of. these, we name Hon. Joseph Olds, Dr. Edson B. Olds, Dr. M. Brown and Hon. J. C. Groom. No common schools, entirely free, can be said to have been established here until after the passage of the school law of 1838. Soon after, the Little academy was built by the district. It stood beside the Circleville academy, the best private school here at that time, or afterwards, and consisted of a single room. By the boys who went to the pay-school, it was mockingly denominated the “kitchen school.” Pine desks ran around the walls, be- hind which, raised a step or two above the floor, sat the larger scholars, while the little ones were seated on benches ranged in front upon the floor, and facing the middle of the room. Other district schools were held in rooms about town wherever they could be had. ‘Till 1849, male teachers were mainly employed, at about twenty dollars per month. The county examiners tested them by law, only in the three R’s, but added their qual- ifications in other branches if they desired to teach them. For such extra teaching the scholars were required to pay. There were three directors elected by the people. George Gearhart, of whom mention will again be made, was a director from 1838 to 1849. ‘The school funds were derived from the State school tax creating a State fund of two hundred thousand dollars; from township school lands, and from interest on procceds of “section sixteen.” No special provision was made for the books or tuition of indigent pupils. The charity of the benev- olent afforded some help of this kind. Judge H. N. Hedges, George Gearhart, esy., and the Oxte Common School Director, conducted in 1838, by Hon. Samuel Lewis, first State school commissioner, are the sources of the facts narrated under this topic, [This account of the early schools of Circleville is so meagre that the editors feel bound to add the few facts they have been able to glean in regard to them. In the Circlerille Herald and Ohio Olive Branch, bear- ing date September 11, 1830, we find the advertisement of a “female seminary,” taught by the Misses Streeter, who, having rented two rooms in Mr. McCracken’s brick HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND row of buildings, and fitted up the same, were prepared — to teach all the branches usually taught in female schools. The terms of tuition were certainly sufficiently moderate, varying from two to four dollars per quarter. PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. The facilities for obtaining an education must have been ample in those early times; for we find that, eight years later, when Atwater’s history of Ohio was published, the town of Circleville contained, (as stated in that work) “four churches and about ¢zelzve schools—one or two, for young ladies, deserving great praise, and receiving it.” Yen years later, that is, in the spring of 1848, Mr. C. C. Neibling, a native of Lancaster, Ohio, came to this place and opened a select school for boys only, under the patronage of some of the best citizens of the town. His school consisted of about forty scholars, the maximum number that he would receive. His charges were four dollars per scholar, for each quarter of sixty days, payable in advance. ‘The enterprise continued to flourish very successfully for about four years, or until the union schools were inaugurated. The free system soon taught the professor that his ‘occupation was gone,” and he therefore left the profession and went into other business. He was a good mathematician, a laborious teacher, and very pains-taking with his pupils. As a consequence, his school achieved a high degree of success. He still re- sides in Circleville, and is now the city engineer. In an old paper of 1850 we find an advertisement of the “Circleville female seminary,” taught by Benjamin M. Ludden and wife, with three other teachers. Thése were succeeded, in the same year, by the Rev. W. S. Spaulding and wife, with two other teachers. In the same paper of about a year later, we find a no- tice of a select school taught by Lucy M. Atwater, who was afterward associated in the same school with R. A. Foster. We are painfully aware that this is a very imperfect showing of the early educational history of Circleville; but it is all we can find room for, and, at the same time, insert, as we desire to do, the full and complete history of the graded schools which follows.—Ens. | On September 11, 1849, John Cradlebaugh, S. A. Moore, Joseph G. Doddridge, Jacob Rutter, Chester Olds, and seven others, issued a call to the qualified electors of the town of Circleville to assemble on the 22d prox. and “then and there to vote, by ballot, for or against the, adoption of an act for the better regulation of the public schools, ete., passed by the general assembly of Ohio on the twenty-first of February, 1840.” Ninety- seven ballots were cast on the day designated, of which “eighty-seven were for school law, nine against school law, and one blank;’ whereupon the act of assembly aforesaid was declared adopted by the town of Circleville. On the fourth day of October following, six directors ,of public schools were elected. This board, in the suc- ceeding December, resolved that it was “inexpedient to open free schools in this district until such time as the board of directors can procure or build a suitable house to accommodate the scholars.” During the two or three months succeeding the pass- age of this resolution, a somewhat sharp division of views seems to have arisen, in and out of the board, as to whether it were better to erect a small school-house in each ward, suitable to accommodate its scholars, or ‘to “erect one school-house in this district of sufficient size DAVID B. WAGNER. The life of the subject of this brief biography illustrates the success that attends quiet, honest endeavor and well-directed industry, without the assistance of early advantages or the aid of particularly favorable chance or circumstance. David B. Wagner was the son of Jacob and Mary (Bryant) Wagner, natives of Pennsylvania, and among the earliest settlers of Greenfield township, Fairfield county, Ohio. They were the parents of ten chil- dren, five boys and five girls, of whom the subject of this sketch was the first-born. Fairfield county was the place of his nativity, and the time, November 14, 1822. He passed his boyhood days in the manner com- mon to the youth of the farm, and attended the common district schools of his neighborhood, receiving the best instruction attainable at that time and in the locality where he lived, but not enjoying the advantages of an advanced education, which most of the young are now offered. He acquired, however, through his own endeavors and by close appli- cation and diligence, a fair knowledge of books, which he has, during his whole life, been supplementing with what he has obtained from reading and observation. In the early years of his manhood he taught school eight terms—three before and five after his marriage—giving very general satisfaction. His regular occupation, however, was farming, and he followed it until his removal to his present place of residence, in 1854. Mr. Wagner married, January 19, 1845, Leah (daughter of the fa- mous Evangelical preacher, the Rev. John Dreisbach), who is still living. The offspring of this union were four children, all of whom are living except one, The eldest, John D., was born January 23, 1846—married Elizabeth Feller, and is now living in Hancock county, Ohio; Jacob was born July 25, 1847, and is living with his parents, in Circleville; as is also Jennie, the youngest, born September 18, 1859; Mary Francis, the third child, was born March 25, 1851, and died September 6, 1852. Mr. Wagner's life, since 1854, has been identified with Circleville, and he has been, during all the years that have passed subsequent to that date, one of the town’s representative business men and substantial citizens. He commenced his mercantile career immediately on coming to Circleville, in the dry goods and grocery business, as a member of Einsel, Wagner & Co. Louis Einsel was the senior member, and the junior, Jacob E. Dreisbach. Mr. Wagner remained in this firm, which did business on West Main street, where Joseph Wallace now is, until September 5, 1859, when he opened, in partnership with Martin E. Dreisbach, a grocery store. When this partnership was dissolved Mr. Wagner conducted the business alone until 1865, when he associcted with himself Andrew Nonnamaker, under the firm name of D. B, Wagner & Co, Just at this time the war coming toaclose, prices went suddenly down, and, in common with most of the merchants of the country, Mr. Wagner suffered a loss. Although he had just associated with himself a partner, he bore alone, by his own voluntary proposal, the entire loss occasioned by the falling of values on goods which they had in stock, previously invoiced. After the partnership of Mr. Wag- ner and Mr. Nonnamaker had existed four years it was dissolved by mutual consent, and Mr. Wagner took into his business Mr. B. H. Moore, who remained with him one year. At the expiration of that period Mr. Wagner and his son John formed a partnership, and re- mained in business together five years. After that the firm name be- came D. B. Wagner & Co., the company being Jacob Rife, and, as a silent partner, M. E. Dreisbach. The business was continued for five years under this name and style, and then changed to that which at present exists—D. B. Wagner & Rife. Mr. Wagner, ever since his first business partnership, has been, through the several changes, the senior member of the different firms, and has furnished the greater part of the capital used. He has been popular as a tradesman, and suc- cessful in his business. During all of the years since he began, Mr. ‘Wagner has given the business he has been engaged in his personal at- tention and supeivision. He has taken no part in public affairs, except that which every good citizen does, and has not been connected actively with the political movements of the times, though he has had much in- terest in them, and been an intelligent observer of men and measures. He originally was a Democrat, but left that party at the time of the free soil issue, and afterwards became a Republican. His vote has since been, on all questions of National or State importance, with that party. ; Mr. Wagner's religious affiliation is with the Evangelical Association. He has been for forty years a member of this church, and is one of its class-leaders. He is a prominent Sunday-school worker, and has been superintendent of the Calvary Sunday-school of the Evangelical Asso- ciation ever since its organization—nearly ten years. It is not inap- propriate to add, in this connection, that this school was organized by Mr. Wagner as a mission school. He expected and endeavored al secure assistance in the labor and expense of conducting it, but was un- successful, and not wishing to have the project prove a failure, continued it alone. He purchased the library at his own expense, and virtutoy gave the entire support that the school received in its inception and in- fancy. It is now in a very flourishing condition. ‘ Iw GEORGE HITLER, son of George and Susannah (Gay) Hitler, was born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, September 27, 1798. His father was a native of Mary- land, but removed with his parents to Franklin county, Pennsylvania, when young; and in 1793, having then a family of wife and two chil- dren, settled in Somerset county, in the same State, where the subject of our sketch was born, as already stated. In April, 1799, Mr. Hitler sr., emigrated to Ohio. His family made the journey down the Ohio river, - to the mouth of the Scioto, on a flat-boat, Mr. Hitler himself bringing through a number of horses for himself and others. From the mouth of the Scioto the journey was with team and wagon, the wagon being said to have been the second that ever came up the Scioto valley. At this time there were but two log houses in Chillicothe, and the country was almost a complete wilderness. Mr. Hitler, sr., settled on the lower plains, in Pickaway town- ship, but subsequently located on Scippo creek, on land then owned by Benjamin Duncan. In 1804 he bought and settled in Washington town- ship, section thirty-three, where he died, April 2, 1818, and his wife, September 16, 1848. In 1819 George Hitler, in connection with his brother Jacob, pur- chased a quarter section of land in the south part of Washington town- ship, which land is now owned by his son, Thomas L. Hitler. Upon this farm they raised wheat, which they manufactured into flour and shipped on flat-boats to New Orleans. This they found far more remu- Nerative than to séll the grain at home, which brought at one time only twenty-five cents per bushel. The first trip was made by Jacob, in 1819, and each of the brothers subsequently made five separate trips, covering a period of ten years. George Hitler, on one occasion, was fifty days in going from Boggsville to New Orleans. He returned on a steamer, and was about three months in making the round trip. Mr. Hitler was married June 14, 1829, to Hannah Ludwig, daughter of Thomas and Catharine Ludwig. He settled on his first purchase, and resided there until 1838, when he located where he now lives. Mr. Hitler's occupation has been that of a farmer, and his career has been a very successful one, owning at this time about one thousand acres of land. While practicing a wise economy in the expenditure of his means, he has always been liberal in his support of every object which he considered worthy of it. Mr. Hitler has reached the good old age of eighty-one, and few, it any, of the inhabitants of Pickaway county can date, as he can, their first residence here back to 1799. Save a little rheumatism, his health is almost as good as it ever was. He is a man of energy, of character, and of strict integrity. His wife died July 3, 1863. They had seven children, as follows: Eliza, born July 4, 1830—died August 21, 1831; Mary, born October 30, 1831—married Daniel Hosler, and is now deceased ; Catharine, born December 16, 1835—became the wife of Amos Hoffman, and died No- vember 25, 1858; Eleanor, born November 22, 1833—died January 21, 1837; Susannah, born March 2g, 1840, is the wife of Alexander Ross, and resides in Indiana; Thomas L., born April 4, 1842— married, De- cember 14, 1876, Martha A. Lindsey, and lives in Washington town- ship; George W. married, February 21, 1878, Ida Lutz, and occupies the home farm. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. and capacity to accommodate all the children of the town.” Finally, it was decided to hold a meeting of the people at the court house, March 18, 1850, to decide by ballot “for or against levying a tax to build a school- house.” Three hundred and eighty votes were polled; one hundred and sixty were for tax and two hundred and twenty against tax, being a majority of sixty against the tax. This result, so far as the writer has been able to ascertain, did not spring at all from opposition to taxa- tion for the support of free schools, but entirely from op- position to the evident purpose of the board’ to build but one house in a central location. It was deemed by the stronger party impracticable, if not absurd, to attempt to gather six to eight hundred children into one edifice for daily instruction. So many could not be profitably and healthfully provided for under one roof, nor could there be efficient government of such masses on the school grounds. Other reasons, no doubt, of a local nature, operated to strengthen the popularity of the decentraliz- ing policy of the opposition. Determined in their original purpose, the board now took measures to enlighten the people on this question. In May, of the same year, William C. Taylor and George Gearhart were selected by the board to visit Massillon, Akron, Cincinnati, and other towns and cities, for the purpose of “examining school-houses, and any and all matters connected therewith.” Besides, Dr. D. A. Lord, then superintendent of the union schools of Columbus, was invited to address the citizens of Circleville, at the Lutheran church, on education and the organization of public schools under the law of 1849. Messrs. Taylor and Gearhart returned from their tour of the cities full of enthusiasm in behalf of the union school-house plan, and armed with facts and figures which wrought a speedy change in the public mind. Again, on the tenth of June, 1850, an election was held at the court house to decide “the levying of a tax of nine thousand dollars, to be called for as follows, to-wit: three thousand dollars in one year, three thousand dollars in two years, and three thousand dollars in three years, to enable the board of education to purchase ground and build a school- house.” The motion before the board, calling for such vote, further proposed that, in the event of an approving vote, ‘Messrs. W. W. Bierce and George Gearhart should be a committee to purchase of the heirs of E. Everts their out-lot (known as Everts’ Hill) at a price not to ex- ceed eight hundred dollars, and also of John Irwin and widow Darst portions of their in-lots, adjoining said out- : lots, for an entrance to the same.” The result of the election was very gratifying to the enlightened and public-spirited men, who, for nearly a year, had used every honorable endeavor to establish in Circleville as excellent a system of graded public schools as existed anywhere in the State. A majority of one hundred and seventeen votes decided in favor of levying the tax. The Everts property was promptly secured of O. E. Niles and others (heirs of E. Everts), and also the in-lots alluded to above. A commemorative word should be added with regard to this Everts’ Hill property. Mr. E. Everts was, for 25 | -with all its appurtenances, at auction. 193 many years before this period, an carnest and successful school teacher of this district. In a log house of two rooms, an upper and a lower, standing near the old oak just east of the present Everts building, he held a popu- lar school. Many of our older citizens bear grateful testimony to the unwavering zeal he showed in behalf of the establishment in Circleville and throughout the State of a graded public school system, supported liberally by direct tax, and free to all of school age in each district. ‘Though this property was not large, yet he determined, if such a system could be established in his day, to donate this hill property to the town as a site. His views were in advance of his time. In his will, this out- lot of nearly four acres was to be sold by the heirs to the school district, if devoted forever to educational purposes, for the nominal sum of one thousand dollars. The heirs, in the true spirit of the testator, offered it to the board for eight hundred dollars, though at the time it would have yielded several thousands in town lots. Besides the sum of nine thousand dollars provided for by tax, the treasurer of the board, Col. S. A. Moore, reported having received, up to January 14, 1851, from district and township treasurers, and from State school fund, in full, one thousand four hundred and sixty-one dollars. Early in January, 1851, Messrs. William C. Taylor and Stanley Cook submitted a plan for a school-house ‘to be known by the name of Union school-house,” which was unanimously adopted. Contracts were at once made (as far as practicable, with the mechanics of Pickaway county) for the material and building of the Union school-house, and Thomas Pedrick was appointed super- intendent to oversee its construction. The old district school-house, called the Little academy, standing beside the Circleville academy, near what is now Watt street, between Court and Pickaway, was sold, Still further funds were raised by increasing the annual levy beyond the amount necessary to meet the regular expenditures for schools when opened, and by the issue of bonds payable after certain dates, with interest at from eight to ten per cent. The building moved rapidly forward to completion, and was ready for occupancy in November, 1852. I transcribe from the Ofio Journal of Education for 1853 the following account of this new edifice. The no- tice in the Jowrnal is accompanied with an excellent full- page cut of the building and grounds: “THE CIRCLEVILLE UNION SCHOOL-HOUSE, | “This building, which is pleasantly situated on a lot of four acres, is ninety-six feet long by sixty-nine feet wide. It is three stories high above the basement, and contains fifteen school-rooms. Connected with each room is a closet, which is furnished with a wash-stand, looking-glass, combs, and all the paraphernalia of a dressing-room. “Neat and commodious apartments are fitted up in the basement for the residence of 9 janitor. “Two of Chilson’s No. 6 furnaces are placed in the basement, which afford ample means for heating the house. In each hall is a large cooler, which is constantly supplied with fresh water. We no- ticed, among other things, on looking over a neat pamphlet of sixteen pages, giving a very clear account of the organization of this promising school, that a janitor is employed, who has entire charge of the fur- naces, keeping the rooms clean, providing water, ringing the bell, etc. Tod HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. This is as it should be. It is the poorest kind of economy to compel teachers or scholars to make fires and sweep the school-rooms, though no better arrangement can be expected till the plan of erecting large buildings is adopted. “The cost of the house and grounds, when the latter is ornamented, will be about thirty thousand dollars.” Three of the lower rooms were furnished with long pine benches, divided into what are known as box seats; the boxes constituting the partitions between scholars along the settee, and serving as deposits for books and slates. The remaining rooms—as many as were needed at first, nine in number—were supplied with double desks of walnut, the best of the day. ‘he lower middle room on the first floor was used as an exercise room for the primaries, especially in unpleasant weather. The middle room of the third floor was used for morning ex- ercises, and was long denominated the chapel. The school revenues were derived from the State com- mon-school fund, from interest on school-lands, or ‘‘sec- tion sixteen,” from foreign tuition fund, and from an an- nual tax levied each year on the school district, and called special tuition fund. Besides the names given as signers of the call to adopt for Circleville the law of 1849, there are several others worthy of honorable mention, because of their activity in securing the adoption of the union-school system, and in consummating this movement by the completion of the noble edifice described, and by the admirable organiza- tion of schools adopted as soon as the rooms were thrown open to the scholars of District No. three. Such a list must at least include William C. Taylor, first president of the board; Col. S. A. Moore, first treasurer; W. W. Bierce, George Gearhart, George W. Myers, and Dr. Wayne Gris- wold, president of the board for four years from 1850. At a meeting of the school board held in May, 1852, Messrs. Griswold, Bierce and Moore were appointed a committee to secure, by correspondence or visitation, a superintendent and other teachers to take charge of the, public schools. This committee reported at the August meeting that they had visited Cincinnati, Columbus, and other places, and had attended the teachers’ convention at Sandusky, and that they felt full confidence in report- ing the name of John Lynch, of Ashland, as one well qualified to act as superintendent of the Circleville public schools. ‘The report was accepted, and John Lynch was unanimously chosen as the principal of said schools, at one thousand dollars per annum, It was resolved on this occasion “that the teachers to be employed in the union school shall he one superin- tendent, with one male assistant and cleven female assistants ; and that in the selection of teachers by this board preference shall be given, other qualifications being equal, to those who intend to make the business of teach- ing a permanent employment.” A board of examiners was also appointed, consisting of John Lynch, Chauncey N. Olds, and H. N. Bishop. The schools were opened on the 22d of November, 1852, with the twelve assistant teachers. In October, Mr. Lynch, by direction of the board, prepared and reported a system of rules for the govern- ment of the schools, course of study, and a list of text- books. ‘These regulations, but slightly sailed and with a few additions, remain in force to this day. Il GROWTH OF THE SYSTEM. I present herewith, in tabular form, the more import- ant statistics as far as they can now be obtained by dili- vent research, of the first year of the schools, ending June, 1853; of the third year, ending June, 1855, when the system had been thoroughly tested under Mr. Lynch’s superior management, and of every tenth year thereafter: 1853. | 1855. | 1865. 1875. Number of pupils enumerated.........-0000+- 0-05 1201 | 1292 | 1800 | 1903 Number of pupils enrolied...........c00eeceeeeee 845 | 813 | 875 | 1300 Averige daily attendance...cn0scccacesewerene sane es 532 | 650] 803 Number of teachers.,.....-...+0+. Pert 13 15 25 Number of school rooms............ 15 16 24 Number of grades or departments......°° 7" "7s. .5-- 4 4 5 5 Number of weeks in session 2 28 40 40 40 Amouns paid teachers $3216 |$3466 |$6g10$ 10917 . [12597 |14003 ‘Total expendisures...... ayrens ||) aisle Value of school property . 145000 '45000 145000 |80000 The public schools reached at once a marked degree of popularity, which they have steadily maintained. The Circleville academy and all other private schools were closed in 1852. ‘They have never been re-opened, nor have other pay schools gained foothold since. All classes, without distinction of politics, religion, or wealth, have freely patronized the public schools, and fostered them by the election of directors who have labored wisely and disinterestedly in the discharge of their re- sponsible trust. IV. IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM. Before the close of Mr. Lynch’s supervision, beginning Latin and algebra were introduced into the ninth year of the A grammar grade, and under Mr. Barney, United States history became a required study in the eighth year, and physical geography in the ninth. In 1873, superintendent Smart removed the Latin of senior gram- mar to first year of high school. At this time, the sexes were seated in different rooms in the high school and grammar grades. Several changes in the course of study and text-books were cllected during the administration of Mr. Smart. He had a text-book on English grammar first begun in the junior instead of the senior grammar, and language lessons in the grades below. Mitchell’s geographies were -supplanted by the eclectic series ; oral geography took the place of the introductory book in the primary grade, and the text-book was begun in the intermediate, to be completed in the grammar. Oral instruction in numbers was substituted in the first three years for Ray’s earlier and Ray’s intellectual and third part begun re- spectively in the fourth and sixth years. ‘The quadrennial report, in reference to music, issued by C. S. Smart, in 1874, says: “In 1870, the board em- ployed a special teacher of music, who, each week, gave hook, “a lesson of one hour to each room of the departments above the primary. Thus music continued to be taught in each white school. It was considered an optional study, and but one text-book was used from the inter- mediate through the ninth"year. “The rudiments of penmanship,” says the quadren- nial report, “Care taught in the lowest grades by the use ELIZABETH C. DARST, Editress of the Circleville Herald, and a sketch of whose ancestry appears elsewhere, was born and educated in Circleville, being valedictorian of the high school, class of 1865. From that time until she assumed the editorial and financial charge of the Herald, Miss Darst was a constant contributor to the press of Circleville, and her poems, over the signature of “ Kenneth,” have been copied from their columns, and from the Standard of the Oross, The Modern Argo, and other papers into the leading literary journals of New York, Philadelphia, and cities of Canada. The Record of the Year, a maga- zine devoted to gathering the brightest articles from the newspapers to give them a permanent form, has included many of Miss Darst’s productions in its pages. As a journalist Miss Darst has endeavored to do her work thoroughly, to make a newspaper which should be interesting and reliable, and to ask no favors or con- cessions simply because it was the work of a lady. She was the special correspondent of, and not an infrequent writer of longer letters to, the Cincinnati Enquirer for a couple of years, and is at present employed by the Cin- emnatt Commercial. She has also been a contributor to the Columbus Herald, and other. papers of the capital city. Editorial paragraphs from the Circleville Herald have been copied frequently by the press of the larger cities, and the financial plank of the Herald’s platform —“there is no honest way to get a dollar but to earn one, and the dollar so earned should be so good a dollar that it buys a dollar’s worth the world over’—went the rounds of the New York, Chicago, and Cincinnati dailies. Pages might be filled with the always cordial, but some- times amusing, allusions of the editors of this State to the nove] claimant for fraternal honors, but the sum of them may be given in the appreciative words of the Springfield Republic: “If any one questions a woman’s ability to run a newspaper, the answer is, Miss Lillie Darst.” HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. of slates and pencils. Copy-books, pens and ink are not used until the last term of the fourth year. The teachers are required to give instruction each day as it is needed.” On the opening of the new High street building, under the supervision of M. H. Lewis, in the spring of 1875, the secondaries were increased from four to six, the pri- maries from three to six, and, at the close of the school year, the primaries were increased to eight, and the ninth year of the senior grammar became the first year of the high school, while the sexes, heretofore separate, were seated in the same rooms in the grammar and high school grades. During the same period (since February, 1875), the word and phonic method was adopted for beginners in the lowest primary. Very much less was made, through the three lower departmets, of oral and concert spelling, and more of written spelling and individual drill. Each scholar was required to keep lists of his misspelled words and undergo a drill upon them at the close of the week. The use of McGuffey’s speller was dropped from the |; fourth year to the eighth, and the spelling of all words used, in reader and other recitations, in every grade, re- quired, and examinations held upon them. Music was also placed upon a different footing in the fall of 1875. The single bulky and ungraded volume formerly in use was superseded by Jepson’s graded music readers, the first book being introduced in the fourth year. Oral instruction was begun in the first year. The study was made obligatory in all except the grammar grades, and lessons of from fifteen to twenty minutes each were given daily by the special and regular teachers, alternately. The same plan was carried out in the colored as in the white schools. In the third term of 1875, a special teacher in writing was employed. Slate writing, with ruled lines, was begun in the first term of the first year, followed, in the next, by lead pencil writing. The copy-book was begun in the second year, and pen and ink, with advanced copy-books, in the third year. The special and regular teachers al- ternate in charge of classes in both white and colored schools. It has added greatly to the efficiency of the schools, in this branch, that about the same time with these changes, the board determined to supply the com- mon schools with slate and lead pencils, pen-holders and pens, and exercise paper. Except the German, adopted as an elective study in the last two years of the high school, taught by the regu- lar teachers, no facilities were afforded for the pursuit of this language by the large number of pupils of German parentage or extraction in the schools. ‘The fall terin of 1875 opened with ample provision made for the study of German in the ten upper schools, beginning with the junior secondaries. A special teacher—a lady of Ger- man parentage, thoroughly éducated—gives daily instruc- — tion to all in these schools whose parents wish them to take German in addition to the regular English course. The school exercises are so arranged that the German teacher can have her classes in the several rooms during the general study hour. Over two hundred scholars are ‘now (December, 1875,) under such instruction. 195 It. is worthy of remark, that successive examinations evidence no falling off in the scholarship of those who pursue this additional study, while there has been a marked gain in facility of expression and quickness of parts. Examinations of pupils of all grades during M. Lynch’s supervision were conducted by him orally, at the close of each term. .These examinations, in connection with the average of daily recitations, determined the advance- ment of the pupils. Mr. Barney continued these oral examinations, but under the charge of several teachers, and made them occasions of special public interest, on which great numbers attended to witness the exercises. These tests, averaged with the daily records, fixed the success or failure of pupils. Until 1872, semi-yearly examinations, partly oral and partly written, of the several classes of the common schools were held by Mr. Smart. From 1872, on to the close of his administration, in January, 1875, written ex- aminations for the purpose of reclassification were con- ducted by the teachers in all the rooms above the pri- mary grades, at the close of each term. Except for the high school, all the questions for the classes were made out by the superintendent. Each scholar wrote out the answers, on paper of his own furnishing, with lead pencil. The teacher examined and passed upon the papers, which | were then folded and sent to the superintendent’s office. Advancement was then based upon the general average made up from the daily class markings, the examinations and the deportment. Monthly examinations for trial were held at the option of the teachers, who furnished their own questions, and took no pains to preserve the papers. Since the spring term of 1875, Mr. Lewis has made monthly examinations, written with pen and ink upon uniform paper, furnished by the board, obligatory on all the scholars above the third year of the primary grades, including the high school. The questions are all made out in the office of the superintendent, and handed to teachers on the day of examination. The fall term opens in the common schools with a hurried review of the pre- vious year’s work. They are then pressed on in advance work, upon which monthly or six weeks’ tests are taken until the close of the second term, when a public exam- ination takes place. For a searching inspection of this | public test of all the schools, together with the modes of recitation held for the four or six weeks previously, spec- ial committees of capable citizens, interested in school work, are appointed by the board. During the third term, the monthly examinations are kept up, and, at the final one, the test covers the year’s progress. Promotions are then based upon the average of all the examinations of the year. No note is now made of the daily recitations, the in- centive of the coming examination being a sufficient spur to steady daily progress, while the teacher, uninterrupted | before the class, is free to severely sift the knowledge gained, to amplify and illustrate the points not clearly comprehended, and to block out the cnsuing tasks. ‘The papers, faced with the questions, properly labeled, neatly 196 bound, and with all the answers graded in the margin, are sent to the superintendent’s office for final revision, together with a report in full of each scholar’s per cents. in the several studies, and his average in all. In regard to the times of promotion, Mr. Smart says: “The nearest approach I have been able to make to such a classification as will accommodate the greatest number, without making the manipulation of classes too cumbrous, has been to reclassify three times in the year, and to pro- mote, at any time, pupils whom, on examination, I found prepared.” Mr. Lewis, on finding that these term promotions were, for several reasons, with so limited a corps of teachers, thwarting rather than accomplishing the objects for which graded schools were organized, returned as speedily as possible to the custom of yearly promotions, except for the first two or three years. The increased number of primaries enabled him to make this exception without disturbing the classification in the grades above. Hon- orable promotion of scholars who outstrip their fellows, and trial promotions of the large number of irregulars, made such by field-work or sickness, bridge quite safely all the difficulties of exceptional cases in grading. Improvements in school accommodations, buildings, etc., have heen made since 1853. The original building, named the “Everts,” in the spring of 1875, contains now sixteen school-rooms, with sittings for eight hundred and fifty pupils, the laboratory, and superintendent’s office. It has been furnished throughout since June, 1875, with the best single desks. ‘The school board has, of late years, added liberally, as needed, new and improved ap- paratus and chemical stores. In 1871, the board completed the Ohio street building, for colored pupils, at a cost of seven thousand dollars. It is a fine brick structure, with ample hall and two rooms. There are sittings for one hundred and fifty pupils. The rooms are furnished with execllent double desks, with charts, globes, and wall maps. The site com- mands a wide sweep of the Scioto valley and river. In the spring of £875, the High street building was completed and furnished with single desks, giving three hundred and fifty sittings. ‘Ihe edifice is architecturally beautiful, tastefully, yet substantially, finished in cvery part, and pleasantly located. It has a large entrance hall, from which the six school-rooms are vasy of access; three of these opening upon the first floor and three upon the second. ‘Three hot-air furnaces heat the rooms com- fortably in the coldest weather, while the Reutan mode of ventilation, on the exhaust principle, keeps the atmos- phere perfectly healthful. ‘The total expenditure on tkis building and surroundings has been upwards of twenty- five thousand dollars. William Doane, esq., treasurer of the board for four- teen years past, and chairman of the committee on build- ings, furnished the design of these recent structures and supervised their erection. V. ORGANIZATION OF 'THE HIGH SCHOOL, The high school was organized at the same time with the union school, November 22, 1852. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Few changes of importance have been made in the course of study ‘planned by Mr. Lynch and adopted by the board of education in 1852. The four years’ course of the high school includes the following studies: Alge- bra, physiology, zoology, botany, geometry, natural phi- losophy, chemistry, rhetoric, English, Greek, and Latin history, trigonometry, physical geography, astronomy, geology, English literature, mental and moral science, political economy, Latin, Greek, German, and French. About twenty pupils have gone from this school to college, although many more than that number have been adequately prepared. The first class graduated in 1858. There were five in the class. Sixteen classes have since graduated, with an aggregate of one hundred and twenty-nine members. Twenty-three of these were young gentlemen, and one hundred and six young ladies. The number of scholars in the high school in 1855 was eighty-six; in 1865, eighty-three, and in the fall term of 1875, eighty-nine. The changes made in conditions of admission will be found stated at length under the fourth topic. ‘The following are the high school principals, and term of service since the organization of the school: Limploved, Resigned. TM) Cotton sees + nasa c neghes gases sew OVeMber, 1852 June, 1859 John: B;, Pattorsony «sss. 2 oe Bere us sites September, 1859 June, 1860 D.N. Kinsman... ....................September, 1860 Mar., 1863 Je Np AIWAIG Re ew cecisss ald caeene Aaagays April, 1863 June, 1863 @. C. ewcater September, 1863 June, 1865 NEtOW Waters vss scc es eens deen ee September, 1865 June, 1866 Chars F, ISMUGME so 66 conan ce cules ae September, 1866 June, 1872 James H. Clendennin.....0........... September, 1872 June, 1875 Like A arta oy p ears e-chaee ay Hades September, 1875 It is impossible to gauge precisely the usefulness of the high school in this community. It has materially and beneficially affected all classes of society. Representatives of these seventeen classes are found in the college chair, in the press, in the learned profes- sions, in the counting-house, in the great railway inter- ests, In‘the navy, in the army, in our State legislature, and at the head of schools at home and abroad. ‘Twenty- four, at least, of the graduates, have been successful teachers in our public schools, of whom fourteen are still connected with them in the various grades. Besides these classes, in estimating the full usefulness and appre- ciation of the Circleville high school, large account must be made, also, of the four hundred to five hundred oth- crs, who, during the twenty-three years of its existence, have enjoyed one or more years of its advanced instruc- tion and superior training, and have then gone forth and become. citizens of influence and culture in this and other communities. Il, SUPERVISION. John Lynch, first superintendent, was elected at the opening of the union school, in the fall of 1852, and, after ten years’ service, resigned to enter the army in June, 1862. Of his very successful organization and management of the schools, much in detail has been given under the second topic. Hon. H. H. Barney, who, as State school commis- sioner, had been deservedly popular, succeeded Mr. SX JAMES McCOY. William McCoy, father of the subject of this sketch, and the portrait of whom appears elsewhere, was born in what is now the State of Del- aware, December 25, 1752. His wife, Drusilla Browning, was a native of Pennsylvania, and they were married in Huntingdon county, of that State, June 12, 1794. William McCoy followed the old time popular occupation of wagoning for twenty years, and it was while thus engaged that he met Drusilla Browning. After their marriage they emigrated to Kentucky, and in 1797 removed to the Northwest territory, and located on Kinnickinnick, which is now in Greene township, Ross county. At that time there was not a family between his location and Cleveland, and only two white families between him and Chillicothe, which was six miles south. He built upon Kinnickinnick the first mill in the Scioto valley. He moved from his first location, in 1803, to the farm in Greene township, Ross county, now occupied by D. Crouse. During the war of 1812 he was lieutenant in the Irish Gray company, and though he awaited the call of duty, his company was not called into active service. He was a man of moral and pious character, had been for a number of years a church member in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, and was the leading spirit in the organization of the Mt. Union Presbyterian church, of which he was for a long time subsequently one of the ruling elders. William McCoy's first wife died September 2, 1805. She was the mother of seven children: William, born November 26, 1795—deceased October 2, 1820; Alexander, born June 16, 1797—deceased 1877; James, born February 2, 1799; Martha, born May 9, 1800—deceased October 2, 1814; Nancy, born January 26, 1802—now deceased; John, born April 30, 1803, and Joshua, born April 2, 1805, now in Iowa. Mr. McCoy married, in 1818, as his second wife, Rebecca Wilson, and had by her three children: Joseph, born November 10, 1819; Martha, born November 15, 1822; Harriet Ann, born December 24, 1823. MRS. JAMES McCOY. William McCoy, the pioneer, parent of these ten children, died August 27, 1825. It is our purpose to give of his son, James, a further account than ‘the mere mention made of other descendants, for the reason that his long life-has been prominently identified with the history of Pickaway county. As we have said, he was born February 2, 1799. He grew to manhood upon his father’s farm, and lived there until after his mar- riage. In his early life he engaged in boating, and took several loads of flour and other provisions down the Scioto to the Ohio, and thence down the Mississippi to New Orleans. He thus obtained, at the same time, his first knowledge of ,business and of the great world outside of the quiet farm home. His first trip was made in 1819. He took one hundred and seventy-eight barrels of flour and a considerable quantity of other goods; arrived safely at New Orleans, and sold them at a fair price, but to men who were dishonest, and from whom he was never able to secure the whole of the pay. He started home June 8th, and arrived July 11th, having walked all the way from the mouth of the Mississippi, and passed through the trials of sickness, the danger of attack from Indians in the Indian Nation (now Mississippi), and the no less immi- nent danger of being robbed by lawless characters not of the red race. In 1821 he built a boat for his father, and in company with a man named John Grant, took the second trip to New Orleans. They re- turned upon a steamboat; made what was called a quick trip, and were fourteen days and ten hours coming up the river from their starting point to Louisville. In 1823 Mr. McCoy made his third commercial venture, this time going down the river upon a boat of his own, and carrying wheat and flour, on which he made a reasonable profit. Just after his return from this trip his father died, and the care of the family was, toa large extent, thrownupon him. He devoted most of his time, after that, to farming, and was a hard worker and good manager. - In 1825, on the eighth of November, he married Elizabeth, daughter of John and Nancy Entrekin, who was the sharer of his joys and sor- She died, August 23d of James and Elizabeth McCoy were the parents of four chil- rows, his failures and successes, until 1872. that year, dren, two of whom are still living. Martha Jane, born August 22, 1826, died September 4, 1829; John E., born July 30, 1830, mariied Phillip Anna Ferguson, and is now living in Lawrence, Kansas; Milton, born December 9, 1838, married Catharine Crouse, and is living at Kinnic- kinnick, Ross county; Burton, born November 24, 1842, was a musician of great natural genius. He enlisted in the army, served as leader of the Second regiment band, and died in the service, from disease, July 8, 1864. After his marriage, James McCoy continued his occupation of farm- ing. He moved, in 1826, on to the south half of section six, in Salt Creek township, and took up his home on a farm owned by his father- in-law. Tlere he remained, without intermission, until 1837, when he prepared to go west. This project was defeated by money difficulties, brought about by the suspension of the banks. He resumed work on the Salt Creek farm, and continued to reside there until 1839, when he removed to Circleville, and started, in company with Dr. Olds, in the business of pork-packing. He remained in that business for two years, and then went into the mercantile business with Messrs. Olds and Baker, under the firm name of Olds, Baker & McCoy. Seven years of his life were spent, with varying degrees of success, in this enterprise, and at the expiration of that period he retired, and purchased a farm on the Pick- away plains. He followed farming, stock raising and dealing, acted as agent for land-owners, and engaged in several other employments, from which he realized, in the aggregate, a considerable sum of money. Al- though Mr. McCoy has been an active, industrious man of business, and a good farmer, he has not, in his old age, a large accumulation of prop- erty or moneys, and this is rather creditable than not, for the cause is to be found in the many generous acts of the last half of his life. He has the reputation of having done, quietly, a great nunuber of substantial kindnesses, and has been, in every sense, a generous and liberal man to those persons and causes which have been in need and were worthy. His life has been without reproach, admirable in its earnestness and sim- plicity. Heis a member of the old school Presbyterian church, and the house upon east Main street, where he has, these many years, taken part in worship, stands upon a lot which he donated for the purpose of its erection. In politics, Mr. McCoy is a Republican, of Whig ante- cedents. ° HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 197 Lynch in September, 1862, and continued in office seven years. He resigned in 1869, withdrawing alto- gether from the cares of any avocation to that studious ease which the weight of years and his cultured tastes made desirable. Our citizens still speak with regret of the loss of this scholarly gentleman and honored citizen. Mr. C. S. Smart followed Mr. Barney in January, 1869, and resigned after six years’ service, in January, 1865, having been elected State school commissioner in Octo- ber previous. He was engaged at a salary of one thou- sand four hundred dollars, which was raised to one thou- sand eight hundred dollars at the close of the school year. Under “Improvement of the System,” mention has been made of the changes introduced by him. In February, 1875, M. H. Lewis entered upon the duties of superintendent, at a salary of one thousand eight hundred dollars. Under the appropriate topic, the changes made through his recommendations in classifica- tion and course of study have been specified. Teachers’ meetings have been held weekly, or as occa- sion required, since 1852. Mr. Lynch, for a time, had all meet at the chapel at half past seven o’clock each Saturday morning, and continue in a kind of normal- institute session until half past eleven o’clock. Later, and still, the general teachers’ meetings take place at three o’clock, afternoon, on Friday. The several super- intendents have used this hour for counsel, criticism, and general direction. Since February, 1875, it has been the practice of the superintendent to hold general teachers’ meetings only as necessary, once in two or three weeks, while two or three special or grade meetings are convened each week. In these, modes of instruction, government, and special cases are considered. At the close of 1875 the public schools are arranged as follows: 1, The high school, taught by three teachers and divided into four regular classes. 2, The common school, with four departments of two grades each, and twenty rooms. 3, The colored school, with two rooms and two teachers. Three special teachers of music, penmanship, and Ger- man, complete the corps of twenty-eight teachers. We append the names of the members of the board of education and instruction for the year 1878-79: S. B. Evans, president; G. F. Wittich, secretary; William Doane, treasurer; George Deavenport, S. A. Moore, James Harsha. Board of instruction for 1878-9: M. H. Lewis, A. M., superintendent; high school, E. W. Mitchell, Bertha V. Farr, Rosa Hess; A grammar, Lydia A. George; B gram- mar, Ella C. Drum, Maggie A. Lewis; C grammar, Alice Pedrick, Mary J. MacMullin; D grammar, Ida Peebles, Mary C. Beachtel, Flora Littleton; A primary, Anna Myers, Anna L. Sain; B primary, Mary B. Sheridan, Liz- zie Atkinson; C primary, Mrs. Maggie Scott, Clara Lit- tleton; D primary, Ida Cantner, Sallie Moran, Alice Morrow, Julietta Smith, Jennie Hedges, Delilah Ander- son; colored schools, Alex. D. Delany, Maggie E. Craw- ford, Sallie E. Vaughn; music, T. H. Wittich; penman- ship, Harp Van Riper. CEMETERIES, The reverent affection for the dead which is shown by the human race in all stages of its development, is a striking characteristic of the species, and one of the landmarks of that impassable chasm which separates man from the lower animals. It is, undoubtedly, an out- growth of the spiritual nature with which the race was endowed at the beginning, and is a proof of its immor- tality. Hardly any sentiment has left a deeper impress upon the literature of the world than this. It is this sentiment which has made Gray’s “Elegy in a Country Churchyard” (although the production of a minor poet) one of the most widely-read of all the efforts of the muse, having been translated into every cultivated lang- uage of christendom. And it is this which made Hervey’s “Meditations among the Tombs,” in spite of its glaring defects of style, one of the most popular books in the most prolific period of English letters. Strike from the world’s literature all that has been written in obedience to this sentiment, and what would be left would be but the dry and useless comb after the honey is extracted. It is this sentiment, also, which has led to the setting apart of places for the burial of the dead, and to the decoration of such places with all the attractions which wealth and taste can supply—filling them with the best achievements of artistic skill in sculpture, architecture, and landscape adornment, thus making them places of the most irresistible attraction to the intelligent and the thoughtful, to the lovers of beauty in nature and art. The man of health and leisure, who should spend even a week’s time in one of the great cities—New York, Bos- ton, London, or Paris—-without visiting Greenwood cemetery, Mount Auburn, Westminster Abbey, or Pere la Chaise, would stand self-convicted of a strange insen- sibility of soul; and a history of one of those cities which should make no mention of its celebrated burial place, would be indeed “like the play of Hamlet, wih the part of Hamlet omitted.” And so, in our humbler history—even in writing sketches of rural townships and unincorporated villages— we are expected, in each instance, to devote a chapter to its burying ground, where “The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep,” and doubtless many an eye will be attracted to these chapters, unpretending though they be, which will find very little attraction in any others. There are four public burial places in the township of Circleville-two within the limits of the city, and two just beyond those limits, on the north; but they are all, as will be seen, proper outgrowths of the city, established, at the first, to meet the city’s wants, though at all times largely used by those outside of it. Aside from these four there are, in different parts of the township, several family and. neighborhood burying grounds, some of which have gone into disuse, and in others interments are still made. We have been able to visit but two of these outlying burying places, one on the Crouse farm, just out of the city, on the northwest, near the river. It has long been disused, unfenced, and 198 e neglected. It occupies the top of a high knoll, which is covered with trees, and the field about it is cultivated but does not seem to be very fertile, while here and there a patriarchal apple-tree shows that the ground was once covered by an orchard. Near by are some ice houses, that have been filled from the river on whose bank they stand. At several of the graves slabs, of a kind of sand- stone, are still standing; at others, they have been broken off and are lying on the ground. ‘The stone being soft and flakey, several of the inscriptions have become quite illegible. The oldest that can still be made out is as fol- lows: “In memory of Margaret, wife of Aquilla Justus [the name is elsewhere spelled Justice], who died Nov. 9, 1813, aged 47 years.” An advertisement in an old number of the Circleville Herald shows that this same Mr. Justice had a mortgage on this same ground in 1830. Another inscription reads as follows: “In memory of John Justice, who departed this life Oct. 8, 1821, in the 73d year of his age.” In the chapter on settlements it will be seen that this Mr. Justice entered the southwest quarter of section five, which occupies the northeast corner of the township, a little over two miles from the place where he was buried. The other outlying burying-ground, which we visited, is on the farm of Jacob Ludwig, in the southeast corner of the township. It contains several new graves, the old- est being that of ‘Thomas Ludwig, a young man of twenty- one, who died in 1810. Mr. Jacob Hitler, who lives near by, thinks that it began to be used in 1807. It covers about half an acre of ground, is securely fenced, and contains several very tasteful family monuments—that of Hosler, gray granite ; those of Hitler and Lutz, white and clouded marble ; those of Seall and Rudy, red gran- ite. It was a great pleasure to find this little village of the dead so well cared for. Of the four cemeteries properly belonging to city, the one first established is on east Mound street, adjoining ‘Trinity Lutheran church. It consists of lots number one hundred and fifteen and one hundred and sixteen, of the original town plat, and was set apart by order of the court of common pleas, for the use of the German Lutheran and Calvanistic congregations, in 1811. We have not been able to ascertain the date of the first interment, nor the name of the first person buried in this ground. No costly monuments were erected there, and no interments have been made since 1850. The oldest inscriptions are in German, and many have become illegible from the friable nature of the stone employed. The first inter- ment of which we found any record, was that of a child named William Betzer, who died in 1812, aged about six years. A blunder of the stone-cutter (leaving out a ci- pher) makes this child born in 186. This blunder, how- ever, seems to be corrected, after a fashion, on another stone, which gravely informs us that Jacob (surname not legible) was born in 17093. 1f this statement were cor- rect, and Jacob were now living, he would be just fifteen thousand, two hundred and fifteen years less than one year old. It will take an algcbraist, however, to cipher it out. One of the German inscriptions is as follows, verbatim et literatim: ““Hicr ruhet Andreas Foltz, ge- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. bohren in Strasburg, Euroba den 9 Oct., 1756, gestorben den 23 dag Sept. 1813. Alt worden 57 Jahr, 11 monet, 2 wochen, 2 tag. Gezengt 11 kinder, 8 sene und 3 Dech- ter.” Some of the words may be Pennsylvania German, they certainly are not the German of Germany. A literal translation is as follows: ‘Here rests Andrew Foltz, born in Strasburg, Europe, the gth of Oct., 1756; died the 23d day of Sept., 1813. Was aged 57 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 2 days. Begot 11 children—-8 sons and 3 daughters.” Comparatively few of the present descend- ants of the New England fathers will leave so worthy a record as that. The two lots adjoining this cemetery on the east, (numbered one hundred and thirteen and one hundred and fourteen) were, at a very early day set apart for a similar purpose; but we have not been able to ascertain either the date or the manner of doing it. The two grounds were kept separate by a fence, and the one on the east was called, sometimes the public, sometimes the English, and sometimes the city burying-ground. In the year 1863, a decree of the court of common pleas having been obtained for that purpose, the most of the bodies were removed from this part, and the Trinity Lutheran church and parsonage which now occupy the ground, were erected there. ‘The burying grounds just described soon became in- sufficient for the accommodation of the public, and therefore, on the nineteenth of March, 1831, the town council purchased of Samuel Watt and wife, a piece of land containing nearly five acres on East High street, along the border of Hargus creek. It is a part of original section nineteen, and the price paid was one hundred and twenty-five dollars. This the council laid out as a burying ground, and called it the Circleville cemetery. In common parlance, however, it was for a long time called the “new,” as it is now called the ‘“‘old” cemetery. Prominent in the council which purchased this ground, and the chief mover in the enterprise, was Mr. George Crook, an influential merchant of the city at that time He probably little thought that the ground he was so active in securing for the public convenience, would so soon become his own last resting place; that he would, in fact, be the first to be deposited there, amid the tears of sorrowing friends. Such, however, was the case. A plain marble slab near the entrance to the ground, bears this inscription: “Sacred to the memory of George Crook, who departed this life Jan. 1, 1832, in the 33d year of his age, leaving a widow with four small children to mourn their irreparable loss. But they mourn not as those without hope.” Then follows an epitaph which, although rather commonplace as a whole, contains two lines (the ones printed below in ¢/a/ics) that strike us as being equal to anything we have ever met with in elegiac poetry: “Wond'ring Task, where is the breast Struggling so late and racked with pain; The eyes that upward looked for rest, Aud dropt their weary lids again, Peace, fluttered soul, the storm is o'er, Iinded at last the doubtful strife, Ile flies to Hfeaven, returns ne more; «\ widow thou, no more a wife.” HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND The monuments, here also, are mostly plain and un- pretentious. The same friable sandstone, heretofore mentioned, has been too largely employed, and many of the inscriptions, in consequence, can no longer be deci- phered. The grounds are not as well kept as they ought to be; but it is a pleasant, though melancholy, place to stay and meditate in the cool of a summer evening. A little beyond the limits of the city, about a mile north of its center, on the west side of the Columbus turn- pike, lie the beautiful grounds of the Forest cemeterp. They comprise about fifty-one acres of land, purchased by the cemetery corporation in 1857, mostly of Mrs. ‘Agnes McCrea, but partly of Jacob Mader, for one hun- dred dollars per acre. They were laid out, the same year, under the direction of William Renick, and exhibit great taste and skill in the fine art of landscape gardening. The following pledge and subscription will show how and by whom the money was raised for the purchase of these grounds: We, the undersigned, being desirous of providing suitably for the burial of the dead, do hereby subscribe the several sums annexed to our names respectively, for the purpose of buying and embellishing grounds, to be used forever for a rural cemetery, near the city of Circleville. The premises to be bought for this purpose shall contain not less than forty acres. These subscriptions to be binding whenever ratified by the sub- scribers, or a majority, in amount. This association to be organized under the law of Ohio passed February 24, 1848. The sums hereto subscribed shall be in the nature of a loan to the association, subject to be repaid out of the proceeds of sales of burial lots, under such rules and regulations as the association may prescribe. Signed : 2 CIRCLEVILLE, Ohio, June ro, 1857. William Renick,........... $200 Ws Me SN ripletts < sasadsesacscnes $100 WW) Bierce, ¢ seavs ee canss 2008 W.. Baker 2... 0.00 ceeeee 100 John Groce. os. tccc ca teces 200. C. OldS visccc cu cinngaw 9 iain 100 S. H: Moore... ...00sscn0e. 200 Einsel, Wagner & Co....... 100 S. A. Ruggles.............. 200 N.S. & G. W. Gregg...... 200 Nelson Franklin .......... 200 Harness Rewiek, ..40) 54400. 200 sy MARE dine a saiia is ohyeahe 200 W. Wolfley & E. G. Shulze 100 Josiah Renick ............ 200 Tstdel) Gregg os seas ca unas 100 Es Ce Clarke. ouccic iy seo 200 D. Pierce & R. H. Wilson.. 100 William Bauder............ 200 W. Griswold ss ssisccaw ceva. 100 Samuel Rogers............ 200 GioAs Ce Ay Kinie 24s oa vars 100 A. McCrea............0 eee 200 Jonathan Renick.......... roo S. M. Baker .............. 200 Je HAWKES... teste hasewsnns 100 William L. Peck.......... 200 George Hammel .......... 100 H.N. Hedges, sr........... 200 William VanHeyde........ 100 R. A. Foresman............ 200 Gi Be Wolfley: crscaseg tans 100 O. Ballard, jr..........0.00. 100 William Doane............ 100 Ms. Brow a's sania usados 100 M. Kellstadt.............. 100 W. E. Delaplane.......... 100 Philip Glick .............. I00 Jj. T. Delaplane............ too 8 John Lynch s2 seis ssesaes 100 J. S. Wilkes oo... 00.0.0. ee 100 A.J. Haswell o.cavas co sees 100 Je Vs Deneain 4 see ees roo William Hughes .......... 100 John Boyer..............05 100 Peter Wefler, jr........... 100 George H. Fickardt........ 100 David Snider.............. 100 BisNo Old Si ensuite wisn acne 100 HL Na Hed 6S, jticcs aes cond 100 G. F. Wittich. 0.0.0.0. .00, 100 B.C. Smithy waeee ea eugace 100 N. T. Bradford............ roo J. Sollliday icc cca cs wea. 100 The association which bought the grounds was incor- porated the same year, as shown by the following articles of incorporation, recorded September 8, 1857: On the thirtieth day of July, A. D. 1857, William Renick, Samuel Mar- field, Samuel Rogers, Wayne Griswold, Adam McCrea, John Groce, William Doane, W. W. Bierce, Jonathan Renick, George H. Fickardt, and twenty-two other citizens of Circleville, assembled at the court house, in the city of Circleville, for the purpose of forming themselves intoa cemetery association under an act of the legislature, passed Feb- Tuary 24, 1848; notices of said meeting having been published in the Circleville Herald and Watchman twenty days before said meeting, ll | PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 199 On motion, .\dam MeCrea, esq., was elected chairman of the meet- ing, and George H. ickardt clerk, A majority of the members of the association being present, on mo- tion it was resolved that the said persons present form themselves into a cemetery association by the election of scven trustees and one clerk. The meeting then procceded to the election of trustees and clerk, when the following gentlemen were elected trustees, viz. : William Ren- ick, president; William Doane, Wayne Griswold, John Groce, W. W. Bierce, Jonathan Renick, I. C. Clarke—thrce to serve for three years, two to serve for two years, and two to serve for one year. George H. Fickardt was elected clerk, to serve for three years. On motion, it was resolved that the name of the association shall be “The Forest Cemetery of Circleville.” On motion, a constitution for the government of said association was adopted. I, George H. Fickardt, clerk of the Forest Cemetery of Circleville, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true record of the proceedings of the meeting held at the court house, in the city of Circleville, on the thirtieth day of July, A. D. 1857, for the purpose herein before men- tioned. Signed: GEORGE H. FICKARDT, Clerk of Forest Cemetery, of Circleville, Ohio. July 31, 1857. The following are the names of the present officers: -Dr. Marcus Brown, president ; Geo. H. Fickardt, treas- urer and clerk. Trustees: John Groce, E. C. Clarke, S. A. Moore, M. Brown, John Boyer, S. Marfield, sr., and William Doane. The grounds of Forest cemetery were, July 28, 1858, solemnly dedicated for the uses and purposes as specified in article seven of the constitution, by an oration by the Rev. Joel Swartz, pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran church in this city, and by other appropriate exercises. The following were the order of exercises : Tst, ad, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, We regret we have not space to publish the beautiful oration of Rev. Mr. Swartz. The first body laid at rest in these beautiful grounds was that of Mrs. William P. Darst, October 12, 1858. There are many fine and costly monuments erected here, the three most noticeable being that of Dr. Chas. H. Hawkes, consisting of a marble statue of hope, larger than life, on a lofty pedestal of gray granite; that of Wm. Renick, entirely of red granite (except the base, which is gray)—the pedestal being surmounted by a tall pyramidal shaft ; and that of Col. John Cradlebaugh, of a grayish. marble, distinguished from all the rest by its beautiful, life-size statue of Christ in benediction, the work of an Italian sculptor, which would be justly regarded as an attraction, in any cemetery in the word. On one of the tablets of the last named monument, is told a sad story of domestic bereavement, viz.: That Mrs. Cradlebaugh, and a son aged over two months, both died on the same day, June 19, 1852. ‘Twenty-one years later, in 1873, the colonel himself, having cherished in the loneliness of widowhood, and amid many strange vicissitudes of fortune, the memory of his youthful com- panion, died in the midst of great reverses at Eureka, Nevada; and six years after his death, on decoration Anthem, by the Circleville Musical Association. Invocation, by Rev. Mr. Swartz. Ode. Prayer, by Rev. Mr. Felton. Hymn, to Old Hundred. Address, by Rev. Mr. Swartz. Ode. Benediction, by Rev. Mr. Felton. 200 deposited by the side of his loved ones, under the sacred benediction of those marble hands. Nearly opposite to the Forest cemetery, but a little | nearer the city, is the newly opened cemetery of St. Joseph’s (Roman Catholic) church. It consists of six acres, purchased in August, 1877, of Caspar McCabe, for one thousand dollars. Two avenues only have been laid out through the grounds at right angles, in the form of a Roman cross. It was consecrated July 4, 1878, and the first interment took place on the same day—that of Miss Mary Roach, a young lady, about eightcen years old. Only six or seven graves have been added since that time. ‘The most of the ground has been culti- vated in wheat during the present season. MERCANTILE INTERESTS. A complete history of the mercantile interests of the place would embrace a sketch of all the leading mer- chants, both past and present, that have ever done busi- ness here in any department of trade. we have no space for such a history, but must content ourselves with little more than a bare enumeration of the individuals and firms now engaged in three of the prin- cipal branches of merchandise. I, DRY GOODS. Those engaged at present in this business are the fol- lowing: Wolfley & Hartmeyer, Delaplaine & Doane, J. Darst, W. S. Jacobson & Co., D. Peirce, Wallace & Bro., J. Weill, Wallace & Schleyer, and L. Abt & Co. Of these, Wolfley & Hartmeyer represent the oldest estab- lishment, dating back to about the year 1829. The name of Darst has been prominent in the mercantile his- tory of Circleville for many years. The first who bore it in that capacity were two brothers—Isaac and William P. Darst—who established themselves here, in the dry goods trade, in 1832, both having previously been clerks for Bradshaw & Turney, pioneer merchants of Circle- ville, as early as 1816. They were brothers of Joseph Darst, for many years a shoe merchant in this place. The present J. Darst is the survivor of two cousins of the same name—Jacob Darst—who were in partnership hcre for a long time, having become successors to Darst & Hedges. he elder of the two cousins (now deceased) was the father of Miss Lillie C. Darst, editor and pro- prietor of the Circleville Herald. II. HARDWARE, The only ones doing a gencral hardware business at present in Circleville are the following: Cyrus Benford, W. A. Ensworth & Co., and B. H. Moore. Of these, Benford has the oldest store, having been established about the year 1845. TM, DRUGS. The druggists now doing business here are the follow- ing: Z. H. Fickardt, W. W. Ballard, Evans & Krimmel, and H. E. Grand-Girard. Mr. Fickhardt came here in 1839, and his establishment dates back to 1830, being the oldest drug store in the city. He is the proprietor of an excellent tonic medicine called “Angelica Bitters,” We regret that’ | | HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. day, May 30, 1879, his remains were brought back and | from the principal ingredient, and “Poor Man’s Tonic,” from the low price at which it is sold, BANKS. Of these, there have been six of a public character. _ The first, known as the Bank of Circleville, was organized i in the fall of 1834, under a special act of the legislature, | passed* March 3d, of the same year, with a capital of ' $200,000, having for its commissioners Joseph Olds, Samuel Rogers, N. S. Gregg, Andrew Huston, William Renick, sr., William Renick, jr., Elias Florence and Sam- uel Lybrand, who, on the first Monday in June, opened the books. for subscriptions to the stock. During the twenty years it did business, it had three presidents, viz.: Joseph Olds, N. S. Gregg and Joel Franklin; and two cashiers, of whom Hoel Lawrence was the first, and his son, Hoel K. Lawrence, the second. For a period of about seventeen years, the bank was under an able direc- tion, and advanced to a high degree of prosperity. At length, in 1853, the elder Lawrence died, an event which was soon followed by a negotiation for the transfer of a controlling interest to some new parties, and the conse- quent resignation of its judicious president, N. S. Gregg. Thenceforward its welfare waned, and, in one of the months of 1854, it failed. On the sixteenth of August, 1839, books were opened by John Barr, Jacob Shoemaker and Jonathan Renick, three of the twelve commissioners, for subscriptions to the stock of the second bank, whose act of incorporation reached back to January 14, 1818, also entitled the Bank of Circleville, having an authorized capital of $300,000, with right to commence business when $150,000 were subscribed, and fifteen per cent. thereof paid in, and the governor’s certificate procured. It would appear that there was not much readiness on the part of more than a few of the citizens of the county to become shareholders, and only after non-residents of the county and State entered their names for the deficient sum, was the organ- ization perfected. .A Mr. Brown, whose given name can not now be recalled, a resident of New York, was elected the president, and one Charles Cornwell, the cashier. For reasons, which seem not to have been made public, the governor of Ohio declined to certify that the bank had complicd with the provisions of the statutes, and, it being deemed important that this official declaration by the bank should have a verification by disinterested par- ties, the board appointed E. B. Olds and P. N. White to make examination of the books and to count the funds. They, having complied with the request, reported that they found the institution in possession of $23,000, gold and silver, a sum $500 in excess of the fifteen per cent. necessary to have before operations could be begun legally. ‘There may be now no one living who knows just how long the said $23,000 was held as a real basis for a two-fold, or more, circulation, but two or three indi- viduals yet survive who have always believed that another bank were creditors therefor, and that the loan was of short duration. However that may be, on the sixth of April, 1840, business with the public began; whether in sin, to bring forth iniquity, or in honesty, to bear good fruit, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. the current sentiment of the day got into no controversy, Suffice it to say, that not twelve months elapsed before president number one gave place to number two, and the first cashier to the second. Seymour G. Renick becom- ing the successor of the one, and William McCulloch that of the other. improve. The notes of the bank were a source of annoy- ance. As children, they had.too warm affection for their parents, and back to them ‘they would continually go. At length an hour of paralysis came, and on the morning of the fourteenth of April, 1842, after an asthmatic exist- ence of two years and eight days, it expired. Its worthy incumbent cashier was humiliated, and, for a little while, became a recluse. It happened that some of the direc- tors were small depositors, and felt that their balances. needed attention. ‘The dejected official who held the keys of the vault was visited, and importuned therefor, and on the plea of a desire to take an inventory of the contents of the safe, the keys were surrendered. ‘Ihe repository was soon opened, and the ledger examined. A found himself a creditor for one hundred dollars, B for two hundred dollars, and C for three hundred dollars. There must be no loss to them. ‘The trunks were found ’ to be replete with the bills of the corporation, but to con- tain no other. ‘What per cent. of their face will they probably bring in the open market?” was the query. Fifty cents on the dollar became the estimate. ‘ Then,” said they, “let us take enough of them, at those figures, to square accounts.” So doing, the Bank of Circleville, ear-marked “the old,” was left to dance on the sea of public opinion as best she could; and on she went, drift- ing for twenty-nine years, until, at length, by the weight of the last judicial determination, she went down to join the kindred dead. The third organization was that of the Pickaway County Savings Institute, with a capital of $25,000, of which M. Brown was made president, and O. Ballard, jr., cashier. In 1851, the Institute was merged into the Pickaway County bank, a corporation organized under the act to authorize free banking, passed March 21, 1851, by the general assembly of the State of Ohio, with capital stock of $200,000. The board of directors consisted of Samuel _ Rogers, James E. Rice, J. A. Troup, James R. Hulse and Marcus Brown. On the tenth of October, 1863, the stockholders of the Pickaway County bank accepted of the provisions of the “act to provide a national currency, secured by the pledge of the United States bonds,” and organized under it as the First National bank of Circleville, with a capital stock increased to $260,000. The board of directors consisted of N. S. Gregg, Samuel Rogers, S. H. Ruggles, James E. Rice, Hanson Rock and Marcus Brown. Marcus Brown was elected president, and O. Ballard, jr., appointed cash- ier, and now, after the lapse of thirty years, these officers are still in the management, and few banks have had bet- ter success. The sixth, and last, organization occurred on the four- teenth of January, 1864, when the Second National bank, with a capital stock of $125,000, opened its doors to the 26 | | | But the ebb and flow of affairs did not — 201 public, having elected N. S. Gregg, esi., its now venera- ble president, as its highest officer, and Henry N. Hedges, jr., still its second official, as the cashier. This institu- tion, also, has been well conducted, and its shares have proved to be a valuable acquisition to the holders. CANAT, BUSINESS. The completion of the Ohio canal gave a great impetus to the prosperity of Circleville. The construction of the work gave employment to large numbers of men,’ and support to their families. By reducing the expense of importation it lessened the price of all sorts of merchan- _ dise; and by affording readier means for the export of home products, it increased their volume and stimulated still greater production. In 1846 the clearances from this port, of the five principal articles of export, were as fol- lows: Of corn, 106,465 bushels; wheat, 24,918 bushels; » broom corn, 426,374 pounds; pork, 1,277,212 pounds, and of lard, 1,458,259 pounds. The business continued to increase till the year 1856, when the first railroad through Circleville (the Cincinnati & Zanesville, or Mus- kingum Valley road) was built. From this time the busi- ness by canal diminished till, in the year 1876, the record for the five articles named, stood as follows: Corn, 44,492 bushels; wheat, 7,588 bushels; pork, 134,317 pounds; lard, 92,233 pounds; broom corn, none. The next year the Scioto Valley road was completed, and the result was that, in 1878, the year following, the clearances by canal had almost entirely ceased, the only exports reported being: of pork, 6,857 pounds, and of flour, 798 barrels, the latter having amounted, in 1875, to 1,280 barrels. This falling off is, of course, due to the fact that the rail- roads are able to underbid the canal in the price of freights. For exports the latter has become useless, and almost the only import which it still controls, is that of coal. Should the railroads secure the handling of that, the canal would, in all probability, be abandoned. FIRE DEPARTMENT. It would be interesting and instructive to trace the history of the Circleville fire army (or, as it might better be called, water army, since its object is to fight the “fire fiend” with water) from the first organization of the “bucket brigade” in pioneer times, through the days of the “Thames” rotary engine, the “old Scioto,” with its end brakes, and the “‘new Scioto” with its side brakes, down to the present era of steam fire engines and pump- ing works. For this, however, we have not room, but must plunge at once zz medias res of the present system. The Circleville fire department consists at present of one hundred and thirty members, divided into four com- panies, and organized under the leadership of chief engi- neer H. H. Nicholas, first assistant engineer T. H. Casper, and second assistant engineer Charles McLean. The organization was created and is controlled by munici- pal law, and is a combination of the pay with the volun- teer principle—the officers, during the time of fires and when on parade, being clothed with police powers. Circleville company No. 1, consists of forty members, having in charge the steam engine “ Circleville,” with the following officers: F. Drescher, engineer; W. M. 202 Todd, stoker; B. Wolfram, foreman; Jos. Ridgeway, first assistant ditto ; John Crayne, second assistant ditto; George Denman, secretary; Mayor I. P. Todd, treasurer ; Peter Foerst, messenger, and J. Streich, pioneer. Buckeye engine and hose company No. 2, consists of forty members, having in charge “Buckeye” steam engine No. 2, and one or two hose carts, under the fol- lowing officers : Andrew Rudle, engineer ; D. Thockmor- ton, foreman; L. Seigwalt, assistant ditto; H. Weimer, secretary ; F. Hoffman, treasurer ; W. Schwartz, foreman of hose department ; J. Hester, assistant ditto ; Charles Butler, first pipeman ; Frank Feeny, assistant ; Thomas Sharkey, second pipeman; H. Williams, assistant; A. Todd and J. Sheridan, pioneers. Niagara hose company, No. 1, consists of twenty mem- bers, having in charge two hose carts, the officers being as follows: E. Case, foreman ;°A. Krimmell, assistant ditto; R. D. Moffitt, secretary ; Charles McLean, treas- urer ; M. Donelly, first pipeman ; Geo. Wilson, assistant ; D. Brannan, second pipeman; D. Gephart, asssistant, and Thos. Tracy, pioneer. Scioto hand engine company consists of thirty colored members, having charge of hand engine “Scioto” and two hose trucks. The following are the officers: J. Jackson, foreman ; J. McMann, assistant ditto; J. Nor- man, secretary; W. H. Weaver, treasurer; W. Hohlms, foreman of the hose department ; T. Turner, first pipe- man ; J. Grant; second ditto, and R. B. Peterson, pioneer. The steam engines mentioned above are the most elaborate and expensive of their kind, and (like all the other apparatus named) are kept in perfect order and ready for efficient service at a moment’s notice. The remarkable exemption of the city from destructive fires, during the past quarter of a century, proves conclusively the rare effectiveness of the department. And we are pleased to learn that, as in the great political rebellion of 1861, so in the smaller fire-rebellions which they now eagerly aid in quelling, the “colored troops” still fight nobly, thus establishing their claim to be regarded as useful citizens of the country whose life they helped to save. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. These, for a town of seven thousand inhabitants, are very well represented in Circleville. We begin with THE SCIOTO MACHINE WORKS, These works, embracing machine shop and foundry, were established in the fall of 1850, by Messrs. Bright & Bierce. The first iron was melted in August, 185 t In 1852 Bierce sold out to Bright, and the latter took, as partner, H. J. Lawrence. The next year Lawrence sold out, and George West became partner with Bright, under the firm name of Bright & Co. This firm failed in 1855. In 1856, Irvin & Miller rented the property, and carried on the business about nine months. Then Risher & Dunkle rented it, in the latter part of 1856, carried on the business of making wheat drills for about two years, and failed. In the latter part of 1858 it was purchased by W. W. Bierce, for nine thousand dollars, and carried on successfully till 1864, They made a specialty (as the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. other firms did, for the most part) of steam engines, threshing machines, and stoves. In 1864 Bierce failed, and the property passed into the hands of Haswell, Wright & Co., who owned it till August, 1878, and then sold out to the Scioto Machine company for fifteen thousand dollars. Of this company, which was organ- ized on the twelfth of August, 1878, with a capital of thirty thousand dollars, the following are the officers: President, T. C. Wallace; ‘superintendent, A. R. Dumm; auditor, J. Q. A. Oliver. They employ, on an average, about thirty-five hands. These works are situated on the corner of Main street and the Ohio canal, and it is a part of their history that the main building was erected as a hotel, by Andrew Cradlebaugh, about the year 1836. Mr. Cradlebaugh also had a tannery at the rear of his hotel. The build- ing was considerably enlarged in 1842, soon after which time Mr. Cradlebaugh died, his widow continuing the business till 1850, when the property was purchased by Bright & Bierce, as stated above. CIRCLEVILLE TANNERY, This establishment is located on the opposite side of the street from the machine works. It was built by John Hayes, about the year 1850. He sold out to Howard & , Jackson, in July, 1856, for four thousand dollars. Howard sold his half interest to George Metzger, in 1858, and the present proprietors, George and William Roth (brothers), bought out Jackson & Metzger, in 1871, pay- | ing ten thousand dollars for the building and grounds. Harness leather is a specialty with them, of which they turn out about seventy-five hides a week. Ten men are employed in the business. Farther up the canal, on High street, are two large PORK PACKING HOUSES. The first we come to, on the south side of the street, is the one owned by 8. H. Ruggles. On the opening of the canal, in 1832 or 1833, the business was commenced, in a small way, by Samuel Rogers and William Martin, with whom was associated Mr. Baldwin, of Cleveland. Mr. Ruggles, as we understand, became proprietor of the concern in 1843. The establishment was rebuilt and enlarged in 1869. Since that time the average number of hogs slaughtered annually has been from ten to fifteen thousand. ‘The limit of capacity is about twenty thousand. Curing hams is a specialty. From fifty to sixty hands are employed during the slaughtering season. The establishment on the north side of the street is the one now owned by John Groce & Son. The busi- ness was commenced here by Olds & McCoy, in 1837. They sold out to Atwater & Groce, in 1848. Mr. Atwater died in 1852, and Mr. Groce then became sole proprietor. In 1870, while they were attempting to place a new foundation under the old wooden building, a heavy rain coming on and washing out the supports, the whole fell in ruins. Out of these ruins sprang the commodious brick structure which now occupies the ground. In 1878 a summer packing house was added, which is kept almost at the freezing point by a large re- frigerator, forty-eight by forty feet, the coolness being HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 203 propelled by six hundred tons of ice. In this, three hundred hogs a day can be cared for, with as much safety as in mid-winter. This is claimed as the most convenient establishment of the kind in the Scioto val- ley. From ten to twelve thousand hogs is its annual slaughtering capacity. It is worthy of remark that the foreman of the concern, George W. Downs, a native of Circleville, has been in the employ of Mr. Groce for twenty-seven years—a compliment both to employer and employed. Far out on Washington street, south of the railroad, is located THE SWEET-CORN CANNING AND DRYING ESTABLISHMENT, The proprietors are C. E. Sears & Co., who began the business in 1873, at first only for drying. They com- menced canning in 1876. In that year Evans, Day & Co., of Baltimore, Maryland, came on and put their ap- paratus into one of the drying houses, Sears & Co. fur- nishing the corn, and Evans, Day & Co. doing the pack- ing. The next year [1877] Sears & Co. purchased the canning apparatus, and have since carried on both branches of the business. They raise all their corn on leased ground. The first year they put up the smaller drying house, and dried the corn raised on one hundred acres. The next year they put up the larger house (nearly twice as large as the former) and dried the prod- uct of at least three hundred and fifty acres. Since that time they have cultivated from four to five hundred acres. In 1878 they sold fifteen hundred barrels of dried corn, and over three hundred thousand two-pound cans of canned corn. For eight months, in planting, cultivating and harvesting both corn and fodder, about twelve men with teams are employed. During the harvesting season the largest number they have ever employed, at one time, was four hundred, comprising men, women and children. Last year, for one item of labor, they paid out ten thou- sand dollars. Surely, a most beneficent industry. THE GAS WORKS are situated on the corner of Mound street and the canal. They were established by Coverdale & Bierce, in 1859. They commenced furnishing light in January, 1860. In 1863, Colonel S. A. Moore, having previously been a large stockholder, became sole proprietor. The original capital was twenty-six thousand dollars, and the annual dividends, notwithstanding the exaggerated notion so prevalent, as to the profits of the gas business, have not been over ten per cent. It requires courage and enter- prise to establish gas works in a town of five thousand inhabitants (which is probably more than Circleville had in 1859), and when capitalists are found sufficiently pub- .lic-spirited to furnish their fellow-citizens with such a convenience, they certainly deserve a liberal patronage. THE BROOM-CORN INTEREST Is one of the largest and most important industrial in- ‘terests of Circleville at the present time. It is proper, as well as convenient, to class it among the manufactures, although the corn is simply made into bales and then sold in bulk, to be manufactured into brooms and brushes in various parts of the country. © Eaton Brothers were the pioneers in this business, commencing about the year 1838, and continuing until 1851. They cultivated about one hundred and fifty acres of ground. . Messrs. Edward and J. P. Smith commenced the busi- ness in 1852. In 1856 J. P. Smith left, and Edward Smith carried it on alone during the next year. Then James H. Lynch became a partner, continuing in the business for two years. J. P. Smith returned in 1860, and since that time the two brothers have continued to- gether. At first they cultivated but two hundred acres. Since 1863 the average number has been about one thou- sand. One year [1864 or 1865] they had one thousand two hundred acres under cultivation. In 1864 they paid to the government a tax on forty-two thousand dollars, as the income from their business for that year. Up to 1862 they cultivated, for the most part, rented land; since then, almost entirely, land of their own. During the cultivation of the crop, about sixty men, with as many horses and mules, are employed. During the harvesting season of two months, some three hundved persons are employed, consisting of men, women, and children. Over twenty-five thousand dollars are paid out annually for labor. ‘The average product of their business is three hundred and fifty tons, which is distributed through nearly all the northern States. The process of their work may be briefly stated as follows: The first thing done, after cutting the corn, is the removal of the seed, which is of course done by machinery; then it is taken to the drying sheds, and left till it is thoroughly air-dried ; thence to the bale-house, where it is pressed and baled. Sometimes it is shipped directly from this point, but more commonly it is taken to the large store-house on Court street, just south of the railroad, where it is stored until the accumulation of orders demands its shipment. This building, with the ground on which it stands, cost over seven thousand dollars. A low estimate of the cap- ital invested in the business amounts to a hundred and twenty thousand dollars, as follows: lands, one hundred thousand dollars; buildings, thirteen thousand dollars; horses and implements, seven thousand dollars. About three hundred acres of the land cultivated lies in Circle- ville township; the rest, in Jackson. Mr. Edward Smith, the principal proprietor, has a charming suburban villa on south Court street, near the city limits. The fine mansion stands in the midst ‘of spacious grounds, skillfully laid out and planted with shrubbery and trees, of various kinds, deciduous and ev- ergreen—the planting having been done many years ago by Mr, Smith’s own hands, or under his direction. This magnificent property, which is worth “ta mint ’o money,” is not embraced in the estimate given above. THE PLOW MANUFACTORY of Schwartz & Son was established in 1852. A part of the large brick building now occupied by them, on the corner of Franklin and Pickaway streets, was, some time previous to that date,-a place of worship, having been built by a branch of the Methodists, calling themselves the “Mutual Rights Methodist Episcopal Church.” The 204 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. other part of the works was built in 1866. The proprie- tors buy the castings for their plows in various markets, make the wrought-iron portions at their own forges, and do the wood work in the upper part of their building. Repairing machinery of all kinds is now a large part of their business. They turn out an average of a hundred plows annually, all of which are sold in the county. OTHER FACTORIES ENUMERATED. There are several other manufacturing establishments, now in operation here, some of which are perhaps quite as deserving of extended mention, as the most of those r noticed ; but want of space compels us to con- , : : alneady paueed 7 to P ' was kept up for five or six years, and was the lineal pre- tent ourselves with a brief enumeration. ‘These estab- lishments, with the names of their owners, are as follows : Three flouring mills, owned by Mr. Delaplane, Heff- ner & Co., and Jacob Young. ‘Two planing mills, manu- facturing sash, doors and blinds, by John Pickering, and C. B. Tyler. Four carriage factories, by Wm. Bauder & Son, Brobeck & Denman, James C. Duffey, and a joint stock company in Acker’s building, on Court street. (Wm. Bauder built the first buggy ever made in Circle- ville, and that was forty years ago. ‘lhe firm of William Bauder & Son now turn out about fifty fine carriages a year—this kind of work being with them a specialty. They keep the best lumber wagons on sale, but not of their own manufacture.) Nine tailor shops, by G. Christy Bayer, Kinzel & Hannig, B. M. ‘Thompson, Matthew Littleton, Henry Alspaugh, Thos. Howard, James Steele, Chas. Sprates, and Franz Meeller. One gun shop, by Chas. M. Siebert, manufacturing the wood work of guns and rifles. Two brick yards, by Mr. McCollister and Mr. Brunnshein. One broom shop, by Michael Geeller. Five tin shops, by Wm. Richardson, Hoffman & McMul- len, Haswell & Co., Henry Greer, and John Cull. Six boot and shoe shops, by T. J. Epps, E. E. Bock, Thos. Orpwood, Charles Fismer, H. Bowling, and A. D. Schurn, Five harness and saddle shops, by W. A. Empie, Sapp & McCollister, A. Smith, Harry Clemens, and Thos. Stover. ‘lwo marble shops, by James Har- sha, and Price & Glick. Three cooper shops, by James Sapp, Gideon Reif (turning out five thousand barrels a year), and Conrad Ritchie. Three bakeries, by M. Bish, Jacob Mader, and John Mader. establishment, by G. F. Wittich. One book bindery, by B. W. Morris. One brewery, by Krimmel & Hoover. ‘Two cigar factories, by Henry Voneif, and Fen. Ii. Dyas. There may be others worthy of mention, but these are all we are able to find. One confectionery DEFUNCT MANUFACTORIES. On the left bank of the canal, a little below the gas works, stands a large three-story brick building, with a number of wooden buildings connected with it. This building contains the machinery for carrying on an ex- tensive business in the manufacture, by steam power, of woolen goods ; but it has lain idle for the past four or five years. It was built by George Crook as a commission and storage warehouse, about the year 1831. After -Mr. Crook’s death, it was owned aud carried on by J. W. » matches. ' Jeum drove them out of the market. Finley & Co., for some years. In 1844 it was purchased by P. B. & J. G. Dodridge, and turned into a woolen factory. Their successors were Thomas Drakely, W. W. Bierce & Co., and Miller & Hassenpflug. It has been a very extensive business, but, as may be judged by its frequent change of proprietors, has never been what could be called a pecuniary success. Since the failure of Miller & Hassenpflug, four or five years ago, it has lain idle, as above stated. Opinion differs as to the probability of its ever being resuscitated. About the year 1845, Darst & Yerington started a foundry near, the site of the present gas works. This decessor of the Scioto’ machine works, already described. ‘A match factory was established, near 1853, by J. Wy- man and ‘T. Bussert—Wyman (who was a lawyer) fur- nishing the money, and Bussert manufacturing the ‘The busines was carried on, only about a year, in a house which stood near the present city building. After supplying this place with matches, they employed Mr. C. C. Niebling to peddle out the remainder of their stock (consisting of a wagon load or more) through the neighboring towns and villages. Frank Head put up a saw-mill and carding machine on Hargus creek, near the old cemetery, about the year 1825 or ’26, which did considerable business for some ten years, when it was given up. ‘There was also, at one time, a carding machine near the canal, a little above Groce’s packing house. About the year 1820, Thomas Bell established here a factory (in a small way) for the making of cut nails, em- ploying a Mr. Orr to do the work. It lasted only four or five years. Wilkes Allen, about the year 1840, commenced the manufacture of fanning-mills, in a building near the Em- mett warehouse, on the canal. It continued in operation some fourteen years. As early as 1818 or ‘20, Valentine Keffer began the manufacture of linseed oil, in a small way. It continued but a few years. \bout the same time, a Mr. Reed built a woolen mill on Hargus creek, in the north part of town. The estab- lishment changed hands twice, and was given up some time between 1840 and 1850. soap and candle factory was established by G. A. Hartmeyer, about 1840, candles being made until petro- A good article of laundry soap was made, and the business continued till near Mr. Hartmeyer’s death, which occured in 1874. Al- - ' though the business was very limited, Mr. Hartmeyer doing nearly all the work with his own hands, yet it made a good living for himself and family, and left them a com- fortable home. A Mr. Josinski established here a distillery, about 1820, which continued in operation only a few years. The buildings were still standing, when the canal aqueduct was built, about 1832, and were used asa boarding house for the hands employed in the construction of that im- portant work, ‘The business of distilling is spoken of as having been singularly disastrous to all the parties that S& \ i e MATTHEW McCREA: Matthew McCrea, one of the old time residents of Circleville, and one of the most active of its early business men, was born in the year 1792, in the county of Down, Ireland. He was of Scotch ancestry, and the son of Adam and Martha McCrea, who were also the parents of nine other children, six sons and three daughters. Matthew came to America with his brother Joseph, stopping first at Hagerstown, Maryland, where he remained two years. In 1817 he removed to the village of Jefferson, Pickaway county, Ohio, where his brother had previously gone, and was at that time clerking for Henry Neville. Thomas Bell, of Circle- ville, hearing of Matthew’s arrival, sent for him and gave him a place in his store, in which he was doing a large and prosperous business in general mer- chandise. It was in Circleville that he met his future wife, Agnes, daughter of Hugh and Ruth Foresman. She was of Scotch origin, and her mother was of the Slocum family, famous in connection with the Wyoming massacre and whole- sale abduction. She was born June 6, 1797, and married Matthew McCrea September 16, 1819, four years after his arrival in this country, and two years after his coming to Circleville. Matthew McCrea established himself in business upon his own account in the fall of 1820, at the village of Jefferson. He traveled all of the way to Philadel- phia on horseback to buy goods, which were loaded on the heavy, old-fashioned wagons, on Market street, and transported in that manner to their place of des- tination. Not being satisfied with his location in Jefferson, Mr. McCrea pur- chased property in, and removed ,his building to, Circleville, in 1821, locating himself on the east side of the old circle, where he continued to prosecute a very successful business until 1828, Being the owner of a considerable quantity of land, he then sold out his goods and devoted himself to farming for the remainder of his life, excepting a period of one year, in 1834 and 1835, when he was in partnership with S. S. Denny, in the dry goods business. Mr. McCrea was probably the first successful adventurer in transporting pork, lard and flour from Circleville, by the Scioto, Ohio, and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans. His first trip, in 1819, was made for his brother-in-law, Thomas Bell. He continued this profitable, although somewhat risky enterprise, until his retirement from the mercantile business, making annual trips, and carrying pork, lard, flour, and other provisions to the great southern mart. It was his custom after disposing of his stock in New Orleans, to sail for Philadelphia, where he purchased goods, before returning home, to sell-during the ensuing year in his Circleville store. Mr. McCrea was a man of broad and generous nature, and of much dignity and perfect probity of character. His hospitality seemed to have no bound. His house was always open, and his friends, or for that matter, strangers, always wel- come. Ministers, and especially those of his own denomination, were guests whom he took an especial pleasure in providing for; and if the number of those who accepted his kindness, and the frequency of their visits afford any means by which to judge, we may be sure that they fully appreciated his entertainment. He was a man in whom the people generally reposed the highest degree of con- fidence, and when he died, one attestation of this fact was shown in his having a cofisiderable sum of money which he had been given to hold in trust. As one of the founders of the first Circleville academy, he exhibited his interest in educa- tion, and gave the cause the practical assistance of his influence and pecuniary support. He was for many years one of the trustees of this institution, and throughout its existence took great interest in its welfare and usefulness as he did of other institutions in their time. Always upon the side of good morals and improvement, he became at an early day a strong and consistent advocate of temperance. He was one of the very first to take the unpopular step of dispens- ing with liquor in the harvest field. A man of strong and fine religious feeling, err ( il HNN | HH | | HT He ‘ \\ i) ‘ \ c /, p) ve ADAM McCREA. a quality, perhaps, in his Scotch blood—he was an active member of the Presby- terian church, and for twenty years or more a ruling elder. Politically, Mr. McCrea was a strong Whig of the Henry Clay school. He was, in 1845, elected by the legislature as associate judge of Pickaway county— a position which he held until his death. His life closed September 4, 1874. His widow is still living. The children of Matthew and Agnes McCrea were eight in number. Three died in infancy. The others were Adam, born August 19, 1821; Joseph, born December 14, 1827; Eveline Amanda, born March 24, 1829; William, born March 22, 1831; and George, born December g, 1834. Of these, Joseph and Eveline Amanda, are deceased; William is living in Hlinois, George in St. Louis, and Adam in Circleville. ADAM McCREA. Adam McCrea, eldest son of Matthew and Agnes McCrea, passed his boy- hood at the home of his parents, and in the year 1837, when sixteen years of age, entered the preparatory department of Miami university, and graduated in the summer of 1842. During the latter part of his college course he read law, and when he returned to his home, entered an office for the purpose of studying for the profession; but in the spring of 1843 he abandoned the study of law to gratify the wish of his father, and entered actively in the business of farming, in which he continued until after the death of his father, in the fall of 1847. In January, 1848, he purchased an interest in a dry goods store with N. J. Turney. This partnership existed for two years, when Mr. C. F. Machir bought out Turney’s _ interest. The firm was then McCrea & Machir, and continued for but one year. Upon Mr. Machir’s retiracy from the firm, Mr. McCrea associated with himself his brother Joseph, who remained in partnership with him for six years. After that he took his brother George into partnership, and they continued to conduct the business until 1871. Shortly after that Adam McCrea removed to the city of New York, where he remained for over two years. In the winter of 1873-4, he returned to Ohio, and on the first of April, 1874, became proprietor of the Pickaway House, which position he continues to occupy up to the present time. Mr. McCrea was, politically, a Whig, up to the time the Republican party was organized, when he became one of its adherents. He is one of the old members of the Central Presbyterian church, and has been for many years one of its ruling elders. He was first elected to serve in this capacity after the death of his father, and to fill the place made vacant by his decease. He remained in this office until his removal to New York, and since his return to Circleville has been re-elected, and is at present holding that position. For twenty years prior to his removal to the east he was superintendent of the Presbyterian church Sunday- school, and president of the Pickaway county Bible society. He has been an untiring and valuable worker in these fields of labor, and in consideration of his services was constituted a life director of the American Bible society, and of the Presbyterian board of foreign missions. Mr. McCrea was one of the earlier members of the board of education of Circleville, and president of the board for seven years; and while holding that office the first class in the high school was graduated. Mr. McCrea was married January 18, 1846, to Isabella, daughter of Mr. Daniel and Janet Sterling Turney. They have had four children, three of whom died in infancy or early childhood. The first, Janet Denny, was born June 14, 1847, and died October sth, of the same year. Matthew was born August g, 1849, and died April 6, 1850. Nelson Turney, born November 12, 1850, and is at present associated with his father in business. Fannie Delano, born July 12, 1855; died August 7, 1860. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 205 have ever engaged in the same in the county of Pickaway. Four tanneries had been in existence in Circleville, before the one carried on, as already stated, by A. Cra- dlebaugh, in the rear of his hotel; one of the four having been owned by the same Mr. Cradlebaugh, the others by James Bell, James Long and Robert Hayes. The manufacture of cabinet-ware, chairs, shoes and hats, was carried on here by a good many different par- ties, from thirty to fifty years ago. In the Circleville Herald and Olive Branch, for September 4, 1830, we find the advertisement of G. W. and F. Myers, cabinet-makers; of George Wildbahn, cabinet and chair maker, and of Joseph Landes, hat manufacturer. The latter calls for “one or two good boys, sixteen or seventeen years of age, | as apprentices to the hatting busjness.” Robert Hall, where G. H. Fickardt’s drug store now is, had a shoe shop in which some twenty hands were employed. Mr. Fickardt remembers to have seen as many as sixty journeymen shoemakers going about the city in a body, “‘on a strike.” This is probably four or five times as many as are now employed in all the six shops at present carried on in the city. Hargus creek was once an important factor in the man- ufacturing interests of Circleville, the machinery of the saw-mills, carding and woolen-mills, mentioned in this article, having been propelled by the power of that stream. | Now, however, it has shrunk to such a diminutive size, | that it could no longer aspire to the dignity of a mill- | stream, even if its power were never so much needed. | Creeks, therefore, as well as men, may join in the com- plaint of the ancient poet: “ Tempora mutantur, et nos mutamur in illis.” MASONRY.* The Masonic order of this city ranks as one of the original institutions of the county, its organization being two years prior to the incorporation of the then town of Circleville, and its records, aside from those of the county, are probably the oldest now extant, that were made in Pickaway county, and, valuable as they would be for ref- erence, the minutes of the lodge for the first few years have been misplaced, and cannot now be found. From the proceedings of the grand lodge of the State, in session . at Chillicothe, General Lewis Cass presiding, we learn ~ that on Monday, January 4, 1813, “a petition from a number of master Masons residing in the county of Pick- away, praying to be erected into a lodge in the town of | Circleville, in said county, to be called Pickaway Lodge, No. —, was handed in and read, whereupon it was re- | ferred to brothers Merwin, McArthur and Dillon to make a report, and on Tuesday, January 5, this committee re- ported as follows: | “The committee to whom was referred the petition of sundry breth- ren of Circleville and vicinity, have taken into considerafion the same, and are of opinion that the prayer of the petitioners ought to be granted. They would recommend that a dispensation be issued accordingly. (Signed) E. B. MERWIN, Chairman.” On motion, the report was agreed to. Accordingly, a dispensation was issued, and a lodge was organized soon thereafter, to be known as Pickaway Lodge, No. —, with | *By S. B. Evans. the following officers, to-wit: Ralph Osborn, W. M.; Peter Parcell, S. W.; James Renick, J. W.; Jonathan Renick, treasurer; Richard Douglas, secretary; James Russel, S. D.; Ira W. Pier, J. D.; Able Renick, tyler. In addition to the above the following master Masons were returned at the annual meeting of the grand lodge, in Chillicothe, January 3, 1814, viz: Wm. Renick, Wm. Seymour, James Denny, Geo. Brown; and the following fellowcrafts: Wm. Florence, Johnson Hunter, James Bell and James R. Hulse. The lodge began its labors Feb- ruary 6, 1813, James Bell being the first member initiated. At the annual communication of the grand lodge of Ohio, held at Masons’ hall, in the town of Chillicothe, M. W. Henry Brush presiding, January 2, 1815, Ralph Osborn, of Pickaway lodge, delivered to the grand secretary the dispensation of said lodge, and moved that the grand lodge do grant said lodge a charter in lieu thereof, which upon being seconded, passed without division. On the following day, January 3, 1815, a charter was issued to be known as Pickaway Lodge, No. 23, with the following brethren as charter members, viz.: Ralph Osborn, Peter Parcels, James Renick, James Denny, Jonathan Renick, James Russel, James Bell and James Keller. The char- ter is signed by M. W. Henry Brush, G. M.; Jacob _ Burnett, D. G. M., pro fem; Edward W. Tupper, S. G. W.; Levin Belt, J. G.W.; David Kinkead, G. T.; and Robert Kerchival, G.S. In consequence of the loss of the journal for the four years succeeding its organization, but little is known of the many inconveniences, trials and tribulations an or- ganization of this character was subjected to during these infantile years of both the society and the State. Before the order became the owner of a lodge room, they met in the dwelling standing on the southwest cor- ner of Scioto and High North streets (now occupied by George W. Sapp), afterwards occupying a room in the court house that stood in the center of the old circle. At a regular communication July 7, brother Henry Sage pre- siding, the following resolution was adopted, to-wit: Resolved, That it is expedient to appropriate the funds of the lodge to the building of « lodge room, in connection with a school-house, if sufficient funds can be raised to complete a building for that purpose.” Whereupon a committee of five, consisting of brothers Huston, Doane, Kinnear, Bell and Leiby, were appointed to solicit subscriptions and report at a special meeting. Subsequent reports fail to show what success this com- mittee met with, further than at the special meeting re- ferred to, the lodge ordered the appointment of a building committee consisting of brothers Huston, Bell, Webb, Kinnear and Wolfley. This committee was authorized to contract for furnishing the upper part of the building for lodge purposes, which cost the lodge sixty-five dollars and twenty-three and three-fourth cents, and the building (the upper story) cost the lodge the modest sum of four hundred and forty dollars and seventy-three and a half cents, making a total outlay to the lodge of five hundred and five dollars and ninety-seven and one-fourth cents. The lodge moved into this hall in 1825, and June 24th, of the same year, it was dedicated by the grand lodge of the State. 206 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. The lodge continued to meet here until 1848, and on Tuesday evening, March 4th, of that year, a communi- cation was received from Edson B. Olds, offering to sell to the lodge the third story of the- building over the stores of Lyman N. Olds, William Tripplet and Sage & Dunkin, for the sum of one thousand, five hundred dollars. At the regular communication, March rgth, a committee, consisting of Joseph G. Doddridge, J. A. Roof and H. N. Hedges, jr., appointed February 24th, in reference to the purchase, were ordered to contract with Mr. Olds at the price named, which was accomplished March 24, 1845, and June 18th a contract for finishing the new hall was let to Messrs. Gephart and Hartz for the sum of one hundred and twelve dollars, with Thrall, Sage and G. C. Gephart as building committee. Friday, August 22, 1845, the new hall was dedicated by the grand lodge of the State, M. W. William B. Thrall, G. M., presiding, after which an oration was delivered by brother William B. Hubbard (G. H. P. of Grand Chap- ter), at the English Lutheran church, on Franklin street. This lodge room was used, uninterruptedly, for thirty- two years for masonic purposes. On the first day of April, 1874, the lodge bought of Mr. and Mrs. John Henry, for the sum of six thousand dollars, the premises upon which now stands the beauti- ful temple erected in 1875-6. February 23, 1874, a joint stock company was incor- porated under the name of “The Masonic Temple Asso- ciation of Circleville, Ohio,” by Samuel W. Courtright, Samuel B. Evans, William E. Bolin, Charles F. Krim- mel, William F, Hurst, and John H. Bortz. The capital stock was twenty thousand dollars, divided into shares of ten dollars each, the lodge subscribing six thousand dollars, and, in consideration thereof, transferred to the association the lot upon which the temple stands. The remainder of the stock was mostly subscribed by mem- bers of the lodge. The corner-stone was laid by Pick- away lodge, on Thursday, July 29, 1875, by brother S. W. Courtright, grand master by proxy, and on Tuesday evening, July 3, 1877, the lodge, headed by Wittich’s cornet band, marched from the old to the new hall, and after prayer by Rev. brother James ‘T. Franklin, the ' members, and a large concourse of ladies and gentle- men, were addrcssed by brothers C. F. Krimmel, I. N. Abernathy, and S. W. Courtright. The building was erected by Vorys Brothers, of Lan- caster, Ohio, at a cost of twenty-two thousand dollars, under the supervision of brothers N. J. Turney, S. A. Moore, and W. E. Bolin as building committee, with J. T. Harris, of Columbus, Ohio, architect. ‘The structure is forty-six feet wide by one hundred and ten feet long, and three stories high. ‘The first story, since the com- pletion, has been occupied by Amos Beach, on the north side, with a grocery store,-and Darius Pierce, on the south side, with dry goods. The second story is used for offices, and the third story for masonic purposes ex- clusively. The lodge room proper is forty-three feet wide, sixty feet long, and the ceiling twenty-four feet in the clear. After the brethren had their hall and adjoining rooms magnificently carpeted and furnished, at the stated communication of the lodge, February 5, 1879, it was unanimously decided publicly to dedicate it to masonic purposes, and, on motion, a committee of arrangements was appointed, consisting of brothers N. J. Turney, John Boyer, J. N. Abernathy, S. Ward, and A. R. Bolin. Brother S. B. Evans was subsequently added to the committee. The committee and other members of the order worked unremittingly for the affair, and had the satisfaction of seeing their efforts crowned with abundant success. _ Citi- zens seemed to vie with the members of the order in try- ing to make the city appear in its most lovely holiday attire. Arches and banners spanned the streets in every direction. The day was clear, bright and warm. At half past ten o’clock, forenoon, Pickaway lodge was opened in due form in the temple, and, at eleven o’clock, the grand lodge of the State having first assembled in Odd Fellows’ hall, M. W. Grand Master William M. Cunningham pre- siding; entered, accompanied by P. G. M. brother Robert Morris, of Kentucky, took possession of and proceeded to dedicate the new hall in due and ancient form; after which a procession was formed and marched to the fair grounds, where a sumptuous dinner was served ; succeed- ing which, an oration was delivered by brother Robert Morris, of Kentucky. The above are a few of the many points of interest connected with the rise and progress of the order in this city; and it is but justice to the memory of such veteran members as brothers Daniel Turney, Guy W. Doane, William B. Thrall, S. S. Denny, E. Webb, N. Franklin, Matthias Robbins, Andrew Huston, Henry Sage, George C. Gephart, William Leiby, D. Kinnear, P. K. Hull, and a host of others, that their names should be inscribed on the roll of honor; for rarely did a meeting occur that they were not in attendance for many years subsequent to the organization. It is also worthy of record that, during all the long and bitter persecution of the order, from 1826 to 1835, the members of old Pickaway never failed to “meet upon the level and part upon the square.” Brother William B. Thrall was honored with the office of M. W. Grand Master of the State four successive years —1843, 1844, 18.45, and 1846. There are enrolled upon the roster of Pickaway lodge, . at the present time, one hundred and forty-nine master Masons in good standing, four fellow-crafts, and three entered apprentices. ‘The following are the present offi- . cers: Samuel Lb. Evans, W. M.; A. R. Bolin, S. W.; Will- jam A. Griner, J. W.; B. H. Moore, treasurer; H. R. Clarke, secretary; J. D. Newton, S. D.; J. D. Yeager, J. D.; Germain Joseph and Thomas R. Bill, stewards; Peter Barnedt, tyler. Stated communications first and third Wednesday evenings of each month. , CIRCLEVILLE CHAPTER NO. 20, R. A. M. February 23, 1830, a number of R. A. Masons met at the office of James D. Caldwell and organized by select- ing James D. Caldwell chairman, and William B, Thrall secretary. Resolutions were adopted expressive of the feeling of members regarding the organization of a chap- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ter of R. A. Masons in Circleville, which resulted in the appointment of the following committee (to superintend the preparation of the hall for the conferring of chapter degrees): H. Sage, J. D. Caldwell, and W. B. Thrall. The following companions were appointed to be the first officers: H. Sage, H. P.; W. B. Thrall, K.; Andrew Hus- ton, S.; Otho M. Herron, C. H.; J. D. Caldwell, P. S.; Matthias Robbins, R. A.; Captain James R. Hulse, M. F. V.; Andrew Shaughnissey, M. S. V.; and Nelson Franklin, M. T. V. The first meeting under the dispensation was held May 17, 1830, for the purpose of adopting by-laws. At the same time the following petitions were received and referred, to wit: brothers James W. Finley, John Cochran, and Seymour G. Renick. No degrees were conferred until the seventh of June, 1830, when all the degrees of the chapter were conferred on James W. Fin- ley, John Cochran, and George A. Patterson. January sth, A. L. 5831, a charter was granted to the above- named companions, to be known as Circleville Chapter No. 20, R. A. M., signed by John Scatterthwaite, G. H. P. P.; William Gwynn, D. G. H. P. P.; Timothy Baker, G. K. P.; Henry Sage, G. S. P.; John L. Starling, G. 8. In 1834 companion H. Sage was called upon to pre- side over the deliberations of the grand chapter of the State. He was succeeded by companion William B. Thrall, who was again honored by his companions with the office of M. E. G. H. P. in 1839. Circleville chapter has steadily grown in numbers, until now there are ninety companions enrolled. This body has also invested its surplus capital in masonic- temple stock. The meetings have always been held in the same hall with the lodge. The present officers are: 8. B. Evans, H. P.; W. C. Finkel, K.; John Boyen, S.,; B. H. Moore, T.; T. K. Wittich, S.; Palmer Lowe, C. H.; A. R. Bolin, P. S.; Ger. Joseph, R. A. C.; I. N. Aberna- thy, G.M. T. V.; A. Smith, G. M.S. V.; W. H. Moyst, G. M. F. V.; P. Barnedt, G. Regular meetings first Monday evening of each month. TYRIAN COUNCIL NO. 7, R. AND 5S. M. Wm. J. Reese, puissant grand master of the grand council of Ohio, on the seventeenth day of May, 1838, issued his dispensation to Wm. B. Thrall, T. I. G. M.; John H. Tennant, D. I. G. M.; George C. Gephart, P. C. of W., and Henry Sage, Wm. Y. Emmett, D. Kin- near, M. Robbins, S. Diffendaffer, and J. M. Milligan, royal and select master Masons. They were recom- mended by Lancaster Council No. 4, to organize a coun- cil of R. and S. M. in this city, as to be known as Tyrian Council No. —. The first meeting under authority of dispensation, was held in the lodge hall, Academy build- ing, May 17, 1838. Petitions for degrees were received from R. A. masons, as follows: P. K. Hull, J. Case, G. Bruner, G. Botkin, E. Kirkbride, H. S. Chenoweth, J. W. Julian, D. Bruner, J. C. Hunter, and G. Tey. A charter was granted Tyrian Council No. 7, by the grand council, convened at Lancaster, June 22, 1838. The last record of Tyrian Council No. 7, was made 207 April 6, 1846. The funds were transferred to Pickaway lodge, F. and A. M., for use of hall. Tyrian council was reorganized March 20, 1872, by a special dispensation from Jos. B. Conrad, puissant grand master of Ohio, to companions E. Z. Hays, as T. I. G. M.; S. A. Moore, D. I. G. M.; A. Smith, P. C. of W.; also J. T. Duncan, H. N. Hedges, jr., Jacob Rutter, Jason Case, W. B. Thrall, and Nelson J. Turney, all royal and select masters. The council was constituted March 22, 1872, by com- panion Oristes A. B. Senter, by proxy from P. G. M. Jos. B. Conrad. A charter was issued by grand council, in ses- sion at Columbus, on the twelfth day of October, A. D., 1872, to Tyrian council No. 60, R. and S. M., signed by Jos. B. Conrad, P. G. M., and it was duly constituted by companion O. A. B. Senter, by proxy of Grand Master Jos. B. Conrad, January 21, 1873. The first petitions were presented by companions J. D. Courtright, S. B. Evans, S. W. Courtright, George R. Miller, T. K. Wit- tich, B. H. Moore, John Courtright, and P. Lowe. Companion 8. W. Courtright was elected thrice illus- trious grand master of the grand council of the State for three years in succession, 1875-76, and 77. The pres- ent enrollment numbers fifty. The present officers are: S. B. Evans, Q. I. M.; P. Lowe, D. I. M.; A. Smith, P. C. of W.; Germain Joseph, treasurer ; W. C. Finkel, recorder; W. H. Moyst, C. of G.; J. N. Abernathy, C. of C.; Acker King, steward; James O’Neal, sentinel. Regular meetings second Thursday in each month. ODD FELLOWS. Columbia Lodge, No. 32, I. O. O. F., of Circleville, Ohio, was instituted on Monday evening, .August 12, 1844, in the lodge room of the Masonic fraternity, in the second story of the old academy, by Joseph Pheris, act- ing as most worthy grand master of the State of Ohio, assisted by a number of the brethren of Charity Lodge, No. 27, and Chillicothe Lodge, No. 24, in accordance with the established usages of the order, and a warrant delivered to Peter S. Hoffman, Asa Spurgeon, George Umbaugh, Henry A. McCulloch and William Medcraft as charter members. An election was held, and the follow- ing officers were elected and installed: Peter S. Hoffman, N. G.; Henry A. McCullough, V. G.; William Medcraft, secretary ; Samuel Marfield, treasurer. On the same night the petitions of the following persons were received and favorably acted upon, and the petitioners, being in wait- ing, were regularly initiated into the order, to wit.: Justus B. Bell, George Wilmore, John Brotherlin, Joseph L. | Redd, Farus Crouse, W. N. Skinner, James H. Ladd, David Leonard and Samuel Marfield. The only surviv- ing charter member is Peter S. Hoffman, who now resides in Indiana; and of those who joined the first night, the only survivors are J. B. Bell, George Wilmore and Sam- uel Marfield, the last-named being the only one of these who still retains membership in the lodge. The first quarterly election was held September 20, 1844, when the following brothers were elected and in- stalled: H. A. McCullugh, N. G.; William Medcraft, 208 V. G.; J. B. Bell; secretary; Samuel Marfield, treasurer ; J. Redd, warden; George Wilmore, conductor; John Brotherlin; O. G.; H. S. Chenoweth, I. G.; 5. H. Olds, R.S.S.; L. N. Olds, L.$.S.; F. Crouse, R.S. to N. G.; George H. Fickardt, L. S. to N. G.; Jas. H. Ladd, R.S. to V. G., and David Leonard, L. 5. to V. G. In October, 1844, the lodge, having rented and fur- nished two rooms in the third story of Dr. Olds’ block, commenced to hold meetings there, and continued to do so until the fall of 1862, when they purchased the block on the corner of Court and Main streets, now known as “Odd Fellows’ block,” and moved into it. ‘The purchase was stoutly opposed by a number of the members, but that it was a judicious investment is shown by the fact that the revenue of the block has paid over half of the purchase money, the taxes, insurance, and the cost of all the improvements, besides adding to the lodge fund. The property is now valued at twenty thousand dollars, being one of the finest locations for business in the city. At the present writing, the lodge has a larger widow and orphan fund than any other lodge in the State. The first death that occurred among the members of the lodge was that of John B. George, who died Decem- ber 28, 1845, and was buried with the honors of the order, December 3oth. Although not as large, numerically, as a great many others, the lodge is built upon a good foundation, finan- cially, and has become one of the permanent institutions of Circleville. ‘The lodge building is an ornament to the city, and, with few exceptions, will compare favorably with any in the State. Its prosperity is, in a great meas- ure, due to the prudent and careful management and business oversight of its property trustee, brother William Doane. ‘ Its present officers are as follows: Hiram B. Denny, N.G.; Jacob D. Hedges, V. G.; Orin F. Thompson, R.S.; Alfred Pedrick, F. S.; William Bauder, treasurer. Number of contributing members, one hundred and fifty- eight. Number connected with Odd Fellows’ benevolent association at Columbus and Zanesville, eighty-nine. ENCAMPMENT. Pickaway Encampment, No. 11, I. O. O. F., was in- stituted in the hall of Columbia lodge, on the evening of April 21, 1846, by Isaac Hefley, grand chief patriarch of the grand encampment of Ohio. ‘The following were the petitioners fora charter: Edson B, Qlds, ‘Thomas Brown, L. H. Olds, John Brotherlin, L. N. Olds, A. P. Howe, James M. Pratt and Wilson Baker. After the encamp- ment was regularly instituted, an election of officers was held, which resulted as follows: Edson B. Olds, C. P.; L. N. Olds, H. P.; A. P. Howe, S. W.; John Brotherlin, J. W.; Wilson Baker, scribe; James M. Pratt, treasurer. The result having been declared, these officers elect were duly installed into their respective offices. Applications for membership being received from Michael Strayer, John Maiden, Justin B. Bell and C. M, Foresman, the applicants weré elected and initiated the same evening. ‘The followingare the present officers ; Jacob D. Hedges, C. P.; George Krim, H. P.; John Wholoner, S. W.; HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Emanuel Rife, J. W.; William R. Lilly, scribe; D. B. Wagner, treasurer. Number of contributing members, one hundred and forty-seven. LOGAN GRANGE. The third organization of the sort in Pickaway county, and the only one ever established in Circleville, was or- ganized June 20, 1878, by Deputy Newton Rector, of leer Creek township. The officers appointed were as follows: Bentley Groce, master; M. V. B. Lindsey, over- seer; L. E. Scoville, lecturer; Amos Dunkle, steward ; John Greene, assistant steward; John L. Lindsey, chap- lain; J. T. Nending, treasurer; W. S. McCollister, sec- retary; Adam Wegerly, gate-keeper; Mrs. Bentley Groce, pomona; Mrs. W. S. McCollister, flora; Mrs. Isaac W. Stage, stewardess. The organization has become essentially defunct. The last master was elected in 1877. The last secretary was Ira May, elected in the same year. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. The Knights of Pythias lodge was instituted in the city of Circleville January 19, 1874. It is known as Philos Lodge, No. 64. The charter members were Wm. Doane, M. K. Marshall, S. A. Collins, J. W. Irwin, J. P. Todd, C. F. Krimmel, W. H. Nichols, Jos. S. Col- lins, M. B. Radcliff, S. A. Swineheart, S. B. Evans, T. J. Stevens, B. H. Moore, W. F. Tolbert, E. B. Bauder, C. B. Tyler, Geo. Krinn, E. E. Winship, J. C. Redman, J. Z. Krimmel, A. Smith, A. T. Anderson, Z. A. Meeker, A. H. Rouland, Wm. Simpson, T. K. Wittich and Noah Weaver. The first officers of the Lodge were: Wm. Doane, P. C.; M. K. Marshall, C. C.; E. B. Bauder, V. C.; J. W. Irwin, P.; E. E. Winship, M. of E.; J. Z. Krimmel, M. of F.; Jos. S. Collins, K. of R. and S.; C. F. Krimmel, M. of A.; C. B. Tyler, J. G.; Wm. Simpson, O. G. Since the lodge was instituted they have lost by death brother knights : S. A. Swineheart and K. C. Peeples. The Lodge has a fine, though not large, membership, and is in a good financial condition. The present num- ber of members in good standing is forty-six. The present officers, July 7, 1879, are as follows : C. B. Tyler, P. C.; S. B. Evans, C. C.; J. F. Zerch, V. C.; E. E. Bock, P.; M. Hammel, M. of E.; W. F. Tolbert, M. of F.; T. J. Stephens, M. of A.; M. K. Marshall, J. G.; Wm. Simpson, O. G. — Kk. Marshall. T. J. Stephens. lodge representative: M. ‘Trustees: Wm. Doane, M. H. Moore, THE COLORED MASONS, St. James Lodge No. 8, F. and A. M., was organized on the 23rd of May, 1866, by R. W. David Jenkins, D. G. M., with nine charter members, viz: George Blok, W. M.; John Dickerson, S. W.; Henry Stonup, J. W,; John Thornton, treasurer; R. H. Irving, secretary ; George Hacket, 5. D.; Lorrence Gornes, J. 1D.; Henry Nickens, tiler; and R. L. M. Hogan, acting as a chap- lain. ‘The degrees conferred at the organization were at an occasional lodge opened in the office of Dr. Brooks, on Main street, now occupied by the Unéon-Herald print- ing office. On the 2oth of June, 1867, this lodge re- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND ceived its warrant at the annual meeting of the grand lodge, held at Xenia, O., J. W. Goff, G. M.; and J. R. Blackburn, G. S. John Dickerson was its first master under the warrant, and he has held that position every term since, save two. After the organization the lodge occupied a part of the Niles warehouse, where they fitted up a nice hall and leased it for five years, from the then owher, Captain Wm. Triplet. He became financially embarrassed, and the brethren had to seek another place of meeting, which they did by securing the south rooms of the third story of Olds’ block, on the corner of Court and Main streets, which place they have occupied since, save the years 1875 and 1876. ‘The lodge now consists of nineteen members with I. N. Lucas, W. M.; Wm. Stonup, $. W.; A. Haithcock, J. W.; F. V. Lewis, treas- urer ; Wm. Mitchell, secretary ; Geo. Henderson, S. D.; E. Mitchell, J. D.; L. Gaines, S. S.; L. Woody, J. S.; and H. Harvey, tyler. KNIGHTS OF HONOR, Scioto Lodge No. 1370, Knights of Honor, was insti- tuted on the evening of February 12, 1879, in Circle- ville, Ohio, by brother G. D. J. King, of Westerville, Ohio, acting grand district deputy dictator. The first dictator of said lodge was Rev. C. M. Bethauser. The present officers are: H. E. Grand Girard, dictator ; Milt Morris, vice-dictator ; A. J. Grigsby, assistant dictator ; S. L. Grigsby, reporter; George W. Bauder, financial reporter ; James Harsha, treasurer ; C. B. Tyler, guide ; S. M. Lewis, guardian ; William Simpson, sentinel; John C. King, medical examiner; Hon. Samuel W. Court- right, representative to grand lodge; S. L. Grigsby, Geo. W. Downs, William A. Chaney, trustees. There were twenty-four charter members. It now has a membership of thirty-one. Meetings on the first and third Tuesday evenings in every month, held in Odd Fellows’ hall. RED MEN. CONGO TRIBE, NO. 51. Know ye, that the great council of Ohio, Improved Order of Red Men, do hereby grant this charter to the following : Julius Vanhide, William Veith, Jacob Hoffman, Isaac Levy, Fred Warner, Jacob Snider, Julius Weil, Alfred Vanhide, D. O. Stine, all residing in the city of Cir- cleville, and in the State of Ohio, establishing a tribe of the order in said city, to be held and known by the title of Congo Tribe, No. 51. In witness whereof, we, the great chiefs of the great council, have hereunto subscribed our names and affixed the seal of the great council, this 13th sun, traveling moon*, G. S. D. 378. (Signed) RUBERT SNODGAR, G. 5. G. W. CoLtins, G. 5S. 5. HENRY BOHL, G. J.S. E. W. PENCE, G. P. C.s. Bers, G. C. R. Grorce A, Pierer, G.K.W. The present officers of Congo tribe are as follows: Ludwig Magg, sachem; Isaac Levy, 5. S.; Christopher -Roof, J. S.; D. O. Stine, prophet; Franz Moeler, C. of R.; Jacob Krimmel, K. of W. Two members of the tribe have died since it was instituted: Jesse Ward and Archer Granel. INDIANOLA TRIBE, NO. 66. To whom it may concern: Know ye, that the great council of Ohio, Improved Order of Red Men, do hereby grant this charter to the follow- *“ Traveling moon,” October. ‘Tribe instituted ten years ago next October. 27 PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 209 ing: William Doane, I. 2. Todd, B: F. Thomas, S. W. Courtright, M. B. Radcliff, C. B. Tylor, 1. C. Drum, all residing in the city of Cir- cleville, and in the said State of Ohio, established a tribe of the order in said city, the 17th sun, plant moon, G. S. D. 381, at Dayton, Ohio. In witness whereof, we, the great chiefs of the great council, have hereunto subscribed our names and affixed the seal of the great council, this 17th sun, plant moon. (Signed) Jamis T. WIAtrt, GS. FRANK W. ANDERTON, G.S. S, W. Borston, G. J. 5. W. 1. R. Kemp, G. P. CHARLES S. Rerts, G. C. R. GrorcE A. Perer, G. IX. W. This tribe now numbers forty-four members in good standing. The past sachems of the tribe are as follows: S. W. Courtright, William Doane, I. P. Todd, S. A. Swinehart, E. E. Winship, Levi Hammel, William Veith, R. C. Peoples, Charles Roth, M. K. Marshall, James Brown and Jarvis Conor. The present officers are: George Macready, sachem; G. L. Shipley, 5. S.; William Birch, J. S.; James Brown, prophet. . Following are the names of members who have died since the tribe was instituted: B. F. Thomas (S. S.), G. W. Throne, S. A. Swinehart (P. S.), Henry Douthty, R. C. Peoples (P. S.). . This organization is in good standing, and good work- ing order. PUBLIC LIBRARY. The nucleus of this library was formed by the Young Men’s Christian association, a society which, having ex- isted for some years, was disbanded in 1873. On the sixth of March, in that year, they donated their books, amounting to several hundred volumes, to the city coun- cil. It was not, however, until the following year that a regular organization was effected under the Ohio State law of 1868. ‘The first board of managers, appointed in that year, was as follows: W. Marshall Anderson, presi- dent; W. B. Marfield, secretary and treasurer; Mayor George R. Miller, D. B. Barks, W. E. Bolin, C. C. Neib- ling, and E. D. Bowers. A room in Odd Fellows’ build- ing was leased by the council for the use of the library, and Mrs. Mary Carper was appointed. librarian—an office which she has ever since held. A large addition has re- cently been made to the number of books, which now amount to about three thousand, besides the leading magazines. ‘The interest manifested in this important means of public instruction and enjoyment, is in a high degree creditable to the city. The names of the present board of managers are the following: C. A. Helwagen, president; William Drum, secretary and treasurer; Mayor I. P. Todd, W. Marshall Anderson, W. B. Marfield, Charles E. Groce and M. Hoover. ‘THE CITY BUILDING. This is a fine brick structure, with a slate roof, situated on the corner of Court and Franklin streets, opposite the court house. It was commenced in the spring of 1860, and finished in June of the following year. It is three- stories high, thirty-eight feet in width, fronting on Court street, by seventy-five in length, on Franklin. William Doane was the designer of the plan and the superinten- 210 dent of construction ; and both the design and the exe- cution are creditable to his artistic and mechanical skill. The front part of the lower story is occupied as an engine room of the fire department. The mayor’s office is in the west end, fronting on Franklin street. The second story is occupied by the council room, solicitor and clerk’s office, and room for city engineer. On the third floor are three neatly furnished rooms to accommo- date the members of the several fire companies ; and in the basement, under the mayor’s office, is the city prison. The whole, though far enough from being pretentious, is very creditable to the city, and was evidently built / fast. The cost was fifteen thousand dollars, including the furniture of the mayor’s office, council room, and city prison. But the building shows for considerably more than this money, as it was very economically built, the work being let in parts to several mechanics, by a committee of the city council. THE FLORAL NURSERY AND GREENHOUSE, The love of flowers is an indication of a refined nature ; and the community that fosters their cultivation by giving a generous support to those who have made it a study and a business, is one in which cultivated people would choose to live. ‘The Circleville greenhouse was established in 1868 by John Stein, an educated florist and gardener, from Stras- burg, in Germany. The floral garden consists of about two acres, in which are cultivated a large variety of flowering plants, and the large greenhouse is well filled with rare exotics. Mr. Stein carried on the business very successfully for about eight years, and succeeded in ac- cumulating from it a very handsome little property. But in the fall of 1875, from too close an application to busi- ness, he contracted a painful disease (inflammatory rheumatism) which, after more than a year and a half of suffering, terminated fatally. He died, July, 1877, in Florida, whither he had gone, like Ponce de Leon, in seareh of the fountain of health and youth, which, like the same enthusiastic explorer, he found only the grave. The writer of this cherishes a grateful remembrance of Mr. Stein, with whom it was his good fortune to be inti- mately associated during three pleasant years, in central New York. ‘To the happiness of those years Mr. Stein largely contributed, by his fine social qualities, his rare fund of information, and (more than all) his generous christian culture. It is a pleasant and altogether fitting coincidence, that his mortal remains should now be re- posing in the “flowery land ;” but it is still more pleas- ant to think of his immortal spirit enjoying, in a state of conscious felicity, the rest of paradise, ‘Where everlasting spring abides, And never-fading flowers '"— flowers of which those he here loved so well, are’ only the faint type and resemblance. In May, 1877, the nursery and greenhouse were sold to John Stevens, who is the present proprietor. A RARE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE. We deem it a pleasure, as well as a duty, to notice a rare literary venture which would be noteworthy, even if HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. undertaken in any of our great intellectual centers, and by our most celebrated scientific men. But emanating from a small “provincial town,” remote from great liter- ary institutions and publishing houses, and conceived by the courageous minds of two young ladies previously unknown to fame, it is simply marvelous. We refer to an illustrated serial work (only one number of which has as yet been issued) on an important branch of ornith- ology, thus far slightly treated, with the following title: “Illustrations of Nests and Eggs of Birds of Ohio, with Text: By Genevieve E. Jones and Eliza J. Shultze.” The recent sad and widely lamented death of Miss Jones will not, we understand, interrupt the progress of the work—her mother, who is amply qualified for it (and from whom her own rare qualifications were largely derived), having consented to take her place. In their “announcement” to the public, the authors make the following statements, which embody their esti- mate of the work they have undertaken : ‘The innumerable difficulties of such an undertaking, have hereto- fore discouraged all attempts in this direction, and to-day this work stands alone, the only publication of the kind in America.” ‘‘When completed, the volume will contain an illustration and description of the nest (if a nest is constructed) and eggs of each species known to breed in the limits of the State. This will comprise about seventy plates and two hundred pages of reading matter, and when bound will be one of the most beautiful and desirable works that has ever appeared in the United States, upon any branch of natural history.” And that this is only a moderate self-appreciation, is fully evinced by the concurrent testimony of the leading American ornithologists, to whose judgment the first part has been submitted. This is from Dr. Brewster : “Tf the high standard of excellence established in Part I. be maintained throughout the succeeding numbers, the work, when completed, can scarcely fail to take rank high above anything of the kind that has appeared in this country.” This from Dr. Cones: “I had no idea that so sumptuous and elegant a publication was in pre- paration, and I am pleased that what promises to be one of the great illustrated works on North American ornithology, should be prepared by women.” And this from Mr. Minot: * My enthusiasm has not been so ex- cited for a long while. After careful consideration, I can think of no book of natural history, in which the beauties of art and of hature are so largely combined.” Although we do not feel qualified confidently to pre- dict the pecuniary success of this volume, yet we have no hesitancy in saying that 7 ought to succeed. But whether it succeeds or fails, the undertaking is an honor to Circleville, and well worthy of a place in its history. We trust that we violate no confidence when we state that the text which accompanies the illustrations in this book, is from the facile pen of Dr. Howard E. Jones, brother of the lamented young lady to whom the incep- tion of the work is largely due. AN OBLITERATED VILLAGE. The town of Livingston was laid out about the year 1805, by Daniel Dreisbach, in what is now the southeast comer of Circleville township. It thus had the start of the town of Circleville by six or seven years, and, if it A. W. THOMPSON, M. D., was born in Heath, Franklin county, Massachusetts, December 16, 1814, of Scotch-Irish parentage. He was the third son, and fourth child, of William and Lovina Thompson, who were natives of Coleraine, Massachusetts. His mother’s maiden name was. Caldwell. She was the daughter of Joseph Caldwell, who was one of the earliest settlers of Coleraine. His boyhood was spent upon his father's farm. He had the advan- tages of the common schools of the day, and attended two terms at Whiting Griswold’s high school. With such educational facilities, he was enabled to acquire a good general knowledge of the common branches, and an acquaintance with mathematics and the natural sci- ences, sufficient for all practical purposes of life. Ata very early age he began teaching in the district schools, during the winter, working on the farm during the summer time. ‘The social peculiarities of the com- munity in which he was born, had a more powerful influence upon his character, in its development, than his education in the schools. It is related of Heyne, that he knew of but one essential for making a scholar: “He should be able to read;’” all else could be acquired by applica- tion. ‘To learn to read, a teacher is necessary; having learned this, the thoughtful student has in his possession the master-key which unlocks everything else. Dr. Thompson was born ina community known far and wide for its intelligence and stern christian morality. Catechetical training by the ‘‘country parson,” and, at the fireside, by the parents, was the common custom of the times. The Bible was the text-book, on reading, in the common schools. Men were brought daily to the con- sideration of the highest problems of duty to God and humanity. Dis- cussion of theological questions was the evening pastime of neighbors when they met, during the long winter evenings. Among such surround- ings, at first a listener, at last a participant, the young man grew, and without knowing it, had become an acute reasoner, and no mean He knew things, but not definitions. There was Men grew up self-reliant, con- This was his prepara- antagonist in debate. a lack of polish, but there was strength. scientious and competent—fitted for any sphere. tion for the study of medicine. In February, 1838, he became the student of Wayne Griswold, of Whitingham, Vermont, who, subsequently held an enviable practice in Circleville, where he died in 1873. In the fall of 1838, he attended his first course of lectures, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in the Berkshire medical college. After the close of the lectures, he became the pupil of + Hon. S. W. Williams, M. D., of Deerfield, Massachusetts, a man who, at that time, had few peers, and no superiors, in the medical profession of Massacusetts. In October, 1839, he came to Ohio, and completed his medical course under the direction of his brother, J. C. Thompson, M. D., of South Bloomfield, Ohio. During the winters of 1839-40, and 1840-41, he attended lectures in the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, where he received his degree, M. D., in 1841. He took the highest stand in his class in the studies of anatomy and chemistry. He located in the practice of medicine at Kingston, Ohio, in June, 1841, where he remained till 1859, when he moved to Circleville, where he has ever since, with the exception of a few months, been in the active practice of his profession. During his residence in Circleville he has held, much of the time, the largest practice in the county—a portion of the time larger than any one man ever held. In 1863 he formed a professional partnership with D. N. Kinsman, M. D., who now resides in Columbus, and at its termination, in May, 1866, with the late S. D. Turney, M. D.—this latter arrangement exist- ing nearly six years—in 1877 with George T. Row, M. D., who is still with him. e He has had an active professional life of almost forty years, in a prac- tice both surgical and medical, such as rarely falls to the lot of medical men. The marks of his success are to be seen in the confidence of his patrons, and the affectionate esteem in which he is held. He is a close observer, and possesses a rare faculty of holding in his mind the details of his cases; in this respect we know of no man in our professional ac- quaintance who is his equal. Before the discovery of the anzesthetic properties of ether had been published to the world, Dr. Thompsvn had, for himself, discovered its wonderful power, and introduced its use in labor cases. He was proba- bly the first physician in the Scioto valley to administe1 chloroform as an aneesthetic ; and so, during his entire professional career, he has stood in the ranks of the advanced thinkers, and has kept pace with the rapid developments of modern medical science, both in theory and practice. As is common ina long course of practice, he became confident, self- reliant, though ever ready to gratify the wish of friends, or better the condition of the patient, by accepting the advice of the learned and ex- perienced in his profession; and, in return, was sought as an advisory physician, having, for a long time, held a large consultation practice. The value of such a life to any community cannot be estimated. In storm and sunshine, by day and night, alike by deeds of kindness and of sympathy, he has shown himself a lover of his fellow man. He has shown himself worthy of being trusted at all times and on all occasions, when the highest courage and promptest decision were required. In August, 1844, Dr. Thompson was married to Miss Diantha M. Entrekin, of Pickaway county. To them were born three children— Clifton B., Florence L., and Kate C.—all of whom survive their mother, who died in August, 1858. Dr. Thompson was again married in May, 1860, to Miss Harriet B. Lyon, of Oxford, Ohio. To them have been born four children—Fan- nie M., Mary E., William G., and Anna E.—all of whom are living. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 2it had not been swallowed up by its more fortunate suc- cessor, it might now have been the capital of Pickaway county. We fear that Circleville has a good deal to answer for. It sat down upon the works of a pre- historical race, and crushed them out forever. It sprang up in the neighborhood of two already promising villages (Livingston and Jefferson), just breathed upon them with its more prosperous breath, and they vanished away. But let it not boast itself, as if it alone were immortal. Its destroyer will also come, and all that its peaceful inhabitants, in their present sense of security, can say, is, “After us, the deluge.” Livingston became quite a thriving village, containing some thirty or forty families. It had three or four stores, the first established being that of William Carlisle. John Ely had a silversmith’s shop, and the other trades were quite well represented. It was vacated about the year 1830, and the ground which it occupied forms (we believe) a part of the old Ludwig farm. Every trace of it has now disappeared, and when (as may very well happen) some future Goldsmith of the west shall sing its romantic but melancholy fate, he will not call it the “deserted,” but the obliterated village. A MEMENTO OF THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION OF A NEIGHBORING STATE. While rummaging among the early records in the re- corder’s office at Circleville, we stumbled upon the fol- lowing interesting relic, which seemed to us well worthy of a place among our historical collections. It is a deed of manumission, in the form of a will, made by one Edmond Lyne, a slave owner, in Bourbon county, Vir- ginia, November 26, 1791, signed by Thomas West and Richard W. Downing, as witnesses, and admitted to pro- bate, in the county court, the next month, on motion of Harry Innis, the friend and executor of the said Lyne. A copy of the will, and proof, is furnished to Booker, one of the slaves manumitted, (and’ doubtless to others) to erve as “free papers,” with a certificate by the said Innis, as executor—all the copies being attested by Thomas Arnold, clerk of Burbon county. The inference is that Booker, having strayed into Pick- away county, some nineteen years after the transactions referred to, had the papers recorded, as a matter of pre- caution, in the recorder’s office at this place. The will seems to us exceedingly touching in its quaint simplicity, and must have been written (as is evident from a com- parison of the dates) when the testator was very near his end—that “last wish” being, perhaps, almost his last word. The several documents, with their signatures, are as follows: ‘‘Whatever form or mode the State of Virginia may or shall adopt for my appointing my friend, Harry Innis, to govern or execute my de- sign, or forward the execution of this, my, last will and testament, is uncertain, as I am not acquainted with the form of law. However, this much I wish to be done. bondage under me, shall be liberated. This far I hope my friend, Harry Innis, will conduct and perform, which is my last wish. EDMOND LYNE, TuHos. WEST, Nov. 26, 1791. RicH'D W. Downinc. |A copy]. Teste: Tos. ARNOLD, C. B.C. : BoukRBON County, December Court, 1791. On the motion of Harry Innis, executor of Edmond Lyne, deceased, it is ordered to be certified that the slaves emancipated by said docu- First, after my death, each slave that is in° ment are Matt, about thirty years of age; Dick, about forty ditto ; Booker, about twenty-seven ditto; Sarah, about thirty-five ditto; Jemima, about twenty-five ditto; Mill, daughter of Jemima, born'Feb. 18, 1787; James, son of ditto, born Sep. 20, 1788, and Lucy, daughter of ditto, born March 3, 1791. Teste: T1108. ARNOLD, C. B. C. The bearer hereof is Booker, a slave emancipated by the within will. Witness my hand this 28th day of December, 1791. HArRky INNIS, Executor of Edward Lyne. [A copy.]* THos. ARNOLD, C. B, C, Here, then, was another noble Virginian, who, like another noble son of the “Mother of Presidents,” was not ashamed to acknowledge, by an affecting and im- pressive act, that he “trembled when he remembered that God is just.” This was eight years before the death of the noblest of all the Virginians, who also refused to go out of the world leaving a slave in “bondage under him.” If the generous spirit of emancipation, which actuated these men, and which was, at that time, evidently rife throughout the South, had been cherished, instead of being smothered out, the desolating, but, fortunately, un- successful rebellion waged two generations later for the perpetuation of slavery, would, happily, have been . avoided; and the precious treasure, and still more pre- cious life, which (as elsewhere shown) the county of Pickaway so generously furnished for the suppression of that rebellion, would have been preserved for better uses in happier, if less heroic, days. COLONEL ANDERSON’S CABINET. One of the most interesting and instructive institutions of Circleville is the cabinet of Indian curiosities owned by Colonel W. Marshall Anderson. The colonel is deeply versed in all matters pertaining to American archeology. His reading, in this most interesting department of learn- ing, is very extensive, and his personal explorations have been, perhaps, still more extensive. Few men in the west -are more familiar than he with the mounds, and other relics of the ancient races, both in this country ard Mexico. His cabinet is largely the result of his own ex- plorations, and it has been made the receptacle of similar contributions from his many friends in various parts of the country. His collection is especially rich in articles of ancient American pottery, and probably contains the largest number of entire vessels in that style of primitive art to be found in any existing cabinet. It is well known that the most of the specimens of ancient pottery, taken from the mounds, are found only in fragments. Any eastern antiquary, exploring a mound in the west, would feel hiniself well repaid for his labor, if he should find a piece of genuine and unmistakable ceramics an inch syuare. To sucha one the large number of entire bowls and other utensils, contained in Colonel Anderson’s col- lection, would be a sight to behold. We regret that we have neither time nor space for an elaborate description of the interesting relics contained in this cabinet, but we advise all our friends to take the first opportunity to see it for themselves. They will find its gifted proprietor accessible, courteous, and affable; and even more cnter- taining and instructive than the sight of his rare curiosi- ties will be his intelligent and graceful account of them, 212 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. CIRCLEVILLE JOTTINGS. We consider Circleville one of the most pleasantly- shaded towns with which we are acquainted. Almost every street, except in the very center of the business part of the city, is bordered by trees, whose overhanging boughs protect the pedestrian from the heat of the sum- mer sun at all hours of the day. ‘The soft maple, so well adapted to cultivation as a shade tree, from its beautiful form, dense foliage, and rapid growth, is the “one most frequently met with here. But the hard maple, elm, and other choice forest trees, common throughout the north- ern States, have been planted in considerable numbers ; and among them, here and there, may be scen that mag- nificent flowering tree, a native of the south, but fairly acclimated to the winters of this latitude—the catalpa, whose broad, dark-green leaves render it attractive during the entire season, but which, during the month of roses, is made gorgeously beautiful by its great clusters of white blossoms, flecked with yellow and purple. The walls of the stone church (St. Philip’s Episcopal), of several of the brick churches, and many private dwell- ings built of the same material, are beautifully decorated by that finest of the American climbing plants, known in botany as the Ampelopsis quinguefolia, but commonly called Virginia creeper, or American ivy; and, on some of the finest residences, the experiment of naturalizing the English ivy has been made, but with unsatisfactory results—since that historic plant is not of our winters “to the manor born.” A succession of mild seasons had sent it up, in some places, almost to the roof; but the last winter, which was of unusual severity, nearly froze it out, leaving its naked stalks, interspersed here and there with lines of green leaves——a sad defacement upon the walls which they had recently covered with a rare and beauti- ful decoration. But while it gives us pleasure to record the instances of good taste in arboriculture, manifested by the people or Circleville, “the truth of history” requires us to make note of one painful exception. We refer to the planting (in only a few localities, however, we are glad to say) of that most unambrosial misnomer, “the tree of heaven;” which, when in blossom, smells as—well (not to put too fine a point upon it) as no tree so named ought to snicll. It was our misfortune, while writing a portion of this his- tory, to occupy a room, near the window of which stood one of these Chinese intruders, in full bloom. The tor- tures we underwent, during that one malodorous week, often led us inwardly to cxclaim, with a distinguished statesman of the past generation, “our suffering is intol- erable!” If any of our readers have ever endured a tithe of what we then suffered, they will pardon, even though they cannot justify, the apparent uncharitableness of the resolutions which were passed, ew. con., by the general assembly of our own mind, and which we will here put on record, as a warning to the tree importers of future times. They are as follows: “Resolved, ‘That the man who first brought to our shores that stinking exotic, the l//antus glandulosa, ought to have been hung to one of its branches till he smelled as bad as the nuisance which he perpetrated upon the country: Provided, it were possible for human carrion to achieve such a miracle of stench. . “Resolved, That the A. g., above named, is one of the Chinese that ‘must go.’" But it is the condition of its streets, walks and alleys, which gives to Circleville its chief pre-eminence over all the cities we have ever seen, without exception. It 1s literally a mudless city. All the roads leading into it are turnpikes, made of pebbles, or cobble-stones, covered with gravel. All these were once toll-roads, but some of them have been bought up by the county and made free, and the freedom of the others is only a question of time. Every one of the city streets has been skillfully graded, turnpiked, and covered with gravel, of which inexhaust- ible beds of the very best quality for the purposes of road making, are found in and about the city. Some of these streets furnish drives as luxurious as the famous “shell road” of New Orleans. ‘The gutters are almost every- where paved and kept unobstructed, so that, after a rain, the water runs off in an incredibly short time. The side- walks, with which every street is fnrnished, are of unusual width, and constructed largely of brick—though some are of flagstone and some of a cement made of coal-tar and gravel. And, what would strike our western friends as something marvelous, all the alleys, even, are covered with the last-named ubiquitous material, and kept so free from filth and rubbish that, whenever convenience re- quires, they are used as thoroughfares both by drivers and pedestrians. We repeat, therefore, what we have already said, in substance, that, as to its streets, walks and alleys, Circlevile may safely challenge comparison with any city in the country. But, as we felt compelled to notice one exception to the general good taste and’ judgment manifested by the people of this city in the matter of tree-planting, so we feel bound, as impartial historians, to make note of a somewhat similar exception to the general rule of tidiness in their streets and alleys. We refer to their unaccount- able toleration of the pig nuisance. It is proverbial that familiarity with characters deemed respectable sometimes breeds contempt. And we fear that, conversely, famili- arity with objects contemptible sometimes breeds, if not respect, at least indifference. And thus it may have come about that a cultivated and refined community, from long familiarity with the pig nuisance, have ceased to be aware that, really, in sense as well as in sound, it is a dz nui- sance; that hogs of all ages, sizes and colors, grunting and nosing about the streets and sidewalks, in front of business houses and private mansions, are not sightly and agreeable objects ; and that the Irish gentleman, “Who kept the pig in the parlor, And that was Irish, too,” is not a fair sample of the outgrowth of modern civilization. By an architectural peculiarity of the place, this allu- sion to “the pig in the parlor,” is rendered less extrava- gant, as a description of the state of things in Circleville, than one who has never been here would imagine. We refer to the fact that many, even of the more elegant houses, are built close to the street, without yard, or fence, or the possibility of any. As many of these houses are not provided with halls, the parlors open directly up- on the sidewalks; and here, during the summer season, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 213 the families and their guests are accustomed to bring out their chairs in the cool of the day, to enjoy a social chat and the evening breeze. But this, of course, is almost a literal extension of the parlor into the street, and since, by common consent, the street is the pigs’ habitat, where, sauntering along in their lazy dignity, they might at any time make themselves part and parcel of some group of bipedal intruders, we see that “the pig in the parlor” ceases to be a figure of speech, and becomes a possibility, if not an actual fact. But we would not do the pig any injustice. On the contrary, we are disposed to be charitable ; and, like Southey, we would fain write an “apology” for him. Per- mit us to say, then, that he is a very peaceable citizen, and always attends strictly to his own business. If all other citizens were like him, in this respect, the public peace would never be disturbed ; and there would never be any angry controversies, social, political or religious. He was never known to be taken to the calaboose, for any offense whatever. And if the authorities had (which they have not) a pound for his especial accommodation, and he were taken there ten times a day, it would never once be his own fault. He never gets intoxicated ; and if, -cocasionally, he is seen in the gutter, you may be sure he went in, not “drunk as a lord,” but sober as becoming an honest and orderly pig. And since, as already stated, he never—‘ hardly ever””—finds any mud there, he is never less a nuisance than then. But when a bipedal pig, having made a swill-barrel of himself (though with which swill no true hog would ever taste) rolls helplessly into the gutter—bah! Who can endure the sight ? We feel compelled, therefore, to admit that, even in the quiet, well-ordered and beautiful town of Circleville, ‘the pig is by no means the most offensive of citizens. TOWNSHIP. ORIGINAL PROPRIETORSHIP. All the lands in Circleville township, until they were purchased and entered by private individuals, were own- ed by the United States. In other words, they are known as ‘‘ government lands,” in contradistinction from the “ Virginia military lands,” which comprise some of the other townships in Pickaway county. SETTLEMENTS. We have obtained the original entries of all the lands now comprised in the township of Circleville. It is cer- tain that a few of the persons making these entries never settled on the lands they entered; but that most of them did, is verified by the recollection of two of the oldest residents of the original township of Washington, viz.: George Try, now (and for many years) living in Circle- ville, and Jacob Hitler, living just beyond the line, east; also by that of Samuel Lutz, now of Salt Creek township. The township of Circleville contains sections five to eight (inclusive), seventeen to twenty, twenty-nine to thirty-two, and fractional sections one to seven, of the _ Original township. ‘The original entries of all these sec- tions and fractional sections are as follows—the most of the sections being entered in quarters: Section five was entered by John and James Reed, George Moots, John Justice, and Peter Bunn, in 1804, 1805, and 1806; section six by George and Philip Moots, Joseph Yates, West Miller, and Thomas McNeal, in 1804 and 1805; section seven by Conrad Moots, West Miller, John and William McNeal, and Thomas McNeal, in 1804, 1805, and' 1806; section eight by John Dunkle, Benjamin Yates, and John Stine, in 1805; section seven- teen by Jacob Hosselton, Mitten & Clark, William Walker, and Henry Zimmer, in 1804 and 1805; section eighteen by Weaver & Roush, Thomas McNeal, Jesse Kent, and John Geehr, in 1804 and 1805; sections nine- teen and twenty by Jacob Zieger, sr., May 7, 1801; sec- tion twenty-nine by Samuel Hill, on the same date; sec- tion thirty by John Wright, Joseph Lane, and Adam Weaver, in 1804; section thirty-one by Joseph McCune, June 8, 1803; section thirty-two by Robert F. Slaughter, June 9, 1801; fractional sections one and two by An- thony Boucher, who procured his government patent April 30, 1813; fractional sections three and four by John McNeal, July 10, 1804; fractional section five by Jacob Zieger, sr., May 7, 1801; fractional section six by Will- iam Stump and George Breyfogle, November 12, 1805; and fractional section seven by Joseph McCune, January 8, 1803. Section nineteen, about half of each of the sections twenty and thirty, together with fractional sec- tion five, and about half of fractional section six, now make up the territory of the city of Circleville. The heirs of Anthony Boucher, who entered fractional sections one and two, still live upon the same land. Samuel Hill, who settled on section twenty-nine, was from Kentucky. Jacob Hitler says that the first settlers on section thirty-two were Samuel and John Thomas, brothers, from Pennsylvania. John Wright, who purchased one one-quarter of section thirty, was an uncle of Mrs. George Try. In early life he had been captured by the Indians, was with them several years, and spoke their language readily. Mr. Gregg now owns section thirty-one, entered by Joseph McCune. Daniel Ludwig came from Berks county, Pennsylvania, about 1805, and purchased section thirty-two, which had been entered by Robert F. Slaughter, being situated in what is now the south-east corner of Circleville township. His son, Jacob Ludwig, still lives on the old home- stead—the fine brick mansion built many years ago by his father, being the first in the county constructed of that material. Jacob Hitler and his brother now own the farms di- rectly north of Ludwig’s, on which they have lived many for years. Their father came to this county as early as 1798. Henry Triece (or Trees) came from Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, about the year 1806. He pur- chased the land on which the Forest cemetery now is, and owned it till about 1840, when he sold it to Mr. Mowery. John Rowe, grandfather of Mayor Todd, about 1808 purchased the farm west of John Wright’s in section thirty. 214 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ADDITIONAL NAMES OF OLD SETTLERS. Henry Foresman was born in Lycoming county, Penn- sylvania, September 19, 1786, and came to Ohio in 1811, driving out one of the teams of his uncle, William Fores- man, a pioneer settler in Wayne township. He married his cousin, Jane L. Foresman, daughter of Alexander Foresman, March 17, 1814. He subsequently purchased a farm a short distance west of the old village of Jefferson, in Pickaway township. ‘The purchase price was six thou- sand dollars, of which he paid four thousand dollars down, but was never able to pay the balance, owing to the hard times succeeding the war of 1812. ‘The sad re- sult was, that he lost the farm and all that he had paid. After renting a farm for a year or two, he settled [1823] in Circleville, where he commenced working at the black- smith’s trade, which he followed the most of his life. He died September 17, 1860. His wife died January 6, 1869. He had four children, of whom the three sons are all living, viz.: William K., a blacksmith, living in Circleville; Robert, a mile north, and Alexander, in Florida. The daughter, Sarah Jane (Plumb), died De- cember 13, 1857. Alexander Foresman (brother of Henry, mentioned above,) came from Northumberland county, Pennsylva- nia, to Pickaway county, in 1812. He was a weaver by trade, and located in Circleville, where he continued to live until his death, in 1832. He was a captain in the Revolutionary war. Henry Burget came from Hampshire county, Virginia, to Pickaway county, in 1811, and in 1812 bought the farm owned by Mr. Denny, just north of the corporation of Circleville. There he lived till 1836, when he re- moved to one of his houses in town, only to die, and be buried in what is now called the old cemetery. He had married in Virginia, about 1803, Mary Dickson, of whom he had nine children—four born in Virginia, the rest here. All these are dead but two sons and one daughter. The two sons, James and Washington, live in Illinois, and the daughter, Mrs. Sarah (Burget) Smith, still lives in Circleville. She married, in 1826, William D. Smith, of this place, a farmer by occupation, who died in 1856, having had, in all, sixteen children, nine of whom are still living. INCORPORATION OF THE ‘TOWNSHIP OF CIRCLEVILLE, The first recorded action that we can find, looking toward the division of the old township of Washington, and the erection of its western part into the township of Circleville, is the minutes of the commissioncrs of the county of Pickaway, of 1830 to 1837, as follows: “PickAWwAy County, Olllo, March 4, 1833. The petition of sundry citizens of Washington township, in said county, was this day laid before the commissioners of said county, praying fora division of said township, which was continued till to- morrow, March 5, 1833.” Immediately under this, on the same page, stands the following : “MARCH 6, A. D,, 1833. The above petition, | being] viewed and considered on this day, there wits a division |i. e., disagreement] of the commissioners present, to- wit: John Boggs, esq., against division; John Mills, in favor of division; and a notice of Daniel Dreisbach, esq., in favor of the division, which is now on file." | | | Across both of these minutes several lines of eras- ure were drawn; but several pages further on we find the following: “MARCH 6TH, 1833, PICKAWAY Co., O. On the application of sundry citizens of Washington township, for an immediate advertisement for an election to be held in the new town- ship, as petitioned for, named by two of the commissioners, (to-wit, Daniel Dreisbach and John Mills) Circleville township, and that a board not being present, and a division in the opinion of those present, it is therefore ordered that the above petition and application be suspended until 18th March, inst. JouN MILLs, DANIEL DREISBACH.” “Vurch 7th, Notice of appeal this day entered by Fohn Shoup, esq.” “And on the r1th March, A. D., 1833, a notice was filed, directed : To 11k COMMISSIONERS OF PICKAWAY COUNTY : Gentlemen—You will please to take notice that the undersigned citi- zens and residents of Washington township, in Pickaway county, have taken an appeal from your decision, made by you at your March ses- sion, A. D. 1833, dividing Washington township in said county of Pickaway, and that the same will be presented to the court of common pleas of said county, at the next May term, for hearing. Yours, &e., JOHN SHOUP, JOHN YATES, ANDREW BRINER.” These are all the records to be found in the minutes of the board. It would seem from this, that the erased minutes were really the record of an action, taken by the county com- missioners, which was regarded as an actual division of the township. But whether this was so or no, it is pretty obvious that action was taken, of which no record has been preserved. For instance, there is no record of the naming of the new township by Dreisbach and Mills, who constituted a majority of the board. How it hap- pened that a part of the records were kept, and not all; and what has become of the papers which are spoken of as being placed on file, we have found nobody that can tell. The eighteenth day of March, the day set by the commissioners for considering ‘the application of sun- dry citizens for an immediate advertisement of an election to be held in the new township,” we may suppose to have been allowed to pass without any action, because nothing could be done before the hearing of the “appeal,” which was set for the May term of court. But who authorized the election which, as we shall see, must have been held about the first of April, will prob- ably forever remain a sealed mystery. Duaing its May term, the court of common pleas, as we find in the records, made the following order: “John Shoup and others, Muy term, 1833. sioners of Pickaway county, making a new :\n appeal taken from a decision of the commis- township by the name of Cirnleville township. The court, having carefully inspected the papers in the case, and heard the arguments of counsel, do order that the same be stricken from the docket for want of jurisdiction.” Meanwhile the people had “cut the Gordian knot ” by holding an election of officers for the new township. In the office of the township clerk we find a record, not of their election, but of their being sworn into office on the 2d of April, 1833. We hence conclude that the election must have been held about the rst of April. The officers inducted at that time, were the following: Jacob Leiby, township clerk ; Ferguson Flemming and John Groce, trustees ; Henry B. Joy, Wm. L. Pembroke and Edwin R- Reigen, constables ; George C. Gephart, fence HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. viewer. Whether any other officers were elected that year cannot now be ascertained. The first election of which we find a complete record, was the one held March 4, 1836, when the following officers were elected: Valentine Keffer, township clerk ; sworn into office be- fore John Ludwig, justice of the peace. Matthias Rob- ins, Thos. Pedrick and Jacob Try, trustees; sworn in Jerome Wolfley and | before the clerk, Valentine Keffer. James Gill, constables; sworn in before the same. drew Briner, Francis Dana and Thomas Moore, super- visors; sworn in before the same. Wm. R. Rinehart and Henry Forseman, overseers of the poor; sworn in before the same. John L. Green, James Gill and Wm. McArthur, fence viewers; sworn in before different of- _ ficers. We close our notice of township incorporation, by giv- ing a list of the present officers. It will be seen that several new offices have been added, and that of “fence viewers” dropped. The election took place April 7, 1879. Parmer Lowe, Lewis Atkinson and Jason Case, justices of the peace; George Gearhart, Wm. Cage and Franz Moeller, trustees; J. F. Hoffman, treasurer; W. H. Sweyer, clerk; Wm. Mitchell, constable; H. Seigwald, E. K. Rife, Jerome Wolfley, Louis Meyers, James Sim- mes and Lew. Pontious, assessors; Erwin Jones, Wm. Noonan and James Shaner, supervisors. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS IN THE TOWNSHIP. x These are hardly as diversified as might be desired. The wonderful adaptedness of the soil to wheat and corn, the universal demand for those staples, and the small amount of capital, as well as skill and practice, necessary for their cultivation, gave to them an early pre- ponderance over other industrial products, which they have been allowed to hold longer, perhaps, than they should. The raising of cattle for the eastern market has, at different times, been quite largely carried on, and the “hog crop” has always been large, as the immense “clearances” of pork and lard abundantly show. But the citizens complain that not a pound of cheese is raised in the township, for sale, and hardly butter enough for the home demand, and that, too, of an inferior quaility. With a soil capable of producing the most nutritious grass in abundance, there would seem to be no good reason why both cheese factories and creameries could not be made to yield a handsome profit. Let us hope, too, that at no distant day, mills for the manufacture of lin- seed oil and fibre will be established in Circleville; thus stimulating the cultivation of flax, and giving employment to many, otherwise idle, hands, and much unemployed capital. Several portable steam-engines, manufactured by the Scioto machine works, are owned in different parts of the township, and are operated by their owners wherever needed, in sawing wood and lumber, and, more especially, in threshing grain. ' | | | i t ' | I ! An- | In the vicinity of the town, there are several large veg- | etable gardens, one of which (that of Mr. Geo. Sweiger) raises vegetables for the Columbus market—all the others being needed to supply the home demand. There are, 215 also, several brick kilns, owned and operated ouside of the corporation, one of the largest being that of Mr. Mc- Collister, just north of the city. In going about over the township, we have been much | gratified by the general evidences of thrift and comfort everywhere presented. The primitive mode of architec- ture, as seen in the log cabin, has not yet disappeared, and we will not deny that its occasional appearance adds somewhat to the picturesqueness of many a beautiful landscape. But we own ourselves better pleased with the elegant farm mansion, so often met with, located on its well-chosen site, overshadowed by graceful trees, amid decorated grounds, which tell unmistakably of the pres- ence of wealth, of culture, and of refinement. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF CIRCLEVILLE. The early physicians of Pickaway county, in common with all the early settlers in a heavily timbered country, had, from their first arrival, and for many years, a life of hardship to endure and gigantic obstacles to overcome. The patients they were called upon to visit lived, in most cases, at a considerable distance from each other, and the only roads were blind paths and blazed trees from one habitation to another. A journey of many weary miles each day, accomplished on horseback, had to be taken in order to visit a very few families, and often these journeys were attended with great danger, for no matter how wild the storm, or how swollen the streams, suffering humanity must be relieved. Fevers and ague were the prevailing diseases, and at some seasons they baffled the skill of the best physicians of the day, and became malignant, threat- ening at times to depopulate the country, and drive the settlers back to the borders of civilization to preserve their lives from the unseen foe. Among the first physicians to locate in Pickaway coun- ty, were Dr. Daniel Turney, Dr. Erastus Webb and Dr. William N. Luckey. Dr. Turney removed from Shep- herdtown, Virginia, to Ross county, Ohio, in 1800. He first-commenced the practice of medicine in Jefferson, Pickaway county. He removed to Circleville about the time the town was first laid out, in 1810, and became the first résident physician of the place. He was an eminent physician and surgeon, and made himself thoroughly ac- quainted with the various types of disease incident to the disturbance of the virgin soil of the new country. He was eminently successful in his practice, and never re- mitted his exertions to heal the sick while life lasted. He remained in Circleville until 1823, when he removed to Columbus, where he continued in practice until his death, in 1827. Dr. Erastus Webb was the second physician to locate in Circleville, arriving about 1815. His former home was in New York State. He continued in successful practice throughout the adjoining county, having an ex- tensive ride, and possessing the confidence of the people in a marked degree until his death, which occurred in 1848. Dr. William N. Luckey was the next physician in Cir- cleville, coming to that place from Pennsylvania in about 1819. He did his share of the practice, and was known 216 as a careful and painstaking practitioner. He continued in business until his death, in 1847. Dr. Hill was a student of Dr. Webb, and after prepar- ing himself under the instruction of so good a_practi- tioner, he began the practice of medicine in about 1825 or 1826. He remained in practice in Circleville a few years, when he removed to near Terre Haute, Indiana, where he practiced until his death many years later. Dr. Edson B. Olds came to Ohio in 1818, then a poor young man of sixteen years of age. He taught school to procure the means for obtaining a profession, and com- menced the study of law with his brother, Joseph Olds, Owing to an impediment in his speech, he was discour- aged from continuing the study of law, and shortly began the study of medicine with Dr. William N. Lucky, fin- ishing his studies at a Philadelphia medical university. He began practice at Kingston, Ross county, in 1824, and remained there about four years. In 1828 he came to Circleville and conducted a successful practice until 1837, when he engaged in a general produce and mer- cantile business. He became an active politician, and was several times elected to the State legislature, and twice to congress. He removed to Lancaster in 1859, and died there in January, 1879. Dr. Peter K. Hull settled in Circleville about 1834 or 1835, and practiced medicine until about 1844, when he removed to Monticello, Indiana, where he died about 1858. Dr. T. H. Gibson was a native of Pickaway county, and early commenced the study of medicine with Dr. William N. Luckey. He began practice about 1823, and continued at his profession until 1836. He suffered from consumption, and visited White Sulphur Springs, Virginia, for relief, but died from the disease when on his return to his home, in 1836. . Dr. Finley practiced medicine in Circleville from about 1825 to 1833, when he removed to South Bend, Indiana. Dr. A. W. Thompson is a native of Massachusetts, and in that State commenced the study of medicine. Before completing his studies he came to Ohio and read with his brother, Dr. J. C. Thompson, of South Bloomfield, after which he graduated from Berkshire medical college. He first commenced practice in Kingston, Ross county, and, after a short time, removed to Circleville, where he has built up a large and lucrative practice. An extended notice of his life appears in another part of this work. Dr. J. B. Jones was a graduate of the Jefferson med- ical college, Philadelphia, in the class of 1837. diately after graduating he began the practice of his pro- fession in Muskingum county, where he remained two years, in 1839 removing to Circleville, where he built up an extensive practice. He was a victim of consumption, and spent one winter in Texas, in search of a relief from the dread disease. His death occurred in Circleville, in 1846. He left a widow and one child, who now live in Circleville. Dr. Wayne Griswold was born and received the benefit of an academical education in Buckland, Franklin county, Massachusetts. He studied medicine and graduated from Berkshire medical college, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1834. Immediately after graduating he commenced the Imme- | HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. practice of medicine in Whitingham, Vermont, where he ' remained until 1839, when he removed to Circleville. He had a house and office on the lot now occupied by the court house, and, after obtaining a good start in busi- ness, lost all by a fire, which destroyed his buildings. He then commenced again, and, with indomitable en- ergy, built up a large and lucrative practice, which he continued until 1872, when he retired from active labor, leaving his business to Doctors Wilder aud Bowers, his nephew and son-in-law. In 1849 he engaged with his brother-in-law, W. W. Ballard, in the drug business, con- tinuing his connection with this business until 1865. To him a great deal of the credit of the present mission-school system of Circleville is due. He was an indefatigable worker in the cause of education, and served some time on the school board and in the city council. Politically a democrat, he worked for the success of his party, and, in 1847, ran for State senator, and, in 1851, for repre- sentative, but did not secure an election. In 1853 he was elected member of the board of public works, and served one term. His death occurred in October, 1873. Dr. Chester Olds came from Vermont to Circleville about 1850, and engaged in the practice of medicine, at which he continued some ten years, when he died. Dr. Louis Bierce came from Athens some time after 1840, and died in Circleville, after practicing about two years. Dr. H. C. Johns read medicine in Circleville with Dr. J. B. Jones, and engaged in practice with him for a short time. He removed to Decatur, Illinois, about 1849, and is now in practice there. Dr. Kingsley Ray practiced in Worthington and in Delaware, and, in 1845, removed to Circleville, where he practiced until 1865, and where he now resides. His biography appears on another page of this work. Dr. Charles H. Hawkes graduated at Berkshire medi- cal’ college, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1845. After graduating, he read another year at Middlebury, Ver- mont. In 1847, he commenced practice at Tarlton, Pickaway county, and in 1848 came to Circleville, and entered into partnership with Dr. Marcus Brown, with - whom he continued one year. In 1849, he opened an office by himself, and continued in practice until 1873, when he was seized with a disease of the brain which eventually caused his death, in 1878. He was placed in the insane asylum at Dayton, for a time, and then at Athens, where he received marked advantages, and was, after a time, able to return home, where he remained some fifteen months. His malady returned, and he was taken to the asylum at Columbus, where he died. Dr. ‘Taylor commenced practice in Circleville about 1848, and continued until his death, from cholera, in 1850. , Dr. Marcus Brown, first commenced practicing in Wil- llamsport, Ohio, in 1825. He remained there eleven years, when he removed to Circleville, and continued to practice until 1850, when he sold his business to Dr. Tay- lor. In 1849 he engaged in banking in Circleville. An extended notice of his life will be found in this work. Dr. Samuel D. Turney read medicine under Dr. P, K. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Hull, and attended one course of lectures at Starling medical college, in 1849-50. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1851, and immediately engaged in practice in Circleville, and continued in active business until his death, in January, 1878. His biogra- phy appears on another page of the Circleville history. Dr. N. E. Jones graduated from the Cleveland medical college, in 1846, and practiced in that city two years. He then spent several years in the West, a part of the time in Dubuque, Iowa. In 1853, he came to Circleville, where he opened an office, and has built up an enviable practice. In 1878, he associated with him his son, Dr. Howard E. Jones, who had read medicine with him, and graduated at the Ohio medical college, in Cincinnati, in the winter of 1875-6 He afterwards took a post-grad- uate course at the college of physicians and surgeons, in New York. Dr. William L. Peck came to Circleville about 1855, and practiced in company with Dr. Chester Olds until 1861, when he he was commissioned as assistant surgeon in an Ohio regiment. He was afterwards promoted to surgeon of a regiment, and served until the close of the war. Soon after his return he was appointed superin- tendent of the Columbus insane asylum, where he re- mained until after the institution was burned. He was in charge during the rebuilding of the asylum, until it was near completion, when another took his place, and he removed to Cincinnati, where he established a sanita- yium, He remained in Cincinnati for some time, and then removed to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he now resides. Dr. Baldridge practiced the eclectic system uf medicine for a time, previous to 1857. Dr. Longshore practiced the eclectic system for a time, and died in Circleville in 1854 or ’55. Dr. Jephtha Davis was an eclectic physician here from about 1858 until 1872, when he removed to Kansas. Dr. C. C. Sharp came to Circleville from Galveston, Texas, about 1857, and remained in practice until about 1869, when he removed to Columbus. He left there for Lexington, Kentucky, thence to Louisville, and is now _located in Chicago. Dr. D. M. Kinsman came to Circleville when a young man, and was for some time employed in the schools of the place. He read medicine with Dr. William L: Peck, and graduated from the Ohio medical college, Cincinnati, in 1863. After his graduation, he entered into partner- . ship with Dr. A. W. Thompson, which continued until 1866, when he removed to Lancaster. There he re- mained five or six years, when he became connected with Starling rhedical college, Columbus. Dr. G. A. Wilder read medicine with Dr. Wayne Gris- wold, in 1856, and for several years afterward. He at- tended lectures at Berkshire medical college, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1864. In 1865 he en- tered into partnership with Dr. Griswold, in Circleville, where he has since remained. Dr. Griswold gave up his practice in 1872, since which time he has been in partner- ship with Dr. Bowers. Previous to entering upon the regular study of medicine he was employed in the drug 28 217 store of Griswold & Ballard, and, while there, made con- siderable progress in his studies. Dr. E. D. Bowers commenced the study of medicine under Dr. H. Culbertson, of Zanesville, where he re- mained but a short time, when he went to Philadelphia, and studied nearly three years, graduating in 1861, at Jefferson medical college. In 1862, he was commis- sioned assistant surgeon of the Ninety-third Ohio infantry, and in March, 1865, was promoted to be full surgeon. Soon after being mustered out of service, in October, 1865, he was, for a time, in the asylum for the insane at Columbus, as assistant, and in 1867 entered into partner- ship with Drs. Griswold & Wilder, in Circleville. 1872 he has been in partnership with Dr. Wilder. Dr. M. Hammel read medicine with Drs. Griswold & Wilder, in 1865, and in 1868, graduated from the Ohio medical college, of Cincinnati. He engaged in practice at Five Points, in Monroe township, where he remained five months, when he removed to Waterloo, where he practiced six months. In the spring of 1869 he located in Circleville, where he has since remained. Dr. A. H. Shaeffer graduated from Starling medical college in 1849, and soon after commenced the practice of medicine at Royalton, Fairfield county. He remained there but a short time, when he removed to Oakland, in the same county, and practiced eighteen years. In May, 1860, he came to Circleville, where he has since been en- gaged in the practice of his profession. Dr. L. C. Vernon read medicine with Dr. Sharp, in Circleville, in 1857. He graduated from the Eclectic medical institute, at Cincinnati, in 1864, and went to Zanesville, where he practiced until 1873, when he came to Circleville, where he has since practiced. Previous to his graduation he practiced for a time at Washington Court House. Since Dr. A. P. Courtright was a student with Drs. Turney & Thompson, in 1864. He attended lectures at Miami medical college, Cincinnati, where he graduated in: 1867. After graduating he was chosen by competitive examina- tion, physician in the old commercial hospital, (now the Cincinnati hospital) for one year. He was then appointed assistant physician at Longview lunatic asylum, Cincin- nati, where he remained three years and ahalf. He then engaged in private practice in Cincinnati for a year and a half. In 1873 he came to Circleville and opened an office. He was in partnership with Dr. Turney from January, 1877, until his death, since which time he has conducted business by himself. He has built up an ex- tensive and lucrative practice in and about Circleville. Dr. G. T. Rowe read medicine in the office of Dr. S. D. Turney in 1874~7, graduating the latter year from the university of Maryland, at Baltimore. He attended one course of lectures in 1876, at the. Ohio medical college. In 1877 he entered into partnership with Dr. A. W. Thompson, with whom he is still associated. Dr. Thomas Blackstone was a student with his uncle, Dr. William Blackstone, of Athens. He attended one course of lectures at the Ohio medical college, in 1872, and graduated from the Bellevue hospital medical col- lege, in New York, in 1873. In 1874 he was appointed . 218 assistant physician at Athens asylum for the insane, where he remained three years. He then spent a year in London and Vienna, at their famous hospitals, and in the fall of 1878 came to Circleville, where he now practices. Previous to entering upon the study of medi- cine, he graduated from the Ohio university, at Athens. Dr. F. Baker practiced in Ashland, Kentucky, for a time, and in 1878 came to Circleville, where he is now in practice. Dr. John C. King graduated from the university of Nashville, in 1874. In 1872 he commenced the homceo- pathic practice in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and served on the staff of physicians at the homceopathic charity hospital of Pittsburgh, for three’years. In 1878 he came to Circleville, where he has built up a good practice, being the only physician of that school in the place. Dr. George A. Rowe read medicine with Dr. L. C. Vernon, in 1875, and graduated from the eclectic medi- cal institute of Cincinnati, in 1878. Since that time he has been located in Circleville. Dr. Tomlinson came to Circleville in 1878. He had been in practice in other places some fifteen years pre- vious to his location here. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, WILLIAM B. THRALL. WILLIAM BaRLow THRALL was born in Rutland, Ver- mont, the twenty-first day of June, 1798. His father, Jesse Thrall, was born in Windsor, Connecticut, and set- tled, as a farmer, in Rutland, in 1791. He was the son of Samuel Thrall, a farmer, and captain of a company in the war of the Revolution. Samuel was a son of John Thrall, second, who was a son of John Thrall, first, who was a son of Timothy Thrall. Timothy was a son of William ‘Thrall who, in 1829, was a member of Rev. Mr, Wareham’s church, organized at Plymouth, England, for the purpose of emigrating to America. In 1630, the church arrived in America, and located at Dorchester, Massachusets, but, in 1635, it removed to Windsor, Connecticut, where William B. ‘Uhrall’s father, Jesse, was born. William’s mother was Mabel Rose, the daughter of Justus Rose, of Granville, Massachusetts. Justus was one of a numerous family of great longevity, His mother lived until she was one hundred: and three years old. When she was one hundred years old, a meet- ing was called, a sermon preached, and her descendants enumerated. Of these there were found to be living over four hundred and fifty. : Thus, William B. Thrall’s ancestors can be traced back until they are found participating in that bloody struggle which gave this country its freedom, through the war of the Revolution, and, back of all that memorable conflict, to the old Puritans, who left England that they might en- joy civil and religious liberty. Eighty-one years ago, even in New England, education HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. was yet in its infancy. There were, it is true, a few col- leges struggling into life, but, with the average farmer of that early day, when the sterile hillsides and contracted valleys had furnished food and raiment for the family, there was seldom anything left with which to supply the ambitious’ boy the wherewithal to secure a collegiate edu- cation; and so, the primitive country school must suffice. Such was William B. Thrall’s lot ; and, thus equipped, at the early age of fifteen, he entered the office of the Rut- land Herald, William Fay, owner, to learn the art of print- ing. But the termination of the lad’s schooling was by no means, the termination of his studies. On the con- trary, it was but their commencement, growing with his years, and, during his long and useful career, furnishing him with pleasant occupation for each leisure moment. Nor were the duties of the printing office sufficient to sat- isfy his developing capacities. He soon began, himself, to write short articles for publication in the newspaper where he was serving his apprenticeship; and, thus early, was commenced that great talent in journalism which characterized his after life. Whether any of these boyish efforts shared the com- mon fate of beginners—the waste-paper basket—or not, is not certainly known; sure it is that some did not, and he soon had the supreme satisfaction of seeing his own young ideas in print, besides not only having had the previous pleasure of placing them in type and reading the proof, but also of striking off the newspapers. Thus, step by step, William advanced from roller-boy onward, until, at the end of four years, he was declared a com- petent journeyman printer. During this time, not con- tent with his printer’s task, his hours for the reading of useful books, and his newspaper productions, he burned midnight oil in the practice of epistolary correspond- ence, and so laid the foundation of that terseness of expression and gracefulness of style, which, during his long life, never ceased to charm those who were so fortu- nate as to be recipients of his letters. Now that the trade was learned, and that the dawn of manhood was showing itself in the first down of the coming beard, William looked up at the mountains and across the hills of his Vermont home, and they seemed small, and the valleys appeared cramped. There came into his heart a desire to be out and away from what was rapidly growing to be something like a prison life. He found his eyes strained in the direction of the setting sun—toward that wonderful western wilderness. It was the old story that was being repeated in that New Eng- land home, in this boy’s feelings and desires. The swarming time was at hand with him, and so the popu- lous hive started out another of its representatives to the then far west. Nor trunk, nor even sachel, was needed to carry his slender wardrobe; it was all com- prised in the space of a cotton handkerchief, which, on a stick, slung across the shoulder, with a few shillings in his pocket—the savings of his printer’s experience — made up his worldly wealth. Thus equipped, and with the blessings of his christian parents, in the early autumn of 1817, William turned his face westward. Without reflection, this journey to Ohio seems a small HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 219 matter, because since then, thanks to steam, space has been almost annihilated, so that a trip from Vermont to Ohio, now, is scarcely more than a visit from one neigh- boring village to another. Then, it was, as it were, going from one world to another. There were to encounter, wild beasts and savage Indians; to traverse bridle paths, called roads; to pass through hundreds of miles of inter- minable forests; there was the fording of streams, some- times swollen by recent floods; camping out by night; and the rude fare. It was all that can be embodied in the idea of companionship with primitive nature. To say good-bye to one in those days, who was to undertake a journey such as William was about to commence, ap- peared like saying it forever. And what made this jour- ney more remarkable was the fact that he was a lad of only nineteen, his worldly possessions in a little bundle, with only a few shillings in his pocket, and nothing be- yond them but his trade to rely upon for his support— thus equipped, going out into this western wilderness. Just what young Thrall was proposing to do, however, thousands like him in New England had done, were do- ing, or would do, later, and in this way. With this grand material was the great west, in a large measure, to be populated. Remembering this, we are not surprised that the development has been so rapid and substantial. It was safe to feel that boys who had the courage to encounter pioneer life as William was about to do, had the material in him to make a success, and this doubtless buoyed up his parents to bravely undergo the trying or- deal of separation. Good fortune met our young hero on the threshold of his departure. A neighbor of the Thralls, Deacon Pratt by name, prepared to journey his way, and he secured the opportunity of riding with him. At frequent intervals, however, through the hilly and mountainious regions, and over the bad roads, the men had to get out and walk; thus much of the way to Ohio was made on foot by our young emigrant. Fifteen years previous to this time, what was known as the Granville company, had emigrated from Granville, Massachusetts, to what is now known as Granville, Ohio. The colony was composed of three families of the Roses, relatives of William’s on his mother’s side; one family of Thrall’s, his father’s relatives, and one family of Graveses, which had intermarried with both the Thralls and Roses. After undergoing all the hardships of first settlers, this colony was now well established, and was constantly receiving new accessions from New England. Thitherward our party of emigrants bent their way. The journey occupied a full month. When they started, the foliage was in the green of summer, but ere they had reached their destination in Ohio it had taken on the glorious hues of autumn. This Granville colony was a band of devout christians, and when their time was not occupied with their severe tasks of opening up the new country, it was spent in devotional exercises. Deacon Pratt’s party chanced to arrive at Granville just as one of their frequent religious meetings had opened under the trees, where, in the pleasant days, it was their wont to hold service. They were attracted to the spot by the sweet strains of sacred music. ‘The services were stopped to give the new comers a cordial greeting, Either through the occasional mails, or the incoming settlers from New England, the coming reputation of our jour- neyman printer had preceded him, and so it was the wish of the congregaton, made up largely of his relatives, that he should take part in the service, which he did, reading them a sermon in his travel-worn costume and fatigued condition, delighting every one by his modesty, graceful manner, and clear enunciation. This episode made young Thrall at once the hero of the Granville colony. He was carried off in triumph by his uncle, Lemuel Rose, to his home, where he remained until the following spring. There were two daughters, his cousins, about his own age, in the house, and not content to be idle, William assisted them in milking the cows, besides making himself generally useful in wood chopping and helping at the general farm chores. Plow- boys and axemen were more in demand at this time than journeymen printers, and so, when spring came, William found it necessary to hunt for work in his line, and thus, for two years, he vibrated between Granville, Zanesville, and Worthington, winding up in Columbus, in the fall of 1818. . These journeys from village to village he usually made on foot. Once, in going from Worthington to Granville, having to pass a stretch of woods fourteen miles in ex- tent, he was followed the whole distance by what he sup- posed was a dog. The animal was large, lean, and hungry-looking. Telling his uncle about it when he reached his house, he was informed that the supposed dog was a wolf, and, from his having followed him so far, he was a hungry one at that, and that he had made a narrow escape in not being attacked. At the time of young Thrall’s first entrance into Columbus, both Worthington and Franklinton exceeded it in size and population. Three years previous to his arrival it could only boast of one brick house, in the location corner of Broad and High streets, as it now is known, with simply the foundation of the State house laid. The year previous the first trees had been girdled, of which there was a dense growth, the dead trees being cut down the following spring. Thus, when Thrall’s eyes first rested on Columbus, it was but little more than a village of stumps. The Western Intelligencer was at this time purchased by Griswold, Olmsted & Buttles, and moved from Worthington to Columbus. In addition to publishing this paper, they had the contract for State printing, and in this office Thrall found himself a journeyman printer. There being neither hotels nor boarding houses, as yet, to speak of, in this newly-fledged capital, the employees of the office were given board and lodging among the families of the proprietors, and here, for the first time since he had left Vermont, our wandering printer had the promise of something like permanent employment. As the result, he felt a home feeling springing up in his breast; another fate, however, was in store for him. His brother Walter had swarmed from the parent hive in 1815, first locating, as had William afterwards, at the Granville colony, then at Worthington, and finally at the 220 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. village of Circleville, where there was already a news- paper published. It was called the Olive Branch, and its proprietors were Guy W. Doane, Gen. Joseph Renick, and J. M. Hays. The owners were not satisfied with their printer, which Walter Thrall learning, he called upon them, and gave them the information that he had a brother in Columbus who was a competent printer and a reliable young man, whose services he thought they might secure. Delighted at these testimonials, they im- mediately engaged Mr. Thrall to go to Columbus and secure the services of his brother, and to bring him back with him at once. Mr. Thrall found his brother reluctant to go. “I have,” said he “three months’ steady work here, and don’t think I ought to leave it.” “At Circleville you have a chance for three years’ steady work instead of three ‘months’,” was Walter’s reply. Finally, William consented to go. Walter had come from Circleville, on horseback, and it was arranged that they should take turns in riding back; as the saying was, they would ‘ride and tie.” William’s arrangements for departure were simple enough. His wealth had not in- creased since leaving Vermont, and so the old handker- chief and staff were again brought into requisition. It is impossible to say which of the two brothers’ turn it was’ to ride when they reached Circleville, but, either riding ot walking, in this primitive way William at last reached the little village, which, for the next quarter of a century was to claim him asa resident, and which he was to honor, and which was, in turn, to honor him with pub- lic positioris, kindly feelings and warm affections, such as falls to the lot of but few men, either to experience or deserve. Only a few months previous, the subject of this sketch had passed his twenty-first birthday, so that his first ap- pearance in Circleville was in the earliest blushes of man- hood. With his hand upon his heart, we believe he could look back upon his twenty-one years of life, and truth- fully say that not only had there been no sowing of wild oats, but they had not been marked by a single act, the recollection of which could bring the blush of shame to his cheek ; and yet, doubtless, somewhere, and at differ- ent times, through his limited school experience, or printer’s apprenticeship, or in his wanderings since he left the parental roof, temptations had been offered to him, which boys of a different mould would have absorbed as the sponge absorbs water—which, indeed, but few reject as completely as he had done. And now, here he was in this little village, a man at last. Though with all the enthusiasm of the boy, and with mirth, humor, and a cheerful disposition, that he never parted with during his life, yet, he was thoroughly practical; and eager was he to commence the task which, while it was to assist in the growth of the village, would, also, result in leading him up*to substantial success. Circleville was, at this time, about all embraced within the circle of the old fort, which, wheel-shaped, sent out from the hub, where the court house was located, four roads, like spokes. The houses were built fronting on the court house circle, and so were narrowed in the front, widening out in the rear. There were about five hundred souls, all told. Thus, it was scarcely more than a settle- ment, and its future, in more ways than one, all lay be- fore it. Small as it was, however, it could yet boast of the inevitable tavern, with its indipensable tap, where liquor was drank, not always by the glass, but more often out of a tin cup, and the habit of drinking was then as common a practice asit is now uncommon. This tavern was kept by a jolly fellow named Olney Payne, and the tap-room, which was also the office, was the general lounging-place for the villagers. The landlord thor- oughly believed in the saying, ‘(laugh and grow fat,” and practiced the same upon his guests, by provoking rounds of laughter from them over his funny stories. At this tavern Mr. Thrall located himself, at two dollars a week for his board and lodging. Money was then but little known, a great deal of the business being done through barter. This, Mr. Thrall soon found out, and so he ar- ranged to pay his board as he was paid, that is, by orders upon the establishments for whom the printing office was doing work. At the time of’ Mr. Thrall’s location in Circleville, he describes the general situation, as follows: ‘The country was then emerging from the effects of the war of 1812, which effects were most disastrous to the growth and progress of this then frontier region. There were then no great thoroughfares. in Ohio to bear off the surplus products of the soil. Railroads were not even thought off, and canals only heard of as the topic of speculative enter- prise on the one hand, and of vituperative ridicule on the other, by the politicians of New York. We much question whether there was a single mile of macadamized turnpike in all the southern half of the State. The periodical January and June freshets in the Scioto were the sole reliance for getting off to a precarious market the surplus products of this whole region ; and many were the lives sacrificed to that perilous trade. The financial expedients consequent upon the war, or, perhaps, in- separable from the formation of new and remote settlements, had destroyed every safeguard to a prudent and prosperous business. Cur- rency, such as it was, was sufficiently abundant, but actual doa fide cash was quite another thing. ‘‘Owl creek," and ‘‘coon box,” and ‘“‘muttontown,” were household words applied to the apology for a currency, but real cask dollars were almost unknown. While one dol- lar in cash could not be realized fora hundred pounds of flour, coffee was retailing at fifty centsa pound ; and it was thought a peculiar hard- ship when the merchants refused ‘‘cut quarters,” and required round silver in payment, which became the case soon after the inventive genius of the time suggested the practicability of realizing five ‘‘cut quarters” from a dollar.” What a piece of photography is this description, and what a change has the last half century wrought in the section described! No man in the country contributed more towards it than did Mr. Thrall through that pen, which in his hand, was certainly ‘mightier than the sword.” Mr. Thrall did not long remain journeyman printer in the office of the Olive Branch. He formed a partnership with Mr. Joseph Olds, and they purchased the establish- ment. His next step, a year later, was to purchase his partner, Mr. Olds’ interest, and thus at the age of twenty- one, he became the sole owner and editor of the Olive Branch, which he continued to own and edit either under that name, or that of the /erald, for twenty-five years. Characteristic of the spirit which animated our young republican editor, he adopted as the motto for his edi- torial head, that line from the immortal bard of Avon, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 221 which he puts into the mouth of the wary Cassius, “I was born free as Czesar ; so were you.” Still later in his journalistic experience, he transposed and modified the name of his paper so as to read Cvrele- ville Herald and Olive Branch. In a letter upon the subject in after life, he says: ‘cA whole chapter might be exhausted in assigning reasons for this change. Suffice it to say that times were sadly out of joint—a radical change was being assiduously infused into the spirit of our public insti- tutions—the executive was rapidly absorbing both the other branches of the government, and we were making railroad speed towards ab- solutism.” The paper was outspoken in denunciation of these perilous innovations, and the switch with which it scourged was anything but a mild and peaceful olive. Thus, forty years after it occurred, he tells us that his paper was too belligerent to be sailing under such peace- ful colors, and so he must needs put them in the back- ground. What delicacy of feeling does it not disclose! And this gives us the opportunity to say that William B. Thrall, whether with friend or foe, or in whatever capaci- ty in life, always and everywhere, was just what he seemed to be. This refined sentiment, that in his early life in- duced him to make the above change in his newspaper, because he was engaged in a warfare, while it was an em- - blem of peace, went with him through life, and when the candle was flickering in the socket, it shone out brighter than ever. The purchase of the Olive Branch thus early in life, ‘illustrates one of Mr. Thrall’s striking characteristics: that of steadfastness of purpose. The reader ‘will re- member how, at the age of fourteen, he resolved to be- come a journalist, and, while he was learning the manual part of the business, how he was also practicing episto- lary correspondence and writing articles for publication, besides seizing every spare moment to store his mind with useful knowledge, and here he had accomplished his in- tention upon the very first opportunity which had opened to him, We say they “purchased” the Olive Branch, when we should have said that they bargained for the purchase. Neither of the partners had any money, and so they sim- ply agreed to pay four hundred dollars as fast as the office earned it! So much confidence had Mr. Thrall inspired in him- self, that his late employers did not even require a note for the purchase money. As an editor, Mr. Thrall rapidly developed the faculty of saying whatever he meant, and observed the habit of meaning what he said. Disdaining alike concealment and equivocation, it was always known where he might be found, and there was no mistaking his position. En- tering upon his duties with fundamental rules like these for his guide, he was ever prompt to contend for what he regarded as the right; and, prompted by feelings of the highest patriotism, it is not surprising that, in a career of much longer duration than falls to the lot of most editors, he found frequent occasion to shiver a lance with an ad- versary. Nor was he found either slow or unwilling in defence of his principles, when assailed by a foeman worthy of his steel. The office throve under Thrall & Olds’ administration; but the latter, feeling that there was not a sufficient sup- port for two persons in a village newspaper, and desiring to enter upon the study of law, offered his share to his partner for three hundred dollars, to be paid at conven- ience. This offer disclosed another life trait in Mr. Thrall’s character—extreme caution. Instead of accepting the offer at once, he waited to consult his brother, Walter, who advised him by all means to purchase ; and so anx- ious was Walter, for his brother’s sake, that he “insisted upon going at once to find Mr. Olds and close up the bargain. They finally found him a couple of miles from the village, at Mr. Short’s, a shrewd farmer, whom he had gone out to consult as to the advisability of the proposed sale. Mr. Thrall informed his partner at once that he would take his interest at the price named, but was an- swered that, upon consultation with his adviser, the farmer, he had decided not to sell for less than four hundred dollars. The purchase was a desirable one, and so Mr. Thrall accepted the increased price, thus having to pay one hundred dollars for his caution. Two hundred dol- lars, his share of the first purchase, and now four hun- ered dollars for his partner’s interest, put Mr. Thrall in debt six hundred dollars, which he had to pay from the earnings of the office, besides keeping it up and giving him a support. Every business-man knows how difficult it is to accomplish this task. Six hundred dollars now seems like a very small sum, but at the day of which we are writing, it was a great deal of money. Doubtless it was the work of years, with the closest management, to lay by the means from the revenues of his office, to cancel this debt; and in order to accomplish it at all, for a long time the sole employee of his office was a boy, whose parents deputized the young editor to scold if he did not do right, and this failing, to whip. The press was a “Ramage,” the kind used by Benja- min Franklin. The ink was put on by means of a ball, and it was difficult to spread it even, so as to get a good impression; nor was this at all accomplished in the office of the Olive Branch until Mr. Thrall, finally taking ad- vantage of the parental authority with which he had been deputized, several times administered the birch, and at last, either because the boy had learned, or through fear of further castigation, he managed to do his work well. A year after Mr. Thrall’s arrival in Circleville he had the satisfaction of being able to leave the tavern for a pleasant home with his brother Walter, who married at that time. s Illustrative of the general scarceness of this early day, it is recorded that the newly-married couple could only find six plates in the village of Circleville, this being the entire stock of crockery ware in the settle- ment; and for cups and saucers they were forced to wait until some one visited the then far off pretentious town of Chillicothe. Three years after Mr. Thrall’s settlement in Circleville, in 1822, he was married to Nancy Graham, who died the following year. Two years later, in 1825, he maried 222 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Maria Rockwell, who still survives him. Out of nine children, as the fruits of this marriage, four only reached maturity. Thus, grief was not an unfrequent visitor to this household, and the chastening hand showed itself in its softening influence upon the father. The names of the children who reached maturity, and who, save one, are still living, are William Rockwell, Caroline Maria, Henry, and Theron Russell. They have all done credit to their ancestor. When Mr. Thrall first located in Circleville the post- master was George Wolfley. He died in 1822, and his last request made to Mr, Thrall was that his widow should be his successor in office, as her only means of support. Mr. Thrall at once made application to Mr. Adams for Mrs. Wolfley’s appointment, but, to the great disappointment of all, was informed that it was against the rules of the department to ‘appoint a woman. Not to be thwarted, however, in the accomplishment of the husband’s dying request, he made application for the place for himself, which was successful, and, notwith- standing his other tasks, he himself performed all the duties of the office during his entire term, save the receiving and distributing of the mails, which was done by the widow Wolfley, turning over to her every penny of its revenues. Mr. Wolfley was only one of the many, who, in the few years of our young journalist’s residence in Circle- ville, had learned to love him for his many good traits of character, and so he was constantly being sought for as an adviser and friend in distress; and this increased from year to year during his residence of a quarter of a century in Circleville, and never was he known to turn a deaf ear to the cry of distress, or to close his voice when his ad- vice was sought. His leadership in Circleville commenced with his resi- dence, and this as strikingly illustrated in the rapidity with which the habit of whiskey-drinking, hitherto so prevalent, either disappeared or became disreputable, and ere long the general tone of this western settlement com- menced to improve; not that Mr, Thrall’s example alone accomplished this good work. All that can be claimed for him is that he was onc of the leaders; and as it was his wont always to vigorously denounce whatever he dis- believed, just as he always strenuously advocated his be- liefs—and, moreover, being at the head of the newspaper, and so preaching his weekly sermons——all this made him a powerful factor in the accomplishment of good; and it is therefore safe to say that no one did more for the general advancement than he. The Herald, under his administration, at once con- ceived the true sphere of the local newspaper, that of publishing the news—-and so, with the rest, there was always a faithful record of marriages and deaths. As an illustration of his graceful style at an early age, we give below one of the first of the former notices to appear: “Joining of the cereals at : Alfred Corn was mar- ried to Julia Wheat.” A highly complimentary notice of one John Welker, deceased, also appeared about this time, the circumstances of which Mr. Thrall delighted to relate as one of the humorous incidents of his early life. John’s father was a German, and, upon his son’s death, he at once proceeded to the Herald office, and, in his broken speech, said: “Mr. Drall, my son Shon he go died last night, und I wants you to put him in the news- baper, und gif him a goot recomadation; for Shon vas a goot poy.” We have said that at this time money was but little known. This, first the Ove Branch, and then the Her ald, fully testifies to, by such notices as the following: "A few well-dressed buck-skins are wanted at this office in payment of debts.” “Maple sugar will be received, at the market price, on subscription, or in payment of debts, at the Olive Branch.” “Bacon hams will be received in payment of debts due the printer, if delivered soon; also, the hind-quarters of beef." There was an epicure about somewhere when this last advertisement was penned, to only want the hind-quar- ters of the beef ! “Those who have engaged to pay the printer in wood, are requested to deliver it now.” Which meant that the cold days were at hand, with no money to buy fuel. And, finally, in one of his early years, when, it may be, debts were pressing for payment, there appeared the following: WANTED, IMMEDIATELY! 375 bushels of wheat. 120 barrels of flour. 530 gallons of whiskey. 240 weight bacon. 400 weight of sugar, &c. 575 dollars in cash! The highest market price will be allowed for any of the above articlés, in payment of debts due me (special contracts excepted), if delivered by the first of June next. W. B. THRALL. What the “ &c.” was to the sugar, and how he could regulate the market price of “575 dollars in cash,” are mysteries, if they do not mean irony; and then, what in the world was he going to do with so much whiskey, if, indeed, it was not, as is likely, the most marketable arti- cle on his list. Not only was the newspaper offering to take in exchange, for debts due it, almost every conceiv- able article, but it was well sprinkled with advertisements of those in all classes of business who were also willing, indicating that a system of general traffic, with but little exchange of money, was the order of the day. About the time Mr. Thrall’s last advertisement,. just quoted, appeared (then contemplating marriage), he had purchased the ground on which he afterwards erected a fine residence, and where he continued to live during his sojourn in Circleville, but which, at the date of purchase, could only boast of a log cabin, which, when weather- boarded, constituted his new home. It is more than likely, that either the whole or part of the purchase price of this was the articles enumerated in the advertisements, and that'he hit upon this plan to at once collect up his debts and utilize the barter in the purchase of a home. It is evident that with all the offers of our young jour- nalist to receive his pay in any sort of barter, it was yet either impossible, or up-hill business, to accomplish it, to his entire satisfaction, as the following notice indicates: “Dr. lézekiel F. astinan, of Fayette county, Ohio, after reaping the fruits of our Jabor, and bemg called upon to discharge his account, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. amounting to seven dollars and fifty cents, resorted to the miserable subterfuge of denying our accounts. We have resolved to publish to the world the names of such other gezdlemen as may have recourse to similar means to defraud us of our just dues.”’ As no further advertisement of this character appeared, the remedy must have been effectual. When we have told the reader that in addition to these advertisements for barter, among which was that of an enterprising merchant who was willing to pay thirty-seven and a half cents a bushel for wheat, in exchange for debts due him or for goods; and another who was will- ing to pay the market price in the same way for as much as a thousand bushels of corn. There were three for estray horses and estray indentured boys, and that they were a large part of the advertisements—when the reader knows this, on the principle that the advertisements of a community index its occupation, he will have an excel- lent idea of how these early settlers were largely em- ployed. At the time of Mr. Thrall’s settlement in Circleville, there was an Episcopal organization and a Masonic lodge in the village, both of which he soon joined, and thus early in life he surrounded himself with these safeguards, and laid the foundation for the substantial service which through his long life he rendered in these causes. He was at once assigned to the position of secretary both in the church and the lodge, and rapidly advanced until he was warden in the church and master of his lodge, which positions he continued to occupy during his residence in Circleville. It would be impossible to overrate his services in these two fields. At the date of his enlistment their existence was scarcely more than in name. The church had no roof to cover it, and so was compelled to worship in the court house—no preacher, and so there had to be lay reading. The workers in the lodge were both few and new, and so they wrought but little, and that crudely. What is true of an army is equally true of a church or a lodge ; in order to succeed there must be a leader, and he of the right sort. Mr. Thrall was largely that in St. Phillip’s church, while in the lodge he was entirely so. It is much when we can say of a man that he honored Masonry ; it is all, when we can say that he honored religion. Truthfully can we say these of William B. Thrall. With such and kindred duties added to his journalistic, it is easy to see that Mr. Thrall had little leisure to listen to Olney Payne’s jolly tavern stories, or ever to become one of the village loungers. To him life was too earnest and real for such pastimes. ‘There was the purchase of his newspaper, and a little later that of a home, all to be paid out of his earnings. His chari- table contributions, which he distributed with a liberal ‘hand even while yet in this slough of indebtedness, with his dread of being in debt, came the mighty desire to be tid of it, to accomplish which his good sense told him there was not a penny to be spent needlessly, or an hour to be wasted on frivolity. And yet if he chanced to stop to or from his meals for a moment in the tap room, there was always a welcome for him. Thus the life of rectitude and morality he had marked out for himself was not to be one that would repulse those who might be act or think differently from him. He was in the com- munity, his course declared, and more than the words he would utter, was the life he would live, to be the ex- ample to follow. Not that he was ever otherwise than outspoken as to his unbelief, or that he was even toler- ant of the opinions of others when opposed to his; be- cause with his great sincerity of character it could not be otherwise than that he believed what he advo- cated, and in fact with his clearness of perception, it seldom was otherwise; but he had such a happy way of expressing himself that all personal enmity as against him, fell to the ground. We think the term of being universally popular could be applied to him as appro- priately as it can ever be to any one. _ Illustrative of this is an event which occurred considerably later. When he was at the head of the Ofzo State Journal, Samuel Medary was at the head of the Ohio Statesman, the former being the leading Whig editor of the State, the latter the leading Democratic editor. There were years of bitter warfare between the two, and yet when Mr. Medary died, his relatives came to Mr. Thrall to write his obituary, which he did. The first public office Mr. Thrall was elected to was in 1829, that of recorder of the town. His published report of its expenses, under his administration, for the year was: Receipts, one hundred and forty-one dollars and thirty- one cents; expenditures, one hundred and twenty-five dollars and fifty-three cerits, which was pronounced by all to be a model of public frugality. In 1830 he was ad- vanced to the position of mayor of Circleville, and so popular was his administration that he was annually re- elected for eight successive years; once unanimously, and once with only five dissenting votes. In 1837, he was elected from Pickaway county to the general assembly of Ohio. He was now an accomplished journalist, with a State reputation as such. Consequently a hearty recep- tion greeted him at the capital, and he at once assumed the prominent position in the legislature which his talents merited. In 1839, he was elected a director in the Cir- cleville and Washington turnpike company, just then be- ing organized, and contributed largely, by his influence, to the successful accomplishment of this then very im- portant work. Mr. Thrall’s two winters in the legislature brought him into intimate personal relations with the newspaper men of Columbus, the consequence of which was that he spent one or two winters later at the capital as the reporter of legislative proceedings, in which capacity he gave great satisfaction and made many friends. In 1845 he was appointed, by the legislature, a judge of the court of common pleas in Pickaway county, which office he resigned in 1846, and moved to Columbus for the purpose of taking the editorial chair of the Ohzo State Journal, he already having become part owner of the same. For some years previous, owing to his official and many other duties, Mr. Thrall had associated with him, in the operative department of the /era/d, Mr. Jason Case, who assumed control of the paper upon Mr. Thrall’s depart- ure to Columbus, though, for several years, he held his in- terest in the Hera/d, and furnished the leading editorials. 224 During his twenty-five years in Circleville, there had been no great apparent growth. All that could be said in its favor was, that it was laying the foundation for its future prosperity. The country was slowly filling with people, farms were being opened, and an outlet for its products, through the establishment of its canals, had been accomplished, and to which the Hera/d had given its best efforts, as it did to everything that tended to the public good. Thus, at the age of forty-eight, Judge Thrall passed from his local sphere to one which comprised the whole State. It was with less reluctance that he did so because, as we have said, there had been no great in- crease in Circleville, while in Columbus the increase had been decided. But notwithstanding these facts, and the further one that his ripened capacity called for a larger sphere of usefulness, he did not’make up his mind with alacrity to bid adieu to Circleville. On the contrary, it required many months of urging from those interested in having him take charge of the Journal, before they could secure his consent. It is safe to say that never an office or an advancemet came to this man through any solicitation of his, and particularly was this true in this case. So far as the promise of profit, it was not good. The Democrats were in power in both the State and Nation, so there was not a vestige of public patronage to be had. If the paper was to be sustained, it must be by the voluntary patronage of the people. As a financial venture it was, therefore, uncertain, and with his great dread of being involved in debt, he hesitated. Then there was, to this man of modest merit, the immense responsibility of having to be the leading teacher of his party, as he would be, the paper being the State organ of the Whigs. Lastly, there were all the associations surrounding his long residence in Circleville. generally strong, but with his temperament they were especially so. His warm affections for, and devotion to, his friends and relatives, his pleasant home, and his church—all these held him with the power of cable chains, and he finally secured his consent to leave them all, much as the brave soldier secures his consent to go into battle—simply from a sense of duty. As the result shows, he had spent more than half of his business life in Circleville, and it was, moreover, that part of it when the growth is rapid and strong, the ten- drils of his being running out and taking deep root in the hearts and friendships of those with whom he was surrounded. Very safe, even then, would it have been to predict what afterwards followed —that however absorb- ing a ficld of usefulness there was before him, however much he might do honor to what he was about then, or might, in the near future undertake, never, in the new home, would there spring such friendships and affections as he was then leaving. In the paper of October 22, 1846, appeared this simple announcement, penned by his predecessor: “The Yournal will hereafter be published and conducted by William B. Thrall, whose experience as an editor and publisher is widely known.” A few days later came this notice: ‘The editor craves the indulgence of the public, and especially of his These are . HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. brothers of the press, for a brief season, during which he will bé princi- pally engaged in those domestic arrangements so necessary to his com- fort, and, consequently, to an acceptable discharge of his ordinary labors. So soon as the arrangements can be consummated he will be faithfully at his post.”’ And then is added the language of a torn heart: ‘A home for a quarter of a century can hardly be broken up and re- modeled in a day.” The Journal continued under this management until the spring of 1850. Its career was remarkable for purity of purpose, vigor, and general ability, fully justifying the expectations of Judge Thrall’s most ardent friends. From a journalist of State reputation, this ordeal ripened him into one of national reputation. During Judge Thrall’s journalistic career, and lasting with their lives, he made unto himself two idols—Henry Clay and Thomas Corwin. The latter became his inti- mate and warm personal friend. And so, when, in 1852, under President Taylor, Mr. Corwin found himself secre- tary of the treasury, he expressed a strong desire to have his favorite Ohio editor occupy a position under him. Unfortunately for Judge Thrall, but fortunately for the accomplishment of Secretary Corwin’s wish, he was at this time having a tedious lawsuit—his first and last one—for the recovery of the money he had invested in the Journal, which was most of his savings for the twenty- five years previous, and, until the suit was decided, he was in no condition to embark in a new enterprise, and not then, of course, if the case went against him. So, during the years 1852, 1853, and 1854, he was at the head of a bureau at Washington, at the end of which time he had the satisfaction of recovering his money in full, whereupon he reluctantly said good-bye to his chief and dear, devoted friend, and gladly returned to his fam- ily, in Columbus. This was Judge Thrall’s first and only financial embarrassment, and, while the suit was pending which was to decide his fate, he always found a wise counsellor in Mr. Corwin. Upon Judge Thrall’s return from Washington he found occupation for his pen in his old place in the State Jour- nal, and shortly thereafter he also became the Columbus correspondent of several of the leading newspapers in the State—among them, early in 1856, over the name of “Spectator,” in the Cécinnatt Commercial, who thus in- troduces him to its readers: “We are glad to be able to say to the readers of the Commercial that we have suceveded in securing the services of a gentleman of talents, character, and experience, as our correspondent at the seat of govern- ment. His letters will present a refreshing contrast to the heterogene- ous collections of bald gossip, silly conjecture, groundless rumor, and malicious misrepresentations, that, coming from nobody and having neither sense nor authenticity, are palmed off on the public as truth, in regard to the doings at the capital. We believe that our Columbus correspondent is destined to acquire a wide popularity with the readers of the Commercial. The following year Judge Thrall was the “ Pontiac” of the Sandusky [Ohio] Register, His correspondence with these newspapers had a wonderful run, being largely copied by the press, and taken as standard authority. Closing the year’s correspondence, the Sandusky Register says: “We to-day give to our readers the last of our esteemed Columbus Correspondent’s Ictters for the scason. It is with regret we part with HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND such an able and faithful friend and contributor as is ‘‘ Pontiac,” and we know our readers will miss, as much as we, his daily-offered banquet of legislative intelligence, comments and gossip, prepared with so prod- igal and practical a hand." : : Early in 1858, Judge Thrall commenced a series of editorials for the Sandusky egés¢er, then owned .and edited by Henry D. Cook, which ran through the most part of the year, and so able were they, that they soon attracted public attention to that paper, giving it a prom- inent State representation. A Whig, at the birth of the Republican party, Judge Thrall naturally espoused its principles, and his advocacy of the cause assisted in laying the foundation for its super- structure, which, in the future, was to achieve such great- ness. Day after day, either in his masterly editorials or correspondence, he elucidated the motives and objects of the new organization, while also firing effective broad- sides into the rapidly-sinking Democratic ship, thus doing good work all along the whole line. It is largely true, that the Republican party had its birth in Ohio, and Judge Thrall’s powerful pen performed yeoman’s service to this party, of which Salmon P. Chase was the founder, continuing in the good work during his two gubernatorial terms. Governor Chase was soon attracted by Judge Thrall’s rare ability and honesty of purpose, and took pleasure in honoring him with special positions of the most delicate trust. These were the days of free and independent banking in Ohio, and under the laws of the State the institutions had to be inspected from time to time, by some one ap- - pointed by the governor. Reports would get abroad as to the standing of some one of them, when a special and searching investigation would have to be made, both of which tasks Judge Thrall was frequently called upon to perform, and as his reports were sent in to the governor, he more and more saw how perfect a trust he might re- pose in him. Under Mr. Chase’s administration, it was discovered that there was collusion between the State auditor and treasurer, of previous administrations, by which large sums of money were stolen from the State. To prevent a recurrence of this, it was thought best to establish an intermediate office between them, as a check upon each, which the legislature did, under the name of the comp- troller of the treasury. The qualities needed for the faithful performance of the duties of this office, will at once suggest themselves to the intelligent reader. There were, of course, numerous applicants for the place, among which Judge Thrall was not one. He was, | however, appointed by Governor Chase, and afterward elected by the people, serving the State faithfully in this position from 1858 to 1862. In March, 1864, he was appointed by Governor Brough, and in 1870, by Governor Hayes, one of the trustees of the Central Ohio lunatic asylum, which position he held until his death. To a mind endowed as was Judge Thrall’s, ever seek- ing new avenues to fields of active benevolence and use- fulness, it is not singular that the claims of the Masonic fraternity should have commended themselves to his un- derstanding and appealed to his highest instincts, as we have already found they did, early in his life, thus adding 29 PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 225 to his means of furthering the highest needs of mankind in works of benevolence. His Masonic record is as fol- lows: He was initiated into Pickaway Lodge, No. 23, at Circleville, on the third of May, 1820. He served as secretary, junior warden, senior warden, and master, from the time he was eligible until he moved to Columbus, in 1846. In 1841, as deputy grand master, he officiated in or- ganizing Columbus Lodge, No. 30. Two years after his removal to Columbus he was elected master of that lodge, and re-elected for seven years afterwards. In 1823 he was the representative of this lodge to the grand lodge of Ohio. In 1825 and 1829 he was grand junior deacon of the grand lodge of the State, and in 1834 was grand junior warden, and from 1835 to 1843 was deputy grand master, when he was elected most worthy grand master, and served as such until 1846. In 1848 he was grand orator of the grand lodge of Ohio. In 1834, 1836 and 1837 he was grand king, and in 1839 grand high priest of the grand chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Ohio. He was puissant grand master of the grand council of Royal and Select masters of Ohio from 1838 to 1842 in- clusive; also president of the order of high priests in the years 1843 to 1846, inclusive. He was one of the orig- inal members of the association of Masonic veterans, of which he died president. Having been advanced to the order of knighthood in 1835, he was faithful in attendance at the annual con- claves of the grand encampment to the close of his life. He was elected grand captain-general in 1848, and grand master in 1850. In 1856 he was a representative to the grand encampment of the United States. The reports from which we have taken most of the foregoing, says: “In addition to these various official positions, and during the long period of fifty-three years of devoted active service as a mason, and thirty-eight years of equally incessent service in the ranks of christian knighthood, he was charged, by virtue thereof, with the most important and responsible duties on committees, etc., etc., and his advice and counsel, on important occasions, were largely sought by his compan- ions, and never in vain. ‘Tt rarely falls to the lot of a single individual to attain such a mul- tiplicity of honors as were his; yet the esteem and confidence reposed in him by his companions were never betrayed. He exemplified in his life the exalted characteristics of the true gentleman, devoted mason, and courteous knight." As a writer on Masonry, Judge Thrall was distin- guished. At times he was eloquent, and his productions were ever characterized by sound, practical thought, clothed in language free from ambiguity. Long before his death he had come to be regarded as a patriarch in the annual Masonic assemblies, and so charming was his companionship, that he was always the general favorite of old and young. As a lecturer on Masonry, Judge Thrall was greatly in demand, and whenever it was pos- sible for him to do so, he responded to such calls. In 186r he was called to Circleville, to participate in the funeral exercises of one of its ploneers—’Squire James Bell, by name—and while there he was smitten with dyphtheria, which well nigh proved fatal, and from which he never fully recovered, finally, some years later, suc- cumbing to the results of this disease. 226 While he must have been a considerable sufferer for several years before his death, not even his family knew it. He was always at his place in church, daily indulged in long walks with the erectness and freedom of move- ment of early manhood rather than the stooping posture and slow pace of old age. But there came a time, a year before his death, when the walks grew few and short, and there was an evident effort to lift himself along, and even before this there had come another symptom of de- cline—he no longer was weekly seen in any of the Masonic conclaves. He was, of course, greatly missed, and when asked why he did not attend the lodge meet- ings, the answer of this brave old gentleman was that he was getting so heavy it was too much of an effort to carry himself up the three flights of stairs to the lodge room. There might have been the faintest dash of sad- ness in his noble face when he gave this answer, but if so, it was rather at the thought that he would no longer be able to enjoy his lodge privileges than over his grow- ing infirmities. He never brooded, and strikingly true was this of the last seven years of his life, when out of employment and thrown upon his own resources. His well stored mind was a fund of pleasure to him as well as a delight to those with whom he was surrounded. The: fact is, he never ceased being a student. It was his habit to con- stantly pore over some book of useful information— history, all the scientific studies, especially those of lan- guages; and Worcester’s dictionary was a companion that he never seemed to tire of. Then, how he enjoyed his grandchildren! and his relatives and friends as often as they were thrown together. His pastime and only game was backgammon, and so fair was he in all his dealing that he made no exception in this; and so when he saw his opponent making what he considered a mis- play, he insisted upon correcting it. And thus with books, his own children and their friends and relatives, and backgammon, he past his last years. One would have said to have seen him that they were constant gala days. If he had trouble or care, as he might have had, or physical pain, as he certainly did, no one was ever the wiser for it. That he controlled himself perfectly, was seen when his son, Captain Thrall, adjutant general on Gencral Rosecrans’ staff, in. 1863, was borne to his last resting place in the cemetery, and upon his return from the funeral, quietly seating himsclf, with his torn and bleeding heart, and without the flinching of a muscle, narrating his brave boy’s carcer on paper for publication in the next day’s newspapers. He had one regret, expressed often in his last year, that his early education had not been more thorough. Sitting upon his steps at night, he would look np at the stars and long to know more of astronomy; and then the derivation of words bothered him, and yet hardly so, as he made researches, clumsily, it is true, because of his lack of early scientific education, until he found them; all this with the zeal and enthusiasm of the diamond hunter, and indeed they were the veriest gems to this knowledge- seeker. ‘Thus cheerfully, uncomplainingly, Judge Thrall passed away, June 7, 1873, at the ripe age of seventy-five. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. His burial was under the auspices of the grand lodge of the State—a convocation of celebrated knights templar being the especial escort. SAMUEL D. TURNEY, M. D. [This biography is in part a condensation from, and in part the words of, a memoir of the late Dr. Turney, prepared by his friend, and professional brother, J. H. Pooley, of Columbus.—Eps. ] The subject of this sketch, the late Dr. Samuel Denny Turney, was born in Columbus, Ohio, December 26, 1824. He belonged to a family of French Huguenot extraction, and which has proved by the men it has produced for successive generations, that it was no mean race. We, as Americans, care little at heart, notwithstanding occasional foolish out- breaks of adulation that seem to speak otherwise, for the vain distinc- tions of rank and title; and yet we are not without our proper pride in good family connections, and freely endorse the sentiment, ‘‘ other things being equal, give me blood."’ And many a fine strain of family, seeking freer outlook and fairer chance in the western world, has left its impress, indelibly and for good, upon our composite American race. Of all of these, none have produced worthier sons, or deserved better of the adopted country, than the French Huguenots. Dr. Turney's father was a physician, who was born in Shepherdstown, Virginia, in 1786, and removed to Ross county, Ohio, in 1800. He com- menced the practice of medicine in Jefferson, Pickaway county. He removed to Circleville about the time the town was first laid out, in 1810; removed from Circleville to Columbus in 1823, where he practiced until his death, in 1827. The following notice of Dr. Daniel Turney, published in one of the local papers at the time, deserves insertion here: ‘*The deceased was an eminent physician and surgeon, and for many years an arduous and successful practitioner in both departments. The distinguishing characteristics of his mind were firmness, and energy, and ardor in the practice of his profession. Confident in the resources of the healing art, and in his own mind, he never remitted exertions while life remained. His intimate acquaint- ance with the diseases peculiar to our climate, arising from a sound medical edu- cation, and long extensive practice; his energy, and promptitude, and resources, in alarming and complicated cases, as well as his great personal sugcess, render his death a public calamity, which has caused the deepest sensibility. Asa skill- ful and successful practitioner, Dr. Turney has left few, if any, superiors in the State. He was of plain, unaffected manners, generous and liberal as a man, and without the least tincture of avarice in his composition.” This sketch, meager as it is, is not without interest, as it shows whence came some of the traits of his son, which made him so eminently successful in the same arduous profession. Youngest of a family of four, left an orphan when thus a mere infant, he grew up under his mother's fostering care without the paternal re- straint, so wholesome in its influence, and without those means fora thorough education which he would probably have enjoyed had his father lived. Well for him he had a good mother; one of the many whom the world knows not, save as the results of their lives are seen in noble and worthy sons who rise up in the after time to call them blessed. Her name was Janet Stirling Denny, daughter of General James Denny, an officer of the war of 1812, and one of the pioneer settlers of Ohio. Iyven as a child—almost as an infant—the young Samuel showed strong indications of a character of his own. He was distinguished in the earliest days of his boyhood by his love for books and study, and showed the rudiments of that love for art and the beauty of nature, which Way a strong characteristic in his mature years. He attended the com- mon schools and the high school, and, after finishing the course at the latter, he went, through the kindness of M. J. Gilbert, esq., who owned a scholarship there, to Milner Hall, at Kenyon college, Gambier, for two years; at the expiration of this short course, being thrown upon his own resources, he became clerk in the drug store of Sumner Clark, in Columbus, working faithfully by day, and studying by night, being his own principal teacher—now, as always, laboring for the much coveted knowledge that comes so easily to some, and is so little prized. In 1840, the family moved back to Circleville, where he spent the rest of his life. He now entered, as clerk, in the store of Ruggles & Finley, and, having determined upon his future profession, he read medicine assiduously, in all his spare time, at first without anybody knowing what he was about, latterly under the direction of Dr. P. KR. Hull. Heat- tended lectures at Starling medical college, during the session of 1849, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. and 1830, and at the University of Pennsylvania during 1850-51, grad- uating from the latter college in April, 1851. He immediately entered into practice in Circleville, where he continued to exercise his profession to the end of his life, with the exception of the time spent in the army during the civil war, and a short vacation of a few months, spent in Europe. He was married, June 17, 1851, to Miss Evalina McCrea, who died in 1870, by whom he had two children, a daughter, who died in childhood, and a son, Harry, who lives to mourn his father’s loss and emulate his virtues. However popular he became afterwards, and no man could be more so, he found a young physician's life, at first, a hard struggle. He had refused a partnership with an older practitioner, proudly desirous of winning his own way. He won his way, professionally, by a hard and long struggle, and became one of the most trusted guides and advisers. He was in partnership before the war, first with P. K. Hull, and subse- quently with Dr. A. W. Thompson. Dr. Turney was never 4 politician, but he always had opinions, and the people among whom he lived always knew what those opinions were. He was an Abolitionist before the war, even a violent one. His ardent temperament and inborn love of liberty, could not tolerate even the thought of human slavery; and, though these sentiments were by no means popular then and there, he was not the man to flinch from them on that account, but rather the one to die for them, should occasion de- mand, and this his neighbors and fellow-citizens knew right well. At the opening of the war he was the first surgeon to tender his ser- vices to the State, and, until it ended, he was in continuous and active service. He was first attached as surgeon to the Thirteenth regiment of Ohio volunteers, June, 1861; commissioned assistant surgeon of vol- unteers by the United States, February, 1863; surgeon of volunteers, March, 1863; and lieutenant-colonel by brevet, for faithful and merito- rious services, in 1865; and he was medical director on the staff of Gen- eral H. P. Van Cleve, division and post medical director of hospitals at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and held other high and honorable positions, which bore the amplest testimony to his patriotism, devotion to duty, and professional efficiency. The surgical history of the war, that noble monument of life- and limb-saving surgery, bears ample testimony, among that of others, to the labor and skill of Dr. Turney. Had he been so disposed, he might have recorded many more cases, as treated by him, in that treasury of American military surgery; but he was ever reticent of trumpeting his own fame, either by tongue or pen. The cases given in the ‘‘Surgical Volume,” so, called, parts I and II, sufficiently establish his skill as a surgeon and physician. At the close of the war he returned to Circleville, and, in partnership with Dr. A. W. Thompson, resumed his practice, which in a few years became the largest and most lucrative ever enjoyed by any member of the profession in Pickaway county. It was particularly in the depart- ment of surgery his services were, during this period, demanded, so much so that nearly, if not quite, all of this business passed into his hands, and the important operations of lithotomy, tracheotomy, ovariotomy and amputation, necessary within the circuit of his practice, were all performed by him. An intense student, keeping pace with all the re- forms in diagnosis and practice, his ideal of resources of the medical art, was never attained ; and yet when baffled, such washis infinity of re- source, that, instead of ever surrendering to his enemy, disease, he nobly sustained the strife, and yielded only in the presence of the conqueror, Death himself. Dr. Turney was made surgeon-general of the State of Ohio, in 1868, by Governor Hayes, and again, in 1872, by Governor Noyes—compli- ments well deserved by his eminent ability and public services during the war. He was appointed professor of physiology and pathology in Starling medical college, Columbus, Ohio, in 1867, but only lectured during one season—that of 1867-68—his large practice precluding the possibility to further devotion to this department of duty. He was very diffident, too, and seemed to have but little confidence in himself as a speaker, but, at a later period, he resumed professorial functions with great success, His partnership with Dr. Thompson was dissolved by mutual'consent, January 1, 1874. Retaining a large practice, and devot- ing himself actively to it, his incessant labor began to tell upon his health. In June, 1875, warned that he must either take a vacation or soon desist altogether, he went to Europe. He remained abroad until 1876—not a sufficient length of time to thoroughly recuperate—and, on his return, immediately entered practice. He was first in partnership with Dr. C. A. Foster, but, in 1877, went into partnership with Dr. A. P. Courtright, with whom he was associated until his death. In the fall of 1876 he was appointed professor of diseases of women and child- ren, in Starling medical college, which chair he filled with great and in- creasing acceptance to the close of his life. He was only spared to give one completed course of lectures, and a part of another. 227 Dr. Turney was, in every sense, a cultured physician—diligent, con- scientious, generous; and many kind professional charities endear him _ to the memory of that class of patients unable to pay for their doctor's services. As an operator he was fearless, quick, and characteristically nervous and impatient of delay or negligence on the part of an assistant. He was extremely modest, and had a repugnance to professional or other display. In person Dr. Turney was of medium size, rather slen- der, but of symmetrical proportions, and endowed with great muscular strength and agility. As the portrait which accompanies this sketch well shows, his face was handsome and expressive, and yet, so constantly and quickly did it change that no picture could show it at its best. Dr. Turney was not a member of any church, hut that he was of a deeply religious nature, none who knew him thoroughly could doubt. In this connection, and as a fitting conclusion to this sketch, we repro- duce the following extract from a letter of Rev. James T. Franklin, Episcopal rector of St. Stephen’s church, Middlebury, Vermont, for- merly of St. Phillip's, Circleville : “ Having just learned, and that with great sorrow and grief, of the death of Dr. S. D. Turney, I ask the privilege of expressing my sense of his worth and of our loss. It was with joy and pride that I called him friend, and it is with a deep sense of bereavement that I write. The fast-falling tears of many who loved him area tribute to his worth. It was my happy lot to know him inti- mately, and I loved him dearly. His was not a cold, impassive nature—sparks of righteous anger and indignation were showered upon the objects of his scorn and wrath; but I can testify to an amiability, a tenderness, a sweetness, a love of all things beautiful, rare amongst men. His wide charity many will witness to, and his marked skill and usefulness all will acknowledge. “He talked often and freely with me of those subjects which ara of the firs importance to thoughtful men, and J can declare that, whilst his mental clearness and power, and his thorough learning, forced him to abandon the superstitions imbedded in mueh that passes for Christian doctrine, nevertheless he recognized and bowed down his soul before the great Father of spirits, ‘in whom we move and have our being.’ He served and praised his God in acts of tenderness and love to his creatures. He did justice, loved mercy, and walked humbly with his God. Who requires more?” CALEB ATWATER. One of the most widely known of Circleville’s residents was Caleb Atwater, minister, lawyer, educator, legislator, author, and antiquarian. He was, in fact, a man of national reputation. He won distinction by his able services in the legislature, in behalf of the causes of education and public improvements, and a wide fame through the publication of the results of his archzeological studies and his history of Ohio—the first ever written. He was born on Christmas day, 1778, at North Adams, Massachu- setts, and was the son of Ebenezer and Rachel (Parks) Atwater. His mother was of Welsh extraction. She died when Caleb was but five years old. His father placed the funds left for the child’s support in the hands of Esquire Jones, of North Adams, with whom the boy lived until he was eighteen year of age. About that time Williams college was founded, and the stir caused by the opening of the institution led the young man into reflections, which resulted in the formation of a strong desire for a liberal education. Although not of age, his guard- ian warmly seconded his plan of attending the school, and assisted him todoso. He passed through the college, and received the honorary degree of master of arts. The diploma given him is now thought to be in the museum of the Boston Antiquarian society. After leaving col- lege, young Atwater removed to New York, where he opened a school for young ladies, and gave instruction to the daughters and sisters of a large number of personal friends. He studied for the ministry at the same time, and two or three years later was ordained to preach in the Presbyterian church. He married a Miss Diana, who lived but one year, and whose death was a very severe blow to him, His health failed, and as he was urged by his physicians to take up the study of law and practice that profession, instead of remaining in the ministry, he did so. He commenced studying with Judge Smiley, of Marcellus, New York, and in a few months was admitted to the bar. He then married Balinda, a daughter of Judge Butler. Engaging in a business which turned out disastrously, he was thrown entirely upon his own resources, and decided to seek out a field of usefulness in the great and but little known western country. He came to Circleville in 1815, and remained there until his death, March 13, 1867. He was occupied in the practice of law until chosen to represent Pick- away county in the legislature. Here he performed the services for which the people of Ohio have greatest reason to be thankful and to hold his memory in the most sacred reverence. The cause of popular education had all along occupied his attention, and when he was in- vested with the power of a legislator, he exerted, constantly and strenu- ously, all his influence to create such laws as would forever secure to the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND 228 people of the State a plan for the education of their youth. He and his associates had a long and hard struggle to secure the embodiment of their views in a legal enactment, but they finally succeeded, and the re- sult has been one of incalculable good. They laid the corner-stone upon which the fabric of our present system of common schools has been slowly and thoroughly built. Mr. Atwater was also one of that origin- ally small minority in the legislature which started the movement for that vast public improvement—the canals. After the close of his term in the legislature, he was appointed to represent the United States in the treaty with the Winnebago Indians, at Galena, Illinois. His first literary production of general interest to the public was his contribution to the Archaeologica Americana, upon western antiquities, the result of studies begun in Circleville, upon his arrival there, and con- tinued for some years—in fact, for his whole lifetime. He wrote, also, “A Trip to Prairie-du-Chien,” ‘‘An Essay on Education,” and last, but most important (if we do not except the book on western antiquities), an able and comprehensive history of Ohio. He was the confident and friend of the first, best men of his time in Ohio and the country at large, and numbered among his acquaintances many of the eminent scholars of Europe, who visited this country to study its antiquities, or, coming for other purposes, developed an inter- est in them. . Mr. Atwater was a man of somewhat eccentric characteristics, but of large and genuine worth. He combined with culture, the qualities of exceeding kindness and of the most rigid conscientiousness. He was unselfish ; labored for the benefit of others—the masses and his neigh- bors—and exhibited but little desire for pecuniary gain or personal ad- vancement. His character commanded the respect, and his talents and his employment of them, the admiration, of all who, personally or by reputation, had knowledge of his life and services. Caleb Atwater's second wife lived until about ten years previous to his death, and was the mother of six sons and three daughters: Butler, Douglass, DeWitt Clinton, Henry, George, Caleb, Belinda Ann, Aurelia, and Lucy. The only one living in Circleville is Belinda Ann (Mrs. Will- iam Foster). Aurelia (Mrs. Henry Coouts) lives in Kansas, as does also the only living son, DeWitt Clinton. Lucy (Mrs. M. Brown) is in Gambier, Ohio. THE “ZIEGER FAMILY.” Jacob Zieger, sr., emigrated from Pennsylvania (near Berlin) to this vicinity, about the year 1805, and located section nineteen—the identi- cal tract of land now partially occupied by the city of Circleville. He was born in 1740, and married Judith, the widow of J. Sauer (or Sowers), of Brownsville, Pennsylvania. Of this marriage there were eight chil- dren, as follows: Philip Jacob, born 1767, married Mary Easter; Cath- arina, born 1768, married Colonel Valentine Keffer; Barbara, born 1772, married George Zimmer; Judith, born 1774, married Samuel Watt; Jacob, jr., born 1776, married Susanna Easter; Philip, born 1778; Frederick, born 1784; Margaret, born 1787, married John Valen- tine. These sons and daughters occupied different portions of the land, and cleared and improved it. Jacob Zieger, sr., donated, to ‘‘the director of the town” (whose office was one of importance for many years, but has now become obsolete), a considerable portion of the land on which the city is located, for public purposes. He (Zeiger) caused the court of common pleas of Pickaway county to pass an order to the director of the town (at their session, held in the second story of his son, Jacob's, house, in Circleville), which reads as follows : August, 1811, “Ordered, ‘That the director reserve all the southeast bank, or fortification— elevation of the square on the circle—for county uses, and sell no lots including the same, And, further ordered, that he reserve lots number 115 and 116, for the use of the Lutheran and Calvanistic German congregations, for a church and burial.” [See court records for 1810 and 11, page 120]. These lots are the ones on which the Trinity Lutheran church now stands. COLONEL JOHN CRADLEBAUGH. Among the distinguished names of men now passed away, whose lives, wholly, or in part, were identified with the history of Circleville, few, if any, will be remembered longer, or with a more affectionate admiration, than that of John Cradlebaugh. His father, Andrew Cradlebaugh, about the year 1836, built the well-known ‘'Canal Hotel,” on Main street, which he kept for several years, and hear which he also owned and earried on a tannery. John was born and educated in this place, PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. and commenced here the practice of law, in which profession he imme- diately tooka high rank. We regret that we have neither space nor time minutely to trace his remarkable career, from his entrance upon public life, as an Ohio State senator, to his death, under the shadow of a strange reverse, in 1878, at Eureka, Nevada. But we must content our- selves with the sketch of his life, character, and public services, embodied in the following eloquent funeral address delivered at his re-interment in Forest cemetery, on Decoration day, May 30, 1879, by the Rev. 8. H. McMullin: “ Before us lies all that is mortal of one whose earthly life was marked by no ordinary vicissitudes. A practitioner of the bar of this county, a member of the senate of this State, a federal judge in Utah, a territorial delegate to the national congress from the territory of Nevada, a colonel of volunteers, commanding the One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio, a teamster, hauling ore from the mines of Nevada — such were the different phases under which he prosecuted his life work. It would be presumptuous in one who was an utter stranger to the deceased, to attempt any analysis, of either his personal or religious character. Of his civic services and virtues only can I speak, taking thus my humble part in the tribute due to departed worth. Born and bred in this city, he had the respect of all who knew him, and stood high as an advocate; meeting often, in debate, Jonathan Renick, Thomas Jones, Judge Hedges, Henry F. Page, P. C. Smith, and others. At the time of his appointment, by President Buchanan, to a federal judgeship in Utah, he was a law partner with Judge Hedges. His judgeship, and his services in the war of the Rebellion, are the prominent periods of his life. When, as a federal judge, he commenced his administration of justice in Utah, the hands of the saints were yet moist with the innocent blood of the Mountain Meadow massacre. A powerful hierarchy, prostituting the sa- cred names of God and the Saviour of mankind to infamous orgies of blood and lust, stood ready by every means to shield the miserable wretches who, as their instruments, had cut the throats of women and children. Any ordinary man would have sought to make a virtue of necessity, and shield himself behind forms, and compromise with what he could not overthrow single-handed. Heedless of the Danite band, that organization of assassins like unto the destruction that walketh in darkness and wasteth at noonday; regardless of threats of violence, and even of open war, Judge Cradlebaugh opened his court and brought the murderers to his bar. When he found that the deadly power of Mormonism par- alyzed the arm of justice, by silencing jury convictions, he dismissed the juries, and, as a committing magistrate, commenced the task alone. He himself exam- ined witnesses, made arrests in every quarter, and struck terror to the scared consciences of Mormon dignitaries. But for the imbecility, and even opposition, of those on whom he had a right to rely for co-operation and support, this one man, rightly discerning the signs of the times, would have done his part, and that not a small one, toward cutting out the foul ulcér which still hangs upon the body politic, swollen with all uncleanness, and festering with horrid lust. But the notes of another conflict were already in the air. ‘The crisis was fast approaching which was to determine whether a government of the people should or should not perish from off the earth. When that crisis came, our friend was not found wanting. The motives of men are almost always mixed; times of excitement are not always, or generally, times of pure reflection; but when the booming of Sumter’s artillery resounded through the land, delegate Cradlebaugh’s heart was with the old flag. He had confidence in his country’s past; he had hope for that country’s future; he abhorred the ways of darkness and treason; he felt the grandeur of the call that bade him die, if need be, for God, and truth, and native land. Leaving his seat in the national congress, at a time when the northern border was full of those who secretly wished for peace at any price, he organized his regiment, and then returning to Washington, finished his term of office. He rejoined his command at Youngspoint, Louisiana, in February, 1863, and after taking part in the battles of ‘Thompson Hills, Champion Hills and Ben River Bridge, he led his men in the first charge upon Vicksburg. Amidst a rain of bullets, he received one in the mouth, which virtually ended his military ca- reer, Soon afterward he returned to Nevada. According to men’s ordinary estimate of such things, he passed away under the shadow of reverses, But we may well believe that the spirit which did not quail before bloodshed here, or the bayonets of armed treason, carried him hero- ically through the duties of the comparatively humble station in which he died. It is the testimony of one who knew him well, that amidst all the exigencies of his varied career, he could not recall one mean or dishonorable act. And history has, to-day, for him its vindication, as we lay him in his final resting-place, in this beautiful city of the dead. What was said of those who died for others of old, we may also say of him; that committing indeed the uncertainty of success to hope, yet as to what was present to his view, he nob.y confided in himself, and in his own exertions in action, preferring resistance, though accompanied with death, to safety, purchased by submission, For he both knew what ought to be done, and, in action, was keenly alive to shame, and even when failing in his at- tempts, was yet unwilling that his country should thereby lose the advantage of his valor, but contributed to it his noblest offering. It is fitting that he should lie here, where loyal hands shall keep his memory green; but for such as he, wher- ever their dust may mingle with the elements, the whole earth is a sepulchre.” COLONEL VALENTINE KEFFER, a prominent business man and politician in Pickaway county for many years, emigrated from Pennsylvania in 1805, several vears before the C yy iy, 4 Mew. form X ee Ky. fe Mt itel Lach : HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 229 county was organized, or the first strokes of the axe had ‘marked the rudest outlines of the ground now included in the town of Circleville. He purchased the fractional section adjoining section nineteen, and lying between it and the Scioto river; on which he resided till 1838, when he moved into town. Some years before leaving Pennsylvania he had married Catharina, the second child and eldest daughter of Ja- cob Zieger. On the breaking out of the war of 1812, being identified with the militia of the county, he was appointed major, and accompanied Gen- eral James Renick on an expedition to the northern part of the State. After his return to the settlement he was promoted to the rank of colonel, and, in 1813, he was elected to the State legislature, in which he served ten years—the last being in 1828. During all this time his popularity was so great that it was deemed little better than folly for any one to run against him. When the seat of government was first established at Columbus, there was not a stage coach running in Ohio; and, as we now roll along ina palace railroad car on a smooth track, or in an easy-going spring car- riage ona good turnpike, and view, on either side of us the cheerful homesteads, the wide fields of corn and wheat, and the fat cattle graz- ing in the green pastures, it is difficult to imagine our early representa- tive, bestride a horse, threading his way among the brush toward the capital, armed and equipped with pistols and provender, and catching every sound with apprehension of danger. * Colonel Keffer was also twice chosen presidential elector, casting his vote, the first time, for Jackson, and afterward for Van Buren. He was one of the original proprietors ot the Circleville Watchman, the Demo- cratic organ of the county, established in 1835, and had editorial charge of it for two or three years. He died March 9, 1852, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. A daughter of his married Mr. G. F. Wittich, one of the old residents of Circleville, to whom we are indebted for the substance of the above sketch, as also that of the Zieger family, on another page of this work. THE REV. JOHN DREISBACH, minister of the Evangelical Association, and for many years a resident of Pickaway county, was a descendant of Martin Dreisbach, who was*born in 1717, in the earl- dom of Witgenstein, Germany, and came to this country in 1746, taking up his residence upon a farm in Lancas- ter county, Pennsylvania. The emigrant, Martin Dreis- bach, and his wife (Anna Eve Hoffman), daughter of a teacher in Nausauseigen, had six children,,Jacob, Henry, John, Martin, Margaret, and Catherine. The father died in 1799, at the age of eighty-two years, and the mother in 1789, at the age of sixty-five. Martin, their fourth son, and the father of the subject of this biography, was born in Berks county,’ Pennsylvania, in 1764, and married Sabina Fred Buchs, (pronounced, as anglicized, Books) who was born in Sussex county, New Jersey, in 1762. Martin died in 1831, in Pennsylvania, and his wife died in Fairfield county, Ohio, in 1849. They were the parents of six children. John Dreisbach, who became the prom- inent preacher, and of whose life we shall give the par- ticulars, was the eldest, and was born June 5, 1789.. His brothers and sisters were Anna Eve, Susannah, Leah, Elizabeth, and Martin. John Dreisbach was the son of pious parents. Both of them were for many years—from 1816 to the close of their lives—members of the Evangelical Association. It was natural that the son should inherit a religious nature. He obtained a rudimentary education, and at an early age exhibited the tendency which constantly grew stronger as he advanced in life and knowledge, and which made him one of the great forces in the building up of the Evangelical Association, and of christianity among the Germans. That was his life-work, and he labored in it with enthusiasm and zeal. Every leaf of the history of the Evangelical Association bears tribute to his influence and ability. He entered the ministry of this association in Pennsylvania, when eighteen years of age, as is asserted by some of his descendants, but probably when but seven- teen, according to the early records of the church in Pennsylvania. The first mention of his name is as one of the four local preachers of the society, in 1806. Young Dreisbach went out the following year as a travel- ing preacher, and thus began his career of widely ex- tended usefulness. He was the fifth itinerant appointed, and during his first service in that capacity, was often accompanied by the famous founder of the association, the brave, zealous, conscientious, and much maligned Rey. Jacob Albright. Mr. Dreisbach wrote in his late years of Albright, as follows: ‘“I derived great benefit from his paternal instruction and pious example, as well as from his fervent prayers, childlike confidence in God, and his humble resignation to his holy will. All this made deep impressions on my mind, and was highly use- ful to me afterward in my calling asa chyistian and min- ister of the gospel.” Dreisbach was stationed in 1807, with another preacher, George Miller, upon the old circuit, which embraced about twenty appointments, and included parts of the counties of Dauphin, Lebanon, Lancaster, Berks, Bucks, Montgomery, Northampton, Lehigh, and Schuylkill. The next year he was trans- ferred to the Northumberland circuit, where his duties were difficult and attended with great disadvantages and self-denial. About this time there arose a powerful storm of opposition, persecution and calumny against the association, and all of those who preached and labored in the cause. The storm was directed principally ayainst the Methodists, who were then increasing very rapidly, “but the people generally, at that time, understood by the term “Methodists,” also the Evangelical Association, the United Brethren, and all who held the same or similar religious views. A very bitter feeling of prejudice was developed. Libels were uttered, and as they obtained many believers, the feeling of enmity ran so high against the new and struggling church, that violence was often threatened, and some declared their willingness to take up arms against the people of the little flock, and exter- minate them, if it were not contrary to the laws. An incident in the life of the Rev. John Dreisbach confirms what has been said of the bitterness against the preaching of the association. We obtain the facts from the Rev. W. W. Orwig’s History of the Evangelical Asso- ciation. In the month of August, 1808, 1t appears that the preacher returned from a general meeting near the Muelbach, in, order to fill an appointment in the evening in Jonestown, Lebanon county, Pennsylvania; but as he had before been disturbed while preaching there, it was his intention to hold service, on this occasion, among his friends, without giving any public notice. ‘‘From fear, not of the Jews, but of heathen-like christians,” the doors were locked and the window-shutters fastened on the inside, before the preaching was commenced. After 230 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. singing and prayer, Mr. Dreisbach began his sermon, but as the preliminary exercises had probably been heard by some of the adversaries, he had proceeded but a brief time when a mob gathered, and forcing the doors and shutters open, entered the house, making a great noise and giving utterance to violent imprecations, putting a stop to the services. The preacher went among the crowd to restore order, but was seized by several ruffians and dragged toward the door. The lights were all ex- tinguished and he was very roughly treated. The men who had seized upon him hallooed to their companions who were outside, ‘Boys, open the door, we have got him;” and they replied, “Give it to him; kill the priest!” Dreisbach was apprehensive of the worst, and concen- trating his strength, by a sudden effort he freed himself from the strong hold of the men and escaped from them. But he was still in the midst of the crowd in the pitchy darkness. As his assailants were groping around for him, cursing his escape, they accidentally bestowed sev- eral blows upon each other, and while they were thus engaged he slipped out of the crowd and the mob got out doors. Alarmed for the minister, some of his friends hastened out also, but were seized and much abused. The ringleaders in this mob were arrested. Rev. Mr. Dreisbach continued preaching in the Lan- caster, Northumberland and Lebanon circuit, for many years. He received a tempting offer from Bishop As- bury, of the Methodist church, to join that denomina- tion, but declined it on account of his affection for the Association. His allegiance to this organization was un- wavering, although he could have many times bettered himself, in a pecuniary way at least, by joining a church of similar faith, The pay was small for a number of years—thirty dollars, then fifty dollars—sums insufficient to keep an itinerant in clothes, much less to meet other needs of self or family. In 1812 Mr. Dreisbach was placed in charge of the mission of New York, during which year he passed through many trials; among them, physical ailment, which rendered him incapable of attending to his ministerial duties, as he had formerly done. For a time he was threatened with entire prostration, but he passed through this trying period safely, and was, perhaps, only strength- ened for the enlarged responsibility he was to bear. Al- most the entire duty of managing the affairs of ten asso- ciations devolved upon him aftcr 1812, and, instead of laboring in the older-established circuits, from that time forward he was engaged in laying out new circuits, far- ther west. In 1814 the conference elected the first presiding elder—the subject of this sketch. During 1815 he preached several times in Philadelphia, and in the fol- lowing year he traveled westward as far as Buffalo and Niagara Falls, preaching at those places and in Canada with good effect. From this time onward the preacher’s sphere constantly enlarged. He had compiled a cate- chism, which came into general use, and now, in con- junction with a brother minister, he arranged the Ger- man hymn book, and re-arranged and improved the “Articles of Faith and Discipline.” In 1816 he was the leader in the movement to effect a union of the United Brethren and the Evangelical Asso- ciation. In 1817 he preached (March 2d) the dedica tory sermon of the first church erected by the society at New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania. John Dreisbach constantly increased in popularity, both as preacher and man. In 1828 and 1829 he was a member of the legislature of Pennsylvania, and, at a later period, was talked of as a candidate for governor of that State. He had no ambition for distinction, however, and no enthusiasm for any labor except that which would ad- vance the interests of his church and the cause of chris- tianity. He removed to Ohio in 1831, and bought a farm in Pickaway township. He paid but little attention to this, however, but continued his labors as a minister, begin- ning among his neighbors, and afterward having charge of the circuit which included Pickaway county, He was also stationed, for a time, at Dayton, and also at Chilli- cothe, and for several years was editor of the Lvangelical Messenger, the organ of the association at Cleveland, Ohio. His life was one of unintermittent activity. His pen was constantly employed after he had, in his old age, ceased preaching, and he wrote a vast deal of matter, chiefly religious. Much of the material for the history of the association was gathered by him. With scarcely any thought for himself, but seeking constantly the ad- vancement of the church and the spiritual good of his neighbors and of humanity in general, he labored on day after day, and year after year, until the close of his life. He died in Circleville, where the last years of his life were spent, August 20, 1871, loved, respected, regretted and mourned by all. The domestic life of the preacher began in 1811, when he married Catharine Eyer, who died a little more than two years later, leaving two daughters~ Salome, born January 13, 1812 (who married Henry Buchwalter, of Ross county, and is now deceased), and Elizabeth, born July 12, 1813 (now Mrs. Benjamin Steeley, of Pick- away township.) Mr. Dreisbach married his second wife, Fanny Eyer, a sister of the first, in 1817. The offspring of this union were five sons and four daughters, all of whom are living but three. Abraham E., born February 21, 1818, was a minister, and for many years a worker in the church. He died February 27, 1864. Isaac E., born March 28, 1819; married Lydia Hittel, and resides in Pickaway township. Catharine E., born August 17, 1820; married Rev. Louis Einsel, and lives near Lafayette, Indiana. Sophia E., born November 27, 1821, is the wife of Eli Loos, of Monroe county, Michigan. Jacob E., born March 17, 1823, became a minister, and is now presi- dent of an orphan institute at Flat Rock, Seneca county, Ohio. He married Catharine Wagner. Leah E., born October 28, 1824, married D. B. Wagner, and resides in Circleville. Martin E. was born September 8, 1826. He is a farmer, and has his home in Circleville. He married Elizabeth Reedy. Susannah E., born March 4, 1828, is. the wife of George L. Kamp, of Woodford county, Illi- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. nois. John E. was born April 28, 1830, and died Feb- ruary 27, 1864. Fannie E. (now Mrs. L. C. Spickler, of Pickaway township), was born November 26, 1832. Martha E. was born November 7, 1834, and died Nov- ember 25, 1876. She was the wife of Dr. W. C. Gilder- sleeve, of Hallsville, Ross county, Ohio. The owner of the old Dreisbach homestead in Pick- away township is Clifton R., a son of John Dreisbach, deceased. He is a farmer by occupation, and one of the best in his part of the county. He married Lina, daugh- ter of Abraham Hitler. : WILLIAM RENICK. The genealogy of the Renick family is only traditional. We learn from it that the progenitors emigrated from Germany, with many other families, to Scotland, to es- cape the religious persecution that then prevailed in the former country, and after a time, a part of them at least, removed to Colevain county, Ireland. In the meantime, the name had undergone a change from Rienwich to Renwich, probably to suit.the dialect of the country. In the process of time, one of them was created a peer, and he purchasing all the property of his two brothers, they, with their father, emigrated to America. But the peer not being able to pay the purchase money at the time, engaged to send it to them within a specified period, which proved a fortunate arrangement for the brothers, as the vessel in which they embarked was robbed by the pirate, “Black Beard,” but the money came safe to hand at the stated time. We here narrate an incident, said to have occurred on the passage. When the pirates boarded the vessel the old man Renick was asleep. The noise awakening him, he started to find out the cause of the confusion. He encountered the robbers in the act of opening a box of candles, and he exclaimed ‘Hoot toot; what is all this fuss about.” The pirates said they would stop his mouth, so they thrust a candle down his throat. The brothers, with their father, first settled in eastern Pennsylvania—at least, until their money came. After- wards they removed to Hardy county, Virginia, on the south branch of the Potomac river, and from that point their descendants scattered in various directions—some south to the James river, others to Gambier county, Vir-, ginia, and others still to the States of Kentucky, Missouri and Ohio. In the meantime the name had undergone two more’changes: from Renwich to Rennick; and then later, one of the ns was dropped, making the name spell, as at present, Renick. There are traits of character in this large family which, with propriety, may be termed characteristic. Although the family has been in the country more than two hun- dred years, and scattered over many different and widely distant localities, in all of which, it is believed, could be found men of wealth and large influence, yet there appears to have existed among them from the first a singular unanimity of sentiment in eschewing a political life. It is apparent that they have uniformly been well nigh devoid 231 of political aspirations, but seemed rather to have preferred a more retired, unpresuming and independent life, whilst of many of them it can be said with more assurance, that they have been, for the past two or three generations at least, very active, enterprising and highly public-spirited citizens, taking an active, if not a leading, part in every scheme or enterprise that presented a fair promise of re- sulting beneficially, either to their respective localities or communities in which they resided, or to the country at large. William Renick, who was a direct descendant of the emigrants, was born and raised in Hardy county, Vir- ginia, and was for a time deputy surveyor under Lord Fairfax, in surveying the southeastern counties of Vir- ginia. By some accident he had his compass broken, and had to cease work until another compass could be ordered from London, England, which consumed some five or six months. His grandson, William Renick, of Circleville, Ohio, now has the latter compass in his possession. It is probably one hundred and twenty-five years old. William Renick had four sons and four daughters. The sons, Felix, George, Thomas, and William, came to the Scioto valley, from 1797 to 1803. All of them, previous to their final settlement, secured large and valuable tracts of land. ‘The daughters all married, but remained in Virginia. Thomas Renick and his wife both died the same day, in August, 1804. William died in 1845, aged sixty-four years; Felix died in 1848, aged seventy-eight ; and George died in 1863, aged eighty-seven years. George had three sons and three daughters. The sons, William, Josiah, and Harness, finally settled in Pickaway county, respec- tively, in 1826, 1828, and 1832; but all had done busi- ness in the county for years before, and have all been residents of the city of Circleville for many years. Mrs. N. J. Turney, one of the daughters, has also been a resi- dent of the county and city for over thirty years. The other two daughters, Mrs. J. M. Terry, of Philadelphia, and Mrs. Hugh Bell, of Chillicothe, were at one time also residents of the county. All the above mentioned sons and daughters of George Renick are still living. William Renick, the oldest son of George Renick, and subject of this sketch, was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, November 12, 1804. He commenced doing an extensive business at the early age of fifteen and a half years, on account of his father’s delicate health at the time, im- peratively requiring the assistance of his son. This cir- cumstance necessitated an abrupt relinquishment of the son’s further attendance at school, before his education, as had been originally designed by his father, had been com- pleted, which was to have been a full classical education. At his majority he entered into active business life on his own account. His occupation was that of a farmer, including that of raising, grazing, and feeding of cattle on rather an extensive scale for those days, feeding some seasons as high as three hundred head of cattle in one year, on corn grown on his own land. Besides this he has driven and shipped to an eastern market a very large number of fat cattle in his time, and is now the oldest living drover west of the mountains, if not in the United States, having begun that occupation as early as the year 1820. He purchased and brought from Texas twelve hundred head of cattle, in 1854, che first lot of Texas cattle ever brought north, at \east, in large numbers, and was con- sidered the pioneer drover in that trade, that has now grown to such enormous proportions. He was also the inventor of the present mode of .con- structing turnpike roads. For nearly three years he constantly importuned the directors of the Columbus and Portsmouth company, and finally succeeded in in- ducing them to adopt his plan, which from its cheapness and usefulness,. has long since been the only plan of construction of all turnpikes now built in the west. Hitherto they had been too costly for private enterprise. This was the first road built of the kind, and it was only because the means could not be raised to build any other kind of graveled road, that the plan was adopted, not that the directors approved the plan. William Renick is a staunch Republican, and_ his articles to the press on the “Currency of the Coun- try,” “The Dollar of the Daddies,” “Revenue Tariff,” “Free Trade,” Banks and Banking System,” etc., have done much to mold popular opinion. He is a ready writer, and his communications on “Blue Grass,” ‘Short- horns,” ‘Thoroughbred Cattle in Ohio,” “Early Cattle Trade in Ohio,” etc., have been widely circulated and read throughout the country. « Altogether, his life has been a very active, enterprising and highly public spirited one, although he has labored all the time- from early age under the dire misfortune of a partial, and for the last twenty-five years, a total want of hearing. Mr. Renick has been three times married, but has no living children. His only son died in 1855, at the age of twenty-eight years, but unmarried. JACOB LUDWIG. Daniel Ludwig, the father of Jacob, was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, June 4, 1748. His parents, Daniel and Mary Ludwig, were natives. of Germany. He was associated with Governor Joseph Heister in a store at Reading, Pennsylvania, for a number of years. In the fall of 1806 he emigrated to Ohio, with two-horse teams bringing his family, consisting of his wife and nine chil- dren, and a small stock of goods, with which he intended to openastore here. With this object in view, he erected the large brick house which is now the residence of Jacob Ludwig, in one portion of which the store was to be kept. But three of his sons, on whose aid he depended, dicd, and the store was never established, the goods being dis- posed of to the neighbors. The house alluded to—a view of which is elsewhere given—was built in 1809, and is, without doubt, the oldest brick house in Pickaway county. Mr. Ludwig, on his arrival here, purchased a half section of land, a portion of which is now owned by Jacob Ludwig, and subsequently entered lands in this and adjoining counties, until he became the owner of about three thousand acres. He was the original owner HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. of the land on which the town of Logan, Hocking county, now stands. He was married three times: first, in 1778, to Appe- lona, daughter of Michael and Susannah Miller, who was. born March 14, 1760. By this marriage were born the following-named children: John, born January 29, 1779; Christena, born November 27, 1781; Daniel, born Octo- ber 11, 1783—died January 28, 1790; George, born Sep- tember 3, 1785—died February 8, 1810. The mother died May 14, 1787. March 11, 1788, Mr. Ludwig mar- ried Eve, daughter of Casper and Rebecca Grissmer, who was born November 12, 1766. By her he had two children: Thomas, born January 15, 1789—died Febru- ary 15, 1810; and Joseph, born October 1, 1790—died September 10, 1807. Mrs. Eve Ludwig died October 21, 1800. His third wife was Elizabeth, daughter of John and Elizabeth Shupert, whom he married in 1802. She was born March 3, 1776. To them were born the following children: Catharine, born July 7, 1803; Mary born November 30, 1804; Jacob, born April 17, 1806; Elizabeth, born March 13, 1808; Rachel, born November 25, 1810; Susannah, born August 9, 1812. Daniel Lud- wig died June 9, 1825; and his wife, Elizabeth, May 3, 1816. Jacob Ludwig, the subject of this sketch, was the third child and only son by the third marriage, and was six months of age at the time of the removal of his parents to Ohio. His education was obtained at the schools of the neighborhood in which he resided, with the exception of two years’ attendance at a school in Circleville, of which Dr. Brown, now president of the First National ~ bank, was the teacher. November 18, 1830, he was united in marriage to Ev- elina Morris, daughter of Henry and Charity Morris, who was born July 12, 1812. She died February 23, 1848. Seven sons and one daughter were born to them, as fol- lows: Daniel, born November 23, 1831—married Julia Steeley, and has three children: Henry O., born Decem- ber 16, 1832—martried .\melia Galler; Isaac, born Sep- tember 21, 1834, is unmarried ; George, born January 14, 1836, married Eliza Young, and has two children; John, born December 17, 1837——died April 7, 1848, from the result of an accident; Mary Elizabeth, born April 28, 1839—married John P. Stceley, and has seven children; David S., born June 16, 1842—marricd Rosalie H., daughter of Isaac E. Dreisbach, December 26, 1872— they have three children; Jacob, jr, born January 27, 1848—died July 10, of the same year. Mr. Ludwig has resided in the house which he now occupies ever since it was built, in 1809—a period of seventy years, He enjoys a hale and hearty old age, and possesses the respect and esteem of all who know him. WILLIAM MARTIN. The subject of this sketch was born in Cumberland county, Pennsyl- vania, May 6, 1800. When quite small, his parents emigrated to Ohio and settled near Hillsborough. Before many years clapsed, his father died, and before he was twelve years of age came the added misfortune of his mother's death. He wats thus thrown upon his own resources at a very early period of his life, with a mind uninformed, and with his ae RESIDENCE oF JACOB LU a Sees County. 0. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. own way to work out a living in a new country. Perhaps this fact sharpened his mental capacity and taught him early to depend on his own efforts more than would have otherwise been the case, making him an exceptionally successful business man in after life. Soon after becoming twenty-one years of age he invested his savings ina trading venture to New Orleans by means of a flat-boat, which, at that early date, was the only manner of carrying the produce of the new country toa market. His venture proved successful, and he went forward in business from this small beginning until, in a few years, while still a young man, he took a leading place among the great pro- duce dealers and pork packers of Ohio. He made Circleville his head- quarters, and was an extensive shipper of pork and grain to New Orleans and the South. He was well and favorably known on every steamboat and at every business point on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, between Portsmouth and New Orleans. About 1830 he formed a partnership with Samuel Rogers in the dry goods, grocery, and produce business at Circleville, with whom he was connected until 1846. In 1845 they engaged in the commission business in New Orleans, and at the end of that year Mr. Rogers re- tired from the business. Mr. Martin then associated with himself Dr. Stockwell, formerly of Lafayette, Indiana, and continued the commis- sion business at New Orleans, Cincinnati, and New York. In 1850 he removed to Decatur, Illinois, where he died in April, 1879, aged nearly seventy-nine years. He was married, about 1825, to Miss Comfort Hopkins, of Pickaway county, from whom he derived some property, which assisted him in his early business enterprises. They had six or seven children, nearly all of whom died in infancy. Mr. Martin was a shrewd, careful, methodical business man, and was very successful in his business ventures. Besides this, he found time to store his mind with history, poetry, science, and politics. He was well informed on the current events of the day, and had a vigorous mind, and a memory that retained what he read, so that he was able to con- verse intelligently upon any subject. His convictions were strong, and he had a reason readv for the faith that was in him. He was always ready to aid and assist the needy and unfortunate, and especially so when he saw a person making energetic efforts to help himself. He has assisted many poor and deserving men to obtain a start in business life, sometimes losing money in the effort to advance the interests of others; but though this frequently happened, he did not lose faith in mankind, and ever stood ready to assist, with his means, a worthy man. Mr. Martin was of a class that is rapidly becoming extinct. He was truly an ‘‘old fashioned gentleman,” and was the personification of politeness. He retained the old-time ideas of business integrity and honesty, which are now-a-days too frequently laid aside in the haste men make in the effort to become rich. His obligations were always promptly paid, and his creditors satisfied in full of all their demands. It would be well if the lessons taught by the lives of such men in every- day life were more fully heeded and patterned after by the men of the present day. JOHN GROCE. John Groce was born in Frederick county, Maryland, and emigrated, when a young man, to the west, settling in Jefferson, of this county, before Circleville was laid out or was known as a town. In the year 1811, he returned to his native county, and on April 25, was united in mar- rlage to Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Louden county, Vir- ginia, and immediately thereafter again came west with his wife, and settled in Circleville, where he lived until his death. There were born to them seven children, as follows: Charles (who died in his twenty-second year), Lydia, Bentley, Caroline (who died in infancy), John, Mahlon (who died at the age of twenty-two years), and Elizabeth Ann, His wife died August 8, 1824, leaving him with a fam- ily of young children to care for. In 1827 he married 30 233 Mrs. Margaret Wolfley. fifty-fifth year. John, the third son, and subject of this sketch, was born January 18, 1818, at Circleville, this county. At the time of his father’s death he was in his seventeenth year. Thus left dependent upon his own resources, it became necessary for him to do for himself. He sought, as council, his father’s most intimate friend, the late Matthew McCrea, and the advice was given as follows: “John, go toa trade. It will learn you habits of in- dustry, and if you don’t want to follow it when you be- come a man, you need not.” Taking this sound advice, he immediately went to learn the saddling business with the late John A. Wolfley, com- mencing the same year, in April. He continued at his trade, as apprentice and journeyman, until the spring of 1839, when, on the thirteenth day of June, he commenced the business for himself, at Kingston, Ross county, Ohio, on a capital of eighty-five dollars. The same year, De- cember rgth, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Ellen Graham, who was born September 25, 1820. There have been born to them five children: infant daughter, born March 31, 1841; Mary Elizabeth, born July 26, 1842; Ellen Gillett, April 24, 1845; Jennie, September 27, 1847; Charles Erastus, born July 26, 1851. Mary Elizabeth married Bennett Foresman, October 20, 1864. They have had two children: John Philip, born October 3, 1866, and William Bennett, born August 3, 1873. Ellen Gillett married Frank M. Shulse, October 22, 1868. They have two children: Charles Groce, born July 22, 1869, and Emanuel Edgar, January 13, 1879. Jennie married Lemuel Boggs, October 20, 1870. They have two children: Nellie Groce, born January 12, 1872, and Margaret Cook, April 5, 1876. Mr. Groce continued in his business at Kingston for nine years, meeting with fair success. But having be- come strongly impressed with the idea that he could do better at other business, and feeling that Kingston was not the place to make the venture, he, with his little family, moved to Circleville, in August, 1848, immediate- ly going into the grain and pork business in connection with the late R. D. Atwater. In July, 1852, he also took an interest with Mr. Atwater in the dry goods business. In the fall of that year he went to Milton, Indiana, to pack pork, while Mr. Atwater attended to the business in Circleville, the interests at both points being the same. Mr. Atwater dying in December, of the same year, and the business proving largely losing, it left him without capital. But being energetic and hopeful, with nothing to lose and all to gain, he proposed to Mr. Atwater’s ex- ecutor to take the stock of goods on five years’ time, which was readily assented to, and taking Mr. Jacob Helman, also without capital, as a partner, went vigor- ously to work to retrieve losses. In the fall and winter of 1853-54 he again went into the pork trade alone, and, profiting by his past experi- ence, he was fortunate in the venture, so that he was en- abled to protect his dry goods notes as they matured from year to year. He continued in the dry goods and _ pork business until the year 1860, when he exchanged his dry He died March 18, 1834, in his 234 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. goods to the late E. B. Olds for a block of buildings, and has since carried on the pork trade with great success. November 12, 1872, he associated with himself his only son, Charles E., and the firm has since been known as John Groce & Son. One who has been his companion from boyhood, and is well qualified to judge of his many virtues and sterling qualities, says of him: ‘Mr. Groce is eminently a self-made man, Left at an early age with- out the example and counsel of a father, and possessed of but an ordin- ary common-school education, he started out in the battle of life. But whilst he lacked these advantages, which are generally so necessary to success, he did possess qualities of mind which were gradually devel- oped and made the groundwork of a successful business life, and that was a determination to study out and become master of any business he might undertake to prosecute. That has been fully demonstrated in the almost national reputation he has attained for his manner of curing meats, and particularly hams. Mr. Groce isa man of very positive convictions, and when once an opinion is formed, it is held with firmness, and yet not without being willing always to give a reason for his opinion, He has always been identified with every public enterprise, and has contrib- uted as much as any citizen to build up our city, as his large and well- appointed pork house and fine residence demonstrate. He took an active part in securing subscriptions for the purchase of the grounds of our beautiful Forest cemetery, and has been one of its directors from the beginning until the present time. He was a member of the national convention that nominated R. B. Hayes for president of the United States, and is now chairman of the Republican central committee of this county.” CAPTAIN JOHN H. GROCE was one of the worthiest of the many young men of Pickaway county, who gave their lives for their country, and a man whom, had he lived to mature years, would doubtless have won, through his superior talents, high distinction. He was the son of Bently and Matilda Y. Groce, and was born in Circleville, April 13, 1840. His education was partially obtained under the teaching of Hon. James A. Garfield, and was very thorough and complete. He was a young man of intellectual tastes, a successful teacher, and intended to practice the profession of law. He had intense patriotism, and so it came about that when the war of the Rebellion began, he was one of the very first to answer the call for volunteers. He went out as a member of company G, Second regi- ment, Ohio volunteer infantry, for three months, and was appointed orderly sergeant. After the elapse of a short time, he, in connection with Jacob W. Taylor, enlisted a company of men to serve three years, or during the war. Their company was assigned to the Thirticth regi- ment, and Mr. Groce was elected its first lieutenant, his commission bearing date of August 22, 1861. Immediately after being mustered into service, the regiment was ordered into West Virginia. Lieutenant Groce did not go, however, but returned home upon a furlough, with orders to recruit forthe service. He joined the force in a few days after, and soon received the appointment of adjutant of the regiment.” On the nineteenth of November, 1861, he was promoted to the captaincy of the company he had enlisted. He served in that capacity until June, 1864, when he was appointed assistant inspector-general of the Second brigade and Second division, under General Lightburn, in which posi- tion he remained up to the time of his death. Ile was engaged in nu- merous skirmishes, in the early part of the war, and at Vicksburg com- manded a fleet of boats, under the eye of General Sherman, and was eminently useful in protecting the crews compelled to run the gauntlet of the rebel shore batteries. In this capacity he first attracted the atten- tion of General Sherman, whose confidence he ever after held. After taking an active part in various expeditions, he was selected, in 1863, to lead the ‘‘ forlorn hope,’ on the second of May, in the storming of one of the rebel forts of Vicksburg. He commanded one hundred and fifty men, whose duty it was to make the assault and lay a bridge overa ravine in the interior of the works. His command was assailed with a terrible fire, but neither he nor his followers quailed in the performance of their stern task. All of his men were killed, except twenty-three, and he himself was painfully and dangerously wounded. He lay in the trenches until night, when, faint from the loss of blood, he made his escape to the Union lines, amid a perfect shower of bullets. He was generously complimented for his bravery by General Blair and other 5 officers. Being unfitted for duty, he came home on a furlough, where he remained until his wound was partially healed. It was during that furlough that he was presented with a sword, in token of his friends’ appreciation of his gallantry in the memorable siege of Vicksburg. He returned to the army the following winter, joining the force at Larkins- ville, Alabama. His active spirit led him into numerous encounters with the enemy, in one of which he severely injured his wounded arm. With his regiment he returned home on a furlough, but went back to the south, just after the battle of Resaca. From this time he was at- tached to McPherson's corps, and participated in all of the principal battles up to the fall of Atlanta and the battle of Jonesboro. He par- ticipated in Sherman's march to the sea, and was, with others, especially detailed to storm Fort McAllister. Whenever there was a deed to be done which required especial courage and daring, he was certain to be employed. It was at the storming of Fort McAllister that he lost his life. He fell by the shot of a sharpshooter, while in advance of his di- vision, reconnoitring the enemy's works, December 13, 1864. He was buried near the spot where he was shot down, and after the army ob- tained possession of Savannah, his remains were sent to his home and friends by his friend, Captain Earnest. Captain Groce was emphatically a military man, and well deserved the name, ‘‘bravest of the brave.” He went to the front fearlessly, though with premonition of death, and no persuasion of friends could deter him from remaining in the service as long as there was need for men to bear arms in their country's defence. He was popular among the people of Circleville, and the same quali- ties that made him generally liked and respected by them, caused him to obtain and hold the love of his men in the army. His death was a severe blow to his parents, whose solace he was, and was deeply de- plored by the whole people of the town which had been his home. He died im his twenty-fourth year. T. C. SMITH. Talmer Cone Smith was born in Whitestown, Oneida county, New York, July 31, 1823. His parents, Joseph Otis Smith and Harriet, zee Cone, Smith, were descended from the best New England stock—his father being named for his grandfather, Joseph Otis, who was a brother of the celebrated James Otis, of Boston. Joseph Otis was descended from John Otis, who, with his fam- ily, came from Hingham, in Norfolk, England, in June, 1635, and Edward Doten, who came over in the May- flower. His great-grandiather, Ignatius Smith, emigrated from Wales to Massachusetts early in the cighteenth cen- tury. His mother’s family was of English descent, leav- ing England and settling in Connecticut, in the latter part of the seventeenth century. The subject of this sketch received a good academic education, working on the farm during the summer, where his father was born, and on which his brother, Mark H. Smith, now lives and owns, until he arrived at majority, when he emigrated to Ohio. He studied law with the Hon. Henry W. Smith, of London; was admitted to the bar in December, 1846, by the old supreme court of Ohio. He opened a law office in Circleville, Ohio, in April, 1847, where he has practiced ever since. From 1849 to 1856 he was in part- nership with Judge Thomas C. Jones, now of Delaware, Ohio. He was elected city solicitor in the spring of 1855, and re-elected in the spring of 1857, holding the office four years. He was elected prosecuting attorney in the fall of 1855, and held the office one term. He never sought for office, but his great desire and aim was to wholly devote his time and energy to the labors of his oe e CARRIAGE HOUSE. To oo LARGE BARN. RESIDENCE oF EDWARD SMITH, CIRCLEVILLE, 0O. RESIDENCE oF JOSEPH P. SMITH, CIRCLEVILLE, 0. (FROM NORTH EAST.} HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. : 235 ¥ profession. He practiced in all the courts of Ohio and in the circuit and supreme court of the United States, meeting successfully the best lawyers in the State. He has one of the largest and best-selected law libraries in Ohio. In December, 1858, he married Miss Sarah Osborn, a daughter of Ralph Osborn, who was auditor of State from 1815 to 1823, and of Jeannett, the eldest daughter of General James Denny, a gallant officer of the war of 1812. Miss Denny’s first husband was Dr. Daniel Tur- ney. The fruits of this union are three daughters—Jean- nett $., Mary O., and Harriet O. During the war of the Rebellion T. C. Smith was a member of the military committee of Pickaway county, giving freely of his time and money to sustain the gov- ernment in its time of need. EDWARD SMITH. The beneficent tendency of our free American institutions finds no more striking exemplification than in the successful career of Mr. Ledward Smith and his younger brother, Joseph P., with whom he has been in partnership almost ever since he attained his majority. He was born in county Down, Ireland, September, 1826; his parents, Patrick and Rose Anna (Quinn) Smith, belonging to the honest and hardy yeomanry of that prolific isle. While he was yet in infancy, his father emigrated with his family to Toronto, Canada, where the father died in the latter part of 1832. For six years the heroic mother sup- ported the family by her own exertions, thus, by her example, as well as by her careful training, cherishing in her boys those habits of indus- try and self-reliance which became the basis of their good fortune in after life. In 1836 she married Bernard Riley, who was also from Ire- land. He seems not only to have been a good husband to her but also a true father to his step-sons, since ‘they remained with him until his death, which occurred in 1850—nearly three years after Edward be- eame of age. In 1837, about a year after the mother's second marriage, they re- moved to Lockport, New York, where they remained a little over two years; and from that place, in June, 1840, they came to Circleville, which was to be the scene of their future labors and successes. Mr. Riley was a farmer, and accumulated considerable personal property by laboring for others, renting land or working it on shares, but never purchasing. Previous to his death the two Smiths—Edward and Joseph—had become familiar with the broom-corn business (in which they have since acquired both wealth and fame) by working for the Eaton brothers, the pioneers in this branch of businesss in Pick- away county. [For the details of this business the reader is referred to what is said of it under the head of ‘‘Manufacturing Interests,” in an- other place. ] Immediately after their step-father’s death, the two brothers pur- chased all his personal property at public sale, on a credit of nine months, John Boyer being the administrator. They then rented land of Thomas Huston, which they cultivated one season on shares. In November, of the same year (1850), Edward went with the Eaton brothers—who had left the broom-corn business and gone into iron mining in northern Michigan—to assist them in their operations, taking with him four horses and harness. There he stayed till February 1, 1851, when, having become satisfied that mining was not his ‘‘best hold,” he sold out his horses and harness to the Eatons, and took their note in payment. Then he and two other young men started, on snow- slices, for the lower part of Green bay, over eighty miles, camping out every night for a week, the snow being some five feet deep on an aver- age. From there he walked on the ice to Green Bay city, which occu- pied another week; thence by coach to Milwaukee, where he stayed over night, and the next morning started on foot for Chicago, where he arrived in about three days. There he stayed over night, and then took stage to Michigan City, which, at that time, was the farthest point west reached by rail. There he took the cars to Columbus, and thence to Circleville by coach, arriving the latter part of February, having been three weeks making the trip. He immediately made arrangements to go to farming with his brother, working land one season for Mr. Huston—partly on shares, and partly by the acre for three dollars per acre. In the fall of that year (1851) Mr. George Chrysler, of Lockport, New York, came west to engage parties, well acquainted with the business, to raise broom-corn for him. He was referred to the Smith brothers, who entered into a contract to supply him with the corn from two hundred acres of ground. In the following spring they rented this amount of land of Mr. Huston, which they cultivated in broom-corn that season, according to their contract. The crop amounted to over seventy tons, which they baled and shipped to Mr. Chrysler, at Lockport, New York. This may be considered as the beginning of their remarkable career in the broom business, which has not only swept wealth into their own coffers, but has also swept want from the door of many poor and indus- trious families. An enumeration of the parcels of ground purchased by Mr. Smith at different times, and constituting his present landed estate, will not be uninteresting; the nine acres, in the center of which stands his fine sub- urban vilia, was purchased of John Cradlebaugh, March 17, 1860, for one thousand six hundred dollars; December 9, 1859, he bought of Governor Morgan, of New York, one hundred and ninety-seven acres, for thirteen thousand dollars ; five acres, lying contiguous, in the corpo- ration of Circleville, being added in 1862—bought of John Fleming, for five hundred and fifty dollars; June 2, 1862, he purchrsed of William Hughes thirty-eight acres, for two thousand five hundred and nineteen dollars; May 24, 1867, of the C. & M. V. R. R., eleven acres, for nine hundred and fifteen dollars and sixty cents; November 14, 1867, of Dr. «\. W. Thompson, fifty-six acres, for seven thousand eight hundred and forty dollars. The land owned by the two brothers, in partnership, consists of one farm of five hundred and twenty acres, lying in Jackson and Wayne townships; the other, of three hundred and thirty-three and one-half acres, known as ‘‘the Robert Foresman farm,” bought October g, 1869, belongs to E. Smith. My. Smith received his education in private schools in Canada and New York; also, for two winters, in the old public school of Circleville, and finished with one month's tuition under old Mr. Brittan, who, in 1847, had a private school over Samuel Rogers’ store. He has never had any political aspirations, but he has been, for many years, a member of the Circleville city council, and is now, for the sec- ond term, president of the corpvration. He was married in February, 1855, to Sarah A. Lynch, daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth (Sharkey) Lynch, who came to this part of Ohio about the year 1841, Her father was a native of Ireland, and her mother ot Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrsy Smith have had seven chidren, named) in the order of their birth) as follows: Elizabeth and Rosa (twins), Mary, Joseph S., Anna, Edward E., and James I. Of these, Rosa, Mary and Anna died in infancy. The rest are still living. Mr. Smith is an active member and a most liberal supporter of the Roman Catholic church, as may be seen in the history of St. Joseph's church, Circleville, related on another page of this volume. JOSEPH P. SMITH. The reflections made in regard to the business character and career of Edward Smith, apply with equal force to his younger brother and part- ner, named above. Though quite unlike, personally (Joseph having considerable the advantage of his brother in physical proportions), the brothers, nevertheless, strongly resemble each other in their sterling qualities of mind and heart. J. P. Smith was born in Toronto, Canada, in the month of March, 1831. He followed the fortunes of his family, which have been briefly related in the biography of his brother Edward ; and, at the age of nine years, found himself in Circleville, which was to be his home for nearly the whole of his subsequent life. There he lived and labored with his step-father (attending school part of the time, during the winters) till the latter died, in 1850, and afterwards in partnership with his brother, till the early part of 1856—when he removed to Berne township, Fair- field county, where he had rented ‘‘the old Thomas Ewing farm” for three years. Here he devoted himself mainly to the raising of broom- corn, to which business it would almost seem he was predestinated by a sort of fatality which he could not escape. But his devotion to his busi- ness, assiduous as it was, did not prevent him from giving due attention to another still more important—the one, in fact, to which every business avocation in life should be held as merely subsidiary—viz.: the formation of a home and the support of a wife and children. It was during these three memorable years on ‘' the oid Ewing place,” 236 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. that is to say, in the month of November, 1856, that he was married to Miss Susan P. Bish, in Lancaster, her native town. Her parents, Mar- tin and Magdelene Bish, were of the good old Teutonic stock, having em- igrated from Germany and settled in this part of Ohio, at an early day. The results of this marriage are shown by the following goodly list of children: 1, Edward S., born August 31, 1857; 2, Mary M., born August 16, 1859—died September 24, 1860; 3, Francis C., born January . 27, 1862; 4, Cecelia C., born February 13, 1864; 5, Charles, born March 14, 1866; 6, William, born March 27, 1868; 7, Susan, born August 17, 1870; 8, Anna E., born November 11, 1872; 9, Joseph, born March 2, 1875; 10, Rose, born July 3, 1877. .\fter his three years on ‘‘the Ewing farm,”’ Mr. Smith came back to Pickaway county and carried on the same business, by himself, for one year, in Harrison township; after which, in 1860, he returned to Circle- ville and renewed, with his brother, the partnership which has continued ever since. It was in the spring of this year [1860] that he met with an exciting and tragic adventure, which is well worthy of being put on record, and which shows that the ordinarily unevenful life of a farmer may some- times become as perilous as that of those ‘‘who go down to the sea in ships, and occupy their business in great waters.” Those who have seen the Scioto only in its placid moods, can have but a faint conception of what it is capable of becoming when swollen with rage by the torrents of rain which sometimes deluge the whole length and breadth of its fertile valley. The freshet of April, 1860, will long be remembered by many of our readers who lost valuable property, or still more valuable friends, in its angry flood. The land owned or cultivated by the Smiths, west of the river, was nearly all in- undated, and the whole country around had the appearance of a vast lake. Ata distance from the river the water had surrounded some barns and other out-buildings-where was stored a large quantity of farm implements and property of various kinds. Mr. Smith and three other men—Joseph Levering, Wm. Monahan, and Daniel Carrol—set out to see what they could do to prevent this property from being carried away. ‘They started from the aqueduct in a skiff. Near this point the river had broken through the levee built along its western side DR. KINGSLEY RAY. The subject of this sketch was born in Munroe county, New York, October 20, 1797. He was the first of the children of Dr. John Ray, who settled in western New York. about the year 1795, having emigrated from Massa- chusetts, when the country was an almost unbroken wil- derness from Albany to Buffalo. The first wife of Dr. John Ray was Betsey Kingsley. In Ontario county he acquired a very good reputation as a physician, and died at Pittsford, New York, at the age of forty-seven years. Kingsley Ray received his medical education at Dart- mouth college, New Hampshire. He was a pupil of to protect the low lands from inundation, but affording no protection against a flood like this, and the water, rushing through the crevasse made a stiff current away from the river fora long distance. The boat, in getting out of the river into the lake beyond, fell into this rushing current, struck against the bank, was swamped, filled with water, and sunk. Mr. Smith, who, one might think, would have, like Falstaff, ‘a sort of alacrity in sinking,” struck out boldly for a box-elder tree which stood some distance off, reached it, clambered up into it, and was saved. Levering, trying to follow him, was swept away by the current and drowned. Monahan first tried to save himself by climbing upon the levee, but the water washed him off and carried him past the tree in which Mr. Smith had saved himself, to the neighborhood of one a little farther down. This he made a’ desperate effort to reach, but failed, and he, too, was drowned. Carrol managed to cling to the boat, which had not sunk beyond his depth, and there maintained him- self till help arrived and rescued both the survivors from their perilous situation, The estimation in which Mr. Smith is held by his fellow-citizens is seen in the fact that he has been elected several terms member of the city council. He has also been township trustee, and is at present a member of the board of trustees of the State asylum for the insane at Columbus. Like his brother, he is a devoted and liberal member of the Roman Catholic church; is president of the St. Joseph’s total absti- nence society, and also of St. Joseph's benevolent society, in said church. Besides the property held in partnership with his brother, Mr. Smith owns the beautiful private residence in Circleville, of which a fine lithographic view is given on another page of this volume. . We should consider this family history incomplete if we neglected to state, in conclusion, that the excellent mother of these two remarkable men survived to a good old age to witness and enjoy their prosperity, being tenderly cherished in her declining years by her two grateful sons, who inherited largely from her those rare endowments which have made them not only successful business men, but also honored and useful citizens. She died October 13, 1877, aged about seventy-five years. Her loss was not only deeply lamented by her sons, but by a large cir- cle of friends. y) j Mr : Y iy Vy tg Wy, Yy Prof. R. 1. Mussey, and graduated in August, 1821. After spending two years in his native county, in the practice of his profession, he removed to Franklin county, Ohio, where he had a very successful practice for fifteen years. From this county he went to Delaware, in the same State, remaining eight years, and thence, in the year 1845, to Circleville, where he now resides. For several years after he came to Ohio, there was not a bridge across a stream in Delaware and Franklin coun- ties. The roads were in such a condition as to make it necessary to travel on horseback eight months in the year. The month of September was known as the “sickly HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 237 month.” The summer of 1823 was attended with an unusual amount of sickness throughout the state. Vio- lent remittent and intermittent fevers prevailed. On the first day of September, 1823, which was one of the hottest of the season, he got on and off his horse twenty-three times—several of his patients living miles apart. But though the fevers, during that year were prevalent and so severe, yet the proportion of fatal cases was, by no means, as great as in the following year. In the early part of the doctor’s practice, intermittent fevers were treated with various remedies, the crude Pe- ruvian bark, which had then long been in use, being one of them. But in April, 1824, there was brought to Co- lumbus an ounce of quinine, of which Dr. Ray was so fortunate as to procure one-eighth part, for trial. The introduction of this alkaloid, which contains, in its most condensed form, the medicinal principle of Peruvian bark, soon revolutionized the practice, not only of Dr. Ray, but of the entire medical fraternity. In the spring of 1826, having become thoroughly es- tablished in his professional practice at Worthington, Franklin county, our young practitioner returned to western New York, for the sake of bringing back a bride to his home in the then “far west.” This ‘“‘chosen one” was Miss Mary Mason Lathrop, to whom he was married on the.twelfth of March, at Lima, in Livingston county. An account of the ancestry of this beautiful and accom- plished woman may be found in her biography, recorded in another place. At present we must confine ourselves to a history of the Ray family. The married life of Dr. and Mrs. Ray has heen identi- fied with the State of Ohio (that part of it which consti- tutes the Scioto valley) for more than fifty years; twelve years having been spent at Worthington, Franklin county; eight years at Delaware, and thirty-three years at Circle- ville. While they have had their part in the hardships and discomforts incident to a professional life in a half- settled country, they have both seen, and participated in, the development and steady growth of the State, in the building up of churches, schools, libraries, and whatever else tends to the promotion and diffusion of truth. They have had eight children, only three of whom sur- vive. We give a necessarily brief notice of each: 1, Elizabeth L., born in April, 1828. She was a young lady of unusual talent, especially in music. She married Mr. Handy; died July 20, 1861, at Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 2, Frances Jane, born in June, 1830—died in early child- hood. 3, Janette Miller, born in March, 1832; married Mr. Long in 1852. She was of a sweet, domestic, chris- tian character. She died in New York city, February 1, 1854. 4, John Eleazer, born February 16, 1834. He was possessed of fine qualities of mind and heart. Hav- ing a natural aptitude for finance, he was placed, at six- teen years of age, with General Hoel Lawrence to learn the business of banking. But, on the breaking out of the rebellion, he could not remain deaf to the call of his country, and entered the army’in 1861. He was made captain in the Thirteenth Ohio infantry; was wounded and taken prisoner at Stone River; fought through those terrible days at Chickamauga. After the battle of Chick- amauga, he resigned his commission as captain in the Thirteenth Ohio volunteer infantry at Jonesboro, Georgia, and returned to his chosen profession, in which he had no superior. He had a finely cultivated mind, and a kind and sympathetic heart. He was a churchman from principle, and at Winona, Minnesota, where he last lived, he contributed much, both in time and money, toward the completion of the beautiful: Episcopal church in that city, of which he was elected junior warden. He died in New York city, March 8, 1876. 5, David Brainard, born March 25, 1836. He was graduated with fair scholarship from Kenyon college, when nineteen years old. Then, with boyish enthusiasm he went west, where he had a rather trying experience in locating land as a “squatter.” Concluding that that was not his fort, he taught for a while at Galena, Illinois, doing church work with and for Dr. Benedict, rector of the Episcopal church in that city. Then he accepted a professorship in the military institute at Frankfort, Kentucky, but resigned on account of the civil troubles in 1861. He then scttled down to the study of divinity in the “Divinity School” at Phiadelphia, and for ten years has been the devoted and successful rector of Grace (Episcopal) church, at Harlem, New York city. 6, Leigh Richmond, born in October, 1839. He is a man of integrity and christian principle, leading an unmarked but useful life, at Zanes- ville, Ohio. 7, Louisa, born in January, 1842. She married the Rev. J. F. Ohl, in 1862, who is now rector of the Episcopal church, in Zanesville. 8, Edward Mason, the youngest, born in January, 1846; a lovely child who died at the age of seven years. Mr. and Mrs. Ohl have five children, named, in the order of their birth, as follows: Josiah K., Frank McK., Louisa R.,. Frederick Robertson, and an infant, to be named Mary, after her maternal grandmother. At the late commencement at Gambier his a/ma mater conferred upon Mr. Ohl the honorary degree of doctor in divinity. Mrs. Ohl is an energetic woman and a good and pru- dent mother. Possessing, as she does, large executive ability, there will be no lack, in her life-work, of a com- prehensive activity. She will be known most in the rearing of a christian family, in planning for the relief of the poor, and in the various benevolent works of the present day. Dr. Ray, the patriarch of the goodly family so hastily sketched above, is still, though in the cighty-second year of his age, in good health, and in the full possession of all his mental and physical faculties. Since the close of the war he has not practiced in his profession ; but the pleas- ant competence by which his old age is surrounded, and | the grateful affection with which his many patients con- tinue to speak of him (some of them alive to-day, humanly speaking, through the exercise of his care and skill), bear ample testimony to the success of his profes- sional career. In his deportment toward his patients he was attentive and sympathetic. From principle he always responded to the calls of all classes alike, and he was never known to oppress those who were in strattened circumstances. The money on his uncollected bills would have made him a richer man in this world, but he 238 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. is quite content that it should be added to the treasures laid up for him in the world to come. During the last thirty years he has been a member (active, consistent, and liberal) of the Episcopal church, and he is looking forward, with the calm assurance of a christian hope, to the time, now in the course of nature not far distant, when he and the loved companion of his youth shall rejoin their children and their pious ancestors and friends, who have preceeded them to the blissful re- pose of paradise. MKS. MARY M. RAY. Mrs. Mary Mason (Lathrop) Ray is descended from a long line of Puritanic ancestry, reaching back seven gen- crations, on the maternal side, to Major John Mason (1630) who, besides holding many public offices of trust, successfully subdued the Pequot Indians, and secured peace to the colony of Connecticut. Succeeding genera- tions of the Mason family have furnished honorable names to New England history—such as the late Hon. Jeremiah Mason, of Boston; the late Hon. Theodore Sedgwick, also of Massachusetts; the late Mrs. Elijah Boardman, of Milford, Connecticut; the Hon. George P. Marsh, of Ver- mont, author, and resident minister to Florence, besides many others. On the paternal side, the first ancestor known was (five generations back) named Hopestill Lathrop (or Lothrop), who, with his wife, Elizabeth, lived in Tolland, Con- necticut, during the first years of the last century. Their son Melatiah, and his wife, Mary Hatch, with a family numbering nine sons and seven daughters, moved to Duchess county, New York. The unique, and almost ludicrous adherence of those old Puritans, with large fam- ilies, to the practice of giving Scripture names to their children, is seen in this family—the nine sons alluded to being named as follows: Simon, Walter, Meletiah, Ezra, Ichahod, Josiah, Ebenezer, John and Eleazer. Of these, Simon was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. They all, as well as their seven sisters, lived to old age, and of their posterity it may truly be said, “their name is legion.” Successful men, as tillers of the soil, this hardy brotherhood has Icft a rich legacy to the suceced- ing generations now spread over all the land. Strong christian principle, intellectual strength, patriotism, tem- perance, and more than ordinary domestic virtucs are the distinguishing characteristics of this racc. Among them have been many scholars, and literary men, college pro- fessors, etc., for whose names, even, we can not find space. Philander Lathrop, one of the fourth generation from Hopestill Lathrop, and father of ‘tour heroine,” was born in New Canaan; State of New York, in 1776. He emi- grated, when a youth, to Hartford, Washington county, where he was employed as merchant’s clerk by his brother- in-law, Daniel Mason, esq., and afterward became a part- ner with him in business. In 1798 he married Elizabeth Mason, of Franklin, Connecticut, the venerable Samuel Nott, D.D., officiating. ‘They had four children, of whom only the youngest, now Mrs. Dr. Ray, survives. We have room for no more than a very brief sketch of this family, as follows: 1, Horace, born in January, 1800; he is well remem- bered in Columbus, the scene of his busines life, as Dr. Horace Lathrop, a man learned in his profession, endowed with rare mental gifts, especially with that of an engaging and graceful conversation. He died of cholera in 1849, leaving a daughter, Mrs. J. D. Osborn, of Columbus, and a son, Martin D, Lathrop, of Chicago. 2, Eliza Maria, born April 16, 1801. In early womanhood she marricd the Rev. Eleazer Lathrop, a distant cousin, of the same original stock. She was a woman of rich endowments of mind, and the associations of her married life were favor- able to a large christian development. She and her hus- band both died in 1834, leaving an only son, Henry D., five years of age, who (being a natural scholar), by dint of hard labor, in teaching others, and hard study in teaching himself, secured his baccalaureate degree at Gambier, about the year 1848. Some years later he studied theol- ogy in that same well-known “school of the prophets,” which also, subsequently made him a doctor of divinity. After filling various important and useful situations (for the enumeration of which we have neither time nor space) he accepted a call to the rectorship of the Church of the Advent, San Francisco, where he spent eleven successful years as a faithful laborer in the sacred ministry. Now, his fifty-first year finds him at the head of a flourishing school for girls at Eureka, Humboldt county, California, where he is also rector of the parish. 3, John Mason, born in September, 1804, a promising youth, who died at the age of twenty-one years, leaving no other record than that of an amiable and good life. 4, Mary Mason (now Mrs. Ray), born in Hartford, Washington county, New York, in 1806. In 1815, her father moved to Lima, Liv- ingston county, where they continued to live until she married Dr. Kingsley Ray, in 1826, and emigrated to Ohio. The carly years of Mrs. Ray were spent in a country home, where her time was divided between attendance at the common district school, and the duties of home-life ona farm. ‘This part of her history serves to show that the intellectual and social graces flourish as well when grafted upon the native stock of a country training, as when reared exclusively in a city atmosphere, which has been thought to be best adapted, if not, indeed, absolutely essential to their germination and growth. At the age of fourteen she was sent to a select school in the town of Lima, where the advantages previously enjoyed were en- larged by the addition of history, rhetoric, chemistry, etc. At seventeen she went to Geneva, New York, to attend a classical school (which has since grown into Hobart col- lege), under the very able management of the Rey. Dr. McDonald, the Rev. John Alonzo Clark (author of “Walks about Zion”), and others.” Being always in- clined both to study and observe, these opportunities were not misimproved—one and a half years closing the period of her school life. At the age of fifteen Mrs. Ray connected herself with the Presbyterian church; but, in later life, she found, a . r — ly - oO 9 tC age ee, LD tM. ‘ My ~ HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 239 along with her husband, what has proved to them a more congenial home, in the church known as Protestant Episcopal. In May, 1872, she visisted Washington city, Baltimore, and various localities in Virginia; and in December, of the same year, she left the Altlantic seaboard for a trip across the continent, and a visit to San Francisco, in company with her nephew, the Rev. Dr. H. D, Lathrop. The novel scenes, incidents, and experiences of that trip, and of her seven months’ residence on the Pacific slope, were to her a source of almost youthful enjoyment, and added largely to the intellectual treasures which render her conversation so charming and instructive. For, like her gifted brother, the late Dr. Horace Lathrop, she excels in that enviable talent, which makes her society a source of perennial delight to her friends. During her residence in California she became deeply interested in the “Chinese problem,” taking active part in a mission Sunday-school, organized for the benefit of young China- men. She takes a more hopeful view of their future in this country, than is usually entertained. Mrs. Ray devotes herself, with active zeal, to every benevolent enterprise which commends itself to her judgment and conscience; and even those who disagrde with her as to questions of policy, cannot but express their admiration for the heroic courage which often characterizes her zeal. We close this imperfect sketch with the following tribute to Mrs. Ray, by one of her devoted friends: "A good and useful woman, with most remarkable endowments of mind and character, improved by high christian culture, producing those graces that adorn society, the church, and the world—such is our friend to those who know her well. We who thus know her feel the power of her single, earnest faith--the calm might which it inspires— the beauty and reward of a life ‘hid with Christ in God.’ “She is a tower of strength to the friendless and sorrowing ; wise and prudent in counsel, ready for every good word and work. We might speak of her noble ancestry—their noble deeds—the chivalry and valor of the men nurtured by mothers fit to inspire sons with the spirit of a noble life-—a life that makes ‘the actions of the just smell sweet and blossom in the dust.’ . “We might tell how, at life's sunset, in the shadow of the day's de- cline, she stands looking back at the graves of her household, where the little children were put away tenderly, with white hands folded—how the older ones followed, the friends we best loved, cut down in the prime of life, while standing on the brow of the hill, with bright eyes looking to a happy future. But for all this, silence is the most ex- pressive language. ” “We feel more than the words can express, while drawing this brief sketch of one who has made us welcome at her ingleside, and infused into her hospitality so much sweetness and christian courtesy. “May she live long to bless her husband, children and friends. And when the last Saturday night comes, that brings her in from life’s week of toil and care, may it usher in for her the eternal Sabbath of rest, in those celestial gardens where angels walk and seraphs are the wardens." DR. MARCUS BROWN was born July 5, 1797, at Colebrook, Litchfield county, Connecticut. His parents were Frederick and Catharine (Case) Brown, both of English extraction. His father was of the fifth generation in descent from Peter Brown, one of the Pilgrim Fathers who, on the twenty-first of December, 1620, landed on the “stern and rock-bound coast” of New England. His grandfather, John Brown, was a captain in the revolutionary war, and died of camp fever in hospital, in New York city, a little before its evacuation by the patriot forces, in 1776. His ancestors, like most of the good old New England stock, were tillers of the soil. Dr. Brown came west with his father in 1816, settling in Wadsworth, Medina county, in this.State; his mother having died at Colebrook in his early infancy, about the year 1801. The father purchased a farm in Wadsworth, upon which he lived some twenty-nine years, and then moved to Circleville to live with his son, where he died in 1848, The son continued with his father at Wadsworth three years, then went to Somerset, in Perry county, where he entered upon the business of teaching; having fitted him- self for this profession in the common schools of his native State. He taught but one year in Somerset; then one year in Salem, Ross county; and then one year in Bainbridge, same county, after which he established him- self in Circleville, where he continued four years. He was one of the pioneer teachers of private schools in this place, and is now remembered only by a few of the oldest inhabitants, as 4 faithful, conscientious, and thor- oughly successful teacher. He taught only the common branches, and his school averaged, in attendance, about forty pupils, during the four years of its continuance. While thus faithfully performing the duties of a teacher, he was gradually preparing himself for the medical pro- fession, studying Latin under Joseph Olds, and pursuing his medical studies with Dr. Erastus Webb, one of the earliest, most skillful, and most successful physicians in Circleville. Having been admitted to practice, he en- tered upon his new profession in 1825, at Williamsport, in the western part of Pickaway county. After practicing very successfully for five years, he decided, in order to keep pace with the constant progress and improvements in medical science, to attend a course of lectures in the Ohio medical college. This lasted for about four months, when, taking a diploma from that institution, he returned to Williamsport, where he continued six years longer, with a practice and a popularity constantly increasing. His “ride,” performed exclusively on horseback, e¢x- tended over twelve miles. In sickly seasons he found it necessary to keep a relay of three horses, and almost always had two. In 1836 he returned to Circleville, where he continued the practice of his profession till the fore part of the year 1850, when he retired formally, and, as he supposed, permanently, from practice. But the Asiatic cholera breaking out in July, of that year, he resumed practice, and continued during the prevalence of that disease, which was very severe, as the people of Circleville well remember. After the death of Dr. Webb, which oc- curred in the year 1848, he was the leading practitioner in Circleville, and his permanent retirement, in the latter part of 1850, was a source of great regret to a large cir- cle of friends. After retiring from the practice of medicine, Dr. Brown commenced the business of banking, in connec- 240 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. tion with what was known as the Pickaway county savings institute. He became president, and O. Ballard cashier—offices which they have respectively held in the same institution, under different names, till the present time. It is worthy of note that the present assistant cashier, William M. Drum, has been in the employ of the same institution since 1851, and the present teller, E. P. Garaghty, since 1854. Of this bank, which is now known as the First National bank of Circleville, the reader will find an account under the head of “Danks,” in the history of Circleville. About the same time that Dr. Brown went into the business of banking, he purchased a farm on the Royal- ton turnpike, which he carried on for five or six years. luring that time, in 1851, he attended the World’s fair in London, and brought back the first and the finest Norman horse ever imported to this part of Ohio. During a second trip to Europe, made in 1867, he, in company with T. C. Bigelow, purchased and imported five horses of the same stock; and the following year the same parties imported four others, all of which have much improved the breed of draught horses in this and other western States. On his second European tour, in 1867, he was accom- panied by his niece, Miss Kate Brown. ‘They spent three weeks in Paris, during the French exposition, when the gay capital was in all its glory; visited Brussels, Co- | logne, Mayence, Weisbaden, and Frankfort. They spent some time in Switzerland and Italy, dropped anchor in the Golden Horn, at Constantinople, and passed up the }osphorus to Sebastopol. Returning, they visited the principal points of interest in Asia Minor and the Holy Land. From Joppa they took steamer to Alexandria and Cairo; passed Algiers and Gibraltar, Madeira, and the Bermudas, and thence to New York, where they ar- rived on the ninth of November. The doctor gave up his farm in 1854, and formed a partnership in the drug business with Mr. George H. Fickardt, which continued till 1877. This arrangement, however, was mercly for the profitable investment of sur- plus capital, as he never gave any personal attention to the concern. It will be scen, from this bricf sketch, that uninter- rupted prosperity has attended Dr. Brown’s business ca- reer, But the same Providence, through whose ordering such unusual success has marked his financial history, has secn fit to order that his domestic life should be overshadowed by an cqually unusual degree of adversity. While teaching at Salem, in Ross county, he was mar- ried, November 30, 1820, to Miss Sarah Close, who was born in the same county, June 27, 1800. ‘They had three children—two daughters anda son. The former both died in infancy ; the latter, named Marcus Aurelius, was born August 13, 1824. Being a boy of unusual promise, his father destined him for the medical profes- sion, and spared no pains or expense in his education. He was graduated, with high rank as a scholar, at the Miami university. Three. years later he took his degree in medicine at the Jefferson medical college, in Philadel- phia, and immediately entered upon the practice of his not only destined but chosen profession, with his father, in Circleville. But this pleasant partnership continued but a little over one year. The son was already taking high rank asa physician, and the father, with natural and justifiable pride, was enjoying, by anticipation, his long career of usefulness and distinction, when all these fond hopes were rudely shattered by the hand of death. His son died in 1848, at the early age of twenty-four years. Thus, in one year, he was made fatherless and childless. His wife dying in 1859, the desolation of his household seemed complete. But “God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb.” His domestic calamities, remediless as they seemed, were not without alleviation; for over the home so sadly bereaved his favorite and accomplished niece now gracefully presides. But his friends say that it was chiefly his disappointment in the death of his son which made him weary of the practice of medicine, and led him to abandon it at the early age of fifty-three years. Although it may unquestionably be said of Dr. Brown, as truly as of any other successful business man, that his success is due to his financial ability, yet one incident in his career will serve to show that good fortune in invest- ment is as necessary to success as skill in management. In 1836, after eleven years’ practice as a physician, find- ing himself with a surplus accumulation, amounting to fifteen hundred dollars in gold, he went west to invest it in real estate. He visited Chicago, then a village of less than two thousand inhabitants. Although there were some, even then, who had great hopes of the infant “queen of the lakes,” yet its low, marshy and unhealthy situation was much against it, capital was still shy of it, and city lots and adjacent lands were, consequently, cheap. The doctor could have bought with his money what, before this time, might have made him a million- aire, but the prospect seemed too unpromising. He therefore went to Hennepin, in the same State, invested the whole of his fifteen hundred dollars in two town lots, kept them over twenty years, paying taxes on them every year, and finally sold them for less than five -hundred dollars! ‘This by no means impeaches his prudence and foresight, but it shows conclusively that what we call luck enters largely into what we call success. Dr. Brown has never sought or held any political office, and says that he has always been too much occu- pied with what seemed to him more important business. He is a firm believer in christianity, and has been for many years a member and an office-bearer in the Presby- terian church. Those who know him most intimately speak in the warmest terms of his benevolence and kind- ness of heart. Of no one was it ever more characteristic to “do good by stealth,” and no one would morc cer- tainly “blush to find it fame.” CAPTAIN SAMUEL W. McCULLOCH. One of the bravest, most gallant and promising of that great army of young men who fell in defense of their country in the war of the rebel- lion, was born in Circleville, Ohio, February 17, 1835. Ile entered the service asa private in Captain Sage’s company, Forty-third regiment Ohio voluntecr infantry, in October, 1861, and joined the encampment HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. at Mount Vernon. He was subsequently transferred, and promoted to a second lieutenantcy in Company D, Thirteenth Ohio volunteer in- fantry and followed that gallant regiment through all of its fortunes and misfortunes, participating in the great battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge and, under Sherman, in all the engage- ments up to the time of his death. While leading a charge, on the twenty-seventh day of May, 1864, Captain McCulloch was struck by a ball, which shattered both of his jaws and lodged in his right shoulder, causing his death the following day. Captain McCulloch was regarded by his superiors in rank as an officer of great courage and skill, and the most important movements were en- trusted to his execution. His courage never failed him at the critical point, and had he lived till the close of the war, would have attained high rank and distinction as a military man. He possessed great deci- sion and energy of character; was intelligent and social, and his moral qualities were above reproach. NELSON J. TURNEY, of Circleville, was born in Circleville, November 7, 1820. Mr. Turney is a direct lineal descendant of a French Huguenot family, who were driven from France in the latter part of the fifteenth century by papal persecu- tion, a short time prior to the revocation of the edict of Nantes by Louis XIV. Three brothers—Daniel, Peter, and Adam Turney—leaving a considerable property be- hind them, fled their native country, and landed in Philadelphia in 1668. Nelson J. is a great grandson of Daniel Turney, the French refugee. Henry Turney, son of Daniel and grandfather of Nelson, removed to Shepherdstown, Jefferson county, Virginia, where he married a lady named Endley, of Ger- man descent. The fruit of this marriage—six children— all died young, excepting Daniel, the father of Nelson, who was born at Shepherdstown, August 16, 1786. Henry removed from Shepherdstown to Chillicothe, Ohio, about the year 1800, where he followed the occu- pation of potter, and died in 1812. Daniel Turney, the father of Nelson, studied medicine at Philadelphia, and graduated there, and began the practice of his profession in the village of Jefferson, Pickaway county, in 1806. Dr. Daniel Turney was married to Miss Janet Stirling Denny, a daughter of Major-General James Denny, November 5, 1816. The fruit of this marriage was four children—Henry, Nelson, Isabella, and Samuel—but two of whom, Nelson and Isabella (now Mrs. McCrea), are living. Nelson’s maternal grandfather, General Denny, was one of the most prominent of the pioneers of the north- western territory and of Ohio, and served with distinction in the war of 1312 with Great Britain. He was of Scotch or Scotch-Irish descent, and was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, September 11, 1767. He was married to Miss Isabella Barr, of Wheeling, Virginia, in May, 1797, and removed thence to Marietta, in a keel- boat on the Ohio river, long before the era of steam navigation. Mr. Turney’s mother was born at Marietta, April 11, 1798. General Denny removed to Chillicothe in 1799, and to Pickaway county in 1807. General Denny was a government surveyor and locator of govern- ment lands. He owned the Fredonia newspaper, the first paper published in Pickaway county, in 1811 and 1812, the paper being edited by a Mr. Richardson. In 3r 241 1813 he was clerk of the courts in Pickaway county. He entered the United States service in the war with Great Britain as a major, and rose, by promotion, through the several grades to the rank of major-general. He was present, and was surrendered by Hull, at Detroit. He died in Philadelphia, November 23, 1815. Few men of his time filled a larger or more honorable position in the history of the new State than did General Denny. The Huguenot emigrants to America contributed as much, if not more, in proportion to their number, to the culture and prosperity of their adopted country, as any other nationality. They gave an impetus to the cause of independence during the long struggle of the infant colonies, and no less than three of the seven presidents of the Ppiladelphia convention during the revolutionary war were of Huguenot parentage; to wit, Henry Laurens, John Jay, and Elias Bondinot. Wherever they settled, they and their descendants speedily became men of mark in some way in their respective occupations and _profes- sions. In this respect Dr. Daniel Turney, the father of Nelson, fully vindicated the purity of his descent, and the superiority of the race, in the skill, intelligence, and energy with which he practiced his profession. He was a surgeon in the United States army in 1812, and he rapidly attained eminence, both as a physician and sur- geon, in the army and in his subsequent civil practice, where he was an arduous and successful practitioner. His distinguishing characteristics were firmness and courage—dqualifications indispensable to the successful surgeon. To these qualities he added remarkable energy and zeal, and he followed his profession, as all successful men must—from an intense love of, and devotion to it. A firm believer in the almost unlimited resources of medical sciencé, he never relinquished his efforts to save while life remained. His thorough educational training and his steady pur- suit of the study of the diseases peculiar to the climate of southeastern Ohio, gave him a mastery over them, which was shown by his unusually successful practice ; while his promptness and energy in alarming cases gave him a prestige in his profession which rendered his un- timely death, which occurred in 1827, an almost irrep- arable loss, no less to the community than to his family. In manner Dr. Turney was unaffected, earnest and generous, having in his nature no taint of selfishness. But on the contrary, he was liberal and considerate to all, ever regarding himself as the minister of the afflicted, whom he served often without the slightest prospect of compensation. At the time of his death he left a widow and four children, the oldest but ten years of age. Nelson’s brother, the late Dr. Samuel D. Turney, who died in 1878, was an eminent man in his profession, hav- ing served with distinction during the war of the rebellion as surgeon of volunteers, and as medical director. He was brevetted for meritorious and distinguished services. He was also surgeon general of Ohio, under Governors Hayes and Noyes, and was also a prominent and popular member of the faculty of the Starling medical college, at Columbus, Ohio. Nelson was educated at the public schools and at the 242 f HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. academy of Dr. Washburn, in Blendon, Franklin county. By the death of his father, Nelson was thrown upon his own resources, and when fifteen years of age he was employed as a clerk in the Columbus post ‘office, under Belah Latham, an intimate friend of his father, and the father of Hon. Milton S. Latham, one of the California millionaires of the present day. In 1837 he entered the long established house of Fay, Kilbourne & Co., of Columbus, of which firm the late Dr. Lincoln Goodale was a member, and the original founder. Here he re- mained until 1840, when with his mother and her family he returned to his native town and entered the establish- ment of H. & W. Bell, where he remained until appointed by the board of public works as collector of tolls for the Ohio and Erie canal at Circleville, and in that position he remained until a change of political management resulted in his being rotated out of office. In 1843 he entered the employ of the celebrated firm of Neil, Moore & Co., the extensive and widely known stage coach proprietors. In those days that firm wielded a power in the State and nation scarcely inferior to that now exercised by the larger lines of railway, as all the mails and passengers were transported from the sea- coast to the Mississippi valley by these and similar lines of coaches; and, at the time of which we write, there were but two unimportant lines of railway in the State. The reader, whose memory extends back to the days of stage coaches, cannot have yet forgotten the thrill of awe with which he gazed upon the huge swinging vehicle with its living load, drawn by four shining, prancing steeds, as it whirled through the village streets, nor the stirring tones of the driver’s bugle, which was wont to waken the echoes of the quiet night, with its note of warning to the drowsy hostler, or the still drowsier postmaster, warning them to be quick about changing horses and ‘mails, under pain of the driver’s severest displeasure, expressed in language more forcible than polished. The drivers of those days, the only heroes of that time who remain bright in memory, have long been stranded in quiet church-yards, or forced to the far west by the over- flowing tide of emigration and railway travel, where they may be occasionally found scaling the giddy grades of the Rockys and the Sierras, or dashing through the teeming California valleys. Here, in Ohio, they exist only in the memory of the middle-aged citizen, whose boyish heart was wont to swell with pride if he were in the enjoyment of a nod from the royal knight of the whip, and who would give a thousand miles of travel in a palace car to have one more swing at the tail of a fly- ing coach, hanging to the streaming straps of the loaded “boot.” While Mr. Turney was in the employ of the stage com- pany a difficulty occurred with a Missouri company, and he was forthwith dispatched to Missouri with a full equip- ment of coaches and horses, to run an opposition line in that State, and bring the western company to a realizing sense of their temerity in assuming to run counter to the will of the more powerful Ohio corporation. This prompt action of the Ohio company brought the Missouri com- pany to terms when Mr. Turney had only reached In- dianapolis, and he was at once ordered north with his outfit, and distributed the horses and coaches along the lake shore, between Sandusky and Detroit, where he es- tablished a line, with headquarters at Toledo, where he remained in charge of the business until the spring of 1844. He then returned to Columbus, remaining in the employ of the stage company until the following year, when he removed to Philadelphia and entered the whole- sale dry-goods house of Messrs. Miller, Cooper & Co., where he continued until the following year, when he re- turned to Ohio. He was then married to Miss Dorothea Renick, daughter of George Renick, esq., of Chillicothe, and engaged in thé mercantile business on his own ac- count at Circleville, where he remained until he sold out his business and removed to Chillicothe. In 1850 he returned to Pickaway county, where he engaged in farm- ing on an extensive scale, giving his attention more par- ticularly to stock-feeding. Twenty years after, with the intention of retiring from all active business, he sold his farm and removed to Circleville, where he built the beau- tiful and commodious house in which he now resides. Mr. Turney still owns a farm of five hundred and twenty-five acres, lying a short distance west of Circle- ville, which is one of the model farms of central Ohio. He has taken a deep interest in agriculture for many years, and has striven, by all proper means, to encourage a higher standard of excellence in farm management. He was an active member of the county agricultural so- ciety from its first organization, and for many years its president. He was also one of the most active and en- ergetic members of the State board of agriculture from 1862 to 1870, and was president of the board during the years 1863 and 1864. Mr. Turney was largely instrumental in developing the turnpike system of Pickaway county, and built the Cir- cleville, Darbyville and London turnpike. He also super- intended the building of the beautiful Masonic temple at Circleville, and was chairman of the committee of arrange- ments, June 2, 1879, on the occasion of its dedication, an event long to be remembered by the thousands of citi- zens of central Ohio who witnessed the imposing ceremo- nies and partook of the bountiful hospitalities of the Cir- cleville Free Masons. Few of the citizens of Ohio enjoy in a higher degree the respect, esteem and confidence of the people of Ohio than does Mr. Turney, and few are more deserving of confidence. His life has been well filled with positions of honor and trust, the duties of all of which he has dis- charged with remarkable fidelity and rare good judgment; and, singularly, all of his more important positions have been without compensation. By appointment of Governor Brough, in 1864, he was a member of the military committee of his county during the most trying period of the war, when treason reared its horrid form at home to threaten and alarm. In that position he was most devoted and self-sacrificing. White- law Reid, in his “Ohio in the War,” fully realized the importance of that valuable adjunct to the State military force when he said: “The services of the military committees throughout the war were HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 243 most valuable, as during all the years of the war there were enemies at home as well as at the front, who had to be met and overcome. As a member of his county commttee, Mr. Turney was actively engaged in providing for the raising and equipment of the various contingents of troops which Pickaway county was called upon to supply, and other- wise aiding and sustaining the State executive in the, darkest days of the civil war; and all this without other compensation than the consciousness of a patriotic duty faithfully performed. He was ever ready to respond to the calls of the governor to go to the front, where our stricken soldiers were languishing in hospitals, no matter at what sacrifice of time, or comfort, or pleasure. He was also actively engaged in the field during the memo- rable “ Morgan raid.” In 1859 Mr. Turney declined the nomination to the Ohio house of representatives, and, in 1868, he was the Republican candidate for congress, but his district being overwhelmingly Democratic, he was defeated by a strict party vote. In his early youth and manhood he was a Whig in politics, and connected himself with the Republi- can party on its organization. In 1872 he was a delegate to the Republican national convention which met in Phil- adelphia and nominated Grant the second time. In 1871 Mr. Turney was selected by Hon. Columbus -Delano, secretary of the interior, to go as a special com- missioner to investigate the business of the Indian agen- cies of the upper Missouri river, including the Yankton, Santee, Cheyenne, and Grand River Sioux, and subse- quently the agency at Green Bay, Wisconsin, and the ‘so-called “pine contracts” with the Menomonee Indians of Michigan. In the fall of the same year, in company with Hon. B. R. Cowen, assistant secretary of the in- terior, and Colonel J. J. Woods, of Kansas, he appraised the Cherokee lands in the Indian Territory west of g6° west longitude. In 1872, with Assistant Secre- tary Cowen and Major J. W. Wham, of Illinois, under appointment of the secretary of the interior, he visited the Teton Sioux, then under the leadership of the no- torious Sitting Bull, and after spending three months near the upper Missouri river in Montana, with the wild- est of the wild tribes, three hundred miles from any military force or station, and without escort or protec- tion of any kind, led away three thousand of Sitting Bull’s forces, and brought thirty of his most influential chiefs to Washington. In 1873, he served as chairman of the special commission appointed by Secretary Del- ano to investigate the lumber contracts made between Hon. E. P. Smith, commissioner of Indian affairs (then agent of the Leech Lake Indians), and A. H. Wilder, esq., of St. Paul, Minnesota. In 1871 Mr. Turney was appointed, by President Grant, a member of the celebrated board of Indian com- missioners. This board was provided for by an act of congress, and was to be filled only by men eminent for their philanthropy, who were to serve without compensa- tion. They exercised a great influence in the conduct of the business of the Indian office, and ably seconded the efforts of the president and Secretary Delano to intro- duce reforms in the Indian service. The following named gentlemen constituted the commission: Felix R. Brunot, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, chairman; Robert Campbell, St. Louis; William E. Dodge, Nathan Bishop, New York; John V. Farwell, Chicago; George H. Stuart, Philadelphia; E. S. Tobey, Boston; John D. Lang, Maine; Nelson J. Turney, Ohio, and Vincent Collyer, of New York, secretary. Mr. Turney served on this board until failing health compelled him to retire, in 1875. He was appointed by Governor Hayes as trustee of the Central Ohio asylum for the insane, and served until the Democratic legislature of 1874 legislated the board out of existence, On account of his well recognized business capacity and integrity, Mr. Turney was chosen assignee in bankruptcy of the estate of Mr. Lemuel Steeley, one of the largest estates in the Scioto valley. His management of the large interests thus committed to his charge in the very midst of the severest financial depression the coun- try ever experienced, is one among the many evidences of his ability. To the satisfactory settlement of that estate his friends can always point with commendable pride. Mr. Turney is unassuming in his manner, and some- what undemonstrative in the expression of his opinions, but he is none the less firm in his convictions and un- swerving in their support and advocacy. He is brave and generous to a fault, and neither danger, threats, nor ridicule can swerve him from what he thinks the path of right; but he is, at the same time, considerate of the opinions and feelings of others. In him the deserving young man, struggling for a foothold in the crowded oc- cupations of life, has always found a friend, and while he has ever been liberal in his gifts and charities, few of his most intimate friends are aware of his charitable efforts. Neither bigoted nor puritanic in his creed or in his life, he has yet so, demeaned himself as that his work will be able to stand the test of the Grand Overseer’s square when it is presented for inspection. In all the positions he has filled, no one has, even for a single moment, had reason to doubt his integrity, and the so- briquet, “Old Honesty,” which was, years ago, conferred upon him by his associate members of the Ohio State board of agriculture, is the very best evidence of his char- acter in that respect. The writer has seen him placed in positions where men of ordinary courage and integrity would have hesi- tated as to their duty, but his clear sense of right and justice was never clouded by fear, nor in the slightest de- gree disturbed by threats. Regardless of mere personal danger, he always goes straight forward in the line of duty. In short, he fully demonstrates, in his own clearly defined and positive character, the purity of his descent from those sturdy French Calvinists who could leave home, and country, and fortune, under the bloody perse- cution of papal despotism, but could not surrender their freedom of conscience and the liberty to worship God in their own way. 244 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. SAMUEL ROGERS. During the closing quarter of the last century, a con- siderable body of Germans, from Pennsylvania, attracted by the beautiful and fertile lands on the tributaries of the Shenandoah river, settled near Winchester, in Frederick county, Virginia. In that settlement, about the year 1798, Samuel Rogers, the subject of this sketch, was born. He was of German ancestry on. his mother’s side, and the prominent traits of his character were an inher- itance from his mother’s stock. Although occupying a region highly favored by nature, and rich in agricultural resources, a number of these set- tlers, early in the present century, imbued with the rest- lessness so characteristic of the pioneers of this country, resolved to seek new homes in the young State o Ohio, and accordingly emigrated thither about the year 1806, locating in the neighborhood of the town, then in Fair- field, but now in Franklin county, known as Canal Win- chester; the word “canal” being added to the name of this place many years subsequent to its foundation, to distinguish it from another Winchester in Guernsey county, Ohio. The father of Samuel Rogers had died, and he ac- companied his mother, who had married again, and his step-father, among the Virginia emigrants, to Ohio, and, . although then but eight years of age, endured his full share of the severe trials of pioneer life. The energy, intelligence, and skill with which he performed the duties of his first employment—a hired hand upon a farm—se- cured for him, a few years later, the friendly interest of William and Christian King, then leading merchants of Lancaster, Ohio. His father, not needing his services himself, hired him to a neighboring farmer when he was, probably, about ten years of age, by whom he was set to hauling logs for firewood, from the forest, with a team; having no assist- ance in the work, but required, by his own skill, to load the logs upon a sled, upon which they were drawn to the wood-pile. While engaged in this occupation, one of the Kings, in passing along the road, was attracted by the success with which a task so difficult and unusual for so young a lad, was performed; and, stopping to speak to him, was so much pleased with his intelligent deportment, that he became at once very much interested in him, and during this or some subsequent interview, asked him if he would not like to be a store-keeper—a question which he promptly answered in the affirmative. In 1810, when about twelve years of age, he entered the store of a Mr. Crockett, of Lancaster. How lony he remained there is not definitely known, or what ayency, if any, Mr. King had in securing him the situation. With- in a few years afterward, however, and while he was still a mere lad, he was taken into the employment of the firm of King & Bro. Here he devoted himself closely and faithfully to the discharge of his duties, gaining the entire confidence of his employers immediately. The following incident will show the extent of responsi- bility, remarkable for one so young, with which he was unhesitatingly trusted, and will also illustrate the sayacity, and the energy and decision of character he already evinced : In the early history of Ohio, commerce yet retained a great deal of its primitive character. Merchants were, to a considerable extent, compelled to barter their goods for the products of the country, instead of selling them for ready money. In the usual course of business the wheat received in exchange for goods was ground into flour at the country mills, and then shipped on flat-boats to New Orleans to be marketed. In the spring of 1817, the firm of King & Bro. had accumulated a quantity of flour which they proposed to send to market in this way, transporting it on wagons from Lancaster to Circleville, where flat-boats were constructed to carry it to New Or- leans. Before the preparations for shipping the flour were completed, the supercargo was disabled, by an acci- dent, and it became necessary to select one to take his place. The Kings offered the responsible position to their young clerk, who, with promptness, accepted the trust. He made the long voyage successfully, arriving at New Orleans to find the yellow fever raging there. The panic-stricken population had almost entirely abandoned the city; business was utterly prostrated, and there was no market for the flour. No magnetic telegraph or rail- roads then existed, and communication by mail was slow and uncertain. It was impossible to delay action until the owners of the flour could be heard from. Some of the hands who had accompanied Mr. Rogers were at- tacked by the fever, and others deserted him. The emergency was one which called for prompt and decisive action, in-order to prevent a ruinous, if not a complete loss; and having learned, through a commission house in New Orleans, that our commanded a good price in Eng- land, he at once resolved to ship his cargo to Liverpool, and to make the voyage himself, keeping charge of the property committed to his personal care. He chartered a vessel, accordingly, and ordered the flour to be put on board, but was stricken down by the prevailing disease, while superintending the work. He did not, however, abandon the voyage, but notified the captain that he would come on board as soon as the vessel was ready to The captain was not willing to permit him to do so, and sent him word to that effect. Upon receipt of this reply, learning that the vessel was loaded, although greatly prostrated by the fever, Mr. Rogers hired some colored men to carry him on board the vessel, on a blanket, which they did, and dropped him on the upper deck. He then said to the captain, in his characteristic quiet, but determined way, “Sir, I want you to sail at once for Liverpool, in accordance with the terms of the charter- party which I hold. If you do not comply I will dis- charge you, and hire a captain and crew who will do so; for the purpose of this voyage I own this vessel.” The captain, overawed by the firm bearing and decided lan- guage of the young supercargo, hastened to obey his or- ders, expecting nothing else, however, than that he would sall. . shortly have to throw his dead body overboard. The captain and crew kept aloff while the vessel was passing down the Mississippi to the gulf, rendering him no assistance, except to hand him, every morning, on the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 245 end of a knife, a dose of calomel, and push a pitcher of lemonade within his reach. Upon entering the gulf, finding him still alive, the captain subjected him to the following heroic treatment: Passing a rope from a yard- arm of the ship under his arms, he caused him to be drawn up until his body was erect, and then had the sea- men pour buckets of water over his head until he fainted. He was then laid down on the deck of the vessel, where he slept long and soundly, and when he awoke the fever had left him. He now rapidly recovered his health, and in due time arrived at Liverpool, with his cargo of flour, which he disposed of at a price which made a handsome profit for his principals. The fact that an American merchant was in Liverpool, from the distant wilderness of Ohio, at a time when less was known of the geography of our western frontier, by even the most intelligent Europeans, than is now known of the interior of Africa, or the jungles of India, excited great interest in that city, and the mayor paid him the high compliment of inviting him to dine with the leading merchants of Liverpool, a circumstance which speaks well for the impression which he must have made by his personal bearing and intelligence, upon the business men of that great emporium. It will be remembered that he was then only nineteen years of age. Unfortunately, the sale of his cargo upon profitable terms did not end the difficulties which attended his venture. Upon applying to his consignees for the money due upon the balance of account, he was informed, to his astonishment, that the entire proceeds had been drawn for, by his commission merchant, at New Orleans, his signature having been ob- tained, under some pretence, during his illness, leaving him without even the means for returning home. He determined at once to return to New Orleans to recover the money, if possible; and the merchants to whom he had sold the flour, had formed so favorable an opinion of him that they voluntarily loaned him three hundred dol- lars for his traveling expenses. Fortunately, the captain of the vessel, in which he had gone to England, was just ready to sail for New Orleans, and Mr. Rogers embarked with him. The captain had formed a warm friendship for him, which was destined to be of great service to him in this emergency. He received, upon arrival in New Orleans, nothing but evasive replies from the commission merchant, whose shameless dishonesty had given so un- expected a turn to his venture; and it seemed probable that a settlement could be effected only by a protracted litigation. His friend, Captain McGregor, a bluff and resolute Scotchman, took a very earnest interest in the result, and determined to render all the assistance in his power in bringing the matter to an immediate close, by some satisfactory adjustment. He was an older man, and although, perhaps, of no more bold and decided character or capacity to meet difficulties than his young friend, was a man of wider experience in life. He ac- companied Mr. Rogers to the hotel where the commis- sion merchant was living, and finding him in his room, locked the door, putting the key in his pocket, and point- ing a loaded pistol at the scoundrel, said to him, “Sir, you understand what we are here for.” Refusal to com- ply was evidently dangerous, and payment of the amount of the claim was promptly offered, by a draft on New York. The draft was, conditionally, accepted, and learn- ing by enquiry of bankers in New Orleans that the draft was considered good by them, Mr. Rogers sailed for New York to collect it. Upon his arrival the draft was duly honored, and he set out upon the journey homeward, having purchased a horse to carry him back to Ohio. Meanwhile, the Kings had heard nothing of his bold undertaking. Owing to the fact that he was prostrated by yellow fever, while preparing to embark for Liverpool, he had been unable to write before leaving New Orleans. Persons who had been with him at New Orleans, reported that he had been attacked by the fever, and that both he and the flour had disappeared, and, receiving this report, the Kings did not doubt but that he was dead and the flour lost. It happened that about the time Mr. Rogers was leaving the east for Ohio, Christian King set out from Lancaster for Philadelphia, also on horseback, to pur- chase a stock of goods for his store. Although a very intelligent man, Christian King had been reared in the prevailing superstition of the Pennsylvania Germans in those days—a belief in ghosts. When, therefore, one day, as he was riding along the lonely road across the Alleghenies, late in the evening, he met his young clerk, riding towards him on horseback, he did not for a mo- ment doubt that he saw an apparition. His further astonishment, when he heard the familiar voice in which he was addressed, can be imagined. Con- vinced of his mistake, and becoming satisfied that the man he saw was actually in the flesh, he dismounted, embracd him with wild delight, covering him with kisses, in the good old German fashion, and almost crushing him in his brawny arms, being a man of large frame and great phys- ical strength. The story of the shipment of the flour to Liverpool, its sale, the attempted swindle at New Orleans, and the ultimate and fortunate outcome of the operation, the proceeds of which Mr. Rogers had with him, was soon told, and he accompanied his grateful employer back to Philadelphia, where the latter introduced him to his mer- cantile acquaintances, recounting, with great satisfaction, his adventure, and where, with this unexpected increase of means (some four thousand dollars—a sum of much more importance at that day than at the present time), a large stock of goods was purchased. The first exclamation of Christian King, as he listened to the narration of this adventure, was: “Sammy, by the heavenly God, I will set you up in business!” He was as good as his word, and, upon their return to Lancaster, Samuel Rogers, though not yet of age, was admitted as a -member of the firm he had served so faithfully. He remained for some years at Lancaster, a partner of the Kings, when he resolved to enter into business on his own account, elsewhere. For the purpose of obtaining information which would enable him to select a desirable business location, he made an extensive tour through the west,. proceeding to Cincinnati, by way of Circleville and Wilmington, and thence to St. Louis, by way of Lawrence- burg, Evansville, and other towns. During his trip which was made throughout the entire distance on horseback, 246 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. he saw much of what was then our extreme western fron- tier, and made many observations which were of great value to him in his subsequent business career. Upon his return, he determined to locate at Circleville, regarding the place as one of the most desirable business points he had seen. ‘This choice was influenced by the fact that the Ohio canal was about to be constructed, a circumstance which he saw would give him a profitable trade at this point, with those employed in the construc- tion of the work, and foreseeing that after that great in- ternal improvement was completed, Circleville would con- tinue to be an excellent point for mercantile business. The fact of its proximity to Lancaster, where his business standing and credit, the friendship of the Kings, and other acquaintances, would be a continued support, was also an important consideration. The permanent pros- perity of the place, its present wealth, and the fact that he was there able to accumulate a large fortune, by straightforward application and industry, is sufficient proof of the sagacity displayed in this selection of a business location. Having removed to Circleville, he was, on the fourth of April, 1826, united in marriage to Miss Juliet M. Hol- lister, of Chillicothe, Ohio, by the Rev. Mr. Claybaugh, of that place. His wife was a lady of unusual intelli- gence, and possessed of many amiable traits of character and womanly virtues. Her christian character is spoken of as having been one of singular beauty and consistency, and the proofs abound that the sincerity of her profession was practically and thoroughly manifested in her life by deeds of charity and a tender sympathy for all in her neighborhood who were suffering from sickness, sorrow, or any other adversity. Her comparatively early death was sincerely mourned by the entire community, and her memory is warmly cherished by all who knew her. The subsequent incidents in Mr. Rogers’ life are chiefly those common to the careers of enterprsing and pros- perous merchants in western towns. He soon became, and was, for many years, one of the wealthiest citizens of Circleville, and, incidentally and directly, did much to promote the prosperity of the town and county in which he resided. At an early day he engaged in the business of shipping grain and packing pork. ‘The firm of Rogers & Gregg was established, at Circleville, immediately upon his removal from Lancaster, Mr. Noah H. Gregg, his part- ner, having also resided at Lancaster. The partnership lasted four years, when Mr. Gregg sold out to Mr. Rog- ers, William Martin was subsequently, and for many years, until his removal to Decatur, Illinois, in partner- ship with Mr. Rogers at Circleville, and in New Orleans, where he established a commission and forwarding house, which did a very extensive business with shippers in the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and their trib- utaries. James H. Finley, now of Chicago, Samuel H. Ruggles, R. D. Atwater, and others, were also, at later periods of his life, connected with him in business, Mr. Rogers was one of the first stockholders and direc- tors of the old Circleville bank, and subsequently sus- tained the same relations to the Pickaway County and Exchange banks and the First and Second National banks, peforming his duties as a bank director with the same fidelity and diligence with which he discharged every trust imposed upon him. He constantly kept in mind the fiduciary character of the position, and always remembered that he was the guardian, not only of his own interests, but of those of all the stockholders of the institution. He was not exempt from misfortune. After a long and prosperous business career, in consequence of endorse- ments in transactions for the benefit of others, he was overtaken by reverses, such as, unfortunately, befall the great majority of all who engage in mercantile pursuits. In these trying emergencies, his conduct was worthy of his character, and of his honorable name. He at once surrendered, for the benefit of his creditors, all of his ac- cumulated fortune, the result of so many years of labori- ous enterprise, without any reservation whatever, beyond the small exemption allowed by the strictest construction of the law, and his great misfortune was sustained with fortitude and a remarkable cheerfulness, such as could only result from conscious integrity. A marked trait in the character of Samuel Rogers, which is deserving of special notice, is that kindness of heart, which induced him to adopt the practice, early in his business career, of assisting young men, with whom she became acquainted, to begin business, by means of money and such recommendations as secured them the credit needed in making a start in business. He adhered to this custom until the financial embarrassments, which came upon him near the close of his life, put it out of his power any longer to do good in that way. There are still living many of those who experienced the benefit of his unselfish and generous aid, in beginning business for themselves. One of the first obstacles with which persons are apt to meet in making inquiries into the family history of the self-made men who have been, and are still, so numerous in America, is the difficulty of obtaining genealogical in- formation. It is not an infrequent occurrence for men who have attained eminence as business men or states- men, to be unable to tell the precise time of their birth. In such cases, too, knowledge of ancestry 1s also gener- ally wanting. These considerations must account for the absence of such facts from this sketch. Thrown upon the world when a mere child, the first lesson which Samuel Rogers learned, was that of self- reliance. In those days, industrious habits were highly valued, and at a very early age children were called upon to share in the labors of their elders, to an extent now rarely known. Owing to this condition of the society in which he was reared, the subject of this sketch had, in his youthful days, but few educational advantages ; yet he, nevertheless, through his own exertions, became a man of very thorough mental culture. When a mere boy, Samuel Rogers attended a country school, in Virginia, for three months, during which time he learned to read. Small as was his stock of school Icarning, it served as a key to unlock for him very ex- tensive stores of knowledge. When he was only twelve years of age, he took his place behind a counter; his cir- ee tL g ope ae J / 2 / at HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. cumstances being such that he was obliged to educate himself during the leisure moments he could snatch from the strict demands of his daily business. He acquired a handwriting of that fine old style known as record hand. Specimens of his writing, in books of account, and in letters, seen by the writer of this sketch, have almost the accuracy and beauty of engraving. At an early age, he became, also, a thorough arithmetician, and an accom- plished and scientific book-keeper. He did not, how- ever, limit himself to the acquisition of such knowledge, merely, as his occupation as a merchant demanded. He had a taste for books, and, in the course of time, made himself familiar with many of the best classical writers in English and German. He studied the history of our mother country in the pages of Hume, and upon the shelves of his quite extensive private library, he accumu- lated a valuable collection of standard authors, as the re- sult of his longing to gratify a cultivated taste for litera- ture. He was a systematic reader of the best periodicals and public journals of the country; was a subscriber for De Bow’s Southern Review, and Hunt’s Merchant’s Mag- azine, from the beginning of these publications, and also, for many years, of the Eclectic Magazine, and thus, by means of a memory unusually retentive, he acquired a stock of knowledge in regard to topics of financial, com- mercial, and general interest, which rendered him a very interesting and instructive companion for such persons of culture as his extensive business transactions brought him in contact with, and it was only his singular modesty which kept his acquirements in this respect from being more widely known. Only his most intimate friends were privileged to know the full wealth of his mind. His conversational powers were of a high order. He was always listened to with interest, and what he said instructed as well as pleased. In his youth, he was carefully instructed in the princi- ples of christianity, as taught in the Lutheran church, and was confirmed in that church in boyhood. Upon remov- ing to Circleville, he became a member of the congrega- tion of St. Philip’s church. He was, from time to time, a member of the vestry, and frequently took an active part in the management of the parish. The very modesty and purity of his character seem to have caused him to be reserved in the matter of participating actively in the spiritual work of the church, although he was always a regular attendant upon the services, and devoutly engaged in the worship of the congregation. He often expressed his admiration of the beautiful liturgy of the Episcopal church, and of its wise and thorough adaptation to all the requirements of religious worship. In the spring of 1868 he removed to Chicago, to make his home with his son, William K. Rogers. He suffered, however, a sudden attack of sickness, in the summer fol- lowing, and died on the thirtieth of July, of that year. In his domestic life, Samuel Rogers displayed the best qualities of a husband, and a father. His affectionate, devoted and noble traits of character in these relations were conspicuous. The remembrance of his tender de- votion to the members of his family, often inexpressibly touching to those who witnessed it, deserves to be cher- 247 ished in the hearts of his friends, but properly forms no part of this public memorial. He was, by nature, a gentleman in the best sense of the word. The grace and dignity of his manners resulted from an inborn grace of character, and the earnest desire, by which he was always animated, to deal justly, honest- ly, generously, and kindly, with his fellow-men. The memory of such a life should not quickly perish from among men, and this brief record is made by one who knew him well during the latter portion of his life, with the hope of perpetuating some of its well-known in- cidents. It is a story which belongs to the early history of our country; one which the altered circumstances of later times, changed as our social condition is in every material respect, will render less and less familiar—the story of the persevering toil and sterling merit by which one born to no advantages; without the aid and benefit of education at school; self-taught with respect to even the simplest rudiments of learning; with no resources, save his own innate force of character; no assistance, be- yond that which his native worth secured, and for which he rendered always a full equivalent, advanced steadily and surely, step by step, through a long, honorable and useful career, to all the substantial attainments that are of essential value in human life; leaving to his children the priceless heritage of his good name, and for all, to whom the memory of his life is, for any reason, of inter- est, an example worthy of regard. SAMUEL H. RUGGLES, of Circleville, Ohio, was born at Brownville, Jefferson county, New York, June 8, 1821. His father, Samuel, and his mother, Anna H. Ruggles, were natives of Bos- ton, Massachusetts. In early and middle life, his father was largely engaged in foreign commerce, but in the war of 1812 he suffered severe losses by the capture of his vessels by the public enemy; and, soon after the close of that war, he removed to the northern part of the State of New York, where he engaged, in a reduced manner, in agricultural and mercantile pursuits, and died at Low- ville, New York, in 1834, leaving his widow with a family of five children to support and educate, with very limited means. Mrs. Ruggles was, however, a woman of much force of character, and displayed her good judgment by maintaining her son, our subject, at the Lowville academy until he had obtained a good English education. ‘Then, and after her husband’s death, she resolved to have that son seek, in this then comparatively new State, his for- tune. In 1835, with his uncle, General H. Lawrence, she therefore sent him to Circleville, Ohio, where he was engaged as a junior clerk in the mercantile house of Rogers & Martin, with no promise of compensation beyond his living. Having, as the time went by, the natural longing of a lad who never before had been away from it, to return to his mother’s home, he asked her consent to his doing so; but this she resolutely refused, and it is to this refusal (“the greatest trial of her life,” as she subsequently characterized it on her death-bed), 248 @ HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. that our subject attributes the beginning of his success in life; for, at the end of two years’ faithful service in his business, his employers placed one hundred dollars to his credit, promised him promotion, as he deserved it, and one hundred and fifty dollars for the third year, with his board, lodging, etc. Then it was that his ambition to excel was stirred, and he resolved to accumulate, by saving at least two-thirds of his salary, and by invest- ment, carefully directed, have his little surplus fund afford him some revenue. ‘The result exceeded his ex- pectations. ‘The firm noticed his attention to business, and earnest effort to accumulate by the saving .of his salary, and the means he took to increase it; and, after serving them eight years in all, they took him into partnership, with one-fourth interest in their wholesale grocery, grain, and pork-packing establishment, and in 1845, following the engagement ‘of the firm in the com- mission business in New Orleans, with an increased interest in it, he was placed at the head of the house in Circleville, and in a few years afterwards, purchased the entire interest of his partners there. After 1852, retiring from the grocery and grain branches of his business, he devoted his attention almost exclusively to pork-packing until 1863, when, in the interest of his children, he began investing in farms and farm land lying in the vicinity, but remaining engaged in the pork trade, and so con- tinuing during the subsequent fifteen years. While not refusing minor civil and local office, Mr. Ruggles has invariably declined that which would interfere with his regular business. Having shunned all speculative oper- ations, indorsing the ventures of others, investments in fancy stocks, and joint stock companies, as, to use his own expression in speaking of these things, he would have shunned rattlesnakes, he has never sustained any of those losses which usually result from such engagements. When Fort Sumter became the initial target for the guns of rebellion against constituted authority, he was among the first to assist in the fitting out of a company; and before the Federal armies had gained a single vic- tory, he invested largely in government bonds. Subse- quently he assisted in the organization of the First and Second National banks of Circleville, in 1863, and was at once elected a director, and subsequently continued to be re-elected annually to such office. In 1859 Mr. Ruggles married Miss Catharine, daugh- ter of the late Ralph Osborn, of Columbus, Ohio, a pioneer of distinction, and four children, Samuel Turney, Lizzie J., Nelson J., and Fannie M. Ruggles, have been the issue of this union. Though not a member of any church organization, Mr. Ruggles habitually contributes to religious and charitable objects, and also earestly interests’ himself in every public enterprise that promises to benefit the com- munity in which he resides. A. C. BELL. THE The founder of this family, James Dcll, with his wife and children, emigrated from Ireland to Pennsylvania, about 1807, where they remained until 1818 or ‘19, when they moved to Circleville, Ohio, where both James Bell and his wife died, a few years after their arrival. Their children were: William, Nancy, Janc, Margaret, Thomas. Mary Ann, James, and Elizabeth. William Bell was born in Ireland, August 13, 1802, and when about five years of age came with his father and mother to this country. He was married November 29, 1825, to Catharine Caldwell, daughter of Alexander Cald- well, who settled in Pickaway county, about 1800. MRS. MINERVA R. BELL. BELL FAMILY, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Bell had eight children, seven of whom lived to maturity. They were: James, Jane, Alex- ander, Ruth, Thomas, Margaret, and Carolina Samantha. They lived one year on a farm now owned by Mr. Groce, in Walnut township, where their eldest child was born. They then moved to the Columbus pike, in the south part of Walnut township, where the remainder of thcir _ children were born, and where Mr. Bell died, April 30, 1851. Mrs, Bell remained in her own home until 1875, when she went to live with her son, A. C. Bell, in the north part of Circleville township. seven years of age. She is now seventy- of a, lg HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. A. C. Bell was born in Walnut township, Pickaway county, August 22, 1830, He was married, October 25, 1855, to Minerva Reber, daughter of Thomas N. Reber, of Wyandot county, Ohio. She was born in Fairfield county, March 5, 1834. They commenced housekeeping on what is now known as the James Corder farm, where they lived until the fall of 1861, when they moved to his present residence, on the north line of Circleville town- ship. Mrs. Minerva Bell died October 15, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Bell had nine children, as follows: Thomas R., Lucy K., Clara J., Charles, Flora, Rachel, Lyman A., Meta Minerva and Amasa, all of whom are living, and all but the two eldest remain at home. The two eldest live on a farm known as the Isaac W. Stage property. After the death of his wife, Mrs. Minerva Bell, his came to live with him, where she still remains. She was 249 mother born in 1802, in Jackson township, and was early taught to use the loom and weave the cloth used for cloth- ing in those early days. Always fearless, she has often forded the Scioto river on horseback, and in a light boat. Her father lived on the bank of the river, near a ford called by his name, and where he kept a flat-boat for use in ferrying passengers across the river. She has often assisted in this duty. She. now recalls the time, when, mounted on her horse, with her child in her arms, she swam the Scioto in flood time. Now, in the seventy-seventh year of her age, she has as distinct a recollection of the events of her early life, as she does of those that occurred at a recent date. A representation of the home of A. C. Bell, with por- traits of himself and wife, appear in connection with this sketch. SALT CREEK,’ Town number eleven, in range number twenty (Salt Creek), lies east of the township of Pickaway, and is bounded on the north by Fairfield county, on the east by Hocking county, and on the south by Ross county. It is one of the best improved townships in Pickaway coun- ty, and its appearance evinces the industry, thrift and in- creasing wealth of the inhabitants. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of the township is generally quite rolling, and presents a picturesque appearance. In the eastern part it is somewhat broken and hilly, while in the south- ern, where there is more or less prairie, the surface is comparatively level. The soil is fertile and is well adapted to the growth of wheat, corn, oats, clover and grass. Along Salt creek, and in the prairie portions of the township, are excellent corn lands, while the higher soil, which is underlaid with clay and slate, is more adapted to the growth of the small grains and grass. The principal native varieties of timber were the oak, of several kinds, hickory, walnut, mulberry, cherry, buck- eye, paw-paw andelm. In this connection we may men- tion that on the farm of John F. Mowery, in front of his house, is an elm, which, for size and beauty, is not to be surpassed by any other tree in the county. The trunk measures, above the swell of the roots, sixteen feet in cir- cumference, and the branches, from one side to the other, one hundred and twenty-five feet. * Wor the facts of the early history of this township the writer is mainly indebted to Samuel Lutz. F 32 In the extreme northeast corner of section twenty-one, on the farm of John Karschner, is a stately elm which marks almost the exact center of the township, and which Mr: Lutz says he has often used as a starting point in his surveying operations. It was but a mere sapling when he first saw it. The principal stream is Salt creek, which runs through, and gives name to, the township. It rises in Fairfield county, enters the township in section three, and, flowing southeasterly, leaves the township in the southeast cor- ner, gathering up several tributaries in its course, the largest of which is Laurel creek, which is mostly in Hock- ing county. Moccason creek heads in Fairfield county, flows south near the east line of the township until reach- ing section twenty-four, where it runs into Hocking coun- ty, and finally empties into the Laurel. Plum run and Pike Hale run are the most important western branches of Salt creek, and have a southeasterly course. Scippo creek, a branch of the Scioto river, flows through the west part of section six and a part of seven, in the north- west part of the township. GAME, Deer,, wild turkeys and smaller game were very numer- ous in the early settlement of the township. The killing of a deer was an ordinary occurrence with any man who could handle a gun at all; and as for turkeys, several of them would often be bagged by a single shot. Wolves were plenty, troublesome and annoying, killing the sheep of the pioneers who were fortunate enough to have any, and rendering night hideous with their almost constant 250 howls around their lonely dwellings. The township was not much inhabited by bear, although they frequently came in from the hills east of it, and several were killed by the hunters of Salt Creek. The last bear killed in Pickaway county was discovered by William Drum and George Morgan, on the farm of Drum’s father, and fol- lowed by them into Washington township. Pursued closely by men and dogs, the animal ran up a white-oak tree, on the farm now owned by George W. Stout. Among those who joined in the chase were Jonathan Dreisbach and John Reichelderfer, who had their guns with them, and who were both pretty good shots. Both were ambitious of the honor of killing the animal, and, in order to gratify them, it was decided by Drum and Morgan, masters of ceremonies, to let them shoot simul- taneously. The bear was killed instantly. He lodged in the fork of the tree, which had to be cut down in order to get him. The animal was a very large specimen, and his hide was sold for the sum of eighteen dollars. This was in June, 1840. SETTLEMENT. Prior to the actual settlement of the township, most of the sections along Salt creek were occupied by ‘“squat- ters,” who began to come in about the year 1797 or 1798. Some of them had made extensive clearings, and a few, after the land came into market, purchased farms and settled upon them. One of these was Alexander Berry, who bought one hundred and twenty-seven acres in sec- tion number twenty. Afterwards he entered the south- west quarter of section fifteen, where he remained until 1820, when he sold to Jacob Markel and removed to Marion county. Another squatter was John May, who lived on land in section twenty-six. Conrad Kline was one of the earliest squatters, first locating on Plum run. He afterward entered a quarter section on Moccason creek, in section one, and lived there until his death. He was a soldier of the Revolu- tion. Matthias Hedges moved in at a very early date, proba- bly before 1800. He located in section twenty-five, where he lived until 1803, moving then to Fairfield county, where he died. An early squatter on the place now owned by Samuel Strous was Andrew Bussard. He dicd at the home of his son-in-law, Henry Reichelderfer, at the advanced age of ninety-nine years and nine months. Christopher (or Christian) Myers and family moved in from Pennsylvania as early as 1800. His log cabin stood on the brow of the hill just west of Mr. Ballard’s resi- dence, in Tarlton, and was the first building in that por- tion of the township. Myers subsequently moved about a mile southwest of Tarlton, where he resided until his death. Jacob Saylor, sr, about the same time, settled on Scippo creek, in section six, and George Pontious, a son- in-law of Myers, on section four, a mile west of the present village of Tarlton. He was twice marricd and had three J children. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. The first man who entered land in Salt Creek town- ship was John Shoemaker. He came from Berks county, Pennsylvania, in the spring of 1801, and at the sale of government land in May, of that year, made an entry of land, after which he returned to Pennsylvania. The first patent was issued to him. The old document is now in the possession of Samuel Lutz, who owns a part of the land for which the patent was given. It bears date April 20, 1802, and is signed by Thomas Jefferson, president of the United States, and James Madison, secretary of State. Shoemaker subsequently entered a large amount of land in Pickaway and Fairfield counties. He did not visit Ohio again, after his return to Pennsylvania, until 1806, when he moved out with his family. The brothers, Jacob and John Lutz, with their families and their mother, Elizabeth, came from Northumberland (now Union) county, Pennsylvania, in 1802. They made the journey in two canvas-covered wagons, each drawn by a four-horse team, and arrived in Salt Creek on the fifteenth day of October. Jacob Lutz purchased of John Shoemaker, in section twenty-six, four hundred and sixteen acres, paying therefor six dollars per acre. From sixty to seventy acres had been cleared in different por- tions of the purchase, and there were upon it two cabins, occupied by the squatters, Berry and May. Mr. Lutz and family took possession of the Berry cabin, where they spent the following winter. Subsequently he located on the site of the present residence of John Karschner, building a one and a half story hewed-log house. In 1811 he erected, in the same place, a frame house, which he occupied until his death, in 1824. Jacob Lutz was born in 1762, and married Elizabeth Demuth in 1788, who survived him many years. They had five sons—Samuel, Jacob D., John D., Joseph, and Peter—all now dead but Samuel, who, at the age of nearly ninety-one years, is as clear-headed and almost as smart, physically, as ever. The son Joseph was drowned in Salt creek, about the first of March, 1805, falling into the stream while crossing on a log on his return from school, just above the present cattle bridge, near Mr. Dunkel’s. His brothers, Jacob and John, were present, but were unable to render any assistance, the water being so turbulent. John Lutz settled on Moccason creek, in section thir- teen, moving into a cabin which had been previously occupied by Stephen Julian. He afterwards built a large frame dwelling on the same site, and also a large frame barn, but nothing of them now remains. He erected here, in 1804, the first saw-mill in the township. His death took place in 1833. In 1803 Abraham Monett came in and entered section number thirty-four, on which he resided until his death. William Stumpf came from Berks county, Pennsylvania, in the fall of 1801, and entered section number twenty- four. He returned to Pennsylvania, and remained until 1803, when he came out and made a settlement. He married Elizabeth Reichelderfer, in 1819, and located in the northwest part of section twenty-five, a portion of which he purchased of George Dunkel. He was largely engaged in the business of buying and selling cattle; driv- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 251 ing stock cattle over the mountains. Several of his chil- dren now reside in the township. The family of his son, Charles, occupies the old homestead. In the summer of 1803, George Dunkel and wife ar- rived from Berks county, Pennsylvania, and settled on section twenty-five, near the Hocking county line. In 1806, he sold a part of the section to William Stumpf. He and Stumpf afterwards built a saw-mill on Salt creek, a few rods above the bridge near Adelphi, and Dunkel moved there. He afterwards resided in Laurelville, and operated the mills there, which had been erected by Jacob Strous and Adam Defenbaugh, but finally returned to Salt creek, and occupied, until his death, the farm now occupied by his son, John. He was the father of ten children, six of whom are living. Kelson lives near Kingston, Ross county; Mary, wife of Solomon Riegel, of this township; Hannah, widow of J. Schlotman, also in this township; John, on the homestead; Susan, wife of John Horn, in Findlay, Ohio, and Abigail, wife of Con- rad Ett, in Walnut township. The son, George Dunkel, deceased, was for many years one of the enterprising and prominent men of the township. Jacob Shoemaker, in 1803, settled on section eighteen, the whole of which he owned. After the death of his first wife, he again married, and, subsequently, moved to Circleville. He was associate judge of Pickaway county for a number of years. The old homestead was the per- manent residence of his son, Charles Shoemaker, who died in 1878, Conrad Braucher entered section thirty-five, and settled upon it in 1805. He built a grist-mill in the west part of the section, the necessary power for which he obtained by digging a ditch from Bull run to Pike Hole run. Brancher died in 1822, and left, at his death, a large fam- ily surviving him. Christopher Holderman came from Chester county, Pennsylvania, with his family of wife and three daughters, in June, 1805. He bought and settled upon a farm of two hundred and four acres, in the north part, section thirty- four, called the “Monnett section.” In 1823, he moved to the place now occupied by his son, George Holderman. He died, February 22, 1838, aged nearly sixty-four, and his wife in 1856, aged seventy-six. They raised fourteen children-—seven boys and seven girls—and eight are now living. George Holderman, who occupies the homestead, was born December 20, 1812, and married Mary Jones, November 12, 1835. She is a daughter of Aaron Jones, and was born January 25, 1817. Mr. and Mrs. Holder- man have five children living and one deceased. John Shoemaker, previously mentioned, after his return to Berks county, married Elizabeth Huy, from near Read- ing, Pennsylvania, and moved out in 1806. He made his location in section three, half a mile south of Tarlton, his son, Joseph Shoemaker, now occupying a part of the farm. Afterwards, he bought the land on which Tarlton now stands, of Newell, after which he lived where Wiley’s hotel now stands. He was out for a brief period in the war of 1812, during which he was taken sick, and came home and died soon after. Mrs. Shoemaker subsequently became the wife of Dr. Otis Ballard, by whom she had two children. There were two sons and a daughter by the first marriage. The daughter married Dr. William B. Hawks, and resides in Columbus, and the sons, Joseph and Isaac, live at Tarlton. Samuel Lybrand moved in with his family soon after Mr. Shoemaker, and settled at Newellstown (now Tarl- ton). Two daughters of the family are now living in Tarlton. John Burns and family came from Kentucky to Ohio in 1797, and settled in Colerain township, Ross county. His son, Joseph Burns, and step-son, Samuel Fowler, had come out a year or so before. John Burns soon removed to Salt Creek township, Pickaway county, locating where Abram Heffner now lives, and died there in 1823. He had a family of ten children, of whom John Burns, now living in Salt Creek, at the age of eighty-seven or eighty- eight, is the sole survivor. The house of the family was once destroyed -by fire, burning up the family record, and his exact age cannot be known. He married Sarah Queen, who died in 1865. They had but one child— Margaret, wife of Jacob Heffner. Mr. Burns was a sol- dier in the war of 1812. Joseph Schoots, one of the earliest of the pioneers, set- tled on the northwest quarter of section thirty-three. He emigrated from Virginia and died on his original location, at an advanced age. He was a substantial and worthy citizen. Benjamin Kepner and Henry Mathias were among the earliest of the settlers on Scippo creek, They settled in section six. John Judy and family, of Berks county, Pennsylvania, settled in section twenty-eight, on what is known as the Rhodes farm, in the fall of 1805. While residing there three of the family died—the mother and two sons—and the remnant of the family moved to the southeast quar- ter of section twelve. The father died here, and his son, Peter, bought the place and occupied it until a few years since, when he sold the most of it to his son, J. B. Judy, retaining about thirty acres on the east end of the farm, where he recently died, aged eighty-four. He was the father of ten children, as follows, mentioned in the order of their birth: Caroline (widow of Jacob Wolf), lives in Fairfield county; Diana (Mrs. William H. Hart), lives in Hocking county; Elizabeth (Mrs. John Wann), in Salt Creek; Mary (afterwards Mrs. Cyrus W. Houston), is dead; John B. married Margaret Ann Gougar, and resides on the homestead; Henry and Catharine (Mrs. Henry Gear- hart), in Fairfield county; Sarah (unmarried), lives with her mother; Barbara (Mrs. Cornelius More), lives in Franklin county; and William, on the old homestead. John Reichelderfer and family, and his son John and family, came to Salt Creek from Berks county, Pennsyl- vania, in 1806. The two families moved into a cabin which stood where the brick residence of George S. Hos- ler stands. John, jr., and family shortly afterwards moved on to the farm now owned by Augustus Rose. The two oldest daughters of John Reichelderfer, sr., (Catharine and Barbara) were the wives respectively of Conrad Brancher and Jacob Spangler. The former came to Salt Creek with her husband in 1805, as before 252 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. mentioned, and the latter a year or two after the rest of the family, and settled with her husband on section num- ber nine. The other daughters, who married after they came here, were: Mary, wife of Jacob Strous; Elizabeth, wife of William Stumpf, and Susan, wife of Samuel Fet- erolph. Henry Reichelderfer married Nancy Bussard, and set- tled just north of his father’s location. Samuel G. Lutz married his daughter for his first wife. Christian Reich- elderfer married Rebecca Boucher and settled east of it. Jacob returned to Pennsylvania, a few years after his ar- rival here, and married Rebecca Leonard, when he came out with his wife to Salt Creek, and settled on the north- east quarter of section twenty-three. He resided there until his death, June 25, 1875. His wife died in 1856. They had five children, as follows: Sarah, now the widow of Samuel Reichelderfer; Elizabeth, wife of Jere- miah Strasser, of Berks county, Pennsylvania; Venus, who married Leannah Mowery, died September 19, 1856. His widow married again, and now lives in Allen county, this State. Henry died in 1854. Samuel Noble was an early settler, half a mile south of Tarlton. He was from Franklin county, Pennsyl- vania. He was an excellent citizen, and was an elder in the Presbyterian church of Tarlton. John Harmon and wife, from Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, settled two miles west of Tarlton, where Tra Moody now lives, in the year 1806. Mrs. Harmon died many years ago, but he lived until within a few days of ninety years of age, dying in December, 1875. They had seven children, all of whom were born in this town- ship. They were: David, John, Elizabeth, Susan, Leah, Samuel and Rachel. John, now nearly seventy-one years of age, is a resident of this township, as is also a sister, Mrs. Karshner. He married Rosanna Christy, and has two children. John Harmon, sr., was a blacksmith, and was a hard-working, industrious man. Henry Wissler* came from Lancaster county, Penn- sylvania, with his family, consisting of his wife and ten children, in August, 1806. He had purchased, pre- viously, over eleven hundred acres of land of John Shoe- maker, in the southwest part of the township, for which he paid five dollars per acre. He moved into a cabin which stood just across the road from where the resi- dence of Samuel Wissler now stands, and which was oc- cupied by a squatter family by the name of Sweigert. In a few months Mr, Wissler built a two-story log house on the location of the former shanty, and resided there until his death, about the year 1830. His wife died in 1811. One child was born to them after their settlement. To each of his eleven children he gave one hundred and five acres of land. There are eight surviving chil- dren. Henry lives in Iowa; George lives in Illinois; Bar- bara (now Mrs. Weldy) in Indiana; Samuel resides in this township, in section thirty-two—he married Marga- ret Bunn, and has five children, one being deceased; Ja- cob also lives in Salt Creek; Magdalene (now Mrs. Biech- ler) in Iowa; Mary (Mrs. Wolf) in Marion county; Mi- * Some of the descendants write it IH ‘Aésler. chael, who is deceased, married Rebecca Vangundy, and, after living in several places, settled where his son, Amos, now lives, and resided there until his death, June 30, 1865, aged seventy-five years. His wife preceded him a few years. They had a family of ten children, seven of whom are living. The same year Abram Dreisbach and family joined the settlement. He first located where Allen Drum now lives, then moved to Tarlton, or near it, where he resided five years, when they settled in Fairfield county. He finally returned to this township, however, and died here at the house of his son-in-law, Joseph Foust, about the year 1840. Two sons and two daughters are living. Henry Drum and family of wife and six children, from Berks county, Pennsylvania, settled in Salt Creek in 1806. He bought one hundred acres in section five, on which he erected his cabin. He subsequently entered the en- tire half of the section, and also lands in Fairfield county. He died in 1808, and was buried on his farm. His was among the earliest deaths in this portion of the township. His wife survived him a few years. Their son Henry, the eldest of the family, married Susannah Loughsbaugh, and settled in the same section where William Drum, his son, now lives. Near the place is a spring, which used to bea favorite resort of the Indians. A walnut tree, which stood there until a few years since, plainly showed that it had been used as a target by the Indians in their tomahawk and shooting practice. Henry Drum was the father of four children, one of whom is deceased. William, the youngest, when married, bought the farm of his father, who then moved into Fairfield county. He died at the residence of his son William, in the spring of 1861. He served in the war of 1812, being one of the forty-days men. His wife died in 1872. William Drum has a family of wife and four children, two boys and two girls: Josephus lives in Upper San- dusky; Mary Ann, wife of Captain Henry Hinson, of Circleville; Allen lives in this township; and Emma (Mrs: Walter Gray) resides in Washington township. Abraham Heffner moved into the township from Penn- sylvania, in the spring of 1807. The family lived during the ensuing summer in their covered wagon-box, a short distance north of the present residence of George Hal- derman. In this curious habitation the son, David, was born, November 3d, of the same year. Shortly after this event the family moved to that part of the township called Prairie View, where they settled on forty acres of land. The father died some twelve years since, in his ninetieth year, and the mother nearly four years before. They had eleven children. David Heffner, now residing in Washington township, married Lydia Bear, whose father, Peter Bear, was an early pioneer of Salt Creek. Nicholas Whitesel and family came to Ohio from Vir- ginia, in the year 1807, and after a short residence in Deer Creek, Fairfield county, located in the northeast corner of Salt Creek. He had a distillery on the Moc- cason in an early day. Considerable sickness prevailing in the family in this location, another was subsequently selected on higher ground. There were five children in the family, four of whom grew up—three sons and a ‘0°00 AVMYNDId ‘dL MFIND LIVS*YIISOH S$ ‘039 40 ZON3GISIy + SREY sees ER SF ae Sara ae HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 253 daughter. The sons, George, Phillip and Jacob were in the war of 1812. Jacob married, June 12, 1821, Eliza- beth Thomas, whose father, George Thomas, emigrated to Ohio from Pennsylvania, in the fall of 1817, settling in Salt Creek: Jacob Whitesel settled on the place now occupied by his son, Archibald, and continued to live there until his death, July 25, 1871. His widow still survives, and re- sides in Tarlton, aged about seventy-nine. Of their seven children, four are yet living, to wit: Mrs. William Dreisbach; Elizabeth, unmarried; Archibald, on the old homestead ; and Mrs. Israel Dunn, in Fairfield county: Abraham Heffner moved in about 1807 or 1808, and settled on the northeast quarter of section thirty-two. In 1808 David Foust settled where Adelphi now stands, and a few years after moved to Circleville. He built the old court house there. He finally returned to Salt Creek, and died here. .He was the father of ten children. His son, Joseph, now nearly eighty years of age, lives in this township. Jacob Foust came to Ohio in a very early day, as early as 1800, and lived in Salt Creek for a number of years, on section twenty-five, when he moved to Delaware county, seven miles above the village of Delaware. He finally settled near Cardington, Morrow (then Marion) county, where he died in 1842, his wife surviving him some three years. Andrew Foust, now living at Tarlton, was the youngest of eleven children. He came to Pickaway county and learned the carpenter’s trade, after which he married, in May, 1831, and settled on the line in Fairfield county, . near where John H. Zaring now lives, west of Tarlton. About twenty years ago he removed to this township, locating in Tarlton, where he has since resided. He was elected to the State legislature in 1844, as a Democratic representative from Fairfield county, and re-elected in 1845. In 1850 he was elected State senator, serving one term. During his residence in Fairfield he served as justice of the peace twenty-one years, and in this town- ship two terms. He is now seventy years of age. In 1811, Martin, John, George, Samuel, Benjamin,. Henry, Jonathan, and Jonas Dreisbach, brothers, came from Union county, Pennsylvania. The first three were married, and brought their families. Martin settled in Ross county, John in Pickaway township, and George in Salt Creek, on the banks of the Scippo. The other brothers married, and two—Samuel and Henry—settled in this county... George Dreisbach died on his original location in 1863. His son, William, occupies the old homestead, and is the only member of the family living in the State. Peter Spyker and family, a brother-in-law of the Dreis- bachs, came out with them in 1811. He settled on Salt creek, on the farm now owned by D. K. Wilson. Mrs. Darius Pierce, of Circleville, is the only member of the family now living. Jacob Sayler, son of Jacob Sayler previously men- tioned, came from Somerset county, Pennsylvania, during the war of 1812. He settled at Tarlton, on the same lot on which Christopher Myers had settled, and was one of the pioneer merchants of Tarlton. He was twice married, and became the father of sixteen children, of whom eight are yet living. Adam, the oldest son by ° the first wife, lives at Tarlton, and is the only member of the family living in the township. Jacob Sayler died in Vinton county, at the residence of his son Orlando, aged about ninety years. Godfrey Creamer and family emigrated from Wittem- berg, Germany, to the United States, in 1817. After living for three years on the High Banks, twelve miles below Chillicothe, Ohio, they came to Salt Creek. He changed his location several times, but finally purchased twenty acres and settled on Moccason creek, section eleven, having lived for nine years previous in Clear Creek township, Fairfield county. He resided on the Moccason thirteen years, when he sold out to his son, with whom he lived until his death, which occurred in May, 1860, in his eighty-third year. _ Godfrey Creamer was a soldier under Napoleon Bona- parte for seven years, and participated in twenty-seven battles, The family suffered many hardships after their arrival in this country, their goods being sold for their passage on their arrival, ‘There were eleven children, five of whom grew up and were married. Four are living —Joshua, the youngest, in this township. He mar- ried Amanda Whisler, June 4, 1844, and settled on Moccason creek, section eleven, where he lived for twenty years, when he moved to where he now lives, in section five. Andrew Delong came from Schuylkill county, Penn- sylvania, and arrived in Colerain township, Ross county, July 4, 1830, where his brother, Jacob Delong, then lived. The same fall he moved to Salt Creek and set- tled in section thirty-five, where his son, Isaac Delong, He died there in 1841, but his widow is still living in Colerain, having reached the age of ninety- five years on July 12, 1879. They had eleven children, six now living, namely, Mrs. Rebecca Roose (widow), in Tarlton; Isaac, who married, December 17, 1841, Cath- arine Haynes, of Salt Creek township, Hocking county, and has four children living and two dead; Mrs. Cath- arine Wiggins, in Colerain; Caroline, wife of Conrad Ready, in Lawrence, Kansas; Sarah, wife of Samuel Betzer, in Colerain; and Amelia, widow of Erastus Rey- nolds, in Hallsville, Colerain township. Mrs. Delong has in her possession a flint-lock double-barreled rifle, made in Berks county, Pennsylvania, in 1812. George Riegel, with his family, consisting of his wife and seven children, emigrated to Ohio from Berks county, Pennsylvania, in 1832. He remained in this township for about eight months, and then bought land and settled in Fairfield county. Solomon, the third son, and now among the older residents of the township, married Mary M. Dunkel, in October, 1834, and for a few years lived on a part of his father’s farm in Fairfield. He subsequently purchased a farm in Hancock county, and was engaged in farming, milling, and dealing in stock for nine or ten years. In 1859 he moved to Salt Creek, and located where his son, Solomon D., now lives. He resided there about fifteen years, when, after now lives. 254 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. a few months’ residence in Circleville, he took up his abode where ‘he now lives. Mr. Riegel has done much for the material improvement of the township, having built a large number of excellent dwellings and other buildings, and been instrumental in the construction of the pikes in this portion of the county. Peter Frederick, now living with his son William, in this township, was born August 6, 1801. His father, Jacob Frederick, was a pioncer of Greene township, Ross county, where he settled in 1804, removing from Buffalo Alley, Pennsylvania. Peter Frederick married, April 11, 1825, Catharine Zimmerman, who died September 1, » 1867. He has two children living and two dead. EARLY SCHOOLS. In regard to the early schools of Salt Creek, the writer has been unable to obtain exact information. A school- house, probably the first in the township, was built in 1803 or 1804, on the southwest quarter of section twenty- four. About the same time, in Tarlton, a rude log struct- ure was erected near the site of the present Methodist Episcopal church. ‘The first term of school in this house was kept by a man by the name of Mitchell. The first school in the southwest part of the township was kept in a log school-house, on the farm of Joseph Schoots, in section thirty-three. One of the early teachers there was Timothy Beach. CHURCH HISTORY. The first religious society organized in the township was probably the Baptist church, in the southwest part, formed as early as 1805. It was called Salt Creek Bap- tist church until 1812, when, the Lemuel church uniting with it, the name of Union was substituted. The meet- ings of the society were at first. held at the dwellings of the members, but a meeting-house was soon after built on section twenty-eight. It was constructed of hickory logs, and is now generally referred to as the “old hickory church.” The brick church at “prairie view” was erected in 1841 or 1842, at a cost of about two thousand dollars. Rey. Benjamin Case was the first pastor of the society, and is supposed to have organized it. A German Reformed church was organized at Tarlton about the year 1807, by the Rev. George Wise, of Lan- caster, Ohio. About the same time a German Lutheran society was formed, and the two socictics shortly after- wards united in the crection of a log meeting-house, which stood on the lot now occupied by the dwelling of Mrs, Whitesel. About 1830 they put up a log-and-frame building where the frame church of the German Lu- therans now stands, which was built by the latter society about 1860, the German Reformed society having pre- viously erected the brick church now owned by the Cum- berland Presbyterians. The German Reformed society continued to prosper until sundry innovations upon es- tablished usage were introduced into the church by the pastor, Rev. Samuel Jacobs, who finally joined the Cum- berland Presbyterians, taking most of his church with him. Litigation followed over the question of ownership of the church property, which resulted in favor of the new organization, and the remnant of the original society built a frame house in the southeast part of the village. ‘The building was recently sold at sheriff’s sale, to satisfy a claim which was contracted at the time of its erection, and the society has disbanded. The Cumberland Presbyterians maintain an organiza- tion, but have no service at the present time. The Old School Presbyterians had an organization at Tarlton at an early period of the settlement, which ex- isted for a number of years. Rev. Jacob Leist, a Lutheran clergyman, was one of the earliest of the pioneer preachers of this region. He came to Salt Creek in the early settlement of the town- ship, being then a young man. He began preaching soon after his arrival, and continued in the ministry for a great many years. He preached his first sermon here in the old log meeting-house at Tarlton. ‘The occasion brought out quite a large congregation, all anxious to see and hear the new preacher. When he entered the house his youthful appearance excited a good deal of surprise and some unfavorable comment among the audience. He proved, however, a valuable accession to the settle- ment, and, during the long period of his ministry, was highly esteemed for his moral worth. He married Eliza- beth, daughter of Judge Shoemaker, and fixed his resi- dence where the little hamlet of Leistville now stands, residing there until his death. JERUSALEM CHURCH, a German Reformed Lutheran society, was organized by Revs. Messrs. Wise and Leist, about the year 1820. A school-house then stood where the burying ground now is, in the northeast corner of section twenty-six, and in it the church held their services until 1831, when a brick house of worship was built. The present neat brick church was erected in 1877, and cost three thousand dollars. Rey. Henry King and Rev. Jacob Leist—the former a Reformed minister and the latter a Lutheran—preached for the church for upwards of twenty-five years. The present preachers are Austin Henry and David Wiseman. The Sabbath-school of this church is in a flourishing condition, having about one hundred scholars. William Markle is the superintendent. In 1819 or 1820, members of the German Reformed and Lutheran denominations residing in the western part of the township, built a log meeting-house, and held meetings there for a number of years, although no or- ganization was ever effected. A United Brethren so- ciety was subsequently formed there, and occupied the house for some years, when it disbanded, and the meet- ing-house finally burned down. THE DREISBACH UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH was organized at the house of George Dreisbach (where his son, William Dreisbach, now lives), about the year 1820. The members were George Dreisbach and wife, Henry Dreisbach and wife, John Dreisbach, Elizabeth Whetsel, and a few others, whose names are now for- gotten. ‘This appointment was, and is still, on the Pick- away circuit, which originally embraced some _ thirty appointments, but now has only four. The regular ‘ HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. services of the class were held at the dwelling of George Dreisbach, every other Sabbath, until 1835, when the present brick church was erected, which is locacated on ethe north line of the township. Revs. Louis Kramer, Jacob Antrim, John Russell, Joseph Hoffman, Jacob Daup, Benedum, and Henry Kumler, were among the early preachers on this circuit. The membership of the church is now about twenty, George W. Devers, of Tarlton, being the pastor. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT TARLTON. The first meetings of the Methodists in Salt Creek were held at a very early date, at the house of Abraham Monett. They kept up their meetings a number of years, and probably formed a glass. The date of the organization of the class at Tarlton cannot be stated, but it was in existence as early as 1825. The circuit was then Adelphi circuit, Chillicothe district. It embraced twenty appointments, in Pickaway, Vinton, Ross, Fairfield, and Hocking counties. In 1841 Tarlton circuit was formed, from Adelphi, with seven appoint- ments—Tarlton and Haller’s chapels being the only two in this county. In 1870 South Perry circuit was taken off from Tarlton, leaving the latter with the following appointments: Tarlton, Hopewell, Amanda, and Oak- land—the last three in Fairfield county. The church at Tarlton first held their meetings in a log school-house, which stood just south of where the present church building stands. It was built soon after the class was formed, and was used until 1340, when the present house was erected. The following is a list of the circuit preachers who have officiated at this point, in the order named, namely: On the Adelphi circuit—E. H. Field, George C. Crum, William Westlake, Philip Nation, John Stuart, John W. White, John Stuart, Wesley Roe, Benjamin Ellis, David Lewis, Benjamin Ellis, J. B. Austin, Charles C. Lybrand, Richard Daughty, James Parsons, and Richard Daughty. The first preacher, after the formation of the Tarlton circuit, was Daniel Poe. There are scveral curious cir- cumstances in his life worthy of mention. He was, in early life, a missionary among the Indians on the western frontier, and while there met the young lady (also engaged in mission work) who subsequently became his wife. Poe was a mian of stalwart frame, standing six feet and two inches in his stockings, and his wife was nearly his equal in stature. He was a twin child, and so was she, and, lastly, they died within fifteen minutes of each other, and both are buried in one grave. Poe was on the cir- cuit one year, when he went to Texas as a missionary, and died there two years afterwards. Mr. Poe was fol- lowed by Messrs. James Laws, Alexander Morrow, Joseph Morris, David H. Sargent, John M. Clark, Andrew Carrol, E. T. Webster, John W. Steele, McCutcheon, Gortner, Fink, Howard, Bennett, Anderson, Kirkman, G. G. West, L. Whitehead, John T. Miller, Isaac F. King, Benjamin Ellis, John T. Miller, Andrew Carrol, Benjamin Ellis, Thomas R. Taylor, W. C. Filler, B. Wolfe, Ross, Sibley, Weir, Ebright, Hall, Hanawalt, Thomas Hall, Pickets, McClintock, T. S. Thurston, 255 Isaac Mackey, and Mr. Berry, the present ministor. The presiding elders have been John Collins, Augus- tus Eddy, John Ferree, Joseph M. Trimble, David Whit- comb, Robert O. Spencer, John M. Clark, Jamison, Z. Connell, D. Mather, John W. White, B. Spahr, W. T. Harvey, and Thomas Hall. The church has, at present, a membership of about one hundred and twenty, and a Sunday-school of about one hundred and thirty, including officers and teachers. ENGLISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, at Tarlton, was formed by Rev. Nathan B. Little, in the year 1835, with about thirty members. The society occupied the Old School Presbyterian church building as a place of worship until 1841, when they erected a house of their own, at Tarlton, which they have since used. Rev. Mr. Little was the first pastor of the church, and has been succeeded, respectively, by Revs. Messrs. Bishop, Weddell, Kleim, Reck, Imhoff, Myers, Hill, Sprecher, Miller, Hower, and Hershiser, whose term of service has not at this writing expired. The church has a membership of about sixty, and a Sabbath-school with an attendance of about fifty. The officers are: William N. Julian and Joseph Hedges, trustees; Joseph Boyer and Joseph Hedges, elders; James Ballard and James H. Hedges, deacons; James H. Hedges, treasurer. THE UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH, at Tarlton, was organized’ in 1840, or about that time, by Revs. Lewis Ambrows and Joshua Montgomery, and consisted of eight members, as follows: John Boysel and wife, Jacob Larick and wife, Israel Zimmerman, Mahala Kinser, and two others, whose names cannot now be remembered. The building was erected two or three years after, and stands just north of the county line. Before the erection of the church, the society held its services at the house of Mr. Larick. The church was formerly quite prosperous, the membership numbering at one time seventy-three. There are now only about half a dozen members. Rev. George Devers is the pastor, and John Boysel is leader. THE OAK GROVE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH came into being in the year 1858, by a union of the Warren school-house class and that at Haller’s chapel. The church building was put up that summer, and dedi- cated the same fall by Rev. Mr. Felton. The church is, at present, without a regular pastor, but is supplied with preaching by the Methodist clergyman from Adelphi, Mrs. Nancy Steele is superintendent of the Sunday- school, which numbers fifty scholars. THE CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, at Prairie View, was organized by Rev. Archibald Brice, at the Oak Grove Methodist Episcopal church, in Feb- ruary, 1859, and consisted of ten or eleven members. Until the completion of their house of worship, in the fall of 1860, the services of the society were held in the frame school-house, which stood where the brick one now does, west of the Oak Grove church. The present pastor, Rev. Michael Dent, has officiated in that capacity since the church building was erected, though Mr. Brice has preached occasionally in the meantime. In 1877 a similar society was formed at Laurelville, in Hocking county, by the members of this church, resident in that vicinity, which diminished the church to about one-half its previous membership. The officers of the church are: William Frederick and Ovid Lutz, elders ; Lewis Lecher and Emory Anderson, deacons. A Sabbath-school has existed since the organization of the church, and the first few years was very flourishing. Thomas Harmon is the present superintendent. THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION, at Pleasant View, was formed by Rev. S. E. Rife, in Jan- uary, 1875, and consisted of about twenty members. The building was erected the following summer. Rev. Mr. Rife was the first pastor, simce whom Revs. Messrs. Hankey, Wingard, Ellenberger, Munn, Rineholt, and Evans have officiated. ‘The leaders are W. B. Miesse and James Wilkins; steward, Moses Imler; trustees, Imler, Wilkins, Friese, Heffner, and Meisse. There has been a Sabbath-school since the organization of the church, with the exception of the last winter. William White is the present superintendent. Tarlton lodge No. 218, I. O. O. F., was organized March 16, 1853. ‘The first officers were: J. W. Steele, N. G.; J. Metzler, V. G.; Sylvester V. Tiror, secretary; Archibald Lybrand, treasurer. The present officers are: Allen Dreisbach, N. G.; J. B. Judy, V. G.; 5. Defen- bach, secretary: John H. Zaring, treasurer. The first person buried in the Stumpf burying-ground was Jane Defenbaugh, who died in October, 1804. She and her mother came out from Pennsylvania soon after Adam Defenbaugh, a brother of Jane, settled at Laurel- ville. She sickened and died soon after her arrival. Her brother and Jacob Strouse cut down a cherry tree, and sawed out a few boards, with which Samuel Spangler made a rude coffin for the deceased girl. The ground for her burial was donated by George Dunkel. FIRST FRAME BUILDING. The first frame building erected in the township was the dwelling of John Shoemaker, in Tarlton, now stand- ing in the southwest part of the village, but originally near the location of the present residence of Mr. Bal- lard. The raising of the frame of the building was an event of such importance as to call out all the men for miles around. MILLS. The first. saw-mill in Salt Creck township was built by John Lutz, on Moccason creck, in section thirteen. The earlicst on Salt creek were those of Dunkel and Stumpf, near Adelphi, and the Reichelderfers’ (John and Christian), near the present residence of Mr. Hosler. The early settlers obtained their grinding at Crouse’s mill, in the vicinity of Chillicothe. The mill was a small affair, and considerable time would be consumed in mak- ing atrip to mil. Ata later date the settlers got their grist ground at Van Gundy’s mill, on the Kinnickkinnick. A grist-mill, in this township, was built by Jacob Strous, on Salt creek, in 1820, where the mill of David H. Strous HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. now stands. The original building now stands a few rods west of its former location, and is used by Mr. Strous as a general workshop. The present grist-mill was erected by Jacob Strous, in 1831. The saw-mill was built ing 1825, and the carding machine in 1844. These works are all run by water power. The following is contributed by William W. Julian, of Tarlton: In the year 1810 or 1811 Abraham Barnet erected a saw-mill on Salt creek, at Tarlton. ‘This saw-mill was of simple design, being driven by the common flutter wheel, and was thus run until about the year 18r5. The property was then purchased by George Wolf, who improved the mill by the addition of a tread-wheel, and the introduction of a shingle machine, capable of manufacturing five hundred shingles per hour. Mr. Wolf being a man of considerable enterprise, and having had some suc- cess, concluded to build a flouring mill, in addition to the saw-mill, and, in due time, the flouring mill was_puilt, and in running order. But now the enterprising pioneer discovered that the new addition necessitated additional propelling power, as the tread-wheel and water power, com- bined, was insufficient to run the works at all seasons of the year; and, to obviate this difficulty, resort was had to a very novel and hazardous experiment with steam power, which, in the end, proved disastrous. To carry out this new design, Wolf associated with him, in business, Timo- thy and Benjamin Beach, who were the principal designers of the steam works to be added. The preliminaries being settled, the steam works were at once built, but were soon to decay. An accurate description of the steam works cannot now be given, there being no person now living whose recollection is cle&&r enough to give the requisite facts concerning them ; nevertheless, from the best information now attainable, the steam design must have been about as follows: there being an over-shot wheel attached to the flouring mill, the design was to return the water from below the wheel to the forebay, in times of low water, by means of steam power; and, to accomplish this object, a stout box, or water receptacle, was placed low under the water-wheel. This box was divided into three parts or divisions; two of these separate parts had pistons working into them. Into the third division of the box was inserted the conductor, to convey the water to the forebay, above. This conductor was of peculiar construction, and made in the following manner: a sycamore log, of some twenty inches in diameter, and of proper length, was secured; a hole was bored through the center, the log then set on end, and fire set to burning, until the hole was enlarged to about eight inches diameter. This hollow log was then fitted into the third division of the water box (as above stated), which contained suitable valves for receiving and hold- ing the water. Steam was conducted from the boiler into the first two divisions of the box having the piston heads. Arrangements had been made to shift the steam, so that, when one piston was forced down, the other would rise and fill with water from below —the downward piston forcing the water up the hollow log, and soon. All things being now ready, steam was turned on, but, to the surprise of the projectors, no water appeared above. The disappointment did not discourage these enterprising spimts, who persevered until the temperature of the steam receptacles was raised so as not to condense the steam suddenly ; after which they had the gratification of seeing a small amount of water flow into the forebay from the hollow log. The proprietors now, for the first time, clearly discovered their mistake, and the steam enterprise was abandoned. ‘These attempts at steam power, in all probability, were made during the year 1830-31. From this date to 1865, this property passed through several hands, in the following order: George Wilbern, Jacob Laric, William Brown, Samuel Bitler, Kilion H. Dunkel, and Albert Wolf, who, in the year 1865, placed the engine which is now in the mill, and is still in good running order. Wolf conveyed the prop- erty to John Boysel, Boysel to William Dreisbach & Co., Dreisbach to present owners, Buechler & Kramer. The Tarlton steam saw-mill was built in the year 1849, by a joint- stock company. The original design was what is known as a muley mill, This mill has passed through many hands, and many changes have been made. The mill is now what is known as a stationary circu- lar mill. ‘The original engine, which was built by Gilbert Deval, of Lancaster, Ohio, is still in the mill, and in good order. POST-OFFICE, The first post-office in the township was established at ‘Tarlton, some time prior to the war of 1812. The post- master was Samuel Lybrand, who kept the office in his ee ve . 4 He fe Pe ge Hott! Sete “as ? wees 7 . : i i ae ee ney ET Ny te Bes 8 2 4 + 1t8 zt? # : : “ey ft Hen. 8 i : Nae ree . oe acm % ie : oe bets aa . fi BA nis e ; 3 o % + f . . “ # 08 ge wig Flee! * 7 ee . . ate ae \ te £ 5 . . HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. dwelling, the house now occupied by Adam Kramer. The post-office route was from Chillicothe to Zanesville, and Israel Wheeler was the earliest carrier of the mail from Chillicothe to Tarlton whose name can now be re- membered. Wheeler was drowned while fording Salt creek, on horseback, in the performance of his duties. Adam Nye succeeded Lybrand, according to the best recollection of the oldest residents, and held the position until Jackson was elected, when the new departure in civil service, based upon the “to-the-victors-belong-the- spoils’” system was inaugurated. Nye had the office in his tavern. Squire George W. Magee was the next postmaster, keeping the office in the house now occupied by widow Bond. After serving five or six years, he was succeeded by his son, James, who continued in the position for a couple of years. Since the younger Magee, the following named individuals have successively officiated as post- master of the Tarlton office, viz: Henry S. Creal, Otis Ballard, F. W. Nye, Joel Todd, Samuel Karshner, N. A. Davison, E. D. Norton, James C. Creager, and William C. Roberts, the present incumbent. There are now also post-offices at Leistville and String- town, of which G. W. Corn and William Crites are the respective postmasters. In the apportionment of justices of the peace, April 6, 1810, Salt Creek had two, viz.: Jacob Lutz and Will- iam Drury. By act of the legislature, passed March 7, 1843, that part of Adelphi in Salt Creek township was attached to Ross county. The early records of the town- ship have been lost, and we are unable to give the names of the first township officers. The present township officers are as follows: Allen S. Mowery, clerk; William H. Mowery, Willison B. Miesse, Joseph Boyer, trustees; John F. Mowery, treasurer; Henry North, assessor; S. G. Morgan and A. C. Thomas, constables. PHYSICIANS. The earliest doctors who practiced in the township came from Chillicothe and Lancaster. The first doctor who resided within the township was a Dr. Waldo, of whom we can learn nothing further than his name. In 1817, Dr. Otis Ballard settled at Tarlton, arriving from Massachusetts. He soon after began the practice of his profession, and continued with success until about 1842, when he was compelled, on account of poor health, to discontinue it. He married the widow of John Shoe- maker, and lived where Wiley’s tavern now stands. A biographical sketch of Dr. Ballard is given elsewhere. The present physicians are Dr. J. J. Baker and Dr. J. R. Kelch. The former derived his medical education at Ohio college, Cincinnati; practiced ten years in Muskin- gum county, and then came to Tarlton, where he is now engaged in the practice of his profession. Dr. Kelch graduated at Starling medical college, Co- lumbus, in the session of 1863-4, having practiced nine years previously. He was first assistant surgeon in the One Hundred and Fifty-first Ohio volunteer infantry during a. part of the rebellion, and for a few months of the war was at Camp Chase, acting as assistant surgeon & 33 257 United States army. In August, 1865, he located in Tarlton, where he has since continued in practice. ” TARLTON. is situated on Salt creek, on the north line of the town- ship, and contains about five hundred inhabitants. It was laid out about the year 1801, by Benjamin Newell, and was first called Newellstown. The log cabin of Chris- topher Myers, which stood on the brow of the hill, just west of Mr, Ballard’s, was the first building erected in the place. The first store was opened by a man by the name of McLane, whose location was on the lot now occupied by Kimes Brothers. Jacob Sayler kept the next store on the same lot on which the cabin of Myers stood. Samuel Lybrand, William and Stephen Julian, and Sin- gleton & Carr, were also early traders here. The first tavern was kept by John Shoemaker, in his log dwelling, where Wiley’s hotel now stands. A man by the name of Markwood kept an early tavern in the east end of the village. Adam J. Nye settled at Tarlton soon after the close of the war of 1812, and for many years kept the tavern now conducted by Hedges. He was also in trade here, for many years. The road through Tarl- ton was once the principal route from Kentucky to the east, and General Jackson and Henry Clay used to stop there on their way to the seat of government. There are, at the present time, in Tarlton, six churches, one union school, three general stores, four groceries, one drug store, one tin shop, two shoemakers, two tanneries, one grist-mill and saw-mill, four blacksmith shops, two taverns, three millinery shops, one undertaker’s shop, one harness shop and one meat market. The large number of churches in the place sufficiently attests its moral char- acter. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, OTIS BALLARD, M. D. Tarlton received a valuable acquisition to its list of substantial, useful men, in the person of Dr. Otis Ballard. For whatever benefit his residence in their midst con- ferred upon the people of the village, and of Salt Creek township, they were indebted to one of those so-called accidents of fate, which, at the time of their occurrence, are regarded as unimportant vexations. Dr. Ballard was born at Charlemont, Massachusetts, October 10, 1792, and there passed the years of his boy- hood and early manhood. He studied medicine with Dr. Bryant, the father of the famous poet, William Cul- len Bryant, and when twenty-one years of age, started for the great unknown west to find a place where he could establish himself in his profession. He left home in March, 1817, and upon the fourth of July, arrived at the place which he afterwards made his home. It had not been his intention to go so far west, but destiny had so decreed, or chance decided. He was unable to find his brother, whom he had expected to meet in New York 258 State, and so pushed on into Ohio, then almost a wilder- ness. He intended to locate then in Zanesville, but, again, circumstances interfered. There was no opening there for a young physician. The only thing that re- mained for him to do, was to journey on until he found a place where his professional services were needed. Such a place was Tarlton. He immediately began there the practice of medicine. It was ina small way, to be sure; but it was a beginning, and as such, was welcomed. The professional services of the young pioneer physician were for sometime only called into requisition in a few families in the neighborhood, but as he became better acquainted, and favorable reports of his understanding and skill went forth, his ride became constantly larger, and his practice finally became as extensive as he could wish for ; it fully occupied his time. This practice was continued unbroken by any exténded absences until as late as 1842, when the doctor experienced a slight de- cline of health, which became gradually more severe, until he had violent hemorrhage of the lungs, which threatened to destroy his life. He recovered complete health, however, and retained it almost unimpaired until within a short time preceding his death. Other occupations than the practice of medicine claimed Dr. Ballard’s attention. He had a farm of two hundred and fifty acres in Tarlton, and a larger one in Fairfield, for grazing purposes, and engaged in various business projects of mercantile and. other nature, having active partners, who attended to the details. He raised much fine stock, and carried on an extensive business in buying and selling. In his later years he was one of the directors of the Hocking Valley bank of Lancaster. Beside his professional duties and the attention given to farming and business interests he—being a man of large public spirit—devoted much time and effort to the furtherance of such measures as were proposed from time to time for the moral or material advancement of the community. When any project of improvement was advanced, he gave it warm support. He was one of the most zealous of those who endeavored to effect some means of railroad communication between Tarlton and neighboring centers of trade, that the farmers might have an advantageous outlet for the products of the soil, always so well tilled. Dr. Ballard was a devotedly religious man, and was one of the founders of the English Lutheran church, in Tarlton, of which he was, during the remainder of his life, a prominent member and liberal supporter. Politically, he was a Whig, and then a Republican, and strong union man during the war. Although not a politician, he was a close observer of political action, and very positive in his convictions. Dr. Ballard’s strong characteristics were energy, the habit of doing with his might, and to his best ability, whatever he undertook, good judgment, strong common sense, strict integrity of purpose, and a generous dispo- sition. He was not an educated man, in the commonly accepted meaning of that term, but he was a close ob- server, was well-read, and had a good knowledge of men and affairs, £ -E., James Otis and Edward S. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Dr. Ballard died November 11, 1878, at the age of eighty-six years, one month and one day, and his death caused a general and wide-spread feeling of sorrow, and bereavement. His sickness was brief, and not excessively painful, and the end was approached in perfect peace, and na manner fitting the character of the life that was closed. In 1823, the doctor took as his wife Elizabeth, widow of John Shoemaker, formerly Miss Huy, of Berks county, Pennsylvania, and born in 1789. She died February 14, 1863, fifteen years before her husband. The only chil- dren of this pair were James and William H., both now living, and residing in Tarlton, upon the site of their father’s home. James Ballard was born June 12, 1826. His boyhood was passed at home, and when he arrived at the age at which he needed more advanced instruction than could be there had, his father sent him to Hudson to college. He remained there one year, and then went to Williams’ college, at Williamstown, Massachusetts, where he graduated with the class of’50. His subsequent life has been passed in Tarlton, where he has heen en- gaged in farming and other avocations. He married, August 28, 1860, Helen F. Dwinell, of Brattleboro, Ver- mont, by whom he has four children, viz.: Mary E., Helen Mr. Ballard’s present residence was built in the Centennial year. His brother, William H. Ballard, was born June 25, 1829. He is a farmer by occupation. SAMUEL LUTZ. To live ninety years on earth is the lot of very few human beings. To find one’s self, at ninety, with all one’s physical senses and mental faculties unimpaired, and with an almost youthful vigor, both of body and mind, is an occurrence so rare and exceptional as properly to be considered a phenomenon. Yet this, without exaggera- tion, is the lot of Samuel Lutz. And the ninety years which he has lived, and for seventy-five of which he has been an interested student and observer of human affairs, have becn among the most eventful the world has ever seen. It is doubtful if, even in the civil and political history of the world, any previous era of equal length has been marked by so many important changes as those which have characterized the past ninety years. And, certain it is, that the discoveries and inventions in sci- enee and the useful arts, which have been made during the same period, exceed in number and magnitude those of any previous century. A bare enumeration of the great historical events and scientific discoveries which have passed under Mr. Lutz’s careful, intelligent and studious observation, would occupy more space in these pages than that which the limits of our space necessarily pre- scribe for his biography. Samuel Lutz was born March 13, 178g, in Upper Sau- con township, Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. His parents were Jacob and Elizabeth (Demuth) Lutz, his mother being a native of Bucks county, and his father of Newton. They were married about the year 1787. His grandfather, Ulrich Lutz (also a native of Pennsyt- [oa amtceree ORCAS ANSI eer RESIDENCE ano FACTORY oF H. D RIEGEL, SALT CREEK TP, PICKAWAY CO.0. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN -AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 259 Vania), died about 1790; his great-grandfather (and first- known ancestor) emigrated from Germany to the same German-American State, near the year 1730. Notwith- standing their remote connection with the Father-land, the family have persevered in the use of the German lan- guage, down to the present generation. At a family re-union held at the residence of Samuel Lutz, in Salt Creek township, October 15, 1877, to com- memorate the seventy-fifth anniversary of the settlement of the family in that locality, John A. Lutz, one of the sons of Samuel Lutz, the only lawyer and professional writer thus far produced by the family, thus spoke of the family name and first-known progenitor : ‘'The name seems to be purely arbitrary, without any known signifi- cance, and, possibly, may have been obtained from the place of nativity, as there is a town in Germany called Lutzen [Luetzen, in German], noted in history as the place where the great battle was fought during the thirty years’ war, in which the brave Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, was killed. The name being quite common, both in Germany and in this country, is doubtless of remote antiquity, dating back, per- haps, to the days of Herman, or even Julius Ceesar.” We would remind our friend Lutz, that there is a Ger- man provincial word, Zue/ze/, meaning the same as the English adjective, “little,” and doubtless only another form of that and the common German, /ete/. Luetzel might easily have been contracted into /wets, and that transformed (by a slight change of spelling, frequently met with in German) into /#/z—thus furnishing the fam- ily name. This etymology derives a singular plausibility from the diminutive size which is said to bea striking characteristic of the Lutzes. He proceeds in the following pleasant vein: Baron Von Lutz, the minister of education of Austria, may be a de- scendant of the same ancestor, and simply had the title of nobility cast upon him or his immediate ancestors, by some play of fortune, during some of the revolutions and political upheavals, which have taken place in Germany, in the last few centuries; for the venerable dame is some- * what capricious in the bestowment of her favors, and has been known to make noblemen out of plowmen. But if he is of the same ancestry, ‘his lineage is so remote that, like a distant planet, the light reflected by him does not affect us in the least, either for good or evil. Tradition has it, and we have accepted it as true history, that about the year 1730, a llttle old bachelor, by the name of Michael Lutz, came from Germany and settled in Northampton county, Pennsylvania. It is not known what part of Germany he came from, and it has been sug- gested that, herhaps, he was a natural son, and was silent as to his an- cestry, or had not sense enough to tell where he came from. He soon found that a different state of things obtained in this country. In the densely populated States of Germany, he might have been per- mitted to remain an old bachelor, and to waste his sweetness on the desert air; but here, where immense forests were to be cleared and the lard brought into cultivation, towns and cities to be built, the increase of population was a very important item in political economy; and the policy of the colonies was not unlike that of Brigham Young—to utilize all propagating elements. He was admonished that no such moral and social delinquincy as bachelorhood could be tolerated. For some reason, he seemed to be unsuccessful in his efforts to obtain a wife, and there- fore the elders of the church to which he belonged came to his relief, either from motives of brotherly kindness, or of public policy, and soon procured for him a wife. The issue of this union was two sons, and perhaps one or two daughters. He purchased a small tract of land in Northampton county, on the south side of the Lehigh river, ‘and not far from its mouth, upon which he lived the remainder of his days, and which is saitl to be still owned by one of his descendants. Of his history, only these few fragments have escaped oblivion. What became of his daughters, if they, or either of them, lived to years of maturity, and left any children, we do not know. His elder son was named Benedict, and the younger Ulrich. Upon the death of the father, Benedict inherited, by laws which ob- tained in Pennsylvania, twice as much of his father's estate as Ulrich; and although the estate was small, there seems to have been enough to create a coldness between the brothers; and in consequence of this, the families separated, and but little intercourse passed between them. Benedict Lutz lived to a great age, and died about the year 1818, in Pennsylvania. Some of his descendants are still living in Pennsylvania, but further than this we have no knowledge of them. Ulrich Lutz married Elizabeth Dice, about the year 1760. Her parents came from Dupont, Germany, and she possessed considerable native intellect, with a liberal endowment of common sense, and the im- provement in intellect which the family exhibited subsequent to this, was doubtless inherited from her. Though herself of medium stature, she was descended from a family noted for their size. Two of her uncles, about seven feet in height, served in Frederick William of Prus- sia's celebrated regiment of giants. Though most of us are mere pig- mies in stature, it would seem we have some of the blood of the giants in our veins. They lived in Springfield township, Bucks county, Penn- sylvania, till about the year 17G0, when they, with their sons and fami- lies, moved to Shamokin Valley, Northumberland county, where Ulrich Lutz died, the same year. In 1794 Jacob Lutz, the father of Samuel Lutz, moved from Shamokin valley, Northumberland county, Pennsyl- vania, to Buffalo valley, a beautiful and fertile portion of the same county. Here he resided until September, 1802, when, with his wife, five sons and his mother, he emigrated to Ohio, and, on the fifteenth day of the same month, settled on the premises where his son, Samuel Lutz, now resides. His sons were Samuel, Jacob D., John D., Joseph, and Peter. The last two died in their boyhood; the other three grew up to manhood, and, being trained to the occupation of farming, became leading farmers of this county. There were then no public schools in this State, but their father, appreciating the importance of an edu- cation, provided his sons with books, and encouraged them to study at home; and, in this way, they acquired a good practical education. Samuel Lutz married Elizabeth Fetherolf on the fif- teenth day of October, 1811. His father set off to him one hundred and eighty-five acres of land, from the west side of his home tract, as a part of his patrimony. Upon this he erected a cabin to live in, near the site of his present fine residence, and commenced the work of fell- ing the native forest and bringing the land under culti- vation. This was no easy task at that day, for there was very little money in circulation, and hired labor was “scarce; and the following year our country became in- volved in a war with Great Britain, and many of the able- bodied men of the new settlement were called to the de- fence of the frontier, which made it still more difficult to obtain hired labor. He served, himself, a short cam- paign, under the general call, and he was once drafted for a thirty-days’ term, for which he furnished a substi- tute. The financial depression, which followed the war, produced stringent times and seriously checked every form of improvement in the new States. But, notwith- standing these obstacles, he toiled on, and, after ten years or more of hard labor and self-denial, he had the pleasure of seeing himself the owner of a well-improved farm, with fair prospects of enjoying some of its comforts. He became the owner, in the meantime, of other lands, and united with farming the business of raising and deal- ing in live stock, which subsequently became a promi- nent part of his business. He was one of the pioneers 260 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. in driving live stock from the Scioto valley to the east- ern cities, having driven cattle to Baltimore as early as the year 1822. The business in which he was engaged was well adapted to his habits and taste, and he took considerable interest in live stock, being never in better spirits than when he had his farms well stocked with cattle. Though his principal business was as just stated, yet he managed to devote considerable time to surveying, which was rather a favorite pursuit with him, and one in which he acquired quite a reputation for accuracy and skill. In most of the litigated cases of disputed lines or overlapping of surveys in the Virginia ‘military district in this county, he was employed to make surveys, and his opinions had great weight with the court and jury in de- ciding them. He has always been a man of decided political convic- tions, and the exercise of the right of suffrage, with him, has been a sacred duty; and it is doubtful whether he ever failed to vote at a political election. His first vote for president was cast for James Madison, and the last for General Hayes. In the days of the old Whig party he was one of its leaders in this county, and Henry Clay was his ideal of a statesman; and, perhaps, no one suf- fered more keenly than he the mortification of Clay’s de- feat for the presidency, in 1844. As a Whig, he was elected four times to represent this county in the legisla- ture: the first time in 1830, and the last in 1849. He held many minor offices, and it can be said, with truth, that he performed the duties of every public trust, to which he was called, with fidelity. Upon the repeal of the Missouri compromise and the organization of the Re- publican party, he united with it, and became a radical anti-slavery man. He supported Lincoln for the presi- dency, and, when the South seceded, he was in favor of coercion, and he heartily endorsed the war measures of his administration. ‘Though more than three-score-and- ten, when the Rebellion began, yet he took a deep inter- est in the efforts of the government to suppress it, and contributed money liberally to encourage enlistment. And, perhaps, no events which have occurred in his life were more joyful to him than the abolition of slavery and the final triumph of our arms in the suppression of the Rebellion. Naturally inclined to be studious, in early life he pro- vided himself with a good library, and his Icisure mo- ments were devoted to reading.and to the study of math- ematics, in which he became well versed, Endowed with a good share of common sense anda generous nature, and having acquired extensive practical knowledge and a readiness with the pen, he made him- self very useful to his neighbors and to the community ‘in which he lives. His manner of living was plain and simple, and his habits strictly temperate. His life, in some respects, has been a success, having raised a family of nine children and accumulated an estate of three thousand acres of land in Pickaway and Ross counties, which he distributed among his children as they arrived at full age or married. On the fifteenth day of October, 1861, he and his wife had the pleasure of celebrating their golden wedding. His wife died on the fifteenth day of April, 1868, aged seventy-four years and four months, They had fourteen children, five of whom died in infancy. The remaining nine are still living, are married, and have families. The following are the names of these surviving children: Samuel G.; Harriet, wife of Robert Zurwehly; Catharine, wife of Ovid Lutz; Isaac; John A.; Lydia, wife of Peter Lutz; George; Mary, wife of Lewis R. Lesher; and Rachel, wife of Christopher Patrick. The oldest of these is sixty-two, and the youngest forty-two, The liv- ing descendants of Samuel Lutz are nine children, forty- nine grandchildren, and thirty-one great-grandchildren. The Lutzes are a social race, and no interesting anni- versary is allowed to pass without being celebrated by its appropriate family reunion. The last of these which has thus far been held, was on the thirteenth of March, 1879, the ninetieth anniversary of Samuel Lutz’s birth. The orator of that occasion was Harry E. Lutz, a grandson of “our hero,” anda son of John A Lutz, the lawyer. If it be true, as we have heard it intimated, that he is ambitious to attain a high rank in the honored profes- sion of journalism, we hazard nothing in predicting, that at no distant day, should his life and health be spared, he will fully realize his ambition. His address, on the occasion referred to, was so graceful and felicitious, and, withal, so fine a veswme of the life and character of his honored grandfather, that we insert it here: Nearly seventy-seven years ago two large, canvas-covered wagons plodded slowly westward from Pennsylvania. They passed over hills covered with the majestic trees of the forest; they journeyed through valleys richly mantled with flowers and grass; they crossed peaceful riv- ulets, angry torrents, and broad rivers. In one of those wagons there was a boy of thirteen summers. He was small in stature, but his bright gray eyes, which shone beneath a broad, high forehead, and lighted up a thoughtful-looking face, betokened a maturity of mind beyond his years. Untutored and inexperienced though he was, he had enough of natural force of mind to overcome the disadvantages of his position. This journey introduced him into a new life, for those wagons finally’ halted in the valley which has now been his home for seventy-seven years, and we meet to-day to celebrate the ninetieth birthday of that boy, wao is now father, grandfather, and great-grand father. In 1807 he studied surveying at Chillicothe, under John G. Macan, and last year, after seventy-one vears’ service in that profession, he bought a new stock of instruments, expecting to begin life anew. In 1810 he surveyed the first public road which the Pickaway county com- missioners ordered, and recently, after an interval of sixty-nine years, he was again appointed to resurvey a portion of that same road. In 18rr he married Elizabeth Fetherolf, and they, together, shared the joys and the sorrows of life for a full half century. In 1813 he served a few weeks in the militia, when Ohio received a fright from the British, which has only been equalled by that which John Morgan's raid occasioned in 1863. Although it is a family trait ‘‘to snore louder in bed than to shout in battle,’” our hero was not without glory in this his only campaign, for he confidently affirms that he fired off his gun once, which is more than many of his fellow warriors could say. And for this invaluable service his grateful country has pensioned him and given him one hundred and sixty acres of land. He afterwards served eighteen years asa justice of the peace, and represented his county in four sessions ot the Ohio legislature. Such is the record of his life, as it would be told to a stranger, but it is as inadequate as the boy’s note of his daily experiences, that ‘' he got up, washed, and went to bed."’ Behind this short account there is an- other, of days of joy and days of sorrow, of weeks of pain and wecks of pleasure, of years*of gain and years of loss; and it is thisaccount which . truly shows the progress of his mind, but which we have not now time to trace. We will, therefore, turn from the life to the character of our hero, and we shall find that, in the words of Emerson, the man towers head and shoulders above his deeds. The most prominent characteristic of his WILLIAM DRESBACH. 5 vids a ma THE GEO. DRESBACH FARM, ( HOUSE BUILT IN 1824.) RES.or WM. DRESBACH, Sait CREEK TP, PICKAWAY CO,0._[ 1.U. B.CHURCH) HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 261 mind is force. He puts his whole soul into whatever he undertakes He is inclined to go over or through, rather than around, You have noticed an ant moving along on the earth, and have noticed that when it comes to an obstacle in its path it immediately turns aside. That is the way with some men; they change their course whenever anything opposes them, without trying to overcomeit. But that is not the way with our hero. If it is possible, he will go over, or he will go through. Last summer, while in Adelphi, a man told me an anecdote which fully illustrates this trait in his character. About fifteen or twenty years ago, he was carrying one end of the chain, while surveying a field, and the man was carrying the other, when they came to a large pond. He urged our hero to make a triangle and estimate the distance across, but, with scowls, was answered : ‘‘Come on, come on; what are you about? Let's go through!” And in they plunged, up to their waists, and did go through. This same force of mind, however, makes him impatient of slow people, and causes him, also, to get into what has been called a ‘* cast-iron sweat ”’ at trifles. Another trait of his character is inquisitiveness. He would walk a mile to find out a stranger's name, and think that he was amply repaid for his journey, though he should forget it the next day. He would have made a first-class newspaper reporter, if he had been taken when young, for he could get an interview with the greatest man on earth any day. While we were traveling, he wanted to know the name of every station which we passed, and asked me all sorts of questions about the things which he saw, and not unfrequently compelled me to expose my ignorance, and that was rather rough on my pride, you know. He invariably inquired the price of everything, from a boot-black’s out- fit to the steel bridge at St. Louis. Macaulay may have had a great memory, but I would be willing to wager a fortune that our hero has forgotten more than he knew. But, notwithstanding all the facts that have passed from his mind, his inquisitiveness has not been in vain, for heis well posted in history, and has a wide knowledge of current events, Another characteristic of his mind is studiousness. He sometimes works at a problem during a whole day, which is something that neither love nor money could inducc any of his descendants to do. Farm life has very little in it to stimulate one to hard study, but our hero over- came those discouragements, and is now well acquainted with the differ- ent branches of mathematics. But this special study did not so bias his mind that he neglected other things, for he has read much of the classical prose and poetry. Last summer, when in his ninetieth year, he bought a volume of poems, and since then has spent many of his leisure moments in reading those stirring Scottish lays of Robert Burns. The chief characteristic of our hero's old age is vigor. To-day, were we to walk a race, he wouid outstrip one-half of us. Last summer, when strong men were lying under shade-trees, complaining of the heat—when people of all ages and conditions were being stricken down in the great cities—our hero surveyed a field in Ross county. When eighty-six years of age he climbed to the top of the Bunker Hill monu- ment, and, a few days afterward, he went up the three hundred and sixty-four steps leading to the dome of the capitol at Washington. In 1876 he passed through that most wearisome of all ordeals, the attend- ing of the Centennial. And that he fully appreciates his vigor, the following anecdote will show: Last summer, while we were at Cincin- nati, he started to get into a stree-car before it should stop, but I kept him from doing so; and when we were seated in the car the driver passed through and remarked that he was too old a man to get on a car while it wasin motion. At that a scowl came over our hero's face, like a thunder-cloud, and, throwing up his arms, he exclaimed, with withering contempt, ‘‘That’s nothing; I could jump over the whole car.” Then, seeing the general look of amused incredulity, he added, with emphasis, ‘‘Why, yes! why, yes!" Whatever position in society our hero has attained, it has been en- tirely owing to his own efforts. No long line of ancestors has given hin ‘‘title deeds to sloth.” Others may boast of their descent, but he can glory in his ascent. As the Swedish epic says: ‘* Boast not thy father’s fame—’tis his alone, A bow that thou canst bend is scarce thine own. What can a buried glory be to thee? By its own force the river gains the sea.” We are accustomed to speak of beauty as an exclusive attribute of youth, but we forget that nature has thrown a mantle of grace over old age also. One is the beauty of action; the other, the beauty of repose. One is the beauty of a torrent dashing over rocky precipices; the other is the beauty of still waters, which unchangeably mirror the heavens. The bright green of a forest in spring is beautiful; but so, also, are the golden hues of the trees in autumn. The rosy-faced child and the white-haired old man, alike command our love. And we can think of nothing in which our hero has been more fortunate than in having all the venerableness of age, without its pains and its weaknesses. I would call him great, not only because he has performed his part in the drama of life well, but also because I think that his natural talents are sufficiently above mediocrity to make him deserving of that name Great men do not always occupy high places, and the heroes whose names adorn the pages of history are outnumbered by heroes equally great, though unknown to fame. In the story of our family, one of the brightest pages will be the one which records the struggles and triumphs of Samuel Lutz, The grandmother who accompanied Mr. Lutz to Ohio, died at the home of her son, June 23, 1818, aged about seventy-five. His father died September 4, 1824, at sixty-two, and his mother, January 247, 1842, at eighty-six. Mr. Lutz was, as we have seen, about thirteen years of age when he left his native State, having received there only such education as the Pennsylvania common-schools afforded. After his arrival here, the only training which he received from a teacher was that obtained during the two months under Professor Macan, studying the ele- ments of surveying. So that, even in his favorite science, it may properly be said that he was self-taught. Always a man of scrupulous integrity, and a firm be- liever in christianity, it was not until about four years ago that he made an open profession of religion, and united with the Cumberland Presbyterian church, in his imme- diate neighborhood. At the family re-union (the first one noticed above) held to commemorate the settlement of the Lutz family in Pickaway county, a large stone (after the good old Jewish fashion) was set up and dedicated, as a.memento of the event. The formula for the dedication of this stone, pronounced by John A. Lutz at the close of his address on that occasion, will form an appropriate ending for this imperfect sketch. It is as follows: ‘To perpetuate the memory of the interesting event which we to-day celebrate, and as a memorial of the divine goodness to us as a family, I now solemnly dedicate this simple monument, composed of a rude boulder, found upon these premises, and doubtless brought hither by the great northern drifts. Of itself it ts a monument of the wonderful changes which have taken place on the surface of the earth in the geo- logic periods of the past, in the formation and preparation of these picturesque hills and beautiful fertile valleys for the abode, comfort, and happiness of man. ‘“May no rude hand deface it, nor unrestrained violence destroy it, but may it ever remain to remind the future generations of our children o _ the event we celebrate, and of the goodness of God to their ancestors. and to this let all the kindred say, Amen.” THE DREISBACH FAMILY. The history of the Dreisbacl family, which has, in Salt Creek township, a representative in William; in Circle- ville, Martin E. and Mrs. D. B. Wagner; in Pickaway, Isaac E.; and in Washington township, Edward Dreis- bach, with numerous others, extends back to Martin Dreisbach, who was born in the year 1717, in the earldom’ of Witgenstein, Germany, and his wife (Anna Eve Hoff- man), the daughter of a teacher, of Nausausiegen. They emigrated from the fatherland in 1746, to the United States, and located upon a farm in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. They had four sons and two daughters— Jacob, Henry, John, Martin, Margaret, and Catharine. Jacob, the eldest son, married Magdalene Buchs 262 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. (whose name, anglicized, is Books), and they had a family of thirteen children, cight of whom were sons, namely, Martin, John, George, Samuel, Benjamin, Henry, Jonathan, and Jonas, all of whom were early settlers in Ohio. George, the third son, was born January 13, 1784, and his-wife, whom he married in Northumberland (now Union) county, Pennsylvania, was born I’cbruary 14, 1788. Her name was Catharine Betts. They were married January to, 1809. Their children were, Mary, born November 27, 1809; Hannah, January 2, 1812; Elizabeth, June 17, 1814; William, September 21, 1817; Manuel, March 9, 1820; Sarah, January 16, 1823; George, August 18, 1825; Abner, August 16, 1828; and Solomon, August 16, 1831. All are now living except Mary, Sarah (Mrs. P. Brock), Manuel, and Solomon, the last named of whom died in infancy. Only the eldest of the children was born in Pennsyl- vania, and the others in Ohio, their parents moving, in 1811, to this State. They stopped at first at Peter Spyker’s, on Salt creek, south of Tarlton, but in a short time removed to the farm upon which their son, William, now resides, and which the elder Dreisbach bought of Mrs. Sayler, a widow. He cleared up this farm, endured the privations and toils, braved the dangers of pioneer life, and lived to enjoy the triumph of his labors. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and underwent, in the service as well as at his home in the back woods, the viscissitudes of a frontier life in troublous times. He was a man of hardy constitution, and one of the most actively industrious, of the large class of fearless, thrifty men, who prepared the way for the army of civilization and hewed out the rich inheritance that the present generation enjoy. He was noted for his uprightness of character, and his long life was, in all respects, an ex- emplary one. The-church of the United Brethren was the religious institution which most closely embodied and exemplified his ideas, and he was for long years one of its most worthy members, as well as one of its best supporters. His long life of usefulness was brought to a close November 3, 1863—ten years after the decease of his wife. The descendents of this pioneer pair were brought up at the farm home, accustomed to the labors incident to such life as they led, enjoying its simple pleasures, and taking advantage of the few opportunities afforded for improvement. ‘Their educational facilities were limited; their chances for social recreations of seldom occurrence ; but they had health—that best of all inheritances—the example of good lives before them, wholesome training, and the happiness—-physical as well as mental—that wholesome labor and the right discharge of duty bring. They retained the traits of their parents, and matured into men and women of intrinsic worth, valuable to so- ciety and to the communities in which they dwell. Hannah, the eldest living, married Philip Pierce, and resides near Bloomington, Illinois. Elizabeth is the wife of A. Medsker, of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Manuel fell a victim to one of those terrible crimes of violence which grew out of the Rebellion. . In 1863, he was living in Amanda township, Fairfield county, Ohio, and was a strong Union man. The drafting of men for the army by the National government was meditated, and in some sections had been begun. In his neighborhood, men were mustering, to prevent, by force of arms, its tak- ing effect. Partisan feeling ran high, and violence was threatened in many localities. Manuel Dreisbach was not one of those who feared to speak his sentiments, and he did so, on several occasions, telling various individ- uals that they had no right to resist the orders of the gov- ernment, and using his influence towards creating a law-abiding sentiment. It was feared by some of his ‘riends that he would meet with violence, but he enter- tained no such apprehensions. One day, while engaged upon his farm in threshing grain, he went to the house to make some arrangement for dinner for the men in his employ, and there met a man who had worked for him several years, and with whom he was on the best of terms, so far as he knew. ‘The man had a rifle, and with scarcely a word of warning, he raised it to his shoulder and fired. The ball took effect in Mr. Dreisbach’s chest, but he did not fall. The assassin drew a revolver, to finish his bloody work, but was driven away by the thresh- ers, who pursued him with pitchforks. Heescaped. Mr. Dreisbach died in a few hours. John C. Corder, the hired man who fired the fatal shot, is to-day in the State’s prison, serving out a sentence for murder, having escaped, by a narrow chance, the gallows. No cause was shown for the crime, other than that Mr. Dreisbach’s utterances had been distasteful to some of the people in his neigh- borhood. It transpired, in the trial, that Corder had, sometime in previous years, committed a murder in Vir- ginia; that he was a desperate character, whom a few dollars would induce to commit any crime. It was al- leged that he was a hired assassin. George Dreisbach is in Winona county, Minnesota, and has twice represented a constiuency in the legislature of that State. He married Mary Nichols. Abner is in Australia, and has been there since 1852. William lives in Salt Creek township, at the old homestead, an illustra- tion of which is given on another page. He is a farmer by occupation, and one of the substantial, representative men of the county. Like his father, he was, in his early years, a Democrat, but since 1848 has not voted with that party, and, most of the time since its origin, he has been a supporter of the Republican party. He is a member of the United Brethren church. He was united in mar- riage, February 22, 1839, with Margaret, daughter of William and Jane Earnheart, of Washington township. They have had nine children: James A., Mary J., Mar- tin, Harriet, George, Kate, Amanda, Jemima, Milton and Abner Scott, all of whom are living, except Martin and Jemima. The mother of these children died, May 28, 1863, and Mr, Dreisbach, August 1, 1869, was married to his second wife, Mrs. Louisa Ford (formerly Wheitsel), a daughter of Jacob and Polly Wheitsel, of Salt Creek township, with whom he is still living. , \ i a ~ WSS \\ it ™ 2s ce Sc. ‘ . S \ JOHN MOWERY, SR. RACHEL MOWERY. Sierras anaes Ss CARDING MILL. ee er a k Te PICKAWAY Co., 0. RESIDENCE & MILL PROPERTY oF D ha z 4 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. THE STROUS FAMILY. Jacob Strous, born in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1775, came to Ohio in the fall of 1799, per- forming the journey on foot. He remained with his brother-in-law, Adam Defenbaugh, six miles below Chilli- cothe, until 1802, when he settled near where the village of Laurelville, in Hocking county, now stands. He and Defenbaugh, who also settled there, put up, on Laurel creek, a.short distance above the present mill, the first grist-mill in this region. The mill consisted simply of forked stakes driven into the ground and covered over with slabs. In June, 1807, Jacob Strous was married to Mary Reichelderfer, and resided in the neighborhood of Lau- relville until his death, which took place in 1845. He was an active and industrious pioneer, and did much for the improvement of his neighborhood. He was the father of five children as follows: John, born January 28, 1808; Mary, born August 16, 1812; Samuel, born August 9, 1814; Elizabeth, born August 12, 1824; Allen, born December 26, 1826. John married, November 13, 1832, Angeline Holder- man, born February 22, 1811, and settled where his son, David, now lives. He followed milling and farming dur- ing his life, which was one of great industry and useful- ness. He died July 23, 1875, and his wife, March 21, 1879. Mary Strous married Hiram Flannagan. widow, and resides at Laurelville. : Samuel married Mary Swoyer, January 24, 1841, with whom he is now living in Salt Creek township, Pickaway county, Ohio. They have had five children, four of whom are living. Elizabeth is the wife of William Webster, and resides in Pickaway township. Allen Strous lives near Laurelville on the old homestead. John Strous had eleven children, who are all now dead but three, and it may here be mentioned as a somewhat remarkable fact that, since 1850, there have occured at the house which is now the residence of the son, David H., and a view of which is elsewhere given, no less than fourteen funerals. David H. Strous, one of the substantial and enterpris- ing citizens of Salt Creek township, was the third child of John and Angeline Strous, and was born February 11, 1837. At the age of twenty-one he took an equal inter- est with his father in the mills and farm, and at the death of his father, succeeded to the entire, ownership. Mr. Strous’ career has been a very successful one; his energy, industry and good management being rewarded by the accumulation of a good property. Mr. Strous was united in marriage, April 22, 1858, with Ann Bochart, and to them the following named children were born, viz.: Jane Almeda, born September ro, 1858, is now the wife of Levi Lutz, of Pickaway township; Susannah, born May 29, 1860, is now the wife of Byron Mowery, of Salt Creek township; John Elsy, born August 15, 1862—died August 26, 1863; Charles, born June 3, 1864-—died September 9, 1865. Mrs. Strous, the mother of these children, died September 23, 1866. August 20, of the following year, Mr. Strous was She is now a 263 again married, to Rebecca J. Dillon, who was born May 19, 1842. The result of this union is five children, as follows: Olive D., born August 18, 1868 —died Decem- ber 7, 1870; Frank D., born September 3, 1869; Eddie D., born March 3, 1872; Eva Grace, born October 16, 1874; Lizzie May, born April 8, 1876. Just west of his residence, Mr. Strous has a beautiful grove of forest trees, containing about fourteen acres. The ground is very pleasantly situated, being higher than the surrounding land, and is skirted by Salt creek, on the bank of which is a beautiful mineral spring. A company has been formed who contemplate the improvement of the place next season as a pleasure resort. JOHN MOWERY was the youngest son of John Mowery, sr., and was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, August 12, 1805. When five years of age, his parents emigrated to Ohio, and settled in Salt Creek, Pickaway county, where John F. Mowery now lives. His father made a purchase of land in sections eleven and fourteen, and erected his dwelling in the southwest corner of section eleven. He died about a year after his settlement. John Mowery, the subject of this sketch, married, September 27, 1827, Rachel Dunkel, daughter of George Dunkel, and took up his residence on the homestead which became his at his father’s death, and which he occupied during his life. He died July 2, 1876. He was a prominent member of the Lutheran church, in Tarlton, and was a man of strict integrity. -He was an industrious, hard-working farmer, and possessing a sound judgment, he accumulated a good property, owning at the time of his*death between six and seven hundred acres of land. Mrs. Mowery died October 8, 1878, aged sixty-nine years, nine months and eighteen days. There were thirteen children born to John and Rachel Mowery, three of whom died in infancy, and the dates of their birth are not recorded. The others are as fol- lows: Leannah, born March 9, 1828, married for her first husband Venus Reichelderfer, by whom she had two children. She is now the wife of Elias Crites, and lives in Allen county, Ohio; Catharine, born February 27, 1831, died May 3, 1862, was the first wife of her sister Leannah’s present husband; Mary, born Septem- ber 18, 1833, became the wife of Jonathan J. Stout (now deceased), and resides in Washington township; Rachel, born May 27, 1836, married Amos Reichelderfer, and now resides near Bucyrus, Ohio; Susannah, born Janu- ary 18, 1839, is the wife of Peter Myers, and now lives near Stoutsville, Fairfield county; William H., born June 13, 1845, married Leahan Fetherolf, and now resides in Salt Creek, near Tarlton; John F., born February 3, 1848, married Mary Wolf, and now resides on the old homestead; Louisa Jane, born November 23, 1850, is the wife of William H. Housell, of Tarlton ; George D., born May ro, 1853, married Alice Courtright, and lives 264 at Stringtown; Allen S., born April 9, 1857 (unmarried), lives with his brother George. The four brothers, above mentioned, wishing to perpetuate the memory of their parents, have secured the insertion of their portraits, with a view of the old home, in connection with the history of Salt Creek. THE RIEGEL FAMILY, of Salt Creek township, has been as prominently identified with the im- provement of that part of the county, and the territory adjoining, as any family who reside in the vicinity. Solomon Riegel, the father, is a man of great activity and industry, and ever since he came to the State has been engaged in some enterprise which has developed and enriched the neighborhoods of which he has beena resident. He was a native of Berks county, Pennsylvania, a son of George and Elizabeth Riegel, and was born April 10, 1811. He came to Salt Creek in 1832, induced by the favorable reports of the country, made by his brother, Jesse, and others. Two years later, October 31, 1834, he married Mary, daughter of George and Mary Dunkel, natives of Berks county, Pennsylvania, who removed to Ohio in 1802. She was born March 31. 1803. Soon after their marriage, the couple removed to Fairfield county, where they remained three and a half years. From thence they went to Hocking county, where Mr. Riegel worked fora time for his brother-in-law, George Dunkel; but Mr. Riegel securing, as a present from his father, a farm of one hundred acres in Fairfield county, removed to it, and there made the beginning of his successful and actively industrious life. After living here ten years, accumulating some property, and being gen- erally well rewarded for hislabors, Mr. Riegel bought Mr. Dunkel's saw- mill, woolen-factory and about two hundred and fifty acres of land, and engaged in business upon a large scale. He erected, at Laurelville, a hotel and other buildings, and contributed largely to the good appear- ance and prosperity of that village. Building has always been one of the most common exhibitions of Mr. Riegel’s active creative nature, and one of his family, who has taken pains to sum up the results of his work in this line, states that within a few miles of the corners of Pickaway, Hocking and Ross counties, he has erected nineteen dwelling houses, and enough other buildings, mills, barns, etc., to make a total of one hundred. In this work he has usually been his own contractor, designer and superintendent, getting the timber from the woods manufacturing the lumber, and taking the stone from the quarry himself—that is, hav- ing it done under his supervision. He has also been an enterprising farmer, and has devoted considerable capital and time to milling, and to stock-raising and dealing. His various business ventures have, as a general thing, been thoroughly managed, and have paid well, so that he has accumulated a large property, although, like nearly all men, mect- ing with an occasional loss. It has been principally through his efforts that some of the best turnpikes of Pickaway county, especially the south- eastern part, have been constructed. _Mr. Riegel is one of those men, who, not having the advantage of edu- cation, has still been eminently successful, through the possession of sound native sense, good judgment, a genius for work and strict integ- rity of character. And we may also add, that having achieved an independency for himself, he has materially benefitted the community of which he has been a valuable member, the neighborhood in which he has lived. He is a man of strong moral character, and, religiously, is a member of the Reformed church, It isa notable fact, too, that every one of his entire family, nine persons beside himself, are members of the same church. Another fact, rather curious, is mentioned by members of the family. There has never becn a death within the circle. Not one family in a thousand of as many members, and aggregating as many years, has thus been spared the terrible visitor. ‘The mother's name (Dunkel) is honored by the insertion of its initial in the name of each of her eight children, The first-born (Iebruary 21, 1836), George D., is now in Salt Creek township, and resides at his father’s residence. He married, in 1859. Lovina Werner, of Allen county, Ohio, who died, September 18, 1872. He was engaged, for a number of years, in a gen- eral mercantile business, at Laurelville, beginning at the time the civil war commenced, and continuing until 1867. From 1870 to 1876 he conducted a large bus ness in produce and provisions, in Brooklyn, New York. Harvey D., the second son, born January 31, 1838, was, for a number of years, in California, but is, at present in the lumber and planing-mill business at Laurelville. He married Matilda Hedges, of HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Tarlton. Jane D., born August 6, 1840, married Andrew Defenbaugh, and resides at Cedarville, Fairfield county. Samuel D., born July 29, 1842, took for his first wife Mary Morris, of Washington township, and, after her death, married his present wife, Mary Owens. He resides in Salt Creek, and is a farmer and bee-keeper. He is publisher of the Bee Keeper's Instructor, and one of the best authorities in the country upon all matters pertaining to bee culture. Sarah Ann D., born June 28, 1843, is the wife of Wm. C. Markel, and resides in Salt Creek. Mary Elizabeth D., born September 2, 1845, is the wife of George H. Lutz. Solomon D., has his home in Salt Creek, a short distance from that of his father. He is one of the representative fariners of the town- ship, and one of its most substantial, well-informed citizens. In addi- tion to farming, he carries on the business of raising and selling stock, and isa large dealer. He married Mary A. Rush, daughter of John and Melinda Rush, of Greene township, Ross county. Emma C. D., is living in Greene township, Ross county, having married George M. Rush. JOSEPH SHOEMAKER was born in Tarlton, Salt Creek township, February 18, 1808. His parents, John and Elizabeth Shoemaker, of German descent, were na- tives of Berks county, Pennsylvania, where there is a little village called Shoemakerville, in honor of the family. They emigrated to Ohio in 1806. He was the first-born of three children—-Isaac, two years his jonior, who is still living, and Mary (afterwards the wife of Dr. William B. Hawkes, of Columbus), who died in 1837. The three children were left half-orphans, by the death of their estimable father, after only about ten years experience of pioneer life. Mrs. Shoemaker, the mother, sub- sequently married Dr. Otis Ballard. Joseph Shoemaker, the subject of this brief biography, grew up in the little village of Tarlton, and, in addition to the practical education that farm life afforded, had the limited advantages of instruction at the best schools in this part of the country—the old academies of Circleville and Lancaster. He taught school for a short time, but, resolving to lead the life of a farmer, to which he had become accustomed by all his as- sociations as a boy, he began in earnest the chosen avocation, which he has since pursued, and in which he has been eminently successful. In addition to his regular agricultural pursuit, Mr. Shoemaker has been engaged in raising cattle and in extensive stock raising. His father was an active, energetic pioneer, and the son has inherited many of his qualities. The farm upon which he resides, in Tarlton, is a portion of the large body of lands his father owned. Mr. Shoemaker has had no ambition to hold office, and has not been, in any sense of the term, a politician, although a firm supporter of the principles he believed to be best, and taking a deep interest in public affairs. He was an ‘‘old line Whig” until the formation of the Repub- lican party, since which time he has by ballot, and by the quiet infiu- ence that every man of worth unconsciously exerts, supported the men and measures of that great political majority. He is one of the oldest and most prominent members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church, but his efforts for the promotion of good morals and right living have by no means been confined to the limits of that organization, either as the field in which or the medium through which they were made. All improvements, all plans for the advancement of the best interests of the community, have had, in Mr. Shoemaker, a warm friend and supporter. The temperance cause, in all the forms in which it has battled evil for the past forty years, has had his assistance. IIe has been among the foremost in securing good schools for the village in which he has passed the many years of his life. In short, he isa public-spirited, though modest, man, and the community has much to thank him for. Mr. Shoemaker was married May 22, 1832, to Eliza Carpenter, a na- tive of Vermont, who removed, with her parents, at an early day, to Athens, Ohio. Their children, four in number, were Otis B., Cynthia S., Mary E., and Ann Eliza. Otis B. married, for his first wife, Sarah Dunan, and, after her death, Mrs. Minerva Lutz; they now live in Tarlton; Cynthia S. lives in Greenfield, Ohio, and is the wife of R. H. Miller; Mary I. married the Rev. T. R. Taylor, and resides in Ports- mouth; Ann Eliza married Joseph Ward, who died in 1877. Mrs, Shoemaker died September 30, 1859. June 2, 1863, Mr. Shoemaker married Nancy C. Mecks, a native of West Virginia, with whom he still lives. The offspring of this union were two children—John William, aged fourteen, and Joseph, aged nine years. fi iy i un a r i ny ea |) os eR el PICKAWAY C°0. P : RESIDENCE or JOSEPH SHOEMAKER, SALT CREEK TP ATT ad } CO ed HNN, ‘Nf I hf iH APIARY. RESIDENGE, NURSERY AND APIARY of SAMUEL D. RIEGEL, SALT CREEK TP... PICKAWAY cO.,0. PICKAWAY. Only a little more than eighty years ago, the territory now constituting Pickaway county, to-day teeming with busy industry, intelligence and happiness, was a complete wilderness, unvisited by the cheering rays of civilization. Over these fertile and cultivated fields—dotted with sub- stantial dwellings, surrounded by many evidences of even luxury and refinement—roamed savage wild beasts, and a race of men more savage still than they. Here sported the timid deer, and the dismal howl of the wolf was heard. In the forest, the Indian pursued his game and sauntered along the rippling streams, obtaining thus his daily food. Here the romantic lover “wooed his dusky maid” in primitive simplicity. Everything now is changed. The wilderness that met the first gaze of the pioneers has been made to bud and blossom as the rose. Where, less than a century ago, were the scattered huts and wigwams of the Indians, are now the comfortable homes of an enlightened and happy people, blessed with abundant social, religious, and educational privileges. This amazing change was rendered possible by the enter- prise, toil, and privation of those noble pioneers who are rapidly passing away, and in their commemoration the following account of their labors is written. No place in the county—if, indeed, in the entire State—is invested with such extraordinary interest as the township of Pickaway. Here were situated the principal Indian villages, for the destruction of which Lord Dun- more’s campaign was organized. On its soil the army made its encampment, and by a treaty or truce, brought to a close what threatened to be a long and bloody war. The writer will merely mention here the places of his- torical interest in the township, the events which make them so, being fully narrated in another portion of the book. At the time of Lord Dunmore’s incursion into the country, in 1774, there were several Indian villages on the plains and vicinity, the most important of which were Cornstalktown and Squawtown, situated on Scippo creek. The former named after the Shawnee chief, Corn- stalk, was located just north of where the iron bridge crosses the creek on the Chillicothe pike, and the latter, named for the sister of Cornstalk—Grenadier Squaw— was located just south of the bridge. Camp Charlotte, the place of Lord Dunmore’s encampment, was situated on Scippo creek, in the southwest quarter of section twelve, on the old Winship farm. General Lewis camped on the southeast quarter of section thirty, on Congo creek, * The history of this township is written largely from information furnished by Jacob Hitler (since deceased), George Hitler, John D. Sharp, John Caldwell, John Boggs, and William W. Entrekin. 34 On the farm of James T. Boggs, a short distance east of his residence, is the so-called “Logan elm,” under which, according to a certain tradition, the famous speech of the celebrated Mingo chief was made. This tradition relates that Col. Williamson, an officer under Lord Dun- more, recited to Captain John Boggs the circumstances of the conclusion of the treaty with the Indians, and described the place of meeting as being near Congo creek, about a mile below Camp Lewis, in a small piece of prairie of about thirty acres, in the middle of which was a mound. Logan was present, and delivered the speech under an elm that stood a short distance south- west of said mound. Captain Boggs had no difficulty in subsequently finding the tree, from the description given him by Williamson, and it has ever since been carefully preserved by members of the family, because of the his- torical associations that are believed by them to surround it. The tree is of regal majesty, being seventy-nine feet in height, and measuring, from the ends of the branches on one side to the other, one hundred and twenty feet. The trunk is twenty feet in circumference. FACE OF THE COUNTRY—STREAMS. The surface of the township is generally rolling, with the exception of that portion comprising the Pickaway “plains,” where it is almost perfectly level. These “plains,” so justly celebrated for their beauty, exuberant fertility, and ease of cultivation, when first discovered by the pioneers, were entirely devoid of tree or shrub, and were covered with a rank vegetation, consisting mostly of a wild grass, which old inhabitants say grew to such a height that it could be easily tied over a horse’s back. The productiveness of the virgin soil of the “plains” was very great—one hundred bushels of corn, and fifty bushels of wheat to the acre being raised with scarcely any labor. On their arrival here, the pioneers naturally located on the plains, because of the little labor required to raise a crop; but from their entire lack of timber and living water they were not considered desirable for permanent resi- dence, and when the land was offered for sale, in 1801, the surrounding territory was generally preferred by the pur- chasers. The principal stream within the limits of the township is Scippo creek, which, rising in Fairfield county, enters the township in section twelve, flows a tortuous course through the north part, and reaches the Scioto about two miles north of*the south line of the township. Congo creek flows through the south part, and unites with Scippo a mile above its mouth. Kinnickinnick, in the east part, and a small, unnamed tributary of the Scioto, in the west part of the township, are the only (265) 266 other water courses worthy of mention. On Scippo creek there were, at one time, five grist-mills in operation, as mentioned more particularly elsewhere. In territorial extent, Pickaway exceeds any other town- ship in the county, and in fertility of soil is second to none. It embraces all of the original surveyed township number ten, in range twenty-one (Worthington’s survey), containing thirty-six square miles, and, also, the fractional township number three, in range twenty-two, lying between the west line of range twenty-one and the Scioto river, containing about eleven square miles, comprising, in all, a territory of forty-seven square miles. WILD ANIMALS. Game of all kinds, especially deer and wild turkeys, was abundant long after the first white settler came into the township. The killing of two or three deer in a sin- gle day, by a hunter, was an ordinary occurrence, and to shoot one from the cabin door, not an uncommon one. Wolves were so numerous as to be a great drawback to the introduction of sheep by the settlers, and rendered necessary their careful protection at night; pens being usually built for that purpose. Pickaway was not a favorite haunt for bears, but a few of them would come in every fall from the Raccoon hills. An old bear, with a cub, was shot through the body, but only wounded, by Jacob Try, at Jefferson. ‘The animal got away, but was tracked by Try’s dog over into Wayne township, where she was shot by a settler of that township. The cub, which was half grown, was subsequently taken alive in a thicket a short distance east of Jefferson, by George Try and two or three other young men, with the assistance of the dog. During the struggle between the dog and his antagonist, the young men tied the feet of the bear, using their suspenders for the purpose. They then procured a pole, strung the animal upon it, and carried him, alive, to the village, where they kept him for some time. INDIANS. The Indians lingered about the region for some years after the advent of the white settler. They had camping grounds in the township, but no villages after the white men came. In their intercourse with their palefaced brethren, they were uniformly friendly, and no trouble or annoyance was occasioned by their presence. They would occasionally bring in from the Raccoon hills large quantities of bear meat and venison which they would sell or “swap” to the whites. A white man killed an Indian on Paint creek, in Ross, the report of which, on reaching the township, created some excitement among the settlers, who apprehended trouble from the red men in consequence. The people collected together in expectation of an attack, but no trouble ensuing, the excitement soon passed away. EARLY SETTLEMENT, The initial settlement of Pickaway county was made in this township, in the year.1796 or 1797. The first cabins were erected on Zane’s “trace,” which led through the plains from the crossing of the Hockhocking (now Lancaster) to Chillicothe. It cannot, with absolute cer- tainty, be stated who was the first actual settler, but from HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. the best information now obtainable, we are inclined to the belief that Caleb Evans enjoys that distinction. He was a native of Pennsylvania, whence he removed to Kentucky, and resided there until the year stated, when he came to Ohio. He settled on Scippo creek, in section five, where his grandson, Samuel H. Evans, now resides. He was possessed of considerable means, for a pioneer, on coming to this country, and lost, a short time after- wards, by a fire which destroyed his house, four hundred dollars in silver coin. He was a man of strong traits of character, and a good and worthy citizen. He was mar- ried twice. By his first wife he had two children—Jonas and Joseph. Jonas went to Indiana, and died there. Joseph remained in Pennsylvania. The second wife of Caleb Evans was Elizabeth Wiggins, who became the mother of nine children, viz.: William, David, John, Archibald, Caleb, Samuel, Ruth, Mary and Elizabeth. William and John settled in Licking county, Ohio. David went south, and nothing was learned of him after- wards, and Archibald died when young. Caleb died in Mexico, while serving as a soldier in the United States army. Samuel, the best known of the sons, in this county, was twice married: first to Susannah Hitler, by whom he had two children. The mother and both of the children died, within a few days of each other, of scarlet fever, which cases are said to have been the first in the county. Mr. Evans married for his second wife, Eliza- beth Hitler, sister of his first wife. Four children were the result of this union, of whom Samuel, living on the old homestead, is the only survivor. Samuel Evans, sr., died many years ago, but his wife, Elizabeth, only quite recently—July 28, 1879. In the spring of 1798, George Fryback and family left Bedford county, Pennsylvania, for Ohio, but, arriving at Waynesburg, the family stopped there while the father, on horseback, came on to Pickaway county, and, selecting a location on Scippo creek, in seetion seven, planted a few acres of corn. He camped there through the summer, and in the fall returned for his family. During his ab- sence, his corn was stolen. He changed his location to the mouth of Congo creek, the following spring, and re- mained there until the land came into market in 1801, when he entered the south half of section six. Mr. Fry- back died here in 1834. His son, John, married Lettitia Emerson, and resided on the homestead until his death, November 6, 1875, aged eighty-seven years and eight months, \ His wife died one year previous. Of their twelve children, eleven grew up, and eight are now living. The other children of George Fryback were Sally (Ander- son), Mary (Loofburrow), Catharine (Emerson), Ann (Jackson), Susannah (Robinson), Elizabeth (Barr), Lydia and George, all now deceased. Samuel and David Denny were among the earliest set- tlers of the township, although the particulars of their settlement we are unable to give. David had a black- smith shop on Congo creek, in section thirty-two. About 1800, or soon after, he removed to the Walnut plains, in Harrison township, and was the first settler in that lo- cality. Samuel Denny died in this township in 1822. John Roger and Jacob Greenough were among the MAJOR JOHN BOGGS, AND THE BOGGS FAMILY. There was some interesting history in the Boggs family before they left Virginia. The parents of Major John Boggs, John and Jane (Irwin), lived upon a small stream in Virginia, Which empties into the Ohio, named after them, ‘‘ Boggs’ run,” and, during the time of Indian trou- bles, took refuge in the fort at Wheeling. A dramatic incident in the family history was enacted while they were living at Boggs’ run. In- dians appeared at the place one day and surprised and captured the eldest son, William, within sight of the other members of the terror- stricken family. They intended to massacre or take captive the whole family; but, upon questioning the boy whom they had caught, and con- veyed to a secure place, they were told that there were seven or eight men at the house, and they considered this number too great for their band to venture out against. They had seen several men about the farm, during the day, engaged in harvesting, and supposed that Will- iam Boggs’ words were true, and that they all slept in the house at night —which was not the case by any means. The elder John Boggs was the only man there. This occurred in 1781 or 1782 when Major John Boggs was but six years old. The captive William was taken to West Liberty, near the present city of Urbana, Ohig, and kept there about nineteen months, when he was exchanged, and returned home. His father did not recognize him in his Indian habiliments, even after having an extended con- versation with him. Another son of John and Jane Boggs was killed on Ohio soil, just opposite Wheeling. He was returning, with half a dozen comrades, from a hunting ex- pedition, and they were en- camped for the night, when a band of Indians stole upon them, as they were sleeping, and fired into their midst. Boggs was wounded, but sit- ting, crippled, on the ground, made a desperate fight before he was finally dispatched, with a tomahawk. All of the rest of the party escaped. — John Boggs, the Major, was born May 10, 1775, and emigrated to Pickaway coun- ty, with his parents, in 1798. They came down the Ohio, in a keel-boat, to the mouth of the Scioto, and thence, by barge, up the latter stream, . to the station below Chilli- cothe, There they deft their boat,-and went up the stream, on foot, to a point within the present limits of Greene town- ship, Ross county, from which they could look far up the valley, upon a scene of the richest and most peaceful loveliness, But little did they then think of the teeming life that that lonely but fertile valley, should one day hold, or of the signs of industry, wealth, culture, and happiness, it was destined to display. They found that some pioneer had been here before them, and, as in the ethics of the early settlers, it was considered highly dishonorable to locate where an- other pioneer had made a beginning, however small, they went on, up the stream, to the Pickaway plains, where John Boggs, sr., selected a site, and subsequently entered six hundred and forty acres of land—that now owned by the heirs of Jacob Hitler and Jacob Ludwig. The son, John, went up Congo, to the place where stands the Logan elm, and where James T, Boggs now resides. After making his location, and preparing a rude home, he returned to Boggs run, Ohio county, Vir- ginia, and there married, in the year 1800, Sarah McMicken. He brought his wife to his new home, and there reared his family, living for a time in the log house, but, at an early day, probably in 1801 or 1802, building the house which is still standing. Major Boggs was very poor, and had to struggle hard for a living. He was a man of very in- dustrious habits, and did with a will whatever heundertook. He cleared up his farm, and toiled patiently in the work of improvement, against many disadvantages, but with ultimate success and satisfaction. He commenced boating in 1803, and took the first boat load of flour that was ever sent out of the Scioto, to New Orleans. He made three trips, and returned on foot, or on horseback, the whole distance from New Orleans to Pickaway township, passing through the Indian nation, and keeping a sharp look-out for robbers. He met with no mishap of bodily harm, and with but one loss of money. That was when a tavern-keeper, with whom he and his friend, Daniel Crouse, stopped, picked the lock of his saddle-bags, and took from them three hundred dollars in silver, with which he paid a debt to Crouse. Major Boggs never knew of his loss until he arrived at home, and, though he applied to the tavern-keeper,. ¢ who acknowledged his guilt, the money was never recovered. Mr. Boggs received the title of ‘‘Major” in the war of 1812. Through his industry, economy, and good management, he became owner of about © one thousand, eight hundred acres of land in Pickaway township, two ” f thousand acres in Indiana, and a large amount of personal property. Major Boggs was a man who had the universal respect of his neigh- . bors and acquaintances. Although not a member of any church, he - was a warm friend of religion, and contributed liberally to aid its pro- gress among the people. Politically, he was a Democrat, and a great». He died February 6, 1861, at the home | of his son, Moses. He had married his second wife, a sister of the first, Mrs. Jane (McMicken) Taylor, in Zanes- ville, and had been, for a numberof years, living in that place, when he was taken sick, and returned to Picka-. way township, as he said, to die. His first wife died, De- cember 31, 1851. His father died on the same day of the month as the son—February 6—1827, and it is a curious fact that, had they each lived until his next birthday, they. would have been, at the dates of their death, at precisely the same age—eighty-seven years. The descendants ot John Boggs and wife were: William, Jane, Lemuel, John, Nancy, Lydia, Moses, James, and Sidney (the latter, al- though the name might not | be understood to signify it, a daughter). William Boggs is in Bellefontaine; Jane, Mrs. F. Shelby, died in Indi- ana; Lemuel was killed in 1827, in the mill which his father built, about ten years before; John is living in Pick- away township, with his sec- ond wife, Lucy H., a daugh- ter of Judge Isaac Cook, of Ross county; his first wife was Mary Ann evans; she died in 1852. Mr. Boggs is one of the largest land-owners in Pickaway county having about two thousand eight hundred acres in the _ township in which he lives, and enough more in the west to make about nine thousand acres. Nancy Boggs died when quite young; Lydia is also deceased; Moses Boggs died December 7, 1863; he married Marga- ret S.,a daughter of Judge Cook, of Ross county, August 3, 1841, by whom he had seven children, two of whom are dead. John M., the eld- est, married Fanny S. Stearns, and now resides in Lafayette, Indiana; Lemuel, a resident of Circleville, farmer, substantial man of business, and owner of the Elmwood elevator, married Jennie Groce; Scott C., married Ada Shannon, and lives on the old homestead; William is in Lafayette, : Indiana, and Sally T, in Pickaway township. A view of the old home ot Moses Boggs appears in this work. James Boggs, youngest son of Major John Boggs, married Minerva Whitsel, and resides on the old homestead. They are the parents of five children: Mary (Mrs John Davenport), Taylor, who married Alva, daughter of Abel Jones, of Pickaway plains, Irwin, Samuel, and James. Sidney Boggs, youngest child and daughter of Major John Boggs and wife, married Dr. L. Jones, and is living in Lafayette, Indiana. admirer of ‘‘Old Hickory.” i nm [rete MUM AEE OE) I ‘al INT | Nt | I i iu “i 3 in = 2 T Ve = = VIEW LOOKING TOWARDS KINGSTON, EEMWOOD. RESIDENCE OF THE LATE MOSES BOGGS, PICKAWAY TP., PICKAWAY CO..0. PROPERTY OF LEMUEL BOGGS HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 267 first squatters on the “plains.” They afterwards settled in Washington township, in the history of which mention is further made of them. James Wilson came to Chilli- cothe in May, 1798, and soon after removed to the banks of the Congo, just above its junction with Scippo creek. He died June 8, 1799. He was a brother to the father of Rev. Robert G. Wilson, D. D., formerly president of the Ohio university. George Hitler, sr., and family, of Somerset county, Pennsylvania, came into the township in the spring of 1799. His family then consisted of his wife Susannah and four children— John, Catharine, Jacob, and George. He resided five or six years in Pickaway township, first locating on the lower plains, and then settled perma- nently in section thirty-three, Washington township. He died April 2, 1818, at the age of nearly fifty-five years, His wife survived him some thirty years. The children born in this county were Peter, Abraham, Elizabeth, Sa- rah, Susannah, Mary, and Joseph. Four are now living, viz.: George, in Circleville township; Mrs. Lane, Mrs. John Arnhart, and Joseph Hitler, in Indiana. Samuel Morehead came in from Kentucky about the same time as the Hitlers. He located first on the lower plains, but afterwards moved in the vicinity of Jefferson, where he resided for many years, finally removing to In- diana. John Gay, the father of Mrs. George Hitler, left Penn- sylvania for Pickaway county, with his family, in the fall of 1798. He came by boat, and was frozen in, on the Ohio, during the winter, and did not arrive until late in the spring of 1799. He made his location on Punkin run, and resided there until his death. He lived to the great age of one hundred and two years and ten months. Captain John Boggs, a native of Pennsylvania, re- moved with his family to Wheeling, Virginia, in 1771, and settled at the mouth of Boggs’ run, opposite Boggs’ island, near old fort Wheeling. He owned a little farm ‘on this island, from which he was often driven to the fort by the Indians. In 1796, he and his son, John, came to Pickaway to make a selection of land for settlement. They came down the Ohio in a keel-boat, to the mouth of the Scioto, then pushed up that river, with others, on a barge, to what was called “the station,” below Chilli- cothe. Here they Janded, and came on foot along the river, until they arrived at the place afterwards entered by Major Brink, now owned by Nelson Kellenberger, in Ross county. Here was a high, beautiful location, and the captain at once decided to fix his abode there. On making further explorations, however, he discovered four logs laid apparently for a foundation of a home, and con- sidering it unfair to dispossess the absent squatter of his “improvement,” he went on to section seven, in this township, where he made a location, and which he sub- sequently entered and made his permanent residence. He brought out his family in 1798, and erected his cabin a short distance east of the site of the present residence of James T. Boggs, and the old structure, erected in 1798, is yet standing. Captain Boggs subsequently moved to Scippo creek, on the hill above the present bridge, where he built a one-story brick house, one. of the first brick houses erected in the township. He died at the residence of his son, Major John Boggs, in 1829. Major Boggs settled on the farm now occupied by his son, James T., and erected the brick house thereon in 1816. Itis said, that in 1803, Major Boggs took the first flat-boat down the Scioto, loaded with flour, to New Orleans, although cargoes of pork and whiskey had been shipped down before. He made several trips to New Orleans, carrying his specie home on a “pack horse.” He served in the war of 1812, with the rank of major. He died at the residence of his son, Moses, Febru- ary 6, 1862, aged nearly eighty-seven. His first wife died December, 1851, and he subsequently married the widow of Captain James Taylor, of Zanesville, a sister of his first wife. Four of the children are now living, to wit: William, near Bellefontaine; John and James T., in’ Pickaway township; and Mrs. Jones, in Indiana. Moses died in 1863. His wife, who was Margaret Scott Cook, daughter of Judge Cook, still survives. Samuel Seall, sr., came from Pennsylvania in 1799, and located in Pickaway township, in section number nine, where he lived six or seven years, and then moved to Walnut township, and settled on eighty acres in section thirty-three. He died there in 1812. His son, Samuel, married Mary Gougar, in 1829, and followed blacksmith- ing, in the village of Jefferson, for a number of years. Afterwards, he bought and settled on a farm of two hun- dred and twenty acres, in Pickaway township, adjoining the farm on which his father first located. In the spring of 1845 he sold out, and settled in Washington township, on the place now occupied by his son, George, and re- sided there until his death, in the fall of 1870. Two of his three children are living—John, now county treasurer, in Circleville, and George, in Washington township, Pick- away county, Ohio. Thomas and John Barr came to Pickaway, from Penn- sylvania, at a very early date. Thomas located just east of where James T. Boggs now lives, and John on the place now occupied by Daniel Hitler. They were both men of more than ordinary intelligence and influence. Thomas was once associate judge of Pickaway county, and his brother a representative from this county to the legislature. Judge Barr died, September 21, 1830, aged fifty-eight years, and his wife, Sidney, February 23, 1869, aged eighty-five years and eight months. John Sharp, originally from Pennsylvania, came to Ohio, from Wheeling, Virginia, about 1799, settling in Chillicothe. For a few years he carried on a store there, and then located on a farm near the north line of Ross county, as now constituted. Shortly afterwards, he came to this township, and put upa cabin on the farm now owned by Abraham Jones. Being unable to enter the section on which he had located, he left his cabin, and moved to Congo creek, entering the half section now owned and occupied by his son, John D. Sharp—number thirty-two. ‘The log house which he erected here is still standing. He died in 1827, and his wife in 1840. John D., the‘only survivor of the family, resides a short dis- tance south of the old dwelling, and is now aged nearly seventy-seven, ’ 268 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. John Rush emigrated from Kentucky as early as 1797, settling for a few years on “high bank,” below Chillicothe. He then came to this township and located on Scippo creek, in section twelve, of the fractional portion of the township, where he continued to reside until the time of his death. Henry Nevill came into the township about 1800, and purchased a large tract of land on the Pickaway plains. Subsequently, he laid out the village of Jefferson, which prospered considerably until Circleville was started, when it declined. Mr. Nevill was wealthy, but by the erection of a large grist-mill upon the Scioto, on which, together with the dam, which caused him a great deal of trouble, by repeatedly breaking away, he expended an immense sum of money, and finally became financially embar- rassed. He was engaged for some years in trade in Jef- ferson, and subsequently in Circleville. He eventually moved to Illinois. Jonathan Ellis was an early settler where William Rush now lives. He was a cabinet maker and carpenter, and built the frame of the Boggs mill. He was also an early justice of the peace of Pickaway township. Matthew Ferguson was an early settler of this town- ship. He lived to the advanced age of ninety-nine years, dying November 2, 1848. His wife, Ann, died Decem- ber 24, 1851, aged eighty-seven years. Jacob Stingley came in from Ross county, in 1805, and entered the west half of section number eight, settled upon it, and resided there until his death. The land now constitutes a part of the farm of Abel Jones. Hugh Foresman settled on the plains in 1806. He was born in Ireland, December 11, 1748, and came with his’ parents, when three years of age, to Westmorland county, Pennsylvania, where he resided until his removal to Ohio. He-married Judeth Slocum, February 25, 1782, and had ten children—Jane, Ruth, John, William, Robert, Hugh, Mary, Judeth, Agnes, Jonathan, and Alexander. Jane became the wife of James Torbert, who came to Pickaway in 1808. Torbert was a man of local prominence, and was wealthy. Agnes (Mrs. McCrea), now residing in Circleville, is the only survivor of the family. She was born June 3, 1799, and married, September 16, 1819, Matthew McCrea, who died Sep- tember 4, 1847. They had a family of eight children, three of whom are now living, namely, Adam, proprictor of the Pickaway house, in Circleville; William, in Illi- nois; and George, in St. Louis. died in this township, December 17, 1811, and his wife March 12, 1813. Thomas Emerson moved in from Virginia in 1807, and located on Scippo creek, where his grandson, George Emerson, now lives—section eighteen. About the same time Gabriel Steeley moved in from Pennsylvania, and settled in the southwest part of section twenty, where the Wilsons now live. He was the father of seven children. John resided where Abram Penn now lives, and Meek on the homestead. John married Margaret Emerson. Two sons—Lemuel and Benja- min—now reside in the township. Edmund, Silas, and Jane, widow of Jesse B. Lutz, reside in Indiana. Nancy, Hugh Foresman, sr “a wife of James Rice, lives in Pickaway; and Margaret, wife of James Hayes, in Kingston. Jacob Wagner came to Ohio from Frederick county, Maryland, with his family, in the fall of 1807. He re- mained in Ross county one year, when he moved into this towhship and located where Otis Lutz now lives, in section thirty-one. He finally sold to David Crouse, and moved to Upper Sandusky, where he resided until his death. His son, Jacob Wagner, now aged eighty-three years, has resided in this township ever since he came, in 1808, He married Sarah Young, who died May 4, 1874. He has resided on the place he now occupies nearly forty years. James Hedges came from Berkeley county, Virginia, and located at Jefferson, in 1807. He married Miss Margaret Nevill, and resided in Jefferson until the fall of 1810, when he moved to Circleville. His father, Philip, and a cousin, Joseph, arrived a short time afterwards. They both married into the Nevill family, and Joseph became a partner of Henry Nevill, in the store at Jeffer- son, which was finally moved to Circleville. In October, 1808, William Caldwell and family moved to Ohio from Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, and lo- cated in Ross county, west of Kingston. After living through the winter in a cabin which he erected there, he came, in the following March, to Pickaway, and settled in section fifteen, where he resided until his death, in 1815. His wife survived him several years. Their son, John Caldwell, who came into the township with his parents in 1809, is still a resident of it. George Kellenberger and wife, Jemima (Rice), came from near Fredericksburg, Maryland, soon after the close of the war of 1812. He located a few miles below Chil- licothe, but subsequently came to Pickaway, and moved into the old house of Major Boggs. He finally pur- chased and settled in section thirteen, where his son George now lives. He died December 31, 1861, in his seventy-first year. His wife died December 25, 1865. Five sons were born to them, all now dead but two— Nelson, in Ross county, and George, on the old home- stead. . John Entrekin, then about twenty years of age, came to Ohio from Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, in the spring of 1798. He came with a party of eight men, who made the journey on horseback, over the mountains. The party made a location at the bend of the river, three miles above Chillicothe, and grubbed out about one hun- drd acres, which they planted to corn. In the fall they all returned to Pennsylvania, and those of them who had families moved out. John Entrekin brought out his parents, with his brother William and sister Martha, and made settlement where he had previously made an im- provement. Mr. Entrekin married Nancy Crouse, in December, 1801, and settled on the Kinnickinnick, on the farm now owned by Z. Downs. He continued a resident of Ross county until the spring of 1828, when he came into Pick- away, and settled where William W. Entrekin, his son, now lives, buying out a son of John McCutcheon, who came here in 1808, Colonel Entrekin died May Io, BENJAMIN SHELBY was born at what in early times was called “the station,” below Chillicothe, April 8, 1796. His parents, David and Mary (Williams) Shelby, were natives of Rockingham county, Virginia. David Shelby was one of the earliest pioneers in the Scioto valley, coming to Chillicothe with -General Massie’s party, and was one of the first settlers in Pickaway county. Sometime prior to 1800 he located in the township of Pickaway, where he afterward entered the west half of section three, erecting his cabin on the site of the red frame dwelling-house, now occupied by Silas Saxon, which he also erected as early as 1819. David Shelby was a man of prominence in the county. He was a member of the State legislature for twenty-one consecutive years, with the exception of one term, and was the first justice of the peace in the township of Pick- away, being elected to the office before Ohio was made a State, and serving a number of years. He died De- cember 25, 1845, at the age of eighty years. His wife died October 3, 1830, at the age of sixty-eight years. They were the parents of eight children: John, Joseph, Rachel, Hannah, Charity, Rezon, Benjamin, and Isaac. Hannah, now the widow of Rev. Joseph Curtis, and living in Illinois, is the only survivor. Charity, the only one of the family besides Benjamin, who settled in Pick- away county, was the wife of Henry Morris, and lived where her daughter, Mrs. Jacob Weaver, of Pickaway township, now lives. ‘ Benjamin Shelby, at the age of nineteen, went to Indi- ana, and lived with his uncle two years, during which he was engaged in boating on the Wabash, taking corn, pork, and flour from Evansville to Fort Harrison, now Terre MRS. BENJAMIN SHELBY. Haute, on a keel boat. He returned to Ohio, and com- menced flat-boating to New Orleans, in which he con- tinued twelve years, making two trips each year. In the fall he would buy cattle in Illinois and Missouri, which he would fatten and drive to Philadelphia or New York, and for many years was extensively engaged in this busi- ness. In 1823 he purchased, of Christopher Bartley, forty acres of land in section three, Pickaway township, including the. Bartley grist-mill, on Scippo creek. He afterwards bought, of Bartley’s heirs, the remainder of the quarter, and located where his daughter, Mrs. Stage, now lives. Mr. Shelby became a large land-holder, own- ing some sixteen or seventeen hundred acres in this county and in the west. He had command of a company of militia, in Indiana, and was subsequently appointed colonel of militia in this county. He married Nancy Enoex, and raised a family of five children, three of whom are now living. The eldest was Evaline, born March 28, 1825, married Jacob Reesor, and died in Illinois, October 9, 1869; Evan C., born August 25, 1828, married Elizabeth, daughter of James Rice, of Pickaway township, and resides in Circleville; Malinda H., born December 19, 1834, is the wife of Isaac W. Stage, and lives on the old homestead; David, born October 29, 1837, married Margaret Mason, and occupies the farm on which his grandfather settled ; John, born November 15, 1839, was shot, by accident, Decem- ber 25, 1871, and died three days afterward. Benjamin Shelby died May 4, 1876, and Mary, his wife, October 9, 1869. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 269 1842. His wife survived him, and died January 16, 1845. FIRST EVENTS. The first habitation erected in the township, save the huts and wigwams of the Indians, was probably the log cabin of Caleb Evans. It was located in section five, near the present site of the dwelling of Samuel H. Evans. The house was destroyed by.fire. The first white child born in the township, and probably the first in Pickaway county, was Mary Evans, daughter of Caleb and Eliza- beth Evans. The date of her birth was June 8, 1798. She became the wife of her cousin, Archibald Wiggins, and removed to Kentucky. The first death was that of James Wilson, who died June 8, 1799. In the fall of the same year Hugh Lynn died, and his was the second death in the township. His widow, who was a sister of Mrs. George Hitler, sr., subsequently married Samuel Morehead. The first blacksmith shop was kept by David Denny, established about 1800. Its location was on Congo creek, east of the log house of John Sharp. CHURCH ORGANIZATION. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The first Methodist class organized in the township was at Salem. A log meeting-house was built a short distance northeast of the site of the present house, in 1802 or 1803. Some of the members of the class were: John Parsons and wife, Michael Saylor and family, Henry Houston and family, Allen Parker and family, and David Crow and family. Rev. James Quinn, a circuit preacher, preached in the old house. The present church was erected in the fall of 1816. The stone for the founda- tion was hauled by John Clarence. It was built of logs, and subsequently weather-boarded. Meetings have ever since beén held in this house. The old structure, with its simple furniture, affords a striking contrast to the im- posing city churches of to-day. The circuit was origin- ally called Pickaway circuit; afterwards Circleville, and is now Kingston circuit. The present pastor is Rev. William C. Halliday. A Methodist class formerly held meetings in the school-house near the Evangelical church, and subsequently, for‘a number of years, in the church itself, Palestine church, in the northeast part of the township, was built about the year 1840, by a German Reformed and Lutheran society. The Methodists afterwards bought an interest in the building and held meetings there a number of years, the former society having disbanded. Services have not been held there for some years. A Presbyterian church was organized on the plains by the Rev. James Robinson, then of the Mount Pleasant church, in 1808. The church consisted of but few mem- bers, and never had any meeting-house or fixed location, and remained in existence only a few years. The meet- ings were usually held at the house of John Boggs or John Ball. In 1816 Mr. Robinson commenced preach- .ing one-third of his time in the Rawl school-house, near the present site of Emmett’s chapel. The Methodists also organized a society, on the plains, at an early date, and held their meetings alternately with the former church, in the school-house, until about the year 1835, when the two societies united in the erection of a brick church, on the hill, just south of Congo-creek bridge. It was used by them, alternately, for about ten years, when some difficulty arose between the two denominations, and the Methodists withdrew and provided another place of worship. Elias Reed, a leading member, bought the farm of John Rawl, and turned the dwelling into a meeting-house. The old building, built in 1816, is still standing, though greatly dilapidated. It was used by the society until 1852, when the present Emmett’s chapel (so named, in honor of the pioneer Methodist preacher, fa- ther Emmett) was built. The Presbyterians continued to use the brick church for a few years after the with- drawal of the Methodists, when, by reason of removals and deaths, their number became so reduced that preach- ing could not be supported, and the house was sold and taken down. THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH. The class was formed by Rev. John Dreisbach, in the year 1835. The first members were the officiating cler- gyman and his wife, Thomas F. Kraft and wife, Adam Boyer and wife, and John Kraft and wife. Abraham Dreisbach, who subsequently became a minister of the church, Isaac E., Catharine and Sophia Dreisbach, and Mrs. Eliza Steeley, were also early members, uniting soon after the organization was effected. The first meetings were held at the dwellings of the members, and after- wards in the log school-house, which stood where the frame school-house now stands, near the church. After the frame school-house was built, the society occupied it until the erection of their present church, in the summer of 1850. The building cost nine hundred and three dol- lars and sixty-one cents. It was dedicated December 22, 1850, by Bishop Joseph Long and presiding elder J. G. Zinser. Rev. Mr. Dreisbach preached for the class for a few years, and until the regular circuit preachers were appointed. John Heisler was leader of the class until 1840, when Isaac E. Dreisbach was appointed, and has continued its efficient head until the present. ‘The membership is now thirty-six. The preachers are C. M. Reinehold and A. Evans. A Sabbath-school was organ- ized soon after the church came into being, and has con- tinued through every summer since. Isaac E. Dreisbach is its present superintendent. EARLY BURIALS AND BURIAL PLACES, The first place within the township chosen for the in- terment of the dead, was the Boggs burying-ground, situated on a little eminence a short distance north of the residence of James T. Boggs. The first person buried there, whose grave is marked, was David Boggs, who died May 10, 1800, in the tenth year of his age. The next was Jacob Sayler, who died September 21, 1800, aged fifty-two years. William Morgan was buried there in September, 1807, aged three years; Henry Beau- champ, son of Risdon and Mary Beauchamp, in the same year, and his sister Rachel, aged five years, the following year. The first burials in the old, and now dilapidated, Jef- ferson burying-ground, were those of Nancy Evans, in 27.0 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND August, 1813; Willard Evans, in September of the same year; James Brotherlin, in December, 1813; and Eliza- beth Brotherlin, in April 1814. In the Salem burying-ground, Susannah Crow was the first person interred. She died July 8, 1809. Thomas Crow was buried here in January, 1814. Some of the earliest interments of the deceased pioneers of Pickaway, were made in the Mount Pleas- ant cemetery, in Ross county, a mile southwest of Kingston. The first grave was that of “Jane, wife of George Harrison, who died September 6, 1800, in the twenty-seventh year of her age.” The next was that of Jane Denny, who died in October, of the same year, in the sixtieth year of her age; Matthew Ferguson, jr., was buried in May, 1810; John Ferguson, in April, 1813; Rebecca Duncan, in December,, 1813; Hugh Foresman was buried in December, 1811, and his wife, Judeth, in March, 1814. EARLY SCHOOLS. Little that is definite can be learned in regard to the first schools in the township. The earliest schools were kept in unoccupied cabins, and derived their support from private subscriptions. One of the first schools was kept in a cabin which stood on the hill near Mr. Evans’, where the old graveyard now is. And one, also, in a log house, in the south part of the township, a short distance south- east of where J. .D. Sharp now lives. The first school in this house was taught by Jesse Bartlett, who came here from New England. He kept school here two or three years, and then settled in Ross county. The first school-house, as near as we can learn, was the Rawl school-house, which stood just east of Reed’s chapel—the old mecting-house. The first school in it was kept by Hugh Hannagan. The house was after- wards moved to near the place where James T. Boggs’ dwelling house now stands. The original log meeting-house built at Salem, in 1802 or 1803, was used, also, as a school-house. David Jones kept school there, and others, whose names cannot now be remembered. John Caldwell, who is still living in the vicinity, was a scholar in this school. PHYSICIANS. The first physician resident within the township, was Dr. William B. Gould, who resided at Jefferson, He settled there in 1802 or 1803, and practiced, with only moderate success, for about fifteen ycars, Dr. Daniel ‘Turney came to Jefferson in 1806. He studied medicine with Dr. Scott, of Chillicothe, and graduated in Philadelphia. He remained in Jefferson five or six years, when he removed to Circleville. Dr. Turney was a man of strong traits of character, superior professional attainments, and, in his day, was the leading practitioner of the county. He was born in 1786, and died in Columbus, in 1827. MILLS, The pioneers of Pickaway obtained their grist, at first, at what was called the floating mill, on the river, below Chillicothe. Mr. Jacob Hitler informs the writer that the mill consisted of two flat-boats, between which a PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. wheel was placed in rig. The whole was covered over with a kind of roof. The mill lay at anchor wherever the force of the current was sufficient to run the wheel. Subsequently, Crouse’s mill was erected on Kinnickin- nick, in Ross county, and the settlers then went there to mill. The grain was ground in’ the order of its recep- tion, and-the mill was so, crowded with business, that several days would often be required in going to mill and back. ‘There is now no mill in the township, but we will briefly mention a few that have had an existence. The first grist-mill was built on Scippo creek, by Daniel Dreisbach, about the year 1815. On the same stream Benedict Morris had a mill at an early day. Chrisropher Bartley erected a frame grist-mill on Scippo creek, about forty rods east of the road running past David Shelby’s, which he run until his death. Ben- jamin Shelby afterwards bought the mill of Bartley’s heirs, moved it down to the road, and rebuilt it. He afterwards added a saw-mill. The property was destroyed by fire in the fall of 1871. In 1819, Major John Boggs erected, near the mouth of Scippo creek, a frame grist-mill, of three run of stone, having previously erected a saw-mill at the same place. Major Boggs operated the mill until 1827. On Christ- mas day, of that year, his son, Lemuel Boggs, was caught in the machinery, and crushed to death. This terrible accident induced Major Boggs to sell a half interest in the mill to George Kellenberger, when he re- tired from the active control o the concern. There were a number of saw-mills on Scippo creek, in an early day, besides those already mentioned, but the particulars of their history the writer is unable to give. THE ELLENWOOD ELEVATORS « were erected by Lemuel Boggs, the present owner, in the fall of 1876. He built them more for his own'private convenience than to engage in the grain business in a general way; yet, from the first, the elevators have done a large business. Most of the farmers in the vicinity dispose of their grain there, receiving a price for it equal to that paid in Circleville, and save the toll required in going to the latter place. The first year Mr. Boggs shipped one hundred and ninety thousand bushels of corn, and now handles one hundred and fifty to two hun- dred thousand bushels of the same annually, and about seventy-five thousand bushels of wheat. At Tefferson, Henry Nevill erected, in the first settle- ment 11 the township, a wind-mill, the only one, it is sup- posed, ever erected in the State. It was used for “crack- ing corn,” for a time, but it was not very highly prized by its owner or his neighbors, and in after years was allowed to go down. It was a high structure, with long, broad wings, or fans, and was a terror to the farmers’ horses, which could hardly be driven within a hundred yards of it. THE OLD VILLAGE OF JEFFERSON, No history of the township would be complete without at least a brief reference to the thriving village which it once contained. Jefferson was laid out by Henry Nevill, awealthy Irishman, in 1803. Its location was near the OUSE FROM NORTH WEST PORCH. BELLEVUE. RESIDENCE OF W. W. ENTREKIN, PICKAWAY TOWNSHIP, PICKAWAY COUNTY, 0, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 271 north line of the township, in section six. Nevill opened the first store, which he carried on alone for a few years, when he took in Joseph Hedges as a partner. Another store was shortly afterwards established, by George Brown, who came in from Chillicothe. Other stores were subse- quently started, and at one time Jefferson could justly boast ofthe extent of her mercantile trade. The goods were brought from Philadelphia and Baltimore, in wagons drawn by six-horse teams. The founder of the village built the first tavern, which was first kept by one Bobst. The sign displayed the portrait of the distinguished author of the “charter of our liberties,” in whose honor the town was‘named. Henry Tom succeeded Bobst as landlord. The mention of his name, by old settlers, is always coupled with anecdotes of his prodigous strength. He was a man of stalwart frame, and with his hands would break a new bed-cord almost as easily as if it were made of straw. Joseph Adamson was the last proprietor of the house. He afterwards moved to Circleville, where he kept the Valley house. There were two other hotels built in Jef- ferson, one of which was the Caldwell house, kept by its owner, William Caldwell, and others. Besides the busi- ness places mentioned, there were the usual mechanic shops and other establishments necessary to a first-class town with a population of some three or four hundred. There were several physicians, the best and most favorably known of whom was Dr. Daniel Turney, of whom mention is made elsewhere. The only brick building erected im the place was the dwelling of Major Putoff, an officer in the war of 1812. The house was finally purchased by John B. Moore, who took it down and rebuilt it in Circleville, on Union street, opposite Colonel Anderson’s. It is now owned and oc- cupied by G. F. Wittich. The first courts held in the county were held at Jeffer- son, and a strong effort was made by the proprietor and inhabitants of the place to secure the location of the county seat. When this failed, the town began to go down, stores and many dwellings were moved away, and in 1840, the place had decreased to eighty-five inhabi- tants. single house (the old office of Dr. Turney, now the dwell- ing of Mrs. Kinmore) is left to mark its former site. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THE ENTREKIN FAMILY. James Entrekin, the original representative of his family in America, was a native of the Highlands of Scotland, and resided in «a mountain pass known as the Entrekin pass. His wife was from the north ot Ire- land, and was of Scotch-Irish extraction. She reached the great age of one hundred and three years. They came to America and settled in what is now the eastern part of Adams county, Pennsylvania. One son, William, with his entire famlly, was killed by the Indians at a small stream called Bloody run. James, the other son, married Eliza- beth Hall, who, like him, was of Scotch-Irish descent, and they settled near Gettysburg, upon the ground where the great battle was fought in the war of the Rebellion. Their children were three sons and four daughters, namely, James, John, William, Elizabeth, Jane, Ester, and Martha. No vestige of a town now remains, and only a ° John Entrekin, born April 22, 1778, moved with his father’s family, when fourteen years old, and in the year 1792, to Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania. In April, 1798, he removed, with eight others, to the northwest territory, and settled in Ross county. They traveled from Wheeling to Chillicothe by the bridle-path known as Zane’s trace, and saw only four houses while making their slow journey. John Entrekin and his eight friends cleared, that season, ninety-nine acres of land, which was afterward entered by Cryder, and is now known as the Dunn farm. After this was done, and a crop of corn raised, they all returned to their homes in Pennsylvania and made preparations to move their families to the new home.in the wilderness. They returned in October, 1798. John Entrekin was not married. The family con- sisted of the father, mother, John, William, and Martha. Mrs. Eliza- beth Entrekin died September 5, 1800, at the age of sixty-seven years, and was buried on the farm now owned by D. Umsted. Through this death the family was broken up. The husband returned to Pennsyl- vania and lived with his son James. Martha, the youngest daughter, went to Kentucky, and lived with her married sister, Mrs. James Parks, and there married Thomas McCutchen, a brother of John McCutchen, who lived and kept a tavern near where William W. Entrekin now re- sides. William Entrekin returned to Pennsylvania, where he died in 1854, in the month of July. On December 25, 1801, John Entrekin married Nancy Crouse, a daughter of John and Catharine Crouse, who emigrated to Ross county with their entire family, in April, 1798, and settled there permanently. John Crouse and wife were both born near Baltimore, Maryland, he on the thirteenth of January, 1759, and she on the first of May, 1764. He was of German extraction, and she of Welsh. Mr. Crouse purchased, in 1798, the mill erected by Wiliam McCoy and John D. Rush, on Kinnickinnick, in the same year—the first mill in the Scioto valley. Mr. Crouse died September 5, 1847, at the age of eighty-eight years; and his wife September 12, 1845, aged eighty-one years. He served his country with great credit in the Revo- lutionary war. John Entrekin was one of the prominent men of Ross and Pickaway counties. His life up to 1828 was identified with the former county. By crumbling papers, yellow with age, now in the possession of William W. Entrekin, we obtain the dates of some of the events of his life. The oldest is one which is dated ‘‘January 14th, 1802, Territory of the United States Northwest of the Ohio,’ appointing John Entrekin as captain of a company of militia of the First regiment of the county of Ross. A little later he received the following lerter, which serves to show that it meant something to belong to the militia in those days: “CHILLICOTHE, May 20, 1803. ‘*Sir:—You will please immediately to inform your neighborhood that the In- dians are in force on our frontiers, and that they ought immediately to arm and equip themselves for the defense of the neighborhood, and be ready to obey such further orders as they may receive. Z “G. LANGHAM. “Tt is certain they have killed Captain Herod. : “Jesse PreNTISS.” Fortunately for the subject of our sketch, and for the people of Chilli- cothe and vicinity, the attack at this time apprehended did not take place. Mr. Entrekin received his commission as captain of the Second com- pany, First battalion, First regiment, Second brigade, of the Territorial militia in 1809. It bears the date March 24th, and the signature of Sam- uel] Huntington, then governor. In June, 1817, he received from Governor Thomas Worthington, a no-, tification of appointment as major of the Second regiment, and only a few days later he was made lieutenant-colonel. November 13, 1818, he was made colonel of the Third regiment, Third brigade, Second division. Mr. Entrekin was three times appointed justice of the peace: in 1815 by Governor Worthington, in 1819 by Governor Ethan A. Brown, and in 1822 by Governor Allan Trimble. He was Ross county's representa- tive in the legislature in 1821. Mr. Entrekin’s was one of the half-dozen families which composed the society of the Mt. Pleasant Presbyterian _ church, the first church in Ross county. During the war of 1812, he performed considerable very arduous ser- vice for his country. He at first had charge of a company of horse, in the Auglaize country, whither he was sent to aid in the relief of Fort Defiance. He returned from there to Chillicothe, and in the following fall and winter had charge of the force which guarded the wagon trains which transported supplies from the then capital to Upper Sandusky, and also had charge of the business in a commercial way. Toward the close of the war, he was captain of a company of infantry. After the close of the war, in 1814, he had an adventure with some Indians, near Little Sandusky, and the sword which saved his life from their knives is now in the possession of his son. After the war he engaged in farming and other business, and estab- 272 lished his sons in the occupation of cattle breeding and dialing. He moved from Ross county to Pickaway township, Pickaway county, in March, 1828, and first lived in a log and frame house which stood just south of the present residence of William W. Entrekin. He was elected common pleas judge of Pickaway county, by the Legislature, in 1838, and served until his death. He died May 10, 1842, at the age of sixty- four years, from a surgical operation performed by Dr. Mussey, of Cin- cinnati. He was aman of great activity and force, influential, highly respected, generous and just. Mrs. Entrekin was born Fe’.ruary 16, 1783, and died January 16, 1845, at the age of sixty-one. The children of John and Nancy Crouse Entrekin, were four sons and six daughters: Elizabeth, James, Catharine, John, William W., Dan. Crouse, Pheraby, Diantha, Jane and Nancy Crouse. Elizabeth was born January 4, 1803; married James McCoy; died August 23, 1872. James was born October 18, 1804; he married Margaret Stecle, land after her death, married Elizabeth Shirley; died October 19, 1875; Cath- arine, born November 1, 1806; married John Carter, of Nicholas county, Kentucky, and died in Missouri, November, 1867; John was born April 9, 1809, and now resides in Saline county, Missouri; he married Frances More, now deceased; William W. was born March rz, 1812; he mar- ried Jane Bell, daughter of Thomas anc Ruth Bell, of Circleville; their children were John Rockwell, born October 1, 1844; Creaton, born March 24, 1847; Flora Bell, born September 18, 1849, and Tacy Crouse, born February 24, 1862. William W. Entrekin is the only son of John Entrekin now living in the State. He is a large landholder, and prom- inent farmer of Pickaway township, and has been a successful man in varied and extensive affairs of business. His influence and activity have been largely instrumental in securing to the people of the Scioto valley a railroad, and he has labored to bring about the construction of others, which, if ever completed, will be of great advantage to the country. His residence (subject of illustration) is one of the beautiful homes of the southern part of the county, and was built by him with funds furnished by his father, in 1840. He isa member of the Presbyterian church, as are also all the members of his family. In politics, he was, originally, an old line Whig, but since 1854 has belonged to the Republican party. Dan. Crouse, next younger, bother of William W., was born Sep- tember 21, 1814, and is now living in Independehce, Jackson county, Missouri. He married Jane Torbet. Pheraby was born May 25, 1817. She was first married to Russell D. Rockwell, but is now living with her second husband, Abram Jones, one mile south of Kingston, in Ross county. Diantha was born August 1, 1819, and married Dr. A. W. Thomp- son, of Circleville. She died August 22, 1858. Jane, born January 30, 1822, died in infancy. Nancy Crouse, born December 8, 1831, is living with her brother, in Independence, Missouri. JOHN CALDWELL, seventh child of William and Jane (Moore) Caldwell, was born in Hunt- ingdon county, Pennsylvania, February 5, 1800, His parents were na- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. tives of the same county, but of Irish ancestry, and emigrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio, with their family, in October, 1808, locating, first, about a mile west of Kingston, on the old Lancaster road. In March, 1809, Mr. Caldwell removed to Pickaway township and settled on the west half of section fifteén, where he resided until his death, March 21, 1815, aged fifty-two years. Mrs. Caldwell died September 1, 1823. They were among the early members of the Mount Pleasant Presbyterian church, in Ross county, of which Mr. Caldwell was elected a ruling elder, and ordained to that office August 7, 1811. Their chil- dren, besides John, with the dates of their birth, were as follows: James and David, twins, born July 28, 1787; Robert, born January 25, 1790; Samuel, born June r4, 1792; William, born August 29, 1794; Elizabeth (Mrs. Elias Benton), born June 12, 1797; Daniel, born July 9, 1802; Joseph, born May 1, 1804; Johnson, born January 12, 1805. John Caldwell, the subject of this sketch, married, January 24, 1828, Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Monnett, and resided on the homestead until 1855, when he moved to the place where he now lives. Mrs, Caldwell died June 22, 1838. By this marriage there were seven children, as follows: Elizabeth Jane, born February 23, 1829, married Dwight Calhoun, October 29, 1848, and now lives near Kenton, Hardin county, Ohio; has six children. Isaac M., born February 2, 1830, married Sophronia Morris, November 7, 1852, died May 4, 1863, in camp, near Memphis, Tennessee. His widow, with three children, lives in Pickaway township, Pickaway county, Ohio. Robert, born February 22, 1831, married Cynthia Pinneo, August, 1856. He now lives in Sheldon, Illinois; has three children. William Lewis, born March 12, 1832, married Alvina Tobias, October, 1860, and died July 8, 1876. His widow lives in Sheldon, [llinois, and has five children. Amos B., born December 17, 1833, married first, Margaret Pinneo, and second (February 13, 1866), Lovinia Holmes, and is now a resident of Sheldon, Illinois. He has five children, one by his first wife. John Wesley, born February 11, 1835, married Virilla Shoecraft, June, 1867. He is at present superintendent of public works, of Seymour, Indiana. He has one child living, and one deceased. Sarah B., born June 22, 1837 ; died, March 19, 1838. Mr. Caldwell was married November 12, 1839, to Rebecca McClel- lan, daughter of Thomas and Ann (Kinnear) McClellan, who was born February 13, 1810. The fruit of this marriage was three children, the eldest of whom, born August 19, 1840, died in infancy. Ann Maria, born November 24, 1841, is unmarried, and is at present a teacher, with her brother, in the schools at Seymour, Indiana. Thomas McClel- lan, the youngest, was born June 20, 1843, and died September 23, 1852. Mr. Caldwell has filled the office of township clerk of Pickaway for a number of yeats, and served as justice of the peace three successive terms, beginning in 1836. He has given all of his children a fair edu- cation, two of whom—John Wesley and Ann Maria—having graduated, in 1861, respectively, at Ohio Wesleyan university, and Ohio Wesleyan female college, Delaware, Ohio. Mr. Caldwell is a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is a liberal supporter, and enjoys the universal respect of his fellow citizens. CALDWELL. MRS. JOHN JOHN CALDWELL. RESIDENCE OF JOHN CALDWELL, Pickaway TP. PICKAWAY Co.,0. WALNUT? Bounded on the north by Madison township, on the east by Fairfield county, on the south by Washington and Circleville townships, on the west by the Scioto river, and on the northwest by Walnut creek, lies Walnut, one of the most fertile and productive townships in Pickaway county. It contains a large proportion of excellent corn land, and produces, also, abundant crops of wheat, oats, and grass. The surface is generally undulating, though the eastern part of the township is considerably more rolling than the western and central portions. The highest point is Ringgold, where an elevation of over five hundred feet above Circleville is attained. There are several mounds and ancient remains in the township, the most interest- ing of which are found near Ringgold. In a timbered piece of land on the farm of Mr. Snyder, are three mounds, of conical shape, in a nearly straight line east and west,.and only a few rods from each other, each from twelve to fifteen feet in height. A few rods to the east of these mounds is a slight depression in the surface of the ground, in the form of an exact circle, of about two hundred feet in circumference and four or five feet in width. Old residents report that the ditch, when first seen by them, forfy or fifty years ago, was several feet deep, and that it was surrounded by an embankment, but no traces of this are now discernible. On the farm of Mrs. Spade, in the same vicinity, is a similar specimen of antiquity, though the ditch is less distinct. The mounds above described are hollowed out, and are full of stone, and in the early settlement of the township were inhabited by countless numbers of snakes, of almost every variety of species, and the place was called ‘snakes’ den,” and it is still so designated. The reptiles would crawl out in the spring of the year and infest every portion of the township during the summer, re- turning to their nests in the fall, and such a pest did they become, that it was necessary, finally, to attack them in their nests and destroy them. WATER COURSES AND TIMBER. The principal stream is Little Walnut creek, which flows a general east and west course through the town- ship, uniting with Walnut creek in section eighteen. Its main branch is Turkey run, which, rising in Fairfield county, enters the township on section thirteen, flows in a westerly direction until it reaches section sixteen, when its course lies northwest, entering the parent stream in the north part of that section. The original varities of timber consisted principally of *We are indebted to Jabez Hedges for much information furnished in the preparation of this history. 35 walnut, maple, oak, butternut, hickory, and a large pro- portion of wild cherry of splendid growth, many of the trees measuring five or six feet through. There was also a great deal of buckeye, but it was not valued as timber, and the tree proved very unwholesome to the cattle, which ate freely of the branches and nuts, and sickened, and sometimes died, in consequence. SETTLEMENT. Tradition relates that several years prior to the arrival of the first settler, a company of six men, from Virginia, had visited the township, making the journey in a canoe. They started out to explore the country with the view of selecting a place for settlement, and halted only when they reached section sixteen in what is now Walnut town- ship, Pickaway county. Here they made an encamp- ment, cleared off a small piece of ground, trapped and hunted a few months, and then returned to Virginia. When the pioneer, Williamson, came he erected his cabin on the spot where the party had camped. The pioneer settler in Walnut was William Williamson, who came into its forests from Hampshire county, Vir- ginia, in the spring of 1797 or 1798. He leased some school land in section sixteen, and, assisted by his broth- ers, Cornelius and John, who came out with him, erected acabin and put in six or seven acres of corn, on land now constituting a part of the farm of Joshua Hedges. In the fall they returned to Virginia, and the following winter William brought out his family, consisting of his wife and one small child. The parents performed the entire journey on foot, carrying the child in their arms, while the few goods they had were transported on a pack- horse. Williamson’s cabin stood on the site of the old log-and-frame dwelling of Jabez Hedges, about thirty rods northeast of the present brick residence of Joshua Hedges. Tere he lived until 1812, when he bought the northwest quarter of section fifteen, to which he removed, and which he made his permanent residence. William- son was born in Hampshire county, Virginia, June 23, 1768, and was, consequently, about twenty-eight years of age when he came into the township. He died June 17, 1844, and is buried in the old burying-ground, a short distance north of where he first lived. His wife, Sarah, died October 13, 1831, aged fifty-two years. The names of the children of this pioneer family, mentioned in the order of their births, are as follows: John, Eliza, Maria, Hiram, Mary, Mahala, and Jackson—all born in this township, with the exception of John. Eliza became the wife of John Kimble; Maria, of Jabez Hedges; Mary, of Williamson, her cousin; and Mahala, of The- ophilus Nicholson. Cornelius Williamson and family (273) 274 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. moved out a short time after his return to Virginia, and located near the site of the old graveyard previously mentioned. A child died soon after, and the family, thinking the new country sickly, went back to Virginia, In about 1830, however, they came out again, and made a permanent settlement. John Williamson, sr., father of William and Cornelius, with his family, joined the settle- ment in 1815. William and Joseph Buck and their families, originally from Pennsylvania, removed to this State from Kentucky, and arrived in the township about a year after Williamson. William took a lease, for seven years, of about thirty acres in section sixteen. At the expiration of his lease he re- moved from the township, going south, somewhere on the Mississippi river. Joseph Buck entered one hundred and sixty acres in section eighteen, where he resided until his death, about 1808. His life was cut short by acci- dent. He was testing a mowing scythe, which he had just “hung,” when Henry Reader, his neighbor, passing by the field in which he was at work, was asked to stop and try it. Hedid so. The first stroke he made the scythe choked, and, in forcing it through the grass, the point struck Buck, who was standing near, in the back of the leg, just above the knee. An artery was severed and he bled to death in the field before surgical aid could be obtained. James Martin settled, as early as 1798, in section thirty-three, on land now occupied by John Reber. Mr. Martin came from Pennsylvania. He had two sons and several daughters, one of whom became the wife of An- drew Cradlebaugh, a former resident of Circleville, and whose son, Colonel John Cradlebaugh, was a prominent member of the bar of that city. Abraham Crist settled, about the year 1800, where Ste- venson Peters now lives. He had a saw-mill there in an early day, with a run of stone for grinding. The ma- chinery was run by a tread-wheel, propelled by a yoke of oxen. He had also a small distillery, which he operated until his death—in 1833 or 1834. He was taking a load of whiskey to Circleville, and while watering his team at Hargus creek, the horses became frightened in some way and ran over him, causing his death. William Ward and family came from Pendleton county, Virginia, in the spring of 1802. ‘The family consisted of his wife and seven children; a married daughter remain- ing behind. ‘They came to Wheeling by wagon, and thence on a flat-boat to Portsmouth. [rom Portsmouth they journeyed, through the almost trackless forest, with team and wagon. Ward settled on three hundred acres in section seventeen, and moved into a cabin until then occupied by William Buck, a squatter, who vacated on the arrival of Ward. ‘The daughter, Elizabeth, with her family, came out about a year afterward, and re- mained about two years on section eight, when they returned to Virginia. ‘The other children were Charles, William, Robert, Mary, James, George, and Richard. Charles, William, George, and Robert settled in Fairfield county. Mary died unmarried. James married Eliza- beth Brobst, and settled on a part of the old homestead. He diced in 1863. Four of his sons live in this town- ship—William, Peter, Josiah, and Daniel. Richard Ward married Mary Rout, and settled on the old home- stead. Two sons—William Harvey and Sidner J.—are at present residing in Walnut. In 1803 John Morris moved in and settled on a quarter section in number thirty-three, the farm being now owned by Johnson Bowman. The only settler then in this por- tion of the township was James Martin, who adjoined him on the north. Morris occupied his original location until his death, A son—Ezekiel—resides in Washing- ton, aged seventy-eight years, and James in Walnut. John died June 5, 1877, and his widow occupies the farm. Thomas Longworth settled a short distance north of the present residence of John Haas, near where the old graveyard now is, in about 1803. He had a large fam- ily, but none of them are now left. Joshua Hedges, with his wife, and eleven children, came into the country in 1804. They came with team and wagon from Berkeley county, Virginia, their native place, to Brownsville, Pennsylvania, a town on the Mo- nongahela river. There they loaded everything on toa flat-boat, and traveled thus to Marietta, and thence by wagon, over the rough and almost impassable roads, to Zanesville. Their household goods, which were packed in eight or nine large trunks, were left at Marietta, to be shipped up the Muskingum. The shipping agent neg- lected to send them for several weeks, leaving them exposed to the weather, and the goods were utterly de- stroyed. The family went to Lancaster in Fairfield county, where they made a temporary location, arriving the seventeenth day of May, of the above year. Mr, Hedges died there the same summer, and in the fall the family came to Walnut. They put up a cabin on section nine, which, with other lands, the father had entered, and moved into it on Christmas day. In 1812, Mrs. Hedges married Henry Dreisbach, of Pickaway township, and moved with him to Bloomfield, where they kept a tavern. The children of Joshua Hedges were Joshua, jr., John, Obed, Jabez, Cynthia, Phebe, Rhoda, Julia, Cyrus, Mor- gan and William. All are now dead but Jabez. He was born December 28, 1789, near Martinsburg, Virginia. He married Maria Williamson, and first settled on Wal- nut creck, but in 1829 moved to his present location in section sixteen. His wife died May 13, 1868, and he now lives with his son Joshua. Mr. Hedges was a vol- unteer for a few months, in the war of 1812, but lay sick most of the time at Fort McArthur. William ‘Tallman, a Pennsylvanian, settled where Ab- salom A. Peters now lives, section twenty-four, about the year 1805. He possessed considerable means when he arrived, and subsequently owned a large amount of land. He died in Royalton, Fairfield county, but his body was brought to Walnut, and buried on the farm. He was the father of Judge George Tallman, formerly a resident of New Holland, this county. Richard Hooker, son-in-law of Tallman, came from Brownsville, Pennsylvania, in 1805, and settled a short distance north of Ringgold, where he resided until some time after the war of 1812, when he returned to Penn- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 275 sylvania. He was a man of superior ability, and served several terms in the State legislature. Jacob Hoover, from Pendleton county, Virginia, came to Ohio in 1805. He entered the southeast quarter of section five, and settled where his son, Christian Hoover, now lives. The old log cabin, into which the family moved so long ago, is still standing, but not in its original location. He died there in 1825, aged forty- seven. Mrs. Hoover lived until the age of eighty-four, having died only a few years since. Their children were: Sarah (now Mrs. Aucker); Elias (deceased); Elizabeth; ‘Martha (deceased); Christian; Ann M.; Mary, wife of Lewis Rhodes; Peter (dead); and Nancy, wife of Philip Glick. Alexander Frasier, a Scotchman, located on the same section, soon after Hoover; finally went to Madison township, where he died. In 1806, Joash Miller and family came from Berkeley county, Virginia, into Walnut, and made their location where Jacob Hines now lives. A son, Joseph, married Phebe Hedges, and settled on the place now occupied by Elkanah Humble. Peter Miller married a daughter of Lewis Scothorn, and occupied a part of the old home- stead. Jacob Hines and Elkanah Humble married daughters of Joash Miller. Benjamin Bowman and family came from Greene county, Pennsylvania, in 1802, and settled on the Picka- way plains, where he remained several years, and then came to Walnut and entered a quarter section, where his son John now lives. He died September 29, 1816, and was buried on the farm. He had eight children, two of whom —John and Mrs. Joseph Bowman—are among the oldest residents of*the township. John married Ruth, daughter of William Brown, and has raised a fam- ily of eight children, as follows: Harriet (Mrs. Grand- staff) resides in Indiana; Emily is the wife of Harvey A. Blue; Benjamin,.residing in Illinois, and William, de- ceased, were both, formerly, auditors of Pickaway county; Eliza (Mrs. Newman), Mary Jane (wife of William M. Peters), and Richard M. J., reside in Walnut. William Brown and family, his son Samuel and family, and several sons-in-law and their families, came from Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, in the fall of 1806. Mr. Brown, sr., entered considerable land in Walnut township, and divided it among his sons. After residing in the township many years he removed to Hancock county, and died there, at the age of more than ninety years. All of his children, after living in the township for longer or shorter periods, moved to Hancock county, ‘with the exception of William, who permanently settled in Walnut, and Mrs. B. Brown, who went to the coal regions. Two children of William Brown, jr., now live ‘in Walnut, viz.: William, on the homestead, and Mrs. John Bowman. Obed died April 2, 1866, but his widow (Delilah Snyder) is still living. Lewis Scothorn settled on Turkey run, in section four- teen, in 1806. He came from Rockingham county, Vir- ginia, bringing his family and goods on pack-horses. He was a very successful hunter, and many a deer fell a vic- tim to his unerring rifle. He dressed their skins and made them into moccasins, which he found a ready mar- ket for among the settlers. He died in Fairfield, in 1816. His widow subsequently went to Hancock county, where she died at an advanced age. His son, Lewis, a resident of the township, was born January 31, 1812, and married Susannah Westenhaver, who died in May, 1850. Another son, Joseph, married Hannah Crum, and, subsequently, purchased and settled where Ashton White- head lives. He finally removed near Ashville, and made a permanent location on land now owned by Ezra Hedges. Jacob Beery was the earliest settler in the northeast part of the township. He arrived from Northampton county, Pennsylvania, in 1807, and settled where his son, David Beery, now lives, where he continued to reside until his death, in 1845. His widow died in March, 1866, having reached the advanced age of nearly eighty- eight years. Their three children—Sarah, Lydia and David—came in with them, and they all subsequently married into the family of Jacob Scleich. The wife of David (Harriet Scleich) died January 18, 1863. They had ten children, nine of whom are living. J. C. Peters came from Berkeley county, Virginia, near Winchester, in 1808. He settled in Walnut, and resided here until 1825, when he moved to Madison township, on section thirty-three. William L. Peters still lives on the southeast quarter of the same section. Mr. Peters was married twice, and had, by his first wife, fourteen children, and by his second, two. William Peters mar- ried Susannah Hoffhine, and to them have been born six children: John N., Harriet A., George S., Francis J., Edward A. and James P. Mr. Peters had one child (now dead) by a previous marriage. George Brinker, then eighteen years of age, came to Ohio in 1810. After working out by the month for some time, he married Mary Shope, and settled on the south- east quarter of section number three, which, with other lands, his step-father had taken up and failed to pay for. He was twice married, and was the father of twelve chil- dren. His mother married, for her second husband, Jacob Shaffer, and they were early settlers in Madison township. They moved from thence to Upper Sandusky, where he died, and she’came to Walnut, and died at the house of her son, George, whom she survived. Two sons of George Brinker—Barnabas and George, jr.—re- side in Walnut. John Peninger and family, Jesse Morral and Mary Harrold, came from Pendleton county, Virginia, in 1810, and about the same time William Morral and his family. Peninger settled on Dry run, near Emanuel church. Jesse Morral and Miss Harrold were united in marriage soon after their arrival, and their marriage is the second recorded in the records of Pickaway county. He first located in section twenty one, but afterwards moved to the southeast quarter of section sixteen. He subsequently lived in Harrison and Madison townships, but finally came back to Walnut, and died on the Hoover place, in 1824. His wife died in 1831. They raised two children, Robert J. and Fidelia, several having died in infancy. Robert married Martha Hott, and settled where he now 276 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. resides, on section seventeen. ‘Fidelia became the wife of William Smith, and lives in Illinois. Henry Hott, father of Mrs. Morral, with his family, and several brothers, came from Hampshire county, Virginia, in 1812. He located on the northwest quarter of section eighteen, on land now owned by Ezra Hedges, and re- sided there until his death. Two of his brothers settled in Harrison township. George Groce, a native of Maryland, and his wife, Cath- arine, emigrated to Ohio, directly after the close of the war of 1812. He first located at Circleville, and built the third house in the town. A few years after, he set- tled in Walnut, where his son, Allen Groce, now lives. He died in October, 1857, aged nearly seventy-six; his wife’s death occurred many years previous. John, Allen and Amos, his sons, now reside in Walnut, and a daugh- ter, Mrs. Samuel Crites, lives in Fairfield county. Charles Duryea emigrated from Cumberland, Mary- land, to this township, with his family, about the year 1812. He never owned any land, and frequently changed his location. Thomas, his son, married Nancy William- son, daughter of John Williamson, and first located a short distance northeast of Nebraska. Benjamin Trone, in 1813, when thirteen years old, came from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, to Walnut, and the same year his father and family came from New Jersey, and settled on the southwest quarter of section eleven. A number of years after he sold his farm to his son, Asa, and after a residence of some twelve years in Royalton, removed to Circleville. Benjamin settled on eighty acres of his father’s farm. He died in 1860. He was twice married, and was the father of seven children, of whom Harvey and Asa now reside in the township. His widow, aged seventy-three, lives with her son, Asa. Paul Cromley settled where his son, Jonas, now lives, in section ten, in 1813. He came, with his family, from Lehigh county, Pennsylvania. His surviving children are: Jonas, the eldest of the family, now aged seventy- six; William, sr., and Mary, widow of Peter Hoover. Stephen died in 1871, aged sixty-five; Elizabeth died un- married; Catharine married Peter Westenhaver. The youngest son was Thomas, Paul Cromley purchased his land on which he first located of James and John Crom- ley, who were also early settlers here. Hugh Creighton, a native of Ireland, moved to this State from Pennsylvania, in 1804. He resided two or three years at Zanesville, and then settled in Bloomfield, this county. In 1816, he came to Walnut, and bought of Jeremiah Smith one hundred acres in the southeast part of section nine, now owned by Mrs. Peter Hoover. He subsequently located on Walnut creek, in the north- west part of the township, and, with his son, Samuel, built the mills now owned by Mr. Spindler. He finally moved to Fairfield county, near Lithopolis, where he died, in 1858, in his eighty-fifth year. His wife was eighty-seven at her death, surviving her husband eight years. They had four sons, and a daughter, now widow of Cyrus Hedges, and residing in Walnut. Two of the sons sur- vive—Samuel, in Lithopolis, and Joseph, a Methodist minister, at present presiding elder of the Chillicothe William, the oldest, was among the early pio- neers of Iowa. Henry was murdered by his wife, in January, 1877. She was convicted of manslaughter, and sentenced to the State penitentiary for three years. Tunis Peters came from Hampshire county, Virginia, in the fall of 1817, and spent the following winter in a cabin which stood on the farm now owned by George Keiger. In the spring of 1818 he bought and settled on eighty acres in section thirty-five, now owned by Amos Groce. In his later years he removed to Logan, Hocking county, where he died in 1826. His son, Absalom A. Peters, aged seventy-six years, resides in Walnut, within half a mile of the site of the cabin in which he spent his first winter in Ohio, sixty-two years ago. Michael Blue emigrated to Ohio from Hampshire county, Virginia, in 1812. He resided a number of years in Fairfield county, and then came to ‘Walnut. He died at the residence of his son John, at the age of nearly eighty years. His wife survived him five or six years, and died at the age of eighty-two. Their children were: Tunis, deceased; Francina, now widow of John Williams, living in Illinois; Jonathan, in Harrison township, Picka- way county, unmarried; Harvey A., who married Emily Bowman, and is a resident of this township; Louisa and Michael, who died young; Abigail (deceased), who was the wife of Henry Whitemer, of East Ringgold; Cathar- ine, deceased; Absalom, living in Illinois; Deborah, who became the wife of John Smith; John, resident of Fair- field county; and William, dead. Samuel Peters and family came from Baltimore, Mary- land, during the war of 1812, and settled in Fairfield county, where he died in 1829, and his wife Mary in 1861, in her eighty-eighth year.”. They had thirteen chil- dren, viz.:: Henry, Robinson J., Nathan, Wesley, Rachel, Stevenson, Leah, Mary, Andrew, Gideon, Elizabeth, Louis S., and Ebenezer. Rachel is now the widow of William Brumfield; Leah is the wife of Broad Cole; Mary is the widow of Daniel Walters; Elizabeth is the wife of New- ton Williamson. All the children are living except Gid- eon, who died February 26, 1844, and nine of them are each over seventy years of age. Jacob Westenhaver came to Ohio from near Martins- burg, Virginia, in 1806. He spent the first winter with his father-in-law, Joash Miller, in this township, when he went to Chillicothe, and remained for a short time. He then located in Jefferson, Pickaway township, this county, and subsequently Settled in Circleville, where he erected one of the first buildings in the town. He finally came to Walnut and settled in section three, and died there in 1847, his wife surviving him. They were the parents of eight children, three of whom—Mrs. Ashbroon, Mrs. Culp, and Emanuel-—reside in Walnut. Zachariah Pritchett, his wife, and two children, came to Ohio from Sussex county, Delaware, in 1824, per- forming the journey with a horse and cart. They re- mained near Kingston, Ross county, until fall, when they went to Harrison township and located on Walnut creek. Subsequently they came to this township and purchased eighty acres in section twenty-one, where John Reber now resides. ‘They removed to their present location in district. . HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 277 the fall of 1836, where the’ father died in March, 1877. Isaac Weaver settled in Walnut, on the farm now owned by Emanuel Snyder, in the winter of 1827. His parents came from Rockingham county, Virginia, when he was ten years of age, and settled in Richland county, Ohio. He resided there until he was twenty-five years of age, when he married Sarah Fetters and removed to this township. He lived in Walnut until the fall of 1869, when he sold to Mr. Snyder and moved to Circleville, where he now resides, at the age of seventy-eight? He is the father of nine children—David, Louisa, Philip, William, John, Elizabeth, Mary Jane, Susannah, and Samuel. David is engaged in merchandising at Ne- braska, in this township; Louisa (afterwards Mrs. Matthew Kelley), is deceased; Philip is a farmer, and resides in this township; William is one of the firm of Lynch & Weaver, grocers, in Circleville; John lives in Arkansas; Elizabeth resides in Walnut, and is the wife of Norman Peters; Mary Jane is the wife of Thomas Stofer, of Circleville; Susannah, wife of Thomas John son, and Samuel, live in Illinois, David Kershner came from Lehigh county, Pennsyl- vania, in 1821. He kept bachelor’s hall for seven years, in Bloom township, Fairfield county. He bought thirty acres of land there, which he cleared up. He married Rebecca Alsbach, and three years after sold out and bought the place on which he now lives. Daniel Snyder settled where his son William now lives, in 1834, emigrating from Pennsylvania. He died soon after his settlement. His widow, aged nearly ‘eighty-seven, resides with her son, Emanuel Snyder. John May came from Maryland, in the spring of 1836. His mother, Catharine May, and five children, came out nine years before. Mr. May bought the farm now occu- pied by Jacob Martin, and lived there until the fall of 1860, when he moved to Ringgold, where he has since resided. He is now aged eighty-four. Charles May, who came to Ohio with the mother, in 1827, made a settlement in Walnut. He has been twice married; now lives in Illinois. EARLY SCHOOLS. The first school-house in Walnut, according to Mr. Hedges’ recollection, stood a short distance north of the. old graveyard, in section sixteen, where Joseph Leesman, Asa England, Joshua Baker and Philip Gatewood kept at an early date. A little log school-house was built just east of where Monroe Scothorn now lives, shortly after- wards, in which Hugh Hannagan, Hugh Creighton and others were early teachers. These buildings were con- structed of logs, of course, with stick chimney, puncheon floor and door and clapboard roof. One whole end was required for the fireplace. The light was admitted by means of a “window” in each side of the house, made by cutting out the half of two logs nearly the entire length of the house, and sticks placed in the opening, over which oiled or greased paper was pasted. Along each window was a rough board, which rested on wooden pins, stuck into the logs, and constituted a desk at which the scholars sat when engaged in writing. The seats were merely split slabs, supported by wooden pins. In The house was dedicated by Rev. Joseph Trimble. this manner the school-louses were built for a number of years after the first settlement of the country. A school- house was erected on the section line between numbers twenty-two and twenty-three, in 1810, in which the first teacher was a man by the name of Adison. John Bow- man and wife (formerly Ruth Brown), still living in the neighborhood, attended this school. A school was kept by John Wilson, as early as 1823, in a little cabin on the farm now owned by William Reed. Lewis Scothorn and Barnabas Brinker were scholars of this school. A hewed- log school-house was soon after erected on the hill, a short distance southwest of this cabin, and Edward Kennedy taught the first school therein. CHURCHES. THE METHODISTS, Members of the Methodist Episcopal faith established public worship in the township at an early date, the earli- est meetings being held at the dwellings, successively, of Noah Jones, Moses Oman and George Brinker, and, in the eastern part of the township, at Jacob Longabaugh’s and widow Cole’s. The Hedges’ chapel class was organ- ized at the house of George Brinker, in 1841, and con- sisted of the following members: Thomas Young and wife, Shadrach Cole and five children, James Hoyman, George Brinker and wife, John Knight, wife, and sister, Betsey, Lewis Fridley, wife and daughters, Hannah and* Catharine, Cyrus Hedges, his wife, Jane and daughters, Ann D. (now Mrs. Smith), and Cynthia, Eli Hines and wife, Sarah Payton and daughters, and Gideon Cum- mings. The Revs. James Gilworth and Thomas Hurd were then on the circuit, and Shadrach Cole was local preacher. The first class leader was Thomas Young, whose efficiency and devotion to his work is fondly men- tioned by his few remaining associates. The chapel was built in 1843, its erection being largely attributable to the energy and liberality of Cyrus Hedges, who donated the ground, in addition to his subscription of fifty dollars. The Sabbath-school of this church was formed in the spring of 1844, with John Spindler as superintendent. The Union Methodist Episcopal church was formed some time between the years 1825 and ’30, the following named persons being the constituent members, to wit.: William Tallman and wife, Andrew Trone and wife, Jacob Longabaugh and wife, Wesley Peters and wife, James Clark and wife, and Martin Barnhart and wife. The meetings continued to be held at Mrs. Cole’s, as pre- viously mentioned, until the erection of a church in the year 1835, for which William Tallman gave the land. Mr. Lewis S. Peters, who has officiated for many years as local preacher, united with the class when the meet- ings were held at widow Cole's. The first church building was a small brick structure, which, as the class increased in membership, became inadequate to the needs of the society, and, about fifteen years after its erection, it was torn down, and on the same site the present brick house was built. The church, in its most prosperous days, numbered nearly one hundred members, but it now consists of only seven or eight 278 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. THE EVANGELICAL’ ASSOCIATION. Mount Zion’s church, formerly called the Cinser church, was organized at the house of Solomon Cin- ser, in 1830. Cinser and wife, John Bridagum and wifc, Jacob Rife and wife, Valentine Reber and wife, were the original members. Meetings were held at the house of Mr. Cinser until 1840, when the frame church, on the south line of the township, was erected. ‘This, is said, by an old member, to be the first church edifice erected by the denomination west of the Allegheny mountains. Emanuel church was formed about the ycar 1832, with the following named members: John ‘Tobias and wife, Peter Tobias and wife, John Hittle and wife, and Peter Moyer and wife. Meetings were held at the dwellings of the members until the church in the south- east corner of section twenty-eight, was built. This was in 184-. The present pastors are Revs. C. M. Reinehold and A. Evans. THE UNITED BRETHREN. A class was organized at the house of James Ward, in 1833. The meetings were held there for some time, and then in a log school-house, on the bank of the creek, near the present covered bridge. A log school-house was afterwards built where the brick now stands, in district number four, when the class met there for worship. This “was in 1845. A revival, under the preaching of Rev. Isaac Kretzenger, the circuit preacher, soon followed, re- sulting in the addition of quite a number to the church; and the need of a suitable house of worship was felt. A mound, supposed to be of artificial construction, in the south part of section seventeen, was seleeted as the site. Some five or six feet of the top of the mound was leveled down, and a frame building erected thereon. The church, at the suggestion of Robert J. Morrall, one of the members who selected the location, was christened “Mount Hermon church.” In 1875, the old building was removed (and is now occupied by Jacob Smith as a dwelling) to give place to the present frame structure. The church now has a membership of about sixty, Daniel Bonebrake being the pastor. . A class formerly existed in the Pontius neighborhood, but it disbanded in 1845, and the members, then only five or six in number, united with the Mount Hermon class. ‘The Sabbath-school of this church was organized as a union school, in the hewed-log school-house, now used as a dwelling house by Danicl Litton, in 1843 or ‘44, with Henry Pontius superintendent, The Bethlehem church was organized at the house of John Hager, in 1835, with the following members: John Hager, wife, and son Peter, Silas Warn and wife, Samuel Weakley and wife, Thomas Duryea and wife, and Nathan Meetings were held at the residence of John Hager until the crection of the church, in 1840. A class was formed at the dwelling of John May, on the farm now occupied by Jacob Martin, in 1838 or 1839, by Rev. William McCabe. They held their ser- vices there for some time, until the class became large, when it was divided, and one part met for worship at the house of John Morris, and the other in the Albright Beaver. church on the town line, which some of the members assisted in erecting. The two classes subsequently re- united and continued their meetings in the Albright church until 1874, when the Bethany church building in Washington was erected. The East Ringgold class was organized in 1860 by Rev. Thomas Forsyth, and was composed of the follow- ing members: John May and wife, Elizabeth Spade, Adaline and Catharine Peters, and John Bridagum. The frame church, erected by members of the German Re- formed church, at the Ritter burying-ground, was pur- chased and moved to its present location in East Ringgold. Since the Rev. Mr. McCabe, the following ministers have preached on this circuit : Jacob Alsbaugh, Joshua Montgomery, Pleasant Brock, Joseph Yarnell, William Fisher, Wilson Cones, William Cones, William Kern, Joseph Buckwalter, E. Vanderman, William Mil- ler, Thomas Forsyth, Joseph Huffine, Eastep, Lem- uel Montgomery, Joseph Brundage, William Burnsworth, Samuel Whitmore, George Humplman, Joseph Brown, Baker Gillespie, Nathaniel Smith, and Peter Waggoner, who is still on the circuit. There are thirty-two names on the class-book, but the actual membership is much less, having been reduced by removals and deaths. John May is leader. WARNER CHURCH, of the German Reformed and Evangelical Lutheran de- nominations, was built in 1839. The land, consisting of over five acres, was donated by Henry Warner, one of the members, in consequence of which the church was named for him. The deed of conveyance was to George Pontious, Henry Spade, Henry Warner, and Martin Falk, trustees of the church, and their successors. The preacher, at the time of the erection of the church, was Rev. Henry King, and the deacons were John Glentzer, Henry Heffner, Philip Leist, and Solomon Stout. Soon after the erection of the building, certain forms of wor- ship were sought to be introduced by some of the Ger- man Reformed members, which, being considered as in- novations upon their principles and practices by the other portion, met with opposition, resulting, finally, in a split. ‘The former withdrew, and erected a frame build- ing at the Ritter burying-ground, half a mile northeast of Ringgold. ‘This branch of the society subsequently dis- banded, and the building was sold to the United Breth- ren, who removed into Ringgold. ‘The Warner church contains a membership of about one hundred and forty, the Lutherans composing much the larger portion. In 1842 a German Reformed clergyman, by the name of Strickland, came into the township from Pennsylvania, and preached at some of the dwellings of the inhabitants and at the school-house, which stood a short distance north of the site of Hedges’ chapel. He organized a. society, and afterward returned East. He was followed by a minister by the name of Phillips, during whose labors the North Union church was built, in 1844. The church was erected by the inhabitants generally, without respect to any particular denomination, and ministers of different faiths officiated in its pulpit. In the spring of 1851, a United Brethren class was formed, and used the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. church for a number of years, when the organization was broken up. The building has not been used for relig- ious meetings for ten or twelve years. FIRST SABBATH-SCHOOL. Hugh Creighton was the pioneer in Sabbath-school work in Walnut. As early as 1822 or 1823 he kept a ‘day-school in the log school-house which stood just east of the present site of Monroe Scothorn’s residence, and ‘on the Sabbath he would collect the children together for religious instruction, although no regular organization was formed. After the removal of the school-house, as previously mentioned, a school was organized by Mr. Creighton, but it continued in existence only a short time. FIRST BURYING-GROUND. The first place selected by the pioneers of Walnut for the burial of their dead, was the “sixteenth burying- ground,” situated on the bank of the creek, in the north part of section sixteen. The first burial—and probably the first death—in the township, was that of a child of Cornelius Williamson. ‘The grave is unmarked, and the exact date of the event is not known, although it was prior to 1800. The oldest inscription is that on the tombstone of Mary, daughter of William and Nancy Ward, who died September 20, 1802, at the age of twenty- one years. POST-OFFICE. A post-office was established at Nebraska, in 1853, with Andrew Hedges as postmaster, the name of the office being ‘‘ Hedges’ Store.” When Hedges sold his store to Thomas Gregg, in the spring of 1856, William ‘Nicholson became postmaster, and continued to act until the summer of 1857, when Caleb Brobst assumed the duties of the office. D. F. Weaver, the present incum- bent, was appointed in the summer of 1859, and the name changed to Nebraska. Mr. Weaver has held the position of postmaster over twenty consecutive years. The office at East Ringgold was established in 1855. The first postmaster was W. C. Finkel, afterwards probate judge, who kept the office in the house which is now the dwelling of Louis Heckman. On his removal to Circle- ville, in 1862, he resigned his commission, and was suc- ‘ceeded by W. S. Heim, who officiated for about a year, when ‘Dr. E. C. Witt was appointed, and served until 1871. S. H. Tobias was the next incumbent, holding ‘the position a few years, and was followed, for a shorter ‘term, by J. J. Kershner. William M. Peters, the present postmaster, was commissioned in the summer of 1878. O. E. Niles was the first mail-carrier through Walnut, or rather the Lindsey boys, who carried it for Niles. They carried the mail on horseback, the route extending ‘from Circleville to Lithopolis, through East Ringgold, + Nebraska, and Teegardins, in Madison. THE FIRST STORE _in Walnut was started in 1834 by Edward Kennedy, ina. .small hewed-log building, near where the barn of Elka- .nah Humble now stands. A store was established at Nebraska by Andrew Hedges, in 1853; he sold out to Thomas Gregg, in the | 1 | | 279 spring of 1856, and Gregg to Caleb Brobst, in July, 1857. In June, 1859, W. J. & D. F. Weaver bought out Brobst and continued together until August, 1864, when D. F. Weaver purchased the interest o his brother, and has continued in trade until the present time. In Feb- ruary, 1879, he took in his son, A. E. Weaver, as a part- ner, and the firm name is, now, D. F. Weaver & Son. The new store building was erected in the spring of 1874, The store at Ringgold we mentioned in connection with that village. MILLS AND OTHER INDUSTRIES, The first mill in the township was a saw-mill built by _ Richard Ward in 1811 or 1812, ‘on the Little Walnut, in section seventeen. In 1815 Ward sold it to Jabez Hedges, who run it four or five years, when he sold the property to George Hoover, who let it run down, and, finally, abandoned it. The next saw-mill was put up by James Bell on Turkey run, in section fourteen, as early as 1816 or 1817. William Williamson had a saw-mill on Little Walnut, in section sixteen, as early as 1825, which he operated until his death. Subsequent to the above, many other saw-mills had been built, which are not now in existence. The first grist-mill was built by John Hager, sr. He and his wife came from Hagerstown Maryland, in 1803, making the journey on foot, and carrying all their worldly goods in a pocket-handkerchief. Hager subsequently entered section fourteen, and, notwithstanding the little -he had to begin with, finally accumulated considerable property. A few years after his arrival he built a small log grist-mill on Little Walnut, a short distance east of the frame grist-mill of Samuel Campbell, the remains of which can yet be seen. The mill now owned by Mr. Campbell, Hager built about 1814, although, in 185—, it was rebuilt by his son, John, to, whom the father gave the property. Thomas Duryea bought it in 1844, and, since then, it has passed through many hands, Samuel Camp- bell, as before mentioned, now owning it. James Bell had a grist-mill on Turkey run, in the southeast quarter of section fourteen, as early as 1818. He run it a number of years, and his sons, after his death. Isaac Stout subsequently operated it for a great many years. ‘The building is still standing. David Glick had formerly a mill in operation on Little Walnut, near the east line of the township. The mills of John M. Spindler were established by Hugh Creighton & Son. The dam was put in and the saw-mill erected, as previously stated, in 1838. In 1846 a grist-mill of two run of stone was added. Some two years after the erection of the grist-mill Creighton & Son sold the property to Joseph Deitz, who operated the mills two years, and, failing to pay for the property, it was purchased by the present owner. Mr. Spindler has used the grist-mill chiefly as a hominy mill, in the manu- facture of which article he has built up a considerable trade. There are, at the present time, four saw-mills in the township, all of them steam mills, with the exception of 280 that of J. M. Spindler, on the big Walnut. The latter was erected by Hugh Creighton & Son, in 1838. The saw-mill at East Ringgold was originally built by Aaron Stuckey. In 1871, Absalom A. Peters bought it, tore it down, and rebuilt it. About a year ago he sold it to his son-in-law, A. L. Peters, who now owns it. The mills of Lewis Scothorn and Emanuel Westen- haver were both built in 1877. The leading industry for many years in Walnut was the manufacture of whiskey. Almost every farmer had a small copper still, and the “liquid poison” was almost as abundant as water. There have been more manufac- tories of this kind built in the township than in all the rest of the county. The writer is informed by R. J. Morral that from a certain point of view upon his farm, the sites of thirty-four former distilleries can be seen. Of course, the effect of the business upon the moral and material interests of the community was extremely detri- mental, and it was not until the Ohio canal was built, when an outlet was had for the surplus production of the corn and rye of the farmers, that it began to be aban- doned. A machine and general repair shop was started by Henry Smith, near the location of the present residence of E. P. Griner, in 1842. He removed to his present location, in section twenty-nine, in 1877, and continues the business which he has carried on for so many years. The carriage and repair shop of Enos Longabaugh, near Bethlehem church, was established in 1873. The business is conducted by Samuel M. Miller. PHYSICIANS. The first doctor resident within the township was Dr. Josiah Luckey, who came in soon after the close of the war of 1812. He was then unmarried, but subsequently he married Esther, daughter of James Williams, and fixed his residence at Nebraska. He remained a few years and then removed from the township. In 1820, Dr. William Turner, from Maryland, settled on Big Walnut, and practiced his profession in this and adjoining townships until his death, which occurred a few years after his settlement. Dr. P. Pence located at East Ringgold, in 1845, and practiced medicine until 1850, Dr. E. (. Witt was also a practitioner there, but at what time, we are unable to state. Dr. John T. Jones, recently deceased, was a practi- tioner of medicine in this township for a period of nearly thirty years. He began the study of medicine with Dr. A. W. Thompson, now of Circleville, in 1840, and sub- sequently graduated at Ohio medical college, Cincinnati. He first began to practice at Londonderry, Ross county; afterward practiced in Kentucky, and then coming (in 1850) to this county, settled at East Ringgold. He afterward removed to Nebraska, in this township, where he resided up to the day of his death, July 3, 1879. Dr, William 'T. Kennedy, a native of this county, set- tled at East Ringgold in January, 1875. He was edu- cated for his profession at Starling medical college, Ohio, where he graduated in the spring of 1873. Dr. Kennedy HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. first began to practice in Circleville, and continued there for about sixteen months, when he removed to Ringgold, where he has since resided, and been engaged in the practice of his profession. Dr. G. E. Bragdon, of St. Lawrence county, New York, located in Walnut in March, 1878. He acquired his medical education at the University medical college, New York city, graduating in February, 1878, and had practiced in Canton, New York, for some time previous. NEBRASKA GRANGE, NO. 64, OF THE PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. This society was organized June 16, 1873, with a mem- bership of twenty-three. The first officers elected were as follows: John Courtright, master; A. C. Nothstine, overseer; Joshua Hedges, steward; John G. Haas, as- sistant steward; James Ward, lecturer; Lewis S. Peters, chaplain; Ezra Hedges, treasurer; John M. Spindler, secretary; James H. Moody, gate-keeper; Mrs. M. S. Courtright, stewardess; Mrs. E. A. Nothstine, ceres; Mrs. H. D. Haas, pomona; Mrs. Sarah Westenhaver, flora. In the spring of 1874 the sociely built them a hall in the second story of the store of D. F. Weaver & Son, at Nebraska. ‘The hall is a commodious one, and neatly furnished, the whole costing one thousand two hundred and fifty dollars. The membership is now seventy, the present officers being as follows: John Courtright, mas- ter; Joshua Hedges, overseer; W. A. Griner, steward; Jonathan Hay, assistant steward; John G. Haas, lecturer; L, S. Peters, chaplain; A. C. Nothstine, treasurer; R. M. J. Bowman, secretary; Leander Ward, gate-keeper; Mrs. Harriet Haas, ceres; Mrs Rebecca Hay, pomona; Mrs. M. L. Courtright, flora; Miss Bell Beckwith, stewardess. EAST RINGGOLD. For the following facts we are indebted to S. P. Tobias and Philip Heim. The only village in the township of Walnut is East Ringgold, situated in the southeast part, on the Royalton pike. The first settler there was a Mrs. Fink, who was living on the place now occupied by Levi Graumlich, in 1837, but how long before that is not known. Sebastian Miller, a German by birth, came from Pennsylvania, in 1841, and located where J. P. Leist now lives; he was a me- chanic, and engaged in the business of wagon-making. His house was a one-story and a half frame, which served the double purpose of dwelling and shop, keeping the shop in the upper room. Aaron Stuckey settled there in 1841, and in addition to other improvements, erected a steam saw-mill. In 1842, Mrs. Sanders settled on the place now occu- pied by Rosanna Spade, and the same year Adam Spade,, located where Lewis Heckman now lives. About the same time, William Boyer, sr., took up his residence on the farm now occupied by L. F. Beck. Lewis Heckman, who is still a resident of the place, moved in, from Springfield, Ohio, in 1846, and located where Abraham Phillips now resides. The first store at East Ringgold was opened in the fall ~ a ; ys Y/; - JOHN MRS. OM RESIDENCE of JOHN COURTRIGHT, WALNUT TP, PICKAWAY C 20 — HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. of 1849, by Daniel Bock, in the building now occupied, by Jacob Leist. Miller. building. In 1851, William C. Finkel, a wagon-maker by trade, started a store in the building now occupied by Mr. Heckman. Subsequently, Philip Heim became a partner of Mr. Finkel. The partnership continued one year, when Mr. Heim bought Finkel’s interest. Two years afterward he sold to his father and brother, P. &. D. Heim, who carried on the business one year, when they were succeeded by Samuel Gessley, who continued about the same length of time. John Hook began, in the spring of 1864, in a small building, now constituting a part of the dwelling of J. J. Kerschner. In 1866 he moved into the building he now occupies, which had formerly been used as a wagon and undertaker’s shop by John Bridagum. John Woodell and Solomon Tobias, established a store in the building which is now the office of Dr. Kennedy, in 1871. About a year afterward Woodell bought out his partner, and erected the building now occupied by Isaac Tobias, in which he continued until his death, about a year afterward. The building was purchased by Mr. To- bias, who opened with a new stock in the fall 1874, and has continued with success until the present. The first school at Ringgold was kept by John Cooley, in 1838, in a log cabin, which stood on the Ritter farm.* The town west of Silver street, was platted, in 1860, by Mr. Burget, and the remainder by John Nevy, sub- sequently. The place was originally called Grand View, ' and the name ought-to have been retained, the location being one of the most picturesque in the county. It is not now possible to give the particulars of the first election in the township, as the early records are not in existence, Walnut was originally six miles square, but in the year that portion of the township lying northwest of Walnut creek was set off to Harrison, and that part of Harrison lying southeast of the creek was detached, and annexed to Walnut, making that stream the boundary line between the two townships. This was done as a matter of convenience to the people in that portion of either township lying beyond the creek, which, having no bridges, it was difficult to cross. The township now em- braces four entire tiers of sections on the east side of the original surveyed township number nine, in range twenty- one (Matthew’s surveys), and all of the other two tiers of sections, in the same township, except the two north- westerly sections, and a small part of sections five and eight adjoining. It also embraces all of the fractional township number two, in range twenty-two, lying south of Walnnt creek, and next the river. This part of the township was, in an early day, inhabited by a very poor class of people, who came in and occupied the cabins of the large land owners, and were a source of considerable expense to the township before the county provided a place for its paupers. Bock purchased the estate of Sebastian A. C. Stout afterwards kept a store in the same ‘Mr. A. A. Peters says a school was kept, at a much earlier date, in a cabin where the saw-mill now stands, 36 281 The present township officers are as follows: R. M. J. Bowman, clerk; Joshua Hedges, John Courtright and Harvey Trone, trustees; William Cromley, treasurer; Henry Whitemer and Monroe Scothorn, justices of the peace. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THE COURTRIGHT FAMILY, John Courtright was a native of Pennsylvania, and emigrated with his family to Ohio, in 1803 or 1804. They journeyed over the moun- tains and through the forests in a three horse wagon, bringing with them such articles of household necessity as they were able to convey. On their arrival he bought land near Royalton, Fairfield county, and began the labor of making a home in the wilderness. Progress was necessarily slow at first, but year by year the clearing was enlarged, and as prosperity followed, he added to his possessions, until he was the owner of some two thousand one hundred acres of land, the result of his own exertions, seconded by those of his sons, as they arrived at an age to assist in the smaller and larger duties of the farm. His children were: Abraham, who ctied in 1851, leaving a family; John, who married, raised a family in Walnut township, and died in October, 1878; Jacob, who married, and remained on a part of his father's estate, in Bloom township, Fairfield county, where he died in 1864; Jesse D. Courtright, who was born May 5, 1811, and in August, 1831, was married to Sally Stout, by whom he had nine children. The children of Jesse D. are: Mary Jane, who married Thomas Cole, and lives in Amanda township, Fairfield county ; Sarah, who married Emanuel Westenhaver, and lives in Walnut township; Eliza- beth, who married Ezra F. Beery, and lives in Bloom township, Fairfield county; John, who was born January 28, 1838, married Minerva L. Brobst, at Marcy, Fairfield county, August 16, 1866, by whom he has three children—Alva B., Sally F., and John D.; George 5. Courtright, who married Miss M. Cornelia Stevens, and is a physician at Lithopolis; Samuel W., who married Jennie R. Martin, and practiced law in Cir- cleville; in 1875, was elected judge of common pleas, which office he holds at the present time; Alva P., who married Annie Vattier, of Cin- cinnati, where he practiced medicine several years, after which he re- moved to Circleville, where he ranks among the highest of the physicians in Pickaway county; Edson B. Olds Courtright, who died in April, 1867; Amanda C., who died in infancy. Jesse D. Courtright moved into Walnut township in 1833, two years after his marriage, and here his children were born. He was a man of strong convictions, and firmvin his adherence to the principles of the party to which he belonged--the Democratic party. His abilities were so well appreciated by the public, that in 1853 he was elected to the State legislature, where he served two years. He was many times elected to fill township offices, serving as justice of the peace during a period of twenty-five years, and holding the office of township trustee nearly the same length of time. He was also land appraiser of his township. In his religion he was a consistent member of the Presbyterian church for thirty-two years, as was also his wife. He was for many years a member of the Masonic fraternity, receiving all the degrees up to and including that of Knight Templar, and was, in every respect, faithful and true to his obligations asa Mason. Four of his sons followed in his footsteps, and became worthy members of the order. John D. is a member of Lithopolis lodge, No. 169, in which he has served as master for fourteen years. He is also a mem- ber of Circleville Chapter, No. 20; Tyrian Council, No. 60; and Lan- caster Commandary, No. z. He was also instrumental in the organiza- tion of Nebraska Grange, No. 64, organized June 16, 1863, and has continued its master from.that time until the present. He has served as township trustee some eight years. Portraits of John Courtwright and his wife, with a representation of their home in Walnut township, appear in this connection, 282 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. THE DUNNUCK FAMILY. Joshua Dunnuck was a native of Maryland, from which State he emigrated to Ohio some time previous to the war of 1812, in which he served for a short time asa member of Captain Nye’s light-horse company; he also, in common with every other able-bodied man, served in the State militia during the enforcement of the militia law of the State. After being a resident of the State a number of years he was married to Miss Diana Tallman, by whom he had four children who lived to maturity, besides several who died in infancy. Of their children, Phebe married Absalom Ashbrook, and raised a family of children, of whom all but one lived to raise families. John married Henrietta Scott, in Fayette county, and made a home in Indiana. Elizabeth married William Peters, and lives near Pleasantville. Benjamin married Minerva Ash- brook, and died in Walnut township, where his family now live. Joshua Dunnuck’s wife died, and he married a second time, his wife being Mrs. Phebe Bell, of Wal- nut township; their children were Diana, who was mar- ried, in Indiana, to Abel Lloyd. George T. died when nineteen years of age. Thomas J. married Ruth Bowman, a daughter of John and Ruth Bowman, of Walnut township. With his wife Mr. Dunnuck received some property, as well as some from his father; his wife also received property from the estate of her brother, William Bowman. Mrs. Dunnuck was a woman of feeble health, but of a singularly gentle and loving disposition, and made a willing helpmeet to her husband, and a careful, judicious mother to their children, of whom they had five. Two of these died in infancy. Their home was a happy one, but, just as they were about completing his present comfortable dwelling- house, which was designed by Mrs. Dunnuck, and before it was occupied, she died from consumption. She was born October 12, 1834, and died September 12, 1876, aged nearly forty-two years. Her death left a vacancy in the once happy home that no other can fill. Their childien were: Milton C., who is married, and lives in a house on the same premises as his father; Alma B., who now attends to the household duties in her mother’s place; and Grace B., who also lives at home. Mr. Dun- nuck has the assurance of a comfortable home during the remainder of his life, on the farm he has occupied since his marriage, which, at his death, will become the property of their children. He was a member of the National guard, and was called into duty in the one hun- dred days’ service, but procured a substitute, as his pres- ence was at that time needed at home. Joshua Dunnuck, his father, had still another daugh- ter—Sarah Ruth—who married and lost her first hus- band, John Louderman. She remarried, and now lives in Illinois. Mrs. Joshua Dunnuck died in Fayette county, where they were then living, about 1833 or 1834. In 1838 Mr. Dunnuck moved, with his family, to Indiana, and, in April of 1839, died there. Portraits of Thomas J. Dunnuck, and Mrs. Ruth Dun- nuck, his wife, appear in connection with this sketch. JACKSON: Jackson lies east of Muhlenburg and Monroe, and ex- tends to the Scioto river. Scioto township adjoins it on the north, and Wayne and Hcer Creck on the south. Its surface is generally quite level; having the Scioto for its eastern boundary, and Darby creek running diagonally, from northwest to southeast, through its center, it con- tains a large proportion of first and second bottom land, and is among the most productive townships in the county. INDIANS, For several years after the first settlement of the town ship, small bands of Indians lingered about the region. Among the last who came to Jackson was a friendly Indian, who went by the name of Captain Johnny. With a number of other Indians, he had a camp on Darby creek, and the place is still pointed out as Captain Johnny’s camp. He and another Indian, named Chero- kee Tom, fell out, and finally fought a duel, with knives for their weapons. After the quarrel which led to the ducl, Tom went off for a long time, when, thinking that Johnny had forgotten the difficulty, he returned to the camp on Darby creek. The next morning, Captain Johnny went to Tom’s wigwam, and arousing him from his sleep informed him that he must fight. Tom yielded a reluctant assent, for Johnny was a powerful man, much the superior of Tom. The contest was short and bloody, terminating in Tom’s death. Johnny went over to Mr. Renick’s, borrowed a shovel, and buried bim on the place ngw occupied by G. A. Florence. They undoubtedly had a burying-ground there, for when the cellar of the present house was dug, the remains of several Indians were found. THE JOLIFF SURVEY. While the army of Lord Dunmore lay at Camp Char- lotte, waiting the conclusion of the treaty with the Indians, John Joliff, a private soldier, discovered the fine tract of MRS. RUTH DUNNUCK. T. J. DUNNUCK. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND’ PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 283 land in this township, of which he made the survey. The tract embraces four or five thousand acres, and lies west of Circleville. This survey was made in 1774, and is be- lieved to have been the first survey made in the State. William Renick informs the writer that the survey was made without compass or chain, and so well was it done that the efforts of the numerous land speculators (“land sharks,” they were called) to invalidate it, proved unsuc- cessful. The regularity of the survey was, after consider- able litigation, confirmed by the courts. SETTLEMENT, Jonathan Renick was the first settler’ He came from Hardy county, Virginia, in the year 1798, having previ- ously purchased the Dade tract. He erected a cabin on Darby creek, and kept bachelor’s hall for a few years, when his father, John Renick, and family arrived. He afterwards settled, and permanently resided, where Gus- tavus Florence now lives. He was born July 22, 1775; married Lucinda Suddeth, March 22, 1812, and died September 3, 1843, his wife having died three years pre- vious. They had but two children—Sarah, who married Ezra Florence (now deceased), and resides in Circleville, and Mary, who died in 1853. John Renick, the father of Jonathan, settled where John Fleming now lives, and resided there until his death, January 13, 1814, aged nearly sixty-five. Mary, his wife, died September 15, 1834, in her eighty-second year. Their children were: Thomas, Jonathan, Mar- garet, Rachel, Seymour, Abel, James, Asahel, Anna, Catharine and Mary. Thomas married Tabitha Radcliff, and moved to Jackson, from Kentucky, after the rest of the family came. His location was the place now occu- pied by his son, Job, wherc he continued until his death. His wife survived him some ten years. He was associ- ate judge of Pickaway county for several terms, and was a member of the State legislature when it met at Zanes- ville. Mr. Renick was a man of intelligence, sound judgment and upright character. He was the father of fourteen children, four of whom are now living, as fol- lows: Benjamin F., in Darby township; Felix and Job, in Jackson; and Matilda, wife of James Bennett, in Deer Creek. Margaret became the wife of Henry Van Metre, and afterwards moved to Champaign county. Rachel married Joseph Van Metre, and lived on the farm now occupied by Felix Renick. Abel married Miss Harness, and first settled in Jackson township, but subsequently removed to- Marion county. James’ was never married. Asahel married Harriet Scott, and occupied the home- stead. Anna became the wife of Reese McNeal, and settled on high bank prairie, below Chillicothe. Catha- rine married Ralph Osborne, of Columbus, afterwards auditor of the State, and Mary married John Cunning, of Columbus. James Renick was a general in the war of 1812, and was under Hull at the time of the surrender of Detroit. He was a brave officer, and, it is said, when Hull refused to fight, and hoisted the white flag, he indignantly broke his sword in disapprobation of what he regarded Hull’s treachery. General Renick was a member of the State legislature while the seat of government was yet at Chilli- cothe. William Marquis came from Virginia soon after Jona- than Renick arrived, and located on Darby creek, just above McLane’s mills. He built there, shortly afterward, a log grist-mill, and also a saw-mill. He then returned for his family, and his brother-in-law, Alexander Argo, and family, moved out with them. Marquis subsequently sold his property on Darby, including the mills, ‘to Anthony Hall, and located on the farm now owned and occupied by Alexander Caldwell. His house stood on the opposite side of the road from Mr. Caldwell’s resi- dence and‘a little north of it. He established a copper still there for the manufacture of whiskey. Subsequently he moved to the place now occupied by Jonathan W. Huston, and resided there until his death. The frame dwelling of Mr. Huston was built by Marquis at a very early date, and is, possibly, one of the oldest frame houses in the township. Marquis built here, also, an- other distillery, and continued to grind out the “liquid poison.” He died April 1, 1829, and his wife July 6, 1827. They are buried on the farm on which they last lived, a short distance north of Mr. Huston’s house. Argo, in 1820, bought one hundred acres of land of Marquis, on which he lived until 1835, when he sold to J. W. Huston, and moved to Illinois. Anthony Hall was the next arrival after Marquis. He came with his family from Jefferson county, Virginia, and, as before stated, bought the property of Marquis. He operated the mills until his death, in 1825. Mrs. Hall died in 1823. They had eleven children, as follows: Joseph, Nancy, William, Rachel, Anthony, Lucy, Eliza- beth, John, Mary, James, and Martha, all of whom set- tled and resided in the township for longer or shorter periods. Rachel married first, Thomas Glaze, and after- wards, George Davis, and lived on the farm now occupied by Mr. McMasters. Lucy married Philip Thompson, and subsequently settled on Deer creek, near Chillicothe. Mary was the wife of William Bowsher, and resided first on the farm now occupied by Henry C. Blacker, in Cir- cleville township, afterwards removing to Sandusky. Martha became the wife of James Thompson, resided, for five years, at the mills of which he was the owner, and then moved to Williamsport, in Deer Creek township. The next settler was Alexander Caldwell, sr. He was a native of Ireland, and emigrated, with his mother, to the United States when fourteen years of age. He came to Pickaway county prior to 1800, and located on con- gress land, where H. C. Blacker now lives, in Circleville township. Being unable to secure the land when it came into market, in 1801, and it being entered by another, he came to Jackson, and settled on the farm now owned by Mike Henry, where he afterwards lived. He was mar- ried three times, his first wife being Jane Boyd, and the mother of his children, of whom he had fourteen—six only living to adult age. They are: Catharine (now widow of William Bell), living in Walnut; Henry (de- ceased); Johnson and Alexander, in Jackson; William -B. (deceased); and John H., who lives in Darby town- ship. 284 Henry Slyh, sr., a native of Pennsylvania, emigrated to Ohio, from Jefferson county, Virginia, in the fall of 1802. His family consisted of his wife and six children. ‘The journey was made with a five-horse team and wagon. He first located on Darby creek, on land belonging to An- thony Hall, and resided there eleven years, when he bought oné hundred and fifty acres where his son Henry now lives; he died here, November 30, 1849, aged nearly eighty- two; his wife, Elizabeth, died in 1838, at the age of sixty- six. Their children were Mary, John, Frederick, Catha- arine, Henry and Elizabeth. Only the last two are now living. Henry, who occupies the homestead in Jackson, was born in Virginia, July 9, 1801; Elizabeth, now Mrs. James Hurst, resides in Missouri. George Glaze, from Hampshire county, Virginia, came into the territory now constituting Pickaway county, at a very early date. He purchased five hundred acres of military land, lying mostly between the Scioto river and Darby creek, and near their junction. In the fall of 1807 he came out, on horseback, with two daughters— Eva and Mary—who remained here while the father re- turned for the remainder of the family, with the exception of Richard, John and Adam, who had come ont some time before and commenced the improvemer.t of the land their father had purchased, and George, who was an ap- prentice in Winchester, Virginia. When Glaze came into the country he brought five hundred dollars, which was a large sum for a pioneer immigrant to possess. He finally became a large owner of land. He died, in 1825, at the age of seventy-seven. The only surviving member of the family is Mary, widow of John Henry Knight, re- siding with her son-in-law, Barnabas Brinker, in Walnut. She was born December 13, 1789. When in her twenty- fourth year she married Mr. Knight, and lived for ten years on Dry run, in section thirty-four. They then re- moved to Green Springs, Seneca county, and remained three years, when they returned to Walnut, and located where Mr. Brinker now lives. He died here in 1834. She is the mother of seven children, all now dead but a son, who lives near Tiffin, and Mrs. Brinker, in Walnut. James R. Hulse came to Pickaway county in 1811, from Orange county, New York. After his arrival here he married Rebecca Van Metre, and located first on property now owned by Henry B. Swearingen, taking a lease of the then owner, Henry Bedinger, of Virginia. He afterwards purchased six hundred acres of the Cable survey, and subsequently added six hundred acres more of the same. Mr. Hulse, at the time of his death, in 1862, was among the largest land owners of the county. His wife died in 1839. Subsequently, he married Mrs. Bales. He had, by his first wife, nine children, four of whom died young. Three are now living, viz.: Hepzi- bah, Aristeus, and James R., all residing in Jackson. By his second marriage there were two children—Jonas, who resides in Circleville, and Effie Jane, who died in January, 1877. Mrs. Hulse,-second, survived her hus- band about a year and a half. Melkire Staley and family moved into Jackson at an early date, and located on the river; remained a number of years, and then removed to the north part of the “HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. State. Peter, a brother of Melkire, came a few years later, and settled east of Mr. Bells. He finally moved to Allen county. Robert Martin came into the settlement in 1808 or ’9; ‘remained several years, when he removed to Marion county. John Baer came in with Martin, and made his location in the southeast part of the township, where he resided until his death. John Fisher and family, and his son, Absalom, and his family, came from Pendleton county, Virginia, in 1815, John Fisher settled on the farmnow owned by William Bell, his cabin being situated on the hill just below Mr. Bell’s house. Absalom located a short distance south- east of his father. He erected his cabin in 1816, and it is still standing, and occupied. The father died in Jack- son in 1847, and the mother in 1844. Both are buried on the hill, where they lived. Absalom Fisher removed to Illinois, in 1856, where he and his wife both died in 1861. ‘he only one of their twelve children now living in Pickaway county is John G. Fisher, who resides in Scioto township. A family of the name of Suddeth, and another of the name of Barnes, were early settlers in Jackson. Suddeth lived on land now owned by the heirs of Jacob Van Metre. One of theedaughters became the wife of Jona- than Renick, and another the wife of William Miller, of Harrison. James Hemphill and Samuel Hunter joined the settle- ment at a comparatively early date. Also Joseph and Ebenezer Petty, who lived below the Darby bridge, on what is called the Franklin place. Joseph afterwards moved to Missouri, and Ebenezer to Urbana, Ohio. Andrew Whiteside and family emigrated from Ireland, in 1818, ‘They soon after settled near Chillicothe, where they continued to reside until 1828, when they removed to Jackson, and settled where a daughter, Mrs. Lutitia Walker, now lives. The father died here in 1839, and the mother in 1863, at the advanced age of eighty-three years. ‘Three of the children are still living. Jonathan W. Huston emigrated to Ohio, from Penn- sylvania, with his parents, James and Ann Huston, in 1818, ‘Ihe family settled in Colerain township, Ross county. In 1828, Jonathan W. came to Pickaway county, and in the spring of 1834, located in Jackson, where he has since lived. In 1833, he married Sarah Reber, of Fairfield county, who died in 1852. In 1854, he mar- ried Luvanne Pitkin, with whom he is now living. Robert Campbell came from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1808. He first located below Chillicothe, and four years afterwards, came to Pickaway county, locating in Wayne township, where he resided until his death, in 1848. He was twice married, and his second wife survived him, dying in Missouri. Joseph, his son, took the old home- stead, and occupied it ten years, when he moved to West- fall, in Wayne township. In the spring of 1864, he came to Jackson, where he has since lived. An elder brother, Samuel, resides in Circleville, and Robert, a younger brother, in Deer Creek. A sister, Isabella, wife of Will- iam Campbell, resides in Wayne. Horace Keyes came from Virginia, in 1833, and after- “nal HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 285 wards located on Darby creek, where he resided some twenty-three years. In 1860, he purchased and settled where he now lives. FIRST SCHOOL. About the year 1807, the first school-house was erected just below John Renick’s, near what was called “Straw- berry prairie.” Peter Mickel taught the first term of school. An early school was kept by James Warren, on the south side of the creek. David Culbertson, a local “Methodist preacher, of Washington township, was among the pioneer school teachers of Jackson. He kept school in a log cabin, near Mr. Caldwell’s. THE FRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The first Presbyterian preacher in Jackson was Rev. Mr. Hoge, of Columbus. The meetings were first held at John Renick’s, William Florence’s, and at William Seymour’s, who lived above Darbyville. The church was erected in 1841 or ’42, the ground for which was donated by Judge Jonathan Renick. The deed of con- veyance was given in trust for the benefit of the Central Presbyterian church, of Circleville, of which the society in Jackson was a branch. The church formed an inde- pendent organization in December, 1877, with the follow- ing members: Mrs. Mary Scott, Mrs. Kate McMasters, Mrs. Helen Van Metre, Miss Nannie Stone, William Bell and wife (all by letter), and Mrs. Renick, on pro- fession of faith. William Bell was chosen elder. The society was organized by Rev. Dr. Moore, of the Second Presbyterian church, of Columbus. The following mem- bers have joined since: Mrs. Mary Jennings, Mrs. Samuel Sines, Miss Mary and Miss Sarah Williams. Rev. Mr. Thompson, of Commercial Point, is the officiating min- ister. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The earliest meetings of the Methodists were held at the cabin of John Rush, on Darby creek. The first cir- cuit preacher was Joseph Hayes, of Deer creek. Meet- ings were also held at an early date at the house of William Littleton, on Lick run, and subsequently in the brick school-house, which stood on the corner of Mr. Slyh’s farm, néar the present frame school-house. In 1864, the society erected the frame church, near Mr. Neff’s, which cost about six hundred dollars. The church now numbers about a dozen members, with ‘Jacob Slyh leader of the class. EARLY BURIAL PLACES. The first burials were probably made in the Hall bury- ing-ground, on the bank of the creek, a short distance above the McLane mills. The oldest inscription now decipherable is that of Sally Hall, who died in October, 1807, in her first year. The next is that of another child, of the name of Hall, who died October, 1817, aged one year. Anthony Hall, the pioneer, was buried here in 1825, and his wife, Rachel, in 1823, and Joseph, their son, in 1826. William, son of James and Katharine Anderson; John Cochran, and Thomas McCollister, were all buried in this burying-ground, in 1826. On the farm of John Fleming, a short distance southeast of his resi- dence, is another old burying-ground, the oldest inscrip- tion in which is that on the tombstone of John Renick, the pioneer, who was buried there in 1814. There may have been earlier interments there than this, as many graves contain no marks whatever, while the inscriptions on the headstones of some others are so nearly effaced as to be illegible. The most sickly season in the early history of the township was the year 1826. ‘That year a malignant disease, called by the inhabitants “the cold plague,” pre- vailed, and was oftener fatal than otherwise. The first death was that of John Cochran, January 6, 1826. A week after, William Anderson, an intimate friend of Cochran, died, and then quickly followed the deaths of George Owens and his brother, James, George Davis, Abraham Ward, Mr. Bailey, Joseph and James Hall, Thomas McCollister, Mrs. Slagle and daughter, Maria. Three members of the Chaney family died within a week of each other. FIRST MILL. Soon after his arrival, William Marquis built a small log grist-mill on Darby creek, about a quarter of a mile above the site of the present grist-mill of Mr. McLane. This was .one of the first mills in the country. The structure has long since been demolished, but a part of the wheel and some of the foundation blocks can yet be seen. Marquis had also a saw-mill, which he erected about the same time. ‘The mills were subsequently, as before stated, bought by Anthony Hall, and they are generally referred to as Hall’s mills. Asahel Renick had a saw-mill on Darby creek at an early day. It caused an overflow of his land to such an extent that he finally tore it down. The grist-mill of Washington McLane was erected by James Thompson in 1833, and the saw-mill a short time before. Thompson carried on the business for about six years, when he sold to John E. Van Metre. About 1852 or 1853 Van Metre sold the property to Joseph Deeds, who improved the grist-mill considerably, building an addition of twenty feet, increasing the height one story, and putting in new machinery. He, however, made an assignment soon after, and, in the spring of 1856, the property was purchased by Mr. McLane. FIRST MAIL ROUTE AND POST OFFICE. A mail route was established in 1805 from Franklinton to Chillicothe, through this township. A weekly mail left Franklinton each Friday, stopped over night at Mar- quis’ mill, on Darby creek; next day reached Chillicothe and returned to Thompson’s, on Deer creek; thence home on Sunday. At the establishment of the route there was no post-office between Franklinton and Chilli- cothe, but, during the first winter following, there was one established at Westfall, and, a short time afterward, one at Marquis’ mill, about this time changed to Hall’s mill. Colonel Andrew McElvain, for many years a prom- inent citizen of Franklin county, then a boy thirteen years old, was the first carrier of the mail. There were but four cabins on his route between the two terminal points, and, one winter or spring, he was compelled to 286 swim Darby and Deer.creeks twice, carrying the small mail-bag on his shoulders, The early elections in Jackson township were held in the log house of Anthony Hall, near the mills. The first justice of the peace was William Florence. Esquire Wil- liams and Jonathan Heath filled the same office at an early date. The early township records are not now in existence, and we are, therefore, unable to give the names of the first officers elected. The present township officers are F. M. Slyh, clerk; Horace Keyes, Joseph Hall and M. V. B. Lindsey, trustees ; FE. F. Coffland, treasurer; S. H. Ridgway, assessor; J. R. Florence and B. N. Walker, justices of the peace. ‘lhe present township house, lo- cated near McLane’s mills, was built in 1873. The first physician that practiced in the township was Doctor Daniel Turney, of Jefferson ; after him, Dr. Webb and Dr. Luckey, of Circleville. ‘The only resident phy- sician in the township was Dr. John H. Grant, who came from Kentucky, and resided on a part of the farm now owned by Mr. H. B. Swearingen. He practiced a num- ber of years. THE FIRST ROAD. The old State road, running from Chillicothe to Frank- linton, was the first road opened in the township. originally called “ Laugham’s trace,” three brothers of that name having laid it out. The only store ever kept in Jackson was the grocery store of Thornton Van Metre, which he opened at the cross roads, just north of McLane’s mills, about the year 1840. FLORFNCE GRANGE, NO. 874, It was | was organized in April, 1874, with the following officers: | Felix Renick, master; Robert Galbraith, overseer; H. B. Swearingen, lecturer; J. P. Taylor, steward; J. R. Flor- ence, assistant steward; W. T. Bell, treasurer; J. P. Wright, chaplain; G, A. Florence, secretary; A.J. Wil- liams, gate-keeper; Mrs. Felix Renick, ceres; Mrs. H. B. Swearingen, pomona; Mrs. J. R. Florence, flora; Miss Mary E, Williams, lady assistant steward. The meetings are held in the Presbyterian church. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THIE SWEARINGEN FAMILY. In connection with the view of the house of Henry B, Swearingen, published in.this work, we give the following brief sketch of the Swear- ingen family. ‘The original representative of the family in America was Garrett Vian Swerengen (as the name was then spelled), who was a native of Brabant, ° a province of Holland. He emigrater with his family, consisting of his wife, Barbara (De Barette), and two children — Zachariah and Elizabeth —to the American colonies, about the year 1654. He settled near An- napolis, Maryland, and in 1669 he and his family were naturalized citi- zens of the province of Maryland. Zachariah had four sons: Thomas, Van, John and Samuel. The children of Thomas were two suns, namely: ‘Thomas and Van, who, according to an old ‘History of the Valley of Virginia,” settled -in Jackson township, in December, 1851. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. in the neighborhood of Shepherdstown, that State, on or near the Co- hongoruton, in the year 1734, and were among the first settlers on that water-course and its vicinity. Van Swearingen was county lieutenant of militia of the county of Berkeley, Virginia. He bore the title of colonel, and was a man of. local note. He was the father of five chil- dren, of whom Josiah, the next in lineal descent, was the oldest, born March 28, 1744. He was a captain under ‘General Lewis in Lord Dun- more’s war. He married, on the fifth day of January, 1777, Phebe Strode, who was born on the eighth day of December, 1747. He died August 9, 1795, and she July 6, 1786. They had three sons—Thomas, James and Samuel—and a daughter, Eleanor, who became the wife of Governor Thomas Worthington. James Strode Swearingen, who was the second son of facta and Phebe Swearingen, was born in Berkeley county, Virginia, now Jefferson county, West Virginia, on the third day of February, 1782. At the age of thirteen he became a clerk in a store at Battletown (now Berryville), Virginia, near Winchester, where he remained about two years. He then went into the county clerk's office, as a clerk, at Winchester, Fred- erick county, and remained about four years, when, on account of ill health, he was compelled to seek other employment. His experience in the county office was an excellent school for him, and he there formed those methodical habits so characteristic of him during his life. In 1799 he came to Chillicothe, having exchanged his land in Virginia with Governor Worthington for land in the vicinity of Chillicothe. In 1800 he was appointed an ensign in the army, and two years afterwards he set out from Chillicothe for Detroit, on horseback, accompanied by a guide. The country was almost a complete wilderness, there being, at that time, no settlement between Chillicothe and Lake Erie except the old town of Franklintown, and he made this part of the journey without a morsel of food to eat. He was, at this time, a first or second lieuten- ant, and on his arrival at Detroit, he was placed in command of a com- pany, and sent to Chicago, where he assisted in building old Fort Dear- born. He was afterwards stationed at different points: Fort Pickering, Mississippi; Fort Mifflin, below Philadelphia; Fort McHenry, Balti- more, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and other places, but most of the time he was on the frontier. November 4, 1811, while stationed at Pittsburg, he was united in marriage to Nancy, daughter of Henry and Rachel (Strode) Bedinger. She was born January 7, 1787. Her remote ancestor, Adam Bedinger, was a native of Alsace, Germany. He and his family were protestants, and to escape persecution after the conquest, which resulted in the ces- sion of Alsace to France, he emigrated to America, landing at Philadel- phia in 1734. Soon thereafter he joined a party of German emigrants, who settled upon those beautiful, rich lands on the Conowago, York county, Peansylvania. His son Henry married Magdalena Schlegel (Slagle, as anglicised), and removed to Shepherdstown, Virginia, in the spring of 1762. His son Henry, the father of Mrs. Nancy Swearingen, was born October 16, 1753. He was a captain in the Revolutionary war; was taken prisoner at Fort Washington, and confined on Long Island for four vears. In 1796 he located the tract of land in Jackson township, Pickaway county, known as the Bedinger survey, the most of which is now owned by Henry B. Swearingen. Henry Bedinger was a man of good native ability, great energy and force of character, and was prominent in the community in which he lived. In 1814, being then quartermaster-general and a staff officer, James S. Swearingen made his headquarters at Chillicothe, where he remained on duty until the close of the war, when he made a settlement and re- sided there the remainder of his life. He received, soon after his mar- riage, from his father-in-law, the Bedinger tract in Jackson township, Pickaway county, Ohio, but he never settled upon it. He died in Chillicothe, February 3, 1864, and his wife January rz, 1859. They were the parents of seven children, three of whom died young. The others were Henry B., Eleanor, Sarah B., and Virginia, who died .un- married, at the age of twenty-one. Eleanor was married first to -Dr. John H. Grant, of Covington, Kentycky, and after his death to Major Ldward Clarkson; of the same place. She died January 20, 1879, in Jackson township. Sarah B. became the wife of N. W. Thatcher, of Chillicothe, now deceased. Mrs. Thatcher occupies the old home in Chillicothe. Henry B. Swearingen was born in Chillicothe, November 16, 1814. He came to l’ickaway count) in 1837, and settled where he now lives, He was married, January 2, 1850, to Elizabeth Nesbitt, of Xenia, who was born June 3, 1827. To them have been burn eight children—Eleanor V., born March 26, 1854; James S., born August 19, 1857; Nancy N., born December 22, 1858; Robert N., born February 22, 1861 (died October 27, 186s); John G., born February. 24, 1863; Henry B., born May 26, 1865; Thomas T., BEDINGER. RESIDENCE OF H. B. SWEARINGEN, JACKSON TOWNSHIP, PICKAWAY COUNTY, OHIO. - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. was born January 15, 1868; and Mary S., was born March 9, 1871. The Bedinger survey—the most of which is now owned by Henry B. Swearingen—has never been bought nor sold. It was located by Cap- tain Bedinger in 1796, in consideration of his services in the Revolution. He subsequently gave it to his son-in-law, James S. Swearingen, from whom it was inherited by the latter's son, Henry B., and daughter 287 Eleanor, now deceased. homestead. One of the most attractive illustrations in this work is that of the resi- dence of Mr, Swearingen and its surroundings. The house, embowered in forest-trees, stands on a beautiful swell of ground, and looking east- ward, commands a fine view of picturesque scenery for many miles. Henry B. Swearengen now occupies the DARBY. Darby township is situated in the northwest corner of the county, and is bounded on the north by Franklin connty, on the east by Scioto township, on the south- east by Muhlenberg, on the south by Monroe, and on the west-by Madison county. Its surface is remarkably level, except along the water-courses, where it is some- what rolling. The soil is fertile, consisting largely of corn land, and that cereal is largely produced. For the last two or three years, however, wheat has been more extensively grown than formerly, the crop being found to do well on land on which corn has been heretofore almost exclusively grown. The principal original varieties of timber were the oak, in several varieties, the white oak on the higher soil, and burr, jack and post oak (sometimes called pin oak), on the black land. There was also considerable red and white elm, hickory, and hard maple. There was for- merly a considerable portion of land in this township called “barrens,” which, in its natural state, was more adapted to grazing than to tillage. Much of the land lying back from Darby creek is flat, and before it was drained was too wet for cultivation. The southwest part of the township, during most of the -year, was covered with water, and contained a thick un- dergrowth of timber, which gave it the name, together with the portion of Monroe township adjoining, of “the brush country.” But when the land was once reclaimed and cultivated, it was found to be the most fertile and productive of the township. On the farm of F. C. Bost- wick is a field, now in corn, which has produced a crop of that cereal every year since 1805, and the growing crop, which is hardly second to any field of corn in the county, is sufficient evidence that the soil has lost but little of its fertility. But, notwitstanding the fertility of its soil, and the striking contrast which its present condition presents to its appearance when the pioneers first invaded its forests, the township is yet far from being in a-high condition of improvement. The cause is chiefly found in the fact that most of its lands are held in large tracts, and are occupied and cultivated largely by tenants, whose rude log houses, or cabins, with their “stick” chimney, look more out of place, because they stand in the midst of such fertile fields. When, as will eventually be the case, the land shall be divided up into farms of moderate size, say; of two hundred acres each, and occupied by their owners with neat and attractive dwellings, the appearance of the township will be vastly different from that which it now presents. The plan of smaller farms, better cul- tivation and improvements, has already been adopted to some extent, and it is easy to predict that a few years more will bring about a great improvement in this respect. What we have said of Darby, may, in a greater or less degree, be said of all the townships west of the river. Darby creek, which, in size, is worthy the name of river, now forms the eastern boundary of the township, that portion lying east of the creek having been recently set off, on petition, to Scioto township. Its principal tributary is Greenbrier run, which rises in the northwest part of the township, flows southeast, and forms a junc- tion with Darby, just below the township line. Opossum run rises in Madison county, enters Darby township near the northwest corner, and flows south, along the west line, emptying, at Palestine, into Deer creek, which makes a detour into this part of the township. Buskirk’s run, a tributary of Deer creek, and lying mostly in Monroe, heads in this township, a short distance east of Palestine. INDIANS. Indians of the Wyandot tribe, from the region of Upper Sandusky, remained in the township for several years af- ter the first white settlers came. They had a camp on Darby creek, on the farm now owned by David Davis. The place is still known as “Indian thicket,” the ground being at that time thickly covered with black-haw. They buried many of their dead there, and a number of skele- tons, with guns and other implements, have been plowed up. Their intercourse with the whites was of a friendly nature. Three Indians, whose names were Wysock, Canoe and Woyathe, remained in the vicinity for some time after the others had left. They brought in the skins and meat of wild animals, which they exchanged with the settlers for shoes, stockings, and other articles of wear- ing apparel. 288 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND WILD ANIMALS, Game was quite abundant in the township, in its first settlement. Deer were very plenty, and some of the early settlers killed large numbers of them. Venison, and the meat of the wild turkey, were common articles of food with the pioneers. Wolves, wild-cats, opossums, and other smaller game were also numerous. Wild hogs were frequently met with, and were more dreaded, perhaps, than any other of the wild beasts. The genuine wild boar, exasperated by the hunters, was the most terrible creature of the forest, and the hunt was exciting and dan- gerous. His attack was too sudden and headlong to be turned aside or avoided, and the snap of his tusks as he sharpened them, in his fury, was something terrible. Jacob Burget, and Cornelius and William Poulson, while out hunting wild hogs, on one occasion, surrounded an old boar, with immense tusks. The hunters were on horseback, and the hog, in his fury, made an attack on the horse of Cornelius Poulson, cutting his ham-strings. The horse was ruined, and had to be shot, but the men, after a desperate fight, succeeded in killing the beast. His tusks are said to have measured over a foot in length. The wild hogs were not valued for their flesh, but were regarded simply as dangerous pests, and were hunted, mainly to rid the country of them. Jacob Burget, above mentioned, was a great hunter. It is said he wore an Indian suit of deer-skin, and that it was impossible to dis- tinguish him from an Indian, a few rods away. He killed a great many deer, wolves, wild hogs, and, also, several bears, and made hunting a sort of business. SETTLEMENT AND SETTLERS. The first settlements were made on Darby creek and Opossum run, and commenced soon after the year 1800. Among the earliest were several brothers by the name of Poulson— Andrew, Cornelius, John, Elijah, and William. They came from Virginia on pack-horses, in 1800, and located near Chillicothe, on what is known as “big bot- tom.” Two years afterward they came to Darby and set- tled on Darby creek, within a short distance of each other. They were all unmarried when they arrived, and, at length, found their wives here. Andrew finally re- moved to Upper Sandusky. He was a Methodist preacher, and labored as a missionary among the In- dians in that region for some time. William Poulson was twice married--~first to Betsey England, and, sce- ond, tv Nancy ‘l'anner, who survives him and occupies the old homestead. Five of the eleven children of Will- iam Poulson, now living, reside in Darby, viz.: Sarah, Andrew, Thomas R., David, Elias, and Phebe. Andrew Poulson is the oldest native resident of the township; he was born in 1816. He has becn justice of the peace for twenty-seven years, and eight terms in succession. In 1859 he was elected sheriff of the county, serving two years. One of the first settlers on Opossum run was Peter Long, who came from Rockingham county, Virginia, in 1804 or 1805. He bought, and settled on, the farm now owned by Isaac Mantles, where he resided until his death, June 1, 1852, aged eighty-one years, He died in the PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. woods, and was devoured by wild beasts. Only a frag- ment of his clothes was afterward discovered. His grandsons—Peter, Jacob, John—and granddaughter— Mary (Mrs. Oglesbee)—reside in Madison county. Courtney ‘Tanner moved in from Kentucky, about the year 1804 or 1805, and settled where Stephen Self now lives, on the farm of Abraham Alkire. His wife, Mary Ann (Alkire), died soon after their settlement, and he subsequently returned to Kentucky, and married Hannah Francis, who survived him. His children were seven in number (two being by his first wife), as follows: Harvey, Betsey (Mrs. Wood), Rebecca (Mrs. William Heath), John, Harrict (Mrs. Robert Manley), Eliza (Mrs. Wesley McCollister), and Edward. John Tanner married Mar- garet Alkire, and after a residence in Pickaway county about eighteen months, settled in Madison county, where. Mrs. Tanner still lives. He died here, March 4, 1868. Mrs. Tanner is now in her sixty-seventh year, and has three children—Courtney, Abraham and Margaret (Mrs. William ‘Vaylor). Isaac Alkire, born in Kentucky in 1789, came to Ohio with his father, William Alkire, in 1804. William Alkire bought a considerable tract of land in Madison county, and settled there, Isaac and John, his sons, settled in Darby. Isaac, in 1811, married Mary Graham, and located where his daughter, Mrs. Bostwick, now lives. He died May 16, 1877, and his wife, November 14, 1876, aged nearly seventy. They had four sons and four daughters, all now living. Forbes and Jackson live in Indiana; William, George and Mrs. Lewis Green, in Madison county; Mrs. Aristeus Hulse, in Jackson town- ship; Mrs. F. C. Bostwick, in Darby, and Mrs. V. H. Moore, in Circleville. John Alkire married Susan Man- tles, and settled on the farm now owned by Abraham Alkire, where Courtney Tanner formerly lived. He afterwards located on Opossum run, in Madison county, and continued to reside there until his death. Isaac McHenry settled in the northwest corner of the township, on Opossum run, about the year 1807, coming from the State of Kentucky. He was a Baptist preacher, and preached throughout the neighborhood. He event- ually lost his land, his claim proving invalid, and he re- moyed to Allen county, Ohio. Obediah P. Thomas, about the same time, settled on the Wilson farm, now occupied by Scott Robinson, and resided there until his death. A few years subsequently John Mantles, sr., from Vir- ginia, settled where his grandson, Duncan Mantles, now lives. He was a man of great size, weighing, at his death, November 5, 1831, four hundred and eighty pounds. He was born in the year 1765. His wife died October 11, 1846. ‘Their youngest son, David, married Matilda Noland, and resided on the old homestead until his death, His children — Duncan, Isaac, and John—reside in Darby, and Miranda (wife of W. 'T. Fitzgerald) in Madison county. Isaac Woods, a son-in-law of John Mantles, was a member of a company, from this neigh- borhood, which was sent out against the Indians, in the war of 1812, While returning home, at the expiration of his term 0° service, and in sight of his house, he shot HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. himself, accidentally, in the act of getting over a fence. In 1812 John Gilliland came from Jackson county, Ohio, and settled on Opossum run, and his brother An- drew about the same time. John finally removed to Illi- nois, but Andrew resided in the township until his death, in 1832. His son Samuel now occupies the old place. Thomas Noland joined the settlement on this stream in the year 1815, moving in from Maryland. Richard Heath was an early settler on the place now owned by John Mantles. He resided there for six or seven years, taking a lease of John Mantles, sr. He married a sister of Thomas Tipton, and, afterward, set- tled on Darby creek. He eventually moved to Missouri, where he died. John Bowman was an early settler on the Morgan farm, east of Darby creek. James Morse settled, at an early date, where Joseph Crossley now lives; and Jonas Deyo on the place now occupied by George Reed. Morse was a mechanic; he had a blacksmith shop, but was principally engaged in the manufacture of plows. He came from New England. Benjamin Davis emigrated from Maryland, in 1802 or 1803. He first located near Williamsport, Deer Creek township, on the George Wood farm. He afterwards moved to Monroe township, and later, to Darby. He finally removed to Indiana, where he died in March, 1873. His wife died in Monroe township, Pickaway county. He had a family of ten children, of whom one son and two daughters are living—John Davis, in Darby, and Mrs. Cutler and Mrs, Canahan, in Indiana. Charles Bell came from Virginia, in 1824, and settled on Darby creek, now Muhlenberg township, where he lived until his death, in 1846. His son, John W. Bell, married, in 1836, Susan Ann Henderson, whose father, Charles Henderson, was an early settler in the vicinity of Chillicothe. Mr. Bell located in this township, in 1836, near where his widow now lives. He died May 3, 1862. Mrs. Bell has nine children, A daughter is the wife of J. W. Sheets, the present township clerk. Elisha Cory, an old settler, opened up the farm op- posite the residence of Thomas D. Ridgway, and lived there until his death. Sampson B. Smith, of Maryland, with his wife, Mar- garet Hill, came to Darby in 1824, and settled on the -farm now owned by Cyrus Comstock, where he contin- ved to reside until his death, in October, 1876 His wife died the March previous. Six of the nine children born to them are now living, and in this township, to wit: Mrs. W. J. Shockley, William, George W., Mrs. Lewis Ballah, Mrs. Richard Dick, and Samuel. In 1826, Joseph Dalby, with his wife and four chil- dren, arrived from Frederick county, near Winchester, Virginia, and settled where his daughter, Mrs. David Hurst now lives, and died there September, 1876. He was twice married, and was the father of twelve children, -who lived to adult age, and were married. Ten are now living, three of whom reside in this township, as follows : Mary Jane (widow of Thomas Jackson); Hannah (wife of Theodore Gantz); and Mrs. Hurst, above mentioned. A son, Scribner V. Dalby, lives in Harrisburg, Franklin 37 289 county; and Israel, near London, Madison county. The other children, except Dr. I.,.N. Dalby, who lives in Cleve- land, reside in the west. Seth Morton came to Ohio from New England in 1832, and located first in Circleville, where he engaged in the manufacture of cigars. A year or two afterwards he moved to Monroe township, settling at ‘Five Points,” where he resided three years, when he moved to the place now occupied by his widow, on the Circleville pike, in the same township. He died there in April, 1870. He was married twice, and had eleven children. His son Sidney, who married Mary J. Neff, resides in this township. Samuel Ridgway and family came from Bourbon county, Kentucky, in the year 1812, and settled near Chillicothe, where he died, February, 1837. Thomas D., his son, now living in Darby, aged seventy years, married Eliza Mattson in October, 1833, who died in the fall of 1842. In 1845 he removed to this township, and two years afterward married Rebecca Smith, who died March 4, 1878. Mr. Ridgway has served as trustee of this township for seventeen years. Robert McDowell came to Ohio from Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1837. He worked at black- smithing for about eighteen months at Harrisburg, Franklin county, and afterwards established a tannery at Palestine, which, in connection with Stacey Waldo, he carried on for several years. He then purchased fifty- three acres of the farm he now owns and on which he has since resided. He married, March 7, 1844, Cath- arine H. Neff. They have two children living and one deceased. John W. Kennedy came from Mifflin county, Penn- sylvania, in June, 1839. He had learned the carpenter’s trade in Pennsylvania, and worked, on his trip to Ohio, at different points—first at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, then at Wooster, Ohio, and other places. He finally reached Palestine, in this township, in company with Frederick L. Smith, where they both decided to remain. In November, 1840, Mr. Kennedy married Mrs. Mary E. Taylor, since which time he has resided in his present location. He has three sons, namely, Henry S., living in Madison county; William J., a physician, residing at East Ringgold; and Samuel W., at home. Frederick L. Smith married, December 25, 1839, Sarah Smith, and resided in Palestine several years, when he moved to Madison county. Subsequently he removed to Harrison Mills, Fayette county, where he died. Benjamin F. Renick has been a resident of Darby since 1841. On the fifteenth of November, of that year, he married Sarah Williams, by whom he had two children; | his wife died March 14, 1854, and December 8, 1856, he was united in marriage to Mary Taylor. The result of this union is eight children, four girls and four boys, all of whom are living. A sketch of Mr. Renick’s ancestry is given in Jackson township. CHURCH HISTORY. The first religious meetings in. Darby were held by - Thomas Reynolds, a Methodist exhorter, who came from 290 Virginia about the same time that the Poulson brothers came. He lived to be eighty years old, and was a zeal- ous and earnest christian. Robert Finley, a traveling Methodist preacher, was the first regular clergyman in this section. He had a son, James, who was a missionary among the Indians at Upper Sandusky. Andrew Poulson says he remembers well the first camp-meeting in the township, held by the Methodists, on Darby creek, in which James Finley and three or four of his Indian con- verts took an active part. One of these Indians was the well-known Between-the-Logs, who preached, on this oc- casion, in his native language, his sermon being inter- preted by a negro who traveled with him for that purpose. Jacob Young, a Methodist, and Isaac McHenry, a Baptist, were among the pioneer preachers of Darby. The first church in the township was the log house now used as a dwelling by a tenant of widow Bell. It was erected by the Methodists in 1844, and was called the Free Will church, any denomination that chose to do so, being allowed to worship in it. The Methodist society was formed long prior to the erection of a meeting-house, and held their meetings in a barn which then stood on the farm now owned by Mrs. Bell, and, also, at the house of father Reynolds, and that of John Bowman. The Reynolds, Bowmans, Poulsons, Tiptons, Rains, and some others, constituted the society. The organization subse- quently disbanded, but, finally, re-organized, and wor- shiped in the school-house near the old Free Will church, for five years. The Renick church, so called because of the interest and activity shown in its erection by Mr. Benjamin F. Renick, was built in 1870, costing about two thousand, three hundred dollars. tor of the church is the Rev. Mr. Callahan, of Darbyville. John W. Sheets is leader of the class. A United Brethren class was organized at Palestine, about the year 1844, by Rev. Henry Jones and Rev. Jesse Bright. The constituent members were: Nimrod Huffman and wife, Jeremiah Deyo and wife, Daniel Al- kire and wife. The meetings were first held at the dwell- ings of the members, and, subsequently, at a school-house on Deer creek. A frame meeting-house was erected at Palestine about the year 1850, which, at this writing, is still standing, though it has not been used for several years. ‘The church flourished for a number of years, and until the war of the Rebellion, when questions of a po- litical nature caused dissension and division amongst members, and the society was finally broken up. A new church, to be erected on the site of the old one, is now talked of, for which three or four hundred dollars are already subscribed. It will be under the control of no one denomination, but will be open, alike, to all churches of orthodox belief. EARLY SCHOOLS. The first school in Darby was kept in a rude log cabin, built for a school-house, which stood on cedar-cliff hill, on Darby creek. The first teacher, or one of the earliest, was John Poulson. This was probably about the year 1815. The next school-house was erected in the north part of the township, near Harrisburg. The first school- The present pas-. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. house in the Alkire neighborhood stood just above the orchard, on the farm of Abraham Alkire, in which the first term of school was taught by Michael Hornbeck. Soon after the settlement on Opossum run was com- menced, a school-house was built just across the line, in Madison county, on the farm now owned by Samuel Boyd, and here the children, in this neighborhood, first attended school. The stone—a big “hard head”— which constituted the back of the fire-place, still remains in position. One of the earliest teachers in this house was Simon Cochran. He was a Methodist preacher, and, at the time of his death, was the oldest minister of that denominatidn. The first school in Palestine was kept by Miss Emmerett Moore, in a building now occupied by John Skinner. MILLS. The first grist-mill on Darby creek, in this township, was the Harrisburg mill, erected by Joseph Chenoweth, as long ago as 1835. It is now owned by John W. Rush and Owen T. Curry. Chenoweth built there a short time before, the first saw-mill in the township, which was finally burned down, and the present mill subsequently erected. A carding machine was established at the same place by Elijah Chenoweth and Alfred Bird. There have been two other grist-mills in the township, on Darby creek—the Kepler mill built by James Kepler, and located about five miles below Harrisburg, near “yellow bank,” and, a mile further down, the Garrison mill, erected by John G. Garrison. This was purchased by John W. McKinley. . FIRST ROAD. The old “Federal road,” opened by the general govern- ment, and which ran across the southwest corner of the township, was the first road in Darby. The original road of the Circleville and London pike, was surveyed and opened under the superintendence of Judge Thomas Renick, of Jackson township. EARLY MAGISTRATES, The earliest justice of the peace now remembered by the oldest inhabitants, was Humphrey Becket, who was elected about the year 1820. He lived on Greenbrier run, on what is now the line between Darby and Muhlen- berg. He served a number of years, and was followed successively by John Henderson, William King, John Poulson, John ‘Troutner and Andrew Poulson. The latter served for twenty-four consecutive years, and was elected for one term subsequently. The early elections were held, for several years, at the house of Edward Henderson, where George Smith now lives. The follow- ing are the present township officers: John W. Sheets, clerk; Joseph Davis, Joseph McKinley and J. P. Dick, trustees; Courtney Tanner, treasurer; Edson Deyo, as- sessor; J. F, Morgan and G. W. Smith, justices of the peace. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Olds was the first resident physician in Darby. He settled at Palestine about 1830, and practiced until his death. Dr. Harriman came next, from Jefferson, and practiced several years, when he returned to Jefferson, and was followed by Dr. William Wilson. He came “OIHO “OD AVMYNOIJ “d] ASUVG ‘SIAVG Hd ; : s RA WJWOH Add VH as 3SOf 40 3ONIGISIY Ns ae “ SIAVO Hdasor ‘su *Stava 0) Tae ee OFNIAITIONID * uadNadS AB SOLOHd HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 2g1 from New Holland, and remained two years, when he re- moved to Darbyville. Dr. Roswell Shepherd came from Vermont about the year 1838, and practiced a number of years and until his death. Dr. George W. House, and Dr. Cromley practiced medicine here a few years, coming from Columbus. The last physician in the township was Dr. W. T. Williman, who came from Logan, Hocking county, in the fall of 1862. He remained until the spring of 1878, when he removed to Mt. Sterling, where he is now in practice. tioned resided at Palestine. PALESTINE, For the following facts we are indebted to John Ray and John W. Kennedy. The little hamlet of Palestine, situated on Deer creek, on the western border of the township, and now consist- ing of one small store, two or three mechanic shops, and about a dozen dwelling houses, was once a stirring little place. It was laid out about the year 1829, by Josiah Rush and George Alkire. The old tavern, built by Mitchell and Pritchard, and now occupied by Thomas Brown, was one of the first buildings erected in the place. Rush & Alkire opened the first store, on the northwest corner of the crossing of the two pikes, in a little building now standing in the rear of the present store. John V. Davis’ was the first store kept in the frame building, now vacant, on the southeast corner. Samuel Diffenderfer brought in a stock of goods from Circleville, but subsequently moved back there. Thomas Fellows started in trade, and continued for a time, then — moved away. Joseph Tenney, of New Hampshire, a clerk of Fellows, subsequently opened a store where the present store of S. S. Fetherolf now stands, in a building © Ten- now occupied as a dwelling by Charles Ketchum. ney sold goods there many years, and acquired a fortune. He finally sold out to Jerrold Sweatland and returned to New Hampshire. Sweatland carried on the business with success for several years. George Neff & Son fol- lowed Sweatland. They moved out the old store and erected the building now occupied by S. S. Fetherolf. These were the principal early traders in Palestine. The only post-office in the township was established here in All of the physicians above men- ' Joseph Tenney’s store, with Tenney as postmaster. The present postmaster is S. S. Fetherolf. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. JOSEPH DAVIS, one of the substantial and successful farmers of Darby township, was born August 22, 1838. His parents, John and Elizabeth (Crabb) Davis, were among the pioneers of Pickaway county, and now reside in the south part of this township, where they settled many years ago. They were born in Deer Creek township; the father, August 18, 1807, and the mother, December 23, 1819. They have had a family of ten children—Vincent, Martha, William, Joseph, Isaac, David, Thomas, Mary, Fletcher, and Amanda. Vincent, Martha (afterwards wife of William Davis), and Isaac, are deceased ; William and Fletcher are residents of Monroe township; David lives in Darby; and Thomas, in Bates county, Missouri; Mary is the wife of Frederick Owen, and resides in Monroe township; and Amanda, wife of William McDowell, re- sides in Denver, Colorado. Joseph, the subject of this notice, was married Febru- ary 15, 1865, to Virginia A., daughter of Joel and Catharine A. Burnley, who was born November 16, 1843. He located where he now resides, on a farm of two hun- dred and eighty-six acres, which he has since carried on with good judgment and success, giving special attention to the raising of stock. Mr. Davis has held the office of township trustee for six years, and was the Republican candidate for county commissioner, in 1877, but the county being overwhelmingly Democratic, failed of an election. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Davis, viz.: Lora B., born August 10, 1868; Filicia Scott, born August 22, 1875. A view of the residence of the family (called “Happy Home”), in connection with their por- traits, is published herewith. DEER CREEK, The broad acres, rich with their store of waving wheat or rustling corn, the large number of substantial, and, often, luxuriant homes, and the general air of thrift to be seen in almost every portion of the township, have noth- ing to remind the chance visitant of the dangers and hardships which the first settlers here, the brave pioneers, peacefully sleeping, many of them, upon the domain which they cultivated, were called upon to endure. The surface of this township is a level plain, except along its principal stream, where it is broken, or rolling. The soil, principally clay, is better adapted to the grow- ing of corn than other grains, though wheat is largely grown, and is a profitable crop. The only stream of importance is that from which the township derives its name. This enters at the northwest corner, flowing a short distance northeast; its course then changes to a general southeast direction, to near the cen- ter of the township, where it assumes a nearly due south course, flowing across the south line of the township, at a point nearly central, east and west. This stream affords several mill sites. Other small streams, tributary to Deer creek, are found in the township, among which may be mentioned Hay run, on the east, and Yellow Bud creek, onthe west. These streams are, however, unimportant. Deer Creek township is situated on the extreme south- ern boundary of Pickaway county. Its territory is a part of the Virginia military lands, and its boundaries are as follows: On the north, the township of Jackson and Mon- roe; south, Deerfield township, Ross county; east, Wayne township, and west, Perry township. SETTLEMENT. The following is prepared from personal interviews. The writer has endeavored to give, in the course of this history, the name of each pioneer, or early settler. Many will be found in that portion devoted to organization and churches, and when reliable data could be had, he has given to each, brief bivgraphical notices. Following are the names, in part, of pioneers who have no living repre- sentatives in the township; the date of their coming was near the dawning of the present century: Samuel Wilson (who was generally known as the “old powder- maker”), Samuel Hanson, Michael Wolfe, Andrew ‘Tay- lor, Homer Starbill (who was, it is thought, the first blacksmith in the township), John English, Bartholomew Baker and two sons—Joseph and Martin—(who were preachers, rough in their oratory, yet effective withal), and William Scott. There are, without doubt, others whose names are worthy of mention, but are not remem- bered. The numerous representatives of the Rector family, (292) now residents of Deer Creek township, sprang from a Virginia ancestry. Edward Rector was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, in 1786. When eight years of age his father died, leaving a widow and five children, of whom Edward was the eldest. In the fall of 1798 the family moved to the Northwest Territory. The mother and the four youngest children made the trip from Wheeling to Portsmouth in a flat-boat. Edward, then but twelve years of age, followed a blazed trail (Clark and Lewis’) to Chillicothe, riding one horse and leading another. At Chillicothe, the family occupied one of the three cabins at that time constituting this village. In the spring of 1799, the family moved on to a farm near the mouth of Deer creek. Edward Rector married, in December, 1809, Miss Peggy Brown, and, in the following spring, located on the farm now owned by William Bennett. Here he remained until 1823, when he moved on to the Yellow Bud farm, still occupied by his heirs. By his first wife, who died in 1839, eight children were born. His second wife was Miss Sophronia H. Blodgett, by whom seven children were born, two only of whom are now living. Edward Rector died August 11, 1876. His widow still survives him, residing, at this time, with a daughter (Mrs. Bolin) in Circleville. Henry Rector married Elizabeth Hotsenpiler, and settled on the farm now owned. by Cyrus Courtright, on Yellow Bud creek. On this place he died, April 15, 1854. In 1861 his widow was killed bya runaway horse. The children of this couple numbered six. Of these, but one — Amos— now resides in Deer Creek township. John R. Rector married Miranda Wiggins, and located on the farm now owned by George Bennett, on Yellow Bud creek. Ten children were born by the first wife, who died, and he married Miss Sue McCoy. John R. Rector died January 14, 1878. ‘hese were truly pioneers; the advance guard of the brave band who have made the “wilderness to blossom as the rose.” Their coming “was in the twilight of the first century of our repuhlic.” Michael Alkire was born in 1771, near Moorfield, Virginia. In 1793 he married Dorothy Phebus, and the following year removed, by flat-boat, down the Kanawha, to Herodsburg, Kentucky, where he remained until 1798 ; he then came to Ohio. The-first two years he lived at, or near, what is now called the Frybeck property, on the plains, and not far from the “Logan elm.” In 1800, he purchased, of Colonel Evans, and others, the farm in Deer Creek township, now occupied by his heirs. Here he became a farmer, and engaged extensively in stock raising, and dealing. He died on February 11, 1843. Mrs. Alkire survived him some years, dying May 11, 1854, aged eighty-two years. The children, three of HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 293 whom were born prior to removal to Ohio, are: John M., Nimrod, Sarah, Nancy, who was born in 1803, was among the first births in the township; married Captain E. Halstead, and is now deceased; William M. who married Mary Alkire, and lives in Deer Creek township; ‘Catharine, Ruanna, James M., and Alexander, who are deceased ; and Benjamin F., who has been twice married, and is a widower, and now lives on the home farm, of which he owns over four hundred acres. Simon, Michael, and Isaac Hornbeck, came from Bath county, Kentucky, to Ohio, not far from the year 1800. They were natives of Virginia. Many descendants of these brothers now live in this township. David Yates came from Culpepper county, Virginia, to Ohio, locating in Paint Creek, in Ross county, about the year 1800. Here he married Christina Edmiston. About 1806, he removed to Deer Creek township, and located permanently on the farm now owned by his son, John. Mr. Yates was connected with the manufacturing interests of the township from its infancy. He died March 31, 1840. Mrs. Yates survived him several years, dying early in August, 1855. The children were: Thomas Lovell, who married Susanna Saunders, and was recently living in California; John, who married Betsey Blue ; Reason, who married Hannah Edmiston ; Nancy, who married Joseph Saunders; Elizabeth, who married David Butler; David, who married Nancy Edmiston, (these are deceased); Mary A., who married Arthur Whiteside, is widowed, and now resides at New Hol- land; Emily, who married William Rector, and is de- ceased; Joseph, who married Louisa Wiggens, and Joshua O., who married Catharine Whiteside. The two last reside near Manson, Iowa. Moses Colvin, of Kentucky, settled on the farm now occupied by Jacob J. Myers, in about 1800, and upon this he passed the remaining years of his life. George and Samuel Phebus, two brothers, from near Dorchester, Maryland, settled in Deer Creek township in 1801. They lived continuously in Deer Creek until their death. A large family of children were left, none of whom now reside in the township. George Ater, who was a soldier in the Revolution, and disabled while in the service, resided near Fredericktown, Virginia; here his wife died, and, in the spring of 1799, he came to Ohio, settling in Deer Creek township, on the farm now owned by R. Rector. The members of Mr. Ater’s family, who came at this time, were: Abraham, who married Charity Eveland, in Virginia; Isaac, who married Elizabeth Smith ; Catharine, who married Oswell Thomp- son; Jacob, who married Nancy Sollars; Polly, who mar- ried James Smith ; George, who married Elizabeth Watts ; Samuel, who married Margaret Hines; Thomas, who married Eliza Brown, and William, who married Marga- ret Colson. Numerous descendants of this family are now residents of Deer Creek township. John Baker, whose place of nativity was near Provi- dence, Rhode Island, came to Qhio in 1799, settling on the bank of the Scioto river, on Evan’s prairie. In about 1801, he located permanently in Deerfield, Ross county, Ohio, where he died in 1841. His wife survived, him ! some fifteen years. In this family were seven children, two of whom, Joseph and William, settled in Deer Creek township. The former remained here some fifteen years, and removed to Pike county, Illinois. William married Sarah Jackson, and, after a residence of fifteen years upon the farm now occuped by his son, John, removed to Deerfield, where he died, about the year 1865. Mrs. Baker died a year previous. They left but two children: John, who married Mary Parker, and lives on the old farm, and Peter, who married Harriet Harrington, and now lives in Kansas. Edward Davison, from Bourbon county, Kentucky, settled in Deer Creek township, in 1803. Here the mother died, soon after. Mr. Davison died in August, 1827, aged seventy-seven years. He wasa soldier of the Revolution, an Indian-fighter on the “dark and bloody ground” of Kentucky, and an intrepid hunter in the back- woods of Ohio. He was opposed to slavery, and came to Ohio that he might not witness its evil effects. There were seven children in the family, four of whom are now living: Robert, now living in Darke county; John, who lives in Washington county, lowa; Lydia (Mrs. Cumberford), and William, who married Rachel Ater, and lives on the old homestead. James Smith came from near Alexandria, Virginia, to Ross county, in 1799. In 1804 he removed to Deer Creek township, living in different locations until 1811, when he purchased a farm, now owned by a son, Alexan- der (who was born in the home he yet occupies). Here Mr. Smith engaged in farming, which he prosecuted suc- cessfully the remainder of his life. He died October 16, 1831. Mrs. Smith survived him many years. The date of her decease was April 26, 1872. Their children numbered seven. Of these, Pency, Elizabeth, Maria, Phebe aud Margaret, are deceased. Alexander remains on the old homestead, consisting of two hundred ard sixty acres. James married Rebecca Marsh, and lives in Ross county. John, George, Charles and Thomas Wood, brothers, originally from near Harpers Ferry, Virginia, came to Ohio in about 1805. John and George settled in Chilli- cothe, where they engaged in merchandising, and amassed comfortable fortunes; they are now deceased. Charles and Thomas settled in Franklin county, where they passed the residue of their lives. Thomas married Elizabeth Ramsey, by whom five children were born; three are yet living—Mary, who lives in Illinois; George, who married Hannah E. Ingham, and resides in Deer Creek township (the owner of sixteen hundred acres of land), and Lewis, who is now in the mines of Colorado. During the war of 1812, Thomas Wood acted as a spy, carried the mails and did various duties connected with the army requiring great bravery. He was quite celebrated as a hunter in the early days. Gladstone Colston married Polly Voss. He was a native of Maryland, and died there. His widow, with three children, came to Deer Creek, early in its settle- ment, where she died many years since. Of the chil- dren, Henry, the eldest, settled in Ross county; Nancy married, and is now deceased; and Margaret, who 294 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. married William Ater, still resides in Deer Creek. Josiah Reeves, from near Culpepper Court House, Vir- ginia, emigrated to’ Deer Creek township in 1808, where he reared a numerous family, none of whom now reside in the township. Ebenezer Davis, who lived on the west branch of the Potomac river, in Virginia, emigrated to Ohio in 1813, arriving in Deer Creek township in November of that year. During the first years of his settlement he lived on the farm now owned by George Wood. In 1817 he re- moved to Williamsport village, and opencd a hotel, the sec- ond one in the township. Mr. Davis became quite promi- nent in public affairs. In 1848 he removed to Indiana, where he died two years later. Mrs. Davis died in 1846. The family consisted of ten children, but three of whom are now living—Sarah (Mrs. Douglas), who now lives near Danville, Illinois; Ebenezer S., who married Sedalia McFarland, ‘and lives in Williamsport, where he has been postmaster since 1835; and Margaret, who married John L. Barns, and lives in Washington, Fayette county, Ohio. Jacob Terwilliger came from Ulster county, New York, to Deer Creek in 1815, and located on land now owned by Cyrus Courtright, where he died, June 10, 1828, leaving a wife and one child. The latter became the wife of John W. Wiggins. Mrs. Terwilliger subsequently became the wife of Jeremiah Brown, esq., and is now deceased. Philip Terwilliger reached Deer Creek the year follow- ing his brother’s arrival. His selection of land was also on Yellow Bud Creek, where he accumulated a fine p-operty, owning, at the time of his death, one thousand acres of land. He died March 23, 1858, and his wife, Mary, died in 1868. One child was born prior to coming to Ohio—Eliza, now the wife of Isaac Hal- stead, of Indiana. The following children were born in Ohio: Abram, Sarah, Jacob, David, Catharine, John, and Lewis, all of whom are living except Sarah, who died in Michigan. James Rose, also from Ulster county, arrived in Deer Creek in June, 1818, where he spent his remaining years, dying September 6, 1861. Mr. Rose was thrice mar- ried. The children, all born of the first marriage, were six in number-—Levi, James, Sarah, Jonathan, Peter, who was quite a public man, serving as State represen- tative, etc, and Abraham—three of whom are now living. Henry Grove was born in Virginia, married there, and soon after the close of the war of 1812 settled in Ross county, near the southern line of Deer Creek township. He died in Franklin county. There were six children in the family—John, who married Hannah Lackey, and died on the farm still occupied by his widow; Henry, Polly, William, Abraham, and Sarah, all deceased. John Lackey, who was a captain in the war of the Revolution, came from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1813, and located in Ross county, where both himself and wife died. The children: wete: Reason, Thomas, Ira (deceased), Hannah (Mrs. Grove), Richard, Sanford, Anna (Mrs. J. Henley), Maria (Mrs. John Ritchey), and Susan (Mrs. Kennel). George Bennett, a native of Winchester, Virginia, mar- ried Margaret Perrill, of the same place. ° Three children were born there—John (deceased), Elizabeth (Mrs. Philip Foresman), and James, who married Matilda Renick, October 14, 1848. His children are George, Mary, and John, and live in Deer Creek. In 1820 George Ben- nett removed, with his family, to Ohio, making his first halt in Chillicothe, where he remained until 1825, when he located permanently on the farm now owned by his son, William, where he engaged in the stock business, in which he continued actively during the remainder of his life. He died May 31, 1858, and his wife soon followed, dying December 31st, of the same year. The children born in Ohio are: William, who occupies the old farm, Rebecca (deceased), and Helen (Mrs. F. W. Renick). James and William have farms of nearly twelve hundred acres each. FIRST EVENTS. ‘The writer has met with very indifferent success in his search for data from which to prepare items for this topic. Among the first deaths in Deer Creek township, was the wife of Edward Davison, which event occurred soon after the family settled in the township, in 1803. The body was interred in the Christian burying-ground at Williamsport. In the fall of 1813 John Redin suffered death by his own hand. His body was rescued from the flames of his cabin, which he had fired previous to taking his life, and his remains were interred in the Christian cemetery. The beautiful cemetery on the west side of Deer creek, near Williamsport, was first occupied in 1875. George Gordy’s remains were the first buried there. A post-office was established at Williamsport in the year 1816. John Williams was commissioned postmas- ter, but he soon resigned, and was succeeded by Eben- ezer Davis, who, in turn, gave way to Ebenezer S. Davis, esq., the present incumbent. The pioneer store was opened by aman named Foresman, in 1815, in a small building on Water street, yet standing, and now owned by A. D. Radcliff. This store closed in perhaps one year, and the village was without a store until 1822, when Joseph G, Dodridge began the mercantile business. ‘The present merchants are: Wesley Davis, M. S. Leiby, John Henson and Ebenezer S. Davis, general merchan- dise; Dr. G. W. Hurst, drugs ; Thomas Henson, groceries; John R. Wilkinson, tinware. The first orchard in the township was planted by P. H. Baker, as early as 1810, on lands now in about the center of Williamsport village. George Reid also planted an orchard about the same time. Many of these trees are now standing upon the lands of E, S. Davis, esq., within the limits of the village. The pioneer hotel was kept by John Wilson. It was located in Williamsport. Ebenezer Davis afterwards kept a house of entertainment for a series of years. John Harmount is the host of the only hotel now in the township. ‘This is situated in Williamsport village. ORGANIZATION, It is impossible, at this time, to ascertain the exact date when Deer Creek was erected a township. It was, however, prior to the formation of Pickaway county, and HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. while this territory was attached to Ross county. The earliest record of an election now extant is as follows: “At an election held at the house of Jesse Fizgerald, in Deer Creek township, on the first Monday in April, 1816, John Timmons, John Teverbaugh, and Jacob Funk, were chosen judges, and Thomas Williams and Jonah Rust, clerks of said election.” Following is a list of the officers elected:. Thomas Williams, John Teverbaugh, and John Timmons, trustees; David Yates, clerk; James Burbridge, treasurer; Simon and Jesse Hornbeck, overseers of the poor; John Mottester and David Crabill, fence-viewers ; John Rust, lister; William G. Cantrill and Andrew Mot- ter, constables; Benjamin Freeman, Charles Hays, Will- iam B. Baley, Jesse Fitzgerald, Christopher Cardiff, and Moses Colom, supervisors. Among the first justices of the peace were David Yates, Isaac Cade, and Alexander Rowen. On March 3, 1817, the following persons were chosen grand jurors: Isaac Hornbeck, James Burbridge, Benson Goldsberry, William B. Bailey, James Davis, Jo- seph Hays, Thomas Crabill, Edward Rector, Jeremiah Brown, William Baker, George Alkire, and Alexander Rowen; and the following, who are designated as travis jurors: William Burbridge, Simon Hornbeck, Andrew Motter, Peter Brown, John Littleton, Peter Mouser, John Mills, John Maddux, Jesse Hays, and Moses Colvin. Of all these names, none are living at this time in the town- ship, many are dead, and some, perhaps, living in other localities, while but few have descendants in the township. , The township officers for 1879 are: William Bennett, William C. Ater, and George Betts, trustees: Dr. George W. Hurst, clerk; Dr. T. F. White, treasurer; A. McGath, assessor; Thomas Sweetman and James K. Walston, con- stables; and Jacob Baughman and Henry McGath, jus- tices of the peace. WILLIAMSPORT. This place, which was at one time much greater than the little hamlet of to-day, was platted on February 27, 1818, and the same recorded, on the ninth of March sub- sequent, by Johnson Hunter, recorder of Pickaway county. The early records cannot now be found, but it is thought the date of its incorporation was in the year 1842. For some years the annual elections were held and the routine business transacted, as required bylaw. Finally, so much indifference was shown that the elections ceased, by de- fault, and the act of incorporation became virtually ex- tinct. This condition of affairs remained the same until the year 1858, when an election was held for village offi- cers. During the Rebellion no elections were held. July 2, 1866, a third reorganization occurred, when the follow- ing officers were elected: James Marshall, mayor; J. D. Andrews, recorder; D. L. Knowles, treasurer; Dr. George W. Hurst, Dr. J. W. Hunsicker, Captain William B. Davis, A. D. Baughman, and A. D. Radcliff, trustees. Follow- ing are the names of those who have served as mayor since that period: Jacob Baughman, J. D. Andrews, Dr. G. W. Hurst, and A. D. Radcliff. J. D. Andrews is the present incumbent; T. Henson, treasurer; G. R. Baugh- man, clerk; Dr. T. C. Tipton, Dr. G. W. Hurst, A. L. Harmount, John Briner, A. J. Walton, and J. R. Wilkin- son, members of council. ‘the wonderful religious excitement, 295 THE WILLIAMSPORT CORNET BAND was organized February 5, 1876, with the following mem- bers: Captain William B. Davis, leader; W. E. L. Manly, A. L. Harmount, E. Blacker, C. C. Phebus, S. Pickle, J. B. Rose, J. Goody, I. B. Barnes, C. O. Eycke, C. T. Harmount, C. L. Lee, and R. W. Messmore. This band has a fine set of instruments, costing three hundred and twenty-five dollars. The following changes have occurred in the membership since organization: L. Rector, ace C. T. Harmount; D. P. Walston, zzce C. L. Lee; and F. Hellagen, zzce J. B. Rose. MINERAL SPRING. There is a chalybeate spring at Williamsport, the me- dicinal properties of which are said to be similar to the Delaware spring. Its waters are largely used by the resi- dents within an area of several miles surrounding Will- jamsport. CHURCHES. Soon after a settlement was begun at Williamsport, the cause of Christ obtained a foothold that has continued to grow stronger until the present day. Contemporane- ous with the dawning of the present century, occurred characterized by various bodily contortions, but generally known as the “jerks.” ‘These were, we believe, first seen in the west, at a camp-meeting held at Cain Ridge, Kentucky. In 1803, or, at least, as early as that, we are informed by Ebenezer S. Davis, from whom we obtained the data for this sketch, Rev. Barton W. Stone came to the infant settlement, and immediately began preaching the word of God in the wilderness. Rev. Mr. Stone. was one of the leading spirits in the famous camp-meeting above re- ferred to. The pioneer meetings were held at the house of George Alkire, and the subsequent year, 1804, a church was formed (denominated the New Light and Later Christian church), consisting in part of the follow- ing persons: Isaac Cade and wife; John Teverbaugh and wife; George Alkire and wife; Isaac W. Hornback and wife; and Simon Hornback and wife ; and from this small beginning has grown a church now having a mem- bership of two hundred and twenty-five persons. As early as 1810 a hewed log meeting-house was con- structed, at, or near, the residence of Dr. T. C. Tipton. In 1816, this building was disposed of, and a small frame church built, located upon ground now occupied by this society as a cemetery. This, a few years later, became too small to accommodate the rapidly increasing congregation, and a larger one was constructed near it. This building was occupied untill 1869, when the pres- ent commodious brick church edifice was completed. This building is in size forty by fifty-six feet, and cost complete, four thousand dollars. In is located upon land donated for the purpose, by Ebenezer S. Davis, esq. The trustees for building the church were: C. Hornback, John J. Alkire, C. W. Crabill, B. Radcliffe, and L. Wal- son. The present church management is: Ebenezer S. Davis and C. Hornback, deacons; E. S. Davis, treas- urer; and T. W. Crabill, clerk; Dr. George W. Hurst is superintendent of the Sabbath-school, which has an attend- 296 ance of one hundred scholars. The following ministers have presided over this church: Revs. Messrs. Stone, Joseph Badger, George Zimmerman, William Kincade, James Hays, Matthew Gardner, James Marom, George Alkire, James Burbridge, Isaac N. Walter, S. Bradford, Joseph Thomas, Daniel Long, John L. Green, Isaac Cade, Benjamin Seevers, John L. Perkins, Enoch Har- vey, Thomas Hand, N. Dawson, C. A. Morse, T. A. Brandon, Peter McCullough, William Overterf, B. H. Chrisman, Joel Osgood, A. C. Hanger, and E. W. Humphries. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The following sketch of this church is prepared by Dr. T. C. Tipton: According to the best information at hand the first class of this society was formed in 1826. Samuel Parrott, having purchased the farm now owned by S. G, Hunsicker, one-half mile east of Williamsport village, soon collected a few people of the Methodist faith to- gether, and at his house held meetings, and soon after- ward formed a class, consisting of Samuel Parrot and wife, Mary; Samuel Manley and wife, Ann; George Frame and E. Hunsicker. In 1831, Rev. Adam Poe, preacher in charge of what was then called “ Deer Creek, circuit,” held meetings at the house of Mr. Parrott, who was now appointed class-leader, and John Tiffin, Joseph Hays and Jesse Hays, local preachers, were added to the class, with others whose names are now forgotten. An effort was now made to build a meeting-house. The frame was erected, but never finished, owing to the death of Mr. Parrott. Preaching was now held at the house of Peter Hunsicker and James McFarland alternately. In 1839 another effort was made to build a church, Wes- ley Roe taking the subscriptions. Joseph Hurst, Lewis Manley and William Summers were appointed trustees, and in due time a framed church edifice, some thirty-five by fifty feet in size, was completed. Its cost was perhaps three thousand dollars, and it was formally dedicated to the service of God, by Rev. Francis Wilson, in 1841. Additional ground was purchased in 1864, and upon this the present substantial brick church edifice was erected, the same season. Its cost was four thousand dollars. Rev. Joseph M. Trimble preached the dedicatory sermon in the winter of 1865-66. In this work Dr. G. W. Hurst was the contractor for the building, and Joseph Hurst, James Marshall, John Cox, Elijah Parrott and Dr. G. W. Hurst, trustees. In 1871 a neat parsonage was con- structed, at a cost of three thousand dollars. Scioto cir- cuit (from which Williamsport was detached) was formed in 1799; Deer Creek circuit was formed from a part of Scioto circuit in 1808; New Holland circuit was formed from Deer Creek circuit in 1854, and Williamsport was separated from New Holland circuit in 1866. ‘The fol- lowing pastors have been in charge of the circuit since its formation: 1866, Rev. David Smith; 1867, Dr. W. F. Hughey, who served three years, during which period an extensive revival occurred, and two hundred and eighty- two names were added to the membership; 1870, Rev. B. F. Thomas, now of Groveport, Ohio; 1872, Rev. F. S. Davis, now in the Cincinnati conference; 1874, Rev. David Mann, now at Lewis Center, Ohio; 1875, Dr. T. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. G. Ross, now in Kansas; 1876, Rev. H. L. Whitehead, now of Stanton, Ohio. In 1878 the present pastor, Rev. George W. Lott, was assigned to this circuit. During the winter of 1878—79 an extensive revival occurred, Mrs. L. O. Robinson, an evangelist, from Greencastle, Indiana, assisting the pastor. Two hundred names were added to the church membership, as the result of this meeting. The present trustees are Dr. T. C. Tipton, S. W. Dunlap, James Bennett, George Betts, H. L. Rector and Samuel G. Hunsicker. George C. Hays is the present efficient superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Sabbath- school. The number of scholars enrolled’is one hun- dred and seventy-six. Since the organization of the Methodist church in this section, in 1799, the following pastors have served in the work here: 1808, Benjamin Lakin, John Crain; 1809, John Collins, Wood Lloyd; 1810, Francis Travis; 1811, Ralph Lotspeich, J. Harris; 1812, R. Cloud, Charles Waddle; 1813, Samuel Parks, Alexander Cummins; 1814, H. B. Bascom; 1815, Isaac Quinn, Ledosa Baker; 1816, Walter Griffith, Isaac Pavly ; 1817, Samuel Glaze; 1818, Shaderick Ruark, R. W. Fin- ley; 1819, William Swayze; 1820, John Brown; 1821, William Stephens, A. Kinnear; 1822, Andrew McClain, I. C. Hunter; 1823, William Simmons; 1824, Zach Con- nell, J. F. Wells; 1825, James Collard, Nathan Walker; 1826, Jacob Delay, G. W. Young; 1827, John Stewart, John Ferrell; 1828, A. Sellers; 1829, Francis Wilson, J. T. Donahow; 1832, John H. Power, J. Gurley; 1833, David Lewis, Joseph A. Reader; 1834, C. C. Lybrand; 1835, Edward Estel; 1836, James Armstrong, Henry Wharton; 1837, W. L. Morrow, F. H. Jennings; 1838, Wesley Roe; 1839, Robert Chaney, Wesley Roe, J. F. Conroy; 1840, Elijah H. Field, W. M. D. Ryon; 1841, B. A. Cassett; 1842, David Reed, Philip Nation; 1843, Zack Wharton, J. D. Webb; 1844, Alexander Mehany; 1845, B. L. Jef- ferson; 1846, J. W. Lock; 1847, J. G. Dimmitt; 1848, William Sutton; 1849, Alexander Nelson, J. Laws; 1850, D. H. Sargent; 1851, Samuel Middleton; 1852, David Smith, H. F. Green, W. A. Prettyman; 1853, J. F. Will- iams, L. F. Drake; 1855, T. H. Phillip; 1857, H. T. Magill; 1858, W. C. Holleday; 1859, William Mortis; 1860, J. Q. Lakin; 1861, J. W. Clark, T. G. Ross; 1862, Nath Westerman; 1863, I. B. Brodesick; 1864, E. H. Dixon. The remainder, to the present, are given in the sketch of Williamsport church. MOUNT PLEASANT METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, from data furnished by Newton Rector. The first class of this society was formed by Jacob Terwilliger, in the year 1826, under the administration of Rev. Jacob Delay. It was composed of the following persons: Thomas and Abigail Eemery, Jacob and Elizabeth Terwilliger, Henry and Elizabeth Rector, James, Jonathan and Lucy Rose, Philip, Sarah Ann and Mary Wiggins, John and Sarah Tiffin, Mariah Van Wagoner and Amy Kidney. Thomas Emery was the first class leader. There was preaching each alternate week, at the house of Henry Rector, who lived on land now owned by Newton Rector, and class meetings were held on the Sabbath at the house of Jacob Terwilliger, who lived on the farm owned by Cyrus Court- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. right. In 1838 a small frame meeting-house was built. This occupied the spot where now stands the commodi- ous brick church edifice of the society. This first build- ing was, in size, twenty-eight by thirty-two feet. It was built by subscription, and cost something over six hundred dollars. Rose, Jeremiah Brown, Henry Rector, Philip Wiggins, John Rector, Peter Rose, Jonathan Rose, John W. Wig- gins and John W. Dallas. ‘The building was completed, and in June, 1839, it was dedicated by Rev. A. M. Lo- rain. During the the winter of 1848-9, a great revival occurred, under the preaching of Rev. Alexander Nelson and James Laws, and many were added to the church membership. The present church edifice was completed in 1859, and dedicated by Rev. T. H. Phillips. ‘The cost of the structure was five thousand dollars. Following are the names of the building committee: John R. Rec- tor, Levi Allen and John Wiggins. This society has been supplied by the ministers of the circuit, whose names are given in the sketch of Williamsport church. A Sabbath school was formed in the early days of this church, which has proved a valuable auxiliary to the christian work. Pleasant Grove chapel was dedicated in August, 1849. There was at this time a Protestant Methodist organiza- tion. After a time the society ceased to be, and at pres- ent there is no regular service held here. SCHOOLS. The first school of Deer Creek township, of which we have any definite knowledge, commenced in a little log house standing on or near the site of E. S. Davis’ present residence in the village of Williamsport, in the summer of 1818. The teacher’s name was White, and his scholars were quite numerous, being some twenty-five in number. Among these were Charles Wilson and a sis- ter, and Margaret Davis and her brother, Ebenezer S., to whom the writer would express his thanks for valuable aid in the collection of general data for the history of this township. Williamsport village school district was formed April 27, 1874, at an election held two days previous. Dr. T. C. Tipton, A. D. Radcliff, W. B. Davis, S. G. Hunsicker, Dr. George W. Hurst, and A. D. Rector were elected directors. The present school building was constructed during the ensuing summer, being completed in October. The cost of this structure, including real estate and fur- niture, was four thousand dollars. The school com- prises two departments, primary and grammar. ‘The total enrollment of pupils in the district is one hundred and thirty-three. Following are the names of the teachers in each department since its formation: Gram- mar, Anna M. Leiby, F. S. Rarey, P. R. Eycke, D. W. Kelley, W. J. Reynolds, and G. W. Lott; primary, Mento Harmount, Flora S. Rarey, Mrs. P. R. Eycke, Anna Norris, Emma G. Stoker, and Anna M. Leiby. ‘lhe officers of this district for 1879 are: A. D. Radcliff, presi- dent; W. B. Davis, clerk; M. Welton, treasurer; Dr. George W. Hurst, Dr. T. F. White, and A: J. Walston, directors. 38 ‘The trustees, or building committe, were James ; 297 SOCIETIES. Williamsport village has been noted for its incessant war upon the liquor traffic, and, of course, the Sons of ‘Temperance and Good Templars have, at different periods, had extensive and effective organizations in the township. They have now ceased their labors. The oldest of the societies now in existence is Alpha Grange, No. 59, Pa- trons of Husbandry, whose charter bears date June 3, 1873. The following are the charter members: E. J. Strong, N. R. Strong, Lewis Terwilliger, E. L. Hall, A. Hibbons, M. Rector, M. F. Rector, N. Rector, L. J. Rector, S. R. Rector, M. L. Rector, W. Bolin, G. B. Rector, Belle F. Rector, A. D. Rector, Martha Rector, D. Terwilliger, E. Terwilliger, S. M. Yates, W. S. Rector, M. Rector, Benjamin Little, Mary Little, J. R. Hulse, J. R. Rector, J. A. Rector, W. A. Flowers, J. Pugh, H. C. Palacher, and Cyrus Courtright. On May 22, 1875, it was consolidated with Deer Creek Grange, No. 449, which was organized January 27, 1874, with the following charter members: C. O. Eycke, Philip Eycke, J. J. Myers, Mary A. Myers, Wesley Work, Catharine Work, J. W. Rector, William Girton, Susan Girton, R. W. Eycke, S. W. Dunlap, B. W. Harris, T. W. Crabill, John Silver, Mary M. Crabill, J. B. Watson, Thomas Furguson, Mary E. Dunlap, B. F. Hornbeck, Mary Har- ris, Cyrus Hornbeck, William I. Wood, Lizzie Allen, Joseph Borts, David J. Cox, D. C. Phebus, S. H. Phe- bus. I. C. Hornbeck, sr., W. H. Hays, Wesley Hays. First officers: J. J. Myers, master; B. W. Harris, over- seer; C. Hornbeck, lecturer; P. Eycke, steward; B. F. Hornbeck, assistant steward; T. W. Crabill, chaplain; S. W. Dunlap, treasurer; C. O. Eycke, secretary; William I. Wood, gate-keeper; Catharine Work, ceres; Mary A. Myers, pomona; Mary E. Dunlay, flora; M. Crabill, assist- ant stewardess. Meetings are held on the fourth Saturday in each month, and Thursday night before the second Saturday in each month. The total membership is now sixty-eight. Officers for 1879: J. J. Myers, master; J. W. Ater, overseer; Lizzie Allen, lecturer; William E. Rose, steward; S. R. Rector, assistant steward; E. L. Hall, chaplain; Z. Ater, treasurer; D. Mater, secretary; R. B. Yates, gate-keeper: Mary Rose, ceres; Annie Ater, pomona; Ella Wolfe, flora; Mary A. Myers, assistant stewardess. HEBER LODGE, NO. 501, F. AND A, MASONS. The charter of this lodge is dated October 21, 1875, and bears upon its face the following names: William B. Davis, Henry Clarke, John A. Alkire, Palmer Lowe, Ben- jamin Linville, John J. Myers, James D. Finnell and Clinton L. Lee. Its first officers were W. B. Davis, W. M.; H. Clarke, S. W.; J. J. Alkire, J. W.; J. D. Finnel, secretary; J. J. Myers, treasurer; P. Lowe, S. D.; B. Lin- ville, J. D.; C. L. Lee, tyler. The lodge organized and met in a small room over Dr. George W. Hurst’s drug store. In May, 1876, the lodge had completed and first occupied its present spacious hall. This is in the second story of the Masonic building, at Williamsport, erected at a cost of fifteen hundred dollars. The present member- ship is thirty-five. Stated communications on Tuesday 298 evenings, on or before the full moon. Officers for 1879: Dr. T. F. White, W. M.; R. Wolfe, S. W.; J. W. Ater, J. W.; C. C. Phebus, secretary; J. J. Myers, treasurer; R. E. Harmount, S$. D.; M. Compton, S. H. Phebus and W. B. Davis, stewards; W. R. Davis, tyler. PHYSICIANS, Perhaps no village in Pickaway county, with a popula- tion equal to that of Williamsport, has been blessed, or cursed, as the case may be, with as great a number of doctors. Early in its history, Dr. M. Brown located here. He accquired an extensive practice here and in the sur- rounding country, and his ability was above the average of practitioners of that day. After a term of years, he removed to Circleville, and is now president of the First National bank, of that city. Following him were Drs. Per- kins, Thrall, Rush, Herriman, Cassett, Timmons, Ecord, Martin, Lewis, Black and Smith, of the “old school,” and Drs. Zimmerman, Gould, Halstead, Radcliff, Judy, and Hunsicker, of the eclectic school. Many of these were practitioners of more than ordinary ability, some of whom died here, while others removed to fields of, per- haps, greater usefulness. There are, at present, three practicing physicians in the township, viz.: T. C. Tipton, M. D., who, graduated at _ the Starling medical college, Columbus, Ohio, in the class of 1852 and ’53. He married Miss Miranda Loomis, of Central College, Ohio, and located in Williamsport, in Jan- uary, 1855. Dr. Tipton was in the army during the years 1862-5, as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Thirteenth regiment Ohio volunteer infantry. He re- turned home, at the close of the war, and has since en- joyed a large and lucrative practice. George W. Hurst, M. D., graduated at the Eclectic college of medicine, at Cincinnati, in 1856, and located here soon after. He married Catharine Terwilliger, and, aside from his prac- tice, conducts a drug store and an apiary. T. F. White, M. D., is also a graduate of Starling medical college, at Columbus, Ohio, receiving his diploma at the session of 1863-4. He entered the army as assistant surgeon of the Sixty-eighth regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, in the fall of 1863, and served till the close of the war. His wife was Miss Anna Nichols. He located in Williams- port in 1867. Of dentists who have practiced in Williamsport, there | are: Dr. Scott, now of Lancaster; Dr. Peasely, now of Fayette county, Ohio, and Dr. James R. McCollister, who has long since retired from practice, but who still resides here. : INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. Great inconvenience was experienced by the pioneer settlers everywhere for the want of means by which to convert their grain into a condition suitable for bread- making. Foremost in the appliances for that purpose, we find the “stump mortar,” a description of which is given elsewhere. Following this, was the hand-mill. This was a slow and tedious means of preparing one’s ‘daily bread ;” still it was an improvement on its pre- decessor. Next came the grist-mill, rude and imperfect, tis true, as compared to the mills of to-day; yet its ad- i HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. vent was a long stride in advance of anything preceding it. The pioneer grist-mill in Deer Creek township was built by Pennell H. Baker, in 1812. Its location was on the north side of the present “pike,” and its cumbrous machinery was propelled by the waters of Deer creek. About the same time a saw-mill was constructed near the grist-mill. These mills were destroyed by fire some ten years later. The saw-mill was rebuilt by John Reynolds, and the grist-mill by John McFarland, but both eventu- ally went to decay. David Yates built a grist-mill, the second in the township, in 1814. This occupied the site of the mill now owned by A. T. Foster. The pres- ent mill was built by Daniel and Benjamin Haynes, but a few years since. ‘The present grist-mill, at Williamsport, was erected for a distillery, in about 1836, by a man named Laramore. It was in operation some three years as a distillery, and then converted into a grist-mill. It is now owned by George Wood and Moses Welton. David Yates put in operation the first distillery in the township. The date was early, perhaps 1815; the loca- tion, on Deer creek, near the site of Foster’s grist-mill.’ The manufacture of whiskey was at this time a very lucrative vocation, and it was continued many years, while the owner waxed rich from the avails. David Han- son built a distillery on the opposite side of the stream from Yates’, on the farm now owned by James Bennett. This was in the early years of the settlement. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THOMAS CORWIN TIPTON, M. D., of Williamsport, Deer Creek township, Pickaway county, Ohio, is a son of Thomas S$. and Elizabeth Tipton, and was born at Pleasant Ridge farm, near Harrisburgh, Pleasant township, Franklin county, Ohio, on September ro, 1827. He attended the neighborhood schools until his educa- tion had reached a point beyond which they could not afford him instruction, and then, in 1844, went to Dela- ware and attended the Ohio Wesleyan university; he was obliged to pay his own way, and did so by teaching in various district schools. Thus, creditably but with diffi- culty, he worked his way for five years, and, being eager to learn, and applying himself closely to study as only those can who so dearly buy what many, who have supe- rior advantages, scorn, he acquired a good, thorough, general education. But he had an ambition beyond this, and a desire to lead a professional life. Disadvantages were again in his way, but he overcame them. He was un- able at once to begin, as he would have desired, a course in some medical college, but, while gaining a subsistence by teaching, he devoted his spare time to reading and study in his brother’s office, at Darbyville. He continued in this way for several years, and, at length, was able to go to Columbus, where he had enlarged opportunities. U Yaw atg Sh ese Soo Se HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. He studied there under Dr. R. L. Howard, and entered the Starling medical college. He graduated from this ex- cellent institution February 22, 1852, receiving, in addi- tion to his diploma, the unanimous vote of approval of the faculty. After his graduation Dr. Tipton returned to Darbyville and went into practice as a partner of his brother. Some time after that he removed to Williams- port, his present residence, and established himself in a lucrative practice, which has been uninterrupted except by his absence during the war, and three years there- after. In 1862 the doctor went into the army as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Thirteenth regiment of Ohio volunteer infantry, and remained in that capacity in the service until the close of the war, most of the time being, by the order of Secretary Stanton, detached from his regiment, discharging hospital duty and serving upon the board of examiners of applicants for enlistment or discharge. Upon the close of the war the subject of our sketch resolved to try his fortune professionally in Groveport, Franklin county; he remained there only about three years, and then removed to his old residence, Williamsport. Dr. Tipton, as man and physician, is held in the high- est esteem by his fellow-citizens of the village and neigh- borhood, and most deservedly, for the same conscien- tiousness and application to duty, for which he is noted in his practice of medicine, characterizes him in all his social and business affairs. He is generally regarded as one of the most thoroughly cutlivated practitioners in Pickaway county; is held in high repute by his profes- sional brethren and by the people of Deer Creek, and the western part of the county, as is evidenced by his very successful practice among them. He is a man of large general information, and a careful, conservative thinker. He is not, and has never been, a politician or place-seeker, but takes a considerable interest in, and is a close observer of, political movements. His vote is cast for the success or the principles represented and supported by the Republican party. His religious affiliation is with the Methodist Episcopal denomination, and he has been, for a long term of years, one of the stewards of the church at Williamsport. The doctor is a practical temperance man in his views and a total abstinence man in his habit. He has never tasted liquor and seldom prescribes it. Dr. Tipton was married to Miranda, daughter of Hor- ace and Jannett Loomis, of Blendon township, Franklin ‘county, Ohio, March 7, 1855. ‘The have two children living, and have been bereaved by the death of one— 299 their first-born, Lizzie—who was born December 16, 1855, and died September 22, 1866. The children re- maining are: Alice, born November 18, 1857, and Thomas H., born October 24, 1869. THE YATES FAMILY. David Yates was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, September 23, 1774. Soon after 1800, he emigrated to Ross county, Ohio, and settled near South Salem, where he was married, about 1803, to Christine Eberson. Two children Were born to them while they lived in Ross county-—Loyell, born January 23, 804; and John, born December 26, 1805. In 1807 they moved to Deer Creek township, Pickaway county, where were born Reazon, December 10, 1807; Nancy, February 17, 1810; Jlizabeth, February 12, 1812; David, April ro, 1815; MaryAnn, October 9, 1817; limeline, March 31, 1820; Mahlon, May 3, 1822; Amos, July 15, 1823; Joseph, April 25, 1825; and Joshua Osburn, October 12, 1827. Soon after arriving in Deer Creek township, Mr Yates built a saw and grist-mill, and a still-house, on Deer creek, near the site of the present grist-mill, This was the first water mill in the township, and was built by the labor of his own hands, he being a millwright. He even hewed the logs of which the building was constructed. After building his mill property, he cleared land, and planted one of the first, if not the first orchard, in the neighborhood. - During the war of 1812 he-became a soldier, and received a commis- sion as an officer, in which capacity he served. Both himself and his wife were zealous members of the Methodist church, and people who had not an enemy in the community in which they lived, winning the respect and confidence of all. He died March 30, 1840, and his wife died some years later, about 1856. He was the first justice of the peace in Deer Creek township. John Yates, the second son of David Yates, was born December 26, 1805. He was married in 1828, to Elizabeth Blue, in Deer Creck town- ship, by whom he had eleven children: David R., Emily, Marcus L., DeWitt C., William, John, Francis Marian, Socrates, Miranda, Roland B., and Townsend, all of whdm lived to become heads of families. Mr. Yates commenced life with nothing but his own hands with which to carve his way in the world, but by hard work and the exercise of a shrewd business.capacity, he accumulated a large property, owning, at one time, some thirteen hundred acres of land. He was a large dealer in stock, sometimes making money and sometimes losing, in his ventures. He was a whole-souled, generous-hearted man, and became a favorite in his neighborhood. He was elected justice of the peace in 1835, and held the office many years. He also served as county commissioner. Before his death, he gave each of his children one hundred acres of land, and reserved a farm, on which his widow still lives. David R. Yates was married October 25, 1859, to Nancy Brown, of Deer Creek township, who was born March 4, 1836, and died May 4, 1877. Their children are Mary E., Benjamin Floyd, Ballard, and Tab- itha N. Mr. Yates bought of his father two hundred and twenty-seven acres of land, receiving a credit on it of two thousand, three huntired dollars, as his portion of the undivided estate. He has since added to his property, until, at the present time, he is possessed of four hundred and sixty-six acres in Deer Creek township, and eighty-five and one-half in Madison county. He has served his township three times as assessor, and has declined to run for other offices in the gift of the people. He was nominated, August 2, 1879, on the Democratic ticket, as State rep- resentative from Pickaway county. A representation of his house appears in this connection. WASHINGTON. Washington lies east of Circleville, and along the east- ern line of the county, with Walnut township adjoining on the north, and Pickaway on the south. Its surface is quite rolling, except in the southern part, where it is com- paratively level. The principal water course is Hargus creek, which rises in the northeast part of the township, flows southwest, and unites with the Scioto, west of Cir- cleville. Scippo creek flows through a part of sections twenty-five and thirty-six. Besides these, there are sev- eral other smaller streams, of not sufficient importance to require description. The soil of Washington is princi- pally a mixture of gravel and sand, with a smaller pro- portion of low, or good corn lands, than are found in some of the other townships of the county. ‘The native varieties of timber did not differ materially from those of neighboring townships, being chiefly oak, of all kinds, ash, beech, maple, hard and soft, walnut, hickory, butter- nut, hackberry and elm. ‘The township is highly im- proved, the farms being generally smaller than those of other townships, and containing, in most cases, good dwellings and barns. SELTLEMENT. We date the settlement of the township from the arrival of John Anderson, in 1797. He came from Pennsylva- nia, accompanied by his wife and ten children. John, his son, came out before, and selected a location on Har- gus creek, in section ten, and when the land was opened for entry, took up about six hundred and forty acres, in sections ten and three. When the family came, they settled where John had located. The descendants of the family are now widely scattered, with the exception of the children of Bethuel, one of the sons of the pioneer An- derson, most of whom reside in this county. Bethuel Anderson was born June 6, 1790, and married Mary Moore, whose parents were among the earliest pioneers of Deer Creek township, Fairfield county. For eleven years after his marriage, Bethucl Anderson occupied the farm of his wife’s father, in Deer Creek, when he moved to the old homestead, on Hargus creek. He was asoldicr in the war of 1812, serving as sergeant, and was afterwards a lieutenant in the State militia. He dicd, October 1, 1858, and his wife August 17, 1869. ‘They had a family of four sons and seven daughters. Milton was killed in Washington ‘Territory, December, 1863, by a water-spout, which swept away the custom house, of which he was an officer, and John was murdered at his residence, in Mis- sourl, August 25, 1875, by three desperadoes, whose ob- ject was robbery. ‘The surviving children are: Elizabeth, widow of Levi Johnson, residing in Indiana; Maria, widow of Joseph Heise, in this township; Zeruia, wife of John N. Anderson, in Iowa; Isabel, wife of Martin Wells, (50) | and Mary A., widow of Joel Huzzy in this township; Joanna, wife of Joseph Myers, in Perry county, Ohio; Louisa, wife of John Albright, in Walnut township, this county, and Harvey K., in Kansas. David Culberson, a stepson of John Anderson, came out with the family, and subsequently married Margaret Rush and settled where the widow Parker now lives. He was a Methodist local preacher, and some of the earliest religious meetings were held at his cabin; he officiated at many of the pioneer funerals in this and other townships in the county; he finally removed to the Raccoon hills. A man by the name of Zeimmer, a native ,of Germany, came, with his family, from Maryland to this township, in 1799, and.entered one-half of section twenty-seven, on which they settled. The family consisted of the parents and seven children. In 1812 the parents, one daughter, and youngest son, Philip, removed to Richland county, where, a short time afterward, the father, mother, and daughter, were massacred by the Indians. An account of their terrible fate is given in Howe’s “Ohio Historical Collections,” as follows, the name, however, being given as anglicized— Seymour: ‘In September, 1812, shortly after the breaking out of the late war with Great Britain, two block-houses were built in Mansfield: one stood about six rods west of the site of ‘the court house; and the other a rod or two north. The first was built by a company commanded by Cap- tain Shaeffer, from Fairfield county, and the other by the company of Colonel Charles Williams, of Coshocton. RES.oF MRS. EPHRAIM BORROR, JAC KSON TP. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. with Sarah Ford, whom he subsequently married. Fora time he lived on what is now the Fullerton farm, in Jack- son township. In 1829 or 1830, he bought the farm now owned by his son, Michael, where he died in January, 1863; his wife died many years previous. Of the sixteen children composing this family, but three are now living: Allen, who married Mary Gallion ; Michael, who married Phebe Lowe, and Joshua, who married Fanny O’Neal. They are all prominent farmers, and live in Jackson township. John Curry, who was of English extraction, first saw the light of day upon the broad bosom of the Atlantic ocean, while his parents were ev route for America. His mother dying before reaching land, the child was adopted by an aunt (Mrs. McGath), and came to live in Deer Creek township, Pickaway county, in about 1801. There he grew to manhood, and married Sarah Smith, with whom he eventually settled in Brown township. Both he and his wife are now dead. The children were: Aaron, who lives in Indiana; James, who married Cath- arine Shultz, and lives in Jackson township, the owner of nearly nine hundred acres of land; Owen T., and Elizabeth, who are dead; Amos, who married Elizabeth Studebaker, and lives in Wells county, Indiana; and John, who married Nancy Ballard, and lives near Harris- burg, in this township. Samuel Breckenridge came froui the State of Penn- sylvania to Franklin county, in about 1800. His wife was Margaret Starrett. ‘The family settled in Hamilton township, and there the parents died. The children were: Robert, Alexander, Samuel, John, William, Eliza- beth, Mary, and Nancy, none of whom are now living. Percival Adams, also a native of Pennsylvania, settled in Hamilton township, about 1800. His wife was Mar- garet Breckenridge. ‘The date of his death was Septem- ber, 1865. One of his sons, Thomas, settled in Jackson township, and married Elizabeth Barbee. He died August 7, 1872, and his wife March 30, 1866. Of his children, T. J. Adams, esq., is the only one living in the township. Franklin B., another son, was a member of company B, Fifty-fourth regiment Ohio volunteer infan- try, and was killed at Pittsburg Landing, April 6, 1862. William C. Duff was a native of the Emerald Isle, from whence he emigrated, to this land of freedom, in the year 1800. In Pennsylvania he married Catharine Dun- gan, who lived at Norristown, and, in 1806, he reached Ohio, locating on the farm now owned by John Brown, in Jackson township. He was a wheelright by occupa- tion. He died in 1827, and his widow became the wife of Dennis Queen, and died in 1851. The children num- bered six, only two of whom now live in their native township: William B., whose present wife was Mrs. Jane Lazalier, and Margaret, now the wife of W. Preston. Two others, John and Nancy (Mrs. M. Parish), live in Indiana. James Seeds, having purchased one thousand acres of land in Daniel Morgan’s survey, number one thousand, two hundred and ninety six, moved thereon with nearly his entire family, at an early date. The children were: Robert, who married Catharine Hornbaker; James, who married a lady in Fairfield county; Aaron, who married an 385 a Miss Miller; John, who married Elizabeth Roler ; Will- ' iam, who married Margaret Hoover; Moses, who moved to St. Louis, when single, and married there. Robert, John, William, and Aaron settled on the old homestead, and are deceased, as are the entire family of children, » James Seeds was a sort of “stand by” in the settlement, and for years furnished the pioneer families with salt, which he brought, by aid of pack-horses, along a blazed path, from Zanesville. In the general exodus of the : family to Ohio, we learn, a daughter, Martha, who had become the wife of William Seeds, remained in Pennsyl- vania. In the spring of 1820, this family arrived in Jack- son township, and made settlement also on the old home- stead. The children of this couple were: James, John, Elizabeth, William W., Robert, Henry, Isabella, Harvey, Samuel, Mary A., and Cyrus. Two of these now live in Jackson township: William W., who married Mary Seeds, and Cyrus, who married Isabella M. Beckett. Harvey, who married Mary A. Hatton, lives in Iowa. John Hoover, a native of Pennsylvania, and a soldier of the Revolution, married Margaret Smith, who lived near Hummilstown, and removed to Kentucky prior to the admission of that State into the Union. In that State he remained until the legalizing, by the constitu- tion, of human slavery. ‘This measure being contrary to his convictions, he emigrated to a free State—Ohio— arriving in March, 1807. He purchased some two hun- dred acres of land in Jackson township, and here, in the improvement of his wilderness home, he passed the rem- nant of his days. In 1840, he died, aged nearly one hundred years. His wife died in, perhaps, 1833. There were nine children in the family, only one of whom now lives in the township: Margaret, widow of William Seeds. The remainder of the family were: Elizabeth, Catharine, Peter (who was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died at Franklinton, soon after the close of the war, of disease contracted in the service), Polly, Abraham, Nicholas, and George. The last named married Catharine Kious, and died on the old farm, March 17, 1872. His wife died June 29, 1875. Three children yet live in the township: George W., Polly (Mrs. Wm. Neiswender), and Margaret (Mrs. J. Smith). William Brown and wife, Harriet (Thomas) Brown, were natives of Ireland, he having been born there in 1732. Early in the present century they emigrated to America, and for a time lived at Clillicothe. In 1809, the family located in the northern part of Jackson town- ship, on the stream now known as Brown’s run. The brick house built by Mr. Brown is now occupied by a son. In the war of 1812, Mr. Brown became a soldier for a short time. He died on September 27, 1830. Mrs. Brown survived him many years, dying April 5, 1876. The children were: Mary Ann, who married Jesse Courtright, and who now lives in Prairie township; Will- iam C., who married Rachel Holton, lives in Indiana; John, who has been twice married—his present wife was Elizabeth Ricketts—occupies part of the old homestead ; Martha J., who married 1). L. ‘Holton; and Samuel, who married Margaret J. Holton, lives in the house where he was born. He has in his possession a double gun, which 386 his father brought with him from the land of his birth. In the year 1810, William Miller, Joseph Bennett, and John Keyes, came with their families, from Hardy county, Virginia, and made a settlement in the southeastern por- tion of Jackson township. None of the Bennett family now live in. the township, and but two of the Millers, who are grandchildren—Wesley P., and Mary F. (Mrs. T. J. Adams). John Keyes, jr., lives on Holton run, in this township, and is among the prominent farmers in the township. Jacob and Magdalene Borror, of Hardy county, Vir- ginia, were the parents of the following children: Martin, Jacob, Solomon, Isaac, Absalom, Christina, and Myomi. In 1804 the father died, and seven years later, his widow came, with her entire family, to Ohio, and made a settle- ment in Jackson township. A rude log cabin was rolled up in the dense wood, and at no great distance from where now stands the substantial brick mansion now owned by Absalom, the last survivor of the children. At this time all was a wild wilderness for miles around, there being but one log cabin nearer than Franklinton, nearly ten miles away. But strong arms and determined hearts were equal to the occasion; little by little the forest dis- appeared, until now in its stead are farms, whose broad acres, with their wealth of waving wheat or rustling corn, bear witness to the success of those hardy pioneer sons of toil. The mother lived to see this happy consumma- tion. The children settled as follows: Martin, who mar- ried Anna Bennett, located in southern Indiana; Jacob, who married Catharine Coonrod, died near where the family first began improvements—his son, Jacob, occu- pies the old homestead; Solomon, who married Catharine Clark, also located near the old homestead—this farm is occupied by a son, Ichabod; Isaac, who married Olive Babcock, occupied the farm now owned by Jonathan Swagler, and many of his descendants still live in the township; Absalom, who has been twice married, lives on the home farm. His present wife was Margaret Bad- ger. The writer would express his thanks to this gentle- man for many items of interest. Christina, who mar- ried P. Morris; and Myomi, who became the wife of S. Brunk, located in the west. Henry Baumgartner came from Virginia to Jackson township, early in its settlement. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Here he married Hannah Haughn. His farm is now occupied by Jackson Hardy. He died December 24, 1868. His wife diced March 27, 1877. There were nine children in the family, three only are now living and these all reside in their native township: Catharine, who married J. Borror; Levi, whose present wife was Elizabeth McGroom; and Henry, who married Christina Miller. John G. Neff was among the early settlers in Prairie township. He was twice married. He amassed a great amount of real estate. Eventually, he lived in Jackson township, where he died, and where his numerous off- spring still reside, among whom are: Scott, John, Leon- ard, McDowell, a daughter, Elizabeth (Mrs. S. Kell), who lives in Prairie township, and another, Clarissa, who lives in Illinois. » teen. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. John Mitchell was also an early settler in Jackson township. His wife was Elizabeth Brubaker. He pur- chased a piece of wild land, which he improved; this’ is now owned by Solomon Swagler. Of his children but one, Joseph B., now lives in the township. Hawes Barbee was married in Virginia, and in 1818 removed to Ohio. He lived for a time near Shadeville, in Hamilton township, and after a few years removed to Jackson township, locating permanently on the farm now owned by Augustus Bear, and here he died. One child, William, lives in Jackson, and another, Hawes, resides in Columbus. Valentine F. Shover and Elizabeth, his wife, were na- tives of Virginia. They came to Ohio in 1820, but did not locate in Jackson township until 1844. The lands he purchased at that time are still occupied by the heirs. Mr. Shover died in May, 1847, and his aged widow still lives in the township. Three of the children also live here; they are: Henry, who married Caroline Miller; Harriet (Mrs. Abraham Miller); and George W., who married Jane Forst. The remainder of the family are: John, who lives in Indiana; Sidner J., who lives in Chi- cago, Illinois; Ashford and Eli, who live in Ohio. Abraham Miller and his wife, Sarah, were natives of Virginia. They came to Ohio in about 1811, locating in Madison county. In 1828 a permanent settlement was made in Jackson township. Mr. Miller died April 20, 1844. His wife survived him several years. Of the ten children who composed the family only three are now living; they are: Cynthia A. (Mrs. J. B. Mitchell); Abra- ham, who married Harriet Shover, and lives in Jackson township upon the old homestead; Catharine, who be- came the wife of William C. Mitchell, and lives in Illinois. In 1830, Andrew Gantz, a native of the State of Penn- sylvania, purchased a tract of land in Jackson township, and about one year later, two sons, Adam and John, settled thereon. A few years subsequently, another son, Jonathan, arrived, who yet lives on the pike west of Grove City. Adam, who married Catharine Pinnex, died in Jackson township in December, 1877; his wife died in May, 1875. ‘The children of this couple numbered four- Six now live in the township: Elizabeth G. (Mrs. W. P. White), Lydia (Mrs. J. W. Welch), Nancy, (Mrs. William Watts), George W., Adeline (Mrs. T. Barbee), and Albert, who lives on the home farm. Others of the children live in the county. John Gantz, who married Mahala Shafer, now lives in Iowa. His settlement in Jackson, above referred to, was of short duration. John Haines, a native of Lancaster county, Pennsyl- vania, married Susan Jarvis, and, in the spring of 1831 located in Jackson township. He was a farmer, and im- proved the farm now owned by Messrs. Miller & Shover. After some years’ residence here, he removed to Allen county, Ohio, where he died, April 18, 1864. His wife died many years previous, and he remarried. The chil- dren by the first wife were: Amos, William, John, Rob- ert, Levi, Joel, Joseph, Samuel, and Jacob, one only of whom now lives in Jackson township—Robert, who mar- ried Nancy Mills, and now resides near the old home- stead, in the south part of the township. ZACHARIAH H. MARSH. The subject of this sketch was born in Baltimore, Mary- land, on the seventeenth day of August 1788, and in 1815 came to Belmont county, Ohio, accompanied by his father and mother, John and Catharine Marsh. His parents remained in Belmont county until their death. On the fourth day of June, 1817, Zachariah H. Marsh was matried, in Belmont county, to Rachel Miller, daughter of George and Hannah Miller, who settled in that county in 1812 or 1813. They remained there twenty-two years, and there were born to them seven children—one son and six daughters. In 1839 they re- moved to Ohio, where Mr. Marsh bought a farm in the north part of Jackson township, Franklin county, and where the family has since resided. Mrs. Marsh died in He still lives on the place, a hale and hearty man of ninety-one years. 1853, at the age of about sixty-two years. In his early life he was a hard worker, but in life’s declin- ing day he lives in quietude, cared for by the loving hands of his children. Of these, four are married and three remain single. All are living near home. ea Tope Be RESIDENCE OF LOUIS BUNN, JACKSON TP., FRANKLIN Co., Oulo. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 387 Wesley Preston, whose father was a pioneer in Wash- ington county, Ohio, married Margaret C. Duff, and, in the spring of 1832, came to Franklin county, locating temporarily on Big run, in Franklin township. Nine years later, he purchased the land, upon which he still resides, near the center of Jackson township. The chil- dren are: James H., whose present wife was Rosanna Smith; Catharine A. (Mrs. John S. Moler), who lives in Iowa; William H. (decased); John D., who lives in IIli- nois, and has been twice married; Ezra C., who married Mattie Adams; Solomon C., who married Clara Reynolds, and lives in Illinois; David L.; George W., who married Jennie E. Swisher, and lives on the home farm; Martin L. (deceased), and Wesley H., by profession a teacher, who yet remains at home. John Martino came from the State of New York, at an early period, and remained for a time in Pickaway county. There he married Catharine Woolery, and, in 1833, re- moved to Jackson township, locating on the farm now owned by Scott Neff. Here he died, September 23, 1869. His wife died January 4, 1856. The children were nine in number, several of whom live in the county. We have the record of only one—Joseph—who married Margaret Peoples. THe located on the farm still occu- pied by his heirs. His death occurred November 26, 1871. John Houghn came from near Winchester, Virginia, in 1838. He reached Jackson township on January 2d of that year. His lands were situated in the west central portion of the township, and were in a perfect state of nature—low and wet. They are now as productive as any in the township. John Houghn and wife, who was Rachel Clippert, have been dead many years, he dying first. Five of the twelve children composing this family now live in the township: Henry, who married Abigail Holmes; Elizabeth (Mrs. F. Shover); Abraham, who married Margaret Borrer; Philip, who married Elizabeth Coonrod; and Frances (Mrs. I. Miller). Zachariah Marsh, who is the oldest man in the town- ship, was born in the city of Baltimore, in the year 1787. During the war of 1812 he came to Belmont county Ohio. There he married Rachel Miller. He located in Jackson township in 1838. His wife died September 11, 1853. His children are: Catharine, Rebecca, Hannah, John, Drusella, and Elizabeth. EARLY EVENTS. The first white child born in the northwest part of the township was Nancy, a child of William C. and Catharine Duff, born in 1806, She eventually became the wife of M. Parish, and now lives in Indiana. -Hugh Grant was the first child born near the vicinity of Grove City, the date being June 30, 1807. He is yet living ‘there, hale and hearty. Among the first adult deaths in the town- ship was that of Hugh Grant, sr., already referred to. The first brick house in the township was erected by William Brown, as early as 1814. It is now occupied by a son, Samuel. The first and only post-office in Jack- son township was at Grove City, some twenty-five years since. William F. Breck was the first postmaster, and the office was located at his store. The present post- master is A. G. Grant, the office being kept at the store of R. D. Grant, who is deputy postmaster. The pioneer mercantile establishment in the township was opened at Grove City, by William F. Breck, about 1852. Mr. Breck showed a fair stock of general mer- chandise. The present stores at this point are: R. D. Grant and Hiram V. Malott, who each keep a general stock. At Borrer’s corners there is a grocery, and these comprise the mercantile interests in the township. The pioneer hotel was established at Grove City, by a man named Blackburn. The same building is at present occupied for a like purpose by William Voelkel. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. The first saw-mill in the township, now remembered, was built by Robert Seeds, on Turkey run, some forty years since. This was carried away by the floods some three years later. Hé afterwards built one on Grant’s run. In about 1850, William F. Breck erected a steam saw- mill at Grove City. Stone, for grinding purposes, were subséquently added. This mill is now being torn down, and near it George H. Grant has in process of erection a brick building, to be occupied for a grist-mill. This will be propelled by steam, and is to be a first-class mill in every respect. There are a wagon manufactory and several black- smith-shops at Grove City; also, two of the last-named at Borror’s Corners. George Vanceiver, S. J. Hughes, and E. E. Miller, have drain tile manufactories in the town- ship. The first-named is near Grove City. ORGANIZATION. Jackson township, which was originally a part of Franklin, was organized under its present name in the year 1815, but no records are now extant showing who were first elected its township officials. Following is a list of justices of the peace, as given in Martin’s History of Franklin county, with additions by T. J. Adams, esq.: 1815, William Brown, William Badger,’ Woolery Coon- rod, William C. Duff, William Seeds, Jacob B. Deimer, John Gantz, Joshua Glanville, Robert Seeds, Isaac Mil- ler, H. S. Mitchell, Isaac White, E. C. Brett, Henry Andrews, A. C. Borror, G. W. Hoover, W. P. White, J. B. Mitchell, H. C. Darnell, J. White, sr., and T. J. Adams and John S. Borror, who are the present incum- bents. The township officers for 1879 are: H. Patzer, J. C. White, R. C. Alkire, trustees; T. J. Adams, clerk ; Levi Baumgartner, treasurer; J. E. Goldsmith, assessor ; J. T. Brink, S. P. Houghn, constables. There are nine supervisors of highways. The board of education are: James Crabb (president), I. B. Borror, John Keys, G. W. Huffman, George H. Gantz, Hiram Borror, J. C. White, George H. Allen, John Linebaugh, and J. W. Woolum. GROVE CITY. The lands comprised in this hamlet, as originally laid out, were owned by John Smith. In the summer of 1852, a son-in-law, William F. Breck, caused the lands to be platted, and to this embryo village he gave the 388 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. name it now bears. Its growth, for years, was a slow one, but recently a new interest has sprung up, and sub- stantial buildings are now in process of erection. It is pleasantly situated on the Harrisburgh pike, and seven miles from Columbus. ‘The first election under the act of corporation, was held on May 10, 1866, at which time the following persons were elected: Dr. Joseph Bullen, mayor; R. Higgy, recorder; William Sibray, Anton Pil- ger, jr., H. Anderson, J. L. Smith, L. Buckhaltz, trustees. Following are the names of the mayors to the present: 1869, W. P. Mench; 1870, William Nichols; 1872, Joseph Pence; 1874, William Sibray; 1878, M. L. Harst, who still retains the office. The remaining offi- cers are: Dr. L. S. Hoover, treasurer; Thomas Sample, clerk; Dr. Francis Hoy, Henry Funk, and William Bo- del, coulcilmen. ; CHURCHES. The following sketches of churches are prepared from data collected by personal interviews with members of the different organizations represented : SCIOTO CHAPEL. The denomination who worship here are of the Chris- tian faith. As early as 1812, meetings were held at the house of William Miller, by ministers of this faith, and some two years later a church organization was effected, composed, in part, of the following persons: William Mil- ler and wife, Joseph Bennett and wife, Jacob Strader and wife, Martin Boots and wife, James Seeds and wife, Rob- ert Seeds and wife, and Mrs. Magdalena Miller. Jacob Strader and William Miller were elected deacons. A few years later, a log meeting house was erected upon land of Christopher Strader, and this was occupied until the church grew to bea strong organization. In about 1850, the present church edifice was built. ‘This stands on land donated for the purpose by Absalom Borror, The trustees were: Solomon, Levi, Hiram, and Absalom Borror, and Robert Seeds. The present church mem- bership is sixty. Rev. Samson M. Stone is the present minister. JACKSON CHAPEL, Early in the settlement, meetings were held at the house of William Breckenridge, by Rev. James Rose, of the Methodist faith, and soon a class was formed. It was composed of the following: Rev. John Solomon and wife, William Breckenridge and wife, James Butler and wife, Jacob Diemer and wife, --- Fortune and wife, and, possibly, a few others, whose names are forgolten, Meetings were held at the house of Mr. Breckenridge until the erection of the school-house in district number three (Hopewell), when they were transferred there. In about 1859, the neat church building, known as ‘ Jack- son chapel,” was erected. This stands upon land dona- ted for the purpose by William Breckenridge. was one thousand dollars. were: Its cost The trustees, at its building, Andrew Dimpsey, Isaiah Price, John Huffman, Henry King, and William Breckenridge. Among early ministers, the names of Hathaway, Lewis, and Doughty are remembered. The pastor is Rev. Stephen Frampton, who lives at Grove City. George W. Huffman is the present class leader. The trustees are: Isaac Brecken- ridge, George W. Huffman, J. B. Mitchell, John Polling, and Henry Smith. A Sunday-school was formed early, and is now in a flourishing condition. I. Breckenridge is its present superintendent. METHODISY EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT GROVE CITY. ‘The first meetings at or near Grove City, were held in about 1844, and this year a log meeting-house was erected, It was on the union plan—all the settlers in the vicinity contributing toward its erection. The plan was not a success. The first sermon delivered within its walls was by Rev. R. K. Davis, of the Protestant Metho- dist church, and a church organization was soon after effected. ‘This was a feeble affair, and was only in being some five years. Divers denominations were accommo- dated within the rough hewn walls of this primitive house of God, which is now converted into a barn, and is owned by A. G. Grant. In 1859, a small class of the Methodist Episcopal church was formed, and shortly after, the church edifice at Grove City, at present occupied by this denomination, was erected. Its cost was one thousand five hundred dollars. ‘The membership of this church now numbers about forty. Charles Harper and Cornelius Harst are the leaders; Hugh Grant, Emanuel M. White, W. R. Mench, George Allen, and Charles Harper, are the trustees. A Sabbath-school was early organized, and has grown to goodly proportions. Dr. Myers is the superintendent. ‘The attendance averages one hundred. CONCORD CHAPEL, As early as 1847, a class was formed at this point, composed of Isaac Miller, wife, and daughter, Amanda ; Mrs. Sarah Miller, Jacob Spillman and wife, William C. Duff and wife, and Jacob Dove and wife. No other names are remembered. Meetings were held at this time at the house of .\bsalom Miller, and subsequently in the school-house, in the Houghn settlement, known as the Hickory seminary. .\mong the early ministers were Revs. William Sutton, John W. White, now of Worthing- ton, and David Smith. In 1847, a log meeting-house was crected near the site of the present chapel, and in this services were held until, perhaps, 1859, when Con- cord chapel was crected. Its cost was one thousand eight hundred dollars. ‘The trustees were: John and Henry Linebaugh, Isaac Miller, Solomon Swigler, Abra- ham Miller, Jacob Spillman, and William C. Duff. The present membership is seventy-five, The class leaders were Ei. E. Miller, Solomon Swigler, and G, W. Shover. \ Sabbath-school was formed soon after the church or- ganization was effected. It has an attendance of sixty- five. E. E. Miller is its present superintendent. Rev. Mr. Callahan, of Darbyville, is the present pastor, the church being attached to that circuit. SALEM METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, which is situated on the line between this township and Pleasant, was formed about the same time as that at Con- cord chapel. It is attached to Harrisburgh circuit. Its membership is large, and in connection, there is a flour- ishing Sabbath-school. . 1 4 | 4 4 ‘OIHO od NMMXNVYY ot NO nae HOAVEANKT NHOF syovr ‘HONVEANIT NHOP 40 4 Og, £4, ep HOS Gs ey *6 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. THE GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH was formed at Grove City, as early as 1855, and soon after occurred the erection of their first meeting-house— a large log building. This was occupied for a few years, when the congregation became so large that greater ac- commodations were needed, and the present frame build- ing was erected. This church has the largest member- ship of any at Grove City, and the writer regrets that he was unable to secure data sufficient for a full history of it. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH at Grove City was formed in about 1861, or at least per- manently organized at that time. The meeting-house, the construction of which is largely due to the efforts of William F. Breck, was built the same year, and cost one thousand dollars. Among the constituent members of this church were: Daniel.Smith and wife, Adam Gantz and wife, George Weggandt, wife and family, Mrs, Wil- liam F. Breck, and perhaps a few others, whose names are not remembered. This church has quite a numerous membership. It has also a flourishing Sabbath-school in connection, of which Michael Smith is the present su- perintendent. The present pastor is Rev. Samuel D. Smith, whose residence is at Reynoldsburgh. ZION CHAPEL, This organization is composed of members from Scioto chapel, who, in the year 1869, erected the present sub- stantial brick church edifice, which cost three thousand five hundred dollars. In about 1872, the following were formally organized as a church: G. W. Gordon and wife, Henry Clark and wife, J. Smith and wife, Mrs. Rachel Adams, James, William, George and Henry Houghn and their wives, and L. A. Lewis and wife. The officers on organization were: G. W. Gordon and Henry Clark, deacons; George and James Houghn and W. P. White, trustees, who remain the same at present. A Sabbath- school was formed at the -same date with the church. Henry Clark is its present superintendent. The average attendance of children is fifty-two. The present church membership numbers seventy. Rev. Samson M. Stone, who assumed charge of the circuit in 1870, is its pastor. The writer desires to thank this gentleman for data furnished, relating to church matters. SCHOOLS. The first school of which the writer-has any data was held in the Borror settlement, as early as 1815. A little log school-house was erected on the corner of Solomon Borror’s farm, and in this building, during the winter of 1815, Asa Davis taught a term of school. This was supported by subscription, and the greater part of the children composing it were from the families of the Bor- rors, Millers, Seeds, Fishels, and -Fitzgeralds, and num- bered, perhaps, twenty. Schools were taught in this building until the erection of a brick school-house, in the same locality. In 1840, the old log building in the Houghn settlement, afterward christened the “Hickory seminary,” was erected. This did duty for many years, as a school-house, and also as a place for religious wor- ship, but it is now going to decay. The first school- fi 389 house at Grove City is of recent date. It was a framed building, and stood on the site of the present school- building. There are now ten school-houses in the town- ship. PHYSICIANS. The first of these valued members of every community who located permanently in the township, was Dr. Joseph Bullen. ‘The date of his arrival was about 1852. Dr. Bullen was a successful and popular practitioner, and he soon acquired an immense practice, by which he amassed a fine competence. He died on December 17, 1878. Other members of the medical profession have made short stays in the township, but they always sought “‘new fields and pastures rare,” after a brief sojourn here. The present medical staff numbers five, and they are all, it is said, having a fair practice. Their.names are: LS. Hoover, Francis Hoy, T. W. Taylor, Charles McGiven, and — Myers. Their history is left for a future historian to record. May it be a successful and honorable one. Of societies, the writer finds nothing to record, save that the farmer’s order, the Patrons of Husbandry, once flourished in the towhship, as have, also, temperance societies. Neither are now in operation. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN LINEBAUGH. The father and mother of the subject of this sketch, Abraham Line- baugh and Elizabeth Wickel, were born in York county, Pennsylvania, where they were married in 1805. Immediately after marriage they re- moved to Union county, Pennsylvania, where they lived until his death, in 1823. His widow, with her children, consisting of six sons and one daughter, then returned to York county, where she died in 1862, The children were: Mary, Daniel, Abraham, Jesse, John, William, and Henry. Abraham died in 1877, at the age of sixty-six. The others are all living, and all but two in Pennsylvania. John and Henry live in Jackson township, Franklin county. John Linebaugh was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, August 36, 1815. He obtained a limited education in the subscription schools of the day, and when nineteen years of age, apprenticed himself to learn the trade of a carpenter, at which he served two years. By the terms of his contract, he was to receive his board and a pair of shoes worth one dollar and twenty-five cents, instead of serving three years, with a little larger pay. After faithfully serving his time, he was able to obtain but seven dollars a month besides his expenses, and little work to do at any price. He then came to Ohio, arriving in Columbus May 10, 1837, where he found employment, and worked at his trade until 1864. Being economical and saving, he was able to accumulate con- siderable property, and some time before giving up working at his trade, he was able to purchase a good farm in the southwest part of Jackson township, where he now lives. He owns six hundred and ninety-five acres of land, the result of his own unaided efforts, and is comfortably situated in life. From choice, he has always remained single, and at present boards in his own house, with his nephew, Abraham L. Line- baugh, who manages his farm. Mr. Linebaugh has never worked much at farming, and is possessed of a sufficiency of this world's goods to allow him a comfortable liveli- hood without having recourse to hard labor. 39° HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. THE BORROR FAMILY. The members of the Borror family, consisting of Mrs. Magdalene Borror and seven children, emigrated from Virginia, in 1809, and set- tled in the south part of Jackson township, Franklin county, on a tract of two hundred and fifty acres of land, given Mrs. Borror by her father, Christopher Strader, who had been a soldier in the Revolutionary war, from Virginia. Her husband, Jacob Borror, also served as a soldier in the war for independence, and in the faithful discharge of his duties to his country, suffered untold hardships, which undermined a naturally strong constitution, and planted the seeds of disease which caused his death, in 1804. The members of the family were: the mother, Mrs. Magdalene Borror, and her children—Martin, Christine, Jacob, Solo- mon, Isaac, Myomi, and Absalom. The settlement and marriage of each will be found in the history of Jackson township. Absalom Borror was the youngest of seven children, and was born in Hardy county, Virginia, December 21, 1804. Some years after their set- tlement in Ohio, he married Elizabeth Seeds, by whom he had six chil- dren: Hiram, Louis, John S., Harriet, Ephraim, and Elizabeth. Mrs. Borror died in about 1833, and, in February, 1834, he married Margaret Badger, who was born December 27, 1814. They have had four chil- dren: William Martin, Catharine, Martha Jane, and Christine. Hiram, the eldest child of Absalom Borror, married Harriet Brunk, and lives on the farm adjoining, on the southeast; Louis married Elizabeth Watts, and died at Borror’s corners, where his widow now lives; John married Angeline Seeds, and lives at Borror's corners; where he has a farm; he also owns a store building on his land; Harriet died, when a young woman; Ephraim married Susan Beckett, and died on his farm, north of the ‘‘corners,"’ where his widow now lives; Elizabeth married A. E. Brown, and lives west of Commercial Point, in Pickaway county; Will- iam Mnrtin died in infancy; Catharine married Jonathan Swagler, and died at his home, north of the ‘corner ; Martha Jane married Hiram V. Malott, and lives in Grove City; Christine married John Haines, and lives on the home farm. In this connection appears views of the residences of Absalom Borror. | John Haines, John S. Borror, Ephraim Borror, Louis Borror, Hiram Borror and H. V. Malott, the latter of Grove City. HAMILTON. Hamilton township is within the, so-called, Congress Tands, and is bounded on the north by Marion township, on the south by;Pickaway county, and on the west by the Scioto river. In the original division of Franklin county into townships, Hamilton was embraced in Liberty and Harrison townships. The township was organized un- der its present name in 1807. It then contained within its limits the territory now constituting Madison town- ship. In the formation of the township of Marion in 1873, the two northern tiers of sections in Hamilton were detached and included in the new township. SURFACE, SOIL AND STREAMS, The township, for the most part, is quite level, the most rolling land lying in the western part, along the Chillicothe pike. In the quality of its soil, the township is probably not cqualed by any other in the county, the soil being largely of a limestone nature, except in the vicinity of the Scioto river, where there is bottom land. The principal and only stream, worthy of description, within the township, is the Gahanna river, commonly called Big Walnut creek, a large eastern branch of the Scioto. It rises in the northeastern part of Delaware county, and after running a southern course for about forty miles, into the southeast part of Franklin county, recelves a stream from the east called Black lick, and just below Alum creek from the west. It enters Hamil- ton and Madison townships, in section twenty-four, flows a very tortuous course through the township, leaving it in the southwest corner. ANCIENT REMAINS. The township contains a number of mounds, or carth- works —the only records of the existence of a former race. On the west bank of Gahanna river, in section thirty-four, on an elevated piece of land, are the remains of an ancient fort, or ditch, which has been almost com- pletely obliterated by the cultivation of the soil. Nearly a mile east of this, on the farm of Thomas M. Clark, are two mounds, situated about a quarter of a mile apart, the larger of which is round in shape, and the smaller oblong. These mounds have been dug into to some extent, and implements and human bones were found. There are several other mounds, in different portions of the township, but they do not essentially differ from those already mentioned. A BEAR HUNT. All kinds of wild animals were very plentiful in the early settlement of the township, although bears may be said to have been scarce; sufficiently so to make their hunt exciting. About the year 1818, an old bear was seen, by Jacob Hamler, preparing to make a meal of one of George Rohor’s hogs, a short distance from his house. Hamler ran over to Mr. Rohor’s, where there were sev- eral men at the time, and informed him of the circum- stance. Armed with guns and axes, and accompanied by a couple of dogs, the men started in pursuit of the animal, which the dogs soon overtook, and a running fight ensued, for about a mile, when old bruin ran up a large black oak tree. By the time the men arrived it had become too dark to shoot accurately, and, at length, a bonfire was built up, by the light of which the hunters pourcd a volley of bullets into the animal. The tree was cut down, after firing a number of times, when the bear was found to be dead, having lodged in the fork of the tree, with sixteen bullet holes in his body.. He was taken home, and a barbecue made of him the next day. Dr. JEREMIAH CLARK. Hamilton received a valuable accession to its settlement, in 1826, in the arrival of its pioneer physician, Dr. Jeremiah Clark. Dr. Clark was the son of John and Mary Clark, and was born in Waterbury, Con- necticut, on the fourth day of June, 1804. When he was fourteen years of age his parents removed to Ohio, and settled in Medina county, where some of the family had located before them, and ina local history of that county we find the following reference to their arrival : “In April, 1818, Dr. Bela B. Clark, a brother of Ransom and John L. Clark, arrived and informed them that their father, John Clark, was coming, and they left their chopping and cut the logs for a shanty for the family, and had got it up and three-fourths of the roof on when their father’s team appeared in sight. They soon finished the roof, and the family crossed the river on flood-wood (the stream being so high they could not then cross with their teams), and carried their bed- ticks—filled with straw and leaves—and such other articles as they could, lodged in their cabin in real pioneer style, and like others of their neighbors before them, fared as best they could. They were forty days on their journey from Bridge- water, Connecticut.” While yet a young man, Dr. Clark was offered, by his father, a farm in Wakeman, Huron county, Ohio, where he had two brothers then living, if he would locate on the land and clear it up. The offer was promptly accepted, but the young man soon became convinced that the occupation of a farmer was one for which he was not adapted, and in which he would never achieve success. He gave up the farm and de- cided to study medicine, and it is a somewhat singular fact that no less than five sons of this family were members of the medical profession. His brother, Harmon M. Clark, was an early and well-known physician in Huron county, Ohio, and we find him prominently mentioned in a history of that county. In 1824, the subject of our notice commenced the study of medicine with his brother, Dr. Bela B. Clark, of Medina county, and subsequently attended lectures at the Medical Society of the Nineteenth Medical District of the State of Ohio, located at Cleve- land, where he graduated October 25, 1825. He first settled in Green Castle, Fairfield county, but only remained a short time, when he came to Franklin county and established himself in practice in Hamilton town- ship. : October 4, 1826, he was married to Jane C., daughter of Thomas Morris, who was one of the earliest, as he was one of the most promi- nent, of the pioneers of Hamilton township. After his marriage Dr. Clark located on the farm’ of his father-in-law, and’ with his practice combined agricultural pursuits. His wife died February 8, 1831, at the age of twenty-eight years, six months and nine days. September 3, * 1833, he was again married, to Julia Ann Fox, of Madison township, Pickaway county, Ohio, originally from Hampshire county, Virginia, where she was born, July 29, 1805. Dr. Clark continued in the active discharge of his professional duties until 1846, at which time his health had become somewhat impaired, and he thereafter led a more retired life. In the fall of 1845 he was elected to the legislature, as a Whig, from Franklin county, and served for one year—the period for which members of that body were chosen under the old State constitution. Dr. Clark was a man of many admirable traits of character, of unas- sailable integrity, liberal and kind hearted. He was for years one of the leading members of the Walnut Hill Methodist Episcopal church, and contributed most liberally to its support. He was a man of strong convictions and when his judgment was once formed it could not be easily shaken. But he was not hasty in his conclusions and, asa con- sequence, was generally in the right. In his manner he was dignified, yet courteous and affable to all. After a life of great activity and usefulness he died, at his residence, in Hamilton, on the fifth day of March, 1865, leaving to his family the priceless inheritance of a good name. Dr. Clark was the father of nine children, born of his second wife, as follows: Ann Eliza, born June 20, 1834, and died in September of the same year; Mary Munson, born August ro, 1835, and married John C. Platter, August 28, 1860; Thomas M., born March 9g, 1837, and mar- tied December 11, 1860, Sarah Jane F rank, who died September 16, 1867; married, second, Ellen Hickman, October 24, 1877; John D., born December 27, 1838, and died July 6, 1842; William F., born August 26, 1840, and married, March 15, 1866, Malinda N. German; Henry G., born October 8, 1842, and married Anna H. Millar, September 26, 1867; Herman J., born September 27, 1844, died February 26, 1865; John F., born December 16, 1846, and married Eliza Elliott, in February, 1868; Sarah Ann, born February 16, 1849, and became the wife of Frank B. Herr, December 12, 1867. Mrs. Clark, who is still living, and is now in her seventy-fifth year, resides on the homestead with her daughter, Mrs. Herr. WILLIAM ROHR. Among the few pioneers of Franklin county who still remain to enjoy the fruits of their early toil, privations and hardships is the subject of this sketch, William Rohr. Born in Haycock township, Bucks county, Penn- sylvania, September 20, 1810, he emigrated, when six years of age (in 1816), with his parents to Ohio. On the 5th day of July, of that year, a little company consisting of seventeen persons, and facetiously called Rohr’s emi- gration company, started on their journey to the west. The emigrants were Michael Rohr and wife; George Rohr, his wife and two sons, John and William; John Rohr, wife and sons, Jacob and Charles; John Smith, wife and daughter; Thomas Rathmell, wife and infant daughter, and a man by the name of Peter Wisel. After a journey of six weeks made with three wagons, one four- horse wagon and two two- horse wagons, and the most of the way over mountains and hills, the travelers ar- rived in Madison township, Franklin county, Ohio, on the sixteenth day of August. Michael Rohr purchased sec- tion number six, in Madison township, on which a small clearing had been made by Henry Bunn, and resided upon it until his death. He was born in 1756, and died in 1818. His son, George Rohr, the father of the sub- ject of this sketch, was a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and was born in 1785. He married Eliz- abeth Catharine Funk, who was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, in 1784. He died on the home- stead, in Madison township, —, 1862, and she, January 14,1854. They were the parents of four children, two of whom died when young. John is still living in Mad- ison township, aged about seventy-one. William Rohr was married, in 1831, to Elizabeth Wolf, daughter of Matthias Wolf, an early settler in Madison township, afterward in the east part of Hamilton. She was born in Pendleton county, Virginia, June 21, 1811, and was about a year old when her father emigrated to Ohio. After his marriage Mr. Rohr remained for over a year in the house of his father-in-law, and they together put up a saw-mill on Big Walnut creek, not far from where the residence of W. T. Rees now is. In 1833 he BYVIFIL V located on the opposite side of the road from his present residence, and subsequently purchased and settled on the farm on which he now lives. For about twelve years Mr. Rohr followed the trade of wagon-making, which he had learned from his father, and carried on the business in the little shop which is still standing near his residence. His principal occupation, during his life, however, has been that of farming, in which he has been more suc- cessful than falls to the lot of the majority of agricultur- ists. In former years Mr. Rohr was extremely fond of the sport of fishing. The streams abounded in salnion, pike, white perch and other varieties, now nearly extinct, and no one in the settlement was a more enthusiastic and successful angler than he. His wife died February 8, 1868, and some three or four years afterward he made a division of his prop- erty, consisting of eight hun- dred acres of land, among his children, retaining a life lease upon the whole. Mr. Rohr has been a member of the Lutheran church in Hamilton, for upwards of fifty years, and has filled the various offices in its gift. In politics he is a Republican. Mr. Rohr is the father of eleven children, as follows: George, born March 7, 1832, and died August 7, 1833; Matthias, born November 4, 1833, and died January 30, 1835; Mary Ann, born No- vember 6, 1835, now wife of Joseph Shoaf, and resides in Hamilton; Eliza Jane, born December 7, 1837, now wid- ow of John B. Young, and lives in Hamilton; Absalom, born January 19, 1838, now atesident of Madison township; Lewis, born August 28, 1841, and died July 27, 1842; William Henry, born April 24, 1844, and resides on the home place with his father; Sarah Elizabeth, born August 21, 1846, was the wife of Dimmick Harris, and died November 30, 1876; Rachel Catharine, born February 2, 1849, is now the wife of William Strickler, and occupies the old Matthias Wolf farm; Louisa Ellen, born July 29, 1851, wife of Peter N. Hudson, and lives south of the home farm in Hamilton; and an unnamed child, born December I, 1853, who died the twelfth of the same month. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. A man by the name of Gordon killed, just over the river, in Jackson township, three bears in one day—an old she bear and two cubs. SETTLEMENT. The first settler was, probably, John Dill, who came from York county, Pennsylvania, about the year 1800, and entered twelve hundred acres of land in the north- west part of the township, residing first in Franklinton, where he was one of the first settlers. He soon after- wards sold the half of the tract to Michael Fisher. He lived on the bank of the river, and his old log house is yet standing, and is now occupied by Edward Fisher. Dill was an early justice of the township. His life was cut short by accident. While riding, in company with Judge Flannagan, he was thrown from his horse by a mis-step of the animal, and sustained an injury to his head, which caused his death a few hours after. His wife survived him. They were both buried in the old Franklinton graveyard, but there is nothing to mark their resting place. They had no children. Michael Fisher settled in the same vicinity soon after John Dill. He was a native of Hardy county, Virginia, and was born September 15, 1767. After his marriage to Sarah Petty, he resided in Kentucky one year, when he moved to Ohio, some time prior to 1800. He pur- chased a military claim of about eight hundred acres, just west of the river, in Franklin and Jackson townships, and located in the bend of the river. He lived there a year or two, and then sold apart of his land, and bought six hundred acres of John Dill, and moved into this township. He built on the bank of the river, on the Chillicothe road, as it then run. He had a saw-mill there at an early day, which was demolished when the canal was built. Mr. Fisher was also an early justice of the peace in Hamilton. He died in this township, Jan- uary 15, 1824, and his wife January 2, 1843. Thomas Morris settled in Hamilton, in 1803 or 1804. He had been in this section with a surveying party, in 1799. He was a native of New York city, and was horn September 1, 1767. .At the age of nineteen he went to Kentucky, and in the fall of 1802,came to Ohio, and with others located on the Scioto river, at what was called “high banks,” south of Chillicothe. A year or two afterwards he removed to this township, and entered sec- tion twenty-seven, than which there is no better section of land in Franklin county. The old patent, therefor, issued October 23, 1805, and signed by Thomas Jeffer- son, president, and James Madison, secretary of State, is now in possession of Thomas M. Clark. Mr. Morris lo- cated where widow Clark now lives, and resided there until his death, July 16, 1853. He was a man of energy, of character, and of strict integrity, and every object looking to the moral well-being of society, found in him a warm supporter. He was largely instrumental in the establishment of the Walnut hill church, formerly called the Morris church, to which he made a donation of land, and at his death bequeathed the income of one thousand dollars for its support, and that of the burying-ground lo- cated there. He, too, served as a justice of the peace in an early day, in this township. He was marricd twice, - and was rocked in a sap-trough for a cradle. 391 and had two daughters, one of whom (Jane) was the first wi’c of Dr. Jeremiah Clark. A family by the name Stewart were early settlers in _ Ha nilton, just south of where the starch factory now stands. A son, William, married Betsey Fisher, and oc- cup.ed the place after his father’s death. John Stambaugh and family, consisting of his wife and four children, moved in from Lancaster county, Pennsyl- vania, in 1804. He lived where the widow of his son, Frederick, now resides (now Marion township), taking up the west half of section three. He had two sons and four daughters, all now dead ‘but one daughter—Mrs. David Mooberry, who lives in Illinois. Frederick, who occupied the homestead up to the day of his death, in 1861, was born there, in 1811; he married Elizabeth Bay- lor, who is still living on the same property. Percival Adams, about this time, settled on a part of the southwest quarter of section twenty-seven. David Spangler, one of the earliest settlers of the town- ship, emigrated, with his family, from Rockingham county, Virginia, and settled where his grandson, W. T. Spang- ler, now lives. He built the old brick house there, about sixty-five years ago. He had a large family, but only two sons are living—one in the northern part of the State, and the other in Illinois. David, his son (now deceased), married Julia Holmes, who is still living, near South Bloomfield, Pickaway county. David Spangler, sr., died July 26, 1841, aged nearly seventy-six. The Ramseys—Samuel, James, and Robert—were among the early pioneers of the county. Samuel and James settling in the west part of Madison township, and Robert in this, on the east line of the township, on Big Walnut, where the bridge now is. His sons run a ferry across the creek as early as 1814 or 1815. Their boat was flat-bottomed and was capable of carrying a loaded wagon and team of six horses at a single time, and fre- quently ferried across wagons loaded with merchandise from the east. Ferguson Morehead, originally from Pennsylvania, came to Ohio from Kentucky with his mother anda brother. In 1806 he married Jane Williams, and settled on the Scioto river south of David Spangler’s. He died there about the year 1846, and his wife in 1825. Mrs. Maria Holmes, now living in this township with her son, Isaac Holmes, was their oldest child. She was born October 1, 1807, in the cabin on the bank of the river, She mar- ried Isaac Holmes September 6, 1827, and spent her married life in Harrison township, Pickaway county. George W. Williams came from Maryland in the spring of 1805, and located in Franklinton. A year afterward he moved into Hamilton, and settled where his son, David, now lives, section eleven, now Marion township. He opened a tavern on the Groveport road, in 18ra2, which at the time was the principal stopping place be- tween Middletown, now Oregon, in Madison township, and Franklinton. Mr. Williams kept tavern there until his death, in 1829. His wife survived him many years, and died at the age of over eighty. They were the pa- rents of twelve children, four of whom survive, viz: 392 George W. Williams, living in this township; Eli, in Mifflin; Mrs. Mary Earhart, in Columbus; and David, in Marion township. The first named was "born in Ham- ilton, in 1809, and is, without doubt, the oldest inhalbi- tant of Hamilton, who was born in the township. He married Laura Ann Moore, whose father, Simeon Moore, jr., was an early pioneer of Blendon township. John Weatherington came into the township in 1805, with his son-in-law, George W. Williams. He entered a part of section seventeen, and resided there until his death. His sons, Isaac, John, and William, all settled in the township. His daughter, Rebecca, was the wife of Mr. Williams, and two other daughters --Margaret and Comfort, married, respectively, John and Josiah Williams, brothers of George W.,, sr. James and Andrew Culbertson joined the settlement about this time; also, Robert Shannon, and his sons, Samuel, Hugh, James, John, Joseph, and William. John Huff came in with Emmer Cox (who settled in Madison township), in the year 1807. He settled where Amos Culp now lives, in section twelve, and died on that place at an advanced age. He was a Revolutionary sol- dier. Henry Hornbaker was an early settler, in the southeast quarter of section thirty-six, and Thomas Swan, in the northeast quarter of the same section. Swan sold out, in 1818, to Mathias Wolf, and went west. The Sullivants—Thomas, William, and James—settled, at an early day, on a portion of section thirty-six. They bought no land, but took a lease, at the expiration of which, they moved out of the county. Zebulon Gray came from Maryland, at an early day, and a family, by the name of German, came at the same time. Gray and George German moved to Indiana. Jesse German was a resident of Hamilton until his death, and some of his children now reside here. William Thomas was an early occupant of section thirty- six, not far from where William Rohr now lives. He re- moved to Indiana, and died there. The Lamberts settled, quite early, on the farm now owned and occupied by ‘Thomas M. Clark, the northwest quarter of section thirty-five. ‘he father and mother both died there. ‘I'wo of the sons moved west. Jacob Wolf was an early settler on the farm now occu- pied by his son-in-law, ‘Timothy Sherman, and died, only a few years since,’at the age of nearly ninety. George Hays located, at an early date, in section twenty-four, and occupied, as a renter, the farm now owned by Harvey Lisle. Levi Shinn was an early pioneer of Hamilton, and set- tled in section thirty-four. In 1809, Samuel Pursel came to Ohio, from near Brownsville, Pennsylvania, a town on the Monongahela river. Shortly after coming, he was married to Nancy O’Harra, whose parents were pioneers of the old town of Franklinton, and located in Hamilton, a short distance south of where Rees’ station now is. Subsequently, he settled in the west part of the township, on the Chilli- cothe road, where he lived until his death, which oc- curred in the year 1844. Mr. Pursel was a volunteer HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND: PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. t It ' t J r i cinnati. in the war of 1812, and assisted in building the block- houses at Upper Sandusky. He was an expert hunter, and, during the early years of his settlement, killed a great many deer, wild turkeys, and smaller game, which, as was the custom among the pioneers, he divided with his’ neighbors. ‘Ten children were born to him. Mrs. Harriet Stimmel, now residing in this township, was the eldest, and was born in this township, in March, 1811. She became the wife of Yost Stimmel (now deceased), son of Michael Stimmel. Mrs. Stimmel has three chil- dren: Mrs. John R. Cook, in Columbus; John, in this township, and Smith Stimmel, an attorney-at-law in Cin- She has buried four. Asa Dunn, from New Jersey, was an early settler near where Shadville now stands, on the bank of the river. He had a distillery and a small corn-mill on the river. Michael Stimmel, with his wife and two children, came from Hampshire county, Virginia, in 1810. They made the journey on horseback, the father carrying one of the children and the mother the other, who was then about a year old. Mr. Stimmel located first on the farm of William Renick, in Pickaway county, where he remained for a year or two, when he came to Franklin county, and settled in this township, on the farm now owned by the family of Thomas Johnson, jr. He was a blacksmith by trade, and kept a shop there. This farm he occupied about seven years, and then purchased and settled on the farm now owned and occupied by John Stimmel, his son, where he spent the remainder of his life, dying there in the spring of 1859. Peter, Daniel, and Jacob, brothers of Michael Stimmel, came out afterward, and married and settled in this county— Peter and Daniel in Hamil- ton, and Jacob in Franklin township. deceased. John Shoaf, and family, consisting of his wife and ten children: John Plum, wife, and daughter, and Samuel Riley, moved in together from Hardy county, Virginia, on the south branch of the Potomac river, in the fall of 1812. Henry and Jacob Plum had arrived some time before this. Shoaf and family spent the following winter in a cabin of Andrew Culbertson, and in the spring lo- cated near the present site of Lockbourne. Some eighteen months afterward, he made a trip to Virginia, during which he contracted a cold, and died soon after returning to Ohio, in the spring of 1814. Of this large family, John, living in Hamilton, is the only survivor. John Plum settled where William Riley now resides, in section fifteen. He purchased there two hundred acres of land, and also a farm in the vicinity of Lock- bourne. He lived but a few years after his settlement, but his wife lived until the age of ninety-five. Samuel Riley was single when he came to Ohio, but afterwards he married’ Susan, daughter of John Plum, and occupied the place on which her parents settled. David Williams came from near Morefield, Hardy county, Virginia, and in connection with his brother, Abraham, who lived in Chillicothe, located some seven hundred acres of land in the southwest part of the town- ship. April 23, 1811, he married Margaret Kerns, and settled on the land he had purchased, first occupying a They are all now 47 JACOB STOUTZENBARGER, one of Hamilton’s substantial farmers, is the eldest of two children of John and Hannah (Rowe) Stoutzenbar- ger, and was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, December 26, 1810. His father died when he was three years of age, and when he was ten years old his mother also died. After her death he worked out for a living, and when he was fifteen years of age, hired to a farmer for four dollars per month. He was economical with his small earnings, and at the end of the year had saved twelve dollars. In this saving he laid the foundation of his successful busi- ness life. When his year on the farm expired, he learned the carpenter’s trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years and a half, and subsequently worked at the trade, on his own account, for about three years. Having by this time accumulated a capital of about a thousand dol- lars, he opened a store in a small country town in Penn- sylvania, called New Providence. He conducted the little store for six years, when he sold out for six thou- sand dollars. Having a eapital to invest, he was induced by his friend, Amor Rees, to come to Hamilton, and with him purchase a saw-mill. They afterwards built a distillery on Big Walnut creek, a short distance above the present residence of W. T. Rees. This they operated about four years, when Mr. Stoutzenbarger, sold his in- terest to his partner, the business not proving as profit- able as he desired. He then went to Marion county, and erected a distillery at Caledonia, which he carried on some seven years, with success. He then disposed of the still, and concluding to engage at farming, he re- turned to Franklin county, and purchased the one hun- dred and sixty acres on which he now lives. He has since, at different times, added to his original purchase, until he now owns nearly one thousand acres in this county, besides a considerable landed interest in the west. Mr. Stoutzenbarger’s extraordinary success im the accumulation of property, having never received any as- sistance whatever, has been due to his prudence and industry, combined with a large degree of sagacity. Un. like many whose success in this direction is the result of questionable methods, Mr. Stoutzenbarger’s honesty and integrity were never doubted, and he enjoys the confi- dence and respect of all who know him. Mr. Stoutzenbarger was married March, 1843, to Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and Julia Ann Frank (after- wards wife of Amor Rees), who was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1823. She became the mother of four children, and died in 1848. Three of the children died in infancy; the other, Susan, born June 28, 1844, married C. S. Herr, December 21, 1864, and resides- with her husband on a farm of her father’s, near Shadeville. earn a amt RL a sees ze RESIDENE oe E or JACO d B STO S UTZENBARGER cant LON TS. FRAN LTRE a RANKLIN Cc ae 5 0., OHIO. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. cabin a short distance south of Mrs. Catharine Williams’ present residence. He afterwards built a brick house on the same location. The frame house now occupied by Mrs. Williams, he erected fifty-four years ago, and occu- pied it until his death, in 1834. His wife died in May, 1840. They had nine children—Abraham, Mary, Abner K., David, Rebecca H., William, Benjamin, Isaac, and Sarah E,, all now deceased, except Mary, wife of Felix Renick, of Pickaway county, and Rebecca, who married P, L. Howlett, and is now living near Springfield, Illi- nois. Abner K. lived in this township, where his son, David, now lives; and David, near Lockbourne, on the place occupied now by his family; William married Mrs. Nancy Mckinley, and after her death, Mary Williams, widow of his brother, Abner K.; she now lives in Shade- ville; Benjamin was married to Catharine Wright, of Missouri—she still occupies the old homestead of David Williams, sr.; Sarah E. was the wife of Seymour Renick. Mathias Wolf and family moved into the township in 1812. He settled in section twenty-six, and lived there until his death, in March, 1849, aged fifty years. His wife survived him ten years. They had but one child —a daughter, who became the wife of William Rohr. Frederick Stombaugh, with his wife and six children, came from Pennsylvania during the war of 1812. He settled on the place now occupied by Dr. Blish, on the Lancaster pike, and died there about 1849 or 1850. His wife died previous to that date. They raised a family of six children, of whom there are living: Samuel, who lives in Iowa; Frederick, who lives north of Columbus; and Elizabeth, widow of George W. McCloud, who lives in Marion township. Mrs. McCloud is now seventy years of age. Jacob Shook came from Westmoreland county, Penn- sylvania, with his father, Philip Shook, in 1812. His father, with his family, settled in Madison township, Pick- away county, where Abraham Shook now lives, and re- sided there until his death. Jacob Shook, in 1817, mar- ried Judeth Glick, who came to Fairfield county with her parents in 1808. Mr. Shook settled about a mile north of his father, on forty acres of land, on the south part of the tract now owned by Z. H. Perrill. In 1822 he came into this township, but remained only two years, when he returned to his former place of residence, in Pickaway county. In 1828 he erected a saw-mill on Slate run, in Madison township, Pickaway county, the race for which he was five years in completing. In the spring of 1849, he removed to this township, and located on the south-, east quarter of section twelve, which had previously been purchased by his sons, Elias and Jeremiah. He died there in 1860, at the age of seventy years. His wife died in March, 1879, at the residence of her son, Elias Shook, at the age of nearly eighty-one. ‘They had six children, of whom Elias is the only survivor. In 1859, the latter married Rebecca, daughter of Henry Allspaugh, and oc- cupied the place on which his father had resided until about eighteen years ago, when he moved to the farm on which he now resides, at Lockbourne. George Klickenger came from New Jersey about 1820. He stopped in Franklinton for about six months, when. 5° 393 he purchased eighty acres in the northeast quarter of section eleven. He died there some twenty years ago. He had nine children, all of whom were born in New Jersey, but the youngest, John B., living on the old homestead, and Mrs. Jasper Berger, in Iowa, are the only surviving members of the family. Aldridge Watkins, a native of Massachusetts, came to Ohio from Ontario county, New York, arriving in this township July 4, 1822. He first located in section two, but subsequently moved to section twelve, where he lived for some time ; finally settling where his son Q. A. now resides. He died in March, 1849. Much of his life was spent in work at jobs on the®roads, on the canal, and the streets of Columbus. He was the father of seven children, four of whom are now living, viz: Philo B, and Quincey A, who are among the substantial farmers of Marion township ; Madaline, widow of Capt. Morrison, in Columbus, and Emeline, wife of Philomel M. Gray, in Scioto township, Pickaway county. The mother, now in the seventy-eighth year of her age, lives with her son, Quincey A. Alexander Harrison, then a boy twelve years of age, came with his parents to Ohio from near Winchester, Virginia, in 1802. They settled at Lancaster, Fairfield county, where, January 6, 1813, he married Nancy Strode who came to the same vicinity from Berkeley county, Virginia, in 1806. Mr. Harrison came to Hamil- ton in 1829, and settled in the southwest quarter of sec- tion one. He was a carpenter by trade, and worked on the canal, in the construction of locks, for about three years. He died in this township December 6, 1853, aged eighty-three. His wife died November 24, 1857. ‘There were three children: William H., the only one now living, married in 1846, Mary Kiger, who died about two years after marriage. Mr. Harrison has resided in the section where he now lives continuously since 1829. March 4, 1852, he married Susannah Gushart, with whom he now lives. Alexander Harrison, sr., was a Revolutionary soldier, serving through almost the entire war, and was in several important engagements. He was a guard at Independ- ence Hall, Philadelphia, when the Declaration of Inde- pendence was read. Samuel Ranck has been a resident of this township about forty years. He was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1811, and emigrated to Ross county, Ohio, in 1834. The next year he came to Franklin county, and resided in Madison township nearly five years, when he moved to Hamilton. Joshua Betts settled, where Shadeville now stands, in February, 1834. He married, in the spring of 1835, Catharine Lilley, and kept, for several years, a boarding house in a cabin that stood on the site of the present residence of Mrs. Seeds. He located, where he now lives, in 1844. EARLY EVENTS. % The first birth in the township was that of Maximilla Fisher, daughter of Michael and Sarah Fisher, who was born September 20, 1800. When this event occurred, the parents were residing on the banks of the Scioto. Miss 394 Fisher became the wife of Arthur O’Harra. There were some very early burials in the Walnut Hill burying- ground, but the graves have now no mark to designate their location. The oldest inscription in the graveyard is that on the tombstone of John Hornbaker, who was buried there in February, 1811. “In July, of the same year, his son, Henry, was also buried there. The same year, also, the wife of William‘Thomas was deposited there. The first road laid out in the township was the old Franklin and Chillicothe road, which then run a dif- ferent course from that which the pike: now does. On the old road, on the farm now occupied by Timothy Sherman, the first tavern in the township was kept by James Culbertson. The next tavern was that of George W. Williams, previously mentioned. EARLY SCHOOLS. The earliest schools were kept’ in private cabins, and were supported by subscription. The first school was kept in an unoccupied log cabin, on the farm of Thomas Johnson. John Lusk and Samuel Clark were among the earliest teachers. The first school-house in the township was erected in the Stombaugh neighborhood, on the back part of the Stewart farm. One of the first teachers here was a man by the name of Goodnough. Andrew Arm- strong and Ellen Toppin were also early teachers. A school-house was built, at an early date, on the John Thompson farm. The first school-house at Lockbourne was a log building, and stood at the upper end of the town, nearly opposite the residence of William Many- penny. The first school in the vicinity of Shadeville was taught in a log school-house, near the present bridge at the intersection of the pike and canal. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. THE LUTHERAN CHURCH. In the year 1812, Rev. M. Foster, a minister of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination, was invited by mem- bers of the Reformed and Lutheran denomination, re- siding in Hamilton, to come and preach to them, which request was complied with, and Mr. Foster continued to preach for them for two years, holding meetings generally in dwelling houses. An organization was formed with the following membership: Philip Helsel, (. Kissinger, John Sharp, Jacob Plum, Michael Stimmel, Nicholas Young, Frederick Stombaugh, and others. Philip Hel- sel and G. Kissinger were chosen elders, and Michael Stimmel and Nicholas Young, wardens. ‘The second minister was Charles Henkel, who began his labors in 1819, and remained six or seven years. In 1821 a log meeting-house was built, and the society incorporated .under the name of “The German [Lutheran and Re- formed congregation of the township of Hamilton.” Prof. William Smith, of the Columbus Lutheran semi- | nary, succeeded Mr. Henkel, commencing in 1831, and continuing four years. Rev. Mr. Pence was the next pastor, and remained until the spring of 1842. He was followed by Philip Gast, under whom, in 1844, a new brick church was built. The successive pastors since Mr. Gast, are as follows: Rev. Mr. Speilman, Rev. Dan- iel Worley, Rev. Mr. Shultze, and Rev. FE. Schmid, who HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. is still in charge, having been pastor since 1863. “The new church building was erected in 1873, costing about nine thousand dollars, and was dedicated June 7th, of the following year. The church consists of two divisions, constituting one congregation. The society is large and prosperous, the actual membership being three hundred in the English division, and seventy in the German. The pastor preaches one Sunday in English, and the other in German. WALNUT HILL METHODIST CHURCH, In 1804 the pioneer circuit 1ider, Rey. James Quinn, was appointed to the Hockhocking circuit. Soon after he made his way from Toby Town, near where Royalton now is, which was one of his regular appointments, to the cabin of William Harper, near where Lockbourne now stands, with Ezekiel Groom as his pilot through the wil- derness. ‘At Mr. Harper’s was organized the first society on the waters of Walnut creek, The members of the class were: William and Anna Harper, Noah and Thank- ful Bishop, Ezekiel and Rhoda Groom. The class was afterward removed to widow Lambert’s, and later to Wal- nut Hill. A frame meeting-house was built therein 1833, the Presbyterians assisting in its erection. ‘Thomas Morris donated two acres of land for the church and graveyard, and at his death left the society one thousand dollars, the interest on which he directed in his will to be used in keeping up the church and burying-ground. The brick church was erected in 1869, at a cost of six thousand four hundred dollars. ‘The membership is now about eighty. The class in Lockbourne held their ear- liest meetings in a log school-house, in the upper end of town. After the erection of the United Brethren church they held their services in that until 1850, when their present brick church was built. Among the membership composing the class at the time of its organization were: Josiah Hulva and wife, Thomas Bennett, and J. M. Bennett. The first preacher for the socicty was a Rev. Mr. Martin. The membership of this church is now about forty-seven. ‘The Sunday-school of this church was organized in 1848, by Josiah Hulva and wife, assisted by William T. , Smith, Abraham Smith, Samuel Rank, and others. The , school was, at first, held in the United Brethren church, but, in 1851, was removed to the Methodist Episcopal church, Josiah Hulva was the first superintendent, and held that position until 1857, when he was succeeded by Wm. T. Smith. After Mr. Smith, the superintendents __were, successively: Dr, J. N. Robinson, Joseph Brantner, John Stimmel, and John Rathmell. | | ? THE METHODIST CHURCH at Shadeville was organized in 1856, by Rev. Mr. Hooper. The members were Joshua Betts and wife, and. - Alban Kaylor and wife. A. frame mecting-house was : erected the same year, and occupied about ten years, ' when it fell down. ‘The present brick church was built | some six or seven years ago. ST. MATTHEW'S CHURCH (EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN), at Lockbourne, was erected in 1875, and the society was formed about the same time. ‘The church cost some- WK \\ . JOHN LISLE. JOHN LISLE. MRS, HAMILTON TP, FRANKLIN CO., 0. JNO. LISLE, — RESIDENCE oF ARTHUR O’HARRA. The subject of this notice was of Scotch ancestry; his parents, Hugh and Mary O’Harra, were natives of Vir- ginia, whence they emigrated to Ross county (now Pick- away), in 1800, There Arthur was born, February 6, 1801. He grew up to boyhood on the farm of his father, and, about 1819, came from Marion county (where his parents had previously removed), to Frankiin county, and for a time worked at brick-making in Columbus. Subsequently, he engaged in agricultural pursuits, in which he continued during his life; he was an intelligent tiller of the soil, with advanced views of agriculture. In 1826, he was united in marriage, by the Rev. Dr. Hoge, to Miss Maxamillia Fisher, daughter of Michael and Sarah Fisher, who were among the earliest settlers in the county. Mrs. O’Harra was born September 20, 1800, and the event is believed to have been the first of the kind in Hamilton township. Colonel O’Harra, as he was familiarly called, was a man of large stature, being six feet in height and possessing corresponding physical strength; he also possessed a naturally vigorous mind, and exerted a potent influence over those with whom he mingled. It was his custom to enforce upon his children a strict compliance with his serious religious views, and all his conduct was regulated froma christian standpoint. He was a prominent member of the Presbyterian church, and was an elder in the church for thirty-five years. Colonel O’Harra possessed, in an eminent degree, those sterling characteristics of the race of which he was a wor- thy descendant. He was frugal, industrious, persever- ing, thoroughly honorable and honest, and enjoyed the respect of all who knew him. He died in Hamilton town- Mrs. O’Harra They raised a family of eight children, ship, Franklin county, March 6, 1875. died in 1864. seven of whom are now living. At the time of his death, Colonel O’Harra had, besides his children, ten grand- children and one great-grandchild. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 395 thing over three thousand dollars, and is not yet fully completed. It is a neat and commodious structure, and wellfurnished. The present pastor is William H. Brown, resident at St. Paul, Pickaway county. HAMILTON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This society was organized, at an early date, by Rev. Dr. Hoge, of Columbus. They aided the Methodists in the erection of the church building at Walnut Hill, and held their meetings therein until the erection of the brick church south of Mr. Shoaf’s. This church was built about 1841 or 1842. The organization has run down, and no meetings have been held for several years. The church is now used by the grange. The United Brethren had a church organization at -Lockbourne for many years until within the last few years. The class was formed at the former dwelling of Samuel Ranck, about the year 1842, by William K. Mc- Cabe, the first circuit preacher. There has been, prior to this time, local preaching in the neighborhood by Rey. Louis Kramer and others of the denomination, for several years. Preaching was held at Mr. Ranck’s on the Dres- bach place, in Madison township, this county, as early as 1837. The earliest members of the class were Samuel Ranck and wife, Daniel Dresbach and wife, Henry Ham- -mond and wife, and H. P. Jeffers and wife. Meetings were held regularly at Mr. Ranck’s every two weeks, until the building of the frame meeting house in Lockbourne, which was commenced in 1843, and completed and oc- cupied in 1844. Local preaching had been held before this in the school house in Lockbourne. ‘The society in its infancy met with opposition, and even persecution, from a class of individuals who had no regard for religi- ous teaching, and the school house was finally locked against them. ‘The church of the society was open to -all orthodox denominations, and the Methodists and the Lutherans also occupied it for a time. The church numbered at one time about fifty members, but it was substantially broken up a number of years ago, and no meetings have been held at the church for three years ; and a year ago it was sold to the village of Lockbourne for a town hall. Mr. Ranck was the leader of the class, and the lead- ing member of the church for many years. MILLS. The date of the construction of several mills in the township, that have long since gone down, we are unable to give. The first mill was probably the saw-mill of Michael Fisher, before mentioned. It was erected on the Scioto river, in the northwest part of the township, and was in operation until the canal was built, when it was torn down. Joseph Murray and Isaac Weatherington erected a saw- mill at an early date on Gahanna river, on the land now owned by W. T. Rees. John Herr and Francis Johnston had a saw-mill and grist-mill, and also a distillery, on the same stream, about a mile east of Shadeville. Oliver Hartwell erected a mill at the four-mile locks, soon after the completion of the canal. After running a number of years; it was burned down. A saw-mill was built at . Shadeville, by John and Cornelius McCarthy, in 1834. They run, it until 1837, when they sold out to James and John Dalzell, who subsequently took A. G. Hibbs in as partner. : THE COTTAGE MILLS, located at Shadeville, were erected by James and John Dalzell and A. G. Hibbs, in the year 1841. They oper- ated them some ten years, when the Dalzells sold their interest to Hibbs, who made some additions to the build- ing. The mill is now owned by C. & J. W. Seeds. PHYSICIANS. 7 The first physician who settled in the township was Dr. Jeremiah Clark. Graduating at Cleveland in 1825, he soon after came to Hamilton, where he practiced medi- cine up to 1846. He resided on the farm still occupied by his widow, and died in 1865. Dr. Holbrook is said to have been the earliest physician at Lockbourne. About 1833, he came there from New York; remained a few years, and then moved to Allen county, Ohio. Dr. A. N. Boales settled there soon after Dr. Holbrook, removing from Circleville, where he had been a former student of the well-known Dr. Luckey. He continued in practice in Lockbourne until his death. Dr. Carl lo- cated in Lockbourne about the year 1846, but remained only two or three years. Dr. Marshall, now of Blendon township, was a- physician of Lockbourne a number of years, and was afterwards a representative in the legisla- ture. Dr. H. L. Cheney, now of Groveport, practiced medicine in Lockbourne eleven months, leaving in 1848. Dr. Carney was there at thesame time. The latter after- wards went to New Mexico. Dr. R. G. McLane located at Lockbourne soon after Dr. Carney left, and practiced a number of years, when he sold out to Dr. I. N. Robin- son and removed to Michigan. He returned a year or two afterward, and, buying Robinson out, continued in practice for three or four years, when he discontinued it, to accept an appointment as supervisor at the distillery. He died at Lockbourne. The present physicians there are Dr. H. C. Blake and Dr. M. A. Boner. The former obtained his medical education at the Columbus medical college, Columbus, Ohio, where he graduated in March, 1876. In April, of the same year, he commenced prac- tice at Lockbourne, where he has since continued with success, Dr. Boner is a physician of the eclectic school, and began practice in Lockbourne in February, 1879. Dr. Davis was the first physician in Shadeville, where he settled about 1850 or 1851. He was astudent of Dr. Guard, of Harrison township, Pickaway county. After remaining about two years, he sold to William Williams the property now occupied by his widow, and removed to Indian Territory. Before Dr. Davis left, Dr. W. J. Scott came in, and located where Dr. Blake now lives. Dr. Scett remained a number of years, and was a successful practitioner. He removed to Cleveland, and is now ° professor of theory and practice in the medical depart- ment of Wooster university, in that city. Dr. O. P. Brinker derived his medical education at Ohio medical college, Cincinnati, where he graduated, in 1864. He began practice in South Bloomfield, Pickaway county, in ithe spring of that year, and the next fall came to Shade- 396 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ville, where he has since practiced, with the exception of one year, in Circleville. Dr. M. M. Stimmel resided in Shadeville for a year or two, engaged in the practice of his profession, a part of the time in partnership with Dr. Brinker. He removed from there to Kenton, Ohio. Dr. | | W. M.; William Wright, S. W.; H. C. Blake, J. W.; Joseph Brantner, treasurer; Lewis R. Young, secretary; Absalom Rohr, S D.; Charles S. Walford, J. D.; T. M, Clark and W. H. Blake, stewards; J. H. Haire, tyler. There are two ‘small villages in Hamilton, namely : W. H. Blake, of Shadeville, settled there in 1870, and Lockbourne, and Shadeville. The former, situated in has since built up a fine practice. He is a graduate of Starling medical college, Columbus, receiving his diploma in the spring of 1870. GRANGE SOCLETIES. Hamilton Grange, No. 436, was chartered in 1874, the applicants for the charter being Eli Shook, Christian Kortzholtz, T. M. Huddle, J. C. Platter, Job Rohr, J. J. Rohr, Rebecca Shook, G. L. Thompson, Elizabeth Thompson, R. M. Williams, A. C. Finks and others, The first officers were Eli Shook, M.; Christian Kortz- holtz, O.; T. M. Huddle, chaplain; A. P. Sawyer, L.; J.C. Platter, secretary. The grange was organized in the school-house at Lockbourne, where a few of the first meetings were held. It then met for a short time at the house of Eli Shook, after which the lower hall in the masonic building was rented, and since May, 1874, has -been used as a grange hall. The officers for 1879 are Eli Shook, M.; R. M. Williams, O.; W. H. Roberts, L.; Joseph Bradner, chaplain; Absalom Rohr, secretary. The present membership is about thirty. . HAMILTON CHURCH GRANGE, NO. 557, was organized February 16, 1874, with the following officers: H. C. Jones, master ; John Stimmel, overseer; Jacob Reab, secretary; John Helsel, lecturer ; Jacob H. Evans, chaplain; John R. Shoaf, steward; H. G, Clark, assistant steward; William Williams, treasurer; F. M. Stimmel, gate-keeper; Mrs. L. W. Simpson, ceres; Mrs. Mary Stimmel, flora; Mrs. Mary Reab, pomono; Mrs. Lizzie Stimmel, lady assistant steward. The present officers are as follows: John Stimmel, master; H. G. Clark, overseer; Mary Reab, secretary; Mrs. M. J. Stimmel, lecturer; Lemon Meeker, chaplain; G. W. Shoaf, steward; H. E. Jones, assistant steward; John Lisle, treasurer; John Strickler, gate-keeper; Emma Shoaf, ceres; Ida Lisle, flora; Mattie Boalse, pomono; Anna Clark, lady assistant stewart. MASONIC SOCIETY. The Lockbourne Lodge, No. 232, Ff. and A. M., was organized November 18, 1852, with the following officers: Dr. A. N. Boalse, W. M.; R. G. McLean, S. W.; Josiah Hulva, J. W.; Harvey Gould, S. D.; Jacob Louis, J. D.; P. Adams, secretary; A. G. Hibbs, treasurer; John M, Yates, tyler. Upon the death of W. M. Boalse in 1853, the G. M. appointed as officer the following named: R. G. Mc- Lean, W. M.; Josiah Hulva, S. W.; Jasper Berger, J. W. The society was granted a charter October 20, 1853. At the first election under the charter the following of- ficers were chosen: R. G. McLean, W. M.; O. B. Keene, S. W.; Joseph Loehr, J. W.; J. N. Kocher, secretary ; J. A. Sarber, treasurer; Joseph Brantner, S. D.; J. B. Walford, J. D., and O. Caldwell, tyler. At the present writing the following are the officers: M. D. Brantner, | | | | i 1 1 | i | the south part of the township, on Gahanna river, was laid out in the fall of 1831, by Colonel Kilbourne, as agent for Joel Buttles, Demas Adams, and others. The first syllable of the name of the village is derived from the circumstance of a number of locks in the canal at that point, to which the proprietor added the last syllable of his own name. The first store in the village was kept by George Reed, in a frame building which stood near the present site of William Manypenny’s residence. About three years be- fore the town was laid out, however, the Granville com- pany, who constructed the canal through Lockbourne, established a store there, principally for their own con- venience in the construction of the canal, and that of the men in their employ. They erected the building in which Reed afterwards opened, and continued in trade until the completion of the canal. Two brothers, by the name of Coats, had, at the same time, a store at the lower end of town. John H. Stage started a store after that of Reed, in a part of the old warehouse, on the canal. He after- ward built and occupied the building now occupied by Peter Palmer. Stage finally removed to Columbus, where he continued in trade. Other stores have been established at Lockbourne, too numerous to specify. A post-office was established at Lockbourne, in 1837, with Nathan G. Smith as postmaster. His successors have been: Zebulon Marcy, appointed in 1838; John H, Stage, in 1839 C. M. Porter, in 1849; Dr. A. N. Boalse, in 1851; Dr. J. R. Marshall, in 1853: John A Sarber, in 1854; John H. Haire, in 1856; Peter Palmer, the pres- ent incumbent, in April, 1875. The distillery of William Manypenny was established by Daniel Kellogg, in 1839. The original building was a frame, and stood a short distance below the present one. ‘The brick building was destroyed by fire in 1853, and was rebuilt by A. H. Elliott. Lockbourne now contains ahout three hundred inhabit- ants, two stores, two churches, a post-office, a school- house, two or three mechanic shops, one distillery, two ; saloons, and two physicians. Shadeville, situated on the Chillicothe pike, two miles north of the south line of the township, was laid out, by A. G. Hibbs, in the spring of 1853, and named for his wife, whose maiden name was Shade. Joshua Betts sold the first goods in Shadeville, about the year 1838. He kept his store in a part of Hibbs’ saw-mill, just below the present grist-mill. A few months afterward, he erected a building just south of the grist-mill, in which he kept store for some four years, when, deciding to discontinue business, he removed the goods to his dwelling, and closed them out. The next store was started by Huff- man & Dresbach, in the building which they also erected, now occupied by D. 8S. Evans. ‘They continued several years, and then sold to James Cory, who, two years after- W. H. BLAKE, M. D. WILLIAM H. BLAKE, M. D. Samuel L. Blake, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, emigrated to Ohio from Middletown, Con- necticut, in the year 1816, and settled in Alexander township, Athens county. He was born in 1777, and died in 1859. His son, Samuel B., born in Alexander township in 1817, and married in 1845, Polly Camp, who was born in the same township January 15, 1825. Polly Camp was a daughter of John Camp, and Lois French who were early settlers in the township before mentioned, removing also from Connecticut. The parents of the subject of this biography are still living in their native township, and have a family of six children, as follows: William H., born February 23, 1846; Henry C., born October 23, 1847, a practicing physician in Lockbourne, Franklin county, Ohio, and married January 1, 1879, Miss Fannie P. Vause; Hattie, who married Clark A. Potter, of Athens, and now living in Texas, born October 6, 1850; Mary E., who married in 1877, Charles F. ‘Tedrow, was born August 20, 1855, and now living in Athens county; John C., born Septem- ber 30, 1862, and Charles F., born December 13, 1865, living at home. Dr. Blake read medicine with Drs. Earhart and Mc- Clure, of Albany, Athens county, Ohio, and was gradu- ated at Starling Medical college, Columbus, Ohio; in the spring of 1870. Between his two terms at college, he practiced in Doddridge county, Virginia, and after re- ceiving his diploma, he established himself at the little village of Shadeville, Franklin county, Ohio, which he found a favorable location for a physician, possessing the requisite energy and qualifications for success. Dr. Blake soon built up a fine business, and now has a large and lucrative practice, his field comprising this township and adjacent territory within the county and h: northern part of Pickaway county. Having a larger practice than he could attend to, he induced his brother, Dr. H. C. Blake, to locate in Lockbourne in the spring of 1876, to whom he resigned his practice in that vicinity. Dr. Blake was married November 28, 1873, to Ellen, daughter of David and Charlotte (Dulen) Williams, of Lockbourne, born October 28, 1855. Two children are the result of this union—Ola, born August 31, 1874, and Samuel D., born September 16, 1877. Dr. Blake has two honorable discharges from the late war, having served six months as a member of the Fourth Independent battalion, Ohio volunteer cavalry, and afterwards in the One Hundred and Eighty-first regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry, from the date of its organiza- tion until the close of the war. Dr. Blake, ever since he entered his profession, has given to the practice and study of medicine his whole attention and energy, refusing to accept positions of official trust, but seeking to attain the highest rank as a skilful physician and surgeon, following in the footsteps of his illustrious great grandfather (Jesse Camp) who settled in Athens county, Ohio, in 1814, from New Haven county, Connecticut, and was a noted surgeon in his day. REV. ELIAS GOODRICH who was born in Berlin, Connecticut, in 1767, was mar- ried to Hannah Baily, and to them were born three chil- dren: Horace, Sarah and Hannah. Horace Goodrich was born at Berlin, Connecticut, June 13, 1791, and was married to Martha Winchell, daughter of Salmon Winchell, March 10, 1814. He resided in Berlin until 1838, when he moved to: Tuscarawas county, Ohio. To them were born two children: Emerson and Lucy H. Emerson married Mary, daughter of Aaron and Susan Schenk, at New Comerstown, Ohio, February 28, 1841, by whom he has had four children: Lucy, Jane, Corella and Aaron ; (Lucy and Aaron died in infancy). Emer- son’s wife died May 22, 1849, and he married for his second wife, Mary Winchell, daughter of Hezekiah and Nancy Winchell, of New Haven, Connecticut, July 10, 1851. They have one daughter, Ida May. E. Goodrich received an academical education, and in 1835 engaged in the mercantile business at the south. He was obliged to leave in the fall of 1837, on account of ill health, when he moved to Tuscarawas county, Ohio, and engaged in manufacturing. In 1852 he was elected clerk of the common pleas and district court of said county, in which position he served three years. In 1855 he became one-third owner of the New Phila- delphia machine works, to which business he devoted his whole time until the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861, when he accepted a commission as captain in the Eightieth Ohio volunteer infantry, and served until 1863, since which time he has held a position in the war de- partment at Washington. Lucy H. Goodrich was born at Berlin, Connecticut, September 12, 1823, and was married to George R. Little, esq, October 23, 1842, at New Comerstown, Ohio, since which time Mr. Little has been extensively engaged in manufacturing and mercantile pursuits. Jane, daughter of Emerson Goodrich, was married to Major Charles E. Mitchener, editor and publisher of the Guernsey Jeffersonian, Cambridge, Ohio. They are the parents of three children: Mary, Martha and Jennie. Corella Goodrich was born October 27, 1846, and was married to J. P. Arnold September 3, 1869. They have two children. : FRED STOMBAUGH. ALLEN ORDERS. MRS.ALLEN ORDERS. PHOTOS. @Y ELLIOTT & ARMSTEAD, COLUMBUS HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. business about two years, when they were succeeded by D.S. & C. W. Evans. The latter withdrew from the firm in 1876, and since then the business has been carried on by D. S. Evans. The Shadeville house was erected by A. G. Hibbs, in 1850 or 1851, and was first kept by Jon- athan Hibbs. It has since been kept, successively, by A. G. Hibbs, Joshua Hertzell, and Jacob Reab, the /pres- ent proprietor, who purchased the property in 1868. A post-office was established at Shadeville,in 1853. A. G. Hibbs was the first postmaster, and served until 1858, when Joshua Hertzell was appointed. He kept the office some ten years, until his death, when his widow was ap- pointed, and served one year. She was succeeded, in 1869, by Jacob Reab, the present incumbent. Shadeville now contains some twenty-five or thirty fam- ilies, a post-office, a store, a hotel and saloon, a grist-mill, a shop or two, a church, a school-house, and two physic- ians. These villages are not thriving. | ward, sold to Simpson & Stimmel. They continued in | | BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THE LISLE FAMILY, of which John Lisle, of Hamilton township, is the oldest living repre- sentative, was among the first that settled in Franklin county. The grandfather, John Lisle, was a native of Ireland, but when a young man, emigrated to the United States with an older brother. He mar- ried, in Pennsylvania, Rachel Irwin, and remained in that State a few years, when he removed to Kentucky. He purchased there a military claim, but subsequently lost it, the title proving invalid. In 1798 he emigrated, with his family, consisting of his wife and eight children, to Ohio, and settled in Franklinton. He remained there about a year, during which he cultivated a piece of land belonging to Lucas Sullivant, when he removed three miles farther north, and settled in Clinton township, taking up two hundred ccres, and making his location on the place now owned by J. O. Lisle. He died there in 1810. His wife survived him a number of years, and died at Lancaster. The children of John and Rachel Lisle were: Robert, Mar- garet, Elizabeth, James, Rebecca, Jane, John, and Rachel, all now de- ceased. Margaret was the wife of James McElvain, one of the early pioneers of Franklin county, but finally removing with his family to Indiana; Elizabeth was the wife of Luther Powers, and also removed to Indiana; James married Mary Golliford, and was a resident of Hamil- ton township until his death; Rebecca married Joseph Young, and re- sided in Fairfield county; Jane became the wife of Samuel Maynard, lived in Clinton a number of years, and then removed to Sandusky; .John married Thankful Maynard, and soon afterward removed to In- diana; Rachel married William Sackett, first settled in Fairticld county, but eventually moved to Putnam county. Robert, the oldest of the family, and the father of John Lisle, whose portrait appears on another page, was Lorn September 18, 1785; mar- ried in Fairfield county, in 1810, Abigail McIntyre, and settled in Clin- ton township, where he lived four years; then moved into Hamilton, and located on the farm now occupied by his son, Harvey. He died March 31, 1862, and his wife April 17th, of the sime year. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom John was the oldest. He was born in Clinton township, Franklin county, Ohio, December rg, 1810. He remained at home, at work upon the farm of his father, until 397 twenty-three years of age, when he was married, on the anniversary of his birth—December 19, 1833—to Eliza Breckenridge, daughter of Robert and Lucy Breckenridge, who was born in Franklinton, July 23, 1810. Her father was a native of Pennsylvania, and her mother (Lucy Foley) of Virginia. They both came to Franklin county, Ohio, with their respective parents, when children, and were married in 1808 or 1809. They resided for many years in Hamilton township, but finally moved into Franklin township, locating on the river, where Mr. Breck- enridge died a few years afterwards. Mrs. Breckenridge survived her husband several years, and died in Columbus. Mrs. Lisle is the oldest of eleven children, of whom, besides herself, one son and four daugh- ters are living. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Lisle remained on his father's farm, in Clinton, some seven or eight years, when they removed to Hamilton, and settled on the farm on which they now live. They are the parents of four childvcn, as follows: Robert B., born January 30, 1835, died June 18, 1860; Samuel Harvey, born November 15, 1836, married Eliza Jane Johnston (who is now deccased), and died July 9, 1868; George W., born October 21, 1838, married Demeris Helsel, and now resides in Madison township; and Louisa Jane, born - October 29, 1842. Mr. Lisle has always been engaged in farming; has given strict atten- tion to his chosen occupation; and has lived a quiet, unostentatious, but useful life. He has held various official trusts in his township, and for three years was director of the county infirmary. He has one sister and one brother now living, namely: Rachel, now Mrs. Jacob Low, re- siding in Union county, Olio; and Harvey, on the homestead in Hamilton. He married Priscilla Moore. THE STOMBAUGH FAMILY. John and Hlizabeth (Baker) Stombaugh were natives of York county, Pennsylvania, where they resided until the year 1808, when they re- moved, with their family, to Ohio. Mr. Stombaugh, the year previous, had visited Ohio—then the ‘‘far West "—and had entered the west balf of section number three, of township number four, in range twenty-two (Hamilton), and on this piece of land the family commenced pioneer life in the western wilderness. The patent for this land is still in pos- session of the family, and shows the ‘purchase price to have been two dollars and fifty cents per acre. Mrs. Stombaugh died in the early years of their settlement, and Mr. Stombaugh subsequently married again, his second wife being Susan Lindsey, of Hamilton. He was the father of six children, all by his first wife. Mary, the eldest, was the wife of Jobn Shannon, and resided in Hamilton several years, when she removed to Peoria, Illinois, where she afterwards died; Margaret is the wife of David Mooberry, and is now living in Peoria, Illinois; Ann and Catharine (now deceased) both lived in Peoria, Ann being unmarried, and Catharine being the wife of David Martin; John Stombaugh married Nancy Adams, daughter of Percival Adams, one of the pioneers of Hamilton, and died in Wood- ford county, Hhnois. Frederick Stombaugh, whose portrait appears in connection with this sketch, was the youngest of the family. He was born on the home- stead, in Hamilton, on the first day of June, 1811. On January 11, 1838, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of John and Catharine Baylor (born July 28, 1817), who came to this county from York county, Pennsylvania, in 1825, and settled on the Lancaster road, not f.r from where the toll gate nowis. ‘The father died at the age of forty, and the mother some three years since, at the age of eighty-three. Mr. Stombaugh resided on the farm on which he was born, until the day of his death—September 22, 1861. He was a man of much energy and activity; industrious, prudent, and successful, leaving to his family, as a result of his labor and foresight, a fine property. The children of Frederick and Elizabeth Stombaugh (who is still living on the home- stead) are as follows: Eveline, born December 29, 1839, is unmarried; Mary C., born October 14, 1840, was married, April 12, 1866, to Jacob Wright, of Logan county, Ohio, who died August 31, 1868, and Mrs. Wright now lives on the farm with her mother; Elizabeth, born January 15, 1843, married, April 4, 1865, S. K. Jones, and lives on a portion of the homestead; John, born January 28, 1847, married, October 19, 1870, Louisa Jane Klickenger, and also occupies a portion of the home farm; Caroline, born May r1, 1850, married, October 20, 1870, Cyracus Wol- fel, and resides in Columbus; Sarah, born February 25, 1853, is un- married; and Martha, born May rr, 1857, married ‘T. J. Moore, De- cember 12, 1873, and is now living in Marion township. JEP PERSON. Jefferson township was originally known as township | number one, in range sixtven, of the United States mili- | tary lands. It is just five miles square, and is bounded | upon the north by Plain township, east by Licking county, south by Truro, and west by Mifflin. Its surface is, for the most part, level, being broken only by the streams Black lick and Rocky fork, which flow through it. The soil is, in some places, clay, and in others sandy, and very rich on the bottoms. The only physical features that are particularly noticable are the outcroppings of sandstone, and the occurrence of a fine sulphur spring, which is an object of much interest to the people of the vicinity and to strangers. It is upon the lands of A. Souder, upon Rocky fork. The water is said, by competent judges, to be as valuable, medicinally, as that of the famous Dela- ware springs. PIONEERS AND PROMINENT SETTLERS. Jefferson was largely settled by pioneers from New Jersey, a portion of the lands being bought in a body by a citizen of that State. The first settlers came into the township as early as 1802, or the following year, and lo- cated along Black lick. Among the first were: Daniel Dagoe, Moses Ogden, Peter Francisco, William Headley, Michael and Abraham Stagg, Jacob Tharp, Jacob and | John H. Smith, Jonathan Whitehead, and Isaac Bald- | win. Later than’ these pioneers, but still at an early date, | arrived Joseph Edgar, Michael Neiswender, Shuah Maun, John Kelso, Richard Rhodes, Isaac Painter, John Inks, | Joseph Compton, John Davenport, William Havens, William Armstrong, and others. The township contained, by the time of the war of | 1812, about twenty settlers, some of whom, however, re- | mained but a short time. Comparatively few of the early | pioneers are represented by descendants at present in the | | { | | | township, and those who do remain, as the descendants of the first settlers, are able to give but little definite infor- mation in regard to them. Of those who came prior to 1812, Jacob Tharp was one of the most active, useful, and prominent. He and his wift, Nancy Havens, settled where D. Headley now lives, in section one. He built the first mill on Black lick, and operated it for several years, in addition to performing the various labors of a | pioneer life. Mr. ‘harp was from New Jersey, and ulti- ~ mately returned to that State, havirig become a preacher, | of the Baptist denomination. Peter l'rancisco settled, also, in the first section, on the | Black Lick road, and remained in’ the township until his | death, | | | Abraham Stagg and his nephew, Michacl, came in from New Jersey, and settled where George and David, the (398) sons of the former, now reside, in section two, near the Black lick road. Henry Huffman and his wife, Susan Dague, settled near the north line of the township in 1807 or 1808. They came from Washington county, Pennsylvania. John and Esther Edgar, originally from Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, came into the township prior to 1812, and settled upon ninety acres of land, where J. C. Lennox now lives, near the southern line of the township, and near the west line of section four. They removed to the township, directly, from Fairfield county, where they were pioneers as early as 1798. Their descendants were: Joseph, James, William, John, Silas, Jeannette, Margaret, and Esther. Of this large family, all are dead, except the eldest, Joseph, and he is still a resident of the township. He married Abigail, daughter of Moses Ogden, by whom he had a large family of children, viz.: Louis and Calvin, deceased; Margaret Lunn, George, William, Joseph (deceased), Albert (deceased), Harvey, Frank (deceased), and Martha. Margaret, George, William, and Harvey, are residents of Jefferson. Joseph Edgar has been bed-ridden for several years, but retains his fac- ulties in a remarkable degree. He has been a resident of the township.all his life, and has seen it developed from an almost uninhabited wilderness to its present state. An evidence of the high estimation in which he has been held, is afforded by the fact that he has been, for more than thirty-five consecutive years, elected township trustee. Isaac Baldwin, of New Jersey, came in prior to (or in) the year 1812, and settled just cast of Havens’ corners. Richard Rhoads came about the same time. Richard and Philip, his sons, now live in Reynoldsburg, and Lam- bert in ‘Truro township. William Armstrong, who was one of the first settlers in Franklinton, and originally of New York State, came into Jefferson with his wife, Elvira Dean, in 1812, and re- mained there until his death. His wife is still living. They had a family of six children: 5S. R., who married Alice Kidd, and resides upon the old homestead; J. S. in Prairie-du-Chien, Wisconsin; S. L., who lives in Kan- sas; Sarah, who resides in Perry township; Isabella, who now lives in Licking county, Ohio; and Mary, deceased. William Headley came to Jefferson, soon after 1812, and settled at the locality now known as Headley’s cor- ners. He married Mary Havens, and lived in the town- ship until his death, in a late year. William and David, his sons, are residents in the township. John Davenport, as was also Mr. Headley, was a New Jersey emigrant. In 1813, he settled upon the place adjoining William Havens. A son, Louis, now lives in HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. the township, and is the only representative of the family remaining. Christian Strait came from New Jersey about the same time as Davenport. John H., and his son, Jacob Smith, came from New Jersey, in 1813, and settled on the Black Lick road, in section one. Jacob Smith still lives in the township, but his father, who married Susan Havens, died many years ago, John Kelso came in 1814, and from that time until his death, was a resident of Jefferson. He rented vari- ous pieces of property, but never purchased. In the same year came Isaac Painter, John Inks, and Joseph Compton, all of them from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. Isaac Painter located at the crossing of the Black Lick road and Broadway pike, where J. Milburn now lives. A son, Lewis Painter, is in the township, and is one of its large farmers, and representative men. Also, in 1814, came Jonathan Whitehead, who located on what is now the B. Sanger farm, in section two. He was a tanner by trade, and the first who practiced that industry in the township. Daniel Dague came in about this time, and settled near the north line of the township, in section two. He was from Berkshire or Lancaster county,. Pennsylvania. William and Elizabeth Havens, of New Jersey, arrived in the fall of 1815, and located on section one, where their son, William, now resides, and-where they owned one hundred and fifty acres of land. Mr. Havens had but little experience of pioneer life, dying in 1820, five years after his settlement. His wife survived him many years, They were the parents of eight children, viz.: Mary Headley, and Susan Smith, both now deceased; Thomas, who located in Illinois; John, Martha Fancher, and Henry, deceased; Sarah Fancher, in Illinois ; and William, who married for his first wife Rhoda Ann Alberry, and resides upon the old place. His present wife is Sarah J.; was originally a Doren. Moses Ogden, of New Jersey, settled where William Havens, jr., resides, and was one of the best men the township numbered among its early residents. He built the first frame house in the township, and it is still stand- ing. Among the settlers who followed closely those already mentioned, were Michael Neiswender, Andrew Allison, George Beals, A. Favel, and others. Michael and Barbara Neiswender came in 1818, from Berks county, Pennsylvania. Their sons, Samuel, and Godfrey, still live in the township. Still later, came Jesse and Margaret Lunn, who settled in Truro township, in 1832, but soon after removed to Jefferson, where they both died, in 1856. ‘They were from Berks county, Pennsylvania. The place of their habitation in the township, was the farm just south of *| Black Lick station, where their son, Josiah C., now lives. The other children of this couple are located as follows: John, William, and Elizabeth, in Truro township; Joseph, Sarah Wolf, and Rachel Coonze, in Iowa; and Mary Krumm, in Mifflin. ; Stephen and Sarah Stoel (or Stowel) came from Essex 399 county, New York, in 1834, having purchased a piece of land from Peter Mills, the owner of a large tract, and settled on what is now the Noah Geiger farm. Stephen Stoel died in 1870, and his wife is still living in the town- ship, as are also their children—Burnham, Sally Sand- ford, and Mary Compton. Shuah Mann came in 1835, from New Jersey, and re- mained all his*life in the township. His son, by the same name, is now a resident. About the same time, came John and Lucinda Rochelle, also from New Jersey. Mr. Rochelle died in 1876, and Mrs. Rochelle is still living. There are six children living of this family, viz: Scott, in Jefferson township; William, in Cincinnati; Martin, in Kansas ; Susan Chrysler and Phebe Alberry, in Gahanna ; and Mary Ann Hickman, in Reynoldsburgh. Brace Woodruff came to Ohio in 1822, from Vermont, located in Fairfield county, and in 1838, removed to Jefferson township, and took up the farm upon which he ~ at present resides in section four, and which has been almost entirely cleared by himself. He is the father of nine children, four of whom are living in the township, viz: Hiram, Norman, Lina Whitehead and Emily Don- ovan. Edward Ricketts, the son of Jeremiah and Elizabeth Ricketts, pioneers of the year 1800, from Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, to Fairfield county, Ohio, came into Jefferson in 1852, and purchased the property, where he now lives. He married his first wife, Catharine Phillips, in Fairfield county, and his present, Salina Bell, in this township. John Morrison and family may, perhaps, be called the representative Irish family of the township. They came to this country in 1849, from the north of Ireland, and settled in Knox county, where they remained until they sought their present location, in 1853. The children are: Andrew, Samuel, Isabella (Bean), William, Ann, and Jane. The two oldest sons, as well as the father, have each good farms in the township, the results of their own industry, and are among the substantial men of the township. Abram Sagar, a resident of section one, came into the township in 1850, and is a representative man among the German citizens. He is the son of John and Chris- tina Sagar, who settled in Plain township in 1830, and later, moved into Blendon. ORGANIZATION, Jefferson, which had originally been a portion of the township of Liberty, and afterwards attached, for civil purposes, to Plain, in common with Blendon and Mif- flin, was established and organized under its present boundaries, on the sixth of September, 1816. Unfortun- ately, the early records have not been preserved, and hence we are unable to give the list of first officers. Ja- cob Smith and William Dean were elected justices of the peace in 1817, and Henderson Crabb the same year, John Inks in 1818, Jacob Smith in 1820, Isaac Painter in 1821, Smith re-elected in 1823, and Andrew Allison in 1824. The present township officers are: S. H. Kidd, E. Ricketts, George Shanks, trustees; I’. B. Stowell, 400 clerk; Louis Painter, treasurer; F, B. Stowell, John Sa- ger, justices of the peace; D. F. Linck, George Stagg, constables; S. H. Kidd, Z. McGuire, R. D. Jones, Peter Geiger, O. A. Mann, F. B. Stowell, John Ryan, J. B. Roberts, G. W. Stagg, E. Compton, J. H. Souder, board of education. EARLY SCHOOLS. Joseph Edgar taught school in Truro township, before moving into Jefferson, and immediately after taught a few pupils in this township, probably as early as 1816. He taught at home, and his pupils were from the families of the Staggs, Ducks, and Rhoads. Peter Wills taught school a little later, in a small log school-house, which stood on what is now the H. G. Black farm, just south of Black Lick station. Worthy Mitchem was the most noted, and the most valuable, teacher in the township. She did much good in the township, and served the peo- ple in the capacity of instructor for their children for over a quarter of a century, beginning as early as 1824. The school was upon the land of Frederick Neiswender. A term of three months was taught, for two dollars per pupil, and the instruction being thorough, parents sent their children from a considerable distance to attend. Many came from Mifflin and Plain townships, as well as from the small settlements in Jefferson. ‘There are still a few old men residing in these townships we have named who recall, with pleasure and satisfaction, the days they spent in the small, quaintly furnished, log school-house, where Worthy Mitchem held the spelling- book and birch. The benches where huge slabs, sup- ported on pins driven into them at each end, and the desks were inclined shelves, which rested on stout arms fastended in the chinks of the log walls. PHYSICIANS, Dr. Ezekiel Whitehead, of New Jersey, was the first phy- sician in the township, and practiced there for many years, being as successful as could be expected in so small a population, and with the competition of other physicians in the adjoining townships. He removed to Jersey vil- lage, over the line, in Licking county, where he now re- sides, and was followed in Jefferson by Doctors J. Schaf- fer and David Kemble, who cach remained several years. There is now no physician resident in the township. MILLS, As early as 1809 or 1810, Jacob Tharp erected a grist- mill on Black lick, near William Headley’s residence. There was a saw-mill in connection with the grist-mill, and both were used for a number of years. It was sold by Tharp to the Headley family. ‘The next mill was built by James Alexander and Andrew Allison, on Rocky fork. Mr. Somerville succeeded them as the owner, and he sold the mill to Peter Early. ‘This mill is now run by Kitzmiller & Benedict. Not long after the saw-mill just spoken of, and generally known as the Early mill, was built, Isaac Baldwin put one in operation on Black lick, near the center of the township; and still later, John Havens built one on black lick, just east of the locality now known as Havens’ corners. This was burned. ‘The only permanent mill in the township, at present, besides HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Kitzmiller & Benedict’s is one on the road west of Ha- vens’ corners, owned by Isaac Souder, and built by him in 1874. STONE QUARRY. There is a fine stone quarry on the property of Mr. S. R. Armstrong, just east of Black Lick station. After the building of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, Mr. Arm- strong, who had previously taken some stone from this quarry, began to do an extensive business. His sales ran as high as three thousand dollars per year. The material is a good article of sandstone, and has been largely used in Columbus and other places. The Blind Asylum shows, perhaps, as much of it as any one building, but it has also been used for the foundations of the Union depot; the Pan Handle round house,.and several other large buildings were built of this stone. It is also extensively used for window cappings and sills, and there is scarcely a street in Columbus where it is not to be seen in some form. THE TAYLOR STATION METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Preaching by the Methodists was commenced at Taylor’s station, soon after the village was laid out. In 1853 a class was organized, consisting of the following members: Michael A. Ebright and wife, Elijah Fishpan and wife, Mordacai Fishpan and wife, John Leckrone and wife, William Hughes and wife, David Ortman and wife, Alonzo Shernian and wife, J. P. Gordon and wife, and Alexander Cook and wife. The class was organized by the Rev. Richard Pitser and Jacob Young. Michael A. Ebright was the first class leader. In 1858 a lot was bought by John Leckrone, of David Taylor, and by the latter deeded to the following trustees for the church: William Hughes, Charles Buckingham, Alonzo Sherman, David Ortman, John Leckrone, Michael A. Ebright, Elijah Fishpan. Upon this lot a frame building was erected, at a cost of six hundred dollars. The present pastor of the Taylor's Station Methodist Episcopal church is the Rev. J. R. Kemper; class leaders, James More, Fultz; stewards, S. J. Mason, A. Morrison. THE CHRISTIAN UNION CHURCH was built at Havens’ corners, in 1871, at a cost of about nine hundred dollars, though the society was organized prior to that time. It consisted, in 1868, of the follow- ing members: Shuah, Lucy, Austin .\., George M., Kel- ton S., Manning F., Nancy, Amba, Permelia, Kesiah, and Cordon Mann; Abram, Catharine, Ephraim, Henry, John, and Sophroma Sager; John, Christina, Rebecca, David P., and Frank M. Lytle; David C., and Amanda Runnell; E. W., Elizabeth, and Mary Ayres; Joseph, Mary, and Mary, jr., Sherman; Rebecca Smith, Mar- garet E., and Mary Havens; Nancy, Allen, C. H., Peter, and George W. Cline; Henry Busey, Rufus Putnam, ‘Theodore Heischmann, Elizabeth Kitzmiller, J. S. Hook, Martha E. Hook, Elizabeth Cisco, Sarah A. Decker, Jasper Cheney, and Daniel DeWitt. The first -pastor and organizer of the church was the Rev. R. M. Dem- ham. ‘The present pastor is the Rev. George Stevenson, and the elders of the church are Abram Sager, Shuah Mann, and Martin Welch. ‘The church has between HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. forty-five and fifty members, and is in a prosperous con- dition. VILLAGES. The village of Smithville, now called Black Lick sta- tion, is a small cluster of houses upon the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, near the southern boundary line of the township. It was laid out in the year 1852, by William A. Smith. Grahamsville, or, as it is now universally called, Tay- lorstown, or Taylor’s station, is upon the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, about two miles west of Black Lick, and south of the center of section three. The section was held by the heirs of L. Brien until 1850, when it was conveyed by them to David Taylor, esq., at ten dollars per acre. He laid out the village which now bears his name, in 1853; built there a warehouse and saw-mill, and 1 | | 401 caused to be erected several houses. The place had a small growth during the first few years after its establish- ment, but has not increased in the same proportion dur- ing later years, and is only a very small hamlet. POST-OFFICES. The first post office established in the township was Ovid, at Headley’s corners, in 1832. Dr. Ezekiel White- head was the first postmaster. William Headley suc- ceeded him after a few years, and held the position for a long period. The office was discontinued in 1875. Black Lick post-office was established at the station in 1852, and Thomas McCollum was the first postmaster commissioned. He was succeeded by C. S. Morris, and he by Ezekiel Compton, who is the present incumbent. An office was established in June, 1879, at Havens’ cor- ners, with R. J. Rhoads as postmaster. CLINTON. Clinton—township number one, range number eigh- teen, United States military lands—consists of just one of — the original surveyed townships, of five miles square. It was subdivided into four quarters, or sections, the orig- inal owners of which were the following named gentle- men: Jonathan Dayton, the first and third sections; John Rathbone, the second section; and George Stephenson, the fourth section. The date of their entries, was March 12, 1800. Z The township is level, east of the river almost perfectly so. Its principal stream is the Olentangy river—form- erly called Whetstone creek—which flows south through the western portion of the township, uniting its waters with those of the Scioto river, at Columbus. INDIANS, of the Wyandot, and other tribes, remained in the town- ship, and region, for a number of years after the white settlers took possession of the soil. Intercourse between them and the whites was of a friendly nature, and only during the year of 1812, after the surrender of General Hull, by which the whole northwest was exposed to the ravages of the enemy, were there any anticipations of dif- ficulty by the inhabitants. One evening, shortly after that unfortunate event, the settlers on the river were greatly alarmed by a report that the Indians were over-running the northern part of the State, and massacreing the in- habitants, and settlers in Clinton fled in terror to Frank- linton, and a few went to Zanesville, for protection. Andrew Wilson says the report reached his father’s house after nightfall, and that he, though but six years of age, distinctly remembers the excitement that ensued. After a night of dismal forebodings, in Franklinton, the refu- ' gees returned to their homes, and soon afterwards learned of the falsity of the alarm. On the west bank of the Olentangy, on the farm of James H. Hess, was a burying-ground of a former race —probably Indians—which was opened in the summer of 1879, and from twelve to fifteen skeletons exhumed. They were in two parallel trenches, which were about twelve feet apart, and some three and a half feet deep. A large number of arrows, tomahawks and other rude implements: of war, had previously been found, indicat- ing that a battle had once been fought there. WILD GAME. The country, in its native state, and for many years after its first settlement, abounded in game of all kinds— deer, wild turkeys, and some smaller game being partic- ularly numerous. There were not a great many bears in the township, or vicinity, but they would frequently pass through it, and a number have been killed within its bounds. Deer were more plenty than cattle are now, and venison was a common article of food. It was not an unusual circumstance for a settler to bring down a fine buck with his rifle, from his cabin door. One of the most successful hunters among the pioneers was David Beers, jr., who had a cabin on what is now ’Squire Peggs’ farm, which he made his headquarters while he pursued his favorite sport. He began to hunt when a boy of fourteen, and did nothing else for seven years. He used to say that he had hunted in every county in the State, ~ 402 and that the first eighty acres of land that he bought he paid for with the products of his gun. In one day, in this township, he killed one bear and five deer. The last deer killed in this township were, probably, those shot by W. S. Shrum and John Fleniken, about the year 1840.- They shot them (four in number) on the Morse farm, in the east part of the township. Wolves were plenty, and were, perhaps, more dreaded than any other of the beasts of the forest. They would come up to the cabin doors of the settlers, often protected only by a blanket, or quilt, and rendered night anything but pleasant with their piercing howls. Sheep were not safe from them, unless shut up in pens, and the pioneers suffered considerable loss from their ravages. Wild turkeys were caught by tmeans of a rail pen, which was built over the end of a ditch dug in the ground, and covered over. The birds were decoyed into the inclosure with corn, scattered in the ditch. When once within the pen, they were safely imprisoned, for they would never go down into the ditch to get out, invariably seeking a means of egress above. And squirrels were exceedingly plentiful. They were so numerous, and destructive to the crops of the settlers, as to be regarded only as pests, and various means were resorted to to rid the country of them. Large hunting parties were organized, and thousands were destroyed in that way. Mr. Shrum states that in a few moments one morning, before breakfast, he, and a brother, killed thirty-two of them, without the use of a gun. SETTLEMENT. The first settlement of the territory now constituting the township of Clinton, was commenced as early as 1800, along the Olentangy, on the west side. Among the first families that arrived, were those of Balser Hess, John Lisle, and a family by the name of Henderson. Balser Hess came from Bedford county, Pennsylvania, with a family, consisting of his wife and ‘eight children. He stopped in Ross county (as now constituted) a couple of years, and then came to this township, and located where his grandson, James H. Hess, now lives, subse- quently taking up three hundred and twenty acres of land there. It is thought that this family made the first im- provement in the township, for they cut their way into the woods of Clinton, the son, Danicl, going ahead of the team, and with his axe preparing the way for the slowly moving train. The first house crected by the pio- neer, Hess, was a double log structure, which, although not a tavern, was a common stopping place with travel- ers. Mr. Hess’ occupation in Pennsylvania, was that of a shoemaker and tanner of leather, and he followed the same trade after his settlement here, tanning the first leather and making the first shoes in the township. People came from Chillicothe to get their boots and shoes made by Mr. Hess, and his pay very seldom con- sisted of legal tender. One of the first pioneers in the township, Mr. Hess was also one of the first of their . number who died, his death occurring in December, 1806. He was the first adult person buried in Union cemetery. His wife’s experience of pioneer life was in strange contrast to his, surviving him nearly half a cen- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. tury. She died in 1855, at an advanced age, having raised nine children, all now dead but one. The young- est, at the time of his death, was fifty-seven years of age. The names of the children, were: Daniel, Mary, Eve, Polly, Balser, Catharine, Betsey, Susan, Sarah, and Moses; Susan—now Mrs. Israel Carpenter, and living in Illinois—is the only survivor. Daniel and Moses lived and died in this township, the former a short distance west of his father, and the latter on the homestead. Daniel Hess was one of the first justices of the peace in the township, being elected soon after its organization, in 1812. John Lisle, a native of Ireland, emigrated to Ohio, from Kentucky, in 1798, and first located in Franklinton, his family being among the first inhabitants of that old town. In 1799, or 1800, he moved into Clinton, and settled where J. O. Lisle now lives, and subsequently died there, his wife, Rachel, surviving him. Their chil- dren, all of whom are now deceased, were: Robert, Mar- garet, Elizabeth, James, Rebecca, Jane, John, and Rachel. Robert married Abigail McIntyre, of Fairfield county, and resided in Clinton until 1817, when he removed to Hamilton township, and settled where his son, Harvey, now.resides; Margaret became the wife of James McEl- vain, an early resident of this county, but later of Indiana. Elizabeth married Luther Powers, and moved to the same State; James, who lived in Hamilton township, married Mary Golliford; Rebecca was the wife of Joseph Young, of Fairfield county, and Jane, of Samuel Maynard, who lived in Clinton, for several years, when he moved to Sandusky county; John married Thankful Maynard, and removed, soon afterwards, to Indiana; Rachel was the wife of William Sackett, and first settled in Fairfield, and afterward in Putnam county. The Henderson family located on land now owned by Thomas Hess. There were three sons in the family — Alexander, Samuel, and Adam—all now supposed to be dead. ‘Hugh and Elijah Fulton, brothers, were among the first settlers of the township. Hugh lived where the family of Henry Slyh now does, west of the river. He had four sons, who finally sold to Jacob Slyh, and moved to Michigan. Elijah Fulton settled just north of the Hesses, and died there at an early date. Samuel McElvain and family located, soon after 1800, on the farm just north of where W. S. Shrum now lives. They subsequently moved to Columbus. John Hunter, the first settler on the cast side of the river, in this township, occupied the south part of the land now constituting the college grounds. Above him, in successive order, were two families by the name of Vance, and Herdoff, Droddy, Smart, Simmons, and others hereafter mentioned. A CENTENARIAN, David Beers, sr., one of the oldest, and most active, pioneers of Clinton, was a resident of the township from 1804 until 1850, when he died at the great age, it is said (his exact age not being known), of one hundred and four years. He was a native of New Jersey, and when seven HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 403 years of age, with a little two-year-old sister, was stolen by the Indians. The two children, and their widowed ‘mother, were going on a journey on horse-back when all three were captured by the savages. The children were separated from the mother (whom they never saw again, and who was undoubtedly killed), and taken over into Canada. David was kept in captivity for seven years, when, by some exchange of prisoners between the whites and Indians, he was released. His sister, however, was ‘taken to the region of upper Sandusky, and remained there among the Indians during her life. She became the wife, successively, of three Indian chiefs, her last husband being the well-known Wyandot, Between-the- Logs. Some years after his settlement in Clinton, Mr. Beers heard of a white woman living with the Indians at Upper Sandusky, and he made a visit to the tribe, where he found his long lost sister, contented and happy in her savage life. David Beers removed, with his family, from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1802. He remained in Fair- field county two years, when he moved to this township and located just north of the college grounds. In 1809 he settled where North Columbus now is. The old hewed log house, in which he lived, is still standing. He died there, May 16th, of the same year above stated. He was the father of nine children, they are: Conrad, David, Elizabeth (who became the wife of Ransom Coe), Moses, Peter, Catharine, Solomon, Rachel, and George W. Five are yet living; they are: Moses and Catharine, (wife o D. P. Wilcox), who live in Missouri; Peter, who lives in Jowa; Rachel (Mrs. Wheaton), and George W., who live in Clinton. Conrad died in North Columbus. His son, Moses, and a daughter, Mrs. Spencer, reside im this township. Three other sons live in the west, and a ‘daughter in Lorain county. David Beers, jr., some of whose hunting exploits are briefly mentioned elsewhere, settled in Clinton, where he remained until 1831, when he moved to Mifflin, and settled on Alum creek, and re- sided there until his death. He was justice of the peace of that township for thirty years, when he was succeeded by his son, David, who still retains the office, having served twenty-one years. He was twice married, and was the father of ten children, three of whom are deceased; of the remainder, Washington, David, Daniel, and Gertrude reside in Mifflin township, Ellen in Clinton, Mrs. Eliza- beth Holden in Champaign county, and Mrs. Eliza Spang- ler in Columbus. John Wilson, in 1797, married Rachel Cresswell, in Miffln county, Pennsylvania, and immediately after started, with his bride, for the far west. They traveled on pack-horses, as far as Pittsburgh or Wheeling, carry- ing with them a few articles of household necessity, and then put their horses on a flat-boat, on which they, also, came down the Ohio river to the mouth of the Scioto, ‘thence up to Chillicothe, on their horses. They lived on the Kinnickinnick, in Ross county, till r804, when they came to what is now Clinton township, and settled upon “fifty acres, now occupied by their son, Andrew Wilson. The father died here, October 2, 1879, at the age of over eighty-one years; his wife survived him about three years, and was about the same age at the time of her death. They had a family of three sons and two daughters. One of the daughters is now living in Fremont, Ohio, and the other in Iowa. Andrew Wilson, the only sur- viving son, was born in Clinton, February 16, 1806, and is the oldest man in the township, who was born in it ; his wife was Chloe, daughter of Jason Bull. Denman Coe, of Connecticut, emigrated to Wayne county, Pennsylvania, where he remained a year or two, and then, in 1807, came to Ohio. After remaining a short time in Worthington, he located in Clinton, on the Harbor road, on the Henry Innis farm. He lived there some five or six years, and then returned to Pennsylvania, where he subsequently died. Dudley and Ransom, his sons, received the homestead, on which Dudley resided until his death. He was married, at the age of fifty, to Sarah Hoskins, of Holmes county, by whom he had four sons and two daughters, all now living. Ransom Coe, in 1815, purchased, of Caleb Rice, a hundred acres of land, now owned by his son, A. F. Coe, which he cleared up, and on which he lived until his death, in October, 1855. At the time of his death, he owned over five hun- dred acres of land. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of David Beers, sr. She survived her husband souie thir- teen years. They had a family of six children, two of whom are deceased—Henry, who died, unmarried, in Clinton, and Mrs. Salinda Stewart, the eldest daughter, who died in Burlington, Iowa. ‘Three of the surviving children reside in this township—Mrs. Lovilla Ackerman, Alvin, and A. F. Coe; Mrs. Rachel Stone lives in Dela- ware county. Harvey Coe, a younger brother of Ransom, settled in Mifflin township, where his widow and son, James H. Coe, now live. In 1809, or 1810, Joseph Shrum bought, and settled upon, eighty-eight acres in this township, where W. S. Shrum, his son, now lives. He was a native of Germany, and in 1800, when eighteen or nineteen years of age, he emigrated to this country. For a year or two, he lived in Little York, Pennsylvania, and then came to Franklin county, and located in Hamilton township, where he had a distillery, for a couple of years, on the Shoaf farm, on the Chillicothe road. Afterwards, he bought one hun- dred and sixty acres in the same township, now the Klickinger farm, which he lost on account of imperfect title, when he came into this township and settled, as already stated. Soon after his settlement, he built a dis- tillery on the west bank of the Olentangy, just south of his residence. The still was burned down in 1824, or 1825, but he rebuilt it the same year, but on the east side of the river, and carried on distilling until 1837, when he retired from active business. January 1, 1809, he was married to Elizabeth McGranahan, by whom he had seven children. She died in 1823, and he was married twice afterwards, but had no children by these subse- quent marriages. Mr, Shrum was killed, in September, 1859, by a train of cars on the Piqua road, while driving over the long crossing, west of Jones mill, living forty- eight hours after the accident. At the time of his death, he was over cighty-eight years of age. Although owning and operating a distillery, he was a strictly temperate 404 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. man in his habits. For thirty years he was a member of the Franklinton dragoons. A son and two daughters are now living: W. S. Shrum, born in this township, in 1814, and now residing on the homestead; Mrs. Eliza- beth Reams, in Michigan, and Mrs. Lucy Gillen, in the State of Illinois. At an early date, quite a number of New England people came into the township, and settled mostly along the Columbus and Worthington road, which originally run a somewhat different course from what it now does. One of the first was Abraham Ingham, who came from Barkhampstead, Connecticut with his family, then [1808] consisting of his wife and three children. The year be- fore, he had made a trip to this western wilderness, to take a look at the country, walking the whole distance both ways, and averaging over fifty miles a day the round trip, and some days traveled sixty-frve miles. The family settled on the David Bristol property, a mile and a half south of Worthington, where they lived until 1812, at which time Mr. Ingham purchased of Daniel Case the farm now occupied by his son, George W. Ingham. At the time he erected his cabin here, on this now thickly settled road, the nearest neighbor was half a mile away, and only woods in every direction. Mr. Ingham, after a useful life, died in this township, in 1840, his wife sur- viving him thirty years. They raised a family of six children, four of whom are yet living, viz: Mrs. Arnold, in Delaware county, aged over eighty; A. C. Ingham, in the town of Delaware, aged seventy-nine; George W. who lives in this township, on the old homestead, and a daughter— Mrs. Wilcox—in Towa City, Iowa. George W. was born in this township in 1816. At the same time, Jordan Ingham, an older brother of Abraham, moved out with his family, and settled on the farm adjoining his brother on the south. He died about the year 1843, and his wife previously. The only mem- ber of the family now living resides in Iowa. Daniel Case came from Hartford county, Connecticut, in 1811, and settled on the farm, a part of which is now owned by his son, William Case. His dwelling stood on the bank of the river, near where the mill now does. Mr. Case died in 1817. Of his five children, two only are now living—William, as above mentioned, and Rodney, in Kentucky. Prominent among the pioneers of this township were Thomas Bull and family, who arrived in Worthington, in the fall of 1812, removing from the State of. New York. ‘They remained the first winter in Worthington, and in the spring came to this township, Mr. Bull having pur- chased in the Rathbone section, lots eight, nine and ten, comprising something over six hundred acres. He set- tled upon lot eight. Thomas Bull was a native of Ver- mont, born November, 1762, and died in Clinton, October, 1823. His wife Sylvia (Benedict), was a native of Connecticut, born in 1766, and died here at the age of about eighty years. They raised a family of four sons and two daughters- --Chloe, Jason, Nathan T., Alonson, Hiram and Edith. They all came to Ohio with their parents, except Chloe, who came subsequently with her husband, Isaac Brevoort, who was drowned a short time afterward which crossing the Olentangy river. Jason Bull lived on the farm just north of his son-in-law, An- drew Wilson, and died there, February, 1861. He was a local Methodist preacher. Alonson died in Columbus ; Hiram, on the Mississippi, below New Orleans, where he had settled; Edith became the wife of a Dr. Beach, and resided in Marion county, Ohio. Dr. Nathan T. Bull, the only survivor of the family, and now residing in this township, was born in Clinton county, New York, September 29, 1795; married, Janu- ary, 1820, Fidelia, daughter of Eber and Rebecca Wil- son, who removed from Washington county, New York, to this township, with his family, in 1818. Mr. Wilson resided on the farm now occupied by Mr. Fuller, for two years, when he removed to Lower Sandusky (now Fre- mont), and shortly afterward to the Maumee river, where he settled near Perrysburg. Mrs. Bull was born August 23, 1798. With the exception of her hearing, which has become of late years considerably impaired, Mrs. Bull still retains her faculties in an excellent state of preserva- tion, Dr.and Mrs. Bull have lived together as man and wife, for the unusual period of three score years, and have, now living, seven children, twenty-two grandchildren, and sixteen great-grandchildren. John Smith came from Francestown, New Hampshire, in 1812. He worked for Squire Samuel Wilson above Worthington, about a year when he married his em- ployer’s eldest daughter, Olive. In 1814 he purchased of Thomas Bull, lot number nine, in Clinton township, now owned and occupied by Mrs. Catharine Smith. Mr. Smith was a zealous christian man, and was actively engaged, during most of his life, in religious and_re- formatory work. He was in Minnesota, asa sort of mis- sionary among the Ojibway Indians, for several years. He was the first president of the first temperance society, and of the first anti-slavery society in Franklin county. He organized the first Sunday-school in this township, and was its superintendent for about thirty years. He died April, 1865, his wife surviving him a few months. They raised a family of six children: Rev. Samuel D. Smith, now pastor of the Presbyterian church in Rey- noldsburg, this county; Elizabeth C., now widow of William I, Breck, and residing in Parker City, Pennsyl- vania; John .\., Jeremiah 13. and Joseph, all deceased, and Mary M., who married William L. Starr, and lives in Nebraska. Joseph Smith, above mentioned, was the husband of Catharine Piatt who is still living in Clinton, on the old homestead. Mrs. Smith is a sister of John J. Piatt, the poet. Roswell Wilcox and family came to this county from Simsbury, Connecticut, in 1805. The journey which was made by wagon, consumned three weeks, and from Granville to Worthington they traveled by blazed trees— the country was then almost a complete wilderness. ‘They located, for a short time, in Franklinton, when they moved about two miles above Worthington, in the Wil- son neighborhood, where they lived some eight years. In 1814 Wilcox moved with his family to this township, and settled where Joseph Guitner now lives, having erected a saw-mill, where the Hess mill now stands, in HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND He resided there until his death. His wife sur- vived him, and died in Delaware county. They had a family of eight children, of whom D. P. Wilcox now living in Missouri, is the only survivor. A daughter, Emily, was the wife of Apollos Maynard. Philologus Webster and family, and his sons, Peter, John, and Harvey, and their families, moved into the township during the war of 1812. They came from Con- necticut—John, and family, from Hartford, and the rest from Simsbury. They came by wagon, and were three months making the journey. The father settled where the aged widow of Elihu now lives, and died there a few years afterward. Peter also settled on a portion of the old homestead. John located in Columbus, where he lived some ten years, when he settled in Clinton, on the farm now owned by Mr. Little, but lived on the east side of the road; his son, Amason Webster, born in Columbus, in 1815, is still a resident of this township. Harvey died in this township, though he made no actual settlement; he was the father of Lewis H. Webster, a member of the bar of Columbus. Elihu married Mary Anderson, who still survives him, at the age of over eighty years. Rhoda, who became the wife of Farin Olmstead, and lived in Blendon township, subsequently removed to Madison county, and, finally, to Iowa, where she died. Levi died in Clinton, at the age of eighteen. Roswell Cook and family moved in from Connecticut, in the winter of 1815, and at the same time came his sons, Rodney and Chauncey, with their wives. The father bought and settled upon the farm now occupied by Rod- ney’s son, Clement Cook. After his death, which took place in Delaware county, the elder son had the home place, and Chauncey lived on a portion of the farm south of his brother. Edward Stanley, sr., from Connecticut, arrived about the same time as the Cooks, and located where Erskine A. Fuller now lives; hé died there, and his son, Edward, afterward occupied the place. Ezekiel Tuller, also from Connecticut, came to Ohio in 1814, and after living a few years in Sharon township, settled in Clinton, where James Wetmore now resides. None of the family are now left. John Buck came out with the Cook family. He was then single, but afterward married Diadamia Cowles, and settled on the place now occupied by his son, William. The father and mother both resided here until their death. Sadosa Bacon, from Connecticut, purchased in 1813, the farm now occupiéd by his son, John. In 1817 he married Anna Case, and lived upon his farm until his death in 1822. He was a traveling Methodist preacher. Philip Zinn settled in Columbus in 1813; afterwards bought and located on the north part of what is now the college grounds. He was an early mail-carrier from Columbus to Chillicothe, and from Columbus to Del- aware. He was also much engaged in transporting goods by wagon from the east to Columbus. He died in Pennsylvania while on such a trip. His children, Adam Zinn and Mrs. John Garner, live in this township, and Peter, a lawyer, below Cincinnati. 1810. PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. in Perry township. 405 In 1819 Alexander Shattuck, born in Groton, Mass- achusetts, September 9, 1797, came to this county with his brother, Simon, and wife, Sarah Simpson, who settled He was a carpenter, and worked at his trade for Some time after his arrival. His first pur- chase of land was ninety acres, still occupied by his widow. It was then uncleared except a few acres, and contained a log cabin. He was married in Worthing- ton, February 17, 1830, to Flora Andrews who came with her parents to Ohio from Connecticut, when six years of age. She was born July 24, 1808. To them have been born two sons and ten daughters, all now liv- ing but one son. William Shattuck who lives on the farm next south of his mother’s, is one of the leading farmers in the township. Alexander Shattuck died ‘October 23, 1870. Henry Innis, of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, married, in Harrison county, Ohio, Isabella Clifford Pegg, and in 1817, came to Franklin county. He located in Franklinton, where he kept a tavern some four years, when he moved to Clinton, and settled on the farm now occupied by Abraham Carl. He erected the brick house now occupied by the family of A. R. Innis, his youngest son, in 1840. He resided there until his death, April 13, 1865, aged seventy-three. His widow, born July 30, 1793, is still living. They raised a family of nine chil- dren, fqur of whom survive—Colonel Gustavus S. Innis, manager of the State Reform farm, at Lancaster; Will- iam H., one of the substantial farmers of Clinton; Mrs. James Durrett, in Scioto township, Pickaway county; and Adam R., also in Clinton. Elizabeth was the wife of Frederick Roder, formerly of Clinton, now of Delaware county; Mary married Mr. Jimeson, of Blendon town- ship; Minerva was the wife of Joseph Mock, of Clinton, and died June, 1879; Isabella C., was the wife of Silas Wilcox ; and Elias P., died at the age of twenty-one. The Maynards—two families—the most of whom set- tled in Sharon township, came, with some others, from Massachusetts, to this county, in the year 1806. In Con- necticut, the emigrants were arrested for traveling on the Sabbath, in violation of the old blue laws of that State. Two men of the party went back with the officer to the magistrate, who had caused their arrest, and succeeded in getting off in some way without suffering the penalty to which they had made themselves lable. Moses May- nard settled in Worthington, and, Stephen, his brother, west of the river, in the same township. Apollos May- nard, son of Moses, born September 12, 1796, married, in 1820, Emily Wilcox, daughter of Roswell Wilcox and Doreas Pinney, and subsequently, in 1832, purchased, for one thousand dollars, seventy-seven acres in Clinton, where North Columbus now stands. On the place west of High street, was a cabin built by Jacob Loy, and this Mr. Maynard moved to the east side of the street, and occupied. He subsequently erected the brick house oc- cupying the same site, or nearly so, He died, March 24, 1868. Mrs. Maynard died December 20, 1857. Two children were born to them —George Clinton, who died August 2, 1860; and Laura Maynards now living in North Columbus. 406 Samuel G. Flenniken-emigrated from Pennsylvania in 1798, settling at first on the Lancaster road, below Co- lumbus. He was born in North Carolina, and raised in Pennsylvania. He married Elizabeth Morehead, in Chillicothe, in 1798. About 1820 he moved, with his family, to Clinton township, where he bought the land on which the county infirmary was to be located. His purchase was made from the Mcllvaine heirs. He was elected associate judge in 1817, and served until his death, in 1845, a period of twenty-cight years. He raised nine children, seven sons and two daughters. His son, Samuel W. Flenniken, lives in Brown township, on Little Darby creek. Eliza S. married Joseph R. Anderson, and lives near Columbus, on the Dublin pike. Dorcas J. married Daniel Lakin, and settled in the southwest corner of Clinton township. Two of her sons live in Perry township—George W., on’ the bank of the Scioto river, and Samuel W., near the Clinton township line. Sarah Ilenniken remained single and lives with her sister, Mrs, Anderson, near Columbus. The remainder of the children of Judge Flenniken went to the west, where they died. Casper Kiner came to this county from Pennsylvania in 1824. He lived a couple of years south of Colum- bus, and then located where the college grounds are, in Clinton township, where he remained for a year. He then moved to Coshocton county, where he resided seven years, when he moved back to Clinton. He set- tled on the farm, a portion of which is now occupied by his son, Jacob, and lived there the balance of his life. He raised a family of ten children, of whom three sons and a daughter are now living, viz: Jacob, Henry, and John, in this township, and Mrs. Nathaniel Smith, near Georgesville. Walter Fields moved into this township in 1824, from Athens county, Ohio, where he had lived six years. He located on one hundred acres of land, now owned by L, L. Pegg, just east of his son, Albert Fields’ farm. In 1867 he moved to the farm now occupied by his son, where he died ten ycars afterwards. His father, John Fields, and his family, came from Athens county in 1828, and settled upon the same lot. He died in 1864, at the age of one month and a few days over one hundred years. Jacob Slyh came from Jefferson county, Virginia, in October, 1828, his wife and father coming out with him. They remained in Columbus through the winter, and then came to Clinton and settled a mile south of where he now lives. At this writing he is aged vighty-one, and his wife seventy-eight. They have five surviving children, all of whom are married. William occupies the home- stead. Frederick Weber emigrated to the United States, from Germany, in the spring of 1830, and lived one year in York county, Pennsylvania, and three years in Stark county, Ohio, when, in 1834, he moved to this township, and settled where he now lives. This place, which he purchased of Thomas Johnson, consisted of sixty-eight acres, on which there was a log cabin, and only five acres cleared. ‘This part of the township was then very new, wet, and heavily timbered. Mr. Weber has now three HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. hundred and ten acres. In Stark county he married his first wife, who died in 1851, and who was the mother of his ten children, seven of whom are now living. In 1862 he married his present wife, Mrs. Amelia Schwartz, of Columbus. Windsor Atcheson, who resides in the southeast part of the township, at the age of seventy-seven, has been a resident of Franklin county since 1828, In 1813, he came from Center county, Pennsylvania, to Ohio, with his parents, who settled in Stark county. In 1828, he came to Lockbourne, and worked on the canal two or three years, when he went to Columbus. In 1842, he located in Montgomery (now Marion) township, west of where the round house now is, and in 1846, moved into Clinton. For many years he has been engaged in the manufacture of brick. July 29, 1852, he was married to Maria Kiser, and has a family of five children. Robert Innis, a brother of Henry, before mentioned, moved into the township, from Harrison county, Ohio, in 1834, and settled on the farm now occupied by his widow, Mary Innis, now aged nearly seventy-one. Mr. Innis died August 19, 1879, aged nearly seventy-five. There are eight children of Robert Innis, ‘all married and settled in life. Joseph Pegg, who settled in Clinton in 1833, came from Philadelphia, with his father, Elias Pegg, who was among the early settlers in the old town of Franklinton. Elias Pegg, his son, now lives there, and his daughter, Mrs. Henry Innis, now in her eighty-seventh year, re- sides in this township, and Mrs. Samuel Fisher, another daughter, at Hilliard. Joseph Pegg was married in Franklinton, to Matilda Crawford, and, the year above stated, purchased of Henry Innis, a farm of sixty-eight acres, on which he resided until his death, in 1854. His wife died a few years since. They had eleven children, all of whom are living, with the exception of a daughter, who was killed in childhood, by a tree, cut down by the hired man, falling upon her. Elias W. Pegg, son of Jo- seph Pegg, is justice of the peace of Clinton, a position he has filled with credit many years. J. P. Little and wife came to Ohio from Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1833. They lived in Licking county about three years, when they moved to this town- ship, and purchased of John Webster, sr., the farm they still occupy. Mr. Little was born February 13, 1802, in Greene county, Pennsylvania. His wife (Anna Beck) whom he married in 1830, was a native of Washington county, same State, and is now aged sixty-six. They have raised six children, and all of them are now living, PIONEER SCHOOLS, The first school in Clinton, according to Andrew Wil- son and others, was kept by Miss Griswold, in an old log cabin on the Lisle farm, in the summer of 180g or 1810, The house had only part of a puncheon floor, and greased paper for windows. The children who lived east of the river, of whom John Wilson sent four, had to wade the stream to get to the school. In 1812 Michael M. Baker, an Trishman, opened a school in a log house on the Maynard farm, north of the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN. AND college grounds, then owned by Joseph Smart. Jonas B. Ward and Roswell Fisk were early teachers in the same house. A school was kept by Miss Becky Gordon in a vacant log dwelling on the Hess farm, as early as 1817. The first school in the Cook neighborhood was taught by Diadamia Cowles, afterwards wife of John Buck, in the summer of 1816. The school was kept in a log structure, previously used as a stable by Roswell Cook. The first school-house was built in 1815, on Webster’s run, on the top of the hill, northeast of the late Edward Stanley’s residence. The first pedagogue was ‘Fimothy Sedgwick, of Connecticut, who taught a winter school. The first summer school was kept by Miss Rachel Cook, whose tuition was partly paid in grain. In the fall of 1819, or following winter, a small log school-house was erected nearly opposite where the present Methodist Episcopal church now stands, in which James Ferson kept the first school. He was a man of excellent character and qualifications, as a teacher, and taught a large and successful school. A hewed log house was built a few years afterward, just north of the old school-house which has also long since disappeared. The now venerable Dr. Bull was one of the earliest teachers in this house, teaching two winters. The township is, at present, divided into eight school districts outside of the city limits, and each district con- tains a good brick school-house. CHURCHES. CLINTON CHAPEL. Meetings by the Methodists in Clinton were com- menced, in 1819, at the log house of Eber Wilson, on the farm now owned by Mr. Fuller. The first circuit preachers were John Tivis and Leroy Swomstedt, who preached, al- ternately, once in two weeks. A class was formed, with the following members: Thomas Bull and wife, Nathan T. Bull, Alonson Bull, Edith Bull, Fidelia Wilson, Abel Tinckum and wife, Louis Gay and wife, Eber Wilson and wife, Jason Bull and wife, and widow Delano. Meetings were held at Eber Wilson’s house about two years, and, after that, at the dwelling of Thomas Bull, until his death, some eighteen months. Subsequent to this, and until the erection of the church, they were held at the old school-house, which stood just west of where the church now stands. The church was built about the year 1838, and was the first meeting-house in the township. The ground for the church and graveyard was set apart, for the purpose, in the will of Thomas Bull, one of the so- ciety’s most zealous members. The church has been fairly prosperous, and meetings have continued, without interruption, up to the present time. Andrew Wilson and Amoson Webster are the present class-leaders. A Sabbath-school has been in existence, in connection with PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. dwelling of John Baker, in 1852. this church, for over forty-five years, and is now flourish- ing. It containsa good library. Amoson Webster is the superintendent. THE M’KENDREE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, in the eastern part of the township, was organized at the 407 Rev. Urich Heath, who was then on the circuit, officiated in its organization. The constituent members were twelve in number, as fol- lows: Henry Innis and wife, Robert Innis and wife, David Canfield and wife, Mrs. John Baker, and Mrs. Cornelius Sharp. The church, a small frame house, was erected the same year the society was organized. THE BAPTIST CHURCH, west of the river, called the Clinton Predestinarian Bap- tist church, was organized at the Union church, by Elder Samuel Carpenter, of Lancaster, and Elder Hiram Hen- dren, of Canal Winchester, in August, 1860. The mem- bers composing the organization, were: Rey. Danicl Hess and wife, Josiah Kinnear and wife, Sarah Hess, Aaron Hard, Jemima Hard, Melissa Hard, Ansel Hard, Myron Hard, and Robert Walcott. Aaron Hard was elected the first deacon. The first meetings of the society were held irregularly at the Union church, and subsequently, in the Walcott school-house, in Perry town- ship. The church, a neat brick structure, was built in 1870. The first pastor was Rev. Hiram Hendren, who preached one year, when he was succeeded by Rey. Dan- iel Hess, who continued as pastor until October, 1877, when he resigned. Since then Rev. George Tussing, of Columbus, has officiated as pastor. William Wine- gardner is the present church clerk. THE UNION CHURCH, near the west line of the township, was erected by the Episcopalians of Clinton, and a German Reformed so- ciety, in Perry township, in the fall of 1852. The lot, of one-half acre, was donated by Jacob Slyh. The German Reformed society was organized by Rev. Jacob Weaver, at the Kenny log school-house, on the twenty-second of June, 1851. The original members of the society were: Jacob Fogle and wife (Mary Ann), John Kenny and wife (Nancy), Rodolfus Phinegar and wife (Elizabeth), Mathias G. Slough and wife (Lydia), Frederick Wiser, and Mary Whip. The first officers chosen by the church were: Jacob Fogle, and Rodolfus-Phinegar, elders; John Kenny, and Mathias G. Slough, deacons. The successive pastors of the Reformed church have been as follows: Jacob Weaver, George W. Willard, Henry Willard, and Joseph Heffley. Subsequent to Henry WiHard, the Rev. John Voght preached for some time as a supply. The society, at the present time, numbers about twenty-six members. The elders are Jacob Fogle and James Kenny, and R. Phinegar, deacon. The Protestant Episcopal society, with which the Ger- man Reformed united in the erection of the church prc- viously mentioned, was organized at the time the church was built, in 1852. The membership consisted of Jacob Slyh and wife (Emeline), Daniel Lakin, Washington Lakin and wife (Rebecca), and Elizabeth Lisle. Jacob Slyh was elected senior Warden, and Daniel Lakin, junior warden. There are now about twenty-one mem- bers. Rev. Messrs. Roberts, Richards, Ross, Ruth, Nash, Jones, and Young (the present minister), have been the successive pastors of the church. The Winebrenarians (‘Church of God”) had an or- 408 ganization in this township for a number of years, and in 1852 erected a brick church in Clintonville, which is now used for a dwelling. FIRST SUNDAY-SCHOOL. The first Sabbath-school inthe township was organized by John Smith, at his house, in 1832 He had charge of the school for a number of years, keeping it for three or four years in his own house, and afterwards in a log school-house west of the site of the Methodist Episcopal church. MILES AND OTHER INTERESTS, In the first settlement of the county the pioneers were compelled to make extended journeys to get their grain ground into flour. ‘To go thirty or forty miles to mill— to Chillicothe, as the first settleys did—and through un- broken forests, was no small undertaking. The grist was ground in the order of its reception at the mill, and the few mills then in existence were so overcrowded with business that several days would be required some times to get the grist through the mill. A man who has had some experience says “one in going to mill could eat his grist while waiting for it.” Frequently, the mortar- and pestle was brought into use. A cavity burnt into the top of a stump, or block, a spring-pole, or sapling, with a pestle attached by means of bark—these were the sum total of the parts and mechanism of the mortar and pes tle-mill. With this the people pounded their corn. Fre- quently, they had “jointed ” corn—corn cut from the cob with a joiner’s plane. ‘The first grist-mills of any consid- erable advantage to the county were those of Colonel Kilbourne and Samuel Iyer, the former near Worthing- ton, and the latter on Darby creck, where Georgesville now stands. These were erected about the year 1805. The first grist-mill in the township was erected by David Beers, st., in 1810. The mill is now owned by the Messrs. Hess. Mr. Beers sold the mill, in 1816, to his son-in-law, D. P. Wilcox, who operated it until 1839, or 1840, when he sold it to James Mateer. Mr. Mateer subsequently sold it to John B. Piatt, who was succeeded by the Messrs. Hess. The grist-mill farther up the river, now owned by Jacob Weisenhammer, was originally built on the Olen- tangy, in Sharon township, by Stephen Maynard, about the year 1813, and was afterwards moved to its present location. It is the same mill, justas the boy's jack-knife was the same, which had had three new handles and two new blades. George Whip owned this mill for some thirty years, and it is known as Whip’s mill. Roswell Wilcox, in 1810, creeted the first saw-mill in the town- ship, just below the Beers grist-mill. The two mills were run by the same flume, which caused some trouble and litigation between the owners. .\ saw-mill was built about the year 1814, near Whip’s mill, by Dan Case and Bellas H. Skecls. "The saw-mill in the eastern part of the towrtship, was moved in and put up by Messrs. Jen- nings and Jeffries, about two years ago. A saw-mill had previously been erected there by William Keyes, of Wes- terville, who afterwards moved it to Columbus. There were, at one time, three distilleries in the town- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHO. ship, which did an extensive business in the manufacture of liquor. The most important manufacturing interest in the township, at the present time, is that of brick- making, a large number of brickyards being in active operation. VAVIERNS. The first house in the township, kept for the entertain- ment of the public, was opened by Peter Haroff, in his dwelling, on the old Columbus road, near where the col- lege grounds now are. ‘The house consisted of three or four log cabins, joined together, and in it the early town- ship elections were held. About the year 1814, the Wil- cox tavern was erected, by Roswell Wilcox, The build- ing was a frame, and stood where the residence of Joseph Guitner now stands, and of which the old tavern now. forms a part. Mr. Wilcox kept the tavern until his death. PHYSICIANS, Dr. Charles H. Wetmore, the pioneer physician of the township, removed to this county from the city of New York, in the year 1819. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Henry, of Lansingburgh, New York, and afterwards read with Dr. Burrett, of Troy; he attended lectures at the college of physicians and surgeons of the University of New York, and was licensed to practice in 1808. He first began the practice of his profession in Troy, but was practicing in New York City at the time of his removal to Ohio. Dr. Wetmore died, September ro, 1868, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. Dr. Nathan T. Bull, born in Clinton county, New York, September, 29, 1795, came to this township, with his parents, Thomas and Sylvia Bull, in 1812. Adopting the medical profes- sion, he went, when about thirty-one years of age, to Cin- cinnati, and attended lectures at the Ohio medical col- lege, of that city, having previously read with Dr. Com- stock. He began the practice of his profession in Ham- ilton county, where he continued some six or seven years, when he came back to Clinton, with the intention of en- gaging in other pursuits; but so great was the need of physicians at that time, t hat he reconsidered his resolu- tion. From that time, until within a few years, Dr. Bull has been actively engaged in the practice of medicine. VILLAGES. In 1846 or “47 Alonson Bull laid out a few building lots on the Columbus and Worthington road, which were hought and improved by mechanics. He did not design it for a village, and had no plat of his lots recorded. His purpose was merely to afford homes for a few me- chanics, for the benefit of the neighborhood. The few houses erected, however, formed the nucleus around which grew up a little town, and took the name of Clin- tonville. A postoffice was established there in October, 1847, with James Ferguson as postmaster. In 1842 Solomon and George W. Beers laid out forty acres into lots on the road, about a mile, south of Clin- tonville. They recorded their plat, and named the place North Columbus. ‘The first lots were purchased by Alexander Shattuck and he erected the second house, William Carroll building the first. The first store was opened there by a man by the name of Bender. In 1859 SiN (eee ("AT THE AGE OF 99.” } WALTER FIELD. MARY FIELD. PHOTOS.BY J,M°CANN, WESTERVILLE. 0. MRS.AMASON WEBSTER. AMASON WEBSTER. J.¥. WEBSTER. MRS .ORRELL E. LEGG. C.L.WEBSTER. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Kinnear’s addition, consisting of fifteen acres, was laid out by Samuel Kinnear, and in 1870 an addition of one hundred and seven acres on the east side of the street, by George Williams. The town is now embraced within the corporation limits of Columbus. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THE FIELD FAMILY. Walter Field and wife (formerly Mary Ranney), emigrated from the headwaters of the Allegheny river, in Pennsylvania, to Athens county, Ohio, in 1819, where Mr. Field bought fifty acres of land, which he cleared and improved. He first came to Ohio in 1818, and selected his land. His father and mother, John Field and wife, came to Ohio the same year—1818—and settled in Athens county, where they remained until 1826, when they removed to Clinton township, Franklin county, where Walter Field and family had removed in 1825. Here John Field died in March, 1864, at the age of one hundred years, one month, and seventeen days. His wife died in 1846. Walter Field bought one hundred acres of land in the northeast cor- ner of Clinton towhship, in 1825, on which he built a cabin and madea home. The land was then in its native state, covered with a heavy growth of timber, which took years of labor to remove and leave the soil fit for cultivation. After improving this land, he purchased one hundred and fifty-five acres west of his home, on which he moved in 1867. He died in 1877, aged eighty years. His wife died in 1875, aged seventy-five years. The children of Walter and Mary Ranney Field were: Ilizabeth, John, Frederick, and Artamissa, who were born in Athens county; and Zenas C., Louisa A., Jason B., Albert, and Andrew W., who were born after their removal to Clinton township. Elizabeth married Robert Barnes, and now lives in Wakeman, Huron county, this State; John married Mary Wood, in Cattaraugus county, New York, and settled in Indiana, whence he removed to Illinois, where he now lives; Frederick lives with his brother Albert, on the old homestead; Artamissa married John Fry, and lives in Franklin township, this county; Zenas went to the West, and became a pioneer in Oregon, where he endured great hardships, and took part in many campaigns against the Indians, and while engaged in this duty he took a severe cold, which settled on his lungs and threw him into consumption, from which he died in 1859; Louisa A. mairied George Sunderland, and lives in Sharon township, this county; Jason B. went to the West, in 1855, and has not been heard from since 1857; Andrew went to Kansas, in 1858, and in the spring of 1859: was overtaken on the plains in a severe storm, and perished. Albert Field was born in Clinton township, August 3, 1835. In October, 1859, he married Elizabeth Harter, whose father was an early settler in Licking county, and afterwaids settled in Clinton township, Franklin county, where he made a home. Mr. and Mrs. Field have had three children—daughters—named Linda J., Huldah R., and Carrie A. Huldah, the second daughter, was married, December 24, 1878, to Taylor W. Smith, All live at home. Mr. Fieltl enlisted in company C, One Hundred and Thirteenth regiment Ohio infantry, August 20, 1862. He was with his regiment in the battles of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863; Wilson Creek, November 26, 1863; Buzzard’s Roost, May 8, 1864; Resaca, May 14, 1864; Rome, May 17, 1864; and Kenesaw Mountain, June 22, 1864; all these battles being in the State of Georgia. During the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, June 22, 1864, he was struck in the left leg by a shell, and the next morning suffered ampu- tation of the limb. He was taken to Chattanooga, where he re- mained in hospital until August 19, when he was taken to Nashville, from there to Louisville, and to Camp Chase, Columbus, Septem- ber 1st. He was in the hospital fourteen months before his leg became entirely healed and his health good. On August 17, 1865, he was dis- charged from the service, at Tripler United States military hospital, Columbus. Since his discharge he has been engaged in farming, a part of the time in Kansas, but most of the time in Clinton township, this county, on the place he now owns. During a great part of the 52 409 time, for ten years previous to his mother’s death, he devoted his time to caring for her. At the same time his wife was engaged in the same duty toward her mother in the adjoining township of Sharon. Mr. and Mrs. Field, with their children, now own and occupy the old homestead of one hundred and forty-two acres, in the northeast quarter of Clinton township. THE WEBSTER FAMILY. John Webster and his wife, Lydia, natives of Hartford, Connecticut, were married and lived in that State a number of years after marriage. In about 1813 they emigrated to Ohio, bringing with them their family, consisting, at that time, of two children—Charles 1.., and John. They settled in Columbus, where Mr. Webster worked at his trade, that of shoemaker, for a number of years. Here were born five children: Amason, Mary, Oliver, Ezra G., and Cynthia L. The father and mother ‘of John Webster, by name Philologus and Sarah Webster, came to Ohio at the same time, in about 1813, and set- tled near the center of the northwest quarter séction of Clinton town- ship, where they bought over two hundred acres of land. John Webster and family remained in Columbus several years, but finally gave up his business there and removed to a part of his father's original land, where he bought a small farm. He died May 20, 1860, having survived his wife, Lydia, who died January 13, 1839, more than twenty years. Of their children, Charles I. became a physician, and settled in Illinois, where he died; John is a Methodist minister, and lives in Illinois; Mary married G. Weaver, and lives in Iowa; Oliver died, January 1, 1839; Ezra G. has been a member of the legislature of Illinois, and is now living in that State; Cynthia L. (Now Mrs. Ingles), lives a widow, in Madison county. Amason Webster was born on High street, Columbus, where his parents lived at that time, on July 30, 1815. When a small child, his parents removed to Clinton township, where he has ever since lived. His youth was spent in the hard work incident to an early settlement in the woods, in clearing the land and cultivating the soil. When twenty- four years of age—on the 27th of June, 1839—he was married to Miss Mary Pinney, daughter of Levi Pinney, who settled in Worthington, in 1803. After marriage, they remained on his father’s farm one year, when he rented the farm he now occupies for a term of five years. At the expiration of that time he bought the farm, of ninety acres, on which he has since had his home. There were born to Amason and Mary Webster four children, two of whom are now living. They were: Julia, who married and died in [linois, and whose daughter now lives in the home of Mr. Webster; Orrell E., who married Lewis Legg, and lives on a part of the home farm; Joseph Trimble Webster, who enlisted in the One hundred and Thirty-third regiment Ohio infantry, and was made sergeant in his company—he was ambitious and willing to work while his strength lasted, in consequence of which he was overtaxed with duties, and con- tracted disease from which he died eight days after his return to his home; and Charles L., who married Tillie N. Grant, and lives in the southern part of Sharon township, near the line. Mrs. Mary Pinney Webster, wife of Amason Webster, was born in Sharon township, August 6, 1815. Her parents were Levi Pinney and Charlotte Beach, who were the first couple married at Worthington after its settlement. They were married on the tenth day of February, 1804, and commenced housekeeping in Sharon township, where their daughter, Mary, was born. She enjoyed the advantages of a religious education when young, and at the age of thirteen, connected herself with the Methodist Episcopal church, of which she ever after remained a consistent member. She was greatly interested in Sunday-school work, with which she was connected for nearly fifty years, most of the time as a teacher. Fora number of years previous to her death, she was treasurer of the Woman's Foreign Missionary society. She was also a member of the Franklin County Pioneer association. She died July 9, 1858, surrounded by her family, and in the hope of a blessed resurrection. She left a husband, a son, and a daughter, to mourn the loss of a true and faithful wife, and a kind, loving, and tender mother. Portraits of Amason Webster, his wife, and three children accompany this sketch, and will be found on another page of this book. DR. CHARLES HENRY WETMORE. The subject of this sketch was the son of the Rev. Izrahiah Wetmore, the youngest of a family of twelve children, and was born in Hartford, Connecticut, on the twelfth day of May,°1783. His mother died a few 410 months after, and while yet in his boyhood, his father also died. Not- withstanding the loss of his parents at so early an age, he was enabled, by the practice of industry and economy, to acquire a thorough educa- tion. Entering Yale college in 1800, he completed the required course, and graduated in 1804. Here he was associated with many who, in after life, were distinguished for varied excellence in their respective public relations. Among these, his classmates, we find the honored names of Ezra S. Ely, Christopher E. Gadsden, Richard C. Lansing, John Pier- pont, Henry R. Storrs, and Joha C. Calhoun. Having completed his preparations for the practical duties of life, he entered upon the study of law. This he did not Jong pursue, but abandoned it for a profession more in consonance with the kindly and generous qualities of his heart and mind. In 1805 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Henry, of Lansingburg, New York, at the same time teaching in the academy at that place, under the charge of the Rev. Samuel Blatchford. Continu- ing his medical studies with Dr. Eli Burrett, of Troy, and having at- tended medical lectures at the College of Physicans and Surgeons of the University of New York, he received from the censors of the Rensellaer County Medical society 2 license to practice ‘‘physic and surgery,” March 15, 1808. After practicing his profession some months in Troy, he removed to Waterford, in 1810, where he was early admitted to the confidence of leading families, and received the warm support of many friends. During the war of 1812 he was commissioned, by Governor Tomp- kins, surgeon of the One Hundred and Forty-fourth regiment New York infantry, He was, however, only a short time in active service, peace having been declared soon after the regiment was ordered to the field. In the year 1814 he married Eliza, daughter of John Rathbone, of the city of New York, a wealthy retired merchant, who was the owner of large and valuable tracts of land in central Ohio, and whose name is even yet familiar to many persons in this State. In 1816 Dr. Wetmore removed to the city of New York, where he at once formed new ac- quaintances and friends, and was soon established in a lucrative practice. His father-in-law having, as has been stated, extensive landed inter- ests in Ohio, he was induced to remove there in 1819. On the seventh of November, of that year, he started from New York city on his jour- ney to Ohio, in a two-horse wagon, with his wife and three young chil- dren, man and maid servant, arriving in Zanesville December rst, where he tarried a few days with his brother-in-law, Dr. D. W. Rhodes, arriv- ing in Worthington, at Demas Adams’ hotel, on the eighteenth of December. % His first professional call in Worthington was on January 4, 1820, to the house of Jonathan Parks (an obstetrical case), and January 6th, his second call, was on the Right Rev. Philander Chase, first bishop of the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. | diocese of Ohio. On the thirty-first. of December, 1820, the following entry appears upon his books: “This ends the year 1820, being one year and two weeks’ residence in Ohio. On the thirteenth of November, removed from the village and commenced house- keeping on Rathbone section number one, in my own house, having a log house and stable, not finished, although comfortable. Family all well. Charged last year, or rather this year, $637.81.” It will be remembered that this was the day of low prices in all the various callings of life—professional and otherwise. During this year the following entries, among others, appear on his books, viz.: ‘‘Demas Adams, to visit for wife, 25 cents;” ‘‘Ezra Ginwald, visit for son, 25 cents;" ‘ Bishop Chase, to visit, emetic tartar for son, and extracting tooth for wife, 50 cents.’’ The bishop's residence was one mile south of the Kilbourne hotel. Other charges, varying from twenty-five to seventy-five cunts, for visit and medicine, are found running through the year. In those days there were no prescription druggists, and every physician was obliged, of necessity, to furnish the medicine prescribed. On removing to his farm he continued his profession, combining with it agricultural pursuits, and soon became widely known as a skilful and successful physician. At this early period sickness prevailed to an alarming extent throughout the country. It was not unusual, at about this period of time, for the doctor to start from home on a circuit of many miles, from Alum creck to the Scioto, from the southern part of Delaware county to the Darby plains, returning after an absence of two days or more. The road, in many cases was but a mere trace through the woods, admitting of travel on horseback only. The hardship and exposure incident to the profession had its effect upon a constitution never robust, and his infirm health compelled him to withdraw from the active discharge of professional duties, after an arduous and laborious practice of more than a quarter of a century in that locality. Dr. Wetmore's genial, cordial, social disposition, and hospitable nature, made his home—-‘‘ Locust Grove '"—widely known, and a favor- ite resort of the educated and refined. Here he lived through many ensuing years, in possession of the richest sources of enjoyment. On the twenty-fourth of February, 1853, Eliza, wife of Dr. Wetmore, died at Columbus. She was loved and revered by all who knew her. She animated her family circle by her cheerful and affectionate dispo- sition. Her conversation was intelligent and instructive, and her life was governed by strict religious principle. She was the ideal of the household, and the sweet remembrance of her many virtues will be fondly cherished when she has long slept with her ancestors. Dr. Wetmore, in his declining years, was active and vigorous to an unusual degree, and retained his faculties unimpaired to the last. He died at the family homestead, where he was temporarily sojourning, on the tenth of October, 1868, in the ecighty-sixth year of his age. PLAIN. Plain township is the northeast corner township of Franklin county, and is bounded upon the north by Del- aware county, upon the cast by Licking, south by Jeffer- son township, and west by Blendon. It was first known as township number two, in range seventeen, and was so designated upon the maps. It is a part of the United States military survey. The fourth, or southeast, quarter was laid out in one hundred acre lots, for the benefit of the Revolutionary soldiers, who held one hundred acre warrants, and the patents issued accordingly. The north half of the township was laid off in sections, a mile square, and afterward divided into quarter sections. Section three, the southwest quarter, was patented to Dudley Woodbridge in 1800, and two years later sold to John Huffman, then of Washington county, Pennsylvania, but afterward a well known citizen of Franklin county, for a consideration of one gallon of whiskey per acre, or four thousand gallons of whiskey, to be delivered at Marietta. Mr. Huffman, in 1822, divided the land among his children. THE EARLY SETTLEMENT OF PLAIN, The township was first settled in 1801, or 1802, and though the soil was not regarded as the best, the popula- tion increased quite fast and regularly. This may be in part accounted for by the fact that the water was good,’ and the locality considered as a healthy one. There has ~ ard now lives. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 4ll been a controversy as to who was the first settler of Plain, most of those who are good authority upon local history, affirming that it was Joseph Scott, but some contending for the priority of settlement of a man named Morrison, who is said to have come ina very short time before. Scott, who was from Pennsylvania, settled either in the year 1801 or 1802, but in all probability the former, upon what is now known as the Caleb Farver farm, near the south line of the township, and in the southwest part of section four. A tract of ground in this locality was gen- erally known among the early settlers, and even now spoken of,-as “Scott’s plains.” This pioneer remained in the township for a number of years, and then removed to Union county, Ohio, where he died. Morrison set- tled near the northern boundary of section three, where Anthony Wayne Taylor’s residence now is, and built his cabin ten or fifteen rods above Mr. Taylor’s house. The broad expanse of level land in this vicinity was named after him, ‘ Morrison’s prairie.” Adam Baughman and his wife, Priscilla (Hoffman), of Washington county, Pennsylvania, emigrated to the township in 1805, and located upon Scott’s plains, or prairie, in the southwest part of the township. They had two children when they moved into the township, and a number were born afterward. Their names, with those of the persons whom they married, and other in- formation, are given in the following: Eve, died in in- fancy; Elizabeth lives in the township; Louisa, wife of Thomas Havens, is deceased; Solomon, who married Margaret Swickard, and subsequently Martha Arnold, and Catharine (Mrs. M. Swickard), are in the township; Mary is in California; Peter and Reuben, in the town- ship; Abram, deceased; Levi, in Blendon. Adam Baughman, the pioneer, remained a resident of the township until his death, which occurred in 1853, and his wife until her death, in 1865. Henry Hoffman, son of John Hoffman, who owned one quarter of the township—the southwest—came in at the sime time as the Baughmans. George Baughman and his wife, Barbara, came in 1807, and located on Big lick, but in 1812, removed to Mifflin township, and settled on Big Walnut, above the present village of Gahanna. Samuel Baughman, the oldest son of George, was married when he came to the township, to Elizabeth Hoffman. The other descend- ants of George and Barbara Baughman were: Elizabeth (Mrs. David Ridenour), Susan (Mrs. John Agler), Henry, David, Jesse, and Sarah (Mrs. Jonathan Swickard). All are. deceased except the last named. The Baughmans were an important family in the early history of the township, "Squire Thomas B. Patterson, also of Pennsylvania, came in 1805, and located near where Jonathan Swick- . He has no representative now in the township or vicinity. One son, Hoffman, went to Illi- nois, and died there. Jesse Byington, another early settler, of whose family not one is left, came in soon after Patterson, and located on what is now the Frank Johnson farm. Lorin Hiels came about the same time as Byington, and lived in the township until 1875, when he died. Zimri, his brother, lived where Dennis B. Strait at pres- ent resides. Gilbert and Philip Waters were early and prominent settlers, They were from Pennsylvania. Both were smart men. The latter, according to the testimony of several old settlers, taught the first school in the town- ship. Gilbert Waters made his settlement where Nelson Wilkins now lives, but after a few years removed into the northern part of the township. Matthias Dague, and his son, by the same name, Dan- iel and George Dague, emigrated from Pennsylvania, previous to 1810, for in that year the last-named was married to Mary Baughman, they being the first couple joined in wedlock in the township. Matthias Dague, sr., settled in the southwestern part of the township, and Matthias, Dague, jr., where Job Wilson now lives. Dan- iel settled upon Rocky fork. Matthew and George Campbell came into the township when small boys, with their widowed mother, their father having died in Pennsylvania. This was in 1806. George Campbell married Amanda Farver. Both are now de- ceased. They reared a family of six children, viz.: Will- iam, now a substantial farmer of Plain township; Rebecca Montgomery, in Columbus; Mary E. Ranney, in New Albany; James, in Plain; Cicero, in Brooklyn, New York, and Sarah Jane Laugham in Philadelphia. Previous to the war of 1812, there had arrived in the township several settlers, not heretofore mentioned, and soon after, the settlement had become quite large. Among the arrivals were: John Robinson, Jacanias Rose, Will- iam Goodhart, John Shesler, and Roger and Benoni Hill. David Cook, and his son, Emyl, came to Jefferson township, from New Jersey, in 1811, and moved into Plain in1819. Emyl Cook married Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Peter Cisco, of the first-mentioned township. He is now ninety-four years of age. A son, Nathaniel, is one of the leading farmers of the township. _ John Smith came from Berger (now Passaic) county, New Jersey, in 1813, and located on what is now the George Daily farm, in the northeast part of the township. John I. Smith, his son, came to the township, in 1818, bringing with him his wife, Catharine McCloud, and set- tled on the farm next to his father’s. His children were: George and James (deceased), Archibald, Abraham, and Mary Ann (Cole), residents of the township. Archibald, the. eldest son, is aged seventy-six, and lives upon a farm which he bought in 1833. Just previous to the arrival of John I. Smith, came his brothers, Daniel, Henry, and David, who settled in the same locality, which became known as the Smith settlement. About the same time (1818), John and James Daniels came from Pennsylvania, and, soon after, the settlement was increased by the arrival of William Yantis and Joseph Moore, both from Pennsylvania. Yantis settled on the Nelson Wilkins farm, near New Albany, and Moore in the north part of the township. Christian Horlocker, a native of Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, was born in 1769; came into Plain, in 1816, and settled on the northwest quarter of section 412 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. fifteen, which he entered from the government. He was a pioneer in Fairfield county, as early as 1804, and lived for six’ years in Prairie township, and four years near Greencastle. Mr. Horlocker’s first wife was Barbara Wagner. This union was blessed with four children. By his second wife, Mary Crites, he had seven children, and by his third, Mary Myers, nine. But one by his first marriage survives—Samuel Horlocker, who resides near Galena, Ohio. Four of his children by his second marriage are living: John, Peter, and the Rev. Daniel, in Franklin county, and William, in Nebraska. ‘hose children of the third marriage who are still living, are: Christian, in Franklin county; Sarah, in Columbus; Anna, in Union county; David and George, in Dacotah, and Mary Jane, in Delaware county. Christian Hor- locker, the patriarch and pioneer, died in Plain, in 1857. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Jacob and Catharine Wagner, of Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, came to Plain in the year 1819, and made their settlement upon Sugar run. Jacob Wagner died in 1838, and his wife in 1833. They had, when they emi- grated from Pennsylvania, six children: Mary A., Eliza- beth (Horlocker), James, Jacob, Catharine (wife of G. H. Wagner), and Abraham, all of whom are dead except the last named. Those born after the arrival of the fam- ily in Plain were George, David, John, and Harriet. David and Harriet are deceased; John lives in Blendon township, and George in Plain. He was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, and earned a reputation for bravery second to none. He is a man of affairs, and much thought of in the neighborhood, as is testified to by the fact that he has long held the office of justice of the peace; has served as executor and administrator of twenty-four estates, and has been guardian of ten or more children. John Clymer, Jacob Bevelheimer, and John Alspach made their settlements about the same time as the Wag- ners. Daniel Triplett, of Leesburgh, Virginia, arrived in the township in February, 1816, when the snow was two feet deep. He had traded for six hundred acres of land, and it was upon this that he made his settlement in the northern part of the township. He married, in 1817, Sarah Archer, from New Jersey, with whom he lived until his death in 1859. His wife survived him eight years. Their descendants were G. W., Delilah, and Huldah, G. W. is probably the oldest man living, who was born in the township. He has lived in one place sixty-three years. He married Agnes, daughter of William H. and Cynthia Jolley, of Licking county, Delilah Triplett married Orrin Landon, and resides in Kokomo, Indiana; Huldah is the wife of Nelson Wilkins, and lives in New Albany. Peter Quinn and his wife, Elizabeth Cramer, came from Union county, Pennsylvania, to Fairfield county, Ohio, and after living there for two years, moved in 1820, into Plain township. ‘Their descendants were Abram, now in Oregon; David, for many years a resident of Blendon township, but now a merchant in New Albany ; Loh (Mrs. H. Parks), in Iowa; Sarah, John and Jackson, de- | | resides. ceased; Mary (Mrs. J. Campbell), in Missouri ; Sophia (Mrs. U. Campbell), in Blendon; Samuel, deceased, and Cicero, in Mfflin township. Anthony Wayne ‘Taylor, his wife, Melinda, and one child, John P., emigrated from Hardy county, Virginia, in 1822, and settled at the place where Mr. Taylor now By his own thrift he has become the owner of upwards of one thousand acres of land. Mrs. Taylor died in 1875, and Mr. ‘Taylor is still living. Their chil- dren‘were Huldah, Dora, William, Lorenzo, and Buren. ‘The three last named are residents of the township. Joel and Mary B. Ranney came in to Plain in 1820, and in 1826, Joel Ranney, jr., and his wife, Mary E., arrived, and located about a mile and a half east of New Albany, Mr. Ranney bought a good farm, and return- ing east, worked in the Portland stone quarries, to earn money to pay for it. The Ranneys had ten children, six of whom are living, viz.: Mary A. Hoffman, in Colum- bus; S. W., in New Albany; Harriet (Headley), in Nebraska; Emily R. (Clark), in Kansas; and John H., and Joel C., in the same State. Frederick Henry, and his wife, Christina Kramer, came in from Pennsylvania, in 1826, and settled where their son, Jacob, now lives. Their children, in the order of age, were Jacob, Sarah Alspach, Rachel Wagner, Sam- uel, George, Elizabeth Alspach, Mary Newbold, and Louis. Ezekiel Park, who now lives in Harlem township, Del- aware county, came into Plain in 1826, from Hampshire county, Virginia. He married Elizabeth Crist. * Samuel Rigel, a native of Pennsylvania, came into the township in 1828, from Fairfield county, Ohio, where he had married Sarah, daughter of Daniel Hoy. For his second wife, he married Mrs. Miller (zee Wilson). Mr. Mr. Rigel is still living and is located in Westerville, where he has been for the past thirteen years. His children were: Daniel and Joseph, both deceased ; Diana (Ulery), in Delaware county; Catharine (McClurg), in Columbus, and Fanny (Crist), in Blendon township. Abram Williams came in from New Jersey, in 1830. Betsey, his daughter, married the Rev. Daniel Horlocker, now resident in Columbus. Isaac Williams and his wife, Elizabeth, came from Sus- sex county, New Jersey, in 1832, and located where their son, Isaac B., now lives, in the northern part of the township. Isaac Williams died, in 1862, and his wife two years earlier. ‘Their children were: Catharine (de- ceased), Enos, John (deceased), Abraham, Isaac B., Eliza- beth (Waters), Almeda (deceased), Alanson, Richard, Ann (Glick), and Jane (Fairchild). All but the last two were born before their parents emigrated to the township. David Morrison and his wife, Nancy (Mann), came from Sussex county, New Jersey, in 1837, and located at their present place of residence. John and Rebecca Robinson came in the same year as the above, from Pennsylvania. A son, George W., is a leading mechanic of Westerville, and has been located there for twenty-one years, He married Ann, daughter of Gilbert Waters, of Plain township, elsewhere spoken of. Abraham A .and Dulcinsa Strait, of Sussex county, DAVID QUINN. The subject of this sketch was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, December 12, 1814. His parents were Peter and Elizabeth Quinn. four years of age, his parents removed to Fairfield county, In 1818, when he was but Ohio, where they remained two years, after which they came to Franklin county, and located in Plain township, where Mr. Quinn purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, on which he madea permanent home, and where both himself and his wife spent the remainder of their lives. David Quinn obtained a limited education at the schools then taught, after he became thirteen years of age. On the gth day of April, 1835, he was united in marriage to Catharine Eyer, immediately after which he settled on an eighty acre lot, which he had purchased from his father, in the northwest part of the township. No clearing had been made -on his place, and with his young wife he settled in the green woods, where they lived fourteen years, clearing and improving the land. In 1849 he sold his farm, and bought one hundred acres of wild land in Blendon township, which he also im- proved, and where they lived twenty-three years, when he also sold this land, and returned to Plain township. He had previously bought a brick store building in the village of New Albany, where he engaged in the mercantile business in 1871, and where he has since remained. To Mr. and Mrs. Quinn have been born three chil- dren, as follows: Elizabeth, who married Adam Neis- wander, and died, leaving one child; Sarah Jane, who married H. H. McCurdy, and lives in New Albany, and Angeline, who died when a little more than three years of age. Mrs. Quinn died November 6, 1876. She had lived a consistent christian life as a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was well prepared for the last change in this life. Mr. Quinn is also a member of the same church. Since the death of his wife he has made his home with his only surviving daughter, Mrs. Sarah J. McCurdy, and her husband, in New Albany. A portrait of Mr. Quinn appears in connection with this sketch of his life. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 413 New Jersey, settled near New Albany, in 1839. Their children were: George R., now in Westerville; William D., Henry H., and Dennis B., in Plain township. Den- nis B. has been county commmissioner and auditor. FIRST EVENTS. The first marriage of whites in Plain township was that of George Dague and Mary Baughman, July ro, 1810. George Dague died in 1871, and his wife in 1877. The first death was that of Eve, daughter of Adam Baughman. The first barn raised in the township belonged to George Baughman. It was built in the season of 1807- 8, and his neighbors from Plain, Blendon, Mifflin, Jeffer- son and Truro townships assisted at the raising. Those who belonged in Plain, were Adam and Samuel Baugh- man, Joseph and James Scott, and Henry Hoffman. From Blendon there came Simeon Moore, sr., Simeon Moore, jr., and some of the Phelps family; from Jeffer- son, Matthias Dague and sons; from Truro, the Edgars and others; and from Mifflin, Frederick and John Agler, John Scott, Isaac Johnson and A, Anderson. The first frame house was built-by Daniel Triplett in It stood just north of the present residence of 1819. his son, G. W. Triplett. The first brick house was erected by Henry Smith. The first burial place was set apart in 1814, on land given by John Smith. It so happened that he was the first person buried in the lot which his generosity had given to the people of the settlement. Soon after the time that this cemetery, which is on the Reynoldsburg and Johnstown road, was established, another one was opened upon what is now known as the Caleb Farver farm, then owned by Joseph Scott. About the same time a regular place of burial was set off from the farm of Daniel Triplett. THE FIRST SCHOOL. It is known, absolutely, that the first school in the township was taught by Philip Waters, and there was but one term in seven years: The school-house was on the northeast part of the Alspach farm. There was a school-house on the Triplett farm, as early as 1821. Jacob Smith, of Jefferson township, taught there, and was, in all probability, the first teacher after Waters. ORGANIZATION. The township was organized in 1810, and originally included the territory now embraced in Blendon and Jefferson. The early records have been lost, and no man’s memory retains the -names of the first officers ‘elected. John Scott and Simeon Moore, the latter an early Settler in what is now Blendon, were the first justices of the peace. The next year Jacob Thorp, who lived in what is now the township of Jefferson, was elected in place of Scott. Simeon Moore was re-elected in 1814, and in 1815 the choice fell upon Jacob Smith and Thomas B. Patterson, the first of Jefferson, and the lat- ter of Plain (according to present boundaries). George Wells was elected in 1817; ‘Thomas B. Patterson was | re-elected in 1818; Asa Whitehead, in 1819; John Davis, ‘in 1820; Thomas 8. Patterson, re-elected in 1821; John Davis and Abraham Williams, in 1823, and both re- | electad in 1826; Daniel Swickard and Joseph Moore, in . worship of its own. 1829. These were all the justices of the peace elected prior to 1830. THE CHURCH OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST was organized in Plain township, in 1826. Among the early pioneer members of the church were Daniel and Catharine Cramer, Jacob and Catharine Wagner, Fred- eric and Christina Henry, Rev. John and Mary Clymer, and George and Eva Cramer. Of this number there is but one living, namely: George Cramer. The early min- isters were George ——, Bishop Samuel Heistand, J.ewis Cramer, Bishop John Russell, Benjamin Moore, Elias Vandenmark, Bishop William Hanby, William Hastings, and John Montgomery. Two are still living— Elias Vandenmark and ex-Bishop Wm. Hanby, The church, in its early days, worshipped in the log cabin of the set- tlers, and in school-houses, and, besides, held annual camp meetings. The church has three organized socie- ties in Plain township, each of which has a house of Franklin chapel is a large and well- built brick structure, and was erected in 1836, at a cost of one thousand, one hundred dollars. The trustees were Jacob Wagner, Frederic Henry, Ezekiel Park, George Cramer, and M. F. Clymer. The pastor, at the time the church was built, was W. W. Davis, now dead. The church was dedicated by Bishop William Hanby. The present trustees of the church are: George Wagner, J. P. Coil, Jacob Henry, Jacob Alspach, and G. F. Cum- mins. ‘The pastor is Rev. S. Manger; J. B. Resler, pre- siding elder. The present membership is eighty-seven. Mount Pleasant chapel was built in the year 1857, at a cost of about nine hundred dollars. It is a good brick structure, well furnished. The building trustees were Martin Swickard, Jacob Swickard, and George Dague. The present trustees are John Martin, Frederic and Noah Swickard; George Dague, pastor; J. B. Resler, presiding elder. The number of members is forty-six. Rocky Fork chapel is a small framed structure, which has been used as a house of worship for many years. The trus- tees of this society are J. E. Park, Levi Baughman, Abraham Crist, Peter Searfass, and W. F. Park. The church numbers forty-two members. Among them are Ezekiel Park, who has been connected with the church about fifty yéars, and Abraham Crist, who has been a member for forty-three years. ‘The pastor and presiding elder of this society are the same as those of the other two. The total membership of the three societies is one hundred and seventy-five. METHODISM. The circuit now called New Albany circuit, having but five appointments, was formerly called Blendon circuit, and embraced in its territory Johnstown, Alexandria, Reynoldsburgh, Pickerington, Galena, and Worthington It was larger than the present district, containing several circuits and stations, now called Columbus district. Plain chapel was built in 1836, at a cost of twelve hun- dred dollars. ‘The first Methodist Episcopal church, of Plain, was organized prior to that date. The early min- 414 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. isters were James Casper, Charles Waddell, Russel Bige- loe, Samuel P. Shaw, Nathan Emery, John Clark, David Whitcomb, James Ferree, Abner Goff, Jacob Young, Olive O. Spencer, Joseph Trunble, Uriah Heath, James Gilneth, Andrew Perkins, Andrew Murphey; and those later were David Lewis, William Porter, George G. West, Sheldon Parker, Isaac Williams, James Gurley, Alexan- der Mehamey, Samuel C. Riker, William Pitzger, John Miller, James Ellis, Joseph Adair, John White, J. Q. Lakin, J. and Ralph Watson. Under the administration of Andrew Murphey, at a protracted meeting of nine wecks’ duration, one hundred and one persons professed religion, and nearly all connected themselves with the Methodist Episcopal church. The church has now but fifteen members, having been reduced by deaths and re- movals. The present board of trustees are Jacob Will- iams, Isaiah Needles, John S. Miller, Wellington Landon, Oliver Waters, and C. W. Williams; Isaac B. Williams, secretary. NEW ALBANY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. About 1805 or 1806, Joshua Williams, then living where the village of Galena, Delaware county, now is, began to preach in Plain township, at the Baughman cabin, and continued until 1808, when the Revs. Benja- min Lakin and John Grave began to visit the settlement as regular appointees. The station did not enjoy great prosperity, and no society was organized, or appointment maintained, in the neighborhood. A class was organized at Archibald Smith’s in 1934, and another at the school- house a half mile north of New Albany. The class in the Smith neighborhood was composed of the following persons: Archibald Smith and wife, Mary Evans, Isaac Smith and wife, Roland Evans, James Smith and wife, and John Hughes. In 1846, the Revs. G. G. West and Sheldon Parker opened an appointment which com- bined the class from the Smith settlement and one from Jefferson township. They continued preaching, at the school-house north of New Albany, until 1848, when the present church edifice in the village was completed, and a great revival was held there, which inaugurated the es- tablishment of Methodism in New Albany. The church has ever since becn maintained, in a fair degree of pros- perity, and at present numbers one hundred and three members. The present pastor is Rev. R. Watson. George Goodrich is local preacher, Job Wilson and Joseph Goodrich are stewards, and Job Wilson, Joseph Good- rich, George Cisco, and W. K. Lvans, class lcaders. Js N. Browning is superintendent of the Sunday-school. The church trustees are: David Quinn, George Good- rich, Joseph Goodrich, J. N. Smith, Homer Smith, Isaac Browning, Joseph Cisco, and Nelson Wilkins. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH was organized July 13, 1848, the ministers present being Revs. H. L. Hitchcock, of Columbus, J. Harrison, of Reynoldsburg, S. H. Rose, of Alexandria, and M. B. Starr, a missionary in this field. The charter members were James M. and Sarah Woodruff, Naman and Rox- anna Case, Charles Pettit and wife, Louisa Landon, Louis Hard and wife, Matilda Stedman and Susan J. Marvin. The first officers were: Deacons, James Wood- ruff and Naman Case; trustees, Naman Case, Charles Pettit, ZT. Guerin; clerk, Louis Hard. The first minister was the Rev. Milton B. Starr. The first sacra- ment of the Lord’s Supper was administered October 14, 1848. The council was organized by the appointment of Rev. H. L. Hitchcock as chairman, and Rev. Milton Starr, scribe. The present officers are as follows: Dea- con, Thomas Simmond; trustees, Thomas Simmond, John Ross, Rowland Phelps; clerk, G. E. Simmond. The church has no regular pastor. THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION has a small wooden church in the northwestern part of the township. The church society was organized early in the history of the township, and its first members were Christian Bevelheimer, Peter Quinn, Daniel Swickard, Christian Horlocker, Daniel Stauffer, Samuel and Sarah Rigel, and Conrad Cring. THE PHYSICIANS of the village are: Sylvester W. Ranney, I. N. Smith, and A. B. Beem, the later late of Licking county. Dr. Ranney graduated from the Sterling medical college, of Columbus, in 1836, and has been in practice in New Albany ever since. Dr. Smith was born in the township, and is a son of Archibald Smith. He graduated in Cin- cinnati, and has been in practice in the village for over two years. The physicians who have practiced in the township are: Z. F. Guerin, Henry Goodrich (who was a soldier in the war of 1812, and is still a resident of the township), Dr. McGill, David Camp, Stephen and Charles Stimpson, father and son, Dr. Ward, Frank Brooks, Dr. Gilchrist, Dr. Mitchell, Dr. Anderson, now of Gahanna, and Dr. Holmes, now in Florida. TEMPERANCE. As early as 1820 there was a temperance agitation in this township, a thing quite unusual at that time in the Ohio settlements. Abraham Williams was the leading spirit in the reform. Meetings were held to test the feel- ing of the community in regard to the matter of dispens- ing with whiskey at raisings, husking-bees, etc. It was found that many were in favor of prohibiting the use of liquor on such occasions, but as the inhabitants were by no Means unanimous in that decision, no definite action was taken, and at most of the social gatherings, and oc- casions of united labor, whiskey was furnished as in the other settlements, at an carly day. Later, about 1835, there was another flurry of temperance feeling which soon subsided, however, and left, probably, a residue of good. Meetings were held, at this time, at Jacob Wagner’s. MILLS. There is, and has been, no grist-millin the township. The first saw-mill was built on Rocky fork in 1827, by Daniel Kramer. The next was erected on Black lick near his present residence, by Archibald Smith. It was put in operation in 1834, and was continued in use about fifteen years. Christian Bevelheimer and Daniel Swick- ard built mills at later dates. The only permanent or stationary mill, at present, in (PHOTOS ay ELUOTT & OH Fifetia O, GEORGE. W. TRIPLETT was born in Plain township, Franklin county, Nov. 22, 1818. His father, Daniel Triplett, emigrated from Leesburg, Loudoun county, Va., and settled in Ohio in 1816. Here he married Sarah Archer, who came from New Jersey several years previously. Before his marriage he had purchased the first section of six hundred and forty acres in Plain township, where he remained during his life. To them were born three children, one son and two daughters, of whom George W. Triplett was the eldest. George W. Triplett, the subject of this sketch, obtained an education at the subscription and select schools of the day, and Oct. 30, 1848, married Agnes Jolly, daughter of Rev. William H. Jolly, a Universalist minister, who was among the first of To Mr. and Mrs. Triplett were born five children, as fol- that denomination to settle in the State. lows: Arthur, born .June 29, 1849; married Mary Montgomery, and lives in Harlem township, Dela- ware county. lives with her Florence, born Dec. 25, 1850; parents on the home place. Alice, born May 11, 1853; died Sept. 20, 1854. George, born April 9, 1862; lives at home with his parents. Pearl, born May 13, 1868; also at home. Immediately after their marriage, George W. Triplett and his wife settled on his father’s farm, which became his by inheritance after the death of his father‘in 1859. He has spent his life on the farm on which he was born, and has always taken great interest in all matters pertaining to agricul- tural pursuits, in which he has achieved merited success. His farm of two hundred and twenty acres is well appointed and well tilled, and the home occupied by himself and family, a neat brick resi- It is situated a mile and a half northeast of New Albany, and is well portrayed in the representation accompanying this sketch. Portraits of George W. Triplett and Mrs. Agnes Triplett, his wife, also appear in this dence, is kept in excellent order. connection. RESIDENCE or GEO. W.TRIPLETT, PLAIN TP, FRANKLIN Co, 0. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. the township is the steam saw-mill in the southeastern part of the township, owned by Martin Ealey. Beside the Brooks tile factory, this is the only mechanical in- dustry in the township. POST-OFFICE. There is but one post-office in the township, and that is at New Albany. It is named Hope, and was estab- lished in 1838. The first postmaster was Daniel Lan- don, commissioned May 15, 1838, and continued by re- appointment until April 15, 1853. master is John W. Goodrich. THE VILLAGE OF NEW ALBANY, The present post- located a little south and east of the center of the town- ship, was laid out in May, 1837, by Daniel Landon and William Yantis, each being the owner of one half of the land laid out in lots. The village had quite a prosper- ous growth for a few years, and was of considerable ad- vantage to the country round about. The village was incorporated. In April, 1856, was held the first charter election, which resulted in the choice of the following officers: S. Ogden, mayor; C. S. Ogden, recorder; F. Johnson, J. McCurdy, C. Baughman, A. B. Beem, S. Stinson, councilmen; R. Phelps, marshal. Following are the officers elected in 1879: James Carpenter, mayor, Miles H. DeWitt, clerk; John Ulery, marshal; J. W. Goodrich, treasurer; E. Rice, L. Hines, Alexander Car- penter, G. D. Ulery, D. Quinn, Isaac Browning, council- ' cost of three thousand dollars. As men; Christopher Horlocker, commissioner. The village is a special school district. A good school building of brick, two stories in height, was erected in 1872, at a The building trustees were 5. W. Ranney, Ceorge W. Holmes, J. W. Good- rich, J. J. Boston, Louis Hine, and H. H. McCurdy. The first superintendent after the new school-house was built, was R. P. Mills. The schools have at present about fifty pupils, and are in a very satisfactory condition, under the superintendency of Mr. Homer Smith, son of Archibald Smith. New Albany has two hotels, kept by A. J. Fix, and G. D. Ulery; three stores, F. Johnston’s, D. Quinn’s, and John W. Goodrich’s. Mr. Johnston has been in business in the village since 1854. Wagon- making is carried on by Alexander Carpenter, and Zacha- riah McGuire; blacksmithing by Miles H. DeWitt, and Louis Hine; and shoemaking by William Johnston. OTHER VILLAGES. Loren Hills, and Lester Humphrey, in 1826, laid out a village plat on the Granville road, near where New Al- bany now is, and named it “Lafayetteville,” but no improvements were made there, and the ground was, a few years later, given back to agriculture. Francis Clymer laid out a village in 1835, upon his farm, and named it Mount Pleasant, but this, too, was a failure, and was abandoned. BROWN. This township is bounded on the north by Canaan township, Madison county, and Washington; west by Ca- naan and Jefferson townships, in the same county; south by Prairie, and east by Norwich, Washington, and Jeffer- son townships. The surface presents the same level plain which characterizes the townships comprising this portion of Franklin county, except along the extreme western boundary, where it is cut by numerous small ravines. It has no stream of water, except Big Darby creek. This flows along the entire western line of the township, and was considered, in the early settlement, of much im- portance. The soil is mainly gravel, though in some portions a black loam predominates. In productiveness, the town- ship is fully up to the average. Michael Sullivant and Lyne Starling formerly owned | much of the land in this township. SETTLEMENT. The first settlement of Brown township was made along Big Darby creek, and began in, perhaps, 1808 or 181o- 1 I The eastern portion remained a dense wilderness, unti as late as 1840. The writer is unable to state to whom belongs the honor of having been the first settler in Brown township. Adam Blount was one of the earliest settlers. He was from Virginia. Joseph Belchey, a son-in-law, came with him. John Patterson, also from Virginia, located here, about the same time, but, after a few years, returned to his for- mer home. John Hayden, a native of Pennsylvania, came from Hamilton county, in 1818, locating upon the farm now occupied by Jacob High, in Brown township, and here he died, in March, 1827. He was twice married. The children, by the first wife were: Elizabeth, David, Isaac, and Rachel, who are all deceased, except the eldest, now the widow of Dr. Rathbun, from whom the writer ob- ' tained the principal items of early history for the town- ship. The children of John Hayden, by the second marriage, were: Hannah, William B., Nancy, Joseph, Jeremiah, and Sarah, only one of whom is living. James Boyd, from Tennessee, settled in the township 416 in 1820. None of the family now live in the township. James Rinier, a native of Pennsylvania, settled in Brown township, in 1822. to Hamilton county. Knowlton Bailey settled in the township quite early. Obil Beach, whose wife was Elizabeth Kilbourn, came from Vermont to Ohio, in 1817, and located near Plain city, Madison county, where he died, as did also his wife. The children were: Susan, Amos, Marova, Uri, Am- brose, Rhoda, Sarah, Lorenzo, Roswell, and Obil O. and Orin O. (twins). Two of Uri’s children live in Brown township— Malona C. (Mrs. John Kilgore), and Uni, who married Elleanor Downing. Chauncey Beach, a son of Ambrose, who married Elizabeth Kilgore, also lives in Brown township. Jacob Frances and wife, Winnie Adams, were natives of Virginia. Early in the present century they settled in Athens county, Ohio. After living there a few years, the family located in Madison county, and, in 1825, made purchase of the land in Brown township, now oc- cupied by a son, Henry. This was covered with a dense wood, but by determined and well directed effort, this has disappeared, and in its stead, we find broad acres, whose product yields a rich return to the husbandman. Mr. Francis died in August, 1840, and his wife some two years later. The children were as follows: Elizabeth, John, Sarah, Mary, Joseph, Henry, Nancy, Winnie, Hes- ter, Jacob, and James. One only lives in the township: Henry, who married Elizabeth Hunter, now occupies the old homestead. From this gentleman the writer ob- tained the following names of settlers who were living in the township in 1825: George and Ananias Harris, Ben- jamin Morris, John Ross, and Samuel Ballinger. Jai.es Huggett came about the same time. Abram Reece and Theresa king, his wife, were from Virginia, and came to Franklin county in 1812. Ten years later they removed to Madison county, where they lived until 1831, when they located permanently in this township. The farm is still occupied by the heirs. Mr. Reece died May 5, 1875, and his wife September 2, 1860. ‘There were ten children in the family, six only of whom are now alive, and but three reside in this county: Rob- ert, who married Sarah A. Slyh; David, not marricd, and Wilson, who marricd Jane Walker. All of these sons were soldiers in the Union army during the rebellion. Henry C. Alder, whose wife was Mlizabeth Patterson, is a grandson of Jonathan Alder, of whom we learn as follows: In March, 1782, he and his brother, David, were in the woods, near their home, in what is now West Virginia, when they were surprised by a party of Indians, and Jonathan, being but a mere boy (nine years of age), was easily captured. ‘The brother ran, but was thrust through with a spear, killed, and afterwards scalped, Jonathan was finally adopted by the S/azvcee tribe, and lived with the wife of Colonel Lewis, one of the chiefs. In June, subsequent to his capture, occurred the defeat of Crawford. After Wayne’s victory, Alder, having in the meantime matried an Indian woman, came to live on Big Darby creek. He became dissatisfied with his After a few years, he moved wife, and, after considerable trouble, succeeded in effect- . HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. | ing a separation, when he returned to his family in Vir- ginia, where he married Mary Blount, with whom he re- turned to his former home on Big Darby creek, in Mad- ison county, and here he died in about 1850. A son, Henry, purchased in 1835, the farm in Brown township where Henry C. Alder now lives. Jonathan Alder lived with the Indians twenty-four years, and when he left them could talk but little English. Thomas Kilgore was born in Pennsylvania, soon after which event his parents removed to Kentucky. In 1798 they came to Ohio, and for a few years, lived at Chilli- cothe, ‘Thomas came to Madison county. He married Jane Patterson, and located in Canaan township, some two miles southwest of Plain city. Here he died on January 9, 1873. His wife died June 5, 1863. Of the eight children composing the family, three settled in Brown township: John, who married Malone C. Beach; Sarah, who became the wife of Jeremiah Sherwood, now deceased, and Elizabeth, who married Chauncey Beach. John Lloyd and wife, Margaret Evans, were natives of Wales. They were married there on Saturday, and the following Monday, took passage for America. They ar- rived in Columbus on June 1, 1840, and the latter part of the same month, located in Brown township, erecting the log cabin a short distance from where stands the substantial brick dwelling now occupied by the family. He now owns five hundred and sixty acres of land, which he purchased in a wild state, paid for by honest labor, and has the greater part of it cleared, and under cultiva- tion. His wife died .\ugust 9, 1878. The children were Mary (who is deceased), John, Elizabeth, Richard, Mar- garet, David and Anna. N. E. Ferris who married Maria L. Samuels, located in Brown township in 1840. He became prominent among its best citizens. He died March 23, 1879. None of his children live in the township. John Helser purchased the farm he now occupies, in 1944. His wife was Elizabeth Hendell. ‘Two of his sons live in the township: Levi W., who married Mary Brant, and Frank, whose wife was Mary Schofield. Wilham Winegardner, and Daniel and Nathan Walker settled in the township about the same period as the above, and now occupy a prominent place in the town- ship. John McCoy and wife, Elizabeth Bell, came from Har- rison county, Ohio, to Brown township, in 1849. He purchased a tract of wild land, consisting of five hundred acres in the southern portion of the township. This is now occupied by his descendants. He died in 1864, and his widow now resides in West Jefferson, Ohio. The children were Jane (Mrs. Judge Clark), John, Col- more, Jacob, James, Alexander, William, Hannah (Mrs. D. Priest), and Mary A. (Mrs. B. Carson), Charles A. Holmes came with his parents from New York to Kirtland, Lake county, Ohio, early in its settle- ment. ‘lhe Mormons became unpleasantly numerous, and in 1856 he sold and located in the eastern portion of Brown township, then all woods. He married Mary J. Verris, anative of Columbus. Mr. Holmes died October Lf Woolley HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. SOLOMON JACKSON WOOLLEY. This gentleman, in some respects, one of the most re- markable characters in Franklin county, is a native of the Buckeye State, born near Zanesville, Muskingum county, on the twelfth day of January, 1828, the first son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Askins) Woolley, poor but very worthy people, to whom our hero owes many of his traits and much excellent early training. Mr. Woolley describes his mother as “not an educated woman, but a woman of remarkable natural abilities.” On her father’s side, she was of Holland descent, and her ancestors, in- cluding her father and grandfather, had been people of considerable substance in Amsterdam, where they car- ried on a large manufactory of silks, linens, etc. Jacob Askins, her father, during a commercial voyage to Eng- land, some time in the last century, was overtaken by a terrible storm, which so disabled the vessel upon which he was a passenger that she drifted for several months at the mercy of the winds and waves, and was finally driven across the Atlantic, and cast a wreck upon the shores of Virginia, nearly all originally on board having perished. Mr. Askins, then still a young man, was among the survivors, but was deterred by his dreadful experiences from again venturing upon the sea, and decided to settle in the new world, to which he had so strangely emigrated. He settled in Loudoun county in the Old Dominion, mar- ried a Miss Shafer, and after some years, removed to Washington, Guernsey county, Ohio, where he reared his family, including Elizabeth, who was the mother of S. J. Woolley. Mr. Woolley’s ancestors on the father’s side were English, but emigrated from the“ mother country long before the Revolutionary war, and were among the first settlers of New Jersey. Jacob Woolley, his grand- father, removed to Athens county, Ohio, when that part of the State was almost an unbroken wilderness, and settled upon what is now called Jonathan’s creek. His son, Isaac, father of the subject of this sketch, was bred a stone-cutter, and afterwards spent most of his time away from the paternal home, working at his trade. After his first marriage, which was to a Miss Stokely, of Muskingum county, he settled on a place of his own near Zanesville, from which he removed, when Solomon was but one year old, to another, three miles from Ames- ville, in Ames township, Athens county, on a branch of Federal creek, where most of his family were reared. By this marriage he had several sons, half-brothers of Solomon, who, in after years, generously remembered them, as will be presently and more fully recorded. Their mother died while they were young, and Mr. Wool- ley, in the year 1827, took Miss Elizabeth Askins to wife. Several years afterwards, he sold the Athens county farm, and purchased another in Star township, Hocking county, where he resided for many years. Solomon was still very young at the time of the removal, but rendered all the assistance he could in the labors of the farm, and in due time, as the half-brothers, one after another, grew to manhood and went away, he took upon himself its chief burdens, as his father was absent a large part of the time, pursuing his vocation of stone-cutter. He found little time or opportunity for schooling, nine months in eee eae all, or three terms of about three months each, in the primitive country schools of that day, comprising the whole of his formal education. Until he was fourteen years of age, he had never had an howr’s training in school. About that time the people of the neighbor- hood spontaneously agreed that they ought to have a school-house, and forthwith set about the erection of a rude affair, which was ready for occupancy within a fort- night after the vote to build it was taken. Mr. Woolley thus pleasantly describes this antique structure: “The architecture of this school-house did not correspond with that of the present day. It was made of round logs, with a clap-board roof, laid on loose, with weight-poles on top, to hold the clap-boards down; the floor was laid with what we called puncheons-—a trec split in wide pieces, from two to eight inches thick, and hewn on one side; the chim- ney was made at one end, of stone, and we gathered up enough news- papers to paste over the windows, in place of glass; the paper, being oiled, transmitted a very mellow light. Slabs, or boards, were fastened around the walls, for our writing desks, and pins upon the walls to hang our hats anddinners on. Our seats were made of small trees, split in two, with the split side dressed, and four pins, or legs, underneath, making each of the proper height for a seat." The schools kept in such buildings in those days, were of the kind, long since passed away in this State, known as “subscription schools.” Miss Rebecca Prindle was the first teacher in this school, and so young Woolley’s the preceptor, except his mother, from whom he had already received, as he subsequently learned, valuable instruction at home. The old-fashioned spelling-school was held by her once every week in term-time. In the summer he attended a Sabbath-school nearly four miles from his home. He was even now remarked as different from other young people of his age, preferring to associate with men rather than boys, and poring over his book at noon-time, during recesses, and in spare hours at home, rather than engage in play as the othersdid. He learned rapidly within the limited round of studies to which his opportunities confined him, and has since considerably redeemed his early deficiencies by persistent and careful reading, and is now fairly accounted among well-disci- plined and well-informed men. When but sixteen yearsof age, young Woolley achieved a notable business and industrial triumph. Through bad management his father’s finances became involved, and he was compelled to borrow four hundred dollars at ten per cent. interest, giving a mortgage upon his farm by way of security. A year rolled speedily around, and nothing was realized toward the extinguishment of the debt. It was considered in the neighborhood inevitable that the mortgagee would get the place by foreclosure. At this crisis Solomon came to the rescue, and proposed that while his father should continue at his trade for the sup- port of the family, he would undertake the sole charge of the farm (one hundred and sixty acres) in a vigorous effort to make enough to lift the mortgage. It was agreed to. Within eighteen months the full sum must be raised, and Solomon saw that with the best of manage- ment it was only possible to effect it by sowing most of the land to wheat, and that then, with a good harvest and fair price, success was certain. He had not only the en- tire responsibility to shoulder, but almost the entire labor to do, since his adult half-brothers had now all gone HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. from home, and his younger brothers were too small to be of much service. He buckled fearlessly and stoutly, however, to his task. Beginning his day of labor at four o’clock, he worked three hours until breakfast, and then, with brief intermissions for dinner and supper, he he kept on until dark and on moonlight nights until far into the evening. His faithful toil, though it brought him many hours of weariness and somewhat impaired his health, met with its reward. It turned out to be “a good wheat year,” and Solomon’s crop—‘‘good, well-filled grains, of a superior quality”—-was the finest in that region. Wheat, too, was higher than usual, and he sold for a good price. Consequently, when the mortgage fell due, he had the proud satisfaction of releasing it in full, and presenting it to his lately burdened and anxious, but now overjoyed and grateful parents. His first commercial venture, however—an enterprise which was taken in hand as soon as the troubles and labors induced by the mortgage were well out of the way—was not so fortunate. In the spring of 1845, he discovered an earthly substance upon his father’s place, which turned red in course of burning or baking, and which, after sundry experiments, he concluded would be an acceptable substitute for Spanish brown or Venetian red. As soon as his big wheat crop was disposed of, he set about the erection of a horse-mill for grinding the stuff, though he had not the slightest experience as a mill-wright, and in his effort incurred the risk of un- limited ridicule from his neighbors. It was finished in about six months, and did run successfully, notwith- standing the unfavorable prophecies of his friends. He prepared about twelve hundred pounds of the new “Spanish brown,” and soon afterwards started with it on his first visit to a large city. ‘Taking a steamer at Pome- roy, he went to Cincinnati, and there made diligent and persistent attempts to sell the novel product. The real article of commerce, however, was bringing but a small price, and all the dealers were fully stocked with it, so that he did not succeed in effecting a single sale, and finally left the whole for sale on commission with the firm of Springman & Son, from whom he does not appear ever to have received a single remittance on its account. His first independent enterprise was thus a flat failure. Young Woolley made no complaint, but returned quietly to his rural home, where he remained, the last of his regular residence beneath the old roof-tree, during the winter of 1845-6. , The next spring, at his own solicitation, he went to Chauncey to learn the trade of cabinet-making, but left it shortly for the purpose of enlisting among the volun- teers in the Mexican war. Visiting home, however, be- fore enlistment, he there met with so much opposition that he changed his plans, and went to work for two months with Mr. H. Kanode at Logan, Hocking county. He then served Mr Alvin Finney as a laborer for a month, when he went to Chillicothe, and obtained em- ployment in a slaughter-house for a short time. He had now got about twenty dollars ahead, and determined to embark in book-agency, Arranging with a Hartford (Connecticut) firm, the publishers of a “History of the United States,” for a supply of books, he went to Cin- ~ cinnati to procure the first lot shipped to him, and re- turning to Pomeroy, at: once began his journey from house to house, in the effort to sell his wares. It was disheartening work at first, and several days elapsed be- fore a single sale was made. Meanwhile he had re- visited home, and in the neighborhood, by giving ade- quate security—for such was the general want of confid- ence in his success as a book-canvasser, notwithstanding . his financial victory on the farm the year before, that he could get nothing “on time” without giving security— he purchased, on credit, a cheap old horse and the wood-works of a buggy, which he rigged up for his busi- ness, and started out again. He soon began to make sales, and rapidly reaped a tolerabie harvest, selling over one hundred and fifty books in a comparatively short time. He remained at this work until the fall of 1848, traversing parts of Ohio and Virginia, and then intended to launch out more extensively into the business, but was forestalled by a Columbus firm, which secured the general agency for his book for all the western country, and effectually shut him out of the canvass. Mr. Woolley now retired, temporarily, from the book business, but in no way discouraged by his various, re- verses and checks, he determined to make a bold push for the great metropolis of the country, the city of New York, to see what opportunities it had to offer in the way of business. At Kingston in Ross county, he engaged _to accompany a party going with a drove of horses to that city, taking his own horse with the lot. They started about the first of March, 1849. It proved a singularly interesting and eventful journey to the youthful advent- urer. He records, with enthusiastic delight, his observa- tions of scenery, especially in the region traversed by the Alleghenies, of the towns and farming country passed through on their slow journcy to the seaboard, which was reached in about six weeks. After staying at Chatham near New York, ten days, to put the horses in suitable order for market, they were sold, and among them the horse owned by young Woolley, for which he realized seventy-five dollars. He did not engage in any employ- ment in the city, but, after investing most of his means in a lot of brass clocks and some more books, the former of which he had shipped to Fort Wayne, Indiana, and the books to Logan, Ohio, he embarked on the river Hudson for Albany. On the way thither, late at night, the “Empire,” the steamboat on which he had taken passage, came in collision with a schooner heavily loaded with lumber, in Newburg bay, and sank with consider- able loss of life. Mr. Woolley had not yet retired at the time of the collision, and with some difficulty made his escape to the schooner, losing all his clothing, except what he had on, but thankful to escape with life, especially when compelled to view the heart-rending scene of terror, panic, and drowning that speedily succeeded upon and near the “Empire.” Albany was reached in safety upon another steamer the next morning, where cars were taken for Buffalo, and there he took passage on the steamer “ Baltic” for Cleveland, en-route home. Upon this vessel he was destined to meet with another HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. thrilling adventure. When about twelve miles out, the “Baltic” collided with a propeller, which did consider- able damage, and led the captain of the former to return to Buffalo. An inspection of the injury, the next morn- ing, however, resulted ina decision that the vessel might safely proceed on her voyage. She again put to sea,and Cleveland was reached without further incident. Mr. Woolley proceeded thence homeward by stage, receiving generous aid and hospitality, after his money was ex- hausted, from Judge Robison and other friends at Wooster. After resting a few days at home, Mr. Woolley started for Fort Wayne, to sell his clocks. It was now the mid- die of August; the wheat crop of the year had failed, and the cholera had broken out in many places. It was, ap- parently, a very unfavorable season for such operations as his; and the clock peddlars, with which the neighbor- hood of Fort Wayne was then overrun, had already made an unlucky and discouraging canvass of the whole region. But the young speculator was not daunted, and, setting vigorously and intelligently to work, his clocks and books were soon all disposed of, in and about the localities to which they had respectively been consigned. Returning in November, he was able to make an investment in land to the amount of one hundred and eighty acres, in the same township where his family resided. He realized at least one thousand dollars from this one operation. He afterwards made a present of eighty acres from it to Isaac Casey, his half-brother. He now, in the latter part of 1849, at the instance of a friend, Dr. T. P. Jackson, turned his attention to the then comparatively new business of taking portraits by the daguerreotype process. Early in the next year, with an apparatus and stock, purchased in Cincinnati, and only four days’ instruction, received from Mr. V. L. Rich- ardson, a Zanesville artist, at an expense of as many dol- lars, he embarked in this business, to which much of his future life was faithfully and successfully devoted. His beginnings were very small, however. At New Plymouth, ‘his first point, he took no pictures for a week, but had more encouragement the second week, and then moved on to McArthurstown, where he seems to have become disheartened at his poor success, both in getting orders and in managing his chemicals so as to take good por- traits, and sold his apparatus to one G. W. Pitcher. A siege with the chills and fever followed, which lasted about three months. Procuring a larger apparatus than before, Mr. Woolley started out again, and operated, with varying success, at Logan and Amesville, where he again sold out. Purchasing another outfit in Cincinnati, he took it to Virginia (that part of it now West Virginia), where he visited Parkersburgh, Harrisville, Point Pleas- ant, Buffalo, and Ripley, making some progress, but not yet doing very well. It was now January, 1857, and most of this year was spent in another Ohio tour. The next year he took his apparatus and stock down the Ohio river, landed at Henderson, Kentucky, and remained there and at other points in that State for several months. At Madisonville, the county seat of Hopkins county, he saw, for the first time, a slave sold, a young negro girl being struck off at auction by the sheriff. Another place of interest visited was Russellville, the birthplace of the notorious forger, Monroe Edwards. From Kentucky, Mr. Woolley pushed into Tennessee, visiting Nashville, Franklin, Lebanon, Gallatin, and Memphis. At the lat- ter place he took passage on the steamer “Charleston,” for New Orleans, where he embarked upon a gulf steamer for Franklin, in the Attakapas country. In this place he stayed but nine days, returning to New Orleans by way of the Bayou Plaquemine, and thence going to Bayou Sara, where, and at St. Francisville, Morganza, and other places in Northern Louisiana, he operated successfully during the early part of 1853. On the sixteenth of April, at Springville, Louisiana, he was initiated into the mysteries of the Sons of Temperance. He returned to New Orleans the latter part of the month, and there re- embarked for Cincinnati, and the dear old home in Hocking county. A few weeks were passed pleasantly here, and, on Independence day, 1853, he started for New York, to revisit that city and see the World’s fair, then being held in the well-remembered Crystal Palace, in the upper part of the city. During this visit he pur- chased a new instrument for daguerreotyping, and sev- eral hundred dollars’ worth of stock, and returned, as from his former eastern trip, by way of Albany, Buffalo, and Cleveland, but without the perils of the trip of four years previous. He set up his new apparatus at home, and took a large number of portraits, and also operated with much success at Athens and Pomeroy. At the lat- ter place he dropped daguerreotyping for a time, and en- tered upon a new and bold undertaking. Purchasing a flat- boat and its load of sash for one thousand and foity-one dollars, he embarked with it, in person, down the river, having, also, two families, a small party of emigrants, on board. Dropping slowly down the Ohio and Mississippi, at times leaving the frail and uncomfortable vessel and going on to some important point in a steamer, he ar- rived, with his animate and inanimate cargo, after many adventures and dangers, and a thoroughly disagreeable voyage in general, at Memphis. He found that he could sell none of his sash here at a profit, but, nevertheless, disposed of a small amount at this place, and, presently, of a much larger quantity at Vicksburgh. At the latter point he sold the flatboat to the heads of the families on board. His total loss by this venture was about eight hundred dollars, but he considered it a decided advantage to him in the long run. From Vicksburgh, he went to Bayou Sara again, to begin another tour of business as a da- guerrean artist. He operated in a number of towns in this region, and on the twenty-fourth of June reached his first point in Texas, at the pleasant town of Marshall. He remained here over a month, and thence proceeded to what eventually became an extensive tour of the State, which-he found remarkably profitable, and by which he far more than redeemed his recent losses. At Jefferson he sold his apparatus to a Mrs. Hargrave, and then trav- eled, by stage, to Shreveport, where he awaited the ar- rival of another instrument from New York. Re-entering Texas, he made another tour of travel and business in HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. the State during 1855 and a part of 1856, visiting a large number of important towns, and everywhere observing men and things with his characteristic shrewdness and care. About the middle of the latter year, he returned to his father’s home, now removed to a farm, fifteen miles northwest of Columbus. In August, his health having been impaired by his long and arduous labors in a south- ern climate, he went to New York city, to reside for a time at Dr. Taylor’s water-cure establishment, where he soon reaped decided benefit. He had now aceumulated about seven thousand dollars as the gains of honest in- dustry; but aspiring to still higher rank in the profession, he took the opportunity of his short residence in New York city to learn the art of taking portraits on paper and glass, with the then celebrated firm of Meade Brothers. Upon his return, he opened a photograph gal- lery in Columbus, and continued in business there for several months. In October, 1857, he lost, by consump- tion, his own and only brother, to whom he was very greatly attached. The next month he bought a tract of seven hundred acres of land in Brown township, Frank- lin county, about three miles from the present Hilliard’s station, on the Columbus, Cincinnati & Indiana Central railway, the same which he has since developed into the beautiful and very valuable ‘‘Appledale farm.” During this year he took another professional tour through Ohio, and made a second visit to Kentucky, during which, at the State fair, in Henderson, his photographic work was honored with the first premium offered by the society. In December, he revisited Louisiana, and operated there, and in Texas, until the last of June, 1858, when he returned to Columbus, and spent some time and money in improving his new place near Hilliard’s. In November, he again went south, and at Pattersonville, Louisiana, formed a partnership with a Dr. Cissna, and with him built a floating gallery, for business along the rivers and lakes of that region. This arrangement was dissolved the next June, and Mr. Woolley spent the rest of the summer in Ohio, occupying a part of it with the erection of a handsome marble monument over the re- mains of his brother. In the fall of this year (1839), he made more ample preparations for business, by the en- gagement of Mr. Asa Bushby, a landscape and _ portrait painter of some note, to travel with him, color pictures, and perform such other duties as his special talents and training fitted him for. With him another and final southern trip was projected, and the pair arrived at Alex- andria, Louisiana, on the twenty-sixth of December, where they remained two months, and afterwards visited one or two points in Texas, when Mr. Bushby, disgusted with southern experiences, although they paid well, withdrew and returned to his home in Massachusetts. Mr. Wool- ley continued the tour in the Lone Star State, with greater success than ever, making in a single month, at Bonham, for example, nearly six hundred dollars net profit. This trip kept him away from home for many months, being the longest absence he had had; and he did not come north until after the great drama of the Rebellion had opened, when he took passage on the “Grey Eagle,” the last boat which was allowed by the rebels to leave New Orleans for the north, and reached Columbus in safety, about the first of June. By this one trip, extending over something less than two years, he had netted about five thousand dollars. His traveling business, now for a time over, Mr. Woolley settled down to the improvement of his large tract in Franklin county. It had originally been ex- ceedingly swampy and rough—apparently about the most hopeless piece of landed property in that part of the country; and the neighbors scouted the idea of his be- ing able to make any thing of it. They expected to see him “pour money down a rat hole,” and prophesied that he would sink his entire fortune amid its bogs. He set, resolutely to work, however, clearing, draining, planting an orchard, etc., until, by successive improvements from year to year, he has made this once forbidding tract one of the most productive and valuable farming properties in Ohio. Early realizing that an immense amount of drainage must be done, he purchased and set up a tile- mill on his own premises, which has been sufficient to equip fifteen or sixteen miles of tile-drain on his farm, as well as to fill numerous orders for his neighbors. His success in the reclamation of this unpromising purchase (made from Mr. M. L. Sullivant, the great Ellinois farmer, at fifteen dollars per acre), is one of the most noteworthy features of his career, and has, of itself, sufficed to make his name known far and wide. In 1862 Mr. Woolley determined to do something of his old work inside the army lines. Proceeding to Fay- etteville, Virginia, he opened a gallery in such rooms as were to be had. The provost marshal here at this time was Col. R. B. Hayes, now president of the United States, from whom Mr. Woolley received sundry favors. Driven from house to house, however by the necessities of’ mili- tary occupation, he was finally forced to fit up a cow shed for his artistic operations. He remained here through the winter and most of the spring, leaving on the fifteeth of May for home. He now had his aged and infirm parents removed to his own farm, near Hilliard’s, where they dicd in due course of nature, and were remembered by their son, by way of external honor, in the erection of a noble monument, of Scotch grey stone, standing six- teen feet high, and built at a cost of eight hundred dol- lars. He afterwards operated inside the army lines, at Corinth, Mississippi, having now a photographic tent of his own, one hundred by twenty-five feet in size, the largest of the kind then used anywhere with the army. He was here during the battle of Corinth, October 3, 1862, in which he lost a nephew, killed in the ranks, whose remains he had decently buried in the cemetery at that place. His health was very poor while here, and he was unable to work more than half the time; yet, by careful superintendence of four picture-rooms which he had established in and about Corinth, he cleared over three thousand dollars in this one venture. In 1863 he operated at Memphis and other points; but was compelled, by the state of his health, to spend part of this and sev- eral after years at the water-cure, in New York city, be- fore mentioned. While on his way to Little Rock, Ar- kansas, in the fall of the year, he had a narrow escape HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. from capture by the rebels—a large steamer, in full sight of that upon which he was, being taken and destroyed by them. At this place he remained until May, 1864, and cleared four thousand dollars. During the following summer, at the request of his fellow-townsmen and on the commission of the governor, he undertook a recruit- ing expedition among the negroes at the south, to raise men to fill the quota of Brown township. He visited many points in Tennessee and Alabama for this purpose; but the field had been too persistently and diligently gleaned, and he returned without success, but generously bearing all his own expenses, and returning every penny of the three thousand seven hundred dollars raised in the township for the procurement of recruits. His career in the portrait business was now ended, as he supposed, and he was to give thenceforth his entire time and attention to the development of his home prop- erty. In the fall of 1867, however, his health compelled him to go to Dr. Trall’s water-cure, at St. Anthony, Min- nesota, to spend the winter. He took his photographic apparatus along and opened a room in that place, where it was destroyed by fire shortly aftewards. Much sym- pathy was expressed for him at Dr. Trall’s, and offers of pecuniary aid were made, which he, of course, declined, and returned to his home the March following, His life since has been comparatively uneventful. Although an ardent and unswerving Republican since the birth of the party he has declined to go actively into politics, and has invariably refused office, although frequently tendered him, except once, when he accepted a petty township office rather than pay the penalty with which he was threatened; and he has also filled some school offices in his township. He has not spent much time upon secret societies, but was made a Free and Accepted mason in 1857, at Logan, Hocking county; and is the original granger of Franklin county, having been instumental in securing the organization of the first grange of the Patrons of Husbandry within its borders. In religion he has long been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is fairly orthodox in his views, yet an independent thinker, with broad sympathies and liberal tendencies. He isa vegetarian in his dietetic belief; but is by no means rigid or troublesome in the application of his principles, at the home table or elsewhere. His feelings are strongly with any society for the prevention of cruelty to animals. While still a boy, he notes the killing by his shot of one of the deer that abounded in the forest adjoining his early home; but declares that “the poor thing made such a pitiful crying that I could never be induced to shoot at another.” He would not rob or tear up a bird’s nest, or allow other boys to touch one. Some humane views of his on this subject of killing birds, communi- cated to the Ohio Farmer a number of years ago, were very kindly received and led to his engagement as regular correspondent of that paper—an arrangement which was maintained with mutual satisfaction for six or seven years. He has also written much, mainly agricul- tural topics, for the ational Agriculturist; the American Patron; the Western Rural, of Chicago; the Dirigo Rural, of Bangor, Maine; the Western Patron, of Findlay, Ohio; the Southern Agriculturist, of Columbia, South Carolina; the Germantown (Pennsylvania) Telegraph ; the Ohio State Journal, of Columbus; and the Drainage and Farm Journal, of Indianapolis, Indiana. To the topic largely treated by the last named, as indicated by its title, he has given especial attention; and his writings thereon, growing as they do out of his large practical ex- perience, have especial value. One communication of his, traversing an opinion expressed by the Drainage and Farm Journal, converted the editor of that magazine, and brough it into harmony with Mr. Woolley’s views. In 1878, an essay upon drainage, prepared by him, took the prize of twenty-five dollars, offered by the State board of agriculture, for the best paper upon this theme; and it will be found printed in full in the report of the Board for that year. His writings, although devoid of rhetor- ical effect and making no attempt at exhibition of scholar- ship, have proved thorougly acceptable and useful to sensible, practical men. Of late years, Mr. Woolley has given much attention to the growth of Devon cattle and Southdown sheep, from the sale of which he has realized large sums. About the only designation in the way of businesss which he himself, as indicated by the return-card upon his envel- opes, is “Proprietor of the Appledale Herd of Devon Cattle.” With his vegetarian proclivities, he would not be likely to neglect fruit-raising; and the orchard which was among his first improvements nearly twenty years ago, with subsequent additions, is now in fine bearing condition, and is a very valuable feature of the property. It comprises about forty acres, mainly set to apples and pears, producing, of the former alone, about four hundred bushels last year. Mr. Woolley is a quiet, self-contained man, not famil- iar in his manners, nor easy in the formation of acquaint- ances; yet he is thoroughly faithful and tenacious in his friendships. His retiring nature is not the result of timidity or lack of nerve, as his long and courageous battle with the fiickle Dame Fortune would indicate, as also the following incident: About two years ago, while engaged in cider-making, the end of a forefinger was un- luckily smashed. It needing immediate attention, as he thought, and disdaining to await the services of a physi- cian, he had his pocket-knife taken out and opened by a friend, and then coolly and deliberately amputated his finger at the first joint. It healed up without difficulty, “at the first intention,” and presents a more sightly ap- pearance than most of the fingers which the doctors amputate. His practical benevolence to his relatives is also well worth a note. The gift of an eighty-acre farm to a half- brother has already been recorded. To another he pres- ented a farm in Union county, of one hundred acres, worth four thousand dollars; and to a brother-in-law he gave another farm in the same county, of sixty acres, held at three thousand dollars. In the later years of his parents he also voluntarily relinquished a mortgage which he had taken on their farm, to save it from falling into the hands of designing men, and handed the place over to them unincumbered. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. z In response to the great desire of his many friends in | | locker, at the residence of the latter, near Groveport. Ohio and elsewhere, Mr. Woolley is now engaged in writ- ing an autobiography. It is almost finished, and pro- mises to be a volume of great interest, not only to those with whom his own life has come in contact, but to those who desire to see the record of a life devoted to the honest pursuit of life’s great ends and works, and all beautiful with generosity, kindness, and truth. Mr. Woolley was united in the holy bonds of matri- mony August 30, 1869, to Miss Fannie Virginia Crom- well, also of Franklin county, by the Rev. Daniel Hor- In August and September, 1876, they took a pleasant trip to the Centennial exposition at Philadelphia, visiting on their way Harper’s Ferry, Valley Forge, Mount Vernon, and other interesting historic points. In their pleasant home at “Appledale,” enjoying the fruits of their labor, and with the promise of a serene and sunny course and ending of life, we now bid them farewell. —APPLEDALE “DEVON «STOCK - FARM. RES. OF S.e% ZA00LCEY - APPLEDALE TILE WORKS, S. J. WOOLLEY, PROP’R, BROWN TP., FRANKLIN CO., OHIO. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 4, 1874. The children were Nancy M. (deceased), Anna E. (Mrs. James Vanschoyck), and Wilbur C., who lives on the home farm. PHYSICIANS. The first doctor, to permanently locate in Brown town- ship, was John Rathbun, in 1839. Dr. Rathbun was a skilful practitioner, and a valued member of the com- munity. His practice was extensive and lucrative. At this time but one physician resides in the township, D. H. Welling, who is a graduate of the Eclectic college at Cincinnati, in the class of 1876 and 1877. Dr. Welling is spoken of as devoted to the profession of his choice, and a rising practitioner. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. Under this head the writer finds little to record, as Brown is exclusively an agricultural township. In 1837 Isaac Hayden erected a saw-mill on Big Darby creek, the first in the township, not a vestage of which now re- mains. Numerous steam saw-mills have had an existence in the township; they were of the portable variety. The only manufacturing establishment now in this township is the tile and brick works, which were established by S. J. Woolley, some fourteen years since. The location is on the Hilliard pike, in the northwest part of the town- ship. Mr. Woolley does a large business; employing twelve men, and having invested, in real estate, build- ings, etc., ten thousand dollars. His sales for 1878, ag- gregated four thousand dollars. Mr. Woolley is among the prominent farmers in the township; his farm com- prising six hundred acres of land, forty of which is in orcharding. He also pays considerable attention to the breeding of Devon cattle. EARLY EVENTS. The first frame house in the township was built by Henry Alder, in about 1834. It is now occupied by a son, Henry C. The sécond frame house was built by Dr. Ruthbun, in 1841. This is still occupied by his widow, who settled here in 1829. Henry Francis erected the first brick house in the township, and is still a resi- dent therein. A private post-office was established here in July, 1848, and called ‘‘ Darby.” Joseph O’Harra was the first postmaster, though not commissioned. The office was, after a few years, abandoned, and none now exists in the township. The first store in the township was opened by Sylvester Brown, many years since. ORGANIZATION. The territory, as at present embraced within the bound- aries of Brown township, was formerly a part of the townships of Norwich, Prairie, and Washington. It was erected a separate township in the spring of 1830, but no records are now extant showing who were the township officials elected on organization. The present (1879) officers are: R. K. Reese, Cornelius Beyer, and Levi W. Helser, trustees; Samuel Patterson, clerk; Samuel Fran- cis, treasurer; Uri Beach, assessor; Lemuel Rathbun and A. J. Carter, constables, and twelve supervisors. Following is a list of the justices of the peace for Brown | township, from its organization until the present time: | Jacob S. Rogers, James Layton, John D. Acton, Paul 53 417 Alder, Joseph O’Harra, William Walker; Henry Francis, James Huggett, Chauncey Beach, N. E. Ferris, John Kil- gore, George M. Clover, Richard Jones, Robert Bynner, and the present incumbents, Henry C. Alder and Robert K. Reece, who were elected to the position at the spring election of 1879. CHURCHES, METHODIST CHURCH. The first christian organization in Brown township was that known as the McCoy Methodist Episcopal church, in the south part of the township. This grew to be a flour- ishing church, and, in time, a comfortable frame meeting- house was erected. This church has ceased to exist, and the building has been converted into a barn. WESLH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This is now the only christian organization in the township. The eastern portion of the township is largely settled by people of this nationality. The writer is in- debted to John Lloyd, esq., for the data from which the following sketch is prepared. As early as the year 1845, services were held in a little log school-house, standing near the present church edifice, and during the same year an organization was effected. It was composed of the following members: John E. Rowland and wife, Francis Jones and wife, John Bibb and wife, and, possi- bly, two or three others. Services were held in the school- house until about 1860, when the present brick meeting- house was erected. Its cost was about eight hundred dollars. The trustees were: John Lloyd, Francis Jones, and Robert Bynner. A Sabbath-school was formed here, many years since, and has continued, with varying suc- cess, until the present time. The average attendance is small now, perhaps thirty. This is mainly due to the fermation of a school in Norwich township, easier of ac- cess. Thomas W. Jones, is the present superintendent. The preachers of the Congregational faith who have, from time to time, spoken to this people, are: First, Rev. Dr. Hoge, of Franklinton, and, later, of Columbus, the pio- neer of this denomination in Franklin county; following him—Revs. Seth Howells, David M. Evans, John H. Jones, Reese Powell, John Jones, James Davis, and Evan Jones. The church has no regular pastor at this time. The present deacons are: Francis Jones and Ed- ward Evans. SCHOOLS. The first school remembered was held during the win- ter of 1820, in a little log cabin standing on the farm of Adam Blount. The teacher was Marantha Adams, and the children comprising the school were mainly of the families of Blount, Patterson, Hayden, and Belchy. The pioneer school-house was erected on the farm of James O’Harra. Some years later, it was a small affair. The pioneer school-house in the eastern portion of the town- ship was built in the fall of 1840, and stood near the Welsh church. A man named Lynn taught a term of school in this building the subsequent winter. The school was made up from the families of Jones, Huggett, Evans, Roberts, Samuels, Bynner, Richards, ‘Riggs, Rogers, Morris, Wilcox, Clover, Marshall, and a few 418 others, all first settlers in this portion of the township. In, perhaps, the year 1847, a number of colored people formed an association for the advancement of the cause of education for the children of their race. A tract of land was purchased in Brown township, buildings erected, and a school formed. It was finally abandoned, but the writer is not conversant with the causes which produced this result. Nothing is now left to mark the location of this institution. The present township board of educa- tion are: Willson Reece, president; Samuel Patterson, clerk; Thomas Jones, John Major, F. E. Linn. H. C. Alder, and Benjamin Davis. ANCIENT REMAINS. Along Big Darby creek, in the western part of Brown township, there existed, in the early settlement, many evidences of that mysterious people of whom so much HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. has been written, and so little known—the Mound Build- ers. On the farm of Henry Francis there is yet remain- ing quite an extensive mound, and toward the creek were numerous others, which have now disappeared. These were evidently tumuli, or burial places, as many human bones were found during the excavation of these works. There was also an enclosure, or fort, on the farm of H.C. Alder, esq., with two circles, enclosing, perhaps, one-half acre of ground. Its locatiun was upon the high bank of the creek, toward which was the usual opening, found in works of this kind. It was composed of gravel, which has been removed for building and other purposes. Human bones were also found here. It is highly prob- able that this was a favorite camping ground for the Indians, as stone hatchets, arrow points, skinning knives, etc., were found in great number by the settlers. Mr. Francis has a number of fine specimens found here. SHARON. This is known as township two, in range eighteen, and is one of the townships included in the United States mil- itary district. ‘The original township was known as Lib- erty, and at that time it extended for a considerable dis- tance into what is now Delaware county. Franklin county, when first organized, comprised but four townships, of which this was located in the northeast, Franklin in the northwest, Darby in the southwest, and Harrison in the southeast. The name was changed from Liberty to Sha- ron, March 4, 1806, and it was finally established, with its present boundaries, Mach 4, 1816. It is now five miles square, and is bounded on the cast by Blendon, on the south by Clinton, on the west by Perry township in Franklin county, and has for its northern boundary the Delaware and Franklin county line. _ The first election, held in the original township ‘of Liberty, took place at the house of Joseph Beaty, June 21, 1803, at which time Joseph Hunter and Ezra Brown were clected justices of the peace. At the same election Jeremiah Morrow was made the first representative from the State of Ohio to congress. NATURAL FEATURES. At the date of the advent of the early settlers, Sharon township, Franklin county, like nearly all portions of Ohio, was covered by a dense forest, consisting here of oak, elm, beech, maple, ash, walnut, and other varieties of timber. When these were removed, by the gradual process of clearing and burning, a rich soil was revealed, especially in the valleys of: the Olentangy, and the nu- merous runs which help to form that stream. The entire surface of the township is naturally well drained, the land being of a sufficiently rolling nature to effect this without the use of any great artificial drainage. The Olentangy river runs from north to south through the township, a number of small runs emptying into it on either side. The eastern part of the township is drained by a number of small runs that empty into, Alum creek, in Blendon township. ORIGINAL OWNERS. Sharon township, or at least the western part of it, was originally owned by General Jonathan Dayton, of Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and Doctor Jonas Stanberry, of New York city. It is included in the military lands, appropriated by congress in 1796, to satisfy the claims against the government of the United States, held by officers and soldiers who served in the Revolutionary war. These lands were surveyed about 1798, into tracts of five miles square, which were divided into quarters, con- taining each four thousand acres. On the fourteenth day of December, 1802, a colony was formed in the States of Massachusetts and Connec- ticut, to purchase land and found homes in Ohio. Articles of agreement were made and signed by the owners of the land, comprising four sections (ay quarters) situated upon and near the Whetstone (now Olentangy) river, in the military tract, as follows: “In the eighteenth range, first township and first section, second township, second and third sections, and third township, second section, containing sixteen thousand acres.” The price agreed upon was one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. ‘The purchasers in the formation of the colony agreed HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 419 between themselves that one lot of one hundred acres should be perpetually used for the purpose of providing a school, and a lot of one hundred acres should be used for the benefit of a Protestant Episcopal church. Also, two roads should be laid out, one running north and south, and one running east and west through the tract. It was also agreed that at the crossing of these roads a square plat, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, should be laid out and divided into one hundred and sixty lots, four of which, and those lying on the four central corners, should be given as a public square, to re- main for a green or parade. One of the town lots was also reserved for a school lot, and one for a Protestant Episcopal church lot. In the year 1804, the entire tract was partitioned off, and divided among the members of the company, each of whom received.a little less than one hundred acres, with a certain number of village lots. The following is a list of the original colony, and the lots apportioned to each person: James Kilbourn, lots 93, 94, 116, 117; Thomas T. Phelps, 5, 6, 156; Abner Pinney, 54, 59, 70, 102, 127, 128, 129, 130; Russell Atwater, 30, 40, 46, 86, go, 108, 119, 120, 121, 122, 135, 136; Jedediah Norton, 15, 41, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 55, 56, 74, 83, 85, 87, 92, 106, 111, 113; Job Case, 84, 88, 91, 95, 155; Levi Hays, 13, 14, 19; Levi Buttles, 3, 4, 29, 149, 24; Jeremiah Curtis; 68, 69; Zophar Topping, 1, 20, 80; Ebenezar Street, 57, 81, Nathan Stewart, 67, 99, 100, 110, 143; Roswell Wil- cox, 133; Lemuel Kilbourn, 45; Jonas Stansberry, 36; Abner P. Pinney, 28; Josiah Topping, 23, 24, 53; Aza- riah Pinney, 44; Moses Andrews, 21, 22; Samuel Sloper, 51, 52; William Thompson, 63, 77, 82, 103, 115, 141, 142, 146, 159, 160; Alexander Morrison,sr., 2, 26, 39, 58, 72; Samuel Beach, 11, 12, 147, 148; John Gould, 18, 109; Alexander Morrison, jr., 31, 32, 33, 34) 43) 77> 114, 125, 126; Ezra Griswold, 16, 17, 61, 62, 78; Will- iam Vining, 104, 105, 123, 1243; John Topping, 131, 132; Israel P. Case, 27; Israel Case, 37, 38, 137, 138; David Bristol, 7, 8, 60, 61; Glass Cochran, 97, 107, 112, 139, I40, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154; Lemuel G. Hum- phrey, Ambrose Case, and Jacob Mills, 9, 93, 98; James Allen, 65, 69, 96; Nathaniel W. Little, 25, 71, 75, 118, 144, 157, 158; Ichabod Plumb, 101; James Kilbourn, and others, committee, 10, 35, 64, 76, 134. SETTLEMENT, In the winter of 1801 and 1802, a company of enter- prising men in the States of Connecticut and Massachu- setts, organized a company under the name of the Scioto company, the object being to form a community of con- genial tastes at some point in the territory of Ohio, near its principal stream, the Scioto river. Of their number, Rev. James Kilbourn was largely instrumental in pro- moting the enterprise, and he was appointed as agent to ‘visit the west, and examine the country. He made his trip of exploration in the spring of 1802, and after travel- ing one thousand miles on foot through the wilderness, he selected sixteen thousand acres of land in sections two and three, of what is now township two, in range eighteen (Sharon township), and section one, in township one, and section two, in township three. He returned to Connecticut in the fall of the same year, and reported the purchase and location of the lands to the company. The following year he came on again, and preparation was made for the removal of the families who were to become the pioneers in this part of the wilderness. Dur- ing the summer of 1803, Lemuel Kilbourn came to Ohio, with his family, accompanied by the following per- sons: Levi Pinney, Alexander Morrison, jr., Abner P. Pinney, William Morrison, Adna Bristol, E. C. Brown, and Israel P. Case. ‘This party came in advance for the purpose of erecting cabins for the use of the colony, and also to erect a mill. On the fifteenth day of September, 1803, James Kilbourn, Ezra Griswold, with various others, and their families, commenced their journey toward the setting sun. Ezra Griswold, with his family, first completed the journey, arriving on the ground where is now situated the village of Worthington (then a per- fect wilderness), on the twenty-sixth day of October. The other emigrants arrived soon afterwards. Ezra Griswold occupied a cabin on village lot number seventy-one; William Thompson, on seventy; David Bristol, on sixty; James Kilbourn, on sixty-one; Samuel Beach, on ninety- two; Zophar Topping, on eighty-three; Alexander Mor- rison, on eighty-two; Nathan Stewart, on one hundred; and Glass Cochran, on one hundred and one. All used the same well, which was dug on the south church lot. A school-house was immediately built on south college lot, and the same winter the first school was taught by Thomas T. Phelps. The first female,teacher was Clarissa Thompson, who taught in the summer of 1804. Itisa fact that the first timber cut for any kind of building pur- poses, in the woods, where the village now stands, was for a school-house, and the first house erected was a school-house. And as with the first settlers matters of education were foremost in their minds, and first in their work in the new country, so has it continued with the in- habitants of this town to the present day. Worthington attained notoriety for furnishing the best schools of all kinds to be found in the State, and at the present time has an excellent public school, as well as a normal school. Colonel James Kilbourn came to Ohio to 1802, as agent of the Scioto company. He made a purchase of sixteen thousand acres of land, situated about the present town of Worthington, and, in 1803, brought out the col- ony of which he was agent. He was an Episcopal min- ister, and held the first service of that church in this part of the country. He was a prominent, man in the early and later affairs of the colony; was instrumental in build- ing the Worthington factory; kept a public house forty years or more; served in congress during 1812 and 1814; was in the State legislature in 1823, and again in 1838, besides filling various minor offices with credit. He was thrice married, first to Lucy Fitch, in Connecticut. She died in 1807, and he married Cynthia Goodale. By his first wife his children were: Hector, Lucy, Harriet, Orrel, and Byron. The latter became a distinguised civil en- gineer, and founded the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; he was also a member of the legislature of that State. His other children were: Eliza and Cynthia (twins), Lin- 420 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. His son, Lincoln, is en- Colonel coln, Charlotte, and James. gaged in the hardware business in Columbus. Kilbourn died in April, 1850. Roswell Tuller came from Simsbury, Connecticut, to Ohio in 1803, with his wife and six children. They had three children after settling in Ohio. He remained in Sharon township a few years, and moved to Delaware county, where he was killed by a stroke of lightning. His son, Jonathan D., is the only one of the family now in the township. Captain Abiel Case came soon after 1803. He owned a farm north of Worthington, and commanded a com- pany in the war of 1812. Moses Carpenter came very early, and remained a few years, when he went to Cincinnati. About 1829 he again came to Sharon township, and bought a small farm near the north line. His children were: Rodney, and Olive. Rodney lives near Worthington. Olive married a man named Cummings, and went to California, where she died. James Russell came to Worthington at a very early day. He was a machinist, and a natural genius, and while liv- ing here constructed an orrery, to illustrate the revolutions of the heavenly bodies. ‘This he sold in the east. His children were: Holman, James, Otis, Salome, Jerusha, and Mary Ann. The daughters married, and some of them are now living in Columbus. Arias Kilbourn came soon after 1803. He was a hard worker, and after the factory was established worked there. He accumulated quite a large property, and owned a farm east of Worthington. Two of his sons went to the South, where they made homes. In his late years he took up the practice of dentistry, and went south, winters, to practice. His second wife was Phebe, daughter of Judge Stansberry. Both were buried in Worthington. Judge Recompense Stansberry came soon after the Scioto company, and bought a tract of land in the south part of Worthington, where he lived and died. He was a prominent man in the country, and was appointed asso- ciate judge in 1849. In 1821, and again in 1841, he was postmaster at Worthington. Phebe, his only child, mar- ried Riggs Chapman, a merchant of Worthington. After the death of her first husband, she married Arias Kil- bourn. Jacob Fairfield was a well-known blacksmith, in an early day. His father was Jacob Fairfield, who had two sons, Jacob and John. Jacob Fairfield, sr., married, for his second wife, Mrs. Sabra Lewis, widow of Jedcdiah Lewis, who came to Worthington in 1807. Isaac Case came from Simsbury, Connecticut, to Worthington, in 1804, with his family, consisting of wife and five children. ‘Two more were born after settlement. He bought a farm of ninety-five acres, west of the river, but lived in the town, where he built a cabin, going from thence to his farm while engaged in clearing the land. He remained in the village a year or two, and then erected a cabin on his land, with no chimney, but simply a hole in the roof, through which the smoke could escape. They soon had a puncheon floor and chimney. His children were: Orlando, who married and died on the farm; Melona, who died with consumption; Pyrene, who . | was twice married, and died in Kentucky—her first hus- band was a tanner and currier, and had charge of that department in the Worthington factory; Philo, who died in Indiana, leaving a small family of children; Isaac New- ton, who married Emily Vining, by whom he had two children—she died, and he married Mrs. Julia Case, by whom he has one child—and Jane, who married and died in Union county. Samuel Wilson came to Ohio, from Cooperstown, Otse- go county, New York, in r80z. His birthplace was in New Hampshire, but he lived some time in New York, and was married before emigrating. Chillicothe was the first place in which he settled, remaineding two years, after which he came to Sharon township, in 1804. One hundred acres of land were bought by him, on the east side of the river, and north of Worthington. A part of it was owned by Roswell Wilcox. When he came to Ohio he had four children, and three more were born here. He died in 1813. The children were: Laura, who married John Smith, and lived and died in Clinton township; Elizabeth, who married Alden Fuller, and died at Central college; Samuel, who was in the war of 1812 for a short time, and afterwards captain of a com- pany of light-horse under the old State militia laws—he owned the old homestead after his father’s death, and died there; Sarah, who married Jonathan Finney, and died in Delaware county; Jane, who married Ozem Gardner, and lived near Flint post-office, where she died in 1869; Lucy, who married John Seller, and died in Delaware county; John M., who married Jane Payne, now owns the old homestead, and lives on the west side of the river. Samuel Wilson, sr., came from New York by way of Pittsburgh, in a sleigh; from Pittsburgh by boat to Portsmouth, and up the Scioto river in a keel- boat, to Chillicothe. The first house in that city, cov- ered with a shingle roof, was built by him. After he came to Worthington he managed Colonel Kilbourn’s grist-mill some eight or ten years. He died in 1813, and his wife died in about 1847. Bela M. ‘Tuller came from Simsbury, Hartford county, Connecticut, to Ohio, in 1805, and settled in Worthing- ton. He came in November, and in the spring of 1806, bought one hundred and twenty-five acres of land in Perry township, where he died in 1831. Early in the summer of 1812 he took a lvad of provisions to San- dusky, arriving just after news was received that war had been declared. He remained in Sandusky, with his team, until September, when he came home. He was sick when he left Sandusky, but managed to drive to Del- aware, and from there sent a message home for assist- ance. His son, Flavel, went on, and brought him home. His children were Flavel, Homer, Flora, Elvira (who died in infancy), Lydia, Holcomb, Achilles, Aurelius and Elvira. Flavel Tuller came with his father in 1805, then ten years of age. When seventeen years old, in 1812, he went as teamster in the quartermaster’s department, where he remained some three months, conveying provisions and supplies from Urbana to the army, under General Tupper. His early education was obtained in Worthington. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. if 421 where he studied for a time in Bishop Chase’s school. In 1832 he married Lucinda Holcomb, by whom he had eight children: Franklin F. and Homer (twins); Henry who died in 1834; Susan, Lucinda, and Henrietta. Before his marriage about 1816, he built two boats on the Olentangy, which he loaded with produce, cheese, potatoes, butter, pork, etc., and floated them down to the Mississippi river, when he sold them, bringing, up finally, at Natchez, Mississippi. About three years after his first venture he built another boat, which he took directly to Natchez, and there disposed of his entire stock. About 1822 he engaged in business in Worth- ington with his brother, Homer, remaining with him until about 1860. Together they built the first distillery in Perry township. The first year they did not do much business, but the second year they commenced before the Christmas holidays, and worked, almost continuously, one hundred days and nights, sleeping in their clothing. They cleared, at this time, about fifteen hundred dollars. In 1826 Mr. Tuller started a packing-house for pork, which he operated for about ten years. When in busi- ness in Worthington, they procured their gdods by way of Baltimore and Wheeling in wagons; afterwards by wagon from Sandusky, until the canal was completed, when they were sent to Columbus. He has in his family a Bible that was sunk in Lake Erie in November, 1838, when the schooner “Toledo” went down. It was recovered, with other goods during the same season. Mr. Tuller held an office in the old State militia. He now lives with his son, Franklin, in Worthington, aged eighty- ‘four years. Homer Tuller, brother of Flavel Tuller, was his part- ner in business for many years. He married Ann Eliza Kilbourn. Flora, a sister, married Treadwell Moore, and moved to Wooster, where she died. Lydia married James E. Woodbridge, and moved to Mt. Union, where she died. Holcomb married Jane Woodruff, and settled in Dublin, where she died. Achilles died at Mt. Vernon, Indiana. Aurelius died young. Elvira married R. W. _Shawhan, and lives in Tiffin. Mr. Chapman came very early, and settled on the west side of the river, some three miles north of Worthington. He had a large family, consisting of Ridge, Polly, Sally, Albert, Lucinda, Lucius, Harriet, and Sylvia. His son, Albert, is a physician at Dublin. Josiah Fisher came about the same time as Chapman, -and owned a tract of land adjoining him, which he cleared and improved. His wife died there, and he sold his land and moved to Illinois. Dr. Timothy Fisher, his son, lives at Marion. Mr. Starr came early, and settled north of Vining, in the north part of Sharon township, on the west side of the river, where he died. His widow married a man who worked for them, and afterwards sold the farm, and re- _ moved to near Carey, Ohio. One of the family still lives there. Charles Thompson came from Massachusetts in about 1806, when about twenty years of age. His father, Judge William Thompson, came at the same time, and settled a mile north of Worthington. They remained on this land, clearing and improving it, until 1817, when Charles Thompson married Orill Morrison, and moved to a tract of land owned by his father, in Delaware county. He remained there but about six months, when he returned to his father’s, and worked with him about two years. He then moved to a farm a mile further north, where he lived the remainder of his days. Their children were Pamelia, William, Henry, Catharine, Harriet, and Mary. Pamelia married Louis Johnson, and lives at the old homestead; Catharine married Christopher Calkins, and died in Delaware county; Harriet married Horatio Wright, and died in Worthington; Mary is engaged in the millinery business in Worthington; William died when a child. Jonathan Park came to Ohio from Bernardston, Frank- lin county, Massachusetts, in 1806. He first settled, with his family, in the Rogers settlement, on the west side of the river. He remained there about one year, when he moved to Middlebury, in what is now Liberty township, Delaware county, where he remained several years, finally returning to Sharon township. He bought a farm of one hundred and fifty acres, east of Worthington, where he built a cabin, and improved his land. In 1865 he moved into Worthington, where he died the same year. His wife died in 1878. Their children were: Rodney J., who lives in Missouri; Hulburt H., in Rock Island county, Illinois; William S., in Worthington, where he has a farm—he is also part owner of the Miami Powder works, at Xenia, Ohio; Sophia A. who lives in De Kalb county, Illinois; Sylvia M., who lives in Greene county ; and Juliette, who was the youngest child. Moses Maynard emigrated to Ohio, from Massachu- setts, in 1806, with his family, consisting of eight chil- dren, as follows: Eber, Asa, Joel, Achsa, Moses, Electa, Apollos, and Lovisa. Mrs. Maynard died before he came west. He purchased two hundred acres of land from Nathan Stewart, besides several town lots in Worthing- ton. Eber, his son, married in Massachusetts, and after settling here, went back after his wife. He worked with his father on the farm, and died there. Asa never mar- ried, and for many years taught school. Joel died when a young man. Achsa married Orange Johnson in 1814, and settled in Worthington. In 1863 they moved to Columbus, where he died in 1876. She lives with her daughter, Mrs. F. C. Sessions. Moses, jr., married and died in Worthington. Electa died young. Apollos died south of Worthington. Lovisa married Potter Wright, and died in Worthington. Samuel Abbott came about the same time as Starr, and bought two hundred acres of land, near the north line of the township. This property he sold, and moved to Worthington, where he served as justice of the peace A son, James, is engaged in the hardware business in Columbus. Another son lives in Washington city. Squire Abbott died in Worthington; his eldest son died near Granville, and his youngest died in California. Jedediah Lewis came from Westfield, Massachusetts, with the Granville company, in 1806, with his family. He remained at Granville but a few months, when he re- moved to Worthington, where he built a saw-mill on the in 1820, 422 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Olentangy. This mill he run for a short time, and died nine months after his settlement here. He built a cabin of buckeye logs when he first came, and for several years green sprouts and leaves started from the logs. Follow- ing are the names of his children: Elias, Prudence, Martin, Lucy, Eliza, and Jedediah. Immediately after her husband’s death, Mrs. Lewis caused a frame building that he had erected near the river, to be moved into the village, on the lot now owned by Dr. Jedediah Lewis, in which the family lived many years. It was torn down in 1878. Mrs. Lewis afterward married Jacob Fairfield, sr. Of her children: Elias lives in Worthington; Prudence, a widow, in Virginia; Martin, a physician in Louisville, Kentucky; Lucy, a widow, in Columbus; Ezra, who died in Xenia; and Jedediah, who studied medicine in the Worthington medical college in 1840, and now lives in Worthington. He has practiced’ medicine in Indiana and Kentucky, and is now practicing here. Elias Lewis was born in Lyme, Connecticut, and came to Worthington with his father’s family in 1806. His father died in 1807, and on Elias fell the care of the family. He supported the rest of the children and his mother until 1820, when he married Martha Wiley, by whom he had three sons and two daughters. His wife died in 1853, and in 1857 he married Eliza Paramore, by whom he had one son. His second wife died in 1866. Mr. Lewis learned the trade of brick-laying and plaster- ing, and followed that business for thirty years. He built the chimneys and plastered Bishop Chase’s house, in about 1820 or 1821, Salmon P. Chase carrying the brick and mortar he used. During the building of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis railroad, he had charge of a gang of men in constructing ten miles of the road bed. On the completion of the road he ran an omnibus from Worthington to Columbus, and aften ten years continued the same line from Worthing- ton village to the railroad station, and operates it now. Stephen Maynard came to Ohio with the Granville company in 1807, and aoon afterward bought land on the west side of the Olentangy, his farm extending to the river. His children were: Stephen, Joshua, Samuel, Nathan, James, and two daughters, Thankful and Betsey. All married and settled in this vicinity, but none now reside here. Potter Wright came to Ohio in charge of machinery for a cotton-mill, which belonged to W. Webb, but for some reason it was not put in operation here, and was shipped to Coldrain. Mr. Wright came back to Worth- ington, where he worked in the factory for a time. In about 1823 he erected a building, and put in a carding- machine and a cloth-dresser. He also started a black- smith shop, and manufactured machinery for making woolen cloth. He continued at this business until 1852 or 1853. He married Louisa Maynard, a daughter of Stephen Maynard, and raised a family of eight children. He died in 1855, and his wife died some years later. Two of their children live in Illinois. Horatio owns a farm near Worthington, and lives in the village. H.W. lives in the east part of the town, where he has a saw- mill. He also owns a farm. Cynthia lives at the old | | | ; ton. home in Worthington. James P. is engaged in the mer- cantile business in the same place. Deacon Goodrich came from Connecticut about 1807, and.settled in the north part of the village of Worthing- His children were Bela, John, Levi and several others. Mr, Goodrich was well along in years when hé came to Ohio, and lived with his son, John, who opened a store in the north part of town. He afterwards sold his business, and moved to Texas. The other children moved to other parts. Isaiah Wallace came very early, but at what date. is not known. Hisson, Norman Wallace, was a drummer in the war of 1812. All moved from here many years ago. Stephen Hoyt was an early settler, and one of the first blacksmiths in Worthington. Orange Johnson came from Mansfield, Connecticut, to Ohio in 1813. His business there was the manu- facture of combs, and the expense of his journey was met on the road by the sale of this article of merchan- dise. He engaged in the manufacture of combs in Worthington immediately after his arrival, working in an upper rooni of Col. Kilbourn’s hotel, where he con- tinued until 1814, when he married Achsa Maynard. After marriage he removed his shop to his house, and continued there until 1816, when he erected a brick building for his manufacturing business. He worked at this until 1827, and did a good business, accumulating some property. When he commenced in Worthington, his capital amounted to sixteen dollars and fifty cents. In 1827 he gave up this business, and was one of the incorporators of the Columbus and Sandusky turnpike. Col. Kilbourn was also one of the incorporators, and surveyed the road. Mr. Johnson was one of the leading commissioners, and principal agent of the company from first to last. The road was eight years in building, and while connected with it, Mr. Johnson accumulated a handsome. property. At the same time he owned and managed a farm near Worthington. He, with two others, made the first survey for the railroad from Col- umbus to Xenia. He moved to Columbus in 1862; was for many ycars a director of the old Clinton bank, and afterwards a director of the Franklin State and National bank. He erected the Johnson and the Sessions blocks in Columbus, and died there in 1876. His daughter married F. C. Sessions, of Columbus, and her mother passes her declining years with them. Dr, Starr came very early, but did not practice medi- cine here. James, his son, owned a tract of land north of town, which he sold, and then removed to Texas. Deacon Abbott was an early blacksmith in Worthing- ton. He was a prominent member and deacon in the Presbyterian church, and owned a farm north of town. When well along in years, he went to Granville, and died there at the residence of his son. His remains were brought back to Worthington for interment. Milton Green came from Vermont, about 1812, and worked at carpenter work in the Worthington factory while it was in operation. ‘ William Page worked in the factory, about 1816, in the cloth fulling department. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Joseph Poole came from New York, quite early, and had a farm well cleared, near where Flint post-office now is, in 1817. He was a hard worker, and was the father of ten children: Simeon, Abijah, Joshua, Thomas, Jo- seph, and five daughters, one of whom married Marcus Cole, and one married a man named Higgins. None of the family now live in this vicinity. Chester Griswold came to Ohio from Sackett’s Harbor, New York, but at what date is not known. He was em- ployed in the Worthington factory, as book-keeper, and when the business was suspended he left this part of the country. James Starr owned a farm north of Worthington, quite early, but where he went from hére is not now known, Berkley Comstock came to Ohio, from Vermont, very early, bringing with him his wife, and settled about two miles north of Worthington, and went from home as a sol- dier in the war of 1812; his wife died about the time of the close of the war, and he married Margaret Dixon, and raised a large family. Rodney, his son, lives on the old farm; James lives near Worthington, and Theodore, in Columbus. Richard Dixon, a native of Ireland, was an early set- tler. He came before 1812, and worked in the factory at Worthington after it was established. A daughter mar- ried Milton Geer, who was also a native of Ireland, and came to Ohio with her father. Another daughter, Mar- garet, married Mr. Comstock. Ira Kellogg came to Ohio very early, and was one of the first mail carriers from the region of Darby creek to Worthington. Mrs. Cynthia Barker, came with her husband in an early day—about 1810. He died, and for many years she was a school teacher here and in the vicinity. Rev. Henry Matthews was a well-known local Metho- dist preacher in this section, in an early day. Mathew Matthews, a brother, was connected with the Worthington factory. Another brother, Vincent, was a brick-mason. There were other members of the same family—Hiram and Harvey, and several sisters. Their father died here. Mr. Harrington was an early settler, who went as a sol- dier in the war of 1812, and died when on his return, and nearly home, leaving a widow. John Snow came to Ohio in 1814, from Providence, Rhode Island, and settled in Worthington with his fam- ily. Here he engaged in the drug business, at which he continued until his death, in 1852. There were three children: William T., George R., and John H., the lat- ter of whom died in New Orleans in 1832. Mr. Snow was a very prominent Free Mason, and became the first grand master of the fraternity in Ohio. To him and Thomas J. Webb belongs the credit of systematizing the ‘work of the craft in Ohio and the west. At one time he held the third office in the grand chapter of the United States, which met in New York, and also held | the second office in the grand encampment of Knights Templar in the United States. As grand master of the State of Ohio, his jurisdiction extended throughout the west and south, in which the charters of many lodges bear his signature. t 423 Demas Adams came to Worthington previous to 1816. He married a daughter of Colonel James Kilbourn, and was an assistant in the factory or store. Stephen M. Frothingham settled in Worthington be- fore 1816, He was a machinist, and after coming here engaged in the manufacture of carding-machines. He had a shop, in which he carried on this business several years. Ebenezer, his brother, came about the same time. He was a clothier, and worked in the factory. Obediah Benedict was a blacksmith in Worthington in 1816. Asa Weaver owned a farm west of town in an early day. His house was in the village. William Thrall was a blacksmith in the factory. Eliphalet, Peter, Samuel, and Brooks Barker were early comers, and lived in Worthington many years. Samuel and Peter were carpenters, and worked at that business. Nathan Mason was an excellent machinist. He came from Providence, Rhode Island, in about 1814, and worked in the machinery department of the Worthington factory. When he came here he was single, but married Sally Wiley, by whom he had one daughter. A man named Cole was an early settler. He was a graduate of an eastern college, and for many years was a school teacher in this vicinity. He went east, where he died. Many of his descendants now live in Franklin county. ‘ Bishop Philander Chase came to Ohio in 1817, and settled in Worthington, where he purchased five lots, be- sides a farm of one hundred and fifty acres, south of the village. His farm had about sixty acres of land cleared and fitted for cultivation, and cost him two thousand and fifty dollars. The year he arrived he was appointed principal of the Worthington academy, and at the same time preached at the same place, and conducted the ser- vices of the Episcopal church. .He soon had five par- ishes on his hands, and gave up his principalship of the academy. The first convention of the Episcopal church in Ohio was held in Columbus, in January, 1818, of which he was president. On June 3, 1818, the conven- tion again assembled, at Worthington, and at this meet- ing, Rev. Philander Chase was elected the first bishop of the Episcopal church in Ohio. He was consecrated to his high office, in Philadelphia, February 11, 1819. On Sunday, June 6, 1819, he confirmed seventy-nine per- sons. His parochial district comprised Delaware, Berk- shire, Columbus, and Worthington. He established a school at his house, where he erected such buildings as he could, about 1818. This he continued under many disadvantages for a number of years. His son, Rev. Philander Chase, jr., taught with him. He was also a teacher in the old college building. In the spring of 1823 it was proposed that an Episcopal college be estab- lished in Ohio to educate men for the ministry. Bishop Chase went to England to raise funds to build a college, and returned in the fall of 1824. In June, 1825, the trustees of the Ohio theological seminary met at Zanes- ville, and the same month the convention located the seminary at Worthington. Bishop Chase continued this A24 school at his own house until 1826, when he made ar- rangements to purchase a tract of land in Knox county, where the seminary was, eventually, permanently located. At this time he had thirty students at his own house, under the instruction of his son, Philander. On Septem- ber 9, 1831, he resigned the episcopate of Ohio, and the presidency of the seminary. He soon after removed to Illinois, where he was again elected bishop, in 1835. He established a college in that State while administering his episcopal duties. Salmon P. Chase came to Ohio, to live with his uncle, Bishop Chase, in 1820, when but twelve years of age. He did chores about the farm, drove the cows to pasture and home again, took grain to the mill, and was kept busy when notin school. He once received instructions from his uncle to kill and dress a pig, which was to be roasted for dinner; he knew how to go to work to kill and scald the diminutive porker, but either the water was too hot, or he left the pig in too long, for when he ex- pected to remove the bristles easily, he could hardly pull out one ata time; he was aware that the pig must be ready in time for dinner, and bethought himself of his cousin Philander’s razor, which he procured, and with which he neatly shaved the pig. The job was well done, and reflected credit on the barber, but was bad for the keen edge of the razor. Salmon was also accustomed to ride a horse belonging to Squire Chas. E. Burr, the same animal being a favorite with the college professors, and others; he found that by sticking his heels in the sides of the horse, it would resent the indignity by kicking, He enjoyed the fun, and continued it until the horse would kick everything behind him, and could not be used for any purpose. Salmon lived with his uncle from June, 1820, until November, 1822. Mr. Elias Lewis, of Worth- ington, now in his eighty-third year, when a brick-layer, had Salmon P. Chase for a mortar-carrier, and speaks with pride of the fact that a man who, afterwards became governor of Ohio and chief justice of the United States, once carried mortar him. Ozem Gardner came from Otsego county, New York, to Ohio, in 1817, then not quite twenty-one years of age. Some two or three years after his settlement he bought a parcel of land three miles north of Worthington, exchang- ing land in Lewis Center for it, with a man named Co- nine. He has since added to his purchase. ‘There were several cabins, and something of a clearing, when he purchased. For five or six ycars he lived with Mr. Com- | stock, a mile south of his place, at the same time clear- ing and improving his land. One season he burned brick on Mr. Thompson’s land, near Mr. Comstock’s, and three seasons burned brick at Worthington. In 1823 he married Jane Wilson, and commenced house-keeping on his own place. They raised eight children: Harriet, Joseph, Samuel W., Ozem B., Lucy J., Leonidas H., Paryntha, and Althina. One child died in infancy; Har- riet married John Potter, who ownes a nursery on the adjoining farm; Joseph lives in Geneva township, Dela- ware county; Samuel is a merchant in Columbus; Ozem B. was chaplain of the thirteenth Kansas infantry, and was captured by bushwhackers, and shot, at Cabin creek, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Arkansas; Jucy J. died; Leonidas lives on a part of the home farm; Paryntha married John De Witt, and lives in Morrow county; Althina lives at home, unmarried, and cares for her aged father. Mrs. Gardner died in 1869. Ozem Gardner was an original abolitionist, and his house was an asylum for many fugitive slaves. It was a station on the “under-ground railroad,” from slavery to freedom. He has assisted more than two hundred fugitives on their way, in all weathers and at all times of day or night. No slave hunters ever came to his house, and no slave once in his care was ever captured. He used to conduct them to Eden, in Delaware county, or to the Quaker settlement; sometimes up Alum creek, to another friendly station: John Bishop emigrated from Poughkeepsie, New York, to Ohio in 1817, and made a settlement in Blendon township, purchasing land on which now stands the vil- lage of Westerville. He brought his family, consisting of wife and children, who were: John, William, Walter, Sarah, Esther, Angeline, and Elizabeth. His children married and settled elsewhere, and his wife died. In old age he came to Sharon and lived a few years, until his death, with his son, William. William Bishop came to Ohio from Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1818, and became an apprentice to a saddler in Worthington. After learning his trade he married Charlotte Wolcott, of Granville, and opened a saddler’s shop in Worthington, where he continued until about 1850, when he commenced keeping hotel in the same place. He continued in the hotel until 1864. His first wife died, and he married Mrs. Nancy Stickney, who sur- vives him. They had one son, Frank W., who is the present postmaster of Worthington, as well as township clerk. His children by his first wife were: Celia, Erville, Edward, Luella, and three who died in infancy. Ozais Burr came from Bridgeport, Connecticut, to Ohio, in 1818, bringing with him his family, consisting of a wife, eight sons and one daughter. He purchased two hundred and sixty acres of land, a mile north of Worthington, on the pike, from Squire Nourse and an- other man. ‘There were four cabins on the land, and a partial clearing of some forty-five acres, when he took possession of it. He still further improved it, and built a framed house and barn soon after his arrival. His children were: Philo, who is in the treasury department at Washington city; Jonathan N., who is a physician, at Mount Vernon; Charles E., who owns a farm of one hundred and twenty acres of the old homestead; Erastus, who is an Episcopal clergyman in Portsmouth; George C., who moved to Tlinois, where he died; Levi J., who lives in Jackson, Michigan, where he is engaged in the mercantile business; William Henry, who went to the Mexican war and never returned; Catharine, who mar- ried Rev. Mr. Ufford, of Delaware, Ohio, and died in Iowa, from cholera; and Philander, who is a merchant in Worthington, Indiana. Rey. Uriah Heath was assigned to Worthington, by conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, in 1839 and 1840. He was largely instrumental in founding the female seminary of the Methodist church in Ohio, during Hn FLAVEL TULLE The parents of the subject of this sketch were, Bela M. Tuller, born June 19, 1773, and Lydia Holcomb, born June 19, 1776; both natives of Simsburg, Hartford county, Connecticut, where they were raised, and where they were married on the fifth of November, 1794. After marriage they remained in the neighborhood of their home, where they had five children. In the fall of 1806, the family removed to Ohio, and in the latter part of October joined the colony of eastern people at Worthing- ton, near which place they remained until the following March, when Mr. Tuller bought one hundred and twenty- five acres of land in the township of Perry, and some two miles west of Worthington. On this land was a log cabin, a log barn, and a partial clearing of some twenty-five acres. Hard labor was yet to be done to prepare the land for cultivation; but a strong constitution, backed by an iron will, soon forced the mighty forest to give way, and it was not many years ere there was a large clearing and abundant crops growing on the hitherto uncultivated soil. In this log cabin home in the woods were born other children, four in number, making a family of nine members besides the parents. The children were: Fla- vel, Homer, Flora, Elvira (who died in infancy), Lydia, Holcomb, Achilles, Aurelius, and Elvira, the second. Flavel Tuller, the subject of this sketch, was born in Simsburg, Connecticut, December 7, 1795, and was nearly eleven years of age at the time the family settled in Ohio. The duties of a man fell to him very early in life, and he soon did his part toward providing for the necessities of the family. The land on which their home was located was on the main road to Sandusky, and as they were soon enabled to raise grain and stock to sell, a ready market was found at their own door, where emigrants were glad of an opportunity to provide themselves with supplies. In 1812, Bela M. Tuller sold a load of flour and agreed to deliver it at Sandusky, where he arrived in safety immediately after the receipt of information that war had been declared with England. As teams were needed to work on the fortifications, he was detained until September, when he became sick and was allowed to return to his home. On his arrival in Delaware he was so ill as to be unable to proceed to his destination, and word was sent to his son, Flavel, who went to him, and conveyed him to his home. He never recovered from the effects of this sickness, and died in 1821. Be fess rf R. Flavel Tuller engaged as a teamster, in conveying sup- plies from Urbana to the advance posts of the army, in the war of 1812, in which service he continued three months. He then returned to his home, where he re- mained until he became of age, soon after which, with his brother, Homer, he built a distillery on their farm. ‘The first season they run this business they made nothing, but the second season they cleared some fifteen hundred dollars, after which they. disposed of the business. ‘The man to whom they sold was unable to pay for the prop- erty, and to cancel his debt sold them his farm. Both were hard-working, frugal, and honest young men, and it was not long before they had a reputation for fair deal- ing, that gave them almost unlimited credit among men of property. As they were able they bought land, until they were possessed of considerable real estate, which increased in value as the country became settled. All was not fair sailing, for they sometimes met with losses; but in the end perseverance gained the day, and they found themselves in the way to secure a competence. Sometime after disposing of their distillery business, Flavel and Homer Tuller engaged in mercantile busi- ness, at Worthington, where they continued some twenty years, when they closed out their stock, and entered into the work of slaughtering and packing pork. They labored at this for some years, when they closed their labors in this direction, and transported two loads of pork and provisions down the river, to the vicinity of Natchez, Mississippi, where the cargo was disposed of. On the twenty-sixth day of January, 1832, Flavel Tul- ler was married to Mrs. Lucinda Holcomb, daughter of William Webster. To them were given four children: Franklin F., and Henry Homer (twins), the latter died in infancy; Susan Lucinda, who married H. H. Hall, and now lives in Ashtabula; Henrietta S., married Horace W. Wright, and lives in Worthington. Franklin F., the eldest son, married Eliza J. Foster, by whom he had three children. She died September 15, 1879, at the early age of thirty-four years. Flavel Tuller has resided in Worthington, where he has managed his various enterprises these many years, and now, in the eighty-sixth year of his age, lives with his son, Franklin F. Mrs. Tuller, wife of Flavel Tuller, died at their home, October 30, 1875. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. these years. The last work he did in Worthington was to plant the shade trees in the public square, now the pride of the town. He was a man of progressive ideas, and wished to see improvements carried on. ‘To his great disappointment, just as the seminary was being es- tablished, he was removed from his charge to Zanesville, in 1842. In 1862 he was again stationed at Zanesville, and died there from a stroke of apoplexy. At Zenia, in 1831, he was married to Mary Ann Perkins, by whom he had seven children. One of them, Louisa, is the wife of James P. Wright, and lives in Worthington. EARLY EVENTS. The first regularly recognized religious society was the Protestant Episcopal, which was organized in the winter of 1803-4. It was incorporated as a church in 1806-7. The first house for public worship was built by the Meth- odists in 1823. The first marriage took place on the tenth day of February, 1804. The ceremony was per- formed by Thomas Stephens, esq., of Franklinton, in the log school-house at Worthington. The persons united in marriage were Abner P. Pinney and Miss Polly Mor- rison, and Levi Pinney and Miss Charlotte Beach. Every person then living in the place was supposed to be present. The first justice of the peace was Ezekiel Brown, who was elected in 1803, while what is now Sha- ron township was a part of Liberty township. James Kilbourn was the second justice, he, also, being elected before Sharon was set off. The first militia officers were: James Kilbourn, captain; Aaron Strong, heutenant; Ab- ner C, Pinney, ensign. The first brick house was built by James Kilbourn, in 1804. It is still standing near the main street, on the southwest corner of the public square, and is at present owned and occupied by —— Wells, esq. The first frame house was erected by Ezra Griswold, in 1805. The building of the Protestant Episcopal church was commenced in the fall of 1828, and was completed the following year. The Presbyterian church was built in 1829. The first tavern was kept by Ezra Griswold, on lot seventy-one, in a log cabin, in the year 1803. ‘The first store was kept by Nathan Stewart, in 1804, on lot seventy-one, in the log cabin occupied the preceding year by Ezra Griswold as a tavern, he having removed his tavern to lot number sixty-one. The first distillery was erected, by Nathan Stewart, in 1804, on farm lot number twenty-five. The first temperance society was formed in 1830. The first grist-mill of any importance to the early settlers, or, in fact, to Franklin county, was erected by James Kilbourn, near Worthington, on the Olentangy river, in, or, about, 1805. About the same time a Mr. Carpenter erected a mill on the same stream, in what is now Delaware county, but, at that time, was in Franklin. Another mill was built on the Olentangy, near the village of Worthington, in 1807, by Preserved Leonard. This mill was in operation a number of years. The motive power was obtained from Rush brook, by means of a race, and wooden troughs, and was carried a distance of nearly a quarter of a mile, and allowed to fall on an overshot wheel. Mr. Leonard, aftcr running his mill a number of years, sold it to Joab Hoyt, who con- 54 | sitting in. 425 tinued it some time, when it was allowed to go to decay. Samuel Maynard also built a mill on the Olentangy, at a later date, still farther down the stream. This has been rebuilt and repaired many times since, and is now owned by Jacob Weisenheimer, who does a good run of custom, besides manufacturing and selling flour in Co- lumbus market. . Asahel Benedict had a blacksmith shop in Worthing- ton before 1812. Jabez Fairfield worked with him, and was very expert in shoeing cattle, and when the army marched from Franklinton toward Sandusky, in 1812, the teams remained here a week until they were shod. Indians frequently traveled through the country from their towns near Sandusky, and often stopped at the houses of the settlers. They were friendly, and did no harm to the people, but many were afraid of them. Some time before the war a report was started that the Indians were on the war path, and were coming to slaughter the settlers. ‘The alarm was caused on the west side of the river at a log rolling. While the men were at work in the woods, the women were gathered at the cabin, and while they were in one room eating sup- per, a girl prepared to sweep the room they had been While doing this, she accidentally knocked down a loaded gun that was standing behind the door. The fall caused it to explode, and the women imagined the Indians were about to massacre them, and raised the alarm, whereupon the settlers made a stampede for the village. Messengers were sent in every direction to warn the settlers. Many stayed during the night at the tavern of Ezra Griswold, and many in the academy building. The next morning a stockade was built around the academy, and the place was fortified as well as it could be on such short notice, while men armed with guns, scythes, pitchforks and such weapons as they had, stood guard about the town. In a few days the excite- ment subsided, when it was ascertained that there were no Indians within many miles, and the settlers returned to their homes. Another story is told of the cause of this Indian alarm. “A company of militia was encamped at Delaware, and the captain thought to try what stuff his soldiers were composed of. One night he posted the entire company on picket, with instructions to be watchful, as the Indians would probably attack them before morning. Some time about midnight the captain fired a gun, and gave the alarm that the Indians were coming. The pickets did not stop to form the company, but every one broke for his home as fast as possible. It is said that one man ran nine miles through the brush and briars to his home, and when he arrived there, the only article of wearing apparel he had on was a shirt collar. The bushes through which he ran, captured the remainder of his clothing. No one was left in the camp besides the captain and officers who understood the cause of the alarm. Jedediah Lewis, sr., built a saw-mill on the Olentangy, in 1807. He came with the Granville company, but did not like the location, and remained there but a few months. He run his saw-mill until his death, which occurred when he had been here but nine months. 426 There was no regular mail to Worthington until 1805. Previous to that time, the mail was brought from Frank- linton by a young man, a clerk ina store at Worthing- ton. In the year 1805, the post-office was established in Worthington, and mail was received regularly. The first postmaster was William Robe, who was a man of small stature, but well proportioned; he was well educated, and afterwards became a teacher in the Worthington seminary. He was then appointed to a clerkship in the office of the auditor of State. His death occurred in January, 1823. JUSTICES. The following is a list of justices of the peace who have been elected and served in Sharon township: 1803, Ezekiel Brown, elected when what is now Sharon was part of Liberty township; 1805, James Kilbourn, elected when what is now Sharon was part of Liberty township; 1806, Alexander Morrison, jr., in place of Ezekiel Brown, after the organization of Sharon; 1808, Ezra Griswold, in place of James Kilbourn; 1808, Isaac Case, under an order for an additional justice; 1809, Alexander Morri- son, jr., re-elected; 1810, Azariah Pinney, in place of Morrison, who was elected judge; 1811, Ezra Griswold, re-elected; 1811, Glass Cochran, in place of Isaac Case; 1811, Reuben Carpenter, in place of Azariah Pinney, - deceased; 1814, Recompence Stansberry, in place of Glass Cochran; 1814, Isaac Case, in place of Ezra Gris- wold; 1814, Cruger Wright, in place of Reuben Carpen- ter; 1815, Ezra Griswold, in place of Cruger Wright, who was set off to Harrison township; 1817, Stephen Maynard, in place of Isaac Case; 1817, Recompense Stansberry, re-elected; 1818, Ezra Griswold, re-elected; 1819, Arora Buttles, in place of Recompense Stansberry, appointed judge; 1820, Samuel Abbott, in place of Stephen Maynard; 1821, Nathaniel Little, in place of Ezra Griswold; 1822, Arora Buttles, re-elected; 1822, John Goodrich, jr., in place of N. Little, deceased; 1823, Samuel Abbott, re-elected; 1824, R. W. Cowles, in place of Arora Buttles, appointed judge; 1825, John W. Ladd, in place of Goodrich; 1826, Samuel Abbott, re-elected ; 1827, R. W. Cowles, re-elected; 1828, John W. Ladd, re-elected; 1829, Stephen Maynard, jr., in place of Ab- bott; 1830, R. W. Cowles, re-elected; 1831, John W, Ladd, re-elected; 1832, Isaac Case, in place of Maynard; 1833, R. W. Cowles, re-elected; 1834, John W. Ladd, re-elected; 1836, R. W. Cowles, re-clected, and Asaph Allen, elected; 1837, Ira Metcalf, in place of Ladd; 1839, Stephen Maynard and Levi Pinney; 1840, George Taylor, in place of Metcalf; 1842, Stephen Maynard and Philo Burr; 1843, George Taylor, re-elected; 1844, Ezekiel Brown, in place of Maynard, resigned; 1845, Philo Burr, re-elected; 1846, George Taylor, re-elected ; 1847, Ezekiel Brown, re-elected; 1848, Philo Burr, re- elected; 1849, George Taylor, re-elected, and Luther Case, in place of Brown; 1851, Philo Burr, re-elected; 1852, George Taylor and Luther Case, re-elected; 1854, I. N. Case, in place of Luther Case, and P. Burr, re- elected; 1855, George Taylor, re-elected, and Stephen Hoyt, in place of P. Burr, removed to Iowa; 1856, Charles E. Burr, in place of Hoyt; 1857, I. N. Case, re- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. elected; 1858, George Taylor, re-elected; 1860, C. E, Burr and I. N. Case, re-elected; 1861, George Taylor, re-elected; 1863, C. E. Burr and I. N. Case, re-elected ; 1864, George Taylor, re-elected; 1866, I. N. Case, re- elected, and G. H. Griswold, elected in place of C. E. Burr; 1867, George Taylor, re-elected; 1869, George H. Griswold, re-elected, and C. E. Burr, in place of I. N. Case. WORTHINGTON VILLAGE. The village of Worthington was laid out in May, 1804, by Rev. James Kilbourn, as agent of the Scioto company. It was surveyed and divided into one hundred and sixty- two lots, of which two were reserved, one for school, and one for church purposes. The balance were apportioned among the members of the company, which, at the divis- ion of the property, was dissolved. The lots were cleared, and cabins built as suited the needs and the means of the owners. The school-house was at once erected, that the children of the community might at once begin the acquirement of an education. The village was incorporated by act of the legislature, March 9, 1835, which ordered—‘“that so much of the township of Sharon, in the county of Franklin, as is com- prised in the town of Worthington, as originally estab- lished, with the additional streets and lots thereunto an- nexed, as recorded in said county, be, and the same are hereby erected into a town corporate, to be known by the name of Worthington.” The second section of the act provided, “‘that it shall be lawful for the white male inhabitants of said town, having the qualifications of electors, to meet at the usual place of holding elections in said town, on the second Tuesday in March, next (1836), and elect, by a plurality of votes, by ballot, a mayor, recorder, and five trustees, to serve one year, and until their successors are elected.” This act of incorpo- ration was signed by John M. Creed, speaker of the house of representatives, and C. Anthony, speaker of the senate. An election was held, Tuesday, March 10, 1835, at which the following officers were elected: James Kilbourn, mayor; George H. Griswold, recorder; Samuel Abbott, William Bishop, Ira Metealf, A. H. Pinney, and William S. Spencer, trustees. After the election, it was discovered that, by mistake, the charter would not go into effect un- til March, 2, 1836, and consequently the officers elect could not legally perform the duties of their office. The legislature, at their next sesssion (January 26, 1836), passed an amendatory act, ordering that the original act should be in force from and after its passage. The regu- larly elected council met for business, February tg, 1836, and appointed the following officers: R. W. Cowles, treas- urer; Captain Levi Pinney, marshal; Captain Chauncey Barker, street commissioner; Captain Abner Pinney, Cap- tain Dayton Topping, and D. W. Harrington, fire ward- ens. ‘On March 14, 1846, an ordinance was passed by the council, dividing the town into two wards, and, at the same time, repealing an ordinance, passed February 19, 1836, establishing three wards. March 4, 1871, the two wards, established in 1846, were consolidated, by ordi- nance, At the regular clection, held March 8, 1836, the officers of the preceding year were re-elected. In 1837, In the summer of 1803 Ezra Griswold and his family, consisting, at that time, of his wife, Ruth Roberts Gris- wold, and six children, joined the band of pioneers, com prising forty families who organized in the eastern States under the name of the Scioto company, and emgirated to the then wilderness of Ohio. The first of the com- pany to reach their destination was the Griswold family, who arrived on the ground, where is now the town of Worthington, October 26, 1803, having left Simsbury, Hartford county, Connecticut, September 15th of the same year. Their journey was made in a wagon drawn by oxen, over almost impassable roads, and through an unbroken forest, and though other members of the colony were provided with teams of horses, such was the condi- tion of the roads that the naturally slowly oxen com- pleted the journey the sooner by several days. Mr. Gris-, wold, after his arrival, opened the first public house in Worthington in 1803. This public house he conducted during the remainder of his life, and at his death, was succeeded by his son, George H. Griswold. Ezra Gris- wold died October 2, 1822. His wife survived him, and died May 31, 1847. George Harlow Griswold, son of Ezra and Ruth Gris- wold, and the subject of this sketch, was born in Sims- bury, Connecticut, May 21, 1795. At the time of the removal of the family to Ohio, he was eight years of age. He remained with his parents until he arrived at the age of twenty-five years, when he was married May 21, 1820, to Miss Mila Thompson, daughter of Judge William Thompson, who emigrated with his family from Mass- achusetts to Worthington in 1803. She was born June 18, 1798. The ceremony of marriage was performed by Bishop Philander Chase, first bishop of the Protestant Episcopal church in Ohio. After marriage they settled in his father’s house on the northeast corner of the public square, in Worthington, where they ever after lived. Mr. Griswold, together with each member of the little community, was much interested in the cause of educa- tion, and became one of the founders and promoters of the Worthington academy, of which institution he was the treasurer for many years. His business, during his life, was of a varied and general character, in the course of which, and during a scarcity of currency, in the year 1819 he issued his individual currency to a large amount, all of which he afterward fully redeemed. He was also engaged in farming, in addition to the other pursuits he followed, and in the course of along and active life, ac- cumulated a large property. For many years he was well known as General Griswold, a title obtained from his connection with, and the interest he had in the militia service during the old times of “general muster.” A man possessed of superior mental endowments, he exerted a potent influence over his fellow-men, and early became a prominent and influential citizen. From his well-known character as a correct business man, he was almost constantly the recipient of offices within the gift of the people, and always discharged the duties pertain-. ing to them with ability and fidelity. Both General Griswold and his wife were early mem- bers of the Protestant Episcopal church, which Mrs. Griswold joined on the day of her marriage, and of which she was a worthy and consistent member to the day of her death. She was a true woman as well as a true christian, always the same—modest, retiring, gentle, kind, respected and loved by all who knew her. She was the mother of eight children, four of whom, one son and three daughters, are still living. She died in Worthington, February 21, 1871. General Griswold survived her, and died March 9, 1876, at his residence or the residence of hisson, W. F. Griswold, with whom he made his home after the death of his wife. Portraits of George Harlow Griswold and Mrs. Mila Griswold, his wife, accompany this sketch. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 427 G. H. Griswold was elected mayor; Flavel Tuller, re- corder, Elias Lewis, Nathan Mason, George Taylor, An- sel Mattoon, and Kingsley Ray, trustees. The corpora- tion limits were extended February 29, 1856. In 1873 the corporation and township, jointly, bought a building from the Worthington school-board, for use as a town-hall. The cost of the building was two thousand five hundred dollars. The upper story was soon after- ward sold to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, for use as a lodge-hall. The present corporation officers are: Dr. W. W. Bickett, mayor; Dr. O. Johnson, clerk; W. F. Griswold, treasurer; James Beers, marshal; Horatio Wright, William Yonel, S. T. Martin, F. F. Tuller, Dr. T. B. Asbury, and I. N. Wells, council. POST-OFFICE, The post-office at Worthington was established in 1805, in which year William Robe was appointed postmaster. He continued in charge until 1815, when Arora Buttles was appointed. Recompense Stansberry was appointed in 1821, and remained in charge of the office until 1841, when R. W. Cowles was appointed. He died the same year, and Recompense Stansberry was re-appointed and continued in the office until his death, in 1843. He was succeeded by George H. Griswold, who administered the office until 1849, when George Taylor took charge of it. He remained in the office until 1853, when George H. Griswold was re-appointed. Charles Martin, jr., was ap- pointed in 1857, and was succeeded by George Taylor in 1861. Since that time there have been several post- masters: Mr, Carpenter, A. S. Wood, Mrs. Sanderson, D. H. Nash, T. B. Randall, T. B. Asbury, and the pres- ent incumbent, F. W. Bishop, who was appointed in 1877. A money-order department was established in connection with the office July 1, 1874. A railroad station was erected on the Cleveland, Co- lumbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis railroad, three miles north of Worthington, in 1868, and called Westerville station. The same season a post-office was established at the depot, and was named Flint post-office. A. J. Willoughby was the first postmaster, but Solomon Tim- mons, as deputy, had charge of the office. H. M. & H. C. Johnson surveyed village lots near the station the same year. A small store was opened at this point, in 1869, by Creighton Eakin. In 1872 H. W. Johnson was ap- pointed postmaster, and engaged in merchandising about the same time. The office has since been kept at his store. PHYSICIANS. The first physician who practiced medicine in Worth- ington—Dr. Josiah Topping—came with the first mem- bers of the Scioto company in 1803. Dr. Lamb came soon after, and remained until 1806, when his wife died, and he sold his property, removing to Delaware. Dr. James H. Hill came to Worthington about 1810, and practiced medicine until 1818, when he sold his practice to Dr. Daniel Upson. Dr. Wetmore practiced in 1820, and for many years thereafter, until about 1850, when he removed to Columbus. Dr. Kingsley Ray came some time after Dr. Upson, but did not remain in practice here long. He was of the. regular old school, and the people of Worthington were favorable to the practice taught in the Medical College, which was the botanic school. This was represented by Drs. Morrow, Jones, Paddock, and others. The present physicians of Worth- ington are Drs. Asbury, Johnson, Bickett, and Lewis. Dr. George R. Snow came with his father, John Snow, in about 1816, then a young boy. He studied medicine in Worthington, where he commenced practice about 1830. After about ten or twelve years he moved to Co- lumbus, where he practiced some ten years, when he re- turned to Worthington. In about 1852 he engaged in mercantile business, and remained at this until about 1858, when he failed. He died some ten years later, leaving a widow, one son, and two daughters. He was a prominent and successful physician who stood high in the profession. WORTHINGTON MANUFACTURING COMPANY. In 1811, Colonel James Kilbourn and others formed a stock company, and were incorporated under the above name, Colonel Kilbourn being president and general agent of the company. A tract of land, lying adjoining the village on the southwest, was cleared and improved, and in two or three years the company had a large fac- tory in operation. They manufactured woolen cloth, run a tannery, a shoe shop, cabinet shop, hat shop, black- smith shop, besides other industries. They had stores in Worthington, Franklinton, and Columbus, and issued their own bank notes, which were in general circulation. A part of the stockholders lived in the east, but invested considerable sums of money in the business. The fac- tory furnished employment for a large number of work- men, who were mostly paid from the stores of the com- pany. In 1819 or 1820 the concern failed, and those who had invested money in it were heavy losers. While in operation, it contributed largely to the growth and prosperity of the place, and its downfall forced many of the workmen to change their vocation, or seek homes in some other place. The land on which the old factory stood is now included in the village of Worthington, but no vestige now remains of the works where so many busy hands were employed in that early day. NEWSPAPERS. The first newspaper published in Franklin county, was at Worthington, in 1811. It was started by Col. James Kilbourn, who was the first owner, and was called the Western Intelligencer. He continued its publication but a short time, when he sold it to other parties, and, in 1814, the office and material were removed to Columbus, where it was published by P. H. Olmsted, Joel Buttles, and Ezra Griswold. Its name was changed to the West ern Intelligencer and Columbus Gazette. Since that time it has passed through many hands, and was the original foundation of the Ohzo State Journal. When published in Worthington, in 1812, it supported James Madison for the presidency. About the year 1818, or 1819, an- other paper was started in Worthington——the fourth one published in the county. Its projectors were Ezra Gris- wold, jr., and Caleb Howard. It was called the Frank- 428 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. lin Chronicle, and was short‘lived, being discontinued in about two years. SCHOOLS. WORTHINGTON ACADEMY. From the date of the first settlement of Sharon town- ship and the village of Worthington, a great interest was taken in the cause of education, the early settlers com- ing from a section of the country, where they had re- ceived the benefits of good schools. Almost the first building erected was one for use as a school-house, in which a school was commenced the same season, From this beginning the settlers procured from the legislature, on the twentieth day of February, 1808, an act incor- porating a school under the name of Worthington Academy. This school was conducted under the above name, with a good degree of success, until the eighth day of February, 1819, when a new charter was obtained, incorporating the school under the name of the WORTHINGTON COLLEGE, The services of Rev. Philander Chase, an Episcopal clergyman, who was elected, the previous year, to the bishopric of Ohio, were secured: as principal. His epis- copal duties soon caused him to withdraw from the col- ‘lege, and for a time his son, Rev. Philander Chase, jr., had charge of it. The trustees of the college were Phil- ander Chase, James Kilbourn, Thomas S. Webb, Chester Griswold, Recompense Stansberry, Chauncey Baker, Stephen Maynard, Ezra Griswold, Benjamin Gardiner, Orris Parish, Lucas Sullivant, and Leonard H. Cowles. At the time of passing the act of incorporation of Worth- ington college, the act incorporating Worthington academy was repealed. Worthington college was con- tinued as such until about 1832, when a charter was pro- cured incorporating the REFORMED MEDICAL COLLEGE. The first faculty of this college were Drs. ‘IT. V. Mor- row, president; I. G. Jones and Paddock as professors. The medical college was conducted some ten years, and had a large attendance. The botanic practice was taught and a large number of practitioners were sent out. The college finally came into disrepute among the citizens from the fact that the students did not respect the sanctity of the grave in procuring subjects for dissection. Several times the school was threatened by an indignant people, and about 1842 or 1843 it was discontinued here, and removed to Cincinnati, where it was remodeled and transformed into the present Eclectic Medical college of that city. The old college building was torn down in 1875, and the present fine public school buildings erected in the rear of its site, on the same lot. PREPARATORY SCHOOL, A branch was started in Worthington by Rev. P. $. Ruth, an Episcopal clergyman, for the purpose of prepar- ing youth for the grammar school of Kenyon college. The old hotel property, formerly owned by Col. James Kilbourn, and situated on the southwest corner of the public square, was purchased. ‘The funds for this pur- chase were partly procured from the accumulation of the old college property, and partly from subscriptions. Mr. Ruth conducted a good school, with a fair number of students, until after the breaking out of the war, when the attendance fell off, and in 1863 the school was aban- doned. The building was turned over to the school- board of Worthington public schools, with the rest of the old college property, by special act of the legislature, in 1873. The board soon after sold the building to I. N. Wells, who now occupies it as a residence. FEMALE SEMINARY. In 1835 Rev. Jacob Young, a presiding elder in the Methodist Episcopal church, was assigned to the Colum- bus district. He had long had in his mind the establish- ment of a female seminary, but had not yet found a com- munity that felt as he did. When he visited Worthington he found the people of whom he was in search, and here he found a lady, Miss Sarepta Marsh, who was well calculated to have the charge of such a school. He was ably seconded by Rev. Uriah Heath, who came on the circuit in 1839, and by Rev. William Herr, of Columbus. A small school was at first started under the care of Miss Marsh. ‘This prospered and was soon moved into the Masonic building. In 1839 Miss Marsh, Uriah Heath, L. L. Hamline, William Herr, and Jacob Young, pre- sented the matter before the conference, which met at Xenia. They had already raised quite a sum of money for the cause, by subscription. The conference looked on the project with favor, and a building was soon erected. Although commenced in 1839, it was not completed until 1841 or 1842. A charter was obtained for this, the first female seminary of the Methodist church in the west. It was continued as a seminary for many years, but was finally given up, as there were many similar institutions of learning in other parts of the State. For a number of years no regular school was kept up, but the hall was rented for institutes and private schools. The building and grounds were finally sold to Messrs. Mitchell and Ogden, for very much less than it cost. A school has been conducted in the old seminary building since 1871, by one of the purchasers. OHIO CENTRAL NORMAL SCHOOL, In 1871, Messrs. Mitchell and Ogden purchased the property known as the Worthington Female Seminary, which included three acres of land, and a large four-story brick building, with ample accommodations for one hun- dred and fifty or two hundred students. A normal school was inaugurated in September, 1871, which, from the start, received a large patronage. The attendance, the first year, was one hundred and eleven; the second year it had increased to one hundred and seventy-eight, with a graduating class of eight. The third year, Professor Mitchell engaged in another profession, and the school was left in charge of Professors Ogden and Lewis. This year the attendance was two hundred and fifteen, with a graduating class of seventeen. In January, 1875, Mr. Lewis withdrew, and Professor Ogden was assisted by Rey. Charles H. Young, rector of the Episcopal church, in Worthington; also, by Miss Carrie Semple, and six members of the senior class, as tutors. ‘The attendance Ble cme REV. WILLIAM T. SNOW was born at Providence, Rhode Island, January 1, 1803. He was the first child of John Snow and Mary Thurs- | ton. When quite a youth, his father moved with his family from Providence to Worthington, Ohio. William T., after acquiring a liberal education, returned to the east, and kept the books of a large cotton factory, owned by a relative, where he applied himself with his accus- tomed diligence and success to acquire a knowledge of the art of manufacturing textile fabrics. Returning to his home in Worthington, his mind and soul became deeply interested in religion. He was converted, and soon after was ordained a minister in the Methodist Episcopal church. He continued to travel and labor with great success as an itinerant minister in Ohio, West- ern Virginia, and Michigan, for about twelve years. Dur- ing this time he had married Elicta, daughter of Captain Gad Chamberlin, of Rome, Michigan. Mr. Snow’s deli- cate constitution gave way under his great exertions and exposures, so that in 1836 he retired to his farm in Oak- land county, Michigan. Here his active mind was at work, and he was soon a leading citizen of the county, holding important positions, and representing his county in the legislature. In 1855 he removed with his family to Worthington, Ohio, for the purpose of educating his daughters. His untiring industry would not permit him to remain idle. He soon after engaged in business in Worthington, opening a dry goods and general store, which he continued until September, 1873, when he sold Lies Bike = out to B. Crook, and retired from business. “Mr. Snow, after giving up the circuit, continued to preach, without compensation, as opportunity offered, while he lived; and was particularly useful, while in Michigan, in preach- ing to and teaching the Indians. It is related that an old Indian chief, who had been converted under Mr. Snow’s ministry, removed some eighty miles into the wilderness. He died there, and his last words com- manded his wife to go and tell Elder Snow, that it was “a good die.” The faithful wife walked the entire dis- tance to deliver the message from the dying chief. Mr. Snow died January 16, 1875, at his home in Worthington, Ohio, in great peace, sustained by the faith he professed, leaving his aged wife, a model of piety and benevolence, surviving him. He was the father of ten children. ‘The eldest, Mary, wife of Dr. Carr, of Michi- gan, died many years ago. Five survive their father— Lida H., wife of John G. McGuffey, of Columbus, Ohio; Julia C., wife of Rev. T. S. Stivers, of Pomeroy, Ohio; Nettie J., wife of C. E. Stivers, of Chattanooga, Tennes- see; Susan B., and Jennie D. The distinguishing features of Mr. Snow’s character were a bright, strong, and active mind, industrious and systematic in business; prompt and exact in all business engagements; clear and concise as a pulpit orator, and an exalted trust in providence. He was greatly loved and deeply mourned. JOHN SNow. The subject of this biographical sketch, was born in the city of Prov- idence, Rhode Island, the fifteenth of February, 1780. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to Mr. Dodge, of that city, who was en- gaged in the manufacture of jewelry,. where he remained for seven years. After attaining his majority, and completing his term of service, he removed to Newport, in the same State, where he prosecuted the business of manufacturing jewelry for two years. The close application he was required to give to his work injured his health, and he was ad- vised to engage in some less sedentary avocation. He then returned to Providence, where he engaged in the mercantile business, at which he continued until 1817, when he emigrated to Ohio. He was married, March 22, 1802, to Mary Thurston, a grandniece of E. Wanton, first colonial governor of Rhode Island. To them were born four children, three of whom lived to maturity: William T., who became a respected and honored minister of the Methodist church, and died at Worthington; George R., who became a physician and druggist, and also died in Worthington; and John W., who went to New Orleans, where he died. John Snow was initiated into the mysteries of free masonry in Mount Vernon lodge, Providence, February 14, 1809. In the second year of his membership, he was elected as master of the lodge, which position he continued to occupy, with honor to himself and great benefit to the craft, until he removed to his new home and the scene of his future labors, in the new State of Ohio. His earliest masonic record after his settlement in Ohio, appears on the minutes of a special meeting of New England Lodge, No. 4, at Worthington, September 29, 1817, where he was registered as a visiting member. Thomas Smith Webb, an early and life-time friend, and his masonic preceptor, was also a member of the same lodge. On the seventh of October, 1818, he was elected as master of New England lodge. It was while he occupied this position that the masonic fraternity of the State availed themselves of his emi- nent qualifications, and assigned him to the onerous duties of grand master and grand lecturer for the State. In this character, he was re- quired to Visit every lodge in the State, inspecting their records, cor- recting irregularities, and reducing the work and lectures to a system of harmony and order. By a succession of re-elections, he continued to hold the office of master of New England lodge until October 30, 1822, when he made an eloquent address to the lodge on the subject of electing officers, and concluded by declining further service as master of the lodge. Notwithstanding his declination to serve, he was unani- mously re-elegted; but, positively declining to serve further, James R. Pearce was elected his successor. Subsequently to this time the lodge voted — “That Brother John Snow, our late worshipful master, has manifested an ex- traordinary attachment to the principles and institutions of masonry, and zeal for the stability and honor of the order, during the time he has acted as presiding officer of the lodge; and that he is eminently entitled to our gratitude for the masonic knowledge he has diffused among us, and for having originated and prosecuted the undertaking of erecting the Masonic hall in this town.” In 1827, having retired from the chair he had so long occupied in the grand lodge, he again accepted the office of master of New England lodge, which he held continuously until 1832, when he again declined to serve. His masonic zeal was not confined to the duties connected with the lodge, nor was it limited to ‘‘ancient craft masonry.’’ He was prominent as a Royal Arch mason, and was the first grand commander of the first encampment of christian knighthood northwest of the Ohio river. He was elected to the office of high priest of Horeb Chapter, No. 3, of Worthington, November 17, 1818, which position he filled with zeal and faithfulness until 1822, when, for the same reasons that he declined office in the lodge, he refused to succeed to the office of high priest of the chapter. He was again elected to the same office in 1827, and served in this connection three successive terms, and during this time was voted, by his companions, a silver cup, as a testimonial to his services in the erection of Masonic hall. On the fourteenth of March, 1818, Sir John Snow received from M. E. Thomas Smith Webb, deputy-general grand master of the general grand encampment of the United States, a dispensation authorizing him to assemble together, in the town of Worthington, in the State of Ohio, a sufficient and legal number of Knights Templar, Knights of Malta, and of the Red Cross, and open a council and encampment in said town, and therein confer said orders upon such tried and worthy companions of the Royal Arch, as may make application for the same. Accordingly, all knights residing within the distance of forty miles were summoned to convene with him on the fifteenth of March, 1818, at which time and place appeared Sir Thomas S. Webb, from the general grand encampment of the United States, and grand encampment of Massachusetts and Rhode Island; Sir John Snow, hailing from St. John's encampment, Rhode Island; and Sir Frederick A. Curtis, hailing from encampment, Ireland. On the twentieth of March, 1818, an encampment of Knights Templar was opened, and sundry applicants were admitted to the order. On the twenty-seventh of January, 1822, the general grand encamp- ment of the United States, Sir Dewitt Clinton presiding, granted to Sir John Snow, and his associates, a charter ‘‘to form, open, and hold an encampment of the valiant and magnanimous orders of R. C. K. T., and K. of M., or order of St. John of Jerusalem, by the name, style and title of Mt. Vernon encampment.” ‘To this encampment, Sir John Snow was appointed first grand commander, to which office he suc- ceeded until 1830, when the infirmities of age admonished him to retire from the active duties pertaining to the order. During his declining years Mr. Snow devoted his time to the man- agement of the drug business, which he opened in Worthington, and at which he continued during the remainder of his life, which closed at Worthington, May 16, 1852.* *The biography of Sir John Snow has been compiled from the printed records of the proceedings of the grand lodge of Ohio, for the year 1853, aided by such additional information as could be obtained from family records. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 429 that year was two hundred and fourteen, with a gradu- ating class of twenty. The course of study embraces a review of the common branches, the higher branches, and the languages. In addition, there is a professional course, embracing the whole doctrine of educational growth and progress. Two new departments have re- cently been added to the school, viz.: a model school, composed of three grades—primary, intermediate and high school, and a genuine Kindergarten, for the purpose of training teachers, as well as exhibiting the true meth- ods of culture for little children. A normal institute, of five or six weeks, in July and August, of each year, is an important feature of the school. For the year 1879, the school is under the care of John Ogden, A. M., as prin- cipal, and W. H. Tibbals, A. M., as assistant principal. The school has been re-organized the present season, by Professor Ogden, who is now the owner of the property. PUBLIC SCHOOLS, From the organization of Worthington there has been in the village a regularly kept public school; even before the State school law was enacted, was this the case. After the passage of that law, a common district school was taught, two or three terms during each year. Soon after 1850, the district was enlarged, and the number of youth became so many, that two teachers were employed. This is the first origin of the Worthington public schools. A two-story brick building was erected in the rear of the Episcopal church lot, for the accommodation of these schools, about the year 1856. On the twenty-third of March, 1861, the upper story of the building was leased to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, for a term of five years, to be used by them as a lodge hall. Previous to 1870, the school board decided that the building. was inadequate to the uses of the school, and in 1871 it was sold to the corporation and township. The schools were removed to the old college building, where they were continued some two years. In 1873, the present fine public school building was erected in the rear of the site of the old college building, the land reserved on the formation of the town being turned over to the control of the school board, by act of the legislature, in that year. The trustees received from the sale of the old building, two thousand five hundred dollars, and raised six thousand dollars by means of bonds. A sum of fifteen hundred dollars was also received from the sale of the Kilbourn hotel property, which had previously come into the possession of the school board. CHURCHES. ST. JOHN’S EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Immediately on the arrival of the first of the early set- tlers, means were provided for all to hear the preaching | of the gospel. The first house built after the settlement of the colony, was a log school-house. Colonel James Kilbourn had taken deacon’s orders in the Episcopal church, and on him devolved the responsibility of the religious instruction of the community. Regular services were held during the latter part of 1803, and in the year 1804, the first Episcopal church, west of the Allegheny mountains, was organized at Worthington. In 1807 the academy was built, and, the same year, St. John’s Epis- copal church, at Worthington, was incorporated as such by the State legislature. Rev. James Kilbourn was the officiating minister until 1817, when Rev. Philander Chase came and settled in Worthington. He had taken priest’s orders, and, on his arrival, took charge of the parish. He also established several stations in some of the adjoining country. In 1818, the second convention of the Episcopal church in Ohio, was held in Worthing- ton, and, at this time, Rev. Philander Chase was elected the first bishop of the diocese of Ohio. Worthington has the honor of establishing the first Episcopal church in Ohio, and of furnishing the first bishop of the State. When the land belonging to the Scioto company was ap- portioned to the colonists, a lot of eighty acres was re- served for church purposes. This, with its rents, has always stood as the property of St. John’s Episcopal church. The congregation of St. John’s occupied a part of the academy building for church purposes until, in 1828, a church building was commenced, which was completed the following year. Bishop Chase remained in charge of the parish of St. John’s until 1826, in which year he purchased the land on which Kenyon college now stands, in Gambier, Knox county. He was suc- ceeded in the ministration of the church by Rev. M. T. C. Wing, who had taken deacon’s orders. Since that time, a period of fifty-six years, many changes have been made in the rectors of the church, as well as in the con- gregation, nearly, if not quite, all of whom have found a last resting place in the home of the dead, at the rear of the church. The present rector is the Rev. Charles E. Young, who entered upon the duties connected with St. John’s parish in 1875. METHODIST CHURCH. As early as 1811, Revs. Mitchell and Sabins held a eamp meeting on what was afterwards the factory grounds, in the west extension of Worthington village, at which time a great interest was taken, many making a profession of religion. a family in Mifflin, but he, himself, removed to Auglaize county in 1834, where he remained until his death. John Saul, another settler from Pennsylvania, was one of those who arrived early in the township. He located on Big Walnut, and there raised a family. Three of his daughters, Lydia Jacobs, Ann Shanks, and Polly Sher- rick, are now residents of the township. James Price, a native of Maryland, but for some years a resident of Virginia, came to Mifflin in 1811, and settled where his son, Hugh, now lives, on the Price road, near Big -Walnut, there being at the time no other settlers in the east part of the township, except the Ridenours, where Gahanna now stands. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Besides being a farmer, he was by occupation a blacksmith, and if not the-first in the township, was cer- tainly the first in the east part. He also served as justice of the peace. He died in 1853. His family consisted, when he came to Mifflin, of only a wife, Mary McComb, of Virginia, and one child, Jane, now in Adams county, - Illinois. The children born after settlement, were: Har- riet, deceased, Hugh, Eliza, who lives in Iowa, Will- iam, deceased ; Oliver P., who lives in Indianapolis; and James, who died in 1862. Robert Wert came with James Price, and, like him, was a soldier of the war of . 1812. Stephen R. Price, father of James, became a settler in the township in 1815, but bought land there as early as 1808, when he made an inspecting trip. He was - one of the most intelligent and well informed of the pio- neers, having been educated in London, England, for the ministry. In 1776, when he was nineteen years of ‘age, he ran away to the United States and enlisted in the _»American army, and served all through the war. He took a prominent part in the affairs of Mifflin, and a year after -his arrival was elected justice of the peace, and subse- sequently re-elected three times. He died in 1832. John Scott and his sons were squatters, east of Big ‘Walnut creek, in 1811, when James Price arrived. They ‘came through the country with the surveying parties of -Thomas Worthington, Duncan McArthur, and Nathaniel Massie. John Scott, jr., subsequently settled near Ga- ‘hanna, and. Andrew in Fairfield county. The Deans were prominent and early settlers, arriving soon-after 1810,.or, possibly, in that year, and taking up a thousand acres of land in the western part of the town- ship. The family consisted of Lebious Dean, his wife, Rhua, and several sons, among them Ebenezer, who be- came a permanent settler. They made their settlement very nearly upon the ground now occupied by Francis B. Dean’s house, and where there originally stood a giant sycamore tree, so large that, after it was prostrate, a horse and rider could pass through its hollow. Ebenezer Dean built one of the earliest mills in the township, which is elsewhere spoken of. He was one of the township’s most active residents until his death, in 1841. He married Rachel Dalzell, of New York State, who is still living, in Columbus. Their children were: Francis B., a resident of Mifflin; Robert D. and John, citizens of Columbus; George (deceased), Ebenezer, and Sally Maria. Luther Patterson and his son, Philander, the latter still a resident, came in from Massachusetts, in 1816, and set- tled on Alum creek. A daughter, Laura, married Simeon Moore, one of the early settlers of Blendon. Andrew S. Smiley, a brother-in-law of Stephen R. Price, settled south of the latter on Big Walnut, in 1816. James Latta, a native of Westmoreland county, Penn- sylvania, came to the township, on foot, in 1818, to make arrangements for the settlement of his family, who came in a flat-boat, by way of the Ohio river, and thence up the Scioto, shortly after. His father had about eight hundred acres of land in the township, and James Latta and his wife, Elizabeth, located upon it, near the east line of the township. He died in 1826, leaving a family of eight children: Martha, Sarah, and Mary, now de- ceased; William and Hannah, in Miami county; John, a resident of Mifflin; James and Elizabeth, deceased. John Latta married, in 1842, Phebe T., daughter of .Robert Paull. John Starrett came with the Lattas. He became quite noted asa local school-teacher, and was a resident of the township until his death, in 1859, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. William Smith was a settler of the period of 1820, and a native of Pennsylvania. He settled in the northeastern part of the township.. Nathaniel Harris came into the county in 1814, from the State of New York, and was noted as a singing-teacher, and, afterwards, as a lawyer and doctor. He left the State in 1855, and located in Springfield, Illinois, where he now lives, aged eighty-nine years. He was twice mar- ried. One son, Edwin, is now a resident of Gahanna. William Dalzell and Henry Zinn came in about 1818. D. Stygler; son of John and Bulah Stygler, of Belmont county, Ohio, natives of Virginia, who emigrated from there in 1810, came into Mifflin township in 1825, and beginning with nothing, has attained a large property. The farm he first.settled upon in 1833, was the one up Walnut creek, on which his son now resides. He has since bought the property on which he resides, on the Columbus and Gahanna pike, and other real estate, amounting in all to about two hundred acres. He mar- ried Harriet, a daughter Zachariah Paull, of Truro town- ship. His daughter, Sarah Parks, lives in Plain town- ship; Leander, upon the old farm, which his father 486 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. cleared up; Many Jane is deceased; and William is in the township, upon a farm which is a part of his father’s accumulations. George Bartlett came in in 1825, and made the first improvement upon the Columbus and Gahanna pike, where Mrs. Culberson now lives. John Clark, a son of Joseph Clark, who was a settler of 1798, in Ross county, was born there in 1804, and in 1828, moved to Mifflin township, and made a clearing just east of the present site of Gahanna, upon a portion of the eight hundred acres lying in Mifflin and Jefferson townships, and bought by his father from Governor Worthington, in 1814. He has here handsome im- provements, including a fine residence, built in 1840. He married Mary Murray, by whom he has had seven children— Joseph, Elizabeth, William, Phebe, Harwood, James, and Rufus, all of whom aré living except Joseph, the first born. Robert Paull came into the township in 1830, from Berkeley county, Virginia, by wagon, and has cleared up the farm which is on the road from Gahanna to Central College, and in the northern part of the township. He had, by his first wife (who died before his removal to Ohio), two children—Robert and Phebe (Latta). He ~ died in 1852. Thomas G. Sclarock came to the township with his father, William Schrock, from Hampshire county, Vir- ginia, in 1831. There also came, at the same time, three others of the family—Pierce, William, and George, all three of whom are now dead. Mr. Thomas G. Schrock made his settlement, where he now lives, and upon the farm which he has cleared in 1834. He married Chris- tina, daughter of Isaac Griswold, the first female child born in Blendon township, by whom he has reared a family, of whom five are living, viz: Isaac W., Orentia, Ursulla Jane, Editha, and Lacylum. John Dalzell and his wife, Catharine, of Oneida county, New York, in 1831 or ’32, made their settlement in the township. John Dalzell had been, previous to his removal to Mifflin, a resident, since 1822, of Columbus, and a warden in the penitentiary. Zachariah Kramer came in in 1830, and settled north of Gahanna, and David Shull, in the same year, settled on the same farm, where the family now lives, which had been somewhat improved by Isaac Johnson, of Jeff- erson, then a squatter. About this time came, also, the Dills from Nova Scotia. There were John Dill and his wife, Sophia Beck- with, Their children were : Edward, who tives in Blen- don; William and George, in Mifflin; David, John, Au- gustus, Joseph, and James. Of the five last named, all are dead, except John, and he resides in Blendon. Augustus married Elizabeth Turney, by whom he had three children: William A., a resident of Blendon, and John B. and Joel W., of Delaware county. James Park, son of Amos and Sarah Park, of Ontario county, New York, came into Delaware county, in 1816, and from there into Franklin county, in 1830, where he located upon his present farm, on the Sunbury pike, in the northwestern section of Mifflin township, He mar- ried Margaret, a daughter of Frederick Agler. The elder Park followed his son into Mifflin, in 1832, and remained there till his death, in 1851. George and Ellen Harwood came in from Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1835, and located on the farm which the family improved, and upon which a son— Thomas—now lives, situated on the road from Gahanna to Central College. They had a large family: Eliza, John, Thomas, Charles, Benjamin, Harriet, and Alvin, of whom only Thomas survives. He married Christina Wilkins. Henry and Henrietta Carpenter came into Mifflin in 1839, from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and later moved into Jefferson township. Henry Carpenter died at the advanced age of one hundred and four years, and his wife at ninety-eight, both being people of wonderful strength and splendid health. Charles Carpenter, a son, is now a business man of Gahanna, and one of its lead- ing citizens. Ae has been several times a justice of the peace. A sister, Julia Ann (Beecher), lives in Indiana. Sarah Crouse Ramsey, widow of the late John Ramsey, son of Joel, an old settler of Plain township, and herself the daughter of Christian Crouse, of Strasburg, Germany, who came to Columbus in 1841, is a resident of the township. John Bagshaw, a native of England, is one of the most prominent of the later settlers, and an influ- ential man in the township. His farm, on Alum creek, has been almost entirely cleared up by him. Philip Keim, a native of Virginia, came into Mifflin, from Licking county, in 1851, and took up the place where his widow, Susan Keim, now resides. He was one of the useful men of the township, until his death, in 1858. Samuel Powell, a native of England, came to this coun- try in 1838, and located in Licking county, and, in 1852, removed to Mifflin, where he died in 1879. His widow, Matilda, daughter of John and Mary Keim, who came from Pennsylvania to Ohio, in 1826, resides upon the farm which her husband improved. VARIOUS FIRST THINGS. The first marriage in the township was that of James Scott, to Miss Judy McManaway. The first death was that of a daughter of Ake Anderson. The first cemetery was in the southwest part of the township, the one near the Mifflin chapel. It was here that Judge Read was buried, also Ebenezer Dean, and the Dalzells. Polly Smiley was buried at an early day near the Big Walnut, but the ground is not now used for burial pur- poses. The first tavern was kept by George Read, son, of Judge Read, where the water-cure establishment of Dr. Shepherd now is. It is probable that the first road ever traveled in the township was the old Zanesville road, leading to Columbus, and running through the southern part of the township. Some of the early set- tlers came in on this road, and then cut their way through the forest to their locations. This road was long since abandoned, except a little part which 1s still in use, and which lies just south of the new Orphans’ home. The first school-house was built on Big Walnut, where Gahanna now is; the second, on top of the hill, JESSE BAUGHMAN, Jesse Baughman, sonof George and Barbara (Steele) Baughman, was born in Washington county, Pennsyl- vania, on the eleventh of June, 1802. His parents were of the well-known Pennsylvania German blood. His father was a carpenter, but Jesse was brought up mainly on the farm, giving, however, some attention to educa- tion in the common schools of that time. In 1805 his parents removed to the country near New Albany, Plain township, Franklin county, and when Jesse was in his eleventh year, in 1812, they again removed, this time go- ing to. Mifflin township, where they lived upon a farm, -.and where both died in the fullness of years. Young Baughman was married May 26, 1825, to Miss Catharine Turney, of Mifflin, and settled on the old farm till after his second marriage (his first wife died December 1, 1838), which occurred May 3, 1840, and was to Miss Mary Albery, a young lady of a German-English family, residing in Jefferson township, and sister of Judge Al- bery, of Columbus. He was the founder and original proprietor of the village of Bridgeport, which he laid off in 1853. In 1859 Mr. Baughman built the first grist- mill ever erected in Mifflin township, at Gahanna, and managed it with success until 1865, when he sold out on account of poor health, and afterwards did some light labor. in farming, but mostly lived a retired, quiet life, free from manual labor. He served as county commis- sioner for Franklin county one term—1853-5, and was quite often elected township trustee, assessor, land ap- _praiser, and to various other minor offices. He was one of the first to promote the organization of the Franklin county pioneer association, of which he remained an ac- tive member. He was a Democrat in politics, and a Presbyterian in his religious convictions, ever an active man in church and Sabbath-school. He died in Gahanna on the last day of 1878, much lamented by a great number of relatives and friends. In an autobio- graphical notice which he contributed to the newspapers some years ago, he said of himself, and, doubiless, with the utmost truthfulness: “In all my dealings I have never been sued, neither have I ever sued any one. I never spent twenty-five cents for cigars or tobacco, and was never Intoxicated in those seventy-three years ”—[the time he had then resided in the county]. By his first marriage Mr. Baughman had five children —four sons and one daughter—of whom four are living: Rev. George Baughman, a clergyman resident in Eaton, Preble county, Ohio; Joel, a farmer near Gahanna; Josiah, an engineer at Westerville, and Mary Ann, now Mrs. Eskridge Carter, wife of a farmer in Blendon town- ship. Seven children—three sons and four daughters— were the issue of the second marriage. Four of them yet survive: William Sandford Baughman, a farmer near Gahanna; Francis, a lawyer at Battle Mountain, Nevada; Esther Josephine, now Mrs. Robert Collier, residing at No. 152 Hamilton avenue, Columbus, and Lewis Clif- ford Baughman, the youngest child, yet at the old home in Gahanna, residing with his mother, who is still, though somewhat advanced in years, in vigorous health, and gives promise of long life. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. west of Alum creek, and on what is known as the Alum creek road; and the third, in the Parks neighborhood. The first brick house was built by Judge Read, about | 1815, but one was erected by Andrew Agler about the same time—the one in which Peter Horlocker now lives. DEER HUNTING. James Price, father of Hugh Price, at present, a resi- dent of Mifflin township, was, in the early years of the settlement, a great hunter, and particularly fortunate in killing deer. He seemed to have a natural instinct for hunting; and his knowledge of the woods and of the habits of animals was so thorough that he seldom failed to come: home, within a half hour, with a haunch of veni- son on his shoulder, or some other game slung across his back, when he went into the woods with his trusty rifle. He supplied his own family and the neighbors with veni- son and other meats, and often, when the larder was low, his services were brought into requisition with good effect. It was thought that from the time of his arrival in Mifflin (1811) to the time that the deer disappeared from the woods (about 1848), he killed as many as five hundred deer, to say nothing of smaller game. He rid the country of wolves, too, as late as 1826, trapping an old she-wolf that had been a great source of annoyance to all the settlers, because of her frequent and very bold depredations. Mr. Price had some experiences which proved deer hunting not an altogether safe sport. One adventure, in particular, showed its danger. One evening, in Octo- ber, he took his small bore rifle and the tomahawk which he always carried, when hunting, and went into the woods to cut a few hoop poles, which he needed. It was cus- tomary in those days to carry a gun, whenever going any distance from the cabin, either for self-defence, or to bring down any game that might, by chance, be seen. Mr. Price, on this occasion, had gone but a short distance when he saw a fine, large deer. He fired, and it fell. Supposing it to be dead, he went up to the animal, laid his gun down, and prepared to remove the skin and choice parts of meat. Just as he drew his tomahawk from his belt, the deer, quick as lightning, sprang to its feet, and came furiously athim. He aimeda blow at the deer’s head, but the handle of the tomahawk struck one of the deer’s horns, and the weapon flew from his hand many feet away. Then a life or death struggle com- menced between the weaponless man and the infuriated animal. The deer tried to gore Price with its horns, but he being a very strong man, succeeded in holding the animal so that it could not reach him. He was jerked violently backward and forward, however, and the deer’s sharp hoofs struck terrible blows upon his person, cutting entirely through his clothing, and producing pain- ful wounds. The deer jumped upon Price frequently, and finally, he became so weakened by the loss of blood and the violence of the battle that he was scarcely able to keep up. The fight lasted about half an hour, and just as Mr. Price was about to give up, it ended in a singular way. The deer setting its feet firmly in the ground, began to pull back with all its strength, and 487 when the strain was most severe, Mr. Price suddenly re- laxed his hold, thinking to dodge behind a tree before the animal could reach him. As he let go, the deer reared upon its hind feet, and fell heavily backward. As it made astruggle to rise, Mr. Price saw that one of its ' horns had become fast under the root of an elm tree. He was quick to take advantage of the situation, and drawing his pocket-knife, cut the deer’s throat. When Mr. Price arrived at home, he was in a very pitiable con- tion. His clothing was blood-stained, and hung upon his person in tatters, his face was cut and bruised, so as to be scarcely recognizable, and his left thumb was out of joint, and his strength completely gone. On another occasion, Mr. Price was so badly hurt by a deer that he had shot, that he only got home with great difficulty in half a day, although the distance he had to travel was not more than a mile and a half. CHURCHES. The Rev. Ebenezer Washburn, of Blendon, began preaching in Mifflin, in 18109, his first services being held in the barn of William Smith. This was the beginning of Presbyterianism in the township. In the same year the Rev. Charles Henkle founded a Lutheran church. These two denominations have ever since held the pre- cedence in the east part of the township. THE LUTHERAN CHURCH was the first one organized, though, as stated above, the Presbyterians were as early in holding religious services, and, it is also probable, that the Methodists were equally early, but this denomination, usually the pioneers of Christianity, were later in Mifflin than any other town- ship of the county. The first preaching by the Luther- ans was in George Ridenour’s house, at Daniel Forney’s and at Neiswender’s, in Jefferson township; after- wards, services were held at a school-house, in the same township, which was built by Michael Neiswender. The meetings were held in various localities, for the accom- modation, in turn, of the different settlements. The early members of the church (organized as above stated, in 1819) were: George and John Ridenour, Michael Neiswender, George Baughman, Jesse Baughman, David Ridenour, John Saul, Daniel Turney, Jonas Souder, and, perhaps, a few others. The house of worship was built in 1838, just north of the present site of Gahanna, and upon a lot donated, for the purpose, by Zachariah Kra- mer. An addition was found necessary, and was accord- ingly built, in 1843. The church has now a total mem- bership of one hundred and sixty persons, and is under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Lewis T. Meyer. The elders are Isaac Souder and G. Neiswender; Serenus Souder and Nicholas Heischman, deacons; Samuel Neis- wender, John Kramer, and John Souder, trustees. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, as shown by the record, was organized in 1840, by the Rev. Ebenezer Washburn and E. Fitch, who were ap- pointed to the duty by the presbytery of Columbus. The members were: James, Mary, Eliza, and Hugh Price, John Starritt and Martha Starritt, Mary Clark, Elizabeth Latta, Nathaniel and Sophronia Harris, George, 488 Eleanor, and Eliza Harwood, William and Jane Mc- Cutcheon, Edward, Jane, and Mary Dill, Susan Turney, Christiana Schrock, and Mary Starritt. George Har- wood, William McCutcheon, and Nathaniel C. Harris, were chosen as elders. The church edifice was built soon after the village of Gahanna, or Bridgport, was laid out. This church has now fifty-five members, and no resident minister. The elders are John Clark and Rob- ert Paull. Isaac Shull, Walter Paull, Jesse Price, Rufus Clark, and William Stygler, trustees; John Clark, treasurer. EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. This denomination has a church building at Gahanna, which was built in 1870. The society is not ina flourish- ing condition. The first class formed was at a consid- erably earlier date than the building of the church, and it consisted of Mr. H. Ulery, Elizabeth and Peter Neis- wender, and Polly Nofzger. ST. MARY’S OF THE SPRINGS is a seminary for young ladies; is under Catholic control, and is one of the well-known educational institutions of central Ohio. It is beautifully situated upon a gentle eminence, near the southwest corner of Mifflin township, and just three miles from Columbus. It is near the lines of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis and the Balti- more & Ohio railroads. It has claim to the latter part of its name from the fact that, within the extensive grounds, there are several excellent springs from which bubbles up an abundance of pure, cold water. There is also an iron spring, and one of white sulphur, which are said to be among the most valuable medicinal springs in the State. The institution, which has recently been in- corporated by the legislature, was established in 1868, and is now under the direct superintendence of the Dominican sisters, and also under the auspices of the bishop and clergy of Columbus, and the Rev. S. A. Clarkson, O. P. The superior is Mother Francis. The HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. PHYSICIANS. The first physician was Samuel Stambaugh, who com- menced practice in 1846, and remained until the fall of 1850, when he removed to California. His successors, who remained long enough to entitle them to mention, were Jonathan Flathery, Dr. Williams, John Baughman, who died in 1862, David Ridenour, who now lives in Indiana, and Frank Beatley, who now resides in Colum- bus. Of the physicians now in the township, all but one are located in Gahanna. Dr. R. P. Anderson, of the Eclectic school, and a graduate of one of the Cincinnati colleges, has been in practice about twenty-five years, He practiced in Albany, Plain township, until 1876, and then removed to his present location, where he has quite a large patronage. The other medical men are Thomas Young, -—- Sensenig, Wm. A. Wilson, and T. J. Clouse. academy is a large and well-built structure, three stories in height, and has all the conveniences and luxuries that belong to a place of its kind. The school is in a very flourishing condition, and has been well patronized from the time of its establishment. A handsome view of the seminary is given herewith. DR, SHEPHERD’S WATER-CURE. Dr. W. Shepherd has, in Mifflin township, a private sanitarium and water-cure, which has attained quite a wide celebrity. It is situated in the southwest corner of the township, upon the ‘Alum creek road, and is about four miles from the State house. The buildings are, in themselves, attractive, and ‘they ornament a beautiful landscape. The grounds are extensive, including about forty acres, and are tastefully laid off, and adorned with trees and all the varied greenery that can combine to lend beauty to the place. Dr. Shepherd, who is a grad- uate of the Eclectic medical college of Cincinnati, estab- lished the sanitarium in 1853. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PIGKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. MILLS IN MIFFLIN. Early in the history of the township, Ebenezer Dean built a saw-mill on Alum creek, which he run for a num- ber of years, and in which was sawed a vast deal of lum- ber used in the surrounding country. His son, Francis B. Dean, also operated the mill a number of years, and Judge Heyl was at one time its owner. This was the first mill in the township. The exact date at which it was built can not be ascertained, but it was undoubtedly earlier than 1825. James Park built a mill on the same creek about a mile up stream, and Andrew McElrain put up one, about where St. Mary’s seminary now stands, in 1839. Dr. William Janney, of Virginia, who was temporarily a resident of Mifflin, built a saw-mill, in 1837, upon Big Walnut. Samuel Powell had a steam saw-mill in operation for about ten years, near where his widow now resides. There are now steam saw-mills in, and near, Gahanna, the former owned by J. W. Caldwell, and the latter, upon fhe Columbus pike, owned by Eli Chrysler. The first and only grist-mill in the township was built in 1859, at Gahanna, by Joel and Jesse Baughman, and is still in operation. Eli and Elias Chrysler bought out the Baughmans in 1865. It subsequently passed through a series of ownerships, among the various proprietors, either wholy or in part, being Joel Baughman and Eli Chrysler, Edwin Harris, R. S. Katterman, and W. W. Ber- ris, the present owner. POST-OFFICES. The first post-office in the township was established at _ Gahanna, and is known by the name of the village in which it is located. Thomas Young had-the first commission as postmaster. Another was established on Alum creek, at Park’s saw- mill, in 1851, and Jeremiah Lasure was appointed post- master. Two years later he was succeeded by James Park. gate, upon the Columbus and Westerville turnpike, where it crosses the west line of the township. THE VILLAGE OF GAHANNA, OR BRIDGEPORT, is a hamlet of about three hundred population, of com- paratively recent growth. It is located in the east part of the township, upon Big Walnut creek, and midway between the northern and southern boundaries of the township. That portion of the village which is Gahanna, was laid out in 1849, by John Clark, esq., and the other, properly called Bridgeport, was laid out in 1853, by Jesse Baughman. The village was never incorporated. ‘The first place of residence which was built upon the site of Gahanna, was a log cabin, erected by John Ridenour, and dwelt in by John Starritt. The first tavern was kept by James-.Staley, and was.known as the Mifflin hotel. The first store was kept by Thomas Young, and the second by William Beecher. Gahanna has had a slow growth and very moderate business improvement. Three of the four churches of the township are situated in the village, and it has a good school, at present under the charge of Leonard Graham, of Reynoldsburg. William Ross is postmaster, storekeeper, and hotel landlord. ‘The It was established in 1849, and: This office has since been removed. to the toll-. ‘ absence. ‘gaged in mercantile business, at Gahanna, which he continued until 489 other stores are those of Mrs. S. A. Quinn and Mrs. F. M. Percy. Wagon making is carried on by John Zuber and Jonas Glick, and Jacob and Charles Breiret are manufacturers of carriages. Theodore Carpenter is a tinner and hardware dealer. . INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. Mifflin Lodge, No. 518, is a flourishing organization of Odd Fellows, which meets in Gahanna. It was in- stituted June 27, 1872, by Joseph Dowdall, P. G., and consisted of fhe following charter members: G. H. Gun- derman, S. L. Quinn, D. Hollen, W. Beechard, W. P. Dawson, C. Goodman, A. Mann, E. Ayres, L. Stagg, John Shilling, W. J. Cheney, John Miller, J. Winsor, and H. Cummins. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. SAMUEL L. QUINN. Samuel L, Quinn was born in Plain township, Franklin county, Jan- uary 5, 1833. His early life was passed at his boyhood's home, and here he obtained the rudiments of an education, which he afterwards improved -at Central college, where he commenced study when about eighteen years of age. He remained at college a number of years, pur- suing an irregular course of study, such as he deemed would be of most advantage to him during life, without attempting to take the prescribed course, and become a graduate. When about twenty-three or twenty- ‘four years of age, he. gave up his studies, and engaged in teaching, which vocation he followed some five years. He then spent some two years in travel, in the west, crossing the Rocky mountains during his Then returning to his home for a brief time, he, in 1866, en- 1873, when he was appointed-deputy sheriff of Franklin county, and disposed of his business in order. to. assume his official duties. He was a second time appointed to the same office, in which he served until August 13, 1876, when typhoid fever claimed himas a victim, and he died at the early age of forty-three. ‘ He was a member of the Young Mens’ Democratic club, of Colum- bus, and was held in high esteem by his fellow-members, who passed a series of resolutions on his death, among which was the following : Resolved, That we deeply deplore the loss .of.our brother, who had so many of the virtues that go to make up the true gentleman and patriotic citizen? that his memory will ever be cherished by us with kind recollections of true friendship, as he himself was true to his friends. In his death the county lost a faithful and efficient officer, his family a kind, affectionate, and loving husband and father, and the society in which he moved a warm-hearted, genial, and honorable member. He was married, April 9, 1861, to Miss Sarah A. Grant, of Jackson town- ship, who became to hima helpmeet, in every sense. To them were born five children, of whom death has taken three. Those living, are Louis and May. About a year after the death of her husband, Mrs. Quinn returned to Gahanna and engaged in mercantile business, in the building formerly occupied by her husband, and where she has since remained. EBENEZER BUTLER. Judge Ebenezer Butler, of Mifflin township, Franklin county, Ohio, was one of the earliest settlers of that township. He came from New York some years previous to the war of 1812. He was born in Con- necticut, near Hartford, in the year 1758. Following in Liographical order the incidents of his life, it appears that he was among the first of the revolutionary patriots who participated in the struggle of the Amer- ican colonies, in resisting British oppression. At the early age of eighteen, he responded to the call upon the people of Connecticut, and, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND 490 in conformity with the traditions of those trying times, he ‘eft his plow standing in the furrow,” received the ancient fire-lock from the hands of his mother, and joined General Putnam in the defence of Bunker Hill. After that memorable battle, he remained in the army until sickness compelled him to leave it. In imitation of the primitive custom, he married when quite young. His wife was Rebecca Davis. Not long after this event, he discovered that the central portion of the State of New York, then a part of the extreme western frontier of the country, offered attractive inducements to enterprise, and he determined to seek a new home there. He settled in the then small village of Pompey, where he received the appointment of land agent, for the sale of the State lands, and immediately began to prosper. Here his somewhat numerous family of children were born. Their names were Martha, Belinda, Aurelia, Flora, Mary, and Rebecca, the latter of whom died when quite young. To this number, two sons —Roswell and Manly — and a second daughter named Rebecca, were added. Belinda and Aurelia were educated at the Hamilton academy ; Flora and Mary were sent to Hartford, for the advantages of the higher studies and accomplishments. In progress of time, Mr. Butler was appointed to a judicial position on the local bench, and elected to the legislature of his adopted State. He was the contemporary and neighbor of the father of Gerrit Smith; each the possessor of a very extensive landed estate. Judge. Butler, in the prime of life, was a man of remarkable capacity for business enter- prise, engaging with equal facility and uniform success in merchandise and farming—in the milling business, and in ocean commerce, becom- ing largely interested in foreign trade, and the owner of a considerable investment in vessels. He had formed a partnership with a Mr. Phillips, and, during his necessary presence in Albany, in attendance upon the legislature, his partner succeeded in defrauding him of a large sum of money, with which he absconded. Succeeding this event, came the embargo of 1807, which ruined his shipping interests. The result of these successive misfortunes was an embarrassment so serious that he was compelled to bring to a close his large and varied business transactions. Upon a settlement with his creditors, which was accom- plished with rigid conformity to the rules of honor, which governed him in all his transactions, he found himself still in possession of a small reserve of capital, with which to begin life anew, in the now populous and prosperous State of Ohio, then one of the youngest of the States, presenting, in the superior advantages of its agricultural lands, induce- ments which attracted a large emigration from the eastern States, and - offering, as he conceived, an inviting opportunity for the retrieval of his fortune. He bravely resolved to make the change, and, accordingly, joined the throng of emigrants to this then far western locality, L ringing with him his entire family, with the exception of his oldest daughter, who had married Mr. Atwater, an attorney-at-law in the State of New York. He came directly to Franklin county, and entered lands to the amount of some seven hundred acres, on Alum creek, about seven miles north of the site of the future city of Columbus. The location was an PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. almost unbroken wilderness. ‘I'he scattered settlers were too few as yet, too impoverished, and too laboriously occupied in securing for their own households the subsistence they required, to render much of neigh- borly aid to each other. The lot of the early pioneer in this State wis one which it is hard to realize. W.th his own hands, and with such help as he could, with difficulty, obtain, he built a log house for an im- mediate home. In his oldest son Roswell—he had a very efficient assistant, in the struggle with the difficulties which beset his efforts. It is related of this son, that he was very popular with the pioneers, who were often benefitted by his superior intelligence. His death, by drowning, at an early age, was felt as a great loss in the neighborhood. In their new and trying experience, Judge Butler's daughters put to practica] use the advantages of education which they had acquired in their more prosperous days. One of them— Aurelia— opened a school in the village of Franklinton, on the opposite side of the river from Columbus. The third daughter—Flora—found an opportunity to establish a school for voung ladies, in J.ancaster, then one of the most thriving towns in the State, some thirty miles distant. Her hand was soon sought by Mr. Christian King, the leading merchant of the place, and the fourth daughter— Mary —took the school, and retained it until her marriage with Mr. Richaid Douglass, an attorney-at-law, residing in Chillicothe. His daughter, Aurelia, married Judge Orris Parrish, of Columbus. The exposure encountered at the burning of his home, which caught fire by some accident, and was consumed so rapidly that the inmates barely escaped, seriously impaired his health, and an attack of fever subsequently occurred, which occasioned his death, in 1826, in the sixty-cighth year of his age. THOMAS HARWARD. The subject of this sketch was born in Morgan county, Ohio, De- cember 26, 1816. His parents were George and Ellen Harward, who came to this State from Pennsylvania when quite young, and were married in Ohio. They raised nine children, of whom Thomas was the first in order of birth. In 1835 the family came to Franklin county, and located in Mifflin township, a mile and a half north of Gahanna, where George Harward purchased ninety acres of land, to which he afterward added, by purchase, one hundred and thirty-four acres. After his death, Thomas Harward bought the interest of the other heirs in the estate, and, in 1862, built a substantial brick house on the place, in which, with his family, he now lives. He has been a hard-working and industrious man, economical in his habits, and strongly attached to his home. He was married, in 1864, to Christine Wilking, and has a family of five children, as follows: Carrie 2., Emma May, Charles, Alvin, and Arthur, all of whom are living at home. Both Mr. and Mrs. Harward are members of the Presbyterian church, with which thev have been connected many years. NORWICH. This township originally constituted a part of Franklin township, but in 1809, when Washington was organized, it became a part of that township, and so remained until 1813, when it was laid out and organized under its present name. It, at that time, included what is now the south part of Perry, until that township was estabished, in 1820. There was no post-office until 1852, and the inhabitants were obliged to go a considerable distance to obtain their mail, as well as for all purposes of trade. This township has settled up very slowly, especially the northern and western portions. The first settlements were made along the river, and afterwards in the southern part. SETTLEMENT. The first settlers in what is now known as Norwich township, were Daniel Brunk and family, who settled half a mile south of Hayden run, in 1807. Rev. Benjamin Britton settled on land, next south of Brunk, at the same time. He was a Christian, or “New Light,” preacher, and early organized a church of the de- nomination to which he belonged, on land near by, which, at that time, belonged to Joseph Carr, but which was not occupied. Mr. Britton was assisted by Rey. Mr. Fisher, of Worthington. A log structure was built for use, as a church, but was occupied but a few years, when the church died out, and the building was fitted up and used as a dwelling-house. The members of the church, after- wards, joined with the congregation at Dublin. The first cemetery in Norwich township was on the land at that time owned by Daniel Brunk. The name of the first person buried there is not now known, Isaac Grace settled east of Mr. Britton, and near the Scioto river, about the same time. He was a Methodist preacher, and an early member of Christie Methodist church, at Dublin. George Rager settled near Hayden run, soon after the settlement of Britton and Grace. Like many others, of that day, he was a firm believer in the supernatural, and as strong a believer in the efficacy of a silver bullet to cause the death of a witch. Peter Latimer was born in Connecticut, and, when about two years old, was taken to Pennsylvania, where he spent his early life. He was married, while living there, and, on one occasion, himself and wife were obliged to seek safety from the Indians, by flight into the woods. They hid between two logs, and distinctly heard the In- dians, as they searched the woods for them, but, fortun- ately, trey remained undiscovered. In 1811, they emi- grated to Ohio, and settled in Norwich township, on land now owned by William Armistead, where Mr. Latimer purchased a large tract. He sold from this, after a time, until he had a farm of but one hundred and fifty acres left. He carried the first mail from Columbus to Zanes- ville, on horseback, and also carried the mail from Co- lumbus to Bellefontaine, many years. He raised eight children, five of whom are now living, as follows: Har- ret, in Illinois; Elizabeth, in Iowa; Sallie (Mrs. McCoy), in Perry township, this county; Naomi J. (Mrs. Williams), at Chittenden hotel, Columbus, and John, in the gold mines of Alaska. Mr. Latimer has been a resident of Columbus during the past fourteen years, making his home with his daughter, Mrs. N. J. Williams. He is now in the ninety-eighth year of his age. The next settler below Britton and Grace, was Samuel Davis, who came to the township, with his family, in 1814. He was born in Connecticut, and in 1785 emi- grated to Kentucky, when about twenty years of age. He was there employed by Major Simon Kenton, as a spy among the Indians, to warn settlers of intended raids by the savages. There were twelve men thus employed, six being on duty ata time. He served asa spy three years, and at one time, when trapping with a man named Campbell, both were captured by the Indians, when camped on the Big Sandy. They were tightly bound, for security, but his bonds hurt him so that he could not sleep. The Indian who had charge of him inquired what was the matter, and when informed, directed one of his young men to loosen his thongs. Mr. Davis watched his opportunity, leaped across a small run into a thicket and escaped, but with scarcely any clothing. For six days he traveled, with no food, other than wild roots, in a cold March air, until he reached the settle- ment. Campbell was taken to Detroit, and sold to a Frenchman, whence he eventually obtained his freedom. After the close of the Indian war, General Massey and thirty men came to Ohio and laid out the town of Chil- licothe. Mr. Davis and General McArthur, afterwards governor of Ohio, were employed as hunters for the camp, at Chillicothe, where they came in about ‘1796. Samuel Davis was married, in Kentucky, to Elizabeth Smith. His son, Asa, was born at Graham station, in Kentucky, a few weeks before they came to Ohio. After the survey of Chillicothe was made, he received a lot in the town, on which he built a house, where he lived one year. At the end of that time he bought land in the Peewee bot- toms, where he remained two years. He then moved into Buckskin township, Ross county, where he pur- chased five hundred acres of land, on which he resided until 1814, clearing and improving his farm. In 1814 he came to Norwich, where he bought three hundred and eighty acres from M1. Terry, of Highland county, who owned the property. When in Connecticut he 492 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. learned the silversmith business, but on his settlement in Kentucky worked at blacksmithing and gunsmithing. He started a shop on his land, in Norwich township, where he worked until just before his death, in 1849, hiring the clearing of his farm. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, from Connecticut, and served two years, He was also in the war of 1812,a shorttime. At the time of his death he was a Revolutionary pensioner. His wife died in 1844. They raised ten children—Asa, Orange, George, Anson, Moses, Buriah, Samuel, James, Elizabeth, and Smith. Elizabeth married Benjamin Sells, and lives in Washington township, near Hayden run. The children all settled in Washington and Norwich townships. Asa lives in Norwich, a short distance south of Hayden run; Samuel and Smith have homes a short distance south of Dublin. Samuel Davis, his son, Asa, and Ebenezer Richards bored two wells, in the river, on Dr. Davis’ farm, for the purpose of obtaining salt. After boring to a depth of one hundred feet in each, they gave them up, having passed through the rock. They then went to Delaware county, where they sunk a well over five hundred feet deep, and found a strong white sulphur stream. They were obliged to give up the work, on ac- count of the prevailing sickness of that season, and never again resumed it. The land is now occupied by the State girls’ industrial school. Asa Davis settled on the farm with his father after giving up the salt-well. He worked the place, and shortly bought it from his father, on condition, that he furnish each of his brothers with one hundred acres of land. Since that time he has added to his farm, and increased his property. In Au- gust, 1879, over eleven thousand dollars of money that he had in Pickley’s bank, at Columbus, was stolen from the vault during business hours. In 1845 he married Mrs. Lucy J. McDowell, and has had five children, four of whom are now living. Two daughters are married, and live in the vicinity, and one daughter and a son live at home. Mr. Davis was a soldier in the war of 1812, and now receives a pension on account of his services. He has also received one hundred and sixty acres of land. He is now about eighty-four years of age, and the oldest settler in Norwich township. \ man named Hopper was an early settler on the south bank of Slate run. He had the first cabin north of the three mile cabin, at the State quarries, in Franklinton. William Armistead emigrated from Virginia to Ohio in 1808, and in 1809 svttled a mile below Hayden run, where he bought three hundred acres of land, which he cleared and improved. He was twice married, and raised five children, two of whom live in the township, and one in Kansas. The others are not now living. On his death, Mr. Armistead willed his property to his wife. She soon gave up her claim, and the property was sold to Michael Walton, and the proceeds divided among the children. Asa Wilcox settled on the river road, on land now owned by David Elliott, in about 1811. He did not make a purchase there, but a number of years later bought land on the Hilliard pike, now owned by Abra- ham Sells. Robert Elliott came from Pennsylvania in about 1810, and bought land on the river road, and north of the pres- ent location of Wesley church. His wife was a daughter of Daniel Brunk, and by her he had several children. His son, Daniel Elliott, now owns and occupies the home farm. A Mr. Everett settled on land adjoining Elliott, on the south, in about 1812. Henry McCracken was an early settler near the pres- ent farm of Abraham Sells. Ephraim Fisher was born in Maryland, and came from there to Jefferson county, Ohio, where he remained some years. In 1814 he, with his father and’ Elias Pegg, bought six hundred and twenty-five acres of land a mile and three-fourths southeast of Hilliard. In 1816 they moved to Franklinton, where Mr. Pegg finally settled, selling his part of the land in Norwich to Moses Hart, in 1819. In 1818 Mr. Fisher built a cabin on his land, and occu- pied it. It was a small home, twelve by fourteen feet in size, and with no floor. He split oak clapboards on which to place their bed, and soon made a comfortable home. They came to the country in a large Pennsyl- vania wagon, drawn by four horses, and brought with them two cows and calves. Their cows and one calf died of murrain, and they were obliged to go two miles through the woods for what milk they used. His son, George Fisher, was then nine years of age. His clothing, when a boy, consisted of buckskin, for many years, until flax could be raised. Ephraim Fisher died in 1838, and willed his property to his children. On the sale of the land, George Fisher bought the property, on which he now lives. Ephraim Fisher was twice married, and has had eleven children, most of whom are now dead. One son lives in Hilliard. George Fisher married Sarah Latimer, and has had eight children, two of whom are now living. ‘The original proprietors of his land were William Price, T. Bentley, and B. Anderson. Mr. Cutler settled south of Hilliard a mile and a half, as early as 1816, where he bought and improved a farm. He sold to S. Winecup, and he to Daniel O. Roberts. It is now owned by William Roberts. The Cutlers moved to Franklinton after selling their property. Moses Hart settled north of Ephraim Fisher, in 1819, where he built a cabin and cleared the land; his purchase was made from Elias Pegg. His children numbered six, four sons and two daughters. Moses Hart, jr., his son, now lives on the land, aged about eighty-eight ycars. Harmon Groom settled south of Moses Hart, in the same year, and built a cabin and cleared about six acres of land. In 1825, he sold to Hart, and moved into Prairie township. Martin Miller, and others, leased land west of George Fisher, at that time owned bya man in Kentucky. The property is now owned by Benjamin and Elias Scofield. Francis Wilcox came to Ohio, from Canada, in 1810, and settled in Franklinton. In about 1812, he moved into the southeast corner of Norwich township, and cleared the land now owned by E. Wilson. About 1820, he bought one hundred acres of land, a mile and a half west of his first settlement, where he died. He deeded HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 493 his property to his son, Peter, who now occupies the land. He married Tryphena Watts, in 1827, and has one daughter living near Hilliard. Samuel King came from Pennsylvania to Chillicothe, in about 1800. Afterwards, he bought land in Clinton and Sharon townships, and made his home in Clinton, where he worked in a tannery. Samuel M. King, his son, was born in Clinton, in 1807, and, in 1840, bought fifty acres of land near Hilliard, on which he now lives. John Laird settled on land south of, and adjoining, the present village of Hilliard, in 1820 or 1821. He im- proved the land, and lived there until about 1840, when he sold out and moved west. John Vanschoyck settled next west of John Laird, in 1821. His children settled in the vicinity, and some of them are still living near Hilhard. £ Daniel Roberts settled a mile and a half south of Hil- liard, about 1823; he had a wife, but no children. Rob- ert, his brother, settled in Washington township, a little later, and, while visiting in Norwich, he died. His son, William, was raised by Daniel Roberts, who left his property to him. The children of William Roberts now live a mile and a half south of Hilliard. John McCan settled west of Hilliard, in 1821, the same year that Vanschoyck came to the township. Ezekiel Latimer and wife, with one child, came from Connecticut, in about 1822. They moved with two wagons, drawn by a team of horses and oxen, respect- ively. Lines Latimer, a cousin of Ezekiel, came at the same time. They bought, together, one hundred acres of land, in the southeast part of the township, now owned by Albert Scringer. Lines sold his share to Ezekiel, after a few years. The widow of Ezekiel Latimer now lives with her daughter, Mrs. George Fisher, aged eighty- four years. William Watts came from New York, in 1804, and settled two years in Franklin township, where he rented land of Lucas Sullivant. In 1816, he moved into Perry _township, then part of Norwich, where he cleared land and made a home, which he deeded to his son. He died in Washington township, where another son lived. Samuel’ Paxton settled in Perry, where he married Amy Wilcox, and remained several years. In 1823 they removed to Norwich, where he rented and leased land several years. He finally settled on a lot of fifty acres, given his wife by her father. He lived on the farm near Hilliard, and cleared the land, and died there in 1849, of cholera. His wife and children sold their interest in the property, and the children went to different parts of the country. One daughter lives in Union county. Mr. Paxton lives three miles southeast of Hilliard. David Thomas settled on the north part of the land now owned by Daniel Roberts, in about 1820 or 1821. He was a batchelor, from Virginia, and his original pur- chase comprised four hundred acres of land. David Smiley settled on the river road about the same year, and Daniel D. Lattimer came at the same time. Edmund Warren emigrated from Connecticut with his father, in 1819. ‘They settled in Athens county, where he married Maria Hyde, in 1830. In 1836, he bought seventy-two and one-half acres of land in the Selden sur- vey, number three thousand and two, a short distance northeast from Hilliard. A clearing of about four acres had been made by Stanton Boland, a renter, previous to his purchase. Isaac Davidson had charge of the land. Mr. Warren has since added to his original purchase, and now has one hundred and ten acres, which he has cleared and improved. ‘Two of his sons now live on the place with him. Isaac Davidson settled in Norwich in 1832. He bought seven hundred acres of land, but the title prov- ing defective, he lost his first purchase money. The matter was finally settled, and he sold a part of the land to Edmond Warren. Abraham Sells was born in Franklinton, in 1806. In 1809 his father moved to Washington, and located a mile west of Dublin, on Indian run, where Mr. Sells passed his early days. In about 1840 he came to Norwich, and bought land east of Hilliard, where he now resides. A pioneer association was formed at a grove on his farm, the past summer [1879]. Mr. Sells has a fine grove and a beautiful location for picnic excursions, and intends to fit his grounds for the convenience of such parties. A short distance below the picnic ground is as fine and pure a spring of water as can be found anywhere, and in the river are boats, with a fine slack water for over two miles. This place will soon become a favorite resort for pleasure seekers. The camping-ground of chief Crane, of the Wyandot tribe of Indians, is shown a short dis- tance from the spring. Jonathan Hommons, Wilkins, Duling, Amos Kidwell, John Hiser, and Smith Doolan, settled in the woods northwest of Hilliard, about 1840, where they made clearings, and improved farms. Scme have sold their property, and moved elsewhere, and others remain on their land. Charles Peyton and family emigrated from Virginia, in 1833. They remained-in Zanesville eighteen months, where he worked in a mill. In 1835 they went to Jona- than’s creek, in Muskingum county, and in 1842, to Perry county, in both of which places he worked at mill- ing. In 1846 he leased land in the south part of Nor- wich township, near the Scioto river, and in 1852 bought eighty-seven acres, a mile south of Hilliard, in the woods. He has cleared and improved the land, and now occu- pies it. His son, James, lives on the farm, a short dis- tance from the home of his parents. Apollos Rogers came to Ohio from New York State, and bought three hundred acres of land in the Bellficld survey. A small clearing had been made when he came on to occupy the land. He died in 1844, and his property is now owned by his three sons—Marcellus, Martin, and Milton. Daniel Avery came from Pennsylvania in 1820, and settled in Perry township, near the Scioto river, on land now owned by Mr. Matthews. He remained but about two years, when he moved on land owned by Joshua Davis. From there he went to Worthington, and in about 1829 settled two miles south of Hilliard. In 1834 he went to Illinois. He was a carpenter, and helped to 494 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. erect many buildings in Norwich. His son, P. S. Avery, lived in Washington township from 1836 to 1840. In the latter year he bought a farm northwest of Hilliard, with a clearing of about fifteen acres, made by Alfred Latham, who had a lease of the land, then owned by J. S. Britton. Mr. Avery has cleared and improved the land. EVENTS. The first orchard planted in Norwich was by Samuel Davis, in 1814. He purchased the trees for his orchard from Lucas Sullivant, at Franklinton. The first burial ground was on land belonging to Daniel Brunk, in the north part of the township. The name of the first person buried there cannot now be ascertained. Since the first ground was opened, many grounds have been used on private lands. One was started at an early date, on the lot belonging to, arfd adjoining, Wesley M. E. church, and another is located opposite the home of Marcellus Rogers. About 1833, a saw-mill was erected on the Scioto river, by Samuel Wilcox. A few years later—about 1845— Joseph Corbin built a grist-mill at the same place, which is still in operation. Both mills are now owned, and managed, by Frederick Fishinger. Dr. Streeter was the first physician who located in Nor- wich. He was not a regular physician, but practiced medicine in the neighborhood. Dr. Hamilton came to Norwich, about 1846, and remained several years, when he removed to Columbus. Dr. Hood, also, practiced in the township for a time. Dr. W. H. Jewett was the first physician to settle in Hilliard, soon after the village was laid out. Dr. Taggart practiced a short time in Hilliard, after Jewett came. Dr. R. Z. Seeds located at Hilliard, in 1869, and continues in practice there. Dr. Merry- man come soon after Dr. Seeds. ‘The steam saw-mill, at Hilliard, was built by James Ralston and Kirkpatrick, in 1854. It has since changed hands many times, and is now owned by William M. Gill, in trust for J. H. Simpkins. The warehouse, at Hilliard station, was built by John R. Hilliard, in 1853. Was afterwards owned by P. S. Avery, then by Benjamin Sells, and, at the present time, by Conrad Koehler. Miskell Saunders was a justice of the peace, in Nor- wich, in 1833. It is not known in what year he came to the township. His death occurred by a fall from a horse, ‘The harness used by early settlers was often unique, being, sometimes, composed of hickory withes, bass-wood bark, and moosewood. Lamps were made by scraping a hole in a turnip, which was filled with grease and a tow wick to burn. The light was never very strong, but the early settlers had no daily papers to read after the day’s work was done, and generally were too tired to read, had there been plenty of reading matter. Wheat was winnowed by swinging sheets, a splint rid- dle being used. Two men swung the sheet, and another handled the riddle. A grand squirrel hunt was celebrated in 1830, which lasted two days. Prizes were given for the most scalps produced. Abraham Sells took the first prize, amount- ing to eighty bushels of corn, he having killed one hun- dred and fifty squirrels. The second prize was given to Moses Davis, for killing one hundred and forty squirrels, and consisted of forty bushels of corn. Several thousand squirrels were killed during the two days’ hunt. This township has never yet had a town-house or hall, though, at the present time, the trustees, with a com- mittee from the council at Hilliard, are considering the propriety of erecting a suitable town-hall, which will un- doubtedly be done very soon. From 1813 to 1820, when Norwich included the southern portion of Perry town- ship, it was entitled to three justices of the peace. From 1820 until 1851 it had but two, and since the latter date it has been allowed three. Among the justices were: Daniel Brunkyin 1813; Thomas Backus and Ebenezer Richards, in 1814; Daniel Brunk and Robert Elliot, in 1816; Amaziah Hutchinson, in 1817; Messrs. Brunk and Elliot again in 1819; Mr. Brunk and John McCan, in 1822; L. L. Latimer and Mr. McCan, again in 1825; John Weeden and George Black, in 1828; David Smiley, in 1830; Miner Pickle, in 1831; Miskell Saunders, in 1833. On the stone over the grave of the latter is the inscription: ‘He died a christian and a Democrat.” While of the former there is a shadow of a suspicion, of the latter there is no doubt. The township officers for 1879, are: John W. Howard, Andrew Huffman, and Daniel Roberts, trustees; W. A. Crum, clerk; J. M. Merryman, treasurer; Jacob Romick, assessor; Orange Sells and William Walton, justices of the peace; John Fisher and George Harper, constables. SCHOOLS. The first school in the township was opened in a log building at Smiley’s corners, on the river road, and was in operation in about 1814. A special school-district was cut off, in Hilliard, in 1870, although schools had been kept at and near the place for many years previous to that date. In 1878 the brick school-house was con- demned as insecure, and was torn down. A new one was erected during the year, which is adapted for four schools, three of which are in operation at, this time. Besides the school at Hilliard, the township is well sup- plied with district-schools, nearly all of which are pro- vided with substantial brick school-houses. POST-OFFICE. The first post-office in Norwich township was estab- lished in the spring of 1852, at a place called Smiley’s Corners. David Smiley was the first postmaster. This office was discontinued in 1854, and the same year an office was established at Hilliard, with John W. Dobyns as postmaster. He remained in charge of the office several years, and was succeeded by James S. Wright. On his death, in 1804, Orange Sells was appointed to the office, which he still holds. It ‘was kept at a private house until Mr. Sells was appointed. He removed it to the warehouse, and railroad station, which was in his charge. The first quarter after he took it, the business of the office doubled, and during the yeat increased four- fold. In July, 1879, it was made a money-order office. DR. R. ZENAS SEEDS was born in Jackson township, Franklin county, Ohio, January 12, 1845. His parents were Dr. John Seeds and Asenath Seeds (Britton), both of whom were born in the United States, the former in Ohio and the latter -in Virginia. When but four years of age bis father died, leaving his mother with a family of seven children, him- self the youngest. His early life was one of privation and hardship. Until he arrived at the age of fourteen, his education was obtained at the district-school, three miles distant, and was consequently very limited. He spent the winters, from his fourteenth to his eighteenth year, at the Union schools of Mechanicsburg, Champaign county, working on the farm of his uncle, Lewis Britton, during the summer months. He then went to Antioch college, Green county, Ohio, where he finished his liter- ary education in the fall of 1867. His early hopes and aspirations were to be a physician, and when a boy he was always, in mimicry, making “pills and powders,” During his college course he had paid particular atten- tion to those branches of study most nearly connected with the science of medicine, and now resolved to adopt that as his profession. He attended his first course of ‘lectures at Starling Medical college, Columbus, in the winter of 1868-69, and graduated second in a class of seventy-two members, in the winter of 1869-70. He then returned to his adopted home in Hilliard, and to his uncle, James S. Britton, who had always been his best friend in his at- tempts to obtain an education and prepare himself for his life work, both pecuniarily and by his sound advice. He was married to Electa Davis, eldest daughter of Asa Davis, esq., and grand-daughter of Samuel Davis, one of Franklin county’s first settlers, who was a com- rade of ex-governor McArthur, and several times a pris- oner of the Indians. Asa Davis when but a boy was in the war of 1812, with ‘“‘ Mad Anthony Wayne,” in some of his marches against the hostile savages. Dr. Seeds was in the war of the Rebellion, although but nineteen years of age. He and an older brother were with General Sherman until after the capture of His brother, Dr. S. M. Seeds, re- mained with the army as assistant surgeon of the Thir- Kenesaw mountain. teenth Ohio volunteer infantry, until the close of the war. In the spring of 1870 Dr. R. Z. Seeds commenced the practice of medicine at his present home, in Hilliard, where he has built up a practice and a character that any person might well be proud of. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Mail was carried by Peter Latimer for many years, be- tween Columbus and Urbana. He always made the journey on horseback. HILLIARD. In the fall of 1853, about the time of the building of the Columbus, Piqua & Indiana railroad, John R. Hil- liard caused his farm to be surveyed into village lots, and laid out the present village at Hilliard station, which was incorporated in 1869. The first officers of the corpora- tion were: John R. L. Seegur, mayor; A. H. Gray, clerk ; W. H. Jewett, J. S. Britton, William Matthews, Nathan Landaker, John Godown, and A. M. A. Forshee, coun- cil, An election was held, September 2oth, and the new council met on the twenty-ninth of the same month, and were duly qualified to their new offices. on the corner of Columbia and Center streets was occu- pied by the council, for a number of years, until in 1878, when a room in the new business block of Orange Sells was leased. The present officers of the village are: Orange Sells, who has been mayor since 1872; Conrad | Koehler, R. Z. Seeds, J. P. Landaker, A. M. A. Forshee, | T. R. McNorton, and John Scott, council; T. H. Thack-_ ery, the present clerk, has held that office since 1872; J. M. Merryman is treasurer, and J. M. Guches, marshal. : CHURCHES. WESLEY METHODIST CHURCH was organized, as a class, in Norwich, about 1832. Preaching was had, by local ministers, in Armistead’s barn, and in other places, until 1836, when asmall frame church was erected, on the site of the present church, a little south of the present residence of D. Elliott, on the river road. In 1850 the frame church was torn down, and a brick building erected. This was blown down, after standing two years, and was then rebuilt. time. The early members were: Abner Clapp and fam- ily, William Armistead, M. McCracken, ——- Morehead, Glasscock, and others. preacher, was instrumental in putting forward the project of first building a church. The present membership is about forty-five. A Sunday-school of about seventy members is sustained. ST. JACOB EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH (German) was organized in the south part of Norwich, near the line of Norwich township, in 1847. Among the first members were: Matthias Fladt, Matthias Spindler, John Koener, and others. A hewed log house was built soon after the church was organized, which was used until 1872, when a substantial brick church edifice was erected, at a cost of five thousand, one hundred dollars. | The old log house has been used for some years for a Tt was 4 Hilliard, was first organized as a class, in a log school- again blown down, within a year, and was rebuilt a third : 495 of scholars in the church school is ahout forty. This school does not interfere with their attendance at the public schools, but is in addition to that. A church of the United Brethren was organized at the old log school-house, east of Hilliard, about 1852, but it was continued only a year. COLWILL METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH was organized in the winter of 1876-7, and a house of worship erected, about two miles southwest of Hilliard. The first members were: John Colwill and wife, Philip Clover and wife, Mr. Harlow and wife, Henry Culp and wife, Harvey Simpkins and wife, and others. A Sunday- : school, during the summer and fall, has been sustained A room situated | two years. this church. Rev. Isaac Mackey, of Hilliard, is pastor of THE DISCIPLE CHURCH, at Hilliard, was built about 1853, as a union church, by » members of the Christian church and members of the Rev. J. D. Smith, a local © church school, at which reading and writing, German, and © the church catechism, are taught by Rev. Henry Horst, | the pastor. The church has had three pastors: Rev. Adam Ernst being the first, Rev. H. Bauer, the second, and Rev. Henry Horst, the present pastor, who has been in charge of the congregation during the past seventeen years. voting members, and about sixty families. The number : bered over three hundred members. The present membership of the church is forty — ‘after the Christian church, or about 1855. Disciple church. The Christian church ‘was organized the first, and kept its membership together until about 1877, since which time they have not had regular ser- vices. The Disciple church was organized two years The first members were: A. M. A. Forshee and wife, Nathan Landecker and wife, and others. The membership is small. ‘The first members of the Christian church were: Thomas Dobyns, wife and family, Solomon McCullough, and others. But two services are held monthly in this church, the Disciples having preaching once, and the Adventists once, during the month, the services being two weeks apart. A Sunday-school is regularly sustained by the congregations of this church. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, house, east of the present village of Hilliard, about 1842. Meetings were held there, with local preaching, until about 1853, when the school-house was burned by some persons, who did not wish church services held there. In 1854 the class was divided on the question of build- ing a church, eight of the members being in favor of building near the old site, and seven insisting on erect- ing a church at Hilliard station The party in favor of a house of worship at Hilliard circulated a subscription paper, and met with such good success that, in 1854, the church was built. Samuel Crum was one of the most efficient members in erecting the new church, and superintended, and did a great share of the work, of building. The original class consisted of Hosea Britton and family, John Britton and wife, Jacob Moyer, Mr. Doolan, Edmond Warren and wife, Rachel Gray, and others. ‘The members who formed the class at Hilliard were: Samuel Crum and wife, Mrs. Gray and three sons, and Anna Vanschoyck. After the church was built, the class rapidly increased until, in 1876, it num- Since that time two independent classes have been formed, outside of the Hilliard church: one called Colwill church, south- west of Hilliard, about two miles, near the line of Brown township, and one at Churchman’s, in the western part 496 of Washington township, where a church is being erected ——in 1879. The Colwill church is already completed. The present church at Hilliard numbers some two hun- dred members, under the pastorate of the Rev. Isaac Mackey, who lives in a neat brick parsonage, owned by and adjoining the church. ‘The circuit preachers, when the church was built at Hilliard, were Revs. Archibald Fleming and Bradford Cook. A Sabbath-school, of about one hundred members, is sustained, under the superintendence of Hosea Romick. SOCIETIES, . Norwich Lodge, No. 385, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was chartered June 25, 1867, by the grand lodge of the State. It was instituted the samé date. ‘The charter members were James C. Gray, William Roberts, J. H. Kidwell, W. M. Gill, MoseS Latham, P. S. Avery, David Smiley, William H. Jewett, William M. Walton, Daniel Latham, and Henry S. Baldwin. The first offi- cers were: J. H. Kidwell, N. G.; Moses Latham, V. G.; J. C. Gray, F. S.; William Roberts, treasurer; William Gill, P. S.; David Smiley, C.; John T. Jewett, L G.; Tilghman Grim, O. G.; P. S. Avery, R.S.N.G.; W. M. Walton, L. S. N. G.; W. W. Sells, R.S. V. G.; W. H. Jewett, L.S. V. G.; David Latham, R. S. S.; H. Bald- win, L. S.S. Since its organization the lodge has occu- pied a rented hall, but some years since it purchased a building lot, on which will be built, at some time in the future, a lodge hall. The lodge has in its possession a small fund in readiness to use for building purposes. The present officers for 1879, are: J. W. Wintringer, N.G.; W. F. Henry, V. G.; David Reese, F. S.; W. M. Gill, P. S.; John Hart, treasurer; T. R. McNorton, W.; A. S. Hager, C.; J. F. Ball, O. G.; John R. Fisher, I. G.; John Hart, R. S. N. G.; A. M. A. Forshee, L. S. N. G.; E. Fisher, R. 5S. N. G.; George Fisher, L. S. N. G.; J. H. Homon, R. S.S.; N. Ellis, L. S.S, Avery Lodge, No. 493, Free and Accepted Masons, was chartered August 19, 1873, after working nearly a year under dispensation. ‘The charter members were J. T. Black, William Hatton, J. E. Moling, Edward S. Churchman, R. Z. Seeds, Clark Glover, Alexander Davidson, P. S. Avery,eand Henry Culp. The first offi- cers were: J. ‘I’. Black, W. M.; R. G. Seeds, 5S. W.; J. E. Moling, J. W.; ‘The present officers for 1879, are: J. E. Moling, W. M.; Alexander Davidson, S. W.; John Koehler, J. W.; Clark Glover, 5. D.; Nathan Scofield, J. 1.; W. A. Crum, seeretary; John Hart, treasurer; Abraham Orihood, tyler. Before the lodge commenced working, the members and friends of the fraternity sub- scribed money, and in 1872 they added a second story HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. to the store building of John Westerwiller, which was completed and dedicated as a masonic hall. Meetings are held the first and third Tuesdays in each month. INDIANS. The bank of the Scioto, in Norwich township was a favorite camping-ground of the /Wyandots, The old chief, Crane, had his camp on land now owned by Abra- ham Sclls, and with members of his band occupied the land at times for some time after che arrival of the first settlers. The river was, at that time, filled with the finest of fish, among them the large yellow salmon; for be it remembered that at that time the land had not been cultivated, and the water of the Scioto was pure and clear, it being fed mainly by springs. This noble fish is long since driven away, and by the damming of the river many other fine fish cannot come to the upper waters of the stream. ‘The forests along the banks, and back into the country, were filled with game, and this was a paradise for the red man. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, MRS. EMULA ROGERS. The suhject of this sketch, Mrs. Emula Rogers, was born in Connec- ticut, November 22, 1799. Her father and mother were Abner and Mercy Gillett Clapp. When about six years of age, her parents re- moved to Martinsburg, Lewis county, New York, where she passed her early life, and where she obtained a good education for that early day. She was married, October .12, 1823, to Asa Moore Rogers, by whom she raised three children—Mary, Lester Asa, and Julia E. Her hus- band died January 2, 1831, and, on September 16, 1835, she was again married. Her choice fell on Apollos Rogers, a brother of her former husband. By him she had two children—twins—to whom they gave the names of Eli and Ela. Mr. Rogers, her husband, had been married previously, and had several children by his first wife. In 1836, with their family, they emigrated to Ohio, arriving in Norwich township, September 29th, of that year. Mr. Rogers bought a farm near the Scioto river, and well toward the southern line of the township, where two of his sons- Marcellus and Milton Rogers—now live. Here he died, September 17, 1840. Mrs. Emula Rogers, his wife, survived him, and died February 9, 1871, aged seventy-one years. Of ber children, Lester .\. removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he now lives. Julia 1. is living single in California. Mary mar- ried John Howard, July 4, 1850, and lives in Norwich township. Their home is about eight miles from Columbus, on the river road. Mrs. mula Rogers joined the Methodist Episcopal church at Mar- tinsburg, New York, when about sixteen years of age, and continued in close connection with it to the time of her death. Both of her hus- bands belonged to the same church. After the death of her second husband, she kept her family together until all but one were married, when she gave up housekecping, and spent the remainder of her days with her daughter, Mrs. John Howard, in whose home she quietly fell asleep, well prepared, by a consistent christian life, for the call at the last great day. MRS.EMULA ROGERS. WILLIAM MERION. MARION. Marion is a small, ill-shaped township, almost encircling the city of Columbus. It is bounded, on the north, by Clinton and Mifflin; on the east, by Truro and Madison; on the south, by Hamilton, and on the west, by the city of Columbus and the Scioto river. It was formed Feb- ruary 24, 1873, by order of the county commissioners, as follows : ‘That sections one, two, three, four, ten, eleven, twelve, and frac- tional sections eight, and nine, of township four, range twenty-two, situate in the township of Hamilton, contiguous to the south line of Montgomery township, be, and the same is hereby annexed to said Montgomery township, and the said Montgomery township is erected and constituted a new township, to be called Marion township.” Montgomery was the western township in the Refugee tract, and was organized in 1807. It originally consisted of a part of Liberty township. It was named by Judge Livingston, after his distinguished uncle, General Richard Montgomery, who fell at Quebec. The new township of Marion was named for the family of that name, now residing in it. NATURAL FEATURES The township is level. The soil consists largely of clay, although there are some rich bottom lands along Alum Creek. This stream is the largest water course in the township, being a western branch of Big Walnut, and of nearly equal magnitude. It rises in the north-eastern part of Delaware county, and flows in a southerly direc- tion, through the eastern part of this township—marking the eastern limits of the city of Columbus—and unites with Big Walnut some eight miles southeast of the city, in Madison township. , INDIANS, of the Wyandot tribe, had an encampment, in the early settlement of the township, on Alum creek, just above Colonel Livingston’s. They hunted in the surrounding region, and were friendly with the whites. They would, however, occasionally steal a horse from the settlers. One was stolen from John White, which Mrs, White had ridden all the way from Pennsylvania, and William Hamilton lost a horse in the same way. But, with the exception of an occasional! theft of this kind; the pioneers of Montgomery suffered no annoyances from the Indians. NATIVE ANIMALS, It seems incredible to the present generation, that less than eighty years ago the township, now so highly im- proved, and skirting a city of over fifty thousand inhabit- ants, was covered with a dense forest, and inhabited by wild beasts, but such is the fact. Game, of nearly all kinds, was abundant, especially deer, wild turkeys, and smaller game. Bears were somewhat scarce, and we have no reports of any being killed in the township. Wolves 63 were the most annoying, often killing the settlers’ sheep, even under the walls of their cabins, and sometimes at- tacking calves and young cattle. A wolf once attacked a calf belonging to John White, while a social party of the settlers was being held only a short distance away. In 1804 or 1805, William White and William Hamilton shot a large panther, over in Hamilton, after following him one whole night. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlements in the township were made along Alum creek, and were commenced about the year 1799. Most of the early settlers came from Mifflin county, Pennsylvania. One{the first families that settled in the township was that of David Nelson, sr., who located and lived, for a year or two, south of where Columbus now stands, and then located near the site of the present resi- dence of John J. Nelson. Afterwards, he purchased a section of land in the “Refugee tract,” including the homestead now occupied by Mr. Nelson. After occypy- ing a cabin for a number of years, he erected, in 1819, the main part of the present frame house of his grand- son, and occupied it until his death. He had several children. Martha was the wife of Judge Livingston, and Nancy was the wife of John Barr, both of whom set- tled on the creek. Another daughter married a Shan- non, and was the first wife of David Taylor. The son, Robert, lived on the corner of Broad street and the Creek road, and David, on the homestead. Four daugh- ters of Robert Nelson are now living: Mrs. Sanderson, in Worthington, Mrs. Dr. McConnell, in Upper San- - dusky, the widow of Governor Brough, now temporarily in Europe, and Mrs. James Armstrong, in Wisconsin. David Nelson, jr., married Mary, daughter of Isaac Tay- lor; he died in 1847, his wife surviving him some two years. William Hamilton and family were the first occupants of the place on which John Barr afterwards lived. He died in 1802 or 1803, and his was undoubtedly the first death among the pioneers in this township. He had a large family of children, who were bound out to others after their father’s death. George Turner, one of the first settlers, built on the creek where George Emmett now lives. He afterwards bought a quarter-section across the creek, through which Friend street now runs. Only one of the family is now living—Mary Hendren, who lives near Groveport. William Shaw settled just above the Nelsons, and lived there until his death. A daughter, now the wife of Squire Matt Martin, of Columbus, is the only survivor of the family. (497) 498 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. William Reed located on the place next above Shaw. None of the family are now left. The Reeds were the largest land-holders on the creek, and carried on farming extensively, but the last one in the family died in the poor-house. ‘ Among the early settlers, already mentioned, were: John Starr (the older), Nathaniel Hamlin, and John McGown, afterward proprietor of the present site of Columbus. Andrew Culbertson, about the year 1804, settled in the southwest corner of the township, near where the starch factory now stands. John White, in 1801, located on the creek, on land then owned by Edward Livingston, now owned by his son, Robert Livingston. His family consisted of his wife and six children, the youngest of whom was George, now living in Marion, and is nearly eighty-two years of age. The mother rode all the way from Mifflin county, Penn- sylvania, on horseback. The family arrived in this town- ship on the fourth day of July. After living some three years on the creek, during which he made some improve- ments, erecting a double log house and clearing about fifteen acres of land, he purchased from Messrs, Mills and Stanberry, fifty acres, where his son, George, now resides. He there built, on nearly the site of the pres- ent brick residence of his son, a hewed log house in which he lived until his death, in 1828, at the advanced age of ninety-six years. His wife died in 1840. He was the father of eight children, two of whom died in Pennsylvania. Three are now living, they are: Mrs. Catharine Vining, in Illinois, now over ninety years of age — Susan, unmarried, and George—both living in Marion, aged, respectively, eighty-three and eighty-two, nearly. George married Mary Kilgore, who died Jan- uary 6, 1873. John White, the father, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. Colonel Edward C. Livingston came to this county, from Saratoga county, New York, in 1804. He was the agent for the sale of considerable land in Franklin and Licking counties. In March, 1807, he was married to Martha, daughter of David Nelson, sr., and settled on Alum creek, on half section thirty-four. He erected a frame house on this place, as early as 1808 or 1809— without doubt the first framed dwelling in the township. The old building was consumed by fire a few years since. Judge Livingston was a man of much force of character and native ability, and a worthy descendant of the old and distinguished family of that name in New York. He was elected associate judge of I’ranklin county in 1821. Mr. Livingston died November 13, 1843, in the sixty- first year of his age, and his wife died August 30, 1855. They had eight children, all of whom, except Angelica, who died at the age of fourteen, lived to maturity. Four are now living, viz: Mrs. David Taylor, in Columbus; Mrs. Elijah Marion and Robert Livingston, in this town- ship, and Mrs. Smith, in Missouri. James, the eldest, was a physician, and practiced in Marion county until his removal to Missouri, where he died. Edward was a resident of this township, where his widow, who was Elizabeth Hawkins before her marriage, now lives. Car- ) oline was twice married: first, to Samuel Wilson, and, after his death, to Dr. John Morrison. William Mooberry, with his family, consisting of his wife and five children, came to this county, from York county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1806. Mr. Mooberry made his location just below where Joseph Berkey now lives, on Alum creek, purchasing three quarter sections of land. He died there, January 28, 1829, and his wife August 27, 1822. All of their children, with the excep- tion of Alexander, removed to Tazewell county, Illinois, but John is the only one now living there. Alexander Mooberry has been a resident of the township ever since he came into it in 1806. He married, in 1822, Margaret Williams, and settled where Mr. Shoaf now lives. In 1855, he moved to the place he now occupies. His wife died in May, 1872. Mr. Mooberry is now eighty-three years of age. Thomas Hamilton, son of William Hamilton, previ- ously mentioned, was brought up by David Nelson, after his father’s death. He was one of the first children born in Franklin county. He was born in 1798, and con- tinued a resident of the county until his death, in 1863. He was married, in 1824, to Elizabeth Reed, of Picka- way county, and located on the northeast part of the Livingston farm, but afterwards settled where his family now lives. Mrs. Hamilton is still living, and is now aged nearly eighty-one. William Merion, sr., came from Boston, Massachusetts, about the year 1807, in company with William Palmer, who afterward owned the Yeager property. He was then single, but a year or two after his arrival, he married Sally Waite, who came with her father, Jenks Waite, from Johnstown, New York, in 1806. After residing in Frank- linton about a year, he settled on the Chillicothe road, just north of what are now the city limits of Columbus. He owned, in connection with his brother, Nathaniel, and his sister, Mrs. Morrill, some seventeen or eighteen hundred acres of Refugee land, in Montgomery and Truro townships. He died, in 1837, aged fifty, and his wife in 1856, aged sixty-six. Four, of their six children, are now living. William, the oldest, was born in this township (then Montgomery), in 1811, and is the oldest present resident of the township, who was born init. He located where he now lives, in 1833. The three other surviving children are: Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Davis, and Mrs. Stewart, all living in Columbus. Captain Nathaniel Merion (deceased), was president of the Central bank of Columbus (now Fourth National). He died in June, 1877. George died in 1866. Moses Morrill, also from Massachusetts, settled at an early date on the Chillicothe road, south of William Merion, sr., his brother-in-law; his residence was that now owned by Mr. Frisbie. His wife was Milly Merion. Mr. Morrill died in 1837, his wife surviving him many years. Two of their children are now living—Mrs. Cook- man, in Columbus, and the wife of Colonel Innis, near the starch factory. Elijah Merion, sr., a brother of William Merion, sr., previously mentioned, came from Boston, Massachusetts, with his wife and four children, in 1816; he located on HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 499 the half section just east of where his son, Elijah now lives, and resided there until his death, in 1865. He was born December 20, 1779, and was, consequently, at the time of his death, eighty-six years of age; his wife, who survived him, was, at her death, about the same age. Their four children are still living—Calvin, the eldest, aged seventy-eight, residing near Peoria, Illinois, Mrs, Flannagan and Mrs. Lydia Mooberry, also in Illi- nois, and Elijah, in this township. He married Adaline, daughter of Judge Livingston. Adam Earhart, with his family, came from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1818, and settled where Philo Watkins now lives, in this township, then Hamilton, purchasing eighty acres of land. After living there a number of years, and making considerable improvement, he removed to Alum creek, across from Eberly’s mills. He bought there eighty acres of land, and resided upon it till 1840, when he purchased, and removed to, the farm now owned and occupied by his son, John H. He died January 3, 1844, and his wife, February 18,1869. They had a fam- ily of eleven children, seven of whom survive, as follows: Josiah Irvin, living in Bloomfield, Iowa; John H., in this township, on the old homestead—he is now serving his third term as director of county infirmary, and has been assessor of the township for many years; Mrs. White, widow of George White, in Columbus; Maxwell K., in Groveport; Isabella, with her brother, John H.; Susannah, wife of John Hawthorn, in Columbus, and Edmiston, in this township. George H., deceased, was elected sheriff of the county, in 1868, but died before his term expired. David Aultman has resided where he now lives since 1833. His father, William Aultman, emigrated from Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, to Ohio, and after residing a number of years in Columbiana county, and afterwards, a short time, at Lancaster, settled in Colum- bus, in 1812. He was one of the first residents of that now thriving city, there being but one house there when he bought his lot, at the public sale, and High street was merely cut out. David Aultman was born in West- moreland county, Pennsylvania, in 1801, married Eliza- beth Otstotts, in 1829, and lived in Columbus until 1833, when he removed to Montgomery, now Marion, town- ship. Jacob Hare came from Ross county, about the year 1812, and first located on the Scioto river, a mile south of Columbus, and afterwards moved into Columbus, where he resided many years, during which time he was engaged in wagoning from that place to Chillicothe. He finally purchased the fifty acres now owned by his son, B. F. Hare. He died in Columbus. Besides the son mentioned, several children live in the west. John Wallace came from Pennsylvania, in 1813, and settled near Columbus, where he purchased one hundred and fifty acres of land. He married Betsey Andrews, from Massachusetts, in 1817, and raised a family of two sons and two daughters. ‘The youngest son died at the age of fifteen. The other married, and lived in Delaware county. The daughter, Mary, became the wife of John Bullen, now living in the south part of Truro township, whom she married, in 1843, and Elizabeth married, in 1835, David Handley, and lives in this township. Colonel Frankenberg, still living in this township, in the eighty-fourth year of his age, emigrated from Han- over, Germany, to this country, in 1833. After a resi- dence of about six months in Columbus, he purchased half a section, where he now lives. In 1834, he married Dorothy Frankenberg, his cousin, who came from Ger- many the same year. Colonel Frankenberg assisted, in 1814, in driving Napoleon back into France, being a lieu- tenant of artillery. His military title is derived from the fact that he was, in the old militia days, a colonel of militia in this State. Herman Ochs settled where his son, Gustavus, now lives, about the year 1835; he came from Germany, in 1832, and bought first in Missouri, but the title of his land proving defective, he lost the whole amount of his investment. His first wife, who was the mother of his two children, was, before marriage, Matilda Hinthe, who came from Germany in the same ship with the Franken- bergs. Their children were: Gustavus, who occupies the homestead, and a daughter (now deceased), who was the wife of Henry Mitthoff, of Columbus. In 1812, David Nelson and Colonel Livingston erected the first frame barns in the township. The buildings were both quite large, that of Nelson’s being thirty by sixty feet. There were not enough settlers to raise it, and a part of the frame fell down. A company of sol- diers, at Franklinton, were sent for, who came and helped to put up the structure. The barn of Colonel Livingston now stands on the farm of George White, and is still, apparently, as good as ever. Mr. White says he would rather have the old structure now than any built now-a-days. THE FIRST SCHOOL. According to the recollection of Mr. David Taylor, the first school was kept in a cabin on the old Bartholo- mew farm, in 1812. The teacher was a lady, but her name cannot now be remembered. A frame school house was built on the Morrill farm as early as 1822 or 1823, in which the first school was taught by a male teacher by the name of Christy. CAPITAL UNIVERSITY. This institution was founded in the year 1850. It is under the control of the Evangelical Lutheran church, as represented by the joint synod of Ohio. It is con- nected with an older institution of learning—the “Ger- man Evangelical Lutheran seminary of the Joint Synod of Ohio”—but retains, however, an independent organi- zation. Since 1853, the college occupied the old Capital university building (where the Park hotel now stands), in the northern part of the city of Columbus, until a few years ago, when a ten acre lot, just east of Alum creek, on the old ‘National road, being presented to the institu- tion, the old college building was disposed of, and a new and greatly-improved edifice was erected on the new lo- cation. The university is distant about three miles east of the center of the city, and is easy of access, a street railway being operated to within a mile of it. A commo- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND 500 PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. dious boarding-hall is built in the immediate vicinity of the college, which, together with the residences of the professors, and a neat church, now approaching comple- tion, gives to the location a lively and pleasant appeat- ance. It forms, in fact, a pleasant little suburb of the city, presenting, however, all the advantages of a quiet rural life. The university building is sixty by one hundred and seventy feet in size, and affords ample accommodations for students, lecture-rooms, society-halls, and everything necessary to such an institution. There are, at the pres- ent time, seventy-six students in attendance. ‘The fac- ulty consists of Rev. Wm. F. Lehmann, president and professor of German language and literature; Rev. E. Schmid, A. M., secretary and professor of Greek and history; Rev. M. Loy, A. M., professor of mental and moral sciences; Rev. C. H. L. Schnette, A. M., professor of mathematics; Rev. Theo. Mees, professor of Hebrew and principal of the preparatory department ; Rev. C. A. Frank, professor of Latin. CHURCHES. A frame meeting-house was erected many years ago— and is still standing—on the old Mooberry farm, now owned by Mr. Shoaf. It was used a number of years by the Presbyterians, the Rev. Dr. Hoge being the first preacher. The erection of the Evangelical Lutheran church, across the road from Capital university, was com- menced in 1873, and at this writing is not fully completed. It is a neat brick edifice, and will cost ten thousand dol- lars. The church society was organized in 1878, by the Revs. W. F, Lehmann and C. A. Frank, of the university. The membership is now about fifty. MILLS, The first mill on Alum creek, in this township, was a saw-mill erected by David Nelson, the elder, about the year 1820, where the Nelson grist-mill now stands. It was run for many years, when it was removed and the grist-mill, erected by David Nelson, jr., or rather the back part of the mill was then erected, the front part hav- ing been built afterward. The mill was weather-boarded with walnut, and much of the inside work consisted of the same material... Black walnut timber was very abun- dant in the township, in former years. The mill still re- mains in the family. The grist-mill of Samuel Eberly, located on Alum creek, in the southeast part of the township, was built by his father, Jacob Eberly, about forty years ago. He es- tablished at the same place, before the crection of the grist-mill, a saw-mill and a still-house, of which Adam Earhart was the builder. STARCH FACTORY. In 184%, Messrs. C. Colgate and Julius J. Wood es- tablished the starch factory south of Columbus. In 1846, Colgate disposed of his interest to Sumner Clark, and the business was continued by Clark & Wood until 1849, when Wood bought out Clark’s interest, and the business was carried on by Mr. Wood alone, until the first of March, 1878, when a stock company, with a cap- ital of one hundred thousand dollars, and Mr. Wood as president, was organized. In 1852, the establishment was destroyed by fire, but was soon after rebuilt. The factory uses five hundred bushels of corn a day, and gives employment to one hundred hands. THE REVOLVING SCRAPER COMPANY, in the northeast part of the city, was organized December 11, 1873, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars. The officers chosen at that time were: ‘Theodore Leonard, president; James Watson, vice-president; F. A. Jacobs, secretary and treasurer; Addison Watson, superintendent. The present officers are as follows: James Kilbourne, president; W. M. Kurtz, secretary; Otway Watson, treas- urer. The company are doing an extensive business in the manufacture of scrapers, plows, and wheel-barrows, giving employment to a large number of hands. COUNTY CHILDREN’S HOME. This institution is located in this township, and was founded in the spring of 1878. The home comprises thirty-two acres of ground, which were purchased by the county commissioner, of B. W. Rees, at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars. The building, which, at this writing, is not yet completed, is a very large brick structure, erected by Messrs. Johnson & Kremer, architects, of Columbus. It will cost, when finished, about forty-five thousand dollars, and will furnish accommodation for over three hundred children. The home is expected to be ready for occupation about the middle of December, when the children now at the Home for the Friendless, on East Friend street, will be turned over to the county, and placed in the new institution. October 31, 1879, the county commissioner appointed J. H. Outhwaite, Isaac Eberly and William E. Horn, trustees of the chil- dren’s home, the appointments to date from March 1, 1880, and to be for one, two, and three years. At this writing, a superintendent for the institution has not been appointed. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.* ‘The first election for township officers, after the organ- ization of the new township of Marion, was held in the spring of 1873, at Circle’s school-house, when the follow- ing officers were chosen: John J. Nelson, clerk; Philo Bb. Watkins, Robert N. Livingston, and Dague, trustees; Samucl Eberly, treasurer; John H. Earhart, assessor. The present township officers aré as follows: Robert N. Livingston, clerk; George E. Roberts, John A. Becker, and —— Beidleman, trustees; George W. Cuffaloo, justice of the peace; Theodore Leonard, treas- urer; John H. Earhart, assessor. Columbus was laid out in 1812, and nearly all events, worthy of note in the township, aside from those mentioned, are associated with the city, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. 50 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. THE MERION FAMILY. In searching for the early history of the Merion family, we find that Nathaniel Merion, sr:, of the town of Dorchester, Massachusetts, was married to Thankful Withrington, in 1749. The fruits of this union were two sons and five daughters. William, the second son, joined Washington's army during the war of Independence, was taken pris- oner by the British, and died in New York city. Nathaniel, the eldest son, married Lydia Gay, daughter of David Gay, and granddaughter of George Talbot, on the nineteenth of December, 1776, They raised eight children, as follows: Millie, Elijah, Mary, Lydia, William, Na- thaniel, Hanna, and David. William Merion, son of Nathaniel Merion, was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts, May 9, 1787. His early life was passed in the home of his birth, and before he became of age, in connection with two brothers and one sister, he purchased eighteen hundred acres of land lying in the Refugee tract, in Franklin county, Ohio, to which place he emigrated in about 1808. He first settled in Franklinton, where he followed the business of carpenter and builder for a year or two. On February 14, 1809, he was married to Sally Wait, who came, with her parents, from New York, in 1806. They remained in Franklinton about a year after marriage, he still following his business of carpenter. They then set- tled on his land, but a few rods south of the present city limits, on High street, at that time ah unbroken forest. Here, with an indomit- able will and sturdy perseverance, they hewed a home out of the wilder- ness, and became among the first pioneers of Columbus. ‘To them were born seven children—three sons and four daughters—of whom William Merion, of Marion township; Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Davis, and Mrs. Stewart, of Columbus, are the only survivors, William Merion, jr., was born in the new home, on High street, Sep- tember ro, 1811. On January 24, 1833, he was married to Catharine Clickenger, by whom he had nine children. Mrs, Merion died June 20, 1857, and on the twenty-eighth of October, 1858, he was again mar- ried, to Mrs. Martha Sheldon, a daughter of James Uncles, who was an early pioneer in Columbus. They have had three children, but one of whom is now living. The children of William Merion now living are: Charles, Henry, Oliver, William, Levi, James, and Edwin, all of whom reside in the vicinity, and three of them on the home farm. Mr. Merion, whose portrait appears on another page of this work, is a man of strong convictions and steadfast purpose, and what he be- lieves to be right and just, he will strongly maintain. As one of the original stockholders of the Columbus and Groveport turnpike, he was early made one of the directors, and for the past thirty years has been treasurer of the company. While always true to the principles of the Republican party, he has never been a place-seeker, though he has been nominated by his friends for county office, and such was his known in- tegrity of character, that he received the full party vote, though in a hopeless race. When the township was known as Montgomery, he served a number of years as trustee, and when the name was changed he proposed to the commissioners that it be called after the name of his father, which was done without a dissenting voice, though the name was spelled with a change of one letter, making it Marion. He has also been a prominent member of the Franklin County Pioneer asso- ciation since its organization, and for several years has been its treasurer. date a FRANKLIN “COUNTY: “COURT HOUSE... 10 “ Na “ ot sie : vn ‘ p yi Res LUNATIC Wit pla go aL AT DT lll 4 tii} mp! mf gal fl ill Weg Lee aS ieot BS, OHtO Pi id 2S mre Te Parent |B. my OO wi l ean INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND. OHIO INSTITUTI = HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. COLUMBUS. PREPADORY. ‘ The existence of a city proves that the human species belongs in natural history, to the class of animals known as gregarious. Perhaps a Darwinian might say that men come honestly by this characteristic; since the apes, their putative ancestors, lived together in flocks, long before men lived at all. But the gregariousness of man, strikingly typified as it is by that of many of the lower species, yet contains ele- ments of which no trace or shadow can be found in the habits of any other animals. The city of modern times is an outgrowth of the instinct of self-improvement, which is a peculiar characteristic of the human race. No other animals manifest the least disposition to im- Some of the feathered tribes, probably, approach nearest to men in their gregarious habits—especially in their modes of architecture. prove upon the condition of their progenitors. The swallows, for instance, build their nests in large numbers contiguous to one another, for society and protection—each nest accommodating but a single family. The construction of their dwellings ex- hibits skill and forethought; and the instinct which guides them in their operations is, in many respects, But they do not manifest the least tendency to improve, or even hardly distinguishable from human reason. to change. As far back as our knowledge of the species extends, they have built their nests in precisely the same fashion; and there is no reason to suppose that they will ever build them in any other. It is true that the nests of nearly, if not quite, all species of birds, are built solely for the convenience of propagation; and even when new ones are not con- structed every year, the old ones are occupied but tem- porarily, from year to year. The remarks made above, however, apply with equal force to those animals, whether gregarious or solitary, which construct permanent dwell- ings for shelter and protection. Their mode of architec- ture is neither-taught by one generation to another, nor has it ever undergone, so far as can be ascertained, the least change since the art, by whatever means, was first communicated to the species. The abodes of civilized men, on the other hand, are built only by those who have been carefully taught the art of building; and their modes of architecture are con- stantly changing. Whether or not barbarism was the primal condition of the race, or a deterioration from a better and happier state, it is certain that what we now call civilization is the result of gradual improvements upon a state of barbarism. Neither state, the barbarous nor the civilized, can pro- perly be predicated of brute animals; since both alike presuppose a capacity for self-improvement, in which The habits of brute animals (like those of plants) may be brutes (as we have said) are obviously deficient. changed by domestication, which results from an external force brought to bear upon them by the dominant race —a change which, when left to themselves, they have no power to perpetuate and transmit to their descendants. But civilization is the result of internal moral and spiri- tual forces, of whose influence brutes are no more sus- When, therefore, Sir Charles Lubbock speaks of “‘the present state of civiliza- ceptible than plants themselves. tion among ants,” unless his language is intentionally humorous, it must be regarded as absurd and prepos- terous. A modern dwelling—especially a suburban villa, with ‘all the modern improvements”—is an epitome of modern civilization. The highest achievements of hu- man skill and ingenuity in the practical sciences, in the mechanical and decorative arts, are embodied in its erec- tion and ornamentation, and in filling it with all the ap- pliances of comfort and convenience, of elegance and beauty. Its grounds, under the magic hand of that double artist, the landscape gardener, become a work of art-in-nature, where the essential elements of picture and sculpture blend in a wonderful harmony. The science of architecture which gives it beauty of form and dura- bility of structure, is one of the sublimest outgrowths of man’s desire for immortality. To the same and kindred desires, which mark man as a spiritual being, are to be attributed all the attractions of painting and statuary, of (505) 506 music and literature, with which its interior abounds. The parental authority and the filial obedience which obtain within its precincts, are the germs of all human government and loyalty. And the virtues—and, alas! the vices, too—which spring up ‘in those precincts, become, when multiplied by millions of other homes, and modi- fied by contact with the various forms of social life, the characteristics of the country and of the age. It is obvious that the history of such a dwelling, and all that legitimately belongs to it, would fill many volumes, and occupy the mind and pen of the readiest historian through the longest lifetime. What, then, shall we say of the history of a city like Columbus, which contains thousands of dwellings properly ranking with the one we have briefly described, and a much larger number of an in- ferior and descending rank, terminating in the cabin of ex- treme poverty? Inthe history of a city, it is obvious that very little can be said of its individual and domestic life. It is ‘only where these come in contact, or become coinci- -dent, with some of its organized forms of public life—in pecuniary, industrial, political, military, benevolent, relig- ious, educational, or social affairs—that they can be mentioned at all. These various interests must, for the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. most part, furnish the material of which our history is to be composed. But when we reflect how ramified each of these interests has become, and over how great a length of time the history of nearly all its branches ex- tends, we shall perceive that the difficulty will not be to find material for our work, but to select judiciously from the superbundant nfaterial which will be offered to our hands. Take the religious interest, as an example. This is represented by some forty-three church organizations, several of which have been in existence over half a cen- tury.