GAS RCE eA ree haan et okt ORES Say dg scterar a ce ae oe pie mia eae cere CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN I89I BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE | 3 C73 University Library | F 547E FT ita olin Overs Date Due _DPRTUBZ RZ | PRINTEO IN/U. S, A. (bay CAT.| NO. 23233 he Ys agp WR. Bax ob x # pe +4 1682. B+ COMBINED HISTORY EDWARDS, LAWRENCE sf WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Wits JLLUSTRATIONS DESCRIPTIVE OF THEIR SCENERY Biographical Skelrhjes of some of their Prominent en and Pinweers, —_———_—_—__— + <> ++ o___ PUBLISHED BY JI. L. McDONOUGH & CoO., PHILADELPHIA. CORRESPONDING OFFICE, EDWARDSVILLE, ILL, +1883. &+ Py geeyl C77 ATS) WAG PREFACE. > - ~<«— —— ITE publishers desire to return their sin- cere thanks to those who have aided in making this work thorough and com- plete. For the incidents relative to the early settle- ment of these counties, we are indebted to a few early pioneers, who have seen a wild frontier country develop into a wealthy and populous com- munity; especially are we under obligations to the writings of George Flower and Morris Birkbeck, whose graphic articles shed much light on the for other facts we are under obligations to a class early settlements in this section of the state. of intelligent men, who, amid the ordinary pur- suits of life, have taken pains to thoroughly in- form themselves in regard to the past lustory and resources of their county. Among those who have specially contributed to the history of Ed- wards county are:—Charles Churchill, Alexander Stewart, Jesse Emmerson, John Woods, John Tribe, Philander Gould, Ansel A. Gould, George Lofp, Enoch Greathouse, Benjamin Ulm, Francis Great- house; Thomas Coad, George Michels, Elisha Chism, and Dr. F. B. Thompson. The gentlemen who have assisted us in Law- rence county are :—J. W. Crews, David D. Lanter- man, J. M. Miller, Samuel Sumner, A. I. Judy, George McCleave, Dr. W. M. Garrard, Richard King, Francis Tougas, Renick Heath and William Laws. In the preparation of the history of Wabash coun- ty we have been materially assisted by Judge Robert Bell, James M. Sharp, Judge E. B. Green, Dr. Jacob Schneck, Joseph Compton, Dr. James Harvey, John Dyar, E B. Keen, Thompson Blackford, Henry Lov- ellette, Dr. A. J. McIntosh, J. J. Smith, Wm, Ulm, Thomas N. Armstrong, Ira Keen, John Rigg, D. L. Tilton, A. B. Cory, J. Zimmerman, Mrs. Elizabeth Litherland, John Wood and John Higgins. To the county officials of the respective counties we extend our thanks for the many courtesies extended, during the compilation of this work. Among the chapters most fruitful in interest to a great number of our readers, will be found those which treat of the early history of the churches. Many persons are now living whose fathers and grandfathers, in the humble log cabin, which was then the only house of worship, assisted in founding organizations which have been of the To the clergymen of the different denominations, and to greatest good to subsequent generations. many of the older members of these socteties, we The editors of the several newspapers have also. rendered are indebted for much valuable information. assistance in that prompt and cheerful manner so characteristic of the journahstic profession. We have endeavored, with all diligence and care- fulness, to make the best of the material at our command. We have confined ourselves, as nearly as possible, to the original data furnished. The sub- ject matter has been carefully classified, and will be a great help to the public as a book of reference con- cerning the past history of the county. The facts were gathered frum many different sources, and de- pend largely, not on exact written records, but on the uncertain and conflicting recollections of different individuals! We have tried to preserve the inci- dents of pioneer history, to accurately present the natural features and material resources of this por- tion of the state, and to gather the facts likely to be of most interest to our present readers, and of greatest importance to coming generations. If our readers will take into consideration the diffi- culties of the task, we feel assured of a favorable verdict on our undertaking. LHE LERLISHARS TABLE OF CHAPTER I. A Brier Skercn or THE Norru-Wesr TERRITORY. PAGE Geographical Position, 9; Early Explora- tions, 9; Discovery of the Ohio, 15; English Explorations and Settle- ments, 16; American Settlements, 22; Division of the North-West Territory, 23; Present Condition of the North- West, 24. . - » 9-25 CHAPTER II. Brier Historica SKRIcH OF ILLINoIs. French Possessions, 25; The first Settle- ments in Illinois, 26; Founding of Kaskaskia, 27; As a part of Louisi- ana, 27; Fort Chartres, 28; Under French rule, 29; Character of the Karly French Settlers, 30; A Possession of Great Britain, 30 ; Conquest by Clark, 32; The ‘ Compact of 1787,” 32; Land Tenures, 34; Physical Features of the State, 35; Progress and Development, 35; Material Resources of the State, 36; Annual Products, 36; The War Record, 38; Civil Government, 39; Territorial and State Officers, 40 ; Mis- vellaneous Information. ..... 25-45 CHAPTER III. GroGRAPHY, AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND RatLRoaD FactLities. Epwagps County, 46; LAWRENCE County, 46; WazasH County, 47. Railroads, Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific, 48; Ohio and Mississippi, 49; Louisville, Evansville and St. Louis, 49; Peoria, Decatur and Evansville, 49; . . 46-50 CHAPTER IV. GEOLOGY. Epwarps County, 50; Wazasa County, 51; Lawrence County, 53. . 50-54 act 0am — CHAPTER V. FLora. List of Native Woody Plants, Grasses, etc., etc... . . . 56,56 CHAPTER VI. Fauna. Treating of the Various Families of Ani- mals and Birds that have existed in these counties. ....... ...+ . 56-58 CHAPTER VII. PIoNEERS AND EARLY SETTLERS. Epwarps County, First Settlers, 58 ; Karly Marriages, 66; The Deep Snow, 67; The Sudden Freeze, 67. Lawrence County, First Settlers, 68; WaBasH County, First Settlers, 73; Pioneer Mills, 77; The Cannon Massacre, 78; Habits and Modes of living in Pioneer tmes 78: 2 4 Be ee eA Se ars 58~80 CHAPTER VIII. Crvin History. Epwarps County, Act creating the Coun- ty, 80; County Government at Pal- myra, 81; Second Court, Third Court, Justice’s Court, 84; First and Second Commissioner’s Court, 85; County Government at Albion, County Com- missioner’s Court from First to Four- teenth, 86-88; County Courts, from First to Severith, 89,90; Boards of County Commissioners, 90,91; Pub- lic Buildings, 91; Taxable Property, 92; Circuit Courts, First Murder Trial, 93; Second Murder Case, 94; First Naturalization, J udges of Circuit Court, First Probate Business, The First Will, Probate Judges, 95; First Deed Recorded, Delegates to Constitu- tional Convention, The County in the General Assembly 96 ; County Officers 97. CONTENTS. PAGE Lawrence County, 97; County Gov- ernment, 100; Militia Districts, 101 ; Public Buildings, The First Court- house, 102; Early Ferries, Early Revenue, Fiscal Statement of De- cember 6, 1827, 105; Election Pre- cincts, 104-106 ; County Finance since 1827, 106-108 ; Circuit Courts, 1821 to 1848, 108-110; United States Census 1850, County Government from 1849 to 1883, Swamp Lands, 110; Finan- cial Notes 1849 to 1883, 111; Officers Representing and Serving Lawrence County, 111-115. Wazasn Covnty, Organization, etc., 115- 120; Public Buildings, 120-123 ; Tax- es and Debts, 1825 to 1850, 123, 124; Railroad Debts, 124; Officers Repre- senting and Serving the county, 125- Lele See Ge & Gow . . 80-127 CHAPTER IX. Tue Benco anp Bar. Circuit Judges & Non-resident lawyers, 128. Epwarps County, Former Resident Law- yers, 129; Present Bar, 129. Law- RENCE County, Former Resident Law- yers, 130; Present Bar, 130; Wa- BasH County, Former Resident Law- yers, and Present Bar, 132.. . . 127-133 CHAPTER X., TRE PREss. Giving the Names of all the News- papers that have been printed in each of the Counties. ....... 133-137. CHAPTER XI. ~ PATRIOTISM. Black Hawk War, 137-141; War of the Rebellion, 141; A List of Names of the volunteers from each of the Counties, with a short historical Sketch of the Regiments to which they belonged .. 1... ... 137-156 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER XII. Common ScHoo.s. The School Systems of the State—their Growth, Resources and Management etc., 156; Lawrence County ? Epwarps County, 159; 161; County, 162. .... a Bey WABASH . 156-163 CHAPTER AIII. EccLEsrasticaL. Epwarps County.—-Methodist Church, 163; Protestau.t Episcopal, 165; Baptist, 167; Churcl: of Christ, 268; Cumberland Presbyterian, 172; United Brethren, 176; Evangelical Association, 179; Lawrence Counry.--Presbyterian Church, 181; Christian Church, 182; United Brethren, 200; Disciples of Christ, 183; Methodist Protestant, 184; Methodist Episcopal, 185. Wa- Basu County.—Christian Church, 186; M. E. Church, 189; Presbyterian, 192; Evangelical, 195; Catholic, 198; Ger- man Lutheran, 198; Evangelical As- sociation of N, A.,199; United Breth- renin Christ, 200........ 163-202 BIOGRAPHIES. Adavis; Davids. ««#« 3% « % . . 800 Armstrong, Thomas N.. . .2. . . . . . 298 Armstrong, Berkley (deceased)... .. 297 Bears Vames. ay Aw ar eh SS Se ae 220 Bell, Hon. Robert. ........ 247 Belles, Philip... ... Soh Ae SoS 3380 Berninger, Isaiah . 2. 1. 2 we, . 3807 Blood, John M. (deceased) . 2... 2... 276 Bocktiouse, William « 2 « a % 4 @ © & @ 825 Bower, George ...... Gye eS 228 Brause, Augist: 2.2. .¢ 4% 8 544. 802 Briggs, Jonathan... 1... ee ee, 216 Burkelt, Jou Ts 2 « s ee 4 % 8 © # % 262 Campbell, Joseph M. . 2... . 04. 226 Churchill, Joel . eae ee 215 Colyer, Waltép a. % we ee we 226 Compton, Van BUren oe 2. 4 a 6 & & & & a 298 Curdling, RobertW.... 0... «227 Dalby, Samuel Nelson . . 214-8 Dickson, Dr. Henry LL. 2. 2. 2. 224 Edwards, Eld. Caleb ‘ Har a 2 nee Emmerson, Morris. ........4. . 226 Ewald, GeorgeC. . 2... 2... . 823 Files, Dr. Chesterfield . 220 Flower, George... .... . 212 Flower, Mrs, Eliza Julia . 214-4 Flower, R.C . ...... 224-4 PAGE Foster, Blasliel «24 4 «3 9 « # 3815 Foster, William F.. 2... 2. 1 ee ee 224 Fox, Jeremiah. « «6 «© 6 @ 6 2 © 0 8 & & 299 Frazer, Dr. Milton D. . 2. 1... 2 ee 330 Freeman, Samuel... «© «© eee 324 French, Dr. ZebaD. . 2. 2 ee eee 269 Friend, Dr. William... 1... 1 wee 310 Frost, James... 4 eB ae ee Sw S 275 Cra TENORIO: ao dev dey GO aap a See ee 274 Glaubensklee, Henry 225 Gordon, Robert 8. . ae ae ee ee 262 Gould, AMSéleAs. ie aa sk e wom a 4 Re 314 Gould, Philander 314 Gray; DE Pe Ss aa es ae ee Ge se 300 Green, Hon. Edward B, . .....-. 249 Groff, Hon. John ....... . 822 Hallam, JOBNs ¢ 2 sw q ao @ & & 224 Harris; Gibsoht s «sa ee & Se es 217 Harrison, John M. .....e. s « « 261 Havyill; Prank Wy «0 65 0 4 ee He 253 Higgins, John ww ww ee ee 308 Hoopes, Caleb. 2. 2 % 4 2 @ a @ & os . 267 Jaquess, Hon.Isaac NN... . 2... . . 258 Joy; Thomas: Diy a 2 a 3 eo & ~ ewe 261 Kamp; Louis: « 2 eau dose a ee es 263 Keen, Hon. E.B. .... 1. ewe. 835 Keen, George W. ..- 2. ee ee eee 306 Keniepp, CaptainG.M. .......4. 258 King, Henry (deceased)... ...... 299 Landes, Hon. Silas Z. ........ . 252 Lescher, Dr. Jacob .. 2... 2... 259 Lewis, Harlie Vi. 2 2 is ee ee wee 829 Low, Dr. Lyman W .......... 219 Manley, Alfred P.. 2... 2 2 eee 257 Manley, Frank/C... 2 3 a @ @ os % & 825 Manley, Dr. PaulG. ... 2... 2. 836 Mayo, WalterL. 6. es se ee ee 221 Marx, Samuel. 2. 6 0 6% 8 8 wo ms 807 Marx, Philip Hy 2. 4 4 6 ee ee we 4% 808 McClane, Dr.C.T. 8 82. 2. we wee 824 MeChivkin, Dr. Jom, «4 6 © eee 225 McDowell, Dr. James O. . . 2... 1. . 268 McIntosh, Dr. AndrewJ.. ......04. 296 MecJilton, Dr. NKdward LL. 2. 2... 808 Medler, William U. 2... .....-.2 Michels, George, 2 2 4 2 ew 6 8 214 Miller, Kdward 2 2. 2 2. i Lot Miller, Dr. CharlesJ. 2... 20... 259 Morgan, Maxwell W.. . a Bey By Be ws 218 Murphy, Dr. Hugh A... 2. o «260 Parkinson, Robert (deceased). . 2... 260 Parmenter, Henry. .......... 826 Petty; Ge Wa. 4k wR we oe HW eM 268 Pixley, Asa (deceased) . . ‘ 316 Price, Isaac F. 256 Putnam, Samuel R. 255 PAGE Rice, Cyrus. 2. ee ee eet 220 Rigg, Henry H.. 2. 2 1 - - 323 Rigg, James W.. 2. - ee ee es 260 Rodgers, Augustine J... - eee es 309 Rude, David S. 2... 2 ee ee es 218 Samoniel Brothers... . . + eee 257 Schaefer, Dr. H.M... 2... ee ees 816 Schneck, Dr. J... 6. se eee 256 Schrodt,John. 2. 2 - ee ee eee 245 Sears, Dr. Paul. 2.0. ee ee ee OME Seibert. Charles. ...... * 310 Seitz, Jr., William... 1... eee > 258 Sentance, John . . 1... ee ee ees 222 Shearer, Joseph B. . ... +++ . 806 Smith, Dr, JamesE.....- 14-5 > 297 Smith, John... 1. e+ ee 218 Smith, Valentine .. 1. - - ee ees 255 Smith, Rozander .......-- . 809 Stewart, Alexander ...... 2+: 223 Stoltz, George ......- 2. - 807 Strahan, John (deceased). . . ~~. - 324 Tribe, William B. ... . . ++ ee 216 Ulm, Captain William .. ...-.-s 321 Utter, Abraham (deceased)... .. . . 246 Vandermark, Simon. ..... 288 Vandermark, Cyrus ......-++:-. 288 Waller, Dr Fay Ke ...-. see - 309 Wilkinson, Thomas 3 ‘ 4 283 Wilkinson, Hon. William R.. . . 2... 284 Wood, Joseph. . . 2. ee ee 216 Woods, Thomas T.. . ae ween Wood, Hon William (deceased) . . . . . 250 Zimmerman, Hon.Jacob .... . 248 TOWNSHIPS. Allison fh. bia ee Sew eae eS 276 Bellmonty,, ein OS> See Ress 319 Bond. vs ah ses Soc eee adidas eS 842 Bridgeport . e io ees eS peer City and Precinct of Albion. 2. 2... 203 City and Township of Lawrenceville . . , 228 City and Precinct of Mt. Carmel. . . . . 235 CHEIStY: -o fea sa Se a e ey 264 GOMeG: i. a RD Se BOS & Sw Gece 331 DenwiSONy sw, wes val ee Sw a ws « « « 285 DIXON) s: Gi se % A Be Oe Re GS 289 French ‘Creek ys 2 3 4% w 4 8 xe we we 3387 PRICHOSVINE: as ag as wi ay who GE Bi ares te 278 Lancaster 2... 1. we . 803 Lick Prairie ......., a8 - 840 UIST Sais, anh). cee LS “aw ers tg ee 301 Rety: ee 6 ee ee he ew ee « elt Russell) «2 ae a ee 6 bie 56 Sn a 2E9 SalOMNs Ga. Lotige Giana ve Soe ee 311 Shelby sa we 4 @ Be wae ee 272 Wabasli 2 @ ao eee ee Ges 291 TABLE OF CONTENTS. vii PAGE Pe eee Landes, Mrs... .-... Between 248-249 ——_ nia == magn | Manley, Dr PG... . 1. +. Pacing 332 Armstrong, Berkley... ... . Facing 296 Adams, David (deceased). . . . . Facing 308 Map ot Counties... 2... Facing 9 Blood, John M. (dec’'d) . . . . . Facing 276 Armstrong, Berkley . . . . Facing 290 Medler, Wm. H. ........ Facing 272 Churchill, Joel . 2... 2... 215 | Bear,JamesW,.......- Facing 342 Miller, Edward. ..... . . Facing 336 lower, Gemge ss ee aes caw a 212 | Blood, Meas «a 2+ 4 «4 > Hactwa den. | Permenten, Benny yee we ao Facing 336 Flower, Mrs. Eliza Julia. . 2... . 214-a Bond Ua, eascs ek. a8 . . Facing 226 Pixley, A. Jr... eee eee Facing 310 Flower Re «oe & we we eae MDE Buxton, Dr. W.E. ....... Facing 264 Public Buildings, EdwardsCounty . Facing 84 Foster, Blashel » 2 2. 2... 7 eee 315 | Churchill Bros.’ Business Block . . Facing 208 Public Buildings, Lawrenceville . . Facing 282 Frost, JamesP .... . 275 | Churchill, James, Residence . . . Facing 208 re Facing 280 Gill, Thomas... 2... Lee, . 274 | Churchill, Mrs. Joel, Residence . . Facing 208 Rigg, JAW. 2 2 ee ee ee Facing 256 Gould, Philander, ....... Facing 314 Court-House, Mt. Carmel . . Facing 120 Sears, Dr. Paul . . . Between 248-249 Gould, MarthaL ...... . . Facing 314 Curtis John. a4 eee GS Facing 268 Seibert, Charles ......4.- Facing 304 Gould, Mrs. Sarah (dec’d). . . . Facing 314 | Dreibelbis, F. and J. Mill . . Facing 232 | Seiler, Jacob... .... . . . Facing 236 Gould, Ansel A... ...... Facing 814 Ewald, George... 2... 0. Facing 284 Sentance, J.andSon ...... Facing 226 Gould, Chloe S. 2... 1... Facing 314 | Foster, Blashel . ........ Facing 326 Smith, Rozander ..... ~~. Facing 308 Groff, John and Wife. ..... Facing 322 | Frost, JamesP........2.. Facing 272 Smith, James N. . . . Facing 274 Harris, Gibson... 2 1 1 ee 217 | Gawthorpe, Thos... .. 2. tagged: | SERBS ea eee a Hnerag BBO Lescher, Dr. Jacob .......- ee. a Hoi pe | UE HB) x ae ew ee es Facing 226 Low, Dr. LymanW ... 1... 1... 219 | Glaubensklee, Henry and Sarah. Facing 226 Utter, Abraham (deceased) . . . . Facing 247 Mayo, Walige lL. . ee ees ewe ea 221 | Gould, Devel... 2.2... Facing Bod, | Woodsteeeph 4 + 2 + = - Facing 216 Pixley, Asa (dec’'d). ...... Facing 816 | Gould, Ansel, Jr... 2.0... Tadap dig | eet ONEP ER. x 2s «x . » Facing 280 Rice, Cyrus ........ . . Facing 220 | Gould, Philander ..... Between 312-313 Wood, Thomas... .....-- Facing 342 Rude, David 8. (dec’d) .. . . Facing 218 | Gould, Ansel AL... . . Retwaen aie Sig | WHEE Dame Poa es eee a Facing 256 Sears, Dr. Paul. . 2... 2.2 ee 244 | Groff, John. . 2... 0. | Between 320-321 —= Stewart, Alexander .......... 223 | Kamp's Mill .......... Facing 240 | Partial List of Patrons ......... 345 Utter, Abraham (deceased)... .... 246 Keen, E. Bs . © a @ % @ e % ex Facing 298 | Constitution of Illinois. ....... 360 Utter, Mrs. Elizabeth ......... 246 | Keen,G.W.... 2.2.2... . Facing 808 | Declaration of Independence 372 Wood, Hon. William (dec’d) . . . Facing 250 | Keen, W.E. .......... Facing 832 | Constitution of the United States 373 Wood, Joseph (dec’d). .. 1... Facing 216 | King Henry (deceased) . . . Facing 800 | Amendments to Constitution of U. 8... . 376 CRAWFORD ee ae ae oe GS R18 E. = RIZE. T.5N, _QUTEINE-M4p. IRUSSEULWI ~~ Q-F “eGo EDWARDS, iia ae eae WABASH agen? ta The t$— TAN. adh : x NARI GH LAN D | a RtCcCH LAN O C0; ‘5 ; > \ Q 2 N. - ROIAW, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILL ~~ BO CHAPTER 1, A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. ’N 1784 the North Western Territory was § ceded to the United States by Virginia. It embraced only the territory lying be- tween the Ohio and Mississippi rivers; and north, to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, and 7K that portion of Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi river. On the first day of March, _ 1784, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee, and James Monroe, delegates in Congress on the part of Vir- ginia, executed a deed of cession, by which they transferred to the United States, on certain conditions, all right, title and claim of Virginia to the country known as the North- western Territory. But by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was ex- tended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles, being greater than the united areas of the Middle and Southern states, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign states and eight territories, with an aggregate population at the present time of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one-third of the entire population of the United States. Its rivers are the largest on the continent, flowing thous- ands of miles through its rich alluvial valleys and broad, fertile prairies. Its lakes are fresh-water seas, upon whose bosom floats the commerce of many states. Its far-stretching prairies have more acres that are arable and productive than any other area of like extent on the globe. For the last quarter of a century the increase of popula- tion and wealth in the north-west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States. EARLY EXPLORATIONS. In the year 1512, on Easter Sunday, the Spanish name for which is Pascua Florida,* Juan Ponce de Leon, an old comrade of Columbus, discovered the coast of the American continent, near St. Augustine, and in honor of the day and of the blossoms which covered the trees along the shore, named the new-found country Florida. Juan had been led to undertake the discovery of strange lands partly by the hope of finding endless stores of gold, and partly by the wish to reach a fountain that was said to exist deep within the forests of North America, which possessed the power of renovating the life of those who drank of or bathed in its waters. He was made governor of the region he had visited but circumstances prevented his return thither until 1521; and then he went only to meet death at the hands of the Indians. In the meantime, in 1516, a Spanish sea-captain, Diego Miruelo, had visited the coast first reached by Ponce de Leon, and in his barters with the natives had received con- siderable quantities of gold, with which he returned home and spread abroad new stories of the wealth hidden in the interior. Ten years, however, passed before Pamphilo de Narvaez undertook to prosecute the examination of the lands north of the Gulf of Mexico. Narvaez was excited to action by the late astonishing success of the conqueror of Montezuma, but he found the gold for which he sought constantly flying before him; each tribe of Indians referred him to those living farther in the interior. And from tribe to tribe he and his companions wandered. They suffered untold priva- tions in the swamps and forests; and out of three hundred followers only four or five at length reached Mexico, And still these disappointed wanderers persisted in their original fancy, that Florida was as wealthy as Mexico or Peru. * Pascum, the old English “Pash” or Passover; ‘‘ Paseua Florida” is the wHalyaay of Flowers.” e 10 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Among those who had faith in that report was Ferdinand de Soto, who had been with Pizarro in the conquests of Peru. He asked and obtained leave of the King of Spain to con- quer Florida at hisown cost. It was given in the year 1538. With a brilliant and noble band of followers he left Europe and in May, 15388, after a stay in Cuba, anchored his vessels near the coast of the Peninsula of Florida, in the bay of Spiritu Santa, or Tampa bay. De Soto entered upon his march into the interior with a determination to succeed. From June till November of 1539, the Spaniards toiled along until they reached the neighborhood of Appalachee bay. During the next season, 1540, they followed the course suggested «by the Florida Indians, who. wished them out of their country, and going to the north-east, crossed the rivers and climbed the moun- tains of Georgia. De Soto was a stern, severe man, and none dared to murmur. De Soto passed the winter with his little band near the Yazoo. In April, 1541, the resolute Spaniard set forward, and upon the first of May reached the banks of the great river of the West, not far from the 35th parallel of latitude.* A month was spent in preparing barges to convey the horses, many of which still lived, across the rapid stream. Having successfully passed it, the explorers pursued their way northward, into the neighborhood of New Madrid; then turning westward again, marched more than two hun- dred miles from the Mississippi to the highlands of White river; and still no gold, no gems, no cities—only bare prai- ries, and tangled forests, and deep morasses To the south again they toiled on, and passed their third winter of wander- ing upon the Washita. In the following spring (1542), De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, descended the Washita to its junction with the Mississippi. He heard, when he reached the mighty stream of the west, that its lower portion flowed through endless and uninhabitable swamps. The news sank deep into the stout heart of the disap- pointed warrior. His health yielded to the contests of his mind and the influence of the climate. He appointed a successor, and on the 21st of May died. His body was sunk in the stream of the Mississippi. Deprived of their ener- getic leader, the Spaniards determined to try to reach Mexico by land. After some time spent in wandering through the forests, despairing of success in the attempt to rescue them- selves by land, they proceeded to prepare such vessels as they could to take them to sea. From January to July 1543, the weak, sickly band of gold-seekers labored at the doleful task, and in July reached, in the vessels thus built, the Gulf of Mexico, and by September entered the river Paunco. One-half of the six hundred t who had disem- barked with De Soto, so gay in steel and silk, left their bones among the mountains and in the morasses of the South, from Georgia to Arkansas, De Soto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened ® De Soto probably was at the lower Chickasaw bluffs. The Spaniards called the Mississippi Rio Grande, Great River, which is the literal meaning of the aboriginal name. ) t De Biedna says there landed 620 men, lv such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by De Soto’s defeat. As it was, for more than a century after the expedition, the west remained utterly unknown to the whites. The French were the first Europeans to make settlements on the St. Lawrence river and along the great lakes. Quebec was founded by Sir Samuel Champlain in 1608,* and in 1609 when Sir Henry Hudson was exploring the noble river which bears his name, Champlain ascended the Sorrelle river, and discovered, embosomed between the Green moun- tains, or “ Verdmont,” as the chivalrous and poetic French- man called them, and the Adirondacks, the beautiful sheet of water to which his name is indissolubly attached. In 1613 he founded Montreal. During the period elapsing between the years 1607 and 1664, the English, Dutch, and Swedes alternately held pos- session of portions of the Atlantic coast, jealously watching one another, and often involved in bitter controversy, and not seldom in open battle, until, in the latter year, the English became the sole rulers, and maintained their rights until the era of the Revolution, when they in turn were compelled to yield to the growing power of their colonies, and retire from the field. The French movements, from the first settlement at Quebec, and thence westward, were led by the Catholic missionaries. Le Caron, a Franciscan friar, who had been the companion and friend of Champlain, was the first to penetrate the western wilds, which he did in 1616* in a birch canoe, exploring lake Huron and its tributaries. This was four years before the Pilgrims “Moored their bark on the wild New England shore.” Under the patronage of Louis XIII, the Jesuits took the advance, and began vigorously the work of Christianizing the savages in 16382. In 1634, three Jesuit missionaries, Brébeuf, Daniel, and Lallemand, planted a mission on the shores of the lake of the Iroquois, (probably the modern Lake Simcoe), and also established others along the eastern border of Lake Huron. From a map published in 1660, it would appear that the French had at that date, become quite familiar with the region from Niagara to the head of Lake Superior, includ- ing considerable pertions of Lake Michigan. In 1641, Fathers Jogues and Raymbault embarked on the Penetanguishine Bay for the Sault St. Marie, where they arrived after a passage of seventeen days. A crowd of two thousand natives met them, and a great council was held. At this meeting the French first heard of many nations dwelling beyond the great lakes. Father Raymbault died in the wilderness in 1642, while enthusiastically pursuing his discoveries. The same year, Jogues and Bressani were captured by the Indians and tortured, and in 1648 the mission which had been founded at St. Joseph was taken and destroyed, and Father Daniel slain. In 1649, the missions St. Louis and St Ignatius * Western Aunals, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 11 were also destroyed, and Fathers Brébeuf and Lallemand barbarously tortured by the same terrible and unrelenting enemy. Literally did those zealous missionaries of the Romish Church “take their lives in their hands,” and lay them a willing sacrifice on the altar of their faith. It is stated by some writer that, in 1654, two fur traders accompanied a band of Ottawas on a journey of five hun- dred leagues to the west. They were absent two years, and on their return brought with them fifty canoes and two hundred and fifty Indians to the French trading posts. They related wonderful tales of the countries they had scen, and the various red nations they had visited, and described the lofty mountains and mighty rivers in glowing terms. A new impulse was given to the spirit of adventure, and scouts and traders swarmed the frontiers and explored the great lakes and adjacent country, and a party wintered in 1659-GO on the south shore of Lake Superior. In 1660 Father Mesnard was sent out by the Bishop of Quebec, and visited Lake Superior in October of that year. While crossing the Keweenaw Point he was lost in the wilder- ness and never afterwards heard from, though his cassock and breviary were found long afterwards among the Sioux. A change was made in the government of New France in 1665. The Company of the Hundred Associates, who had ruled it since 1632, resigned its charter. Tracy was made Viceroy, Courcelles Governor, and Talon Intendent.* This was called the Government of the West Indies. The Jesuit missions were taken under the care of the new govenment, and thenceforward became the leaders in the movement to Christianize the savages. In the same year (1665) Pierre Claude Allotiez was sent out by way of the Ottawa river to the far west, via the Sault St. Marie and the south shore of Lake Superior, where he landed at the bay of Chegoimegon. Flere he found the chicf village of the Chippewas, and established a mission. Tle also made an alliance with them and the Sacs, ’oxes and Itlinois,} against the formidable Iroquois. Allotiez, the next year (1666) visited the western end of the great lake, where he mct the Sioux, and from them first learned of the Missis- sippi river which they called “Mecssipi’’ Irom thence he returned to Quebec. In 1668 Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette estab- lished the mission at the Sault called St. Maric, and during the next five years Allotiez, Dablon and Marquette explored the region of Lake Superior on the south shore, and ex- tending to Lake Michigan. They also established the mis- sions of Chegoimegon, St. Maric, Mackinaw and Green Bay. The plan of exploring the Mississippi probably originated with Marquette. It was at once sanctioned by the Inten- dent, Talon, who was ambitious to extend the dominion of France over the whole West. In 1670 Nicholas Perot was sent to the West to propose a congress of all the nations and tribes living in the vicinity of the lakes; and, in 1671, a great council was held at Sault St. Maric, at which the Cross was sct up, and the nations of * The dutios of Intendent included a supervision cf the policy, justice, end finance of the province. + The meaning of this word is said to be “ Men.” the great North-west were taken into an alliance, with much pomp and ceremony. . On the 13th of May, 1673, Marquette, Jolict, and five voyageurs, embarked in two birch canocs at Mackinaw and entered Lake Michigan. The first nation they visited was the ‘‘ Folles-Avoines,” or nation of Wild Oats, since known as the Menomonies, living around the “ Baie des Puans,’’ or Green Bay. These people, with whom Marquette was some- what acquainted, endeavored to persuade the adventurers from visiting the Mississippi. They represented the Indians on the great river as being blood-thirsty and savage in the extreme, and the river itself as being inhabited by monsters which would devour them and their canoes together.* Marquette thanked them for their advice, but declined to be guided by it. Passing through Green Bay, they ascended the Fox River, dragging their canoes over the strong rapids and visited the village, where they found living in Larmony together tribes of the Miamis, Mascoutens f and Kikabeaux or Kickapoos. Leaving this point onthe 10th of June, they made the portage to the “ Ouisconsin,’’ and descended that stream to the Mississippi, which they entered on the 17th with a joy, as Marquette says, which he could not express.” Sailing down the Mississippi, the party reached the Des Moines River, and, according to some, visited an Indian village some two leagues up the strcam. Here the people again tried to persuade them from prosecuting their voyage down the river. After a great feast and a dance, and a night passed with this hospitable people, they procecdcd on their way, escorted by six hundred persons to their canoes. These people called themselves Ilinois, or Illini. The name of their tribe was Peruaca, and their language a dialect of the Algonquin. Leaving these savages, they proceeded down the river. Passing the wonderful rocks, which still excite the admira- tion of the traveller, they arrived at the mouth of another great river, the Pekitanni, or Missouri of the present day. They noticed the condition of its waters, which they described as “ muddy, rushing and noisy.” Passing a great rock, § they came to the Ouabouskigon, or Ohiv. Marquette shows this river very small,even as com- pared with the IWinois. From the Ohio they passed as far down as the Akamsca, or Arkansas, where they came very near being destroyed by the natives; but they finally paci- fied them, and, on the 17th of July, they commenced their return voyage. The party reached Green Bay in September without loss or injury, and reported their discoveries, which were among the most important of that age. Marquette afterwards returned to Illinois, and preached to the ratives until 1675. On the 18th of May of that year, while cruising up the castern coast of Lake Michigan with a party of boatmen, he landed at the mouth of a stream putting into the lake from the east, since known as the river Marquette. He performed mass, and went a little apart to pray, and being *Sce legend of the great bird, the terrible “ Piasa,” tha: tevoured men and was only overcome by the sacr‘fice of a brave young chief. The rocks above Alton, Illinois, have some rude representations of this monster. bras Indians. + Marquette’s journal. ¢ The grand tower. 12 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. gone longer than his companions deemed necessary, they went in search of him, and found him dead where he had knelt. They buried him in the sand. While this distinguished adventurer was pursuing his labors, two other men were preparing to follow in his foot- step, and make still further explorations, and, if possible, more important discoveries. These were the Chevalier Robert de Ja Salle and Louis Hennepin. La Salle was a native of Rouen, in Normandy. He was educated at a seminary of the Jesuits, and designed for the ministry, but, for reasons unknown, he left the seminary and came to Canada, in 1667, where he engaged in the fur trade. Like nearly every intelligent man, he became intensely interested in the new discoveries of the West, and conceived the idea of exploring the passage to the great South Sea, which by many was believed to exist. He made known his ideas to the Governor-General, Count Frontenac, and de- sired his co-operation. The Governor at once fell in with his views, which were strengthened by the reports brought back by Marquette and Joliet, and advised La Salle to apply to the King of France in person, and gave him letters of introduction to the great Colbert, then Minister of Finance and Marine. Accordingly, in 1675; he returned to France, where he was warmly received by the King and nobility, and his ideas were at once listened to, and every possible favor shown to him. He was made a Chevalier, and invested with the seigniory of Fort Catarocouy, or Frontenac (now known as Kingston) upon condition that he would rebuild it, as he proposed, of stone. Returning to Canada, he wrought diligently upon the fort until 1677, when he again visited France to report progress. He was received, as before, with favor, and, at the instance of Colbert and his son, the King granted him new letters patent and new privileges. On the 14th of July, 1678, he sailed from Rochelle, accompanied by thirty men, and with Tonti, an Italian, for his lieutenant. They arrived at Quebec on the 13th of September, and after a few days’ delay, proceeded to Frontenac. Father Lewis Hennepin, a Franciscan friar, of the Recollet sect, was quietly working ip Canada on La Salle’s arrival. He was a man of great ambition, and much interested in the discoveries of the day. He was appointed by his religious superiors to accompany the expedition fitting out for La Salle. ‘Sending agents forward to prepare the Indians for his coming, and to open trade with them, La Salle himself em- barked, on the 18th of November, in a little brigantine of ten tons, to cross Lake Ontario. This was the first ship of European build that ever sailed upon this fresh-water sea. Contrary winds made the voyage long and troublesome, and a month was consumed in beating up the lake to the Niagara River. Near the mouth of this river the Iroquois had a village, and here La Salle constructed the first fortification, which afterwards grew into the famous Fort Niagara. On the 26th of January, 1679, the keel of the first vessel built on Lake Erie was laid at the mouth of the Cayuga Creek, on the American side, about six miles above the falls. In the meantime La Salle had returned to Fort Frontenac 12 to forward supplies for his forthcoming vessel. The little barque on Lake Ontario was wrecked by carelessness, and a large amount of the supplies she carried was lost. On the 7th of August, the new vessel was launched, and made ready to sail. She was about seven tons’ burden. La Salle christened his vessel the “ Griffin,” in honor of the arms of Count Frontenac. Passing across Lake Erie, | and into the small lake, which they named St. Clair, they entered the broad waters of Lake Huron. Here they en- countered heavy storms, as dreadful as those upon the ocean and after a most tempestuous passage they took refuge in the roadstead of Michillimackinae (Mackinaw), on the 27th of August La Salle remained at this point until the middle of September, busy in founding a fort and constructing a trading-house, when he went forward upon the deep waters of Lake Michigan, and soon after cast anchor in Green Bay. Finding here a large quantity of furs and peltries, he deter- mined to load his vessel and send her back to Niagara. .On the 18th of September, she was sent under charge of a pilot while La Salle himself, with fourteen men,* proceeded up Lake Michigan, leisurely examining its shores and noting everything of interest. Tonti, who had been sent to look after stragglers, was to join him at the head of the lake. From the 19:h of September to the 1st of November, the time was occupied in the voyage up this inland sea. On the last-named day, La Salle arrived at the mouth of the river Miamis, now St. Joseph. Here he constructed a fort, and remained nearly a month waiting for tidings of his vessel; but, hearing nothing, he determined to push on before the winter should preventhim, On the 3d of December, leaving ten men to garrison the fort, he started overland towards the head-waters of the Illinois, accompanied by three monks and twenty men. Ascending the St. Joseph River, he crossed a short portage and reached the The-a-ki-ki, since corrupted into Kankakee. Embarking on this sluggish stream, they came shortly to the Illinois, and soon after found a village of the Illinois Indians, probably in the vicinity of the rocky bluffs, a few miles above the present city of La Salle, Illinois. They found it deserted, but the Indians had quite a quantity of maize stored here, and La Salle, being short of provisions, helped himself to what he required. Passing down the stream, the party, on the 4th of January, came to a Jake, probably the Lake Peoria, as there is no other upon this stream. Here they found a great number of natives, who were gentle and kind, and La Salle determined to construct afort. It stood on a rise of ground near the river, and was named Creve- Cour + (broken-heart), most probably on account of the low spirits of the com- mander, from anxiety for his vessel and the uncertainty of the future. Possibly he had heard of the loss of the “ Griffin,” which occurred on her downward trip from Green Bay ; most probably on Lake Huron. He remained at the Lake Peoria through the winter, but no good tidings came, and no supplies. His men were discontented, but the brave adventurer never gave up hope. He resolved to send a party on a voyage of exploration up the Mississippi, under * Annals of the West. t The site of the work is at present unknown. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 13 the lead of Father Hennepin, and he himself would proceed on foot to Niagara and Frontenac, to raise more means and enlist new men; while Tonti, his lieutenant, should stay at the fort, which they were to strengthen in the meantime, and extend their intercourse with the Indians. Hennepin started on his voyage on the last day of Febru- ary, 1680, and La Salle soon after, with a few attendants, started on his perilous journey of twelve hundred miles by the way of the Illinois River, the Miami, and Lakes Erie snd Ontario, to Frontenac, which he finally reached in safety. He found his worst fears realized. The“ Griffin” was lost, his agents had taken advantage of his absence, and his creditors had seized his goods. But he knew no such word as fail, and by the middle of summer he was again on his way with men and supplies for his band in Illinois, A sad disappointment awaited him. He found his fort deserted and no tidings of Tonti and his men. During La Salle’s absence the Indians had become jealous of the French, and they had been attacked and harassed even by the Iroquois, who came the long distance between the shores of Lake Ontario and the Illinois River to make war upon the more peaceable tribes dwelling on the prairies. Uncertain of any assistance from La Salle, and apprehensive of a general war with the savages, Tonti, in September, 1680, abandoned his position and returned to the shores of the lakes. La Salle reached the post on the Illinois in December, 1680, or January, 1681. Again bitterly disappointed, La Salle did not succumb, but resolved to return to Canada and start anew. This he did, and in June met his lieutenant, Tonti, at Mackinaw. Hennepin in the meanwhile had met with strange adven- tures. After leaving Creve-Cour, he reached the Missis- sippi in seven days; but his way was so obstructed by ice that he was until the 11th of April reaching the Wisconsin line. Here he was taken prisoner by some northern Indians, who, however, treated him kindly and took him and his companions to the falls of St. Anthony, which they reached on the first of May. These falls Hennepin named in honor of his patron saint. Hennepin and his companions remained here for three months, treated very kindly by their captors. At the end of this time they met with a band of French, led by one Sieur de Luth,* who, in pursuit of game and trade, had penetrated to this country by way of Lake Su- perior. With his band Hennepin and his companions re- turned to the borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after La Salle had gone back to the wilderness. Hen- nepin returned to France, where, in 1684, he published a narrative of his wonderful adventures. Robert De LaSalle, whose name is more closely connected with the explorations of the Mississippi than that of any other, was the next to descend the river in the year 1682. Formal possession was taken of the great river and all the countries bordering upon it or its tributaries in the name of the King. La Salle and his party now retraced their steps towards the north. They met with no serious trouble until they reached the Chickasaw Bluffs, where they had erected a fort * From this man undoubtedly comes the name of Duluth. on their downward voyage, and named it Prudhomme. Here La Salle was taken violently sick. Unable to proceed, he sent forward Tonti to communicate with Count Fronte- nac. La Sallé himself reached the mouth of the St. Joseph the latter part of September. From that point he sent Father Zenobe with his dispatches to represent him at court, while he turned his attention to the fur trade and to the project of completing a fort, which he named St. Louis, upon the Illinois River. The precise location of this work is not known. It was said to be upon a rocky bluff two hundred and fifty feet high, and only accessible upon one side. There are no bluffs of such a height on the Illinois River answering the description. It may have been on the rocky blutf above La Salle, where the rocks are perhaps one hundred feet in height. Upon the completion of this work La Salle again sailed for France, which he reached on the 18th of December, 1683. A new man, La Barre, had now succeeded Fronte- nac as Governor of Canada. This man was unfriendly towards La Salle, and this, with other untoward circum- stances, no doubt led him to attempt the colonization of the Mississippi country by way of the mouth of the river. Not- withstanding many obstacles were in his path, he succeeded in obtaining the grant of a fleet from the King, and on the 24th of July, 1684, a fleet of twenty-four vessels sailed from Rochelle to America, four of which were destined for Lou- isiana, and carried a body of two hundred and eighty people, including the crews. There were soldiers, artificers, and volunteers, and also “some young women.” Discord soon broke out between M. de Beaujeu and La Salle, and grew from bad to worse. On the 20th of December they reached the island of St. Domingo. Joutel* was sent out with this party, which left on the 5th of February, and traveled eastward three days, when they came to a great stream which they could not cross. Ilere they made signals by building great fires, and on the 13th two of the vessels came in sight. The stream was sounded and the vessels were anchored under shelter. But again misfortume overtook La Salle, and the vessel was wrecked, and the bulk of supplies was lost. At this junc- ture M. de Beaujeu, his second in command, set sail and returned to France. Jua Salle now constructed a rude shelter from the timbers of his wrecked vessel, placed his people inside of it, and set out to explore the surrounding country in hope of finding the Mississippi. He was, of course, disappointed: but found on a stream, which is named the Vaches, a good site for a fort. He at once re- moved, his camp, and, after incredible exertions, constructed a fortification sufficient to protect them from the Indians. This fort was situated on Matagorda Bay, within the present limits of Texas, and was called by La Salle Fort St. Louis, Leaving Joutel to complete the work with one hundred men, la Salle took the remainder of the company and em- barked on the river, with the intention of proceeding as far up as he could. The savages soon became troublesome, and *Joutel, historian of the voyage, accompanied La Salle, and subse- quently wrote his “ Journal Ilistorique,” which was published in Paris, 1713. 13 14 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. on the 14th of July La Salle ordered Joutel to join him with his whole furce. They had already lost several of their best men, and dangers threatened them on every side. It would seem from the historian’s account of ‘the expedition that La Salle began to erect another fort, and also that he became morose and severe in his discipline, so much so as to get the ill will of many of his people. He finally resolved to advance into the country, but whether with the view of returning to Canada by way of Illinois, or only for the pur- pose of making further discoveries, Joutel leaves in doubt. Giving his last instructions, he left the fort on the 12th day of January, 1687, with a company of about a dozen men, including his brother, two nephews, Father Anastasius, a Franciscan friar, Joutel, and others, and moved north-east- ward, as is supposed, until the 17th of March, when some of his men, who had been cherishing revengeful feelings for some time, waylaid the Chevalier and shot him dead. They also slew one of his nephews and two of his servants. This deed occurred on the 20th of March, on a stream called Cenis. In 1687, France was involved in a long and bloody war. The League of Augsburg was formed by the Princes of the Empire against Louis XIV., and England, Spain, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, and Savoy took up arms, and Louis found himself battling with nearly the whole of Europe, and only Turkey for an ally. This war ended with the peace of Ryswick in 1697. No material change took place in America, but the colo- nists were harassed and many of their people killed or car- ried c?ptives to the Canadas. In 1688, the French posses- sions in North America included nearly the whole of the continent north of the St. Lawrence, and the entire valley of the Mississippi; and they had begun to establish a line of fortifications extending from Quebec to the mouth of the Mississippi, between which points they had three great lines of communication, to wit: by way of Mackinaw, Green Bay, and the Wisconsin River; by way of Lake Michigan, the Kankakee and Illinois Rivers; and by way of Lake Erie, the Maumee and Wabash Rivers, and were preparing to explore the Ohio as a fourth route. In 1699, D’Iberville, under the authority of the crown, discovered, on the second cf March, by way of the sea, the mouth of the “ Hidden River.” This majestic stream was called hy the natives “ Malbouchia,” and by the Spaniards, ‘ La Palissade,” from the great number of trees about ils mouth. After traversing the several outlcts, and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western outlet, and returned to France. An avenue of trade was now opened out, which was fully improved. At this time a census of New France showed a total population of eleven thousand two hundred and forty-nine Europeans. War again broke out in 1701, and extended over a period of twelve years, ending with the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713. This also extended to the American Colo- nies, and its close left everything as before, with the excep- tion that Nova Scotia was captured in 1710. In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colonists. In 1762, the colony was made uver to ; 4 er ae Spain, to be regained by France, under the consulate of Napoleon. : In 1803, it was purchased by the United States, for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory of Louisiana and the commerce of the Mississippi river, came under the charge of the United States. Although La Salle’s labors ended in defeat and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country. Had established several ports, and laid the foundation of more than one settlement there. “Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia are to this day monuments of La Salle’s labors; for, th.ugh he had founded neither of them (unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecceur), it was by those he led into the west that these places were peopled and civil- ized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored.’’* The French early improved the opening made for them, and before 1693, the Keverend Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, and became the founder of Kas- kaskia. For some time it was merely a missionary station, and the inhabitants of the village consisted entirely of natives; it being one of three such villages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. This we learn from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, dated “Aux Cascaskias, Autrement dit de )’Immaculee concepcion de Ja Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712.” In this letter, the writer tells us that Gravier must be regarded as the founder of the Illinois mi sions. Soon after the founding of Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia,f while Peoria arose near the remains of Fort Creveeceur { An unsuccessful attempt was also made to found a colony on the Ohio. It failed in consequence of sickness.§ In the north, De La Motte Cadillac, in June, 1701, laid the foundation of Fort Pontchartrain, on the strait, (le De- troit),|| while in the southwest effurts were making to realize the dreams of La Salle. The leader in the last named en- terprise was Lemoine D'Iberville, a Canadian officer, who from 1694 to 1697 distinguished himself not a little by battles and conquests among the icebergs of the “ Baye D’Udson or Hudson Bay.” ; The post at Vincennes, on the Oubache river, (pronounced Wa-bi, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly), was estab- lished in 1702. It is quite probable that on La Salle’s last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. Until the year 1750, but little is known of the settlements in the northwest, as it was not unti! this time that the atten- * The authoritics in relation to La Salle are Hennepin: a narrative pub- lished in the name of Tonti, in 1697, but disclaimed by him (Charlevoix III, 365. Lettres Edifiantes, . t Bancroft, iii. 196. ¢ There was an Old Peoria on the northwest shore of the lake of that name, amile and a half above the outlet. From 1778 to 1796 the inhabi- tants left this for New Peoria, (Fort Clark) at the outlet. American State Papers, xviii. 476. ? Western Annals. | Charlevoix, ii. 284. Le Detroit was the whole strait from Erie to Huron. The first grants of land at Detroit, i. ¢., Fort Pontchartrain, were made in 1707, HISTORY OF ED WARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 15 tion of the English was called to the occupation of this por- tion of the new world, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary among the Illinois, writing “ Aux Illinois,” six leagues from Fort Chartres, June 8th, 1750, says: “ We have here whites, negroes, and Indians, to say nothing of the cross-breeds. There are five French villages, and three villages of the natives within a space of twenty-one leagues, situated between the Mississippi and another river, called the Karkadiad, (Kaskaskia). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred whites, three hundred blacks, and some sixty red slaves or savages. The three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all told.* Most of the French till the soil. They raise wheat, cattle, pigs and horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can be con- sumed, and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New Orleans.” Again, in an epistle dated November 17th, 1750, Vivier says: “For fifteen leagues above the mouth of the Missis- sippi, one sees no dwellings * * * * New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I think, than twelve hun- dred persons. To this point come all kinds of lumber, bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins, and bear’s grease; and above all pork and flour from-the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans plantations are again met with; the most considerable is a colony of Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At point Coupee, thirty-five leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison.” Father Marest, writing from the post at Vincennes, makes the same observation. Vivier also says, “Some individuals dig lead near the surface, and supply the Indians and Can- ada. Two Spaniards, now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper we would find silver under the lead; at any rate the lead is excellent. There are also in this coun- try, beyond doubt, copper mines, as from time to time, large pieces have been found in the streams.” } At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied in ad- dition to the lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at the Maumee, in the country of the Muiamis, and one at Sandusky, in what may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the north-west, they had stations at St. Joseph’s on the St. Joseph’s of Lake Michigan, at Fort Pontchartrain (Detroit), at Michilli- mackinac or Massillimacinac, Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of La Salle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settle- ment. Another nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, and learning of its wealth began to lay plans for occupying it and for securing the great profits arising therefrom. # Lettres Ediffantes (Paris, 1781), vii. 97-106. + Western Annals. The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. The largest branch of the Mississippi river from the east, known to the early French settlers as la belle riviere, called “beautiful” river, was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La Salle, in 1669. While La Salle was at his trading-post on the St. Lawrence, he found leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. While con- versing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea. In this statement the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. La Salle, believing as most of the French at that period did, that the great rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to em- bark in the enterprise gf discovering a route across the continent. He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Governor and the Intendent, Talon. They issued letters patent, authorizing the enterprise, but made no provisions to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary St. Sulpice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, and La Salle offering to sell his improvements at La Chive to raise the money, the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred dollars were raised, with which La Salle purchased four canoes and the necessary supplies for the outfit. On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering tweénty- four persons, embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence. Two additional canoes carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present city of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. After waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian from the Iroquois colony, at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them they could find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. _On their way they passed the mouth of Niagara river, when they heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving among the Iroquois they met with a friendly reception, and learned from a Shawnee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks... De- lighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume their journey, and as they were about to start they heard of the arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the west. He had been sent by the Canadian government to explore the copper mines on Lake Superior, but had failed and was on his way back to Quebec. On arriving at Jake Superior, they found, as La Salle had predicted, the Jesuit fathers, Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. After parting with the priests, La Salle went to the chief Iroquois village at Onondago, where he obtained guides and passing thence to a tributary of the_ Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far as 16 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. the falls of Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by La Salle, the persevering and successful French explorer of the west in 1669. When Washington wassent out by the colony of Virginia in 1758, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty com- mandant at Quebec replied: “We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries of La Salle, and will not give it upto the English. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio valley.” ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. We have sketched the progress of French discovery in the valley of the Mississippi. The first travelers reached that river in 1673, and when the year 1750 broke in upon the father of waters and the great north-west, all was still except those little spots upon the prairies of Illinois and among the marshes of Louisiana. Volney, by conjecture, fixes the settlement of Vincennes about 1735.* Bishop Brute, of Indiana, speaks of a mis- slonary station there in 1700, and adds: ‘The friendly tribes and traders called to Canada for protection, and then M. De Vincennes came with a detachment, I think, of Carignan, and was killed in 1735."+ Bancroft says a mili- tary establishment was formed there in 1716, and in 1742 a settlement of herdsmen took place.{ In a petition of the old inhabitants at Vincennes, dated in November, 1793, we find the settlement spuken of as having been made before 1742§ Andsuch is the general voice of tradition. On the other hand, Charlevoix, who records the death of Vincennes, which took place among the Chickasaws, in 1736, makes no mention of any post on the Wabash, or any missionary station there. Neither does he mark any upon his map, although he gives even the British forts upon the Tennessee and elsewhere. Such is the character of the proof relative to the settlement of Vincennes. Hennepin, in 1663-4, had heard of the ‘‘ Hohio.” The route from the lakes to the Mississippi, by the Wabash, was explored 1676,|| and in Hennepin’s volume of 1698, is a journal, said to be that sent by La Salle to Count Frontenac in 1682 or ’83, which mentions the route by the Maumee J and Wabash as the most direct to the great western river. In 1749, when the English first began to think seriously of sending men into the west, the greater portions of the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, of the nature of the vast wealth of these wilds. In the year 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had matured a plan and commenced movements, the object of which was to secure the country beyond the Alleghenies to the English crown. In Pennsylvania, also, Governor Keith and James Logan, Secretary of the Province from 1719 to *® Volney’s View, p. 336. } Butler’s Kentucky. t History U. S. ili. 346. 2 American State Papers, xvi. 32. || Histoire General Des Voyages xiv., 758. {Now called Miami, 16 1731, represented to the powers of England the necessity of taking steps to secure the western lands. Nothing, however,‘ was done by the mother country, except to take certain diplomatic steps to secure the claim of Britain to this unex- plored wilderness. England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, on the ground that the dis- covery and possession of the sea coast was a discovery and possession of the country ; and as is well known, her grants to Virginia, Connecticut, and other colonies, were through from “ sea to sea.” This was not all her claims; she had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This was also a strong argument. In the year 1684, Lord Howard, Governor of Virginia, held a treaty with the five nations at Albany. These were the great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Oncidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the six nations. They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 1701 they repeated the agreement. Another formal deed was drawn up and signed by the chiefs of the National Confederacy in 1726, by which their lands were conveyed in trust to Eng- land, “‘to be protected and defended by his majesty, to and for the use of the grantors and their heirs.” The validity of this claim has often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1774, a purchase was made at Lancaster of certain lands within the “colony of Virginia,’’ for which the Indians received £200 in gold and a like sum in goods, with a promise that as settlements increased, more should be paid. The commissioners from Virginia at the treaty were Col. Thomas Lee and Col. William Beverly. As settlements extended, and the Indians segan to com- plain, the promise of further pay was called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the Alleghenies to Logs- town. In 1784,* Col. Lee and some Virginians accom- panied him, with the intention of ascertaining the feelings of the Indians with regard to further settlements in the west, which Col. Lee and others were contemplating. The object of these proposed settlements was not the cultivation of the soil, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. Accordingly after Weiser’s conference with the Indians at Logstown, which was favorable to their vjews, Thomas Lee, with twelve other Virginians, among whom were Lawrence and Augustine, brothers of George Washington, and also Mr. Hanbury, of London, formed an association which they called the “Ohio Company,” and in 1748 petitioned the king for a grant beyond the mountains, This petition was approved by the English government, and the government of Virginia was ordered to grant to the petitioners half a million of acres within the bounds of that colony beyond the Alleghenies, two hundred thousand of which were to be located at once. This portion was to be held for ten years free of quit-rent, provided the company would put there one hundred families within seven years, and build a fort suffi- cient to protect the settlement. The company accepted tho proposition, and sent to London for a cargo suited to the Indian trade, which should arrive in November, 1749. * Plain Facts, pp. 40, 120. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 17 Other companies were also formed about this time in Vir- ginia to colonize the west, On the 12th of June, 1749, a grant of 800,000 acres from the line of Canada, on the north and west, was made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, another of 100,000 acres to the Greenbriar Company. * The French were not blind all this time. They saw that if the British once obtained a stronghold upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent their settlements upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts, and so gain posses- sion of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1744, Vandreuil, the French governor, well knowing the conse- quences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading posts in the north-west, seized some of their frontier posts, to further secure the claims of the French to the west. Having these fears, and seeing the danger of the late movements of the British, Gallisoniere, then Governor of Canada, determined to place along the Ohio evidences of the French claim to, and possession of, the country. For that purpose he sent, in the summer of 1749, Louis Celeron, with a party of soldiers, to place plates of lead, on which were written out the claims of the French, in the mounds and at the mouths of the rivers. These were heard of by Willliam Trent, an Indian commissioner, sent out by Vir- ginia in 1752, to treat with and conciliate the Indians, while upon the Ohio, and mentioned in his journal. One of these plates was found with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16th, 1749, and a copy of the inscrip- tion, with particular account, was sent by De Witt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, among whose journals it may now be found. These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorations. In February, 1751, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, on the Miami, about 150 miles above its mouth. From there he went down the Ohio River nearly to the falls, at the present city of Louisville, and in Novem- ber he commenced a survey of the company’s lands. In 1751, General Andrew J.ewis commenced some surveys in the Greenbrier country, on behalf of the company already mentioned. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing their forts for defence, and in opening roads. In 1752 having heard of the trading houses on the Miami River, they, assisted by the Ottawas and Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. The traders were carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This fort, or trading house was called by the English writers Pickawillany. A memorial of the king’s ministers refers to it as “ Pickawellanes, in the centre of the territory between Ohio and the Wabash.” This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and occurred near the present city of Piqua, Ohio. The English were determined on their part to purchase a title from the Indians of lands which they wished to occupy, and in the spring of 1752, Messrs. Fry,} Lomax and Pat on * Revised Statutes of Virginia. + Afterwards Commander-in-chief ovcr Washington, at the commence- meut of the French War of 1775. were sent from Virginia to hold a conference with the natives at Logstown, to learn what they objected to in the treaty at Lancaster, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June the commissioners met the red men at Logs- town. This was a village seventeen miles below Pittsburgh, upon the north side of the Ohio. Here had been a trading post for many years, but it was abandoned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize the treaty of Lancaster, but the commissioners taking aside Montour, the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catherine Montour, and a chief among the six nations, being three-fourths of Indian blood, through his influence an agreement was effected, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its fullest extent. Meanwhile the powers beyond the seas were trying to out-manceuver each cther, and were professing to beat peace. The English generally outwitted the Indians, and secured themselves, as they thought, by their polite conduct. But the French, in this as in all cases, proved that they knew best how to manage the natives. While these measures were taken, another treaty with the wild men of the debatable land was also in contemplation. And in Sep- tember, 1753, William Fairfax met their deputies at Win- chester, Virginia, where he concluded a treaty. In the month following, however, a more satisfactory interview took place at Carlisle, between the representatives of the Iroquois, Delawares, Shawnees, Twigtwees, and Wyandots, and the commissioners of Pennsylvania, Richard Peters, Isaac Norris, and Benjamin Franklin. Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio, either as to the force, position, or purposes of the French, Robert Dinwiddie, then Governor of Virginia, determined to send to them another messenger, and learn if possible their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young surveyor, who, at the age of nineteen had _ attained the rank of major, and whose previous life had inured him to hardships and woodland ways; while his courage, cool judgment, and firm will, all fitted him for such a mission. This personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then held considerable interest in western lands. He was twenty-one years old at the time of the appointment.* Taking Gist as a guide, the two, accom- panied by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will’s Creek, where Cumberland now is, on the 15th of November, and on the 22d reached the Monongahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of the six nations. Here he learned the position of the French, and also that they had determined not to come down the river until the following spring. The Indians were non-committal, they deeming a neutral position the safest. Washington, finding nothing could be done, went on to Ve- nango, an old Indian town at the mouth of the French Creek. Here the French had a fort called Fort Machault. On the 11th of December he reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here he delivered Governor Dinwiddie’s letter, received his answer, and upon the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one but Gist, his guide, and a few *Sparks’ Washington, Vol. ii., pp. 428-447. 18 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLIN OI8. Indians, who still remained true to him. They reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754, From the letter of St. Pierre, Commander of the French fort, sent by Washing- ton to Governor Dinwiddie, it was perfectly clear that the French would not yield the West without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French finished their fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications to be in readiness. The Old Dominion was alive. Virginia was the center of great activities. Volunteers were called for, and from neighboring colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac men were enlisting under Governor’s proclamation,*-which promised two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along th’s river they were gathering as far as Will’s Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent had come for assistance, for his little band of forty-one men, who were working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. The first birds of spring filled the forest with their songs, The swift river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of spring and April showers. The leaves were appear- ing, a few Indian Scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand, and all was so quiet that Frazier, an old In- dian trader, who had been left by Trent in command of the new fort, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten miles up the Monongahela. But though all was so quiet in that wilderness, keen eyes had seen the low entrenchment that was rising at the fork, and swift feet had borne the news of it up the valley, and on the morning of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink ;—sixty batteaux and three hundred canoes, filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and stores. The fort was called on to surren- der: by the advice of the Half-King, Ward tried to evade the act, but it would not do. Contrecceur, with a thousand men about him, said * Evacuate,’ and the ensign dared not refuse. That evening he supped with his captor, and the “next day was bowed off by the Frenchman, and, with his men and tools, marched up the Monongahela.” The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and English possessions unsettled, and the events already narra- ted show that the French were determined to hold the coun- try watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries: while the English laid claim to the country by virtue of the discoveries by the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New Found- land to Florida, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The first decisive blow had heen struck, and the first attempt of the English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands had resulted disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed the fortifications begun at the fork, which they had so easily captured, and when com- pleted gave to the fort the name of Du Quesne. Washing- ton was at Will’s Creek, when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched himself at a place called the “ Meadows,” where he erected a fort called by him Fort Necessity. From 18 there he surprised and captured a force of French and Indi- ans marching against him, but was soon after attacked by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the morn- ing of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. The English Government immediately planned for cam- paigns, one against Fort Du Quesne, one against Nova Sco- tia, one against Fort Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. The expedition against Fort Du Quesne was led by the famous Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered an inglorious de- feat. This occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is gen- erally known as the battle of Monongahela or “ Braddock’s defeat.” The war continued through various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7, when, at the commencenfent of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then secretary of state, afterwards Lord Chatham, active prepa- rations were made to carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year: one under General Amherst, against Louisburg; another under Abercrombie, against Fort Ticonderoga; and a third under General Forbes, against Fort Du Quesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surren- dered after a desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie captured Fort Fronte- nac, and when the expedition against Fort Du Quesne, of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illus- trious statesman, changed the name to Fort Pitt. The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduc- tion of Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec; Amherst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point; and General Prideaux was to captute Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant Prideaux lost his life. Amherst captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point, without a blow; and Wolfe, after making the memorable ascent to the plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated Montcalm, and on the 18th the city capitulated. In this engagement, Montcalm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Mont- calm’s successor, marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian war. It resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the city of Mon- treal. The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and under its provisions all the country cast of the Mississippi and north of the Ibervill river in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same time, Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. On the 13th September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers wag sent from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only re- maining French post in the territory. He arrived there on HIS TORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 19 the 9th of November, and summoned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, Beletre, refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the French army, surrendered. The North-west Territory was now entircly under the English rule. In 1762, France, by asecret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to prevent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- tainbleau, gave to the English the dominion in question. Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the great lakes, comprising a large territory, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States. In 1803 Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to France, and by France sold to the United States. By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including all these and other towns of the north-west, were given over to England ; but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty in Iagland, established himself at Fort Chartres, bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, dated December 30th, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Catho- lies who worshiped here and the right to leave the country with their effects if they wished, or to remain with the priy- ileges of Englishmen. During the years 1775 ind 1776, by the operations of land companies and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly established be- tween the Alleghenies and the Ohio river, and western land speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. Ata council held in Kaskaskia, on July 5th, 1773, an association of English traders, calling themselves the “Tllinois Land Company,” obtained from the chiefs of the Kaskaskia, Ca- hokia, and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on the east side of the Mississippi river south of the Illinois. In 1775 a merchant from the Illinois country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes as the agent of the association called the “ Wabash Land Company.” On the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs a deed for 37,497, 600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in the office of a Notary Public at Kas- kaskia. This and other Jand companies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West; but all were frus- trated by the breaking out of the Revolutionary war. On ‘the 20th of April, 1780, the two companies named consoli- dated under the name of the “ United Illinois and Wabash Land Company ;” they afterwards made strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all signally failed. When the war of the Revolution commenced, Ken- tucky was an unorganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. In Hutchins’ Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and uearly 1,000 white and black inhabitants, the whitcs being a little the more numerous. Cahokia contained fifty houses, 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were east of the Missis- sippi river, about the year 1771—when these observations wero made—‘ 300 white men capable of bearing arins, and 238 negroes.” From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following extract is made: “ Near the mouth of the river Kaskaskia, there is a village which appears to have contained nearly eighty fam- ilies from the beginning of the late Revolution; there are twelve families at a small village at La Prairie Du Rochers, and nearly fifty families at the Cahokia village. ‘There are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philip’s, which is five miles further up the river.” St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time contained, inclu- ding its neighboring towns, over six hundred white and one hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country west of the Mississippi was under French rule, and remained so until ceded back to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the country including New Or- leans to the United States. At Detroit, there were, accord- ing to Captain Carver, who was in the north-west from 1768 to 1776, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more than twenty miles, although poorly cultiva- ted, the people being engaged in the Indian trade. On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post vf importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, and recog- nizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those within the commonwealth of Ken- tucky proceeded to exercise their civil privileges of electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway burgesses, to represent them in the assembly of the present state. The chicf spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move of unequalled boldness. He had been watching the move- ments of the British throughout the north-west, and under- stood their whole plan. He saw it was through their possession of the post at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them easy access to the vari- ous Indian tribes in the north-west, that the British intended to penetrate the country from the north and south, and annihilate the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, afterwards General George Rodgers Clark. He knew that the Indians were not unanimously in aecord with the English, and he was convinced that, could the British be defeated and expelled from the north-west, the natives might be easily awed into neutrality; by spies sent for the purpose, he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements might easily succeed. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark’s plans. The same plan had before been agitated in the Colonial Assemblies; but there was no one until Clark came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the scene of action to be able to guide them. Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his plan, received on the second of January two scts of instructions: one secret, the other open. The latter authoriz- ' ed him to proceed to enlist seven companies to go to Ken- 19 20 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. tucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three months from their arrival in the west. The secret order authorized him to arm the troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand, at Pittsburg, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choos- ing rather to raise his men west of the mountains, Here he raised three companies and several private volunteers. Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as the falls, where he took possession of and fortified Corn Island, between the present sites of Louis- ville, Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may yet be found. At this place he ap- pointed Col. Bowman to meet him with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route. Here he an- nounced to the men their real destination. On the 24th of June he embarked on the river, his destination being Fort Massac or Massacre, and then marched direct to Kaskaskia. The march was accomplished and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort near the village, and soon after the village itself, by surprise, without the loss of a single man or killing any of the enemy. Clark told the natives that they were at perfect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the conflict they would, and he would protect them from any barbarity from British or Indian foes. This had the desired effect, and the inhabitants at once swore allegiance to the A meri- can arms, and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accompanied him, and through their in- fluence the inhabitants of the place surrendered. Thus two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the Eng- lish into the possession of Virginia. During the year (1779) the famous “ Land Laws” of Virginia were passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the pioneers of Kentucky and the north-west than the gaining of a few Indian conflicts. These grants confirmed in the main all grants made, and guaranteed to actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the settlers, the laws provided for sell- ing the balance of the public lands at forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims over many of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity vote.* These gentlemen opened their court on October, 138, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided three thou- sand claims. They weresucceeded by the surveyor,—George May, who assumed the duties on the 10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the next year (1781) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- sippi commenced. The Government of Spain exacted such measures in relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river.+ * Butler’s Kentucky. ft American State Papers. 20 I | The settlements in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was during this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the West in this young and enterprising commonwealth. The settlers did not look upon the building of the fort in a friendly manner as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had been friendly to the colonies during their struggle for independence, and though for a while this friendship ap- peared in danger from the refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the satisfaction of both nations, The winter of 1779-80 was one-of the most unusu- ally severe ones ever experienced in the West. The Indians always refered to it as the “Great Cold.” Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few pioneers lost their lives. The following summer a party of Canadians and Indians, attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possesion of it in consequence of the fricndly disposition of Spain to the revolt- ing colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were compelled to abandon the con- test. They also made an attack on the settlements in Ken- tucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable man- ner, they fled the country in great haste. About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress concerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachu- setts and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this sub- ject finally led New York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the delegates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until September 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the states claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. This basis formed the Union, and was the first after all of those legislative measures, which resulied in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same year, the plan of conquering Detroitagain arose. The conquest might easily have been effected by Clark, had the necessary aid been furnished him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew that the safety of the North-West from British invasion lay in the capture and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the territory. Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the counties of Lincoln, Fayette, and Jefferson, and the act establishirg the town of Louisville was passed. Virginia in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to,* and the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the colonies were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of American parentage occurred, being that of Mary * American State Papers. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 21 Heckewelder, daughter of the widely known Moravian M's- sionary, whose band of Christian Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of scveral of their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives, For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1781 and 1782 in the his- tory of the North-west. During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyandots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practiced on the captives, many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of fron- tier outlaws. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio Valleys. Contemporary with them were several engagements in Ken- tucky, in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruction. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her unconquerable colonies; Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October preceding, and the lib- erty of America was assured. On the 19th of April follow- ing, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was proclaimed to the Army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West were a3 follows: On the north the line was to extend along the centre of the Great Lakes; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake, thence to the Lake of the Woods; thence to the head of the Mississippi River ; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line east to the head of the Appalach- icola River; down its center to its junction with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these was Detroit, still in the hands of the cnemy. Numerous engagements with the Indians through- out Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whese lands adventur- ous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by the proper treaty. To remedy this evil, Congress appointed Commissioners to treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the settlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the North-west she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of December preceding, authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and the North- west Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. To General Clark and his soldiers, however, she gavea tract of one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situ- ated anywhere north of the Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the village of Clarksville, about mid- way between the cities of New Albany and Jeffersonville, Indiana. While the frontier remained thus, and General Haldi- mand at Detroit refused.to evacuate, alleging that he had no orders from his king to do so, settlers were rapidly gather- ing about theinland forts. In the spring of 1784, Pittsburg was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian council at Fort McIntosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in appearance. He says, “ Pittsburg is in- habited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the North of Ireland, or even Scotland. There isa great deal of trade carried on, the goods being brought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per hundred lbs. from Philadelphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and money. There are in the town, four attorneys, two doctors, and not a priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel.” Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabi- tants, and was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take defensive precaution against the Indians, who were yet, in some instances, incited tc deeds of violence by the British.. Before the close of this year, 1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no entries were recorded until 1787. The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished, they held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Con- gress adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made in 1781, that at Fort McIntosh in 1785, and through these vast tracts of land were gained. The Wabash Indians, how- ever, afterwards refused to comply with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786, the free navigation of the Mis- sissippi came up in Congress, and caused various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to excite speculation in regard to the Western lands. Congress had promised bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its navigation, and the trade of the Northwest, that body, had in 1783 declared its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded be- tween the two governments. Before the close of the year, 1786, however, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some grants and settlements thereon, and on the 14th of September Connecticut ceded to the general government the tract of land known as the “ Connecticut Reserve,” and before the close of the year a large tract of land was sold to a company, who at once took measures to settleit. By the provisions of this grant, the company were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a de- 21 22 duction of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies, they received 750,000 acres bounded on thesouth by the Ohio, on the east by the Seventh range of townships, on the west by the Sixteenth range, and on the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without the reservation. In addition to this Congress afterward granted 100,000 acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the resolutions of 1789 and 1790. While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the cession was made by Virginia, 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition of slavery, which prevail- ed. The plan was then discussed and altered, and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. By this proposition the Territory was to have’ been divided into ten States by parallels and meridian lines, There were, however, serious objections to this plan ; the root of the diffi- culty was in ‘the resolution of Congréss passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- ginia and Massachusetts they desired a change, and in July 1786, the subject was taken up in Congress and changed to favor a division into not more than five States, and not less than three; this was approved by the Legislature of Virginia. The subject was again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year, and until July 1787 when the famous “ compact of 1787” was passed, and the founda- tion of the government of the Northwest laid. This compact is fully discussed and explained ia the sketch on Illinois in this book, and to it the reader is referred. The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, fur a grant of land between the Miamis. This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury Board with power toact, and a contract was concluded the follow- ing year. During the autumn the directors of the New England Company were preparing to occupy their grant the following spring, and upon the 23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, under the superintendency of General Rufus Putnam, to set forward, Six boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the surveyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hartford and procecd on their Journey westward, the remainder to follow as soon as possi- ble. Congress in the meantime, upon the 3d of October, had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and to prevent unauthorized intrusions, and two days later appointed Arthur St. Clair Governor of the Ter- ritory of the Northwest. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now complete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of In- 22 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. dian affairs, settlers from the east began to come into the country rapidly. The New England Company sent their men during the winter of 1787-8, pressing on over the Alle- ghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into Braddock’s road, and which has since been made a national turnpike from Cumberland, westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled on, and by April were all gathered on the Youghiogheny, where boats had been built, and a once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. General St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the North west not having yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, writ- ten out, and published by being nailed toa tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed to administer them. Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the Northwest said: “No colony in Amcrica was ever settled under such favorable au spices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. I know many of its sct- tlers personally, and there were never men better calculated to promote the welfare of such a community.” Onthe 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held on the banks of the Muskingum, “for the purpo-e of naming the new born city and its squares.” As yet the settlement was known as the “‘ Muskingum,” but was afterwards changed to the name, Marietta, in honor of Marie Antoinette. Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Var- num, who with 8. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the judicial bench of the territory on the !6th of October 1787. On July 9, Governor St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act of 1787 pro- vided two distinct grades of government for the Northwest, under the first of which the whoie power was invested in the hands of a governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed on the governor’s arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th of July: these provid- ed for the organization of the militia, and on the next day appeared the Governor’s proclamation, erecting all that country that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the county of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the second of September the first court was held with imposing ceremonies. The emigration westward at this time was very great. The commander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Musk- ingum reported four thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between February and June 1788, many of whom would have purchased of the “ Associates,” as the New England Company was called, had they been ready to receive them. On the 26th of November 1787 Symmes issued a pamphlet stating the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In January 1788, Mat- thias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest in Symmes’ purchase, and located among other tracts the sec- tions upon which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one third of this locality, he sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the three about August HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 23 commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which was desig- nated as being Licking River, to the mouth of which they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington; these settle- ments prospered but suffered greatly from the flood of 1789. On the 4th of March 1789, the Constitution of the United States went into operation, and on April 30th, George Washington was inaugurated President, and during the next summer an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The President at first used pacific means, but these failing, he sent General Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but was defeated in two battles, near the present city of Fort Wayne, Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians; but while he was encamped on a stream, the St Mary, a branch of the Maumee, he was attacked and defeated with a loss of six hundred men. General Wayne was then sent against the savages. In August, 1794, he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, com- pelled the Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large tract of country was ceded to the United States. Before proceeding in our nar- rative, we will vause to notice Fort Washington, erected in ’ the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. Nearly all the great cities of the North-west, and indeed of the whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer struc- tures, known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Ponchartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud cities of Chicago, Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of anum- ber of strong'y-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers’ barracks were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers’ quarters were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. The whole was so placed as to forma hollow square, enclosing about an acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. Fort Washington was for some time the headquarters of both the Civil and Military governments of the North-western Territory. Following the consummation of the treaty vari- ous gigantic land speculations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. These were generally discovered in time to prevent the schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. No sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlers began to pour rapidly into the west. The great event of the year 1796, was the occupation of that part of the North-west including Michigan, which was this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British forces. The United States owing to certain conditions, did not feel justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were called upon to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne who had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and. who before the year’s close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his headquarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after him was formed, which included the north-west of Ohio, all of Michigan, and the north-east of Indiana. During this same year settlements were formed at the present city of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middletown to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators began to appear in great numbers. In Sep- tember the city of Cleveland was laid out, and during the summer and autumn, Samuel Jackson and Jonathan Sharp- less, erected the first manufactory of paper—the “ Redstone Paper Mills’’—in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, Indians and _ half- breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that part of the North-west. The election of representatives for the territory had taken place, and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville—now known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and considered the capital of the territory,—to nominate persons from whom the. members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly adjourned until the 16.h of the following Sep- tember. From those named the President selected as mem- bers of the council, Henry Vandenburg, of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findley, and Jacob Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th of September, the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24th, the two houses were duly organized, Henry Vanden- burg being elected President of the Council. The message of Gov. St. Clair, was addressed to the Legislature Septem- ber 20th, and on October 13th, that body elected as a dele- gate to Congress, General Wm. Henry Harrison, who re- ceived eleven of the votes cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of General St. Clair. The whole number of aets passed at this session and approved by the Governor, were thirty-seven—eleven others were passed but received his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this protracted session of the first Legislature in the West closed, and on the 30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Byrd, to the office of secretary of the Territory, vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. DIVISION OF ,THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. The increased emigration to the north-west, and extent of the domain, made it very difficult to conduct the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action of courts almost impossible ; to remedy this it was deemed advisable to divide the territory for civil purposes. Con- 23 24 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. gress, in 1800, appointed a committee to examine the ques- tion and report some means for its solution. This committee on the 8d of March reported: “ In the western countries there had been but one court having cog- nizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned criminals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assistance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * To remedy this evil it is expedient to the committee that a division of said territory into two distinct and separate governments should be made, and that such division be made by beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami river, running directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States and Canada.” The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its suggestions, that body passed an act extinguishing the north-west territory, which act was approved May 7th. Among its provisions were these: “That from and after July 4 next all that part of the territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio river, which lies to the westward of a line beginning at a point opposite the mouth of the Kentucky river, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence North until it shall. intersect the territorial line between the United States and Canada, shall for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a separate territory and be called the Indian Territory.” Gen. Harrison (afterwards President), was appointed governor of the Indiana Territory, and during his residence at Vincennes, he made several important treaties with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of land. The next year is memorable in the history of the west for the purchase of Louisiana from France by the United States for $15,000,- 000. Thus by a peaceful manner the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction of the north-western government. The next year Gen. Harri- son obtained additional grants of land from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of land were obtained. During this year, Congress granted a township of land for the support of a college and began to offer inducements for settlers in these wilds, and the country now comprising the state of Michigan began to fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year a law was passed organizing the south-west territory, dividing it into two portions,—the territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of government, and the district of Louisiana, which was annexed to the domain by General Harrison. On the 11th of January, 1805, the territory of Michigan was formed, and Wm. Hull appointed governor, with head- quarters at Detroit, the change to take effect June 30th, On the 11th of that month, a fire occurred at Detroit, which destroyed most every building in the place. When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it 2 ’ settlers; in war, brave and chivalrous. in ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the coun- try. Rebuilding, however, was commenced at once. While this was being done, Indiana passed to the second grade of government. In 1809; Indiana territory was divided, and the territory of Illinois was formed, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia, and through her General Assem- bly had obtained large tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian Tecumthe, or Tecumseh, vigorously protested,* and it was the main cause of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the settlers. He visited the principal tribes, and succeeded in forming an alliance with most of the tribes, and then joined the cause of the Britishin the memorable war of 1812. Tecumseh was killed at the battle of the Thames. Tecum- seh was, in many respects, a noble character,—frank and honest in his intercourse with General Harrison and the His treatment of prisoners was humane. In the summer of 1812, Perry’s vic- tory on Lake Erie occurred, and shortly after, active pre- parations were made to capture Fort Malden. On the 27th of September, the American army under command of General Harrison, set sail for the shores of Canada, and, in a few hours, stood around the ruins of Malden, from which the British army under Proctor had retreated to Sandwich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the valley of the Thames. On the 29th, General Harrison was at Sandwich, and General McArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. On the 2d of Octo- ber following, the American army began their pursuit of Proctor, whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the Thames followed. The victory was decisive, and practi- cally closed the war in the north-west. In 1806, occurred Burr’s insurrection. He took possession of an island in the Ohio, and was charged with treasonable intentions against the Federal government. His capture was effected by General Wilkinson, acting under instruction of President Jefferson. Burr was brought to trialona charge of treason, and, after a prolonged trial, during which he defended him- self with great ability, he was acquitted of the charge of treason. His subsequent career was obscure, and he died in 1836. Had his scheme succeeded, it would be interesting to know what effect it would have had on the north-we-tern territory. The battle of the Thames was fought October 6th, 1813. It effectually closed hostilities in the north-west, although peace was not restored until July 22d, 1814, when a treaty was made at Greenville, by General Harrison, be- tween the United States and the Indian tribes. On the 24th of December, the treaty of Ghent was signed by the repre- sentatives of England and the United States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various Indian tribes throughout the north-west, and quiet was again restored. PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTH-WEST. In former chapters we have traced briefly the discoveries, settlements, wars, and most important events which have occurred in the large area of country denominated the * American State Papers HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 25 north-west, and we now turn to the contemplation of its growth and prosperity. Its people are among the most intelligent and enterprising in the Union. The population is steadily increasing, the arts and sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked com: munities on the seaboard, dependent wholly on foreign com- merce or domestic manufacture. Agriculture is the leading feature in our industries. This vast domain has a sort of natural geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the cattle-raising districts of the south- west. The leading interests will be the growth of the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all competitors, and our great rival will be the fertile fields of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Texas and New Mexico. To attempt to give statistics of grain productions for 1880 would require more space than our work would permit of. Manufacturing has now attained in the chief cities a foot- hold that bids fair to render the north-west independent of the outside world. Nearly our whole region has a distribu- tion of coal measure which will in time support the manu- factures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly increasing beyond those of any other region. The principal tradeand manufacturing centres of the great north-west are Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Detroit, Cleveland and Toledo, with any number of minor cities and towns doing a large and growing business. The intelligence and enterprise of its people; the great wealth of its soil and minerals; its vast inland seas and navigable rivers; its magnificent railroad system ; its patriotism and love of country will render it ever loyal in the future as in the past. The people of the Mississippi Valley are the key- stone of the national union and national prosperity. St CHAPTER. LL BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ILLINOIS. 7X" EGINNING the history of this great State we direct attention briefly to the discovery and exploration of the Mississippi, Hernando De Soto, cutting his way through the wilder- ness from Florida, had discovered the Missis- sippi in the year 1542. Wasted with disease and privation, he only reached the stream to die upon its banks, and the remains of the ambitious and iron-willed Spaniard found a fitting resting-place beneath the waters of the great river. The chief incitement to Spanish discoveries in America was a thirst for gold and treasure. The discovery and settle- ment of the Mississippi Valley on the part of the French must, on the other hand, be ascribed to religious zeal. Jesuit missionaries, from the French settlements on the St. Lawrence, early penetrated to the region of Lake Huren. It was from the tribes of Indians living in the West, that intelligence came of a noble river flowing south. Marquette, who had visited the Chippewas in 1668, and established the mission of Sault Ste. Marie, now the oldest settlement within the present commonwealth of Michigan, formed the purpose of its exploration. The following year he moved to La Pointe, in Lake Superior, where he instructed a branch of the Hurons till 1670, when he removed south and founded the mission at St. Ignace, on the Straits of Mackinaw. In company with Joliet, a fur-trader of Quebec, who had been designated by M. Talon, Intendent of Canada, as chieftain of the explor- ing party, and five French voyageurs, Marquette, on the 10th of June, 1673, set out on the expedition. Crossing the water-shed dividing the Fox from the Wisconsin rivers, their two canoes were soon launched on the waters of the latter. Seven days after, on the 17th of June, they joy- fully entered the broad current of the Mississippi. Stopping six days on the western bank, near the mouth of the Des Moines River, to enjoy the hospitalities of the Illinois Indians, the voyage was resumed, and after passing the perpendicular rocks above Alton, on whose lofty limestone front were painted frightful representations of monsters, they suddenly came upon the mouth of the Missouri, known by its Algonquin name of Pekitanoni, whose swift and turbid current threatened to engulf their frail canoes, The site of St. Louis was an unbroken forest, and further down the fertile plain bordering the river reposed in peaceful solitude, as, early in July, the adventurers glided past it. They continued their voyage to a point some distance below the mouth of the Arkansas, and then retraced their course up the river, arriving at their Jesuit Mission at the head of Greeti Bay, late in September. Robert Cavalier de La Salle, whose illustrious name is more intimately connected with the exploration of the Mississippi than that of any other, was the next to descend the river, in the early part of the year 1682. La Salle was a manof remarkable genius, possessing the power of-originating the vastest schemes, and endowed with a will and a judgment capable of carrying them to successful results. Had ample facilities been placed by the king of France at his disposal, the result of the colonization of this continent might have been far different from what we now behold. He was born in Rouen, France, in 1648, of wealthy parentage, but he renounced his patrimony on entering a college of the Jesuits from which he separated and came to Canada a poor man in 1666. The priests of St. Sulpice, among whom he had a brother, were then the proprietors of Montreal, the nucleus of which was a seminary or convent founded by that order. The Superior granted to La Salle a large tract of land at La Chine, where he established himself in the fur trade. He was a man of daring genius, and outstripped all his competitors in exploits of travel and commerce with the Indians. In 1669 he visited the headquarters of the great Troquois, Confederacy, at Onondaga, in the heart of New 26 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. York, and obtaining guides, explored the Ohio River to the falls at Louisville. In order to understand the intrepid génius of La Salle, it must be remembered that for many years prior to his time the missionaries and traders were obliged to make their . way to the North west by the Ottaway River (of Canada), on account of the fierce hostility of the Iroquois along the lower likes and Niagara River, which entirely closed this latter route to the Upper Lakes. They carried on their commerce chiefly by canvas, paddling them through the Ottaway to Lake Nipissing, carrying them across the port- age to French River, and descending that to Lake Huron. This being the route by which they reached the North-west, accounts for the fact that all the earliest Jesuit missions were established in the neighborhood of the Upper Lakes. La Salle conceived the grand idea of opening the route by Niagara River and the Lower Lakes to Canadian commerce by sail vessels, connecting it with the navigation of the Mississippi, and thus opening a magnificent water communi- cation from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. This truly grand and comprehensive purpose seems to have animated him in all his wonderful achievements and- the matchless difficulties and hardships he surmounted. As the first step in the accomplishment of this object he established himself on Lake Ontario, and built and gar- risoned Fort Frontenac, the site of the present city of Kingston, Canada. Here he obtained a grant of land from the French crown and a body of troops by which he beat back the invading Iroquois and cleared the passage to Niagara Falls. Having by this masterly stroke made it safe to attempt a hitherto untried expedition, his next step as we have seen, was to advance to the falls with all his outfit for building a ship with which to sail the lakes. He was successful in this undertaking, though his ultimate pur- pose was defeated by a strange combination of untoward circumstances. The Jesuits evidently hated La Salle and plotted against him, because he had abandoned them and co-operated with a rival order. The fur traders were also jealous of his superior success in opening new channels of commerce. At La Chine he had taken the trade of Lake Ontario, which but for his presence there would have gone to Quebec. While they were plodding with their bark canoes through the Ottaway he was constructing vessels to command the trade of the lakes and the Mississippi. These great plans excited the jcalousy and envy of the small traders, introduced treason and revolt into the ranks of his own companions, and finally led to the foul assassination by which his great achievements were prematurely cnded. In 1682, La Salle, having completed his vessel at Peoria, descended the Mississippi to its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico. At its mouth he erected a column, and decorating it with the arms of France, placed upon it the following inscription : LOUIS LE GRAND, ROI DE FRANCE ET DE NAVARRE REGNE; LE NEUVIEME AVRIL, 1682. Thus France, by right of discovery, lay claim to the Mississippi Valley, the fairest portion of the globe, an 26 empire in extent, stretching from the Gulf to the Lakes, and from the farthest sources of the Ohio to where the head waters of the Missouri are lost in the wild solitudes of the Rocky Mountains. La Salle bestowed upon the territory the name of Louisiana, in honor of the King of France, Louis XIV. The assertion has been made that on La Salle’s return up the river, in the summer of 1682, a portion of the party were left behind, who founded the village of Kaskaskia and Cahokia, but the statement rests on no substantial foun- dation. , x THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN ILLINOIS. The gentle and pious Marquette, devoted to his purpose of carrying the gospel to the Indians, had established a mission among the Illinois, ih 1675, at their principal town on the river which still bear stheir name. This was at the present town of Utica, in La Salle County. In the presence of the whole tribe, by whom, it is recorded, he was received as a celestial visitor, he displayed the sacred pictures of the Virgin Mary, raised an altar, and said mass. On Easter Sunday, after celebrating the mystery of the Eucharist, he took possession of the land in the name of the Saviour of the world, and founded the “Mission of the Immaculate Conception.” The town was called Kaskaskia, a name afterwards transferred to another locality. The founding of this mission was the last act of Marquette’s life. He died in Michigan, on his way back to Green Bay, May 18, 1678. La Salle, while making preparations to descend the Mississippi, built a fort, on the Illinois River, below the Lake of Peoria, in February, 1680, and in commemoration of his misfortunes, bestowed upon it the name of Creveceur, “broken-hearted.” Traces of its embankments are yet dis- cernible. This was the first military occupation of Illinois. There is no evidence, however, that settlement was begun there at that early date. On La Salle’s return from this exploration of the Missis- sippi, in 1682, he fortified “ Starved Rock,” whose military advantages had previously attracted his attention. From its summit, which rises 125 feet above the waters of the river, the valley of the Illinois speeds out before the eye in landscape of rarest beauty. From three sides it is inacces- sible. ‘This stronghold received the name of the Fort of St. Louis. Twenty thousand allied Indians gathered round it on the fertile plains. The fort seems to have been aban- doncd soon after the year 1700. Marquette’s mission (1675), Crevecceur (1680), and the Port of St. Louis (1682), embrace, so far, all the attempts made towards effecting anything like a permanent settle- ment in the Illinois country. Of the second few traces remain. A line of fortifications may be faintly traced, and that is all. The seed of civilization planted by the Jesuit, Marquette, among the Illinois Indians, was destined to pro- duce more enduring fruit. It was the germ of Kaskaskia, during the succeeding years of the French occupation—the metropolis of the Mississippi Valley. The southern Kas- kaskia is merely the northern one transplanted. The Mission of the Immaculate Conception is the same. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 27 FOUNDING OF KASKASKIA. On the death of Marquette, he was succeeded by Alloiiez, and he by Father Gravier, who respectively had charge of the Mission on the Illinois River Gravier is said to have been the first to reduce the principles of the Illinois lan- guage to rules. It was also he who succeeded in trans- ferring Marquette’s Mission from the banks of the Illinois south to the spot where stands the modern town of Kas- kaskia, and where it was destined to endure. The exact date is not known, but the removal was accomplished some time prior to the year 1685, though probably not earlier than 1682. Father Gravier was subsequently recalled to Mackinaw, and his place was supplied by Bineteau and Pinet. Pinet proved an eloquent and successful minister, and his chapel was often insufficient to hold the crowds of savages who gathered to hear his words. Bineteau met with a fate similar to that which befell-many another devoted priest in his heroic labors for the conversion of the savages. He accompanied the Kaskaskias on one of their annual hunts to the upper Mississippi, that his pastoral relations might not suffer intermission. His frame was poorly fitted to stand the exposure. arched by day on the burning prairie, chilled by heavy dews at night, now panting with thirst and again aching with cold, he at length fell a victim to a violent fever, and “left his bones on the wilder- ness range of the buffaloes.” inet shortly after followed his comrade. Father Gabriel Morrest had previously arrived at Kas- kaskia. He was a Jesuit. He had carried the emblem of bis faith to the frozen regions of Hudson’s Bay, and had been taken prisoner by the English, and upon his liberation returned to America, and joined the Kaskaskia Mission. After the deaths of Bineteau and Pinet, he had sole charge until joined by Father Mermet shortly after the opening of the eighteenth century. The devotion and piety of Mermet fully equalled those of his companion. He had assisted in collecting a village of Indians and Canadians, and had thus founded the: first French port on the Ohio, or, as the lower part of the river was then called, the Wabash. At the Kaskaskia Mission his gentle virtues and fervid eloquence seem not to have been without their influence. “At early dawn his pupils came to church dressed neatly and modestly, each in a large deer- skin, or in a robe stitched togethcr from several skins. After receiving lessons they chanted canticles; mass was then said in presence of all the Christians in the place, the French and the converts—the women on one side and the men on the other. From prayer and instruction the mis- sionaries proceeded to visit the sick and administer medicine, and their skill as physicians did more than all the rest to win confidence. In the afternoon the catechism was taught in the presence of the young and the old, when every oue, without distinction of rank or age, answered the questions of the missionary. At evening all would assemble at the chapel for instruction, for prayer, and to chant the hymns of thechurch. On Sundays and festivals, even after vespers a homily was pronounced ; at the close of the day parties a would meet in houses to recite the chaplet in alternate choirs, and sing psalms until late at night. These psalms were often homilies with words set to familiar tunes. Satur- day and Sunday were days-appointed for confession and communion, and every convert confessed once in a fortnight. The success of the mission was such that marriages of French immigrants were sometimes solemnized with the daughters of the Illinois according to the rites of the. Catholic Church. The occupation of the country was a cantonment of Europeans among the native proprietors of the forests and the prairies.* A court of law was unknown for nearly a century, and up to the time of Boisbriant there was no local government. The priests possessed the entire confidence of the community, and their authority happily settled, without the tardy delays and vexations of the courts, the minor difficulties which threatened the peace of tha settlement. Of the families which formed part of the French population in the early history of Kaskaskia, there is some uncertainty. There is, however, authority for believing that the following were among the principal settlers: Bazyl La Chapelle, Michael Derouse, (called St. Pierre), Jean Baptiste St. Gemme Beauvais, Baptiste Mon- treal, Boucher de Montbrun, Charles Danie, Frangois Charlesville, Antoine Bienvenu, Louis Bruyat, Alexis Doza, Joseph Paget, Prix Pagi, Michael Antoyen, Langlois De Lisle, La Derrou te and Noval. AS PART OF LOUISIANA. The settlements of Illinois had been a separate depend- ency of Canada. In 1711, together with the settlements on the Lower Mississippi, which had been founded by D’Ther- ville and Bienville, they became united in a single province under the name of Louisiana, with the capital at Mobile. The exclusive control of the commerce of this region, whose boundless resources, it was believed, were to enrich France, was granted to Anthony Crozat, a merchant of great wealth. “We permit him,’ says the king in his letters patent, “to search, open, and dig all mines, veins, minerals, precious stones and pearls, and to transport the proceeds thereof into any part of France for fifteen years.” La Motte Cadillac, who had now become royal Governor of Louisiana, was his partner. Hopes of obtaining great quantities of gold and silver animated the proprietors, as well as agitated France. Two pieces of silver ore, left at Kaskaskia by a traveler from Mexico, were exhibited to Cadillac as the produce of a mine in Mlinois. lated by this prospect of wealth, the Governor hurried up the river to find his anticipations fade away in disappointment. ~Iron ore and the purest lead were discovered in large quantities in Missouri, but of gold, and silver, and precious stones not a trace was found. After Crozat had expended 425,000 livres, and realized only 300,000, he, in 1717, petitioned the king for the revocation of his charter. The white popula- tion had slowly increased ; and at the time of his departure it was estimated that the families comprising the Illinvis settlements, now including those on the Wabash, numbered three hundred and twenty souls. * Bancroft. 27 28 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. The commerce of Louisiana was next transferred to the Mississippi Company, instituted under the auspices of the notorious John Law. The wild excitement and visionary schemes which agitated France during Law’s connection with the Company of the West, and while at the head of the Bank of France, form the most curious chapter in the annals of commercial speculations. These delusive dreams of wealth were based mainly upon the reports of the fabu- lous riches of the Mississippi Valley. Attempts to colonize the country were conducted with careless prodigality. Three ships landed eight hundred emigrants in August, 1718, near Mobile, whence they were to make their way overland to the Mississippi. Bienville, on the banks of that river, had already selected the spot for the Capital of the new Empire, which, after the Regent of France, was named New Orleans. From among the emigrants, eighty convicts from the prisons of France were sent to clear away the coppices which thickly studded the site. Three years after in 1721, the place was yet a wilderness, overgrown with canebrakes, among which two hundred persons had en- camped. Phillip Renault was created Director-General of the mines of the new country, and an expedition was organized to work them. Renault left France, in 1719, with two hundred mechanics and laborers. Touching at San Domingo he bought five hundred negro slaves for working the mines. On reaching the Mississippi, he sailed to Illinois, the region in which gold and silver were supposed to abound. A few miles from Kaskaskia, in what is now the south-west corner of Monroe County, was the seat of his colony. The village which he founded received the name of St. Phillip’s. From this point various expeditions were sent out in search of the precious metals. Drewry’s Creek, in Jackson County, was explored; St. Mary’s, in Randolph; Silver Creek, in Monroe; and various parts of St. Clair County, and other districts of Illinois. On Silver Creek, tradition has it that considerable quantities of silver were discovered and sent to France, and from this the stream has its name. By the retrocession of the territory to the crown, Renault was left to prosecute the business of mining without means. -His operations proved a disastrous failure. FORT CHARTRES, Meanwhile war had sprung up betweev France and Spain and to protect the Illiaois settlements from incursions of Spanish cavalry across the Great Desert, it was thought advisable to establish a fort in the neighborhood of Kas- kaskia, A Spanish expedition had, indeed, been fitted out at Santa Fe, but their guides, leading it by mistake to the Missouri Indians, instead of the Osages, enemies instead of friends, the whole party was massacred, with the exception of a priest who escaped to relate the fate of his unfortunate comrades. Previous to this La Salle, on the occasion of his visit to Paris, had shown the necessity of building a chain of forts from Canada to the Gulf, in order to secure the territory to the crown of France. In 1718, Boisbriant was despatched to Illinois. He began the building of Fort Chartres, long the strongest fortress on the Western Conti- aw nent, and of wide celebrity in the subsequent history of Tinois. / ' Fort Chartres stood on the east bank of the Mississippi, seventeen miles north-west of Kaskaskia, and between three and four miles from the location of the present village of Prairie du Rocher. The Company of the West finally built their warehouses here. In 1721, on the division of Louisi- ana into seven districts, it became the headquarters of Bois- briant, the first local Governor of Illinois, Fort Chartres was the seat of the Government of Illinois, not only while the French retained possession of the country, but after it passed under English control. When the fort was built, it stood about one mile distant from theriver. In the year 1724 an inundation of the Mississippi washed away a portion of bank in front of the fort. Captain Philip Pitman visited Illinois in 1766. He was an engineer in the British army, and was sent to Illinois to make a survey of the forts, and report the condition of the country, which had recently passed under British control. He published in London, in 1770, a work entitled, ‘‘ The present State of the European Settlements on the Missis- sippi,” in which he gives an accurate description of Fort Chartres: “Fort Chartres, when it belonged to France, was the seat of the government of the Illinois. The headquarters of the English commanding officer is now here, who, in fact, is the arbitrary governor of the country. The fort is an irregular quadrangle. The sides of the exterior polygon are four hun- dred and ninety feet. It is built of stone, and plastered over, and is only designed for defence against the Indians. The walls are two feet two inches thick, and are pierced with loopholes at regular distances, and with two port holes for cannon in the facies, and two in the flanks of each bastion. The ditch has never been finished. The entrance to the fort is through a very handsome rustic gate. Within the walls is a banquette raised three feet, for the men to stand on when they fire through the loopholes. The buildings within the fort are, a commandant’s and a commissary’s house, the magazine of stores, corps de garde, and two barracks. , ;These occupy the square. Within the gorges of the bastion are a powder-magazine, a bake-house, and a prison, in the floor of which are four dungeons, and in the upper, two rooms and an out-house belonging to the commandant. The command- ant’s house is thirty-two yards long and ten broad, and con- tains a kitchen, a dining-room, a bed-chamber, one small room, five closets for servants, and a cellar. The commis- sary's house is built on the same line as this, and its propor- tion and the distribution of its apartments are the same. Opposite these are the store-house, and the guard-house, each thirty yards long and eight broad. The former consists of two large store rooms, (under which is a large vaulted cellar), a large room, a bed-chamber, and a closet for the storekeeper. The latter of a soldiers’ and officers’ guard-room, a chapel, a bed-chamber, a closet for the chaplain, and an artillery store-room. ‘The lines of barracks have never been finished. They at present consist of two rooms each for officers, and three for soldiers. They are each twenty-five feet square, and have betwixt a small passage.” HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 29 Such was Fort Chartres, believed at the time to be the most convenient and best built stronghold in North America! Just before the French surrender, forty families lived in the neighboring village, in which stood a parish church, under the care of a Franciscan friar, and dedicated to, St. Anne. At the time of the surrender to the English, all, with the exception of three or four families, abandoned their homes, and removed to the west bank of the Mississippi, preferriug the government of La Belle France to the hated English rule, ignorant that by secret treaty the territory west of the Mississippi had been ceded to-Spain, even before the transfer of the region eastward was made to the English. But the glory of the old fortress soon departed! In 1756 nearly half a mile intervened between Fort Chartres and the bank of the Mississippi. A sand bar, however, was forming opposite, to which the river was fordable. Ten years later the current had cut the bank away to within eighty yards of the fort. The sand-bar had become an island, covered with a thick growth of-cottonwocds. The channel between it and the eastern bank was forty feet in depth. In the great freshet six years after, in 1772, in which the American Bot- tom was inundated, the west walls and two of the bastions were swept away in the flood. It was abandoned by the British garrison, which took up its quarters in Fort Gage, on the bluff opposite Kaskaskia, which then became the seat of government. From this date its demolition proceeded rapidly. In 1820 the south-east angle was still remaining. Only vestiges of the old Fortress can now be traced. Much of the stone was carried away, and used for building pur- poses elsewhere. Trees of stately growth cover the founda- tions. The river has retreated to its original channel, and is now a mile distant from the ruins. A growth of timber covers the intervening land, where less than a century ago swept the mighty current of the Father of Waters. UNDER FRENCH RULFE. During the few years immediately succeeding the comple- tion of Fort Chartres, prosperity prevailed in the settlements between the Kaskaskia and the Mississippi rivers. Prairie du Rocher, founded about the year 1722, received consider- able accessions to its population. Among the earliest French _settlers to make their homes here were Etienne Langlois, Jean Baptiste Blais, Jean Baptiste Barbeaux, Antoine Louvier, and the La Compte and other families, whose de- scendants are still found in that locality. New settlements sprang up, and the older ones increased in population. At Kaskaskia, the Jesuits established a monastery, and founded a college. In 1725 the village became an incorporated town, and the king, Louis XV., granted the inhabitants a com- mons. The Bottom land, extending upward along the Mis- sissippi, unsurpassed for the richness of its soil, was in the process of being rapidly settled by the larger number of new arrivals in the colony. Fort Chartres, the seat of govern- ment and the headquarters of the commandment of Upper Louisiana, attracted a wealthy, and for Illinois, a fashionable population. After having been fourteen years under the government of the Western Company, in April, 1732, the king issued a proclamation by which Louisiana was declared free to all his subjects, and all restrictions on commerce were removed. At this time many flourishing settlements had sprung up in . Illinois, centering about Kaskaskia, and the inhabitants were said to be more exclusively devoted to agriculture than in any other of the French settlements in the West. M. D'Artaguette, in 1732, became commandant of Fort Chartres, and Governor of Upper Louisiana. Between New Orleans and Kaskaskia the country was yet a wilderness. Communication by way of the Mississippi was internupted by the Chickasaws, allies of the English and enemies of France, whose cedar barks shooting boldly out into the cur- rent of the Mississippi, cut off the connection between the two colonies. It was in an attempt to subdue these that M. D’Artaguette, the commandant, lost h‘s life. An officer arrived at Fort Chartres from M. Prerrier, Governor-General at New Orleans, in the year 1736, summoning M. D’Arta- guette, with his French soldiers, and all the Indians whom he could induce to join him, to unite in an expedition against the enemy. With an army of fifty Frenchmen, and more than one thousand Indians accompanied by Father Senat and the gallant Vincennes, commandant of the post on the Wabash, where now stands the city bearing his name, D’Artaguette stole cautiously in the Chickasaw country. His Indian allies were impatient, and the commander con- sented, against his better judgment, to an immediate attack. One fort was carried—another—and then in making the as- sault on the third, the young and intrepid D’Artaguette fell at the head of his forces, pierced with wounds. The Indian allies made this reverse the signal for their flight. The Jesuit Senat might have fled, Vincennes might have saved his life, but both preferred to share the fate of their leader. The captives afterward met death at the stake under the slow torments of fire. La Buissoniere succeeded as commandant at Fort Chartres. In 1789 a second expedition was undertaken against the Chickasaw country. La Buissoniere joined Bienville, then Governor-General of Louisiana, with a force of two hundred Frenchmen and three hundred Indians. The whole force under Bienville was twelve hundred French and five hun- dred Indians and negroes. His men suffered greatly from malarial fevers and famine, and returned the following spring without conquering the Chickasaws, with whom after- ward, however, amicable relations were established. The period from 1740 to 1750 was one of great prosperity for the colonies. Cotton was introduced and cultivated. Regular cargoes of pork, flour, bacon, tallow, hides and leather, were floated down the Mississippi, and exported thence to France. French emigrants poured rapidly into the settlements. Canadians exchanged the cold rigors of their climate for the sunny atmosphere and rich soil of the new country. Peace and plenty blessed the settlements. La Buissoniere was followed, in 1750, by Chevalier Ma- carty as Governor of Upper Louisiana, and Commandant of Fort Chartres. Peace was soon to be broken. The French and English war, which terminated in 1759 with the defeat of Montcalm on the plains of Abraham, and the capture of 2 30 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Quebee, began with a struggle for the territory on the Upper Ohio. Fort Chartres was the depot of supplies and the place of rendezvous for the united forces of Louisiana, and several expeditions were fitted out and dispatched to the scene of con- flict on the border between the French and English settle- ments. But France was vanquished in the struggle, and its result deprived her of her princely possessions east of the Mississippi. * CHARACTER OF THE EARLY FRENCH SETTLERS. The early French inhabitants were well adapted by their peculiar traits of character for intercourse with their savage neighbors of the forest, with whom they lived on terms of peace and friendship. For this reason, the French colonists almost entirely escaped the Indian hostilities by which the English settlements were repressed and weakened. The freest communication existed between the two races. They stood on a footing of equality. The Indian was cordially received in the French village, and the Frenchman found a safe resting-place in the lodg2 of the savage. In scenes of social pleasure, in expeditions to remote rivers and distant forests, in the ceremonies and exercises of the church, the red men were treated as brothers, and the accident of race and color was made as little a mark of distinction as possi- ble. Frequent intermarriages of the French with the In- dians strongly cemented this union. For nearly a hundred years the French colonists enjoyed continual peace, while the English settlements on the Atlantic coast were in a state of almost constant danger from savage depredations. It was doubtless greatly owing to the peculiar facility with which the French temperament adapted itself to surround- ings, and the natural address with which Frenchmen ingra- tiated themselves in the favor of the savages, that this happy condition of affairs existed. Butsomething must be ascribed to the differences of character between the French and Eng- lish in regard to their aggressiveness. The English colonists excited the jealousy and fear of the Indians by their rapid occupation of the country. New settlements were constantly being projected, and the white population pushed farther and farther into the wilderness. When the Indians saw their favorite haunts broken up, and their hunting grounds invaded, a natural feeling of distrust and jealousy led them to warfare against the English. With the French it was different. There was but little disposition to found new settlements; or occupy the wilderness. They were essentially a social people, and the solitary life of a pioneer in the forest was repugnant to their disposition. They lived in compact villages. Their houses were in close proximity. With abundant room for spacious streets, they yet made them so narrow that the merry villagers could converse with ease across the street, each from his own cottage. Hunting was a favorite pursuit, and the chief means of support. With this mode of life the French were content. Ambition failed to incite them to conquer the wilderness, and push their set- tlements to unknown regions, and avarice was wanting to lead them to grasp after great possessions. The development of the “territorial paradise,” a3 La Salle had called the re- gion through which he passed on his first voyage down the Mississippi, was to be accomplished by another ee A POSSESSION OF GREAT BRITADN. By the treaty of Fountainbleau, 1762, the vast possessions of France, east of the Mississippi, with the exception of the island of New Orleans, passed under British control, Fort Chartres and the other Illinois posts were surrounded by an impenetrable barrier of hostile savages, friends to the French and enemies tothe English, and the French officers were authorized t> retain command until it was found possible for the English to take possession. M. Neyon de Villiers was commandant of Fort Chartres, and upon his retiring in 1764, St. Ange d’Bellerive took upon himself the duties of that position. It was the time of Pontiac’s conspiracy, when the Indian tribes, inflamed by the savage spirit of that warrior, were precipitating themselves on the English settlements from Canada to Carolina, The French commandant of Fort Chartres was besieged for arms and ammunition to be used against the English. The French flag was still flying over the Fort, and the fact of the territory having been ceded to Great Britain was not generally known except to those in authority. The commandant was visited by embassies from the Illinois, the Delawares, Shawnees and Miamis, and finally Pontiac himself, at the head of four hundred warriors, entered the council hall. St. Ange d Bellerive, unable to furnish arms, offered instead his good will. The reply was received with dissatisfaction. The Indians pitched their lodges about the Fort, and for a time an attack was seriously apprehended. Finally Pontiac dispatched a chosen band of warriors to New Orleans to obtain from the Governor there the assistance St. Ange refused to grant. Pontiac was killed a few years after. Disappointed by the failure of his plans against the English, he retired to the solitude of the forests. In the year 1769, he suddenly made his appearance in the neighborhood of St. Louis. Arrayed in the French uniform given him by the Marquis Montcalm a short time previous to the latter's death on the Plains of Abraham, he visited St. Ange d’Bellerive, who at that time had removed from Fort Chartres to St. Louis, where he had become one of the principal inhabitants and commandant of the Spanish garrison. While at St. Louis, he crossed the Mississippi to attend a social gathering of Indians at Cahokia, Becoming iutoxicated he started to the neighboring woods, when an Indian of the Kaskaskia tribe, bribed by an Eng- lish trader with a barrel of whiskey, stole up behind him and buried a tomahawk in the brain of the renowned warrior. St. Ange procured the body, and buried it with all the honors of war near the fort under his command in St. Louis. The tramp of a great city now sweeps over his grave. Two attempts, on the part of the English, to take posses- sion of Illinois and Fort Chartres, had been made by way of the Mississippi, but hostile Indians on the banks of the river had driven back the expeditions. Meantime a hundred Highlanders of the Forty-second Regiment, those veterans “whose battle cry had echoed over the bloodiest fields of America,” had left Fort Pitt, now Pittsburg, and descending the Ohio, appeared before Fort Chartres while the forests were yet rich with the varied hues of autumn. St. Ange yielded up the citadel. It was on the tenth day of October, 1765, that the ensign of France on the ramparts of the Fort HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 31° gave place to the flag of Great Britain. Kaskaskia had now been founded more than three-fourths of a century. On the surrender of Fort Chartres, St. Ange with his gar- rison of twenty-one soldiers retired from the country, and became commandant at St. Louis, an infant settlement just founded. A large number of the French residents of Kas- kaskia and other settlements refused to live under English rule. Many of the wealthiest families left the country ; some removed across the Mississippi, to the small village of Ste. Genevieve, under the impression that. on the west bank of the Mississippi they would still find a home under the govern- ment of France, while in truth that territory had been ceded to Spain by a secret treaty in 1762. Others joined in found- ing the city of St. Louis. The French settlements in Illinois, at a period immediately preceding this date, were at the zenith of their prosperity. From that day the French in- habitants have declined in numbersand influence. In 1765, the population of the Illinois settlements was computed as follows: White men able to bear arms, seven hundred; white women, five hundred; white children, eight hundred and fifty ; negroes, nine hundred; total, two thousand nine hun- dred and fifty. One-third of the whites, and a still Jarger proportion of the blacks, removed on the British taking pos- session. A population of less than two thousand remained. Few English, or Americans, with the exception of the British troops, were in the country, Captain Stirling, who now had command of the Fort, issued a proclamation guaranteeing the inhabitants the liberty of the Catholic faith, permission to retire from the country, and enjoyment of their full rights and privileges, only requiring an oath of fidelity and obedience to His Majesty, the English King. Captain Stirling died some three months after his arrival. In the period that elapsed before the coming of his successor, St. Ange d’Bellerive returned from St. Louis, and _ discharged the duties of commandant. Major Frazier, from Fort Pitt, exercised for a time an arbitrary power, and his successor, Col. Reed, proved still worse. eighteen months, and during that time aroused the hatred of the settlements by his oppressive measures. Lieutenant Colo- nel Wilkins assumed command in 1768. Captain Pitman, to whose book on “ The Present State of the European Settlements on the Mississippi” reference has already been made, gives the following description of Kas- kaskia, as it appeared in 1766. The village of Notre Dame de Cascasquias is by far the most considerable settlement in the country of the I'linois, as well from its number of inhabitants as from its advan- tageous situation. “Mons. Paget was the first who introduced water mills in this country, and he constructed a very fine one on the river Cascasquias, which was both for grinding corn and sawing boards. It lies about one mile from the village. The mill proved fatal to him, being killed as he was working it, with two negroes, by a party of Cherokees, in the year 1764. “The principal buildings are the church and the Jesuits’ house, which has a small chapel adjoining it; these, as well as some of the othcr houses in the village, are built of stone, He held the office~ and, considering this part of the world, make a very good appearance. The Jesuits’ plantation consisted of 240 arpents (an arpent is 85-100 of an acre) of cultivated land, a very good stock of cattle, and a brewery which was sold by the French commandant, after the country was ceded to the English, for the crown, in consequence of the suppression of the order. “Mons. Beauvais was the purchaser, who is the richest of the English subjects in this country; he keeps eighty slaves; he furnishes 86,000 weight of flour to the King’s magazine, which was only part of the harvest he reaped in one year. Sixty-five families reside in this village, besides merchants, other casual people, and slaves. The fort which was burnt down in October, 1766, stood on the summit of a high rock opposite the village and on the opposite side of the river. It was an oblong quadrangle, of which the extreme polygon measured 290 by 251 feet. It was built of very thick square timber, and dove-tailed at the angles. An officer and twenty soldiers are quartered in the village. The officer governs the inhabitants under the direction of the commandant at Fort Chartres. Here are also two companies of militia.” Of Prairie du Rocher, Pitman writes that “it is a small village, consistinz of twenty-two dwelling-houses, all of which are inhabited by as many families. Here is a little chapel, formerly a chapel of ease to the church at Fort Chartres. The inhabitants are very industrious, and raise a great deal of corn and every kind of stock.» The village is two miles from Fort Chartres. It takes its name from its situation, being built under a rock that runs parallel with the Missis- sippi river at a league distance, for forty miles up. Hore is a company of militia, the captain of which regulates the police of the village.” In describing the distance from Fort Chartres, the author, doubtless, refers to Little Village, which was a mile or more nearer than Prairie du Rocher. The writer goes on to de- scribe “Saint Philippe” as a ‘‘small village about five miles from Fort Chartres on the road to Kaoquias. There are about sixteen houses and a small church standing ; all of the inhabitants, except the captain of the militia, deserted in 1765, and went to the French side (Missouri) The captain of the militia has about twenty slaves, a good stock of cattle, and a water mill for corn and planks. The village stands on a very fine meadow about one mile from the Mis- sissippi. From the same authority we learn that the soil of the country is in general rich and luxuriant. It was favorably adapted to the production of all kinds of European grains which grew side by side with hops, hemp, flax, cotton and tobacco. European fruits arrived to great perfection. Of the wild grapes a wine was made, very inebriating, and in color and taste much like the red wine of Provence. In the late wars, New Orleans aad the lower parts of Louisiana were supplied with flour, beef, wines, hams, and other pro- visions, from this country. At present, its commerce is mostly confined to the peltry and furs which are got in traf- fic from the Indians; for which are received in turn such European commodities as are necessary to carry on that com- merce ond the support of its inhabitants.” 82 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. CONQUEST BY CLARKE. On the breaking out of the War of the Revolution, it is probable that the British garrison (removed in 1772 from Fort Chartres to Fort Gage, opposite Kaskaskia,) had been withdrawn. Illinois was remote from the theatre of action, and the colonists were little disturbed by the rumors of war which came from the Atlantic coast. The French inhabitants were rather in sympathy with the Americans than the Eng- lish, but probably understood little of the nature of the struggle. Illinois belonged to the jurisdiction of Virginia. George Rogers Clarke, who visited Kentucky in 1775, seems to have been the first to comprehend the advantages which would result from the occupation of Illinois by the Ameri- cans. He visited Virginia, where he laid his plans before Patrick Henry, the Governor of the State. Clarke received his instructions, January, 1778, and the following month set out for Pittsburg His instructions were to raise seven com- panies of men, but he could only succeed in enlisting four commanded by Captains Montgomery, Bowman, Helm, and Harrod. On Corn Island, opposite Louisville, on the Ohio, Clarke announced his destination to the men. Atthe mouth of the Tennessee, a man named John Duff was encountered, with a party of hunters, who had recently visited Kaskaskia, and also brought the intelligence that one Rocheblave, a French Canadian, was in command at that point, that he kept the militia well drilled, and that sentinels were posted to watch for the “Long Knives,” as the Virginians were called, of whom the inhabitants were in terror. Securing his boats near Fort Massacre (or Massac,) Clarke undertook the journey across the country, one hundred and twenty miles, to Kaskaskia. It was accomplished with difficulty. On the afternoon of the fourth of July, 1778, the exhausted band of invaders came to the vicinity of Kaskaskia, and concealed themselves in the hills to the east of the town. After dark Clarke proceeded to the old ferry-house, three-fourths of a mile above the village, and at midnight addressed his troops on the banks of the river. He divided his force into three parties. ‘Two were to cross to the west side of the river, and enter the town from different quarters. The third, under the direction of Clarke himself, was to capture the fort on the east side. Kaskaskia at that time was a village of about two hundred and fifty houses. The British commander last in charge had instilled in the minds of the people the impres- sion that the Virginians, otherwise the “ Long Knives,” were a ferocious band of murderers, plundering houses, slaughter- ing women and children, and committing acts of great atro- city. Clarke determined to take advantage of this, and so surprise the inhabitants by fear as to induce them to submit without resistance. Clarke effected an entrance to the fort without difficulty. The other parties at a given signal en- tered Kaskaskia at the opposite extremities, and with terri- ble outcries and hideous noises, aroused the terrified inhabi- tants, who shrieked in their alarm, ‘‘The Long Knives!’ “The Long Kuives are here!” The panic stricken towns- men delivered up their arms, and the victory was accom- plished without the shedding of a drop of blood. M. Roche- blave, the British commandant, was unconscious of the pres- ence of the enemy, till an officer of the detachment entered 32 his bed-chamber, and claimed him as a prisoner. ~ In accord- ance with his original plan of conquering the inhabitants by terror, and then afterward winning their regard and grati- tude by his clemency, Clarke, the next day, withdrew his forces from the town, and sternly forbade all communication between it and his soldiers. Some of the principal militia officers, citizens of the towp, were next put inirons. The terror now reached its height. The priest, and a deputation of five or six elderly men of the village, called on Clarke, and humbly requested permission to assemble in tle church, to take leave of each other and commend their future lives to the protection of a merciful God, since they expected to be separated, perhaps never to meet again. Clarke gruffly granted the privilege. The whole population convened at the church, and after remaining together a long time, the priest and a few others again waited upon the commander of the American forces, presenting thanks for the privilege they had enjoyed, and desiring to know what fate awaited them. Clarke now determined to lift them from their despair, and win their gratitude by a show of mercy. “ What!’ said he; “do you take us for savages? Do you think Americans will strip women and children, and take bread from their mouths? My countrymen disdain to make war on helpless innocents.” He further reminded them that the King of France, their former ruler, was an ally of the Americans, and now fighting their cause. He told them to embrace the side they deemed best, and they should be respected in the enjoyment of their liberty and the rights of property. The revulsion of feeling was complete. The good news spread throughout the village. The church-bell rang a merry peal, and the delighted inhabitants gathered at the chapel, where thanks were offered to God for their happy and unexpected deliverance. The loyalty of the inhabitants was assured, and ever after they remained faithful to the American cause. The French inhabitants of Kaskaskia were readily reconciled to a change of government. In October, 1778, the Virginia Assembly erected the conquered territory into the County of Illinois. This County embraced all the region north-west of Ohio, and five large states have since been formed from it. Colonel Clarke was appointed military commander of all the western territory north and south of the Ohio, and Colonel John Todd, one of Clarke’s soldiers, who next to Clarke had been the first man to enter Fort Gage, was appointed licutenant-commander of Illinois. In the spring of 1779, Colonel Todd visited Kaskaskia, and made arrangements for the organization of a temporary government. Many of the French inhabitants of Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher, and the other settlements, readily took the oath ofallegiance to Virginia. Colonel Todd was killed at the famous battle of Blue Licks, in Kentucky August, 1782, and Timothy de Montbrun, a Frenchman, succeeded him as commandant of Illinois County. Of his administra- tion but little is known. THE “compact or 1787.” In 1632 Hlinois became a possession of the French crown, a dependency of Canada, and a part of Louisiana. In 1765 the English flag was run up on old Fort Chartres, and HISTORY OF EDWARD, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 33 Illinois was counted among the treasures of Great Britain. In 1779 it was taken from the English by Col. George Rogers Clark : this man was resolute in nature, wise in coun- cil, prudent in policy, bold in action, and heroic in danger. Few men who have figured in the early history of America are more deserving than he. Nothing short of first-class ability could have rescued “ Vincins” and all Illinois from the English, andit is not possible to over-estimate the in- fluence of this achievement upon the republic. In 1779, Illinois became a part of Virginia. It was soon known as Illinois county. In 1784 Virginia ceded all this territory to the general government to be cut into states, to be republi- can in form, with “the same right of sovereignty, freedom and independence as the other states.”’ In 1787 it was the object of the wisest and ablest legisla- tion found in any merely human records. No man can study the secret history of The Compact of 1787 and not feel that Providence was guiding with sleepless eyes these unborn states. The ordinance that on July 18, 1787, finally became the incorporating act, has a most marvelous history. Jefferson had vainly tried to secure a system of government for the north-western territory. He was an emancipationist of that day, and favored the exclusion of slavery from the territory Virginia had ceded to the general government, but the south voted him down as often asit came up. In 1787, as late as July 10, an organizing act without the anti-slavery clause was pending. This concession to the south was expected to carry it Congress was in session in New York city. O1 July 5, Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutler, of Massachusetts, came into New York to lobby on the north- western territory. Everything seemed to fall into his hands. Events were ripe: the state of the public credit, the growing of southern prejudice, the basis of his mission, his personal character, all combined to complete one of those sudden and marvelous revolutions of public sentiment that once in five or ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the breath of the Almighty. Cutler was a remarkable man; a graduate of Yale, he had studied and taken degrees in the three learned professions, law, divinity and medicine, Har- vard had given himhis A. M., and Yale had honored herself by adding his D. D. He had thus America’s best literary indorsement. He had published a scientific examination of the plants of New England. His name stood second only to that of Franklin as a scientist in America. He was a courtly gentleman of the old style, a man of commanding presence, and of inviting face. Thesouthern members were captivated by his genial manners, rare and profound abilities. He came representing a company that desired to purchase a tract of land now included in Ohio, for the purpose of plant- ing acolony. Government money was worth eighteen cents on the dollar. This Massachusetts company had collected enough to purchase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other specu- lators in New York made Dr. Cutler their agent; on the 12th he represented a demand for 5,500,000 acres. This would reduce the national debt. Jefferson and Virginia were regarded as authority concerning the land Virginia had just ceded. .Jefferson’s policy wanted to provide for the public credit, and this was a good opportunity to do some- thing. Massachusetts then owned the territory of Maine, which she was crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the north-western region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught the inspiration, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The English Minister invited him to dine with some of the Southern gentlemen. He was the centre of’ in- terest; the entire South rallied around him. Massachusetts could not vote against him, because many of the constituents of her members were interested personally in the western speculation ; thus Cutler, making friends with the south, and doubtless using all the artsof the lobby, was enabled to command the situation. ‘True to deeper conviction, he dictated one of the most compact and finished documents of wise statesmanship that ever adorned any human law book ; he borrowed from Jefferson the term ‘‘ Articles of Compact,” which preceding the federal constitution, rose into the most sacred character. He then followed very closely the constitu- tion of Massachusetts, adopted three years before,—its most marked points were : 1st. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 2d. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a seminary, and every section numbered 16 in each town- ship; that is, one thirty-sixth of all the land for public schools, 3d. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any consti- tution, or the enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts. Be it forever remembered that this compact declared that “ Religion, morality, and knowlcdge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and means of education shall always be encouraged.” Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform and would not yield. Giving his unqualified declaration that it was that or nothing —-that unless they could make the land desirable they did not want it—he took his horse and gig and started for the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was unanimously adopted, every Southern member voting for it, and only one man, Mr. Yates of New York, voting against it, but as the States voted as States, Yates lost his vote, and the compact was put beyond repeal. Then the great States of Ohio, In- diana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin—a vast empire, the heart of the great valley—were consecrated to freedom, intelligence, and honesty. In the light of these ninety-five years, it is evident to all that this act was the salvation of the republic and the destruction of slavery. Soon the south saw their great blunder, and tried to repeal the compact. In 1803 Congress referred it to a committee, of which John Randolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance was a compact, and opposed repeal. Thus it stood a rock in the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. With all this timely aid it was, after all, a most desperate and protracted struggle to keep the soil of Illinois sacred to freedom. It was the natural battle field for the irrepressible conflict. In the southern end of the State slavery preceded the compact. It existed among the old French settlers, and was hard to eradicate. The southern part of the State was settled from the slave States; and this population brought their laws, 33 84 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. customs, and institutions with them. A stream of popula- tion from the North poured into the northern part of the State These sections misunderstood and hated each other perfectly. The Southerners regarded the Yankees as a skin- ning, tricky, penurious race of peddlers, filling the country with tinware, brass clocks, and wooden nutmegs. The Northerner thought of the Southerner as a lean, lank, lazy creature, burrowing in a hut, and rioting in whisky, dirt and ignorance. These causes aided in making the struggle long and bitter. So strong wasthe sympathy with slavery that in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and in spite of the deed of cession, it was determined to allow the old French settlers to retain their slaves. Planters from the slave States might bring their slaves, if they would give them a chance to choose freedom, or years of service and bondage for their children till they should become thirty years of age. If they chose freedom they must leave the State in sixty days or be sold as fugitives. Servants were whipped for offences for which white men are fined ; each lash paid forty cents of the fine. A negro ten miles from home without a pass was whipped. These famous laws were imported from the slave States, just as they imported Jaws for the inspec- tion of flax and wool when there was neither in the State. These black laws are now wiped out. A vigorouseffort was made to protect slavery in the State Constitution of 1818 ; it barely failed. It was renewed in 1826, when a convention was asked tomake a new constitution. After a hard fight the convention was defeated; but slaves did not disappear from the census of the State until 1850. There were mobs and murders in the interest of slavery. Lovejoy was added to the list of martyrs—a sort of first fruits of that long line of immortal heroes who saw freedom as the one supreme desire of their souls, and were so enamored of her that they pre- ferred to die rather than survive her. LAND TENURES. The early French settlers held the possession of their land in common. A tract of land was fixed upon for a Common Field, in which all the inhabitants were interested. Besides the Common Field, another tract of land was laid off on the Commons. All the villagers had free access to this as a place of pasturage for their stock. From this they also drew their supply of fuel. Indiv‘dual grants were likewise made. Under the French system, the lands were granted without any equivalent con- sideration in the way of money, the individuals satisfying the authorities that the lands were wanted for actual settle- ment, or for a purpose likely to benefit the community. The first grant of land, which is preserved, is that made to Charles Danie, May 10th, 1722. The French grants at Kaskaskia extended from river to river, and at other places in the Bot- tom they commonly extended from river to bluff. Grants of land were made for almost all the American Bottom, from the upper limits of the Common Field of St. Phillip’s to the lower line of the Kaskaskia Common Field, a distance of nearly thirty miles, The British commandants, who assumed the government on the cession of the territory by France, exercised the pri- ul vilege of making grants, subject to the approval of his Ma- jesty, the King. Colonel Wilkins granted to some merchants of Philadelphiaa magnificent domain of thirty thousand acres lying between the village of Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, much of it already covercd by French grants pre- viously made. For the better carrying out their plans, the British officers, and perhaps their grantees, destroyed, to some extent, the records of the ancient French grants at Kaskaskia, by which the regular claim of titles and convey- ances was partly broken. This British grant of thirty thousand acres, which had been assigned to John Edgar, was afterward patented by Governor St. Clair to Edgar and John Murray St. Clair, the Governor’s son, to whom Edgar had previously conveyed a moiety by deed. Although much fault was fourd with the transaction, a confirmation of the grant was secured from the United States government. When Virginia ceded Illinois, it was stipulated that the French and Canadian inhabitants, and other settlers, who had professed allegiance to Virginia, should have their titles confirrned to them. Congress afterwards authorized the Governor to confirm the possessions and titles of the French to their lands. In accordance with this agreement, Governor St. Clair, in 1790, issued a proclamation directing the inhabitants to exhibit their titles and claims of the lands which they held, in order to be confirmed in their possession. Where the instruments were found to be authentic, orders of survey were issued, the expense of which was borne by the parties who claimed ownership. The French inhabitants were in such poverty at this time that they were really una- ble to pay the expenses of the surveys, and a memorial signed by P. Gibault, the priest at Kaskaskia, and eighty- seven others, was presented to Governor St. Clair, praying him to petition Congress for relief in the matter. In 1791, Congress directed that four hundred acres of land should be granted to the head of every family which had made improve- ments in Illinois prior to the year 1788. Congress had also directed that a donation be given to cach of the families then living at either of the villages of Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher, Cahokia, Fort Chartres, or St. Phillips. These were known as the “ bead-right” claims. Atan early date, speculation became active in the land claims of different kinds; bead-rights, improvement rights, militia rights, and fraudulent claims were produced in greet numbers. The French claims were partly unconfirmed, owing to the poverty of that people, and these were forced on the market with the others. The official report of the conimissioncrs at Kaskaskia, made in 1810, shows that eight hundred and ninety land claims were rejected as being ille- gal or fraudulent. Three hundred and seventy were reported as being supported by perjury, and a considerable number were forged. There are fourteen names given of persons, both English and French, who made it a regular business to furnish sworn certificates, professing an intimate knowledge, in every case, of the settlers who had made cers tain improvements upon which claims were predicated and when and whege they were located. A Frenchman, clerk of the pari-h of Prairie du Rocher, “ without property and fond of liquor,” after having given some two hundred depo- r HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 35 sitions in favor of three land claimant speculators, “was induced,” in the language of the report, “ either by compen- sation, fear, or the impossibility of obtaining absolution on any other terms, to declare on oath that the said depositions were false,and thatin giving them he had a regard for something beyond the truth.” The report of the commissioners raised many doubts in regard to the validity and propriety of a number of confir- mations by the Governors, and much dissatisfaction among the claimants; and in consequence, Congress in 1812, passed an act for the revision of these land claimsin the Kaskaskia district. The commissioners under this law were Michael Jones, John Caldwell, and Thomas Sloo. Facts damaging to persons who occupied positions of high respectability in the community, were disclosed. They reported that the English claim of thirty thousand acres confirmed by Gover- nor St. Clair to John Edgar and the Governor's son, John Murray St. Clair, was founded in neither law or equity ; that the patent was issued after the Governor’s power ceased to exist, and the claim ought not to be confirmed. Congress, however, confirmed it. For a period of several years, emigration was considerably retarded by the delay in adjusting land titles. The act of Congress passed in 1813, granting the right of pre-emption to settlers, was influential in bringing the public lands into market. Emigrants poured into the country, and improve- ments were rapidiy made. PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE STATE. In area the State has 55,410 square miles of territory. It is about 150 miles wide and 400 miles long, stretching in latitude from Maine to North Carolina. It embraces wide variety of climate. It is tempered on the north by the great inland, saltless, tideless sea, which helps the thermometer from either extreme. Being a table-land, from 690 to 1,600 feet above the level of the sea, one is prepared to find on the health maps, prepared by the general government, an almost clean and perfect record. In freedom from fever and mala- rial diseases and consumptions, the three deadly enemies of the American Saxon, Illinois, as a State, stands without a superior, ’ She furnishes one of the essential conditions of a great people—sound bodies; we suspect that this fact lies back of that old Delaware word, Illini, superior men. The great battles of history have been determinative; dynasties and destinies have been strategical battles, chiefly the question of position; Thermopyle has been the war-cry of freemen for twenty-four centuries. It only tells how much there may be in position. All this advantage belong to Ilinois. It is in the heart of the greatest valley in the world, the vast region between the mountains—a valley that could feed mankind for a thousand years. It is well on toward the centre of the continent. It is in the great temperate belt, in which have been found nearly all the aggressive civilizations of history. It has sixty-five miles of frontage on the head of Lake Michi- gan. With the Mississippi forming the western and south- ern boundary, with the Ohio running along the south-eastern line, with the Illinois river and Canal dividing the State diagonally from the lake to the Lower Mississippi, and with the Rock and Wabash rivers furnishing altogether 2,000 miles of water-front, connecting with, and running through, in all about 12,000 miles of navigable water. But this is not all, These waters are made most available by the fact that the lake and the State lie on the ridge running into the great valley from the east. Within cannon-shot of the lake the water runs away from the lake to the gulf. The lake now empties at both ends, one into the Atlantic and one into the Gulf of Mexico. The lake thus seems to hang over the land. This makes the dockage most serviceable; there are no steep banksto damage it. Both lake and river are made for use. The climate varics from Portland to Richmond. It favors every product of the continent including the tropics, with less than half a dozen exceptions. It produces every great nutriment of the world except bananas and rice. It is hardly too much to say that it is the most productive spot known to civilization. With the soil full of bread and the earth full of minerals; with ar upper surface of food and an under layer of fuel; with perfect natural drainage, and abundant springs and streams and navigable rivers; half way between the forests of the North and the fruits of the South; within a day’s ride of the great deposits of iron, coal, copper, lead and zinc: containing and controlling the great grain, cattle, pork, and lumber markets of the world, it is not strange that Illinois has the advantage of position. This advantage has been supplemented by the character of the population. In the early days when Illinois was first admit- ted to the union, her population were chiefly from Kentucky and Virginia. But, in the conflict of ideas concerning sla- very, a strong tide of immigration came in from the Kast, and soon changed this composition. In 1880, her now native population were from colder soils. New York had furnished 143,290: Ohio gave 172,623: Pennsylvania 108,352: the entire South gave us only 216,734. In all her cities, andin all her German and Scandinavian and other foreign colonies, Illinois has only about one-fifth of her people of foreign birth. 7 PROGRESS OF DEVELOPMENT. One of the greatest developments in the early history of Illinois, is the Illinois and Michigan canal, connecting the Illinois and Mississippi rivers with the lakes. It was of the utmost importance to the State. It was recommended by Governor Bond, the first governor, in his first message. Two bright young engineers surveyed it, and estimated the cost at $600,000 or $700,000. It finally cost $8,000,000. In 1825, a law was passed to incorporate the canal company, but no stock was sold. In 1826, upon the solicitation of Daniel P. Cook, congress gave 800,000 acres of land on the line of the work. In 1828, another law-commissioner was appointed, and work commenced with new survey and new estimates. In 1831-35, George Farquar made an able report on the whole matter. This was, doubtless, the ablest report ever made to a western legislature, and it be- came the model for subsequent reports and action. From this the work went on until it was finished in 1848. It cost, the State a large amount of money; but it gave to the indus- tries of the State an impetus that pushed it up into the first, rank of greatness. It was not built asa speculation. But it has paid into the Treasury of the State an average annual 36 36 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. nett sum of over 111,000. Pending the construction of the canal, the land and town lot fever broke out in the state, in 1834-35. It took on the malignant type in Chicago, lifting the town up into a city. The disease spread over the entire State and adjoining States. It was epidemic. It cut up men’s farms without regard to loeality, and cut up the purses of the purchasers without regard to consequences. There was no lack of buyers ; speculators and money swarmed into the country. This distemper seized upon the Legislature in 1836-37, and left not one to tell the tale. They enacted a system of internal improvement without a parallel in the grandeur of its conception. They ordered the construction of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the State in all directions. This was surpassed by the river and canal improvements. There were a few counties not touched by either railroad or river or canal, and those were to be comforted and compen- sated by the free distribution of $200,000 among them. To inflate this balloon beyond credence it was ordered that work should be commenced on both ends of each of these railroads and rivers, and at each river-crossing, all at the same time. The appropriations for the vast improvements were over $12,000,000, and commissioners were appointed to borrow money on the credit of the State. Remember that all this was in the early days of railroading, when railroads were luxu- ries; that the State had whole counties with scarcely a cabin, and that the population of the State was less than 400,000, and you can form some idea of the vigor with which these brave men undertook the work of making a great State. In the light of history it appears that this was only a premature throb of the power that actually sluambered in the soil of the State. It was Hercules in the cradle, At this juncture the State bank loaned its funds largely to Godfrey Gilman & Co., and other leading houses fur the purpose of drawing trade from St. Louis to Alton. Soon they failed, and took down the bank with them. In 1840, all hope seemed gone. President.. ...Pierre Menard. Secretary... John Thomas. Doorkeeper.. .-Thomas Van Swearingen. MEMBERS. Pierre Menard.. Randolph, Samuel Judy...... ... Madison. Benjamin Talbott. Gallatin Thomas Ferguso. Johnson. William Biggs........ «St. Clair. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. OFYICERS. George Fisher. Speaker .William C. Greenup. Clerk... Doorkeep Thomas Van Swearingen. MEMBERS. George Fisher Randolph. Joshua Oeglesby.... . St. Clair. Alexander Wilson.. . Gallatin. Jacob Short... St. Cl ir. Phillip Trammel. + Gallatin. William Jones... «Madison. John Grammar... ... Johnson, Second Territorial Legislature—1814. FIRST SESSION. Convened at Kaskaskia the 14th day of November, A. D. 1814. Adjourned December 24, A. D., 1814. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. OFFICERS. President... Secretary.. Doorkeeper MEMBERS. Pierre Menard.. Samed Td yiccewsvecsccsiees ...Madison. William Biggs... Thomas Ferguson... ........Johnsen, saceosttallatin, Benjamin Talbott......... HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, OFFICERS. Sneaker... -».Risdon Moore. Clerk. - William Mears. Doorkerper ee .- Thomas Stuart MEMBERS. Riadon Moore.. St. Clair. Phillip Trammel. Gallatin. William Rabb, Jumes Lemen, James Gilbreath". Madison. St. Clair. Thomas C, Brown Owen Lvans....... Second Territorial Legislature—18 5. SECOND SESSION Convened pursuant to adjournment, the 4th day of December, A. D. 1815. Adjourned January 11, A. D. 1816. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. OFTICERS. President.. Secretary.. Enroling ai ngrossing Clerk. DOOTKECPET saivencowswscsscstiatsienaseed ..Pierre Menard. John Thomas. Wm. C. Greenup. «Ezra Owen. MEMBERS. Pierre Menard.. ...Randolph. William Biggs....... St. Clair. Samuel Judy..... ..Madison. Thomas Ferguson. .... Johnson, Gallatin. * Expelled. Benjamin Talbott HISTORY OF EDWARD, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUN TIES, LLLLN OLS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. OFFICERS. = sui OPK eee i Doorkeeper.. Cee ae Enrolling and Engrossvng Clerk... Wm, C, Greenup, i 4 MEMBERS, Risdon Moore..... . St. Clair. “John G. Lofton... Madi Phillip Trammel. Gallatin. — William Rabb... "Madison. mas C, Browne allatin. J L ia 3 ir. Jarvis Hazelton Randolph ee Preeat Third Territorial Legislature—1816-17, FIRST SESSION. Convened at Kaskaskia the 2d day of December, A. D, 1816. Adjourned January 14, A. D. 1817. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. OFFICERS, - oo Qa btte Sabo Sngaainjay dvd Glen Sa rere Menard. ecretary eo oseph Conway. Enrolling and Engro sing Clerk. oR, K MeLaaehtin, MIOOMCEBED san cssacras bees seecaraa Ezra‘Owen. MEMBERS, Pierre Menard.... Randolph. John Grammar...................J0hnson,. John G. Lofton. «Madison. Thomas C. Browne.................Gallatin. Abraham Amos... St. Clair, Speaker -George Fisher. Clerk... eseseerersees en Daniel P. Cook, Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk -R. K. McLaughlin. Doorkeeper ..zra Owen. MEMBERS. George Fisher... ...Randolph. Joseph Palmer.. ... Johnson. C. R. Matheng.. St. Clair. Seth Gard........... Wm. H. Bradsby. .St.Clar. Samuel Omelveny. Nathan Davis.......... -..Jackson, ” Third Territorial Legislature—1817-18. SECOND SESSION, C nvened at Kaskaskia the 1st day of December, A. D. 1817. Adjourned LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. January 12, A. D. 1818. OFFICERS. President.. ... Pierre Menard. Secretary. J ee Conway. Enrolling a ¢ R. K. MeLaughlin. DOOr Keeper ..ccecserrenssecescee vee censers ...zra Owen, Pierre Menard... «Madison, Abraham Anos Monroe Thomas C. Browne... o.Gallatin, John Grimmar.... OFFICERS. Speaker... sles George Fisher. Clerk..... Daniel P. Cook. Enrolling and Engrossing Cler R. K. McLaughlin. DOOT KEPT ssaviseonisssccssssiicssecnned oie ... Ezra Owen. MEMBERS. George Fisher. ...Randolph Wm. H. Bradsby. St. Clair. Chas. R. Matheny st. Clair. Joseph Palmer... Johnson. Willis Hargraves wveeae White, M.S. Davenport.. ... Gallatin, First Constitutional Convention. CONVENTION OF 1818. Assembled at Kaskaskia, July —, 1818. Adjourned August 26, 1818. Thirty-three delegates. One member from Washington county died during the sitting of the convention; name unknown. UConstitu- tion adopted in convention without being submitted to a vote of the people. Approved by Congress, December 3, 1818. OFFICERS. President saanwadesss ata ....Jesse B. Thomas. Secretary. ....sssseree cress mabe ebheetaiees . William C. Greenup. DILEGATES, St. Clair—Jesse B Thomas, John Messinger, James Lemen, Jr. Randolph—George Fisher, Elias Kent Kane. : Madison—Benjamin Stephenson, Joseph Borough, Abraham Pric- kett. Gallatin—Michael Jones, Leonard White, Adolphus F, Hubbard. Johnson—Hezekiah West, Wm McFatridge. Edwards Seth Gard, Levi Compton. White—Willis Hargrave, Wm McHenry. Monroe—Caldwell Carns, Enoch Moore, : Pope—Samuel Omelveny, Hamlet Ferguson. Jackson—Conrad Will, James Hall, Jr. si Crawford —Joseph Kitchell, Edward N. Cnllom. Bond —Thomas Kirkpatrick, Samuel G. Morse. Union—William Echols, Jolin Whiteaker. Washington— Andrew Bankson. Franklin—Isham Harrison, Thomas Roberts., EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. Under the constitution of 1818 the elective officers were the Gover- nor and Lieutenant-Governor, who held office for four years. The election returns were transmitted by the returning officers, directed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, whose duty it was to open and publish them in the presence of a majority of each house of the General Assembly. In case of a tie, the choice was made by a joint ballot of both houses. The first election for Governor and Lieuterant-Governor was held on the third Thursday of September, A. D. 1818. Thereafter the elections were held every four years on the first Monday of August. The Secretary of State was appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Auditor of Public Accounts, Treasurer and Attorney-General were elected by the General Assembly, and held office for two years respectively. By the constitution of 1848, all these officers were made elective by the people, except the Attorney-General, which office was abolished . The term of office for each was four years, except the Treasurer, which was two years. The office of Attorney-General was again created by law, in 1867, and the term fixed at two years. The office was first filled by appointment by the Governor, and at the expiration of the term by election by the people. The constitution of 1870 provides that the Executive Department shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Accounts, Treasurer, Superintendeut of Public In- struction, and Attorney-General, who shall each, with the exception of the Treasurer, hold office for four years from the second Monday in January next after election. The Treasurer holds office for two years, and is ineligible for re-election until the expiration of two years next after the end of his term. The first election under the constitution of 1870 was held November 5, A. D. 1872. : By a law passed in 1849 the Secretary of State was made ex-officio State Superintendent of Public Schools. In 1854 the law establish- ” ing a system of free schools created the office of State Superintendent, and provided for the appointment by the Governor, upon the taking effect of the law, of some person to hold office until the election in 1855, when a State Superintendent should be elected, and every two years thereafter. , The offices of Adjutant-Generil, State Geologist, and Entomolo- gist, are created by law, and filled by appointment of the Governor. STATE OF ILLINOIS, Governors, When inaugurated. From what county Remarks. Name. ....{Oet. 6, 1818.....'St. Clair...... -|Dec. 5, 1822...,;Madison. .|Dec. 6, 1426...|Madison. ee as .|Dec. 9, 1830... St. Clair.......)JResigned Nov, 17, 1834. Elected Rep. to Congress. ...|Nov. 17, 1834..! Fayette....... Vice Reynolds. -|Dece. 3, 1834......, Morgan... .| Dee. 7, 1838.....; Greene .| Dee. 8, 1842 Ogle... .| Dee, 9, 184 Crawford... Shadrach Bond.. Edward Coles.. Ninian Edwards John Reynolds... Wm. L. D. Ewing.. Joseph Dunean... Thomas Carlin Thomas Ford..... Augustus C, French. Augustus C, French... Jan. 8, 1849.....|Crawford..... fee under Const’n of 1847. Joel A. Matteson...........JJan., 1853... We ccc acesyesiell raecr sees dapat eitiaareree ae Wm. H. Bissell.. Jan. 12, 1857...) Died March 15, 1860. John Wood......... Mar. 21, 1860... ..|Sueceeded to the office vice Bissell. Richard Yates............./Jan. 14, 1861... Richard J. Oglesby......|Jan. 16, 1865. John M. Palmev.... .|Jan. 11, 186 Richard J. Oglesby...... Jan. 13, Resigned Jan. 23, 1872." Elected U. 8.Senator. John L. Beveridge.......)Jan 23, 1873...]Cook........../Sueceeded to office, vice 7 Oglesby resigned. Shelby M. Cullom........ PAN SUS sq SU CARION ae llessencsacnece.vese seaeesdener® Shelby M. Cullom........ Jan. 10, 1881..,../Sangamon...)..cecsesees cone esata Siveveee 41 \ 42 HISTORY OF EDWARD, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Lieutenant-Governors. State Treasurers. When From what When From what Name inaugurated county. Remarks. Name. qualified county. Remarks, Pierre Menard.. Oct. 6, 1818..)Randolph John Thomas..., ——-—— 1818../St. Clair..,...}.... Adolphus F. Hub .|Dee, 5, 1822.. |Gallatin R. K. MeLau Aug. 2, 1819..|Fayette William Kinney... .|Dec. 6, 1826..|St. Clair. Abner Field Jan, 14, 1823../Union Zadok Casey .|Dec. 9, 1830.. |Jefferson., igne: nl James Hall Feb, 12. ..|Jacksor . Wm. L. D. Ewing........./Mar. 1, 1833..|Fayette....... President of Senate and Act- John Demen Feb. 5, 1831..)Franklin . ing Lieut-Governor. Charles Gregory.. .|Dec. 5, 1836..|\Greene.. Alex. M. Jenkins........../Dec. 5, 1834..|Jackson...... Resigned. John D. Whiteside.. Mch. 4, 1837..)Monroe........]..., Wm. H. Davidson....,.../Dec. 9, 1836..|White......... President of Senate and Act- Milton Carpenter Mch., 6, 1841..)Hamilton.....| Died. . ing Lieut-Governor......... John Moore... .|Aug. 14, 1848..|McLean.......,;Appointed vice Carpenter. Stinson H. Anderson.../Dec. 7, 1838..| Jefferson... |.. 8 sbi John Moore... .|Dec. 16, 1850. on .|Elected. John Moore...... .|Dec. 8, 1842../Mc Lean......].. James Miller Jan. 12, 1857.. “ ,...../Resigned Sept. 3, 1859. Joseph B. Wells. .|Dec. 9, 1846../Rock Island].. William Butler... .\Sept. 3, 1859... Sangamon.../Appointed, vice Miller. Wm. MeMurtry. an. 8, 1849.,;/K William Butler... “ . 14, 1 i pelea Gustavus Kerner.........|Jan. 1853.. i ve . 12, 1863.. Jokn Wood............ Jan, 12, 1857.. ../Succeeded to office of Gov James H_ Beveridge..... 9, 1865..|Dekalb. vice Bissell dec’d Mar. 21, George W. Smith.........,Jan. 10, 1867..|Cook.. 1860. Erastus N. Bates .|Jan, 11, 1869..|/Marion Thomas A. Marshall..... Jan. 7, 1861. President of Senate and Act- Erastus N. Bates. .|Nov. 8, 1870.. cf ing Lieut-Governor. Edward Rutz...... Jan. 13, 1873..!St. Clair. Francis A. Hoffman...../Jan. 14, 1861. Thos. 8. Ridgeway.. Jan. 11, 1875..;Gallatin William Bross.... Jan, 16, 1865.. Edward Ruitz.... Jan, 8, 1877../St. Clair John Dougherty. Jan. 11, 1869.. John C, Smith.. Jan. 13, 1879..\JoDaviess John L. Beverid Jan. 13, 1873.. : Edward Rutz Jan. 10, 1881..\Cook .. vice Oglesby elec’d U.S Sen John Early................./Jan. 23, 1873..] Winnebago..|President of Senate and Act- Attorneys-General. ing Lieut-Governor. Archibald A. Glenn...... Jan. 8, 1875..)Brown......... Pee of Senate and Act- ing Lieut-Governor, } Andrew Shuman.........JJan. 8, 1877../Cook .... e Name. eanea oe ae Remarks. John Hamilton............ Jan. 10, 1881..'McLean i : } Secretaries of State, Daniel Pope Cook.........,;Mceh. 5, 1819.. Randolph Resigned March 5, 1819. William Mears... Dec, 14, 1819.. St Clair... preon aes Sam’] D. Loeckwoo: pee 26, 1821.. ae eee B ered ge eee i James Turney..... an'y 14, 1823..| Washington! Resigned Jan’y 7, Name. Se ae Remarks. James Terie iany DB a ss “ er amian George Forquer.. an’y 23, 1829..;Monroe ... signe ec. 3, 2. James Semple..... Jan’y 30, 1833..|Madison.. : ‘ 4 Ninian W. Bdwards. Sept. 1, 1834../Sangamon... |... Elias Kent Kane.......... Oct. 6. 1818..|Kaskaskia...|Resignea Dec. 16, 1822. Ninian W. Edwards......|Jan’y 19, 1835.. Ne ..|Resigned Feb. 7,18 5. A -De.t, 18, 1822..,Madison ......|Resigned April 2, 1823. Jesse B. Thomas, Jr....|Feb: 12, 1835..|Madison...... Resigned Jan’y 8, 1836. David Blackwell... April 2, 1824..|St. Clair......,Resigned Oct. 15, 1824. Walter B. Scates.... Jan’y 18, 1836..|Jefferson . ..|Resigned Dec: 26, 1836. Morris Birkbeck Oct. 15, 1824.) Edwards......;Resigned Jan. 15, 1825. Usher F. Linder Feb. 4. 1837..\Coles .... Resigned June 11, 1838. George Forquer. .|Jan. 17, 1825../Sangamon...|Resigned Dec. 31, 1828. George W. Olney. June 26. 1833..| Madison Resigned Feb'y 1’ 1939. Alexander P. Field.......Dec, 31, 1828../Union..........]Removed Nov. 30, 1840. Wickliffe Kitchell.......|Mch. 5, 1839..|Crawford .....|Resigned Nov. 19, 1840. Stephen A. Douglas....... , 1840..| Morgan. Resigned Feb. 27, 1841. Josiah Lamborn...........|Dec. 23, 1840..|Morgan ... : Lyman Trumbull.......... i 1841../St. Clair......,Removed March 4, 1843. James A. McDougall... Jau'y 12° 1843... ee 7 Thompson Campbell....|Mar. 4, 1843..]JoDaviess ...|Resigned Dec. 23, 1846. David B. Campbell. Dee. 21. 1846. Sangamon Horace 8. Cooley...........|Dec. 23, 1346..)Adams.........Appointed by Gov. French. Robert G. Ingersoll . ...)Feb. 28, 1867..|Peoria Appointed by Gov. Oglesby. Horace 8, Cooley......... 1849.. Adams.........|Elected under Constitution Washington Bushnell..|Jan’y. 11, 1873..|LaSalle Se Baars = 3 of 1848. Died April 2, 1850. James K. Edsall.. Jan’y 13, 1873..)Lee. AVA! Dre SBS , 1850.. oe oo James K. Edsal Jan’y. 8, 1877.. Alexander Starne.. , 1853. Ozias M. Hatch.. 1857. Ozias M. Hatch.. , 1861.. Sharon Tyndale , 1865.. Edward Rummel......... 1869... George H. Harrow...... , 1873..|Tazewell . George H. Harrow.. . 1877..| Tazewell . Henry C. Dement......... 1881..\Lee .... Auditors of Public Accounts, ' f When From what, is Name. | qualified. county. Remarks. Elijah C. Berry.. Oct, 9, 1818..\ Fayette ...... Elijah C. Berry.. ‘April 6, 1819.. t ‘|: James T. B. Stapp.........;Aug. 27, 1331. tf il Levi Daviz....... ..[Noy. 16, 1835., e ois James Shields. .|Mar. 4, 1841..|Randolph.....|.... Wm. D. L. Ewing........|Mar. 26, 1845... Fayette ......./Died. Thomas H. Campbell.../Mar. 26, 1846..| Randolph....| Vice Ewing, deceased. Thomas H. Campbell... Jan. 7, oo : Jesse K. Dubois Jesse KX. Dubois Orlin I. Miner.. Charles E. Lipp Charles FE. Lippincott. Thomas B. Needles ..... Charles P, Swigert........ . 10, 1881., .. |Lawrence 4 te Wis vington : Kankakee... Superintendent of Public Instruction, Name. When qualified From what county. Remarks. Ninian W. Edwards Wm. H. Powell... Newton Bateman. ‘Newton Bateman. John P, Brooks.... Newton Bateman. Newton Bateman. Newton Bateman. Sam’l M. Etter.... James P, Slade.. ..|Mch. 24, 1854. .Jan’y 12, 1857.. «|Jan’y 1,1859.. ..|Jan'y 4, 1861. .iJan’y 12, 1863., ..Jan’y 10, 1865.. ..|Jan’y —, 1867.. .Jan'y- , 187k. ..|Jan’y 11, 1875.. ..Jan’y 13, 1879. Peoria..... sso | vatsiel by the Governor James McCartn ‘Jan’y. 10, 1881.. State Geologists. Name. When appointed. From what! county. Remarks. Joseph Norwood.. H. A. Ulffers.. Dec. 1, 185 April 19, 186 «|July 21, 1851.. ——— 1853. Mch. 22, 1858.. April 26, 1864.. 3: neta of Feb. 17, 1851. Hardin.. \Topographer. Hancock ..... Vice Norwood. St.Louis,Mo. Artist. ¢ Clair......./ Assistant Geologist. ..., Viee Richer. State Entomologists. { “ When From what, Name appointed. eounty. \ Remarks. sees eames | iC sess D. B. Walsh... .seeee «. June 11, 1867.,|Rock Island Died. Wm. LeBarron ‘April 2, 1s70../ Kane... Died. Cyrus Thomas......... ..\pril 13, 1875. Jackson Adjutants-General. Name: When From what Remaziks: Wm. Alexander... Plijah C. Berry. James W. Berry.. Moses K. Ande: so Simon B. Buckner.. Wm. C. Kenney.. ‘Thomas 8. Mathe Allen C. Fuller. Isham N. Haynie. Edward P. Niles... Hubert Dilger.. Edwin L. Edwin L. Higgin Hiram Hilliard. Hiram Hilliard. iggins.. | appointed. county. .| Dee. Dec. 9, Oct. 28, Nov. ll, Jan’y 16, 1861. April 24, 1819.. June 11, 1821.. 19, 1828.. .|Dec, 16, 1839.. .|April 3, 1857.. 1857. 1858.. 1865.. Randolph..../-.. Fayctte.......[.... eo ss .|Resigned Nov, 11, 1839. SE AINOM ial acmcne cansniiisiieionessnetn ssaanaies seenees Cook ........../Resigned Nov. 7, 1857. St. Clair......] Died. Sangamon...; Vice Kinney, deceased. Boone Alexander HISTORY OF EDWARD, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOS. 43 POPULATION OF ILLINOIS. Statement showing the Fapulavion of the State of Illinois by Counties, according to the United States census, from the year 1800 to the year 1880, and date of organization and name of County Seat; Counties. | 1800. | 1810. | 1820. 1830. | 1840. | 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. When organized. County Seats. ee ices scutes sles] 2,186] 14,476] 26,508] 41,323] 56,362) 69, 148| January 13, 1825.. Bond : . 626 1,390 3, 313 2, 484 4, 707 10, 564 14, 809| March 4, 1819.. ease 2,931 2,931 5, 060 6, 144! 9, 815 13 152 14, 873 January 4, 1817.. 7, 624 11, 678 12, 942 11, 527;March 4, 1837.. 7,198 9,938 12, 205 13, 044|February 1, 1839. 8,841] 26,426] 34,415] 33, 189/ February 28, 1837.. 3, 231 6, 144 6, 562) 7,471|January 10, 182%. 4, 586 H, 733 16,705 16, 985|Febuary 22, 1839 7, 253 11, 325 11, 580 14, 494;March 3, 1837... Champaign 2619| 14,629] 32,737| 40, 869, February 20, 1833 Christian 37203) 10,492| 20363; 28, 232| February 15, 1839........., Taylorville : 9,532) 14,987/ 18,719; 21, 900|March 23, 1819.... Marshall 4, 289 9, 336 15, 875 16, 195|December 23, 1824....... | Louisville. 5, 139 10, 941 16, 285 18, 718; December 27, 1824. 9, 335 14, 203 25, 235 27, 055|December 25, 1830. 43,385} 144,954) 349,966] 607, 719|January 15, 1831.. 7,133 11, 551 13,839 16,190/December 31, 1816. sol tivesereawel 3, 718 8,311] 12,223} 13, 762| May 1, 1843... 7,540| 19,086] 23,265} 26, 774|March 4, 1837. 5,002} 10,820] 14,768) 17, 014/March 1, 1839... dipegatoneees | Staetaeses 7,140 13, 484 15, 857| February 13, 1857 : 9, 290 14, 701 16, 685 19, 187|February 9, 1839. 10, 692 16, 925 21, 450) 25, 504 January 3, 1823... Carlyle... Charleston Chicago.. Robinson.. 38, 524 5, 454 7,565 8, 600 November 28, 1814 3, 799 7,816] 15,653 18, 924|February 15, 1831.. 8,075 11, 189 19, 638 23, 243|February 14, 1821.. sa igo ve ncsgex |ivsdgsaupsyen 1,979 9, 103) 15, 105;February.17, 1859 . 5, 681 9, 393 12, 652 16, 129'\January 2, 1818.. Gallati 22, 508 33, 338 38, 291 41, 249|January 23, 1823. Ge pee : . 5,448 8,055 11, 134 12, 862'Septembor 14, 1812. Grande ze 12, 429 16,093 20, 277 23, 014; January 20, 1821. PUTA Y-s-ssasssscncescszeceansesirst nt agntecteian| seawueaiallzacrasis. [acowmoves |leneneseucoie|izesvavteteun 3,923 10, 379 14, 938 16, 738| February J7, 1841.. Hamilton.. ) 3,945] 6, 362 9,915] 13, 014 16,712, February 8, 1821, ..|McLeansboro.. a‘ * 9,946) 14, 652 29, 061 35, 935 35, 352|January 13, 1825. .|Carthage...... seers : o 2, 887 3, 759 5,113 6, 024|March 2, 1839.. .| Elizabethtown .. 4612 9,501] 12,582] 10, 755|January 20, 1841 3,807, 20,660, 35, 506] 36, 609|January 13, 182 4149, 12,325) +. 25,782| 35, 457|February 26, 1833. 5, 862 9, 589 19, 634 22, 508|January 10, 1816... .|Murphysboro 3, 220 8, 364! 11, 238 14, 515)February 15, 1831.........,Newton.. 8, 109 12, 965 17, 864, 20, 686|March 26, 1819 ... ..| Mt. Vernon.. Jersey...... a payuanesseansiieas 7, 854 12, 051 15, 054 15, 546| February 28, 1839.. .|Jerseyville.. JoDaviess. nae 18, 604 27, 325 27, 820 27, 534| February 17, 1827.........|Galena... Johnson. 4, 114 9, 342 11, 248 13, 079/September 14, 1312. ......) Vienna ose ‘ 16, 703 30, 062) 39, 091 44, 956| January 16, 1836, ..|Geneva... Ween has 15, 412 24, 352 24,961|February 11, 1851.........; Kankakee City. 7, 730 13. 074 12, 399 13, 084|February 19, 1841........./ Yorkville .... 13, 279 28, 663 39, 522 38, 360| January 13, 182 14, 226 18, 257 21,014 21, 299|March 1, 1839... 3 17, 815 48,332 60,792 70, 420| January 15, 1831. Lawrence.. re 6,121 9, 214 12,533 13,663|January 16, 182 Lee........ Zl 5, 292 17, 651 27,171 27! 494| February 27, 1839.. Livingston ; 1, 552 11, 637 31,471 38, 450| February 27, 1837.. Logan.. ; 5,128] 14,272| 23,053) ~—«-25, 041| February 15, 1839.. Macon... : 5 3, 988 13, 738 26,481 30, G71| January 19, 1829. Macoupin. . 0 12, 355 24, 602 32,726 37, 705| January 17, 1829... 20, 441 31, 351 44,131 50, 141/September 14, 1812. 6.720| 12,739] +: 20,622) 23, 691|Jannary 24, 1823. 5, 180 13, 437 16, 956 15, 036|January 19, 1839... MBor| “eais| "8ae1| dofadalirebrunry 8, 143 , 09? 5 5 , 443 ar. i 7616, 20,069} 26,509] 27, 984|January 2%, 1826. 14, 978 22, 089 23, 762 24,914| January 16, 183 10, 163 28, 772 53, 988 60, 115; Decemher 25, 18: é ‘ 6,349 9, 584) 11, 725 13, 028)February 15, 1839.. 26 F 5, 246 15, 042 18, 769 19, 501|/January 13, 1825. 2,000 7, 673 12, 832 12, 982 13, 682|June 1, 1816..... 2,953 6,277| 13,979) 25,314] «28, 086| February 12, 1821.. Morgan... 12,714 16, 064 22,112 28, 463 31, 519|/January 31, 1823. Moultri a F 234 a 385 ay 385 ee Eon es 1843... n, 020 2, 888 492 , 946| January 16, 1836. i 17, 547 36, 601 47,540 55,419| January 13, 1825. 3215 5, 278 9, 552 18, 723 16, 008| January 29, 1827. Sullivan... ../Oregon .. ..|Peoria... seegenes 1, 606 6,127 10, 953 15, 583| January 27, 1841. 2,396 18, 819 27, 249 30, 768 33, 761|January 31, 1821. 3, 975 6,742) 11,437| —-13,256/April_ 1, 1816. a eae eeeveose 2, 264 8,943 8, 752 9,507|March 3, 1843 ..|Mouna City. ‘ 3,924 5, 587 6, 280 5, 555|January 13, i825 ..| Hennepin. Randolph.. - 1,103 ; 11,079 17, 205 20, 859 25, 691/April 28, 1809...... ..|Chester. Olney.. Richland.. : ie slvsceccnaceal A ROLZ, 9, TH 12, 808 15, 546|February 24, 1841. Rock Island. Rock Islan i ‘ 6, 937 21, 005 29, 783 38, 314|/February 9, 1831 esses ts ; P | 5, 588 9, 331 12, 714) 15, 940| February 25, 1847. Harrisburg. : Sangamon 19, 228 32, 274 46, 352 52, 902|January 30, 1821 Springfield.. . Schuyler ; § 10, 573 14, 684 17,419 16, 249| January 13, 1825 Rushville. i a 7,914 9, 069 10, 530 10, 745|February 16, 1839 Winchester. 7, 807 14, 613 25, 476 30, 282|\January 23,1827 Shelbyville 38, 710 9, 004 10, 751 11, 209/March 2, 1839.. oulon..... . 20, 180 37, 694) 51, 068 61, 850| April 28, 1809 Belleville. Stephenson.. esis 11, 666 25, 112 30, 608 31, 970| March 4, 1837.. Freeport., Tazewell ea 12, 052 21, 470 27, 908 29, 679| January 31, 1827. Pekin.... Union.... 7, 615 11,181 16, 518 18, 100| January 2, 1818. Jonesboro.. Vermilion 3 : 11, 492 19, x00 30, 388 41, 600| January 18, 1826. Danville.. i Wabash... 4, 690 7,313 8, 841 9, 945| December 27, 1824. Mt. Carmel. ‘ 8, 176 18, 336 23,174 22, 940| January 13, 1825.. Monmouth. 6, 953 13, 731 17, 599 21,117| January 2, 1818.. Nashville. 6, 825 12, 223 19, 758 21, 297|March 26, 1819... Fairfield . 8 925 12, 403} —~° 16, 846 23,089|December 9, 1815.........|Carmi..... 5, 361 18, 737 27, 503 30, 888| January 16, 1836. 16, 703 29, 321 43, 013 53, 424| January 12, 1836 7, 216 12, 205 17, 329 19, 326; February 28, 1839. 11,773] 24,491] 29, 301] 30, 518 January 16, 1836. 4,415] 13,282} 18,956, —«-21, 630| February 27, 1841. Rockford ..|Metamora... Winnebago... Woodford.. ABET ePAte occssssssoe vessercsseneeseseeneee 2,358(12, 289158, 1a2l 157,445! 476, 183( 851, 4701 1,711, 951l 2,539, 8911 3, 078, 636 * St. Clair county was organized April 27th, 1790, by Arthur St. Clair, then Governor and Commander-in-chief of “ The territory of the United States north- west of the Ohio river, ' re-organized after Illinois had been established as a Territory, April 28th, 1809. i MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. Presidents. Secretarics of State. Secretaries of War. Postmasters-General No. NAME. quaLiriep. | No. NAME. approrn'ren. | No, NAME. APPOINTED. | No. NAME, APPOINTED, j ington...... April 30, 1789 | 17 John C. Calhoun......... Mar, 6, 18M | 2% William L. Marcy......... Mar. 6, 1845] 4 Gideon Granger.. 28, 1801 L George Washington Mae 4, 1793] 18 James Buchanan, -Mar. 6, IXt | 23 George ». Crawford....Mar. 8, 1849 ts is i 4, 1805 2 John Adams ........- 41797 | 19 John M. Clayton »Mar. 8, 1419] 24 Charles M, Conrad. -Aug. 165, 1850 ne Se pead 4, 1809 8 Thomas Jetferso.. 4 1gel Daniel Webster. July Pe 1860 | 25 Jetterson Davis. -Mar. 6, 1853] & Return J. Meigs, Jr. ar. 17, 1814 “ ee 4 1su5 | 20 Edward Everett. Nov.“ 6, 18/2 | 26 John ee Set - oe ee 4. aati i : 4, 1809 | 21 William L. Marcy. Mar. 7, 1853 | 27 Joseph Holt Jan. “ 21° = aIRES Masiepr 4 iets 22 Lewis Cass. . . «Mar. 6, 1857 | 28 Sirnon Came «Mar. 5, 1861 | 6 John McLean. June 20, 1823 5 James Monroe.... Mar. 4) 117] 88 Jeremiah 8. 1860 | 29 Edwin M. Stanto Jan. 15, 1862 ue is . Mar. 4, 1825 “ ery ar. &, 1szt| 2b William H. Sewar 1861 : ee Rs ie 7 William T. Barry.. ae % ee i AES ar $25 a ee 1865 : o -Apri ts ss ar. 333, 7 oe bac be AG ie Y ; io ea a . 1865} U.S. Grant, ad interim..’Aug. 12,1867] 8 Amos Kendall May 1) 1835 Bere ee eee es ” 4’ 1833 | 25 E. B. Washburne. 1869} LThomas, “ — “ -Feb. 21, 1868 es = Mar. 4, 1837 8 Martin Van Buren 4. 1837 | 26 Hamilton Fish..! 1869 | 30 John M. Schofield .. 28,1868] 9 John M. Niles.. May 25, 1840 9 Wm Henry Hariison...Mar. 4 1841 e ae 1873 | 31 John A. Rawlins... -Mar. 11, 1869 | 10 Francis Granger. Mar. 6, 1841 10-JohH. Toletce.. April 6, 1841 | 27 William M, Evarts 1877 | 32 Wm. W. Belknap. -Oct. 25, 1869 “ ter April 6, 1841 11 James K. Polk Mar. 4, 1815 | 28 James G. Blaiae .. 4, 1881 S ae ‘Mar. 4, 1873] 11 Chas. A. Wickliffe........ Sept. 13) 1841 1 Zachary Taylor .. Mar. 5, 1849 | 29 Frelinghuysen, F. '... 1881 | 33 Alphonso Taft... -Mar. 8, 1876 | 12 Cave Johnson... Mar. 6, 1845 13 Millard Filimore 1350 34 James D. Camero May 22, 1876 | 13 Ja-ob Collamer.. - Mar. 8 1849 14 Franklin Pieree 1853 35 Geo. W. McCrary... ........Mar. 12,1877 | 14 Nathan K. Hall . July 23, 1850 15 James Buchanan » 1857 36 aan Say (ees 1 ae 145 Sam’1 1. Bares seeares aa 31, 1852 y a i SL 2 " 37 Robert ‘I’. Lincoln.........Mar. , 1881 | 16 James Campbell. .Mar 5, 1853 16 Abraham Tayeoll ; Teas Secretaries of the Treasury ta Aaron . Brown Mar. e ieay 7 : 15, 1865 i as 18 Joseph Holt..... Mar. 14, 1859 i ee cone 4 te Ale ee aes ; : ty qe 19 Horatio King : Feb. 12) 1861 te rs 4, 1873 | 2 Oliver Wolcott 2 1795 Secretaries of the Navy. 20 Montgomery Blair Mar. 5, 1861 19 Rutherford B. Hayes . “ “ ee 5, 1877 4, 1797 Sept. 24, 1864 —— — | 21 William Dennison... 20 James A. Garfield.. 4, 1881 | 3 Samnol Dexter.. Uygur | 1 Benjamin Stoddert. 21, 1798 “ e - Mar. 4, 1865 Jan. 3 i a : : . 4, 1801 bas fs «April 15, 1865 21 Chester A. Arthur.. . 20, 1881] 4 Albert Gallatio -May 1% ete 2. Robert Smith. 15) 1801 | 22 Alex. W. Randall” a p 25" 1866 “ me | “Mar. 4 1813 oe Mroweliant 3 1B 23 Joho A.J. Cresswel E 5, 1869 M 2 : : 4 Paul Hamilton.. » 180) g 4. 1873 SigucWired tenia: Ee eae ee ae aara | OW ana tenen: 12) 1813 | 24 Marshall Jewell...n. Ang, 24, 1874 7 Wm. H. Crawford Oct, 22) 1816 ee 4, 1813 | 25 James N. Tynev.. -Jaly 12, 1x76 1 John Adams.. ne 3, 1780 «“ “ & “Mar. 5. 1817| 6 B. W. Crownioshield.. 19, 1814 | 26 David McK Key. «Mar. 12, 1877 a ae : Dee. 2, 1793 ee ee a “Mar. Be 1821 Zz se , 4, 1817 | 27 Horace Maynard. June 2, 18°0 2 Thomas Jefferson.. Mar. 4, 1797) 8 Richard Rash. .... Mar. 7, 1825 | 7 Smith Thompson . 9, 1818 | 28 Thomas L. James........Mar. 4, 1881 3 Aaron Burr .. «-Mar. 4, 1801| 9 Samuel D. Ingham. 6, 1829 Ren 5, deer 29 Timothy O. Howe.........Dec., 1881 4 George Clinton Mar. 4, 1805 | 10 Louis McLane...... . 2, 1331 | 8 Samuel L. Southar ue ie G s Mar. 4, 1809 | 11 William J. Dua 29, 1833 : ee 5 Eldridge Gerry .. Mar. 4, 1813 | 12 Rogér B. Taney. Sept. 23, 1833 | 9 John Branch... 9, foe *John Gaillard. Nov. 25, 1814| 13 Levi Woodbury. June 27, 1334 | 10 Levi Woodbury. 23, 183 6 Daniel D. Tomp Mar. 4, 1817 eG eG as Mar. 4, 1837 : ‘ | 183) “ ae: Mar. 5, 1841/14 Thomas Ewing Mar. 5, 1sd1 | 22 Mahlon Dickers 30, 1844 Attorneys-General. 7 John C. Calhoun.... Mar. 4, 1825 oe we April 6, 1841 5 gas 4, 1837 2 aa * : Mar. 4, 1829|15 Walter Forward. Sept. 13, 1841 | 12 James K. Paulding. 25, 1838 8 Martin Van Buren. Mar. 4, 1833] 16 John GC. Spencer. Mar. 3, 1843 | 13 George E. Badger tt 1 Edmund Randolph..... Sept. 26, 1789 9 Richard M. Johnson..... Mar. 4, 1827/17 George M. Bibb June 14, 1844 Bal = 2 18 = st Maur 4,1793 10 John Tyler.......... 18 Robert J, Walker - ‘Mar. 6, 1845 | 14 Abel te Upshur. 13, i 2 William Bradtord Jan, 27, 1794 *Samuel L. Souchard il 6, 19 Wm. M. Meredith. .Mar. 8, 1849 | 15 David Henshaw. 24, 1843 | 3 Charles Lee... Dee. 10, 1795 #Willie P. Mangum 2] 2% Thomas Corwin July 23, 1850 Tie neces we Gi meus 1b. st c -Mar. 4, 1797 11 George M. Dallas .. 21 James Guthrie Mar. 7, 1853 | 17 John B eee i : iS 4 Theophilus Parsons......Feb. 20, 1801 12 Millard Fillmore 22 Howell Cohb. Mian, soy | #8 onrgeE anenott. 1) 1815 | 5 Levi Lincoln. : *William R. King 23 Philip F. Thom Dec, 12) 1860 oe ee % 18161 § Robert Smith 13 William R. King 24 Jolin A. Dix.... Jan, 1, 1861119 villiam B. Ereston BIS 7 John Breckinridge *David R. Atchiso 25 Salmon P. Chase. Mar. 7, 1961 | 20 William A. Graham 22, 184 *Jesse D. Bright .....-.... 26 Wm. Pitt Fessenden... 14 John C, Breckinridge... Mar. 4, 1857 | 27 Hugh McCalloch.. r i ae illiam Pinkney. 15 Hannibal Hamlin... 4, 18011 i April 15, 1865 | 23 Isaac Toucey.... eis! © Wiles Rinne 16 Andrew Johnson... Mar, 4, 1865 | 28 George 8. Boutwell ......Mar, 11, 1809 | 24Gideon Welles.. 5, 1861 *Lafaye'te S. Foster. «April 15, 1865 | 29 Win. A Richardson.. *Benjamin F. Wade 2, 1867 | 30 Benj. If. Bristow. 17 Schuyler Colfax wesc 4, 1869 | 31 Lot M. Morrill \ 5: 1869 18 Henry Wilson... * 4, 1873 | tz John Sherman. 2) Geo, M. Robeson. . Bee “ a % a putea » 22, 1875 | 33 Willi ind 5 Su . ri 19 Willim Ay Wheeler Mar 5, 1817 | at Chas Polen speeontuan EG) st] 27 Rich. W. Thompson 12, Isi7 | 3 ean ee 20 Chester A Arthur........Mar. 4, 1881 28 Nathan Goff, Jr... . 6, 1881 a ‘ 121 David Davis........... ~*Acting Vice-President and President Secretaries of War. pro tem of the Senate. 4 Henry Knox. « « Sept. 12, 17x80 «Mar, 4, 1703 2'Timothy Pickering . 2 1795} 2 Alox. HL. Stuart Sept. 1z, 1850 | 18 Hugh S. Legure.. Secretaries of State. 3 James Mellenry.. Jan, 27,1796) 38 Robert MeCleland.......Mar. 7, 1853 | 19 John Nelson... te te «Mar, 4, 1707 | 4 dacoh Thompson... 6, 1857 | 20 John Y. Mason. 1 Thomas Jefferson. . 26, 1789 | 4 Samuel Dexter May 13, 1800] 5 Caleb B, Smith.. 5, 1861 | 21 Nathan Clitfurd ‘ 1793 | 5 Roger Griswold.. 1794) 6 Henry Dearborn 1795 “ « 1797 | 7 William Eustis... 1800} 8 John Armstrong 1801 ss by . 1805 | 9 Jams Monroe ... . Feb, 8, 1801 Mar. 5, 1801 Mar. 4, 1805 Mar. 7, 1809 Jan, 13, 1813 2 Edmond Randolph 3 Timothy Pickering.. ‘ ‘ 4 John Marshall... 5 James Madison “ = mgt ar ue 4 2 5 POS PON ES 21 John P. Kennedy. aly 2 ieee 22 James C. Dobbin . 25 Adolph FE. Borie . ae 29 W. If. Hant. se ange naeh : 30 W. E. Chand 1v Columbus Delano ‘“ és 22) 1x52 ; 3 Ceesar iN Rodney. TAR 4. 1865 10 Richard Rush.. 18, 1865 11 William Wirt. 4 Hee 1 Benjamin F. Butler. aoe “ “ 15 Felix Grundy.. Secretaries of the Interior, '6 Heury D. Gilpin. os —— 17 John J. Crittenden 1 ‘Thomas Fwing, 8, 1849 8, 1863 | 22 Isaac Toucey .. 4, 1865 | 23 Reverdy Jonnson . April 15, 1865 John J Crittenden May = 15, 1865 | 24 Caleb Cushing... 25 Jeremiah 8S. filrks 26 Edwin M. Stanton. 27 Kdward Bates..... 6 John P. Usher “ « “a “ 7 James Harlan. 8 O. H. Browning. 9 Jacob 1). Cox..... , 6, 1809 | 10 Wm. H. Crawford wAng. 1, 1815 ag T. J. Coffey, ad int. 2, 1811 | 11 George Graham . «ad interim 11 Zachariah Chandler 28 James Speed. tase 4, 1813 | 12 John C. Calhoun Oct. 8, 1817] 12 Carl Schurz ....... . Mar. 12, 1877 io ee i 8 John Quincy Adams 6, 1817 ig ot Mar. 5, 1821! 13 Samuel_J. Kirkwood....Mar, 4, 1881 FE fe og nil 15, 1805 ee i “4 i 5, 1821 | 13 James Barbour.. -Mar. 7, 1824 | 14 Henry M. Teller oc. April, 1882 | 29 Henry Stanbery. July 23, 1866 9 Henry Clay... 7, 1825 | 14 Peter B. Porter. . «May 26, 1828 30 William M Evarts July 16, 1sus us patie Ven Buren Mt 6, 1829 | 15 John H. Eaton Mar. 9, 1829 31 iE. eke od Hoar.......Mar. 5) 1969 1 Edward Livingston . ay 24, 1831 | 16 Lewis Cass. Aug. 1, 1831 -Geners 32 Amos T. Akerman 2 12 Louis McLane. ie 29, 1838 Tee Mar, 4; 1833 ee eee 33 George H. Williams, in Te 13 John Forsyth. June 27, 1835) 17 Jocl R_ Poin Mar. 17,1837] 1 Samuel Osgood ............Sept. 26, 1789 oy pe . 4. 1873 i. wx Mar. 4, 1837] 18 Jobn Bell.. Mar, 5, 1841] 2 Timothy Pickering......Aug. 12,1791 | 34 Edward Pierrepont. 26, INT 1 Daniel Webs Mar. 5, 1841 se Rs April 6, 1841 a fs ‘Mar _4, 1793] 35 Alphonso Taft ... ay 22) 1876 iS sf April 6, 1841 | 19 John ©, Spencer. Oct. 12,1841 | 3 Joseph Habersham.......F. b. 25, 1795 | 36 Charles Devens.. -Mar. 12) 1877 5 Hugh 8S. Legare.. 1843 | 20 James M. Porter Mar. 8, 1843 i es - 4, 1797 | 37 Wayne MacVeagh........Mar. 4° 1381 “6 Abal P. Upshur... 1843 | 21 William Wilkins... 4 “ “ seeuMar, 4, 180L | 38 Benj. Harris Brewster...Dec., 1881 . SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: Name. State. Congress. Term of Service. F. A. Muhlenber, Jonathan Trumbull. F. A. Muhlenberg Jonathan Dayton . New Jersey sb “e Theodore Sedgwick ..|Massachusetts.. Nathaniel Macon. J oseph B. Varnum. Henry Clay wn : Langdon Cheves.. Henry Clay.. John W. Taylor. New Philip P. Barbour.. Virginia Henry Clay.. Kentucky John W. Tay New York.. Andrew Stevenso Virginia .. ¢ John Bell.......... James K. Polk. 6c Robert M. T. Hunter Virginia... John White. Kentucky John W. Jones. Virginia. John W. Davis. Indiana..... Robert C. neni ss Massachusetts.. Howell Cobb.. Georgia... Linn Boyd... Kentueky Nathaniel P. Banks.. Massachusetts. James L. Orr....... south Carolina Wm. Pennington ..|New Jersey... Galusha A. Grow.. Pennsylvania . (37th Ci Indiana. Schuyler Colfax “ ot . James G. Blaine. Michael C. Kerr.. Samuel J. Randall.. ry “ ..|Pennsylvania ..|Connecticut... - |Nort. “ Massachusetts. Kentuck Vox South Carolina, 2d Session Kentucky... on Indiana. Pennsylvania, ic h Carolina, “ “ “ oe 16th York, 2d Session.. 2d Session... “ “ ..{Ist Congress.. ..|2d Congress, .. {8d Congress.. .. 4th Congres ../5th Congres ./6th Congress. .jith Congress 8th Congress. . 9th Congress.. « {10th Congress... ..{11th Congress . |18th Congress 11th Congress 15th Congress. Congress . lith Congress 18th Congress 19th Congress. 20th Congress. 21st Congress 2d Congress 34th Congress. 35th Congress. 36th Congress. 38th Congress 39th Congress 40th Congress 41st Congress. 42d Congress.. 43d Congress - 45th Congress ..|46th Congress... ngress. .|April 1, 1789, to March 4, 1791 . {October 24, 1791, to March 4, 179: .|December 2, 1793, to March 4, 1795 .|December 7, 1795, to March 4, 1797 .|May 15,1797, to March 3%, 1799..... .|December 2, 1799, to March 4, 1801 .|December 7, 1801, to March 4 1803. .|October 17, 1803, to March 4, 1805... .| December 2, 1305, to March 4, 1807. ...|October 26, 1807, to March 4, 1809... .|May 22, 1809, to March 4, 1811.. . November 4, 1811, to March 4, 1 .|May 24, 1818, to January 19, 1814. .|January 19, Ixl4, to March 4, t815.. .|December 4, 1815, to March 4, 1815 .|vecermber 1, 1817, to March 4, 1819 .|December 6, 1819, to May 15, 1820.. ./November 15, 18v0, to March 4, 1821.. .|December 4, 1821, to March 4, 1323 .|December 1, 1§23, to March 4 1825 .| December 5, 1825, 1o March 4 1827 December 3, 1827, to March 4 1829. .|December 1, N29, to March 2 1831 .|December 5, 1831, to March 4, 1833 .| December 2 1833, to June 2, 1834. .|June 2, 1834, to March 4, 1835 000 .|December 7, 1835, to March 4, 1837 . (September 5, 1837, to March 4, 1439 .|December 16, 1838, to March 4, 1841... .|May 31, 1841, to Mareh 4, 1843.. .|December 4, 1843, to March 4, 1s4 . December 1, 1845, to March 4, 184 .|December 6 1847, to March 4 1849. .|December 22, 1849, to March 4, 1841.. .|December 1, "1851, to Mareh 4, ‘1s53. .|December 5, 18A3, to March 4 1455. .{February 2. 1856, to March 4, sa. December 7, 1857, to March 4, 1x40 .|February 1, 18C0, to March 4, 1861.. .|July 4, 1861, to March 4, 1863... .|Decem ber 7, 1863, to March 4, 186 .| December 4, 1865, to March 4, 1867. .|March 4, 1867, to March 4, 1869. .|March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1871. .|March 4, 1871, to March 4, 1873...- .|December 1, 1873, to March 4, 1875. .|December 6, 1875, to August 20, 1876. .|Devember 4, 1876, to March 4, 1877. .;October 15, 1877, to March 4, 1879. ..|March 18, 1879, to. 8 Born | Died. 1750 1801 1740 1809 1760 | 1838 1746 «| 1813 1757 1837 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1790 TO 1880, FROM THE OFFICIAL CENSUS, ‘ - Per cent. States and Territories. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. | increase “70 to °80. The United States..- 3929214 5308483 7239881 9633822 | 12866020 | 17069453 | 23191876 | 31443321 | 38558371 | 50152866 30.06 Tne States 3929214 5294390 7215858 9600783 | 12820868 | 17019641 | 23007262 | 31183744 | 38115641 | 49369595 29.52 127901 309527 590756 771623 964201 996992 1262794 26.66 Arkansas 14255 20388 97574 | 209897 | 435450 | 484471 | 802564 65.65 California .. - 92597 | 379994 | 560247 | 864686 54.34 Colorado. 34277 49864 194649 388.28 Connecticu 5) 460147 | , 537454 622683 15.85 Delaware T6748 78085 91532 112216 125015 146654 17.30 Florida 34730 54477 87445 | 140424 187743 267381 42.39 Georgia. 340985 516823 691392 906185 1057286 1184109 1539048 29.97 Illinois 55162 | 157445 | 476183 | 851470 | 1711951 | 2539891 | 3078769 21.22 Indiana. 147178 343031 685866 988416 1350428 1680637 1978362 17.70 Iowa,. ats 3 43112 192214 674913 1194020 1624620 86.06 Kansas 3 ‘ sf 107206 364399 995966 173.14 Kentucky. 406511 564135 637917 TT9828 982405 115568 155684 1648708 24.80 Louisiana ecltaiighas vacates sales Bepalacresnotenreeseieststaailesetillaas west men Reniaiaesin| eciderscete es 76556 152923 215739 352411 517762 TO8002 726915 940103 29.32 Maine. 99540. 151719 228705 298269 399455 501793 583169 628279 626915 648945 3.15 Marylan 319728 841548 380546 407350 447040 470019 583034 687049 780894 934632 19.68 Massachus ST8787 422845 472040 823159 610408 737699 994514 1231056 1457351 1783012 22.34 Michigan... fed oleate on 4762 8765 31639 212267 397654 749113 1184059 1636331 38.19 MID C80 bass ssesicevexccnesanvessvssecgessaese vevnsereecemeacsaeds | ltevasasinemncemmasmnn |aaleaeesewn sien | nea vet ueveuny calustesaedaaand |anwaezevenvnersll wanaades ventoane 6077 172023 439706 780806 17.67 aay A354 75448 136621 375651 606526 791305 827922 1331592 36.67 Missouri.. 20845 66557 140455 383702 682044 1182012 1721295 2168804 25.99 N ebraska.. citer te E a 28841 122993 452433 267.83 Nevada...... cdl oS a 9 6857 42491 62265 46.53 New Hampshire 141885 183858 214460 244022 2 8 284574 317976 326073 318300 346984 9.01 New Jersey.. 184139 211149 215562 277426 320823 373306 489555 672035 906096 1130892 24.80 New York.. 341020 5xn051 959049 1372111 1918608 2428921 2097394 8880735 4382759 4083810 15.99 393751 555500 6388 9 737987 753419 869039 992622 1071361 1400047 80.67 tr 230760 581295 937903 1519467 1980329 2389511 266526 3198239 19.99 Oregon. cell cence walowaetsrre| Saeta eye eeire Neen ere os EEA OORS USS a OD: peters untae ema 13294 52465 90923 174767 92.21 Pennsylvania 434373 367 810091 1047507 1348233 1724033 2311786 2906215 3521951 4282786 21.60 Rhode Island... 68825 69122 76931 83015 97199 108830 147545 174620 217358 276528 27.22 South Carolina 249073 345591 415115 502741 581185 594398 668507 703708 705606 995622 4095 Tennessee...... 35691 105602 261727 422771 681904 829210 1002717 1109801 1258520 1542463 22.56 TOXAS cccsents xatencacanonscciersysciuasastioewr suchen tr auceerwesiexse |ionvsacuunesvane stance fares dertaesinton laeadiesscualdvass | Paemacedage yes sneedeseasioas |aenanasevorceys 212592 GO04215 818579 1592574 94.55 Vermont.. 85425 154465 217895 235966 280652 291948 314120 315098 380551 332286 52 Virginia . 747610 880200 974600 1065116 1211405 1239797 1421661 1596318 1226163 1512806 23.42 West Virginian. scsccivsesisessvacanacasisdaaedsd sbesvevtevees: |enccvssnsegesseteasas |auasnesstnsannellegeudcannsnemse| sec cusnceaaan|SUeesierbasabad |lesessarevsr etl eeoesbeosyaence | soemempsaTe es 442014 618443 39.91 Wisconsin .... 30945 305391 7175881 1054670 1315480 24.72 The Stat : at snsecoasr 3929214 5924390 7215858 9600783 | 128290868 | 17019641 | 23067262 | 31183744 | 38115641 | 49369595 29.52 Aridona... 9658 40441 318.73 Dakota... ane walla seas eae 14181 135180 853.24 District of Columbia.. 141193 33039 13170) 177638 34.88 aho...... a san.) ine 14999 32611 117.42 Montana.. 20595, 39157 90.12 New Mexi Q18T4 118430 28.90 Utah........... 86786 143906 65.81 Washington.. 23955 75120 213.58 Wyoming... 9118 20788 127.98 pom sce 76.91 The Territories............ccccessessssesssenseeseees sseverces's lll wasapaeere trent . 14093 24023, 33039 39834 43712 124614 259577 442730 783271 —_— J samemeiehis Se See) Total Population........cscereee suveneeraiaeneeeet ; 3929 14 5308483 7239881 9633822 | 12866020 | 17069453 | 23191876 | 31443321 | 38558371 | 50152866 30.06 Increase | Increase| Increase| Increase] Increase| Increase| Increase| Increase|Increase percent. | per cent. percent. | per cent.| per cent.| per cent.) per cent.| per cent.|per cent. 1700-1800. |1801-1810 '1819-1820. '1820-1830.| 1830-1840. 1840-1850. |1850-1860.' 1860-1870. |1870-1 8 35.10, 86.38, 33.08, 832.51. 83.52. | 95.83. ALLL. 22.65. 30.06, 46 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUN: TIES, ILLINOIS. CELAPITR. LL, GEOGRAPHY, AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND RAILROAD FACILITIES. EDWARDS COUNTY. m)ELE county of Edwards was erected in 1814, and was the sixth county formed in what is now the State of Illinois. At its organi- GaueMM zation it embraced nearly all the eastern portion of the territory of Illinois, and a part of the territories of Wisconsin and Michigan, its northern boundary extending to Upper Canada. It is now oxe of the smallest counties in the State, and is bounded as follows: On the north by Richland, east by Wabash, south by White and west by Wayne county. It is about twenty-one miles from north to south, and is eleven miles in width, and contains 141,280 acres of land, about five-eighths of which is under cultivation. Population—The population of the county is com- posed mainly of people of English descent, and according to the census of 1880, numbered as fullows: PRECINCTS. AUDION RBS aS Re SSS Baa 2 ara 3,301 WestiSal6m;: 4 ag & AO beers cae He 1,857 Shelby,. . medi SE) CAR se 1,521 French Creek and Dixon, .. ... ‘ + + 6 1,926 8,605 Albion, the capital of the county, is situated a little south of the centre, on the Louisville, Evansville, and St. Louis railway, and about four miles west of the line of the Peoria, Decatur, and Evansville road. It is nicely located on high rolling ground, and the surrounding country is among the best in southern Illinois. At this writing, it contains a population of about one thousand inhabitants. Topography.—The surface of the uplands is quite rolling, but there are some limited areas of rather flat timbered lands above the level of the creek bottoms, forming what is known as terrace lands. Originally the main surface was covered with heavy timber, but intersperse1 here and there with prairie patches, ranging in area from one section to four or five square miles in surface. The largest of these is the Bultinghouse Prairie, situated a little south and west from Albion. A peculi- arity of some of these prairies is, that the soil is cold and somewhat unproductive. The principal kind of timber on the uplands is the white oak, but when once cleared from the land the black oak takes its place. On the low grounds, near the streams, may be found in large abundance the water-oak, sweet gum, ash, soft maple, and other varieties. There is but one point in the county where the surface rises to anything like high bluffs, and this is on the Little Wabash in Shelby pre- cinct. Here the banks are quite steep and rise to the height of about sixty feet. This is underlaid with sand- stone, as may be seen from the outcroppings along the banks. Between two seams of sandstone shalelow vein of coal appears, and in an early day was taken out in small quantities by the blacksmiths for their forges at Albion. Soil and Agricultwre.—The soil on the rolling upland is a chocolate-colored clay loam, well charged with humus from decomposed vegetable matter, and is very productive, being specially adapted to the culture of the best quality of wheat, of oats, and the grasses. The bottom lands along Bonpas creck are heavily timbered, but when cleared and brought into cultivation are very productive, and constitute the best corn lands in the southern part of the State. At this time wheat is the staple product of the county. In an early day, corn stood at the head of the list in acreage. A little later, pork became the leading product, and furnished the greater revenue to the farming community. It should be noticed here that horticulture is among the leading industries. Both the soil and climate are admirably adapted to the culture of all kinds of fruit. Hydrography —On account of most of the surface being more or less undulating, the natural drainage of the county is necessarily good. The main water-course is the Bonpas, extending along the entire eastern boundary. In an early day,it formed a means of transit for many of the products of Edwards and Wabash counties. Flat boats have been floated down this creek from as far north as west Salem; and in about 1840, as many as twenty boats, within a year, have passed through the Bonpas, and thence down the Wabash and other rivers to the southern markets. The other streams of lesser note are the little Wabash in the northwest, Big creek in the southwest, French creek in the south, and Bear creek in Shelby precinct. The latter discharges its waters into the little Wabash. Sugar creek, and the head waters of Fox river are also important factors of the drainage system in the northwest part of the county. One point that the farmers of Edwards have , not fully realized the value of, is that of surface drain- age by tiling. Experience has taught those who have tried it, that it matters not how much nature may have done in the way of draining the soil, if one would reap the greatest benefits from the farm, he must have it well underlayed with tile, which has the effect of keeping the surface porous, warm, and alive. There is but little if any land in the county not susceptible of improvement, and fine farms and farm buildings are seen on every hand, forming a picture pleasant to behold. LAWRENCE COUNTY was organized in 1821, and was originally a part of Edwards. It embraces an area of upwards of 280 square miles, or 183,526 acres. The following is taken from the assessor's report for 1882. Acres of wheat, 40,118; corn, 36,046 ; oats, 5,903; meadow, 10,596; other prod- ucts, 2,443. Acres inclosed in pasture, 24,076; in or- HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 47 chard, 2,516; of woodland, 61,533, showing a total of 183,526 acres. The county is bounded on the north by Crawford county, on the east by the Wabash river, south by Wabash county, and west by Richland county. It lies nearly equidistant from St Louis and Indianapolis, the distance being about one hundred and twenty-five miles, and forms one of the eastern tier of the counties. The Population is composed of various nationalities, and according to the census of 1880, was numbered 13,633. The county is divided into nine townships, viz.,_ Christy, Lawrence, Allison, Denison, Lukin, Bridgeport, Petty, Bond, and Russell. Lawrenceville, the county seat, is situated on or near the west shore of the Embarras river, and is centrally located. The Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific railway extends through its territory from north to south, and the Ohio and Mississippi road passes about three-fourths of a mile south of town. Land Surface-—The greater portion of the county was originally covered with heavy timber, though there are a few small prairies in the south and northwest. The surface is generally rolling, but in no part is it sufficiently@broken to be unfit for cultivation. The ele- vation above the water courses, is nowhere very great; on the uplands its altitude will range from fifty to one hundred feet. The most elevated lands are the Perkin’s hills, situated in the north part of Christy’s township. Drainage and Climate—The principal water courses, besides the Wabash, are the Embarras river, traversing the northeast with its affuents, Brushy Fork and Indian creek, which drain the north and central portion, and Raccoon creek and the eastern fork of the Bonpas, which drain the south. East of Lawrenceville, and situated between the Embarras and Wabash rivers, there is an extensive marsh from to two to four miles in width, and about ten miles in length, calleé Purgatory swamp. On the east and north of this low belt, there is quite an area of bottom prairie; the northern or upper portion is known as Allison’s prairie, and the lower por- tion as Russellville prairie. The climate is healthful and pleasant, being a happy medium between the extremes of heat and cold, and thus well adapted to the culture of fruits and the various kinds of cereals. Soil and Timber.—The Wabash and Embarras rivers are skirted with broad alluvial bottoms and level table lands, ranging from two to four miles in extent. Some portions of the latter are quite sandy, and consti- tute the terrace prairies between the Wabash and Pur- gatory swamp. During the seasons of high water, this portion of the county is more or less inundated; the cultivation of the land is thus impeded, and the farms are therefore of less value in the market. ‘The uplands are generally rolling, and in a state of nature, were heavily timbered, though at this time much of the land has been brought under a good state of cultivation. The principal products are: wheat, barley, corn, oats, “and the grasses. Perennial Springs and artificial mounds are found in different parts of the county. At the foot of the Perkin’s hills there are several of these springs, that furnish an abundance of excellent water. J.C. Foster, who resides in section 27, Petty township, utilizes them by convey- ing the water through pipes to his house and farm, situ- ated one-half mile away. One of these springs forms quite a branch, and when united with the wa er that flows from the surrounding springs, the discharge is borne away into Paul’s creek. At what was known sev- eral years ago as the “clay-banks,”’ east of the Embarras, in Lawrence township, there are also numerous springs, besides several Indian: mounds, relics of a pre-historic race; by excavating, it is found that the earth forming these mounds is of an entirely different composition to that of the land surrounding them, proving beyond question that the mound-builders once inhabited this region. E WABASH COUNTY. Was created in 1824, having formed a part of the great territory of Edwards county, and received its name from the river washing its eastern boundary. In area, number of population, and products, it closely re- sembles the present county of Edwards, being bounded as follows: on the north by Lawrence and Richland counties ; on the east and south by the Wabash river ; and west by Edwards county, Bon pas creek forming the boundary line between the two counties. It has an area of upwards of 140,000 acres of land, about half of which is under cultivation. The general outline of the county is in the form of a V; its greatest length from north to south is twenty-two miles, and from east to west, sixteen miles. It embraces two full, and thirteen fractional parts of congressional townships, and is divided for political purposes into seven voting precincts, known as Wabash, Friendsville, Lancaster, Lick Prairie, Bellmont, Mt. Carmel, and Coffee. Population According to the census of 1880, the population of the county numbered 9,908, composed of persons of English, German, Irish, French, and African descent; the English element largely predominating. Mt. Carmel, the county seat, situated on the Wabash river, is the largest town, having a population of 2,040 in 1880. Bellmont, next in size, numbered 350; Allen- dale, 290. Topography.—The surface of the country is somewhat varied, and for general description may be readily divi- ded into the uplands and the bottoms; the former con- stitute about two-thirds of the area. By looking on the map of Wabash county, it will be seen that the territory is nearly included or surrounded by two considerable water courses, the Wabash river and Bonpas creek ; each of these streams are embraced by a large body of bottom land, including nearly one-third the area of the county- These uplands are more or less undulating, while there are small areas of rather flat timbered land above the level of the river bottoms, forming a second bottom or terrace land. At Mt. Carmel there are quite prominent 48 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. bluffs, the city being situated about one hundred and forty feet above the level of the river. Hydrography.—The county is well supplied with water courses, the whole eastern and southern boundaries being washed by the Wabash, and the entire western portion drained by Bonpas creek and its tributaries. Raccoon creek empties into the Wabash from the northeast, and the Little Bonpas discharges its waters into the Bonpas from the northwest. Besides the foregoing, there are several smaller branches, the principal of which are: Coffee, Greathouse, Crawfish, and Jordan creeks. Soil and Agricultwre.—In the vicinity of the Wabash bluffs the clayey soil peculiar to the uplands is modified by the sandy marls of the Loess upon which it rests; yet these soils are quick and productive, yielding large crops of all the cereals cultivated in this climate. The soil of the uplands is of a chocolate-colored clay loam, similar in all respects to the upland soil of Edwards county, and itis upon this land that the best quality of wheat. is produced. In a state of nature it was but meagerly covered with timber, and was therefore not considered valuable, but by good cultivation it has been found to be, fur certain agricultural purposes, the best land in the county. The bottom lands along the Wabash and Bonpas are tracts of heavy timber, the land being a deep alluvial soil, with sandy subsoil; when cleared and placed under good cultivation, it is the most productive land in the county, yielding most bountiful crops of maize, oats, and graszes. Transportation Facilities—The first means employed for transportation of the surplus products of this part of the country were rafts and rudely-constructed flat-boats, on the Wabash, along the eastern boundary of the then Edwards county. The first steamboat that navigated the Wabash as far north as Mt. Carmel was the ‘“* Commerce,” in about1819. It came from Cincinnati, and was comman- ded by Jacob Strader ; its farthest passage north w-s to Terre Haute. Only now and then did steamers navigate the Wabash, until 1832, when steam-boating on the river was conducted with much regularity. Prior to this, one boat during the year was about the extent of steam navigation. From 1832 until 1856 the river traffic was quite active, but as soon as the railroads commenced op-. erations, the business fell off, the railroads having almost the entire monopoly as common carriers. Railroads.—Railroading is comparatively a new in- dustry ; many centuries have added their contributions to science, yet during only about fifty years have rail- roads been known. Scientists of all ages have grappled with the various problems of government and _ political econoniy, social life, and questions of demand and supply, and left the records of their labors for our instruction ; the accumulated wisdom of centuries furnishes much material from whence we can draw such knowledge, but railroads are institutions of to-day—this is the “Iron Age,” wherein distance is virtually wiped out and “ push” has become the watch-word of the nineteenth century. The first railway constructed in the Mississippi valley was in 1837, and was known as the Illinois and St. Louis railroad; it was built by Governor Reynolds, Vital Jarrot and a few others, and extended from the Missis- sippi bluffs on the east, at the old town of Pittsburg, to East St. Louis—a distance of abuut six miles, It was constructed with a wooden rail, and the cars were moved by horse-power. It was only used for conveying coal from the mines at Pittsburg to the St. Louis markets. In 1837, under the popularly so-called Internal Im- provement scheme of Illinois, grading was commenced from Mt. Carmel, in Wabash county, westward, ‘simul- taneously with like work from Alton, eastward, along the proposed line of the Illinois Southern cross road, which recognized Alton and Mt. Carmel as its termini, by Messrs. Bonham, Shannon, and Goforth, who had the contract from Mt. Carmel to Albion. They subse- quently associated with themselves in this work John Brisenden, Sr. They employed in all nearly four hundred hands. West from Albion, and in the limits of Edwards county, like work was done under a contract let to Messrs. Halland Kinner. The grading of near twenty miles of road was com- pleted in 1839, and then the work was dropped. On the third of June, 1849, under act of the Legislature of the preceding session, the roadway was sold to the high- est bidder. General William Pickering bought it for the insignificant sum of three hundred dollars. It was not until 1871 that the property again attracted atten- tion, and became the route of the present Air Line. In February, 1872,'the first train crossed the Little Wabash into Edwards county, and a few weeks after- wards they were running into Albion, the county seat. W hat wonderful progress has been made in railroad fa- cilities and transportation since that time. In all parts of our land may now be heard the shrill whistle of the iron horse, but Illinois, the great Prairie State, leads the van in the number*of miles of rail in this age of improvement. Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific, more widely and com- mouly known as ‘The Wabash,” has a greater nutober of miles of track in these counties than any other railroad. Through a system of consolidation, unpar- alleled in America, it has become the giant among railroads. This consolidation, it is estimated, has added over $50,000,000 to the value of bonds and shares of the various companies now incorporated in the Wabash sys- tem. The road takes its title from the river which forms the eastern boundaries of Lawrence and Wabash counties. The road extended through the above counties is now a part of the great Wabash system The follow: ing isa brief history of this branch of the road. The northern portion was first known as the Paris and Dan- ville road, and was chartered March 23, 1869. It was put in operation from Danville to Paris, Illinois, in Sep- tember, 1872; from Danville to Robinson, August, 1875; from Danville to the Ohio and Mississippi junc- tion, May, 1876. It commenced running passenger trains to Vincennes, over the O. & M. railway track in May, 1876; commenced running freight trains from the HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. O. & M. Junction to St. Francisville, over the St. F. & L. road, in April 1880, and commenced running all trains into Danville, over the Wabash railway track, from Tilton Junction to Danville, August 1, 1879. In August, 1875, a receiver was appointed, it operating un- der said management until June, 1879. October of the same year it passed into the hands of the Danville and Southwestern Railroad Company. The southern portion of this branch of the road, now inthe hands of the Wa- bash, was originally called the Cairo and Vincennes rail- road, and was organized under an act of the General Assembly of Illinois, approved March 6, 1867, which was amended by act approved February 9, 1869, grant- ing further powers to the corporation. The main line from Cairo to Vincennes, was opened for business De- cember 26, 1872. It was subsequently sold—1880. A traffic agreement between the purchasers and the D. & 8. and St. F. & L. railways, was entered into May 1, 1880, for operation of the St. F. & L. railroad, extending from St. Francisville, on the C. & V. road, to ajunction with the D. & S. railway at Lawrenceville, a distance often miles. This was the status of these roads until within the last eighteen months the roads have been consolidated, and become a part of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific system. In the three counties it con- tains more than fifty miles of main track, passing through the towns of Grayville, Mt. Carmel, St. Francisville and Lawrenceville, besides several smaller towns. Ohio and Mississippi.—This road extends from east to west nearly on an air line through the central part of Lawrence county, passing through Allison, Lawrence, Bridgeport and Christy township. The principal stations are Summer and Bridgeport. In 1848 the Legislature, of Indiana, passed an act in- corporating the Ohio and Mississippi railroad, empow- ering it to locate, construct and maintain a road leading from Lawrenceburg, on the Ohio river, to Vincennes, on the Wabash, and contemplating an eastern extension to Cincinnati, Ohio, and a western arm to East St. Louis, as soon as the States of Ohio and Illinois would grant the right-of-way. In 1849 the Ohio Legislature, and in 1851 the Illinois Legislature extended the contemplated aid by acts of their respective bodies, and in 1857, the entire length of the road was opened through for busi- ness. The panic of that year greatly affected the pros- perity of the road, so that in 1858, creditors brought suit for foreclosure of mortgages and sale of property, pending which, a receiver was appointed, under whose directions the road was maintained until its reorganiza- tion was effected. Parties desiring the establishment of the road on a firmer basis bought largely of its stock, organized a new company, and held control until 1874, when it again became embarrassed, and after much liti- gation, was placed in the hands of a receiver, John King, Jr., vice president of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, acting in- that capacity. Under its present management, the road has been put in excellent condi- 7 49 tion; the credit of the company has been maintained, and the floating debt has been materially reduced. Louisville, Evansville and St. Louis.—This railroad ex- tends across the counties of Edwards and Wabash, nearly central from west to east, the principal stations being Albion, Browns, (cr ) Bellmont, and Mt. Carmel. The length of track in the counties is estimated to be, includ- ing sidings, about twenty-five miles. It is the consoli- dation of two divisions of road, known as the Indiana and Illinois divisions. This was among the first con- templated railroads in the State of Illinois, and first borethe name of the Alton, Mt. Carmel, and New Al- bany Railroad Company. It first presented itself in 1857, and the county of Edwards took steps toward ap- propriating their swamp lands to aid in constructing the road. About this time a portion of the road-bed was made, but for the lack of funds and co-operation, on the part of the company, the road was abandoned. It is said that General Pickering came into possession of it at one time for the sum of a few hundred dollars. The Indiana division was organized under the general laws of the State, February 4, 1869, by the name of the New Albany and St. Louis Air Line Railroad Company, and on the first of July, 1870, its name was changed to the Louisville, New Albany and St. Louis Air Line Railroad Company. The Illinois division was organized July 14, 1869, under a special act, and known’ as the St. Louis, Mt. Carmel and New Albany Railroad Com- pany. Said two companies were consolidated July 24, 1872, under the name of the Louisville, New Albany and St. Louis Railroad Company. Both divisions were subsequently sold under foreclosure. They again reor- ganized, the Indiana division in February, 1877, under the name cf the Louisville, New Albany and St. Louis Railroad Company. The Illinois division reorganized in January, 1873, by the name of the St. Louis, Mt. Carmel and New Albany Railroad Company. August 15, 1878, these companies again consolidated under the name of the Louisville, New Albany and St. Louis Rail- road Company, At this writing it is called the Louis- ville, Evansville and St. Louis Railroad Company, which name it assumed about eighteen months ago, but is more familiarly known as the Air Line Railway. Peoria, Decatur and Evansville—This road extends through Edwards county from north to south, passing through the towns of West Salem, Browns and Grayville. It has a length of track in the county, including switches, of about twenty-eight miles. The history of this road is briefly as follows: About the year 1867, the Pekin, Lincoln and Decatur Railroad Company was organized. eS eek 0 10 ae Olay -Shal@ace Gora ewoa oo « @¢ 248 0 8 4. Brash soil . ei SB by ates toy VaR, > Satie Sete 010 5. Shale with bands ofironore..... 2... eee 4 6. Gray sandy shale . ‘ th a aay a a 6 7. Iron conglomerate... .. é ‘ z The shale of No. 5 of the above contains considerable clay iron ore of fair quality, amounting to nearly one- half the thickness of the bed. If the quantity of iron in this shale should prove continuous for some distance into the bluff, it would, perhaps, justify the establishing an iron furnace in the vicinity. About a mile further up the river, at another ford, the same outcropping of coal may be seen. Thisis found in connection with a thin bed of nodular argillaceous limestone of a light gray color, turning to a yellowish-brown when exposed to the weather. The following section may be found on the northwest qr. of section 22, T. 18., R.10 E, about five miles northwest of Albion. Feet, In. Sandy shale and thin-bedded micacious sandstone . 10 to 12 BiCUMinoUsSliales. oa5 68 ~ Sc Bide Ge Goat avery epee Ataentes 1 BlU@ Mh: i gl gk ee RR RE ae 107 The following section at Beal’s mill on Blockhouse creek, in the east part of the county, is reported by Prof. Cox: Feet. In. DERG aise wh Seca Ge ORAM a aid echa 5 Gray shale with clayironore. ....... 12 BiliciOUS iON). ce ee a we A Ow ee 1 Blue argillaceousshale.. 2... 0 1. eee ee 5 Black bituminous shale ...... i ch 6 Impure limestone... 01. Jee ee ee 0 6 Coal in the bed of the creek... ........04. 0 8 All the beds represented by the foregoing sections belong between coals Nos. 10 and 13, and do not attain an aggregate thickness to exceed two hundred feet. WABASH COUNTY. _ The geological formations of this county belong to the Quaternary and upper Coal Measures. The former is more fully developed along the bluffs of the Wabash than elsewhere, and consist of the buff and yellow marly sands and clays of the Loess, and a moderate thickness of the gravelly clays of the Drift formation, In the vicinity of Grayville, and in some of the valleys of the smaller streams, stratified clays appear at the lowest levels known, which may belong to an older de posit than the Drift. A heavy bed of this kind is re- ported to have been passed through in boring southwest of Mt. Carmel, but it was found to be overlaid with sandstone, and as no rock of this kind is known in the county of more recent age than the Coal Measures, the theory is placed in the scale of doubt. It is not impro- bable, however, that there are valleys along the Wabash, as well as the Mississippi and Ohio, that were filled, originally, with Tertiary or Cretaceous deposits, some of which still remain, and are now hidden by the more recent accumulations of Loess and Drift. For more than two hundred miles above St. Louis, evidences may be found to verify this theory. Indications of the exis- tence of such beds have been found on the Ohio as far north as Louisville, and on the Mississippi as above stated. The reported sandstone above the clay in the boring for coal, is most probably a/ Coal Measure bed, and the clay beneath it may be a soft clay shale of the same age. At Mt. Carmel the loess and/drift clays are about thirty feet in thickness, being about the average depth in the vicinity of the river bluffs, while on the uplands, remote from the river, their average thickness is not more than fifteen or twenty feet) and at points, much less. In Edwards county, the Quaternary beds present the same general character, and aré considerably thicker in the bluffs on the lower course of the Bonpas, than in the central and western portions of the\gounty, where is found from ten to twenty feet of buffor brawnish gravel- ly clays overlying the bed rock. Near the town of ” Grayville, the creek banks show outcrops of five to ten feet of stratified clays of various colors, and seemingly derived from the decomposition of the clay shales of the Coal Measures, and above these are found twenty to thirty feet of loess, covering, possibly, a nucleus of gravelly drift clay. To the north and west the loess is not conspicuous, and in well-digging, the bedrock is found after passing through ten or fifteen feet of brown drift clays. ‘ Coal Measures.—In the bluffs of the Wabash, at Mt. Carmel, there is an outcrop of sandstone forming the lower portion of the bluff, underlaid by a blue clay shale, but partially exposed. Feet. DOCG ANA COUP CRs 2a ae hk REDS EE SR REDE SSS 30 Soft, shaly, micaceous sandstone ....0 1. eee ees 13 Massive sandstone, partly concretionary ........+. 420 Blue clay shale, partial exposure... . 2. eee eee 3 to 6 Springs of water issue from the base of this sandstone, indicating the impervious character of the underlying beds. The base of the above section is some fifteen or twenty feet above the low water level of the river, and the intervening beds of which are probably shales, are not exposed. The following table of beds passed through in boring for coal was given to the State Geologist by Mr. J. Zimmerman. The bore was commenced just above the low water level of the river, and about fifteen feet below the base of the foregoing section. Feet. In. No. 1. Shale... . 2 No: 2. ‘Sandstone: «ovis, esi ot aw @ we @ 2 No. 3. Clay shale ss <4 2 6 «ea .4 No. 4. Sandstone ... ar s3 . 35 No. 5. Micaceous sandstone. ..... - 0 10 No. 6. Hard, fine sandstone... . 2.2... 4 No. %. Firecclay? new ewe 1 No. 8. Coal and bitumiuous shale . -0 4 No. 9. Fireclay... 1. 9 No. 10. Argillaceous sandstone . aie No. 11. Blue shale 1 4 No. 12. Fire clay . ‘ 3 10 No. 13. Cale. shale and sandstone . 3 po No, 14. Cale. shale, with black streaks... 20 No. 15. Blue clay shale . 36 No. 16. Blue fire clay... 4 No. 17. Coal . s 0 No. 18. Fireclay. ...... ‘ 3 No. 19. Argillaceous limestone. . oe No. 20. Hard sandstone, pasting. . 0 1 No. 2!. Hard gray limestone . 2 No. 22. Hard gray limestone. . 1 No. 23. Very hard limestone. . 2 No, 24. Caleareous shale . 1 No. 25. Band of ironstone . 0 No. 26. Variegated shale . 2 1 0 2 No. 27. Hard gray limestone. ... 3 No. 28. Variegatedshale.. 2.2... 0 2 www ee 3 No. 29. Hard gray limestone. .....-+...- cr diabaiad 4 No. 30. Variegated shale. . 2.2... ee eee eae 0 3 No. 31. Hard gray limestone... 6... 2. eee eee 8 8 18) 8 This boring was commenced near the horizon of No. 11 coal, avd the beds passed thorough probably extend nearly to No. 7. The following is the report of a well sunk for oil, one mile and a half southwest of the court- house, commencing in a creek valley: HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 52 * Feet. In. No. 1. Soil, clay, ete... . x. GS a No. 2. Sandstone. .... fy : eo we ie No. 3. Clay? .... . vee AD No. 4. Sandstone . eee wR 2 No. 5. Bituminous shale . - 32 No. 6. Sandstone . 1 6 No. 7. Bituminous shale. -10 6 No. 8. Sandstone..... 2 No. 9. Bituminous shale . 5 No. 10. Sandstone . 3 No. 11. Bituminous shale . 4 No. 12. Sandstone . 1 4 No. 13. Bituminous shale, ‘anew git soot . 5 No. 14. Sandstone . . 13 No. 15. Very hard limestone... . 24 No. 16. Bituminous shale. .. .....0. 8 No. 17. Sandstone. 2. ee 2 No. 18. Coal No. 9. 2 No, 19. Limestone 5 No. 20. Shale” 3 No. 21. Sandstone . 2 No. 22. Mixture of sand and liniestonee 8 No. 23. Yellow shale . eee 4 No. 24. Sandstone. . . ad ym alg No. 25. Clay shale, nae: pyrite. . 26s -12 ~ No. 26. Sandstone . os 4 15 No. 27. Bituminous shale.. .. . .. - 6 No. 28. Sandy shale... . Sin as = «10 No. 29. Sandstone . . 60 No. 30. Micacious sandstone -10 No. 31. Coal, No. 7. ? 3 No. 32. Bituminous shale . .12 No. 34. Compact limestone . 8 No. 35. Bituminous shale . 7 No. 39. Lime and sandstone. 2 No. 40. Bituminous shale . 5 482 4 By comparing this section, with that made for the coal, it will be seen that there is a wide discrepancy in the descriptions given of the strata passed through in each. Theoil well boring, was sunk to the depth of about seven hundred feet, yet no coal was reported below the three foot seam found at the depth of four hundred and fifty-five feet, which probably repr. sents coal No. 7 or 8 of the general section. The sandstone No. 2 of the oil well boring may be the same as No. 4 in the other, but there is very little correspondence in the lower strata, considering that the distance between the two points is scarcely two miles. A few miles northeast of Mt. Carmel, at Hanging-rock, there is an outcrop of massive sandstone similar to that at the town, which projects into the bed of the river at low water, and rises above it to the height of 35 feet. An abandoned coal shaft, about three miles southwest of Mt. Carmel, on Mr. Simond’s place, was reported to have a seam of coal averaging three feet in thickness, and located from 30 to 35 feet below the surface. The following is the reported section : Ft. In, Drift clay and soil . f we « J © Argillaceous Shale . 30 Limestone . . 0 6 Coal. e “8 The fllowties is eal by Prof. Cox: “On sec. 5, tp. 10, range 12, there is a bed of light blue clay, very plastic, exposed in the bank of Crawfish creck, as the following section shows : Ft. In. Soil, calcareous shale and limestone . a Coal... 28 0 8 Blue Clay... 4 Sandstone in the bed of the wigele, nL" Him Sons ? At Mr. Reed's place, on section 8, tp. 15S., range 12, blue limestone at the foot of the hill, one foot thick, un- derlaid by a thin coal. Bluish shale and sandstone is found in the hill, forty feet above. The well at the house passed through soil and drift ten feet, clay shale four feet, sandstone twenty-nine feet. At Little Rock, on the Wabash, sec. 19, tp. 1 N., range 11 W.: Ft. Shale and covered slope... . r 80 Sandstone, solid bed . ‘ 30 The sandstone of this section is protiably the same strata as that found at St. Francisville, in Lawrence county. The following beds, one mile and a quarter north of Friendsville, are reported by the state geologist from memoranda furnished by Mr. J. Zimmerman : Ft. In. Soil and clay. wg i : 18 Impure coal—prohably bi tuminous shale hes ey Clay shale, with iron nodules... 3 Hard sandston@.. #4 wien ee Bees 0 8 Gray sandstone, in even eds: four to eightinchesthick 15 Sandy shales. 8 oe % TL Hard sandstone in two LapeERis Gg Og 2 8 Dark bituminous shale . 3 Coal, said to be good . Ss Gy ied 2 The above section is made from the sinking of Mr. MecNair’s well. Another well sunk in the same neigh- borhood, after reaching the same strata of coal, a boring of nine feet below the coal was made, when a material of milk-white substance resembling fire-clay was ob- tained. The following section is reported at Hamiker’s old mill on the Bonpas, a little north of west from Allen- dale: ‘ Feet. Soft, thin-bedded sandstone and shales . Se @ og 1D Ferruginous conglomerate 3to4 Hard black shale 2to3 No coal is reported as laying ‘Geeks Since the last report was made by the state geologist a shaft has been sunk about five miles west from Mt. Carmel, on the Air Line railway. The depth of shaft is forty feet, and the thickness of the vein is four feet. Through the kindness of Mr. J. Zimmerman, who is one of the Coal Company and a practical geologist, we are furnished the following interesting facts relating to the coal deposits in Wabash county. He says: “In addition to the coal seam above mentioned, there are others which indicate a possible great future for the mining interests of the county whenever energy, enter- prise and capital shall be directed to their development. An outerop of twenty inehes of coal (one half cannel- splint, the residue cubical), a short distance below the Wabash railway crosing at Sugar creek, thickens up within a half mile westward, to forty-two inches. This seam underlies most of the county, but the dip of rocks being in that vicinity twenty-eight feet per mile south- westward, it will be found only at considerable depths over most of the county. A boring for petroleum, fear Mt. Carmel, commenced geologically below both these seams, disclosed at a depth of 420 feet, a seam of three HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 53 feet thickness, and at 569 feet a seam of coal twelve feet in thickness. In same boring, at 325 feet, salt water was found, and another stratum of the same, a short distance above the twelve feet vein of coal. It has been flowing ever since.” ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. Coal.—From the state geological survey we glean the following: The upper coal seam in the Coffee creek section was the only outcrop in either of the fore. going counties that promised. to be of value for practical coal mining. The coal in this seam ranges from thirty inches to three feet in thickness, and probably underlies a considerable portion of the south part of Wabash county and the southwestern part of Edwards. Sev- eral shafts have been sunk about three miles south. west of Mt. Carmel, where coal was obtained from thirty to thirty-five feet below the surface. This coal strata affords a hard, splinty or semi-block coal of fair quality. The roof seems to be good, and if the thickness of the vein should prove to be uniform, there is no reason why it might not be sucessfully mined. This is probably the same vein worked in the southeast part of Edwards county several years since, for the supply of Albion and adjacent region. To reach No. 7, the lower seam, a depth of probably from two to three hundred feet will have to be attained. Although these counties have not developed this vein, time will undoubtedly prove that it can be made a paying investment. Building Stone —As indicated in the sections hereto- fore given, it will be seen that a fair quality of building stone may be obtained from the sandstone outcropping in various portions of these counties. The best is pro- bably that from the even-bedded sandstone above No. 11 coal, that is found in the central and northern portion of Edwards and north and northwest of Wabash. In the latter county, in the vicinity of Oriole, quarries have been opened where a good, evenly-bedded rock is ob- tained, the thin layer affording a good flag-stone, and the thicker beds utilized for foundation walls, etc. This ledge probably underlies all the highlands and ridges in the northwest part of the county. These will be de- veloped as the demand for building-stone increases. The ledge in the river bed at Rochester has been but slightly quarried, and at Walden’s place quarries have been worked between this place and Mt. Carmel, where a fair quality of sandstone has been obtained from a bed that, in appearance, resembles the ledge in the Mt. Carmel bluff. Sandstone of a fair quality is obtained at several points in the vicinity cf Albion, some of which is con- cretationary and very hard, yielding a durable stone. No lime-stone suitable for building purposes is found in either county, although that obtained at Rochester Mills, and at Mr. Reel’s place, north of Mt. Carmel, has been used to some extent in the neighborhood of the outcrops. Iron Ore.—Bands of Argillaceous iron ore are found disseminated more or less throughout many of the shale =~ beds, in these counties, but in such limited quantities that it can prove of but little value. Eight miles north- west of Albion, at the ford, on the 8. W. qu. of Sec. 7, T.18., R. 10 E. there is a better showing for this ore than found elsewhere in this region. The shale bed is four feet thick, and about one-half of this thickness isa clay iron ore of a fair quality. At the foot of the bluff several tons of ore may be collected from the debris, where it has been washed out of the shale by the river current. Twenty inches of coal of fair quality overlies ferruginous shale. Potter’s Clay is found iw the bank of Greathouse creek, near Mt. Carmel. This is said to be of fair quality, and could be worked with success. Good. brick clay is abundant in nearly all localities, while sand suitable for all building purposes is found in the river bluffs and creek valleys. LAWRENCE COUNTY. This county contains an area of about three hundred and sixty-two square miles‘ The surface is generally rolling, and is thus well prepared for natural drainage. Originally it was mainly covered with heavy timbers, interspersed here and there with small prairie belts. The elevation above the water courses is nowhere very great, the uplands ranging from fifty to about a hundred feet in altitude. Loess and Drift.— At various places along the Wahash river may be found beds of brown clay and yellowish marly sands, averaging from ten to twenty fret in thick- ness. These probably represent the age of the Loess. They are underlaid by gravelly clays intermingled with small boulders, ranging in size from an inch to a foot or more in diameter. Away from the river bluffs, on the uplands, there may be found these gravelly clays from fifteen to twenty feet above the bed rock; and in sink- ing wells, especially in the northern portions of the county, a sufficient supply of water can only be reached by goicg from ten to upwards of forty feet below the Drift clays into the shales or sandstone beneath. In the vicinity of Lawrenceville there is usually from five to six feet of brown gravelly clay resting upon the bed rock; but before reaching this you pass through a strata of brown or buff-colored clay, quite free from gravel, and about twelve feet in thickness. Stratified Rocks —All the formations that outcrop in this county below the superficial deposits heretofore mentioned, belong to the upper Coal Measure, and in- clude a vertical thickness not to exceed two hundred feet. At St. Francisville, on the Wabash, there appears an outcrop of massive gray sandstone, which is believed to be the same as that found in Wabash county, at Hanging-rock bluff, and is the lowest rock seen in this county. The section here is as follows : Feet. Shale, «0.4 @ ¢ * z os See larae 8 Impure iron ore.... . oe BS 4s a Thin-bedded sandstone and sandyshale. ..... 16 Massive gray sandstone. . i + 20 to 25 Unexposed toriver level. . - 10to13 54 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. On the Embarras river, just below the dam at Law- renceville, may be found the following section : Feet, Brown and bluish-gray argillaceousShale. . ... . 10 to 12 Bituminous and partly calcareous shale with bands of iron ore and numerous fossils . 4to5 Black slaty shale. ... . oe 4 3 to 5 Dark gray limestone in river bed . 2.4% se 1 A repetition of the above section is found two miles east of Lawrenceville, but the bluff is much higher and a larger thickness of strata is exposed, giving the follow- ing section : Feet. Micacious sandstone andshale. 7..... ». . 20 to 25 Bluish-gray calcareous oe with iron bands and FOSS eee 2a BS 4 Kaew Hae 4 to 6 Black Jaminated shale, spit concretions HOF black lime- SONG» ate eae ile ee ea Ww e-em SB war ee 4to5 Brittle dark-gray limestone . | € oA O65 4 114 to 2 Blue and brown shale, partly ar gillaceous and bitu- MIDOUS s goa & 44 Hae ERE 8 ~ . Wtolt4 Two wells were sunk on Mr. Plummer’s farm, in the 8. E. qr. of Sec. 25, T. 5 N., R. 12 west. The one near his house, passed through eighteen inches of coal at a depth of eighteen feet. ‘The other, located a quart+r of a mile to the north, was sunk to the depth of forty-three feet, passing m: stly through sandstone and shale. At Mr. Porter's place, which adjoins Mr. Plummer’s on the south, a well was sunk to the depth of fifty-six feet, with the following showing : - Feet. Drift clay, soil,ete.. ..... 18 Sandstone. .... . a o 1l Blue shales, bitumingus at the bottom. . C ar ds i 27 The coal vein passed through in the well of Mr. Plummer must lay above the sandstone in the Porter well, which had probably been eroded away at that point by water currents during the Drift-epoch. Ata well half a mile west of Mr. Plummer’s, a bed of cel- lular iron ore occurs in the sandstone near its base, and was passed through in this well about sixteen feet below the surface. The iron ore was reported to be two feet thick in the well, but at the outcrop, a quarter of a mile away, its thickness was only about six inches. But fur its being so sandy it might be valuable for smelting pur- poses. In the bluffs of the Embarras river, on the N. W. qr. of Sec. 33, T. 5, R. 12, a massive sandstone exposure indicates the following section : Ft. In Massive sandstone . age, 1 Sy 8 to 10 Ferruginous conglomerate. ..... 2to3 Coal (probably local). 1. .... 0 8 Slope covered tothe river level. 8 .....4. 10 to 12 A hundred yards above where this section is visible, the sandstone continues down the river level without indications of coal. It is probable that the thin coal vein, just over the line in Crawford county, on Brushby creek, is of the same formation as the aboye, and as it is there from forty to fifty feet above the creek level, it indicates a westerly deflection of the strata equal to about six or seven fect to the mile. On the Embarras for some distance above this point, no rocks are known to outcrop, and below there is not much exposure be- tween this and the dam at Lawrenceville. On the south side of Indian creek, three miles south of Lawrenceville, and at several places in the neighbor- hood, a coal vein is found and worked sufficiently to supply the local demand for coal. The seam ranges from twelve to eighteen inches in thickness, and is mined by stripping along its outcrop in the banks of the small streams. The following sections and notes have been reported by Prof. Cox: At Leed’s quarry, on Indian creek, one mile west of St. Francisville road, is found the following section: Ft. In. Gray shale... .. Fi Lik ee ee Gees a So Carbonaceous shale... . yw ee OS 6 PSG ie. for och 2 eR aa Ke we 2 a BE GR 8 Sandstone, imevenbeds,..: «<4 5 eee va B This sandstone is suitable for good building stones, and was utilized in the br.dge abutments on Embarras river. On the north bank of the above river, at Shaker mill, the following section was found : Ft. Souena Drifie- sow a 8a bake om Weed 5 Thin bedded Sandstone, 2to 8inches. ..........4-. 8 Massive Sandstone. ... wey Se gin” Aes a ald Section on Indian creek, three miles south of Law. renceville : Ft. In. SOU SHE DMs sw 2 ea a es 5 Argillaceous shale, with iron bands. ... .... 25 Impure coal... at Ie ST Ns “Sp 8 Fire-clay and grey Males 4 © Bluish sandstone in bed of creek . tetas wae The approximate section of rocks out-cropping in the county is as follows: Ft. Brawn and gray sand: tone, the lower part in massive beds 60 10 75 Goal NOI. 4 we & « a - ltollg Shales, with bands of migilieousds iron ore. 30 to 35 Coal; INO AN: ge ee a ig ew Re Rw 5 Oto 1 Sandstone, top thin- padded and shaly, hottomn massive .. 301035 ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. Building Stone.—In the foregoing section both the sandstones afford building stone of fair quality for cer- tain purposes, and large quarries have been opened in the upper seam, in the vicinity of Summer, for the use of the Ohio and Mississippi railroad. Small quarries are operated in various localities in the northern and central part of the county. Leed’s quarry on Indian creek is probably in the lower bed, and the rock obtained there is in thin even beds, oe from four inches to a foot in thickness, The limestone at Tawraiegille, and at the bridge two miles east on the Embarras, is somewhat argillaceous, and, therefore, is not to be depended upon where it is subjected to the section of frost and moisture. This is the only limestone developed in the county, and is not adaped for either the lime-kiln or building purposes. Coal.—On account of the thinness of the seams of coal reached in the county, it can ouly be mined by stripping. It is a very good quality, but worked only in a small way. 55 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Just north of the county line in the edge of Crawford county, at Nettle’s coal mine, the vein is about 18 inches thick, and is overlaid by about a foot or more of hard bituminous shale resembling cannel coal. The man- ner of mining it is by tunnelling into the bank along the line of outcrop, but no permanant entry was constructed, and when work stopped the roof caved in and filled the opening so that a new entry was required as often asthe work was resumed. If the well sunk at Lawrenceville has been conducted by experts, and an exact record kept of strata passed through, the question would have been determined whether any thick vein of coal exists within four hun- dred feet of the surface, in the county. Nothing, how- ever, has been positively determined, further than the fact that two coal seams of uncertain thickness were found, one at a depth of about 340 and the other at 440 feet below the surface. It is evident that deep mining is the only means of obtaining this fuel to any great ex- tent within the limits of this county; and if the coal de- mand would justify reasonable expenditure in sinking deep shafts, fair returns might reasonably be expected. Iron Ore.—The shales intervening between coals 11 and 13 contain numerous bands of argillaceous iron ore, but are of little practical value. At the base of the upper sandstone a ferruginous bed is frequently met with, sometimes appearing as a conglomerate of iron nodules in sandstone. Ina well on section 25,T.5N., R. 12 W.., this conglomerate was reported to be two feet thick, aud consisted partly of a very good quality of brown hematite ore, but other portions were too much mixed to be of value for the production of iron. St 2=—- CHAPTER ¥. FLORA. LN speaking of the flora of these counties, it is not the purpose of this work to treat ex- haustively on the plants of the respective counties, but rather to give a list of the native trees and grasses found within their limits. “Mere catalogues of plants growing in any locality,” says a popular writer, “ might without a little reflection, be supposed to possess but little value ;”’ a supposition, however, which would be far from thetruth. The care- ful and intelligent husbandman looks at once to the native vegetation as a sure indication of the value of uncultivated lands. The kinds of timber growiog in a given locality will decide the qualities of soil for agri- cultural purposes. So too, the artisan in wood, will find what materials are at hand the best suited for his pur- poses. By the botanist, the state of Illinois is usually considered under three divisions; the heavily timbered regions of the south, the flora which is remarkable for its variety; the central portion, consisting mainly of prairie, and the northern section composed of both prairie and timber. Below we append a list of the native forest trees and shrubs of these counties. For this data we are indebted to theState report, the list of which was kindly furnished by Dr. J. Schenck of Mt. Carmel, Wabash county : Acer rubrum, L., red or swamp maple. Acer dasycarpum, Ehrhardt, white or sugar maple. Acer saccharinum, common sugur maple. Acer saccharinum, var nigrum, black sugar maple. Aesculus glabra, smooth or Ohio buckeye. Alnus serrulata, smooth alder. Amorpha fruticosa, fulse indigo. Asimina triloba, common paw paw. Betulalenta, cherry or sweet birch. Betula nigra, river or red birch, Carpinus Americana, ironwood; hornbeam, Carya oliveformis, pecan nut. Catalpa speciosa, Warder; Indian bean. Carya alba, shellbark or shagbark hickory. Carya microcarpa, small-fruited hickory. Carya Sulcata, Nutt.; Western shellbark, hickory. Carya tomentosa, mockernut; white-hearted hickory. Carya proeina, pignut or broom hickory. Carya amara, bitternut or swamp hickory. Celtis occidentalis, hickory ; sugarberry. Celtis Mississippiensis, Mis~issippi hackberry. Cephalanthus occidentali-, button bush. Cercis Canadensis, red-bud; Judas-tree. Cornus Florida, flowering dogwood. Cornus sericea, silky cornell; kinnikinnik. Cornus paniculata, panicled cornell. Corylus Americana, wild hazelnut. Corylus rostrata, beaked hazelnut. Crateegus tomentosa, black or pear thorn. Crateegus tomentosa var., Mollis. Crategus punctata, Jacq. Crateegus cordata Washington thorn, Crateegus Crus-galli, cockspur thorn. Diospyros Virginiana, common persimmon. Euonymus atropurpureus, burning-bush; wahoo. Euonymus Americanus, strawberry-bush. Fagus ferruginea, American beech. Fraxinus Americana, white ash. Fraxinus pubescens, red ash. Fraxinus viridis, green ash. Fraxinus quadrangulata, blue ash. Gleditschia triacanthos, honey-locust. Gleditschia monosperma, Walt; one-seeded or water locust. Gymnocladus Canadensis, coffee treé. Hydrangea arborescens, wild hydrangea. Hydrangea prolificum, shrubdy St. John’s wort. Ilex decidua, Walt. Juglans cinerea, butternut. Juglans nigra, black walnut. Juniperus communis, common juniper. Lindera Benjoin, spice-bush; Benjamin-bush. Liquidambar Styraciflua, sweet gum tree. Liriodendron Tulipifera, tulip-tree ; poplar. Morus ruha, red mulberry. Negundo aceroides, box-elder. Nyssa multiflora, black gum; tupelo. Ostrya Virginica, hop-hornbeam, leverwood. Platanus occidentalis, sycamore; plane-tree. Populus heterophylla, cottonwood; downy poplar. Populus monilifera, necklace poplar ; cottonwood. Populus tremuloides, American aspen. Prinos verticillata, black elder ; winterberry. Prunus Americana, wild yellow or red plum. Prunus insita, Bullace plum. Prunus serotina, wild black cherry. Pyrus coronaria, sweet-scented crab apple. Pyrus angu-tifolia. narrow-leaved crab apple. Ptelea trifoliata, wafer ash; shrubby trefoil. Quercus alba, white oak. Quercus stellata, Wang; post oak. Quercus macrocarpa, burr or overcup oak. Quercus macrocarpa, var. oliviformis; olive-fruited overcup oak. Quercus lyrata, Walt.; lyre-leaved oak. 56 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Quercus bicolor, var. Michauxii, Engelm ; large-fruited swamp oak. Quercus muhlenbergii, Engelm ; chestnut oak. Quercus tincto ia, black or tanner’s oak. Quercus coccinea, scarlet oalx. Quercus rubera, red oak. Quercus fuleata, Michaux; Spanish oak. Quercus palustris, pin or water oak. Quercus nigra, black-jack or barren oak. Quercus phellos, willow oak. Quercus imbricaria, laurel or shingle oak. Rhus tophina, staghorn sumach. Rhus glabra, smooth sumach. Rhus copallin, dwarf sumach. > Salix tristis, dwarf gray willow. Salix discolor, glaucous willow. Salix criocephala, wooly-hea:led willow. Salix petiolaris, long-stalked green osier. Salix nigra, black willow. Salix rigida, stiff-leaved willow. Sambucus Canadensis, common elder. Sassafras officinale, sassafras. Spiraea opulifolia, L., nine barks. Spiraea salicifola, L., meadow sweet. Staphylea trifolia, bladder nut. Symphoricarpus occidentalis, wolf or buckberry.* Symphoricarpus vulgaris, Indian currant. Taxodium distichum, American bald cypress. Tilia, American basswood; linden. Tilia heterophylia, white basswood. Ulmus fulva, slippery elm. Ulmus Americana, American or white elm. Ulmus alata, winged elm. Viburnum prunifolium, black haw. Viburoum nudum, white rod. Zanthoxylum American, prickly ash. The plants are many and rare, some for beauty, while others are most valuable for their medi«inal pro- perties. The pinkroot, the columbo, ginseng, boneset, pennyroyal, and others are utillized as herbs for me- dicine. Among the plants of beauty are phlox, the lily, the asclepias, the mints, golden rod, the eyebright, gerardia, and hundreds of other varieties which adorn the meadows, the timber, and the brook-sides; besides the above there are many varieties of the climbing and twining vines, such as the bitter-sweet, trumpet-creeper, woodbine, the clematis, the grape and others, which fill the woods with gay festoons, and add grace and beauty to many a decayed monarch of the forrest. GRASSES.- In speaking of these we purposely exclude the grain plants, and confine ourselves to those valuable grasses which are adapted tu the sustenance of the lower animals. Timothy grass or cat's tail, naturalized. Agrastus sulgaris, red top or herb grass. Muhlenhergia diffusa, numble will. Calumgrastis Canadensis, blne joint. Dactylis glomerata, orchard grass. Poa Pratensix, Kentucky blue grass. Poa Compressa, true blue grass. Festuca Elator, nieadow fescue. Bromus Leculinus, cheat chess; foreign. Phragmites Communis, the reed. Arundinaria Macrosperma, or cane. Solium Perenni, perennial ray grass. Anthoxanthum Odoratum, sweet-scented vernal grass. Phalaris Arundinacea, reed canary grass. Paspalum Setaceum. Panicum Sanguinale, crab grass, Panicum Glabrum, smooth panicum. Panicum Capillare, witch grass. Panicum crusgalli, barnyard grsss. Sctaria Glauca, foxtail. Setaria Viridis, bottle grass. Setaria Italica, millet. Andropogon Scoparius, brown-beard grass. In the above lists we have given the botanical as well as the common terms, believing such a course best to pursue in the study of plants, and more beneficial to the student or general reader. Some plants may have been omitted, yet we think the lists quite complete. 23 CHAPTER V1. FAUNA. F the ruminating animals that were indigenous to this territory, we had the American Elk (Cervus Canadensis), and still have the xa deer of two kinds; the more common, the well-known American deer (Cervus Virginianus), and the white-tailed deer (Cervus Leucurus). And ata pe- riod not very remote the American Buffalo (Bos Ameri- canus), must tave found pastures in this portion of the state. The heads, horns and bones of the slain animals were still numerous in 1820. The Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) were quite numerous even in the memory of the older settlers. Bears have been seen in the counties within the last thirty years. The Gray Wolf (Canis Occidentalis) and Prairie Wolf (Canis latrans) are not unfrequently found, as is also the Gray Fox (Vulper Virginianus), which still exists by its superior cunning. The Panther (Felis concolor) was occasionally met with in the earlier times, and still later and more common, . the Wild Cat (Lynx rufus). The Weasel, one or more species; the Mink (Putorius Vison); American Otter (Latra Canadensis) ; the Skunk (Mephitis Mephitica) ; the Badger (Taxidea Americana) ; the Raccoon (Pro- eyon Lotor); the Opossum (Didelphys Virginiana). The two latter species of animals are met with in every por- tion of the United States and the greater part of North America. The coon-skin, among the early settlers, was regarded as a legal tender. Of the Squirrel family we have the Fox, Gray, Flying, Ground and Prairie Squir- rel (Scirus Ludovicanus, Carolinensis, Volucella, Stria- tus and Spermaphilus). The Woodchuck (Arctomys Monax) ; the common Musk Rat ( Fiber Zibethicus). The Bats, Shrews and Moles are common. Of the muride we have the introduced species of Rats and Mice, as also the native Meadow Mouse, and the Long-tailed Jumping Mouse (Meriones Labradorus), frequently met with in the clearings. Of the Hare, the Lupus Sylvaticus (the so-called Rabbit) is very plentiful. Several species of the native animals have perished, being unable to endure the presence of civilization, or finding the food congenial to their tastes appropriated by stronger races. Many of the pleasures, dangers and excitements of the chase are only known and enjoyed by most of us of the present day through the talk and tradition of the past. The Buffalo and the Elk have passed the borders of the Mississippi to the westward, never more to return. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 57 Of Birds may be mentioned the following :* Among the Game Birds most sought after are the Meleagris Gallopavo (Wild Turkey), and Cupidonia Cupido (Prairie Hen), which afford excellent sport for the hunter and are quite plentiful; Pinnated Grouse (Bonasa Umbellus); Ruffled Grouse (Ortyx Virgini- anus) ; Quail (Philohela Minor); Woodcock (Gallinago Wilsonii) ; English Snipe (Macrorhamphus Griseus) ; Red-breasted Snipe (Gambetta Melanoleuca); Telltale Snipe (Gambetta Flavipes) ; Yellow Legs (Limosa Fe- doa); Marbled Godwit (Scolofax Fedoa, Wilson); Nu- menius Longirastris (Long-billed Curlew) ; Numenius Hudsonicus (Short-billed Curlew); Rallus Virginianus (Virginia Rail) ; Cygnus Americanus (American Swan); Cygnus Buccinator (Trumpeter Swan); Anser Hyper- boreus (Snow Goose); Bermicala Canadensis (Canada Goose); Bermicala Brenta (Brant); Anas Boschas (Mallard); Anas Obscura (Black Duck); Dafila Acuta (Pintail Duck); Nettion Carolinensis (Green-winged Teel) ; Querquedela discors (Blue-winged Teel) ; Spatula Clypeata (Shoveler); Mareca Americana (American Widgeon); Aix Sponsa (Summer, or Wood Duck) ; Aythaya Americana (Red-head Duck); Aythaya Val- lisneria (Canvass-back Duck) ; Bucephala Albeola (But- ter Ball) ; Lophodytes Cucculatus (Hooded Merganser) ; (Pelecanus erythrorhynchus), Rough-billed Pelican ; Colymbus torquatus), The Loon; (Aegialatis vociferus), Killdeer Plover; Ball Head, Yellow Legged and Up- land Plover; (Tantalus loculator), Wild Ibis, very rarely visit this locality; Herodus egretta), White Heron; “¢Ardea Herodus), Great Blue Heron ; (Botaurus Jenti- ginosus), Bittern; (Grus Canadensis), Sand Hill Crane ; (Ectopistes migratoria), Wild Pigeon; (Zenaidura Caro- linensis), Common Dove; (Corvus carnivorus), American “Raven; (Corvus Americanus), Common Crow; (Cyanu- rus cristatus), Blue Jay; (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), Bobo’link; (Agelaius phcenicians), Red-winged Black Bird; (Sturella magna), Meadow Lark ; (Icterus Balti- more), Golden Oriole; (Chrysometris tristis), Yellow Bird ; (Junco hyemalis), Snow Bird ; (Spizella Socialis), Chipping Sparrow; (Spizella pusilla), Field Sparrow ; (Melospiza palustris), Swamp Sparrow; (Cyanospiza cyanea), Indigo Bird; (Cardinalis Virginianus), Car- dinal Red Bird; (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), Cheewink ; (Sitta Carolinensis), White-bellied Nuthatch; (Mimus polyglottus), Mocking Bird; (Minus Carolinensis), Cat Bird ; (Harphorhynchus rufus), Brown Thrush; (Trog- lodytes sdon), House Wren; (Hirundo horreorum), Barn Swallow; (Cotyle riparia), Bank Swallow; (Progne purpurea), Blue Martin; (Ampellis cedrorum), Cedar Bird; (Pyrangra rubra), Scarlet Tanager ; (Pyrangra astiva), Summer Red Bird; (Tardus migratorius), Robin, came less than forty years ago; (Sialia Sialis), Blue Bird ; (Tyrannus Carolinensis), King Bird; (Sayornis fuscus), Pewee; (Ceryle alcyon), Belted Kingfisher ; (Antrostomus vociferus), Whippoorwill ; (Chordeiles * In the preceding mention of animals, both the scientific and common names are generally given for the convenience of the reader. 8 popetue), Night Hawk; (Cheetura pelasgia), Chimney Swallow; (Trochilus colubris), Ruby-throated Humming Bird ; (Picus villosus), Hairy Woodpecker ; (Picus pu- bescens), Downy Woodpecker ; (Melanerpes erythroce- -phalus), Red-headed Woodpecker ; (Colaptes auratus), Golden-winged Woodpecker; (Conurus Carolinensis), Carolina Parrot; (Bubo Virginianus), Great Horned O wl; Syrnium (nebulosum), barred owl; (Nyctea nivea), Snowy Owl; (Cathartes aura), Turkey Buzzard; (Falco colum- barium), Pigeon Hawk; Nauclerus furcatus), Swallow- tailed Hawk; (Icteria Mississippiensis), Mississippi Kite; (Buteo boroalis), Red-tailed Hawk; (Haliatus leucoce- . phalus), Bald Eagle; (Falco fulvius), Ring-tailed Eagle. We give the following classification of birds into three divisions, as found in the “ Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society” of 1876: 1st. Those of the greatest value to the fruit-growers in destroying noxious insects, and which should be encour- aged and fostered in every way. ‘Blue Birds, Tit-mice or Chicadees, Warblers, (small summer birds with pleasant notes, seen in trees and gardens), Swallows, Vuros, (small birds called green necks). All birds known as Woodpeckers except sap, Suckers (Picus varius). This bird is entirely injurious, as it is not insectivorous, but feeds on the inner bark cumbium (and the elaborated sap) of many species of trees, and may be known from other Woodpeckers, by its belly being yellowish, a large black patch on its breast, and the top of its head a dark bright red. The male have also a patch of the same on their throats and with the minor margins of the two central tail feathers white. This bird should not be mistaken for the two other most valuable birds which it nearly resembles, to wit: The Hairy Woodpecker (Picus Villiosii et vars) ; and the Doway Woodpecker, (Picus pubescens et vars). These two species have the outer tail feathers white—or barred with black—and have only a small patch of red on the back of the head of the males. The Yellow Hammer or Flecker (Colaptus auratus), is somewhat covered with yellow, and should not be mistaken for the sap-sucker. It isa much larger bird. The Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus); sometimes pecks into apples and devours cherries, and should be placed in the next division (2d). The Wren, Ground Robin (known as Cherwick), Meadow Lark, all the fly- catchers, the King Bird or bee-catcher, Whippoorwill, Night Hawk or Goat Sucker, Nut-hatcher, Pewee or Pewit. All the Blackbirds, Bobolinks, Finches (Frin- gillide), Quails, Song Sparrows, Scarlet Tanager, Black, White and Brown Creepers, Maryland Warblers, Indigo Birds, Chirping Sparrow, Black-throated Bunting, Thrushes, except those named in the next class, and all domestic fowls except geese. 2d. Birds of Doubtful Utility. Which include those which have beneficial qualities but which have also noxious and destructive qualities in the way of destroying fruits, and whose habits are not fully determined. Thus the Robin, Brown Thrush and 58 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Cat Bird are very valuable as cut-worm eaters, but also very obnoxious to the small] fruit growers. The Jay (Blue Jay) not only destructive to grain and fruits, but very noxious in the way of destroying the nest eggs and young of smaller and better birds, Robin, Brown Thrush aud Cat Bird, Shrike or Butcher Bird, Red-headed Woodpecker, Jay Bird or Blue Jay, Crow and the small Owls (Screech Owls), Pigeons and Mocking Bird. 3d. Birds that should be Exterminated. Sap-sucker, or Yellow bellied Woodpecker (see above), Baltimore Oriole, or Hanging Bird, Cedar Bird, or Wax-wings (Ampelis cedrorum), Hawks and the larger Owls. The names, and a carefully prepared list of the animals of a country, state, or county, are always of interest to the inhabitants, and especially so to the scientist and student of natural history. After inquiring into the political and civil history of a country, we then turn with pleasure to the investigation of its Natural History, and of the animals which inhabited it prior to the advent of man; their habits and the means of their subsistence become a study ; some were animals of prey, others were harmless, and subsisted upon the vegetable products of the country. The early animals of this part of the state ranged over a wide expanse of country, the habits of which will be fully found and set forth in all of our zoological treatises. oO CHAPTER VII. s PIONEERS AND EARLY SETTLERS. INCIDENTS AND ANECDOTES OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES. ie O rescue from oblivion the incidents of the past, 3 . and to preserve the names of the hardy few, Ize) who in fact were the real instruments of paving the way toward making the wild forests habitable, is one of the main objects of the historian. Ina little time the gray hairs of ihe pioneers, who still live as tottering monuments of the good old times, will be gathered to their fathers ; their children engrossed by the busy trans- actions of life, will neglect to treasure up the doings and recollections of the past, and posterity will search in vain for land-marks and memorials thereof. How necessary then that no time be lost in gathering. together the frag- ments of our infant history, which still exist, and thus rescue it from entire forgetfulness. A little less than three-quarters of a century ago this beautiful country was in a state of nature, and the only inhabitants were the uncivilized Indians and the wild game of the forest. The white man came, and lo! the transition! Beautiful fields of grain wave in the gentle breeze, and neat villages and farm houses dot the land- scape. In that early day the means and facilities for tilling the soil would be considered a burlesque on farm- ing to-day. When they turned the sod with the old wooden mould-board plow and gathered the harvest with the reap-hook, the threshing was as slow and laborious as the reaping, the process being by tramping out the grain by the use of cattle, or beating it from the straw with a flail. Presto change; nearly seventy-five years have glided by, and we cast our eye upon the landscape and what a transformation! The old mould-board has given way to the elegant sulky plow; the reap-hook is transformed into the wonderful mechanism known as the self-binder, and the tramping of the cattle, and the thud, thud of the flail have yielded to the steam engine and the hum of the gigantic thresher. It is thus that the results of the labors and hardships of the pioneers, combined with the efforts and genius of their children, are written not only in history, but more unmistakably engraved upon every highway in the land. Let the reader stop fora moment and reflect, if he would do justice to those who have led the way and so nobly done their part. Do not chide or jeer them for their odd, old-fashioned ways, but keep in mind, that it is to them that we, “ Young America,’’ are indebted for the surrounding comforts which our land yields to-day. But a few years more, when we have grown gray and feeble, shall we be pointed out by the busy, bustling throng of a more advanced age, as the old fogies, and as among those who have passed their days of useful- ness, EDWARDS COUNTY. FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY SETTLERS. Tradition relates that the first white men to penetrate the wilds of Edwards county, were three brothers by the name of Daston, as early as 1800. They were great hunters, and spent most of their time in hunting and trapping. They made little or no improvements, and all that is known of them by the pioneers who made per- manent settlements, is that their cabius were left stand- ing in sections 10 and 15, in township 15, 1 north, range 14 east, when the first permanent settlers came to the county. From whence they came or where they went, tradition is silent. The first families to make a permanent settlement in the county were those of Jonathan Shelby, Thomas Carney, John Bell, Lot Sams, and Isaac Greathouse ; these all made their advent here in 1815. Shelby and Carney came together with their families and located near each other in township 1 north, range 10, now Shelby precinct. They were from Tennessee, and made the long journey to Grayville with their families over- land, in wagons, the only method then for traveling. They halted at Grayville, where they remained one year, when they removed to the northern part of the county, as above stated. Mr. Shelby located in the vorthwest quarter of section 34, where he erected a cabin and commenced the life of the pioneer in the wilds of Edwards county. He was an active and energetic man, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 59 and in a few years had under cultivation several acres of land, and was surrounded with the comforts of a good home. In 1831, he moved to section 18, on the Little Wabash, and four years later constructed a water grist mill on this stream, it being the first water-mill in Shelby precinct. He was one of the first justices of the peace in the county, which office he held for many years. He died about 1838. Mr. Carney also located in section 34, and subse- quently became one of the leading farmers of the times. He had the confidence of the people, and in 1832, he was elected to the county commissioners’ court, which position he held until 1838. Mr. Carney was always a public-spirited man, and to him belongs the honor of. constructing the first mil! in his neighborhood. This was in 1832. The mill was propelled by horse-power, but it answered the wants of his neighbors. About 1844 he moved with his family to the State of Missouri, where he died a few years ago. John Bell was of German descent, but was born in South Carvlina. In an early day he moved to Ken- tucky, and from thence to Tennessee. From this State he enlisted in the war of 1812, where he served about one year; and in 1815 he moved with his family éo Illinois and settled in section 27, township 1 north, range 10 east, where he resided until his death. He was a plain, unassuming man, and a good neighbor. One son, H. C. Bell, resides in section 10. Lot Sams was a native of North Carvlina, but had been a resident of Kentucky and Tennessee. He came with his family to Illinois in 1815, and located in sec- tion 35, township 1 north, range 10 east. His mode of travel to this State was by pack horses; upon these he made the whole distance with his little family. In 1821 he located in section 25, where he died in the fall of 1863. At his death he had accumulated considerable property, and the little hamlet of Samsville, in Shelby precinct, has the honor of bearing his name. Isaac Greathouse came from Kentucky in 1815, and with his family, located in this part of Illinois, where he followed the pursuit of farming for a short time; but the Indian depredations drove him into one of the forts. Being tired of the Indian warfare on the frontier he returned to his native State, where he remained several years. Again, in 1821, he moved to Illinois and settled permanently in the S. W.¢ of the N. W. # of section 13, Salem precinct. He was a plain farmer, never aspiring to office of public trust. He died at the old homestead. Enoch, the eldest of the pioneer children, is a wealthy farmer residing in section 18, township 1 north, range 11 east. Francis, another son, lives in section 13. The father of Isaac was one, if not the first English settler in this part of the State, west of the Wabash river, a sketch of whom will be found in the chapter of Mt. Carmel precinct, and pioneer history of Wabash county. In 1816 a settlement was formed in the southwest part of the county on or near Big Creek, the first of whom was “ Captain” Jeremiah Birk, who came from one of the Southern States, and located in the edge of Big creek timber, where he erected a small cabin and cleared a patch of land on which he raised a meager crop of corn sufficient for the wants of his family. His cabin was erected just in the margin of the timber overlooking quite a prairie belt, which subsequently received the name of Birk’s Prairie. His family consisted of his wife, four sons and three daughters, and their mode of living was of the most primitive character. Their cabin contained but one room, which served the purpose of kitchen, eating and sleeping room. The family remained here but about three years, or until about the time of the English colony settlement, as Mr. Birk was of the pure type of the backwoodsman and could not tolerate civilization. To use his‘own language as re- lated by one of the pioneers, “He did not wish to live where neighbors were so plenty ; that to see three neigh- bors within a day’s ride was sufficient for him.” Walter Anderson, who came about the same time, located in section 30, township 2 south, range ten east. He had the honor of planting the first orchard in the county, on his little clearing, in 1817. He remained but a few years, when he moved to some other portion of the State. John Hunt located in the same settlement and remained here until his death; but one of his de- scendants is now living in the county, a grandson, James T., who resides about a mile from his grand- father’s old home. Others who lived in this settlement were, Hugh Collins, Rollin and Joseph Lane, and Wil- liam Ham. They were all natives of some of the Southern States, and remained only a few years after coming. In the fall of 1816, quite a sensation was created among the few settlers of this part of the country, caused by the killing and mutilating of the body of one Joseph Boltinghouse. He was a single man, the family then residing in White county. In the fall, Joseph drove to the Big creek timber, quite a quantity of hogs to feed and fatten from the mast, then so plenty in this part of the county. He built him a camp, a little south of the creek, on what is now the Churchill land. While here a band of Shawnee Indians prowling through the country espied his camp, and finding that he was alone, took him by surprise, and murdered him upon the spot. When found his body was lying close to his camp ina mutilated condition, and his head, which had been severed from the trunk, was suspended upon a pole near by. Tradition relates that the murderers suffered dearly for the crime. They were captured near the Wabash river, stones were lashed to their bodies and they were sunk in the river. The following spring, James and Daniel, brothers of the above, moved to the county from Gallatin, now White county, and located in section 26, township 2 south, range 10 east, a little south of Big creek, in the edge of the timber, overlooking the prairie that subsequently took their name. Daniel was a man of family, and his brother James resided with him. They cleared and improved agood farm, and became 60 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. prominent citizens of the county. In about 18387, they all moved to the State of Arkansas. Thomas Riley, a native of Ireland, settled near the Boltinghouse’s, the same year, 1817. Mr. Riley was then a single man, but subsequently married Sarah Morris, a daughter of one of the pioneers. He improved a good farm, where he resided until his death, which occurred about 1852. His father-in-law, Isaac Morris, came from the south and settled in section 5, township 3 south, range 10 east, in the same year as the above. He had a large family, and was a genuine backwoodsman. Hespent the most of his time in hunting, and was noted for his exaggerated tales and hair-breadth escapes while in the woods. He remained in the county until his death, which occurred many years ago. His children are scattered to the many points of the West, none of his descendants being now residents of this part of the county. Another pioneer of 1817, was Clem Martin, who located in section 33, township 2 south, range 14 west. He came from the southern States, partaking of the spirit of emigration to the new Eldorado, then so popular with the poorer class of the south and southwest. Mr. Martin was what would be termed to-day, a man of eccentric for peculiar ways. He was outspoken and fearless in charaeter, somewhat rough and uncouth in manners, and thus made enemies when he might have had friends, For some reason the family stood in rather bad odor in the new settlement; this was undoubtedly due to the wild, unpleasant ways of his children, He died in the county many years ago. It is said that some of his descendants are living in White county. About this time, in 1817, a new era dawned upon the settlements made in what is now Edwards county. Morris Birkbeck and George Flower, both well-to-do Englishmen, made a tour of the west in search of the “beautiful prairies’? they had heard and read about, in the new world, with the view of establishing a colony of their countrymen within the same, should the reports given meet their expectations. Mr. Flower crossed the Atlantic, landing on American shores in the spring of 1816. He spent one year in making inquiries and be- coming acquainted with the people, country and insti- tutions of our republic. One year later Mr. Birkbeck and family came to the United States, and in company with Mr. Flower, they made a tour of the west. The country pleased them, and it was agrecd between Mr. Flower and Mr. Birkbeck that the former should return to England and induce immigration to their chosen spot, Edwards county, while the latter was to attend to pro- curing the necessary lands, and otherwise to prepare for the reception of their countrymen. Of the first emigrants their names, time, and manner of coming, we quote from the account as given by Mr. Flower in his history of the English settlements in Edwards county. He says, “arly in March, 1818, the ship Achilles sailed from Bristol with the first party of emigrants, destined for our settlements in Illinois. Mr. Charles Trimmer, of Yeatly, Surrey, a young farmer, and a neighbor and acquaint- ance of Mr. Birkbeck, with forty-four men and one married woman, sailed in this ship. The men -were chiefly farm laborers and mechanics from Surrey. Many of them had for years worked for Mr. Birkbeck, others were from his neighborhood, and were personally ac- quainted or knew him by reputation. This party was under the special care and leadership of Mr. Trimmer. About an equal number, composed of London mechanics and tradesmen from various parts of England, formed, another party that sailed in the same ship. These were under the guidance and direction of Mr. James Lawrence, merchant tailor, of Hatton Gar- den, London. Mr. Lawrence being a man of property, a resident of the city, and well acquainted with the usages at the docks, custom-house, shipping, etc., became actually the head of the whole party.’ Another pro- minent pirty in this ship's company was Mr. Hugh Ranalds, from Hammersmith, near London. He was then a single man, but subsequently married Mary C Flower, a sister of George Flower. According to the account given by Mr. Flower, the emigrants landed at Philadelphia early in June, 1818. They made their way to Edwards county overland, some in wagons, others on horseback over the mountains to Pittsburg, then descended the Ohio river in flat boats to Shawneetown, and from thence on foot, in wagons or on horseback, to Mr. Birkbeck’s cabin, situated on Bolting- house prairie, the place being subsequently named Wan- borough, after Mr. Birkbeck’s old home in England. He had received notice of their coming and had made the best preparation possible for their reception. A square of rough log houses had been erected, each cabin being supplied with two doors with a small sash window in each door. This hamlet was subsequently denominated “The Barracks,” and was open to all new-comers. It was here that the first ship’s company—eighty-eight in number—were accommodated, all men, excepting three women. Mr. Flower, in his reminiscences, says of this novel state of affairs in the new found land, “I must leave to imagination the various feelings of its motley in- mates, some of whom were used to the refinements of civilized life; all to the comfortsof a home however humble; some without money, and all for a time, with- out occupation; without vegetables; corn bread and sult pork their only diet; whisky their sole luxury and consolation, and some not able to get that. It was for a time a fermenting mass, Strange and conflicting emo- tions exhibited themselves in ludicrous succession. Some laughed and joked, some moped and sulked, while others cursed the fates that brought them there. All things worked out right in time. The activity and energy of the national character soon displayed itself, and all be- came fairly satisfied with the condition of things.’ Mr. Birkbeck had laid out the town of Wanborough in five-acre lots, and on these were built cabins, rented by some, and bought by others as the means of the im- migrants would permit. In a short time an ox mill was HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 61 erected for grinding their corn, and the necessary black- smith shop was added to the village. This formed the nucleus of the new-founded colony. In April, 1819, another ship-load of emigrants swelled the numbers of the already prosperous little community. Of this accession Mr. Flower says, ‘‘ My own immediate family and friends occupied the cabin, and my domestic servants and other emigrants going out to join us, filled the steerage; my live stock of cows, hogs and sheep from the choicest breeds of England, took all the spare room on deck.’’ Among those who came in this ship were, Mr. and Mrs. Flower, parents of George Flower , the latter’s two sisters, his brother William, a mere lad’ his two sons, Miss Furdham and the servants of Mr. Flower. These constituted the immediate family party of Mr. F. Prominent among others seeking the prom- ised land were Francis Rotch and brother, friends and acquaintances of Mr. Birkbeck; an elderly gentleman of means, Mr. Filder; Dr. C. Pugsley and family ; Adam Corrie ; John Wood, then a single man; John Ingle and famiiy ; David Bennett and family; Mr. White and- family ; a carpenter and builder from London, and Cap- tain Stone and family. These, with some others, formed an emigrant party of upwards of sixty, who were boynd fur the “ prairies ’’ of Illinois. On arrival upon American shores, they divided into parties preparatory for their long and tedious journey to the wilds of the west. Their manner of traveling was similar to those who had preceded them one year before. Mr. Fordham, under the instructions of Mr Birkbeck, had in the meantime been busy in preparing for the re- ception of the new emigrants. He had made frequent excursions into the prairies to assist in thé preparatory arrangements, as well as making more distant journeys to Cincinnati and Louisville, for many articles needed by the settlers, which he loaded upon flat boats and sent down the Ohio river to be conveyed to the new settle- ment. The emigrants, for a time, were obliged to oc- cupy the log cabins cf the hollow square of Wanborough, until other and better arrangements could be made. The increase of population far exceeded the privilege of comfortably receiving them, though all was done that could be for their comfort and convenience. It must be rembered that this part of the country was in a state of nature, and that buildings and improvements could not be made with the facilities they are to-day. Mr. Fordham had also built two cabins on the land of Mr. Flower, and it was atone of these cabins that Mr F. deposited his family after the long and tedious trip from the seaboard. We here give the language of Mr Flower relating to his arrival at his new-found home. He says, “‘T entered the prairie with my carriage at the same spot from which we had, one year before, first seen it. The prairie grass completely enveloped my horses, and they labcriously dragged the heavy-laden vehicle. ‘The cabin built for me hove in sight, which was to be our home in the new found Jand. It was well sheltered by wood from the north and east, with an arm of the prairie lying south in a gently descending slope for a quarter of a mile, and was as pretty a situation as one could desire. The cabin, however, could boast of no comforts. It contained a clap-board roof, held down by weight-poles, a rough puncheon floor, and had neither door nor windows. Two door-ways were cut out, and the rough logs were scutched down inside. All the chips and ends of logs left by the backwoods’ builders lay strewn upon the floor. We were now face to face with the privations and difticulties of a first settlement in the wilderness.” From Mr. Flower’s statement it seems that one of their greatest privations was the lack of good water. A well had been sunk on bis land, but-it was a quarter of a mile away. He further says that, “ The floor of their cabin being cleared, a fire was kindled in a hole where a hearth was to be. One of us had a half mile trip for water. Then for the first time we knew the blessing of an iron tea kettle. Our first meal was spread upon the fluor from such provisions as the car- riage affurded, cheese, crackers, tea, etc. The tea we drank alternately from one or two tin cups. Some sit- ting, some kneeling, some stretched at length, resting on an elbow upon the floor ancient fashion, was the way we took our first meal. But then I was in my own house, on my own land, in a free and independent republic, and could cast my vote into a hollow tree for coon or "possum to be president of the United States if I so de- sired.”’ It will thus be seen what privations and discomforts the pioneers underwent, although some of them at the time of their settlement were accustomed to all the comforts of life that wealth could give. Mr. Flower and Mr. Birkbeck both were representative men in England, and each commanded quite a fortune when they landed in this county. Whether their philan- thropic effurts have been fully appreciated, the present generation of A)bion and vicinity must answer. The for- mer lived to see the “prairies” and surrounding country largely populat+d with prosperous farmers of his own countrymen. The little colony which he had been accessory in planting, had become among the most pros- perous and independent of the great prairie State. After seeing and enjoying the results of his patriotic efforts, he passed the portals of this life at the city of Grayville, January 15th, 1862. For some reasons, his and Mr. Birkbeck’s relations in social or business matters were not altogether agreeable, but that is a personal matter and belongs to no part of history. Mr. Birkbeck dur- ing his life time looked well and took good care of the interests of his countrymen, who had virtually placed themselves and families under his care and advisement, Wanborough, for a time, grew and prospered as a town. Albion springing up and getting the precedent as a county seat, in 1821, was a death blow upon the little town of Wanborough, the parent town within the pres- ent limits of Edwards county. Mr. Birkbeck became one of the leading men of the State, and it is said that through his efforts, and a few others, Illinois never has had the stain cf slavery placed upon its escutcheon. 62 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. From his sound judgment and clear ideas with regard to governmental affairs, Governor Cole saw fit to choose him as his Secretary of State in 1824. This office he held but a short time, when he returned to his little colony. It was only about a year following that he met with a sudden and tragic death, the circumstances of which are so well and vividly portrayed in a journal of that day, that we copy the same for the readers of this history: “Oa June 4th, 1825, Mr. Birkbeck went to Harmony, Indiana, taking a packet of letters for us to Mr. Robert Owen, who being on the eve of departure to England, had kindly promised to deliver them. On Mr. Birkbeck’s return occurred the melancholy circumstan- ces of his death. In attempting to cross Fox river, with his son Bradford, they found the “ flat’? on which they expected to be carried over, had been taken away. They, therefore, entered the stream with their horses with the intention ofswimming the river. Bradford’s horse plunged and threw him into the seething water. Beinga good swimmer, he, although encumbered with an over- coat, besides being weak from a recent illness, had nearly reached the opposite shore, when he heard his father’s voice calling for assistance ; and turning himself around he saw him struggling in the middle of the stream, and returned to him. Upon reaching him his father caught hold of him, and they both sank together. Upon coming to the surface, Bradford desired his father to take hold of his coat in another place, which he did, and again they both sank. At this time only Bradford arose ; he finally reached the bank in safety, but he left his father beneath the waves. After some time his cries brought a person to his azsistance who endeavored to re- cover the body of his father. It was all in vain, and it was not until the following day that the body was re- covered from the angry waters. When found his um- brella was grasped in his right hand, the position he held it when he went down. His body was taken to New Harmony, and there interred with every mark of respect that the living could give. So passed away the soul of one who had labored faithfully, many years of his life, to benefit his fellow-man.” A prominent pioneer of 1817, was Alan Emmerson, who was born in Kentucky. When a young man he emigrated to Indiana, where he married. On coming to this State he located in section 4, township 2 south, range 10 east. His family then consisted of his wife and four children. He built asnug little cabin on the quarter section of land he had entered, and here commenced the hard labors of the pioneer. In a short time he was elected justice of the peace, being among the first to hold that honorable position in what is now Ed- wards county. He served several terms upon the board of County Commissioners, and for several years was the presiding Judge of the county court. He was also elected County Treasurer and Assessor, and was one term in the State Legislature. In fact for many years prior to his death, he was almost constantly serving the peo- ple in some public capacity. He lived to a good old age, he and his wife both passing away in 1876, Centennial year. But one of the family is now living, Jesse, who resides in Albion, and is among the wealthy and influ- ential citizens of the town. Rev. John Depew came in the same year as Mr. Em- merson. He was an immigrant from the South, and or arriving in the county he located on land adjoining Mr. Emmerson. He was a zealuus Methodist divine, and the first of that persuasion in this part of thecountry. It is remarked of him that he was a good neighbor, an honest and conscientious man, and practiced what he preached. Being at a neighbor’s house one day, and asked to take dinner with the family, he refused one of the delicacies of the early times—wild honey,—as he had learned in the mean time that the Sabbath had been desecrated in felling the bee-tree. He remained here but a few years, when he moved to Marion county. In 1818, three months after Wanborough was established, Albion was founded. Mr. Flower, in his reminiscences says, that the emigrants were con- tinually flowing in, and it became necessary to furnish them with suitable and comfortable quarters. They would first visit Mr. Birkbeck, who had but small accommodations, and would then call upon Mr. Flower, who at the time, was l-ss prepared to receive them than Mr. Birkbeck. At this stage, says Mr. Flower, “we were experiencing the many inconveniences of a popu- lation in the wilderness, in advance of necessary food and shelter. Do as you will, if you are the very first in the wilderness, there are many inconveniences, privations, hardships, and sufferings that cannot be avoided. My own family, one day, were so closely run for provisions, that a dish of tender buds and shoots of the hazle-brush was our only resort.” . Mr. Lawrence and Mr. Trimmer, who led the first ship's company, made their settlement in Village Prairie, so called from the Piankashaw Indians, who had for- merly located there. Other emigrants kept coming in, some on foot, some on horseback, and some in wagons. Some sought employment and accepted of such labor as they could find. Others struck out on their own respon- sibility and made small beginnings for themselves, while others dropped back into the towns and settlement in Indiana. At this time Mr. Flower had been unable to prepare for the reception of the emigrants, his whole time having been occupied in making his own family comfortable. One evening, after he had completed his surroundings for the comfort of his family, Messrs. Lawrence, Ronalds, and Fordham called at the cabin of Mr. Flower. The question of making suitable prepara- tion for the incoming tide of emigration was discussed,and measures were to be adopted for the laying out and build- ing a town, as a center for the useful arts, and conven- iences necessary for a prosperous agricultural district. The subject was considered in all its various bearings, and there in the darkness of Mr. F's. cabin (they were then not even supplied with a candle) the village of Albion was located, built and peopled, in imagination. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 63 But one day was suffered to elapse between the decision and execution of what had been purposed. The gentle- men, before mentioned, had remained over night with Mr. Flower, and it was decided in the morning that Messrs. Fordham and Flower should start north from the latter’s dwelling, while Lawrence and Ronalds were to go | south from Village Prairie, at a given hour on the fol- lowing morning, and at their place of meeting should be the future town. Mr. Flower says: “ We met the next day in the woods, according to appointment. The spot seemed suitable, the woods being rather open and the ground level.” With one accord, it was decided that the spot upon which they then stood should be the ‘center of the town. They were then standing upon the ground now enclosed in the public square. It was thus that the town of Albion was born. The first building was a double log cabin, utilized for a “tavern,” and was built by John Pitcher, who, with his family, consti- tuted a portion of the first emigrants in 1818. Among these emigrants were Abraham, Isaac and Jacob Pen- fold, all excellent mechanics. The second buildings in the town were a house and blacksmith shop for the fam- ily and use of Jacob Penfold, who was the first black- smith of Albion. These families have all passed away long ago; one, a daughter of Abraham Penfold, is yet living in Albion, the wife of “Uncle Johnny Woods.” She has lost her eyesight, but is active for one of her age. Another of the emigrants, of 1818, was Joel Church- hill, an intelligent and educated young man from Lon- don. He entered quite a large tract of land about five miles south of Albion, now Dixon precinct, built a log house, and commenced the life of a pioneer in the timber of Big creek. In 1824 he married Eliza Simpkins, from which union eleven children were born. Being of a business turn of mind, Mr. Churchill re- moved to Albion, and engaged in the commercial busi- ness. Here he erected a brick store-room, and built a stone dwelling. By good business tact he had, in a few years, increased his mercantile affairs to consid- erable proportions, besides establishing a large manufac- tory for pressing and shipping castor oil, He died at Albion in 1872, having led a busy and prosperous life. His widow and two sons are prominent citizens of Albion. One of his sons, Charles, has had the honor of represent- ing the district in the State Legislature. John Tribe came from England one year later than Mr. Churchill. He was then asingle man, and first located at Wanborough. He subsequently married, and reared a large family. In later years he moved to Albion, where he carried on the business of wool-carding until his death, which occurred in the summer of 1880. Mr. Flower, in his memoirs, says of him: “He has not made that accumulation of property that many men have, that came with as little as he, but this is probably because he has not given himself up to the one idea of acquisition and accumulation. As he has labored muderately through life, he has always reserved a little time for observation, reflection, and reading. His house is small, his living plain and simple. He reservesa small room for himself, where he receives any friends who may call. On his table are placed writing materials, books, periodicals and newspapers. In his garden are a few of the choicest flowers, that would grace the grounds of Buckingham palace. Is not a New York millionaire poor, compared to Mr. Tribe?” That he was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and reading, is fully attested by the evidences given by the citizens of Albion of to-day. Many a time has the writer in interviewing the old citizens of the town for in- formation for this volume, heard them exclaim: ‘‘ How unfortunate that this book had not been written a little earlier, before the death of ‘Uncle Johny Tribe;’ he was a perfect walking encyclopedia, and could have told you all about it.” Mrs. Tribe is yet living in Albion, and eight of the children are residents of the county ; one son, William B., is the present Circuit Clerk of Ed- wards county. John Woods, Sr., of Surrey, England, came in the fall of the same year as theabove. He wasa man of family, having a wife and five children. He settled at Wan- borough, where he remained for several years, when he moved to Albion, and thence to Shawneetown, where he died. One son, John Jr., is a merchant in Albion, and one of the oldest surviving settlers in the county. For nearly forty years he served as County Treasurer and Assessor, and is yet active for one of his years. As previously stated, Richard Flower and his wife, father and mother, of George Flower, came from Eng- land, with the latter in 1818. They stayed one year at Lexington, Kentucky, and the following spring moved to Albion. Mr. Flower was what would be called wealthy in those days, being worth between one and two hundred thousand dollars. He built a mansion much after the style and architecture of the farm-houses in England. Thirty acres of woodland were preserved in connection with the house, the under-brush was cleared away and the entire ground sowed with blue grass. This gave the grounds an appearance of a beautiful and commodious park. Hence, it received the name “Park House.’ Mr. Flower, in speaking of it, says: ‘Old Park House, near Albion, will long be remembered by old settlers and distant visitors for its social reunions and open- handed hospitalities. Here the family party of children and grandchildrén met at dinner on Sundays. An Eng- lish plum pudding was a standing dish that had graced my father’s dinner table from time immemorial. Here all friends and neighbors, that had any musical tastes or talent, met once a fortnight for practice and social enjoyment. Strangers and visitors to the settlement re- ceived a hearty welcome. It may be truly said that, for thirty years, ‘Old Park House’ was never without its visitors from every country in Europe, and every State in the Union.” The following is a short sketch of some of the settlers in Albion and Wanborough,as given by Mr. Flower: 64 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Brian Walker and his friend William Nichols, from Yorkshire, came to Philadelphia in 1817, and to the settlement, at Albion, in 1818. Mr. Walker, when he landed at Philadelphia, had but one guinea in his pocket. How much there was left of that guinea when he arrived in Illinois, thereis no record. He and his friend Nich- ols settled on land side by side, situated on the skirts of a prairie, one mile east of Albion. They worked hard, opened land, built their houses, married, reared large families and became possessed of abundance. They, with most of the other early settlers, have passed away. William Wood of Wormswold, Leicestershire, a small farmer, with his wife and one son, Joseph, left England for the prairies of Illinois in the spring of 1819. Ac- companying him were two young men, John Brissenden of Kent, and William Tewks, from Leicestershire; also Miss Mea,—afterward Mrs. Brissenden,—and Joseph Butler and family, from Kent. ‘lhe party kept together, and came the usual route from Philadelphia to Pitts- burg,and descended the Ohio in an ark. When near their journey’s end Mrs. Wood was taken ill, and on reaching the mouth of the Wabash, died. Ona point of land at the junction of the Ohio and Wabash, on the Illinois side, far from any settlement or habitation, her grave was made between two trees, on which her name and age were carved, and thus were her remains left alone in the wilds of a new country. Who can image a more melancholy situation for an old man, left virtually alone, just at the end of his toilsome and weary journey, to lose his life-long partner, just as the promised land they had so much doted on, was heaving in sight? Mr. Wood being a man of great vigor and good sense did not yield to discouragement as many might have done. After reaching his destination, Albion, he soon opened a good farm, planted an orchard, and lived for several years, enjoying the fruits of his labors. His son Joseph, in after years, became one of,the wealthiest and most thrif- ty farmers in the county. John Brissenden, after working for atime, and having acquired a little money, settled on a tract of land by the side of his old friend Wood. His was the usual way to competency of the early settlers. He cleared his farm, married, reared a large family, and in time built a fine house, besides having an interest in a mercantile house in Maysville, Clay county. He died some years ago, leaving a good property to his heirs. William Tewk’s career was simply a repetition of Mr. Brissenden’s. For a time he was a carrier between Albion and Evansville, Indiana. He acted in the capacity of itinerant commission man between both places, making the purchases which his wagon brought home. He drove one of the wagons himself, and met with an accident, which proved fatal, about twenty years ago. John Skeavington from Nottinghamshire, England, came in the same year and located on the prairie near Mr. Brissenden, and cultivated a good farm. Like his neighbors, he commenced with but little if any means, but before his death, had amassed a good competency. Several of his descendants are good and respectable citizens of Edwards county. William Harris, also from England, came with the emigrants of 1819. For many years he followed team- ing with an ox team. Mr. Flower says of him: “ William Harris’ team was a sort of institution in the county for many years. I would charter Billy Harris’ wagon for a long journey across the prairie. It was strong, large, well covered, and, when well fitted up with bedding and provender, was comfortable enough. Myself and family have taken many longand pleasant journeys in it. It was the best conveyance for our rough county at that day—no hill too steep, no bog too deep for Mr. Harris’ strong ox-team. Not railroad-like, but more indepen- dent, and in some respects, more comfortable.” In later years Mr. Harris located on a farm near Albion, where he resided in peace and plenty. Samuel Prichard, who sailed in the Columbia in the spring of 1819, had a family consisting of his wife, four sons and four daughters He belonged to the society of Friends, possessed a good property, was liberal minded, and well educated. He was an acquaintance of Mr. Birkbeck’s in England, and on coming to the county he located near Wanborough, on the road leading to Albion. He contracted a fever soon after coming, and lived but a short time. His descendants are yet living here. William Clark and family came about the same time as Mr. Prichard. Mr. Clark also belonged to the society of Friends, and was a valuable acquisition to the colony. He settled on one of the little prairies lying between Al- bion and the Little Wabash, and it was owing to his capital and enterprise that the first wind-mill was constructed in the county. Three other parties came at the time of Mr. Clark, David and George Kearsum, and a Mr. Sampson, none of whom are now living—at least none are residents of the county. Another early settler was William Hall, from Surrey. He had a large family, and located on the prairies west of Wanborough, where he improved a good farm. Mr. Hall was a well educated man, a close observer and one of more than ordinary intelligence. He kept a record of all important passing events, and it is to his journal and notes that Mr. Flower acknowledges indebtedness for many points obtained in the furtherance of his history of the Eoglish settlements. We here insert a letter written by Mr. Hall to a friend in England relat- ing to the sad death of one of his boys while engaged in hunting wild turkeys. He says: “ Preserve this letter, dear John, as a monument of the instability of all human felicity. The very dav I wrote it, on the fatal morning of the 24th of April, 1822, I heard the sound of my two sons passing through the porch, into which my bed-room opens. One of them I knew by his light step and cheer- ful voice, to be my beloved Ned, the other was unfortu- nate Robert. About half an hour after, I heard the report of arifle in the woods. I lay about a quarter of HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 65 an hour longer, until it was light enough to dress. When I went out of the door it was just five o’clock. Upon going to the back of the house, where I heard most unearthly cries of distress, L saw poor Robert rolling on the ground and writhing in the utmost agony. I im- mediately concluded he was dreadfully wounded, and it was some time before he could speak. He exclaimed, Oh, father, I have killed Ned, and I wish I was dead myself! Iuttered an involuntary exclamation, and sank down myself upon him. The noise brought out his mother, and the scene which followed cannot be described. Two of the neighbors, aroused by Robert’s cries, assisted mein conveying him and his mother and laying them upon the bed. I went with them in search of the body, which was not found for some time. At length it was brought in, and buried in a spotwhich my poor boy had selected for his garden. It seems they had sighted a turkey, when Robert dispatched his brother one way, and lay down himself behind a log, to endeavor to call up the bird within gun shot, with his turkey-call. After a little while, he heard a rustling but a few yards away, and soon afterward saw what he concluded to be the turkey. He took aim, fired, and leaped up, shouting for Ned, and ran in triumph to pick up his game. Think of his feelings, when he found it to be the corpse of his brother weltering in his own blood.” Mr. Hall died many years ago, and the family have moved to other scenes. One daughter, widow of Walter L. Mayo, it is said is now a resident of Leavenworth, Kansas. The first English settlers in Village Prairie, were John Brenchly and wife, and John Lewis and family. In speaking of them Mr. Flower says: “ Mr. Brenchly had been a distiller in the old country ; not a man of country habits, or possessed of much capital. Mr. Lewis was a man of excellent education, but with small pecuniary means. These were both difficult cases for a new settlement. Ina few months they both left their quarter sections in the prairie. For a year or two, Mr. Brenchly lived chiefly by hislabors as accountant, etc., and finally moved to Philadelphia. Mr. Lewis remained ; longer, and for a time, rented the first brick tavern in Albion, built by Richard Flower, Senior. The family subsequently moved to Cincinnati. “ Speaking of the Lewis's,” says Mr. Flower, “ reminds me of an accident that nearly proved fatal to one of the family. I had dismounted from my horse, and hitched him by the bridle to the handle of the well-windlass, that was situated near the kitchen door at the Park House, and had run over to my cabins about seventy yards distant. Soon afterward a servant came running in haste, exclaiming that Mary Lewis had fallen into the well. The child, about twelve years of age, had been standing on the well-top; the horse became sud- denly frightened and pulled the windlass and curbing from the well, and the child had dropped in. The well was about forty feet deep and contained ten feet of water.” Assisted by two or three parties at hand, the 9 little girl was rescued from her perilous situation, though pretty well exhausted through fright and drown- ing. This well has a further history connected with it. It was of large diameter, the sides and bottom being of smooth sandstone. At the sinking of it, the digger, William Truscott, had nearly completed his work, and was engaged in sweeping at the bottom of the well, just preparatory to coming to the surface. Suddenly a dread- ful hubbub was heard in its vicinity—the mingled voices of a man and beast in agony of distress came forth and attracted every one within hearing to the spot. The cause was at once apparent. A large, fat hog had strayed to the mouth of the well, and had slipped his hind feet over, and was struggling with might and main to recover himself. While in this position, squealing for aid, the man below looked up in terror and loudly roared for help. Seeing that the hog was gradually losing his hold, he flattened himself against the stone sides and waited the dread results. Down went the abimal to his instant death; for a moment all was silent. Shouts from the top were given, asking if the digger was hurt? A faint voice said, “Oh, yes, do haul me up.’”’ The man was brought to the surface, nearly dead with fright. The hog was subsequently removed from the well, but was split open on the back from head to tail, as if the process had been performed with a sharp knife. One of the great fears that the pioneers labored under at their coming, was that the place they had chosen would have to be abandoned on account of the inability to ob- tain good water. Wells were sunk to considerable depths, but no water could be obtained only as they filled by the surface flow. Weare informed that to-day, water can be reached almost anywhere, at the depth of ten or fifteen feet. Science and theory has thus far failed to give any satisfactory or intelligent reason for this phenomenon. In 1820, Thomas Spring and his family, left Derby- shire, England, for the beautiful prairies of Illinois. The second son, Archibald, was left at a medical college, in Baltimore, to finish his studies. The family proceeded_ to Wheeling, Virginia, by land, when Mr. Spring was taken with a fever and died before reaching his destina- tion. His three sons, Henry, Sydney, and John came on with their mother, and located on Birk’s Prairie. Sydney afterwards married here and reared a large family He subsequently removed to Graysville, White county. Henry, in after years, became a merchant in Olney. Archibald, after completing his studies, came to Edwards county, and for many years was a successful physician in Albion, where he remained until his death. Others who came about the same time were, James Carter and family, Gilbert T. Pell, Mr. Kenton, Mr. Coles and family, Mr. Peters, Thomas Simpkins and family, Mr. Gillard, Henry Bowman, then a single man, Oswald Warrington- and family, James and Robert Thread, Mr. Orange and family, Henry Birkett, Mr. Stanhope, Francis Hanks and family, J. B. Johnson, 66 William Hallum, Thomas Shepherd, Henry, John and Henry Cowling, Edward Coad and family, Joseph, Thomas and Kelsey Crackles, John May, William Cave, Thomas Swale, Moses, John and George Michels, Ellis Weaver, and many others. A prominent settler of 1821, was William Pickering, from Yorkshire. He came a single man, but subse- quently married Martha Flower, and first made his set- tlement at Village Prairie. He was an active and energetic man, and in a few years rose to distinction in the State. Governor Washburn says of him: “Gen. William Pickering was a well-known man among the old Whig politicians of Illinois, of his day. He was a representative man in the party, in the southeastern part of the State. I often met him in conventions, and kuew him well in the Legislature. He had a con- tinuous service in the State Legislature, as the member from Edwards county, from 1842 to 1852, a service of exceptional length. Hewas a man of great intelligence and public spirit. He had a fine presence, and was thoroughly English in look and manner. He was an intimate friend of Mr. Lincoln, who, on his accession to the Presidency, appointed him Governor of Wash- ington Territory.” Mr. Pickering died at his home, near Albion, about eight years ago. One son is living at the farm a little west of Albion. James O. Wattles was another distinguished early settler. It is said that he was a good lawyer, and when engaged in reading his briefs or other papers, he did so with the paper upside down. This was caused by a peculiarity of the eyesight. He was elected Judge of the fifth Judicial District of Ilinois, by the General Assembly, and commissioned January 19, 1825, and was legislated out of office, January 12, 1827. He moved to New Harmony, Indiana, about the time of the settlement of Robert Owen, at that place. Ex-Governor, Augustus C. French, also commenced his life in the west, at the town of Albion. He wasa graduate from one of the eastern colleges. On _ his ar- rival at Albion, he possessed but his education and wits to make a livelihood. He first taught school at two dollars a quarter for each pupil, and in the meantime commenced the study of law, in which profession he gained some reputation. Subsequently he was elected to the Legislature, and in 1846, was elected Governor of the State. Prior to this, however, he had removed to another part of the State. Henry I. Mills was a prominent settler of early times. He was a native of Ohio, but had for several years lived at Vincennes, Indiana, before coming to Illinois. He first located in section 28, on the prairie that bears his name. His family then consisted of his wife and two children. He soon became popular among the early settlers and as early as 1820, was promoted to the office of Sheriff, which position he held until 1826. In 1838, he was appointed School Commissioner, being the secund officer for this position in the county. Twelve years prior to this, we find him in the State Legislature, where HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. he served as Representative, from 1826 to 1828. Again in 1832, he is sent to the State Senate, served one term, and in 1838, is re-elected to the same position, where he remained until 1840. He died at the old homestead, in the spring of 1854. Three of his sons, born of his second marriage, are now living at the old farm. Benjamin Ulm was a native of Ross county, Ohio, and came to the county in 1820, and is one of the few survivors of the early settlers. He now resides in sec- tion 32, township 2 north, range 14 west, and has ever been considered one of the staunch citizens of the ecunty. One who figured very prominently, for many years in the civil matters of the county, was Walter L. Mayo. He was elected Clerk in 1831, and served continuously in this capacity until 1870. He was a genial, popular, whole souled man, and had the confidence of all who knew him. He amassed a good competency, and subse- quent to 1870, he moved with his family to Leawven- worth, Kansas. While returning to Olney, Illinois, to transact some business, he was way-laid, as supposed, in East St. Louis, and nothing has ever been heard of the cause of his untimely and sudden death. Alexander Stewart, who has seen the town of Albion grow up almost from its infancy, is among the early prominent business men of the English settlement. Mr. Flower in speaking of him says: “Nearly forty years ago, (it is now nearly sixty) a young Scotchman in his teens, rode up to my house and wished me to pur- chase his horse, saddle and bridle, which I did for sixty dollars—a good price in those days. I built him a forge, which he rented at first and afterwards purchased. With the proceeds of the horse, he purchased iron and went to work. This was the beginning of Alexander Stewart, who, after several years of labor and industry, added to his blacksmith shop a store. Business and capital increasing, he soon went largely into the produce trade of the country, of which pork, corn and wheat, are the staples. He is also proprietor of a large flour- ing-mill at Graysville.” It is but a short time since the writer saw Mr. Stewart, who is yet living and enjoying the comforts and luxuries of a good home, the legitimate results of ardent, honest labor. He is now somewhat feeble, and has withdrawn from active life, yet is a living monument ot what frugality and industry may accomplish, as his possessions may be counted by tens-vf-thousands, One peculiarity of the ups and downs of the English colony is, that those who came with an abundance, died, after years of struggle with the various freaks of fortune, with far less than they brought with them, while those of little or no means have made comfortable homes, and attained a degree of wealth which is commendable to their many years of industry. EARLY MARRIAGES. The following list includes the marriage licenses grant- ed in the county after its organization to 1817, as appears upon the license record : HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 67 Name. Date of license. Jeremiah Wood to Jane Phelpatt, January 11th, 1815, William Smith, J.P. Jan. 11th, 1815 Jeremiah Hogue to By whom married. Date of mrrge. Jane Bathe. Feb. 11th, 1815, James Shaw, Esq. Feb. Mth, 1815 Samnel Putnam to - Relief Chafee, March 15th, 1815 J. McIntosh, J.C. C. Mar. 16th, 1815 Joseph Robertson to Sally Barney, May 17th, 1815, Rev. Jm’h Ballard, May 18th, 1815 Jarvis Fordice to Susan Gard, John Barger to Catharine Minor, July 4th, 1815, Philip Plough to Sallie Arnold, July 6th, 1815, a ite se Thomas Truelock to Jemima Ramsey, July 8th, 1815, s ss on Hayward Putnam to Caroline James, July 11th, 1815, Jeremiah Ballard to Flizabeth Barney,July 31st, 1815, Jarvis Dale to Francis Chafee, Dec. 2nd, 1815, a “ “ Daniel Keen to Mary Compton, Dec. 13th, 1815, se se s& Joseph Ballard to Patty Putman, Deo, 27th, 1815, me we ee James MeDaniel to Martha Wesner, Advertisement, June 16th, 1815, ee ae June 29th, 1815 Rev. Jno. MeIntosh July 7th, 1815 July 9th, 1815 Seth Gard, J.C.C. Aug. 2nd, 181 Dec. 3rd, 1815 Dec. 14th, 1815 . 28th, 1815 Rev. Dvd. McGahey, Dec. 13th, 1815 George Miller to Elizabeth Shook, wo “ Green L. Vanwinkle to Nancy Heaton, without license John Walder to Nancy Dawson, July 4th, 1816, William Woodland to Mary Stepteford, July 18th, 1816, John Flinn to El cta Payne, Dee. 25th, 1815 James Shaw, J. P., Mar. 18th, 1816 Robert Baird, J.P. July 4th, 1816 Gerv. Hazleton, J. P., Aug. 21st, 1816, Gervase Hazleton to Eliza Osgood, Aug. 22nd, 1816, Samuel Brinbery to Mary Jones, June 16th, 1816, John Compton to Jane Barney, Sept. 4th, 1816, Alpheus Peckard to Catharine Gray, Sept. 22nd, 1816, Jeremiah McKinney to Catey Westner, Sept. 29th, 1816, ee a a Benjamin Ingerson to Susan Decker, Sept. 30th, 1816 Charles Dubois to Sally Gollaher, Oct. 31st, 1816, ee! ye Ephraim Armstrong to Ruth Gard, Nov. 12th, 1816, me sf ee James Baird to Martha Stenare Dec. 18th, 1816, a as ee James Davidson to Elizabeth Young, Dec. 30th, 1816, See) REE Re G. W. Smith, J.P., Aug. 22nd, 1816 G. W. Smith, J.P. Aug. 22nd, 1816 Rev. Dvd. McGahey, June 18th, 1816 Rev. Jm’h Ballard, Sept. 4th, 1816 Rev. Dvd. McGahey, Sept.-22nd, 1816 Sept. 29th, 1516 G. W. Smith, J.P., Sept. 80th, 1816 Oct. 8ist, 1816 Nov. 14th, 1816 Dee. 30th, 1816 As early as 1815, it seems that parties who contem- plated matrimony could be required to give a bond to carry out in good faith, said intentions. The following is a copy of one of the bonds given in 1815: “ Know all men by these presents that I, John Ballard, am held and firmly bound unto Nathaniel Claypool, clerk of Edwards county and Territory of Illinois, in the just and full sum of five hundred dollars, by which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself, my heirs and assigns for and in the whole, sealed with my seal, and dated this 31st day of July 1815. : The condition of the obligation is such, that whereas the above bound John Ballard has this day made appli- cation for license to join together in bonds of matrimony with Miss Betsy Barney. Now if thesaid John Ballard dees well and truly marry the said Betsy Barney without any fraud, partiality or illegality attending the said marriage, then this obligation to be void, otherwise to be, and remain in full force and virtue in law.” Bondsmen, Jeremiah Ballard and Seth Gard. THE DEEP SNOW. The deep snow occurred in the winter of 1830-31. At that period this part of Illinois was sparsely settled. The roads were merely trails or bye-paths; and the houses of the settlers were log-cabins of a rude style of architecture, and the larder was not well supplied with sufficient provisions to carry the settler and his family through the winter. This being the case, much suffering occurred. The “deep snow” is one of the land-marks of the early settler. It is the mile-stone, so to speak, from which he counts in dating events. He sometimes relies upon it in recounting the date of his coming, his marriage, and the birth of his children. The deep snow was an important and very extraordinary phenomenon. , Nothing has equalled it in this latitude for the last century—if the Indians’ traditions are cor- rect as to what occurred before the advent of the white man. The Indians had a tradition that about seventy- five years before, a snow fell which swept away the im- mense herds of buffalo and eJk that then roamed over these prairies. This tradition was verified by the vast quantity of buffalo and elk bones found on the prairies in different localities when first visited by white men. The snow began falling early in autumn, and con- tinued at intervals, throughout the entire winter. The snow falls would be succeeded by heavy sleet, forming crusts of ice between the layers of snow, strong enough in many places to bear up the deer and hunter. Fre- quently for weeks the sun was not visible, and the cold was so intense that not a particle of snow would melt on the sides of the cabins facing the south. For weeks people were blockaded or housed up, and remained so until starvation compelled them to go forth in search of food. Great suffering, hunger and untold hardships were endured by the people. Game, such as deer, prairie chickens, quails, rabbits, &c., before that time had been abundant, but for years afterwards was very scarce, having perished in the snow. As the snow would thaw, deer were often caught and killed without the aid of fire arms, being unable to get through the snow or walk on top. Later in winter, when the mass of snow or ice had become compact, fences that were staked and ridered were driven over with heavily loaded vehicles, and, in fact, the old settlers say in places could not be seeu. The snow in many places, where not drifted, was three to five feet deep. In thespring, when this immense amount of snow melted, the river streams and marshes became flooded. THE “ SUDDEN FREEZE.”’ The writer, in conversing with a lady, an old settler, elicited from her the following facts and recollections relative to the wonderful and extraordinary atmospheric phenomenon, which occurred a little after noon one day in January, 1836. The lady says, she and her family 68 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. had finished their noon-day meal, and were sitting around and in front of the old-fashioned large open fire- place, enjoying its generous warmth, chatting and dis- cussing the state of the weather, as during the morning it had been snowing and raining a little :—presently the lady in looking from the window in her cabin, noticed a heavy black cloud lying off to the west, which seemed to be rapidly approaching. Needing some water she took a bucket and went to the well, at a distance of about 100 yards, lowering the bucket with a long “sweep” then used in drawing the water, filled it, and started for the house. Before reaching the house the wind and rain struck her; blew and upset a portion of the water on her clothing ; the cold air seemed to cut like a knife, and before she reached the house, her dress and apron were frozen stiff in a solid sheet of ice. Ponds which a mo- ment before were free from the ice, were frozen in a few minutes. Many persons were frozen to death who happened to be caught away from home; and many others, before they could get toa place of shelter, had their faces, ears, hands and feet frozen. Immediately preceding the storm, the ground had been slightly cov- ered with snow, which from rain falling in the morning had become “slushy.’’ Cattle, that were in the fields, were held fast by the “slush” freezing about their feet ; and it became necessary to cut away the ice to liberate them. Ducks and geese were imprisoned in the same way. It was scarcely ten minutes after the cold wave swept over the place, that the water and melting snow was hard enough to bear up a man on horseback. Thus have we briefly sketched a few of the incidents that occurred in the early history of the county. LAWRENCE COUNTY. The French led the van in the settlement of the Illi- | nois territory. Their primary object was commerce with the Indian tribes; and to this end they established trading posts, and manifested to the untutored savage initial evidences of civilization. Secondary to this, the French missionaries, by their pious devotion, their spotless character and their quiet, unassuming and dis- interested lives, gained the favorable attention and re- spect of the natives. The suavity of the manners of the French, and the softness of their outward bearing and presence, and moreover their compliance, to some extent, with the Indian modes of life, gained for them the rude respect of the aborigines and operated as a safeguard against that savage outrage which was often mercilessly visited upon the American and [English settlers. In the early part of the seventeenth century a French settlement and trading post was established at Vincennes, on the Wabash, then one of the great aveuues from the St. Lawrence to the Illinois country. From this French colony the first settlements in Lawrence county originated. By a French rule settlers received allotments of land, which they located at pleasure. Many of them chose their portions in what is now the county of Lawrence. Little is known of them except their names on record. They were required to be resi- dent settlers prior to 1783. The following is a list of these grantees, mainly French but partly Anglo- American : J. B. Dumais, Francois Bosseron, Roux, Paul Gamelin, Pierre Barthe, Pierre Carnoyer, Francois Brouillat, Joseph Durharm, Joseph Huniot, Madame Denoyon, Louis Denoyon, August Du Gal, J. B. Vil- lery, Toussaint Denoyon, Francois Bosseron, Jr., Joseph Tougas, Antoine Bardeleau, Laurent Bazadon, Alexis Ladavont, Joseph Durocher, Madame Cornoyer, Francois Pettier, Louis Raveilate, Philip Dejean, Pierre Grimayoe Lezate Clairmont, Widow Maria, Heirs of Dubois, Jean Leguarde, Jean Baptist Culy, Pierre Godairie, Nic. Bal- lenjeau Alexauder Valle, Jacques Lallemoille, Ambrois Degenet, Jacques Couteaux, Jean Sauvage, Baptiste Bonate, Joseph Tougas, Jacques Louis, Jean B. Vaudry, Louis Boisjean, Jean B. Racine, Jean C. Thiriot, Ga- briel Boulon, Pierre Levriet, Etienne St. Marie and Francois St. Marie; Jacob Howell, Hannah Dalton, Solomon Small, Lawrence Slaughter, John Bailey ; Moses Decker, Henry Speek, probably Germans; Moses Henry, John Culberton, G. R. Clark, heirs of Ezekiel Johnson, Israel Ruland, Andrew Robinson, Francis Hamlin, V. T. Dutton, Thomas Hall, Christopher Wyatt and Nicho- las Varner. The title to the lands occupied by parties named in the foregoing list originated by donations made by French commandants of Vincennes prior to 1764, also by English commandants, 1764-1778, by Virginia im- provement rights, and lastly by grants of the United States, their so-called head of family rights and militia rights, Winthrop Sargent, acting as governor in place of Arthur St. Clair in 1790, granted small tracts of land to Luke Decker, Robert Buntin, Henry Vander- burgh and Samuel Bradley. The court at Vincennes, by authority delegated to it by M. Le Gras, Col. John Todd’s lieutenant, about 1780, granted to Pierre Luerez, father and son, ten leagues (30 miles) “deep,” of which they sold various tracts to other parties. Isaac Decker bought 2000, John Powell 5000 and Thomas Flower 20,000 acres of them. Pierrie Gamelin came in for a large share also, which enabled him to sell 27,000 acres to Nicholas Perrott and 41,000 acres to Thomas Flower. What may be termed modern settlement in Lawrence county dates back to the beginning of the present cen- tury. The immigration and settlement prior to that time might, in most instances at least, more properly be called speculation. At all events they were not “ac- tual,’’ in the moral sense of the term, so as to be permanent, though they may have answered legal re- quirement. But before proceeding to speak of the modern settlements, it may be pertinent to add some- thing concerning the early marriages, performing as they did indirectly an important function in the settle- ment and development of the county. The records show the following marriages solemnized in the county HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 69 during the first years of its existence. A number of licenses issued at that time seem to have been wasted, inasmuch as there is no evidence of the proper binding of the nuptial knots in many instances: Squire Thomas Anderson solemnized the marriage of Mr. Benjamin Norton and Nancy Thorn, on the 20th of June, 1821. It is to be hoped that their path through life was freed from thorns, and strewn with roses instead. Andrew Carns and Nellie Anderson joined hands for life on the 27th of June, Squire Benjamin McCleave officiating. Thomas Gordon and Sarah But- ler, June 30, married by J. C. Clark, a minister of the gospel ; Samuel Mundell and Nancy Adams, July 19, by H. M. Gillham, J. P.; P. Bourdelon and Julia Aupin, July 31, by Rev. J. C. Clark ; Jetson Gowen and Nancy Morris, August 6, by James Westfall, J. P.; John Smith and Elizabeth Baird, September 9, by H. M. Gillham, J. P,; Jonathan Phelps and Sally Gowen, by Daniel Travis, September 26; John Armstrong and Susannah Lemons, October 17, by Squire Anderson ; John Hun- ter and Mary Robinson, December 13, by same; Wil- liam Martin and Syrithia Clark, December 13, by John Martin, M. G.; Henry Jones and Ibby Lester, Dec. 20, by Joseph Baird, J. P.; Aaron Wells and Catherine Vanosdall, Dec. 25, by Squire Anderson ; James Miller and Nancy McBeans, January +, 1822, by Squire Baird; Samuel V. Allison and Matilda Mills, Feb. 8, by same; Joshua 8. Johnson and Mary Gardner, April 23, by J. C. Ruark, J. P.; Samuel Herron and Martha Leech, Sept. 14, by J. C. Clark, M. G.; Robert Barney and Casiah Pargin, July 3, by Benjamin McClean, J. P.; Jacob Parker and Peggy Dockery, September 2, 1822, executed by Squire McLean; Henry Reineyking and Matilda Chenowith, September 21, by Squire Ander- son; Joshua Dudley and Barbery Clark, October 19, by same; Nathaniel Hysmith and Elizabeth Matthews, Nov. 11, by J. Baird, J. P.; Oliver W. Phelps and Hannah Mason, January 4, 1823, by S. H. Clubb, J. P.; Elihu Cole and Letty Morris, Jan. 22, by Squire An- derson; John Organ and Jane Gilbert, Feb. 4, by same; Peter Cisco and Eliza Chandler, Feb. 11, by James Nabb, J. P.; John Snider and Nancy Allison, March 17, by Joseph Baird, J. P.; Benjamin Sumner and Sally Laws, June 7, by 8. H. Clubb, J. P.; Charles Martin and Betsey Spencer, July 18, by Rev. Clark; Thomas Parson and Eliza Huston, July 28, by William Kinkard, J. P.; Andrew McClure and Betsey Allison, September 24, by Joseph Baird, J. P.; James Leeds and Judy Mattox, Oct.15, by B. McCleave, J. P.; Philip Lewis and Polly Craven, Nov. 12, by same; John Summers and Emily Woodrow, Dec. 4, by Squire Kinkade—18 marriages during the first half-year of the county’s existence, 9 in the full year, 1822, and 13 during the year 1823. Settlements for the purposes of permanent residence, improvement and agriculture were made along the Wa- bash opposite Vincennes, and principally at St. Francis- ville. These were made by French immigrants from Vin- cenesandCanada. An American settlement was formed at Russellville prior to 1812, and another at Centerville in 1815, called the Christian settlement, as most of that community were members of the Christian church. Those in the interior of the county were formed at a later date, after the storm of war had passed entirely away and the Indians had become reccnciled to the advance of civilization. Although less characteristic and definite, they continued to be formed into neigh- borhoods, as acquaintanceship, agreement in religion, or color or eligibility of locality suggested. The negro settlement was in the vicinity of Pinkstaff station, and the Lackey neighborhood, some distance east of this locality. Charlottesville, on the Embarras, is the site of the Shaker colony formed in 1819. The Corrie purchase, resulting in the acquisition of a large tract of land in Decker’s prairie by John and William Corrie, of Scotland, was made in 1818; shortly after this date it was settled by the Corries and their connections. Ruark’s prairie, in the southeastern part of Lukin town- ship, was settled by a family of that name. The French settlement of St. Francisville contained within it the elements of permanence, both in respect of locality and the habits of its members. The native lan- guage is still used, interchangeably with the English, in many households. Joseph Tugaw, properly Tougas, was the pioneer and first permanent settler, not only of this vicinity, but also of Lawrence county ; he came from ‘Vincennes, and located on the present site of St. Fran- cisville about the year 1803 or 1804; his two brothers, William and August Tougas, and John Longlois were with him there, but soon moved to what afterward be- came Rochester, in Wabash county, and were the first settlers in that vicinity. About the year 1809 or ’10, came Francis Tougas, another of the four brothers, who assumed a leading part in the pioneer life of Lawrence aud Wabash counties. They immigrated from Vin- cennes, and were marvels of physicial strength and stat- ure; Joseph was a leading spirit, and the center of in- fluence in the settlement of which he formed a part; in 1814 he was the only slave-owner, except John Stillwell, in all that vast region, then known as Edwards county. In that year he was the only resident in said county who owned a “ mansion house.” Its taxable value was $300.00. In the year 1812 he constructed a picket or stockade fort for the protection of himself and his neighbors against the Indians; it consisted of an enclo- sure formed by placing large stakes or pickets in the earth side by side. The enclosure was some twelve or fourteen feet high, and was a sort of city wall; for within were a number of log dwellings, for the use of the fami- lies that sought protection there ; in two of the corners of the stockade were watch-houses, projecting beyond the enclosure, at the sides and at some distance above the ground, so as to command a view of the enemy that might be approaching. At night the heavy oaken doors were swung to and barred, the guards took their places in the watch-houses, and the drowsy inmates lay down 70 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. to rest. Among the cabins within the enclosure was the negro hut, occupied by the slaves of Joseph Tugaw. Soon after his arrival, probably about 1805 or ’06, Tu- gaw established a ferry on the Wabash, at St. Francis- ville; the boat with which it was operated was sufficient to carry two carts. The pioneer died at the home of his first choice, which afterward became the site of St. Francisville, of which his widow, Frances, was the original proprietor. Francis Tugaw settled about a mile and a half north of the village. Joseph and Amab Potvine, nicknamed and usually called Arpas, came from Vincennes about 1804 or ’05; the former had three children, the latter was a bachelor; they settled a short distance west of the village. About the year 1806 or 08 the French settlement was augmented by the immi- gration from Vincennes of Andrew and Charles Lacoste, Pierre Gremore, L. Bonaut, Philip Deschaut, Andrew Godaire and Joseph Venve; the latter settled south of St. Francisville, in the edge of Wabash county. At a little later date, but prior to 1813, the families of John Shirkey and Charles Moyes were added to the settlement. The latter received the pseudonym of Coy, meaning “spot.” It originated from the circumstance that Moyes, on one occasion, went under the yoke from which Coy, his ox, had dropped dead, and assisted the other ox in hauling the load. Nearly all the early French set- vlers were familiarly known by some nickname, whose history would explain a laughable circumstance in the simple lives of these early French pioneers, The settlement opposite Vincennes, at Wesport, never attained to much prominence, and was mainly accessory to the ferry established to accommodate travel to and from Vincennes, along the Cahokia and Kaskaskia traces, These highways from the Wabash to the Mis- sissippi had been worked out by the Indians and buffa- loes long before the advent of civilization. The ferry was operated, about the beginning of the present cen- tury, by Joseph La Motte, a Frenchman and Indian trader, whose round log cabin stood alone and solitary on the west bank of the Wabash. On more than one occa- sion was he obliged, single-handed, to defend it and his family against the attacks of the Indians; one night they climbed upon the roof, and though he was the only male inmate, he frightened them away by directing, in a loud voice, a number of persons to assume certain po- sitions, and to do certain acts toward repelling the attack. But though the assailants left without doing material damage to the house, or bodily harm to its in- mates, they led away its owner's horse. On another oc- casion, in 1809 or 710, anticipating an attack by some Indians he observed cross the river to Vincennes, he sent his wife and children out into the wood, and stood ready, single-handed and alone, to defend his habitation and his life; the looked-for onset was made, and the valor withw hich he defended himself and his home is sufficient- ly attested by the fact that, during the onset, he received seven bullet wounds; at day-break the Indians gave up the attack and left, but not without a number of injured in their ranks. Imagine the anxiety and horror that must have filled the souls of the wife and children as they sat in their solitary retreat, and listened to the sharp echoes of the rifles, as they sank to silence along the shores of the Wabash! La Motte was afterward killed by the Indians on the creek and in the prairie that still bear his name, in Crawford county. After his death his widow opera- ted the ferry till about 1812, when it passed under the management of her son-in-law, James Gibson. Across the way from La Motte’s lived a family named White. Also in that vicinity dwelt a family of Buntons, three of whom, the mother and two of three daughters, were, one afternoon, massacred; the remaining daughter, whose name was Jane, escaped and secreted herself in a corn- field till night, when she swam the Wabash to Vincennes. This brave girl, at the time of the massacre, was fortu- nately wearing on her head a handkerchief, after the manner of the French, whom the Indians were not wont to disturb, so long as they betrayed no affiliation with the Americans. If not suffered voluntarily to escape, she was probably reserved for more clemency of treat- ment, as captivity. About a mile below the ferry, at the “Ford,” lived a French family, named Senette. Somewhere also, in this vicinity, was the home of Chas. Boneaut. Some distance above the ferry landing, on the bluff known as Dubois’ hill, lived the family of that name; they had three sons, Toussaint, Lawrence, and Killgore; the family became conspicuous in the civil and business affairs of the county. Toussaint was drowned while crossing Indian creek. On Dubois’ hill, in troublous Indian days, lived an old negro, called “ Billy o’ the Bow,” and his dusky conjugal companion, Seeley by name; they lived together in a house not made with hands—a hollow sycamore tree—till their in- dependent life together was brought to a close by a bullet from the rifle of some lurking Indian. Going north along the river till the vicinity of Russellville is reached, the settlements are of a more recent date. This vicinity was settled about the year 1809 or ’10 by some Baptist families from Kentucky. Most con- spicuous among them were the Allisons, of whom there were four families, whose respective heads were Samuel and his two sons, Frederick and Ezra, and his brother Jonathan. Of these, the first possessed the element of pioneer the most prominently. He was fond of the pursuit of game, and frequently brought down, and dressed the saddles of as many as fifteen deer between sun and sun. When the redoubtable Tecumseh had impressed upon the remnant tribes in the Wabash valley, a sense of their supposed wrongs, and they began a career of de- predation and pillage, the necessity of some means of life and property became apparent. A stockade fort was accordingly built in the spring of 1812, on Samuel Allison’s improvement, now within the northern corpor- ate limits of Russellville, called Fort Allison. The construction of this defensive arrangement was similar to that at St. Francisville, above described. Besides the Allisons, the families of Thomas Mills, William Stock- HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 71 well, McBane, William Hogue, Daniel and Henry Kuykendall, and the colored families of Anderson, Morris, and Tannann were early inmates of the fort. Stockwell and Anderson were shot by the Indians, the former on returning from Fort La Motte, the latter somewhere in the neighborhood of Fort Allison. The wife of Anderson wanted a cannon mounted on Dubois hill to deal out indiscriminate slaughter among the Indians. During the days of “ forting,” 1812-1815, a party of thirteen Rangers, one rainy day, were passing from Fort La Motte to Fort Allison, and, when within halfa mile of the latter, were fired upon by a number of Indians. They suffered no bodily harm or incon- venience, save that of the strange circumstance that the handkerchiefs they were wearing about their necks were, in two cases, shot away. The party on leaving Fort La Motte, discharged their guns, as a precaution against wet priming, and, when fired upon, were unable to return the attack. As Austin Tann was returning, one day, from Small’s Mill on the Embarras, with a sack of meal, he was pursued by a band of Indians on ponies. He was riding a large horse and took refuge in the marsh, southwest of Russellville. His pursuers were unable to follow him with their ponies, and he escaped with the loss only of his grist. The pious community that settled at Russellville, established the pioneer church of Lawrence county. It was organized in 1817, and built a house of worship, in 1821. It was named Little Village church, which name was also given to the burial place that lay adjoining it. “ Little Village” was an Indian hamlet that stood on the site of Russellville, This vicinity was an important one in the rude un- written annals of savage life. This is shown by the ex- istence of mounds, commonly in groups, scattered along the river for the distance of a mile and a half from Russellville south. Investigation shows that they were burial places, but whether they were used for ordinary interments or designed as monuments to the memory of those who had distinguished themselves in council or in battle, may be treated as a matter of conjecture. Among the characters of note, buried in this vicinity, was Little Turtle, the sworn enemy of the pale face, and the father of Captain William Wills, who had been taken captive, when a child, and who was killed in the Chicago massacre, in 1812. Around his neck, in life, he wore a neatly carved figure of the animal, whose name he bore, and when he died it was buried with him, and was a few yearsagoexhumed. Among the tribes, rem nants of whom, at the advent of the white man, roamed over the territory of the county, in savage sport and pastime, by marsh and stream, and river and timber- skirt, were the Miamis, Pottawotamies, Delawares, Shawnees and others. The latter through Tecumseh, claimed the whole of the Wabash valley, and endeavored to annul the title of government to such territory as it had acquired from other tribes. The dramatic interview between Tecumseh and Gov. Harrison in this behalf, has passed into history, and was witnessed by Austin Iann, an early colored pioneer. Communication between the east and west shores of the Wabash, in the vicinity of Russellville, was had at an early day by means of a ferry established and operated by a man named Lana- fere. Though most of the early settlements were made along the Wabash, a few found their way into the in- terior, along the Cahokia and Kaskaskia traces, and the Embarras river. On the banks of this stream, about a mile and a quarter above its mouth, in 1805 or 1806, settled John Small. Shortly after this date, he built a frame water mill, which became familiarly known as Small’s mill. After Small’s death his widow married a man named Brown, and the mill was, in later years, called Brown's. It was among the very earliest, if not the first frame building, in the territory of Lawrence county. The dam was built of hewed logs, supported by rock and earth. It was a most important economic in- stitution in those early days, and commanded trade from a wide extent of country. It was doubtless watched by the lurking Indians with an eye of unrest, as he read in it the’sad prophecy of coming events. Tradition tells ef many adventures with the natives at this point. Tecumseh and his fifteen hundred warriors encamped in this vicinity during the war of 1812. Some distance above the mill, in a little log cabin, at a locality called “ Muscle shoals,” lived William Harriman with his wife and four children. Seneca Amy, a young man, lived with them. Mrs. Harriman, for two successive nights, dreamed that she saw her children hurribly butchered. She told her husband that she regarded the dreams as prophetic of their fate, unless they sought some place of safety. He endeavored to quiet her fears, but became himself apprehensive on account of a sulky disposition manifested by the natives whom he met, and yielded to her importunitie. The family had gone to the river edge, when young Amy started back for a gun they had forgotten. He had not advanced far, when he saw the cabin surrounded by Indians, and, unobserved, dodged into the brush and escaped. They immediately followed in pursuit of the family, and shot Harriman seated in a pirogue, and tomahawked the mother and children. Tradition says there were also other victims of this massacre, which took place about the year 1812. The girls are said to have been beautiful, and to have had magnificent heads of long hair. Still farther up the river, it is said, another family fell victims to savage ferocity. One day two men left the block-house, at the mill, and went down to the marsh to shoot duck. They were attacked and one of them was shot and toma- hawked and sealped. Johnand Levi Compton, of the timber settlement in Wabash county, and Israel Potvine and Francis Tugaw buried him at the foot of a white oak tree, upon which they chopped a cross, yet to be seen. In 1805 or 1806, Wiliam Spencer built a double log house, where the Cahokia trace crossed the Embarras. It was subsequently moved farther down the river to Small’s mill. Shortly after this, Nathan Rawlings settled on Indian creek, at the crossing of the trace. 72 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. With the exception of these few outpost settlements, the interior of Lawrence county remained unbroken wilderness till 1815, when the storm of war having passed away, immigration, which for three years had been entirely checked or confined to the fortifications along the Wabash, set rapidly in. The doors of the forts were also thrown open, and their inmates went forth to the avocations of peace. In this year the “Christian neighborhood,” now the vicinity of Center- ville, was settled by people of the New Light, afterward the Christian faith, principally from Tennessee. Among them were the Harrises, Howards, Rigses, Ashbrooks. Johnsons, Leneves, Turners, Andersons, Adamses, Lemons, Berries, and others equally worthy of mention. This was an important centre of industry, good neigh- borhood, and education in that early day. The ‘“ Cen- ter School-house,’’ a double log building designed for school and church purposes, was put up in 1816 or '17, and in point of antiquity and importance, deserves a place at the head of educational and church efforts in the State of Illinois. Henry Palmer and Eli Harris, both of whom came to the settlement in 1815, were re- spectively the pioneer minister and teacher. The colored inmates of Fort Allison began a settlement in the neighborhood of Pinkstaff station, and as they were law-abiding like their fair-complexioned fellow-citizens, so they shared equally with them the blessings of pro- tection and civil liberty. The soil of Illinois as a State is free from the taint of slavery. The sentiments of her people, with their broad liberality, and respect for the rights of man could never tolerate an institution whose essential features were a violation of those rights; rights whose sacredness depends not upon the character of the owner, but upon the character of the rights themselves. Most of the immigrants who brought slaves with them to the territory of Illinois, liberated them, as though her broad lands and spreading prairies were a moral rebuke. An effort was made, in 1816 or ’17, by two Tennesseeans, William and John Leach, father and son, to establish a slave farm or plantation on an extensive scale in the neighborhood of Little Raccoon creek. This germ of the dark institution was crushed by the admission of Illinois into the Union as a free State. Not only did she guarantee liberty to those within her own borders, but in after years by her most gifted son, to every one within the broad limits of the United States. Though a feeling of equality, regardless of race or color, was a prevailing sentiment among the pioneers yet it is not strange that something of préjudice should have per- vaded the minds of some individuals. And in this con- nection it may be pertinent to mention an incident re- lated by Hon. O. B. Ficklin, not only as illustrating this poiat, but as throwing light upon the administration of justice in the county's infancy. During a wrangle at a drinking place in Lawrenceville, a negro hit a white man with a rock, and severely injured him. Knowledge of the affair came to the ears of one of the early resident justices of the place, who rushed headlong into the court room, wh:re Judge Wilson was presiding, and hallooed out: “ Judge Wilson, Judge Wilson, adjourn the court. A most grievous outrage has been committed; a nigger has hit a white man with a rock!"’ The negro settle- ment, in the course of time, worked its way further south, and is now mainly within the northern confines of Lawrence township. The next important settlement was that of a colony of Shakers, on the Embarras river, formed in 1819. The tenets and regulations of the sect were strictly carried out by this community. In their modeof life they were communistic, and their affairs were managed by a board of three trustees. The colony numbered about forty individuals, male and female, who lived separate and apart from each other. Their most important act was the building of the old “Shaker mill,” the particulars of whose his- tory may be learned from the chapter on Bond Town- ship. The breaking and washing away of the mill dam about two years after their settlement, was the signal at which they left fur other parts, principally Shakertown, Indiana, whence they came. The four years interven- ing between the return of peace, in 1815, and the forma- tion of the settlement just mentioned brought many, home seekers to the shores of Lawrence county, who penetrated into the interior. Their names will be found in their appropriate places in the township histories. They were a brave and hardy set of men, and nobly triumphed over the difficulties incident to life in a new country. Disease lingered in the marshes, the wild beasts stood ready to pounce on the fold, and the Indian, though nominally at peace with the pale face, was a walking embodiment of latent hostility that made the home of the settler a place of constant anxiety and unrest. James Baird was shot by an Indian while working in his field south of Russellville, in 1815 or 1816. In 1819 a family of McCalls settled some distance north of Law- renceville. At that time, or shortly after, a party of Delaware Indians, from a camp on Brushy Fork, came to McCall’s cabin and demanded whisky. He refused compliance with their demand, and they murdered him. Kill Buck, a chief, Captain Thomas and Big Panther were convicted of the crime, but from motives of policy were suffered to go unpunished. Some time subsequent to 1824, the wolves one night almost entirely devoured a cow and the calf she had just given birth to, belonging to Renick Heath, then residing at the old Shaker mill. Hight wolves were found gormandizing on their flesh in the morning, and were with some difficulty driven eff. An amusing and instructive incident, bearing upon the habits of the panther, is related by Mr. Heath, one of the few pioneers who yet remain to tell the romantic stories of early life in Illinois. One night a wolf was heard barking violently some distance off.. It continued till daybreak, when Mr. Heath, gun in hand, went to inves- tigate. He saw the wolf at some distance jumping up and from side to side, as it kept up a constant barking. He continued to advance, and when within a short dis- tance of the wolf, was greatly surprised to observe a pan- HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. ther, which had been the object of so much ado, leap from a limb. Both animals made good their escape. Beneath the tree lay the fresh, partially devoured body of a raccoon, upon which the panther is supposed to have been feeding, when the wolf rudely obtruded. The former animal, when attacked, is readily induced to ascend a tree, less perhaps as a refuge from, than as a convenient means of attacking, an adversary. Game, in the days of which we are writing, was abundant almost to an extent exceeding our belief. The wild fowls were so numerous, that while they were an abun- dant and convenient supply of food, they were a serious drawback to early husbandry, not only as destroying the fruits, but as discouraging the efforts of labor. Wheat fields were frequently completely destroyed by them. Hunting was an important pursuit, and supplied directly or indirectly the luxuries as well as the neces- saries of life. Every man was either by choice or necessity a hunter. Conspicuous among the former were Samuel Allison and Peter Paragin. Allison was not only an expert hunter, but was also skillful in Indian warfare. A day’s hunt would frequently yield him fif- teen saddles of deer. If not the first American settler in Lawrence county, he was among the most conspicuous. One of his daughters-in-law, an English lady, whose maiden name was Rebecca Moody, made bullets in an old oven for the colonists at the battles of Bunker Hill and Cowpens. Paragin was the pioneer of the north- western part of the county. He pushed his way into the wilderness far in advance of his fellows, and by his triumphs over the beasts of the forest, lent two names to the geographical vocabulary of the county. “ Paragin slough” commemorates the killing of two bears, and “ Eagle Branch” is an epitome of the story of the cap- ture on that stream of an eagle of extraordinary size. Not only did the flesh of wild animals serve for the set- tler’s table, but their skins supplied the necessity of cloth- ing. A pioneer with buckskin breeches, a homespun coat, and a coonskin cap was an embodiment of these lines of Pope: “ Happy the man whose wish and care A few paternal acres bound, Content to breathe his native air In his own ground!” An important early industry was bee-hunting. The destiny of the Indian is to recede befure the approach of the white man; it is the province of the honey-bee to act on the rever e, and precede the advance of civilization, The approach of the honey-bee was always a sad har- binger to the Indians, for they knew the pale faces were not far behind. At an early period bees were very numerous in Illinois, in the groves and along the skirts of timber; hence the product of the hive became a desirable commodity in trade and commerce; and when the farmer wished a little “ land office” money, this was an article that would readily command it. They would take their beeswax, deer-skins and peltries to the water- courses, and descend in their canoes or improvised boats 10 7 73 constructed for the purpose, to New Orleans and other markets. Bee-hunting excursions were an annual occur- rence. In the spring, when the wild flower unfolded its petals, the search would begin. It was not ouly an avocation, but it was a science or trade, and an expert bee-hunter could find ready employment. The principal early agricultural industry was cotton-raising. Allison Prairie was the cotton-field of the Wabash Valley. Its cultivation began some time prior to 1820, and con- tinued for several years. Cotton gins were not uncom- mon, and the spinning-wheel was in every cabin. The raising of cattle and hogs was likewise an important industry. Wild grass and mast for their sustenance were abundant. Illinois has always assumed an honor- able part in the matter of education, so materially con- cerning the welfare of a free people; and as soon as an immigration set in the school teacher was abroad in the land. Among those who taught in the county limits from 1817 to 1819 were Mrs. Clark, Agnes Corrie, George Godfrey, I-aiah Lewis, Larkin Ryle, John Martin, Jas. Swainey, Borden and Fleming. The school teacher and the minister went hand in hand, and, in many instances, performed the same office. The same rude log structure served alike for the school and asa house of worship. The early resident ministers were: Revs. Blithe Mc- Corcle, Mr. Stone, John Clark, Richard B. McCorcle, William Ramsey, John Dollahan, Samuel Borden, Wil- liam Kincaid, Daniel Travis, and others, among whom was “Squealing Johnny ” Parker, as he was called. He styled himself a “ Two-see Baptist.’’ Travelling preach- ers frequently came into the territory, and among them were James Hughes, John Rodgers, David McDonald, Elijah Gooden, Peter Cartwright and Lorenzo Dow. One of the most needed and poorly supplied blessings of pioneer life were mills. Long and hazardous journeys were necessary to secure the grinding of a bag of meal. Small’s mill, on the Embarras, built in 1805 or 1806, was one of the earliest in the State of Illinois; but, considering the difficulty of reaching it through dense forests and swollen streams, it was scarcely a convenience _except to a few. We have thus set forth briefly the dangers and hard- ships of those who paved the way for whatever is grand in morals or government or magnificent in struc. ture in the county of Lawrence. Let the reader compare the present with the past, and then let him reflect how rapid has been the march of progress and how marvellous has been the change. WABASH COUNTY. The county of Wabash is an offspring of Edwards county ; yet the first settlements made within the vast boundaries of the latter were within the limits of what is now Wabash county. The first settlers were a few French families, who located on the Wabash river, near the point known as 74 Rochester, in Coffee precinct. This was about 1800. Prominent among these was the family of Tougas, also named Lavulette. This occured from Mrs. Tougas marrying a man by the name of Lavulette, and some of the children of Mrs. Tougas, assumed the name of their step-father. There were four brothers, August, William, Joseph, and Francis. They were all well formed, athle- tic men, and possessed of such material as to brave the wilds of the frontier. The former is said to have been six and one-half feet in stature. During the Indian troubles; they remained and trafficked with them. The Indians both feared and respected them. The word of August among the treacherous Piankashaws was law, and it is said that he even went so far as to inflict pun ishment upon some of the tribe for petty theft. An Indian is bound to respect and admire his superior in strength. In this capacity, August had demonstrated to their picked warriors, that he was their superior, by friendly hand to hand, athletic sports with them. It was through this means that they stood in such awe and fear of him. While others were massacred and pillaged, he was never disturbed. In 1838 he sold his posses- sions at Rochesterand moved to Mt. Carmel, where he engaged in the hotel business. He coutinued in this calling for several years, when he returned to Coffee pre- cinct, where he died in 1849. His eldest daughter, Mrs. Stewart, is now a resident of Texas. One daugh- ter, wife of Captain Sharp, livesin Mt. Carmel. William was a man of a family when he moved from Vincennes to the county, locating near the mouth of Coffee creek, with the rest of the family. He remained here a few years, when he moved to the banks of Raccoon creek, in Lawrence county. Two years afterward he removed to near Vincennes. After a short stay here he re- turned to Coffee precinct and permanently located in sec- tion 10, township 2 south, range 13 west. This was about 1816. He built and operated a horse mill, which was one of the first in the county. He died on his farm at the age of 75 years. Joseph and Francis Tougas, subse- quently located at St. Francisville, in Lawrence county. The first American settlement was made in what is now Wabash precinct, in about 1802. Those having the honor of striking the first blow toward civilization in this part of the county, were Levi Compton and Joshua Jordan, brothers-in-law. The former was a native of Virginia, but as early as 171, he moved to Kentucky, and from thence to Illinois in the year above stated. He then had a family of a wife and six chil- dren. He first located on the Wabash river, in section 26, township 1 north, range 12 west, where he constructed a cabin and improved a few acres of land. Not liking the locality, he removed to section 12. It was here, in 1814. that he built what was probably the first horse-mill in the county. A fort was also built here about 1810, which was known as Compton fort It was enclosed with a palisade and contained dwellings, grana- ries, booths, etc., for the convenience of the inmates, and was suflicient in size to accommodate about one hundred HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. families. In the time of the Indian troubles, at a pre- concerted signal, the families of the settlement would take refuge in the fort, where they would remain until it was pronounced safe to leave. In about 1817, Mr. Compton moved to township 2 south, range 14 west, and settled in section 13, where he spent the remainder of his days. He was a‘representative man, and had the honor of being a member of the first Constitutional Con- vention in 1818. From 1818 to 1820, he was in the State Senate. He died about 1844, at the advanced age of eighty years. One son, Joseph Compton, is a citizen of Coffee precinct, and is said to be the first white child born in the county. Joshua Jordan was also from Virginia, and at his coming had a family of four children. While a resident of that State, for a time, he was a tenant of George Washington, and was with the General at the memora- ble Braddock’s defeat. On coming to Illinois, he located in section 12, near Mr. Compton. He remained here several years, when he removed to Barney’s prairie, where he resided until his death. A pioneer of 1804, was John Stillwell, a native of Kentucky. He had a family of two sons, Samuel and James. Besides his family he had a negro slave by the name of Armstead. From the records of 1822, we find that the slave was liberated in that year. Mr. Stillwell located on the southwest quarter of section 12, where he improved quite. a farm for those days. He con- structed a stockade during the Indian troubles, for the protection of his family and stock. It is said that he was avery eccentric man. Although one of the wealth- iest citizens among the early settlers, he took pleasure in wearing the poorest of clothes, and bearing the most shabby of appearances. It is related of him, that at one time he lost his hat, and from that time forth he went bareheaded, until such time as he said his hat should have lasted. Many are the peculiarities related of him, by those who knew him personally or by reputation. He movd to Bellmont precinct in 1820, and perma- nently located in section 21. Enoch Greathouse was a pioneer of 1804, and set- tled on the land now occupied by the city of Mt. Carmel. He was a native of Germany, and on coming to the States he first stopped in Pennsylvania, sub- sequently moved to Kentucky, and from thence to Illinois. He had a family of a wife and four children, also one grand-child. In 1817, he suld his property at Mt Carmel, and moved to the now extinct town of Cen- terville, where he died long ago, at the age of 110 years. Several of his descendants are citizens of this and Edwards county. Mrs. Sylvester Greathouse, of Mt. Carmel, is a great-grand-daughter. John Degan was one of the early French settlers of Coffee precinct, and came a short time after the Lavu- letts. He was originally from Detroit, Michigan, and in his movement westward he first stopped at Vincennes, and from thence to the French settlement in Wabash county. He first located at Rochester, his family then HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 75 consisting of his wife and two sons, Henry and William, and a stepson, Frank Burway. Two years later he permanently settled in section 10, where he engaged in stock raising. He died here in 1848, leaving a family, some of whom are yet living at or near the old home. Joseph Burway and Joseph Pichinant were also early French settlers. In 1815, they were both killed by the Indians in the Coffee bottoms. They had gone in search of their horses, and while tramping through the bot- toms, were surprised by the red-skins and massacred. Only one, Burway, carried a rifle, Pichinant being mar- ried. Three other pioneers were in the bottoms at the time, and heard the report of Burway’s rifle, followed by a volley of several guns. They surmised the cause, and soon roused the settlement to action. On going to the point where the firing was heard, the dead and muti- lated bodies of the unfortunate men were found. The Indians were pursued, but were not overtaken. From the evidences on their trail, Burway had fought desper- ately before he was killed, as several dead Indians were found along the trail. Francis Degan, brother of John before mentioned, came with his family in about 1811, and settled on the bluff, a little below Rochester. He had two sons, Augustus and Francis, Jr. The latter is yet living, and is one of the prominent citizens of Coffee precinct. John Wood came from Kentucky, in the spring of 1809, and erected a small cabin in section 36, township lnorth, range 13 west, now Friendsville precinct. He then returned to Kentucky, and in the fall moved his family to his new made home. He soon cultivated a little farm, and was one of the first to plant an orchard in the county. A year latter, he and his few neighbors were obliged to erect a fort to protect their families against the marauding bands of Indians. The neigh- borhood was always on the sharp look-out for the red skins, but strange to say, this settlement was never dis- turbed by them. John Wood Jr., is the only survivor of the pioneer family. He resides on the farm where his father first settled. Joseph Wood, a son of the latter, came here in an early day prior to his father, and set- tled in section 30, township 1 north, range 13 west, where he remained until his death, leaving quite a family. William Barney located in the same settlement about the same time as Mr. Wood. He was from Western New York, on the banks of the Genesee. He ex- changed his live stock for a raft of lumber at the Alle- gheny river, and upon this he and his family floated down to the mouth of the Wabash. Here he sold his raft, and purchased a keel boat and poled his way to Ramsey's rapids. The male members went overland through the timber toselect a sitefor a home. A broad stretch of prairie came to view, and it was here that they pitched their tent, and soon afterwards threw up a cabin. Since which time this part of the county has ‘been known as Barney’s prairie. His cabin was erected near where the Friendsville Academy now stands. Judge Barney became an influential man in the county, and was always among the foremost in lending a hand to improve and develop the county. He was one of the three first County Commissioners, which position he held for several years. A fort was erected near his place in 1811, which took the name of Barney’s Fort. It was large and commodious, sufficient to accommodate all the families in the settlement. A well may yet be seen, which was dug within the fort, a relic of ye olden time. In 1812, the fort was felt to be insecure, and all the parties moved over into Indiana and passed the winter in a block-house. In the spring they returned to their homes, and although the Shawnees were plenty and still hostile, yet the settlers of Barney’s prairie were unmo- lested. Mr. Barney died many years ago, on his farm in section 23, a little southwest of Friendsville. Shortly after Mr. Barney’s advent here, his three sons-in-law moved into the settlement. They were Ran- som Higgins, Philo Ingraham, and Wilbour Aldridge. The former wasa large athletic man, and possessed of more than ordinary courage. He built one of the first water-mills in this region of the country. It was sit- uated on Barney’s Prairie creek, and was constructed as early as 1813. One of his sons was accidentally killed by one of the rangers while target shooting at Barney’s fort. His remains were buried in the Friendsville cem- etery, and it was the first interment made there. Philo Ingraham located in section twenty, near Mr. Barney, where he lived until 1840, when he moved to Clay county. Mr. Aldridge settled on the northwest quarter of section 24. Nathaniel Claypole emigrated here in 1814, and set- tled in section thirty-two, Friendsville precinct. He was a prominent citizen, and very popular among his acquaintances. He was appointed the first County and Circuit Clerk after the organization of Edwards county, and died while in office,in 1815. Thomas Pulliam came in the same year as the above, and located in section thirty-two, township two north, range 12 west. His name appears upon the records as the assessor of Em- barras township as early as 1817. He lived here on his farm until his death, which occurred long ago. Near Pulliam’s lived John and Moses Decker. Their settle- ment was also made in 1814. The prairie upon which they located bears their name. One of the most prominent settlers of 1813 or ’14 was Seth Gard, who came from Ohio, and permanently located in section twenty-eight, now Lick Prairie pre- cinct. The locality where he settled was known as Gard’s Point, and the post-office established there in an early day, is still known by that name. Judge Gard was a man of great force of character, and endowed with more than ordinary ability and cool judgment. He possed a quiet vein of humor, a keen sense of the ridic- ulous, and thorough convictions of right and justice. He was a representative man in every sense of the word, and his counsel was sought on every hand by the early settlers When Edwards county was organized, he was 76 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. chosen to represent its people in the Territorial Legisla- ture, which position he occupied until the admission of the State, in 1818. He was appointed one of the judges of the first County Court, and was one of the members of the Constitutional Convention at Kaskaskia, in 1818. In fact, he was in public life until he became too infirm to longer bear the responsibilities incurred thereby. Aaron Waggoner, a nephew of Judge Gard, came with him and located near-his premises. He was a stone- mason by trade, and proved a useful acquisition to the little colony. In the same year, Jacob Claypole settled in section four, township one north, range thirteen west. William Jordan, Nathaniel Osgood, Benjamin Rey- nolds, and Henry I. Mills settled in what is now Lan- caster precinct in 1814. The former was from Kentucky, and had a family of four children. In about 1818, he erected a large distillery on his premises. Heremained on his farm until his death. The Osgood family came from Ohio. It consisted of a married son, Nathaniel, and four other children. Reynolds was from Kentucky, and had a family of three sons, John, Richard, and Harrison, and four daughters. In 1820 he built a horse-mill and distillery on his farm. He lived here until his death. Col. Henry I. Mills remained here but a few years, when he moved over into Edwards county, a sketch of whom has already been given. John Ar- nold, son-in-law of William Jordan, came with the latter from Kentucky, and settled near his father-in-law. He was among the early Justices of the Peace, andin 1882, was commissioned captain in the Black Hawk war. He subsequently moved to Wayne county, where he died. Tarlton Borin was a settler of 1815. He permanently located in Lancaster precinct. In about 1828, he es- tablished a tannery, which was a great convenience to the settlement. One daughter, Mrs. Cunningham, re- sides in the precinct. John McIntosh, an influential pioneer, was a native of Virginia, born of Scotch parents. As early as 1785, he emigrated from Kentucky, and from thence to Illinois, in 1814. He then had a family of six children. He first stopped in the Compton fort a few months, when he moved to section 23, Wabash precinct, where he re- mained but ashort time, removing to Coffee precinct. Not liking this section of the country, he returned to Wabash precinct, where be made a permanent settle- ment in section 23. He was a representative man, and popular with the people. On the organization of Id- wards county, he was appointed one of the three mem- bers of the County Court, which position he held for several terms. In 1816, he was selected counsel for that court in the place of Thomas ©. Browne. He “was a public spirited man, and did much in aiding to organize and regulate the affairs of the county. His death oc- curred at his farm in 1829. Some are residing in the county. Charles Garner, a son in-law of Judge McIntosh, also came from Kentucky, in 1814, and settled in section 23, Wabash precinct. Other settlers of this precinct, in 1815, were Benjamin Hul- bert, Henry Leek, Samuel Simcoe, John Armstrong, Joseph Gardner, and Peter Keen. The former came from New Jersey, having a large family of children when he made his advent here. He located in section 13. Henry Leek was a son-in-law of Hulbert, and was noted as a preat hunter, and askilled mechanic. He remained but a short time, when he moved to other parts. Armstrong came from Tennessee, and settled in section 15. He had six sons, one of whom, Abner, was appointed the first sheriffof Edwards county. Another son, Thomas, represented Wabash county in the Legis- lature one term, and was also Judge of the County Court. Gardner settled in section 9. Peter Keen came to the county on a prospecting tour in 1814, when he returned to his family in Ohio. The spring following he came to the county, and after shifting about fora few years he permanently settled in section 14, town- ship 1 north, range 13 west. He remained here until his death in 1850. Two of the pioneer children are vet living, Shulamite and Ira. The latter resides at Friendsville, and is eighty two years of age. William McIntosh settled in the north part of Mt. Carmel precinct, as early as 1814. He owned a large tract of land known as “McIntosh Reserve.” He erected quite a large mansion, for those days, situated near the Wabash, at the foot of the rapids. He was a single man, but had colored servants to conduct his household affairs. He died many years ago. A prominent early settler was Henry Utter, who came to the county in about 1814 or ’15, and located in Friendsville precinct. He was elected a member of the Legislature in 1818, the year of the State’s admission into the Union. In 1824, he was again elected to fill the same position. In 1821, he was one of the members of the county board. Some of his descendants are liy- ing in the county. Gervase Hazleton was one of the first settlers at old Palmyra. The first courts were held at his residence. He was the third County Clerk of what wasthen Edwards county, serving from 1821 to 1823. A settlement was formed at Campbell’s Landing, in Coffee precinct, as early as 1810. One of the most prom- nent settlers was James Campbell, of Scotch descent. He came from Kentucky, and had quite a large family, besides owning thirteen slaves, whom he set at liberty some time after coming to Illinois. It is said that eleven of them were subsequently kidnapped and sold back into slavery. At one time the family was obliged to flee across the river to save being massacred at the hands of the Piankashaws. Others of the settlement were, Henry Painter, Heary Gambrel, a man by the name of Parks, John Cannon, and his son-in-law, John Starks, and John Grayson. The latter located in section 31. He was a man of push and enterprise, and was the first to erect a water-mill in this part of the county. Some of his de- scendants are residing here. A portion of the Cannon family were massacred by the Indians, an account of which will be found in this chapter. Daniel Keen and David Wright also located in this HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 77 settlement in about 1815. The former was ason of Peter Keen, heretofore mentioned. He became an in- fluential citizen in the neighborhood, and was elected a member of the county board, which office he filled for several years. Wright came from Ohio. He was then a widower. He afterwards married Sarah McIntosh, and settled in section 22, range 13 west. Robert E. Wright, a son, now residing at Mt. Carmel. Other early settlers of Coffee precinct may be mentioned, Elijah Compton, Walter Garner, James Lansdown, John Craddock, Charles P. Burns, who was one of the first Justice of the Peace; Daniel Groves, John McCleary, Thomas Baird, Reuben Blackford, Henry Bignon, Jas. Chism, Elias Jordon, the Cowlings, James and John Gray, James Kennerly, John Nesler, and others. In 1816, quite a little colony left Alleghany county, New York, to make their homes upon the wild frontiers. Among these with their families, were George W. Hig- gins, John Higgius, Willis Higgins, Edward Brines, Henry Utter, Lemuel Haskins, David Moss, John Harrison, Benjamin Smith, and Levi Couch. They secured boats at the Alleghany river and floated down to the Ohio, and thence to Evansville. Here they pro- cured keel-boats and came up the Wabash, landing at Old Palmyra. Of this little band of emigrants, five families settled in Lancaster precinct, John Higgins, Couch, Moss, Harrison and Smith. The others located in Friendsville. Others of an early date who located in Lancaster precinct were, Isaac Harnes, Henry Cusick, James McMullen, Georgeand David Pugh, George and Andrew Knight, James Rollins, Jessie Jones, Geo. Glick, Elias Baily, Rozander Smith, Samuel Fisher and others, The first settlers of, Bellmont precinct were John and Jacob Arnold, Staly D. McKlure, and a man by the name of Moturey. This wasin 1816 The latter settled in section 24, town 1 south, range 14 west. John Arnold came with his family from Kentucky. He was a distinguished hunter and had no fixed abiding place. He subsequently moved to Missouri, James, his brother, a single man, afterwards married and settled in section 5, township 2 south. McKlure was also from Kentucky. He located in section 28, township 1, range 18 west, where he remained until hisdeath. Other early settlers of Brllmont precinct were, William Wilson, George Wheeler, William Tanquary, Jonathan Gilkin- son, William Deputy, Robert James, and Samuel Riggs, Andrew T. Dyar, Joseph Ballard, Christ Ernst, Samuel Fettinger, Rodarn Kenner, William Hunter, John Proctor, William Weir, A. W. Cory, Joseph Sloan and John Frair. Cornelius Vanderhoof was a settler of Wabash pre- cinct as early as 1816. S. E. Goff settled in section 14, of the same precinct at about the same time. Among others who made early settlements in this precinct may be mentioned, John W. Buchanan, William Johnson, Mrs. Margaret Filpot, Hugh Calahan, John Andrew, Joseph Wright, John Buchanon, John Snider, Thomas Cisel, Isaac Smith and James Payne. One of the prominent early settlers of Mt. Carmel precinct, was the Rev. Thomas S. Hinde, a native of Virginia. He came from Ohio to Illinois, in 1817, and in connection with others, founded the city of Mt. Car- mel. He was a man of strict moral convictions, and did much good in the age which he lived Hedied at Mt Car- mel in 1846. Other early settlers of Mt. Carmel precinct were, Rev. William Beauchaimp, Hiram Bell, Joshua and James Beall, Isaac Ingersoll, Edward Ulm, Scoby Stewart, Aaron Gould, Joseph Jones, James Townshend, James Black, Abraham Russell, William Simonds, William Stone, Beauchamp Harvey, John Tilton, Capt. James Sharp and others. Capt. Sharp is yet living, and is a citizen of Mt. Carmel. John Dale settled in Friendsville precinct, in 1815, on section 20. He was a farmer and mechanic, and was noted for his cleverness in horse trading. In the same year, Henry McGregor located here not far from Dale. Among others of early times, who came to this precint were, John Smith Jr., William and James Pool, Josiah Higgins, Ephraim Reed, the Knapps, John Shadle, Charles and John McNair, the Osgoods, George Lither- land, William Brown, John White, Benjamin Taylor, Z. Warner, David Daily and some others. Philip Hull settled in Lick Prairie precinct, in 1815, section 28. Ephraim Armstrong from Tennessee, locat- ed in ‘section 30, near Hall. Samuel Mundy, Louis Armstrong, William Ulm, James Wiley, Jacob Gupton, Calvin Morgan, Benjamin T. Hill, Adam Baird, Fred- erick Miller and John Moore were also early settlers in the precinct. Pioneer Mills—Among the first were the “band Mills.” A: description of one will not prove uninterest- ing. The plan was cheap. The horse power consisted of a large upright shaft, some ten or twelve feet in hight with some eight or ten long arms let into the main shaft and extending out from it fifteen feet. Auger holes were bored into the arms on the upper side at the end, into which woooden pins were driven. This was called the “‘ big wheel,” and was as has been seen, about twenty feet in diameter. The raw hide belt or tug was made of skins taken off of beef cattle, which were cut into str'ps three inches in width ; these were twisted into a round cord or tug, which was long enough to encircle the cir- cumference of the big wheel. There it was held in place by the wooden pins, then to cross and pass under a shed torun arounda drum, or what is called a “trunnel head,” which was attached to the grinding apparatus. The horses or oxen were hitched to the arms by means of raw hide tugs. Then walking in a circle themachin- ery would be set in motion. To grind twelve bushels of corn was considered a good day’s work on a band mill. The most rude and primitive method of manufactur- ing meal was by the use of the Grater. A plate of tin is pierced with many holes, so that one side is very rough: The tin is made oval, and then nailed to a board. An ear of corn was rubbed hard on this grater 78 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. whereby the meal was forced through the holes, and fell down into a vessel prepared to receive it. An improve- ment on this was the Hand mill. The s'ones were smaller than those of the band mill, and were propelled by man or woman power. A hole is made in the upper stone, and astaff of wood is put in it, and the other end of the staff is put through a hole in a plank above, so that the hole is free to act. One or two persons take hold of this staff and turn the upper stone as rapidly as possible. An eye is made in the upper stone, through which the corn is put into the mill, instead of a hopper. A mortar, wherein corn was beaten into meal, is made out of a large round log three or four feet long. One end is cut or burnt out so as to hold a peck of corn, more or less, according to circumstances. This mortar is set one end on the ground, and the other up, to hold the corn. A sweep is prepared over the mortar so that the spring of the pole raises the piston, and the hands at it force it so hard down on the corn that after much beating, meal is manufactured. The trials, inconveniences, dangers and hardships of the pioneers would fill volumes. As early as 1811, each settlement was obliged to have its fort or block-house to flee to at a moment’s warning for protection from the marauding bands of Indians. Several of these forts have already been mentioned. The Greathouse fort was situated on Greathouse creek, in section 30, township 1 south, range 13 west. From 1811 to 1815, this fort was occupied by more or less families. Tradition relates of an episode, that occurred at fort Ramsey in about i812. In the most troublesome times the women and children were placed in the forts, while the men would work in the fields, gun in hand, ready for any emergency. Others were detailed to scout around and to keep a sharp look- out for the murderous red skins. One Ramsey was too fearless to go into the fort, declaring he could protect himself. The rangers had been out on a scout, and on return thought they would give him a scare, his cabin being not far from the fort, they gave a terrific war whoop, fired their guns, and came thundering toward the fort. Captain Higgins, inside, cried out, “The Indians, the Indians. Every man to his post! At this moment the ponderous gate swung open, and an army seemed to be entering. The women screamed, believing that they all would soon be scalped. Cries, prayers, and snatching of babies by women in undress continued for some time to the amusement of the Rangers. The joke turned out far more serious for the women than it did for Ramsey. The only means of grinding their meal in the forts, was by crushing it in a mortar. Families would take turns in performing this slow and arduous task, for it must be remembered these were times when asmall army had to be fed. Harrison Ingraham, who died in Clay county, Illinois, a few years ago, in an ar- ticle of the Pioneer Times, published in one of the Mt. Carmel papers centennial year, says that he was bornin Fort Barney, and that he has heard his mother relate that the day before he was born, she went to the fields and plucked wheat, rubbed it out with her bands, crushed it ina mortar, and made a cake toset before her friends on that occasion. This was said to be the first wheat bread manufactured in Wabash county. A circumstance occurred in 1815, which threw the early settlers into a fever of fear and excitement. It was what has passed into history as THE CANNON MASSACRE. The account of the sad affair as related by one of Mr. Cannon’s daughters a few years ago, is substantially as follows: Mr. Cannon and his sons came across the Wabash from the Indiana side,and constructed a cabin near Campbell’s Landing in Coffee precinct, on the ground where the Painter grave-yard is now located. No signs of Indians were seen while they were engaged in the work, and they supposed they had all left. After com- pleting the cabin, they crossed the river to bring over the family. Late in the afternoon of the same day, they all moved over and settled in their new home. While building their house, they had found a bee-tree, and after becoming fairly settled, the men went into the timber to cut it. While thus engaged a band of Indians suddenly fellupon them. Mr. Cannon was instantly killed, and the others fled for their lives. Samuel, a son, was soon overtaken and dispatched by the murderous foe. They cut off his head and otherwise mutilated the body, leav- ing itwhere he fell, Mrs. Cannon, a daughter, and a son- in-law by the name of Starks, were captured and carried off by the Indians. They were, however, subsequently ransomed. Mr. Cannon and his son were buried by two neighbors, Samuel McIntosh and Henry Gambrel. They were wrapped in a horse skin and placed in one grave. This was the first interment made in the Painter burial ground. HABITS AND MODES OF LIVING OF THE PIONEERS AND FIRST SETTLERS. The pioneers were destitute of many of the conven- iences of life, and of some things that are now con- sidered necessaries ; but they patiently endured their lot and hopefully looked forward to better. They had plenty to wear as protection against the weather, and an abundance of wholesome food. They sat down to a rude table to eat from tin or pewter dishes; but the meat thereon spread—the flesh of the deer or bear; of the wild duck or turkey ; of the quail or squirrel—was su- perior to that we eat, and had been won by the skill of the head of the house or of that of his vigorous sons. The bread they ate was made from corn or wheat of their own raising. They walked the green carpet of the grand prairie or forest that surrounded them, not with the air of a beggar, but with the elastic step of a self-re- spected freeman. The settler brought with him the keen axe, which was indispensable, and the equally necessary rifle; the first his weapon of offense against the forests that skirted the water-courses, and near which he made his home; the HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 79 second that of defence from the attacks of his foe, the cunning child of the forest and prairie. His first labor was to fell trees and erect his unpretentious cabin, which was rudely made of logs, and in the raising of -which he had the cheerful aid of his neighbors. It was usually from fourteen to sixteen feet square, and never larger than twenty feet, and was frequently built entirely with- out glass, nails, hinges or locks. The manner of building was as follows: First large logs were laid in position as sills; on these were placed strong sleepers, and on the sleepers were laid the rough- hewed puncheons, which were to serve as floors, The logs were then built up till the proper height for the eaves were reached; then on the ends of the building were placed poles, longer than the other end-logs, which projected some eighteen or more inches over the sides, and were called ‘‘ butting pole sleepers ;”’ on the project- ing ends of these was placed the “ butting pole ” which served to give the line to the first row of clap-boards, These were, as a matter of course, split, and as the gables of the cabin were built up, were so laid on as to lap a third of their length. They were often kept in place by the weight of a heavy pole, which was laid across the roof parallel to the ridge-pole. The house was then chinked, and daubed with a coarse mortar. A huge fire-place was built in at one end of the house, in which fire was kindled for cooking purposes, for the settlers generally were without stoves, and which | furnished the needed warmth in winter. The ceiling above was sometimes covered with the pelts of the rac- coon, opossum, and of the wolf, to add to the warmth of the dwelling. Sometimes the soft inner bark of the bass wood was used for the same purpose. The cabin was lighted by means of greased paper-windows. Sexi gnier Gos ipo Gute SB eps Se Ge Reaseans, RLOS 1 ————_ 300.00 SR! Ge Ae Oe ee 300 1 patent right 10:00. ean ecgceea. “ep aye ar be € 10 4 sailing vessels 500 eee eee neg ea a tet . 180 Merchandise. ..... .«..+--- Rie Bhs @ arene 94 635 Manufactured articles, 24 sas2 24a h8 4a RRS a Oe 17,633 Machinery scssice eo wh OO ERMA SE AO OSes eR ew ORBIT Moneys and credits... 3 guigpwyighcske eran Gt ew w tye: | BLAS Allother personal property. 2... 626 «eee eee ee + 149,880 $1,043,370 63810 acres of improved lands,..... . $28.31—$1 806,691 6983 8“ unimpd “ ........ 14,66— 1,024,019— 2,830,710 2121 town and city lots. 1... . ww ee 754,775 Totals. Sie, ere y eer wie or & le $4,628,855 The county was rich in 1873. The following table exhibits an unaccountable reduction in values : Assessment of 1882. 2474 horses, at $2500) pce ws ae Ro ew Ges +. + $61,840 4755 cattle T2628 2464 CRE Rw OD ks i 34,582 485 mules QBIT is a ee ew ee cee, S958 4147 sheep LD eis 6h yt Gy BW 6, He GOWwiis Wy he Bd 6,275 5369 hogs OG oe gn es 44 ne a ee a ww 8,436 18 engines DUGe OD! Sp ose so aa we RS So a Se Rt sae 9B GN. - 3,225 15 safes 3300 nara awe Rae Pe OA 495 3 billiards BIBS secste ag, seeks foleeecgh tate, toys denaate 250 1314 wagons TO90 6 grow Bi decles ee e seR He «es 20,883 1316 clocks and watches 2.07 .. eG ig oe We 2,736 795 sewing machines TROGIR Ge at ses ae 5,99 39 pianos MOAR ss & ins ew wes & 4 eS 2,735 78 melodeons NOD wes oo ee sap a es Sees tat tab tan Yay HG 2,180 Merchandise. ...... ah ates te Ja Tee Bese yak fay Bal te tee 37,305 Agricultural tools, machines, ete. . 1... ee eee ee ee ee 26,481 Moneys, bonds, jewelry, ete... ......... Bet Oo “weal ue Teas 52,052 Household and office property. .....-. 5 3 - $31,875 Investments in realestate . ....6. as 1,170 Grainofallkinds... . ... Sb See Te: Se tes Resend % 930 All other personal property... ....+ ee eee Se Se 1105 MOtal eshte ee RS eiicravieee! saree 6 cee ee ea oe BRS? 84,834 acres improved, at GIO02s cae aed BA «ee = 849,798 52,652 “ unimproved BQ Bane sds tet eS Ra ws ow wee BALLIZ 1,871 town lots improved 143.19... ..... eee die ee “26,900 773 town lots unimproved 20.51... . a ee, «ee 15,851 Totals wae e RASS we ee wee ee ee . $1,690,240 Wheat,. ..... . 29,600 acres Other field products. .... 2,002 COMs ss enae BGaT * Pastures... 2.2 eee 2 + - 14,652 Oats .cescaase 4246 * Orchards i a 6 woe we aw “A619 Meadows. ..... 9,458 “ Woodland. ......... 52,652 $137,486 Values and Taxes of Wabash County in 1882. Personal property of every description. .......+.-.+.. + $311,453 Lands, improved and unimproved .....44+.s «6+ ++ 1,108,069 Town and city lotes a a ase Hee Ga eee eee ee ee} |©6—2T1,826 Railroad property... 1... ee eee ee ee ee oe ee ee) 194,189 POU AN ss .sgndeide: ey eines tepacah id oda le eseeegs BO Ai aa to le BUSI OBO Taxes. State... ... ~ 2... . 36 cts. per 100 $6,673,26 BlOy una eesa wee a bath taxed, , 296359— 99,636.85 Special railroad debt—taxes.......... be 21,399.30 County tax—75 cts....... eee» « $14,143.31 ee back taxes... . 2 . «2... 5,122.58 ae road and bridge tax. .... 3,866.20— 23,132.09 School taxes ..... eee eee . 19,124.14 City taxes... 2... BS Ba 1,785.99 Dogtax.. .. BY Bap Baw, eahe er 845.00 Total taxess. 6a ce ae *& ew = 0815,92337 This is an enormous tax—more than $4.00 per $100, or $7,60 per capita. The Railroad Debts.—One of the causes of the county indebtedness and increased taxation was the fact that the people voted large amounts of money to aid the construction of railroads through the ‘territory of the county. We append a brief synopsis of the measures adopted for that purpose : The first proposition in this direction, made by the county court, to subscribe $30,000 to the Ohio and Wabash road, was voted down on the 23th of March, 1854, as was also the proposition to donate the proceeds from the sale of swamp lands to Illinois Southern road in 1857. The agitation in favor of this road continued, however, and at the November election, 1857, a major- ity of 171 decided in favor of subscribing $100,000 capital stock of thesaid road. On the 8th of December, 1858, the Court, consisting of Judges William R. Wil- kinson, and Thomas J. Armstrong and George Glick, Associates, made an order to issue $100,000 in 8 per cent. interest bearing bonds to pay said subscription. There were, however, a few restrictions in reference to the issue; the bonds were not to be sold for less than 85 cents per $1.00, nor was the money to be paid before a proportionate amount of work was performed in the road bed in the county. Richard H. Hudson was entrusted with the examina- tion of vouchers, and the disbursing of the funds were discretionary, with him. Associate Justice Armstrong HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 125 protested against the proposed measure; his protest was spread upon the record. Judge Armstrong resigned his office at once. The balance of the term was filled by Wm. McClain. Richard Hudson withdrew from his trast in November, 1861. The county did not provide for the necessary funds to meet the interest due, and surrendered a part of her railroad stock to the company, which, in their turn, agreed to pay the interest then due. The county bonds were subsequently bought up by Messrs Robert Bell and E. B. Green, the county paying for them at the rate of 75 cents per $1.00. The measures taken to raise the necessary funds are mentioned elsewhere. The bulk, to wit, $90,500, were taken up and paid for in March, 1867, and the remainder was presented by E. 8S. Rus- sell, in March, 1868, His bonds amounted, principal and interest, to $3,442.40, and he agreed to take $2- 581.80 for it. In the transaction it occurred that four- teen coupons of forty dollars each, were counted for double their face value, to wit $1,120, instead of $560. It is an astonishing fact, that in the midst of an abso- lute financial misery, and an enormous tax, the people of the county voted another subscription of $15,000 in aid of the Cairo and Vincennes railroad, January 4, 1868. The vote polled was large, to wit 1,265. Lan- caster voted unanimously against the subscription, which had but few endorsers in Lick Prairie, Friendsville, Bonpas and Wabash, while Mt. Carmel and Coffee alone gave majorities in favor of it. The majority in favor was 95. The county entered into an agreement with Green B. Raum, the president of the proposed railroad, to issue those bonds and surrender the stock issued to the county, to the company, when the iron was laid through the county, conditioned, however, that the cars should run within eighteen months from January 22, 1868. This latter clause saved the county from this subscription. The cars did not run. Another railroad scheme found favor with the citizens on the 29th of January, 1870; they voted 618 against, 540 to donate one hundred thous- and dollars in aid of the St. Louis, Mt. Carmel and New Albany railroad. The bonds were to run twenty-five years, but payable at any time previous at the pleasure of the county, and were to bear eight per cent. annual interest. The bonds were issued August 1,1871, Ten years later they were taken up by substituting the new six per cent. bonds, as stated above. In closing this sketch, a few statistics of the census of 1880, imperfect as they are, may find a space here. POPULATION : City and precinct of Mt. aes DSi toms oy Re » 2,747 Wabash precinct. . . ee Cera . 1,176 Town of Allendale. .. «© «©. «we eeee 231 1,407 Friendsville precinct... 0 6. 0 6 ee et ee ee Town of Friendsville.. 5 ee 1,199 Lick Prairieand Lancaster... 2. ee ee ee - 1,575 Bonpas (now Bellmont)...... own of Bellmont.......2-2.0004- 5558 279 1,837 COmeel os se ae Ooo 4 OR eS Ge Se se me we eww 992 78 1,070 9,775 Total ADDENDUM. The county of Wabash sent Hon. Charles H. Consta- ble as her delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1847. Hon. Thomas W. Stone represented the counties of Wabash and White in the Convention of 1862, and Hon. James M. Sharp was the delegate of Wabash and Lawrence to the Constitutional Convention of 1870. Wabash county as represented in the General Assembly : 1826 to 1828 —Stephen Bliss, Senator for Edwards and Wabash. Henry Utter, Representative. 1828 to 1830—Enoch Beach, Senator for Edwards, Wabash and Wayne. Samuel Mundy, Representative. 1830 to 1832.—Enoch Beach, Senator as above. Samuel Mundy, Representative. 1832 to 1834.—Henry I. Mills, Senator as above. W. G. Anderson, Representative. 1834 to 1836—Henry I. Mills, Senator as above. Orlando B. Ficklin, Representative, resigned February 13th, 1835. Edward Smith elected to fil] vacancy. 1836 to 1838.—Henry I. Mills, Senator as above. Edward Smith Representative. 1838 to 1840.—Henry I. Mills, Senator as above. Edward Smith, Representative, died during term. Jc- seph G. Bowman, Representative, successor of Smith. 1840 to 1842.—R. B Slocumb, Senator as aboye. James Beall, Representative. 1842 to 1844.—R. B. Slocumb, Senator as above. John Compton, Representative. 1844 to 1846.—Charles H. Constable, above. John F. Youngkin, Representative. 1846 to 1848.—Charles H. Consable, Senator as above. Samuel §. Lukins, Representative. 1848 to 1850.—Alfred H. Grass, of Lawrence, Sena- tor, 8th Senatorial district. William Pickering, of Ed- wards, Representative, 8th Representative district.* 1850 to 1852.—Alfred H. Grass, Senator as above. William Pickering, Representative as above. 1852 to 1854.—Mortimer O’Kean, of Jasper, Senator as above. Victor B. Bell, of Wabash, Representative. 1854 to 1856.—Silas L. Bryan, of Marion, Senator, 20th Senatorial district. S.H Martin, of White, Rep- resentative, 9th Representative district.t 1856 to 1858.—Silas L. Bryan, of Marion, Senator as above. John E. Whitney, of White, Representative as above. 1858 to 1860.—Silas L. Bryan, of Marion, Senator as above. John G. Powell, of White, Representative. 1860 to 1862.—Zadock Casey, of Jefferson, Senator as above. James M. Sharp, of White, Representative. 1862 to 1864.—Hugh Gregg, of Williamson, Senator, 2nd Senatorial district. James M. Sharp, of Wabash, Representative, 4th district.{ * Wabash, Edwards, Lawrence, Richland, Clay, Jasper and Effing- ham formed the 8th Senatorial, and Wabash and Edwards the 8th Rep- resentative district from 1848 to 1854. + From 1854 to 1862 Wabash and White formed the 9th Represen- tative district, and Wabash, Edwards, Wayne, Jelferson, Merion, Clay and Rich: land, the 20th Senatorial district. ¢ From 1862 to 1870 Wabash, Edwards, Wayne, Clay, Richland Senator as 126 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 1864 to 1866.—John W. Westcott, of Xenia, Senator as above. D. H. Morgan, of Russellville, Representa- tive. 1866 to 1868.—John W. Westcott, of Xenia, Senator as above. James M. Sharp, of Mt. Carmel, Represen- tative. 1868 to 1870.—J. J. R. Turney, of Fairfield, Senator as above. D. H. Morgan, of Russellville, Representa- tive. 1870 to 1872.—John Jackson, of Lawrence and John Landrigan, of Edwards, Senators, 2nd Senatorial dis- trict. Walter L. Mayo, of Edwards, Representative 20th district. 1872 to 1874.—George W. Henry, of Clay, Senator, 44th Senatorial district.* Isaac M. Jacquess, of Wa- bash, Robert T. Forth, of Wayne and David W. Bark- ley, of Wayne, Representatives. 1874 to 1876.—George W. Henry, of Clay, Senator as above. Samuel R. Hall, of Edwards, Byron J. Ro- tan, of Clay and John Landrigan, Representatives as above. 1876 to 1878—Robert P. Hanna, of Wayne, senator as above; Hiram H. Chessley, of Clay, W. R. Wil- kinson, of Wabash, George Ramsey, of Clay, representa- tives. 1878 to 1880—Robert P. Hanna, of Wayne, senator as above; Jacob Zimmerman, of Wabash, William Bower, of Richland, Charles Churchill, of Edwards, representatives. 1880 to 1882—John Tanner, senator as above; Na- than Crews, James Keen, E. B. Keen, representatives. 1882 to 1884—John C. Edwards, senator 46th Dis- trict +; F. W. Cox, Lowery Hay, W. H. Johnson, repre- sentatives. County Commissioners.—Levi Compton, 1825 to 1826 ; Tarlton Boren, 1825 to 1828, two terms; Moses Bedell, 1825 to 1826; Ephraim Phar, 1826 to 1830, two terms ; Beauchamp Harvey, 1826 to 1830. two terms; Heore Knight, 1829 to 1832, two terms; Anthony Altintz, 1840 to 1846, two terms; William Wier, 1842 to 1845; Daniel Keen, 1844 to 1849, twice elected ; George Glick, 1843 to 1848; Stephen S. Gunn, 1846 to 1849; Abra- ham Utter, 1848 to 1849. County Courts.—1849 to 1853, James H. Beale, judge ; Anthony Albietz, John G. Dyer, associate judges. 1853 to 1857, James H. Beale, co-judge; T. J. Armstrong, Henry Mundy, associates. 1857 to 1861, Wm. R. Wilkin- son, resigned, co-judge; T. J. Armstrong, 1857 to 1859, William McClain to fill vacancy, George Glick, associates. 1861 to 1865, Thos Armstrong, co-judge; Isaac Hershey, O. H. Keen, associates. 1865 to 1869, Thomas J. Arm- strong. Judge (died 1869); Robert Bell, judge elect, 1869, Rozander Smith, Collios Bredwell, associates. 1869 to White, Lawrence and Hamilton formed the 2nd Senatorial, and Wabash and Lawrence the 4th Representative district. *The Actof March 1st, 1872, formed the State into 51 Senatorial dis. tricts, each district to elect one Senator and three Representatives. Wabash, Clay, Wayne, Richland and Edwards constituted the 44th district + Wabash, Lawrence, White and Hamilton compose now the 46th Senatorial District of the state. 1873, James S. Johnson, co-judge; Stephen C. Midgett, John Graff, (resigned 1872), W. R. Mundy, filled va- caney 1872. 1873 to 1877, Thomas J. Shannon, judge of probate, the county government to be attended to by a board of commissioners. W. W. McDowell, judge, 1877, resigned April, 1879; Stephen C. Midgett elected to fill vacancy in 1879 and re-elected for a full term 1882 to 1884. Board of County Commissioners. 1873 to 1874, Je- remiah Fox, Jacob Seiler and L. A. Miller; 1874 to 1875, Jacob Seiler, L. A. Miller and E. H. Courter ; 1875 to 1876, L. A Miller, E. H. Courter and O. H. Keen; 1876 to 1877, E. H. Courter, O H.-Keen and Luke a Miller, re-elected. 1877 to 1877,O.H Keen, (died in office, vacancy filled by J. W. Tanquary), Luke A. Miller and Silas Andrews. 1878 to 1879, Luke A. Miller, Silas Andrews and J. W. Tanquary. 1878 to 1880, Silas Andrews, J. W. Tanquary and Berk- ley Armstrong. 1880 to 1881.—J. W. Tanquary, B. Armstrong and Robert Ramsey. 1881 to 1882.—B. Armstrong, died in office, vacancy filled by R. S. Gordon, Robert Ramsay. 1882 to 1883.—Robert Ramsay, R. 8. Gordon and J. E. Heniken. County Clerks.—Hiram Bell, 1825 to 1853; James S. Johnson, 1853 to 1869; Sylvester Greathouse, 1869 to 1873; William Birkett, 1873 to 1877; Marquis D. McClintock, 1877 to 1882,and Isaac F. Price, since 1882 Sheriffs—Abner Armstrong, 1825 to 1828; Isaac Parmenter, 1828; John D. Dyan, 1842 to 1846; Isaac N. Jaquess, 1846 to 1850; S. S. Luken, 1850, died February, 1851, vacancy filled by I. N. Jaquess, pro tem, William B. Beall, 1851 to 1852; Charles Cuqua, 1852 to 1854; D. S. Harvey, 1854 to 1856; Charles Cuqua, 1856 to 1858; Isaac N. Jaquess, 1858 to 1860; Charles Cuqua, 1860 to 1862; William Arbuthnot, 1862 to 1864; Isaac Ogden, 1864 to 1866; W. W. McDowell, 1866 to 1868; Isaac Ogden, 1868 to 1870; Neill C. Burns, 1870 to 1872; W. W. McDowell, 1872 to 1876; J T. Burkett, 1876 to 1878; James S. Wilson, 1878 to 1880; Martin Walser, 1880 to 1882, and Francis M. Cowling since 1882. Cuwrcuit Clerks —Hiram Bell, 1825 to 1826; Edward Munday, 1826 to 1828; Hiram Bell, to 1864; Richard H. Hudson, 1864 to 1872; William E. Keen, from 1876 to 1880, and J. T. Burkett since 1880. Treasurers aid Assessors—Abner Armstrong, 1825; George Bell, 1827; J. H. Beall, 1843; G. C. Turner, 1849; David Reinhard, 1855; Paul “Moger, 1857 ; Isaac Ogden, 1859; W. W. McDowell, 1861; George W. Douglas, died in ‘oilica, insane; Samuel Fisher filled vacancy ; Sylvester Greathouse, two terms, 1865; James B. Ramsay, two terms, 1869; N. C. Burns, sea terms, 1873; Henry J. Henning, two terms, 1877, and Peter P. Keepes since 1882. Coroners.—Levi Crouch, 1826; J. G. Wirth, 1862; HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 127 Richard Adam, 1864; Joel P. Thrall, 1868 ; John Kern, 1868 ; Samuel Shaw, 1870, four termes in office, and A. J. McIntosh since 1878. ; School Commissioners and Superintendents.—Gilb, C. Turner, 1843; James Mahorn, 1849; W. M. Harmon, 1853, two terms; James Leeds, 1861, five terms, avd an additional one year term, and A. P. Manley since 1882. State and County Attorneys.—John M. Robinson, 1825; E. B. Webb, 1832; Aaron Shaw, 1843; Alfred Kitchell, 1851; John Schofield, 1858; D. L. Brewer, 1864, and Silas Z. Landes since 1872. COUNTY OFFICERS (SERVING IN 1883). Stephen C. Midgett, of Mt. Carmel, Judge County Court. Isaac F. Price, Mt. Carmel, Clerk County Court. Francis M. Cowling, Mt. Carmel, Sheriff. Peter P. Keepes, Mt. Carmel, Treasurer. Alfred P. Manley, Mt. Carmel, Superintendent of Schools. A. J. McIntosh, Allendale, Coroner. Robert Ramsay, of Mier, Frederic Holsen, of Allen- dale, John E. Heniken, of Cowling, Members of Board of County Commissioners. John T. Burkett of Mt. Carmel, Clerk of Circuit Court. 8. Z. Landes, Mt. Carmel, States’ Attorney. Charles Buckanan, Bellmont, Surveyor. SS CHAPIER DX. BENCH AND BAR. 4 Y a wise ordination of providence, law and order govern everything in the vast and complex system of the universe. Law is z everything. Law would still always exist, though every one of its professors and teachers should perish from the face of the earth. And should such a thing occur, and a new race spring up, the first instinc- tive desire of its best men would be to bring order out of ckaos by the enactment and promulgation of wise and ‘beneficent laws. Law in the abstract is as much a com- ponent part of our planet as are the elements earth, air, fire, and water; in a concrete sense, as applied to the government of races, nations, and peoples it plays almost an equally important part. Indeed, so grand is the sci- ence and so noble are the objects sought to be accom- plished through it, that it has inspired some of the best and greatest men of ancient and modern times to an in- vestigation and study of its principles. Draco, among the first and greatest of the Athenian lawgivers, was hailed as the deliverer of those people, because of his enacting laws, and enforcing them, for the prevention of vice and crime, and looking to the pro- tection of the masses from oppression and lawlessness. It is true that many of the penalties he attached to the violation of the law were severe and even ba: barous, but this severity proceeded from an honorable nature, with an earnest desire to improve the condition of his fellow- men. Triptolemus, his contemporary, proclaimed as laws, “Honor your your parents, worship the gods, hurt not animals.” Solon, perhaps the wisest of them all, a man of remarkable purity of life and noble impulses, whose moral character was so great and conviction as to the public good so strong, that he could and did refuse su- preme and despotic power when thrust upon him. What is true of one race or nation in this particular is true of all, viz., that the wisest and greatest of law- makers and lawyers have always been pure and good men, perhaps the most notable exceptions being Justin- ian and Tribonianus. Their great learning and wisdom enabled them to rear as their everlasting monument the Pandects and Justinian Code, which, however, they sad- ly defaced by the immoralities and excesses of their pri- vate lives. Among the revered of modern nations will be found, conspicuous for their great services to their fellows, in- numerable lawyers. To the Frenchman the mention of the names of Trouchet, Le Brun, Portalis, Roederer, Thi- baudeau, and others excites a thrill of pride for their greatness and of gratitude for their goodness. What Englishman, or American either, but that takes just pride in the splendid reputation and character of the long line of England’s loyal, lawyer sons? The Ba- cons, father and son, who, with Lord Burleigh, were se- lected by England’s greatest Queen to administer the af- fairs of state, and Somers and Hardwicke, Cowper and ‘| Dunning, Eldon, Blackstone, Coke, Stowell, and Curran, who, with all the boldness of a giant and eloquence of Demosthenes, struck such vigorous blows against kingly tyranny and oppression ; and Erskine and Mansfield and a score of others. And in our own country have we not names among the dead as sacred, and among the living as dear? In the bright pages of the history of a country, founded for the sole benefit of the people, and all kinds of people, who more than our lawyers are recorded as as- sisting in its formation, preservation, and working for its perpetuity. On the organization of Edwards county, November 28th, 1814, the Illinois Territory comprised three judicial circuits, of which Edwards county formed a part of the third. From the admission of the State into the Union in 1818) until 1835, with the exception of a little more than two years, (1824 to 1827) the Judges of the Su- preme Court of Illinois, performed the duties of Circuit Judges. In that year a Jaw was enacted establishing the distinctive office of Circuit Judge, and dividing the State into separate Judicial districts, which contin- ued to February, 1841, when the old system was re- established, and remained in force until the adoption of the new constitution in 1848. This constitution pro- 128 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. vided for the election of one Circuit Judge in each judi- cial district. The counties of Edwards, Lawrence and Wabash have been included within the same judicial district, except from 1851 to 1873. Edwards county was erected in 1814; Lawrence in 1821, and Wabash in 1824 A ref- erence to these dates will show a complete list of the CIRCUIT JUDGES doing duty in each of the counties in their respective order. The earliest courts within the Territory of these three counties were held at old Palmyra, then the county seat of Edwards. The first session was held July 11, 1815, with Judge Stanley Griswold on the bench. In 1816, Thomas Towles presiding. From 1817 to 1818, Jeptha Hardin was on the bench; 1818 to 1819 Thomas C. Browne; William Wilson, from 1819 to 1825; James ©. Wattles from 1825 to 1827, when Thomas C. Browne, was again on the bench serving one year; William Wilson again appears, serv- ing from 1828 to 1835; Justin Harlan from 1835 to 1841, when William Wilson again returns to the bench, serving until 1849, being succeeded by his predecessor, Justin Harlan, from 1849 to 1851; Samuel 8S. Marshall was then elected, serving until 1854, when he resigned, and Downing Baugh served one year; Edwin Beecher served from 1855 to 1861; Samuel S. Marshall, from 1861 to 1865, when James M. Pollock succeeded to the bench, serving until 1873. By act of Legislature, March 28, 1873, the State was divided exclusive of Cook county, into twenty-six judicial circuits, and at the election, in June, 1873, one judge was elected for each cireuit, for the term of six years. Edwardsand Wabash counties formed a part of the twenty-fourth district. Tazewell B. Tanner was elected judge of the circuit, and Lawrence county formed a part of the twenty-first district and elected James C. Allen, in that circuit. In 18/7, the Legislature, in order to increase the number of Circuit Judges, and to provide for the organization of the Appellate Courts, consolidated the twenty-six judicial circuits into thirteen, thereby giving each cir- cuit two judges, and provided for the election of one additional judge in each circuit, in August, 1877, for two years, makiog three judges in each judicial circuit. The September following the Supreme Court appointed twelve of the Circuit Judges to appellate duty, the re- maining judges held the Circuit Courts in their respec- tive districts. In this change of the judiciary system the twenty-fifth and the twenty-fourth districts were thrown together to be known as the Second Judicial Circuit. In those districts Tazewell B. Tanner and James C. Allen, were already serving on the bench, and John H. Halley was elected to make the requisite number. They pre- sided, as required by the above act, until 1879, when Chauncey 8. Conger, Thomas S. Casey and William C. Jones, were elected, and are still on the bench. The judges serving on the bench, in Lawrence county, while that county was not inclulsd withia the same judicial circuits, were: Justin Harlan, who served un- til 1859, when Edwin Beecher held two terms; Alfred Kitchell served nearly two years; James C. Allen, was commissioned July 1, 1861, and resigned December 31, 1862, and was succeeded by Aaron Shaw, March 2, 1863, who continued on the bench until 1867, being succeeded by Richard S Canby, and he by James C. Allen. Some of the above named judges were, during their day very prominent and influential in shaping the af- fairs of state. WILLIAM WILson, aVirginian, oneof the earliest judges in the State, and the first to hold court in Wabash and Lawrence counties, was for many years one of the lead- ing jurists of the State. He served on the supreme bench for a period of almost thirty years. As already mentioned he was first appointed July 7, 1819, nine months after Illinois was admitted into the Union. January 19, 1825, he was made chief justice and occu- pied that honorable position until December 4, 1848. He left behind him a most excellent record, and his memory is dear to his many friends and associates. He was a man of fine personal appearance and presided over his court with great dignity. On leaving the bench he retired to a farm in White county, where he resided until his death. THomas C. Browne was also on the Supreme bench from October 9, 1818, to December 4, 1849. He was a conscientious judge. JEPTHA HARDIN, was a native of Kentucky, and be- longed to the celebrated Hardin family of that State. He was a half brother of the distinguished Benjamin Hardin, but not his equal, although an excellent judge and a fine lawyer. Justin Haran, was a man of the highest order of talents and although his learning was not what is called liberal, yet he was a profound, well-read and able law- yer, and honest and impartial in the discharge of his ju- dicial functions. He was eminently social, and gained many friends. Samuet S. MarsHatt, another able lawyer, repre- sented his district in congress in 1855, and again re- elected in 1857, ’65, '67,'69 and ’71, and is still figur- ing prominently in state and national politics. James C. ALLEN, was one of the Appellate Judges in the fourth district, and for several years a member of Congress. He is an able and sound lawyer, and while on the bench his fairness and impartiality and the correct- ness of his decisions won him much credit. He is a fluent and pleasing speaker and a genial, affable gentle- man. NON-RESIDENT LAWYERS. These counties being in the same judicial circuit in the early time, they were consequently visited by nearly the same traveling attorneys. Many were the priva- tions and hardships that surrounded the early bar of Illinois. At that time, owing to the small amount of litigation, attorneys, in order to gain a livelihood from the practice of their profession, found it necessary to fol- HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 129 low the courts from county to county. Nevertheless, some of the most illustrious legal lights that the State has produced lived in those days. Among the distinguished men that came to practice at Edwards, Lawrence and Wabash courts in that early day were: Edwin B. Webb, for many years in the Illinois legislature ; Col. William H. Davidson, who was a fair lawyer and for many years a leader in the State Senate; Gen. John M. Robinson, who was prose- cuting attorney in 1821, and afterward represented the State for years in the U.S. Senate; John McLean, already mentioned, a native of Kentucky, and a good and popular lawyer: Henry Eddy, long the editor of the Shawneetown Gazette,and a man of fine legal ability ; Thomas C. Browne, who was the prosecuting attorney at the first courts of Edwards county, and afterward Judge of the circuit; John McIntire, the prosecutor in 1816, and who for many years rode the circuit; U. F. Linder, witty and eloquent, eminent as a criminal Jaw- yer and adroit politician; O. B. Ficklin, a profound lawyer, and leader in the national congress, who for several years was a resident of Mt. Carmel; the hand- some and gifted Charles H. Constable ; Samuel S. Hayes, a scholarly lawyer and preéminently a self-made man; Col. J. E. Whiting, George Webb, father of Edwin B. Webb, John Pearsons, Samuel McRoberts, Col. A. P. Field, who ranked among the ablest members of the bar of Illinois, and subsequently moved to Louisiana, and became Attorney General of that State, William J. Gatewood, an eminent lawyer, and for many years in the State Senate; August C. French, twice governor of Illinois; J. M. Krebs, John McElvain, and probably others whose names might be mentioned, but they have passed from the recollection of the oldest citizens. EDWARDS COUNTY. FORMER RESIDENT LAWYERS. In early times lawyers were few in number, and resid- ed mostly in the larger towns of the State This being a small county, there have been but few resident attorneys, and they mostly remaining but a short time. At the first term of the Circuit court held in the county, on the 12th day of July, 1815, the following gentlemen were admitted to the practice of law: Adolphus T. Hubbard, Elias Kent Kane, Thomas H. Blake, John McLean, Russel E. Heacock, Jeptha Hardin, and John McIntire. We simply mention the fact that these gentlemen were admitted at this term of court. They however were not residents of the county. The above named, afterward became prominent and conspicuous men in Illinois. Elias Kent Kane and John McLean, having represented the state in the United States senate. The first resident attorney at Albion was James O. Wartries. He came in 1820. He resided there for a number of years and practiced in the courts of Edwards and adjoining counties. He was elected judge of the i Fifth judicial district in 1825, and served on the bench until 1827. Avucust O. FrencaH, came to Albion soon after 1820, then a young man fresh from some eastern vollege, and engaged in teaching a select school of small children at two dollars a quarter. He also employed a portion of his time writing in the clerk’s office, at the same time reading law, and it was not long afterward that he was seen in the saddle, riding the circuit with the lawyers. He afterward removed to Palestine, Crawford county, was in the legislature in 1836 and was elected Governor of Illinois in 1846, and re-elected in 1849. James B. Hinpk, who was subsequently elected cir- cuit clerk of White county, was a very early lawyer in Albion, and practiced his profession there for a period of about six years. Soon after Mr. Hinde, came SAMUEL Booker, a bright and talented man, who made Albion his residence until 1849, when he emigrated to Cali- fornia, where he afterward became a man of some pro- minence. Wiii1am Harrow, was a resident attorney for a number of years. He was considered a good lawyer. Early in the late rebellion, he enlisted in an Indiana regiment, and became colonel, and served his country with credit and distinction. He was killed a few years ago by a railroad accident, while on a trip to make a political speech. O. 8. CanBy,a single man, practiced herea few years and died in Grayville, in 1868. It is said he was a studious, careful lawyer and a man of ability. Amos B. Matuews, a lawyer of ability, located here in 1867 and remained in practice until July, 1882, when he removed to Minnesota. R. G. Brown, located here in 1870 remaining only a few months, when he moved to Kaskaskia, Illinois. PRESENT MEMBERS OF THE BAR. JoserpH M. CAMPBELL, a native of Illinois, is the old- est resident member of the Edwards county bar He received his education in the common schools of Wayne county, and began the study of law in the office of Wil- liam H. Robinson, and was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1865. In 1866 he came to Albion and opened a law office in partnership with his preceptor, W. H. Robinson, which relation continued until 1870. Since that date, with the exception of a short period in part- nership with H. J. Strawn, Mr. Campbell has practiced by himself. In 1873 he was elected judge of Edwards county, and by re-election still continues to hold that office. Mr. Campbell is a good judge of law, and a painstaking, careful lawyer. HauBert J. STRAWN is a native of Pennsylvania. He came west, and in 1870 was admitted to the bar at Princeton, Indiana. In a short time afterward he came to Illinois, and in September, 1872, prior to his admit- tance to the bar ithis State, he had formed a law part- nership with Judge J. M. Campbell, which continued until 1873, when he opened an office by himself. In 130 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. March, 1879, he was appointed master in chancery for a term of two years, and in 1882 he was elected prose- cuting attorney. Mr. Strawn has confined himself to a general practice in which he has been very successful. Wi.iram F, Foster, although a native of Indiana, has been a resident of Edwards county since he was four years of age. His education was acquired by hard, studious application to his books, having attended school only nine months in his life. In January, 1876, he be- gan reading law in the office of F. A. Sampson, at Se- dalia, Missouri, and was admitted to the bar in that State May 8, 1876, having acquired the knowledge of law necessary for admission within the short space of four months. He was admitted to practice in Illinois January 22, 1879, and located at Albion, since which he has had a good practice. In November, 1880, he was appointed master in chancery and served in that capa- city for a term of two years. LAWRENCE COUNTY. FORMER RESIDENT LAWYERS. Many lawyers at various times have made Lawrence county their residence, some for a very short period and others remaining for several years. It is impossible to gather the names of all those who resided at Lawrence- ville in the earlier part of its history, as they have passed from the recollection of the oldest citizens. JupGE AARON SHaw was the earliest resident attor- ney that became in any way prominent. He was ad- mitted to the bar at Lawrenceville in 1835, and remained there for several years. In 1850 he was elected to the Legislature, and in 1857 to Congress. He subsequently moved to Olney. March 2, 1863, he was commissioned circuit judge in the twenty-fourth circuit, vice James C. Allen, resigned. In 1882 he was again elected to Congress, and still resides in Olney. JosePH G. Bowman located here about 1835, He is a fine judge of law and a successful attorney. He moved to Vincennes and from thence to Olney, where he now resides. Freperick A. THomas, a young attorney, came about 1840, was elected circuit clerk and died while in office. Two brothers, Louis and D. B. Anrrnarty, located here about 1860. The former held the office of school commissioner, and the latter was master in chancery for several years. They were promising young lawyers, and both died in Lawrenceville. T. P. Lowery became a resident practitioner about the same time as the above named, and remained for seven years. He held the office of county surveyor for two terms, and served in the capacity of school superin- tendent and justice of the peace. He moved to Texas. Wm. Liypsry was here for a few years, leaving about 1864 or ’65. He was politically inclined, a fair stump speaker, and receiving an office under the government he departed. JouN FIELDs, a lawyer of considerable ability, came to the bar in 1867. He graduated in the law department of the State University of Indiana. In 1870, he was a partner of E. B. Green of Mt. Carmel; was appointed master in chancery in 1871, performing the duties of that office until 1878. Failing health caused him to give up his lucrative practice here and heis now.a resident of Colorado Springs, Colorado. D. L. Brewer, a well known attorney, resided in Lawrenceville for a number of years. Harry Briscor, with the story of whose horrible death the citizens are so familiar, was a good young lawyer, and was for a time prosecuting attorney of the county. T. A. Srewart, and I. N. FarnswortuH were among those of the more recent years. PRESENT RESIDENT LAWYERS. The oldest resident lawyer of Lawrence county is the Hon. Wm. J. Chews. He was born in Crawford county, Illinois, in 1824, and five years later his father moved his family to this county, locating on Allison prairie. Here he grew to manhood, attending the common schools of his neighborhood, and laboring at home on the farm. At the age of twenty-one his father gave him forty acres of land, and he engaged in farming for himself. A few years later he moved to Lawrenceville, and embarked in the milling business, with which he soon became dissat- isfied and returned to farm life. In 1843, he began the study of law under the directions of J. G. Bowman, being admitted to practice in 1846. It was now, for the first time, that he had an opportunity of displaying his powerful intellect, His knowledge was acquired almost entirely by self-culture, and had he devoted his entire attention to law, he would doubtless have shed lustre on the bar of southern Illinois. He is a man possessed of extraordinary judgment, a good speaker and a sound, careful lawyer. In 1869 he was elected to the office of county judge, but resigned his position in 1872, when his fellow-citizens chose him to represent them in the State Senate, where he served with distinction for two years. The Judge is still living, on his farm, near where his father settled on coming to the county. T. B. Hurrman, a native of Indiana, received his rudimentary education in the common schools of his native State, completing his literary education at the Vincennes University, and at Lincoln University at Lincoln, Ilinois. Commenced the reading of law in the office of Judge Willliam B. Jones, of Lincoln, and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1869. In May of the same year he located in Lawrenceville, where he has since continued to practice his profession. In 1873, was appointed by the governor to the office of county judge, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of William J. Crews. About the close of the term of county judge, Harry Briscoe, the prosecuting attorney, died, and Mr. Huffman was chosen to fill the vacancy, and in 1875 was elected to the same for the term of four years. In 1869, he formed a partnership with HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 131 David B. Abernathy, and, subsequently, for about two years was in partnership with E. Callahan. In 1881, he took into partnership, D. L. Brewer, which continued until the death of the la'ter in March, 1822. In June 1882, S. G Gee, became a partner, and the firm of Huffman & Gee still continues. Wititam M. Rosrnson, is ason of Dr. J. A. Robin-- son, a Methodist minister. He received his early education in the public schools, in the various towns in Illinois, to which his father was sent as pastor, and sub- sequently attended McKendree college at Lebanon, Illinois, from which institution he graduated in 1870. In 1871, he began reading law with William Stoker, of Centralia, and afterward with Judge Horace Hayward, Olney. Was admitted to the bar in January, 1875. Immediately thereafter he began the practice of law in Olney, associated with W. Mattoon, and in August, 1876, came to Lawrenceville and opened an office, form- ing partnership with D. L. Brewer, in 1877, which continued for a period of two years, since which time Mr. Robinson has practiced alone. He is a man of great talent and a lawyer of ability. 8. B. Row.anp, is a native of Illinois. He began the study of law in the office of Wilson & Hutchison, of Olney, and afterward attended the law department of the University of Michigan, graduating in March, 1871. Was admitted to the bar in this State, in April of the same year, and soon afterward located in the practice of law at Lawrenceville. In 1882, he formed a partner- ship with T. P. Lowery, and in the same year purchased the Lawrence County Democrat, which was under his management about four years. March 16, 1883, he formed a partnership with his old preceptor, E. 8. Wil- son, of Olney. GeorcEe Hurray, is a brother of Judge T. B. Huff. man, also a native of Indiana. He was educated in the schools of his native State, attending the Vincennes University, and in 1867 entered the Lincoln University of Illinois, from which he was graduated in 1869. Began the study of law in 1870, in the office of W. B. Jones, at Lincoln, and was admitted to practice in 1871. For afew years he taught school, and was engaged in the mercantile business, and in the spring of 1878 began the practice of his profession in Lawrenceville by him- self. In 1879 he became a partner with E. 8. Wilson of Olney, which continued until August, 1880, when he formed a partnership with Frank C. Meserve. Mr. Huffman is a good lawyer. K. P. Snyper, the present efficient prosecuting attorney of Lawrence county, was born in Richland county, Illinois, where he received his early education, subsequently attending the State Normal University, at Normal, Illinois. Read law in the office of Fifer & Phillips, of Bloomington, at the same time attended the law department of the Wesleyan University, from which institution he graduated in June, 1879, aud immediately thereafter was admitted to the bar at Mt. Vernon, Illinois. September 1, 1879, he opened a law office in Lawrenceville. In 1880, he was elected to the office of State’s attorney for Lawrence county, for a term of four years. Mr. Snyder is a studious, careful lawyer, and a successful prosecutor. T. B. Finty, a resident attorney of Sumner, a native of Ohio, attended Miller’s Academy, and afterward Franklin College at Athens, Ohio, from which he gradu- ated in 1860. Read law in the office of Miller & Sherrard, at Steubenville, Ohio, and took a course in the law school: at Cleveland, Ohio. Began practice at Sidney, Ohio, and afterward became a partner of Judge William Lawrence, at Bellefontaine, Ohio, Opened an office at Sumner, in 1879, where he has since resided. Frank MESERVE came to Illinois from Massachu- setts, his native state, in 1879. He is a young man of scholarly attainments, having had advantage of the su- perior schools of his native state, and graduating at the Boston University in 1877. His father being a lawyer, Mr. Meserve inherited a natural inclination and tact for the legal profession, and shortly after leaving college he began the study of law in his father’s office. Coming west, he resided with his uncle, at Robinson, Illinois, and completed his legal course in the office of Callahan & Jones of that town. He was admitted to the bar in this state in June, 1880, and the following month located in Lawrenceville, forming a law partnership with George Huffman, under the style of Huffman & Meserve, which still continues. In January, 1881, the firm purchased the Democratic Herald, Mr. Meserve assuming editorial charge. He is an energetic, studious lawyer, with good prospects for an extended practice. C. J. BorpEN is a native of Pennsylvania; he gra- duated from the Chester county Academy, in Peunsyl- vania, in 1873, and in 1876 went to Kentucky and attended the law department of the University of Louis- ville, graduating in 1879. He located in the practice of law at Lawrenceville in 1881. 8. J. GeE was born in St. Francisville, in this county. He entered Shurtleff college, at Alton, Illinois, in 1876, graduating in 1880, and immediately afterward began the study of law in the office of Brewer & Huffman, in Lawrenceville, and was admitted to the bar in 1882. Soon afterward he became the junior partner of T. B. Huffman, with whom he is still associated. Puitrp W. Barnes, the present judge of the Law- rence county court, is a native of Ohio, and came with his father to this county when a lad of six years; at- tended the common schools of Lawrence county, and graduated at the Olney high-school in 1879, and soon afterward entered the law department of the Illinois Wesleyan University, at Bloomington, Illinois,, from which he graduated June 15, 1881, and was admitted to the bar January 11,1882 On the 4th of December of the same year he began the practice of law in Law- renceville by himself. In 1873 Mr. Barnes received the nomination for the office of county judge, by the Republican party, and was elected, the duties of which office he is now discharging with credit to himself and 132 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLIN OIS. satisfaction to the people of Lawrence. is a young man of promise. Judge Barnes WABASH COUNTY. FORMER RESIDENT LAWYERS. The first resident attorney of Wabash county, as near as it is possible to ascertain, was Epwarp Munpy. He was a nativeof New Jersey,and became a resident of Wabash county as early as 1820, locating in what is now Friendsville precinct. He traveled the circuit and was considered a good attorney. He was elected to represent this district in the legislature in 1830. A few years later he moved to Michigan, where he afterward became very prominent in political affairs, being elected Lieutenant Governor and holding other important offices. An attorney, by the, name of Exxrys, is remembered as early as 1826, having located in the county, remaining however, only a few years. Hon. O. B. Ficx1in, a gentleman so well known to the citizens of the Wabash country, became a practising lawyer at Mt. Carmel as early as 1830, and was elected from Wabash county to represent that district in the legislature in 1834. Soon after serving out his term in the legislature he moved to Charlestown, Coles county, this state, and from that district was elected to Congress in 1843, being four times re-elected, and for many years recognized as one of the leaders of that body. He is still an honored citizen of Charlestown. A Mr. Pyuz, came to Mt. Carmel about 18383, re- maining about three years. James McDowE Lt, came in 1830, and practiced law at the Wabash bar until his death in 1866. He was for several years judge of the probate court, and was regarded as asound attorney. Besides his profession he was also engaged in mercautile pursuits for several years in Mt. Carmel. CHARLES H. ConsTaBLE, was anative of Maryland and located at Mt. Carmel in 1839, and remained here until 1852, when he removed to Marshall county, Illi- nois, where he was elected to the office of circuit judge. He was a lawyer of ability. Died about the close. of the late war. Josera G. Bowman, a Virginian, became a member of the Wabash bar in 1839. He was elected to repre- sent the district in the legislature in 1840, and subse- quently moved to Lawrenceville, and thence to Olney, where he still resides. JosErH ©. Ortu, native of Pennsylvania, located here in 1844, practicing his profession for three or four years, when he engaged in farming in this county until his death in 1857. Ropert W. DovucueErry, came here from Baltimore about 1848, practiced Jaw for a short time and returned to the east. Victor B. Bett, brother of Robert Bell, practiced at the Wabash bar from 1848 to 1855, when he moved to Chicago, and formed a partnership with Gen. T. E. “Wabash county bar. Ransom. He afterward moved to Washington, D. C., and from thence to New Orleans where he died in 1867. In 1852-54, he represented Wabash and Edwards counties in the house of Representatives. PRESENT RESIDENT LAWYERS. Roperr Bett is the oldest resident lawyer of the He is a native of the county, and received his education in the common and select schools of Mt. Carmel. He began the study of law in the office of his brother, Victor B. Bell, and subsequently attended the law department of the Indiana State University, from which Institution he graduated in February, 1855. In the spring of the same year, he formed a partnership in law, with Lewis C. Keller, at Fairfield, Illinois, where he began the practice of his profession. After a resi- dence of two years at Fairfield, he established an office in Mt. Carmel. In 1864, he formed a partnership with Edward B. Green, under the style of Bell & Green, which firm still continue, one of the strongest in south- ern Illinois. In 1863, Mr. Bell was elected President of the Illi- nois Southern Railroad Company, which afterward merged into the Cairo and Vincennes Railroad Company. In 1869, he was appointed by the Governor, Judge of Wabash county, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Judge T. J. Armstrong. In the same year he was elected President of the St. Louis, Mt. Carmel & New Albany Railroad Company, serving in that capa- city uftil the consolidation of that railroad into the Louisville, New Albany & St. Louis, in 1872. In 1876, he was sent as special agent of the U.S. Treasury, to California, to investigate alleged frauds in the Interna- tional Revenue district of that State. In the campaign of 1878, he was the Republican candidate for Congress in the nineteenth district, making a vigorous fight, although the district was hopelessly Democratic. Was a member of the Republican State Central Committee at large, from 1878 to 1882, and was one of the U.S. Commissioners in 1881, appointed to examine the Atlan- tic and Pacific railroad in New Mexico. Besides those more important positions, Judge Bell has held many other minor otfices of trust, in all of which he performed his duties with credit and satisfac- tion. He isa sound successful lawyer. Epwarp B. Green, who stands at the head of the Wabash county bar, isa native of Pennsylvania, born December 29, 1837. He obtained his early education in the common schools of his native State, and took a classical course in the Reimersburg Academy, after which he was for some time Professor of Languages, in the West Freedom Academy. Leaving that position, he came directly to Edgar county, Illinois, in 1858, and began the study of law in the office of Green & Eads, at Paris. Completing his course, he was admitted to the bar in June, 1860, and immediately afterward came to Mt. Carmel, and established himself in the practice of his profession. Four years later he formed a partner- ship with Robert Bell, under the style of Bell & Green, HISTORY OF ED WARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 133 which still continues, and is one of the leading law firms this part of the State. In 1877, he was the Republican candidate for Judge of the second judicial circuit. Two years later he be- came a candidate against John H. Mulkey, for the Supreme bench. In 1882, he accepted the Republican candidacy for Congress, against Aaron Shaw, and not- withstanding the large Democratic majority in this dis- trict, Mr. Green made a vigorous and creditable contest. Mr. Green is a man of fine talents, and one of the ablest and most profound lawyers in southern Illinois. He has a practice that extends to all adjoining counties, and his cases in the Appellate and Supreme courts are numer- ous. 8. Z. Lanpes isa native of Virginia, and with his parents emigrated and settled at Paris, Illinois, in 1856, He acquired his preliminary education in the common schools of Edgar county, and afterward attended the Edgar County Academy. He entered upon the study of law in the office of Robert N. Bishop, and after com- pleting his course, was admitted to the bar in August, 1868. The next year he opened an office in Mt. Carmel, and began the practice of his chosen profession. In 1870, he was elected City Attorney, and served in that capacity for three consecutive terms. In 1873, he was chosen as State’s Attorney for the county of Wabash, and by re-election has held that office ever since. Mr, Landes is a hard student, a sound lawyer, a vigorous presecutor and excels as an advocate. SaMuEL R. Purman,was born in Wabash county. He began the study of law in the office of Bell and Green in the spring of 1868, and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1870. Soon after being admitted he went to Kansas, where, in Eureka, he engaged in the practice of his profession for two years, returning to Mt. Carmel. In 1874, he formed a partnership with A. B. Mathews, which firm continued for one year, when Sylvester Greathouse came in, the style of firm being Mathews, Putman and Greathouse. Mathews retired from the firm in June, 1879, and Putman and Greathouse con- tinue still in partnership. They are engaged in a good general practice. SYLVESTER GREATHOUSE, is also a native of this county. He read law in the office of Mathews and Putman, and was admitted to the bar in 1875, and im- mediately entered upon the practice in partnership with the firm above named. Prior to his adopting the pro fession of law, Mr. Greathouse served the people of the county in the capacity of Treasurer, being elected in 1¢65, and re-elected in’67. In 1869 he was elected to the office of county clerk, and served one term. M. F. Hosxrns, is a native of Indiana. He read law with Bell and Green, and was admitted to the bar in January, 1876, and opened an office in Mt. Carmel and began the practice by himself. In 1877 he was appoint- ed city attorney, and in 1879 was elected to the same office. M. H. Munpy, was born in Wabash county, where he received his rudimentary education, and attended the Western Central college, at Warrenton, Mo. He began the study of law in the office of Judge F. D. Preston, at Olney, Illinois, in the spring of 1876, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1878. He first practiced in Olney, about one year, then came to Mt. Carmel, where he has since been engaged. Wituiam R. Laypnes, brother of 8S. Z Landes, student in the office of the latter, was admitted to the bar in 1882, and practices with his brother, but not in part- nership. The list of prosecuting attorneys of these counties will be found in the chapter on civil history. t= GHAPIER 2. THE PRESS. The Pioneer, Albion Journal, The Bumble-bee, Egyptian Republican, American Sentinel, Star Spangle Banner, American Banner, Lawrenceville Banner, West- ern Globe, Lawrence County Globe, Laurence County Journal, Lawrence County Courier, Rural Republican, Lawrence County Democrat, Farmers’ Union, Dem- ocral Herald, Lawrence County Press, Sumner.Press, Sumner Democrat, Bridge- port Times, Mt. Carmel Sentinel and Wabash Advocate, Mt. Carmel Register, Wabash Republican, The Greenbrier, The Plowboy, Wabash Democrat, Tem- perance Leader, Mt. Carmel Leader, Mt. Carmel Republican. P| [HE press, the great luminary of liberty, is the handmaid of progress. It heralds its doings and makes known its discoveries. It is the advance-courier, whose coming is eagerly looked for, and whose arrival is hailed with joy as it brings tidings of its latest achievements. The press pre- pares the way and calls mankind to witness the ap- proach and procession of the triumphal car of progress as it passes on down through the vale of the future. When progress stops, the press will cease, and the intel- lectual and moral world will go down in darkness. The press is progress, and progress the press. So intimately are they connected that one cannot exist without the other. The history of this great discovery dates back to the fifteenth century. Its discovery occurred in the following manner: lLaurentius Coster, a native of Herlem, Holland, while rambling in the forest contigu- ous to his native city, carved some letters out of the bark of a birch tree. Drowsy from the relaxation of a holi- day, he wrapped his carvings in a piece of paper and lay down to sleep. Dampened by the atmospheric moist- ure, the paper wrapped about his handiwork had taken an impression from them, and the surprised burgher saw on the paper an inverted image of his engravings. The phenomenon was suggestive, because it led to ex- periments that resulted in establishing a printing office in the old Dutch town of Herlem. The discovery of Coster’s wood blocks, on which the pages to be printed were engraved, was made some time between 1440 and 1450. Peter Schoeffer’s improvement, by casting the type by means of matrices, was made about 1456. For a long time printing was dependent upon most 134 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. clumsy apparatus. The earliest press had a contrivance for running the forms under the point of pressure by means of a screw. Improvements were made upon these crude beginnings from time to time, until the hand- presses now in use are models of simplicity, durability and execution. In 1814, steam was first applied to cyl- inder presses by Friedrich Konig, a Saxon genius, and the subsequent progress of steam printing has been so remarkable as to almost justify a belief in its absolute perfection. The first newspaper of modern times was issued at Venice, in 1536, but governmental bigotry compelled its circulation in manuscript form. In 1663, the Public Intelligencer, was published in London, and is credited with being the first English paper to attempt the dis- semination of general information. [n 1689, the first prin- ting-press in America, was set up at Cambridge, Conn., and Stephen Daye, the pioneer American printer, struck off “ The Freeman’s Oath,” and the next year the Bay Psalm-Book. The first American newspaper was the Boston News Letter, whose first issue was made April 2+, 1704. It was edited by John Campbell, the postmaster. The Boston Gazette made its appearance December 21, 1719, and the American Weekly, at Philadelphia, Decem- ber 22,1719 In 1776, there were thirty-seven news- papers published in the colonies; in 1828, the number had increased to eight hundred and fifty-two, and at the present time not less than eight thousand newspapers are supported by our people. a For dates and facts relating to the early history of the press of Edwards, Lawrence and Wabash counties we are indebted to Morris Emmerson, of the Albion Journal; Walter Colyer, of the Edwards County Neus ; Frank Havill, of the Mount Carmel Register ; Thomas L. Joy, of the Mt. Carmel Republican; Judge Robert Bell, Captain Sharp; Sam B Day, of the Rural Repub- lican; Frank C. Meserve, of the Democratic Herald; J. J. W. McCleave, Major Daniel L. Gold,S. B. Rowland and several other citizens who were interviewed, to whom we wish to return our thanks. Especially are we under obligations to Will R. Carlton, of the Sumner Press, who took an active interest in gathering from the proper sources the facts and history pertaining to the newspaper enterprises of Sumner. EDWARDS COUNTY. The first journalistic venture within the borders of Edwards county was made by R. S. Thompson, a native of the county. In 1868 he purchased a press and printers’ material at the Cincinnati Type Foundry, brought it here and issued THE PIONEER. The style of the paper was firsta five-column folio, but was afterward changed by Mr. Thompson toa five-column quarto, patent. It wasa neat, well appearing sheet. Mr. Thompson was not a practical printer, but a man of good business tact, and a vigorous writer. While the paper was under his management it advocated Republi- ean principles. In about five years from the time of the establishment of the Pioneer, Mr. Thompson sold the material and paper to Gil R. Stormont, who changed the name of it to the ALBION JOURNAL, And made it a seven-column folio, printing all in the office. Mr. Stormont being a practical print- er, and acquainted with journalism, soon brought the paper up to the standard country journal, and it continued to flourish under his control until September 1, 1876, when he sold it to Ballentine & Emmerson. He is now editor and publisher of the Princeton (Indiana) Clarion. The latter firm continued the publication until September 1, 1878, when Mr. Bal- lentine retired from the partnership, and Morris Emmer- son assumed full proprietorship and still continues as such. April 1, 1883, he added another column, making the paper au eight-column folio. Mr. Emmerson isan able writer and asuccessful journalist. His paper ad- vocates the principles of the Republican party and hasa large circulation. While Mr. Thom;son owned the paper, he also pub- lished a monthly magazine called THE BUMBLE-BEE. Besides the newspaper business he was engaged in the drug trade, and manufactured and sold patent medicine. The Bumble-Bee was published in the inter- est of the trade, and by the “ Bumble-Bee Manufactur- ing Company.” It was mailed to all parts of the United States, but was short-lived, having made but a few issues. Mr. Thompson is now editor and publisher of the Farmer's Advance, published at Springfield, Ohio, and is secretary of the State Grange of Ohio. One year prior to the establishment of the Pioneer, William B. Tribe, then deputy circuit clerk, purchased a small hand press and some type, and did job printing in the office. This was the first printing done in Ed- wards county. THE EGYPTIAN REPUBLICAN was the name of a newspaper published in the office of the Albion Journal in 1878. It was a three-column folio, edited by Chaleraft & Orange, and existed about seven months. In the autumn of 1880, Flower & Chalcraft purchased a press, and a variety of type at the Cincinnati Type Foundry, brought it to Albion, and from it the first issue of the AMERICAN SENTINEL Appeared December 23, 1880. In about two months Chaleraft sold his interest to Quaint Buntin, and the firm became Flower & Buntin, which continued until August 5, 1881, when they sold to Applegath & Colyer. November 5, 1881, Colyer sold his interest to Applegath, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 135 who.Jin turn, February 11, 1882, scold to Walter Colyer, who became sole owner and editor of the paper. He soon changed its name to the EDWARDS COUNTY NEWS, And made it a seven-column folio. From the beginning it has been a Republican sheet. It is typographically neat, well edited, and is a credit to the county journal- ism of Ilinois. LAWRENCE COUNTY The newspaper enterprise of Lawrence county began with the publication of the STAR SPANGLED BANNER, in the winter of 1847. It was owned and edited by John F. Buntin, who deserves honorable mention as the pio- neer printer of the county. He brought the press and material from Vincennes. The paper was a six column folio, independent in politics. In a year or two the words “Star Spangled,” were dropped, and American was sup- plied to the head of the paper. THE AMERICAN BANNER was then moved to Olney, where it was printed and mailed tothesubscribers. In 1855, Mr. Buntin returned the office and paper to the county, locating at Russell- ville, where it remained until March, 1856, when it was again removed to Lawrenceville. The name is said to have again been changed to the Lawrenceville Banner. In 1858, the office and paper was purchased by H. C. Mc Cleaveand D. L. Brewer. They gave to it the name of the WESTERN GLOBE, and it became wedded to the democratic party. The journalistic career of McCleave and Brewer was of short duration, for in a few months the Globe was again the property of J. F. Buntin, and for a time Nat. Lander was associated with him as editor. Mr. Buntin changed the name of the paper to the LAWRENCE COUNTY GLOBE, and brought it back into the republican fold. He con- tinued the publication of the paper until some time in 1868, when ke moved the office to Cumberland county. The Globe being changed to a republican paper, cre- ated a demand for an exponent of the democratic party, and resulted in establishing the LAWRENCE COUNTY JOURNAL in the spring of 1867. The editor and proprietor of this enterprise was W. C. Luken. He brought the ma- terial from Vincennes. The paper was a six column folio. After a year or two, John F. Buntin returned to Lawrenceville, and purchased the Journal and changed the name to THE LAWRENCE COUNTY COURIER. Mr. Buntin continued its publication as a democratic paper until December, 1870, when the office was totally destroyed by fire. Soon after, by the assistance of friends, Mr. Buntin purchased a new press and material, and reéstablished the Courier. It was, ho wever, destined to a short life, being again entirely destroyed by fire, Au- gust 18,1871. Buntin was a man not to be discouraged, for in a very short time the Courier was being issued from a new office in Bridgeport. It remained there about one year and was removed to Lawrenceville, and soon after suspended. The Republican party being with- out an organ, in March, 1873, Maj. Daniel L. Gold pur- chased the office, added some new material and estab- lished the RURAL REPUBLICAN. It was a five column folio, and ably edited. In 1874 or 75 Miss Mary Buntin, daughter of John F. Buntin, purchased it and continued its publication until No- vember 16, 1880, when it passed into the possession of Sam. B. Day, the present editor and proprietor. Mr. Day is a young man, a practical printer, and displays considerable journalistic ability in the management. of the Republican, a newsy, first class country journal. THE LAWRENCE COUNTY DEMOCRAT was established in October, 1871, by W. C. Garrard, editor and publisher. It was an eight column folio. Mr. Garrard continued the Democrat for about two years, when it was purchased by 8. B. Bowland. The name was then changed to THE FARMERS’ UNION. T. P. Lowery, assumed editorial charge, and the pa- per was run in the interests of the Grange movement. In 1874, J. W. Mehaffy accepted the editor’s chair, and brought the paper back into the Democratic ranks, giving it the name, DEMOCRATIC HERALD, under which title it has since been published. Decem- ber, 1875, Rowland sold the Herald to James K. Dick- erson, who continued it until December, 1878, disposing of it to Riley & Garrard. January 31, 1880, Will. M. Garrard, became sole owner, continuing its publication until January, 1881, when the law firm of Huffman & Meserve, purchased it, Frank C. Meserve, assuming editorial control of the paper. Under their manage- ment the Herald has taken front rank in country jour- nalism, and these gentlemen have demonstrated their ability to run a newspaper and make it a financial suc- cess, and at the same time furnish their constituency a journal of which they may well be proud. THE LAWRENCE COUNTY PRESS was a Sumner enterprise, and the first newspaper in that town. For more than fifteen years Sumner had been regarded as the best place of business in the county, and it was not until the establishment of the Press, in 1875, that it had a newspaper. This fact was owing to party supremacy. The larger proportion of the strength of the Republican party being in and around Sumner, the people felt it their duty to support that paper at the county seat. However, as the town grew in importance, 136 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. a newspaper became a necessity, and in November, 1875, James A. Ilger established the Press. It was In- dependent, and in form, a five column quarto, two pages of which were printed at home. Mr. Ilger was a practical printer, but unfortunately had no editorial ability. In April, 1878, he sold the paper and office to C. P. and W. E. Mock. They were both men of exper- ience, but lacked judgment in the proper selection of local news, engaging in petty quarrels, and in the publi- cation of trivial matters that should not be noticed by anewspaper. OC. P. Mock retired in July, 1878, leaving his young brother in charge, but died shortly afterward. Some time in the administration of the Mock brothers, the form of the paper was changed to a seven column folio, with patent inside. In October, 1875, the Press was purchased by Dr. Z. D. French and A. C. Clip- pinger, both of Sumner. These gentlemen changed its politics from Independent to Republican, and under their management it increased in circulation, and was in a healthy growing condition. In December, 1879, Clippinger retired, and E. E. Jones, also of Summer, succeeded him as half owner. French & Jones continued the paper until 1880, when the former retired, and Mr. Jones became sole proprie- tor, filling the ‘position with credit to himself and the community, until February, 1881. A. C. Clippinger then purchased the entire business, made it again an Independent paper, conductirg it until September fol- lowing, when W. R. Carlton, of Wabash county, the present editor and proprietor, succeeded him. Under Mr. Carlton’s vigorous management, the paper at once entered upon an era of prosperity it had never before enjoyed. It very soon became a straightout Republican organ. He added to the office a rotary job press, and a variety of new type. In April, 1882, another change was necessary, the “patent inside” was abolished to make room for increased advertising. The name was changed to THE SUMNER PRESS, and the paper was made a six column folio, which still continues, the only all-home print journal in Lawrence county. Mr. Carlton is a practical printer, a man of experience and journalistic ability, and is publishing a newspaper of which the people of Lawrence county may well feel proud, and to whose support they can most graciously contribute. Prior to the campaign of 1880, the democracy of the west side of the county, began to feel that they should have 2n exponent of their principles in that end of the county, having only one democratic paper, while the republicans had two. After counselling with the party leaders, and business men of the place, it was determined that Sumner should have another paper, one that should be conducted in the interests of the democratic party. Consequently in February, 1880, Rev. P. C. Cauble and A. C. Clippinger established THE SUMNER DEMOCRAT. The paper made a good start, and was doing well, when in April, 1880, Cauble retired and resumed his profession. The firm changed its name two or three times, but continued weakening, and on the 10th of November, 1880, it yielded up the ghost. The press and material of the Democrat office lay idle the remainder of the year, and January 1, 1881, Joseph M. Freese and David B. Clark, purchased them and a few days after commenced the publication of THE BRIDGEPORT TIMES, at Bridgeport. It was Independent in politics, and in form a seven column quarto. They published a respect- able paper, but the community failed to give them a living support, and about eight months it suspended. The material was subsequently sold and taken to Robin- son, and from it was issued the Anti-Monopolist. WABASH COUNTY. The first newspaper established in this county was published at Mt. Carmel, 1834. It was called the MT. CARMEL SENTINEL AND WABASH ADVOCATE. The press and material was brought here by Horace Roney, who after publishing if for about one year, died, and it came into the possession of Edward Baker, who continued it until 1836. It then passed into the hands of Richard Beck, with O B. Ficklin, as editor. Joseph G. Bowman, was also connected with the paper. In 1839, it was discontinued and the office taken to Mt. Vernon, Indiana. The county was without a newspaper for only a short time, as in the fall of the same year, 1839, the citizens purchased a press and fitted up an office from which the MT. CARMEL REGISTER, was issued with J.S, Powers, as editor and publisher. At that time there were but few papers in Southern Illinois, and the Register had a wide circulation. It was a five column folio, and in politics it advocated the prin- ciples of the Whig party, and supported Gen. Harrison, in the campaign of 1840. Powers was succeeded by Ezra B. Meeny, a printer, who had come west with him, only for a short time, however, as in 1841, George B. Backus, took charge and conducted the paper for several years. He was succeeded by Frank Fuller, and he in turn by Fuller & Hutchinson. In 1848, W. D. Jackson appeared as editor, and was soon succeeded by S. S. Luken, who died soon afterward, and the Register be- came the property of Victor B. and Robert Bell, who increased the subscription list and published an excellent paper. As the brothers Bell, were divided in political views, the paper was allowed to float in an independent channel. In 1852, they sold the paper and oftice to Theodore S. Bowers, who, although a practical printer, was not a success. During the late war, Bowers became a colonel in the regular army, and adjutant on Gen. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 137 Grant's staff, and was killed on the railroad near West Point, in 1866. He was succeeded in the Register by Frank C. Manly, with Judge Green, as political editor, who made the Register a Republican organ. Manly died in 1862, and George W. Douglas took the paper and made it a Democratic sheet, supporting McClellan in the campaign of 1864. Before the close of the con- test Douglas died, and it was sold to Richard Beck, who again wheeled it into the republican ranks. Jn 1867, the office and paper was sold at public auction for $250, Judge Green being the purchaser. Back still continued to publish the paper, until it was sold to J. P. M Calvo, the publisher of the Democrat. The press and a portion of the type were subsequently sold and shipped to Iowa. In 1868, Messrs. Cope and Wade, two young printers, from Olney, brought an outfit here and re-established the Register. They soon sold out to C. I. Wilmans, who run the paper until 1870, when it was purchased by T. J. Groves, who returned it to Wilmans within a few weeks. The next year John H. Wilmans became a partner. In 1872, C. I. Wilmans, sold his interest to Frank W. Havill, and the firm of Wilmans & Havill, continued to publish the paper for about three and a half years. August 27th, 1872, the office was totally destroyed by fire, but was immediately re-established, only two issues of the paper being missed. It re-ap- peared as aneight column folio. In 1875, Frank W. Havill, became sole owner of the Register, and in 1878, made it an exponent of the Democratic party. Under the management of Mr. Havill, the paper has taken new life, and now ranksamong the leading journals of southern Illinois. He is a strong, forcible writer, and an excellent newspaper manager. The next journalistic venture after the Register, was the WABASH REPUBLICAN, started by W. D. Latshaw in 1840. It existed about one year. About the same date as above, J. S. Powers, published a small sheet called THE GREENBRIER. Tis candle of life speedily flickered out. In 1844, Valentine Miller, issued « little political paper known as THE PLOWBOY. Its existence was very brief. THE WABASH DEMOCRAT, was established in 1844, by W. E. Latshaw, who con- tinued its publication for about two years, when Austin Brooks and Finney D. Preston purchased it. They were inexperienced and soon failed to issue the paper and the office was sold and moved to Shawneetown. In 1860, a new press was purchased, the old name revived and Jacob Zimmerman installed as editor. Under his short administration the paper was ably edited. He was succeeded by G. W. Besore, who was killed in a political fight by Hiram Stanton, in 1863. James T. Costello, was next in the editorial chair, and had a good paper. The Democrat existed until 1878, and during that time made many changes, having had 15 at least a dozen different owners. Messrs. J. & G. W. Hanna, who were at one time proprietors, for about four years, brought the paper up to the standard country journal, and made it a prosperous institution. In 1878, it died a natural death under the management of J. C. Hinckley, and the office was moved to Harris- burg, Illinois. During the “ Blue Ribbon Movement” in 1878, Messrs. Grossman & Scafer, published a monthly paper called THE TEMPERANCE LEADER, but the ‘“movement.’’ being irresponsive and not materializing to the extent desired by its too sanguine and mistaken supporter, soon collapsed. The last venture for journalistic favor was the estab- lishment of the MT. CARMEL REPUBLICAN, in 1878. Its founders were Richard H. Brown and his father, who brought the press and material here. They did not make a success and soon retired, the paper pass- ing into the possession of J. F. Wilmans, who purchased new material, refitted the office and continued to publish the paper until January 11th, 1883, when Thomas L- Joy purchased it and assumed the position of editor and publisher. Mr. Joy is an experienced newspaper man, having been connected with some of the ieading journals in southern Illinois. The nume of the paper expressed its political tone. In April, it was made an eight column folio, and the paper presents a neat typo- graphical appearence. Judging from the motto, “ We are here to stay,’’ and the evidences of prosperity and industry plainly observable around the office, we have no doubt that the Republican is destined to be one of the prominent institutions and industries of Mt. Carmel. The history of the press of Edwards, Lawrence and Wabash counties, has been briefly traced. They have been fairly representative of the progress and have kept pace with the business growth of the country. It has numbered among its workers men of culture and literary ability, several of whom afterward occupied positions of high honor and trust in the states of their adoption. The influence and character of the county papers have grown with the material and intellectual growth of those they have represented. No industry can show a better record or number more patient or en- thusiastic workers. To them more than any other class belongs the honor of building up the reputation that Edwards, Lawrence and Wabash counties possess and in which they delight. SE CHAPTER, XL PATRIOTISM. THE BLACK HAWK WAR, 4HE precursor of this conflict was the Winne- bago war. an affray which occurred in the sumnier of 1827. At this period a great many adventures, attracted by the lead- mines at Galena, visited the Winnebago country and 138 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. purposely provoked hostilities, as a pretext for taking their lands by reprisal. The Winnebagoes, in what they deemed their wrongs, enlisted the sympathies of the Sioux, who were waiting an opportunity of redressing grievances, which they claimed to have suffered at the hands of the Americans. The principal hostile demon- stration was an attack upon a keel-boat returning down Reck river from a trip, carrying supplies to Fort Snell- ing. It had touched on its way up at the Winnebago camp, and carried away a number of squaws. Its return was watched for, and while a desperate attack was made upon it, it became grounded, and the crew were in im- minent peril. Tue squaws escaped to their infuriated lords, and the boat succeeded in dislodging itself and making its way down the river. This occurrence spread great alarm among the people, and, in pursuance of an order from Gov. Edwards, the miners at Galena were formed into companies and equipped for action. General Atkinson, with six hundred regulars, and the Galena militia under General Dodge, penetrated the enemy’s country and compelled the savages to sue for peace. Among the captured were Red Bird, chief of the Sioux, and Black Hawk. The former had been the friend of the whites till incited to ho-tilities by the Winnebagves. The latter, in the war of 1812, offered his services to the Americans, who declined them from motives of humanity. He was born at the principal village of his tribe on Rock river in 1767. Possessing no hereditary rank, he rose to the dignity of a chief by the native vigor of his char- acter and his success in war. To Gen. Gaines’ inquiry in council: “ Who is Black Hawk? Is hea chief, and why does he sit in council?” he replied: “I will tell you whoITam. I amaSac. My father wasa Sac. I am a warrior, and so was my father. Ask those young braves who have followed me in battle, and they will tell you who Black Hawk is. Provoke our people to war and you will learn who Black Hawk is.”’ By the treaty of 1804 the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all land lying between the mouth of the Illinois and of the Wisconsin rivers. By a pro- vision of this treaty, so long as these lands remained the property of the United States, the Indians were to enjoy the liberty of occupying them. In the year 1829 the government disposed of some land at the mouth of Rock river, and thus, according to the treaty, extinguished the Indian title. In 1830 a treaty was made, in accord- ance with whose provisions the Indians removed from the lands they had sold and retired across the river. At this time Keokuk and Black Hawk were the two prin- cipal chiefs of the Sac and Fox nations. In accordance with the treaty stipulations, Keokuk remained across the river. Black Hawk, however, actuated no doubt to some extent by a genuine love of the land and village home of his fathers, but principally by ill-will toward the Americans, intensified by the intrigues of-a Wiune- bago chief, who assured him of the assistance of the tribes along Rock river, recrossed the Mississippi in the spring of 1831 with his women and children and three hundred warriors. Depredations on the part of the In- dians were quite frequent, and the executive of the state was applied to for prot-ction. General Gaines, with six companies of United States troops from the Jefferson barracks,—four having been ordered from Prairie Du Chien,—proceeded to Fort Armstrong, and on the 7th of June held a council with the Indians, in which Black Hawk asserted that they had never sold them lands, and were determined never to abandon them. Gaines imme- diately applied to Governor Reynolds for volunteers. Sixteen hundred were soon in marching order, and an expedition was made to the mouth of Rock river. The Indians had fled and were encamped across the Missis- sippi. Gaines sent an order to Black Hawk, requiring him and his band to return and enter into a treaty of peace. This order, after much reluctance and delay, on the 30th of June the renowned warrior obeyed. On the 6th day of June, 1832, Black Hawk and his band, induced by White Cloud, the prophet of the Win- nebagoes, re-crossed the Mississippi and ascended the Rock river to the county of that tribe, ostensibly for the purpose uf planting a crop of corn with them. His real intentions, however, were to re-possess himself of his an- cient patrimony, and to this end he intended to make allies of the Winnebagoes, Potawattomies and other northern tribes. For in the winter of 1831-32 he had manifested dissatisfaction, and displayed much zeal in his efforts to obtain recruits. He had swelled the num- ber of his warriors to five hundred, embracing the pride and chivalry of the nation. When it became known that he bad re crossed the river, great alarm spread among the settlers, and frequent petitions for protection were received by Governor Reynolds, who determined to call out a large body of volunteers. 1800 men ac- cordingly met at Beardstown, the place of rendezvous’ and were organized into brigades and placed under the command of Gen. Whiteside by Gov. Reynolds, who also participated in the campaign. After organization, the State troops marched to Rock river, and united with the regulars under the command of General Atkinson. On the 9th of May the army commenced its march up the river in pursuit of the enemy, arriving at Dixon on the morning of the 12th. The principal event of this campaign was the battle of Stillman’s Run, May 14th, | in which a reconnoitring party, under Major Stillman, was defeated. On the night of the battle, Governor Reynolds, as commander-in-chief of the Illinois militia, made a requisition for two thousand additional troops to rendezvous at Beardstown and Hennepin early in June.” Dissatisfaction and demoralization appeared among the State troops of the army, and May 27th they were discharged by Governor Reynolds. This ended the second campaign, without effecting any important results, At the time these troops were mustered out, at the suggestion of General Atkirson, Governor Reynolds called for a thousand additional troops to enhance the previous levies, and a thousand to guard the frontier. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 139 A regiment was raised from among the disbanded troops to guard the more exposed settlements until the new levies could be made available. One of the companies, under Captain Snyder, became engaged in a severe skir- mish with a body of seventy Indians, at Kellogg’s Grove. On the 6th of June Black Hawk and one hundred and fifty warriors made an attack upon Apple river fort, a stockade situated near the present village of Elizabeth. The Indians, after an unsuccessful attempt of fifteen hours to take the fort, defended by twenty-five men, departed, loaded with spoils taken from the village and vicinity. Other depredations were committed before the levies could be brought together and officered. Organization was effected on the 16th of June at Fort Wilburn, on the south bank of the Illinois river, the men electing their own officers. They were received into the United States service by General Atkinson, who acted as com- mander-in-chief. On the 17th, Colonel Dement and his battalion were ordered to Dixon, preceding the main army. He took a position in Kellog’s Grove at the block house. Near this point Black Hawk and his three hundred naked warriors drew a reconnoitering party into an ambuscade, and pounced upon them from a bushy ravine with yells and savage fury, killing five men before they could make good their retreat to the fort. The result was the battle of Kellog’s Grove. The block house fort was vigorously attacked for nearly an hour, the force within returning the fire with such ra- pidity and precision that the assailants retired, leaving nine of their number dead on the field, and conveying others away with them. Early in July, Gen. Atkinson having heard that Black Hawk had fortified a pusition in southern Wis- consin, started thither for the purpose of bringing on a general engagement and terminating the war. Hight weeks were spent in marches and countermarches, result- ing in a fruitless attempt to find the enemy. This con- dition of things resulted largely from the perfidy of the Winnebago guides to whom the army trusted. At the Burot Village, on the White Water branch of Rock river, Gen. Atkinson ordered the army to disperse for subsistence. A council of war, however, convened, and it was unanimously agreed by the officers present that it was necessary under the existing exigencies to disre- gard the orders of Atkinson. Gen. Henry set to work at reorganizing his brigade, and fitting it for the de- mands of rapid marching. Having previously quelled a mutiny among the volunteers, a circumstance making the turning point of the entire campaign, on the 15th of July, he set out; his brigade then numbering six hundred men, and soon fell upon the trail of Black Hawk and his band, which from starvation, exhaustion and sickness, they could no longer conceal. They were overtaken at the Wisconsin bluff, and there was achieved the first important victory of the campaign, with a loss of one man killed, and eight wounded. The Indians left one hundred and sixty-eight of their warriors dead on the field, while a number of wounded were found in a their trail. Night came on and it was not thought pru- dent to pursue them into the bottom, whither they had taken refuge in the tall grass and dense furest. They crossed the Wisconsin and made their way toward the Mississippi, followed by the entire army under Gen. Atkinson. On the morning of the second of August, the army reached the bluff of the Mississippi. The In- dians having reached the margin of the river, a little below Bad Axe, some time before, were making prep- arations to cross. While they were thus situated, the steamboat Warrior, Captain Throckmorton, disregarding the white flag raised hy the Indians, a course which was severely criticised, discharged into their midst a six pounder, loaded with canister, followed by a severe fire of musketry. Twenty-three of the Indians were killed and a number wounded. Shortly after this, General Atkinson arrived and commenced a general engagement. By a feint the main body of the army was drawn aside and while it was moving up the river, the Indians were discovered by Henry's men who through the jealousy of Atkinson had been placed in the rear, charged upon them, completely routing and pushing them into the river. The battle ended in a general carnage, but few of the Indians escaping, among them their leader, the renowned Black Hawk. This bloody scene closes the war,in which many of the brave sons of Edwards, Law- rence and Wabash participated and played a gallant part, Believing that it will be of interest to our many readers, we append a list of the names of the men wha served in the Biack Hawk war from these counties. ~ CAPTAIN CHAMPION 8. MARDING’S COMPANY, Third Regiment Second Brigade, of Illinois Mounted Volunteers, called into the service of the United States, on requisition of General Atkinson, by the Governor’s proclamation, dated May 15, 1832. This Company was organized and their officers.commissioned May 5, 1839. Mustered out August 15, 1832, by order of Brigadier General Atkinson. Men fr>m Edwards County, Captauin—Cham pion 8. Marding, First Lieutenunt—William Curtis. Second Lieutenunt—Thomas Sandera, Sergeants. Hill, Starlin James Hunt Mitchell, William James Edmonson Mounts, Stephen James Ellison meee ce ‘ John Ed son xSe er i nape Rutherford, Josiah Corporal. Shelby, David Samuel Edmonson, 2d. Shelby, E. F Sames, L. B. Privates. Shores, William Bogwood, David Cooper, John Garland, Joseph Greathouse, David Sorm:, Henry Sterrit, Join Waldrup, John A detachment mustered out of service at Fort Dixon, under command of Capt. Jordan, of the Second Regi- ment, Second Brigade. Men from Edwards County. Lay, Joshua Madding, Robert McKinney, Alfred Moore, Harrison Mays, Matthew Corporals, Bell, James, Ist. Willson, Elijah, 3d. Bengaman, William, 4th. Musician. Mounts, Josep” Shelhy, Jonathan Drury, done Threat, Robert Privates. Thread, James Underwood, Alexander Bennett, James Warren, William B. Epney, Gordon Kelley, Milton 140 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. No rations, only as privates, drawn by any commis- sioned officer in my company; only one half-bushel of corn drawn by each man during the time of service; only one half-gallon of spirits drawn by the company ; not one pound of baggage hauled or packed for any commissioned officer in my company. This company was ordered to rendezvous at Hennepin, June 10, and arrived the 11th, and was mustered into service the 19th. Captain Solomon Hunter’s Company Of Third Regiment Second Brigade of Illinois Mounted Volunteers, called into the service of the United States on the requisition of Gen. Atkinson, by the Governor’s proclamation, dated May 15, 1832. This company was organized in the county of Edwards May 5, 1832. Mus- tered out Avgust 15, 1882, by order of Brigadier-Gen. Atkinson. Men from Edwards County. Captain—Solomon Hunter. First Lieutenant—William Carrabaugh, Second Lieutenant—John S. Rotrammel. Johnston, Abner Johnston, Robert Kirkling, Williamson Kellams, Gideon Lawler, William Lackey, John 0. Lackey, Thomas Neil, James Perkins, Thomas Pumphrey, Loanie Pollard, Edwin Rawlings, Nathan Richards, Newton Small, Thomas H. Seeds, William Selby, Josiah Spencer, Thomas illiams, John Young, Jacob Young, Jonathan Detachment of Capt. Barnes’ company 2d Regiment, 2d Brigade of Illinois Mounted Volunteers. This com- pany was organized in Lawrence county, Illinois, May 5, 1832. Mustered out August 15, 1832. Men from Lawrence County. Second Lientenmmt—Daniel Morris. Sergeants. John L. Bass, 1st. Thomas McDonald, 2d. Corporal. Jame# Buchanan Privates. Berton, Archibald Bass, Richard Crews, James Christy, Joseph B. Dunlap, Samuel Gallaher, Bonapart Gaddy, James Livingstone, John Moor, Edward Montgomery, John Moaler, Peyton McCleave, Benjamin Organ, Daniel Lewis, Thomas T, Pollard, James W. Richards, Joshua Turuer, ‘Thomas I. ‘Turner, John Turner, E. D. M. Taylor, George W. Walden, John Sergeants. Thomas Jaggers Joseph McCreary John Hocking John Brown Corporals. William H. Harper Zach Bottinghouse Hugh Mounts James, N. Harper Privates. Bottinghouse, Daniel Birkett, Thomas Batson, William Birkett, Samuel Charles, Solomon ¢ Car|l, John Curtis, George Chism, Elisha Dodd, Milton Dorothy, Robert Everly, Nimrod Emmerson, Alan Fortner, John Fortner, Henry Frazer, Hiram Hamilton, William Hensley, Charles Hobson, Dison Jones, William E. Jennings, James McKinney, William McCrackin, Hugh Mebrose, William Michels, Summer Morris, Miles Miffin, William Moss, Moses Rice, Matthew Robinson, John G. Snell, William Skinner, Thomas W. Truscott, William Thompson, Francis B. Tait, John Vincent, James Vincent, Josiah Williams, Jonathan This company was organized in Lawrence county, Illinois, on Monday, May 5,1832; marched from there June 2, 1832; arrived in Springfield June 9; mustered into U.S. service June 19, 1832. Captain John Barnes’ Company. Captain—John Barnes. First Lieutenant—Elijah Mays. Sergeants. ‘e Lewis, Stephen S. James McNabb Samuel Mundle William Mase Corporals. A. 8. Badollett Arthur Chenoweth Joseph F. Darr Privates. Barnes, Silas Bush, John Hunter, John T.* Moore, Tilford Mullins, John B. Organ, Daniel A. Pea, Henry Pea, Samuel Pullis, John J. Rawlings, Frederick Ruark, John W. Ruark, William F. Stewart, Joseph Strother, Pendleton Thompson, Jamest Westfall, Isaac * Promoted Quartermaster July 10, 1832. This company was organized in Edwards county, Illi- nois, on the 5th day of May, 1832. Marched, according to Governor’s order, for Hennepin, June 1, 1832; was mustered into the service of the United States on the 19th of June, 1832. Each man of the company fur- nished six days’ rations for himself and horse. The officers of said company drew one ration per day in kind, and the officers and men drew one half-bushel of corn, as forage, during the whole campaign. Captain Abner Greer’s Company, Spy Battalion of Illinois Mounted Volunteers, called into the service of the United States on the requisition of Gen. Atkinson, by the Governor’s proclamation, dated ———, 1832. Mustered out August 15, 1832. Men from Edwards County. Captain—Abner Greer. Fir st Lieutenant—David D. Marney. Second Lreutenant—Aaron Wells. Sergeants, Baird, James + Wounded; left in Hospital at Dixon, Aug. 2, 1832. This company was organized in Lawrence county Illinois, May 5th, 1832; Mustered out, August 15th, 1832. Captain John Arnold's Company Of the 2nd Regiment, of the 2nd Brigade of Illinois Volunteers, called into the service of the United States, on the requisition of Gen]. Atkinson, by the Governor’s proclamation dated May 15th, 1831. Mustered out August 15th, 1832. This company was organized in Wabash county, May 12th, 1832. Men from Wabash County. Captain—John Arnold. drst Lieutenant—George Danforth. Second Liewlenunt—Suniuel Fisher.* Ebenezer Z. Ryan William R. Jackman Mason Jones Alexander H. Gilmore Corporals. James Gadd Thomas B. Spencer Jeremiah Cawthorn Thomas J. England Privates. Andrevs, Silas Blizard, Thomas Baird, Proctor B. Clubb, Eli Cooper John Dudley, Joshua Dickerson, George Evans, William England, David Fyte, Moses Fytte, Edward P. Fish, Joshua Gillespie, William Gibbons, Harvey Jenady, Joseph Jackman, Bazel Sergeants, Mitehel C. Minnis Hiram Couch Mathias Leatherland* John A. Dobbs* Corporals, Solomon Frear* John Golden* Tra Keen* Wesley Wood* Privates. Besley, James* Bass, Dalphin Buchannan, John W. Buchannan, Joseph 0.* Buchannan, Henry R.* Brines, Jefferson Dodds, Joseph M. Godda, John Garner, James Golden, William Hull, Philip ie Jonathan 8, Hobbert, Henry Keen, Dennis Miller, Barton 8. MeMillen, James Ochletree, John Parmenter, Isaac Pixley, Isaac pideelys William Reel, Henry R. Sanford, Thomas Sanford, Jacob Smith, John O. Turner, Abner Utter, John Vanderhott Philip Woods, Jeremiah Wear, Thomas Wear, Harvey Winders, Warren Wright, Robert * Absent with leave, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 141 Detachment of Captain Elias Jordan’s Company, of the 2d Regiment, 2d Brigade. Enlisted for 90 days. Mounted Volunteers. Captain—Elias Jordan. First Lieutenant—James Kennerly, Second Lieutenant—John N. Barnett. Sergeant. James Grayson, 4th Fortney, Daniel Grayson, William Hood, Albert Corporal. Levellett, Joseph Zach Wilson, 2d Painter, Josep * : Summer, Thomas Privates. Summer, Joseph Major, James Major, Isaac Danford, Thomas Barnett, Benjamin F. Carlton, Robert Campbell, Robert Campbell, Patrick S. A detachment of Illinois Mounted Volunteers, under the command of Isaac Parmenter, Adjt. Second Regi- ment Second Brigade, from the day of its enrollment to August 2nd, 1832, when mustered out of service, at Dixon’s Ferry, [linois. Men from Wabash County. Adjutant—Isaac Parmenter, Adjutant 2d Regiment, 2d Brigade. First Lieutenant—Samuel Fisher. Sergeants. Matthew Leatherland Jaquess, W. F. Jaquess, J. N. John A. Dodds * Corporals. Solomon Frair John Golden Ira Keen Westley Wood Privates. Buchanaa, Jos. O. Buchanan, Henry R. Eastwood, William Beauchamp, Charles Tanquary, Wm. Gilkinson, Jonathan Hickey, James Wright, C. W. Williamson, Robert Ficklin, O. B. Ochletree, John Recl, Henry R. Besley, James Bigley, William Dodds, Joseph M. Goddy, John Garner, James Golden, William Hoyt, Jonathan S. MeMullen, James Miller, Barton S. Smith, John O. Turner, Abner Utter, John Vanderhoff, Philip Wear, Thomas Wear, Harvey Hawkins, Tilford Wheeler, Fortney, Richard 8 40} THE WAR FOR THE UNION. This conflict was inaugurated April 12 1861, by the storming and reduction of Fort Sumter, December 20th, 1860. South Carolina had passed an ordinance severing her connection with the Union. She was followed in her example successively by Mississippi, Florida, Ala- bama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas, prior to the es- tablishment of any form of government. February 4th, 1861, one month prior to the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln, delegates from six of these states met in convention at Montgomery, Alabama, and formed the “Confederate States of America,” and established their place of meet- ing as the seat of the new government. On the 8th of the same month, Jefferson Davis was chosen president, and Alexander H. Stephens vice-president. The seat of government was afterward removed to Richmond, Vir- ginia, after the secession of that State. This course of conduct, on the part of these states, and those that follow- ed them in the act of rebellion, was brought about by sectional interests, of which the institution of slavery was, directly or indirectly, the cause. Two methods of inter- preting the constitution of the United States originated between the statesmen of the North and those of the South; the former holding that the Union was inviolable and that the federal government was supreme, the latter, that each individual state was supreme, and had a right to withdraw, by virtue of its sovereign power, from what they deemed a mere federal compact. The anti-slavery principles of Mr. Lincoln and the party that elevated him to power, were well known, al- though he had openly declared against the right of the government, and his own intention, of interfering with the institution of slavery, where it already existed. His election to the presidency, however, was construed by the cotton-states as a blow at that institution. Seldom in a nation’s history has any one been placed under circum- stances so trying as those attending Mr. Lincoln’s in- auguration, although he fondly hoped, until the first shot fell on Sumter, for a settlement of difficulties with- out resort to arms. The South had been emboldened and encouraged in rebellion by the reticence and inac- tivity of President Buchanan. The treasury was empty, the forts and arsenals were in possession of the enemy, and they had shot back at the Union, after having left it. This condition of things and this course of conduct inspired all patriotic hearts, and citizens of every class— the farmer, the mechanic, the student, the- professional man, renounced all distinction of education, fortune or birth, and walked in the common ranks of patriotism, in defense of our insulted flag. The first blood of the war was spilled in Baltimore, while the Massachusetts regiment of volunteers was passing through that city, three of its members falling dead at the hands of the mob. The first regular battle was that of Bull’s Run, June 21st, 1861. The last en- gagement took place at Boro Chico, May 12th, 1865, two days after the capture of Jefferson Davis, at Irwinsville, South Carolina, by General Wilson’s cavalry. The first naval battle of importance was the action between the Confederate batteries at Charleston, South Carolina, and the steamboat, Star of the West, when the latter was driven out to sea, January 9th, 1861; the last was that between Porter's fleet and the batteries, at Fort Fisher, North Carolina, January 13th, 1865. April 9th, of this year, General Grant and Lee met at Appomattox Court- House, Virginia, and arranged the terms of the latter's surrender, which subsequently followed. The surrender of General Johnston to General Sherman took place at Raleigh, North Carolina, April 25th, 1865. Then closed the most sanguinary and at the same time the most glorious conflict that the historian has ever been called upon to record. The sentiment of patriotism never before so strong in any people, was shared by the citizens of Edwards, Lawrence and Wabash counties, and readily did they leave their occupations and pleasant homes for the hardships, privations and dangers of the battle field. The names of these patriotic men appear below under the heads of the commanders to which they respectively belonged. Lawrence county deserves special mention, as having tendered the first company in the state to Gov. Yates, 142 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. under President Lincoln’s first call for 75,000, three months’ men. This tender wasmade by Maj. Daniel L. Gold, now of Washington, D. C., on Sunday, April 17th, 1861, at 10 P. M., from Vincennes, while the proc- lamation was yet passing over the wires. 7th Infantry. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY E, Recruits—Baltzell, Henry H. (Lawrence County), vet., M. O. July 9, 1865. Mushrush, Eli (Lawrence County), vet., M. O. July 9, 1865. 8th Infantry.—Three years’ service. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY D. Drafted and Substitute Recruit—Bains, Charles W. (Lawrence County), mus- tered out Sept. 26, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. Drafted and Substitute Recruits. Harmon, Andrew (Lawrence County), mustered out Oct. 6, 1865. Ramsey, William (Lawrence County), mustered out Oct. 6, 1865. Wolf, Henry M. (Lawrence County), mustered out Oct. 6, 1865. Ninth Infantry.—Three years’ service. The Ninth, in which Lawrence county was represent- ed as the accompanying Roster will show, was one of the six regiments, organized at Springfield for three months service. It was mustered into the United States service for three years, July 26th, 1861, about five hundred three months’ men having re-enlisted. After a number of expeditions, marches and small engagements, on th2 12th day of February, 1862, eight companies entered the fight at Fort Donelson, sustaining a loss of thirty-five, killed and one hundred and sixty-six, wounded and six prisoners. At Shiloh April 6th and 7th, it lost sixty- one, killed, two hundred and eighty-seven wounded, and two prisoners. Out of twenty-six officers, twenty-one were killed or wounded. At Corinth October 3d and 4th, it lost nineteen men killed, eighty-two wounded and fifty-two prisoners. During its entire term of service, it participated in one hundred and ten battles and skirmishes. It was mustered out of service at Louisville, Ky., July 9th, 1865, and arrived at Camp Butler July 12th, for final payment and discharge MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY ©, Musician—Edward Stephen (Lawrence County), mustered out Aug. 20, 1864, Privates—Aderhals, Godfrey (Lawrence Gounty), died Nov. 18, 1861, Bruening, William (Lawrence County), died Oct. 1, 1861, Erbar, George (Lawrence County), mustered out Aug. 20, 1804, Fray, John A. (Lawrence County). Herbig, William (Lawrence County), mustered out Ang. 20, 1864, Hugenburg, Frederick (Lawrence Co.), died Oct, 12, 62; wounds. Jacob, Christian (Lawrence County), mustered out Aug. 20, 1804. Klingenburg, William (Lawrence Co.), killed at Shiloh Apr. 6, '62. Lehr, George (Lawrence County), killed at Shiloh April 6, 1862. Lippert, Frederick (Lawrence Co.), killed at Shiloh April 6, 1862. Mueller, John (Lawrence County), Miller, William (Lawrence County), Nadler, Andreas (Lawrence County). Randall, Stephen (Lawrence County), died Aug. 6, 1862. Randwl, Jacob (Lawrence County). Richter, Henry (Lawrence County), killed at Shiloh April 6, 1862. Roehrwiem, William (Lawrence County), M. O. Aug. 20, 1864. Schenck, Charles (Lawrence County), M. O. Aug. 20, 1864. Spohule, John (Lawrence County). Tungeman, John (Lawrence County), killed at Corinth Apr. 6, '62. 16th Regiment Infantry. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. Recruits—Daniels, James (Lawrence County), disch. July 2,65; disability. Ross, John (Lawrence County). White, Thomas B. (Lawrence County); was prisoner; mustered out Aug. 10, 1865, as sergeant. White, James A. (Lawrence County); was prisoner ; mustered agPout Aug. 19, 1865, as corporal. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY K. Privates—Irving, Corban W. (Lawrence County), mustered out Aug. 19,1865 Parrott, John L. (Lawrence County), disch. Aug. 7, 65; disability. Eighteenth Infantry.—Three Years’ Service. This Regiment was organized under the Ten Regiment Act, at Anna, Illinois, and mustered into the State Service, for thirty days, by Captain U.S. Grant, May 16,1861. May 28, 1861, it was mustered into the United States Service, by Captain T. G. Pitcher. Was engaged in the three days’ battle, at Fort Donelson, with a loss of fifty men killed and one hundred and fifty wounded. Took part in the engagement of Shiloh, April 6th & 7th, los ng ten killed and sixty-five wounded. Companies H. and C. were so reduced in numbers after the battles, that they were consolidated with the re- mainder of the regiment. During the Shiloh battle was in General Ozglesby’s brigade. In the fall of 1862, two new companies were raised at Carbondale. Company K was transferred to the Mississippi Marine Brigade, per special order, ‘No. 69, War Department, February 11, 1863.’ The regiment was mustered out, December 16, 18::5, at Little Rock, Ark. and on the 31st received final payment and discharge, at Camp Butler, Illinois. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY G. Privates—Evans, William (Edwards Co.), mur. by R. Dickerman Sep. 30, ’61. Filkey, William A. (Wabash County). Loten, Joseph (Edwards County), discharged Jan. 21, 1863. Litherland, Samuel (Wabash County), vet., promoted Quarter- master-sergeant on consolidation ; mustered out Dec, 16, 1865. Pickering, George (Wabash Co.), klld. at Ft. Donelson Feb. 15, ’62. Stevenson, A. J. (Wabash County), sergt.-vet , M. O. Dec. 16, 1865. Woodrup, John (Edwards County), trans. to V. R. C. Oct. 9, 1863. Veterans—Brinn, John O, (Wabash County), mustered out Aug. 23, 1865. Rice, Andrew J. )Wabash County), mustered out Dec. 16, 1865, Recruit—Hockey, William (Edwards County). 18th Infantry Reorganized.—Three years’ service. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY ¢. Private—Laird, Samuel (Wabash County), mustered out Oct. 24, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY K. Privates—-Biggorstaff, Wesley (Edwards County), mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. Golden, James (Edwards County). Hawthorne James E. (Edwards County), mustered out Dee. 16, ’65. Hays, Arthur M. (Edwards County), mustered out Dee. 16, 1865. Harkrider, John (Edwards County), mustered out Dec. 16, 1855. Lechner, William C, (Edwards County), mustered out Dec. 16, 65. Little, James M. (Edwards County), mustered ou Dec. 16, 1865. Loyd, James D, (Edwards County), mustered out Dec. 16, 1865. Land, John A. (Edwards Co.), died at Little Rock, Ark., July 29,'65. Milspaugh, Daniel (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Maberry, Emanuel (Edwards County), mustered out Dec. 16, 1885. 19th Infantry. Unassigned Recruits. Dailey, William Sullivan, Patrick Murphy, James Ryan, Martin HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 143 20th Infantry. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY B. Drafted and Substitute Recruiuts—Casty, Chauncy (Wabash Co.), M. O, Jun. 7, ’65. Greathouse, Irvin (Wabash County). 21st Infantry. First Assistant-Surgeon—Carl Muns (Wabash Co.), reported dead Feb. 16, 1862. Twenty-Sixth Infantry.— Three years’ service. This regiment in which the counties of Edwargg, Law- rence and Wabash are well represented, was mustered into United States service with seven cumpanies, at Camp Butler, Illinois, August 31st, 1861, and not hav- ing been armed, at first did guard duty at Quincy with hickory clubs. During the fall armed with old English Tower muskets, it was detailed to guard the Hannibal and St. Joe railroad. Three more companies complet- ing the organization, were raised prior to January Ist, 1862. February 19th, 1862, left Hannibal, Missouri, for the South, stopping at Corinth, where the regiment was assigned to Brigadier General J. B. Plummer’s Brigade, Brigadier General Hamilton’s Division, Major General Pope’s Corps. After an active service of more than two years, four hundred and sixty-three, out of five hundred and fifteen men present for duty, re-enlisted as veteran volunteers, January Ist, 1864. During its four years of service, the regiment marched six thousand nine hundred and thirty-one miles, and fought twenty-eight hard battles, besides many skirmishes. It was permitted by order of the comminliag general to place upon its banners, “New Madrid,” “ Island No. 10,” “ Farming- ton,” Siege of Corinth,’ ‘‘Tuka,” “Corinth 3d and 4th October, 1862,” “ Holly Springs,” “‘ Vicksburg,” “ Jack- son, Miss.,” “ Mission Ridge,” “ Resaca,”’ “ Kenesaw,”’ “ Ezra Church,” “ Atlanta,” “Jonesboro,” “ Griswold- ville,” “ McAlister,” “Savannah,” “Columbia,” “ Ben- tonville.” The regiment was mustered out of service, July 20th, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky, and finally paid and discharged, July 28th, at Springfield, Illinois. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Hospital Steward—Albert Rude, mustered out July 20, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY G, First Lieutenant—Charles A. Abbott (Edwards County), M. O. July 20, 1865. Sergeants—Charles 8. Perkins, vet., wounded ; disch. Sept. 19,°54; disab’ty James M. Thrash, wounded; discharged Aug. 26, 1862 as Ist sergeant; disability. Corporals—Ishmael Fortney (Edwards County), wounded ; discharged Oct. 4, 1862; disability. Ppa William S. Taite (kdwards County). disch. Jan. 23; disability. George W. Taylor (Edwards County), wounded at Corinth; killed at Resaca May 13, 1864. Thomas Light (Edwards Co.), killed at Dallas, Ga., May 30, 1864, Privates—Busket, Reiner (Edwards. County), vet., died at Scottsboro, Ala., Mar. '3, 1864. Bones, Thomas (Edwards County), wounded at Resaca; dis- charged Oct. 9, 1864, as sergeant; disability. . Campbell, Samuel (Edwards County), wounded ; discharged Oct. 13, 1852; disability. - : Compton, Levi M. (Edwards County), corporal, discharged Aug. 14, 1864; term expired. : Degan, John (Edwards Co.), died at Pt. Pleasant Mar. 28, 1862. Hazleton, Anderson (Edwards County), killed at Mission Ridge Nov. 26, 1863. Hoovers, William (Edwards Co.), vet., mustered out July 20, 1865. Hennegan, Jolin (Edwards County), vet., corporal, killed at At- lanta Aug. 30, 1864, Ham, Enoch (Edwards County). _ Hedge, Franklin (Edwards Co.), disch. ne 14,1864; term expd. Mays, James D. (Edwards Co.), vet., M. O. July 20, '64, as corporal, Recruits—Barnett, Lewis (Edwards Co.), died at Hannibal, Mo., Jan. 28, *62. Glover, Richards (Edwards County), mustered out July 20, 1865. Taylor, Harrison F. (Edwards County), mustered out July 20, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H, Second Lieutenant—Philip J. Spring (Lawrence Co.), M.O.as serg. July 10,65. Privates—Bonner, Joseph M. (Lawrence Co.), disch, Sept. 9, 1862; disability. Cantwell, Benton (Wabash County), vet., mustered out July 20, 65, Degintawny, Antonio (Wabash Co.), vet., mustered our July 20, 63. Hocking, Warren (Edwards Co.), vet., mustered out July 20, 1865. Hocking, William H. (Edwards County), disch. Mar. 3, 63; disab. Hedge, William (Lawrence County), vet., transferred to Co. G; mustered out July 20, 1865. Miner, George 8. (Edwards County), vet., corporal, died at home March 27, 1864, Spring, Philip (Lawrence Co.), vet., M. O. July 20, 1865, as Ist serg. Reeruits—Benson, Josenh C. (Edwards County), died at Savannah, Ga., Dee, 20, 1864. Blair, James (Lawrence County), killed at Colliersville, Tenn., May 20, 1863. Collison, James M. (Lawrence Co.), vet., M. O. July 20,65, as corp. Clark, George (Lawrence County), trans, to V.R.C. Sept. 7, 1852. Dean, John (Lawrence Co.), discharged Oct. 18, 1862; disability. Gould, Vietor (Lawrence Co.), vet., M. O. July 20, 1865, as corporal. Ghere, Jacob K. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Aug. 4, 1562; disability. Hershey, John K. (Lawrence County), vet, M. O. July 20, 1865. Hockins, Frank (Edwards County), mustered out July 20, 1865. Hocking, Francis M. (Edwards County) mustered out July 20, ’65. Irwin, Sumuel I. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Oct. 2, 1862; disability. Kreuger, Lewis (Wabash County), mustered out July 20, 1865. Shurtletf, Hereanus (Edwards County), died at St. Louis, Mo., April 28, 1862. Smith, William F. (Lawrence County), wounded; discharged Oct. 2, 1862; disability. 29th Infantry.—Three years’ service. Quartermaster— Ebenezer Z, Ryan (Lawrence County), resigned Mar. 4, 1862- 30th Infantry.—Three years’ service. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY B. Privates—Adwell, John (Wabash County), vet., discharged July 22, 1864, as corporal; wounds. Fisher. John B. (Wabash County), died at Cairo Dec. 13, 1861. Greening, James (Wabash Co.), vet., M. O. July 17, 1865, as sergt. Kenny, Lorenzo (Wabash County). Lyons, Myron D. (Wabash County), discharged April 7, 1862. Landers, James P. (Wabash Co.), vet., mustered out July 17, 1865. McKee, William D, (Wabash County). discharged April 14, 1862. Martin, Arthur (Wabash County), disch. Sept., 1864; term expired. Retherford, Martin V. (Wabash County), vet., M. O. July 17, 1865. Ray, George W. (Wala-h Co.), vet., M. U. July 17, 1865, as corporal. Smith, George P. (Wabash County). Tungate, William (Wabash County), discharged Oct. 14, 1862. Taylor, George (Wares Co.), ver., M. O. July 17, 1865, as corporal. Veach, Samuel (Wabash County), vet., mustered out July 17, 1865. Veach, James F. (eae County). Vermillion, Charles W. (Wabash County), vet., died at Nashville Oct. 15, 1864, Workman, Samuel M. (Wabash Co.), died at Cairo Feb. 10, 1852. Wycoff, John M. (Wabash County), discharged April 14, 1862. Recruits—Colborn, Francis L. (Wabash Co.), trans. to V. R.C April 27, 1864. Epler, Herman G. (Wabash County), discharged April 14, 1862. Lueas, Edward W. (Wabash County), vet. Stratton, Joseph C. (Wabash Co), diseh. Dee. 31, 1864; term exprd, Swink, H. William (Wabash Co.), died at Vicksburg Sapt 6, 1863. Thirty-Second Infantry.—Three years’ service. The thirty-second Illinois Infantry, was organized at Camp Butler, by Col. John Logan, and was mustered into the United States service, December 31st, 1861. It bore a distinguished part in the battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, 1862, losing forty men killed and two hundred wounded. Was engaged in the advance on Corinth, and in the battle, as a re-enforcement to Gen. Rosecrans, October 4th. Next day did good service at Matamora, losing seven killed, and twenty-nine wounded. On the 8th, surprised and captured over a hundred rebel cavalry, at Lamar. From this time forward, saw no service beyond numerous marches, till June, when it participated in the siege of Vicksburg, July 5th, march- ed with General Sherman’s army toward Jackson, experiencing its most trying march, being tired and worn out during the siege. Early in September, captur- ed nine piecesof artillery at Harrisonburg, La. Novem. ber 24th, landed at Vicksburg. December 22d, the brigade advanced to Fayette, driving the enemy before it. January 23, 1864, returned to Vicksburg, where the regiment was mustered as a veteran organization, February 3d, started on the Meridian expedition, marching three hundred miles, In June, engaged in the siege of Kenesaw Mountuin, occupying a most ex posed position in the advance and July Sth, in the assault on Nickajack creek, was the first to plant its colors on the 144 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. enemy’s works. duly 18th, the regiment was transfered to the Second Brigade, Colonel Logan commanding, and sent to Marietta to guard the depot of supplies at that place. September 8th, forty-one out of a foraging party of fifty men were captured by the enemy, after a spirited resistance. October 3d, near Kenesaw Mountain, was attacked by the enemy in strong force, and suffered a loss of twelve men killed. Participated in Sherman’s March to the Sea, and in the siege of Savannah, lost Captain E. C. Lawson, and four men wounded. February 3d, 1865, waded the ice-cold waters of the Salkahatchie, for a distance of two miles, and after a half hour’s skirmishing on the opposite bank, compelled the enemy to evacuate their line of defense. March 21st was engag- ed in the skirmishing line at Bentonville, N. C., losing heavily. September 16th, mustered out of service at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and ordered to Camp Butler, Illinois, for tinal payment and discharge. The regiment traveled, while in the United States service, about eleven thousand miles. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY I. Second Lieutenants— William Ulm (Wabash County), resigned Sept 3, 1862. Hiram R. Wolgamot (Wabash Co.), M. O. Sept. 16, 1865, Corporals—David M. Cawser (Wabash County), vet., M. O. Sept. 16, 1865. Robert H. M’Neil (Wabash County), Musician —George Biedlaman (Wabash Co.), pro. Lieut. in 6th Miss. colored. Wagoner—Joseph Drenon )Wabash County). Privates—Albertz, Albertius (Wabash Al died at St. Louis May 20, 62. Compton, Thomas (Wabash Co.), killed at Shiloh April 6, 1862. Crackel, James (Wabash Co ), disch. ee 28. 1862; disability. Crane, Anthony W. (Wabash Co.), M. O. Dee. 31, 1865; term expd. Diselms, Washington (Wabash County), died at Bolivar, Tenn, Oct. 14, 1862; wounds. Fuller, Samuel (Wabash County), vet., mustered out May 27, 1865. Gold, Thomas (Wabash County), trans. to V. R. C. Sept. 15, 1863. Jordan, John (Wabash County). Krisher, John (Wabash County), vet., died at Andersonville prison June lv, 1864; No, of grave, 1809. Ketchum, Philander (Wabash Co.), disch. Oct. 14, 1863; wounds. MeNair, Alfred (Wabash Co.), M. O. Dec. 31, 1864; term expired. Peters, Samuel L. (Wabash County), vet , mustered out Aug. 8, ’65. Peakers, William (Wabash County), died Aug. 3, 1863. Poul, Horace (Wabash County), M. O. Dec. 31, 1864; term expired. Rulsford, Thomas (Wabash County), disch. April 6, 1863; wounds. Sumens, William (Wabash Co.), disch. Aug. 18, 1863; disability. Sanford, Daniel (Wabash County), disch. April 6, 1463; disability. Wood, Nelson (Wabash County), disch. Nov. 22, 1862; disability. Reernit—Preston, Samuel (Wabash County), mustered out June 3, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY K. Privates—Gains, Jacob (Lawrence County), disch. June 28, 1862; disability. Harris, James (Lawrence County), trans. to V. R. C. Sept. 18, 63. Waggoner, John L. (Lawronce County), vet., M. O. Sept. 16, 1865. Wilson, James B. (Lawrence County), vet., M. O. Sept. 16, 1865. Recruits—Bavhe, Arthur (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 16, 1864. Heath, Robert (Lawrence County). . Jones, John D. (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 16, 1865. Law, Charles D. (Lawrence County), died at Washington, D. C., Mar. 17, 1868. McNeece, George W. (Lawrence Co.), mustcred out Sept. 16, 1865. Mullins, James K, (Lawrence County). Smith, Jonathan (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 16, 1865. Thirty-Sixth Infantry.—Three Years’ Service. This regiment was organized at Aurora, Illinois, in September, 1861, by Colonel Nicholas Grensel, and mustered into the United States service by Captain A. G. Brackett, U.S. A., September 238, 1861. It partici- pated in the following engagements: Boonville, Ark., March 6, 1861; Leetown, March 7, and Pea Ridge, March 8, 1861; Perryville, losing seventy-five men in killed and wounded; Stone River, from December 26, 1862, till January 2, 1863, coming out of the battle with only 200 men; Chickamauga, September 20 and 21, 1863; Gordon's Mills, September 20, 1863. The regi- ment was mustered out of service October 8, 1865, at New Orleans, and arrived at Camp Butler, Illinois, October 17, for final payment and discharge. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY C. Captain—James B. McNeal, died of wounds Sept. 3, 1864. First Lieutenants—John M. Turnbull, resigned Nov. 4, 1864. John A. Porter, mustered out Oct. 8, 1865. Second Lieutenant—William A. Mitchell, mustered out as sergt. Oct. 8, 1865. Sergeant—Scott Brownlee, disch. Sept. 23, 1864, as private; term expired. Corporal—David B. Brownlee, private, died at R Ia, Mo., Nov. 24, 1861. Musicians—James L. Dryden, mustered out Oct. 24, 1864; wounded. Joseph F, Young, discharged Sept. 23, 1864; term expired. len, William S., corporal, killed at Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1863. mgles, Valentine, died at Cassville, Mo., April 19, 1862. Arthurs, Joseph W., vet. Arthurs, William T, killed at Stone River Dee. 31, 1862. Azdel, William C., discharged Aug. 28, 1862; disability. Armstrong, James, discharged Aug: 10, 1862; disability. Bailes, Charles B.. discharged Sept. 23, 1864; term expired. Baird, Nathaniel T., discharged Dec, 3, 1862; disability. Barton, Thomas G., discharged July 31, 1862; disability. Carson, Isaac, vet., mustered out Oct. 8, 1865, as corporal. Criswell, William P., yet., mustered out Oct. 8, 1865, as corporal. Constant, Enos, mustered out Jan. 24, 1865. Dowell, George, discharged Sept. 24, 1864; term expired. Donnell, George, vet., disch. June 2, 1865, as corporal; wounded. Davis, James, vet., killed at Adairsville, Ga., May L7, 1864. Eckelson, Albert, discharged Sept. 23, 1864; term expired. Elder, James, killed at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Edgar, John B, discharged Aug. 19, 1863; disability. Fisher, William, corporal, died at Nashville Sept. 1, 1863. Godfrey, Richard,,died at Springfield, Mo., May 16, 1862. Gibson, William M., discharged April 14, 1862; wounds. Harper, Hugh W., transferred to Vet. Reserve Corps. Hayes, Orlando, mustered out June 2, 1865; prisoner of war. Haitzell, William, discharged Sept. 23, 1864; term expired. Henderson. John F., died Oct. 10, 1462; wounds. Henderson, Huston, vet., mustered out Oct. 8, 1865, as sergeant. Kintzey, Warren, vet., mustered out Oct. 8, 1865, as corporal. Tage ts Thomas, transferred to V. R. C. Lord, Henry H., vet., mustered out Oct. 8, 1865. McCoy, John W., mustered out Oct. 6, 1864, as sergeant. McClanahan, Frank, transterred to V. R. C. McPherrin, James C., transferred to Marine Brigade at St. Louis. eer? Joseph. MeMullen, John K., dischargod Sept. 25, 1863 ; disability. Mitchell, William A., vet., mustered out Oct. &, 1865, as 1st sergt. Moss, Jacob W., vet., killed at Adairsville. Munson, Ezra E., discharged Sept. 23, 1864; term expired.] Nelson, George, died at Rienzi, Miss., June 23, 1864. Nichols, George W., discharged Sv pt. 23, 1864; term expired. Paxton, Samuel, vet., mustered out Oct. 8, 1855, as sergeant. Patterson, William, died at Chattanooga Jan. 5, 1864. Ralston, James, vet., died at Louisville, Ky., Aug. 24, 1864. Shearer, William, died at Rolla, Mo., Dec. 1, 1861. Shearer, Hugh, died at Rolla, Mo., Dec. 10, 1861. Scholts, Ezra, died Dec. 1, 1863; wounds. Stewart, Abraham, discharged Sept. 23, 1864: term expired. Stewart, Isaac, mustered out Sept. 20; term expired. Thompson, George W., mustered out Mar. 15, 1865; prisr. of war. Wagstaff, Henry, died at Rolla, Mo., Nov. 14, 18u4; wounds. Wimmer, Ezekiel, vet. Wright, 8. Gamble, discharged May 19, 1863; disability. Recruits—Baird, Thomas F., discharged June 2, 1862; disability. Kitchen, John W., mustered out Oct. 8, 1865. Drafted aad Substitute Recruzt-Evans, Robert T., sub., died at Louisville Mar. 1, 1865. Privat Thirty-Eighth Infantry.—Three Years’ Service. The Thirty-Eighth was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, in September, 1861, by Colonel William P. Carlin. October 21, it was engaged at Fredericktown against the enemy under Jeff. Thompson. March 3, 1862, it became a part of the division of southeast Missouri under General F. Steele. In ten days it com- pleted a march of 220 miles to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, May, 1862. It took partin the following actions and skirmishes: Perryville, October 8, 1862, capturing an ammunition train, two caissons, and about 100 prisoners ; Knob Gap capturing two guns, and losing three men killed and eight wounded ; Stone River, December 30, 1862, to January 4, 1863, losing 54 killed, 109 wounded, and 34 missing ; Liberty Gap, June 24, 25, 26; Chicka- mauga, September 19, losing 180 men. February 29, 1864, re-enlisted, and was mustered March 16, 1864. It participated at Pine Top, and at Kenesaw Mountain. September 1, 1864, engaged in the battle of Jonesboro, From that time forward it was engaged in various skirmishes, marches and guard duties, till it was mustered out of service, and ordered to Springfield, Illinois, for final payment and discharge. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 145 4 Colonel—Edward Colyer (Edwards Co.), M. O. as Lieut. Col. March 20, 1866. Quartermaster—William Ferrman (Edwards Couuty), M. 0. Sept. 14, 64; term expired. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Commissary Sergeant—James Scott Stone (Edwards Co.), M. O. March 20, '66. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY Cy Captain—John O'Meara (Edwards County), M. O. March 20, 1866. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. Captains—Charles Churchill (Edwards Co.), term expired Sept. 15, 1865. 4 _ Lee Woods (Edwards Co.), M. O. March 20, 1866. First Lieutenant—Joseph Green (Edwards County), M. O. March 20, 1866. First Sergeant—Oliver Simpson (Edwards County), discharged Nov. 16, ’61 to accept a promotion in 18 U. 8. Infantry. Sergeants—Charles Cole (Edwards County). és James Pettigrew (Edwards Co.), disch. Sept. 15, 1865 as Ist sergt, John Henderson (Edwards Co.), disch. May 16, 1864; wounds. Morris Harris (Edwards County), M. O. Sept. 30, 1864, Corporals—Arbuer, E. Hall (Edwards Co.), disch. June 27, 1863; disability. Lucius Harris (Edwards Co.), Ist Sergt., disch. April 7,62; dis. William P. Richmond (Edwards County), died at Pilot Knob, Mo., Nov. 19, 1861. Andrew J. Jett (Edwards Co,), died Sept. 15, 1864, as sergeant. Wright, Bunting (Edwards Co), died July 28, 1863; wounds. Bee kes Sharon (Edwards County), died at Murfreesboro, vune 13, *64, Joseph West (Edwards County), vet., mustered out Mar. 20, 66 Musician—James Murry (Edwards County), killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, °63. Privates—Allen, Thomas (Edwards County), vet., M. O. March 20, 1866. ae (Edwards County), died at Pilot Knob, Mo., Nov. 24, 1861. Batson, William (Edwards County), M. 0. Mar. 20, 1866. Butcher, William (Edwards Co.), died at Albion, Ill., Dec. 18, 61. Curtis, George (Edwards County), M. O. Sept. 15, 1864. Carter, William (Edwards County), absent paroled pris at M. 0. of regiment. Co ean James H, (Edwards County), vet., disch. Jan. 28, '66; isability. Curtis, Jarvis (Edwards County), disch. April 7, 1862. Curtis, Nathan (Edwards Co.), died at Murfreesboro, Mar. 19, 63. Chism, Richard (Edwards County), vet., M. VU. Mar. 20, '66 as corporal; wounds. Cannon, Boggs eas County), M. O. Sept. 15, 1864. Clark, John J. (Edwards County), vet. Dixon, Joseph ars County), disch. Jan. 7, 1864; disability. Ewing, Aaron (Edwards Co.), Missing in action at Stone River. Edgar, John (Edwards Co.), died at Pocahontas, Ark., Apr. 10, ’62. Ellis, Joseph (Edwards Co.), M. 0. Sept. 24, 64; wounded and Hess Franklin, William (Edwards Co.), disch. Apr. 14, 62; disability. Gill, John (Edwards County), died at Hamburg, T., June 9, 1862. Gray, William (Edwards County), corporal; died Dec. 5, 18u3. Garman, Henry (Edwards Co.), killed at Stone River Dec. 31, 63. Horton, Richard (Edwards Co ), disch. Aug. 8, 1862; disability. Harper, John (Edwards County), March 6, 1863; wounds. Harper, George (Edwards come vet. M. O. March 20), 1866. Harper, Joseph (Edwards County), trans. to V. R. C. Feb. 6, 1863. Hedge, Thomas (Edwards Co ), killed at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 6, ’64. Hall, Charles (Edwards County), disch. Feb. 20, 1863. Hardy, Thomas (Edwards Co.), died at Nashville Dec. 26, 1863. Kelsey, John A. (Edwards County), vet. Lambert, Jackson J. (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. McKibben, Dudley (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. McKibben, Peter 8. (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 15, 1864, McKibben, Luther E. (Edwards County), disch. Dec. 10, 1861; disability. McKibben, Alfred (Edwards Co.), disch. May 27, 1863; wounds. Michels, George W. (Edwards County), died Danville Feb. 14, 64; prisoner war. Pickford, Charles (Edwards County), died Jan. 17, 1863; wounds. Powell, Curran (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. Smith, Thomas (Edwards County), mustered out Aug. 22, 1864, Rudolph, Charles (Edwards County), disch. Noy. 21, 61; disab. Smith, Charles, Sr. (Edwards County), vet. M. O. March 20, 1866. Smith, Charles, Jr. (Edwards County), vet. M. O. March 20, 1866. Smith, George (Edwards Co.), disch. Aug. 14, 1853; disability. Shunk,Henry (Edwards Co.), died at Murfreesbo., T., May 19, '63. Stanley, Bee a Co.), died at Ironton, Mo., Feb. 24, ’62. Stillwell, John (Edwards County), died at Andersonville; No. of grave, 1640. Stinnett, Jacob (Edwards Co.), died at Nashville Dec. 31, 1862. Snowdall, Joseph (Edwards Co.), vet., M. O. March 20, 1886. Stone, James Seott (Edwards Co.), vet., Pro. Q. M. Sergeant; M. O. March 20, 1866. Westfall, Jackson (Edwards County), vet., drowned Cumberland River, April 14, 1864. : ; Walker, William (Edwards County), discharged April 14, 1862. Young, Michael (Edwards County), M. O. Sept. 15,1854. Recruts—Adamson, Wm. G. (Edwards Co.), disch. Feb. 20, 1862; disability. ‘Adamson, Moses (Edwards Co.) trans. to V. R. C. May 1, 1864. Birkett, Francis, (Edwards ny disch. Feb. 20, 1862: disability. Brown, John (Edwards County), discharged for disability. Baker, William (Edwards Co.), vet., M.O. Mar. 20,’66, as cerporal Brown, Franklin (Edwards County), vet., M. O. Mar. 20, 1866. Dukes, Henry (Edwards Co.), disch. Nov. 21, 1861; disability. Elliott, James (Edwards County), vet., M. O. March 20, 1866. Fawkes, Franklin H. (Edwards County), M. O. March 20, 1866. Fawkes, Thomas (Edwards Oo.), disch. Feb. 16, 1862; disability. Green, Thomas (Edwards Co.), vet., M. O. March 20, 1866. ‘Harper, William (Edwards Caney M. O. March 20, 1866. Ham, Thomas J. (Edwards County),-disch. Dec. 12, 1864. Hederick, Wm. W. (Edwards Co.), vet.. M. O. Mar. 20, ’66, as Ist serg. Martin, charted (Edwards Co.), died at Nashville, Oct. 8,62; w'nds. McKibben, Henry (Edwards County). M. O. Sept. 20, 1864. McKibben, Jonathan (Edwards County), M. O. Sept. 21, 1864. — Mills, Henry J. (Edwards County), disch. Oct. 26, 1861; disability. Medler, Henry (Edwards County), Died at Andersonville prison, Aug. 3, 1864. No. of Grave, 4,648. ‘ MeVoy, or MeVaughn, Nathan (Edwards Co.), died at Ooltewah, Ten., May 12, 1864. Posey, Samuel (Edwards County), M. O. Sept. 21. 1864. Robinson, John (&dwards County), absent sick at M. O. of Reg’t. Reinus, Edgar (Edwards County), vet., M. O. March 20, 1866. Scofield, William (Edwards County), M. O. March 20, 1866. Snidle, John (Edwards County), M. O. March 12, 1864, as corporal. Scofield, Edward (Edwards County), vet., M. O. March 20, 1866, Shilling, George (Mdwards County), M. O. March 20, 1866, Sentence, Joseph (Edwards Co.), died in prison at Danville, Ga., March 8, 1864. Thompson, William R. (Edwards Co.), died Nov. 21, 18:1; disabil. Tucker, William A. D. (Edwards County), M. O. March 20, 1866. Utley, Monteville W. Zo dwards County), disch. Oct. 25, °62; disab. Vandevender, John (Edwards County), M. O. Jan. 2, 1866. West, Robert (Edwards County), disch. Jan. 17, 1862; disability. Drafted and Substitute Recruits—Baker, Thomas, sub. Flaningan, Patrick, sub. Mengenson, Aug., sub., M. O. Jan.28, 1866. Neiman, Gerhard (Edwards County), M. O. Jan. 4, 1866. Palmer, Jeremiah M., (Edwards County), sub., M. C. Jan. 21, 1866. Savage, James (Edwards County), sub. Winfield, Stephen (Edwards County), sub. Fortieth Infantry.—Three Years’ Service. Was organized by Stephen G. Hicks, of Salem, Illinois, and had in its ranks a number of representatives from Edwards and Wabash counties. At the time of its muster into service, August 10, 1361, it numbered seven hundred men. It was brigated with the 23d Indiana, 8th Missouri, and the 9th Illinois, under command of Col. W. H. L. Wallace. It fought at Pittsburg Land- ing, April 6, 1862; Holly Spring, July, 1862; Mission- ary Ridge, October 1863. Having completed its three years term of service, it re-listed January 1, 1864. It participated in the battles of the Atlanta campaign, and was also with Sherman in his march to the sea. It was mustered out of service at Louisville, July 24, 1865, and on the 28th, at Springfield, received final payment and discharge. Surgeons—William Graham (Wabash County), mustered out July 24, 1865. first Assistant-Surgeon—William E. Turner (Wabash Co.), M. O. July 24, 65. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Hospital Steward—William P. Harvey (Lawrence Co.), M. O. Julv 24, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY E. Sergeant—Samuel T. Ulm (Wabash Co.), trans. to Ist West Tenn Inft. Jan. 8, 1864, Privates—McGregor, Thomas (Wabash Co.), disch. Aug., 1864, term expired. Risley, James (Wabash Co.), trans. to lst West Tenn. Infty., Jan. 64. Stanley, Thomas (Edwards County). Stanley, Francis (Edwards County). Ree? uits—Baird, James (Wabash Co.), disch. Oct. 3, 1864; term expired, Bargh, Joseph (Wabash Eo Thrasher, John C. (Wabash Co.), disch. Sept. 4, 1863; disability; from Company D. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. Captains—Abraham L. Hammaker (Wabash Co.), resigned March 14, 1863. Samuel B. Lingenfelter (Wabash Co.), term expired Dee. 28, 64. Frank, Havill Wabash Co.), detached; mustered out of Regt. First Sn GED Ee D. Humphries (Wabash Co.), died of wouuds ay 2, 1862. Watson M. Bunton (Edwards Co.), resigned Mch. 10, ’64. John F. ya ay eanarde a M. O. July 24, 1865. Second Lieutenants—Henry Crackel (Wabash Co.), died. Isaac Ingersoll (Wabash Co.), resigned Jan. 8, 1863. Corporals—Samuel Wells (Wabash County). M. Wilman (Wabash oo} trans. to Sig. Corps October 1, 1863. T. D. Keen (Wabash Co.), veteran. 2 Joseph King (Edwards Co:), disch. Feb. 16, 1863; disability. J. F. Eddings (Edwards Co.), veteran. John Drenin (Wabash County). R. C. Sweat (Wabash County). Privates—Bell, William R. (Wabash County). Barnet, T. J. (Wabash Co.), died January 20, 1854; wounds. Bode], B. (Wabash County). Burrill, George (Edwards Co.), vet., mustered out July 24, 1865. Buckett, J. W. (Edwards Co.), disch. May, 1863; disability. Copeland, R. (Edwards Co.), disch. Aug. 9, '64, as corp’1; term exp. Dale, E. M. (Edwards County). De Witt, A. C. (Wabash Co.), disch, Aug. 9, 1864; term expired. Denham, B. W. (Wabash eo vet., died July 11, 1864; wounds. Evans, John T. (Wabash Co.), vet., mustered out July 24, 1865. Ellis, William (Wabash County). Furniff, A. (Wabash County), trans. to V. R C..September, 1863. Gard, Reason (Wabash County), mustered out July 24, 1865. Gard, John (Wabash County). Gard, Francis (Wabash County), disch. Feb, 16, 1863; disability. Gardner, Henry (Wabash County). Ham, Henry (Wabash Co.), vet., mustered out July 24, 1865. Ing, Martin (Wabash Co.), vet., mustered out July 24, 1865, Kimball, W. T. (Wabash Co.), vet , killed at Griswoldville, Ga., November 22, 1864, 146 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Killifer, Joseph (Edwards Co.), disch. Aug. 19, 1864; term exp. Nuuly, John ene County). Norsworthy, John:(Wabash County). Proctor, Patrick (Wabash County). Phillips, P. (Edwards Co ), vet., M. O. July 24, 1865, as sergeant. Rigg, H. V. (Wabash Co.), vet., M. O. July 24, 1865, as sergeant. Stroup, Andrew (Wabash Co.), vet., M. O. June 29, 1865; pris. war. Stroup, J. S. (Wabash County). Stroup, William H. (Watash Co.), disch. Aug. 9, 1814; term exp. Ulm, William E. (Wabash Co.), killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 2, 63 Voight, William (Edwards Co.), vet., killed near Atlanta, Ga, August 18, 1864. Williamson, Stephen (Wahash County). Willyard, P. (Wabash County). Rees uits.—Brown, John 8. (Edwards County). Birckett, Robert (Edwards Co,), died at Lagrange, Tenn., Jan. 8, 1863. Denham, James P. (Wabash County). Forneff, William (Wabash Co.), vet., mustered out July 24, 1865. Gould, ‘Theron eee Co.), diseh Dee. 28, 1863; disability. Ganong, James D. (Edwards Co.), disch. Aug. 19, 1864; term expd. Gibson, Stephen S. (Edwards Co.), M. O. July 24, 1805, as sergeant. Harris, William A. (Edwards Co.), M. O. July 24,765, as sergeant, Higbee, William H. (Wabash Co ), mustered out Aug. 30, 1864, Higbee. John R. (Wabash Co.), mustered out July 24, 1865. Kitchen, Rigdon 8. (Edwards Co.), vet., nustered out July 24, 65. Kitchen, John ©., veteran, mustered out July 24, 1565, Lutz, George (Wabash Co.), disch. Aug. 19, 1864; term expired. Lingenfelter, Sumuel (Wabash Co.), mustered out July 24, 1865. Myers, Philip (Edwards County). Rude, David B. (Edwards Co.), disch. Aug. 19, 1864; term expd. Rice, Oren S. (Edwards Co.), disch. July 8, 1862; disability. Stone, William (Wabash County), veteran. Tanquery, John N. (Edwards Co.), disch. April 27, 1863. Ulm, Samuel N. (Edwards Co.), killed Kenesaw Mt., June 27,64. Weaver, Gotleib (Edwards County). Watkins, William (Edwards County). MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY K. Private—Finley, Andrew W. (Wabash Co.), vet., mustered out July 24, ’65. 46th Infantry.—Three years’ service. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY F. Recruits— Elliott, William (Wabash Co.), died at Shreveport,La., June 25, 65. Gross, Josiah (Wabash County), M. O., Jan. 20, 1865. Hart, John W. (Wabash Co.), vet. recruit, M. O. Jan. 20, 1865. Messenger, ‘'heodore (Wabash County), M. O. Jan. 20, ls6.. Sanford, William H. (Wabash County). 47th Infantry.—Re-organized. Three years’ service. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A. Privates—Glikinson, Alfred W. (Wabash County), drafted; disch. July 20,°65. Kenard, Robert (Wabash County), drafted; disch. July 20, 1865. Moser, Benjamin (Wabash County), drafted; M. O. Sept. 19, ’65. 48th Infantrv.—tThree years’ service. This gallant regiment had a large representation from Wabash county. It was oganized at Camp Butler Sep- t mber, 1861, by Isham N. Haynie. It fought at Fort Henry, February 7, 1862; Fort Donelson, February 13 to 16, 1862: Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862; siege of Corinth, May, 1862; Mission Ridge, November 24 and 26, 1863 ; Kenesaw Mountain, June 10 to July 3, 1864; Sandstown, July 6 to 12, 1864; Atlanta, July 21, 22, 28, 1864; siege of Atlanta, July 28 to August 26, 1864; siege of Savannah, December, 1864; South Edisto River, February 9, 1865; Bentonville, March 20, 1865, and in other engagements. It was mustered out August 15, 1865. Lieutenant-Colonel—John W. Ingersoll, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Major—Edward Adams, resigned Jan, 8, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY G. Captains—William W. Beall, resigned March 24, 1862. George M. Kensipp, honorably discharged Jan. 28, 1865, Isaac R. Carlton, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. First Lieutenunt—Theodore 8, Bowers, promoted Stiff Gem'l Grant, William H. Murray, mustered out Aug, 15, 1865, Second Licutenant—George Rank, mustered out Feb. 16, 1862. Denture Comrie, died Noy, 1, 1862. William i. Brown, mustered out Aug. 16, 1865, Sergeantsa—Henry W. Reinsmith, disch. April 22, 1862; disability. John T. Turner, died at Memphis April 16, 1863. Daniel Nazer, disch. May 8, 1862; disability. Corporals—Benjamin H. Kavanaugh,vet., died at Marietta,Aug.23,'64; wds. David 8. Hill, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, as 1st sergeant. Charles C. Lingenfelter, mustered out Oct. 27, 1864. Enos B. Risly, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Charles W. Groman, died at Savannah, Tenn., April 4, 1862. Albert Compton, killed at Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, 1862. A Henry C. Sharp, trans. to Signal Corps, March 28, 1864. Musicians—Robert H. Walker, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. George Andrus, died at Mound City, Feb. 17, 1862. Privates—Arnold, William, died at Keokuk, Iowa, April 26, 1862. Baird, Thomas R., vet., died at Marietta, Ga., Sept. 10, 1864. Baird, Ephraim P., vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, as corporal. Bass, Burrell G., vet., died June 1, 1864; wounds. Bass, Ezekiel, mustered out Oct. 27, 1864. Behm, Jacob, killed near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 18¢4. Banks, James A., vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, as corporal. Bridwell, Hamon, discharged Nov. 24, 1862; dis bility. Compton, Markus, discharged April 22, 1862; disability. Clark, Charles, chee berer’. April 22, 1862; disability. Cotton, Peter, mustered ont Uct. 27, 1864. Davis, Henry H., mustered out Oct. 31, 1864. Delscher, Joel, vet., died near Atlanta, Aug. 1, 1864; wounds. Dresher, Louis, vet., discharged July 20, 1864; disability. Friar, Benjamin, discharged May 8, 1862; disability. Gray, Ralph, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Gregory, Richard. | . Peace Gordon or Compton, Vunel G., disch. April 22, 1862; disability. Husbrook, Pascal, discharged March 23, 1863; wounds. Hill, Morris, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Haney, Benjamin. ‘ ae ae Henry, Abram, discharged April 23, 1862; disability. Hill, Oliver S., vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, as corporal. Ivy, William C., vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. ne Ingram, Samuel, vet., mustered out June 3,67, to date Aug. 15,’c5. Keen, Jordan, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Keller, Adam, mustered out Oct. 25, 1864. 4 Melcher, Joseph F., vet., M. O. Aug. 15, 1865, absent sick. Middleton, Larner, discharged April 21, 1862; disability. Miller, John, vet., mustered out Aug, 15, 1865. Montzomery, William, killed at*Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Montgomery, Leonard, died at Camp Butler, Nov. 25, 18€1. Motor, George, discharged June 11, 1862; disability. McDonald Robert, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1805. Muncie, Thomas R., vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1815. Muncie, John A., vet.,mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, Muncie, Leonard D., mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Martin, Alfred, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 18¢5. 7 Mardonald, Isaac, vet., M. O. Aug. 15, 1805, as corpl.: absent sick. Ogden, Joseph D., trans. tu Signal Corps, March 28, 1864. Ollendortt August, mustered out Oct. 27, 1864. Ollendorft, John, mustered out Oct. 27, 1864. Pumam, William H., vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 18(5, a8 corporal. Reil, Jacob, died at (amp Butler, I)., Nov. 3, 1861. Rigg, Henry H., vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, as sergeant. Rounding, John, died at Pittsburg Landing, April 20, 1862. 4 Shenenberger, Reuben, vet., died at Atlanta, Aug. 15, 1804, w nds. Simmonds, William R., vet., killed at New Hope Church, Ga., June 6, 1864. Steikiltz, Frederick. | Sanford, Joseph, died Pittsburg Landing, April 21, 1862. Sanford, Benjamin F., vet., killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 21, 1864. Sheare, John, vet., killed at Fort McAlister, Ga., Dee. 13, 1814. Trunks, Edward C., vet., killed near Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 11, 1864. Turner, Daniel E., mustered out Oct. 27, 1864. Utter, John, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Wells, Robert C., vet., died at Marietta, Ga., Sept. 10, 1864. Weissner, George, vet., di-charged June 25, 1865; disability. William, John, transferred to Signal Corps, March 28, 1864. Wolfington, Sarguel, vet., mustered out Aug. 25, 1865. Zull, Andrew, died at Cairo, Feb. 17, 1862. Recruits—Andrews, George V., mustered out Noy. 23,1864. Anderson, Jacob, vet., discharged June 25, 1865; disability. Baird, Wilson, mustered out Aug. 15, 185. Bedell, Hiram, mustered out Aug. 1, 183. Bredwell, Harmon D., mustered out Aug. 15, 185. Baird, John P. died at Nashville, Tenn., July 4, 1864. Boss, John, dishonorably M. O., April 2, 18t5, Copeland, James A., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Clark, Geo. W., died Atlanta, Ga., July 21, 1864; wounds. -Collins, Conway B., died Marietta, Ga., July 31, 1854. Clark, Benjamin, died Cairo, Nov. 26, 1864. Couter, James E., died Rome, Ga., Aug. 31, 1864. Chapman, Robert L., died Nashville, Tenn., July 7, 1864. Dyer, James H., mustered out Aug. 15, 1805. Epler, Daniel L., mustered out May 13. 1865. Fuller, Simpson A., mustered out Aug. 15 1865. Fuller, Isaac J., mustered out Aug. 15, 1803. Hiller or Miller, John, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Hasbrook, Pascal C., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Hiller, Herman, killed at Dallas, Ga., May 26, 1864. Johnson, James H., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Keneipp, Edward l., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Kingsbury, Hiram 0., died, Chattanooga, Uct. 14, 1864. Middleton, Jeremiah, mustered cut Ang. 15, 1865. Absent sick. Moyer, David, mustered out Aug. 15, 1805. Muney, George W., mustered ont Ang. 14, 1865. Patterson or Peterson, Peter, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Patton, Michact 8., discharged June 24, 1865; disability. Risley, dames T, mustered ont Aug. 15, 1865. Rigg, ‘Thomas 'T., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, Rigg, Andrew F., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Risloy, Edwin, discharged May 8, 1862; disability. Sapp, Albert S., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Sanford, Abram, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Samomel, Louis, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865; wounded. Shearer, Witliam M., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, Shaw, Samucl B,, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. « Showalter, William H., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Showalter, Alfred M., mustered out Aug 15, 1865. Showalter, Danicl, discharged June 25, 1865; disability. Smith, Joseph, discharged Feb, 24, 1865; disability. Smith, Frederick, discharged June 25, 1865; wounds. Sanford, Isaac, vet., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Ulm, Richard i, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Uiter, Charles W., died near Atlanta, Ga., July 30, 1864. Wallace, Elijah A., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Willman, genre mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Wooley, Feley W., died at Scottsboro, Ala., May 38, 1864. Wells, George M., died at Resaca, Ga., June 22, 186-4. Wells, Joshua R., died at Snyder’s Bluff, Miss., July 7, 1863. Wolf, Winfield S., vet., mustered out Aug. 16, 1865, as sergeant. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. Recruits—Armstrong, John W., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Briens, Harman, mustered out Aug. 16, 1865. Duley, James M., mustered out Aug. 15, 1868. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 147 Eastwood, John S., mustered ont June 22, 1835. Frair, John T., died near Decatur Ga. Fuller, John R., died at Rome, Ga., July 3, 1864. Gard, Timothy, died at Scott~boro, Ala., April 12, 1864, Gard, Francis, mustered out Aug, L4, 1865, Holdsen, Joseph B., mustered out Aug. 15, 1855. Hill, William T., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, Holdsen, David, died at Scottsboro, Ala, March 2), 1864. Hallock, Aaron, died at Madison, Ind., Jan. 16, 1855. Ivil, James F., mustered out Aug. 15, 1864. Kimball, Joseph L., died at Rome, Ga., Aug. 19,1864; wounds. Moser, William, killed near Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864. McClure, John D., died at Indianapolis Dee. 2, 1864. eu, Andrew D., died at Little Rock, July 3), 1855. Ross or Rose, Philip, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Reed, Warren, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Swinck, William, mustered out Aug 15, 1865. Summerville, Henry A, died at Nashville, Tenn., June 10, 1865. Warren, Christonher, killed near Atlanta, Ga., July 21, 1804. Young, James W., mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY K. Recruit—Harvey, David (Lawrence Co.), died at Scottsboro, Ala., May 5,64. Forty-Ninth Infantry.—-Three Years’ Service. This regiment, Illinois volunteers, was orginized at Camp Butler, Illinois, by Col. William R. Morrison, Dec. 31st, 1861, and on the 23d Feb. was ordered to Cairo, Illinois. Was assigned to the Third Brigade, McClernand’s Division, at Fort Henry, the 8th ult., and on the 11th moved to Fort Donelson. Engaged the enemy on the 13th, losing 14 killed and 387 wounded. Remaining at Donelson until March 4th, it moved to Metal Landing, and two day’s later embarked for Pitts- burg Landing, Tenn. Disembarked at Savannah, and on the 21st completed the march. Participated in the battle of Shiloh, losing 17 killed and 99 wounded. Moved from Bethel, Tenn., by rail, March 10th, 1568, to Germantown, and on the 12th to White Station, and was assigned tothe Fourth Brigade. Nov. 10th, assisted in the capture of Little Rock. Of the 15th, moved by rail via Duvall’s Bluff, to Memphis, arriving November 21st, 1863. January 15th, 1864, three-fourths of the regiment re- enlisted, and were mustered as veteran volunteers. On the 27th inst., marched to Vicksburg, and was with Major Gen. Sherman in the Meridian campaign, returning to Vicksburg, March 3d. Was assigned to Red River expedition, and on March 14th, participted in the capture of Fort De Russey, La..; April 9th, en- gaged in the battle of Pleasant Hill, La., and returned to Memphis, June 10th, 1854. June 24th, ordered to Illinois for veteran furlough. The detachment of non-veterans remained, commanded by Capt. John A. Logan, engaging in the battle of Tupelo, July 14th and 15:h, 1864. After the expiration of the veteran furlough rendezyoused at Centralia, Illinois, and proceeded via Cairo and Memphis to Holly Springs, and rejoined the command. Participated in the Oxford ex- pedition, and returned to Memphis, August 30th. Arrived at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Sept. 30th; moved thence to Franklin, and drove the enemy from the place ; was with the army in pursuit of Gen. Price through Missouri, and returned to St. Louis, Nov. 18tb, 1864, From there it moved to Nashville, Tenn., and took part in that battle, December 15th. On the 24th, was ordered to Paducah, Ky , to muster out non-veterans, and thereafter the regiment did garrison duty. Was mustered out, Sept. 9tb, 1865, and arrived Camp at But ler, Illinois, Sept. 15th, 1865, for final payment and dis- charge. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY (©. Captain—George Berz, mustered out Sept. 9, 1865. First Iieutenants—Simeon Spira, term expired Jan. 9, 1865. John Linck, mustered out Sept. 9, 1865. Sergeants—Henry Herweg, mustered out Jan. 9, 1865, as 1st sergeant. Valentine Mode, discharged Nov. 21, 1862; wounds. Corporals—Carl Schulze, mustered out Jan. 9, 1865, as private. John Link, veteran pro. -Jacob Lehr, discharged June 24, 1862; disability. Privates—Aiker, Nicholas, died at Cincinnati, March 1, 1862. Fuchs, Conrad, mustered out Jan, 9, 1865, as corporal. Helmkamp, Rudolph, vet., mustered out Sept. 9, 1865, as sergeant. Kreiter, Carl, mustered out Jan. 9, 1865, as corporal. Kreiger, Henry, died at St. Louis, May 2, 1862; wounds. Mueller, Frank. Mueller, William, vet., mustered ont Sept. 9, 1865, a3 sergeant. Moellman, John, discharged Oct. 3, 1862; disability. Monsen, Peter, discharged Oct. 3, 1862; wounds. Petree, John, discharged for disability. Peohler, John, discharged Oct. 1y, 1862; wounds. Phoff, Theodore, discharged Oct. 30, 1862; disability. Schaffer, Valentine, discharged Oct. 2, 1862; disability. Schmebezer, Henry M. Selfert, Frederick, mustered ont Jan. 9, 1865, as corporal. Stempel, Bernhard, killed by falling of a tree, Nov. 12, 1864. Schulte, Carl, discharged May 12, 1862; disability. Temme, William, mustered out Jan. 9, 1865. Wannemacker, Peter, vet., corpl., killed at Pleas’t Hill, April 9, 64. Reeruits—Brockaus, Frederick, veteran, mustered out Sept. 9, 1865. Beneker, Frederick, veteran, mustered out Sept. 9, 1865. Frorhlike, Herman, mustered out July 1, 1865. Helmkamp, John, mustered out July 1, 1865. Kassen, Henry, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Kerkzick, Henry, mustered out July 1, 1865, Loeffelman, Hermann, mustered out July 1, 1855, Meyer, John, mustered out July 1, 1855. Nilhaus, Fritz, mustered out Feb. 17, 1865. Nortropp, Deitrich, mustered out July 1, 1865. Nimeyer, Frederick, Piper, Fritz, discharged March 19, 1855; disability. Roettger, Frederick, veteran, mustered out September 9, 1865. Schlewig, Henry, veteran, mustered out Sept. 0, 1865. Wolff, William, mustered out Sept. 9, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY D. Recruits—Reed, Joseph. ‘Turner, Rosander. 54th Regiment Infantry. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY c. Private—Albert, Charles K. (Lawrence Co.), died at home, Oct. 15, 1863. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. P, tvates—Edmonds, Richard (Lawrence Co.), died at Duvall’s Bluff, Ark., Oct. 19, 1863. Goddard, George (Lawrence County). Jones, Ebenezer (Lawrence County). Moore, ab mstohey (Lawrence County). Napier, Peter (Lawrence Gey disch. Aug. 13, 1864; disability. Plumer, Robert (Wabash Co.), mustered out Feb. 17, 18.5. Williams, Joseph E. (Lawrence Co.), veteran. 56th Regiment Infantry. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF, Commissary Sergeant—Paul T. Halbeck, trans. to Co. H. Dec. 31, 1804, from Edwards County. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY F. Corporal—Jacob Stevens (Wabash Co.), discharged Nov. 3, 1863. Privates—Gouldsburg, Albert (Wabash Co.), disch. Sept. 29, 62; disability. Lacer, John (Wabash Co.), lost on str. Gen, Lyon, March 31, °6d. Mulenax, James (Wabash Co.), disch. July 23, 1863; disability. Mulenax, Jas. (Wabash Co.), trans. to Miss, Marine Brig, Ap’! 1,°63. Nichols, James A. (Wabash Co,), disch, Dec. 15, 1852; disab.lity. Preston, John Finney (Wabash County). Preston, David 8. (Wabash Co.), killed at Vicksburg, June 17, °63. Preston, John F. (Wabash Co.), disch. Oct 16, 1862; disability. Preston, David (Wabash i) killed at Vicksburg. June 17, 1843. Swartz, John (Wabash Co.), lost on str. Gen. Lyon, March 31, ’65. Swartz, Jacob (Wabash Co.), lost on str. Gen. Lyon, March 31, ’65. Smalhouse, Alfred (Wabash Co.), lost str. Gen. Lyon, Mch. 31, °65. Weil, Robert (Wabash Co.), lost on str. Gen. Lyon, March 31, ’65. Recruits—Goldburg, Gabriel 8, (eee Co.), disch. April 29, 62; disability. Pulley, David (Wabash Co.), disch. Dee. 15, 1862; disability. Smalhouse, Albert (Wabash Co.), lost on str. Gen. Lyon, Mar. 31, ’65. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. First Lieutenant—Paul T. Halbeck (Edwards Co.), lost on stmr. Gen. Lyon, March 31, 1863. First Sergeant—Henry A. Fitze (Edwards Co.), disch. Sept. 3,’62 ; disability. Corpurals—Walter L. Garner (Edwards Co.), discharged June 22, 1865. Kinsey, Cullison (Edwards Co.), lost on str. Gen. Lyon, March 31, 1865. Musician—Will Hulon (Edwards Co.), disch. Sept. 29, 1862, disability. Privates—Brown, Isaac (Edwards Co.), lost on str. Gen. Lyon, March 31, ’65. Cullison, Henry (Edwards Uo.), disch. Sept. 26, 182; disability. Elliott, George (Edwards Co.), disch. March 3, 1813; disability. Elliott, James (Edwards Co.), died at Memphis, March 9, 1863. Elllott, William H. ards Gop vet., mustered out Aug. 12, 1865. Gaede, William F. (Edwards Co.), lost str. Gen. Lyon, Mar. 31,’65. Hunsinger, Henry (Edwards Co.), disch. Sept. 2, 1862; disability. Mann, Henry (Edwards Co.), lost on str. Gen. Lyon, March 31, ’65. Spruell, Charles (Edwards Co.), lost on str. Gen. Lyon, Mar. 31,65. Vincent, George L. (Edwards Co.), lost on str. Gen. Lyon, March 31, 1865. Vincent, Joseph (Edwards Co.), disch. Noy. 12, 1862; disability. 148 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Voigt, Adolph (Edwards Co.), killed at Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862. West Alexander (Edwards Co.), disch. Sept. 3, 1862; disability. Winkles, William Auavaenee Co.), vet., mustered out Aug. 12, ’65. Veterans—Fowler, David (Edwards Coe mustered out Aug. 12, 1865. Stapleford, Jackson (Edwards Co.), mustered out Aug. 12, 1865. Recruit—Green, William R. (Edwards Oo.), mustered out Aug. 12, 1865. 6lst Infantry Regiment, This regiment was organized at Carrollton, Illinois, by the venerable Colonel Jacob Fry, the hero of three wars. He was also the father of the celebratrd Provost-Mar- shal, General Fry, who was so distinguished during the late rebellion as the Provost-Marchal of the United States. The Glst mustered February 5th, 1862, and was ordered to the front, and became a part of the com- mand under General Prentiss, At Pittsburg Landing this regiment distinguished itself by holding the ground until every other regiment in the division had given way. The regiment was highly complimented by Gen. Prentiss for its gallant stand. April 7th it lost 80 killed, wounded and missing, including 3 commissioned officers. Had an engagement with Forest. After this time the regiment was mostly employed in skirmishing and doing garrison duty. The command did good service during the war, and was discharged September 12th, 1865. Colonel—Daniel Grass (Lawrence Co.), hon. disch, as Lt. Col. May 15, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. Captain—Elias C. Davis (Lawrence Co.), hon. disch. as 2nd Lt. May 15, °65. First Licutenant—George W. Bryan (Lawrence Co.), resigned Jan. 9, 1845. Privates—Burgess, Charles 8. (Lawrence Co,), M. O. Sept. 9, 64, as sergeant. Cummings, Isaac (Lawrence Co.), died at Jefferson Barracks, May 18, 1862. Davis, Edwin (Lawrence Co.), disch. June 17, 1862; disability. Davis, Elias P. (Lawrence County), died. Dutton, John C, (Lawrence Co.), vet., mnstered out Sept. 8, 1865. Farrar, William G. (Lawrence Co.), vet., M. O. June 28, 1865, as corpl.; pris. war. Heath, Asahel (Lawrence County), died. Judy, Jobn C. (Lawrence Co.), trans to Co. E, pro. 2nd Lt., M. O. Sept. 8, 1864, as captain of Co. G. Mieure, Charles (Lawrence Co.), disch. June 2, 1862; disability. Petty, John M. (lawrence County), died. Schultz, Samuel (Lawrence Co.),disch. Jan. 16, 1864; disability. Salisbury, George W. (Lawrence Co.), vet., absent sick at M. O. of regiment. Smith, Joel B. (Lawrence County). Shoars, Nelson A. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Feb. 12, 1864, disability. Smith, John J. (Lawrence Co.), sergt., died at Sumner, II!., June 24, 1864. Sutherland, Clark (Lawrence Co.), disch, Jan, 13,18 4; disability. Thorn, Clinton (Lawrence Co.), vet., M. O. June 28, ’65; pris. war. Walters, William W. (luawrence Co ), mustered out March 22, °65, Recruits—Baker, W. H. H. (Lawrence Co.), M. O. Sept. 8, 1865, as sergeant. Dutton, Stewart (Lawrence Co.), trans. to V. R, C. May 15, 1864. Evans, John B. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Gray, Salathiel (Lawrence Co.), M. O. Sept. 8, 1865; pris. war. Gaines, Stephen G. (Lawrence County). pie ees John U. (Lawrence Co.), died. Hallet, John (Lawrence Co.), died Andersonville Pris., Feb. 9, ’65. Hodges, John R. (Lawrence Co.). M. O. June 28, 1865; pris. war. Lemons, John (Lawrence Co.), disch. June 23, 1862; disability. Perry, James H. (Lawrence Co.), trans. to V. R. C.; M. O. July 3,5. Russell, Zacharias 'T, (Lawrence Co.), mustered out July 20, 1865. Truckey, Anthony (Lawrence Co.), mustered ont Sept. 8, 1864, Waseccet, Philip (Lawrence Co.), died Jefferson Barracks, Mo., ay 31, 1862. Winkles, Levi (Lawrence Co.), mustercd out Sept. 8, 1865. Witsel, George M. (Lawrence Co,), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865, Willet, Ranion (Lawrence Co.), M. O. June 28, 1865; pris. war, Wilber, Benjamin F, (Lawrence Co,), mustered out July 20. 1865, Transferred from 83d Illinois Infantry—Brucce, Nathaniel (Lawrence Co.) mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY K. Captain—Alfred J. Judy (Lawrence Co.), resigned Oct. 31, 1804. Second a en L. Davenport (Lawrence Co ), M0, Sept. 8, °65. First Sergeant—William H. Brown (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, °65, Sergeant—John R. Hite (Lawrence Co.), vet. recruit, M. O. Sept. 8, 1865; reduced to ranks at his own request. Corporals—James Leech (Lawrence Co.), died Camp Butler, IIl., Jan. 18,64. Thomas F. Geer (Lawrence Co.), M. O. Sept., 1865, a8 sergennt, Wm. H. H. Waggoner (Lawrence Co.), M, O. Sept, 65, as sergt. James M. Harlan (Lawrenee Co.), M. O. Sept., 1865, as sergeant. Privates—Baker, Rezin M, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. Sept. 8, °65, as corporal. Bauer. ore (Lawrence Co.), died Camp Butler, El, Jan. 25, 64, Berkshire, zra (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Berkshire, Israel (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1864. Candle, Zachary T. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Connerly, Kinyon (Lawrence me disch. June 12, 65; disability. Davis, John (Lawrence Co.), disch. June 14, 1865; disability. Day, George (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Gudgel, John 8. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Halcom, Benjamin L. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 65. Heath, Tobias (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 9, 1865. ’ Jennings, Seth M. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 9, 1865. Judy, Joseph R. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Nept. 9, 1865. Kimmel, John (Lawrence ea), died at Cairo, Feb. 1, 1864. 4 King, William A. (Lawrence Co.), disch. May 16, 1864; disability. Tapes, William (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept 8, 1865. Lathrop, Thomas K. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Laws, Levis (Lawrence Co.), died at Paducah, Ky., Feb. 8, 1865. Laws, William (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Loas, Thomas F. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Malone, John H. (Lawrence Co.), disch. June 28, 1865; disability. Mann, Henry H. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Musgrave, William H (Lawrence County). Musrush, Robert (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. &, 1865. Reeves, Lorenzo (Lawrence Co.), died at Camp Butler, Ill., Jan. 16, 1864. Roderick, John S. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Roderick, Thomas L. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, ’65. Rush, Benjamin F, (Lawrence Co.), died at Duvall’s Bluff, Aug. 3, 1864, Rutherford, John C. (Lawrence Co.), disch. June 28,'65; disability. Sample, William (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Shaw, Eli (Lawrence Co.), discharged Oct. 24, 1864, as corporal. Shick, Francis M. (Lawrence Co.), discharged Aug 10, 1864. Stout, Abram (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Sumner, Henry (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Tevis, by puree (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Turner, Henry C. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865, Yocum, Elmore M. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 8, 1865. Recruits—Bell, Henry J. (Edwards Co.), mustered Out Sept. 8, 1865. andis, James (Lawrence County). : Unassigned Recruits—Decker, John H. (Edwards Co.), died at Camp Butler, Ill., March 6, 1864. Dobbins, Vincent. (Lawrence County). Sixty-Second Infantry.--Three years service. The Sixty-second was organized by Col. James M. True, at Camp Dubois, Ill., April 10, 1863.* December 13, 1862, left Holly Springs, Tennessee, for Jackson, near which it overtook the enemy under General Forest, and skirmished with him for a distance of twenty miles. August 12th, 1864, left the seat of war for Illinois, on veteran furlough. The regiment was mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas, March 6, 1866. Quartermaster—Henry F. Walters (Lawrence Co.), trans. as consolidated; resigned Nov. 16, 1865. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Sergeant-Major—Austin F. Struble (Lawrence Co.\,mustered out May 1, ’65 Quartermaster Sergeant—Eustace L. Park (Lawrence Co.), disch. June 27, 1863, for promotion 2nd West Tenn. Infantry. Principal Musician—Simon Johnson (Lawrence Co.), reduced to ranks Co. A, mustered out April 6, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A. Captains—Henry C. McClave (Lawrence Co.), resigned Sept. 11, 1862. Thomas J. Warner (Lawrence Co.), died April 15, 1864. Jacob J. Applegate (Lawrence Co ), trans. as consolidated First Lieutenant— George M. Evans (Lawrence Co.), term exp. April 14, ’65. Second Lieutenant—Benjamin F. Stringer (Lawrence Co.), res. Sept. 3, 1862. Sergeants—Benjamin F. Gosnell ere ce Co.), vet., trans. to Co. Aas cons solidated ; mustered out March 6, 1866, as captain. Thomas J.Spann (Lawrence Co ), died at Anna, III, April 14, °62. George W. Sadle (Wabash Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; promoted Com. Sergt.; mustered out March 6, 1866. Corporals—Perry C. Watson (Lawrence Co.), mus:ered out May 2, 1864. Cornelius Berkshire (Lawrence Co.), absent sick at M. O. of regt. Theophilus Smith (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as con- solidated; mustered out March 6, 1866, as sergeant. Justice Struble (Lawrence Co.), discharged March 24, 1863. John M. Johnson (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as con- solidated; promoted 2nd Lieut.; M. 0. March 6, 1866. Harrison, Bisley (Wabash Co ), vet.. trans. to Co. A. as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866. John Wallace (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; discharged June 8 1865; disability. Musicians—Joseph Drennen (Wabash Co.), mustered out May 2, 1865. Simon Johnson (Lawrence Co.), M. O. April 12, ’65, as private. Privates— Atkins, Adna ae nee Co.), died Little Rock, Ark., March 4, ’62. Ackman, Charles (ONrE nie ae disch. April 10, 1863; disability. Buchanan, John (Wabash Co.), disch. Dee. 5, 1862; disability. Buchanan, George, W. (Wabash Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consolidated; mustered ont March 6, 1866. Bishop, William (Lawrence Co.), died Kenton, Tenn., Dee. 7, '62. Baker, George ee Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866, as corporal. Bladen, James (Lawrence County). Bishop, Thomas (Lawrence Co.), died at Paducah, Ky., May 21, 62. Bishop, John (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consolidated ' mustered out March 6, 1866. Custer, Thomas (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866. e Crampton, Leon (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866, as corporal. Childers, William A. (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as con- solidated ; mustered out March 6, 1866, as corporal. Crosby, Thomas J. (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866, as corporal. Carman, Wiley (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866, as corporal. Crosby, Sylvester (Lawrence Co,), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; discharged July 7, 1865; disability. Cochran, Thomas (Lawrence county Denen, Manson (Lawrence Co.), die Little Rock, Ark., Dec. 1, '63. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 149 Delonge, Noah (Lawrence Co.), died Lawrence Cn., IIl., July 2, 62. Dickink, Thomas Lanse Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866. Evans, Zeddick (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated: mustered out March 6, 1866. Gosnell, James (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A. as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866, as corporal. Gosnell, William (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866, as corporal. Hickson, Andrew (Lawrence Co.), disch. Jan. 18, 63; disability. Hendricks, Andrew D. (Wabash Co.), discharged June, 1862. Hart, John (Lawrence Co.), vet., died Pine Bluff, Ark., July 24, 64. Hauf, Jacob (Lawrence Co.), disch. Feb. 24, 1863; disability. Irwin, James F. (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866. eee 8. (Lawrence Co.), vet., died at Mattoon, IIl., Sept. ‘ . Johnson, John M. (Lawrence Co.), promoted. Jones, Ebenezer Z. (Lawrence cor vet., trans. to Co. A as con- solidated; mustered out March 6, 1866. Teen (Lawrence Co.), vet., died at Little Rock, Ark., Aug. Lane, James (Lawrence Co.), died at Lawrence, II., Ang. 7. 1863 Lagrange, Henry (Lawrence Co,), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out July 13, 1865. McCleave, John B. (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated ; mustered out March 6, 1866. McCleave, Francis M. (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A ag con- solidated ; mustered out March 6, 1866. McCleve, Benjamin F. (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as con- solidated; mustered out March 6, 1866. Miller, Philip (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans to Co. A as consolidated; died at Fort Gibson, Sept. 24, 1865. Miller, Jeremiah (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866. More, Martin (Lawrence Co ), vet., trans. to Co. A as consolidated; mustered out ue 2. 1865. Osborne, Jackson J. (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans, to Co. A consoli- dated, mustered out March 6, 1866. Parker, Jackson (Lawrence County). Plasters, John (Lawrence Co.), died at St. Louis, March 2, 1863. Plummer, Sylvester (Lawrence Co.), vet, trans. to Co. A as con- solidated ; discharged May 24, 1865; disability. Roble, Aaron (Lawrence Co.), Died at Paducah, Ky., May 21, ’62. Sadle, William (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866. Smith, W. H. H. (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out July 15, 1865. Struble, Norman (Lawrence Co.), vet., died at Pine Bluff, Ark., Sept. 3, 1864. a Snider, George W. (Lawrence Co.), died Kenton, Tenn , Oct., 62. Smith, James Vt Aver renee Co.), vet., trans, to Co. A as consoli- dated; died at Fort Gibson. Dec. 28, 1865. Vanausdol, Charles H. (Lawrence Co.), vet., trans. to Co. A as consolidated ; mustered out March 6, 1866, as corporal. Wallace, Cyrus L. (Lawrence Co.), died Columbus, Ky., June 17,62. Watson, David (Lawrence Co.), mustered out May 2, 1865. Williams, James B. (Lawrence Co.), vet,, trans. to Co. A as consolidated. Youngman, John (Wabash Co.), absent sick at M. O. of regiment. Zehner, Nathan (Lawrence Co.), mustered out May 2, 1865. Recruits—Bennett, William T. (Lawrence Co.), trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out Aug. 2, 1865. Dickson, William J., died in Tenn., Oct. 1, 1862; mustered out March 6, 1866. Fullilove, John A, (Lawrence Co.). trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866. Phillips, W. H. H. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Dec. 1,1863 ; was prisn’r. Short, Isaac N. (Lawrence Co.). trans. to Co. A as consolidated ; mustered out March 6, 1866. Watson, Benjamin F. (Lawrence Co.), pro. com. sergeant. Wallace, William S. (Lawrence Co.), trans. to Co. A as consoli- dated; mustered out March 6, 1866. 5 Zechner, Seth (lawrence Co.). trans. to A Co. as consolidated ; mustered out March 6, 1866. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY D. Captain—Robert J. Ford (Lawrence County); term expired April 14, 1865. Sergeant—Cochran, Daniel, vet., pro. Ist sergeant, then Ist lieutenant. Corporals—John Bareroft, vet., trans. to Co. C as consolid’d; pro. lst sergt., then 2d lieutenant. Powell, Canover, trans. to Co Das consol’td; M. O. March 6,66. Privates—Dairs, Sam., (Lawrence Co.), died at Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 1, '64. Mills, John P., vet., (Lawrence Co.), trans. to Co, F as consoli’ted, mustered out March 6, ’66. Shultz, Jas. H. (Lawrence Co.), trans. to Co, F., M. O. March 6, ’66. Recruits—Allen, John F., corporal, died Oct. 5, 1864. Carter, Samuel P., trans. Co. E as consolidated, M. O. Aug. 2, 1865. * Richards, eee Serene Co.), trans. to Co. E as consolidated, mustered out June 20, ’65. ~ Stuart, John, (Lawrence County), trans. to Co. E as consolidated, mustered out March 6, ’66. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY E, Veteran—Evans, Samuel (Lawrence Co.), trans. to Co. E as consolidated, mustered out March 6,66. Roster of Sixty-Second Infantry as re-organized. Quartermaster—Henry F. Walters, resigned Nov. 16, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A. Captain—Benjamin F. Gosnell, (Lawrence County), M. O. March 6, 1866. First Liutenant—John M. Johnson, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. March 6, 1866. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY ©. Second Lieutenant—John Barcraft, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. March 6, 1866. Sixty-Third Infantry.—Three years’ service. This regiment was organized at Camp Dubois, Illinois, December, 1861, by Colonel Francis Moro, and mustered into service, April 10, 1862. It was assigned to the Fourth Brigade, Seventh Division, and SeventeenihArmy Corps. It fought at Richmond Louisiana, June 16th, 1863; Mission Ridge, November 23d and 24th, 1863; Ogeechee canal, November, 1864; in the campaign of the Carolinas in 1865. It was mustered out of service ‘at Louisville, Ky., July 13th, 1865 and arrived at Camp Butler, Illinois, July 16th, 1865 for final payment and discharge. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY A. Veterans—Fyffe, George W. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out July 13, 1865. Lathrop, Ezra (Lawrence County), mustered out July 13, 1865, Miller, George (Lawrence County), mustered out July 13, 1865. Painter, James (Edwards County), mustered out July 13, 1865. Robinson, Joseph (Lawrence Co.), mustered out July 13, 1*65, Seed, Thomas C., (Lawrence Co.), mustered out July 14, 1865. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY B, Captains—George J. Johns (Edwards County), resigned Nov. 27, 1862. Arnot L. McCoy, (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1862. First Lieutenant—John C. Grayson, (Edwards County), resigned Oct. 13, ’62. William A. Harris, (Edwards Co.), term exp. April 7,°65. Second Lieutenant—Albert L. Hunter, a Co), M. O. April 9,.1865. First Sergeant—Henry Weyle, (Edwards ee Sergeants—William Painter, (Edwards Co.), M. O. April 9, 1865, as 1st serg’t. William P. Degan, (Edwards County.) Samuel Haliam, (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Corporals—Edward B. Hanna, vet., (Edwards Co.), M. O. July 13, 1865. James Rice, vet., (Edwards Co.), M. O. as sergeant July 13, 1865. Reuben Hayne, (Edwards Co.), M. O. April 9, 1865, as corpcral. John Lovelett, (Edwards Co.), M. O. April 9, 1865, as private. James M. Skaggs, (Edwards Co.), M. O. April 9, 1865, as sergt. William Kimball, (Edwards Co.), mustered out April 9, 1865. Cornelius N. Gray, (Edwards County), discharged Feb. 24, 1864, Joseph Williams. (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Musicians—Wm. Crackles, (Edwards Co.), killed in S. Carolina Feb. 25, 65. John Dav, (Edwards County), discharged. Wagoner—Barney Riley, (Edwards Co.), died Huntsville, Ala., Feb. 16, 1864. Privates—Armstrong, Thomas N. (Edwards County), M. O. April 9, 1865. Arnold, Jesse, (Edwards Co.), died at Lagrange, Tenn., Nov. 15,’62. Armstrong, Wm. H. (Edwards Co.), died at Cairo, May 3, 1862. Barber, Wm., (Edwards Co.), killed in South Carolina, Feb. 25,’65. Barber, Henry, (Edwards Co.), died at Jackson, Tenn., Oct. 23,’62. Benton, Samuel R. (Edwards County.) : Cowling, Richard (Edwards County). mustered out April 9, 1865. Cowling, Francis (Edwards County), vet., M. O. July 13, 1865, Cluxton, Thomas (Edwards Co.), died at Anna, II, May 25, 1862. Chaney, Richard (Edwards County), mnstered out April 9, 1865. Cunconno, Patrick (Edwards County. Druer, Barney (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Dinnel, James (Edwards County), M. O. April 9, 1865, as sergeant. Dean, Lewis (Edwards Co.), drowned Cheraw, S. C., March 5, 1865. Dean, Andrew |. eee County), died at Cairo, May 10, 1862. Everett, John Q. (Edwards County.) Elliott, Henry (Edwards County), died at Cairo, July 7, 1862. Ellis. William (Edwards County), mustered out April 22, 1862. Elliott, Samuel (Edwards County), disch. Nov. Ist, 1862; disab'ty. Hallam, John (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Hitchcock, Asel (Edwards County.) Horton, Frederick (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Holloman, Henry H. (Edwards Co.), disch. Aug. 20, 1862; disab’ty. Hall, William (Edwards County), discharged at St. Louis, Mo. Knoose, Christian (Edwards Co.), trans. to E vet., M. O. July 13,'65. Lindsay, Samuel (Edwards County. Lambert, Elias C. (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Lee, Charles E. (Bee: County.) Moody, John (Edwards County). disch. Nov. 7, 1862; disability. McCombs, George (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Merritt, John (Edwards County), disch, July 26, 1864; disability. Norton, John C. (Edwards County.) Naylor, Joseph (Edwards County), mustered out April 9. 1865, Odum, Riley (Edwards County), disch. June 4, 1862; disability. Pugh, Harvey (Edwards County.) Painter, Henry fat ors County.) Painter, Jas. (Edwards Co.), trans. to Co. A Vet., M. O. July 13, 65. Painter, Thomas (Edwards County), died at Cairo, May 16, 1862. Pierce, Washington (Edwards Co.), dis. at Jackson. Tenn., dis’ty. Roberson, John (Edwards Co.), disch. Nov. 7, 1862; disability. Riley Francis (Edwards County), discharged March 13, 1864. Riley, David (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Rice, James H. (Edwards County), died at Anna, II., May 9, 1862. Ray, Andrew J. (Edwards County). mustered out April 9, 1865. Sullivan, Dennis (Edwards Co.), died at Anna, II]., May 10, 1862. Sloan, Jefferson G. (Edwards County.) Wilkerson, Wm. H. (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Wheeler, John (Edwards County), mustered out April 9, 1865. Wilkerson, John (Edwards County), died at home May 20, 1862. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY C. Veterans—Carlisle, John K. (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 13, ay 1st sergeant commanding 1st lieutenant. Dickerson, Francis M., mustered out July 13, 1865. Lewis, Abner H. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 13, 1865. McCausland, John (Lawrence Co.), mustered out July 13, 1865. Nimmo, William (Lawrence County), mustered out July 13, 1865. Walker, Levi H. (Lawrence Co.), M. O July 13, 1865, as corporal. Wilson, Benjamin T. (Lawrence Co.), killed by falling of a tree, April 11, 1865. Sixty-Fourth Infantry Regiment. The 64th, better known as the “ First Battalion of Yates’ Sharp Shooters,” was organized at Camp Butler, 150 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. in the month of December, 1861, by Lieutenant Colonel, D. E. Williams. It consisted of four companies, the last of which was mustered into the United States service, December 16th, 1861. Two additional companies were mustered into the service, December 31st, with Fred.W. Matteson as Major. The Colonel of the 64th was John Morrill. January 10th, 1862, the command started for the seat of war, via Quincy. Here it was armed, moved south, and in conjunction with Pope’s army took part in the expedition against Fort Pillow. Subsequently became a part of the command under Rosecrans ; after- wards under Sherman. The leading engagements in which it took a part were siege of Corinth, Iuka, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, and Resaca. These are a few of the more important engagements in which this regiment took a part. Was paid and discharged at Chicago, IIl., July 18th, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY F. Recruit—Shed, John J. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Dec. 26, 1864; term expired. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY K. First Sergeant—John O. Shown, (Lawrence County), discharged June II, 1865, as private; disability. Sergeant—John Crackell, (Wabash County), M. O. July 11, 1865, as private. Corporals—Frederick Grot, (Wabash County), M. O. July 11, 1865, as sergt. George A. Williams, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 11, 1818, as priv. Thomas Smith, (Wabash County), mustered out July 11, 1864. Wagoner—Amaziah Turner, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 11, 1865. Pi ivutes—Boyce,Wm. M. (Wabash Co.), killed at Kenesaw_ Mt., June 27, 1864. Black, James (Wabash County), mustered out July 11, 18-5. Badver, Alonzo (Wabash County), mustered out July 11, 18°5. Crackell, Matthew (Wabash County), died Allatoona, Ga., June 5, 1864; wounds. Cluxton Aaron (Wabash Co.), died at Chattanooga, May 23, 1864. Curry, James W. (Lawrence County), killed near Atlanta, Ga., ~ July 22, 1864. Davis, Martin (Wabash Co.) died Jeffersonville, Ind., April 6, ’64. Dean, Ephraim (Wabash Co.), died at Decatur, Ala., April 1, 1864. Dunlap, Allen (Lawrence County), mustered out July 11, 1804. Gairett, Horatio (Wabash County), died in Georgia, June 4, 1854. Gray, Daniel P. (Wabash County), di-ch. Oct. 6, 1864; disability. Harumhouse, Charles (Wabash County), mustered July 11, 1865. Knoles, James (Wahash County), M. O. July 11, 1864, as corporal. Kimbrell, John (Wabash County), mu-tered ont July 11, 1865., Lambert, Wm. H. (Wabash County), mustered out July 11, 1865, Nicholson, Arch (Lawrence Co.), trans to5 Reg. V.R.C., Dec. 29,64. Shafer, Goo (Wabash County), mustered out July 11, 1865. Stolt, Samuel (Lawrence County), mustered out July 11, 1864. Schick, John V. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 11, 1865. Turner, Hezekiah (Lawrence County) mustered out July 11, 18635 66th Infantry.—Three Years’ Service. The organization of this regiment was begun at the Benton Barracks in September, 1861, by John W. Busge, and the eight companies composing it were known as “Western Sharp Shooters.’? The ninth company was added December 5th, and Benjamin 8. Compton was mustered in as Colonel. The regiment was mus- tered as the Fourteenth Missouri Infantry. November 20, 1862, the regiment was transferred to the State of Hlinois, and numbered sixty-six. It was out July 7, 1865, at Louisville. Kentucky, and arrived at Camp Butler, Illinois, July 9, 1865, fur final payment and dis- charge. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Quartermaster Sergeant—Geo. E. Alden, (Lawrence Co.), pro. cap. and A.Q.M ‘. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. Captains—Jerry N. Hill, (Lawrence County), re-igned Nov. 18, 1863, V.R.C, John L. Hays, (Lawrence County), mustered out. Samuel J. Smith, (Lawrence County), on detached service at muster out of Regiment. First Lieutenant—James P. Lamott, (Lawrence Co.), mustered out July 7, "65. Second Lieutenant—John W. Litherland, (Wabash County), M. O. July 7, 1865. Sergeants—James O. Ackinson, (Wabash County), died at Paducah, Ky., May 29, 1862. David W. Foster, (Edwards County), died at Paducah, Ky., April 5, 1862. Corporals—James Carl, (Wabash County), discharged May 18, 1862; disahil- ity; died on the way home. - George L. Childress, (Lawrence County), vet., M. O. July 7, 1865, Sidney Abernethy (Lawrence County), discharged May 18, 18¢2; disability; died June, 1862. Musicians—Cyrus L. Danforth, (Wabash County), discharged June 8, 1862. George W. Shoaf, (Wabash Co.), disch. June 20, 1862; disability Privates—Abernethy, Elijah (Lawrence County), corporal, vet., killed At- lanta, Ga., July 22, 1864, Andrus, James (Wabash Co.) corpl. killed at Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862. Beesley, Wm. P. (Wabash Co.), disch. Oct. 18, 1804; term expired. Beesley, Samuel C. (Wabash County), vet. Blessing, Geo. W. (Wabash Co.), died at St. Louis, Mo.,‘D ce. 16,61. ‘Blessing, John C. (Wabash Co.), disch. July 11, 1812; disability. Barnes, Lafayette (Lawrence Co.), vet., M. O. July 7,°65; as xergt. Burton, Wm. L. (Lawrence Co.), vet., M. O. July 7, 1865; wounded. Couch, Ebenezer B. (Wabash Oo.), vet, M. O. July 7, 65, as sergt. Cooper, Mark (Lawrence County), vet. Caudle, Moses (Lawrence County), vet. etd oe Denham, Wm. (Lawrence County), disch. July 11, 1862; disability. Ellis, Roswell (Wabash County), disch. Jan. 10, 1863; disability. Foster, Wm. F. (Edwards County), M. O. July 7, 1865; detached. Goodart, Andrew (Wabash County), vet., M. O. July 7, 1865. Greenley, Geo. W. (Lawrence Co.), vet., M. O. July 7, 63; as corpl. Hedrick, Henderson (Edwards County), mustered out July 7, °65. Howell, Peter (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Lamott. Daniel K. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865, Litherland, James A. (Wahash Co.), M. O. July 7, 1865; as corpl. Long, Joseph (Lawrence County), discharged June 15, 1862. McIntosh, Benj. F. (Wahash Co.), dixch. May 18, 1862; disability. Miller, Jno. (Wainsh Co.), vet., killed nr, Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 64. Neff, Louis H. (Wabash County), disch. July 29, 1862; disability. Pierce, Samuel (Lawrence Co.), vet, M. O. July 7 1865; as private. Pixley, Casper (Edwards Co.), vet., M. O. July 7, 1865; as corporal. Rice, Marshall (Edwards Co.), disch. June 20, 1862; disability. Smith, Wm. J. (Lawrence Co.), vet., M. O. July 7, 1865; as corpl. Shraeder, Samuel (Wabash County.) Tesh, Eli (Wabash County), vet., M. O. July 7, 1835; as corporal. Turner, James F. (Wabash Co.), vet., M. O. July 7, 1865; as corpl. ‘Thrasher, Algernon (Wabash County),vet., mustered out July 7, 1865, a8 corporal; wounded. Whittaker, Edward P. (Lawrence County), vet. sergeant, killed Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. West, John B. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Oct. 30, 1864; term expired. Recruits—Blood, Henry _E. (Wabash County), M. O. July 7, 1865, as corporal. Baird, Adam F. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Bunyan, Ezekiel (Wabash County), mustered out July 7, 1465, Carter, George W. (Edwards County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Childress, Thomas (Wabash County), mustered out July 7, 1863. Crump, George F. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Courter, Newton J. (Wabash Co.), M. O. July 7, 1865; weunded. Crossen, George W. (Wabash County), muscered out July 7, 1865. Carter, George Wood (Wabash County), killed near Rome, Ga. May 16, 1864. Gould, Irwin (Edwards County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Greenlee, Wm. M. (Lawrence County), mustered ont July 7, 1865. Hedrick, eres F, (Edwards County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Highfield, Hy. D. (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 7, 1865; wounded. Howe, James E. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Howe, William S. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1864, Howell, Peter (Lawrence Connty), vet., mustered out July 7, 18.5. Jordan, Joshua (Wabash County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Johnson, Thos. J. (lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Kelsey, James E. (Wabash County), mustered out July 7, 1865. . - Kearicher, Jacob (Edwards Co.), died at Rome, Ga, July 12, 1864. Keen, Levi C. (Wabash County), disch. July 9, Ist-4+; disability. Litherland, Matt. D. (Wabash County), mustered out July 7, 185. Litherland, Daniel M. (Wabash County), died at Pulaski, Tenn., April 10, 1864. Miller, Horace 8. (Wabash County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Milligan, William (Cawrenae County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Mills, George W. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Myers, Philip (Edwards Connty), mustered out July 7, 1866. Myers, Joseph : Edwards County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Pixley, Lewis (Edwards County), mustered out July 7, 1865. ‘Pixley, Francis (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Peppie, George (Lawrence County), mustered out Jnly 7, 1865. Price, James C, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Pixley, John (Lawrenee Co.), killed at Dallas, Ga, May 30, 1864, Pierce, Frederick (Lawrence County), mustered out June 2d, 1865. Pool, Chester D. (Wabash County), diseharged May 28, 1815. Rothrock, Parmena (Edivars County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Sloan, Jefferson (Wabash County), mustered out July 7, 1864, Sloan, Francis M. (Wabash County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Stewart, Luther M. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Sharer, Thomas (Wabash Co ), died at Pulaski, Tenn., May 5, 1864. Titze, William C, (Edwards County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Turner, Mack (Edwards County), wounded and detached; mus- tered ont June 26, 1865, as Turner McDonald. Walser, Gaither C. (Edwards Co.), M. O. July 7, 1865, as corporal, Walser, Franklin (Edwards County), mustered out July 7, 1864. Westfall, Harrison (Lawrence County), mustered out July 7, 1865. Wostfall or Wilhelm, Peter (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 7, 1865. Wood, Francis (Wabash Co.), killed near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, ’64. Wilhelm, John L. (Lawrence County), died at East Point, Ga., Sept. 26, 1864. UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. Akers. James J. (arende County.) Cromer, George W. (Lawrence County. King, Lafayette (Wabash County) diced at Camp Butler, IIL, April 7, 1864. MeGauhy, Daniel F. (Lawrence County), discharged June 16, 1864. Maddox, E. F. C. (Lawrence County), died at Camp Butler, IIL, Feb 24,°64. . Whyde, Alexander (Wabash County), died at Camp Butler, Ill, April 7,'64. 7Oth Infantry Regiment.—Three months’ service. Men from Lawrence County. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY K, Captain—George R. Brumlay, mustered out. First Lieutenant—Robert W. Musgrave, mustered out. Second Lieutenant—Henry A. Club, mustered out. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 151 First Sergeant. Henry Patterson French, Bascomb Gordon, Jackson D. Garner, George D. Hutchinson, Daniel J. Haskins, Jack-on D. Hodger, Richard Hodges, John R, Hodges, George W. Herrin, Join Hardin, Aloin Howe, Thomas E. Kellams, Daniel Kelsey, Wiliam C. Kissinger, William M. Kensler, Aloin Kneff, Silas F. Langson, Jason I. Sergeunts, William M. Powers William H Tanquary Thomas D, Shepe:d Peter Carver Corporals, Ira Bunn Hie! G. Yocum John M. i kirson James Ryan James C. Huys Elijah H. Lowe George W. Pickerel Musician. Mills, William W. : Michaels, Jacob Wilham H. Seed areenreey, David a3. yers, John _ Privates. Nepper, Peter D. Appling, George D. Norton, Homer N, Ashbruok, William Organ, Enoch Appling, Arborthort Browning. William R, Bird, Alexander Barker, Francis M. Black, Wilham ' Bunn, Seely Brumblay, George R.* Banks, Hariey B. Bower , Samuel M. Bryans, George W. Beach, Chambers Bowman, Christian Bird, Thumas F, Berkshire, John W. Berkshire, Robert Byrns, James Bache, Arthur Coombs, Francis M. Cain, William Currell, Lorenzo D. Clevy, Joseph Crosby, Nathaniel B. Dickerson, James K Evans, John B. Fleming, David A. Funk, Anderson E, Ocha, Jacob Provines, Eli F. Piper, Theodore E. Parsons, John H. Rains, James Rainey, Warren R. Richards, Danforth Roderick, John 8. Reiter, Arthur H Ramsey, Samuel H. Rogers, Jolin W. Robinson, William A. Shiradin, Clinton Sphar, Johnt Scotr, James ‘Turner, Hezekiah Turner, Amaziah Umiteet, Benjamin F. White, Joseph White, Milton Wesner, Alexander Wagoner, David A. Worstell, William P. Woodworth, James W. White, James A. U Woddeil, Nathan D, Fisher, Lafayette Wilber, Benjamin F. Foster, Robert Wilber, George W. * Promoted Captain July 25, 1862. + Transferred from 68th Ill. Infantry. 76th Regiment Infantry. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY F.. Recruit—Ostrander, Charles (Lawrence Co.), trs. to 5 Ill., M. O. Mar. 1, ’66. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY H. Corporal—Leverance King (Lawrence County), died at Lagrange, Tenn., Feb. 7, 1863. Privates—Gleason, Gershom (Lawrence County), killed at Jackson Cross Roads, July 7, 1864. King, John (Lawrence County), M. O. as corporal July 22, 1865. Sergeant, Lewis (Lawrence Co.), M. O. May 31, 1465; wounded. Streeter, Lorenzo (Lawrence Co.), trans. to V. R. C. Nov. ¥, 1863. ; Van:avock, Henry (Lawrence County), mustered out July 22, °65. Recruits—Parmely, James (Lawrence County), mustered out July 22, 1865. Roberts, Joseph (Lawrence County) mustered out July 22, 1835. Van Sceque, Stephen (Lawrence County). transferred to 37 IIl. infantry; absent sick at mustering out of regiment. 87th Regiment.—Three years’ service. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. . «Principal Musician—Columbus L. Freeman (Edwards Co.), M. O. June 16, "65. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY B. Corporals—Joseph G Coles (Edwards Co.), M. O. June 16, 1865, as sergeant. James Feaverston (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865... Privates—Armor, Anthony (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. - Butler, William L (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Clark, W. B. F. eons epee mustered ont June 16, 1865. Ellis, Daniel (Edwards County), died July 17, 1863. Ellis, William W. (Edwards Co.), disch. Dec. 8, 1865; disability. Ellis, John (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Ellis, Thomas E. (pemares County), mnstered out June 16, 1865. Fortney, William R. (Wabash County), transferred to Co. G 26 Il. infantry, vet., mustered ont July 20, 1865. Feverston, aed (Edwaids County), M. O. June 16, ’65, as corpri. Hoovers, James F. (Edwards County), M. O. June 16, ’65, as sergt. Hensely,.Hiram (Edwards County). Hoover, George W. (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, °65. Johnson, John (Edwards County), mustered out Jane 16, 1865. Jordon, Eleby (Wabash County), disch. Sept. 19, 1863; disability. Johnson, William (Edwards Couniy), mustered out June 16, 1865. Mussett, William (Edwards Co.), M. O. June 16, 1865, as corporal. Mussett, John B. (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Maloy, Patrick (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Mayse, George W. (Edwards County), died at Mound City, IIL, Jan. 25, 1865. Odam, Ira (Wabash County), mustered out June 16,1865. Satterly, Philip (Wabash County), disch. May 12, 1865; disability. Thompson, Daniel W. (Edwards County), died at New Orleans Oct, 14, 1863. Tade, James (Wabash County), mustered out June 16, 1865. MUSTER ROLL SOMPANY H. * Captains—James R. Jacobs (Edwards County), resigned Dec. 6, 1863. James Chism (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1805. First Lieutenants—William H, Jones (Edwards Co.), resigned Dec. 13, 1863. John D, Fieber (Edwards Co.), mustered out Jungs 16, 65, Second Lieutenant -William B. Tribe, mustered out June 16, 1865. Fi, st Sergeants—James M. Black (Wabash Co.), mustered out June 16, 1865. Edward Deems (Wabash Co.), mustered out June 16, 1865. William Frankland (Edwards Co.), M. UV. June 16, 1865. Altred Bassett (Edwards Co.), mustered out June 16, 1865. Corporals—James Brown, Jr. (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 65. James T. Hunt (fdwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Robert MeCreery (Edwards Co.), died at Memphis Mar, 18, 1863. James F, Hanks (Edwards Co.), trans. to V. R. C, May 16, 1864. Peter Bailey (Edwards County), died at Memphis Mar. 1, 1863. Thomas Crome, Jr. (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, ’65, Isaac Deeme (Kdwards County), mustered out May 24, 1865. John Kuykendall (Edwards County). mustered out June 16, '65. Musicians—Krederick Harrison (Edwards County), died at Helena, Ark., April 1u, 1565; wounds. ae Me Columbus L. Freeman, promoted Principal Musician. Wagorer—William Dunk (Edwa ds County), mustered out June 16, 1863. Privutes—Aterberry, Miner (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1805, Bassett, George (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Bunting, Sylvester (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Bell, James W. (Edwards County). Colyers, Robert (Edwards Co.), died at Carrolton, La., Sept. 13, 763. Cullison, Thomas (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1863. Cullison, William (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Cline, William (Edwards County), disch. Nov. 8, 1863; disability. Crawford, Reuben C. (Edwards Co.), mustered out June 16, 1865, Dunk, Thomas, Jr. (Edwards Co.), M. O. June 16, 65; was prisour. Davis, Robert b. (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865, Estes, Timothy (Edwards County). ‘ Elliott, Richard F. (Edwards County), trs. to V. R. C. Sept. 1, 1862. Edge, Charles (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Elliott, Daniel (Edwards mao died at Memphis Mar. 16, 1863. Elliott, William B. (Edwards Cu.), died at Memphis April 10, 18u3. Glover, James (Edwards County), died at home Sept. 8, 1863. Gillard, Henry (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Gawthorp, Abraham (Edwards Co.), mustered out June 16, 1865. Griffin, Edwin (Wabash County), mustered out June 16, 1565. Horton, William (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Henderson, George (Edwards County), mustered out Aug 2, 1865. Hudson, George W. (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, ’65. Hughs, James (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Hugo, William (Edwards County), died at Memphis May 15, 1863. Horton, James (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Ives, Charles (Edwards County), disch. June 13, 1863; disability. Long, Robert (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1864, Lowery, Isaiah (Wabash County), died at Memphis Mar. 16, 1863. Lucus, Abraham (Wabash County), trans. to V. R. C. June,17, 1864. Lance, Willi.m H. (Wabash County), mustered out June 16, 1865. McKibben, Manley (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865, McKibben, David (Edwards Co.), M. O. June 16, 1865, as corporal. McCreery, Manley (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Medler, Robert P. (Edwards Co.), trans. to V. R. C. Jan. 15, 1864. McCreery, William P. (Edwards Co.), mnstered out June 16, 1865. Moore, Samuel (Edwards County), died near Tyler, ‘Texas, while prisoner of war. Morris, Rufus (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. McKibben, Zebulon (Edwards County), died at Jetferson Barracks, Mo., Aug. 21, 1863. Neal, Thomas (Edwards County), died at Memphis Mar. 11, 1863. Orr, William (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Orr, Cunningham (Edwards Co.), disch. Mar. 3, 1864; disability. Park, E. L. awards County), died at Memphis May 19, 1863. Peter, Andrew (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865, Peck, Joseph (Wabash County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Riddens, James M.(Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Snowdall, Edward, Jr. (Edwards Co.), mustered out June 16, 1865. Snellen, William (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Smith, William, Jr. (Edwards Co,), M. O. June 16, 1865; was prsnr. Smith, George. Jr. (Edwards Fanny mustered out June 16, 1865, Spiuell, William R. (Edwards Co.), M. O. June 16, 1865; was prsnr. Thrash, Stephen S. (Wabash Co.), M. O. June 16, 1865, as corporal. Tait, John (Edwards County), M. O. June 16, 1865, as sergeant. Utiey, Robert W. (Edwards County), mustered out June 16, 1865. Vinson. John (Edwards Co.), discharged Aug. 8, 1883; disability. Wilkins, John (Edwards County), died at Memphis May 14, 1863. Willes, Charles (Edwards Co.), M. O. June 16, 1865; was prisoner, West, James, Jr. (Edwards Co.), M. O. June 16, 1865: was prisoner. West, Vliver (Edwards Co.), died at Warrenton, Miss., June 9, ’63. ea es James (Edwards County), died at Natchez, Miss., Dec. , 1864. Harris, Bedford (Edwards County), transferred to H 18 Ill. inftry. reorganized; mustered out Dec. 16, 1865. Harris, James T. (Edwards County), transferred to Co. H 18 IIl. infantry reorganized; absent sick at mustering out of regimt. Hall, Franklin C. (Edwards County), transferred to Co, H Ix Ill. infantry reorganized; absent sick at mustering out of regimt. Heatfield, James (Edwards County), killed at Williamsport, La. Sept. 16, 1864. Hutchins, Henry J. (Edwards County), transferred to Co. H 18 II. infantry ; discharged Sept. 19, 1865. Horton, Richard (Edwards County), transferred to Co. H. 18 IIl. infantry; mustered out Dec, 16, 1865. Oakley, Cyrus (Edwards Céunty). transferred to Co. H 18 III. in- fantry ; mustered out Dec. 16, 1865. Over, George (Edwards County), transferred to Co. H 18 Ill. in- fantry ; absent sick at mustering out of regiment. - Stanley, Charles (Edwards County), transferred to Co. H 18 Ill. infantry ; discharged July 9, 1865. Stewart, Alexander (Edwards County), transferred to Co. H 18 lll. infantry; discharged July 9, 1865. ; Tait, James M. or W. (Edwards County), died at Morganzia, La., July 1, 1864. Tribe, William B (Edwards County), transferred to Co. H 18 Ill. infantry; on detached service at mustering out of regiment. Waters, George (Edwards County), transferred to Co. H 18 Ill. in- fantry; mustered out Dee. 14, 1865. Weaver, Alexander (Edwards County), transferred to Co H 18 Ill. ey on detached service at mustering out of regiment. West, Robert N. (Edwards Couuty), transferred to Co. H 18 Lil. in- fantry ; discharged Aug. 25, 18u5. 152 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY K, Privates—Smith, Thomas (Edwards County), transferred to Co. D.- ecruits—Fowler, Silas M. ee County), transferred to Co. H. Orr, Alexander M. (Edwards County), transferred to Co. H. Orr, Alfred (Edwards County), transferred t) Co, H 18 infantry. Unassigned Recruits—Allison, Samuel (Wabash County), died at Camp Butler Mar. 13, 1864. Baker, Abram (Wabash County). Berry, Thomas H. (Wabash County). McKibbee, Luther E. (Edwards County), vet.-recruit, died at Camp Butler, April 1, 1864. 88th Infantry Regiment. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY I. Privates—Hilk, John H. (Lawrence County). Northen, William (Lawrence Co.), M. O. June 9, 1865, as corporal 91st Infantry Regiment.—Three Years’ Service. This regiment was organized by Col. H. M. Day, at Camp Butler, Illinois, and mustered in September 8, 1862. October 1, ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, and was assigned to duty guarding the L & N. railroad, in Gen. Gilbert’s division, on 27th December, 1862, at Elizabethtown, Kentucky. After an engagement the regiment was captured by Morgan, and, after being paroled, was sent to Benton Barrack, Mo. July 14th, having been exchanged, ariived at Vicks- burg, Miss., from there moved to Post Hudson and Carrollton, La., thence to New Orleans. Here the reg- iment was transfered to the First Brigade. Embarked October 22d, for Brownsville; took part in the captur- ing of the fort and city, and driving the enemy from that part of Texas; did garrison duty several months at Brazos, Santiago, and. New Orleans. The Ninety-first took an active part in the campaign, which resulted in the capture of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley, and caused the surrender of Mobile; had a sharp en- gagement with the enemy at Eight Mile creek, on the Tombigbee river; mustered out of service July 12, 1865, at Mobile, and on the 22d of July following at Camp But- ler, Illinois, received final payment and discharged. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY F. Captains—E\mus, Ryan, (Lawrence County), resigned Sept. 13, 1863. Thomas J. Baluwin, (Lawrence County), resigned Feb. 5, 1864. William W. Shepperd, (Lawrence County), M. O. July 12, 1865. First Lieutenants—Alfred H. Grass, (Lawrence Co.), resigned July 20, 1863. Thomas J. Tanquary, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 12, 1865. Second Lieutenants—Nathan B. Huff, (Lawrence Co.), resigned Sept. 13, 186%. C. M. Bosley, (Lawrence Co.),M.O (as sergt.), July 12, 65. Sergeant—Benjamin Rogers, (Lawrence Co.), d. at New Orleans, Noy. 19, ’63. Corporals—Thomas Rich, (Lawrence County). John T. Mills, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 12, 1865, as private. Alenene Monroe, (Lawrence Co.), died at Carrollton, La., Sept. 1, 1863. Hiram, Jones, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. “aly 12, 1865, as sergeant. Joseph Goslen, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 12, 1865, as private. Obadiah B. Webb, (Lawrence County), M. O. July 12, 1865. John Standfield, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Privates—Acres, John, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865, Allison, Warner, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Brunson, Alexander, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 12, 1865, ax corp. Barnett, Robert, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865, Brannan, Alexander D., (Lawrence County), M. 0. July 12, 1865, Barber, Eliphalet, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Boree, A. D., (Lawrence SOEs transferred to Company C, Coleman, Thomas, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 1%, 18665. Clark, Thomas, (Lawrence County), M. O. July 12, 1865, as sorgt. Cox, Edward ieee ance County), M. 0. July 12, 1865, as corporal, Cook, Samuel ., (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865, Collison, John W., (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 12, 1865, as corporal, Corrie, George H., (Lawrence County), mustered out May 10, 1865, Craft, William, (Lawrence County,) mustered ont July 12, 1868. Dennison, John, (Lawrence County), died at Brownsville, Texas April 28, 1864, Delong, Jacob, (Lawrence Co.), d. at Carrollton, La., Nov. 4, 1863. Delong, Jefferson, (Lawrence County), mustered ont July 12, 1865. Dixon, Theodore, (Lawrence Co.), d. at New Orleans, Feb, 13, 64. Dgpass Charles, (Lawrence County), died Brazos Santiago, T. ept. 13, 1864. Evins, John 8. (Lawrence County), sergeant, died Brazos Santiago, T., Sept. 13, 1864. Emmons, James C., (Lawrence Co.), d. at N. Orleans, Sept. 10, 63. Emmons, Charles, (Lawrence Co.), disch. Mar, 18, 1863, disability. Fitehey, William H., (Lawrence County), M. O. July 12. 1865. Funk, Gabriel M., (Lawrence Co.), disch. Mar. 18, 1863, disability. Funk, Thomas M., (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 65. Faith, Thomas J., (Lawrence ne Goff, Gadell, (Lawrence Co.), disch. Nov. 19, 1863; disability, 7 Grant, Elmer, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Greemore, Russell, (Lawrence Co.), disch. Nov. 20, 1862, di-ability. ureemore, Felix, (Lawrence County,) mustered out July 12, 1865, Harris, Alfred M., (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Hevill, Wallace, (Lawrence Co.), died while at home on furlough. Hensley, Marion, (Lawrence Co.), mustered out July 12, 1855. Hicks, Samuel F. M., (Lawrence County), transferred tu Co. H. Jrwin, William H., (Lawrence oan) mustered out July 12, ’65. Irisn, Stephen A., (Lawrence Co.), died at Brownsville, Texas, Apl. 1G, 1864, Jones, Lewis, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Jett, Joseph B., (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Jones, Abner, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Keniepp, Wm. M., (Lawrence County), mustered out May 30, 1865. Lacost, Ralph, (Lawrence Counry), mustered out July 12, 1865. Mallins, John H., (Lawrence County), M.O July 12. as corporal. Mosier, William D., (Lawrence County), died at Lawrenceville TIL, Nov. 15, 1865. McCarty, John, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. McKinley, Thomas ©., (Lawrence County), M. 0. July 12, 1865. Miller, William H., (Lawrence County), M. O. July 12, 1865. Murphy, Michael A., (Lawrence County), M. O. July 12, 1865. Mills, Henry P., (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Martin, Edmund. (Lawrence County), transferred to Company H. September 10, 1862; disch. March 7, 1864; disabirity. Norton, [ra C., (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 12, 1865, as sergeant. Peters, William, (Lawrence County), mustered out June 19, 1865. Peters, John, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Peck, Alexander, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865, Ramsey, Tobias, (Lawrence County), mustered out duly 12, 1865. Rich, William R., (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865, Rawlins, William W., (Lawrence County), died at Carrollton, La., Dee, 20, 1865. Rogers, Sylvester, (Lawrence County), M. O. July 12, 1865, as corp. Ruark, Hiram C., (Lawrence fou d. at New Orleans, Oct. 15, 1863. Shidler, Thos., (Lawrence Co.), disch. March 21, 1863; disability. Smith, John L., (Lawrence Cu.), d. at New Orleans, Sept. 19, 1863. Smith, George i, (Lawrence Co.), mustered out July 12, 1865. Shrader, Wm. M., (luaawrence Co ), M. O. July 12, 1865, as corporal. Shrefler, Daniel, (Lawrence County), died at Brazos Suntiago, Aug. 29, 1864. Seeds, Hugh James, (Lawrence Co.), M. O. July 12, 1865, as sergt. Titus, Thomas, (Lawrence County), mustered out June 23, 1865. Tugan, Paul prevmenes Co.), d. at Lawrenceville, Il., Jan. 4, 1863. Tugan, John B., (Lawren -e Co.), d. Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Aug. 1863. Thomas, Joseph, (Lawrence County), mustered out July 12, 1865. Valley, Peter F., parents County), M. O. July 12, 1865, as corp. Valley, Frank, (Lawrence County), died at Lawrenceville, IL, Jan. 4, 1863. Winship, Jos., (Lawrence County), disch. Mar. 24, 1863; disability. Wardell, Furman, (Lawrence County), died at New Orleans, Aug. 22, 1863. Recruits—Branson, David, (Lawrence Co.), transferred to Co. E, 28th IIL, mustered out Mar. 15, 1866. 115th Infantry.—Col Jesse H. Moore in command. This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Sept. 19 1862; ordered into the field October 4th following, and soon after became a part of the command of Gen. A.J. Smith. On the 18th of September, 1863, engaged the enemy upon the field at Chickamauga. The regi- ment participated in all the engagements around Chat- tanooga and Mission Ridge. It also formed a part of Sherman’s army in the Atlanta campaign. During the latter campaign the regiment lost about one hundred men. The 115th took part in the enga:ements, which, in November and December, 1864, resulted in the des- truction of Bragg’s army. This regiment made a gal- lant record during the war. June 11, 1865, mustered out of service and received final pay and discharge June 23, 1865, at Camp Butler, Illinois. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY C. Captain—David Williams (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Firat Lieutenants—Ephraim H. Kingery (Wabash Co.), resigned Sept. 7, °63. : John C, K, Youngken (Wabash Co), M. 0. June 11, 1865. First Sergeant— John S. Mundy (Wabash Co.), mustered out June 11, 1865. Sergeants~ John M. Brown (Wabash Co.), disch. April 10, 1865; disability. Hugh H. Fry (Lawrence Co.), disch. May 23, 1863 ; disability. Lewis Geisler (Wabash County), died near Knoxville, Tenn., : April 20, 1864, by falling from car. ReLpeete a oeaee be Buodes Hi vetsced. out June I, 1865, a8 sergeant. iam Lanterman (Lawrence Count: i t i Feb. 8, 1868, ( y), died at Danville, Ky., Edwin Ridgley (Wabash Co.), M. O. June 11, 1865, as sergeant. George T. Kelsey (Wabash Co.), disch. May 7, 1863; disabilitv. Hamilton Hinkle (Edwards County), died at Richmond, Ky., Dec. 29, 1862. Frederick Gadde (Edwards County), killed at Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1863. Moses Duty (Wabash Co.), died at Nashville, Tenn., Apr. 2, 1863, a Richard Utter jv ebash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Musicians—Henry Gard (Wabash County), M. 0. June 11, 1865: pris. of war, : Joseph Shearer (Wabash County), mustered out May 18, 1865, Wagoner—John Mull (Wabash County), M. 0. June 11, 1865, as private. Privates—Brown, Wilber F. (Edwards County), died at Chattanooga Oct, 14, 1863; wounds. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Brines, Franklin (Wabash County), transferred to Co. A 21 III. infantry; mustered out Dee. 16, 1865, Baxter, James H. (Wabash Co ), dixch. Aug. 4, 1868; disability. Barrier, Abraham (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865, Barninger, Abel (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Borough, J. G, (Lawrence County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Baird, Franklin (Wabash County), mustered out June 16, 1865, Crowell, Seneca W. (Wabash Co.), traus. to V. R. ©. April 30, 1864, Campbell, Frazie A. (Lawrence County), discharged Nov. 3, 1863, as corporal; disability. Canady, James M. (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865, Clines, William (Waba-h County), mustered out June 11, 13865, Clodfelter, Allen 1 Edwards County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Clodfelter, Emanuel (Edwards County), trans. to Eng. Corps Aug, 24, 1864. Dell, John (Wabash County), disch Mar. 23, 1863; disability. Freeman, Thomas J. (Wabash County), died at Chattanooga Oct. 16, 1863 ; wounds. Freeman, Wallace A. (Wabash Co.), M. O. June 11, 1865, as corpl. Forman, Samuel (Lawreu Sees mustered out June 11, °65. Gard, Charle~ (Wabash Co,), disch. June 18, 1863 ; di-ability, Gillespie, John (Lawrence County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Glick, John (Wabash Co.), died at Shell Mound, Tenn., Dec. 5, ’63. Gould, William H. (Wabash County), on detached duty; mus- tered out June 22, 1865. Hill, Aaron (Wabash County), died in Andersonville prison Sept. 15, 1864; No. of grave, 8830 Hallack, John (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865, Higgins, George H. (Wabash Co.), M, O. June 11, 1865, as corporal. Higgins, John tWabesh County), mustered out June LI, 1865, Hart, John W. (Wabash Co.), disch. June 18, 1863; disability. Hinebaugh, Jacob (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Howell, Jasper (Wabash Co.), disch. May 7, 1863; disability. Hammaker, John (Wabash Co.), disch. April 6, 1863; disability. Hill, Joho W. (Lawrence County), mustered out June 11, 1805, Kronemiller, Jacob (Wabash Co.), mustered out June 11, 1865. care ede (Wabash County), disch. Mar. 19, 1863, as corporal ; i-ability. Litherland, William J. (Wabash Co.), mustered out June 11, 1865. Litherland, George W. (Wabash Co.), mustered out June 11, 1865. Lindsey, Benjamin (Lawrence County), died at Triune, Tenn., June 22, 1863. Miller, William S. (Wabash County), died at Danville, Ky., Jan. 24, 1863. Mull, Richard (Wabash Co.), died at Richmond, Ky., Jan. 4, 1863. Miller, Moses J. (Wabash Co.), disch. June 18, 1863; disability. Myers, George (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865, Miller, James W. (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Markman, Christian (Wabash County), mustere i out June 11, °65. Markman, William (Wabash County), mustered «ut June 11, °65. Nunly, Absalom (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865, Price, Gecrge B, {Wabash County), M. O. May 12, 1865; wounds, Pixley, Edward (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Pickering, Joseph M. (Lawrence Co.). mustered out June 11, ’65. Peters, Nicholas (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865 Posey, Lane W. (Wabash County), disch. July 18,1863; disability. Ramsey, Jacob (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865, Runyon, Lewis (Wabash Co.), M. OU, June 11, 1865, as corporal. Reel, David 8. (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Rupper, Christopher (Wabash Co.), mustered out June 11, 1865. Rigg, William V. (Wabash Co.). t ans. to Eng. Corps, July 8, 1864. Rigg, Daniel B.( Wabash Co.), M. O. June 11, 1863, as corporal. Rose, John D. (Wabash County), mu-tered out June 11, 1865. Riber, Andrew (Lawrence Co.), trans. to V. R. C. Sept. 1, 1863. Rose, Reuben G. (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Rigg, Edward D. (Wabash County). mustered out June 11, 1865. Shoarer, G. C. ( -abash County), M. O. June 11, 1865, as sergeant. Shoaff, John (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Stone, Thomas (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Shepard, Albert (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865, Shearer, Joseph (Wabash Co.), M. U. June 11, 1865, as corporal. Sharp, Jasper (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Turner, Gilbert H. (Wabash County), mustered out June 11, 1865. White, Franklin L. (Wabash Co.), disch. April 25, 1863 ; disability. Williams, John H. (Lawrence County), discharged June 15, 1864, as sergeant; wounds. . A ee EA Wright, David M. (Wabash Co.), disch, April 23, 1863 ; disability. Wood, Niles A. (Wabash Co.), died at Lexington, Ky., Nov. 23, '63. Wiley, James (Wabish County), mustered out June 11, 1865. Warner, Benj. F. (Lawrence Co.), M. O. June 11, 1865, as corporal. Youngken, John C. K. (Wabash County), pro. Com.-Sergt. ; pro. Ist Lieut. Co. C. | : Recruits—Armstrong, Ephraim (Wabash County), died at Tunnell Hill, Ga., Oct. 24, 1864, Hare, Thomas (Wabash County), transferred to 21 Ill.; mustered out Dec, 16, 1865. f Nunly, John (Wabash Co.), transferred to 21 Ill. vet.-recruits ; mustered out Dec. 16, 1845. 124th Regiment Infantry. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY K. Frivates—Morgan, Maxwell W. (Edwards County), disch. Nov. 15, 1863, as corporal; wounds, ie | Phillips, Edward (Edwards County), missing near Canton, Miss., Feb. 28, 1864. Rabe, John (Edwards Co ), died at Lagrange, Tenn.. Jan, 21, 1863. Tilley, John D. (Edwards Uo.), disch. Dec. 13, 1863 ; disability. Thompson, D. B. (Edwards Co.), M. 0. Aug. 15, 1865, as corporal. One Hundred and Thirtieth Infantry.—Three Years’ Service. The 130th regiment, Illinois volunteers, was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, October, 1862, by Colonel Nathaniel Niles, and was mustered in on the 25th of the same month. The regiment moved from Camp Butler, Nov. 10th, 20 153 and proceeded to Memphis, Tennessee, where it arrived on the 18th instant. It was mustered out of service Aug. 15th, 1865, at New Orleans, Louisiana, and reached Camp Butler, October 26, 1865, where it received final payment and discharge. Quartermasters,—Silas J. Stiles (Lawrence County), died at Memphis, Ten™ nes-ee, Dec. 19, 62. Heury H. Harrington (Wabash Co.), mustered out. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF, Commissary Sergeant.—Jared W. Crampton (Lawrence County), mustered out Jan. 25, °65. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY G, P; ivates.— Wharton, Joseph H. (Lawrence Co.), trans. to Co. I. Watts, John C. (Lawrence Co.}, trans. to Co. I. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY 4H. Sergeant.—Absalom Banks (Lawrence Co.), trans. to Co. B., 77 IIL, retrans. to 130, as revived, mustered out June 17, ’65, pris. war. Corporal.—Anderson, Kenard (Wabash County), died at Memphis, Tenn., Feb. 14, 1863. Privates.—Austin, Stephen P. (Wabash County), died at Milliken’s Bend April 12, 1862. Banks, John A. a Co.), transferred to 77, retransferred to 130, as consolidated, mustered out June 17, ’65, pris. war. Beals, James H. (Wabash Co.), Brown, William H. (Wabash Co.), transferred to 77 and retrans- terred to 130 as consolidated, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Burton, William W. (Wabash Co.), transferred to 77, retrans- ferred to 130 as consolidated, M. OU. June 17, ’65, prisoner war. Glick, George H. (Wabash Co.), transferred t) 77, retransferred to 1230 as consolidated, mustered out July 20, 65. Harville, Thomas C. (Wabash Co.), transferred to 77, retrans- ferred to 130 as consolidated, M. O. June 17, ’65, prisoner war. Jones, Thomas eee Co.), transferred to 77, retransferred to 130 as consolidated, mustered out June 17, 65, prisoner war. Knowles, Cornelius (Wabash Co.), died at Memphis, Mar. 12, ,63. Kramer, Lewis W. (Wabash Co.), transferred to 77, retrans- ferred to 130 as consolidated, mustered out June 17, pris. war. Lucas, George W. (Wabash Co.) discharged for disability. Moyer, William H. (Wabash Co.). Pierce, joseph C. (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77, retrans- ferred (o 120 as consolidated, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Samoniel, Frank (Wabash Co.), trans. to 77, retrans. to 130. Slater, George W. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Jan. 28, ’63, disability. Stetfey, Martin L. (Wabash Co.), transferred to 77, retransferred to 130 as consolidated, mustered out June 17, 65, prisoner war. Stein, John (Wabash Co.). transferred to 77, retransf-rred to 130 as consolidated, mustered out Aug. 15,’65. Thomas, William H. (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77, retrans- ferred to 130 as consolidated, mustered out Aug. 15, ’65. Wirth, Thomas A. (Wabash Co.). Worley, Francis (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77, retransferred to 130 as consolidated, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Warren, Thomas B. (Wabash Co.), transferred to 77, retrans- ferred to 130 as e msolidated, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Young, Charles (Wabash Co.), disch, April 14, 1863, disability. Recruits.—Banks, Benjansll S. (Lawrence Co.). died at Memphis May 22, 63 W’nds. Bryan, Jones (Lawrence Co.). MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. Captain.—John W. Watts (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 IIl., retrans. to . 130as consolidated, honorably disch. May 27, ’U5, as Capt. Co. E. Second Liewtenant.—Wilson J. Neill (Lawrence Co.), trans. to 77 IIL, retrans- to 130 as consulidated, M. O. as Capt. Co. A Aug. 15, 65. First Sergeant—John B. Crawford (Lawrence Co.), tran. to 77 IIl., retran. : t) 130 as consolidated, M. O. F. Srgt. Co. D June 17, 1865. Sergeants.—John M. C. ‘sordon (Lawrence Co.), disch. Mar. 15, ’65, disahil’y. James W. Turner (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77, retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out Jun = 17, 1865. Calel Hoops (Lawrence Co.). | Corporals.—Patrick H. Gordon (Lawrence Co.), Disch. Feb. 1, °63, disability. John Stivus (Lawrence Co.), wounded at Vicksburg May 12, ’65. Samuel L. Brown (Lawrence Co.), disch. Feb. 1,65, disability. John S. Abells Lawrence Co.), aischarged Feb. 1, °65, disability. Schuyler Sumner (Lawrence Co.), transferred to Co. I 77, re- transferred to 130, mustered out Aug. 14, 1865. Pleasant Umphleet (Lawrence Co.). transferred to Co. I 77, re- transferred to 130, mustered out June 17. 1865, prisonor war. * Musicians.—George W. Ramsey (Lawrence Co.), transferred to Ill. 77, re- transferred to 130, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. Francis A. Bonner (Lawrence Co), wounded, tranferred to R. R. 6 Jan. 23, 1864. Wagoner.—Henry V. Bass (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 IIL, retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, as corporal. Privates.—Arnold, Jacob (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 Il, retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out June 17, prisouer war. Bishop, Benjamin F. (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 IIl., re- iraustferred to 130, mustered ont June 17, prisoner war. Bowman, Henry (Lawrence Co.), trans. to 77, M. O. May 15, 1865. Bellis, Philip (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 IIL, retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out June 17, 1865, prisoner war. Barnes, John H. (Lawrence Co.), tran. to V. R. C. Feb. 23, 1864, Brown, Robert A. (Lawrence Co.). | : Bourn, Ransford (Lawrence Co.), died at Memphis Dec. 21, 1862. Bell, George A. (Lawrence Co.), discharged Sept. +, 1863. Cravens, Riley (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 Ill., retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out June 17, 1865, prisoner war. Edwards, John L. (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 IIL, retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out June 17, 1855. : . Fowle", Matthew D. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Feb. 1,63, disability. Goudy, Joseph (Lawrence Co.), tran. to 77 Ill, M. O. Aug. 14, °05. 154 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Goff, Joseph J. (Lawrence Co,), disch. Jan. 18, 1863, disability. Grimes, Thomas (Lawrence Co.), tranferred to 77 Ill, retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out June 17, 1865, prisoner war. Grifhth, Thomas (Lawrence Co.), disch. April 8, 1863, disability. Henry, Edward J. (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 IIl., retrans- ferred to 140, mustered out June 17, 1464, prisoner war. Herrin, Alexander (Lawrence Co ), transferred to 77 Ll.,retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Johnson, Milton B. (Lawrence Co.), disch. April 11,1863, disabil’y. Judy, John F, (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 Ill, retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out June 17, 1865, prisoner war. Lindsey, William (Lawrence Co.), transferred to 77 IIL, retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out Aug. 14, 1805, Malone, Benj. PF. (Lawrence Co.), disch, Feb. 1, 1863, disability. Myrrax, James (Lawrence Co.,), died at Memphis, Dec, 26, 1862. Musgrove, James P. (Lawrence County), transferred to 77 1. re-transferred to 130 UL, M. 0. June 17, 1865; pris. of war. Mathews, Jonathan W. (Luwreuce County), disch. Oct. Ist, 1863. Piper, James A. (Lawrence County), transferred to 77 IIL, re- ‘ transferred to 130, mustered out August 15, 1865, Ramsey, Aaron (Lawrence County), transferred to 77 IIL, re-trans- ferred to 140, mustered out Augitst 15, 1865. Rose, Isaac J. (Lawrence County), tfansterred to 77 TL, retrans- ferred to 130, mustered out June 17, 1865; prisoner of war. Sumner, Smiley (Lawrence Co,), disch, Feb. 7, 1863; disability. Shaw, William H. H. (Lawrence County), trans, to 77 Ill. Beyoe, William V. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Feb. 1, 1865; disability. Stivers, Moses (Lawrence County), transferred to 77 Ill. Smith, Diseh. (Lawrence Co.), disch. Jan, 18,.1863; disability. Sumner, Benj. (Lawrence County) disch. Jan. 4, 1864; disability, Scaggs, James (Lawrence County), discharged Sept. 17, 1863. Scaggs, Thos. (Lawrence (o.), trans. to 77 LIL, dis. June 5, 1865. Scaggs, John (Lawrence County), transferred to 77 Ill., re-trans- ferred to 130, mustered out June 17, 1865; prisoner of war. Umphleet, Jarvis J. (Lawrence County), transferred to 77 Ill, re- transferred to 130, mustered out June 17, 1865. Recruits—Wharton, Joseph W. (Lawrence County), transferred to 77 IIL, re-transferred to 130, mustered out June J7, 1865. 135th Regiment Infantry.—One hundred days’ service, MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. Second Lieutenant—Peter Jones, (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. Musician—William H. Seed, (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. Wagoner—Joseph A. J, Black, (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. Privates—Binnier, William H. (Lawrence Co.). mustered out Sept. 28, 1864, Cochran, James (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. Davis, John W. (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. Lewis, David (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. Loper, James (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. MeGaughey, Daniel F. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. <8, 64. Myers, Alfred J. (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864, Musgrove, Royal C. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. Ryan, James (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. Thompson, James W. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 28,64. Wilbor, John (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 28, 1864. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY G. Captain—James St. Clair, (Edwards Connty), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. Captains—W illiam H. Jones, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864, Fist Lientenaut—Theoren Gould, (Edwards County), M. O. Oct. 22, 1864. Second Lieutenant—Altred Mayo, (Edwards County), M. 0. Oct. 2z, 1864. Furst Sergeant—Edward Stewart, (Edwards County), M. O. Oct, 22, 1864. Sergeants—Moses Su.ith, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. William Svutt, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864, Henry Woods, (eamends County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Abe, Penfold, (Edwards County), absent sick at M. O. of regt., M. O. Dec. 3, to date Oct. 22, 1864. Corporals—Charles Clark, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Thomas J. Chism, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864, t Elias Clark, (Edwards County), M. O. Ort. 22, 1864, as private. William Boot, (@dwards County). mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Joel Bunting, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. James Bill, (Edwaids County), mustered out Ort. 22, 1864, Harry Dalby, (dwards County), mustered out Uct. 22, 1804. Lewis A. Michaelx, (Pawards Counts ), mustered out Oct, 22, 1864, Musicians—James RK. Shelby, (awards County.) M. Oct. 22, 1864, as private. George Stanley, (fdwards Connty,) M. Oct. 24, 184, as private. Wagoner—W illiam F. Robinson, (Edwards County), M. O. Ovt, 22 as private, Privutes—Armbers, George L., (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864, Burrell, Robert, (M@dwards County), mustered cut Oet, 22, 1x64, Batson, John, (hdwards County), mustered ont Oct, 22, 1X64, Beagley, William, (Edwards County), mustered out Jet. 22, 1864. Bunting, Phinese, (fdwards County), mustered out Oct. 2Z, sid, Benson, Leroy, (fdwards County), mustered ont Ol. 22, 1864, Burkett, Samuel, (edwards County), mustered out Oet, 22, 1x64, Baker, Simpson, (Mdwards County), mustered out Ort, 22, txb4, Bowers, William, (dwards County), absent siel at M.O. of regt. Crome, James, (Kdwards County), mustered ott Qer, 22, 186d, Crome, William, (Edwards County), muetered out Oct, 22, 864, Drusy, Barnett, (edwards County), mustercd ont Oet, 22, 1a6d, Ellis, Charles, (Edwards County) mntustered out Ovt, 22, 1864. Franklin, George, (dwards county), M. O, Oct. zz, 1864, as eorpl, Ferrieman, John C., (Edwards County), nitscered ont Oet. 22, 4. Fewks, William, ees comity), mustered ont Oet, 22, X64, Green, William M., (Kdwards Co.), inustered out Oct. 22, 18lid. Gould, Charles, (Edwards Co.), died at Columbus, Ky., Sept. 1, 64, Gawthorp, Robert, (H#dwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864, Harwick, Edmund 13., (Edwards County), M. 0. Oct. 24, 1864, Hocking, Peter, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 2%, 1864, Hopkins, James, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Hugo, Edward, (Edwards (0,), died at Columbus, Ky., July 30, ‘64, Horton, James, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct, 22, 1864. Johnson, Engene, (Edwards County), mustered out Vet. 22, 1864, Johns, George W., (Edwards Connty), mustered out Oct. 22. 1864, Kimale, Louis A., (Edwards Connty), mustered ont Vet. 22, 1864, Long, Samuel, (Edwards County ), niustered out Oct. 22, 1864. McKibbon, Dwizht Aen County), mastered out Oct. 22, '64, McCullom, Daniel, ( Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Melrose, Gibson, (Edwards County), must: red out Oct. 22, [x4 McCullom, William, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 64, Over, William, (Edwar: s County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Orr, Albert, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22 1864, Powell, Anson, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Reed, G. Charles, (Edwards County), died at Columbus, Ky., Aug. 12, 1864, Reed, Richard, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Rice, Cyrus M., (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Shelby; David, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Shelby, William, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Stanley, Luther, (Edwards County), died at Columbus, Ky., July 21, 1864. Scott, Thomas J., (Edwards County), died at Columbus, Ky., July 27, 1864. Summerfield, Charles F., (Edwards Co ), M. O. Oct 22, 1864. Sheppard, Thomas, (Edwards County), mustered out dct. 22, 1864. Buel ine, James K,, (Edwards County;, mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Watson, Silas H., (Edwards County), died at Columbus, Ky,, July 19, 1864. Woods, Franklin, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864, Wode, Thomas, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Williams, James, (Edwards County), mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. One Hundred and Fifty-Second Infantry. This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, by Col. F. D. Stephenson. Mustered, Feb. 18, 1865, for one year. Feb. 20, ordered to Tullahoma, Tenn., and became part of Gen. Millroy’s command. The regiment was mustered out, Sept. 11, 1865, at Memphis. Ordered to Camp Butler, there received pay and dis- charge. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY F. Second Lieulenant—Wright, Bunting (Edwards Co.), M. O. Sept. 11,’65, as serg- First Sergeant—Job T. Johnson, (Edwards County), absent sick since July 6, 18n5; reduced to sergeant. Sergeant—Jonathan McKibben, (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Samuel A. Rothrack, (Kdwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Samuel P. Walk, (Edwards Co.), M. O. Sept. 11, 1865, as private. Corporale—Henry J. McKibben, (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. George Pixley, (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Edmond Roat, (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. William Schotield, (Edwards Co.), absent sick at M. O. ef Regt. Wesley Bond, (Edwards Co.), died at Nashville, Tenn., Jury 11,’65. Peter ecsnew, Edwards County), mystered ont Sept. 11, 1965. William Curtis, (eeengs County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Harrison Rigg, (Edwards County). mustered out July 22, 1865. Musicians—Andrew L. Hedrick, (Edwards Co.), niustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Peter Hammaker, (Edwards Co.), M. VO. Sept. 11, 1865, as privt. Wagoner—Peter P. Pierce, (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Privates—Byers, Francis W. (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, '65. Borrell or Barnett, Robert (Edwards County), absent sick at muster out of Regiment. Cory, Thomas W. (Edwards County), died at Tullahoma, Tenn., March 17, 1865. Cooper, James M. (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Clark, William (Edwards County), on furlough since Aug. 6, 1865. Curtis, George (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1805. Courtricht, John (Edwards Cuunty), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Clodfelter, Samuel D. (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Emmerson, Allen (Edwards County), mustered ont Sept. 11, 1865. Fields, Joseph (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. U1, 1865, Fiverston, Edwin (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Garner, E:ijah jocarle County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Glade, Henry (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. LI, 1865. Gawthorpe, Joseph (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11,'65. Glover, Alfred (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 185, Green, James (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865, Harms, Henry (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Hollomam, Hiram (E:lwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, '65, Hill, William (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Huey, Jacob (Mdwards County), died at Tullahoma. Knattee, Otte (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865, MeClnre, Alex. H. (Edwards Co.), M. ©. Sept. 11, 1865, as Ist serg. MeWay, dames ee ards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. MeKay, Stark (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Matthes, Charles (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Marks, Joseph (Vdwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Mathus or Matson, Thomas (Kdwards Co.), M. OQ. Sept. 11, 1865. Moody, John (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Nading, John (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Nading, Samuel (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Nading, Jacoh (Edwards Connty), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Over, James IL. (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Orr, Noble (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Pollard, John A. (Edwa,ds County), absent sick at M. O. of Regt. Powell, Anson (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Rice, Willa S. (Edwards County), mustered out July 31, 1865. Quigley, Jasper or Joseph (Edwards County), died at Tullahoma, Toun., March 29, 1865, Reever Elias (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865, Rice, Clayhorn (Edwards County), musician, absent sick at mus- ter out of Regiment. Rotramel, Henry F. (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Rich, Elias (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Rothrack, William H. (fdwards County), died at Nashville, Tenn., May 1, 1805, Rydons, John W. (Edwards County), mustered out Sept 11, 1866. Robinson, Henry (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Rothrock, Henry F. (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Sloan, Morris G. (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Shelby, James R. (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Shelby, Wm, B. (Kdward+ County), absent sick at M. O. of Regt. Steele, Arthur (Edwards ence mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Shaw, William (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCB AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 155 Tomlinson, James (Edwards County), mustered out July 10, 1865, Taylor, Wm. or James (Edwards Co.), mustered out July 25, 1865. Valette, Wm, P. (Edwards County), mustered out May 24, 1865. West, Charles G. (Edwards County). mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. West, John S. (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. Weaver, Jas. M. (Edwards Coanty), mustered out ept. I1, 1865. Williams, Jas. C. (Edwards Connty), mustered out Sept. 1!, 1865, Willis, Henry (Edwards County), mustered out Sept. 11. 1865. Wood, Charles (Edwards County), mustered out May 31, 1862. 154th Infantry. This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, February 21, 1865, under the call of December 19, 1864 Ordered to the front and reached Louisville, Ky., Feb. 24th, thence to Nashville on the 27th, and on March 2d, moved on to Murfreesboro, where they remained until May 15. The regiment participated in no battles, but, occasionally, had slight skirmishes, Sept. 18, 1865. The regiment was mustered out at Nashville, Teun , and ordered to Springfield, Illinois, for final payment and discharge, which took place, Sept. 29th, 1865. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY E, First Lieutenant—James H. Wright (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. Second Lieutenant—Geo. B. Danforth (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865" First Sergeant—Harvey W. Wright (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865, Sergeant—John B. Rich (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Corporals—James C. Severns (Lawrence Co.1, M. O. Sept. 18, 1865; as sergt. William N. Colton (Lawrence County), M. 6. May 22, 1865, William H. Fillkeey (Wabash County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. John Highsmith (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. John L. Ridgley, (Lawrence County) M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. Benjamin 8. Moore (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. Musician—John Jackman (Lawrence County), M. O. Aug. 23, 1865, as priv’t Wagoner—John R. Hazelton (Edwards County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865, as pv’t. Privates—Allen, William F. (Lawrence County), M. 0. Sept. 18, 1864, Allen, Otho W. (Lawrense County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Albon, Oscar (Wabash Co.), M. O. Aug. 5, 1865, to date July 29, 65. Akers, James J. (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Brothers, Benjamin (Lawrence County ). Brothers, William (Lawrence County). Brown, Leander, (Lawrence County). mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Blankenship, Craven (Lawrence County). Bickle, John (Lawrence Co.), died at Nashville, Tenn., May 29, 65. Conover, Isaac (Lawrence Co.), d. at Murfreesboro, ‘l’., May 4, ’65. Cochran, William B. (Lawrence County), M. O. May 22, 1865. Cozine, Richard J. (Wabash County), mustered out May 22, 1865. Day, Francis M. (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865, Gaddv, William W. (Wabash County). Heath, Rubert (Léwrence Co.), M_O. Sept. 11, 1855, as corporal. Highsmith, James M. (Lawrence County). M. O. Aug. 25, 1865. Higgins, Harvey (Lawrence Co.), died at Murfreesboro, T., April 14, 1865. Hawkins, James K. P. (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. Hoffman, John (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Jones, Samuel (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 865. Jackman, Aaron R. (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. Laughlin, John (Lawrence County), mustered out June 19, 1865. Laughlin, William (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1863. Laird, George W. (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. Lewis, James (Lawrence County). Moore, Archibald P. (Lawrence County), M. O, Sept. 18, 1865. Moore, Tilford aes County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Moore, Archibald (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Moore, Jonathan (Lawrence County), died at Murfreesboro, T., April 24, 1865. Myers, Preston (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Mc Fetridge, John (Lawrence County), died at Murfreesboro, T., April 4. 1865. : MeFetridge, William H. (Lawrence County), died at boro, 'T., May 7, 1865. MeGaughey, Daniel F. (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. MeGoon, John (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Potts, Joseph (Lawrence County), absent sick at M. O. of regt. Pittman, Bernard C. (Lawrence County), absent with leave since Aug. 25, 1865. : Patton, John D. (Lawrence County), mustered out July 31, 1865. Putnam, Lafayette (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 20, ’65. Ridgley, Harrison Q. (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18 1865. Rich, George P. (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Shick, Robert F. (Lawrence County), absent sick at M. O. of regt. Shults, Samuel (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Westmorland, John (Lawrence County), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865. Witters, John (Lawrence County) mustered out May 22, 1865. Murfrees- 4 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY G. Second Lieutenant—Jacob Tucker (Lawrence County), mustered out (as sergeant) Sept. 18, 1865. Corporal—Charles Row (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Privutes—Blattner, Henry (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Deremiah, Henry (Lawrence Co.), M. O. Sept. 18, 1865, as corpl. Kenig, William (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Ostendorf, Henry (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Obermueller, Joke (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, °65. Row. Francis M. (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Tucker, George (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 1865. Takke, Christopher (Lawrence County), mustered out Sept. 18, 65. 155th Infantry Velunteers. Was organized and mustered in at Camp Butler, Illinois, Feb. 28th, 1865, for one year, by Colonel Gustavus A. Smith. On March 2d, the regiment—964 strong— moved, via Louisville and Nashville, to Tullahoma, Tenn., reported to Gen. Milroy, and was assigned to the command of General Dudley. June 17th, the regiment was divided into detachments of twenty or thirty men each, and did guard duty on the Nashville and Chat- tanooga railroad, occupying the block-houses from Nash- ville to Duck river, a distance of fifty miles. Sept. 4th, the regiment was mustered out of service, and moved to Camp Butler, Illinois, wkere it received final pay and discharge. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY B. Privat.s.—Armer, John (Lawrence Co). Addison, Aaron (Lawrence (’o.), must. out Sept. 4, 1865, as Sergt. Davis, William (Lawrence Co.), must. out Sept. 4, 1865, as Sergt. ee Jas. R. (Lawrence Co.), died at Tullahoma, Tenn., May , 1865. Lee, Francis M. (Lawrence Co), died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., ~ Aug. 16, 1865. Lee, Charles E. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 4, 1865. Tinsley, William N. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 4, 1865. Woods, John (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 4, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY C. Privates—Cook, Thomas (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 4, 1865. Gassert, Henry (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 4 1865. Moure, John (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept, 4, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY E. Privates—Baughman, Oliver (Edwards Co.), mustered out Sept. 4, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A. Privates —Bucklin, Sylvester (Lawrence (Co.), mustered out Sept. 20, 1865. Godrich, Charles B. (Lawrence Co.),mustered out Sept. 20, 1865. Hayworth, William (lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 20, 1865. Noble, Lewis G. (Lawrence Co.), died at Memphis Aug. 8, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY F. Musicians.—George C. Grimes (Lawrence Co.), M. O. Aug. 25, 1865, as Sergt. Laybourn, Benj. (Lawrence Co.), absent sick at M. O. of Regt. Lawness, Isaac C. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Sept. 20, 1865. Loomis, Defariet (Lawrence Co.). mustered out Sept. 20, 1863, 136th Regiment Indiana Volunteers. The following named parties enlisted in this regiment from Wabash county, Illinois: J. T. Burkett, Company H, 136th Indiana Vols. James Parkinson, Co. H, 136th Indiana Vols. James H. Beall, Co. H, 186th Indiana Vols. Wm. P. Habberton, Co. H, 136th Indiana Vols. James H. Bell, Co. H, 136th Indiana Vols. 8. b. Greer, Co. H, 136th Indiana Vols. Thomas Sharp, Co. H, 136th Indiana Vols. Wm. Turner, Co. H, 136th Indiana Vols. L. M. Turner, Co. H, 136th Indiana Vols. M. L. Tilton, Co. C, 136th Indiana Vols. Stephen Williamson, Co. C, 136th Indiana Vols. Jno. Voll, Co. C, 136th Indiana Vols. Christian Walter, Co. A. 136th Indiana Vols. Mack H. Moyer, Co. F, 136th Indiana Vols. Cavalry Service—4th Cavalry Regiment. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A. Recruits—Bellows, Wm. H. (Lawrence Co.), transf to Co. G, 12th Ill. Cav. mustered out Oct. 11, 1865. Karney, Patrick. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out May 22, 1865. Parkins, James H. (Lawrence Co.), transf to Co. G, 12th Ill, Cav. Mustered out Oct. 11th, 1865. 5th Cavalry Regiment. This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Nov. 8, 1861. Ordered to Jefferson barracks, Mo., February 20, 1862. March 3d, reached Pilot Knob. On the 29th of June following became a part of General Curtis’ command. Also, took part in the fight at Cotton Plant, and the expedition to Duvall’s Bluff, and engaged in the pursuit of Marmaduke. In July was with Sher- man’s army at Jackson, Miss. Was in the expeditions to Meridian, Canton, Grenada and the Yellow Bush. 156 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE, AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Participated in the battles and skirmishes at Browns- ville, Port Gibson, Natchez and Tonica Bend. In ’64 was in an expedition to Arkansas and Louisiana. Sta- tioned for a time at Hempstead, Texas. Ordered to Springfield, Ils. Was mustered out, receiving final pay- ment, Oct. 30, 1865, MUSTER ROLL COMPANY PF. Veterans.—Karns, John R. (Lawrence Co.) must. out Oct. 21, '65, ax Sergt. Recruits.—Hendrick , George (tdwards Co.) must. out May il, 8865. Snider, John (Lawrence Co.) mustered out Oct. 21, "1866. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY G. Recruits—Edmundson, William (Lawrence Cc). MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. Recruits. ane Johnson (Edwards Co.), died Camp Butler, Ill., Feb, 28, Bud. dint, William (Lawrence Co.) MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. Recruits—Andrews, Jno. (lamrenes Co.), Corp). transf.to V.R.C. May.15, 65 Buchannan, Jareph R. (Lawrence Co.), must. out Oct. 27, 1865, Chapel, Philo N (Lawrence Co.). mustered out Oct. 27, 1805. Derrermes, Louis (Lawrence (o.), mustered out Uct. 21, 1865. Drennan, Benj. (Lawrence Co.), died at Vicksburg ‘Aug. 31, 1864. Eaton, Alonzo (Lawrence Co.), Discharged July 25, 1864. Edmundson, Jas. E. (Lawrence Co.), died at Vicksburg Aug. 8,64. England, Jetterson (Lawrence Co.), died at Vicksburg Oct. 10, 64. Garrison, Manchester, )Lawrence Co.), must. out Oct. 27, 1865. Kelley, Thomas J. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Oct. 27, 1865. Litherland, George (Wabash Co.), mustered out May 31, 1865. Litherdand, John (Wabash Pet died at Vicksburg Oct, 8, 1864, Mieure, Chas. (Lawrence Co.), died Lawrenceville, Ill., Mar. 4,'63. Orr, Jesse F. (Lawrence Co.), ‘mustered out May 13. 1805 Patterson, George (Wabash Co.), mustered out Oct. 27, 1865. Pelkey, Joseph Lawrence Co.), mustered out Oct. 27, 1865. Potvine, Chas. (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Oct 27, 1865. Patterson, Wm. (Wabash Co.), died at Vicksburg March 28, 1864. Paeper, Cl arles (Lawrence Co). Quick, John (Lawrence Co.), mustered out Oct. 27, 1865. Ramsey, James E. (Wabash Co.), must. out Oct. 27. 1865, as Corpl. Racine, Henry (Lawrence Co.), died at Memphis Marcn 18, 1864. Smither James (Wabash Co ), died at Vicksburg Nov. 5, 1864, Tugans, Pe awrence Co.), mustered out May 24, 1865, Utter, Henry (Lawrence Co.). mustered out Oct. 27, ’65, as Corpl. Warren, William (Wakash Co.), must. out Oct. 27, 1865, as Sergt. UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. Coffman, Leander (Lawrence Co). Do an, John (Lawrence Co). Edmison, ee awrence Co). Southerland, Asa (Lawrence Co). Smithers, Louis Ml (Lawrence Co). Adjutant.—Sylvanus Gard (Edwards Co.), resigned Aug. 29, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY E. First Liewtenant.—Jos. Frazier (Edwards Co.), mustered out Nov. 5, 1865. Secont Li utenant—FElijah G. Tarpley (Lawrence Co). , First Sergeant.—Arthur St. Clair (Edwards Co ), vet., must. out Nov. 5, 1865. Ser eun(.—Jefferson Spray (Edwards Co.), veteran. ‘Corporuls—James Curtis (Edwards Co. ), vet., died at Mound City, Ill. May 15, 1855. David Great house (Edwards Co). Furrter.—Chas. E. Marks (Edwards Co.), mustered ont Jan. 4, 1865. Privates.—Asa, James (Edwards Co.), mustered out Jan. 4, 1865. Brock, William (Edwards Co). Blakely, Thomas (Edwards Co.), died at Memphis Oct. 7. 1864. Blakely, James A. (Wabash Co.), * died at Memphis May 4, 1864. Byford, ‘John H. (Edwards Cv). Bradshaw, John (Edwards Co). Bratton, James (Edwards Co). Bond, Leonard C, (Edwards Co.), vet., must. out Nov. 5, 1865. Bond, Martin (Edwards Co). Bieh!, Danic! (Edwards Co.), mustered out Jan. 4, 1865. Cropper Lovel E. (Edwiurds Co.), vet., must. out Nov. 5, 1865. a Ttenry (Edwards Co). Daniel os Co.), mustercd out Nov. 6, 1865, ale Sion (Lawrence (o,), vet., mustered out May 6, 1865. George, Thomas (Lawrence ('o.), mustered out Jan. 10, 1865. Gaddy, George M (Lawrenec Go,), mustere d out Jan. 4, 1865, Gaddy, James E. (Lawrence Co.), vet., must. out May by 1865. Greathouse, Isaac (Edwards Co.), died in Cahaba prison, Ala. Aug, 4, 1864. Guyot, Adam jee voids Co,), dixeh, Dee, 18, 1854, Term exp, Hill, Sterling (Edwards Co.), mustered out Jian. 4, 1865. Lewis, Stephen 8. (Mdwards Co.', mustered out Jan. 1, 1865, Mounts, Thomas (Edwards Co.) diseh, Dov. 18, 1X64. ‘Torm Exp, Mounts, Hiram (Edwards Co.), vet., mustered out Noy. 5, 1805, Mulliney, Wm. (Lawrence Go} disch. Dee. 18, 1866. Park, E perny (Edwards © ee Vet., mustored out Nov. 6, 1866. Shelby, George (. (Edwards Co), eee John F. (dws urds Co), Terry, John A. (Edwards Co o.), vet., mustered out Noy. 5, 1865. Thorne, James Edwards Co). Turuer, Jesse (W: abash Co). Vaughn, Samuel H. (Edwards Co). Whitaker, Aquilla (Edwards Co.), disch, Dec., 1864. Recruits. —Clodfelter, George (Edwards Co.), vet. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY fF, Corporal.—Samuel F. Drake (Wabash Co). MUSTER ROLL COMPANY M. Second Lieutenant.—Benton BE. Batterbenner, (Wabash Co.), mustered Zout Noy. 5, 1865. Term exp. Term OXp, Seventh Cavalry. This regiment was organized September, 1861, with Col. Wm. Pitt Kellogg in command. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY E. Captains—John Etheridge, (Edwards Co.), pro. to Ist sergt. then ee and lst lieut. pro. capt. May 23, 1863, mustered out Nov. 6, 18:5. Ranga Auer Enlow | as ards. Co.), *disch. March 14, 1863; disability. Joseph Noble, (Wabash Cuunty), died Jan. 8, 1862. Begone hin Shultz) Edwards Co.), vet., M. O. Nov. 4, 1865, as corpl. John Mathers, (Edwards Cu, disch. Nov. 6, 1862; "disability. Privates— Brissenden, John (Edwards County), transferred to Regimental Band, mustered out July 4, 1862. Bender, Frederick (Edwards Co.), vet., mustered out Noy, 4, 65, Etheridge, Job D. ee Co.), M. O. Oct 15, 1864, as corporal. Etheridge, Michael (Edwards Co.), M. VO. Qct. 15, °64, as corporal. Enlow, James W. (Edwards Co.), dis. Oct. 27, 62, as corpl; dis’ty. Helke, Jolin G. (Edwards Co.), vet., M. O. Nov. 4, 1865, as corpl. Hi a'sum, George (Edwards vo.), vet., M. O. Nov. 4, 65, as sergt. Lischer, Samuel B. (Wabash County), vet., promoted Assistant Surgeon, 100 U.S. C. 1. McC ary, John (Edwards RUD died Jan. 22, 1862. Maxwell, Beceee R (Edwards Co.), M. O. Oct. 15, 1864, as sergt. Orin, Charles (Edwards Co.), vet., M. O. Nov. 4, 65, as Ist sergt. Rutt, Augustus (Edwards Co.), killed at Memphis, Aug. 21, 1864. Smith, Stephen (Edwards County), muster red out Oct. 15, ised. Spencer, Henr: (Edwards Co.), vet., M. O. Nov. 4, 65, as sergt. Taylor. John Edwards ¢ ounty), vet., mustered out Noy. 4, 1865. Voigt, F_A. (Edwards Co.), vet., M. O. Nov. 4, 1865, as sergeant. Webber, Mathias (Edwards 0.), M. 0. Oct. 13, 1863, as sergeant. Wied, John (Edwards Co.), vet , M. O, Nov. 4,65, as blacksmith. Re ‘erutts—Gotorth, Wm. A. (Wabash ¢ ‘onnty), mustered out Nov. 4, 1865, Handle. Adam \ivatech County), mustered out May 31, 1865. Maser, Joseph Watash Co.), killed at Memphis, Aug. 21, 1864. MUSTER ROLI COMPANY G. Recruit—Leathers, John M. (Wabash County), mustered out Nov. 4, 1865. Unassigned Recruits—Phillips, George (Lawrence County.} Robinson, George (Lawrence County.) MUSTER ROLL COMPANY G. 2 Private—Hutchinson, Claiborn D. (Lawrence County), died May 29, 1863. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. Ebenezer C. Litherland, (Wabash County), mustered out at Consolidation. Corporal—Alfred H. Clark, (Wabash County.) Privates—Akin, Joseph (Wabash County ) + Fowler, Frederick (Wabash County.) Litherland, Charles (Wabash ae. cis hanes Feb, 20, 1862, for promotion as Hospital Steward, Phillipe, Absalom (Wabash County) Ramsay, James E. (Wabash Co.), disch. Oct. 7, 1861; disability. T hompson, William (Wabash County), died at Benton Barracks, Nov. 6, 1861. Tice, Joseph J. (Wabash County.) Veteran—Hill, ‘Elkanah M. (Wabash County), sergeant, transferred to Co. I luth Caval ry as Consolidated. Battery M, First Artillery. Privates—Ryan, Daniel (Lawrence County), mystered out July 24, 1865. Ralph, Joseph (Lawrence County), mustered out July 24, 1865. Unassigned Recruits—Clay, Henry. Caton, ‘homas. First Army Corps. ENLISTED MEN OF "COMPANY No. 6. Metzdorf, Anton (Lawrence County.) Mitchel, Adam (Lawrence County.) Rambeau, Lewis (Lawrence County.) 2nd U. S. Artillery. RECRUIT FOR THE REGULAR ARMY, Smith, John (Lawrence County.) 34S CHAPTER Xll. COMMON SCHOOLS. THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS.— THE SCHOOL SYS- TEM OF THE STATE—ITS GROWTH, RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT. GLE educational history of few even of the older States is more instructive or full of interest than the educational history of Illinois, and earettally that part relating to the development and growth of her system of common schools. It has en- couraged and nurtured education since its admission into the Union. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS, The present school system really dates from January 15, 1825. Illinois was admitted as a State in 1818, and the act of admission contains the following stipulations imposed by Congress: “ Whereas the Congress of the United States, in the act entitled “An act to enable the people of Illinois Territory to form a constitution and State government, and for the admission of such State in the Union on equal footing with the original States, passed the .3:h of April, 1818, have offered to this con- vention, for the free acceptance or rejection, the follow- ing proposition, which, if accepted by the convention, are to be obligatory upon-the United States, viz: 1. The section numbered sixteen in every township, and when such section has been sold, or otherwise disposed of, other land equivalent thereto, and as contiguous as may be, shall be granted to the State for the use of the inhabitants of such township for the use of schools. 2. That all salt springs within such State shall be granted to the said State for the use of said State, and the same to be used under such terms, and conditions and regula- tions as the Legi-lature of said State shall direct: Pro- vided, the Legislature shall never sell or lease the same for a longer period than ten years at any one time. 3. That five per cent. of the net proceeds of the lands lying within such State, and which shall be sold by Congress from and after the first day of January, 1819, after de- ducting all expenses incident to the same, shall be re- served for the purposes following, viz.: Two-fifths to be disbursed under the direction of Congress, in making roads leading to the State; the residue to be appropri- ated by the Legislature of the State for the encourage- ment of learning, of which one-sixth part shall be ex- clusively bestowed on a college or university. 4. That thirty-six sections, or one entire township, which will be designated by the President of the United States, to- gether with the one heretofore reserved for that purpose, shall be reserved for the use of a seminary, and vested in the Legislature of the said State, to be appropriated solely to the use of said seminary by the said Legisla- ture. From the foregoing it will be seen with what care and jealou-y the general government guarded the school interests of the new formed States. These grants and conditions were accepted by the convention which assem- bled at Kaskaskia in July, 1818, for the purpose of framing a constitution for the new State. Hon. Shad- rach Bond, a man of marked ability was elected firat Governor of Illinois. In his inaugural address to the general assembly, he called their special attention to the educational interests of the State in the following forci- ble language: “The subject of education, the means for which have been so amply provided by the bounty of the general government, cannot fail to engross your se- rious attention. It would be well to provide for the ap- pointment or election of trustees in each township, suffi- ciently populated, and empower them to lease, for a limited period, the section of land reserved and granted for the use of schools within the same, requiring them 157 to appropriate the rents arising therefrom to such use and in the manner to be prescribed by law. The town- ships of land which have been granted to the State for the use of a seminary of learning, cannot, it is believed, be so disposed of at present as to authorize the passage of a law to commence the undertaking ; but at least a part of them may be leased, and the rents arising there- from may be laid up or vested in some productive fund as a secure deposit to be hereafter appropriated to fhe object to which the grants were made; such a course will render those lands productive, and when the period shall arrive at which it may be advisable to sell them, they will be extensively improved and of great value. These donations, together with the three per cent. upon the net proceeds aris'ng from the sale of the public lands within the State, which have been appropriated for similar purposes; with proper arrangements, will create a fund sufficiently large to educate the children of the State to the remotest period of time. It is our imperious duty, for the faithful performance of which we are an- swerable to God and our country, to watch over this interesting subject. No employment can be more en- gaging than those of husbanding those resources which will spread through all classes of our fellow-citizens the means of wisdom and of knowledge, which in the free- dom of our institutions will make the child of the poor- est parent a useful member of society and an ornament to his country.” The first genera] assembly was too much engrossed with other matters of state to give this portion of the govefnor’s message the attention it deserved; but at its second session it took cognizance of the recommenda- tions contained in his first message, and a bill was passed by both houses, and approved by the governor, March 2 1819. It provided for the appointment by the county commissioners in each and every county, of three trustees in each township, who were in six months after appointment authorized to emplov a surveyor, who should lay off section sixteen in each township into lots not con- taining less than forty nor more than oue one hundred and sixty acres, and to lease the same for a term of ten years, for the purpose of creating a revenue for school purposes. As this law was general in its tenor, it was sufficient to protect and throw around these school lands a proper safeguard; and had the recommendations of the governor and the provisions of the law been ad- hered to until the lands became valuable, the public fund in nearly every township in the state would be to-day sufficient to maintain our public schools, without special taxation. Unwise counsel prevailed somewhere, and the most of this munificent gift of the general gov- ernment has been largely sacrificed. From 1819 to 1825 but few changes were made in the school law. Although the changes were few and un- important, there was a decided growing sentiment fa- vorable to the free-school system; and in 1825 the general assembly passed an act providing for the estab- lishment and maiutenance of public schools. In the 158 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. preamble to the act, the following patriotic sentiment was expressed: “To enjoy our rights and liberties, we must understand them; their security and protection ought to be the first object of a free people, and it is a well-established fact that no nation has ever continued long in the enjoyment of civil and political freedom which was not both virtuous and enlightened; and be- lieving the advancement of literature always has been, « : : and ever will be, the means of developing more fully the rights of man, that the mind of every citizen in a republic is the common property of society and consti- tutes the basis of its strength and happiness. It is, therefore, considered the peculiar duty of a free gov- ernment Jike ours to encourage and extend the improve- ment and cultivation of the intellectual energies of the whole.” This act is unquestionably the foundation-stone of the grand structure of the present free-school system of the state of Illinois. The act was mandatory, as will be seen from the language of the statute in the following passage: “There shall be established a common school or schools in each of the counties of this state, which shall be open to every class of white citizens between the ages of five and twenty-one years.” It also provided for the election in each district of the following officers: Three trustees, one treasurer, one clerk, one assessor and one collector. The trustees were empowered to perform many of the functions now allotted to the duty of county school superintendents, such as the examina- tion of teachers, visiting and superintending schools, reporting to the commissioners, et Some of the pro- visions of the law of 1825 were repealed by the act of 1827, creating a general law of the state relating to the common schools; but no material changes were made until 1841, when the legislature made a complete revi- sion of the school law, approved February 26th, 1841. Among the changes by this act were the following provisions: Each township was entitled to have as many schools as the inhabitants of such township desired ; the people of every organized district were required to meet and elect from their number three trustees, and to agree upon the plan and manner of conducting the school. These trustees or directors were vested with power to execute the plan adopted, and were required to visit and superintend the schools. This law was the first that required schedules to be kept by the teachers and re- turned to the township treasurers. It also required a teacher to pass an examination for a certificate to teach. The law did not mention the branches to be taught, nor did it specify the branches in which the teacher should be examined, but required that the certificate, when issued, should enumerate the branches in which the ap- plicant was qualified to teach. In 1845 another revision of the school law was made, and many new features were incorporated in it. The secretary of state became ex-officio state superintendent of schools. Among his various duties the statute pro- vided that he should counsel with experienced teachers relating to the latest and most approved methods of conducting the common schools; he was required to advise the school commissioners as to the best manner of managing the schools—of constructing school-houses, and procuring competent teachers; to recommend the best text-books, charts, maps etc., and to bring about a uniformity of the same. Under this l1aw—whose duties were those of secretary of state—the first state super- intendent was the Hon. Thomas Campbell, who made a very efficient and useful officer. Many of the sugges- tions made by him in his report to the governor could be used with profit to our school system of to day. The duties of Secretary of State confined his atten- tion almost wholly to his office as the State developed, and the demands for a special officer to discharge the duties of this department became a necessity. Hence, in 1854, the Legislature passed a law making the office of State Superintendent of Public Instruction aseparate one. The duties to be performed were similar to those under the act of 1845. The office was to be filled by appoint- ment by the Governor until after the election in 1855. The Hon. Ninian Edwards, received the appointment, and was the first to have the honor of framing a bill for the unification of the school system of the State. Again in 1872, there was another general revision of the school law, since which time there have been but few important changes made. Of this last revision, we should do this history great injustice without the men- tion of the name of Hon. Newton Bateman, who has no superior in this country, as a an educator, or friend to the free-school system. Our Legislators, in the above mentioned revision, which caused our common schools to rank with the best in the land, gave the greatest heed to his judgment and counsel. From the foregoing it will be seen there have been five marked epochs in the school history of Ilinois— 1825, 1841, 1845, 1854 and 1872. Inthe main we have a most excellent free-school system in our State; but there are changes that should be made in the law, which would prove wholesome to all concerned. “We have special reference to the want of clearness in the lan- guage of the statute. The school law, above all others, should be the plainest in all its details, and so well arranged as to be intelligible to all who are able to read, The permanent school fund of the State comprises: 1st, the school fund proper, being three per cent. upon the net proceeds of the sales of public lands in the State, one sixth part excepted; 2ad, the college funds, consisting of the above oue-sixth part; 8rd, the surplus revenue derived from the distribution in 1836, of the surplus revenue of the United States; 4th, the seminary fund, derived from sales of lands granted to the State by the General Government; 5th, county funds created by the Legislature in 1835; 6th, township funds, arising from the sale of public lands granted by Cun- gress for common school purposes. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE EDWARDS COUNTY. THE EARLY SCHOOLS. To establish and maintain a school in a new country, is and has been, one of the difficult problems of the first settlers. These inhabitants were backwoods hunters, whose cabins are several miles apart. Their mode of life requires no education in the scholastic meaning of the term. Their habits are independent of literary ac- quirements, and their children grow up without knowing how to execute the most simple sum by the rules of arithmetic, or write a word, or read a sentence Yet some of these untutored men of the woods, by some complex reasoning of their own, are capable of reach- ing correct results with greater dispatch than those who have mastered the books. Ina town or village, even in its infancy, a school may be established and main- tained. If there be but a halfscore of families, a school is easily assembled, and a suitable teacher pro- cured. This was the case in Albion, in its earliest days, as it was here that the first school was taught, in what is now Edwards county. The teacher was Oswald War- rington, who had come to the county from England, among the first emigrants. This school was established in 1819, and was what is termed a private or subscrip- tion school. Mr. Warrington excelled in penmanship, and there were many of the young men of that early day, who owed their skill in writing to their first master, Mr. Warrington. He subsequently removed to Cincin- nati and went into the mercantile business. The first regular or public school in Albion, was conducted by John Love, in an old building then situated, on the lot of Robert Curdling. Ex-Governor French, was also among the early teachers of the town. .The first school building erected here, was situated on the ground now occupied by the Presbyterian church. The first schoo! taught outside of the town of Albion, was about three miles west of the village. The school- house was the old style log building with puncheon floor, seats and desks, and a hole cut out in one of the sides to admit the light, which was called a window. The manner and means of building’ it were as unique as the structure. Four or five English farmers and two or three New Englanders, living in what was then consid- ered a close neighborhood, none being more than a mile from the common center, met at an appointed time, some with oxen and others with axes. They went toa neighboring wood, (Cungress !and) where they prepared the logs and hauled them to the spot chosen for the site, The raising was performed by the united efforts of those interested in the school. It is said that it was at this school-house, that Ex-Governor Augustus C. French taught his first school. The first teacher in this school- house was Isaac Coper, in 1820. The first school-house built and the first school taught in French Creek precinct, was in’ 1821. The school- house was a rude log building of the primitive style, and was situated in section 17, township 3 south, range AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 159 14 west, and within the northern limits of the city of Graysville. The first teacher was Daniel R. Jacobs, ‘and in his time was considered good.” In Salem precinct, although having territory among the first settled in the county, the pioneers were so few and scattered, that it was not until 1824, that.a school could be established and maintained. The first school-build- ing was erected in the above year, and was situated on the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 21. The building was of round logs and other appur- tenances to match. It is claimed, however, that this building had a window of real glass, instead of the usual greased paper posted over the aperture to admit light. Prior to the building of this house, a school had been taught a year or so before, in a deserted cabin The first teacher’s name that we are able to record in this part of the county, was a colored man, by the name of Sweat. Other early teachers were, Lothrop Rude and Daniel Abbey. In Dixon precinct, the first school was taught in a log cabin, situated on the Churchill land, in 1824. The teacher was Daniel Bain, a transient person from some part of the east. He taught but a term or two, and afterwards migrated to some other portion of the State. The first school in Shelby precinct was taught by a Mr. McCowen, in 1827. The place for holding the school was in a log cabin, located in the northwest quar- ter of the southeast quarter of section 33, township 1 north. The next teacher was a man by the name of Moore. Theefirst building erected for school purposes was in 1856. It was a frame building, and was situated in section 33, township 1 north. ' The text-books of those times were such books ‘as the family might have at hand, some read in the Testament, others in histories or biographies such as the family library could produce. There was no uniformity of books in the schools, and classification was not thought of. Each pupil was trotted up to the master’s side and read or recited according to the book he might possess. In a few years, a partial system of text-books came into i 160 use, and the cause of teaching received quite an impe- tus. The first real system of text-books was not intro- duced until about 1835. Among those used in the county were Pike’s, Smiley’s and Smith’s arithmetics ; Murray’s, Smith’s and Kirkham’s grammars; the old English reader, and later, Goodrich’s series; Morse’s, and Mitchell’s geographies; and above and beyond all as the text-book, was the old “blue back,’ Webster’s spelling book. Sometimes we hear those of this more progressive age, condemning the “‘ fogies,” as they term the old people, because of their advocacy and desires of again placing the “ blue back” speller in our schools. If “ Young America” could comprehend the value, in its time, of this much reverenced, now abused book, they would surely be prepared to exercise the charity for the merits of an auxiliary, which, for the good it has served, cannot be supplanted by any other text-book which is now or shall in the future be placed in print. The progress of the schools of the county has been of aslow but healthy growth. The sixteenth section of each township, granted under the stipulations of the ad- mission of the State into the Union, have been disposed of, and the proceeds distributed to the various town- ships. The swamp land fund of five townships is yet in the hands of the county superintendent, and subject to his distribution of interest. The school, college and seminary fund in 1841, was $1,687.05, and the amount paid out for school purposes to that time was, $1,188.49, leaving a balance in favor of the county, $199 46. The following is a showing of the school affairs of the county for 1858, according to the biennial report of the State Superintendent for that date: Whole number of schoclsin the county... 1... 6... e058 ; 47 Average number of monthstaught. ... «2.2 «4s. 6 Number of male teachers... . . : Siar te se ie 36 Number cf female teachers. . Average salary of male teachers. ...... $25 Average salary of female teachers. . . $15 Number of male scholars. .....-+... 1,166 Number of female scholars. ........++... 896 Number of school-houses builtin the year... . 1... 2.2.4. 11 Number of school-liouses. . 2... 2 ee ee Number of white persons under twenty-one... .... 2.4. 3,110 Number of white persons between five and twenty-one. .... 1,762 Amount paid to teachers . Bo eb Se A ee $3,447 For building, repairing and renting school-houses. ....... $1,454 Whole amount received for school purposes. .....--..4- $4,529 Whole amount expended for school purposes. ...... : $5,116 Number of colored persons in county under twenty-one years . uM Number of colored persons in county between ages of five and tWOENLY-ONO) . The church maiatains a Sunday- school six mouths in the year. Scholars, forty. 172 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Their house of worship is a frame structure built on the old style—pulpit in front between the two doors— and is valued at $500. Seating capacity 300. East, Village Church.—This church, three miles north of Albion, the county seat of Edwards county, was or- ganized of members mostly from West Village Church, William Woods held meetings in the Montgomery school-house in this neighborhood about the year 1864. They built a meeting-house in 18—, and after its com- pletion a meeting lasting four weeks was held in it by Joshua Sumner, and the church organized with fifteen charter members. ° Official Board —Elders—Isaac Smith, J. F. Tread. Deacons.—C. W. Smith, Jacob Mason. The regular preachers for this congregation since the time of its organization have been J. Sumner, Daniel Burkley, Dr. F. Mountz, J. C. T. Hall, Elder Lathrop, J. W. Stone and Caleb Edwards, who is just at the close of his seventh year’s work. The East Village chapel, a frame, is 36x40. Value of church property $600. It will seat comfortably 250 or 800 persons. The church numbers thirty members. No Sunday school. There are some excellent members in East Village church, but the number is so few, and the distance from Albion and West Village churches is so small, that it seems to the writer that it would be better for the cause if these brethren would all agree to unite with either the West Village or Albion congregation. Marion Church—The Marion Church is in Shelby precinct, northwest part of the county, on the west bank of Sugar creek, and near the old town of Marion. The work was inaugurated in this community by Moses and Elijah Goodwin, J. Standish and Cornelius Aids. Their first meetings were held at the residence of Quin- ton Nicks, and it was here the church was organized, under the labor of Moses Goodwin. The meetings were held for some time after they organized, from house to house, but mainly at the house of Niles A. Shelby, the same house now occupied by his son, William Shelby, The first elders of this congregation were William Foster and N. A. Shelby; and the first deacons were Quinton Nicks and B. F. Park. The following names were enrolled in this organization: William Foster, Lucy Foster, Niles Shelby, Malinda Shelby, Quinton Nicks, Susan Nicks, B. F. Park, Elmira Park, W, Prichet, Elizabeth Prichet, D. Nicks, Orpha Nicks, B. Kinyon, Eliza Kinyon, and perhaps others, They or- ganized in 1843. Hence this is one of the oldest churches in the county. It has been privileged to enjoy the occasional preaching of E. Goodwin, B. K. Smith, Elder Dibble, e¢ al. Elder George Morrall was sent out as a preacher first by Marion church. The preachers regularly employed by the church have been M. Good- win, A. Walker who was a resident preacher, Stephen Phelps, W. Courter, C. Aids, G. Morrall, A. Flower, M. Shick, J. Sumner and William T. Gillesp'e. Brother G. Morrall was their last preacher. The resident preachers have been Anderson Walker, and William Woods. W. T. Gillespie, a preacher, now lives near the church. The church now numbers 130. Elders: C. B. Root and J. M. Walker. Deacons: Jordan Walker and Stephen Stone. The church holds Sunday-school six months in the year. Number or scholars is forty. The church edifice is a frame 26x38 feet. Seating capacity 250. Value of church property $450. Marion church numbers some grand men and women, and it has the ability to accomplish much toward the. salvation of men. May the great Head of the church bless them to the good of humanity and His own glory. Bonpas Church.—The facts here recorded were given to the writer by Elder J.C. T. Hall, from memory. Hence the history of this church is necessarily very in- complete. The church is situated on the eastern border of the county. Elder Amos Willis did the pioneer work in this neighborhood, and organized the church about the year 1838. Elijah Goodwin, M. Goodwin, A. Flower, J.C. T. Hall, and Elder Tremble have preached considerable for them. Monthly preaching has been the rule in this church. Membership, sixty- five. Their Sunday-school is spasmodic. Their church edifice is a frame, valued at $700. Sittings 300. Olive Church.—This church, situated about half way between Albion and Grayville, is the youngest organiza- tion of the Church of Christ in Edwards county, being effected under the ministerial labors of Brother C. Ed- wards, 1879, whodid the first preaching in this neigh- borhood. But the first successful series of meetings here were held in the month of February, 1879, by Brother E. Lathrop. Brethren J. F. James and Caleb Edwards have since that time held a very successful protracted meeting. The church now numbers thirty members, with F. Wick as elder, and J. Scott and J. J. Wick as deacons. They havea neat little frame chapel, built in 1878, at a cost of $550. Seating capacity 200. SUMMARY. Number of preachers living in Edwards county, seven. Churches, ten. Value of church property, $8,310. Total seating capacity, 2,600. Total membership of the county, 945. In conclusion I would say to the brethren of the county, that I am conscious of the fact that the above history is incomplete and perhaps will fall far short of rendering satisfaction to all; but the writer has taken no little pains to collect all the above facts and statistics. Most of the church records have been very imperfectly kept, and if this sketch stirs up each church to put its history in a more perfect and permanent shape, it has not been written in vain. CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. BY REV. ISAAC B. SELF. Albion.—The Cumberland Presbyterian Church is a growth of the present century. It originated in the re- markable revival of religion which began in 1797, to HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. develop itself in the extensive region known as the “Cumberland Country,” embracing a considerable por- tion of northern Tennessee and southwestern Kentucky. The organization was ¢ffected on the 4th day of Feb- ruary, 1810, at the house of Rev. Samuel McAdow in Dickson County, Tennessee. The distinctive doctrinal feature of this body is the middle ground between ex- treme Calvinism, and Arminianism. It is Presbyterian in its form of government. The name “Cumberland ”’ is retained because that was the name of the Presbytery, and of the country, where the gracious revival sprang up, in which the church was born. In 1815, three years befure Illinois was constituted a State, Cumberland Presbyterians had entered the Territory and carried the glad tidings of salvation to its scattered inhabitants. The first congregation organized in this State was ‘* Hopewell,” now Enfield, White county, by Rev. D. W. McLin, June 8th, 1819. Among the first ruling elders elected was James Miller, whose daughter Sarah was in after years one of the first members of Albion congregation. Shiloh congregation, in White county, was organized not long after the one at Enfield. Here in November, 1822, the Lord most graciously blessed the labors of Rev. Woods M. Hamilton. Among those converted at this meeting, was Alexander Stewart, a ruddy Scotch lad sixteen years of age, who joined the church at Shiloh, November 22d, 1822,and who in the Providence of God, became the father of the church in Albion. Attending a Cumberland Presbyterian camp-meeting at Enfield, young Stewart saw Miss Sarah Miller, re- ferred to above. At once he was impressed with her suitableness as a Jife companion, and sought an intro- duction. This acquaintance continued with ‘increasing mutual pleasure, until January 19th, 1825, when they were united in marriage. In 1827, this young couple moved to Albion, Edwards county, which place they found almost entirely destitute of any religious interests, and in fact much avowed infidelity was found, and often- times decided opposition was manifested towards pro- fessing Christians and Christianity. The first sermon by a Cumberland Presbyterian minister was delivered by Rev. James Alexander, who visited the place on in- vitation of Brother Stewart, in 1832. He preached in a small school house which stood on West Main street, on the lot now occupied by Richard Curdling’s harness shop. In the midst of this service, a number of persons of the baser sort to show their contempt for the worship of God, gathered outside and threw stones at a terrible rate upon the building. This, is said to have caused quite a commotion for a time. But the minister was finally enabled to proceed, and finished his discourse without further interuption. Either in 1835 or ’36, Brother Stewart, in connection with Robert Brown, Wm. Hall and others, organized a “ weekly meeting ” which was held in the counting-room of Joseph Clark, a young man, (not then religious, but who afterward became so, and united with the 173 church at the organization of the Albion congregation,) who did business for a number of years in a log build- ing which formerly stood on the ground now occupied by the western half of the “ Craig Brick.” This meet- ing, for prayer and the study of the Scripture, was con- tinued, with increasing interest dufing the week, until in the fall of 1837 or 1838, it was thought proper to make an appointment for Sabbath. By consent of Walter L. Mayo, then clerk of the county court, the court-house was obtained for the purpose. The first service was con- ducted by Brother Stewart, who was filled with fear and trembling at the presence of a large number of the most intelligent and sceptical portion of the community. Lift- ing his head in prayer to God for help, in a trembling voice he announced the hymn: “Jesus! and shall it ever be, A mortal man, ashamed of thee.” Reading it through and then “lining it out” as was the custom, the hymn was sung. Its cheering words were blessed to his encouragement, and he proceeded with the services to its close; reading a sermon of some se- lection, not now remembered. To the surprise of the little band the unbelieving portion of the audience treated the service with great respect, and seemed pleased at the idea of having Sabbath services in the town. On the next Sabbath, service was again held with an increased attendance and interest on the part of the community. Brother Stewart at this time read a portion of ‘‘Watson’s answer to Paine’s Age of Reason.” At the close of this service a leading sceptic approached him, and shaking hands, thanked him for inaugurating this Sabbath service, saying “ You know I don’t believe in Christianity, but this will have a good effect on the community, and will cause the people to brush up and put on clean clothes once a week any way;” thus bear- ing an unwilling testimony to the power of the Gospel ; and to the fact that godliness and cleanliness are inti. mately connected. These Sabbath services were continued in the court- house until 1841, conducted by members of different churches, who would read sermons, extracts from good books, or comment upon the Scriptures as seemed best at the time. As opportunity offered the services of any minister passing through, or that could be induced to visit the place, were secured. In 1841 or ’42, it was de- cided to build a “Union church-house,”’ which was done by the contributions and energetic efforts of a faith- ful few, members of various churches. This was a brick building 26x50, standing back from the street, east of the court-house, and the building is now occupied by H. Wagner as a dwelling. Revs. John Porter, Woods M. Hamilton, Wm. Finley and Joel Knight pioneer minis- ters of the C. P. Church frequently visited Albion, preaching in this brick church. Finally the way being open for an organization of a church of their choice, Brother and Sister Stewart made a request to this effect. And on the 23d day of May, 1843, Albion congregation 174 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. of the C. P. Church was regularly organized by Revs. Woods M. Hamilton and Wm. Finley, with the follow- ing members: Alexander and Sarah Stewart, by letter from Shiloh congregation; Samuel E. and Jennet Prichard, Joseph and Jane Clark on profession. Brother Stewart was at that time elected and ordained ruling elder, which position he has filled ever since. Rev. Wm. Finley served this congregation as pastor from its organization until 1851. There is no mention made of salary, and the only record as to any engagement is that Rev. Wm. Finley was employed Nov. 25th, 1846, one-fourth of his time for one year. For the next two years he labored as much as he could. Mention is also made of his cunducting and assisting in meetings from time to time as late as 1855. Rev. James Gaston sup- plied the congregation fur a short time before and up to September 1st, 1851, when Rev. J. T. Borah, (now of Mississippi) was employed one-fourth his time until some time in 1854. In the spring of 1854, it was decided by the members to build a church house of their own. This was a neat frame 50x26, with cupola and vestibule, and costs from eight hundred to a thousand dollars. This building was dedicated June 18th, 1854, by Rev. Wm. Finley, Rev. J. T. Borah, then the pastor, and Rev. E. T. Senserman assisting in the services. It stood just east of the resi- dence of Charles 8. Stewart and is now a part of his -front yard. At the erection of the new brick, the house was sold and moved to where it now stands occupied by Garland Biggers as a dwelling. May 1, 1855, Rev. John W. Woods, (now of Mattoon, Illinois,) was engaged to labor with this congregation for one year, at asalary of $350. Ata meeting held by Rev, William Finley, at Wan- borough, near Albion, in December, 1849, Thomas Smith joined the C. P. church, coming from the Independent church, Kendall, England. Some few years after he placed himself under the care of Presbytery as a candi- date for the ministry. In due time he was licensed and ordained, and in April, 1857, application was made to Presbytery for his services as pastor of this church. Said request being granted, it was renewed from time to time, and Brother Smith continued in charge of the church until some time in 1864. He then enlisted in the Fed- eral Army, and the congregation was supplied with oc- casional preachiug, by Rev. Charles Low, of the Baptist church, and by Rev. James M. Hamon and Ilenry Cooper, of the Moravian, until in November, 1865, Rev. B. H. Blackwell was employed for six months. April 25, 1866, Rev. Thomas Smith was re-engazed for one-half his time. He continued his Jabors until September 26, 1867, when he asked to he released, and another minister was employed. ‘The records show sev- eral very interesting meetings under the pastorate of Brother Smith. His separation from the C. P. church, and union with the Presbyterian, was regretted by this congregation, who, however, follow him with good wishes in his new congregation. November 20, 1867, Rev. R. J. P. Lemen, was em- ployed as pastor, and so continued at a salary ranging from seven to eight hundred dollars, until the spring of 1870, when he resigned to accept an appointment from the Board of Missions. Soon after Brother Lemen entered upon his labors here the Lord most graciously blessed his work, and a precious revival was enjoyed by the church. Forty-nine persons, on a profession of faith in Christ, united with the congregation on one day; and thirty more, by letter and experience, joining during his pastorate. In September, 1870, Rev. J. R. Lowrance was em- ployed as pastor, at a salary of one thousand dollars, and house rent free. He entered upon his duties No- vember 2, 1870, and continued to serve the congregation, very much to their satisfaction, until August, 1874, when he resigned, and moved to Lincoln, Illinois, in order to obtain better facilities for the education of his children. Recently he has moved his family to Gorden City, Kansas, where he hopes to establish a C. P. church. September, 1874, Rev. William Wilson took charge of the congregation, at a salary of seven hundred dol- lars a year, and house rent free. He continued in this position for three years, though not receiving so large a salary after the first year, when he moved to Minne- sota, and afterwards entered the Congregational church. At this time, September, 1877, Rev. William A. Hyde, of Tennessee, visited the congregation, and ac- cepted its pastoral care, agreeing to accept the free will offerings of the congregation as_pecuniary remuneration for his services, which arrangement was continued dur- ing his stay, and resulted very satisfactorily. Brother Hyde’s pastorate was a very successful one, some sixty members being received on profession during the first six months. Soon after he took charge of the congregation, he began to press the importance of a larger and better church building, which had before been discussed by the session. Under his energetic leadership the people entered into the matter most heartily, and the present handsome edifice was erected. This is a substantial brick, 60x40 feet, with vestibule and cupola additional, and cost completed, four thousand five hundred dollars. It is heated by a furnace, and is well supplied with com- fortable seats, a bell and organ. It was built by Elias Weaver, contractor, who has perhaps built more houses in Albion, than any other one man This, his last con- tract, stands asa monument of his continued faithful, honest labor, good taste, and workmanlike execution. The following notice of the dedication of this build- ing is from the dbion Journal November 23, 1878: “The New Cumberland Presbyterian church was dedi- cated to the service of God on last Sunday, November 17th, and notwithstanding the inclemeney of the weather, the seats of the capacious building were more than com- fortably filled, while others had to be brought in from the old church to accommodate those who were unable to get a seat. Atabout half-past ten, Rev. W. J. Darby, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. of Evansville, Ind., Rev. J. E. Jenkins of Princeton, Ind., and Rev. John Woods, of Mattoon, former pastor of the church at this place, ascended the rostrum. After reading an appropriate chapter of Scripture, and a prayer by Rev. Woods, Dr. Darby announced his text to be found in the 132nd Psalm, 8th verse: “ Arise, O Lord, into thy rest; thou, and the ark of thy strength.” Probably, no more appropriate piece of holy writ could have been chosen for theoccasion. Thesermon was delivered in a very impressive manner and was listened to with great attention. Dr. Darby’s manner of de- livery, distinct articulation, and flow of eloquence made a very favorable impression upon his hearers. His dig- nified appearance in the pulpit was in keeping with his calling and commanded the admiration of his audience.” Very much to the regret of the congregati n Brother Hyde resigned the care of his church, on account of poor health, in the spring of 1879, and accepted a call toa Mission church, at Colorado Springs, Colorado. He has since gone to Texas, where with his wonted earnest faithfulness he is laboring for the Master. October 1, 1879, Rev. G. W. Eichelberger of Pilot Grove, Missouri, was called to the pulpit of this church, for time indefinite, and salary the contributions of 1st and 3rd Sabbaths of each month. In addition to the usual pastoral work, Brother Hichelberger succeeded in organ- izing a Woman’s Home and Foreign Missionary Society among the ladies of the church, which is still in success- ful operation. He also established a Children’s Mission- ary Band, which was the means of raising considerable funds for charity at home and abroad. Under his management arrangements were made for the purchase | of the neat brick building standing on the adjoining lot, west of the church, asa parsonage. This was to be paid for in ten yearly installments. One payment made and the remainder secured by reliable subscriptions. He continued to serve the congregation very acceptably, until October 17, 1881, when he resigned with a view of further prosecuting his studies in some of the Eastern Colleges. Just before the departure of Bro. Eichelberger, from Albion, Rey. Isaac B. Self, who was then traveling as Financial Agent of Lincoln University, visited this church. Finding them about to be left without a pastor, at their request, he agreed to supply them with preach- ing until the next spring. This arrangement extended, in the spring, for six months, when in September, 1882, the relation having proved mutually agreeable, the con- gregation extended the call indefinitely, agreeing to pay a salary of nine hundred dollars per year, and free use of the parsonage. This was accepted, and the Albion Presbytery, at its fall session, was asked to ratify the arrangement by regular installation, which was done, and an account of which is here given, as taken from the Albion Journal of September 22, 1882. “Rev. L B Self was installed Jast Sunday morning as permauent pastor of the C. P. church, at this place, 175: in the presence of a large congregation. Mr. Self has been in charge of the C. P. church here for about one year past, and his labors, both in the church and Sab- bath-school work, have been so eminently satisfactory to the congregation that they unanimously called upon him to accept the permanent pastorate of the church. After expressing his willingness to the church to do so, the church made known its wants to Albion Presbytery at its recent session, and Revs. E. T. Bowers, of Enfield, and J. W. Elder, of Flora, were appointed to install him as such. They attended to that duty last Sunday morning, Rev. E. T. Bowers preaching the installation sermon, from Acts 20: 24—‘ But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the ministry which I have received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the gospel of the grace of God.’ From this text he deliv- ered an able and impressive sermon upon the call to the winistry, after which the charge was delivered after the authorized manner of the C. P. church by Rev. J. W. Elder.” The records show that two bundred and ninety-seven members have been received by letter and experience into this congregation since its organization. Of these nearly one-half have been lost by death and removal, leaving one hundred and fifty members as the present strength of the congregation. The following are the , avother graduates in the Theological Seminary of the N. W, this spring, two others are candidates for the ministry, others are en- gaged in the various pursuits of life, and in offices of honor and trust, and one was a professor in the Illinois State Normal University, Normal, Illinois, at his death in 1878, and one is a member of the Legislature of In- diana. Jn no other way could these humble churches have helped and blessed the country so etficiently. (See table of teachers.) WABASH, 1823. MT. CARMEL, 1839. Ministers. 8. Bliss, 1823-1845. Isaac Bennet, 1831, occasional. Jos. Butler, 1839, 44 of time. B. Leffler, 1847, 4 of time P. W. Thompson, 1850-1852, 144 of time. 8. C. Baldridge, 1853-1857. C. Baldridge, 1857-1866, 14 of time. HH. Smith, 1866-1869. C. Baldridge, 1860-1878, 14 of time. S. Davis, 1878-1881, 14 of time. C. Baldridge, 1881-1882, 14 of time. Rutherford, 1882. Ministers. S. Bliss, occasional. R. H. Lilly, 1839-1844. Jam -s Stafford, 1816. Leffler, 1847, 44 his time. Thompson, 1848-1850. J. L. Hawkins, 1852-1856. C. Spining, 1859. J.C, Thornton, 1869-1863. W. S. Heindel, 1875. T. C. Winn, 1876. T. E. Green, 1879 FRIENDSVILLE, 1857. Ministers. 8. C. Baldridge, 1857-1882. TEACHERS OF FRIENDSVILLE SEMINARY. Friendsville seminary was opened September, 1860, in the Presbyterian church, Friendsville: Principal, Wm. S. Coulton, A. B.; Miss Mollie Gil- pin. Broken up by war, 1862. 1863, Principal, Thomas W. McClain. 1864, Principal, A. 8. Seward, Ist term; Rev. 8. C. Baldridge, 21 and 31; Mise Kate Finley, assistant, od term. 1865 to 1870, Principal, Lieut. John C. K. Young- ken; assistant, Miss K. Finley. 1870 to 1874, Principal, Rev. Wm. H. Smith ; assist- ant, Miss K. Finley. 1875, Principal, Rev. Wm. H. Smith; Prof. 8. re- signed in March, 1875, and the seminary was closed. 1876 to 1877, Principal, Rev. S. C. Baldridge ; assist- ant, Miss K. Finley. 1878 to 1880, Principal, Rev. §. C. Baldridge; assist- ant, Mrs. Sarah A. Irwin. 1881 to 1882, Principal, Prof. W. Beaty Davis; as- sistant, Miss Hattie Davis. The seminary building was erected 1866-1868. The “Endowment Fund” was secured in 1870. 8. W. 8. J. S: R. EVANGELICAL CHURCH. BY REV. G. H. ALBRIGHT. In writing this short sketch it may be necessary to say a word, as tothe particular part of the Lutheran Church to which these congregations belong. 196 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. The Lutheran Church in this country is represented | by the following General Bodies. The General Synod, The General Council, The General Synod, South, The Synodical Conference, and Synods Independent. These different representative bodies, all Lutheran, and holding to the great fundamental doctrines of the Reformation, differ somewhat as to general church government and dicipline. The congregations, of which this sketch- will speak, belong to the General Synod. This is generally re- garded the progressive branch of the Lutheran Church. It accepts and holds the Augsburg Confession as a cor- rect exhibition of the fundamental doctrines of the Divine Word. There are but three congregations in this county, and these three in their early history, composed one charge, and were generally served by the same pastors. The earliest date in the history of these congregations that can be given is 1836. It was during this year that Rev. C. F. Heyer, a missionary in the Lutheran Church and afterwards the founder of our mission in India, first came to this county, and preached within the bounds of these congregations. Considerable Lutheran material was at different times scattered about the county, and many were glad to hear of the arrival of a Lutheran minister, who might soon begin work among them. His work, however, was but to investigate the state of affairs, and he soon left, and was followed in the same year by Rev. H. Haverstick. Under the direction of Rev. Haverstick, the Jordan creek congregation was organized and entered upon the work of erecting a church building. It was a work of earnest toil. There was not much wealth among them, but a will to work. By their own toil and industry they bought the brick and did most of the work on the build- ing. This took time, and it was several years before the church was dedicated to God’s service. The Jordan creek church was northwest from Mt. Carmel about twelve miles, and quite a number of Lutherans had settled there, coming, mostly from the state of Penn- syivania. Here Rev. Haverstick also instructed a class of catechumens, and on the return of missionary Heyer, these were confirmed. This was the first confirmation in the Lutheran Church of this county. Very soon after this both Revs. Heyer and Haverstick left this part of the country. Not long after this, Rev. Henry Grow, a German Reformed minister, came to this county and preached in the Jordan creek congregation, and also in the town of Mt. Carmel. During his endeavor to or- ganize a German Reformed congregation out of nearly all Lutheran material, there came to the county Rev. Daniel Kohler, a missionary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church sent by the Synod of East Pennsylvania. He visited Jordan creek and Mt. Carmel. During his stay the Jordan creek church was dedicated, and on the 11th of March, 1838, he preached in Mt. Carmel; German in the morning and English at night. On the 27th of March, 1838, according to previous announcement, all concerned met in the court-house at Mt. Carmel, to organize a congregation. The object was to organize a union society composed of Evangelical Lutheran, and German Reformed members. The build- ing of aunion church at Mt. Carmel was also considered, but as no union could be effected between the members of different names, a constitution was presented by Rev. Kohler, which with little alteration was adopted. In the first article of this constitution the name “ Zion’s congregation’? was incorporated, and that the congregation shall belong tu the Evangelical Lutheran Church. The following trustees and officers of the church were elected: Trustees—Dr. Jacob Lescher, Messrs. Samuel Fisher and Adam Schafer. Elders—Adam Schafer and Frederic Seiler. Deacons—Samuel Fisher and Thomas Glick. On Saturday, March 31st, 1838, Rev. Kohler held pre- paratory services, and on Sunday, Apiil 1st, distributed the elements of the Lord’s Supper to twenty communi- cants. Very soon after this he traveled further west, and Rev. Grow again went on with operations, but soon he also removed from this county. Rev. Barthol next came to this county and took charge of these congre- gations. Under his influence the Mt. Carmel congrega- tion laid aside their constitution, accepted a new one and dissolved the connection with any general syn- odical body. This new constitution was subscribed by fifteen male members. During the ministry of Rev. Barthol, the lot upon which the Lutheran Church at Mt. Carmel now stands, was purchased, and with it an old brick blacksmith shop, and a frame house. This blacksmith shop was repaired and used for church ser- vices, but a fire having broken out in another house right by it, the little church was torn down in part and the ruins were afterward sold. About the close of the year 1839, Rev. Barthol removed to a place near Peoria, Illinois. Rey. Sauer, from near [Evansville, Indiana, now visited the congregations, and also baptized some chil- dren among the members of the Mt. Carmel congrega- tion. Rev. Hennig, next settled here, but only for a short time. He was not acquainted with the German lan- guage, and as there were many Germans among our people, he could but partly supply the wants of the con- gregation. It was during his stay- that many of the German members dissatisfied, without German preaching and influenced by others of greater zeal than knowledge, withdrew from the Lutheran Church, and became a nucleus for the present existing Albright (Evangelical Association) Church of this county. Thus far the congregation was very unsettled, and we may add, driven to and fro by various winds of doctrines. A better state of affairs was inaugurated in 1844, when Rey. Daniel Scherer, took charge of these congregations as their regular pastor, September 29th, 1844. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 197 The .previous forms of government were laid aside and new onesadopted. The finances of the congregation now began to trouble them. There was now, resting upon the Mt. Carmel congregation, a debt of $1,111.46, small as was her membership. In order to raise this money Rey. Daniel Scherer made two collecting tours, one to the south and east, and the other the west. He returned in the latter part of the year 1846, and by as- sistance from the congregation and people of Mt. Car- mel, the debt was raised. Of Mr. Joshua Beall it is praiseworthy to say, that he relinquished part of his claims at time of payment, $362.22. These collections from abroad, having been made en- tirely from Lutheran congregations, a promise was given to erect a new church, and that it should be Lutheran. The church, however, when erected was consecrated a union church, 1850, and Rev. Scherer served both Mt, Carmel and Jordan creek congregations and at the same time preached at several other points also. About the close of 1850, Rev. Scherer moved upon the church grounds of the Jordan creek congregation, but continued to serve beth congregations until April the 4th, 1852, on which day he preach«d his last sermen in the Jordan creek church, and died that night, in the 62d year of his age. He was buried in the cemetery at Mt. Carmel. In the same month of Rev. Scherer’s death, Rev. G. Wolf, of the “ Olive Branch Synod,’ took charge tem- porarily. About the same time the congregations were also directed. by Rev. C. Kuhl, then a missionary in the service of the Illinois Synod. In July, 1852, the council of Mt. Carmel congregation made application to the Illinois Synod, then in session at Hillsboro, Ilinois, for a pastor. This request was granted, and on September 4, 1852, Rev C. Kuhl took charge of both Jordan creek and Mt. Carmel congrega- tions. His labors were successful. He also did much for these congregations by presenting a new constitution and writing a historic sketch of the churches of this county. Rev. Kuhl remained pastor for three years, and was followed in 1856 by Rev. I. C. Hiller, who remained a few years, and was followed by Rev. J. Krack, who was pastor from 1858 to 1861. Rey. J .Harkey took charge in 1861, and served about seven vears. During his stay many came into the church, and the organization prospered. But unfortunately, about the close of his pastorship, a general division oc- curred in the Lutheran Chureb, and the General Coun- cil, referred to at the beginning of this sketcb, was formed. The pastor, Rev. Harkey, went with the Gen eral Council, and most of the members of these congre- gations were General Synod in their views. The work he was doing among these people was thus in a measure checked. He left in 1868, and was followed by Rev. G. H. Schur, who remained but about a year, and was again followed by Rev. C. M. Lingle, who in 1871 took charge of Jordan creek and Mt. Carmel congregations, and remained pastor for about three years. Rev. McDaniel then served the charge as pastor from 1875 to 1876, and, soon after he left, was fullowed by Rev. H.C. Grossman, who took charge 1876, and remained until 1879 During his stay the church was much revived and quite a number added. The Jordan creek congregation, being quite large and somewhat scattered, was divided, forming two congregations. The one now called the St. Paul’s built a beautiful church in the little village called Lancaster (Post-office Mier), at a cost of $5,000, and owns a fine lot in connection with it. The people labored harmoniously, and on the 12th of May, 1878, the church was dedicated to the service of God,—one of the finest churches in the county. The other congregation formed by this division is called St. Peter’s, They have not yet built a church, but are hoping ere long to have a house of worship also. They now hold their church services in the school-house of that district. In 1879 Rev. Grossman took his departure, and was followed by Rev. M. L. Heisler in 1879. He served the congregations, St..Paul's, St. Peter’s and Zion’s at Mt. Carmel, but was the last pastor who served these three as one charge. His stay was short. Having been elected president of Burkittsville Female Seminary, Md., he accepted, and left Mt. Carmel, after a stay of only five months. Rev. Heisler was succeeded on the 18th of July, 1880, by the Rev G. H. Albright, a graduate of Gettysburg Theological Seminary. His call to become pastor was first intended to include the three congregations above named, but a division having been made, because they needed two pastors, the call was given by Zion’s congre- gation of Mt. Carmel, where he began his labors on the 18th of July, 1880. On the same day, at the first meet- ing of the congregation, it was decided to rebuild their church, and on the following morning the work was begun, Mr. Adam Stein having been chosen as overseer of the building. The building is newly furnished, and the debt all paid. The church was dedicated on the 6th of September, 1880. Rev. F. Springer, D. D., then president of Central Illinois Synod, assisted the pas- tor at its dedication. The present membership of Zion’s congregation is 112, and the present pastor is Rev. G. H. Albright. The membership of St. Paul’s at Lancaster is 100, and of St. Peter’s, near Lancaster, is 30. These two congre- gations last named compose a separate charge since 1880, and are served as pastor by Rev. I. W. Bobst who came to them from Harper’s Ferry, W. Va, having been called as the first pastor of this charge since their separation from Mt. Carmel. He began his labors at Lancaster in Dec., 1880, and his charge, composed of St. Paul’s and St. Peter's, comprised the Jordan creek congregation of early times, spoken of so frequently in this sketch. 198 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. CATHOLIC CHURCH.* It wasin the year 1837 when the first Roman Catholic came to Mt. Carmel. His name was Mr. Henry Fuchs. He was by birth an Alsatian ; has been the first emigrant of that part of Germany, who came to Mt. Carmel. Soon after the time that Mr. Fuchs arrived, Mr. John Kaiser, also a native of Alsatia, became an inhabitant of the city of Mt. Carmel. From 1887 to 1839, a few other emigrants arrived at Mt. Carmel. They were Mr- Michael Peter. with his family, his brother Nicholas and family, also Mr. J. Keepas and Mr. George Wirth. The four last named persons were natives of Bavaria They were poor, and had to work hard for their daily bread. All the above named persons lived at Mt. Carmel, ex- cept Mr. Michael Peter, who purchased a farm of forty acres, seven miles west of Mt. Carmel. From 1839 42, Mr. Silbertus Kolb, Mr. J. Breivogel, George Fridrich, also George Weissenberger, with families, left the old country, Bavaria, and emigrated to Mt. Carmel, to try to make their fortune in America. The first services were held at Mt. Carmel, by the Rev. K. Muller, on the 20th August, 1840. At the same time several children were baptized. The first child that was baptized was Frances Michael, daughter of Francis Michael, et Regina Roth. At that time there was no church, no priesthouse and no resident priest at Mt. Carmel. From timé to time a priest came to keep services for the Catholics of Mt. Carmel. It'was not all the time the same priest who took care of the parish. Different priests of divers parts of the country came from 1810-1851 to Mt. Carmel, to celebrate mass and to perform the other priestly functions. So the church book gives the names of Rev. K. Muller. Rev. James Flyn, Rev. G. A. Hamilton, Rev. Fr. Fisher, and Rev. R. Weinzapfley, of St. Wendell, in Indiana. For a time the Catholics had no church, the services were held in private houses, and sometimes in the public school-house of Mt. Carmel. During the year, 1851, several other emigrants of Bavaria had come to Mt. Carmel or to the neighborhood of it. The best, known of them are: Simon Keer, Nicholas Goet, Larenz Keppel, Michael Berberich, Larenz Kander, Joseph Fuchs, George Brust, Michael Beyer, Andreas Doell, Robert Leefmann, John Krug, John Scherf, Charles Fleming, Fred Schupp, and several others. So it happened, that about 28 or 30 Catholic familes lived in and around Mt. Carmel, in the year, 1850. These fam- ilies came to the conclusion, that it would be best, to build a church and to get a resident priest. But from where should they get. the means, to do it, because nearly all of them were poor. But they did not despair, and com- menced at once. At first they asked the Rt. Rev. Bishop of Chicago for a resident priest, and in 1851, Rev. V. Burgos, a Spaniard, was sent by the Rt. Rev. Bishop, to take charge of the Catholics of Mt. Carmel. Rev. V. Burgos arrived at Mt. Carmel in the month of November, and remained there about three years. In these years a church was built, with hard work From data furnished by Father G. Jansen, Rector of St. Mary’s church. and great difficulties. They were not able to get an architect. Allthe members of the congregation had to help. Some of them were carpenters, and they provided for the carpenter work, others did the brick work. So the church was finished under the direction of Rev. V. Burgos. But not only did he lead the work; he also worked—performed as much labor as one of the working men. Mr. G. Wirth, Mr. Fr. Fuchs, and Mr. J. Breivogel took the greatest interest in the affairs of the church. When the church was finished, it was dedicated to God, and it received as patron the blessed Virgin Mary. under the title of St. Mary of Mt. Carmel. Also a dwelling-house was erected only a short time after the church had been finished. Rev. V. Burgos worked hard for the congregation, and remained there till Oct. 1854. When’ he left Mt. Carmel, the congregation had no resident priest for about four years. During this time the congregation had been attended by different priests, who came at certain times, to give services. In Aug., 1858, R. W. Repis came as pastor. He remained about six months, and after him, Rev. P. R. Kolopp was appointed as pastor. Since which time the church has had a resident priest, but many changes touk place in regard to the persons who attended the church. The church at Mt. Carmel is a brick building, and is 63x30. In the year, 1886, an addition was made to the priest- house under the direction of Rev. Louis Ruitter. In 1870, a frame church was erected seven miles west from Mt. Carmel, 73x60 feet, was finished in 1871, and at the dedication, as patron, was chosen St. Sebastian, and the congregation was called St. Sebastian congregation. This church is in Bellmont Precinct, formerly called Bonpas Precinct. The Catholic families of this con- gregation are forty. The congregation of Mt. Carmel purchased, in 1880, on the first of June, anice building of M. S. Landes. It isalarge frame building, and is now used for school and sister-house. It cost $2000. At the present time about 50 to 55 Catholic families belong to St. Mary’s congre- gation of Mt. Carmel. The sisters of the Precious Blood teach school. About thirty-five or forty children attend the school. St. JOHN’S GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CONGREGATION. BY GEO. V. KIRSCH. In the year of our Lord 1870, the Messrs G. V. Kirsch and William Bossecker, both members of the German Evangelical Lutheran Zion’s Congregation of Preble Township, Adams Co., Ind, where Rev. Gerhard Jaeb- ker preached, emigrated with their families to Tllinois to buy land, and settled near Cowling Station, Wabash Co., Ill. The next year the Messrs John Graesch, Sr., John Graesch, Jr., J. Henry Graesch, John Bossecker, Sr., Louis Bossecker, Peter and Adam Kirsch followed from the same congregaticn, These nine gentlemen or- ganized the German Evangelical Lutheran St. John’s congregation of Wabash Co., Ill. Services were now HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. held by Rev. F. R. Trawm, of Vincennes, Ind. and Rev. G. Mohr until August 11th, 1872. On this day the new built church was dedicated to the service of God, and the first pastor Rev. Christian Maeurer was ordained and introduced by Rev. F. R. Tramm and Rev. G. Mohr. In this same service, the introduced pastor baptized G. V. Kirsch, the son of G. V. Kirsch, Sr. and this was his first pastoral ministration. Charles Kirsch, Jacob Frei- berger, Ida Bossecker and Sophia Schaich were the first children who were confirmed in the church. The first marriage service was held for Rev. G. Mohr and Miss Louise Bossecker, daughter of John Bossecker, Sr. The first funeral sermon was held in church beside the re- mains of Peter Kirsch’s daughter. In the year 1874, the congregation joined the Missouri Synod. Year by year the congregation increased in num- ber by members coming from congregations near Evans- ville, Ind. and from Holland, Ind. At this day, Feb. 13th, 1883, the parish register shows 28 members and in all 142 individuals. The church and the parsonage are situated two miles north of Cowling, twelve miles southwest of Mt. Carmel, four miles northeast of Bell- mont and six miles northeast of Grayville, Il. Our present pastor, Rev. Philip M. Fritze, was born in Baltimore, Md., Dec. 29, 1858. He received his clas- sical education at the Concordia College in Ft. Wayne, Ind., and, having completed his course there, entered the Concordia Seminary in St Louis, Mo. in 1875 to stu- dy theology. August 18th, 1878, he was ordained as pastor of the German Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Congregation of Hobart, Ind. On the 24th day of Sep- tember he married Miss Emilie Chr. Grosse, daughter of the late teacher Grosse in St. Louis, Mo, Having re- ceived a call from our congregation in January, 1882, he accepted the call and, on the 17th day of February, was introduced as our pastor by Rev. G. Mohr. HISTORICAL SKETCH RESPECTING THE MISSIONARY WORK OF “THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA.” BY REV. WILLIAM L. LUEHRING. ‘Tt was in the year 1842, A. D., when the Ohio Con- ference of the Evangelical Association held its annual session in Pickaway county, Ohio, that the first mis- sionary of said denomination was sent to Wabash county, Ill. This new field of labor was designated as the Mt. Carmel mission of the Ohio Conference, and was sup- plied by Rev. C. Augenstein, who is at present (1883) in the decline of life, still serving one of our congrega- tions in Chicago. The above named mission might have been termed as practically almost unlimited ; for the faithful missionary traveled over about six counties in Illinois and Indiana, and preached the gospel wherever he found occasion so to do, although Wabash county constituted the centre, and thus received his first and 199 chief attention. The work of the above missionary did not consist in organizing such as had been heretofore identified with the church ; but it consisted, as it were, in plowing the fallow ground of the then somewhat morally neglected German inhabitants of Wabash county. The arduous but also efficient labor of the first mis- sionary was crowned with success, so that at the next session of conference he was able to report about 100 accessions to the church. The aggressive missionary, aided by one local preacher and one exhorter, also held a camp meeting on the land of P. Dundor, a former member of the Evangelical Association in Berks county, Pa. Rev. C. Augenstein thus has the honor of being the first German Protestant missionary in Wabash county, (although other so-called missionaries had vis- ited the county before, but proved to be ‘‘ hirelings,” and were rejected by the people.) The following year (1848) Rev. C. Lintner and Rey. A. Nikolai, both young and full of religious enthusiasm, traveled and preached the “word ” on this extensive mission territory ; and the third year Rev. A. Nikolai again and Rev. G. G. Platz; under the administration of the latter two missionaries the mission greatly thrived—the seed of the “word” germinated in many hearts and finally brought forth fruit. Numerically and financially the mission so prospered, that at Conference (1845) the Indiana appointments were detached from the Mt Car- mel mission, and called the Dubois mission; and the Mt. Carmel mission was converted into Mt. Carmel circuit. It may be of interest to some to give the names of the Evangelical preachers who in Wabash county preached the gospel: Augenstein, Lintner, Nikolai, Platz, Bretsch, Tobias, Mueller, Withaub, Trometer, Dickover, Messner, Fisher, Bockman, Fuchs, Kohl meyer, Hoffman, Kronmiller, Kleiber, Glauss, Gomer, Berger, Fisher, Mode and others. The following were some of the first members in Mt. Carmel and vicinity: H. Kraemer, William Proetzler, N. Lutz, P. Moyer, R. Beutelman, Steven Moyer, C. Seitz and L. Mueller. The above pames represent the “heads” of the first “ Evangelical” families. In the year 1847 a little brick church was erected on 4th near Cherry street ; for anumber of years this little ‘« Evangelical” society was noted for its spirituality. On quarterly or special meetings the “ Evangelicals” of Wabash and adjoining counties would meet in this lit- tle church to havea ‘‘ good time” together ; many souls were brought from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God. In the year 1873 a new brick church was built on the corner of 4th and Cherry streets, under the administra- tion of Rev. Joseph Meyer. The congregation at pre- sent (1883) numbers not quite 100 members—and has to battle with language difficulties—some of the young people (being more English than German) ought to have some English preaching, to which some of the old mem- bers object—this makes it exceedingly difficult for the " 200 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. preacher. A change for the better is needed—may it speedily come! The following were some of the first members in Lan- caster and vicinity : M. Bernhard, J. Fornhoff, M. Marx, Gierd Schaun and others. For many years Lancaster had but one church (union) in which the different denominations, represented here, held their public services; but in the year 1865 the “ Evangelicals ’’ built a church. The Lancaster society numbers about ninety-five members, and is in a some- what flourishing condition—nevertheless there is much room for improvement. During the last year a com- fortable parsonage was bought and paid for. May the members of the “ Evangelical Association” in Wabash county be a power for good, and an honor to their church. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. BY ALEXANDER LITHERLAND. In the year, 1862, through the continued labors of Wm. Hovis, the first class of the church of the United Brethren in Christ, in Wabash county, was organized at a small school house, one mile ard a half west of Friendsville. This class consisted of thirteen members, whose names are, Wm. Litherland, Susan Litherland, G.W. Litherland, Nancy Litherland, Joseph Litherland, Amy Litherland, David Dixon, Mary J. Dixon, Louisa Dixon, Wm. Deisher, Clementine Deisher, E.G. Mundy, Catharine Canady. The pastors of this class, while it remained here, were, Wm. Hovis, H. Severn, R Clark, C. H. Jones, M. Hale, 8. Stark. While under the care of S. Stark, the class, in 1866, was removed to what is known as old Cabbage Corners. While here the preachers that had charge of the class were, I. W. Williams, J. Bedwell, J. L. Cardwell, R. Ratcliff, J. Peachy, G. W. Burtner. In 1874, while uuder the pastoral care of G. W. Burtner, the class was dissolved, and one organized at Stoltz school-house, called Stoltz class, three miles west. of Friendsville. Surroundings were very favorable here, and the class was strengthened continually, so that in 1879, a board of trustees was appointed to build a house to worship in. Wm. Litherland was elected president of the board, and he went to work spending both his time and money in the work, and by his unceasing labors and the liberal help of’others, a church, bearing the name of Nye chapel, was erected in 1880, at Gard’s Point graveyard one mile and three-quarters southwest of the original place of organization where the class is now established, aud has a membership of fifty-five. The preachers that have had charge of Stoltz class are, R. L. Brengle, S. Zeller, Wm. McGinnis, 8. Bussard, 8. Keagy. ADAMS’ CORNER CLASS. In 1869, J. Bedwell, the U. B_ preacher, was invited to hold a series of meetings at Adams’ Corners, which he did and organized a small class, called Adams’ Corners’ class. This class increased, and continued to grow until they became so strong that they purchased the church belonging to the Lutheran and Evangelical Association organizations, and now they have a house to worship in. PLEASANT HILL CLASS. In December, 1882, a series of meetings were held by Rev. 8. Keagy at a school-house one mile and a half southeast of Lancaster, whieh resulted in the organiza- tion of a class called Pleasant Hill class, of the United Brethren in Christ, consisting of twenty-seven members. PLEASANT GROVE CLASS. In January, 1883, Rev. S. Keagy organized a class called Pleasant Grove class at a school-house four miles southwest of Lancaster, consisting of eleven mem- bers. All four of these classes are now in good condition. LAWRENCE COUNTY. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. BY REY. T. D. SPYKER. The history of this denomination, in Lawrence county, dates back to the year 1852, when George Stoltz emi- grated to this county from Perry county, Ohio, at which time he could hear of no organization south of Cumber- land county. In the next year, 1853, Daniel Stoltz, a brother of George, also came west, and settled near his brother. Daniel was a preacher of this church, and not only de- voted his attention to his temporal interest, but at once set tu work in the “Master’s vineyard.” It is said of some men: “They do very well where they are not known.” But not so with this man; he was loved most where best known ; he was aman of energy, and influ- ence, and spent much of his time and means in church work, and much of the success of this church, in south- ern Illinois, is owing to his spirit of self-sacrifice, and ear- nest devotion to the cause. A class was soon organized, consisting of the families of Daniel Stoltz, George Stoltz,and George Martin, with others amounting to about twelve members. This class was attached first to Hebron circuit, and its first pastor was Rev. J. G. Shuey, of Westfield, Ill. In 1854, a new mission was organized, embracing nearly all of Illinois, south of the Embarras river, five or six circuits having since been organized on the ground that was actually occupied in this mission. About the year 1870, the class mentioned, in connec- tion with the Methodist ehurch, built a comfortable house of worship, giving it the name of Pleasant Hill chapel. It is located about seven miles northeast of Sumner, and in accordance with its name stands upon a beautiful hill, This class grew slowly, until the year HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 201 1881, when, under the labors of Rev. S. Bussard, there was an extensive revival and a large ingathering to the church. It has, at present, a membership numbering one hundred and three. Several active and pious men have gone to rest from this organization, but have not left it without many young members that promise equal actively and piety. Among these men who have thus gone home are, Bros. Vannatta and Clingler. Pratrie Class—About the year 1854, two brothers, Harrison and Joel Petty, with their brother-in-law, Mr Stine, came, with their families, to this county, and lo- cated about five miles from where Pleasant Hill chapel now stands. These having been connected with this church in Perry county, Ohio, and desiring a home in it still, or- ganized under the labors of Bro. Stark, a class of seven members, consisting of the families of these three men. In the year 1874, they built a neat and comfortable chapel, known as Prairie chapel. Bros. Stine and Harrison Petty have been dead for several years, but some of the members of their families are still connected with this class. Joel Petty still lives near the church, and is still an active, energetic member. Several good families have, from time to time, been added to this class, and the number of its membership is, at present, about sixty. The chapel is located about three and a half miles north- west of Sumner. Union Class—Among the places occupied by Danl. Stoltz, was Peppel’s School-house, located about 3 miles from Pleasant Hill. Here his labors were very accept- able to young and old. At one time a young man out- \ side of the house, called a prominent member to him and gave him a respectable sum of money from the young men, as a tribute of respect to Bro. Stoltz. About the year 1856 or 1857, there was a meeting held at this place, by Bro. Stoltz, in connection with Rev. H. Elwell, that awakened a good deal of interest. Bro. Elwell was then a young man full of energy, and zeal, for the cause of Christ, and his labors are still spoken of by many in this county. A class was soon organized at this place, and several of the prominent members of Sumner Circuit refer to this organization, and the meetings held at this place, in connection with their conversion. This class gradually grew in numbers and influence, until they built a church upon the state-road, about 33 miles northeast of Sumner. This occurred about 1865 or 1866. They worshiped in this house until the year 1872, when an incident occurred that cast a gloom upon the whole community, and es- pecially upon those who were members of this class. At this time, Rev. S. H. Ross, the pastor, was holding a series of meetings at this place in connection with a quarterly meeting. His father, D. Ross, was presiding Elder of this district, and was assisting in the meet- ings. On Monday afternoon, after the people had returned home, from the forenoon service, Mr. Geo. Claycomb 26 ‘cumstances the fire was uncontrollable. looking toward the church, saw that the house was on fire. The alarm was given, and the friends of the imme- diate vicinity, came together, to find that, under the cir- Though the fire had made but little progress, there being no water near, they were compelled to stand by and see the fruit of their labor, and sacrifice reduced to ashes. Though the news of the disaster spread rapidly, many wended their way hopefully to that spot, that night, expecting to hear the word of the Lord expounded, and to worship him in the usual place, only to find their beloved resort io ruins. Many a community would have sat down in despair, and simply have mourned over their loss. Many a pas- tor would have yielded to circumstances and given up the situation, but these two men, father and son, were equal to the emergency, and this community were ready to rally at their bidding., A meeting was called almost before the smoke had died away, and almost as if by magic, there arose another house on the old site. This was a hard struggle, and required much self denial, but it is over, and many who engaged in it have gone home. Among these are the preachers that were present at the disaster, while many still live to speak of it as one of the sad hours of their lives. The organization of two new classgs has drawn largely from this class, yet it has a membership of about 64. There are a number of men of influence, and some young men of promise. Sand Barrens Class.—This class was organized under the labors of Rev. H. Elwell, about 1856. Among the first members was father Ghear, who has done much for this church in the way of labor and means. He still lives near the church that was built largely by his en- ergy, but his age interferes much with his activity. In the year 1871, Rev. J. Peachee came to the vi- cinity, and gave them valuable services. He now lives in Sumner, and is somewhat broken in health. Being a carpenter, he did much toward erecting a house of worship, which was done in the year 1874. This class, which was formerly a part of Lawrence Circuit, now belongs to Allendale Mission Church, located ten miles south of Lawrenceville. Broad Hollow Class.—This class was organized a. p. 1881, by Rev. S. Bussard, who has spent three years of active service in this county. It has recently received quite a number of accessions under the labors of Rev. 8. Keagy. Arrangements are now being made for the building of a house of worship, which will probably be done during the approaching summer. Rev. Pinner resides in the community and renders efficient help. This location is about five miles south of Lawrenceville. Fairview Class.—This class holds its meetings at a school-house about three miles northeast of Bridgeport. It was organized in the fall of a. p.1882, by Rev. S. Bassard, with twenty members. It has now twenty- seven members and gives some promise of success. A few of its members were transferred from Union Class. Sumner Class.—This class holds its meetings, in the 202 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. It also was or- It was organized It has now thirteen. Western Christian Church, in sumner. ganized in 1862, by Rev. 8, Bussard. first with nine members. Otterbein Class —The church occupied by this class is located in the northeast part of the county. It was or- ganized A, D. 1856, by Rev. 8. Bussard, then a quar- terly conference sermon preached in the absence of the pastor, Rev. Jackson. Brother Whitson was elected leader and Brother Hen- dricks steward. The class then consisted of five mem- bers. Brother Hendricks died some years ago. Brother Whitson still lives, and though old, is still very active in church work. Their house of worship was built a. p. 1864. It has a membership of fifty. It stands con- nected with Hebron Circuit. Centenary Class—-This class was organized, A. D. 1862, by Rev. Hovis, with about fifteen members. Built a house of worship in the edge of Richland county, A. D. 1872. It is a part of Olney Circuit. General Remarks.—About 1860, these appointments with others in Richland and Wabash counties were made to constitute Lawrence Circuit. Various changes were made from time to time, and at the Conference held at Parkersburg, Illinois, September, 1882, Pleasant Hill Prairie, Union, Fairview and Summer classes were made to constitute Summer Circuit, and the writer of this sketch appointed to it as pastor. A parsonage was built a. p. 1866, by Lawrence Cir- cuit, which is now used by Summer Circuit. Many of the men who gave their energies to the work of this church in Lawrence county, have ceased from their labors. Among these are Revs. Stark, Stotts, Clark, Brock, 8. H. Ross, and William McGinnis. The last two named died very recently. They were all men of energy and usefulness, and died triumphantly at their post. Revs. Elwell and Butner, have been transferred to other conferences. Revs. Brengle, Bussard, Zeller and Jones, are still doing good work in Lower Wabash Conference, in the bounds of which Summer Circuit is located. The work of this church in this county, has been attended with much privation and toil, but the men named have been equal to the task. This church has in this county a membership numbering about 375. CITY AND PRECINCT OF ALBION. EDWARDS COUNTY.* BIE history of the early settlement and subse- fi] quent progress and development of the town and precinct of Albion is attended with more bation than ordinary interest to the reader of the bitory of the now great commonwealth of Illinois. That the efforts of the founders were successful, the beautiful landscape of well-cultivated farms, dotted fare and there with richly constructed farm buildings, amply attest on every hand. Albion precinct is centrally situated in the county, from north to south, and extends itself entirely across the county, from east to west, comprising nearly one- third of its entire territory. The precinct is bounded on the north by the base line and Shelby precinct, on the east by Bonpas creek, on the south by French creek and Dixon precincts, and west by Wayne county and Shelby precinct, and comprises a part of townships 1 and 2 S.and ranges 10 and 11 east. Originally it was divided between prairie and timber land, the former interspersing the latter in a picturesque manner. The surface of the uplands is quite rolling, and the soil is a chocolate-colored clay loam, and is very productive. The bottom land along Bonpas creek is heavily timbered, the land being a deep alluvial soil, and especailly adapted to the culti- vation of maize, gra ses, etc. The principal streams are the Bonpas and Big creeks. The former constitutes the entire eastern boundary, and the latter is situated in the southwest, and discharges its waters into the Little Wabash. Two lines of railroad extend through the precinct, the Peoria, Decatur and Evansville passing from north to south, and the Louisville, Evansville and St. Louis road extending east and west, forming a junction with the former at the town of Browns. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. Really the first white men to loeate here were emi- grants from the South, about 1816 ; and as it is due to them that the first blow was struck toward civilization in this once wild region, we have given them a place in the history of this precinct; but as their stay was but transitory, the larger portion of the early settlement narration will be devoted to the English settlers, as it was they who mostly developed this part of the county, and have made it one of the richest communities in the state. *For much of the data of this chapter relating to the early English settlement, we are indebted to the notes prepared by George Flower, now deceased. Of the former class we find the names of Jeremiah Birk, Walter Anderson, Hugh Collins, John Hunt, Rollin and Joseph Lane and William Ham. These were located in a settlement in the west part of the precinct, a little north of Big creek. From the best information at this date, Mr. Birk, or Captain Birk, as he was sometimes denominated, was the first to locate in the wilds of Albion precinct; and we here take the liberty of quoting from Mr. George Flower’s account as given by him on his first approach of Birk’s cabin: “In my wanderings, the thought struck me of finding out Captain Birk, mentioned tu me by my old friend Sloo, of Cincinnati, as being hereabouts, the oldest settler in these parts. Going in the direction in which I thought he lived, I espied a trail, made by the dragging of a log. Following this, I suddenly came to a worm fence inclosing asmall field of fine corn, but could see no dwelling. I wished to see Birk, but felt a little diffidence in appearing before the captain in my desha- bille; for after several days’ travel and two nights’ camping out, my toilette was considerably compromised. Looking closely, I observed between two rows of corn a narrow path; this I followed until I came suddenly in sight of a small cabin, within twenty steps of me, a little lower than the surrounding corn. Looking in the direction of a voice, calling back a savage dog that had rushed out to attack me, I saw a naked man, quietly fanning himself with a branch of a tree. My first surprise over, finding his name was Birk, I told him who I was and my errand, at which he did not seem well pleased. What surprised me was the calm self-possession of the man. No surprise, no flutter, no hasty movements. He quietly said that he had just come from mill at Princeton, thirty miles distant, and was cooling himself a bit. His cabin, 14x12 feet, and 7 feet high, with earth for a floor, contained a four-post bedstead ; said posts driven into the ground, were sprout- ing with buds, branches and leaves. The rim of an old wire sieve, furnished with a piece of deer-skin punctured with holes, for sifting meal, a skillet and a coffee-pot were all the culinary apparatus for a family of seven. A small three-legged stool and a rickety clap-board table was the only furniture. An ox lay at the door and a rifle stood against the wall. Himself and boys, when clothed, wore buckskin ; his wife and three daugh- ters were dressed in flimsy calico, sufficiently soiled, and not without rents.” Such is part of the description as given by Mr. Flower of the first pioneer of the precinct. 2) Mr. Birk moved to the “Sangamo” country about 1819. He was a genuine hunter and backwoodsman, and could not bear the onward progress of civilization. To use his own language, he “did not want to live where neighbors were so plenty; that to see three neighbors within a day’s ride was sufficient for him.” The prairie, near this little improvement, is yet known as Birk’s Prairie. Walter Anderson, before mentioned, cultivated a small patch of ground in section 30, and it is said that he planted on his place the first orchard in the county. This was about 1817. He, like Birk, remained but a short time, when he removed to a less civilized part of the country. Hugh Collins settled in section 20, and in a year or two sold his improvement to John Woods, Senior. John Hunt, of the same settlement, died here in 1820, leaving quite a family of children. But one of his descendants, a grandson, James T. Hunt, is now living; he resides about one mile northwest from the old farm of his grandfather. Rollin and Joseph Lane, and William Ham moved away long ago, noné living now to tell where or whence they went. In 1817, a new era opened to this part of the west. Morris Birkbeck and George Flower, both well-to-do Englishmen, came to this country, the latter in 1816, and the former one year later. They had known each other in England, and on meeting in this country, they mutu- ally agreed to explore the western country together, and if possible find the new Eldorado that was then agitating the minds of the people of the south and east. They had heard of the beautiful prairies of the Illinois territory, and so infatuated were they with the glowing accounts given, that they determined to see for themselves; and if it came up to their expectation, it was their intention to plant a colony of their own countrymen within the western wilds. They left Richmond, Virginia, in the spring of 1817, party being composed of Mr. Birkbeck and family, and Mr. Flower. Mr. B. was a widower, but had four children with him, two sons and two daughters, named respectively, Bradford, Charles, Eliza, and Prud- ence. There were also four others in the party, a servant boy of Mr. Birkbeck’s named James Gillard, Miss Eliza J. Andrews, Elias P. Fordham, and ElizAbeth Garton, an orphan girl adopted by Mr. Birkbeck. Miss Andrews was well acquainted with the Birkbeck family in Eng- land, and desired to share the adventures with them in the new world. She afterwards became the second wife of Mr. Flower. The journey was a long and tedious one, the distance being made by stage and horseback. At Princeton a halt was made, and suitable quarters cbtained for the parties except those who proposed to press forward and find the goal of their ambition. This trio was composed of Mr. Birkbeck, and his son Bradford, and Mr. Flower. After several days’ travel they came in sight of Bolting- house Prairie, and the emotions it brought forth when it first met their gaze, I will givein Mr. Flower’s own lan- guage. He says, “Bruised by the brushwood and exhausted HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. by the extreme heat, we almost despaired, when a small cabin and a low fence greeted our eyes. A few steps more, and a beautiful prairie suddenly opened to our view. At first, we only received the impressions of its general beauty. With longer gaze, all its distinctive features were revealed, lying in profound repose under the warm light of an afternoon’s summer sun. Its in- dented and irregular outline of wood, its varied surface interspersed with clumps of oaks of centuries growth, its tall grass with seed stalks from six to ten feet high, like tall and slender reeds waving in a gentle breeze, the whole presenting a magnificence of park scenery, com- plete from the hand of nature, and unrivalled by the same sort of scenery of European art. For once, the reality came up to the picture of imagination. Our station was in the wood, on rising ground; from it, a descent of about a hundred yards to the valley of the prairie, about a quarter of a mile wide, extending to the base of a majestic slope, rising upward for a full half mile, crowned by groves of noble oaks. A little to the left, the eye wandered up a long stretch of prairie for three miles, into which projected hills and slopes, covered with rich grass and decorated with compact clumps of full-grown trees, from four to eight in each clump. From beneath the broken shade of the wood, with our arms raised above our brows, we gazed long and steadily, drinking in the beauties of the scene which had so long been the object of our search.”’ Their ideal of the vast rolling prairies of the west was fully realized and verified, and now came their plans for action. After long and deliberate consultation, it was decided that they should jointly put together all the. means that they could then command, and Mr. Birkbeck was to proceed at once to Shawneetown, the general land-office, and enter as much land as possible with his means at hand, while Mr. Flower was to hasten to Eng- land for more money, and also to superintend and-ex- pedite the scheme of forwarding emigrants to form the new colony. Mr. Birkbeck, it was understood, should return to their lately bought possession, to prepare and receive the emigrants. Both fulfilled the part they had to perform, and the English colony becamea reality. Too much cannot be said of the indomitable energy and perseverance of these two pioneers; nay, more should be said; they were among the foremost philanthropists of their age. They left a home of plenty, surrounded with the comforts of life that wealth can give, and took upon themselves the hardships, sufferings and dangers of the pioneer. Through their efforts, many of their country- men were provided with comfortable homes, not having means sufficient, in their own country, to supply them. They risked their all in this mammoth enterprise, and virtually speaking, lost all, both of them dying comparatively poor in worldly means. Both were strong anti-slavery men, and did much to prevent the slave system being planted in the State of Illinois. Mr. Birkbeck, until his death, had a large influence in matters of State of the new formed commonwealth, Ut ili Te IN eas So a pee STE TENE EDWARDS CO./LL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 205 having the honor of receiving. the appointment of Secre- tary of State under the administration of Governor Coles in 1824. He was drowned in Fox river, near New Harmony, Indiana, in 1825. His remains were found and buried at the same place. Itis but a short time since that a friend of the family received a letter from the Hon. E. B. Washburn, stating that he would be re- sponsible for a donation of five hundred dollars toward erecting a suitable monument to Mr. Birkbeck’s memory, providing his remains could be brought to the State of his adoption, and place of his noble efforts. It is to be hoped that the future historian may be able to record the epitaph inscribed upon the proposed monument. After Mr. Birkbeck’s death his children scattered to the four corners of the earth, all of whom are dead, except Eliza, wife of Gilbert T. Pell, who, at last accounts, was residing in Australia. Mr. Flower lived some years after Mr. Birkbeck, and aided, as well as his crippled means would permit, to build up the little colony, being one of the founders of the neat little city of Albion. He died at Grayville the 15th day of January, 1862. We insert the following closing words of tribute, paid to Mr. Flower by Dr. Barry, then librarian of the Chicago Historical Society, and which appeared in the Chicago Tribune of March 22, 1862: “On the morning of the 15th of January last, there lay, under the loving and sad watch of dear friends, at Gravville, the sinking form of the aged man, whose worth we have poorly attempted to set forth, and the partner of his long and chequered life. But a week before they had expressed the hope, often repeated, that, happily united in life, they might not be divided in their death. While the rays of the morning sun were gilding the room of the fond wife, she expired; and soon after the going down of the same day’s sun, followed, to his last and welcome rest, the spirit of George Flower.” Only three of Mr. Flower's family are living ; Camillas resides a little south of Albion; Alfred lives in Paris, Edgar county, and a daughter resides at Grayville, LIli- nois. Another pioneer of 1817, was Alan Emmerson, a na- tive of Kentucky, who, in an early day, emigrated to the Territory of Indiana. He was then a single man, but subsequently, in 1810, he married Nancy Mounce, and in the summer of 1817, he moved with his family to Edwards county, and located in section 4, township 2 south, range 10 east. There were four pioneer children, Martha, Jesse, Sanford, and Indiana. The latter died soon after their coming. and is said to be the first death in the precinct. Mr Emmerson entered a quarter sec- tion of land, erected a log cabin, and commenced the life of a pioneer. After many privations and hard struggles, he improved a good farm and enjoyed the fruits of his labors. Having the confidence of the people and extended acquaintance, he was elected, several times, to fill offices of trust by their suffrages. He was elected County Judge fora succession of terms, filled the office of County Treasurer and Assessor, and served one term in the State Legislature. Heand his wife both died in 1876, Centennial year. They were widely known, and their loss to the community was mourned by a large circle of friends. Only one of the pioneer children is now living, Jesse, who resides in Albion, and is one among three of the oldest pioneers in the county. Rev. John Depew emigrated from the South in 1817, and located joining farms with Mr. Emmerson. He was the first Methodist preacher in this part of the country, and so fastidious with regard to his religious views, that upon one occasion, when invited to eat honey that was taken from a bee tree on Sunday, he utterly refused the sweet morsel, although very fund of it. He remained here but a few years, moving to Marion county in 1820. One of the oldest settlers of this part of the state was James Chism, a native of Virginia, who came to II- linois Territory—now Wabash county—in 1813. He located at Bald Hill Prairie, near the center of the coun- ty. His family consisted of his wife Sarah, and three children, Ellen, Elisha and Permelia. The father and mother died more than half a century ago. Elisha is the only one of the family living. He resides in Albion, and is one of the oldest surviving pioneers, in either Ed- wards or Wabash counties. William and John Woodland were from South Caro- lina, and came to the precinct in 1817, and located about four miles west of Albion. They both went off with the Mormons. The heavy tide of immigration commenced in 1818. It was in this year that Mr. Flower sent from England the first ship load of immigrants, and this was®but the precursor of what followed in the way of immigration until 1820, and perhaps later. Among those who came at that early date, and who have descendants yet resi- ding in the county, are the following: Joel Churchill, John Woods, Sr., John Tribe, Brian Walker, William Nich- ols, Hugh Ronalds, John Brissenden, William Wood, William Fewkes, George Woodham, William Hartis, John Skeavington, Elias Weaver, Henry Sydney, and John Spring, Henry Birkett, James O. Wattles, and several others. It would be impossible in this chapter to give space to all the numerous newcomers of the years 1818, 19, 20, Mr. Churchill, above mentioned, was one of the im- migrants of 1818. At his coming, he was a single man. He entered quite a large tract of land southeast of Al- bion, where he located and remained until 1823, when he moved to Albion. In 1824, he married Eliza Simp- kins by which union eleven children were born, nine of whom are living. Mr. Churchill led a busy and active life. He died in the spring of 1872 ,in the city of Albion. Mrs. Churchill is yet living, and is active for one of her age. Charles and James Churchill are prominent business men in Albion. John Tribe came to the precinct in 1819, and located at Wanborough. He was then a single man, and a carpenter by trade. Some time after coming he married Jane Stanley. A large family were reared by them, eight of whom are now residents of the coun- 206 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. ty. William B. Tribe, a son, is the present efficient Circuit Clerk of Edwards county. Mr. Tribe was noted for his intelligence and goodness of heart, He died at Albion in August, 1880, his wife surviving him. John Woods, Sr., came to Edwards county in the fall of 1819, and located in Wanborough. His family then consisted of his wife and five children, William, John, Jr., George, Ann, and Elizabeth. One son was born in the county, Thomas T. Mr. Woods subsequent- ly moved to Albion, and thence to Shawneetown, where he died. Two of the pioneer children are living, John, Jr., and George. The former is a merchant in Albion, now upwards of eighty years of age. In 1829, he mar- ried Elizabeth Penfold, daughter of Abraham Penfold, another pioneer, who located in Wanborough, in 1819. John, Jr. held the office of County Treasurer for about forty years. George Woods is residing in Wisconsin, and Thomas T. is a prominent farmer in Albion precinct. Other settlers of about the same date, were three bro- thers, Moses, John, and George Michels, who were na- tives cf the state of Maine. The former was elected to the State Legislature for the term of 1820-22. George, Jr., a son of the pioneer George, is a resident of Albion. A prominent accession to the colony in 1821, was Gen. William Pickering, a native of Yorkshire, Eng- land. He made his first settlement in the Village Prai- rie, but subsequently moved to Albion. He was the first to introduce blooded stock from England to the new colony. In 1824, he married Martha Flower, sister of George Flower. Mr. Pickering took a lively interest in all ofatters of State, and became a leading Whig poli- tician. He represented his constituency in the State Legislature from 1842 to 1852. He was an intimate friend of Abraham Liucoln; on the latter’s election to the presidency, he appointed him governor of Washington Territory. He died at his son’s residence, near Albion, in 1875. Only one of the family is now living in the county, Richard, who resides in section 2, a little west of Albion. A prominent settler of 1827, was Alexander Stewart, who was born in Scotland, and a descendant of one of the old Scotch families. He landed in New York City, in the fall of 1818. On Christmas of the same year he reached Illinois and located in Carmi, White county. His family then with him consisted of five sons, and his wife Mary, nee McLaughlin. Four daughters were left in Scotland, who afterwards came to America in 1824. One of the sons, Alexander, Jr., came to Edwards coun- ty in 1827, and located in Albion, his family then being his wife and one daughter. He commenced the business of blacksmithing, which occupation he followed for sey- eral years. Subsequently he engaged in the mercantile and pork-packing business, etc. He was very success- ful in all his transactions, and retired from active life in 1876, with a good competency. He is yet residing in Albion with a host of friends, who feel that their com- munity has been largely bettered by the industry and example of Mr. Stewart. Two sons, Charles and Ed- win, are extensive merchants in Albion. George Bower, Sen., was another early settler, and came from Germany to the United States in 1827, and in 1831 he moved to Albion. He had a family of three children, Adam, John and Margaret. Two children were born to the family after coming—George, jr., and Henry. Mr. Bower was a potter by occupation, and was one of the first to establish the business in Edwards county. He wasa useful citizen in his day; both he and his wife died some years ago. Only three of the family are now living—Adam, John and George, junr., all of whom reside in Albion. Among other early resi- dents of the precinct are: F. W. Johnson, Joseph Skeav- ington, John Walker, Joseph Mitchels, Mary A. Mor- gan, Charles Nichols, Mrs. Sarah J. Daver, nee Wells, George, Francis, and Lucius Harris, Dr. F. B. Thomp- son, Dr. H. L Dixon, John Smith, 8. N. Dalby and his wife (Sarah H., nee Skeavington), George Gillard, George Bunting, William Bowman, and others. Believing that the lands first entered in the several townships of the precinct will pruve of interest to the present and future readers of history, we here present them : The following are those for the years 1816, '17, ’18, within twp. 1 south, range 10 east of 8d P.M.: Oct. Ist, 1816, Henry Houston entered the southwest quarter of section 29. January 27th, 1817, Alexander West entered the east half of the northeast quarter of section 31. Sept. 12th, 1817, John Embree entered the south- east quarter of section 27, Sept. 26th, 1817, Benjamin Clark entered the east half of the northeast quarter of section 19. Oct. 3d,1817, Gorum A. Worth entered the northeast quarter of section 20. Oct. 13th, 1817, Wm. Embree entered the southwest quarter of section 27. Same day, Edward Mitchell entered the southwest quar- ter of section 38. Jan. 13,1818, James Emmerson en- tered the northeast quarter of section 28, April 14, 1818, Henry Houston entered the east half of the south- east quarter of section 19. May 4, 1818, John Houston entered the west half of the northwest quarter of section 20. July 6, 1818, Morris Birkbeck entered all of sec- tion 2. September 17, 1818, Robert Leslie entered the northwest quarter of section 20. Same day, William Baston entered the southwest quarter of section 32. August 16, 1818, Hugh Reynolds entered the east half of the southeast quarter of section 29. November 12, 1818, James Green entered the northwest quarter of section 36, Sept. 17, 1818, J. and J. Dunlap entered all of section 30 in twp. No. 1 south, range 11 east. The following entries are in twp. No. 2 south, range 11 east: Nov. 2, 1814, J. G. Pattson and G. Loftis entered all of section 18. May 15, 1818, Wm. Nichols entered all of section 6. June 13, 1818, George Nichols entered all of section 7. The following entries are in twp. 1 south, range 14 west of the 2d P.M.: Morris Birkbeck entered all of sections 4 and 5. Dee. 8, 1818, Richard Flower entered the southwest quarter of section 33. The following entries are in twp. No. 2 south, range 14 west of the 2d P.M.: May 15, 1818, J. Woods and 207 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. others entered the east half of the northeast quarter of section 6. July 25, 1818, J. Sherrington and T. Brown entered the west half of the northwest quarter of section 7. Same day, John Brissenden entered the southwest quarter of section 7. The following are the earliest en- tries made in twp. 2 south, range 10 east: September 14, 1816, Walter Anderson entered the northwest quar- ter of section 7. September 28, 1816, Robert Anderson entered the southwest quarter of section 7. October 7, 1816, Hugh Collins entered the southeast quarter of section 19. October 14, 1816, Sidney Spring entered the northeast quarter of section 18. Same day, Samuel Anderson entered the northwest quarter of section 18. October 23, Rollin Lane entered the southeast quarter of section 18. October 24, 1816, Joseph Lane entered the northeast quarter of section 19. October 30, 1816; John Hunt entered the southwest quarter of section 17. November Ist, 1816, Daniel Grove entered the east half of the northeast quarter of section 24. May 22d, 1816, Jeremiah Birk entered the northwest quarter of section 29. October 12, 1816, Wm. Ham entered the south- west quarter of section 30. January 19, 1817, Uriel Emmerson entered the east half of’ the southeast quarter of section 5. Feb. 18, 1817, John Woodland, senior, entered the northeast quarter of section 8. May 12th, 1817, Alan Emmerson entered the northwest quarter of section 4. Several other tracts were entered in 1817-18, but are too numerous to record. One of the customs of those early days was the re- quirement of every one of lawful age to meet at some designated point and muster once a year, or be fined for non-attendance. The first muster was held at Bolting- house prairie in the spring of 1820. The rank and file not being supplied with arms, corn-stalks and hoe-han- dles were substituted. To get a vivid account of these trainings, and the consequent amusements accruing therefrom, it. is absolutely necessary to receive a descrip- tion of the same, first-handed, from the pioneer. That the present generation may have some idea of the prices of general merchandise, as compared with the price of produce, we here give a table of the leading articles: Sugar per potind . 2. . 24 tw a & . 87/40. Coffee Os, ale a eG ae tae. Gea Rage Bs . 6244 Sheeting per yard. ...... ged) (Sy 2 eh. Cepek et00, Prints GO, oe Ga Roa oe a ee oe w BTg Neila per POUNd.cs se as ka Keene sw aee eeu we 25 Tea-cups and saucers pergset. . . - 1 ee ee ee eee 75 Plates GO. pie. ce are AS Re SL eS $1.00 All kind of produce was very low, as the following will show: Corn per bushel. «2. ee ee ee ee eee ee ee 10 Pork per 100 Ibs... 20 eee eee eee eee It is yet told of Benjamin Skinner trading 1800 lbs. of dressed pork for a saddle. It will be seen from the above quotations what the first settlers were obliged to undergo in order to supply a living competency for their families, A DEPARTED GLORY. The first town laid out in this precinct was by Morris Birkbeck in the month of August, 1818, and situated in township two south, range eleven east, and about two miles due west of Albion. The latter town came into existence a few months later, and they thus became rival. villages. For a time Wanborough was in the ascendency, having a population of about 159 inhahi - tants, while Albion had but thirty. Indeed, Wan- borough had become a place of considerable pioneer im- portance, having at the height of its glory, a stocking factory, one store, a flouring mill with two run of stones (Hine and Knight proprietors), besides other shops and industries above the average frontier town. It was laid out in five-acre lots, Mr. Birkbeck believing that every town family should have sufficient ground to raise all necessary vegetables, etc., and that it was conducive to the morals of the community that the children of neigh- bors should not be brought into too close contact with one another. After the county seat was established at Albion, Wanborough began to wane, and it was but a few years when all the business had been removed to Albion, so that to-day, Wanborough is only a thing of the past; nothing left to mark the spot, that this was ouce the site of a town named after the beloved home of Mr. Birkbeck back in old England. ALBION. This town was laid out by George Flower & Co., in October, 1818, and as already stated, only about three months after Wanborough was platted. For the details of its birth we are indebted to the notes of Mr. Flower. He says: “As yet I had done nothing in erecting buildings for the public in general, as there had been no time. One evening, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Ronalds, and I think, Mr. Fordham, called at my cabin, when we discussed the measures that should be taken to form some village or town, as a centre for those useful arts necessary to agriculture. Every person wanted the services of a carpenter and blacksmith. But every farmer could not build workshops at his own door. Daylight ceased, darkness followed. We had no can- dles, nor any means of making artificial light. Ona pallet, mattress, or blanket, each one took to his couch, and carried on the discussion. After much talk, we decided that what we did do should be done in order, and with a view to the future settlement, as well as our own present conveniences. The tract of forest lying be- tween Mr. Lawrence’s settlement in the Village Prairie, on its southern border, and mine at the north of the Boltinghouse Prairie, was about three and a-half miles through. Somewhere in the centre of this tract of woodland seemed to be the place. To the right of this spot, eastward, lay, about a mile distant, several prairies running north and south for many miles, and others running east and west to Bonpas creek, from three to five miles distant. Northeast from Mr. Lawrence’s ‘ cabin, prairies of every form and size continued on in- 208 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. definitely. About two miles west, and beyond Wan- borough, were numerous small and fertile prairies, ex- tending to the Little Wabash, from six to ten miles dis- tant. On the south was my own beautiful prairie. Thus the spot for our town, in a central situation, was selected. Now for a name. We were long ata loss. At last we did what almost all emigrants do, pitched on a name that had its association with the land of our birth. Albion was then and there located, built, and peopled in imagination. We dropped off, one by one, to sleep, to confirm in dreams the wanderings of our waking fancies.” It was agreed the next morning, before separating, that they should meet on the following day as follows: Messrs. Flower and Fordham were to leave home at a given hour the morning following, and travel due north from Mr. Flower’s dwelling, and at the same hour in the morning, Mr. Lawrence and Mr. Ronalds were to travel south from their homes in the Village Prairie, and that the place of meeting should be the place of the imaginary town. The programme was carried out, and the place of meeting was in rather an open space of woodland, and the ground level. They said, ‘“‘ Here shall be the centre of the town.’ The spot of their meeting is now the public square of Albion. This selected ground is situated in the northeast portion of township two south, and range eleven east of the third principal meridian. The surveying and platting of the town was entrusted to Mr. Fordham. One of the company went to Shawneetown and entered one section, which was all laid off in town lots, with a large and commodious square in the centre. The blocks imme- diately around, and on the main streets, were divided into quarter-acre lots. The hlocks outside were divided into half acres. As the distance increased from the centre, the lots increased in size, until the outer belt of allotments comprised five and seven acres. No addi- tions have been made since the laying off the town. It still remains one mile square. What is somewhat pe- culiar about the platting, is that not a street in the town was given aname. By common consent of the citizens the street north of the square is called Church street ; that on the east, Park street; on the south, Main street ; and the one in the west, Depot street. No other streets have ever received adopted names. The first house built in the town was a double log cabin, and situated on Main street, southeast of the square, and was constructed for atavern. John Pitcher was the landlord. Both have passed away long ago. The next building was a double and single log cabin, occupied for both a dwelling aud blacksmith shop. John Penfold was the smith. In the language of Mr. Flower, “ There stood Albion, no longer a myth, but a | reality, a fixed fact. A log tavern and a blacksmith shop.” Among the first business houses was the old market- house, situated in the square, a little south of the court- house. It was seventy-five feet long, standing on a stone foundation, and covered with a shingle roof. One division of it was fitted up for the reception of books, that were donated by the friends in England for the purpose of a nucleous to establish a library. The room was also used for public meetings and public worship. When Albion became the capital of the county in 1821, the first courts were held in the market-house. The first goods were sold by George Flower, and the store- house was situated on the hillside, back of George Fer- riman’s old store. Elias P. Fordham bought Mr. Flower’s little stock of goods, and after conducting the business for a short time he sold out to James Oliver, who conducted the business for several years. The first postmaster was a man by the name of La Serre, and the mail was kept in a log building just west of Frank Harris’ present dwelling. The first school was taught by Oswald Warrington, near Edgar Brandon’s residence. The first regular schoo] was conducted by John Love, in an old building which stood in the northeast corner of Robert Curdling’s lot. The first school-house was erected by four citizens of Albion, on the lot where the Cumberland Presbyterian church building now stands. The first church-house erected was in 1840. It was built by the Christian denomination ; it was constructed of brick, and is yet in a good state of preservation. The first mill was built in 1821, and located on the lot where James Churchill’s present residence stands. It was a tread mill run by four oxen and with no great capacity. The growth of the town was very slow until the county seat was-established here, when it took a new impetus, and built up quite rapidly. Its present popu- lation is about one thousand inhabitants. The precinct, according to census of 1880, contained 8 156 inhabitants. Incorporation —The town was organized under a general act of the State Legislature, and the first meet- ing of the Town Board was held December 3d, 1860, the following named persons being the officers elect of said board: Dr. F. B. Thompson, George Harris, George Bowman, Edgar W. Brandon and Edwin Dick- son. Dr. Thompson was chosen president of the board and George Bower wes appointed clerk pro tem. At a subsequent meeting held December 6th, Joseph Wil- liams Sr., was appointed village clerk, John Bower, treasurer, and K. A. Bowman, town constable. Re orgunization—At a meeting of the Town Council held November 2d, 1875, a petition was presented, signed by thirty-three legal voters of the town, asking that the question be submitted to the legal voters of the town of Albion, as to whether such town shall or- ganize as a village under the act providing for the incor- poration of cities and villages, approved April 10, 1872. The proposition was carried, and the fourth Tuesday of November, 1872, was named as the day for holding said election. The result of the vote was as follows: For village organization, 66 votes; against organization, 29 votes. Whereupon it was decided at their next regular session, that the town of Albion from henceforth should be duly incorporated as a village under said act Business Brock of CHURCHILL BROS. ALBION, ILLINOIS. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 209 The present officers are, William Curtis, president. Other members of the board, John Eastham, George Baker, John Wilson, William Runcie, Lucius Harris, and Edward Craig, clerk. Street commissioners, John W. Brown; treasurer Edgar W. Brandon; city marshal, Joseph Ibbotson ; city attorney, J. M. Campbell. PRESENT BUSINESS. Anchor Mills, Steel & Harris, proprietors. This in- dustry was established in 1874, by Smith Bunting and Walker, and took the present firm name in December, 1881. They are situated on the east side of Depot street, near the Air Line depot. The building is a frame, three stories high, and a basement. The main building is 40x50 feet in size; the engine-room is a brick one story, 30x40 feet; a warehouse detached is 30x60 feet. The estimated value of capital invested is $12,000. It contains four run of stone, with a capacity of manufacturing 125 barrels daily, and gives employment to seven men. It does both merchant and custom work, and ships mainly to New York, Phila- delphia and New Orleans. The principal brands are, “ Level Best,”’ “Gilt Edge,” “ Rosette,’ and “ Southern Belle.” The mill is driven by a fifty horse-power engine. Albion Flouring Mills, owned and operated by Hodg- son Brothers, and located in the east part of the town, on out-lot No. 36. This mill was built in the summer of 1857, by John Hodgson, and was the first steam flouring mill erected in Albion. The present firm have been the proprietors since August, 1863. It is a three story frame building, and 40x53 feet on the ground. The capital invested is about $9,000. It contains three run of burrs, with a capacity of grinding forty barrels of flour per day, and furnishes employment to three men. It does both merchant and custom work, and ships mainly to the south. The annual value of manufactured product is about $40,000. Power of engine, thirty horse. Packing House of C. 8. Stewart & Co. This industry was established by Alexander Stewart in 1843. He continued the business until 1875, when it passed wholly into the hands of his sons. The pork house is sit- uated in the southwestern part of town, and is 38x100 feet in size, and two stories high, the basement story being brick. It has the capacity of packing 3,000 hogs in the season, and when in full operation it employs ten men. The product is shipped mainly to Cincinnati. Other packing houses have been in operation at Albion, but have recently gone out of business. ; Wagon and Plow Factory—This establishment is conducted by Painter & Frankland, and is situated on Church street, north of the public square. The busi- ness was commenced in 1868. The shops comprise the wood-working portion of the buildings, 25x38 feet, brick, one and one-half stories; blacksmith shop 20x80, one story, i paint shop 20x70, two stories besides two lumber sheds, each 60 feet in length. The annual manufacture of wagons and plows will average about seventy of the former and six hundred of the latter, with a value ranging from $12,000 to $15,000. Ten men are given employment. The plow manufactured is a patent belonging to the company, and is known as the “Stump Plow.” It is sold both east and west. Wagon and Carriage Factory, George Bower, pro- prietor. It is situated on the south side of Main street, one block east of the sqygre, and the business was estab- lished in 1860, by the firm of Tribe & Bower. It con- tains two frame buildings, the wood-shop being one and one-half stories high and 22x60 feet in size; the black- smith shop is about 40x50 feet. This factory turns out, annually, about twelve buggies and twenty wagons, giving employment to four men. Furnishes home de- mand and neighboring counties with carriages and wagons. Cooper Shop of A. Bassett is situated on the west side of Depot street, near the Anchor Mills. The busi- ness was established by Mr. Bassett in about 1876. The building is a frame, one story, 22x56 feet, with store room 18x50 feet. Both loose and tight work are manu- factured. Four men are employed. Value of manu- factured product per year, about $5,000. Cigar Manufactory was established in 1875, by Frank Dalby, and came into the hands of the present pro- prietor, J. C. Ferriman in November, 1882. It is located in the Craig Block, southwest from the square. Three men are employed, and a product of about $3,000, manu- factured per annum. Brick Yard of Bassett & Sons commenced operations as early as 1850. It is located in the south part of town, just across from the Air Line railway. When in opera- tion it gives employment to twelve hands, and burns about 400,000 bricks each season. Ships largely to the southern parts of the state. Carding Mill, owned by Mrs. John Tribe. This mill was established by John Tribe, at Wanborough as early as 1827. In 1836, it was moved to Albion, where it was conducted by Mr. Tribe until his death. It is yet in running order and located on out-lot number 88, in the west part of*the town. In an early day it did all the carding for the citizens for many miles around. Albion Marble Works, B. F. Thrall proprietor, are situated on the south side of Main street, two and a-half blocks west of public square. These works were estab- lished in the spring of 1880, by Mr. Thrall. Two men are employed, and a product of about $1,800 is turned out annually. Besides the above the town contains a good library ; a well drilled cornet band with nineteen instruments, the members all uniformed ; an excellent school build- ing; four good church buildings, Presbyterian, Metho- dist, Episcopal, and Christian; also two Hotels. The side walks are well kept, and numerous shade trees abound in every part of the city. 210 BUSINESS HOUSES, TRADES, ETC. General Stores—Churchill Bros., Harris Bros, C. 8. 8. Stewart & Co., John Woods, Frank M. Martin and K. A. Bowman. Groceries, Queensware, etc—Frank Dalby, George Baker, Edward Craig, John Hands, Jacob Michels. Hardware and Stoves—Charles H. Mann, John Skeavington. Stoves and Tinware-—George Weaver, Harry Dalby. Druggists and Pharmacists—B. F. Michels, John C. Ferriman, H. F. Low. Dry Goods—H. Wagoner. Clothing, Hats, Caps, ete—N. Gross & Co. Merchant Tailor —S. N. Dalby. Harness, Saddlery and Hardware.—James T. Craig & Son. Harness and Saddlery.—H. P. Craig, Richard Curd- ling. Furniture and Undertaking.—Craig Bros. Furniture Store—K. A. Bowman. Undertaker —John Bower. Lumber Merchants —W. H. Brown, John Smith, Eli Bunting. Agricultural Implements—John Skeavington, Painter & Frankland, li Bunting. Blacksmiths—Robert Hall, W. H. Jobns, T. J. Chism. Bakeries and Restauranis—Frank Dalby, George Baker. Boot and Shoe Stores—R. Curdling and Son, John Batson. Books and Stationery — William Runcil. Florists.—S. N. Dalby, Mrs. J. R. Jacobs. Jeweler—John W. Leonard. Physicians.—F. B. Thompson, L. W. Low, H. L Dixon, A. Low, H Walters, J. C. McClurkin, 8. D. Low. Grain Dealers and Shippers —Harris Bros,, C. S Stewart & Co., John Eastham, Meat Market —E. Chism, L. C. Bond. Milliner—Misses Williams. Milliners and Dressmakers —Misses Smith and West. Dressmakers —Miss Miller, Miss 8. Simpkins. Livery Stables—John Sentance, T. J. Killough. Barber—Samuel Payne. Contractors and Builders.— Elias Weaver, J. C, Weaver, Hall & Tribe, John Bower, Masons, Bricklayers and Plasters-—William Borrell, George Horton, George Bassett. Stone Mason.—Hugh Denoon. Painter and Glazier—E, W. Brandon. Photographers.—F. B. McConnell, J. W. Belts. Postmaster —J. Churchill. Hotels.—W oods House, E. and L. Woods, proprietors ; Bowman House, William Bowman, proprietor. Newspapers, — Albion Journal, Morris Emmerson, editor ; Albion News, Walter Colyer, editor, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. SOCIETIES, * Hermitage Lodge, A. F, and A.M., No 356, was chartered the 3d of October, 1860, with eight charter members. The present membership is 56. The whole number of names enrolled on the lodge books is 98. The lodge meets in its hall over Churchill Bros. dry goods store. Financially it is in good standing. Albion Lodge, No. 181, A. O. W. W., was organized and chartered April 7th, 1881, with 38 charter mem- bers; it now numbers 41. The whole number enrolled is 48. The lodge meets in Temperance Hall the first and third Tuesday of each month. Its finances are in excellent condition. Albion Division, No. 157, 8. of T. was chartered November 27th, 1848, with 11 charter members, eight of whom are yet living, and four of the same are still members of the lodge. Present membership, 85; whole number enrolled, 840. The lodge meets at Division Hall every Monday evening. It is out of debt, and sufficient means in treasury to conduct the lodge. Tradition says that there was an organization of Masons and Odd Fellows in Albion as early as 1819. TOWN OF FRAZIER (BROWNS). This town was laid off and planted by John Hender- son, December 26th, 1880, and placed of record, Decem- ber 28th, of the same year, and described as follows: Commencing at a stone corner in the N. E. corner of the N. W. 3 of sec. 4, Tp.28., R. 14 W. of the 2d P. M. The town takes its name from the prairie in which it is situated—F razier’s prairie. BUSINESS OF THE TOWN. Tile Factory, Boren & Beloat, proprietors. It is situated two blocks east of the depot, on the south side of the Air Line railway, and was established in the sum- mer of 1882. The shed of the works is 18 by 250 feet in size; the tile mill is Penfield’s patent, and has the capacity of manufacturing 8,000 feet of tile per month.- The works give employment to five men. The size of tile made is from 3 to 8 inches, and the estimated value of manufactured product per year is $4,000. Three hundred cords of wood are consumed during the season. St. Charles Hotel—Milton Westfall, proprietor. Physician.—J. H. Harris. Physician, Druggist, and Pharmacist—A. W. Messick. Groceries, Notions, and Hardware.—K. Marriott. General Stores—Stephens & Malone, Jennings & Mussett. Groceries, Queensware, etc.—E. Craig. Wagon and Repair Shop.—W. Biggers. Grain Dealer—K. Marriott. Shoe Shop.—Nelson Jones. General Blacksmith—Charles A. Schwartz. Dressmaker and Milliner—Miss Mills. Postmaster.—Ix. Marriott. * We are indebted to the Secretaries of the various lodges for the data of the time. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 211 A coal shaft is being sunk near the town, and at this writing, a depth of 100 feet has been reached. A shallow vein of coal has already been passed through, and the present indications are that a paying bed of coal is not far beneath. EDWARDS COUNTY AGRICULTURAL BOARD. ~ This society was organized in April, 1857, under the title of the ‘“‘ Edwards County Agricultural and In- dustrial Society.” Pursuant to the call for organization, William Fewkes was called to the chair, and M. W. Uttley was appointed secretary, and F. W. Johnson appointed treasurer pro tem. The following named persons were appointed a committee to draft resolutions for the formation of the society: John Brissenden, Wm. Fewkes, George May, F. B. Thompson, and Joseph Skeavington. As per resolutions adopted, in order to become a member of the society, one dollar matriculation fee was required, besides the annual payment of the same amount. The following are the names of the first mem- bers: Brian Walker, Sen., F. W. Johnson, F. B. Thompson, Samuel Thompson, 8. N. Dalby, Isaac Smith, Edward Colyer, Sen., Joseph Skeavington, Wm. Fewkes, Wm. Woods, John Brissenden, George May, Brian Walker, Jun., M. W. Uttley, Thomas Gill, Sr., John Collyer, Thomas Marriott, Gaspard Trasset, John Skeavington, Joseph Wood, Samuel] Skinner, and John Pearce. The first officers elect were: President, John Brissenden ; Vice-President, Joseph Skeavington; Se- cretary, Dr. Samuel Thompson; Treasurer, Gaspard Trasset. The first exhibition was commenced Oct. 22d, 1857, and was held in block Z, in the southeast part of the town. The fair was a success, as the records show that after all liabilities had been paid, there was $103.73 re- maining in the treasury. A special meeting of the board was called August 24, 1872, to take into consideration a re-organization of the society, under an act of the State Legislature, passed April 17, 1871. At this meeting it was decided to or- ganize under said act, and the foregoing name was accepted by the society. The present fair ground was located in the spring of 1859, and situated in the north part of town—lots 63 and 68. The society at first purchased only six acres, but subsequently have added 8% acres, making a com- modious ground of 143 acres, and which contains an ex- cellent one-third mile track. The grounds are also furnished with an amphitheatre, judges and band stand, floral hall, agricultural hall, eating house, about forty horse stalls, thirty-five cattle sheds, feed stable, and upwards of forty sheep and hog pens. An excellent grove adorns the ground for the comfort of visitors, while the privileges for water areeverything that could be desired. The society can boast of paying all premi- ums in full, from its first organization to the present time The present officers are: President, Joseph Skeaving- ton; Vice-President, Thomas J. Smith ; Treasurer, Geo. Weaver ; Secretary, Morris Emmerson; General Supt., John Landrigan; Marshal, John Eastham; Directors, W.W. Willis, H. B. Riggs, John J. Wick, L. C. Bond, Joseph Dixon, and Thomas Curtis. This subject would be incomplete without the mention of an Agricultural Society being established at Albion, by Morris Birkbeck, George Flower, and a few others, in 1825. It is said to be the first fair held in the State. The premiums were paid with medals and silver ware. BIOGRAPHIES. THE story of the life’s labors of no man adds such lus- tre to the pages of Edwards county history as does that of George Flower. An Englishman by birth ; an Ameri- can by choice. Well calculated by natural gifts, richly set with studied graces, to lend dignity to an English mansion, he loved rather the air of liberty and indepen- dence, breathed forth by American institutions, and becamea child ofher adoption. The charms of England, overhung as they were by the darksome wing of monarch- ical form of government were freely exchanged by him, for the toils and privations incident to pioneer life in the free air of republican America. No sordid ends were to be subserved in seeking a home in the then “ far west.” Wealth he already possessed; position and power the family had already acquired. The stirring, bold utter- ances of American Independence had thrilled him, and the broad statesmanship exhibited in our national con- stitution had riveted his attention and gave being to a hope of becoming an American citizen. The idea of a land where all were sovereigns engaged his profoundest sympathies and American representatives to the courts 212 of Europe, such as Jefferson and Franklin, Adams and King, accepted by him as representatives of the talent and integrity of Americans, precipitated a realization of that hope. As he declares in his published history of the English colony of Edwards county, it never occurred to him that the principles of liberty and man’s political equality could be set forth, a perfect theory upon paper, and be but imperfectly rendered in practice. Possessed of large wealth he transplanted on our prairies the art and improvements of the old mother country. He was born in Hertfordshire, England, in the year 1787. His father, Richard Flower, resided for many years in Hertford, the county town, twenty miles north- east of London, where he carried on an extensive brewery. Having aequired a competence he retired from business, and lived upon a beautiful estate, called Marden, which he purchased, and which was situated three miles from Hertford. George Flower, in company with Morris Birkbeck made the tour of continental Europe, adopting a plan peculiarly their own and quite at variance with that of ordinary sight seers. They studied peasant life HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 213 in all its rustic simplicity, and graphically did Birkbeck present to the world an account of their experiences in a work entitled “ Notes of a journey through France.” Soon after their return to England, they were introduced to Mr. Edward Coles, who was on his return from a diplomatic mission to Russia,—an introduction which was succeeded by Mr. Coles’ visiting Birkbeck at his home in Wanborough. An intimacy and friendship sprang up between them which doubtless had much to do in deter- mining the location of an English colony in Illinois. George Flower was the first to come to America, on a tour of observation. Although disabused of many of his preconceived ideas he still recognized the fact that here were opportunities for the accomplishment of vast good. He sailed from Liverpool in April, 1816, in the ship Robert Burns, under command of Captain Parsons of New York. Fifty days after starting he arrived in New York. From here he wrote a letter to Ex-Presi- dent Jefferson, to whome he had a letter of in‘roduction, from his old friend General La Fayette, which resulted in a kind invitation to go and enjoy the shades of Monti- cello. Atthe time Mr. Flower could not comply. He visited Philadelphia, where he met with Le Seur, the French naturalist, (who afterwards lived in Harmony, Indiana ;) Dr. Wistar, John Vaughan, a philanthropist, and others. Gradually was there being outlined, through contact with such characters, the idea of the establish- ment of a colony in the west. On horseback he made the circuit of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky and Vir- ginia, which in concise language, he recounts in his pub- lished history,—a history that at times is thrilling, again romantic and always instructive. In the autumn time he reached the home of Jefferson, with whom he passed much of the winter, returning to Philadelphia in the latter part of that season. Here he learned of the arrival of Mr. Birkbeck and family at Richmond. To meet and greet his old friend he hastened, and added another to the party of nine adventurers,—for such they truly were. The party consisted of Mr. Bir: beck, aged fifty-four ; his second son, Bradford, a youth of sixteen ; his third son, Charles, a lad of fourteen; a little servant boy, Gillard, thirteen years old; Elias Pym Fordham, (a cousin of Flower’s;) Miss Eliza Birkbeck, aged nineteen ; Miss Prudence Birkbeck, aged sixteen ; Miss Eliza Julia Andrews, twenty-five; Elizabeth Garton, a ward of Birkbeck’s and himself. After consultation they deci- ded to go westward ; exactly where, was uncertain. To Pittsburg they went in an old-fashioned lumbering stage- coach, which breaking down, necessitated the party to walk twelve miles, into the city. Determined to see the country they fitted themselves out with horses, blankets, saddles etc., and wended their way to Cincinnati, Ohio, where they were joined by Mr. Sloo, the register of the newly opened land office at Shawneetown, in the terri- tory of Illinois. He piloted them the first day to the residence of General Harrison, thence across Indiana ; Mr. Sloo taking a southwesterly, and they a direct west- erly course, from a point of separation, when about two- thirds of the way across the territory. From here they went to Vincennes, where a halt was called. For some weeks the party remained, and here at the house of Colonel La Salle, George Flower was united in marriage with Miss Andrews, Elihu Stout, a justice of the peace, and editor of the only paper there published, being the officiating magistrate. Miss Andrews was the second daughter of the Rev. Modecas Andrews of Eigeshall, in the county of Essex, England. In his history Mr, Flower speaks of her as being a woman of rare intelligence and excellent edu- cation, to which she united an energetic character and a courageous spirit ; an affectionate wife, a devoted mother, a kind friend and a good neighhor, she proved herself in all the relations of life a true and noble woman. When misfortunes and poverty came to her family in the later years, she met the changed circumstances with a cheerful spirit and unsubdued courage. She was of the best type of an English countrywoman. and preserved to the end of her days, the characteristics of her nationality. With ber high shell comb and her tasteful turban, no weary guest will ever forget her cheery welcome, or the satis- factory and kindly manner in which he was entertained. All the old settlers of Edwar.Js county, who now survive and who shared her hospitality cal] her memory blessed. It was determined on leaviug the family at Princeton, to enable Flower and Birkbeck to reconnoitre. They started out in search of prairies, and in Edwards county found them in all their luxuriant growth of grass, and enticing beauty. In August 1818, Wanborough was laid off. and in October following Albion. Soon after the parents and immediate family of Flower, located on Albion, where the “old Park house” was upreared and whence their hospitality was dispensed. The mas- ter spirit of the colony ; the directing genius was George Flower. Heit was who introduced improved methods of husbandry, imported fine cattle and sheep from the best herds of England, and when in 1823 it was attempt- ed to legalize African slavery in I]linois, no one enlisted with a truer heroism than he. So nearly balanced were the contending parties of the state, that the note of the English colony, ever true to the instincts of freedom, turned the scale, a handful of sturdy Britons being the forlorn hope to stay the triumph of wrong and oppress ion, whose success might have sealed forever the doom of republican and constitutional liberty in America. When the pro-slavery advocates found themselves beaten, before the might of right and justice they sought to harass and render miserable the life of free blacks, and this it was that caused George Flower to come forth the champion, as he was the originator of the idea of col- onization of free negroes, in Hayti. His arguments ar- rested the attention and gained the co-operation of many leaders of thought and molders of public opinion through- out the north. Although the plan met with but partial success, its conception and management reflect great credit upon the originator, and’ place him high among the ranks of, human benefactors. 214 HISTORY OF ED WARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Mr. Flower’s clear, philosophic bent of mind made him the peer of leading statesmen, who sought his coun- sel, and exchanged wit! him views on public polity that present a running commentary on the formative history of republicanism. Among his correspondents he numbered Jefferson, La Fayette, Cobbett, of England, Madame O’Connor, of Ireland and the Counte de Lasteyni, of France. He met with reverses which seem the inevitable lot of all colonizers. Financial embarrassments surrounded him, and compelled his retirement from life’s activities. Here he lived again in memory his eventful career, and gave to literature a resume of the hardships he had en- dured, the trials he had encountered, the triumphs he had experienced, in the volume entitled “A history of the English settlement in Edwards county.” He was a clear, simple writer. His narrations are straightforward and highly interesting. The account of long, wearisome, horseback journeys, encountering friends and foes, of the primitive dismalness of Cincinnati ; of the period placed on immigration by the waters of the Wabash ; of the floods and unbridged rivers; of the re- treating Indians, painted ashe found them at Vincennes, as if ready for war, when their hearts were cowed befure the white man’s might; of the back-woodsman who equally dreaded the advance of true civilization ; of the town of Albion pre-arranged by two men, germinating in a log inn, a smithy, followed by a store, a meeting- house, court-house, jail and newspaper, are presented with a perspicacity at ouce forcible and inviting. Of his ancestors George Flower wrote in the evening of his life. “They were men of strong and impulsive feeling. One of them, William Flower, is recorded in print in Fox’s Book of Martyrs,” where he is represent- ed as tied to the stake, the fagots piled about him, refusing to recant; but offering his hand, which the ex- ecutioner has lopped off, and is holding on a pike, as an atonement for an act which he acknowledged to be wrong: striking a priest with a wood-knife whilst officiating at an altar. His mother was a Fordham, a family that made their name famous under Cromwell. A brother, Edward Fordham Flower, after a sojourn in Illinois of five years, returned to England, where he became Mayor of Stratford upon Avon. To him the world is indebted for the recovery of the Stratford of Shakspeare. He preserved relics of the great poet ; put his house in perfect order ; erected a theatre ; opened a Shakspearean library and museum. Here he entertained Emmerson Fields, “George Hliot,” (Miss Evans), and others who loved associations clustering around the mem- ory of the Bard of Avon. A cousin of George Flower, Sarah Flower, by mai- den-name, afterwards Adams, wrote the world-wide words of “Nearer my God to thee,” and a sister Eliza set the words to music. The members of the im- mediate family of George Flower are scattered. A son, Alfred, is a very acceptable and popular preacher in the Christian church, Paris, Illinois; a grandson, Richard, is a leading physician and scientist of Boston ; another, George E, is an able proclaimer of the truth in the Christian church in Paducah, Ky., as well as a writer of power, beauty and pathos. Mr. Flower died on the 15th of January, 1862, under the loving and sad watch of friends at Grayville, White county, Illinois, where death had claimed his companion but a few hours before. They had often expressed a hope that united in life they should not be divided by death. The hope was gratified, and together their spirits winged their flight from thcir clayey tenements. GEORGE MICHELS Was born in Gallatin county, Illinois, May 18, 1818. His father, for whom he was named, was a native of the State of Maine, as was also his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Getchell. George Michels, Sr. and family, in company with Moses Michels and wife, John Michels, widow of James Michels, Permelia Michels, (now Shepherd and the only surviyor of the company among the grown people), and a sister of the wife of George Michels, left their homes in Maine for the West by wagons, in 1817. In this primitive manner they arrived at Cincinnati, Ohio, where they took a flat boat the following spring, which bore them on to Shawnee- town. At Cincinnati they made a halt, where the men improved the time by gathering corn, receiving for their labor one half the crop. This generosity (?) upon the part of their employers was due to the fact that an unusu- ally severe cold spell was upon them, and corn was needed for stock. Proprietors thought it too cold to engage in such labor, but these hardy sons of Maine thought differ- ently, and were glad of the opportunity afforded of re- plenishing their stores. To George Michels, Sr. and wife, were born ten children; Nancy Melrose, Lucy Naylor (dead), George, Mary Naylor, William, Cyrene, Lambert, Christopher, Ezra, Reuben and Sarah Melrose. In the fall of 1818. the family came to Edwards county. Here George, in common with his brothers and sisters, obtained a fair common school education. He was mar- ried to Margaret Spencer, daughter of John Spencer, a native of England, by whom he had seven children, namely: Emily, Louis A., Frederick G., Jacob R., Isaac G. (dec’d), Joseph (dec’d), and Benjamin. Mr. Michels isa leading republican, who early espoused the cause in the advocacy of which the party was institut- ed. His first presidential vote was cast for Gen. William H. Harrison. In the year 1860, he was elected Sheriff of Edwards county, and upon the occasion of the death of Mr. Morgan, who was then Sheriff, he was appointed in 1873. In 1874, and again in 1876, he was elected to the same position. Prior to his term as Sheriff, he had been elected Treasurer in 1872, and Coroner in 1856. The many official positions he has held attest his worth as a man and citizen. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUN TIES, ILLINOIS. ELIZA JULIA FLOWER. Mrs. Eviza JuLia FLowER, relict of the late George Flower. Among the pioneers of Edwards county, no one is held in dearer esteem, because of excellent quali- ties of head and heart, than Mrs. George Flower. In connection with her husband’s sketch on the preceding pages, is a brief presentation of her leading charac- teristics. Her maiden name was Eliza Julia Andrews. She was the second daughter of the Rev. Mordecai Andrews, of Eigeshall, Essex county, England. There existed a strong friendship between Miss Andrews and the family of Birkbeck, and she being on a visit to Wanborough when Mr. Birkbeck decided on coming to America, concluded to accompany them, and under their protection share the adventures of the New World. They arrived from England, and landed in Richmond, Virginia, in 1817, she being at the time twenty-five years of age. The long horseback journey from thence to Vincennes, Indiana, was made by her in company 214A with others. When others grew despondent she was cheerful. Ever buoyant in her disposition, the discour- agements incident to such journeys never affected her. After reaching Vincennes she became the wife of George Flower, to whom she was married at the residence of Colonel La Salle in 1818. The same year found her residing in Edwards county, where she lived for forty-one years. Although all her surroundings were so different from those to which she had been in earlier life accus- tomed, she maintained her light-heartedness, and to her, more than to any other, is due the reputation acquired by Park Hall for its hospitality. In 1844 the family moved to New Harmony, Indiana, and in 1860 to Mt. In 1862 she and her husband were visiting a daughter, Mrs. Agniel, of Grayville, when on the 15th of January they both died. She upon the dawning of the morning, and he in twilight’s hour. (See Vernon, same State. sketch of George Flower.) HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. SAMUEL NELSON DALBY Was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, April 30, 1817 His father, Robert Dalby, was a surveyor and school teacher. In 1834, father and son came to America on a visit, promising the wife and mother a speedy return. They landed in New York, and, in company with a brother-in-law of the subject of this sketch, came on, in 1835, to Edwards county. Once here they determined on making it their home, and under the shade of a tree, standing out in a prairie, about nine miles north of Al- bion cast lots as to which of the three should return to meet mother and family on their way hither. The lot fell to Mr. Brooks. It was further agreed that he should purchase a stock of goods with which to commence mer- chandising in Albion, so all their funds were given to his keeping. With light heart he started on his journey. No positive tidings were ever heard of him, although it is quite certain that in a steamboat disaster between Louis- ville and Cincinnati, he was lost. Some time after word came that Mrs. Dalby and children had arrived in New York, after enduring great hardships, entailing loss of money, furniture and other household effects. At sea the ship Scotland, on which they were aboard, was ship- wrecked and their lives alone were preserved. Samuel and his father were unable to aid them in their extremity. After stating the facts a Mr. Clark, a Quaker, told them 214-B they were welcome to what money he had in New York, and a draft was sent to Mrs. Dalby. ‘Too late it reached its destination. Mrs. Dalby, worn out with care and anxiety, had sickened and died. The draft was returned, and again sent on its mission of mercy, made payab'e to any of the surviving children. A gentleman named Swales, saw the children to Pittsburg, another to Louis- ville, thence to Mt. Vernon, Ind., and here. The three children are, David, now of Kansas; Sugden, of Liver- pool, England, and Sarah Thompson, of Newport, Ky. During all this time Robert was engaged teaching a school, and Samuel, the only child who had learned a trade, was engaged in tailoring. Samuel’s grandfather was killed at the age of ninety-seven by a fall on a side- walk, and what is remarkable, his father was killed in about the same manner, nine miles north of Albion. Samuel N. married Elizabeth Brisenden, in 1836, by whom he had three children, Mrs. Agnes Weaver, John and Leroy (dead). She died in 1843. He was again married to Sarah C. Skeavington, by whom he has had seven children. Among his relations he is more proud of John Nelson, the celebrated divine from whom he was named, his mother’s uncle, than any other. Mr. Dalby is a merchant tailor. As a citizen he isa model man. In the enjoyment of universal respect, he is passing the evening of life. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 215 For many years the merchant prince not only of Edwards, but of adjoining counties—Joel Churchill—is worthy of mention. He was born in Exeter, England, December 16,1792. His father, Samuel Churchill, was a manufacturer of cloth, and a ship-owner. A brother was at one time the largest ship-owner in Great Britain. Joel was ever active in reaching out for trade. He visited Asia, the British possessions in Southern Africa, and traveled through Continental Europe. In 1820 he came to Edwards county, where he determined on farm- ing, but it proved too inactive for him, or, rather, was so different to the life he had always lived, that he soon forsook it, in 1823, to enter upon that career of merchan- dising that made him well known throughout Southern Illinois. It is said that for years he was the only mer- chant who paid cash for articles of home production brought to his establishment,—the plan being that of exchange, made so largely through the scarcity of money. He married Eliza Simpkins, daughter of William Simp kins, a miller by trade, in December, 1825. By her he had eleven children, nine of whom are living. He had been raised a Quaker, although he never embraced the faith. It is related that whenever he visited Philadelphia, he adopted the speech peculiar to those people, and for several days subsequent to his return it was “thee” and “thou” to everyone—so much so, that a citizen meeting him and hearing him in conversation would say, Churchill has just returned from Philadelphia. For many years he was post-master. He transacted much business for others—his remittances by draft and otherwise reaching as high as sixty or seventy thousand dollars per annum, a large sum for the early days. One method of sending money is worthy of remark. He would take a bank note, cut it in halves, and send the parts separately, often- times by different mails, to insure their safe transit. He was an Old Line Whig of the most emphatic class, and right royally did he stand up for the party’s principles. Just before the war, he went to Washington and Phila- delphia to protect his interests, owning as he did Georgia bonds, and then was a most prominent Union man. A son, Charles, who together with another, James, succeed him in business, went out as a Captain. He died March 16th, 1872. His benefactions to young men struggling for a start in life are treasured in the memory of many who arenowamong the wealthiest citizens of Edwards county. 216 HISTORY OF ED WARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. JOSEPH WOOD. Amone the dead of Edwards county whose memory men delight to honor, none stood higher in their good- will than Joseph Wood. He was born in Wymeswolt, Leicestershire, England, Nov. 5, 1807. At the age of eleven years, in 1819, he was brought to Edwards county by William Wood, where the family yet live, a few miles southeast of Albion. Here, engaged in farm- ing, he spent his days. On the 2d of May, 1833, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth Hill Shepherd, daugh- ter of Thomas Shepherd, who came here as a foreman for George Flower. He had occupied a like position with Mr. Flower in England. To Mr. and Mrs. Wood were born eleven children, six of whom are now liviog: Thomas, Rebecca Rude, Henry, Martha Tribe, Joseph Albert and Rosamond Owen. Mr. Wood was an affec- tionate husband, a loving father, and a citizen of whom all were proud He was ever active in all things calculated to promote his country’s welfare, and was recognized asa representative, influential farmer. He died January 6, 1881. His widow, a noble woman, lives on the old homestead, a view of which can be found elsewhere in this work. WILLIAM B. TRIBE. THE present popular circuit clerk was born in Wan- borough, two miles west of Albion, July 22, 1829. His parents were John Tribe and Jane Statey. John was born in Surrey, England, May 16, 1796, and came to America in 1818. Jane Statey who became Mrs. Tribe in 1821, came by the same vessel, an orphan girl, the ward of a family named Pritchard. They landed in New Orleans, thence came to Shawneetown, and here. John Tribe was a carpenter and joiner by occu- pation, and in the new colony found plenty to do. He was a hard-working and most excellent man. He had the reputation of possessing one of the most accurate memories of any man within the county. When an old man he would rivet the closest attention of listening crowds with his stories of backwoods life. When any dates were desired he was appealed to; when disputes arose with reference to facts or dates he was the arbiter. He received universal recognition as a walking cyclo- pedia of information. He died, much lamented, August 25,1880. His widow, now eighty years old, survives him. To them wereborn James, Mary Bowman, Emma, (dead) Owen (dead), William B., Alfred, Emily Pickering, Harry (dead), Thomas H.,and George. The survivors, with the exception of John, Jr., all reside in Edwards county. John lives in the adjoining county of Wayne. William B. received a common school education. Much of his earlier youth was passed aiding in opera- ting a carding machine which his father bought in 1331, and which was owned by the family until 1883. At the age of eighteen he learned the trade of wheel- wright, which business he pursued until twenty-eight years of age. On the 3d of February, 1856, he was united in marriage to Miss Jane A. Spangler, a native of York, Pennsylvania, whose earlier years were passed in Philadelphia, and who came in company with her mother and sisters to Edwards county in 1844. To Mr. and Mrs. Tribe was born one daughter, Annie E., now the wife of Horace J. Craig. For four or five years, William B, in connection with his brother John, car- ried on the livery business in Albion. In 1864 he en- tered the service of the United States in Company H., 87th Regiment Ill. Vol., in which he was commissioned as Lieutenant. In 1866 he was mustered out of service, and soon after entered the office of the county clerk, W. L. Mayo, as deputy. In 1868 he was chosen circuit clerk of the county, a position he has held continuously since. In this capacity he has few, if any superiors throughout the State. Politically he is an ardent, ear- nest Republican; religiously an active member of the Episcopal church. The temperance cause findsin hima fearless advocate. A true, patriot, an excellent citizen, a tried official, he has hosts of friends. JONATHAN BRIGGS. As furnishing an apt illustration of what may be ac- complished by persistent, persevering effort with a pur- pose in life—that purpose being the acquisition of a home surrounded with life’s comforts, Jonathan Briggs may be cited. He commenced a poor boy, the son of a widow, and steadily has he pursued a straightforward course, whose efforts have compelled success. He was born in Edwards county, April 27, 1834. His father, Jonathan Brizgs, when a youth in England, put to sea as a sailor—a calling in which five of his brothers were engaged—but losing his hearing, he was compelled to abandon his first love and seek other pursuits. He \ soon after came to America, and fora short time fol- lowed gardening near Cincinnati, Ohio. He married Eliza Naylor, also of England, in 1833. At the time they both lived in Edwards county, he having come here in 1831 and she the following year. In September, 1833, he died at Terre Haute, Indiana, and the subject of .this sketch was born the following April. Jonathan Briggs had like opportunities afforded youth forty or fifty years ago, which consisted of a short term of school each winter and much hard work—largely clearing—at all other times. Habits of ecouomy and industry were thus fixed upon him. The old homestead selected by his parents fifty years ago is now his; noth- ing has ever tempted him to leave it. His widowed mother married and raised a family of children, whose interests in the home place he acquired by purchase. He was married to Sarah Ann Curtis October 1, 1857. By her he has six living children, George, Eliza, Ann, Nathan, Lee and William, and two dead—both died in infancy. Mr. Briggs is a Republican politically ; a member of the Methodist Episcopal church religiously, As a farmer he is progressive, and was one of the first in this section of the country to adopt a system of tile draining. JOSEPH es aie a es WOOD DOEC'D. Hs EAA pee eI UTE AEP aS = VIEW _LOOHING NORTH WEST. STOCK FARM (250 ACRES) AND RESIDENCE OF JOSEPH WOOD, SEC./8T.2'S.R.14 W. ALBION PRECINCT, EQWARDS CO. ILL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 217 Was born in Litchfield county, Connecticut, March 7, 1791. His parents were Ebenezer and Abigail Harris. (Maiden name Burnham). Ebenezer was a farmer. | Gibson came west in 1818 or ’19, stopping at Vincennes, © Indiana, where he engaged in making plats and maps of © the surrounding country. Being a practical surveyor | he found plenty to do in his vocation. He aided in lay- | ing off the town of Terre Haute. After a few months’ sojourn in Vincennes, he came to Albion, where he en- | tered the employ of Francis Dickson as clerk. In this capacity he continued until the time of his purchase of | the stock of goods. Inthe mercantile trade he continued , until the time of his death, December 5, 1847. From | a humble beginning he established, by prudence, energy and the exercise of an excellent judgment, a large and lucrative business. In an early day he took strong | grounds in favor of temperance, nor was it in words | 28 It was the custom of the alone, but in action as well. times to have liquor on sale in such establishments. This he would not do. Years afterwards this was imputed to bim as a virtue, though at the time his customers thought ita hardship. He was united in marriage with Eliza- i beth Woods, daughter of John Woods, one of the hardy English pioneers of Edwards county, in 1826. By her he had nine sons, Gibson W., now of Cincinnati; George, Chester, Francis, John, Levinus, Lucius, Morris and Bedford E. Of these, all are living, save Chester, who died February 7, 1870, and John, who died Febru- ary 10,1850. Mrs. Harris survived her husband several years, during which time she carried on, aided by her sons, the business he had established until the time of her death, which oceurred September 9, 1864. Gibson Harris was one of nature’s noblemen, a true friend, a wise counselor, a man of irrepruachable character. 218 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. DAVID 8. RUDE. Davip 8. Rupr was born in Worthington, Massa- chusetts, December 11, 1812. His parents, Alpheus and Hannah Rude (nee Taylor), were of the good old Puritanic stock who have contributed so much to make all New England revered for steadfastness and morality. The family sought for and found a new home in Lewis county, Virginia, in 1819. Here the subject of this sketch was reared. In 1835 he left his home to try his fortunes in Illinois, and for two years worked for wages, receiving for his labor seven and eight dollars per month. During the winter he got out cord-wood, receiving twenty-five cents per cord for cutting. He husbanded his resources and entered land. In 1837 he returned to Virginia to marry the girl of his choice, Purtania Brake, which he did October 20, same year. His bridal tour was a tedious journey back to Ilinois, to the broad acres he had predetermined should become his home. Two years after he identified himself with the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he was ever after a most zealous, faithful member. For nearly forty years he was the circuit steward, and for much of the time he was a class-leader and Sunday-school superin- tendent. To bim were born three sons, Edwin L., Albert and Randle, all living. and one daughter, who died in infancy. Mr. Rude did well in life, being one of the best farmers of his neighborhood. He died January 28, 1879. His widow lives on the old home. stead. She was a native of Virginia, where she was born November 8, 1821, Her parents were John B. and Rachel Drake. Mr. Rude was an active man of business, a devoted husband, a fond father and a model citizen. MAXWELL W. MORGAN Was a native of what is now West Virginia, where he was born in Lewis county, the son of Theodore and Lydia Morgan. His father wasa native of Connecticut. Mr. Morgan first came to Edwards county in 1848, The same year, November 16, he was married to Mary Ann Shurtleff, daughter of Oliver Shurtleffi Oliver Shurtleff died where he lived, in Virginia. He had married Sarah Kingsley, a native of New England. His daughter, who became Mrs. Morgan, came to Ed. wards county in 1831 with the family of Ansel Philips. Immediately after marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Morgan re- turned to Virginia, where they resided five years, re- turning again to Edwards county. There were born to them eight children, four of whom are living, Olive Poppele, now in Mt. Pulaski, Illinois, Jennie Ford, George Cliff, a druggist in the village of Bone Gap, and Elmer Grant. Mr. Morgan was a farmer and a justice of the peace. He entered the army in September, 1862, in Company K, 124th Regiment, Il]. Vol. In the charge made upon Vicksburg the following year he was severely wounded, necessitating his return home in November following. In 1870 he was by a handsome vote elected Sheriff of the county, a position he filled with marked ability, and to which he was re-elected in 1872. During his second term of service he died, December 21, 1873. By his faithful discharge of every duty devolving upon him, and by his recognized ability, he had endeared himself to his fellow citizens, so that his death was uni- versally Jamented. Politically, he was an active, out- spoken Republican, a leader in his party. He was an earnest advocate for temperance, being for years a member of the order of Sons of Temperance. Reli- giously his faith was deep and abiding. In the faith of the M. E. Church he lived and died triumphantly. JOHN SMITH Is one of the influential progressive men of Albion, where it stands asynonym for honesty and integrity. Mr. Smith was born in Albion September 9, 1825. His father, Moses Smith, wasa native of Dorsetshire, England, where he was born September 23, 1795. He came to this country accompanied bya brother David in 1820; a third brother also started, but died in New York on the way hither. David returned to England after enduring a siege of chills so common in early days, In 1854 he again came to America and died here the same year, on the 19th of August. Moses Smith was for a brief time in the British army in 1812. He ran away from bome to enlist. His mother appealed to have him discharged, and her third appeal was successful, through her calling the surgeon’s attention to the fact that he had an imper- fection in an eye. She had promised her son a watch in the event of success crowning her efforts in securing his release. This, with his name neatly engraved in the case was given him, and is now owned by the subject of this sketch. Moses was married to Ann Scudmore— maiden name Drinkwater—of Lincolnshire. She came to this country in company with Mr. Flower. They had nine children; names and dates of. birth as follows: Thomas Scudmore, December 4, 1820 ; Harriet, October 2, 1823; John, September 9, 1825; Catharine, Septem- ber 16, 1827; Mary Catharine, September 9, 1829; Mary A., August 1, 1832; Clara, July 16, 1837; Moses, December 21, 1839; Eliza Julia, November 20, 1842. Of these Harriet, Emma and Moses died respec- tively January 12, 1851, August 31, 1853, and Febru- ary 9, 1874. Moses Smith, Sr., was a butcher, mer- chant and farmer. He flat-boated to New Orleans with produce. He died August 21, 1854, followed by his wife December 6, 1859. John Smith remained with his father as a clerk until about twenty-three years of age, when he bought out the business and followed it ten or twelve years. During the war he engaged in the lum. ber trade, which he has since followed with success. He married Mary Brown October 28, 1847, by whom he had five children, only one of whom, Harry, a miller of Ashley, now lives. Mary B. Smith died January 16, 1862. Mr. Smith was married to his present wife, Susan Brown, June 4, 1863. He is a man possessed of fine business qualifications, is ever foremost in efforts to advance the interests of Albion. Politically he is a Republican. DAVID S. RUDE DEC’D. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 219 Lrmen) PeSoor ed. Is one of the leading physicians not only of Edwards county, but of southern Illinois; he was born in Shore- ham, Addison county, Vermont, October 4, 1822. His father, Henry S. Low, was a farmer, belonging to that class of intelligent, energetic husbandmen for which New England is noted. His mother, whose maiden name was Rachel Baldwin, was a native of New Jersey. Ly- man W. was the last son in a family of seven children, five sons and two daughters; he obtained a good common school education, then entered the Academy in his native village, where the foundations of future usefulness were laid broad and deep, and where, too, his desire for schol- arly attainments constantly increased until he deter- mined upon a University course. To this end he entered the Connecticut Literary Institute at Suffield. During his two years’ attendance here, the study of medicine was commenced; a love of it led him to continue its pursuit, which he did under direction of an older brother, Dr. 8. B. Low, an Allopathic physician in Suffield. In 1848 he went to Ohio, when he engaged in teaching—that stepping-stone to other professional life, and in which he continued two years. Here he marrried Fannie E. Bryant, May 1st, 1851. One son, now a druggist in Albion, was born io them. His wife died April 2d, 1858. Immediately after his first mar- riage he went to Clayton, Iowa, where he engaged ac- tively in the practice of medicine. From there he went to Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin. In 1854 he attended lectures in Cincinnati, Ohio, graduating from the Ameri- can Medical College in 1855. On January 1st, 1856, he located in Albion, where he has since successfully prac- ticed his profession. He was married to his present wife, Mary A. Smith, July 27th, 1859. By her he has two sons—Smith D., a physician, and Lyman P., a student of law. The dector is a pronounced Republican, For many years he was Medical Examiner for pensioners. 220 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. CYRUS RICE. Cyrus RicE was a lineal descendant from Edmund . Rice, who came from Barkhamstead, Hertfordshire, England, and settled in Sudbury, Massachusetts, in 1638. From records it appears that he was a selectman in 1644, and made a deacon in the church in 1648. Of his wife, Tamazine, nothing is known save the fact of her death, in Sudbury, June 13, 1654. He was a man of some means for those early days of colonial history, an inventory of his property, made out at the time of his death showing £566 personal, and £170 real pro- perty. Ason, Edward, was the father of John, who was the father of Moses, who was killed by the Indians, at the age of sixty-one years, when engaged in plowing corn. A nephew, Asa, eight years of age, who accom- panied him, was taken by the Indians to Canada. His son, Sylvanus, was a Revolutionary soldier, who died in March, 1819, in the ninety-first year of his age, and was the father of Sylvanus, who was the first to leave the old Massachusetts home, which he did in 1819, finding one in Virginia whence he came to IJinois in 1832, Here he died May 29,1847. The subject of this sketch, Cyrus, his son, was born February 28, 1798. He was married to Martha Gould, a lineal descendant of John Alden, who came to this country in the May Flower in 1620, January 27, 1824. By her he had thirteen chil- dren, five of whom are now living. Cyrus, Rice was an excellent citizen. He was an active member of the Presbyterian church. For ten years, from 1851 to 1861, he was a school commissioner for Edwards county, and for more than forty years he was township treasurer. He died October 11, 1882. JAMES BEAR Is a native of Ohio, having been born in Monroe county, in the southeastern part of that State, January 12, 1842. His father, Jacob Bear, was a Pennsylva- nian of German extraction. His mother’s maiden name was Isabelle Heep. In the year 1850, the family con- sisting of nine children, of whom James was the sixth in order of birth, moved to Richland county, to a farm near Olney. After four years they again moved toa place near Parkersburg, the old gentleman assigning as a reason that Olney was a poor place, near which to rear a family of boys. On this farm Jacob Bear died September 30, 1881, from a stroke of paralysis. James Bear married Mary Whitaker, daughter of Jacob Whit- aker, a native of Indiana, December 24, 1868. By her he had four children. She died September 9, 1878. He married his present wife, Martha Hallam, widow of Joseph Hallam. She was a native of West Virginia, having been born in Wheeling of that State. Her parents were Alfred and Mary Day. They came to Parkersburg, Illinois, in 1853, and yet live on the place where they originally located. In August, 1879, Mr. Bear came to Edwards county. He has always followed farming and trading in cattle. He was a soldier during the late war, having enlisted in Co. A, 63rd Illinois Regi- ment Volunteers, in 1861, being in the service four and a half years. Was with Logan and Sherman to the sea. Veteranized at Huntsville, Alabama. Mrs. Bear came to the place where they now live as the wife of Joseph Hallam, November 26, 1872. Joseph Hallam died December 20, 1877. James Bear isa thorough-going Republican, an active member of the United Brethren church, and has been for years a local preacher of that faith. Heis aman of sound judgment, pleasing manners and strictest integrity. DR. CHESTERFIELD FILES. Taxine high rank among physicians of Edwards county, is he whose name appears above. Dr. Files was born in White county, July 24th, 1841, as was also his father, John, who was born August 12, 1818. His mother, whose maiden name was Jane Maracle, was a native of Virginia where she was born February 22d, 1822. Her parents were German people. The grand- father of the doctor, William E. Files, was a native of South Carolina, whence he came in an early day to Ken- tucky, thence to White county, Illinois in 1816. His father in turn was from England. Dr. Files obtained a good common school education, taught school alter- nating it with attendance in the Wesleyan University at Bloomington. Upon the breaking out of the war for the Union he enlisted as a private in Company D, 40th Regiment, INinois Volunteer Infantry, August 3d, 1861, He remained with his command eight months when he was discharged on account of disability ; while at home he received an appointment from Gov. Richard Yates as Lieutenant of a company of home militia. In 1863, he again entered the service as a recruit in the 87th Regiment Illinois Volunteers, upon the disbandment of this regiment he was transferred to the 18th. Belong- ing as he did to the mounted militia he did much ser- vice scouting. In 1870, he entered the office of Dr. R. J. Puckett to engage in the study of medicine, a study he had entered upon during the interim in his terms of ser- vice. He next attended lectures in the Physio-Medical College of Cincinnati, Ohio, whence he was graduated February 11th, 1875. He had already been engaged in practice six months in his old home, but upon gradu- ating he selected Bone Gap as a place of residence, and bere in the enjoyment of a lucrative practice he has since remained. He was united in marriage to Emeline Wilson, daughter of Newton Wilson, of Wayne county, Illinois, March 9th, 1867. By her he has five children living and three dead. He is a Republican. On his mother’s side the family was noted for longevity. His grandfather died aged a hundred years. His parents yet live in the old home in White county: As a prac- titioner the doctor is held in high esteem ; as a citizen he is loyal, progressive and ever awake to the best interests of his fellows, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 221 PLE Ale PerRHAPs none of the prominent citizens of Edwards county has contributed more towards placing her in the rank she to-day holds among her sister counties than Walter 8. Mayo. Through his decided executive abili- ty, his systematic efforts in her behalf, his untiring energy, coupled with his long service as an official, Edwards county possesses a record second to none in the administration of her finance or in the completeness of her past civil history. Mr. Mayo was born in Albe- marle county, Virginia, March 7th, 1810. His father, Lewis, was a teacher as well as planter. To be a planter in the Old Dominion carried with it the idea of being a slave-holder as well—and so he was. A brother of his, Joseph, was the father of Joseph Mayo, mayor of the city of Richmond, just before the late civil war, The , father of Lewis was also named Lewis, and was one of three brothers who came from England and settled, one in Richmond, Virginia, one in Albemarle county, same state, and the third, after a short sojourn there, in Ken- ° tucky. It is thought that they were of the same family with Rev. John Mayo, who emigrated from England to this country about 1639, and who was one of the original settlers of the town of Barnstable, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. He was the first pastor of the second church erected in the city of Boston, a position he filled from 1655 to 1673. in 1676. To Lewis Mayo and wife were born Newson, Walter L., Samuel Winston, three sons, and Carey Ann (who married Hiram Keach) and Catharine Shepherd, daughters. Walter L. was a young map of ambition, great determination and self-reliance. Having acquired a fair education he started out to become the architect of his own fortune; crossing the Alleghenies he made a brief stop with his uncle Harry in Tateville, Kentucky, and thence came on to Edwards county, Illinois, in 1828. A stranger among strangers, penniless in pocket but fertile in resources, he soon obtained employment as teacher, a few miles southwest of Albion, where he boarded in the family of Jones, one of the commissioners of the county court. His adeptness in figures soon commanded attention, and he supplemented his meagre income as a teacher by making calculations in behalf of the county, and in making out papers for his host. This it was which afterwards led to his selection as clerk of the county court. Upon the breaking out of the Black Hawk war, in 1831, he was among the first to offer his services in response to the call of the Ranger Governor, which were promptly accepted. Being so well fitted by nature for such a position he was made He died at Yarmouth, Cape Cod, 222 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. quartermaster for the battalion from Edwards and ad- joining counties. Just prior to this he had- been ap- pointed to fill a vacancy as county clerk. The records were found by him to bein a chaotic state. With a will he set to work and brought system out of disorder. So well did he accomplish his ends that for thirty-seven years he was maintained at his post of duty, nor did the respect for his commanding talents rest here; in addition to the duties of county clerk he was called upon to act as circuit clerk, probate judge, and treasurer as well. Pioneers declared that as long as they had Mayo they needed no other official. Into his official relations with the people he brought that frankness and generosity so characteristic of the Virginians, and which he possessed in so remarkable a degree that he won the confidence, esteem and friendship of all. During all his long term of public service he was constantly sought as an arbi- trator between fellow-citizens in matters of dispute, and certain it is he adjusted more difficulties during that time than did the courts. Through his skill in this field of usefulness many heart-burnings and bitter feelings between neighbors were assuaged. Of a warm, genial and jovial nature, his voice and manner evinced a sin- cerity of conviction and an earnestness of good purposes, when giving advice or counselling harmonious adjust- ments between disputants, that he seldom failed in his efforts in this direction. No one hesitated to seek his advice, and very few ever had cause to regret its adop- tion. During the years of his official career he amassed considerable property. Not a citizen of Edwards county says aught else than that it was well earned. Mr. Mayo was warm and steadfast in his friendships, and confiding in his nature, yet he could not overlook a betrayal, even in semblance, and while he would go to almost any length for a friend—tried and true—he held but little intercourse with those who had incurred his disaproval. Mr. Mayo was united in marriage to Elizabeth Hall, a native of England, March 3d, 1834. By her he had six children. Lewis Mayo, now a prominent citizen of Leavenworth, Kansas. Florence the wife of Henry Hopkins. Alfred, who died in Indian Territory, Sept. 30, 1868. Rosamond, Ella C., and Alice E., all living together with their widowed mother in Leavenworth, Kansas. The family of Mrs. Mayo camefrom England to Edwards county early in 1821. In the year 1871 Mr. Mayo’s family went to Leavenworth, where they have since resided. At the time Mr. Mayo was a mem- ber of the State Legislature, and although he joined his family, he always considered Edwards county his home, and here he exercised all his rights of citizenship. He had, during the last few years of his life, large banking interests in Olney, Richland county, to look after, and doubtless, but for his untimely end, would, with the family have returned to the old home to have spent life’s evening. His sudden disappearance: from the active duties of a busy life, and the manner of it, are matters of conjecture. He was last seen by acquaint- ances boarding a train of cars on the Ohio and Missis- sippi Railroad at the Union Depot, in St. Louis on the evening of the 18th of January, 1878. Among reso- lutions adopted by his fellow-citizens in mass meeting assembled consequent upon his demise, as indicating their love of him we copy: Resolved, That in this sudden bereavement our entire community feels deeply the severe loss we have sus- tained in the removal from sight and knowledge of one with whom we have so long and so intimately associated as one of our early settlers. Resolved, That in Mr. Mayo we recognize one, who, through a long and active life, was highly esteemed as a true citizen, a just and high. minded official, a kind neighbor, a warm-hearted and faithful friend, and in his late years an active and earnest Christian worker, Resolved, That in this mysterious bereavement we realize the loss of one of our number whose place among us will be so long and so sadly vacant in our communi- ty and county, and while we wish to yield to the deal- ings of Providence we find it one of the severest strokes we have been called to suffer. Resolved, That we realize that the peaceful and the financially prosperous character now so highly enjoyed by Edwards county, is due in a great degree to the in- fluence of Walter L. Mayo in his official and his social relations, and in his long and earnest active life. JOHN SENTENCE, THE popular proprietor of the Albion livery stable, a view of which may be found elsewhere in this work, isa man of enterprise and energy. In common with many of his fellow citizens he is a native of merry England, having been born in Lincolnshire June 25, 1827. So . many citizens of Edwards county hail from the beautiful island of the name, as to give to her the appellation of “little Britain.” He was the son of Joseph Sentence, a farm laborer. His mother’s maiden name was Mary Dennis. In a family of five children he was the eldest. Desiring to better his condition in life, he took sail on the vessel Excelsior, and after a tedious passage of five weeks and two days he landed in New York harbor July 2d, 1850. He brought with him as a bride Jane Lane, to whom he was mzrried in May of the same year. By her he has two children living, Joseph and Eliza J. Bower. She died May 3, 1856. For -thirteen years after reaching this country, Mr. Sentence carried on farming operations. In 1869 he opened a livery sta- ble, in which business he has since been engaged, asso- ciating with it blacksmithing and carriage building. He was married to Ann Brewster September 19, 1861, by whom he has two children living, and two dead. He is proud of the fact that his first Presidential ballot cast in the country was for the martyr President, Abra- ham Lincoln. He has always been an unswerving, un- compromising Republican. As a business man he is noted for square, fair dealing. Socially he is held in esteem by a large circle of friends. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 223 PRoMINENT among the pioneer business men of Albion who are yet living, is Alexander Stewart, who was born December 7th, 1805, in Comrie, Perthshire, Scotland. His father, also Alexander by name, was a physician. His mother’s maiden name was Mary McLaughlin. They came to America in 1818, reaching Carmi, White county, Christmas day of that year. They first located in Burnt Prairie. In the family were nine children— David, James, Henry, John and Alexander, being the sons; and Jesse, Christina, Martha and Mary, the daugh- ters. To them was born William in this country. Part of the family remained in Scotland with their grandfather until 1824, when they too came thither. The family took up their residence in Albion in 1827, where Alexander Stewart, sr., died May 5th, 1865, aged 87 years. During the last eight years of his life he was blind. The subject of this sketch, whose portrait is shown above, followed farming until he reached his majority, when he com- menced blacksmithing, which he prosecuted vigorously for sixteen years, when, his health giving way, he entered upon his career as a merchant. In this vocation he, by energy and straightforwardness, compelled success. He was married to Sarah Miller, daughter of James Miller, a farmer of White county, January 19th, 1825. She died April 20th, 1853. He was married to his present wife, Emma A. Senseman, April 28, 1856. She is the daughter of John H. and Elizabeth Senseman, natives of North Carolina, whence they came here, via New York. Mr. Stewart has led an active, busy life. He is a man of superior business qualifications, of unquestioned integ- rity of character, and has won the esteem of all asso- ciates. 224 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. WILLIAM F. FOSTER, A PROMINENT member of the bar of Edwards county, was born in Clark county, Indiana, May 3, 1840. His father, William Foster, was a native of Yorkshire, Eng- land. He was educated at Ackworth in an institution under the auspices of the Quakers, or Friends. He came to America in 1821, located in Indiana, where he was married to Lucy Shirley, of the Kentucky family of that name. Her father was Charles and her grand- father Michael Shirley. Michael came from Virginia to Kentucky with Daniel Boone, on his second trip to the then western wilds, and was scalped by the Indians near the site of Harrodsburg. To William and Susan Foster were born six sons, Charles, Blashel, John and Wm. F. are living. The daughters are alldead. Wil- liam followed the avocations of teacher and farmer. He died August 19, 1868. His wife survives him. The subject of this sketch received a common school educa- tion, nine months’ attendance all told. In 1861 he en- tered the army, enlisting in Company I, 66th Illinoi$ Volunteers, generally known as“ Burge’s Western Sharp Shooters.” With this command he was at Forts Donel- son, Shiloh, Corinth, Chickamauga and Resaca. When General Dodge was wounded he left Foster in charge of two darkies and four horses—his rank was never deter- mined nor commission ever made out. At the end of three years’ service he was discharged. On the 20th of June, 1865, he was united in marriage to Lucy Y. Denny, of Charleston, Indiana, by whom he has six children. In 1876, he commenced the study of law, having determined on it as a profession. His first read- ing was Walken’s American Law. Soon after he read regularly in the office of F. A. Sampson, Sedalia, Mis- souri, where he was admitted to practice. In 1878, he opened an office in Albion, and in the following year he was admitted to practice in the Illinois courts. He is a member of the Masonic order, also of the Christian church. In the furtherance of church matters he takes adeep and abiding interest. Asa soldier Mr. Foster did his duty, and served his country faithfully; as a lawyer he is possessed of great forensic power and excel- lent knowledge; as a citizen he is respected. Whatever he has to do he does with enthusiasm and earnestness. JOHN HALLAM, A FARMER, earnest in the calling and quite successful in its prosecution, was born in Brassington, Derbyshire, England, October 2,1835. His father, Thomas Hallam, was also a farmer, who, desiring to better his condition in life, came to the United States, in 1836, landing in Philadelphia, where he remained three months, thence to a brother’s, who had preceded him in White county, and from thence to the English settlement, as that in Ed- wards county, was popularly termed. Here he became one of the most successful farmers on Boltinghouse prairie. At first he hired his services to the noted Geo. Flower, with whom he lived three years, engaged in tending sheep. His flock numbered about one thousand head. Of Flower, he rented land with privilege of pur- chasing at a stipulated price, and so economical and successful was he that at the expiration of two years from time of making such contract he was the owner of a fine tract of land, which is yet in the family’s hands. He was married to Elizabeth Handley, by whom he had seven children, of whom two died in England; three crossed the sea with him, and two were added after ar- rival in this country. He died September 6, 1878. His son, John Hallam, obtained a fair common school educa- tion. He was united in wedlock to Bertha Rosevelt, daughter of James H. and Elizabeth Rosevelt, October 28, 1869. By her he had one child. She died October 28, 1874. He was married to his present wife, Sarah Vallette, daughter of William Vallette, April 12, 1877, by whom he has one child. In the fall of 1876, he vis- ited England, and returned better satisfied than ever with his father’s choice of a home. He is an ardent Re- publican politically, and an active devout member of the Methodist Episcopal church religiously. DR. HENRY L. DICKSON Was born in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father was William Dickson, a merchant of that city. His mother’s maiden name was Rebecca Cullo- den. They were both natives of Ireland, and both died when Henry L., was asmall child. Together with a brother Francis, now a book-keeper in Louisville, Ky., he was raised by his grandfather and an uncle. In 1820 he was brought to Mt. Carmel, thence taken to Vincennes, then again to Mt. Carmel about 1830. From there he came to Wanborough in this county. He received a good common school education in the schools of Park county, Indiana. His grandfather was the first merchant to do business in Albion, having opened a store here while yet living in Indiana. The doctor commenced the study of medicine with Dr. A. 8. Haskell, of Hillsboro, Illinois, in 1846, and attended lectures in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1848-’9, graduating from the institution in 1849. He at once thereafter commenced the practice of his profession in Montgomery county, where he, for convenience of self and neighbors had established a post-office named Fillmore, and where he was the first postmaster. He was married to Mrs. Pheebe C. Rugg in Fillmore, May 1, 1850. She was a native of Oravge county, New York. Her maiden name was Doty. She died February 5, 1881. The doctor is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, in whose success he takes deep interest. He is an active, earnest Republican in politics, a faith from which he has never swerved since casting his first ballot, which was for General William H. Harrison. Asa physician he is painstaking, well read and earnest. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. The gentleman, whose portrait appears above, is the second son of Alfred and Elizabeth Flower, and grand- son of George Flower. He was born near Albion, in Edwards county, Illinois, December 16th, 1849. His father, Alfred Flower, was a minister, and, like many ministers in early times, witnessed the inconveniences of limited circumstances. He made, however, an extraordi- nary effort to give his children, in their early years, an ed- ucation. By great efforts and sacrifices on the part of his parents the best teachers of that day were employed and boarded in the house that they might devote their entire time to the education and improvement of their children. At the age of thirteen, R. C. Flower, a frail and delicate boy, desirous of obtaining a more thorough education, left his prairie home and went to Indianapolis, Indiana, His trials and struggles for years in search of knowledge were numerous, bitter and long—indeed the events of this period of his life would make a long and interesting history in itself—two hundred miles from home, an en- tire stranger in the city, he entered college with three dollars and seven cents in his pocket, which was his 224-A entire capital. Every cent he spent he had, by his own efforts, to first earn. Fortunately he had settled in his own mind the precept ‘‘that the man must make the circumstances, rather than the circumstances the man.” In his college course he studied theology, law, and medi- cine, and, being early admitted to the bar, he had before him a most promising future. Owing to early influences and the advice of his associates he was induced to abandon the profession of his choice and enter the ministry. He belonged to the Disciple or Christian church, a de- nomination of great strength in the west. He always had one of the most desirable churches in the denomina- tion for his charge, and preached extensively in Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky. Within four years he held fourteen public discussions, and, in many instances, with the leading and champion debaters of other denomina- tions. Mr. Flower’s oratorical parry and thrust style of argumentation rendered him a formidable antagonist to meet in debate. Shrewd, smart, quick and of astonish- ing self-possession, he never became excited yet never failed to excite his opponent. By masterly eloquence HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. and irresistible magnetism he would carry his foes as well as his friends, and in the excitement of the moment compel his opponents to cheer his arguments against their own belief. In wit he had few equals; in pathos and sarcasm, none. During all this time R. C. Flower continued his studies in medicine, purely because of his love for the science. In December, 1875, he went to Alliance, Ohio, to take charge of a large and wealthy church. As usual, the crowds to hear him became very great, so that no house in the city could hold his vast audiences. It was soon whispered round that the eloquent preacher was not sound in the faith—that he was not sound on the questions of baptism, hell, personal devil, hereditary depravity and many other church doctrines. This cre- ated an intense excitement in the denomination. Con- vention after convention was held to try the young preacher for heresy. But no trial was ever held ; the eloquent tongue, shrewd and fertile brain, defeated the plans of his opponents, and, under all circumstances, would he carry the conventions as he would a public audience. This done, R. C. Flower publicly withdrew from the denomination, and carried with him his entire church, with a few unimportant exceptions. He or- ganized an Independent church upon a broad and liberal basis—a church he claimed “should be free from all priestcraft, popecraft, bookcraft, and all superstitious and illiberal doctrines, and that it should be as broad as the wants of man, as deep as his fall, and as high as his aspirations.” He built a large and magnificent house of worship upon the highest point in the center of the city ; and to- day this Independent church stands forth (a monument of his success) as one of the largest, wealthiest and most influential societies in all the State. About this time, Dr. R. C. Flower went actively into the practice of medicine. In less than four months (on account of his almost miraculous success), his practice became so great, he was compelled to employ assistant physicians as well as establish a large health institute. His success in the practice of medicine more than out- rivaled all his preceding achievements. His practice drifted largely eastward, and the Doctor finally determined to move to the great cities of the east where he could more successfully operate his al- most supernatural healing powers. In accordance with these feelings, he sold out his Institute in February, 1880, and transferred his practice to Philadelphia, and New York. From this on, his practice became very great. His cures were so numerous, and so phenomenal, that he became a wonder in the east, Always anxious to live in Boston, and many.attractions drawing him to the hub, he gave up his beautiful residence on Fifth Avenue, New York, and transferred his practice in May, 1882, to the Athens of America. In Boston he has built up a prac- tice which is said by many to be the largest in the world. His offices are some distance from his residence, and under no circumstances will he mingle business with the 224-B pleasures of his home. A phenomenal feature in his practice is his method of diagnosing disease. He never asks a patient his trouble, but the instant he takes the hand of a sick person, he tells most accurately the disease in all its ramifications. This phenomenal phase of his practice, has brought to him thousands upon thousands of patients, and it is claimed that out of upwards of one hundred thousand examinations he has never made a mistake. In the business world Dr. R. C. Flower is as great a wonder as he is in the practice of medicine. It is said by his most intimate friends, that in all his many business enterprises he has never lost a dollar. His in- tuitional powers in detecting the actual condition of the markets seem almost infallible. If he buys stocks they go up, if he sells, they go down. He has made fortunes for many of his friends, and saved many from ruin, by advising them when to buy, and when to sell. He is largely interested in some of the largest manufacturing companies in New England, also some of the largest and richest mining companies in the world. He is a man of great individuality, a man of methods, and a man, who from all appearances, does the work of a hundred men. He never went into any thing which did not succeed, and some of his friends, prominent and leading minds in the business world, unhesitatingly declare (as superstitious as the statement may seem to some) that over his every movement is a star of destiny which enables him to evolve success out of any enterprise. Within the last few years Dr. Flower has made some large fortunes, and fortunes has he given to his friends and the needy around him. He gave away last year to his needy patients, over fifty-nine thousand dollars. No patient was ever turned away because he was too poor to pay, and no beggar ever left his door hungry and empty in pocket. Regarding his religious views, we have been permitted to quote the following extract from a letter written by Dr. R. OC. Flower, in December, 1882, to an old friend in Philadelphia, in answer to these three questions, “First. What value has money to you? 2d. What is your re- ligion? 3d. What are your ideas of good and evil?” “In answer to your questions, I would say. First. Money has no value to me except for the pleasure it gives to others; according to the pleasure you get out of a dollar, is the dollar valuable; and a dollar which never makes a human being happy, is 4 valueless, useless coin. “Second. I donot hold to any special church creed. I have long since given up the sham of shadow and form. To me, re- ligion is to doas you would be done by, to enjoy yourself, and to give to others all possible pleasure. To do something worthy of a healthy brain, worthy of an existence, worthy of an infinite soul, and to leave the world better for having lived. I believe in the ulti- mate and just punishment of all sin and in the final happiness of | all men. I believe that the more lovely, pure, gentle and beautiful you make this life, you will begin in correspondingly beautiful conditions in the life to come. I hold that every man has a right to express his honest thoughts; thought is like a river rather than a stationary pool, it grows deeper and broader with the birth of every second. Thought is the loco-power which never HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. exhausts, tires nor wanes, and moves the ship of life to-day through brighter seas, and beneath fairer skies than those of the past; makes the new a possibility, and generates every day a bud for to-morrow’s blossom. Thought is the sun of the harvest, the star in darkness, the dew drop of all foliage. For me to honestly and constantly think is right; hence it cannot be wrong for me to express my honest thoughts. I believe in the immortality of man, and that no clouds, mists, or barriers exist, or can exist, between the spirit world and the intuitional spiritual minded person. “Third.—Good is pleasure—evil is sorrow. Al sorrow is evil, all pleasure is good. To cause sorrow, to allow it to exist when you can prevent itis to do evil. To create pleasure, to perpetu- ate it, is to create and perpetuate the germ essence of goodness. The’ following verses, as they come to me, still better express may idea of good.” GOOD. There is no good outside of that which helps a human soul; There is no creed of all the creeds that’s worth a pence, Except the creed of pure good deeds richly given to those in need And ever from the soul of love flowing hence. Good is a deed or word ever so small or feebly spoken, Designed to lift a burden, to cheer the weary heart of struggling life. Rest to the trudging form and hope to blighted prospects crushed and riven, The feeblest effort to light the lip with smiles in lieu of shadows from disappointments’ night. Doing because it is sweet to do something to help another, Conscious that the lowest human life is my sister or my brother, Defending the abused and down-trodden, uplifting the fallen and weak, Not ashamed to help the lowest, nor too proud to see the poorest, nor afraid to the vilest to speak. Dissolve my life into such a creation, that from every step and from every pulsation Burst a ray of light to guide some eye, a mountain spring some soul to revive A breast of hope in which some broken life may trust and rest in peace, A life which will cast in the human form, a face that can never shed aught but a smile. Inspires the eye to piteously see the homes of want, though palaces are unobserved. The ear and heart to hear and heed the mufiled cry from the vilest soul, sin stained and crushed, Though cursed by the world for plucking from the field of thorns This bruised and sin stained bud of heaven. Good is to do to my neighbor’s child as I would have my neigh- bor do to mine. 224-0 Never a pit so deep, so dark, so wild and vile, Into which if my dear child should fall, I would not move the earth and heaven to pluck him from the burning. Thus should every child be loved and sought and saved, And doing good is doing that which does all this, And nothing less is doing good as he would do who said to others do As you would have to yourself others do. This is my creed and such shall be my life, Nothing less can I accept—nothing more can I conceive, Thus will I make the world better for having therein lived, And better will I be for having lived therein.” Dr. R. C Flower’s palatial residence on Common- wealth avenue is one of; the finest in the city ; the situa- tion is the choicest on what is claimed by Bostonians to be the grandest and most superb of all American streets. Here the hand of art and design has played a great part—the cost has never been considered in giving com- fort, elegance, and beauty to this model home, and within these radiant rooms and granite walls live the happiest hearts of earth. The Doctor takes great in- terest in his home, and in every little thing about the place. He might be considered a domestic man, for when not actually engaged in his business he is at home, or with his family at some place of amusement, or ric- ing with them behind his prancing span. He has been twice married. Firstin December, 1870, to Miss Ella Nicholson, of Jeffersonville, Indiana, a most beautiful, elegant, and highly accomplished woman ; she died in 18/6 of quick consumption. In this mar- riage four sons were born, two of whom preceded their mother to the spirit world, the other two are living. In the summer of 1877 Dr. Flower was married to Miss Mayde M. Manfull, of Alliance, Ohio. This young, loveable and gifted woman possessing rare attainments, was a great favorite with all who knew her, and was well fitted for the position her marriage called her to fill. The Doctor has been remarkably fortunate in his marriages, and this he appreciates, for his devotion to his home and family is almost idolatry. By his second marriage he has one chiid, a daughter. We close this biographical sketch of one of the most remarkable of men. A man who is a thorough success in every thing, who has made for himself and others a heaven on earth, and has settled beyond doubt that by study, industry and integrity you can attain eminence, and realize and enjoy most fully your own triumphs. “yt HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 225 WILLIAM H. MEDLER Is one of the most industrious and successful farmers in his neighborhood; in fact he is spoken of as being a model farmer. He was born in Aylsham, Norfolk, Eng- land, May 19, 1832. His father, William Medler, was by trade a shoemaker, his part of the work being that of overseer or foreman. and musician. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary Potter, was the daughter of a Veterinary Surgeon, who had a business worth a thousand pounds per annum. When but nineteen years of age the subject of this sketch, accompanied by his mother and step-father came to this country. They were six weeks and four days on the ocean aboard the sailing vessel Savannah. After reaching New York city they got out of funds, and were compelled to remain there until supplied by Mr. E. Dyball, of Madison county, New York. For seven years William H. remained in Madison county, New York, when he came to this county, His mother and family followed two years thereafter. While living in New York, he attended three terms of school of three months each, thus obtaining a fair education. He was married to Mary A. Rolands, a native of Oxfordshire, England, March 15, 1856. By her he had five children, three sons and two daughters. Of these the sons are all living, but both daughters are dead. Mary A. Medler died September 29, 1866. On the 10th of October, 1867, Mr. Medler was married to Martha Ann Kitchens, his present wife. She was the daughter of Joab Kitchens. Both of her parents died when she was a small child, so that she was reared by her grandmother. By her he has had four children, two of whom Alonzo and Lily are living, and two, Alfred Charles and Ralph are dead. Mr. Medler has been a hard worker. His first purchase of land was only five acres, which he sold, buying where he now lives, a small tract to which he has been steadily adding until it is now a farm of one hundred and sixty acres. At times he has labored as a farm hand, again at brick making or as a mechanic. Anything his hand found to do that would earn for him an honest penny was his motto. Now that he is quite independent he blesses the day he turned his back on old England, which by the way he was only enabled to do through the aid of George Barber, and found a home in America. When yet in New York, he earned $25 by chopping a hundred and fifty cords of wood, which money he sent to England to defray the passage of a brother hither. He is a staunch Republican and a member of the M. E. chureh. He is determined that his children shall have better chances than were his lot, and to that end is giving them good facilities fur gaining knowledge. Dr JOHN C. McCLURKIN Was born in Union County, Indiana, August 28th, 1810. His father, Joseph McClurkin, a farmer, was a South Carolinian by birth, whilst his mother, Nancy Cook, was an Ohioan. At the age of three years he was taken by 29 He was also a dancing master his parents to Preble County, Ohio, to live where they resided ten years, from whence they moved to Gib- son County, Indiana, where his father died January 12, 1872, aged 71 years, and where his mother still lives. In October 1861, he of whom we write enlisted as a private soldier in Co. F. 33rd Reg. Indiana Volunteers. He was with Sharman “to the sea”’ and took part in all the battles of that memorable campaign. On the 5th of March, 1863, he was taken prisoner after being wound- ed in the battle of Columbia, Tennessee, and was sent to Libby prison, at Richmond. Just two months after his imprisonment he was exchanged among the last lot of unfortunate inmates of that dread pen. He joined his command at Tullahoma in the following autumn, after having spent several months in the hospitals. His term of service extended over three years and eleven months. Upon being discharged from the service, he entered the State University of Indiana, at Bloomington, which he attended three years. He next entered the office of Drs. Mumford and West, at Princeton, Ind., as a student of medicine. From there he went to Bellevue Medical College, New York, to further prosecute his studies, and from this institution he graduated, March 2nd, 1871. He at once in seeking a location came to Albion, where he has since resided, engaging with great success in his profession. He is a member of the Illinois Medical So- ciety, and of the A. O. U. W. also of the Episcopal Church. Politically, he is an active Republican. Re- cently he was elected a member of the Albion Board of Education, as a mark of the esteem in which his interest in educational matters is held by his fellow citizens. He was married to Ellen Churchill, daughter of Joel Churchél, December 2nd, 1878. Three children, two boysand one girl, bless the union. HENRY GLAUBENSKLEE. Germany has contributed largely to the ranks of American citizenship. Her sons are a loyal, freedom- loving class of men. Many of them come to this country for the enjoyment of a larger measure of liberty than is vouchsafed under the institutions of the “ faderland.” Of the number were the Glaubensklees. They were natives of Kersha, East Prussia. Theodore, a famous educator, at one time candidate for State Superintend- ent of Public Instruction in the State of New York, was the first to break the ties of home, cross the Atlantic and cast his lot with Americans. He became a profes- sor in the Free Academy in New York city, and accu- mulated property. To his duties as a professor he added banking operations which have made him independent. Henry Glaubensklee, our distinguished subject, was born in Prussia, May 17th, 1821. In 1850, he made a visit to his brother, Theodore, in New York, and from thence started off on a hunting tour throughout the West. After reaching Edwards county he was persuaded to purchase the farm where he yet lives. This was quite foreign to his purpose, but attractions were not alone of 226 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. farming, as on the 26th of March, 1851, he was united in marriage with Sarah Hallam, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Hallam, natives of Derbyshire, England. To Henry Glaubensklee and wife there have been born eleven children, seven of whom are living and four dead. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically he is a straightforward, earnest Republican. He obtained a fine education in one of the oldest institutions of learning in Prussia. He is a man of urbane manners, happy disposition, and is a good citizen. MORRIS EMMERSON. Tue able editor of that sterling paper, the Albion Journal, was born in Wanborough, Edwards county, Illi- nois, June 7th, 1853. He comes of one of the pioneer families of the county, being the son of Jesse and Sa- mantha Emmerson. His father was a native of Indiana, while his mother, whose maiden name was Sperry, was born in Connecticut. His father has held the position as county clerk and sheriff with great acceptance. To the office of sheriff he was three times elected. Morris obtained his education chiefly in the common schools of the county and the high school of Albion. This was sup- plemented by a commercial course in Bryant & Strat- ton’s Commercial College of St. Louis, from which insti- tution he graduated in the summer of 1869. Upon his return home he was installed as book-keeper for Church- ill & Dalby, dealers in pork, grain and general mer- chandise, with whom he remained about six years. In September, 1875, he went to Red Oak, Iowa, where he was engaged in a similar capacity, and for a time in the Valley National Bank. In 1876, he returned to Fair- field, Wayne county, as clerk for Thomas W. Scott, a merchant of that place. In connection with Ballentine he bought the Journal during the same year, and in 1878, became sole proprietor He was married to Ida Harris, daughter of George Harris, April 10, 1878. By this union there have been born two bright children, a boy and a girl. Mr. Emmerson is aa active member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of the A. O. U. W. and of the Sons of Temperance. In the manage- ment of his paper he is earnest in his advocacy of Re- publican principles, fearless in upholding his ideas of temperance, and careful in making his a reliable tamily paper. JOSEPH M. CAMPBELL, Tue present popular and efficient judge of the county court of Edwards county, was born in the neighboring county of Wayne, February 20th, 1837. His father, Alexander Campbell, was a native of Kentucky, whilst his grandfather, also Alexander by name, came from county Tyrone, Ireland. His mother, whose maiden name was Amelia Bird, was also of Kentucky nativity. In a family of nine children Joseph M. was the fourth in order of birth. Of the number six are yet living, five of whom are settled around the parental home in Wayne county, where his people first located in 1817. The subject of this biography obtained a fair common school education, and when twenty years of age entered the school-room as teacher. During the war for the Union he enlisted in Company G 18th Regiment Illinois Vol- unteers, of which he was made Orderly Sergeant, and in the fall of 1861, was promoted to Lieutenant, after a year’s service he resigned and returned home. Jn 1864, he entered the law office of W. H. Robinson, of Fair- field, as a student of law and in 1865, was admitted to practice. The following year in the month of Novem- ber he came to Albion to prosecute his profession. Here he soon acquired a fine practice, and what was of greater value, the esteem of his fellow-citizens as being a man of unquestioned integrity of character. Although, politically a Democrat, in a county recognized as one of the Republican strongholds he was because of his re- cognized fitness for discharging the duties of the office elected judge of the county court in 1873, a position he has since held. In the discharge of his official duties his work is marked by judicial ability and fairness in all dealings. He is a member of the Masonic frater- nity, in the workings of which order he takes great in- terest. On the 17th of December, 1878, he was united in marriage to Annabelle Thompson, daughter of Dr. Francis Burdette Thompson, one of the pioneer physi- cians of the county. WALTER COLYER, Tue editor of the News, is a young man of unexceptionable habits, of good business qualifications and determination that knows no failure. He is a native of this county, having been born in Village Prairie, July 19, 1856. He came of good old English stock, John Colyer and Ann Withall, of Surrey, Eng- land, were married in the year 1775, They raised a large family, and of the number, four sons found their way to America; first James and Edward, who came to Illinois in 1818, followed by their brothers, John and William, who came across the ocean, a few years after, John locating in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and William in Louisiana where he was murdered. Edward Colyer and Jane Thread traveled fourteen miles from their homes, on Village Prairie, to the nearest squire, two miles south of Grayville, and were married in September, 1818. Their union was blessed by a family of twelve children, namely: Eliza, John, William, James, Ann, Jane, Elizabeth, Edward, Mary, George, Henry, and Robert ; all but James and Elizabeth reached man and womanhood’s estate. John died in August, 1858, and tobert died in the service of his country in 1868. Ed- ward served in the army, during the Rebelion, as lieu- tenant-colonel of the 87th Illinois Volunteers, and after the close of the war moved to Kansas, whither Henry, who had lived a few years in Minnesota, followed him, The others, with the exception of Mary, now in Marshall theme cnt eC z ERO ue : SON Ree Sa poses Xx. Sy DENCE TRIBE, Se: 3 RDS CO.ILL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 227 county Illinois, are all inthis county. William Colyer and Sarah Hunton Hardy, daughter of Jonas Hardy, and native of Pennsylvania, were married May 10, 1849. To them were born two sons, Morris and Walter. Mor- ris is a thrifty farmer. On the 27th of December, 1876, he was married to Etta Peters. Jonas Hardy was a na- tive of Yorkshire, England; came to America in 1819, and to Edwards county in 1838, locating in Frazier prairie, near the site of the present village of Browns. He died in Albion in August, 1871. The Colyer family were generally industrious, saving and prosperous farm- ers. Most of their number were, and are, members of the Christian or Disciples church. ELD. CALEB EDWARDS, Was born in Brighton, England, February 25th, 1832. His father, Henry Edwards, was an architect and builder. His mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Hollingham. In the year 1840, the family came to the United States, locating at first in Dearborn county, In- diana, whence they moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1842. Here Caleb, who was the eighth in order of birth, together with his brothers and sister, obtained a common school education. Here, too, he served an apprenticeship as a carpenter. In 1848, the family found a home among people of like nationality with themselves in Edwards county, locating on Boltinghouse prairie, where they engaged in farming. On the 2ist February, 1855, Caleb Edwards was united in marriage with Mary Hannah Orange, daughter of Eld. Daniel Orange, one of the pioneer settlers in the county, and one of theactive members of the Christian faith. By this union there have been born six children: Caleb Henry (died in November, 1864), Elizabeth (now the wife of— Hodson) Orange, Thomas Albert (died April 17th, 1881), Mollie and Naomi. Mr. Edwards has pursued the vocation of farming ever since coming to this county. With this he has combined preaching since 1868. A most faithful and zealous Christian; a constant student of the word of God, he accomplished much in behalf of primi- tive Christianity. True to his professions, his daily walk and conversation made him a teacher by example as well as precept. He isa representative temperance advocate, whose boast it is, that he never tasted ardent spirits. As a Prohibitionist, he was the party’s standard bearer for legislative honors in 1882. Of pleasing address, cheerful disposition, earnest in his enthusiasm, he has made hosts of friends. ROBERT W. CURDLING. Among the enterprising tradesmen of Albion is Robert W. Curdling, who was born in Bridport, Dorsetshire, England, April 16th, 1854. His father, Robert by name, was born in the same village July 25th, 1835. Here he was early apprenticed to a shoemaker, and followed the trade, first at home, then for ten years in London and again in Bridport, and since 1857 in Albion. His father in turn was Richard Curdling, a baker by trade. The mother of Robert W. Curdling was Harriet White. A brother of hers had located in Albion several years prior to the coming of Mr. Curdling, and in fact his letters, directed Robert Curdling’s attention particularly to Albion and determined him upon coming here. In 1857 he bid adieu to his native land, crossed the ocean, land- ing in New-Yerk city, July 3d of that year. Early the next morning, it being the natal day of American Inde- pendence; his vision was greeted with tri-colored bunt- ing and flags in great profusion every where. He sought work in the city and promptly obtained it. On Saturday night after the end of his first week’s employ- ment he was astonished to find a fellow workman chat- ting pleasantly and smoking with his employer. This was new to him who had been accustomed to recognizing a wide breach between master and laborer—but, he reflected—this is America, the land of liberty. In the fall of 1857 he was in Albion and opened the shop which has since been in his hands, until transferred to his son, Robert W. In the family were five children, all living. Robert W., Richard G., Martha W. now the wife of Mr. Johnson, William H. and Mary H. Robert W. Curdling, who inherits the characteristic stick-to-itive-ness of his father learned his father’s trade early in life, and with commendable energy pursues it. He was united in marriage with Madelina R., daughter of James Tribe (of one of the leading families of Edwards county) Oct. 31st, 1880. One child, a daughter, Leeta V. by name, blessed the union. Mr. Curdling is a pronounced Republican politically. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. in which order he is an officer, and in the work- ings of which he takes great interest. He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. As a business man he is energetic, thoroughly honest in his dealings and has established a fine trade. THOMAS T. WOODS, One of the most successful farmers in Edwards county, was born April 16th, 1822. His parents, John and Elizabeth, were both English by birth. His father located in Edwards county in 1819, hence was among the old pioneer settlers. Here he kept hotel, or as it was termed public house, several years. In 1827, he moved to Shawneetown where he died in 1829. His widow returned with the family to Albion, and again took charge of the hotel, which she kept aided by her family until 1838. Thomas T. Woods remained with his mother until 1845. He was united in marriage with Georgiana W. Spangler, daughter of Emanueland Jane Spangler, September 8th, 1843. The Spanglers were feom York, Pennsylvania, and were of Irish and Ger- man descent. To Mr. and Mrs. Woods have been born ten children, eight of whom Maurice, Charles, Alfred, Harry, Edgar, Spangler, Elmer and Katie are living, and Mary Jane and Lewis are dead. All the children 228 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. are residents of the county, and all are agriculturists save Edgar, a shoemaker by trade. Mr. Woods’ first venture in his own behalf was the purchase of a tract of one hundred and sixty acres in 1845, on which he yet lives, and to which he has added over forty acres. The original cost of the tract was $600. Year by year by constant toil he has made it one of the best farms in the county. He takes an active interest in everything calculated to enhance the prosperity of hiscounty. He is a member of the Episcopal Church. An excellent citizen, an obliging neighbor, a man of fine judgment, he possesses the esteem and love of a large circle of friends and acquaintances, GEORGE BOWER. THE present popular treasurer of Edwards county was born in Albion, January 22d, 1832. His father, George Bower, was a native of Germany, where he was born January 30th,.1788, a potter by trade. He worked some time at his trade in the city of Paris, France, where he located August, 1818, hence acquired the French language, which was spoken in the family. After coming to America on board the Louis from Havre de Grace en route thirty-one days in October, 1826, he located first in New York, thence to Vevay, Switzerland county, Indiana, and from there he was led, through the solicitations of George Flower, to come to Albion, where he prosecuted his trade a number of years. He died, or rather was killed by a fall from a wagon, breaking his neck, September 20th, 1848. His wife, whose maiden name was Catharine Kophfel, was born in Germany July 9th, 1794. To them were born five children in Europe, two of whom died there, and three in this country, eight in all. Mrs. Bower died April 12th, 1858. Mr. George Bower obtained a very fair common-school education. In 1848, then sixteen years of age he went south to work with an older brother, Adam Bower, as gin-wright. Two years after he returned and followed the avocation of carpenter three years, when he associated himself with William B. Tribe in wagon-making, combining therewith the work of blacksmithing and wheelwright. In 1854, he be- came sole proprietor of the establishment, remaining so until 1867, when he formed a co-partnership with Messrs. Painter and Frankland, which arrangement continued until 1871, since which time he has continued business alone as before. He was married to Mary Frankland, daughter of Robert Frankland, of English birth, No- vember 19th, 1856, by whom he has ten children, six boys and four girls. Mr. Bower is a working member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He is a Republican in politics, and has for many years held, po- sitions of profit and trust. His first public office was that of police magistrate, which was followed by his election as county treasurer in 1875, an office he has since continuously held. He takes great interest in educational affairs, which received recognition at the hands of his fellow citizens by his being maintained as member of the board of education. Mr. Bower is a man of enterprise, industry and high social qualties. —— 2622S ESS - LAWRENCE. LAWRENCE COUNTY. from the fact that it contains the capital of the county, and is among the first-settled precincts of Lawrence county, and bears the same name. It is centrally situated, and includes the fractional part of four congressional townships, to wit ; townships three and four, ranges eleven and twelve. It has an area of forty-two sections, or about 26,880 acres of land, nearly three-fourths of which is under cultiva- tion. It is bounded on the north by Bond township, east by Allison, south by Dennison, and west by Bridgeport and Petty townships. The surface is generally undula- ting, and iu places along theEmbarras river quite prom- inent bluffs appear. In the south and west the surface is mainly level, and the soil is a dark loam and specially adapted to the raising of corn. The land in this part of the township is cousidered the most valuable from the act of its extreme productiveness. In the east the soil is sandy and not so productive. Along the state road, leading west, there are many fine farms, the soil being a chocolate colored clay, and is the best wheat-producing soil in the county. On either side of the Embarras river there are quite extensive bottoms, especially on the north- east. These are mainly covered with heavy timber, and are subject to overflow. The natural drainage is good, but tiling would pay an- hundredfold. The Embarras enters the township in sec- 22, township +, range 12, and flows in a southeasterly course, diagonally through the precinct, and passes out in section 17, township 3, range 11. Brushy Fork and Muddy creed constitute its northwestern tributaries, and Indian creek is its west and southern tributary. The Ohio and Mississippi railroad extends from east to west through its entire territory, entering from the east in sec- HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 229 tion 4, township 3, range 11, and crosses the boundary line into Bridgeport in section 9, same township and range. The Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railway crosses the precinct from north to south, entering from the north between sections 19 and 20, township 4, range 11, and passes out at the corner of sections 17 and 18, same township and range. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. One of the first to brave the wilds of the western fron- tier was John Mc Cleave, a native of Maryland, born in 1778. When a mere boy his parents moved to the state of Ohio, where he grew to manhood. In 1801, he mar- ried Mary Benefiel, and remained in Ohio until 1814, when he moved to Illinois (then Territory) and first stopped in-the north part of Allison’s Prairie, not far from the present site of Centerville. The Indians then being on the war-path, he was obliged to move his fami- ly into the fort (Fort Allison) for protection, where they remained until thespring of 1814. After the conclusion of the treaty with England relating to the war of 1812, the Indians became peaceable, and the people left the fort. Mr. Me Cleave located across the river from Vincennes, where he remained until the following spring, when he moved over the river and stayed one year. In the spring of 1817, he again came to the Illinois side and perma- nently located in section 3, township 3, range 11 west, then Edwards county. At this time his family consist- ed of his wife and five children, William, John, Rebec- ca, George and Lucinda. He threw up a small camp, made of puncheons, and commenced the life of a pioneer. He entered quite a tract of land, which he subsequently improved. Mr. McCleave was an unassuming man, a good citizen and a kind neighbor. He died at the old home in 1846. Mrs. McCleave survived him until 1860. Two children were born to them after their settlement, Robert B.,and Mary. Only three of the family are now living, George, Robert and Lucinda. The former resides on the old farm, and has filled the office of justice of the peace for twenty-two years, and is still acting in that ca- pacity. A son, J. W. is the present county treasurer. George is also living at the old farm. Lucinda, now widow of Thomas Dickerson, resides in section 33, town- ship 4, range 12. The first permanent English immigration and settle- ments were madein 1816-17 after the Indian troubles had ceased, at which time there was quite an active in- flux of emigrants, who were mainly families from some portion of the South. Among these was Geo. W. Kin- kaid who came with his family from Kentucky in the above year and settled in section 28, township 4, range 11. He had one son, Albert, and three daughters. Mr. K. resided on his farm for some years, when his wife died, apd he moved into Lawrenceville. He was one of the early postmasters of the town. He remained here until ‘his death, which occurred in 1848. Albert, his son, is a citizen of Richland county. A prominent pioneer was Col. Willam Spencer, who permanently located in section 2, township 3, range 12. He had been here several years prior to this settlement He improved a good farm, and was very popular with his neighbors. In early times all male citizens of certain ages, were required to muster, and devote a portion of time each year to train as militiamen. Mr. Spencer was elected a colonel of a regiment, hence his title, and he was ever afterward known, by his acquaintances, as Col- onel Spencer. He was also elected County Commision- er for some years. He died nearly half a century ago. At his coming there were three pioneer children, Jane, Fannie, and William, all of whom are dead. One son, George, who was born in the precinct, is now living in Macoupin county. David Grove came from Pennsylvania, in 1816, and lo- cated in section 10, township 3, range 12. He had a family of three children, Michael, John, and Eliza. He was of German descent, and thus a very industrious and thrifty farmer, cultivating a good farm, on which he lived until his death, which occurred in 1842. His remains were interred on his own land. His widow survived him but a few years. Washington Grove, residing in Petty township, is one of his sons, and the only one of the fam- ily now living. Another pioneer of 1816, was Isaiah Lewis, who migra- ted from Kentucky with a large family. He settled in section 3, township 3, range 12, where he cleared and im- proved a good farm. He resided here until about 1830, when he moved to some point north in the state, He was school teacher, and in the pioneer times was one of the first teachers in this part of the country. But one of the family is living in the county, Jacob, who is a resident of Petty township. Larkin Ryle came to the state as early as 1813 or 14, entered land and returned to Kentucky from whence he came. He owned several slaves in that state, and when the emigration excitement for Illinois, commenced he sold them and came to the land he had entered, it being the south half of section 11, township 3, range 12. He was then quite an old man and feeble in constitution. He brought no family with him, having left them in Ken- tucky. He taught school for several years, and lived around among the settlers. It is said that he was the first teacher in this precinct, having taught the children of the pioneers as early as 1817 or 718. He continued teaching as long as his health would permit, and finally died with lingering consumption at the house of one of the early settlers. This was more than half a century ago. John Buchanan was also from the South, and as early as 1816 he came to the State and settled in section 12, township 3, range 12. He was a man of family, several of his children being old enough to aid him in his pio- neer efforts. He improved a farm, where he resided until his children had grown up and married. He then moved to Lawrenceville, where he resided until his death , which occurred long ago. Some of his descendants are yet living in the county. The Rawlings family were from Kentucky, and located 230 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. in the county in 1816. The old gentleman was very aged when he made his advent here, and lived but a few years. His sons, James, Nathan, Scott, and Michael, were citizens of the county for many years, all of whom have passed away. N. D. Rawlings, who resides a mile east of Lawrenceville, is ason of James. N. D. is the present supervisor of the precinct, and has represented it as such since 1879. Several other descendants of the family are citizens of the county. Thomas Fyffe and family came from Kentucky in 1814, and, upon their arrival in the territory, they were obliged to take refuge in Fort Allison. With the rest, after peace was declared, he left the Fort and located temporarily in the eastern part of the county. In 1817, he entered land in section 34, township 4, range 12, where he made a permanent settlement. This was his home until his death, which occurred about 1830. But one of the family is now living (Albert), who is residing at the old homestead. It is said that Edward P., a de- ceased son, was the first child born of English parents in Lawrence county. Another pioneer of 1817 was John Brigman, a native of South Carolina. On coming to Illinois, he first stopped upon the site where Lawrenceville now stands. His family consisted of his wife, two children and two brothers. The names of the latter were, Solomon and Isaac. He built him a small house, or rather hut, but remained “here only a short time, moving to what is known as Brigman’s Island. He located in section 22, township 4, range 12, on the farm now owned and occupied by Joseph Griggs. all the family soon died. Mr. B. also died here, and was buried on his own land. Robert Benefiel came from Ohio in 1818, and settled in section 34, township 4, range 12. He had a family, consisting of his wife and one daughter, Ruhama. His first domicil was a covered. rail-pen. It was in this pen that one of the first children was born in this precinct, the event occurring in 1818, not long after Mr. Bene- fiel’s advent to the State. He remained here improving a little farm until 1830, when his wife died. He, with his family, then moved to the State of Indiana. Joseph Lamott was of French descent, and came over from Vincennes in 1818, and located in section 9, twp. 3, rangel2. Itissaid of him that he was a most excellent citizen and an obliging neighbor. He died at his farm about fifteen years ago. His second wife survives him, and is residing at the old homestead. One son and two daughters are residents of the county—James, Caroline, and Angeline. The latter is the wife of James Dunlap. Another settler of 1818 was Benjamin McCleave, who was born in Maryland, and was a brother of James Mc- Cleave, before mentioned. He emigrated from Ohio with his family to this State, and settled in section 3, township 3, range 12, on land that he had entered two years before. Prior to his coming he had been twice married, and the family consisted of four of his own children and five step-children. The names of the for- This was a sickly locality, and nearly, mer were—Polly, Sally, Betsy and Benjamin; those of the latter were—Polly, Helen, Martha, Betsy and Mar- garet. He died about 1845. But one of the family isa resident of the county (John), who is a native born. John Gillespie came from Virginia, near Wheeling, in 1820, with a family of children, viz: Jane, Robert, William, Mary Ann, Elizabeth, Walter, Ellen and Sa- muel, and settled on the southeast quarter of section 15, township 3, range 12, where he resided permanently, and died about 1846, at the age of sixty-eight years. Elizabeth and Samuel are yet living,—the latter on the old place. A prominent settler of 1821 was James McLean. He, with his brother John, came from Kentucky in 1817, and located at Shawneetown, Illinois. The latter subse- quently became United States Senator. James came to Lawrence county in 1821, and on the organization of the county he was appointed the first circuit clerk by Judge Wilson. This office he held until the breaking out of the Black Hawk war, when he resigned his office and volunteered for that campaign. While in service, his successor died, upon which the people of the county signed a petition to have Mr. McLean re-appointed, which was speedily done. This Was in 1832. He held the office until 1836. In 1838 he was elected clerk of the council of revision. In 1840 he was in the legisla- ture and drew up the bill for the organization of Rich- land county. In 1842 he was appointed registrar of the land office at Palestine, which position he filled until 1854. He then returned to Lawrence county and be- came county judge, which office he held until his death, in 1859. A family by the name of McCall settled two miles north of Lawrenceville about 1817 or’18. McCall was killed by a Delaware Indian in 1820. A band of the Delawares was encamped at the time on Brushy Fork, Several of them went over to McCall’s cabin and de- manded whisky. He refused them, and a conflict was brought on,and in the fracas McCall was killed by their leader, Killbuck. The family subsequently moved to some other point. About 1819, Toussaint and Loire Dubois located on the claim made by their father, Toussaint Dubois, Sen. This tract comprised 1020 acres, and included nearly all of section 1, township 3, range 11. They built a water- mill on the Embarras, which was situated where the pres- ent mill now stands. They were also active in building up the town of Lawrenceville, having at one time an interest in a large distillery, besides conducting quite an extensive mercantile business. Toussaint died in Law- renceville a half century ago. Loire returned to Vin- cennes, where he remained until his death. Among other pioneers were Cornelius Taylor, Abra- ham Carnes, Scott Riggs, Moses Petty, Henry Gillham, Daniel Robinson, Joshua Alexander, William M. Small, Jonathan Leach and others. The former kept a ferry across the Embarras, just above the bridge at Lawrence- ville, as early as 1816. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 231 Among those who have been prominent of a later date is Daniel L. Gold; a native of Virginia. He came to Lawrenceville in 1844, and engaged as a vlerk in a mercantile house. Four years later he became a partner. In the early part of the rebellion he was appointed by Governor Yates Assistant Adjutant-General of the State. As a citizen of the county, he was always among the foremost in the advocacy of public improvements, and that which would enure for the public good. At this writing he is in Washington city, an appointee of the Government in the pension department. Other old citizens who are yet living in the precinct may be mentioned as follows: William Richardson was born in Hardy county, Virginia, and came to the county in 1828. He resides in section 29, township 3, range 11. James A. Crews came from Crawford county, Illinois, in 1829. His residence is near Law- renceville, in section 6, township 3, range 11. W.S. Kennessey was born in Baltimore, and came to the county in 1839 ; resides in section 1, township 3, range 12. James N. Musgrave came from Ohio to the county in 1839 He is the proprietor of the Junction Hotel at the O. & M. Junction. William Musgrave is also from Ohio, came in 1840, and is the station agent at the junc- tion. Lafayette Barnes, Circuit Clerk, is a native of the county, born in 1840. Nancy A. Smith, nee Wright, came from Ohio to the county in 1840. George W. Green was born in the county in 1841. He residesin section 6, township 3, range 11. W.H. H. Mieure is also a native of the county, born in 1841, and resides in section 19, township 3, range 11. His father was among the early settlers. John G. Fritchy came from Penn- sylvania in 1841, and is located in section 5, township 8, range 11, Capt. Henry A. Clubb, Deputy County Clerk, was born in the county in 1843. He is a deséen- dant of one of the pioneers of the county. An early settler, yet living, is William Tanquary, who resides about two miles west of Lawrenceville. He was one of the first blacksmiths in the town. He subsequently moved to the county, and is among the prosperous farm- ers of the precinct. A little northeast of Lawrence- ville is a settlement known as Robinson’s Row. It re- ceives its name from several families settling there by the name of Robinson. This settlement was made from about 1824 to 18-8. LAND ENTRIES. Believing that the first land entries will prove of interest to the readers of this history, we here append them as shown by the record: January 24, 1816, John McCleave entered the 5. W. + of sec. 20. George W. Kinkaid entered October 1, 1816, the N. E. ¢ of sec. 28. William Huston entered on the same day, the N. W.+4 of same sec. Samuel Gaston entered July 21, 1815, the N. E. + of sec 382. On the same day, Abra- ham Carnes entered the S E. + of same section. Scott Riggs entered, January 26, 1816, the 8. W. i of sec. 33. The above are allin township 4, range 1l. The following are in township 3, range 12: William Smith entered, November 6, 1816, the south 4 of sec. 1. Wil- liam Spencer entered, October 29, 1816, the S. W. + of sec. 2. John Benefiel entered, Oct. 3, 1816, the N. E. + of sec. 8. Peter Lewis entered, May 6, 1816, the N. W. + of the same section. Benjamin McCleave entered, September 30, 1816, the S. W. 4 of same section. John Richardson entered, October 2, 1816, the N. E. + of sec. 9. Elijah Atherton entered, September 30, 1816, the E. 4 of the N. W.+ of the same section. Daniel Grove entered, October 29, 1816, the N. E.4 of sec. 10. Lar- kin Ryle entered, September 9, 1813, the S. 4 of sec. 11. John Buchanan entered, November 6, 1816, the S 2 of sec. 12, The following entries are in township 4, range 12: George Weston entered, May 19, 1817, the E. 3 of the 8. E. + of sec. 24. Thomas Landon entered, December 3, 1816, the S. W. 4 of sec. 34. John Benefiel entered, September 30, 1816, the N. E + of sec. 33. Joseph P. Badollett entered, March 25, 1817, the S. E. + of sec. 27. Robert Benefiel entered, March 9, 1817, the N. E. + of sec. 28. C. White and D. Cummings entered, November 9, 1817, the N. W. 4 of the same section. Thomas Fyffe entered, October 14, 1817, the N. W. + of sec. 34. From best authority, Col. William Spencer was the first white man to locate in this precinct. He had built adouble log cabin on the Embarras, at a point where the “old trace” crossed the river. This was about 1806. With the exception of one or two cabins further west, there was no other habitation between Vincennes and the old French town of Cahokia, In 1816, we find Mr. Spencer located in section 2, township 3, range 12, a brief sketch of whom is given in this chapter. So far as can be ascertained, the first couple married in the township, was William McCleave and Nancy Benefiel, in the spring of 1820. The ceremony was performed at Vincennes, by the Reverend Elihu Stout. Appropos of the foregoing it might not he out of place to relate a rather ludicrous as well as, perhaps, painful affair to the parties most interested, that occurred in 1819. Our informant says that, ‘‘I was then a mere boy, but 1t smacked so much of the ridiculous that I have always remembered it.” It seems that a couple from Indiana had determined to marry, and the parents of the girl were very much oppossed to the match. They clandestinely fled to this side of the river with the intention of procuring license for the marital bonds. The young man left his intended bride at the cabin of one of the settlers, when he went post haste to Palmyra (then the county seat of Edwards county) to obtain the necessary papers. In his absence the friends of the girl, who had been following them, appeared upon the scene, made a raid on the cabin, and took the girl by force, carrying her back to her home. Imagine if you can, the young man’s feelings, when he returned but a short time afterwards, and found that his dear one had been spirited away. Our informant says, that he sat down upon the ground and blubbered like a school-boy. 282 The first public place of interment is situated in sec- tion 3, township 3, range 12, and the first person buried here was achild of Jonathan Leach, in 1820. It has been abandoned as a place of burial for more than twenty years. Larkin Ryle taught the first school, in 1818. The school was taught in a log cabin situated in section 54, township 4, range 12. It was built by John Bray for a dwelling, but his wife dying soon after his advent here, he returned to Indiana, leaving the cabin vacant. It is said that Mr. Ryle was not much addicted to the use of the rod, but did all his lashing with his tongue. He was very particular about keeping the sexes apart, and would throw up long rows of brush to separate their play grounds. The first house built for school purposes was in 1822, and was situated in section 3, township 3, range 12. It was constructed of round hickory logs, and roofed with rived clapboards, which were held to their places by weight poles. It contained a fire-place, stick chimney, puucheon floor, puncheon seats and pun- cheon desks. ‘Two logs were scutched down at a con- venient distance from the floor to form a window, and over this crevice was pasted greased paper through which the light could penctrate. Let the young readers of this history compare then with now. The first to conduct religious services among the pioneers, were Eldeis B McCorckle and William Kin- kaid, both belonging to the New Light persuasion, now commonly known as Campbellites or Christians, The services were held in the groves or the houses of the settlers. The first house built for public worship was about 1840. It was constructed by the Methodist Episcopal denomination, and is situated in Lawrenceville. It is now used by the M. E colored church society. The first magistrates were Henry Gillham, Benjamin McCleave and John McCleave. For the first medical attendance the pioneers were obliged to send over to Vincennes. The first resident physicans were Gabriel Cochran, Dr. Barton and William Anderson. They recided at Lawrenceville. No post-office was established until about 1821 or 1822, when Lawrenceville was located. Prior to this, mail was obtained at Vincennes. At this time it re- quired twenty-five cents to get a letter from distant friends. Valentine J. Bradley was one of the first post- wasters at Lawrenceville. Mr. Galbreth was the first smith to shoe the horses and mend the linchpins of the early settlers. His shop was situated a little south of where the court-house now stands. This ground was then a wilderness of sugar maple, extending from his shop north to the river. It is needless to say that both shop and smith have passed away long ago. The early milling was had at Vincennes. In 1817 or 718, John Brigman attempted to construct a water mill on the Embarras, near where the present water mill stands, but his efforts proved abortive. A little later, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Cornelius Taylor also made the attempt, but failed. In 1819 or 1820, Toussaint and Loire Dubois, with the aid of the settlers, succeeded in constructing a dam, and a mill was soon erected. One of the piouveers, now dead, writing to a friend says: ‘‘ We succeeded in constructing a feeble affair, which was familiarly known as a‘ corn- cracker,’ but poor as it was, we were proud of it. It would grind nothing but corn, but corn was all we had, and little of that.” Subsequently a saw mill was at- tached, and they did good service for the settlers for several years, when they went to decay. It is said that after the mill was abandoned, the boys would go down, hoist the gate, and grind pebbles in it for a pas- time. The first blooded stock introduced in the precinct was in 1830, by James Nabb, it being a celebrated breed of horses which were imported from the State of Kentucky. About 1845, a serious malady prevailed here, known as the “ black tongue”—it proved very fatal, and many were swept away by this much-dreaded disease. With this exception, the township has been one of the most healthy and prosperous in the county. The roads and bridges are kept in fair condition, and good farms and farm improvements are to be seen throughout its ter- ritory. Supervisors.—The following is a list of the names of those who have represented the precinct in the county board since township organization: W.M. Edmondson was elected in 1857, and served one term. Daniel L. Gold was elected in 1858, and served one term. George M. Whittaker was elected in 1859, served two terms. John Seed was elected in 1861, served one term, and was chairman of the board. Daniel Feagans was elected in 1862, and served until 1867. George M. Whittaker was re-elected in 1867, and served until 1870, and was chair- man of the board for the year 1868. Perry Lewis was elected in 1870, and served two terms. George M. Whit- taker was re-elected in 1872, served one term. H. C. McCleave was elected in 1873, served one term. Thomas Kirkwood was elected in 1874, and served until 1879, being chairman of the board for the year 1877. N. D. Rawlings was elected in 1879, and served till 1883, when William N. Tanquary, the present incumbent, was chosen. LAWRENCEVILLE, . At the special May meeting of the county commis- sioners’ court, after the county was organized in 1821, a committee of two was appointed to select a site for a county seat. These committee men were Moses Thomp. son and William Wilson. The following is their report, made the 16th day of May, 1821: ‘The location is selected-on the twenty acres on the west side of the Em- barras river, three hundred yards south of the Dubois’ mills, on a ridge to the left of the St. Louis trail, laid off in a square and designated as the centre of said tract by a white oak stump with a peeled stake sticking by its side, as the seat of justice.” This ground is situated on the old French claim of BEETS Petree Ji. LAURENCE Co, 2 LAURENCEVILLE Corer Miu Fe. DPFIBELBIS PRoF’RS. Lancaster, WABASH Co.,/LL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 233 Toussaint Dubois, sen., a tract containing 1020 acres. The site for the capital of the county was selected nearly central within the claim, being a part of the northwest quarter of northwest quarter of section 6, township 3, range 11 west of the second principal meridian. It was surveyed and platted by John Dunlap, the 27th and 28th days of June, 1821, and placed on record April 24, 1823. The deed for the twenty acres was executed Sep- . tember 15th, 1821, by Jane Dubois, executrix, widow of Toussaint Dubois, sen., and Toussaint, jr. and H. Dubois, executors, in and for the sum of $300. It was executed to John Dunlap, James Lanterman and William Mar- tin, county commissioners of Lawrence county. The town was laid off three blocks square, with the block for the county buildings arranged in the center. The streets were 82 feet wide, and named as follows: Those extend - ing north and south were called Main and Market ; those east and west, Jones and Sugar streets. It is the oldest town in the county. Several additions have been made since its formation. Bradley's addition was made in 1826 ; Badollet and Eaton’s in 1828; Clubb’s in 1829 ; Baker’s in 1839, and Jones’ in 1853. The first house built within the present village limits was the house or hut of John Brigman, about 1816. It was situated at the bluff, not far from the Hydraulic mills. The first merchandise was sold by the Dubois Brothers in 1821. The storehouse was a small frame building situated north of the court-house square. The lumber for its construction was hauled from Vincennes. The mill before mentioned had then been in operation for nearly two years, and a few houses were scattered about the timber. Large maple trees then covered the present site of the town; in short, it was but a little hamlet within a sugar camp. About 1827 the Dubois Brothers erected quite an extensive distillery. It was located a little east of Price’s steam flouring mill, up against the bluff, and extended across what is now Can- thorn street. It subsequently passed into the hands of Riley Brothers, who enlarged the building and the capa- city of the works. For a time this industry furnished a market for all the corn for many miles around. The product was shipped to New Orleans in flat-boats via the Embarras, Wabash, Ohio and Mississippi rivers. This establishment was in running order until about 1843, when it was abandoned and went to decay. The writer was upon the ground only a short time since, but nothing is left to show that all was life and activity here “some forty years ago.’”’ A carding and fulling mill were also a part of the business of the town at that time. Quite an extensive slaughtering and packing- house was then under the supervision of Henry Shep- herd, which furnished a good market for the pork raised in this region of the State. Indeed, the town of Law- renceville was a lively, busy point until about 1848, it having a large trade with the South by means of fiat- boats. Its backward tendency is, no doubt, owing to the building of the Ohio and Mississippi railroad, leaving the town about a mile to the north of this great thorough- 30 fare, since which time it has rather gone backward than otherwise. Incorporation —The act incorporating the town of Lawrenceville was approved Feb. 12th, 1835. The fol- lowing are the boundaries of the same, as provided by the charter: “One square mile, laid out by lines run- ning due north and south, east and west, and the center of the public square to be the center of said square mile.’’ The corporate powers and duties were vested in seven trustees, who were authorized to appoint their presiding officer and all other officers of the board. The _ charter also provided that the trustees should have the prerogative to divide the town into two wards or more. All east of Main street to compose one ward, and all west of said street to compose another. If more were made, the trustees were required to make record of the same. Unfortunately, the records of the first action of the board have been lost, and we are unable to give a synop- sis of its doings or the names of the first officers elect. Since first incorporation by an Act of the Legislature, the limits of the town have been considerably extended. Village Organization—A. vote was had by the citi- zens of the town, March 12th, 1879, to determine if the people desired to organize under a general provision of the statute relating to villages, etc. Upon canvassing the vote, it was found that there were fifty-one votes for village organization and none against it. An election was held on the 19th of April following to elect officers under the new regime, when the following officers were elected: C. Cole, Clinton Abernathy, Silas Hall, Robert W. Musgrave, T. A. Curry and John H. Roberts were elected as trustees. Daniel L. Gold was elected village clerk, and William Robinson magistrate. The present village officers are: Trustees—C. Cole, T. W. Roberts, J. K. Dickerson, A. L. Irwin, F. W. Weyl and E. B. Price; clerk—F rank C. Meserve; treasurer—E. Schmal- hausen; magistrate—William Robinson ; street commis- sioner —J. A. Organ; constable—Lafayette Currie. Treasurer, street commissioner and constable are ap- pointive offices. PRESENT BUSINESS, ETC. Hydraulic Mills, Cyrenus Cole, proprietor.—This mill is situated on or near the site of the old Dubois mill which went to decay more than half a century ago, it being on the Embarras river just north of the town. The present mill was built by Daniel Payne about 1833. When first constructed it contained two run of burrs, and subsequently was attached a carding mill and a saw mill. These latter attachments were destroyed by fire in 1855. Later, it was owned by the firm of Ryan & Mc- Lean, who conducted the business for a time, when it went down, and for some years remained silent, Mr. Cole took possession of it in the fall of 1880. Its power was what is known as the re-active system, but at this time it has the turban wheel with nine feet head of wa- ter. The building is a frame, three stories high, and 50x60 feet on the ground, It contains two run of stone, 234 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. with a capacity of 65 barrels of flour daily, and when in operation gives employment to two men. Price Steam Flouring Mitls.—This industry was estab- lished by W. C. Price in the fall of 1880, and is situated on the west side of Canthorn street, in the north part of town near the river. The building is a frame 38x40 ft., with stone basement, and three stories high, and cost, including machinery, about $6,000. It contains three run of burrs, with a capacity of grinding daily 65 bbls. of flour and 250 bushels of meal, and gives employment to three men. The annual value of manufactured pro- duct is estimated at $40,000. The machinery is driven by a 40-horse power engine. The mill is now owned by W. C. Price & Sons. School Building.—This is situated on the west side of Market street, one block south of the court-house square. A granite slab in the front gable bears the inscription, “ Lawrenceville Public School, 1874.” It is constructed of brick, two stories high, and is 60x41 feet on the ground, and cost about $5000. The building is adorned with a cupola containing a bell, and each window is supplied with Venitian shutters. It is arranged into four rooms, two above and two below, and is seated with the latest improved desks, and contains other furniture to match. Two teachers and an assistant are employed, Prof. P. J. Anderson, principal. The maximum at- tendance is about 160 pupils. The school grounds are enclosed by a good fence, and excellently shaded with forest trees. Hotels.—Union House, Lawrence Roby, Proprietor ; Watts House, Mrs. E. Watts, Proprietor. Newspapers.—Democratic Herald, F. C. Meserve, Ed- itor ; Rural Republican, 8. B. Day, Editor. Physicians —W. M. Garrard, C. M. Carter, Silas Ha!l, E Robinson. ° General Merchandise—T. W. Roberts, Robertson Brothers. Groceries, Hardware, Queensware, etc.—Ed. Tracy, F. R. Watts, Cole & Barnhouse, John H. Roberts, G. W. Carr. Druggist and Pharmacist.—Edward Schmalhausen. Grain and Lumber Merchant.—S. P. Barton. Lumber, Grain and Agricultural £mplements.—Hard- acre & Musgrove. Furniture Dealer and Undertaker.—B. H. Popes and Son. Milliner and Dressmaker—Mrs, J. Aydelotte. Dressmaker —Mrs, Jas. K. Dickirson. Meat Market—John B. Evans, Real Estate Agent aud Abstructer —A. I. Judy. Insurance Agent.—Charles Teschmacher. Blacksmiths—W. C, Gilbert, Fred Pierce. Wagon and Repair Shop.—Joseph White. Barber.—Logan Harmon. Gun and Locksmith—John Tromley. Carpenters and Builders.—L. Selby, James Stru- ble, J. B. Hiskey, John Johnson, Daniel Swinehart & Son. Stone Mason, Cutter and Layer.— Michael O’Rourk. Plasterers — George Clark, John Simms. Shoe Makers —William Walton, Isaac Hall. Tailor.—Philip Shafer. Painter and Glazier.—Osmon & Son. Postmaster—John H. Roberts. Thereare three church buildings in the town, the Chris- tian, Methodist Episcopal, and the M. E. Colored-church. SOCIETIES.* Edward Dobins Lodge, No. 164, A. F. and A. M. was organized under the name of Lawrenceville Lodge, No- vember 3rd, 1864, but subsequently changed its name to the above in honor of its first master, Edward Dobins. The first meeting was held, under dispensation, Decem- ber 11th, 1854. The charter was granted October 3rd, 1855. There were seven charter members, Edward Dob. ins, Jesse K. Dubois, George P. Sherwood, G. C. Cros- sen, Joseph Gibson, Henry I. Walters, and William M. Mills. It now has a membership of forty, is out of debt, owns its own hall and real estate to the value of $1,000. The lodge meets every second and fourth Saturday nights in each month. _ Lawrenceville Lodge, No. 2536, K. of H. This lodge was chartered August 17th, 1881, with twen- ty charter members. The present membership is forty- eight, and the whole number enrolled since organization, is fifty-two. The lodge meets in its hall every Wednes- day night. With the exception of the indebtedness in- curred in constructing their new hall, the lodge is out of debt, and is in good working order. At this writing, the town contains about five hundred inhabitants. The streets are well kept, and there isa fair sprinkling of shade trees. In the summer of 1830, the town was visited with a severe wind-storm or cyclone, which was known for many years afterward as ‘‘ Dow’s storm.” It received this cognomen from the fact that Lorenzo Dow, the cosmopolite, preached to the people of Lawrenceville on that day. There was a large con- course of people present, some of whom came the distance of forty miles to hear the famous preacher. The platform on which he stood was arranged at the old court-house door. The greater portion of his sermon was delivered while he was sitting in a chair. At times, for dramatic effect, he would get down and grope about upon the platform. He had only fairly finished his ser- mon, when the storm broke forth. Houses and trees were blown down, crops were destroyed, and fences were scattered to the four winds. It is said that a French cart was blown across the Wabash to the Indiana side of the river. A sad calamity occurred in the town in the summer of 1870, which threw the whole community in mourn- ing, while but a few moments before there were loud hur- rahs of jollification and rejoicing. It was at the time of the prospective building of the railroad which now passes through the town. A railroad meeting was being con- *For this data we are indebted to the secretaries of the societies, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 235 ducted in the village, speakers were at hand, and the crowd became very enthusiastic. As is usual on such occasions, powder had to be burned in order to give due eclat to the same. An old iron gudgeon, with a hole drilled in it, was used as a substitute for a cannon. Through some unknown cause, while loading it, it burst into hundreds of pieces, dealing death to one, and badly maiming two others. The sudden joy turned to sadness, and every heart bled for the poor sufferers and the friends of the deceased. Griswold is a small town of about fifty inhabitants, sit- uated at the O. & M. junction, one mile south of Law- renceville, on the N. E. 4 of section 12, township 3, range 12. It was laid out August 21st, 1866, by Jesse K. Dubois, and received its name in honor of William D. Griswold, then general superintendent of the Ohio and Mississippi railway. The only business is one hotel, kept by James N. Musgrave. Bridgeport lies partly in Lawrence precinct, but as the larger and business portion is in Bridgeport township, the history of it will be found in that chapter. LAWRENCE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL BOARD Was organized in 1858. The society purchased five acres of ground, located about one-half mile southwest of town, for which they gave $200. Subsequently they added about four acres more to it, miking nearly nine acres in all. A fine third-mile track was prepared, besides good com- fortable buildings were built for the convenience of ex- hibiting the wares of its patrons. For a time, the enter- prise was prosperous, proving beneficial to the public and paying to the society. A few years ago the town of Bridgeport became ambitious, and it also organized a society and opened a fair ground. The result was, that with a season or two of rainy weather and too much fair in the county, both societies became swamped for funds, which subsequently proved their overthrow. The members of the societies at Lawrenceville, in order to keep faith with their patrons, borrowed a sufficient sum of money to pay their premiums in full. To obtain this they mortgaged their ground as security for the amount of the loan. They struggled along for a time with this load upon them, but the income from the exhibitions was insufficient to cancel any part of the debt. Becoming discouraged about ever being able to discharge the debt, they concluded to sell the ground for what it would bring, and go down into their individual pockets for the remainder. This was done, and thus passed away one of the finest little fair grounds in southern Illinois. The last exhibition was held in the fall of 1878, but the so- ciety did not become defunct until the winter of 1882. The enclosure and buildings may yet be seen a little southwest of Lawrenceville. Prior to this organization, in 1855, the first fair was somewhat impromptu, and was held in the court-room. These impromptu exhibitions were kept up until the or- ganizing of the foregoing society. $0 82 SB ah CITY AND PRECINCT OF MOUNT CARMEL, WABASH COUNTY. De RHE early history of Mt. Carmel Precinct bak dates back nearly three-fourths of a century. The first settlers were mainly hardy pioneers #2 from the State of Ohio, and it is owing to their indomitable energy and perseverance that the present generation are now enjoying the fruits of a cultivated society and a land of plenty. It was they who cleared the forest, faced the wild Indian, and prepared the way for the incoming tide of immigration and civilization that now marks our border, extending to the Pacific coast. We say, blessings on their noble efforts, for they will surely reap a rich reward in the unknown beyond. Mt. Carmel precinct has the honor of containing the capital of the county, and receives its name from the fine little city of Mt. Carmel. The precinct extends along the west side of the Wabash river, and is bounded on the north by the Base Line, east by the Wabash, south by Coffee precinct, and west by Bellmont and Lick Prairie precincts. The surface is mainly level, and was origi- nally covered with heavy timbers of walnut, oak, syca- more, elm, hickory, poplar, and many other varieties , which may be found mentioned in the chapter on Flora. Two small prairies are located in the north of the pre- cinct, Bald Hill prairie and English prairie. The soil is mainly the dark alluvial loam of the Wabash bottom, and the terrace lands are what are familiarly known as second bottom land. The latter is lighter in color, and not so deep as the former, but is better adapted to the cultivation of wheat ; while the soil of the first bottom is unexcelled for the culture of maize and the grasses. The transportation facilities are excellent, the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railway extending northeast and south- 236 HISTORY OF ED WARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS, west through the precinct ; while the Louisville, Evans- ville and St. Louis road passes from east to west through its territory, forming a junction with the former road at the county seat, Mt. Carmel. Besides the railroads, it has the advantage of the river facilities, which at certain seasons of the year are of no small importance. EARLY SETTLERS. The first to make a home in Mt. Carmel precinct was Enoch Greathouse, a native of Germany, who emigrated to the United States in a very early day and first located in Pennsylvania. He subsequently removed to Ken- tucky, and in 1803 or ’4 came to Illinois, and located where the city of Mt. Carmel now stands. His family consisted of his wife, four children and one grandchild. The children were—Enoch, jr.; Rachel, nee Beatton ; Leah, nee Woods; and Isaac. The grandgon was Elias Greathouse, father of Sylvester Greathouse, who now lives in the city. Mr. G. sold his possessions to Messrs. Hinde & McDowell, and located at the now extinct town of Centerville, where he died many years ago at the ad- vanced age of 110 years. Several of his descendants are living in this and Edwards county. Mrs. Sylvester Great- house is a great-grand-daughter. One of the early settlers to locate in this precinct was William McIntosh, about 1814, He had come into possession of a large tract of land in the Illinois terri- tory, which was known in an early day as the “ McIn- tosh Reserve.’ His house, which was quite pretentious for that day, was situated near the Wabash, at the foot of the Grand Rapids, about two miles north of the present city of Mt. Carmel. He was a single man, but tradition says that his serving-woman (colored) bore him several children. But all have passed away, and none are left to bear the name or to give a history of the pro- prietor of McIntosh manor. Jarvis Deal and Seth Gard were here about as early as McIntosh. The former was among the first to locate in the now extinct town of Pal- myra, and the latter, with Gard and a few others, were the projectors of the town. Gervase Hazleton was one of the first settlers of old Palmyra, having come here as early as 1814. The first courts were held at his house. He was appointed clerk of the county in 1821 and served until 1823. A prominent settler of 1817, and one of the founders of Mt. Carmel, was the Rev. Thomas 8. Hinde, a nutive of Virginia. His father was the well-known Dr. Hinde of Virginia, who, during the French and Indian War, was 2 surgeon in the British navy, and was present when the gallant Gen. Wolf fell storming the Heights of Abra- ham. He subsequently located in Kentucky, and it was here that Thomas S. grew to manhood. When Ohio was organized as a State, Thomas was among the first pio- neers. He had the honor, for several years, to be a member of the legislature in the new-formed State. In 1817 he associated himself with the Rev. William Beau- champ and Dr. William McDowell of Chillicothe, Ohio, to form a settlement or colony on the Wabash river, II- linois. They reached the wilds of the Prairie State in 1817, and Beauchamp was detailed to survey and plat the town. Several emigrants came with them, and the nucleus for a settlement was founded. Messrs. Hinde and Beauchawp located with the other settlers in their new- found home. Subsequently the former returned to Ohio, where he remained until the decease of his wife, when he married again and returned to Mt. Carmel. He did much good for his fellow-man in his time, and died re- gretted, Feb. —, 1846. His remains repose by the side of his second wife in the city cemetery of Mt. Carmel. Mr. Beauchamp, for many years, followed his chosen profession, that of the ministry, and died suddenly in the State of Indiana, while conducting a camp-meeting. He was a noted Methodist preacher, and a writer of more than local reputation. Hiram Bell was born in Virginia, and, when a young man, migrated to Illinois in the fall of 1817. He first located in Friendsville precinct.” In 1824, he married Elizabeth Buchanan, by which union several children were born. When the county of Wabash was organized in 1824, he was elected circuit clerk, which office he filled for twenty-six years. The county seat was first established at Centerville. When it was removed to Mt. Carmel, in 1829, he moved thither, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1867. Having the confidence of the people, his life was spent mainly in their service. He filled the office of county clerk twenty- five years, besides being elected probate judge for a time. Mrs. Bell is yet living, and is a resident of Mt. Carmel. Four of the children are living, two of whom reside in the city: Judge Robert Bell is a prominent attorney, and James H. is a book-keeper for a firm in the town. Joshua and James Beall, brothers, were born in Ma- ryland, but subsequently moved to Ohio; and in 1818 came with other emigrants to the new-formed colony. They were both single men, and blacksmiths by trade. Tn 1819, Joshua married Judith Russell, and a few years later, abandoned blacksmithing, and embarked in the mercantile business, which occupation he followed until 1840, when he retired from active life. He died in Mt. Carmel in 1865. The only one of the family now living is Mrs. Wilson, widow of William Wilson, who resides in the above-named city. James married a sister of Joshuv’s first wife, and reared a family. He also re- tired from blacksmithing, and subsequently held various county offices, besides serving one term in the State Legislature. He was twice married, his second wife being Caroline Cook. He died in Mt. Carmel in 1862, his wife surviving him; she is now a resident of Indian- apolis. None of the children are living in the county. Others who were among the first emigrants from Ohio, were: Isaac Ingersoll, Edward Ulm, Joseph Jones, James Townsend, William Simonds, Aaron Gould Abraham Russell, Scoby Stewart, James Black, and several others, of whom, at this late date, it is impossible to get any record. The former, Mr. Ingersoll, came when he was a mere RESIDENCE,STOCK & GRAIN FARM OF JACOB SEILER, SEC.35,T.1,R.IS.M7 CARMEL PRECINCT, WABASH CO./LL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 237 boy. He died in Mt Carmel but a few months ago, being at his death the oldest pioneer in the precinct. A daughter of Mr. Ulm, wife of William Stone, is a resi- dent of this precinct. Mr. Stone is also one of the early settlers. John D., a son of Andrew Dyar, is a resident of the precinct, and has had the honor of being twice elected to the office of sheriff of the county. Two of the family of the pioneer, Joseph Jones, live in Mt. Carmel, Frank and Caroline,—the latter is the widow of Hiram Bedell. Two of James Townshend’s children are yet living: John, who is in Mt. Carmel, and a daughter who resides in Indiana. Aaron Gould remained here for some years, when he removed to another part of the State; several of his representatives are residents of the county. Scoby Stewart was one of the first merchants and justices of the peace in the city. He died many years ago. William Simonds came from Ohio, and located about one and a-half miles northwest of Mt. Carmel, and was one of the first to cultivate a farm in the precinct. He had a family of five children: Stephen, Elijah, William, junr., David, and Lydia (now the widow of George Le- gier). The latter resides in Mt. Carmel, and David lives at the old homestead. Mr. Simonds and wife died some vears ago. A pioneer of 1819 was Beauchamp Harvey, a native of Maryland, who in an early day went to Ohio. It was here that he enlisted in the service of the war of 1812, and was with General Hull’s troops at the memo- rable surrender of Detroit. At the close of the war he returned to Ohio, where he married Esther Saylor, in 1816. In 1819 he migrated to Illinois, and located in Mt. Carmel. At this time the family consisted of two daughters, Jane and Sally. Five other children were born to the family: James, Mary, Judith, William P. | and David, four of whom are living—James, and Judith (wife of Daniel Titus) reside in Mt. Carmel; David is in Coffee precinct; and Mary (wife of Thomas J. Ray) re- sides in Lawrence county. Mr. Harvey died at the old homestead in 1859; his wife survived him until 1873. John Tilton was another emigrant of 1819, and was from New Jersey. He first located at Bald Hill prairie, in Friendsville precinct, but soon afterward moved to Mt. Carmel. He was one of the first hotel-keepers of the town, and subsequently engaged in the mercantile business. He died here long ago. Several of his de- scendants are residents of Mt. Carmel and vicinity. Samuel and Robert Rigg (brothers) came from Ohio in the same year as Mr. Tilton. Both of them had fami- lies. F. M. Rigg, a son of Samuel, resides at the home- stead of his father, about three miles west of Mt. Carmel ; and James, another son, lives near him. Dr. Rigg, of Mt. Carmel, is a descendant of the Rigg pioneers. The county is largely sprinkled with those springing from these old families. One of the oldest living settlers in the precinct is Cap- tain James M. Sharp, a citizen of Mt. Carmel. He was born in Kentucky, and with his parents, moved to Indi- ana in 1814. He came to Mt. Carmel a single man, in 1825. He learned the trade of blacksmithing with Joshua Beall, with whom he remained until 1830. In 1836, he married Rebecca Tougas, from which union four children were born. Mrs. §. died in 1849. He sub- sequently married a sister (Julia) of his first wife. Only one of the children is living, Thomas P., who resides in Mt. Carmel. In 1832, Mr. Sharp engaged as engineer on the river, which occupation he followed until 1844. He subsequently became a river pilot on the Wabash and Ohio rivers, and continued in this service until 1856, when he retired from the business and engaged in farm- ing. He was elected to the State Legislature three terms, 1861, 1863, and 1867, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1870. He has now retired from active life, and is enjoying his old age with his wife in peace and plenty. Isaac Hoskinson also came in 1825. He was a native of Virginia. His family then consisted of his wife and four children. He established the first foundry in the town, which was one of the first in the West- He died in 1828. Two of his sons reside in Mt. Carmel, F. A., and Isaac, Jr. O. B. Ficklin, now of Charleston, Coles county, Ill., was a settler of 1830,and was once editor of the Mt. Carmel Register. He is now practicing law, and is among the oldest practitioners in the state. We glean the following from a speech made by him at an old settler’s meeting a few years ago, in the city of Olney. In speaking of the traflic of those early times, he says: “The ‘ possum’ and the coon were important factors in the stock and trade.. The meat was used for food and the furs fur commerce. Deer skins, beeswax, and wild honey were a medium of traffic for the flat boats between Mt. Carmel and New Orleans, and in re- turn they brought sugar, molasses, and other products of the South. Bees were so numerous that they were hunted by saint and sinner.’ He relates of one of the pioneer preachers, when giving out his appointment du- ring the bee-hunting season, as saying, “That he would preach at church on the next Sunday if it was not a good bee day.” This smacks of ye olden time, and conveys to the reader a glimpse of the customs of the pioneers. Isaac N. Jaquess was born in Kentucky, and when a mere boy migrated with his mother to Missouri. He came to Mt. Carmel a single man, in 1831. Three years later he married Jane Tilton. She died in 1863, and in 1867, he married Katherine McClintock. Ten children have been born to him, four of whom are yet living; I. W., James H., Laura J., wife of Dr. Rigg, and Ellen &., wife of Richard Weaver ; all of whom reside in Mt. Car- mel and vicinity. Mr Jaquess is one of the Black Hawk soldiers, and served as Chaplain in the War of the Re- bellion. He has filled the office of Justice of the Peace for many years, and has had the honor of representing the people in the State Legislature one term, 1872-3. He is now 72 years of age, and hale and hearty for one of his years. Is engaged in the lumber trade in Mt. 238 Carmel, besides he owns considerable real estate both in Illinois and Indiana. Other early settlers were Elijah Harris, Robert Lucas, Curtis Ivy, Jacob Tombs, A. L. Hobbs, P H. Bagwell and others who have probably passed out of mind of those now living. The first medical practitioner in this part of the county was Dr. Reuben Baker, who located in Mt. Carmel sev- eral years before the county was formed. Other early physicians were, Drs. Allison, Fithian, Trall, Anderson, Harvey and Rigg. Dr. Fithian left Mt. Carmel in the spring of 1833. Dr. James Harvey has retired from practice. Drs. T. J. Rigg and Paul Sears are yet prac- ticing in the city. First Land Entries.— Believing that the early land en- tries will be of interest to the reader, we here record the first made in the precinct. The following are in Tp. 1 8., R. 12 W.: October 24th, 1814, John Marshall en- tered the N. W. ¢ of fractional sec. 28. Nov. Ist, 1814, Enoch Greathouse entered all of fractional sec. No. 20 that lies within the limits of the state. April 25th, 1817, Thos. 8. Hinde entered 480 acres of the east part of sec. 29. The following entries are in Tp. 18., R. 13 W.: June 12th, 1816, James Majors entered the S. W. + of sec. 1. April 12th, 1817, Enoch Greathouse entered the N. W. + of same section. Jan. 7th, 1817, Henry At- ter entered the 8. E. t of sec. 3. June 16th, 1817, A. Vanderveer & Smook entered the N. E. 3 of sec. 11. Mandove Beauchamp entered, Aug. 5th, 1817, all of sec, 14, except 58 acres in the northeast. James English, Apr. 25th, 1817, entered.all of sec. 24. The same date, John Collins entered the N. 2 of sec. 25. Same date, Joshua Beall entered the E. 3} of the S. E. 4 of sec. 25, Same date, Cornelius McCallen entered the 8. W. + of sec. 26. Jan. 22nd, 1818, David Beauchamp entered the 8. E. 4 of sec. 26 March 18th, 1818, John Russell entered the W. 3 of the 8. W. 4 of sec. 12. June 15th, 1818, Henry Christy entered the W. 4 of the N. E. + of sec. 12 Jun? 10th, 1818, Wm. Beauchamp entered the E. 4 of the 8. W. 4 of sec. 23. Sept. 17th, 1818, J. & J. Dunlop entered the 8S. W. 4 of sec. 15. June 26th, 1818, Scoby Stewart entered the N. E, 4 of sec. 1. The following entries are in Tp. 25, R. 13 W.: Dee. 13th, 1815, A. Lavulette entered theS. I. + of sec. 3. Jan. 3rd, 1817, John Nestler entered the S. W. + of sec. March 20th, 1817, Thos. S. Hinde entered the S. } of sec. 2. EARLY NAVIGATION OF THE WABASH. The first navigation of the Wabash river was by means of rudely constructed flat and keel boats, which were propelled by poles or sweeps. So unwieldy were they, that after propelling them to the markets below, they were left, and the navigators usually walked back to their homes. Ye of the Iron Age, where steam power has virtually wiped out distance, imagine, if you can, a tramp on foot from New Orleans to Mt Carmel, and with the small amount of money obtained by traffic safely stowed in a side pocket. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. The first steamboat that came up the Wabash as far as Mt. Carmel was the Commerce, commanded by Jacob Strades, in 1819. It came from Cincinnati, and passed up the river as far as Terre Haute. It was not until about 1832, that steam-boating on the Wabash commenced with much regularity, Prior to this, one boat within the year was about the extent of steam nav- igation. From 1832 to 1856, the business was quite active, but soon afterward the railroads came into vogue, and the steamboat traffic became almost a dead letter, so that to-day there is scarcely a boat on the river. Now and then a tug-boat makes its appearance, but this is only at long intervals. OLD PALMYRA. This extinct town was the first county seat of Edwards county when said county embraced about one-third of the present state of Illinois, and quite a portion of the- states of Michigan and Wisconsin, its northern bound- ary extending north to Upper Canada. The town was laid off by Seth Gard & Company, April 22nd, 1815, and is described as follows: Lying on the Wabash river on part of the two fractional lots or sections, numbers 4 and 5, in township one south of Base Line, and range twelve west of the second principal meridian. In its palmiest days it was a town of considerable pretensions, contain- ing several stores, hotels, banks, etc., beside the county buildings. The buildings were constructed mainly of hewed logs, many of them being double in proportions It seems that it was a great oversight by the County Commissioners in selecting this point for the capital of the county, as it is at a sluggish bend in the river, on asand ridge, and was nearly surrounded, with low marshes and sloughs. The Indians warned the people by saying, ‘Indian die here, squaw die here, pappoose die here, and white man die here.” It proved too true, for the town became noted as one of the most sickly localities in the West. The inhabitants died by the hundreds and were buried in the sand ridge below the town. Nothing but a cornfield now marks the spot of either the town or cemetery ; not even a head-stone exists to inform the passer-by that hundreds of Palmyra’s dead lie here. It would be needless to add that in a few years a vote was submitted to the people to re-locate the county seat. Albion and Mt. Carmel were rival towns for said honor, the former town being the choice of the people: This was in 1821, only a few years after the close of the war of 1812. Albion being an English settled town, the people east of Bompas creek felt very much aggrieved over the county business passing into the hands of the British, as they somewhat jealously termed the citizens of Albion and vicinity. Four companies of militia-men were enrolled and drilled in and about Mt. Carmel, and made ready, at a moment’s notice, to march upon Albion and secure the records. The crisis arrived, and the companies of militia met at Bald Hill Prairie, where they encamped for the night, preparatory to marching on to Albion early the next morning. Before reaching HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 239 the town they were met by a committee, sent from Al- bion to make terms of peace. A compromise was effected and the militia disbanded. Three years later, Wabash became a county, and had the privilege of managing its own domestic affairs. CITY OF MT. CARMEL. This fine little city is situated on a prominent bluff overlooking the Wabash, nearly a half mile distant to the southward. Intervening is a large common belong- ing to the city, and by its side the river silently wends its way to mingle its waters with the Ohio. It is the capital of Wabash county, and geographically, is located in the central eastern part of the precinct, township one, range twelve west of the second principal meridian, and now comprises about three square miles. The founders, Rev. Thos. 8. Hinde and William McDowell, in 1817, conceived the idea of establishing and populating a town on the Wabash—then the Western frontier—that should have a civil and mora] code peculiar to their views of right and justice. Some time in 1818 the site was se- lected, surveyed and platted. The town was laid out on a large scale—and, to induce immigration, lots were do- nated to those who would improve the same within a given time. Articles of association were drafted for the government of the town and placed of record, Sept. 21, 1818. These articles made liberal provision for the building of a seminary, and instituting a bank, all of which should be under the joint control of the law- abiding citizens of the town. Article 18 of the associa- tion has, in later years, been denominated “ blue laws,” on account of their Puritanic significance. We will here give a synopsis of the aforesaid Articles: ‘“‘ No theatre or playhouse shall ever be built within the bounds of the city. No person shall be guilty of drun- kenness, profane swearing or cursing, Sabbath-breaking, or who shall keep a disorderly house, shall gamble, or suffer gambling in his house, or raise a riot in the city, or be guilty of any other crime of greater magnitude, etc., he shall be subject to trial by the court or mayor.” On conviction; the culprit was disqualified from holding any office in the city, or the bank, and was also disquali- fied to vote for any bank or city officers. This ostracism was to continue for three years after the commission of the so-called crime. One of the first houses in the town was constructed by Francis Dixon in 1818, and was situated in what is now an alley between Third and Fourth streets. It was a double log-cabin, and Mr. Dixon resided in one part of it, and sold goods in the other. This was the first store in the town. The first frame house was built by Scoby Stewart, and located on Fifth street between Main and Chestnut streets. The two next were the old Townshend property and the Judge Shannon place. The former is yet standing, and is now the residence of Mrs. Stillwell, on Second street; the latter is on Main street. A foun- dry was established in 1823 by Joseph L. Wilson, and lo- cated on the lot now occupied by G. C. Turner. The first tavern was built about 1819, and situated on Mulberry street. It was long kvown as “ The Old Red Tavern,” and was kept in an early day by Reuben Baker. It is yet standing, and is now utilized for a dwelling. Russell & Stewart constructed the first flouring mill. This was in about 1822. It was built on the old tread- wheel power of action, and situated on the premises now owned by A. C. Edgar, on Second street. Opposite this mill, John Buntin established the first tan-yard. He was a colored man, and subsequently removed to Libe- ria, Africa. The first ferry was conducted by R. Bal- lentine in 1817 or 718. The crossing was made at the same point on the river as the present ferry. The means of crossing was a flat-boat, operated by poles or sweeps. The first steam flouring-mill was built in 1833 by J. L, Wilson, and. located on the lot now occupied by Mrs. Parkinson. The first justices of the peace were Scoby Stewart, Beauchamp Harvey and Joseph Jones. The first school-house was built about 1823, and was situated cn the lot now occupied by Charles Russell. It was a log building of no great pretensions. The first person to teach in it was a man by the name of Curry. He was succeeded by Mr. Schofield, and later Mrs. Joy became the teacher. The early town market was conducted under a locust tree where the school-house now stands. This was in 1836, and at that time there were not more than a dozen houses in that part of the town east of Mulberry street, and they were nearly all log buildings, The business then was wholly confined to Main street, between First and Second streets. The first brick church built in the state of Illinois was constructed in Mt. Carmel by the Methodist Epis- copal Society in 1824. It was situated on the corner of Fourth and Mulberry streets. At the time of its build- ing church bells had not been introduced in this part of the West, and the congregation was notified of the time for church services by hideous resounding blasts from a cow’s horn sent forth from the church dogr. For many years the walls of this sacred building only echoed to the divine Word, and the songs of praise and thanksgiv- ing; but a change came, the house was sold, and the sacrilegious John Baumgartfer transformed its conse- crated walls intoa brewery. Subsequently it was used for a dwelling, and was finally destroyed by the cyclone of 1877. The first to conduct church services in the town and for quite a distance around, was the Rey. Charles Slo- cumb. His circuit embraced all that part of Illinois and Indiana lying on the Wabash river, between its mouth and Terre Haute, extending some distance into the interior of either state. Among other early divines were, I. Stewart, Robert Delop, Samuel Hull, William McReynolds, and others. Incorporation.—Mt. Carmel was incorporated as a village under an act passed by the state legislature, and approved January 10, 1825. The first trustees were, Nathan Fry, Scoby Stewart, Joshua Beall, Abraham Russell, James Townshend, William Si- 240 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. monds, and Edward Ulm. Mt. Carmel was incor- porated as a city under a special act.of the legislature, approved February 15th, 1865, and the first election for officers was held May 1, following. The officers elect were, Mayor, James M. Sharp; Alderman, 1st ward, 4. Schmalhausen and George Bedell; 2d ward, P. Rosignol, and J. S. Johnston; 3d ward, Richard H. Hudson and James Higbee. Clerk, Chas. E. McClin- tock. The appointed officers were, Marshal, Michael Willman; Street Commissioner, Richard Adams; Sur- veyor, William Koser; Treasurer and Assessor, William McDowell; Police Magistrate, David Martin. The following are the present city officers: Mayor, John Sites ; Aldermen, 1st ward, Louis Rees and Louis Kamp ; 2d ward, Sebastian Seiler and John Olendorf; 3d ward, Henry J. Henning and Anthony Spaeth. Clerk, S. R. Putnam ; Treasurer, M. F. Reinsmith; Marshall, Henry Utter; City Attorney, S. Greathouse; Police Magis- trate, I. H. Brees; City Printer, F. W. Havill; City Jailor, John Peterson. The city of Mt. Carmel has had more than its share of reverses coupled with its history of rise and progress. Indeed, a less plucky and energetic people might have abandoned it to the fates long ago. Twice has the city been scourged with flames, in each instance aggregating in losses hundreds of thousands of dollars. The great floods of 1875 and 1876 created immense losses to both city and country ; but the most serious calamity that has befallen it was the great cyclone of June 4, 1877, which not only demolished a large portion of the city, but fourteen persons lost their lives, seventy-five were wounded, and five hundred people rende:ed houseless and homeless. At least one hundred houses were de- molished, and it required weeks to clear the streets from the debris. The storm came from a little south of west, its line of destruction embracing all of Fourth street and a large portion of the terrritory lying between Third and Fifth streets. The duration of the storm did not exceed two minutes, the velocity of the tornado being estimated at 150 miles an hour. The atmosphere was filled with flying timber, boards, shingles and other objects, which were carried to the distance of a mile or more. One paper, a note of hand for $47, was picked up in a field near Petersburg, Indiana, about thirty miles from Mt. Carmel. In much less time than it takes to write it, the city was a ruin. The groans of the wounded, and the shrieks of the women and children mingled with the roaring of the storm. Pen cannot depict or describe the wild con- fusion of that fearful calamity. A fire broke out in the meantime, which added further horrors to the already unprecedented disaster. Relief committees were ap- pointed, and the people of the state responded liberally to the wants of the sufferers. The city has been rebuilt, so that at this writing the stranger would not recognize by the surroundings that such a demon of destruction had ever visited it. LEADING BUSINESS INTERESTS, ETC., OF 1882. Kamp’s Steam Flouring Mills, Louis Kamp, Proprie- tor. This industry was established by the firm of Mauk Bros. about 1856, and came into the possession of the present proprietor in the summer of 1879. The mills are situated on the east side near the foot of Mar- ket street. The building is a frame, four stories and basement, and 48 x 52 feet on the ground. The engine and boiler room is a one story brick and 36 x 48 feet in size. It contains four runs of stone and a double set of rolls, with a capacity of manufacturing 120 barrels of flour daily. It does both merchant and custom work, and ships its product to New Orleans, Baltimore, Phila- delphia and other leading cities of the South and East. Its favorite brands are “Snow Flake”’ and “ Pride of the West.” Six men are given employment, and the estimated annual value of product is $50,000. The machinery is driven by a sixty horse-power engine. Planing Mill—tThis Mill is owned and operated by Edward Miller. It was constructed by him in the spring of 1875, and is located on the south side of Third Street, between Walnut and Chestnut streets. The building is a frame, two stories, and 42 x 70 feet in size. The capital invested is estimated to be about $5,000. Itis engaged in the manufacture of doors, sash, blinds, and every other article peculiar for building purposes, and keeps in employment eight hands. The annual value of manufactured product is about $4,000. The machinery is run by a thirty horse-power engine. The Wabash Valley Mills were established in the sum- mer of 1860, by the firm of Gould & Young, and in 1868, the firm changed to Randolph & Young. In 1881, Mr. Young bought the entire interest and is the present owner. The mill is situated on the southwest corner of Ninth and Cherry streets. It is a frame, two stories, with attic, and 40 x 60 feet in dimensions. Estimated capital invested, $5,000. It contains two runs of stone, and a capacity of manufacturing sixty barrels of flour per day,and requires the employment of three men. It is purely a custom mill and furnishes the trade with most of the flour for the city. The value of the yearly product is estimated at $25,000. Thespecial brand isthe “Wabash Valley Flour.’’ Engine power, forty-horse. Steam Saw Mill owned by Jaquess & Chipman. This mill is located on the Wabash river, south of the city, on the common adjvining the town plat. The present mill was built in 1882, at a cost of about $4,000. Ithas a capacity of turning out 15,000 feet of lumber daily, and gives employment to fifteen men The saw is cir- cular, sixty inch diameter, with top saw, besides the mill contains an edging and lath saw. Estimated value of yearly product, $25,000. The machinery is run by a forty horse power engine. Foundry and Repair Works.—This industry was es- tablished by John Hartman, and is located on Fourth street, between Market and Mulberry streets. In the spring of 1859, the works were purchased by Philip Reel, who is the present proprietor. The building is a ‘ ‘ - TTITAWAVIEW IH OLIINSd Odd “AWYH SINOT' TTIW SAWYH ‘ N¥09 8 1V3HMY0d HSVD HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 241 frame, one story, and 30 x 113 feet in size. It was nearly demolished by the cyclone, in 1877, but has been rebuilt. The capital invested is about $5,000. Work in brass and iron castings, and all repairs of machinery is made a specialty. Three operators are employed in the works. Furniture Factory, A. M. Stein, Proprietor. This factory was established in 1880, and is situated on Fourth street between Mulberry and Cherry streets. The me- dium class of furniture is manufactured, employing three workmen. The estimated annual value of product is $2000. Mr. Stein contemplates, in a few months, constructing a large factory to be run by steam power, and will require the employment of fifteen or twenty hands. Steam Saw Mill owned and operated by W. H. Brown. It is situated on the river bank south of the city, on what is known as the “Six-pole Reserve. It was built in 1867. The saw is a sixty-inch circular saw, also top-saw, with a capacity of cutting 5,000 feet of lumber daily. When in full running order about fifteen men are employed. It is driven by a twenty-five horse pow- er engine. Stave Factory of R. W. Weaver. This factory was built by the present owner in 1872, and situated on the river a little west of the railroad bridge. It has the capacity of turning out 15,000 per day, and employs ten men. The product is shipped to various points of the country. The capital invested is about $2,500, and the value of yearly product is $15,000. Furniture Factory—tThis business is conducted by Walter & Son. Was establiahed in 1869, and is Incated on the west side of Main street, corner of Sixth and Main. The building is a frame, two stories, containing two rooms, work and sales-rooms. Three men are employed, and about $5000 worth of work is turned out annually. Mt. Carmel Marble Works.—This business was estab- lished by the present proprietor, Henry Burrucker, in February, 1867. It is situated on the north side of Third street, between Market and Chestnut streets. The building is a one-story frame, and 16x42 feet on the ground. The capita] invested is about $800, and the annual sales will reach $3000. From four to six men are employed. Mr. B. puts up all bis own work, and is a practical workman in all branches of the business. Carriage Factory—F. J. Kuhn, proprietor. The business was commenced in 1871, and located on the east side of Market street, between Fifth and Sixth streets. The factory includes two buildings, repository and paint shop. Manufactures all kinds of carriages and spring wagons. Three men are given employment, and about $4,000 worth of stock is turned out annually, Capital invested, $2,500 Furniture Factory of Grave and Walter.—This estab- lishment is situated on the west side of Market street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The firm commenced business in 1871. Three men are employed, and the value of product7sold is_estimated at $2000. 31 Steam Saw Mill—This mill is owned by the firm of Morgan & Armstrong, and is located on the river bank a little above the railroad bridge. It has the capacity of sawing about 5000 feet of lumber daily, and employs from ten to twelve men. Bannister and Table-leg Factory—tThis industry was recently established —1882—with a capital invested of $1200. Five men are employed, and it has the capacity of turning out 1000 feet of material daily. It is situ- ated on the river just east of the Air Line railroad bridge,—F. A. Hoskinson proprietor. A little east of this factory and also near the river, is another factory of the same kind, and about the same capacity. It is owned by Mr. Baker. Furniture Factory, owned and operated by Noller & Co., and situated on Market street, between Fifth and Sixth streets. This is one of the oldest establishments of the kind in the city, having been established in 1853 by Mr. Noller, and at one time having in his employ as many as twenty hands. Only two men are now engaged in the work. The firm is also engaged in the manufac- ture of cider and vinegar. Bank owned by E. F. Beall.—It was established in 1871 under the firm name of Shannon & Beall, but since 1880, it has been wholly under the control of Mr. Beall. It is located on the east side of Market street, street, between third and Fourth streets. The capital of the bank is fully adequate to do a safe banking business. It is furnished with Hall’s fire and burglar proof safe, with time lock, and located in a fine, two-story brick building, owned by Mr. Beall. Mt. Carmel Coal Company.—This company was estab- lished in the fall of 1882. The mine is situated on the Air Line railway about five miles west from Mt. Car- mel. The depth of the shaft is forty feet, and the thick- ness of the coal vein is four feet. The quality of coal is considered good, being known as the “Splint” coal. About 12 men are given employment by this industry, and a car load of coal is raised daily. John Felker operates the mine. Brick Works of George B. Blood are situated just north of the city limits. It contains one kiln of large dimensions. In the season for work about ten hands are employed. School Buildings—The city contains three district school buildings, the larger of which is situated in the southeast part of town, on a high rolling plat of ground. This building contains four rooms, is constructed of brick, and is two stories high, and was built at a cost of $10,000. The other school-houses have two rooms each, and in all, eight teachers are employed, with an atten- dance of about 400 pupils. The schools are well graded, it requiring three years to take the high school course. Besides the public schools, the city affords two parochial schools. Cornet Band.—This was organized in the summer of 1876, with ten members, having eight wind instruments and two drums. The present membership is eighteen, 242 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLIN OIs. having feurteen horns and two drums, besides a drum major. The cost of outfit is about $450. The Ferry.—For the convenience of those desiring to cross the river, a ferry is established just above the Air Line railroad bridge. It is conducted by means of horse power ; Thomas Deputy, ferryman. Physicians.—James Harvey, Jacob Schneck, Paul Sears, Thomas J. Rigg, E. 8. Biddle, William B. Ridg- way. BUSINESS HOUSES, TRADE, ETC. General Merchandise.—Charles R. Russell, Wilkinson & Stein, Philip Stein, Seitz Bros., Stanfield Bros., Par- kinson Bros. Groceries, Queensware, ete—William Nelgin, William C. Greer, S. Greathouse, Thomas Watkins, Burns Brox. John Oberhillman, William Scitz, Jr., Solomon Keneipp, Adam Stein, John Hartman. Hardware.—Harper & Rigg. Druggists and Pharmacists.—Robert S. Gordon, W. C. Hadley, William C. Ridgway. Harness and Saddlery—J. B. Bertlesman, M. F. Reinsmith. Boks and Stationery.—R. K. Stees, W. C. Hadley. Bakers and Confectioners—Joseph Heberhold, Gus Meyer. ~ Restaurant and Confectionery.—Teatro & Fearhil: y. Jeweler. —J.C. Wood. Notions, Watches, Clocks, etc.--Samonial Bros. Merchant Tailors —Charles Redman, Anthony Spaeth, Milliners and Dressmakers.—Barret & Dick, Mrs. J. Ridgway, Mrs. Frost. Dressmakers:—Mrs. Reinsmith, Miss E. Manley, Miss A. Handle, Mrs. M. Randolph, Mrs. Rohan, Mrs Wier. Millinery Stores—Mrs. Baker, Mrs. A. Hunt. Shoemakers.—Charles Henning, Geo. H. Reinhard, Martin Fisher, George Unbehauen. Lumber Merchants —Jaquess & Chipman, William H, Brown, F. A. Hoskinson, Morgan & Armstrong. Livery and Feed Stables—John Bedel, George T. Landers, Watkins & Arbuthnot. Dentist.—J. H. Harrison. Grain Dealers —Smith & Foster. Meat Markets —Thos. J. Deputy, Sutton & Cardiff. Tinware and Stoves.— Louis Rees. * Gunsmith-—Gotleib Krug. Florist—Jacob Knell. Undertakers—E Miller, Walter & Son, Graves « Walter. Photographer.—k. G. North. Barbers and Hairdressers. —William Lynn, Root & Rigsby, W. P. Orth. Blacksmiths —Samuel Shaw, S. B. Shaw, James J. Shaw, Charles Snyder, John Smith, William Schafer, Louis Schafer. Blacksmith and Wagonmaker.—M. Heitzman. Wagonmakers.—C. F. Putnam, Louis Zellar, - Steckler. Implement Dealers—James I. Shaw, William Schafer, Samuel B. Shaw, Louis Schafer, Harper & Rigg, Wilkin- son & Stein, W. H. Besley. Sewing Machine Agent.—M. S. Metzger. Carpenters and Builders—Higby, Martin & Cline Michael Maser, Murray Bros., Peter P. Worth. Masons, Bricklayers and Plasterers.—William E. Har ris & Sons, Julius McClintock, Frank Strickand, George Boess, I. C, Tilton, Peter Helfman. Painters and Glaziers.—Reinhard Bros. Retail Liquor Dealers, etc.—Valentine Smith, S. P. Teatro, George T. Bedel, Peter Oldendorf. Cooper—Jacob Stein & Son. Justices of the Peace.—I. H. Brees, G. C. Turner, N. C. Burns, I. N. Jaquess. Constables.—M. 8. Metzger, William Peters, William Bredwell. Hotels.—Grand Central, J. B. Wiley, Propr.; Commer- cial House, Bayles Grigsby, Propr. ; Stillwell House, E. Titus, Propr.; St. Charles House, Adam Steckler Propr.; Mansion House, Mrs. Roberts, Propr.; City Hotel, N. C. Burns, Propr. Postmaster—Robert T. Wilkinson. Newspapers.—Mt. Carmel Register, Frank W. Havill, Ed.; Mt. Carmel Republican, Thomas L. Joy, Ed. Churches —Methodist Episcopal, Lutheran, Episcopal, Albright, Christian, and Catholic, all of which are con- structed of brick. For a complete history of the news- papers and churches. see special chapters on the Press, and Ecclesiastical History. SOCIETIES.* Mt. Carmel Lodge, No. 239, A. F, and A. M., was chartered October 7th, 1857, with seven charter mem- bers. The present membership is 41. Total number initiated is 150. The Lodge meets on the first and third Tuesday nights of each month. It is in excellent stand- ing financially, having $1,000 in the treasury. Mt. Carmel Chapter, No. 159, R. A. M., was institu- ted February 7th, 1873, with 9 charter members. The present membership is 81. Total number enrolled, 48. The Chapter meets on the first and third Friday nights in each month. One of the charter members, S. Shan- non, is the present Most Excellent G. H. P. of the Grand Chapter of the State of Illinois. Wabash Lodge, No. 35, I. O. O. F., chartered July 28th, 1848, as will be seen by its number, was among the first Lodges established in the State. The number of charter members, 5; present membership, 92. Total number enrolled, 296. The Lodge meets every Saturday night, and is said to be the best working Lodge in the State. It is entirely out of debt, and has a surplus fund of $2,000 in the treasury. Since its organization it has paid out $7,500 for charity. Sinon Encampment, No. 11, I. O. O. F. received its charter October, 10th, 1855, having 7 charter members. Its present membership is 32, and the total number en- rolled is 110. The Encampment meets on the first and third Monday of each month. *For this data we are indebted to the Secretaries of the various Socie- ties. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 243 Mt. Carmel Rebekah Degree, No. 80, I. O O. F. was chartered January 11th, 1876, with 15 members. Total number of members, 32. It meets on the second and fourth Mondays in each month at 7 o’clock, rp. M. Mt. Carmel Lodge, No. 178, A. O. U. W. was insti- tuted March 28th, 1881, with 23 charter members, with a membership at this writing of 28. Total number en- rolled, 32. The Lodge meets on the second and fourth nights of each month. T. S. Bower's Post, No. 125, G. A. R. April 6th, 1882, with 29 charter members. membership is 53. Mt. Carmel Lodge, No. 159, I. O. G. T. was chartered December 15th, 1880, with a charter membership of 54. Present number of members in good standing, 52. Whole number enrolled, 104. The Lodge meets every Tuesday evening in Good Templars’ Hall, on west corner of Third and Main streets. The financial condition of the Lodge is good and the membership is rapidly increasing. The city contains a population of about 2,200. The walks and streets are kept in good condition, and orna- mental and forest trees adorn various portions of the Instituted Its present town. The new court-house is centrally situated, on the east side of Market street, and is an ornament to the city. Two other towns, Powhatan and Selma, were laid off a little north and east of Mt. Carmal, but they only exist on paper, no buildings or improvements having been made thereon. Centerville, the first country seat of Wabash, after its ' separation from Edwards, in 1824, was laid out south of the base line, in Mt. Carmel precinct. The court house, now doing duty as a barn, was a frame two-story build- ing. It was in use as the place of holding the courts of the county till they were removed to Mt. Carmel. Dr. Baker built a store in the town, about the time it was laid out, 1824, and did a considerable amount of business. He supplied, at this point, a market for castor beans, which he made into oil. A carding machine was set up by Asel Brines, soon after the town was laid off. It continued in operation a number of years. The site of the town is nowa body of farming land, and nothing remains to mark what was once a center of business activity. BIOGRAPHIES. CLIO Tur Sears family, on the paternal side, are of English ancestry. Richard Sears, who was the first of the family to come to America, was born in Colchester, England, and came with the Pilgrims in the Mayflower, landing on Plymouth Rock in 1620. He died in Yarmouth in 1676. He married Doratha Thacker, who died in 1678. His son, Paul, the great great-grandfather of the pre- sent family was born in 1636. He married Deborah Williams and died in 1707. His son, also named Paul, died in 1740. He had a son named Daniel, who was the grandfather of Paul Sears, the subject of this sketch. He died in 1797. One of his offspring was Nathan Sears, the father, who was born in Massachusets and graduated in medicine in Boston. He studied medicine in the office of Dr. Bryant, the father of the poet, William Cullen Bryant, who was then studying law. The Sears family are well known in the annals of the Old Bay State. Many of them became famous and prominent in their day. Nathan Sears, after his graduation in medi- 244 LAALS cine, came west to Ohio and settled in Zanesville, and there-practiced his profession. In 1834 he removed to Wayne county, Michigan, and remained there until the fall of 1839, when he came to Mt. Carmel, in Wabash county, Illinois, and continued a resident of this place until his death, which occurred February 1st, 1848. Married Mrs. Grace Newkirk, nee Loper, who was of a distinguished and noted family of New Jersey. She survived her husband and died in Mt. Carmel, Nov, 24, 1863. She had three children by her latter marriage. Clarissa, the only daughter, is the wife of E. B. Bishop, now of San Francisco, California. Nathan Henry Sears, the youngestson, died Nov. 20, 1862. Paul, the eldest son whose portrait heads this page, was born near Zanesville, Muskingum county, Ohio, June 5dth, 1820. He received a good English education in the Granville and Elyria high school and college. He went with his father to Michigan in 1834, and remained there until the spring of 1840, when he came to Mt. Carmel and HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 245 joined his father, who had preceded him here the year before. He determined to follow in the footsteps of his father and adopt medicine as a profession. He accord- ingly commenced the study under the direction of his father and assisted the latter in his office. He con- tinued his studies at home until 1843, when he entered the Qhio Medical College at Cincinnati, and attended lectures. He received his diploma in 1845, and then commenced the practice in Mt. Carmel. His practice soon grew large and lucrative, and his professional services extended over a wide scope of territory. Not infrequently he would ride sixty miles in twenty-four hours, making calls upon and attending his patients. In short, Dr. Sears was personally known in almost every household in Wabash and surrounding counties. In connection with his practice he opened a drug store, and for many years was engaged in that business. He alsu engaged in other enterprises at different times, but all were such as did not interfere seriously with his profes- sion. Few physicians in the state have been so long in the practice as Dr. Sears. In the long years passed by he has achieved much success, both professionally ani financially. His busy life has brought its just reward: in securing to him a competency and independence in his declining years. On the 5th of May, 1841, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza J. Gibson, of Cincinnati, Ohio. She is the daughter of Alexander and Martha (Sturges) Gibson. By the union of Paul and Eliza J. Sears, there have been three children—two sons and one daughter. Alfred Alexander, the eldest son, studied medicine, and was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, He died Dec. 18, 1867. Charles Nathan, the youngest son, also read medicine, and had taken one course at the same medical college. He died Aug. 18, 1864. Both were bright young men, and gave evidence of future use- fulness and adornment to the profession. Clara A, the only daughter, is the wife of Hon. 8. Z. Landis. Both the doctor and his wife are members of the M. E, Church. Politically he has uniformly acted and voted with the Democratic party. Among the people with whom Dr. Sears has passed the greater part of his life, and who know him best, all accord him the reputation of being an honorable, publie-spirited citizen, and honest man, and a kind-hearted, obliging neighbor. JOHN SCHRODT. Ons of the most successful farmers of Wabash county is the subject of this sketch. He was born in Rhine Hesse, Germany, May 4th, 1830. John Schrodt, his father, was also a native of that country. In 1838 he emigrated to America, landing at New Orleans. He came up the river to Illinois, where he was met by Mr. Seiler, who brought him and his family to Wabash county. Here he bought ninety acres of land in section 36, T.18,13 W. It was not improved. They lived in a school-house until such time as they could build their house, which they moved into the July following. Here Mr. Schrodt lived, made a fine farm, and remained until he retired from active life. He died January 2d, 1866. His wife survived him, and died in 1878. There were six children, four of whom were born in Germany, and two here in Wabash county. All of them are living except Catherine, who was the wife of Michael Broedel. She died April 21st, 1883. John, the subject of this sketch, is the eldest son. He was in his boyhood when his parents came to Illinois. Here he grew to man- hood, and was reared to habits of industry and economy. He received a fair knowledge of the rudimentary branches of education in the subscription schools of an early day. He remained at home, assisting his father, until he was twenty-one years of age. He then made a start for himself. His father gave him eighty acres of land, twenty-four of which were cleared ; it is the same tract upon which his residence now stands. He first, however, started upon thirty acres of land which he had rented. Soon after he married and built a house which still stands near his present residence. Upon that place he has lived, working hard, living economically, and man- aging his business well—so that the original eighty acres have grown to fifteen hundred. Eight hundred acres are cleared up and under cultivation. It will be seen that Mr. Schrodt possesses more than ordinary good business judgment, united with industry and energy. To accumulate that body of land unaided, the fruits of his own toil, is conclusive evidence that his life has been a busy as well as a successful one. On the 8th of July, 1851, he was united in marriage to Miss Ann Maria Broedel, who was born in Bavaria, Germany. She came to America with her parents in 1849. She died Feb, 19th, 1882. There were twelve children by that marriage, six of whom are living. Their namesare: Mary E., George W., Philip, BenjaminF., Laura E. and Michael D. All those that are deceased, died in infancy, except Catherine, who was the wife of H. F. Goeke, who was killed in the cyclone that visited, Mt. Carmel, June 5th, 1877. She left no children. Mr. Schrodt, after the death of his wife, married Catherine Sterl. Both are members of the Lutheran Church. Po- litically, Mr. Schrodt was originally a democrat, and voted for Franklin Pierce in 1852. He was opposed to slavery, which naturally carried him into the republican party, and he has acted with that organization till the present. In 1867, Mr. Schrodt visited the land of his birth, where he went to seek rest and recruit his health. He remained abroad one year, and returned well pleased with his trip, and much improved in health. It should be mentioned that his father was a lock- smith, and afterwards carried on blacksmithing. He did not not do much work on the farm; therefore, the lead, to some extent, depended on John, the eldest son. 246 ABRAHAM UTTER. ABRAHAM UTTER (Deckasep). Tue Utter family is of German ancestry. Henry Utter, the grandfather of the present family, was born in Allegheny county, New York. He there married his first wife. She died, leaving four children. He subsequently married Rachael Hendricks, whose father was a revolutionary soldier. Henry Utter was a soldier of the war of 1812, and rose to the position of major, and was ever after known as “ Major Utter.” In 1817 he came west to the territory of Illinois and settled in the old town of Palmyra, the first county seat of Wa- bash, then a part of Edwards county. The next spring he went out to Bald Eagle prairie, and there bought land, improved it, and remained there until his death. He was a millwright by trade. Abraham Utter was the second son of Henry and Rachael (Hendricks) Utter. He was born in Allegheny county, New York, March 11, 1812, and was in his fifth year when the family came west. His eldest brother, John, was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. Abraham remained at home until he was twenty-one years of age, when he went to Schuyler county, Illinois, where his brother was living, and there peddled fanning mills. Four or five years later he returned to his home in Wabash county, HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. ELIZABETH UTTER. and in 1836 purchased the interest of the other heirs in the homestead, and soon after purchased a place near Centreville, improved it and remained there fifteen years, then bought the place where his widow now lives, near Mt. Carmel, and there remained until his death, which occurred Sept. 15, 1872. In his life Mr. Utter was of an industrious and ener- getic nature. He was possessed of much good business judgment and foresight, and succeeded in accumulating a large amount of property. He was of a quiet dispo- sition, of reserved manners, speaking little but quick to decide for or against any business proposition. He loved his home and was domestic in his habits and tastes, and kind and indulgent to his family. He wasa member of the Christian church from 1862 until his death. On the 28th of March, 1839, he married Miss Elizabeth Penston. She was born in Atlantic county, New Jersey, May 22, 1820. Her parents, John and Sarah (Lake) Penston, were natives of the same state. They came to Wabash county, Illinois, in 1823, and settled in Mt. Carmel, but soon after moved to Bald Eagle prairie. Mrs. Utter still survives her husband. There are nine children, the offspring of the union of Abraham and Elizabeth Utter, whose names in the ‘T7] ‘TAWA LW 4O HLYON FIN VIO % AILLIN NWVHVYGEY 2LV7 FHL4IO FONIAISIY WH aed Sgn oe HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 247 order of their birth are: Mary, who is the wife of R. S. Gordon, born May 18th, 1840. They have three child- ren living, named Amy Ellen, Robert Abraham and Walter Spafford. Josiah, the eldest son, died in his second year. Henry, born June 7th, 1845. He was a soldier during the late war, and was a member of Co. I, 5th regiment Ils. cavalry. He married Miss Harriet Lanterman, and they have three children, whose names are Effie, Edward Everett and Minnie C. Edwin, born Nov. 21st, 1850, and died in 1856. Lewis, died in early childhood. Robert Carrol, died in infancy. John Charles, born Dec. 14th, 1859. He was educated and graduated from Eureka College in Woodford county, Illinois, studied medicine and graduated from the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, and is a resi- dent and practising physician in South Pueblo, Colora- do. Elizabeth, the youngest of the family, was born Sept. 15, 1862, and was united in marriage March 7th, 1883, to Samuel Beamon. Mrs. Utter is a member of the Christian church. HON. ROBERT BELL. THE Bell family, of which the subject of this sketch is a member, were among the pioneers and early settlers of Illinois. On the paternal side they are of Scotch- Irish ancestry. Members of tine family emigrated from the north of Ireland to America some time prior to the Revolutionary war. They settled in Rockbridge county, Virginia, and from them have sprung a numer- ous progeny. The grandfather, Robert Bell, was a soldier of the Revolution. He entered the army under Washington while yet in his sixteenth year, and re- mained in the service during the entire term of the war, and was present when the war closed with the surrender of Cornwallis’ forces at Yorktown. After the war he married a Miss Mary Caldwell, who was of Scotch descent. She died in Virginia. Robert Bell remained a resident of his native State until 1818, when he came west to Lilinois, which State had just been admitted to the Union, and settled in what isnow known as Wabash county, then a part of Edwards, at a point now known as Friendsville Precinct. He was a farmer, and followed that avocation until his death, which occurred in 1837. The offspring of his marriage with Miss Mary Caldwell were three children named George, Jane, who was the wife of E. 8. Wallace, and Hiram Bell. The latter was the father of Robert Bell. He was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, March 3, 1798, and was yet in his early manhood when the family came to Illinois. He received a good education and adopted surveying as a business. After the family settled in Illinois his time was much occupied in his profession, and he did most of the surveying in this and surrounding counties. In 1824, when the county was organized, he was appointed circuit clerk by Judge Wilson, who subsequently was Chief Justice of the State. Mr. Bell held the office of circuit clerk continuously from 1824 to 1860, He also held the office of county clerk until December, 1853, and was county judge several years ; in fact held all the offices up to such time as the increasing business of the county demanded a division of the labor. He was familiarly known as General Bell, having held the posi- tion of Brigadier General in the militia forces of the State. Hedied July 11, 1867. He married Miss Eliz- abeth, daughter of Victor and Rebecca (Tucker) Buchanan, a native of Gallatin county, Kentucky. Her parents removed to Illinois in 1819, and settled in Lawrence county, then a part of Edwards. Mrs. Bell was born August 24, 1802. She still survives her hus- band, and at present is a resident of Mt. Carmel. There were eight children by the union of Hiram and Elizabeth Bell—four of whom are still living— Robert, Rebecca Jane, wife of Robert Cravath, a civil engineer liviog at Green Bay, Wisconsin; James Hiram and Clara Virginia, wife of N. M. Pilsbury, a hardware mer- chant, living at Fremont, Nebraska. Among those who died was Victor B. Bell, the eldest child, a member of the Illinois Legislature in 1852-54, and a prominent lawyer, who practiced his profession in Mt. Carmel, and afterwards in Chicago and Washington City, and died in New Orleans, September 15, 1867, having never mar- ried. Hon. Robert Bell, was born in Lawrence county in 1829. He received his primary education in subscription and select schools of Mt. Carmel, and his literary training in the Indiana State University. He studied law under the direction and in the office of his brother, Victor B. Bell, and commenced the practice of his profession in Fairfield, Wayne county, Tilinois, in 1855. In 1857 he returned to Mt. Carmel and continued the practice. In 1864 he formed a law partnership with Hon. E. B. Green, which still continues. The law firm of Bell and Green is well known through- out southern Illinois. They have a large practice in this and surrounding counties, and in the Appellate and Superior courts of the State, and in the Circuit and Dis- trict. courts of the United States. In 1869 Mr. Bell was appointed County Judge by the Governor, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Thomas J. Arm- strong. Judge Bell belongs to the progressive order of men. Enterprises, having for their object the increase of the material wealth of the town or county, find in him an active and enthusiastic supporter. He was President of the Illinois Southern Railroad Company, which was merged into the Cairo and Vincennes in 1867, and assisted materially in having the latter road built. He was also President of the St. Louis, Mt. Carmel and New Albany, now the Louisville, Evansville and St. Louis Railway, and while president of the former organ- ization, succeeded in having built and equipped that section of the road between Princeton, Indiana, and Albion, Illinois. The flourishing town of Bellmont, on this road, midway between Mt. Carmel and Albion, was named after Judge Bell; and the station and post-office 248 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. at the works of the Mt. Carmel coal company, on this railway, were named Maud, after a young daughter of Judge Bell who died in the spring of 1880. Politically Judge Bell was originally a Democrat, his first vote for President being cast for Pierce in 1852. In 1860 he was a Douglas Democrat. During the war of the Rebellion he wasa warm Union man, and made many speeches in aid of the recruiting soldiers, and supported all measures that had for their object the suppression of the Rebellion. His strong Union senti- ments naturally led him into the Republican party, and during and since the civil war he has affiliated and acted with the latter political organization, and has been recognized as one of the Republican leaders of the State. From 1868 to 1872 he was a member of the Republican State Central Committee for the State at large. In 1878, he was the Republican candidate for Congress in the 19th District. In 1879 he was sent to California by the United States Treasury Department as a special revenue agent to investigate alleged frauds in the revenue districts of the Pacific coast. In 1881 he was appointed by President Garfield as a commissioner to examine a section of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad jn New Mexico. Judge Bell is an honored member of the ancient and honorable order of A. F. and A. M., also of Royal Arch and Knight Templar masonry. On the 17th of November, 1858, at Madison, Connec- ticut, he was married to Miss Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Samuel N. and Martha (Brace) Shepard. Mrs Bell's father was a Congregational minister, and was pastor for thirty-one years of one of the largest churches in Connecticut. Mrs. Bell was born at Madison in that State, and was educated at New Haven, Hartford, and at Maplewood Seminary, Pittsfield, Mass. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bell nine children, five of whom are living, and the names of those who survive are: Emily Rosa, Collins Shepard, Edward Green, Catherine Elizabeth and Bertine. Judge Bell has a high reputation as an orator, and many of his speeches and addresses have been published. He has also written several short poems, that have been printed in some of the leading newspapers in the United States. HON. JACOB ZIMMERMAN Is a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, born September 27th, 1831. He is the son of Henry and Elizabeth (Steelsmith) Zimmerman. The family, on the paternal side, were originally from Germany, —on the maternal, of Welsh extraction. His parents emigrated to Ohio in 1840, and settled in Stark county. Four years later they removed to Wyandotte county, in the same State, and there the father died. His wife and the mother of Jacob Z. still survives him, and is a resident of the latter county. Jacob Zimmerman received a good English education in the public and select schools of Upper Sandusky. At the age of eighteen he resolved to adopt the printer’s trade as the business of his life, and with that idea in view, entered the office of the Wyan- dotte Pioneer, in Upper Sandusky, and in that office was “printer's devil,’ worked at the case, sub-editor and general utility man. He remained there about one year, and then went to Tiffin, Ohio, and worked at the case. Six months later he came west to Illinois, and stopped in the town of Marshall, in Clark county. There he found work in the office of the Illinois State Democrat, then owned and edited by Nathan Willard. He continued with the Democrat eight months; then, in connection with a Mr. Summers, purchased that paper and the Marshall Telegraph, and consolidated them, and pub- lished a neutral independent paper named the Telegraph. In 1852 James C. Robinson, a distinguished lawyer and prominent politician of Illinois, then a resident of Mar- shall, but at present a citizen of Springfield, purchased Mr. Summers’ interest in the paper, and became a part- ner of Mr. Zimmerman’s. They changed the name to the Eastern Illinoisan, and converted it into a strong de- mocratic newspaper. The latter partnership continued four years, when Mr. Z. sold his interest to his partner, and from Marshall went to Urbana, the county seat of Champaign county, and there, in connection with Mr. George N. Richard (with Mr. Z. as editor), published the Constitution, an able and influential democratic newspaper. While connected with the Il/inoisan in 1855, he estab- lished a paper at Greenup—the first democratic sheet published in Cumberland county—and conducted it in conjunction with the former paper. The democratic party of Clark county was in a disorganized condition when he assumed editorial control of the I/linoisan, ow- ing to dissatisfaction with the delegate convention sys- tem of making nominations. To heal the dissensions, Mr. Z. drew up a plan of making nominations by primary elections, submitted it to a mass meeting, and secured its adoption. This was the origination of the primary election system of making county nominations in Illinois at least, if not in the county at large, and so satisfactory did it prove in that county, that it has since been adopted throughout nearly the entire State, and largely through- out the whole county. In 1860 he sold out the paper at Urbana and came to Mt. Carmel, in this county, and here took editorial charge of the Democrat, and conducted it as a Douglas paper through the presidential campaign of 1860. His labors as editor and publisher of newspapers practically ceased in November, 1860. Since that time he has, oc- casionally, temporarily assumed editorship of the local journals. As a newspaper and political writer, Mr. Zim- merman was far above the average. He wielded a sharp and vigorous pen, and many times proved to his political and newspaper contemporaries that he was a formidable antagonist to encounter in a pen-and-paper controversy. Articles from his pen were clear, concise and to the point, and showed a thorough knowledge of the subject ‘in hand. After his retirement from the newspaper busi- ae Ww PER ESTOVER RM, CONTAINING OVER 200 ACRES, THE PROPE TY 7 FA , OF NWR, cal a AG a QTE oJ See 5 ces org lh he kk .BUILT BY A.GIBSON NOW THE PROPERTY OF MRS. OR SEARS . Ci, init HA IAA i VSLANDES ée CLARISSA A-SEARS 4OFA MILE WEST OF MI CARMEL, ILL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 249 ness, he engaged in farming and improving his property in this county, and that has been his chief occupation to the present. On the 25th of December, 1856, he married Miss Be- linda B., daughter of Thomas S. and Sarah D. (Cavalier) Hinde. She was born in Wabash county. Her father was one of the pioneers of Illinois, and the original pro- prietor of the town of Mt.Carmel. Mrs. Zimmerman, at the time of her marriage, was a resident of Marshall, Clark county Illinois, where she lived with her sister, who was the wife of Judge Charles H. Constable. She died in May, 1865, leaving two children, one of whom is yet living, named Frederick Hinde Zimmerman. On the 13th of April, 1874, Mr. Z. married his present wife. Her maiden name was Emwa Harris, She is the daughter of John and Mary(Brooks) Harris. The Harris family were also old settlers of Wabash county. By the latter marriage there are two children, whose names, in the order of their birth, are: Herbert and John H. Mr. Zimmerman is an honored member of the Order of Free- masonry, and belungs to the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Knights Templar orders. Politically, he has been a life-long and thorough-paced democrat. He is most soundly indoctrinated in the tenets and principles of that political organization, and believes that on the ultimate success of its principles rest the future hopes, prosperity aod perpetuity of a repub- lican form of government iu the United States. In 1878 his zeal in the cause of his party, and worth as a man and citizen, received honorable recognition by being elected to represent his district in the Third General As- sembly of the State. While a member of that body he secured the passage of a bill appropriating fifteen thous- and dollars for the erection of a court-house in Mt. Carmel. Mr. Zimmerman is a live, energetic, progressive busi- ness man. He was one of the organizers of the Coal Mine Co. west of Mt. Carmel, and the present and pros- pective development of the coal interests of Wabash county is in a great measure due to his energy and in- vestigations, HON. EDWARD B. GREEN Is a native of Blair county, Pennsylvania, born Dec. 29, 1837. His father, Thomas Green, was born and reared in Fairfax county, Virginia. He was of English ances- try, and the family were amomg the early settlers of the Old Dominion. During the war of 1812 he enlisted and served as a soldier in the army operating in Canada and on the northern frontier. At the close of the war he settled in what is now known as Blair county, Penn- sylvania, then a part of Huntingdon, and there followed farming until his death, which occurred in 1875. He married Miss Martha Galbraith, who was descended from Scotch-Irish stock. Her ancestors were among the early settlers of Pennsylvania. She was born and raised in Blair county, where she lived at the time of her mar- riage. She still survives her husband, and at the present 32 time is a resident of Clarion county, in her native State. ¢ By the marriage of Thomas and Martha Green there were twelve children, ten of whom are still living. Ed- ward B. is the youngest of the family. He received his primary education in the public schools of his native county. Being of a studious nature and possessing ear- nest application, he soon fitted himself for the profession of teaching, in which he engaged while yet in his seven- teenth year. The profession gave him enlarged oppor- tunities for study and self culture, and he soon became proficient, particularly in languages. During the last year and a-half of his residence in Pennsylvania he oc- cupied the Chair of Professor of Languages in the Aca- demy at West Freedom, in Clarion county. In October, 1858, he came west to Illinois, and settled in Paris, in Edgar county. He had determined to adopt the profes- sion of law as the business of his life, and with that idea in view, entered the law office of his brother, Amos ‘Green and James A. Eads, prominent attorneys of Paris, Illinois, and commenced the study. He read the stand- ard text-books and prosecuted his studies diligently until June, 1860, when he repaired to Carlyle, in Clinton county, then the residence of the late Sidney Breese, one of the justices of the supreme court, and was by him examined, and upon his recommendation was admitted to the bar. On the 20th of the same month he came to Mt. Carmel, opened a law office, and commenced the practice, and continued alone until 1864, when he formed: a law partnership with Hon. Robert Bell. That part- nership still continues, and has existed for a period of almost twenty years. The law firm of Bell & Green is widely known throughout Southern Illinois. They have a large and lucrative practice in this and surround- ing counties, and in the circuit, appellate and supreme courts. Mr. Green has confined himself strictly to the legitimate practice of the law. Upon the very thresh- old of his professional experience he recognized the fact that the law was a jealous mistress, who required of her subjects their undivided attention, severe and con- tinuous application,—careful, patient investigation, if they would succeed and become eminent in the profes- sion. Being impressed, and acting upon those well- known facts, he has found no time to engage in other than the legitimate practice, nor has he given any branch or department special attention, but has confined him- self to the general practice. In 1877 Judge Green’s ability as a sound and thorough lawyer, and his worth as a man, received suitable and honorable recognition, by being nominated for the office of Circuit Judge of the Second Judicial Circuit. In 1879 he was further honored by the nomination for a position upon the Supreme Bench of this State, but in both in- stances was defeated, owing to the fact that the canvass took a partisan turn, and the party who nominated him were in a hopeless minority in the districts. His defeat was much regretted, as he would have brought to the bench ripe scholarship and a profound knowledge of the law, acquired by long years of practice and studious 200 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. habits ; and, with his naturally clear, logical mind, he would have added honor to that distinguished body. Politically, Judge Green is a republican. He cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1862, and in all sub- sequent elections has voted and remained a staunch and active supporter of the principles and tenets of that po- litical organization. In 1882 he was selected by his party as the standard-bearer in the Sixteenth Congres- sional District, and made the campaign for congress against Judge Aaron Shaw, the present incumbent, but was defeated by a small majority. He, however, demon- strated that he was a strong and popular man, and made a vigorous canvass and succeeded in reducing the demo- cratic majority of 1476 in the district in 1880, to 628,— and this, too, in the face of the fact that the great tidal wave of democracy swept other portions of the State, and threatened seriously to engulf the ruling and domi- nant party of the county. On the 23d of October, 1861, Mr. Green was united in marriage to Miss Emma E. Lutes of York county, Pa. That union has been blessed with three children, whose names in the order of their birth are: Daisy, Pearl, and Paul Green. Mr. Green is an honored member of the 1.0. 0.F., and A. F. and A. M. orders, and holds mem- bership with the Lodges of Mt. Carmel. In his habits he is temperate, and an advocate of the cause of tem- perance. He, however, believes that temperance is a great moral question, and should be so treated, and taken out of politics, where it is too often made the stock in trade of the demagogue and political charlatan. He also takes an active interest in the cause of education, and by his zeal and energy has succeeded, in connection | with other members of the Board of Education, in build- ing up the present excellent graded schools of Mt. Carmel. HON. WILLIAM WOOD, (Deceased). THE subject of the following memoir, wasone of the pioneers and early settlers of Wabash county. He was also at that time the leaning representative merchant of this section of the State. It is emiuently proper that a sketch of his life should be written and published in a history of this county, so that the present generation may know something of the men who came here in an early day and braved the hardships and exposures of frontier life, that their posterity might enjoy in perfect fulness the benefits arising therefrom. All honor to those brave men, who by their energy subdued the forests and wilds of this country, and made it a habitable abode fur the present generation. The first that is known of the Wood’s family is the will written in the year 1537, and passed down through the succeeding generations. It was an entailed estate and passed to his uncle’s family. We attach the will verbatim: 1537, November 22nd. In the name of God amen I Michael Wood of Tenker Hey North Dean in the Vicarage of Hallifax & County of York Yeoman, Being in health yet Weak in Body, but of Sound mind memory and understanding, do make Publish this my Last Will & Testament in manner & form Following to wit first of all yt all my ju-t Debts and funeral Expences after my Decease be Discharged & paid out of my personal Efee By my Executors herein after named wt all Convinent Speed 2dly I Give & Be- queath to my well beloved Son Jos’: Wood y* place called y® moorend Situate Lying & being in Norland in s' Vicarage & County wt all y° Land & Appurtenances thearunto belonging now in y® tenner & occupation of Jonas Bates, for & during my s? Sons natural, But after his Decease I Give y® same to his Son my Grand- son Robt to hold to him & his Lawful issue If any Surviving after him for ever. But in Default of Such Issue I Give it to his Son, Joseph my Grandson & his Children after bim for ever Lawfully begotton or to be begotton of his Body, and in Default of Such Issue to y°® next Heirs Decendant by Law: Also I Give to my s¢son Jos? Wood Cottages wt 3 Crofts or Meadows thereunto adjoining or belonging Lying & being in s4 north Dean wt thear appurtenances to hold to him & his Heirs & Assigns fur ever he paying such Legacies thearout as I hearof appoint Which primisses are now in y® Tenner & occupation of Joseph Hey Joseph Glead- hil & Mary Leach. Also I Give & bequeath y® Remain- der & Interest of my Leashold Estate for a term of years yet to come, tugath w' ye Indenture of Lease Whearby I hold y® same y® s¢ Tinker Hey in_s4 Dean to have & to hold to him his Executors Administrators & assigns According to y® tenuer thearcf from & Im- mediately after my Dea Also, I give & bequeath to y® s? Jos Wood Children namely Mary Robt. Hannah Sarah Caroline Rebacco Judith & Joseph, to each Child Guinea to be paid to each as he or she shall come to age out of Real Est Called Moorend, from yé first martin- mas & next ensuing Rents after my Decease Whearas during y® minority of such as are not yet at age to Receive y® Executors to Improve y¢ same to there Dis- eretion for y® of Such Child or Children then Surviving till y¢ Seaverl Days of payment as they become due. Also I Give & bequeath to my beloved Daughters Mary Wilkinson & Dorothy Simpson to each one Crown Sterling for & During each of thear natural Lives to be paid out of y° other part of my Land Estate Lying in north Dean befcre mentioned from y® Issuing Rents thence arising as_ they become Due y® first payment to be made to each Daughters out of s¢ Rent first Due atter my Decease & so ma yearly after every year. Also my personal Estate I Give to s? Jos’ Wood Mary Wilkin- son & Dorothy Simpson to be Equally Divided among them after funeral Expences paymeuts of Debtes & y° following Legacies are paid & Discharged out of y° same, to Wit to William Banaclough my Servant I Give and bequeath £5.0,0 Sterling to be paid him at y°® age of 23 years Which Legacy I will be Improved tor & to his use from one month after my decease. Till he come of age to Reed. if then Surviving to to Elizs- beth Brooksbank my Servant I give & bequeath one Guinea to be paid her in one month after my Decease & Lastly I give to my son Joseph my Best Coat & Wast- enat on Condition he Gives to s¢ Wm. Bawaclough a Decent Good Wastcoat otherwise I Give & bequeath these together wt all ye Rest of my Wearing apparril Linnen & Woolling & to s4 Banaclough, & I hereby nominate & appoint Mr. John Taylor of y® Halla John fisher in st North Dean & John Stancliffe of Greenhead in Norland s¢ Vicarage Executors of this my Last Will & Testament hearby revoking all former Will & Wills heartofore made as Witness my hand, & Seal this 12 Day of January 1550 Micuart Woop VeWieodl HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 251 Signed Seal’d publish & Declared by y° Within named Michael Wood as & for his Last Will & testament in y® presences of us Who have hearunto Subscribed our names as Witness at y° Request in y° presence of y® S@ Testator & in y® presence of each other after y° Words, 1 of S¢ first Due were interlined in y® 35 Line, ee STANCLIFFE, EvizaBeTH BrooKsBank M Wo Stronciirr Wo STONCLIFFE. Joseph Wood, the great-grandfather of William Wood, was a cloth manufacturer of Halifax, England. His son Robert, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a man of great energy. He purchased a grant of land in America and set on foot a movement to raise a colony and settle in this country. He had large carved oak chests made and filled with clothing, and preparations were nearly completed for sailing, when the war for the independence of the colonies broke out and thwarted his plans. Robert Wood married Eliza. beth Ingham, one of three sisters of Crowstone Hall, (one of these sisters lived to be one hundred and four- teen years of age.) By that union there were seven children, whose names were Aaron, Moses, John, Robert, Bathsheba, Mary and Hannah. Bathsheba died in Balti- more, Maryland. His property was entailed and left to his eldest son. Moses, the second son, was the father of William Wood. He was born in Halifax, England, in 1765, and married Jane Beilby, daughter of John and Ksther Beilby, of Wetwang. He remained in his native country until 1819, when he with his family left the land of his nativity and settled in America, His family consisted of his wife, eight children and two servants. He also brought with him a tailor, shoemaker and blacksmith. The same oaken chests made by his father years before, were brought over. They sailed in the ship Mary Ann Isabella, from Burlington Quay. The owner of the vessel, Mr. George Baker, was a personal friend of the Wood family. After a tedious voyage of nine weeks and four days, they landed in Philadelphia, and from there proceeded to Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, where they settled. There Mr. Wood purchased three hundred acres of land, nearly one-third of which has been occu- pied asa part of the city. The remainder developed into valuable coal lands. When Moses Wood landed in Philadelphia he had several thousand dollars in gold, which he deposited in a Philadelphia bank for safe keep- ing. While prospecting in the valley of the Wyoming for land, the bank broke, and he lost his deposits. He was therefore compelled to depend on home resources to complete his purchases in Wilkesbarre. In the settle- ment of the affairs of the bank, he, however, realized a part of his money by taking land located in Bradford county. The tract given in part payment was in extent two thousand acres. Moses Wood resided upon his farm at Wilkesbarre, for many years after his settlement there, and educated and reared his sons in habits of industry and economy, and also gave them much practical knowledge of farm- ing. He spent the latter part of his life in the city and there died in 1853, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. His wife died in 1852, aged seventy-two years. In 1823, he commenced mining coal and shipped it down the Susquehanna river in keel boats or arks as they were called. He was among the first miners of coal in Wilkesbarre. At that early day the business was unprofitable. His sons became successful merchants and business men of Wilkesbarre. The children, the offspring of his marriage with Jane Beilby, are Sarah deceased, John B. born in 1803, was a wealthy merchant and banker and died at the age of seventy-five years. Moses deceased, William deceased, Abraham died in Trenton, New Jersey; Mary, wife of Sanford E. Par- sons, of Wilkesbarre, deceased. Isaac, a merchant, set- tled in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1868. Matthew died in Wilkesbarre; Anna M. became the wife of James Jones, cashier of the Wyoming National Bank of Wilkesbarre, deceased, and Esther E. residing in Trenton, New Jersey. William Wood, of whom we write, was the third son of Moses and Jane Wood. He was born at Pain- slack, Yorkshire, England, in 1807, and was in his twelfth year when he came with his father to America, in 1819. He received a fair education and a thorough business training in his youth. At the age of nineteen he was united in marriage to Jane, daughter of Edward Parkinson, a native of Kendal, England. Her father came to America in 1824, and settled in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. After his marriage Mr. Wood purchased eight acres’ of land adjoining the city of Wilkesbarre, and laid it out in lots and streets, thereby found- ing the village of Woodville, which was christened by that name at a public meeting of the citizens, called for that purpose by Mr. Miner, brother of the great historian, Charles Miner. Subsequently Mr. Wood en- gaged in the mercantile business in partnership with Benjamin Drake, at Wilkesbarre. In 1836, (in his own private carriage) in company with his wife, he made the journey to Illinois, which was then considered the “Far West.’? The journey was a hard one, occupying six weeks of tedious travel, partially through an unbroken wilderness with here and there a log cabin, where travelers from many parts would meet to relate their various hairbreadth escapes, and to be fed upon the never varying corn dodger and bacon, and where the one room would often accommo- date twenty persons for the night. A part of the jour- ney was made over the great National Road, which was then the great thoroughfare between the Hast and West. A portion of it was macadamized then, and it was already filled with traveling vehicles moving westward with the seat of empire. Many of them came to grief in being unacquainted with the mud and swamps after leaving the finished part of the road. Mr. Wood spent the winter in Mt. Carmel, in Wabash county. The kind- ness and sociability of the people pleased him. He purchased a lot on Main street, near where the Mansion House now stands, and afterward erected a house on it. In the Spring of 1837, he returned east and spent the 252 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. summer, settled up his business there, and in the fall of the same year, came back to Mt. Carmel. He gave a glowing account of this country, and was instrumental in bringing many others here. The west then wanted sturdy settlers to subdue her forests and bring into culti- vation her rich lands. That winter Mr. Wood entered iato partnership with his brother and Mr. Miller, and opened a general store in Mt. Carmel. In 1838, he opened a store at Friendsville, in this county, and had a post-office established there. He placed Robert Parkinson and William R. Wilkinson, two young mien, in charge of it. In 1841, his brother, having re- turned east, and Mr. Miller dying, Mr. Wood made ar- rangements with Parkinson and Wilkinson to conduct the business, he furnishing the stock as against their labor. The firm of Wood & Parkinson took charge of the store in Mt. Carmel, and Wovud & Wilkinson, of the stock at Friendsville. Mr. Wood then spent much of his time east, where he bought the goods and shipped them west, and took charge of the produce, grain and pork that was consigned to him by his western partners. The partnerships thus formed continued for seven years, and were a source of profit to all parties concerned. When Mr. Wood first came to Mt. Carmel it was a small, active, bustling frontier village; emigrants were com- ing in from all parts of the east; houses were scarce, and he was compelled, temporarily, to occupy a two-roomed house on Main street, below the hill. It was not lathed nor plastered, no floor over head, no partition except a curtain which was used in separating the rooms. There he lived until a better house could besecured. In 183%, he purchased a cannon stove in Pittsburg, Pa., brought it to Mt, Carmel, placed it in his store, and was the first to burn bituminous coal in southern Illinois. He re- turned to Wilkesbarre, after leaving here, and continued there his mercantile operations until 1857. During that time he laid out six acres more into lots and streets, a part of the homestead property which forms a part of the city of Wilkesbarre. He was closely identified with the commercial and banking interests of Wilkesbarre, and was one of the founders of the old Wyoming bank, a director of the same for many years. Both he and his father were among the original subscribers of the stock. He was one of the founders of the Wilkesbarre Water Company ; a director until 1866, and retained his con- nection through life. Mr. Wood settled in Mt. Holly, N. Jersey, in 1866, but, being restless under inactivity after an energetic busi- ness life, settled in Trenton, New Jersey, the same year, where he gave a part of his time to real estate business, and operated in it quite extensively, and caused the erection of some of the most substantial buildings in the city. In 1876, he built a cottage at Ocean Grove, New Jersey, where he, with his family, during the remaining years of his life, spent the summer months, returning in the autumn to his residence in Trenton, N. J. In early manhood Mr. Wood was interested in mili- tary organizations, and for sixteen years was a member of the State militia, of Pennsylvania, rising through the various grades to the rank of major. He wasa man of correct habits, quick perception in matters of business, and was ever known as aman of strict integrity in all his business relations. The ancestors of the Wood fam- ily were Episcopalian in their religious belief, but his father and his own family have been identified with the Methodist Episcopal church. In early life he becamea professed follower of Christ ; was a licensed local preacher and an ordained deacon. His discourses were clear and forcible. He was a member of the Local Preachers’ Association from the organization of that body, and took great pleasure in attending its conventions, and in 1871, was its president. Among his last contributions to the church was that of $1,100 to the new chapel of State Street M. E. church, one of the most beautiful and complete Sunday-school rooms in the city of Trenton. His last request was, that the remaining debt on the chapel, amounting to nearly $800, be paid. This has already been done. His first wife was a devoted Christian woman. She died, leaving the following children: Mary J., George, who died at the age of eighteen; Esther and Sarah. Mr. Wood was twice married, his second wife being Eliza, daughter of Capt. Thomas Coward, of Baltimore, Md., who followed a sea-faring life for twenty-five years. Mrs. Wood still survives her husband, and is a resident of Trenton, N. J. Mr. Wood was an affable and digni- fied gentleman; a man of strong convictions, sound judgment, and strict integrity. The church has lost a wise counselor, and the community an upright and honorable citizen. He died March 1, 1883, after a lingering illness, in great peace in the seventy-sixth year of his age. HON. SILAS Z. LANDES, Eldest son of John and Dellah (Skelton) Landes. His parents were natives of Augusta county, Virginia. They came west to Illinois in 1856, settling in Edgar county. Subsequently removed to Henry county, Missouri, and in 1872 came to Wabash county, Illinois, where John Landes at present resides. His wife died April 28, 1864, in Edgar county. Silas Z. was born in Augusta county, Virginia, May 15th, 1842. He came west with his father’s family in the year above-mentioned. He received his education in the subscription schools of his native State and in the Academy at Paris, Illinois. In 1861, he commenced the study of law in the office, and under the direction of Amos Green, of Paris, Illinois. During that time he supported himself by teaching school. He pursued his studies diligently, and in 1863, at the August term of the Supreme Court, held at Springfield, Illinois, he was upon examination admitted to the bar. In May, 1864, he came to Mt. Carmel, opened an office, commenced the practice, and here has remained to the present. Mr. Landes succeeded to a HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 253 large and lucrative practice, which have been the direct result of close applicatiun, studious habits, and unflagging zeal and industry in the cause of his clients. In 1872, he was nominated and elected States attorney for the county of Wabash. Re-elected in 1876, and again elected in 1880, and in that capacity has earned the re- putation of being an able and vigilant prosecutor. In April, 1878, he was appointed Master in Chancery, and held that office until 1883. Politically; Mr. Landes is a thorough Democrat in all that the word implies. In 1882, his zeal and fidelity to his party made him con- spicuous as a suitable candidate for Congressional honors in this district. In the convention, which met at Olney to nominate a candidate for congress, he was placed in nomination, and led all competitors for about three hundred and fifty ballots at the close of the last ballot. Although being the strongest man in the convention, he withdrew from the race in the interest of harmony and good feeling. His withdrawal resulted in the nomina- tion and subsequent election of Judge Shaw, as Con- gressman from the 18th district. In 1876, Mr. Landes was a member of the Democratic State Central Com- mittee. Mr. Landes came to Mt. Carmel in 1864 an entire stranger to the people. He had no strong influential friends to back him, but unaided and alone has made his own way. Whatever success he has attained, both in the law or in the accumulation of property, is owing entirely to his own industry and energy. On the 31st of October, 1865, he was united in marriage to Miss Clara, daughter of Dr. Paul and Eliza J. (Gibson) Sears. Mrs. Landes was born in Mt. Car- mel, Illinois. By that union there are three children. FRANK W. HAVILL. Frank WaAuLprEN HaAvitu was born in Roscoe, Ohio, September 15, 1842. His mother was a native of that state, and his father was from Maryland. He was educated in the common schools of Ohio, up to the age of 14, when he came to Illinois in 1857 ; from that time to 1861 he worked as a day laborer. He enlisted as a private in Co. I. 40th Illinois Infantry Volunteers, at the age of 18, in 1861. He carried a rifle in the ranks over two years, and was then promoted to First Lieut., Adjutant, and Captain respectively. He was mustered out as Captain and Assistant Inspector General First Division Fifteenth Army Corps. He was twice wounded, being shot through the right leg at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, and in the left shoulder in the charge on Kennesaw Mountains, Ga. During a portion of his term of service he was assigned to duty in Provost Marshal’s and Secret Service Departments, and served for a time as Adjutant of Harrison’s Tennessee Cavalry. During his term of service he was in the following battles and skirmishes: Pittsburg Landing, Russell House, No. 7, Siege of Corinth, Coldwater, Como, Lex- ington, Collierville, Altoona, New Hope, Black Jack Knob, Kennesaw, Nickajack Creek, Chattahoochie, Peach Tree Creek, Ezra Chapel, Atlanta, Rough and Ready, Jonesboro, Turkey Creek, Griswoldville, Sa- vannah, Cumbahee, Broad River, Columbia, Bentonville, Falling Creek, and Raleigh. He served a little over four years, having been in all the important campaigns of the west, and with Sherman in his memorable march to the sea. Since 1872, he has been publisher and editor of the Mit, Carmel Register, a paper, which under his manage- ment, has taken a front rank in the country journals of the State. He is a member of numerous secret bene- volent societies, and is especially well-known in Masonic, Workingmen and Odd-fellow circles. He was married to Miss Lizzie Willman in Friendsville, Illinois, in 1867. HON. ISAAC N. JAQUESS. THE Jaquess family are of French origin. Jonathan Jaquess, from whom the family was descended, died previous to the American Revolution. He had four sons, Jonathan, Isaac, William and John, and five daughters, Polly, Ruth, Susan, Massy and Letty. His eldest son was named Jonathan. He was born April 28,1875. He went to sea when twelve years of age, and followed a sailor’s life, at intervals, until twenty-seven years of age. He served in the war of the Revolution four or five years, both by land and sea. At the close of the war he married Miss Sally Jaquess, a third cousin, daughter of Samuel and Abigail Jaquess. His wife lived only thirteen months. He then married Mrs. Esther E. Koy, and moved from his home in Essex county, New Jersey, to Kentucky, in 1789, and settled near where Cynthiana now stands. His wife Esther died, leaving children whose names were Sarah Christina, and Isaac. The latter was the father of the subject of this sketch. He was born in New Jersey, Feb. 1st, 1786, and died June 5, 1812. He married Betsey Johnson, who died in Marion county, Missouri, February 16th, 1841. Her father, John Johnson, was a native of North Carolina, a noted Indian fighter in his day. Jonathan Jaquess, the grandfather of Isaac N., emigrated from Kentucky to Indiana in 1816, and settled in Harrison county, and from there removed to Posey county, where he died. Isaac N. was the only offspring of Isaac and Elizabeth (Johnson) Jaquess. He was born in Harrison county, Ky., Feb. 10, 1811. He learned the cabinet-making trade in his youth. He went with his mother in 1828 to Marion county, Mo., and in the fall of 1831, came to Posey county, Indiana, on a visit to her friends, and while there came over to Mt. Carmel, Illinois, to see his uncle, W. F. Jaquess. Liking the town and people, he concluded to stay here and make it his future home. He commenced working at his trade and continued in it for a number of years. He was elected constable and served for a time, and in 1844, was elected sheriff of the county, and continued to be elected for a number of years. He subsequently engaged in different business, merchandising principally, until about four years age, 254 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. when he engaged in the lumber and saw milling business in connection with his son-in-law, Mr. Chipman. In 1831, during the Black Hawk war he enlisted in Captain Jordan’s company, served throughout, and was discharged at the close. During the late war he was chaplain of the 73d Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and served from February, 1864, until the close of the war. On the 20th of March, 1834, he married Miss Jane, daughter of John Tilton. She died July 1st, 1863. ~ She was born in New Jersey, but came with her parents to J]linois, while young. There were ten children by that uniou, four of whom are living. The others died in infancy except Sarah, who was the wife of Wm. F. Chipman. She left one son named Paul. The names of the children living are, Laura, wife of Dr. T. J. Rigg, who have two children ; Ellen S., wife of Richard Weaver. They have two children; Isaac W., married Mary Long, and have two children ; James Henry mar- ried Miss Dora Beachem. On the 18th of October, 1867, Mr. Jaquess married his present wife. She was Mrs. Catherine McClintock nee McGregor, and a native of Wabash county, Illinois. She had one child by her former marriage, named William T. McClintock, who married Miss Mildred Pyole. Both Mr. and Mrs. Jaquess are members of the M. E. church. The former joined the church in his seventeenth year. Politically he was originally a Whig of the Emancipa- tion school, and always anti-slavery. In 1856, he was one of the few voters in the Wabash county, who cast their ballots for John C. Fremont. In 1860, he voted for Lincoln, and from that time voted the Republican ticket. In 1874, he was elected to represent this dis- trict in the General Assembly of the State, and in that capacity served his constituents well and honorably. He is an avowed outspoken advocate of the temperance cause. He joined the first temperance organization formed west of the Mississippi, and from that time to the present has not swerved from its principles and teach- ings. o——. EDWARD MILLER. Amona the old settlers and enterprising business men of Mt. Carmel is the subject of the following sketch. He is of German parentage. His father, Louis Miller, is a native of the province of Loraine, then a French prov- ince, now a part of Germany. He was born January 16, 1803. His father, Frederick Miller, was a native of the same county. Louis learned the carpenter trade in his youth and worked at it until twenty-one years of age, when under the laws of the French government, he was compelled to serve four years in the army doing military service. He performed that duty and then enlisted and served four years longer. After his discharge from the army he worked one year at his trade for his father-in- law, Daniel Wise, and then emigrated to America, ar- riving at New York in the early summer of 1833. He took up his residence at Allentown in Pennsylvania, and remained there until the fall of 1834, when he came west to Illinois and settled in Mt Carmel. He was attracted to this place by his brother-in-law, Daniel Wise, who had preceded him here a few years. Here he followed the carpenter trade and remained a resident until 1847, when he removed to Gibson county, Indiana, and a few years later moved to Stewartsville in Pusey county, where he at present resides. Although over four-score years, he is still vigorous and gives evidence that there are a number of years of life and usefulness yet in store for him. On the 6th of September, 1832, while yet a resident of Loraine, he married Margaret, daughter of Daniel Wise, who was born in that province in April, 1813. She is also still living. There were nine cbil- dren, the result of that marriage; four sons and one daughter are living. The daughter, Eliza, is the wife of Cyrus Worth, and a resident of Mt. Carmel. Henry, the third son, was a soldier during the late war. E:- ward, the subject of this sketch, is the eldest son. He was born in Allentown, Lehigh county, Penn., August 26th, 1832, and was yet in his infancy when his parents moved west. Here in Mt. Carmel he grew to manhood, went to school and assisted his father as he grew older, After the family removed to Gibson county, Indiana, he worked on a farm until he was twenty-one years of age, then learned the carpenter trade and soon after married and removed to Evansville, and there followed his trade until he embarked in the manufacturing of sash, doors, etc. His business ventures in Evansville to some extent proving a failure, he left there in 1875, and came back to Mt. Carmel, and here engaged in the manufacturing of sash, doors, blinds, and the general undertaking business, which he has by energy and a good man- agement, worked up to its present standard. On the 24th of June, 1857, he was united in marriage to Miss Caroline, daughter of Michael and Catherine Bur- rucker. She was born in Baltimore, Md., September 6th, 1837. Her parents were of German nativity, but were old settlers in the west. There have been born to Edward and Caroline Miller nine children, six of whom are living—five sons and one daughter. Their names in the order of their birth, are George, Edward, Eli, Clara, Jacob, and Jesse, all of whom are yet beneath the parental roof. Both Mr. and Mrs. Miller are mem- bers of the Evangelical church. Politically, Mr. Miller was originally a Democrat. In 1860, he voted for A. Lincoln, and since that time in all general elections he has voted the Republican ticket. He, however, is not partisan in his views, but conservative, and takes no fur- ther interest than to express his sentiments and choice through the right of ballot. Mr. Miller in life has been reasonably successful. He started in life poor, and what he has, has been the accumulation of his own toil (and the assistance of his wife) and the practice of rigid economy. He has raised and supported a large family, and at the same time maintained himself and added a little to his store while so doing. Mr. Miller may be regarded as one of the old settlers of Mt. Carmel. Fifty HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 255 years has fled since he came here. The place was then a small struggling frontier village. The changes and growth have all been made since he first became a resi- dent here, then in his infancy, now in his mature age. In all these years, and among these people who knew him as boy and man, he has borne the name and charac- ter of an upright, honest man, and one who is of a generous just disposition, seeking to follow the golden rule of do-. ing unto others as he would have others do unto him. SAMUEL R. PUTNAM Is a descendent of one of the pioneer families of Illinois and Wabash county. The family were originally from Massachusetts. Howard Putnam, the great-grandfather of Samuel R., was born in Worcester, that state, Febru- ary 11th, 1762. He was a young man-when the war of the Revolution broke out, and too young to enter the service at that time. He, however, espoused the cause of the patriots, and was for two years a soldier under Washington at the latter end of the war. Hannah Put- nam, his wife, was born in the ” On nba 232, Tl. PR 14.W. (Sacem Precinct) Eowaros Co, Itc. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, [LLINOIS. 313 Moravian faith, arrived at the village. To these acces- sions of the Germans the origin of West Salem is due. Prominent among the families of the precinct are the Goulds. Philander, a wealthy retired farmer of section 32, T. 1 N., came to the county from West Virginia in 1835. His first wife, Sarah Knowlton, was born at Amherst, Massachusetts, and came to the county in 1829 Thomas Hocking, a farmer and stock-raiser, of section 14, T.1 8, R. 10 E., was born in Edwards county in 1833. His wife, Cynthia A. Potter, is a native of Wash- ington county, Ohio. The precinct was represented in the Black Hawk war by David Greathouse, Alfred Mc Kenney, Lewis Pixley, Gordon Coplea and Matthew Rice, who is yet living in the precinct. The first school-house in the precinct was built of round logs, on the N. E. quarter of the S. E. quarter of section 21, as early as 1824 or 25. Its equipments were of the most primitive character, consisting of puncheon seats and a puncheon writing desk, occupying one side of the building, directly over which a log had been sawed out to afford light, the space being filled with genuine window-glass, instead of the usual greased paper. The chimney was made of clay and sticks, and rested upon a sort of trestle work. Prior to the building of this house, school was taught in deserted cabins. One Sweat, a colored man, taught in the school-house, as early as 1829 or ’30. Other early teachers were Lathrop Rude and Daniel Abbey, an Eastern man. A log school-house was built on the southeast quarter of section 17, about the year 1836. Rey. Massey, a Methodist, preached at Joseph Robinson’s as early as 1830. Rev. Maginnis was also an early preacher. The earliest permanent burial place is on the Joseph Robinson farm, and was used for interment prior to 1835. Higgins’ water-mill, on Bonpas creek, has al- ready been referred to as the first in the precinct. Kellen and Cladfelter put up a one-burr log-mill on the 8. W. quarter of the S E. quarter of section 8, in the winter of 1840. The first permanent resident physician is Dr. Schafer, of West Salem, who began practice in 1849. Drs. David and Samuel Philbrick, and Samuel Lesher practiced at an earlier date. The following are the first land-entries: the E. half of the N. W. quarter of section 28 was entered by Henry J. Mills, Sept. 14th, 1822; the W. half of S. W. quarter section 21, by T. McKinney, July 5th, 1825; the E. half of N. E. quarter 20, by George Walser, May 14th, 1829: the E. half of 8. E. quarter section 21, George McClure, Sept. 3, 1829, Enoch Preston and David Greathouse, April 12th, 1830, entered respectively the W. half of N. E. quarter, the E. half N. W. quarter and the W. half of 8. E. quarter of section 19, T.1 N., R.11 E., August 21st, 1821. Isaac Greathouse entered the N. W. quarter of section 13, March vlst, 1827. Lot Sams entered the E. half of S. E. quarter of section 25. WEST SALEM. This prosperous little village of about three hundred 40 and fifty inhabitants, occupies a central position in the precinct, and is located on the 8. E. quarter of the N. E. quarter of section 18, T 1N., R.14 W. It isa station on the Peoria, Decatur and Evansville Railroad, which extends north and south through the precinct. The village is supported by a prosperous and thickly settled farming community. It had its origin in the little band of German immigrants, already referred to. Of their pumber, P. T. Hallbeck put up the first building within the present village limits, July 14th, 1849. It is a double frame structure, and was used as a storehouse. by Mr. Hallbeck, and as a dwelling, by him and a num- ber of other Germans. Here were sold the first goods in the precinct, consisting of linens and broad-cloth. The uext building was a frame storehouse and dwelling, built by Stephen §S. Gunn, who kept general merchandise. Mr. Gunn had been running flat-boats on the Bonpas, and continued the business some time after his arrival in West Salem, till the year 1853, supplying a market for the produce of the country, at Vicksburg, Memphis and New Orleans. He was a valuable citizen, and did much to build up the village, which he left in 1861, and moved to Olney, where he yet resides. The first, school-house, a frame building, about 20x22 feet, was put up in the winter of 1850 and 51. Rev. Martin Houser was the first teacher there, as well as the first minister in the village. He was a Moravian, and entered the land for the village, in the name of Charles F. Klugha, Presi- dent of the Synod of the Southern Provincial Conference of the Moravian Church of North America. It was first called New Salem, but on the establishment of a post- office there, in 1854, the name was changed to West Salem. It was surveyed and platted by Thomas R. Bicket, August 3d, 1849. April 22d, 1867, it was in- corporated uuder the general law. Its first Board of Trustees were William Foster, sr, (President), J. H. McDowell, J. B. Michel, E. G. Altner and George Pix- ley, Clerk, A. L. Hammaker, Treasurer, J. B. Michel. Its growth, though not rapid, has been steady and sub- stantial. It has a two-story, four-room, brick school- house, built in 1880, at a cost of about $4000. Five churches bear testimony to the religious inclinations of its citizens, viz: the German Moravian, the oldest church in the precinct, a frame structure, built in 1845 ; the English Moravian, 40x60 feet, built of brick, in 1858, at a cost of $.000; the Evangelical, a frame, 26x 46 feet, built about 1860 for $1000; the Christian, a frame, 26x36 feet, erected in 1360, at a cost of about $600, and the Seventh Day Adventists, also a frame, 26x40 feet, built in 1879 and ’80. PRESENT BUSINESS. Salem Flouring Mill.—a three-story frame building was put up by Frederick Luther, in 1878. It is operated by steam, and has one wheat and one corn burr. It is confined to custom work. Its cost was $5000. In con- nection with it is a circular saw-mill. Physicians.—Herman Schafer, John T. Plimell, Eli- sha Jenner, John A. Houser. 314 Druggists—George Lopp, F. M. Bussard, General Merchants—Asa Pixley, jr., Joseph H. Mc Dowel, C. Feldmann & Co, A. Fricke. Grocers.—Paul O. Hallbeck, John Meisenheimer, Heary Harms. General Hardware.—C. H. Voight. Post Master—George Lopp. Spoke Factory and Wagon Shop.—William Voigt, Francis Pixley. Blacksmiths.—George Biggs, L. C. Modrow. Dressmakers and Milliners—Emma Hallbeck and Anna Hunter. Livery Stable. —Samuel A. Rothrock. Hotel—Eliza Biehl, Samuel A. Rothrock. Marble Yard—H. T. Dwyer & Co. Carpenters.—J. P. Miller, Daniel Miller, Permane Rothrock, Edwin Rothrock. Painters.—Moratz Neuman, J. B. Siewers. Barber.—W. R. Robinson. Butcher.—C. 8. Foster. Fruit Nursery.—C. F. Winter. HISIORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Furniture.—C. Feldmann, H. W. Busefink. Lumber Dealer.— William H. Rotrammel. Grain Dealers.—Pixley & Foster, G. C. Walser. Saddler and Harness Maker—Jeremiah Dixon. Shoemakers —Henry Harms, Frederick Steffens, Fred- erick Grass, Andrew Elikofer. Bakery —Jobnu Meisenheimer. Justice.—G. C. Walser. Constable.—Samuel A. Rothrock. SOCIETIES. West Salem Lodge, K. of H., No. 2833, was organized September 19th, 1882. Its charter membership num- bered seventeen ; its present memb rship numbers twenty five. It is free from debt and has $100 in its treasury. The town of Rockford was laid out on the S. E. quar- ter of the S. W. quarter of section 3, the site of Higgins’ water-mill. It never prospered and had no existence beyond the paper upon which it was platted. At the mill was established the first post-office in the precinct, as early a3 1836. It is now kept at the hamlet of Pin- hook. Stig: BIOGRAPHIES. ANSEL A GOULD. A RosTER of the prominent farmers of Edwards county would be incomplete without containing the name of AwseL A. GOULD, who is one of the most successful of their number. He was born (one of twins) in Lewis county, Virginia (now Upshur county, West Virginia), February 13th, 1817. His parents, Ebenezer and Eli- zabeth Gould, when Ansel was a youth, went from Virginia to New York, whence they preceded him here, coming in 1835,—he following in 1836. Mr. Gould was united in marriage, Nov. 11th, 1838, with Chloe, daughter of Roswell Knowlton, who came to Illinois from Virginia in 1830,and died in 1834. By her he has had nine children. Soon after coming to Illinois, he hired out his services at eleven dollars per month. In the fall following his arrival he went to Arkansas, where he had $36 per month as a teamster. The first money he was enabled to save from his wages went to pay for land he had bought of George Flower. His first venture in a speculative way was to build a flat-boat, and load it with provisions to take to New Orleans. On the way, both boat and cargo were lost by sinking The loss was a severe one, as he was paying 12 per cent. interest on money he had borrowed with which to fit out the boat. Shipment of produce follow- ed which subsequently proved profitless, but his farming operations were eminently successful, so that he acquired considerable property, and has by energy and labor succeeded beyond most men. A fine view of his home- | place is shown elsewhere in this work. He is an ardent Republican, and an earuest. faithful member of the M. E. Church. His benefactions in behalf of his fellow- men, and in behalf of the cause of religion, have been large. The names of his children and dates of birth, ete , are as follows: Deuel, born April 27, 1840; Mary A., February 13, 1843; Edson, January 14, 1846; Emily E., August 15, 1849; Harriet M., April 14, 1851; Olive M., Dec. 28, 1854; Aaron A., August 19, 1857 . Alice C., Aug. 14, 1860; Elmina S., October 18, 1863. Of these, Edson died Sept. 5, 1848. PHILANDER GOULD. Furnisnine an apt illustration of what may be accomplished by earnest effort and a will that knows no failure, Philender Gould affords an excellent ex- ample. He was born in Lewis county, Virginia (now Upshur county, West Virginia), one of twins, Ansel A. being the other, February 13, 1817. His father, Ebene- zer, was a native of Massachusetts. His mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Meeks, was also a New- Englander. They lived a few years in Virginia, thence went to New York. In 1835, in company with his father, Philander came to Edwards county, a penniless boy. He wanted to work, but in a manner that would accomplish the most good for himself. His plan was to buy wild land and improve it. Joel Churchill, at the time a merchant in Albion, assisted him, by fur- nishing money with which he bought forty acres of wont, a A eT Econo ar r ‘cape EE cc, aera ont aa ‘ HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 315 | land. On this tract he went to work, and steadily, year | Oct. 30, 1836. By her he had ten children, all of whom by year, has he improved his financial condition, until | are living. She died January 10, 1876. He was again now he is one of the largest tax-payers of Edwards married to Martha L. Courtrecht, daughter of John county. Failures he has met with a stout heart, and | Courtrecht, a native of New York, Sept. 10, 1876. By overcome; reverses and monetary losses he has sustained, | her he has two bright, intelligent children. He is a but they have left no impress upon him. He was mar- | firm, uncompromising Republican in political faith. ried to Sarah Knowlton, a native of Amherst, Mass., AMONG prominent farmers in Edwards county, who children, three of whom died in infancy, and five, combine with farming operations business requiring William E., Lucy 8. Dr. Martin D. (a physician sound judgment and tact, may be mentioned Blashel |. practicing in Olney), Caroline M., and George D., are Foster. To farming he successfully adds grain dealing | living, Blashel Foster is a member of the A. F. and on an extensive scale, and likewise is a stock shipper. | A. M. Society, in whose workings he manifests great He was born in Clark county, Indiana, Noy. 18, 1826. | interest; is also a member of the Christian church, in The son of William and Lucy (Shirley) Foster. The | which cause he is earnest and enthusiastic. In 1872, his family came to Edwards county in 1844. Mr. Foster’s | fellow citizens of the Liberal Republican faith, as a wife, to whom he was married in May, ’55, wasa daughter | compliment to his recognized fitness for the position, ran of Martin Houser, a Moravian preacher at Hope, Bartho- him as a candidate for the State Senate giving him a lomew county, Indiana, and latterly of West Salem, flattering vote. Politically he might properly be classed which village he laid out in 1845, after the style of the | as an Independent Republican. He 1s a gentleman town of Niesky, Prussia. Her name was Emeline C. possessed of social qualities of a high order. A view of Houser, By her there were born to Mr. Foster eight | his home is shown on another page of this work, 316 ASA PIXLEY (Deceasep.) Amone the pioneers of Wabash and Edwards counties _ were the Barneys, McClures, Ingrahams, and Pixleys, who were all natives of Alleghany county, New York, and who came together first to Wabash county, about 1809. Asa Pixley, the subject of this sketch, one of this number, was born io Alleghany county, N. Y., in 1805. Tis father, Job, was a farmer, a man strongly imbued with the old time pioneer spirit of adventure. In the family was William, Asa, Lewis, and Isaac. Of these, William died in Friendsville, where he was an honored citizen all his life, in 1880. Asa was noted for his Jove for, and excellence in, all manner of athlete sports. When in attendance, in early manhood, upon the annual battalion musters, he found few equals in running, jumping, and other sports. For many years he lived in Barney Prairie, where his father first located, and in 1829 came to Edwards county. He married Amanda Ingraham, by whom he had Osman, Harrison, Nancy Ann, Eliza, Asa, Jr, Pathenia, and Caspar. His sons and daughters are all doing well. Asa was an earnest, faithful Christian man; a most excellent neigh- bor, an active participant in all things calculated to ad- vance the interests of his vicinity. A kind husband, an indulgent father, he enjoyed universal respect. He died at a good old age, February 9th, 1883. Dr. HERMANN M SCHAEFER. Dortne the prevalence of the wars of 1848-9 in Ger- many, many of her citizens, and not a few of her soldier-, sought homes across the sea in America. Among the latter Dr. H. M. Schaefer, at the time company surgeon at home, on furlough, slipped away, taking passage on the boat Helena, in the Bremen trade, and came hither. As the vessel set sail from the harbor of Bremen, she was twice intercepted and chased back, a third attempt proved successful, a favoring wind lending aid to her flight, and she on a northwestward course soon left pursuing Danish sails far in her wake. Fearing to encounter the enemy they pursued their way far to the HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. When clear of such fear they raised the flag of their country, and reached the port of New York after a voyage of seven weeks, less one day, on the ocean. Be- fore leaving Bremen the captain of the vessel thought of raising the Russian flag for safety, but finally con- cluded, without colors, to make to sea. Dr. H. M. Schaefer was born in Niesky, in lower Silesia, Prussia, April 14th, 1821. His father, John Gottlieb Schaefer, was a potter by occupation. His mother’s maiden name was Christina Koch. He hada brother and two sisters. One of the sisters, Marie Louisa Voekel, died, the wife of a missionary of the Moravian faith to the West Indies, on the island of St Croix, in 1854. She had been at her post of duty since 1848. The doctor landed in New York city, July 3d, 1849, so that almost the first pleasing sight to greet his vision were flags and bunting in great profusion displaying our national colors on the natal day of American Independ- ence. July 22d, of the same year, found him in West Salem, his objective point upon bidding adieu to his native land. At the age of fourteen years he had com- menced the study of his chosen profession, that of medicine, which he was quietly pursuing when called into the Prussian service, in which he remained about three years. His attention had been directed to the northeastern part of Edwards county, by Rev. Mr. Houser, Moravian divine, and founder of West Salem. On the 30th of March, 1850, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth Hedrick, daughter of George Hedrick, one of the old settlers here. By this union they have had thirteen children, seven of whom are living. Heisa firm, outspoken Republican in politics, and during the war was an officer in the Union League. In politics he has taken a somewhat prominent part. In the Moravian church he is active, and has held many positions of honor. His faith is deep and abiding. In 1878, his house was destroyed by fire, but a new structure of beautiful proportions was built by him as a permanent home. Asa physician he takes high rank among his brethren of the profession. He comes of a long-lived family, his mother having attained the age of 84, and north, passing between the Shetland and Orkney Islands. | grandfather 86 years, ASA. PIXLEY,DEC® Ys LAWRENCE COUNTY. Lawrence, and on the south by Bridgeport, aaa §=Christy township, and on the west by Rich- land county. The surface generally is level, and em- braces a considerable amount of fine prairie land. Christy. String township, and Bogard prairies occupy, respectively, the southwestern, the northwestern and the northeastern parts of the township “ String town- ship” is a sportive appellation, suggested by the form of a hunting settlement that skirted the western border of the prairie. The principal streams are the Embarras river, Little Muddy creek, and Paragin slough, a slug- gish stream that flows through an extensively wooded bottom, and at various points widens into ponds. The name is a compliment to the memory of Peter Paragin, the pioneer hunter of .hat region, and was suggested by the circumstance that he slew the only bears, two in number, ever killed along that stream. The svil is clayey, with a considerable amount of black loam in the low lands. Timber of a good quality is quite abundant. The improvements of the township are good, and some attention is paid to improvement of breed in farm stock. David Watts introduced the Poland China hogs about ten years ago. He is the principal breeder, in his line, in the county. Petty township is the most recently settled portion of the county. In 1818 there was but one cabin north of the state road and west of the Embarras river. This cabin was the home of Peter Paragin, and stood on the west half of the southeast of section 9. Paragin was newly married and came from Ohio. type of the pioneer, being six feet tall, heavy-boned, muscular, with retreating forehead and advancing fea- tures. Hunting occupied a large share of his attention, and to triumph over the beasts of the forest was his principal delight. He reared, to manhood and woman- hood, twelve of his thirteen children, one of whom, Joshua, is a well known citizen of Bond township. The next settler was Aaron Vanatta, whocame from Ohio, with a family, in 1820, and improved the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 10. About 1830, he sold his improvement to Thomas Hamil- ton and moved to Jasper county. Thomas Bowen came from Tennessee to Lawrence county in 1816. About the year 1822 he married Sarah King and settled on the southwest quarter of section 7, township 4, range 12. He reared a large family of children, some of whom He was an excellent’ live in the township. His dea h occurred in 1858. in the fifty-eighth year of his age. The oldest living settler of the township is Jacob Lewis, who was born in South Carolina, and moved to Kentucky, with his parents, when a child. In 1820 the Lewis family moved to Lawrence county. In 1824 Jacob married and settled on the northwest quarter of section 25, township 4, range 18, where he lived to rear a family of eight sons and three daughters, all of whom married and settled in Lawrence and Richland counties. Mr. Lewis is now eighty-two years of age, hale and well preserved. In 1827 he planted an apple orchard, of which several trees yet remain. In 1823 James Elliott settled on the west half of the northwest quarter of section 17, township 4, range 13. At an early day he planted an apple orchard, a portion of which is yet in bearing. John Lewis mar- ried in the county in 1826, and settled on the west half of the northwest quarter of section 25, township 4, range 13, where, after rearing quite a family, he died. About this time Joseph Cummings settled on the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 14, where he reared a family of children. He was something of a hunter, and about 1840 built the first distillery in the township. About the year 1828 came Elijah King, James Vermil- jion, William James and George C. King. The first was married in the county and settled in the southeast quarter. of the northwest quarter of section 18, township 4, range 12, where was his permanent home and the place of his death. He reared a family of three sons and one daughter, who married and settled in the same county. Vermillion was from Kentucky, and was well-to-do when he came. He settled on the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 20, township 4, range 13, a portion of the “Island,” an area lying between the Embarras river and Little Muddy creek, where he reared a family of two children. He was an industrious, thorough-going man. His death resulted from “ King’s Evil,” in Indiana, after returning from a trip for medical treatment. William James came from Indiana, married in the county, and made several im- provements, selling them when completed. George C. King, brother of Elijah, settled on the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 11, and was a farmer and teamster. Henry Vanmeter, in 1829, settled on the west half of the southeast quarter of section 32, township 5, range 13. Washington Douglas, about the year 1830, came into the township, from Kentucky, with a family of three children, Charles, Nancy and Horace, and settled 317 31s HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. on east half of the northwest quarter of section 19, township 4, range west, where he improved a good farm. | John Laws, from one of the Carolinas, about 1830, set- tled on the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of | section 17. Just north of his place, on section 8, wax a New Light camp-meeting ground, where, at his own expense, he fed the assembled multitudes, at a table one hundred yards in length, and provided sleep ing accommodations at his house and barn. The horses of those in attendance were likewise provided for- Laws was a determined as well as skillful hunter, and would pursue a wolf’ for two or three days with as many fresh horses, rather than give up the pursuit. John Brigman and William Murphy settled in the township prior to 1838. The latter gentleman made an improvement in section 18, township 4, range 12, Sarah James, a widow, with a daughter, came from Indiana in 1834 In 1838 she was married to Edward Fyffe, who settled on the southwest quarter of section 28, township 4, rauge 13, where he died. The Petty family, from whom the township received its name, arrived in 1838, or 39. Josiah Petty, familiarly known as ‘old Uncle Jeff,” settled in the west half of the southwest quarter of section 11. Joseph Petty, from Perry county, Ohio, with five children, Peter, Mary Ann, Balser, George and William, settled on the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 15, where he resided permanently. In 1838, John Decker, from Indiana, settled on the southwest quarter of the northwest quar- ter of section 28, township 4, range 13, where he re- mained permanently, and reared a family of eight chil- dren. Samuel James, about 1840, settled and improved a farm on the east half of the southeast quarter of sec tion 30, township 4, range 13. The principal improve- ments of the township, especially north of Paragin slough, have been made since 1850. At that time Richard Grier, Nathan Fitz, Ferdinand Kyger, William Munn, Nancy Watts, Christian Loss_and the Jackson family were living in thatregion. The west half of the southwest quarter of section 33, township 5, range 13, occupied, at present, by David Watts, is one of the earliest settlements in its neighborhood. There was also an early improvement on the east half of section 332, township 5, range 13. A well marks the site of a former improvement in David Brown’s field east of Chauncey. Christopher Dollahan once lived there. The following are the first land entries in T. 4N. R 13 W.: August 21, 1821, P. and J. Paragin entered the E. 3 of the S. E } of'sec. 8; Jan. 7, 1824, Jacob Lewis, the N. W. 3 of sec. 25; Sept. 17, 1825, John Lewis, the W.3 of the S. W. 3 of sec. 25; Feb. 11, 1823, James Elliot, the W. 3 of the 8. W. 4 of sec 17. The W. 3 of the S. E. | of sec. 32, T. 2 N. R. 13 W. was entered by Henry Vanmeter, Oct. 22,1829 The gentlemen, whose names appear below, have represented the township in the board of supervisors: Daniel Grass, ia 1857, 1858 ; Peter Smith, chairman, in 1859, 1860; R. L Judy, in 1861; Randolph Heath in 1862 ; Richard Greer, in 1863, 1864; Daniel Stoltz, in 1865, 1866, 1867; Levi Lathrop, in 1868;8. F, Baker, in 1869; Levi Lathrop, 1870, 1871 (chairman), 1872; Daniel Stoltz, 1873, 1874; Moses Petty, 1875, 1876, 1877; H. M. Wagner, 1878, 1879; David Smith, 1880, 1881, 1882; C. H. Martin, 1883. CHAUNCEY Was so named by Peter Smith, for the second son of Wm. H. Brown. It contains about seventy inhabitants, and is situated on the adjacent corners of sections 28, 29,32 and 33 T. 5,R. 13. John Bach built the first house, a log dwelling, in 1856. He immediately put up a blacksmith shop and began work. Luther Watts sold the first goods in the Daniel Grass building, moved from a point three miles southeast of Chauncey, in the fall of 1860. Daniels and Waggoner opened the first grocery store, in 1866. A wagon shop was put up in 1867, and wagon making was carried on some two years. Daniel Patton established a drug store in 1879. PRESENT BUSINESS. Physicians —H. P Smith, H. A. Murphy. Druggist.—Daniel Patton General Merchants—Henry Berkshire, George Rod- erick, W. R. Newman. Cabinet Muker.—J. C. Hughes. Blacksmiths — C. F. Correll, John Roderick. Dressmakers.—Mrs. H. P. Smith, Mrs. M. RB. New- man, Post Master.— H. P. Smith. The post office was established in 1873, and George D. Barnes was the first post-master. The first school- house (frame) was built in 1856. John Wilgus taught the first school. The present two story, two-room, frame school building was put up in 1872 or 73. The Meth- odist Episcopal Church (frame) was built in 1858, at a cost of $850. The Protestant Methodist (frame) Church was erected at a cost of about $1,000, in 1860. tg spent tr spray pian NR BA sat > aa a PE RE gape Reon PESIDENCE, Stock AND Grain Farm or ANSEL A.GOULD now OCCUPIED By mie SoS % Sony KA BIOS v AARON A.GOULD Sec.32, Tl R/4, (Sacem Precinct) Eowaros Co, /it BELLMONT. WABASH COUNTY. | HIS political division of the county is in the west-central part, and is bounded on the north by Lick Prairie, east by Mt. Carmel, south by Coffee precinct, and west by Ed- wards county and Bonpas creek. It extends east from this creek to the central line of Town 1 south, Range 13 west, and north from the southern line of the north- ern tier of sections of Town 2 south, to the half section line of the second tier of sections from the north, of Town 1 south. It was formerly called Bonpas, the name having been changed to Bellmont in September, 1881. “Bonpas” is composed of the French, “bon,” good, and “pas,” bay or inlet, and means, literally, good bay. The creek that bears this name was so called by French boatmen, whose keel-boats, as they plied the waters of the Wabash in the early spring, found safety from the floating ice in the inlet or bay at its mouth The surface is generally level, and principally elevated Crackles, formerly called Wilson’s and Sloan’s prairies, are low areas of land, and subject to overflow from Bonpas creek. They were formerly wet and marshy, but have been improved, and rendered quite arable and productive by drainage. Fordyce creek flows through the northern part of the precinct, and with the Bonpas, into which it flows, is the principal source of drainage. Timber is abundant, and is constantly being cleared away to make room fur the plow The soil is adapted to the growth of the different cereals, and when cleared of timber is easily cultivated. The Evansville, Louis- ville, and St. Louis railroad extends through the pre- cinet, affording facilities for transportation. The territory of Bellmont precinct was the latest. set- tled portion of the county. Its earliest settlers were one Moturey, Jacob and John Arnold, Staley D. McClure, and Eli Reed, all arriving in the year 1816 Moturey, with his family, settled on the 8. E. 3 of sec tion 24,in Range 14 west. Nothing of importance is remembered concerning him, but his name has a place among the honored few who were brave and hardy enough to become pioneers. Jacob Arnold, a single man, came from Kentucky to the county prior to 1812. In 1818 he married Rebecca Thompson, and settled in section 5, Town 2 south. He was an inveterate hunter, brought down many deer, and captured many a bruin. He is represented in the county by quite a number of descendants. John Arnold, his brother, also came from Kentucky, and brought a family, wife, and three chil- dren, Isaac, James, and Lucinda. He, too, like his brother, was a hunter, and changed his place of abode as advantages for hunting dictated. He moved to Mis- souri, and there died. McClure was also from Ken- tucky, and came to the county prior to the war of 1812. In 1816 he settled in the precinct, on section 28, T. 1 S.R 13 W. Hehad a large family of children, none of whom live in the county. He was a man of some intelligence, and was at one time justice of the peace. His death clused a long career of life, most. of which was spent in the precinct. The year 1818 adds six to the list of immigrants. Among their number was William Wilson, who brought a family, and settled on the S. E. } of section 3, T. 2 S.R 14 W. Here he built his cabin, improved land, and lived to a good old age, dying many years ago. He was a farmer, and also exercised the trade of a tanner. The prairie on which he settled, now called Crackles, furmerly bore his name. It was originally owned by two Englishmen, J. and J. Dunlap. George Wheeler came with Wilson and his family, and settled on the same section. He also was a tanner. He raised a large family, and died on the place of his first settlement. In the same year came William Tanquary, also a Vir- ginian, with his wife and children, Delila, Reuben, Fielden, Mary, Lydia, William, Alfred, and Amelia, and settled on the N. 3 of section 30, T. 1 S. The family had previously lived for some time in Ohio. Mr. Tanquary was a good farmer, and died on the place of his first settlement, at the advanced age of eighty years. Of the children who constituted a part of the pioneer family, William, Alfred, and Rebecca are still living. James, who is a native of the precinct, lives on the old homestead. He has been Associate Judge of the county court for one full, and for one unexpired term. With Tanquary came Jonathan Gilkinson, his son-in-law. He was a farmer and a carpenter, and among the earliest representatives of that trade in the precinct. He had quite a numerous family of children. William Deputy was among the more prosperous far- mers of the precinct to which, with his family, he came in 1818. He settled on the S. E. + of section 21, T. 1 8. R.13 W. He was a man of influence in his com- munity, and held the office of Justice. He had quite a large family of children, and died on his farm at an advanced age. The Riggs were originally from Virginia, but a part 3l9 320 of the family had moved to Kentucky. Robert and Samuel came from the former state in the fall of 1817. Robert settled on the N. W. + of section 32, T. 1 8. R. 13 W., where he lived all his life, and had a large family. Charles, cousin of the former, came from Vir ginia in the spring of 1818, with a family of four sons, Townly, John, Arthur, and Charles, Jr., and settled in Mt. Carmel precinct. John is living in Bellmont, at the age of seventy-seven years. Townley married Phebe Corry, and settled on the S. W. + of section 20, T. 15, where he resided till 1871, when he moved to Kansas. He was among the earliest mechanics, and was the main dependence for repairs in wood. George and James, brothers of Robert and Samuel, arrived from Kentucky about 1819; the former with a family of four sons, Robert, Jefferson, Alfred, aud Harvey, and one daugh- ter, and settled about a mile east of Bellmont, where was his permanent home. James brought three sons, Daniel, Harvey, and Stephen, and settled permanently three miles northeast of the town. Andrew F. Dyar came from Wood county, Va.. in 1820, with a family of five children, Susanna F., Sally R., John D., Elizabeth and Andrew, and settled on the W. # of the 8. E. ¢ of section 8, R. 13 W., where he made improvements and lived till 1828. He then moved to N. W. + of section 2,T.25. R. 13 W., where he lived permanently, and died in 1854. John D., the only survivor of the immi- graot family, lives on a part of the homestead place. In 1822, Joseph Ballard, with a family of three chil- dren, Iri, Asiel, and Jeremiah, now of Bellmont, settled on the S. E. 4 of the 8. E. } of section 32, T. 1 S. R. 13, W. Mr. Ballard was a minister of the New Light persuasion. He died on his farm at the age of sixty- six. A German came to the precinct about 1821 or 722, and settled on section 29. Being a hunter, he fre- quently changed his home. He came in company with Samuel Fettinger, a weaver by trade, and a Methodist exhorter. Rodam Kenner was a Kentuckian. He came to the county as early as 1824, and to the precinct in 1826. He brought a family of five children, Alvin, George, James, William and Bryon. William Hunter came from Kentucky in 1827, brought a wife and four chil- dren, Eliza, Caroline, William and Nancy Jane, and set- tled on the S. E. + of section 24. He was quite ad- vanced in life when he arrived, and died in Wayne county, at the age of 91 years, John Proctor was from Kentucky. He came about the year 1829, and with his wife and children, John, Fanny, Lucinda and Thomas, settled on the E. } of the S. I. + of section 33. He was amechanic of some diversity of talents, as well as a farm- er. He lived to a great old age and died on the place of his first settlement. William Weir, a Virginian, came to the county in 1818. In 1829, he came to what is now Bellmont precinct, and settled in section 17. His children, James, Harvey, Mary and Thomas, were brought along. He was a farmer by occupation, but de- voted much time to hunting. He wasa man of influ- HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. ence, and held the office of county commissioner. He died in 1848. Prominent among the older settlers is A. W. Co- ry, of Bellmont village. Heis a native of New York, and at the age of five years came from that state with his moth- er and step-father, in 1816, and landed at old Palmyra. His arrival in the precinct dates back to 1829. He isa blacksmith by trade, and in his younger days his shop was sought by the farmers for many miles around. He enjoys the confidence of the people of the county, and in 1841 and ’42, he was collector of taxes. He was assessor in 1843, and took the state census for the coun- ty in 1845. He also held the office of justice of the peace for a number of years. Sloan’s prairie took its name from Joseph Sloan, who lived and died within its limits. He came to the precinct, from Kentucky, in 1829, having a family of five children, James, Ephraim, Louisa, John and William. The family are now all dead. John Frair was among the early arrivals in the county, coming some time prior to 1812. In 1829 or ’30, with a family of several children, most of whom are dead, he settled on the S. + of the S. E. 4 of section 13, T. 1, R. 14 W. He was a tanner, and at one time had a tan- yard in Mt. Carmel. The first school teacher was probably Oliver Thrall. In 1828, a school was taught by Alvira Kenner, in sec. 32,T. 18. R. 13 W. The first house built for school purposes stood on the 8. W. + of sec. 18,T.158., and was put up in the year 1837. The earliest justice, whose ju- risdiction embraced the territory of the precinct, was William Tanquary. The earliest marriage was probably that of Jacob Ar- nold and Rebecca Thompson, which dates back to 1818. Townley Rigg and Miss Phcebe Cory were married in 1820. The religious doctrine first propagated among the people was the New Light. The earliest preachers Revs. Joseph Ballard, William Kinkead, Elijah Good- win and Rev. Walson. Rev. Moses Trimble was of the Campbellite or Christian faith, The precinct was rep- resented in the Black Hawk War by Wm. Tanquary, Jr., William Eastwood, Thomas Wier, Harvey Wier and Dr. Thrall. James Strahan was in the Mexican War. Friend’s Grove post-office on the N. E. } of the N. W. + of sec. 21 is the oldest one in the precinct, and was established about twenty-five years ago. William Deputy, the first post-master, was superseded eighteen years ago by the present incumbent, Collins Bredwell. The post-office at Maud, on the N. E. } of sec. 28, R. 13 W., was founded in 1882, Christian Ameter being the first post-master. In this year he began selling goods at this point. The following are the first land entries: Mar. 5, 1816, the S. E. ¢ of sec. 4, R. 13 W., by James Stillwell ; Oct. 25, 1816, the N. E. + of sec. 20, by James Miller; Aug. 1, 1817, the 8. E. 3 of sec. 4, R. 13 W., by Geo. Flowers ; Dec, 8, 1818, the S. E. } of sec. 33, R. 14 W., by George Flowers. BELLMONT. This thrifty and growing town, named in honor of Judge Robert Bell, of Mt. Carmel, was laid out on land PESIDENCE,STOC” ann GRAIN FARMS (aBouT 8004cRES) OF JHN GROFF 2# MILES NORTH OF BELLMONT, WaBaSH CO, /LL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH CO UNTIES, ILLINOIS. 621 of Gett Joachim’s in section 31, and on that of Elisha Brokaw in section 36, the fourteenth meridian extend- ing through the principal street north and south. It was surveyed and platted by Robert Buchanan, county surveyor, and the plat filed for record in the office of the circuit clerk, August 22, 1872. In 1880 it had 213 inhabitants. The first lot was purchased by Mary Crackles and her son Oliver, and Thomas Arnold sold the first goods in a little temporary building in 1872 Shortly after this Harper and Son opened a general store. In the same year the firm of Joachims Bros. be- gan business as general merchants ; Joseph Bare built a blacksmith shop, and Jeremiah Ballard a shop for gen- eral repairs. Ballard also kept the first hotel in 1874. The Bellmont Flouring Mills were built in this year by M. & F. H. See, the present proprietors and operators. The building is a two-and-a-half story, 25x40 feet struc- ture, with shed 23x50 feet, for the engine and cornsheller. It has two run of burrs, and is valued at $4,000. The first school-house, a frame one-room building, 24x36 feet, was put up in 1874, and David Dean was the first teacher, in the same year. The present school-house, a frame two-story six-room structure, was built in the fall of 1881, at a cost of $1,921, exclusive of equipments. H. H Rigg was the contractor and builder, and H. L. Arnold taught the first school. The Congregational church, the oldest in the village, was moved from a point about two miles south, and put up in 1875. The Christian church, built partly of the materials of ano- ther such building that stood about two and a half miles northeast of the village, was erected in 1879 ata cost of about $800. The Methodist Episcopal, a neat frame, 34x60 feet, was built in 1880, at a cost of $1853. PRESENT BUSINESS. Physicians —N. Bristow, C. T. McClain, J. D. Trego. General Stores.--Peter Kirch, E. Joachims, Mann & Lines. Grocers —J. A. Ingram, Elliott Bros. Druggists—T. J. Newsum, J. D. Trego, N. Bristow. Farming Lmplements and Post-Office.—F. C. Manley. Lawyer —-Joseph Bare. Justice —L. B. Baird. Constable-—-P. D. French. Shoemaker.— William Bockhouse. Blacksmiths—Samuel Sawyer, Joseph Bare. Hotel.— Benjamin Weisenberger. Meat Markets.—L. Middleton, W. H. Root. Grain Dealer.—J. 1. Tanquary. Gunsmith —T. Grtathouse. Carpenter and Cabinet maker.—H. H. Rigg. Furniture —W.M. Young. Wagon Maker.—P. D. French. Fruit Nursery.—Ix. C. Rassman. Machinery Agent—W. H. Knowles. ee BIOGRAPHIES. Caprain WILLIAM ULM. THe Ulm family take their name from the following circumstance. There was in the seventeenth century a poor German boy who lived in the city of Ulm. He was placed on board a vessel shipping from one of the German ports. His real name was unknown. The sailors and captain called him Ulm, from the fact that he was from the city of that name. He adopted the name, and in course of time came to America and set- tled in Virginia, on the south branch of the Potomac. He there married and reared a family of seven sons and one daughter. Six of the sons became soldiers in the revolutionary war, and fought through the entire strug- gle. The sister married Sergt. Champ, who, as history records, was selected by Washington to undertake the perilous adventure of capturing Arnold after he had betrayed the patriot cause and gone over to the British. He made the attempt, penetrated the enemy’s lines, and was only prevented from carrying out the orders of . Washington and seizing the traitor, by the removal of the latter on the night when his capture was to be at- 42 tempted. Of the sons of Mr. Ulm was Matthias, who was the seventh, and grandfather of the subject of this sketch. He was born, reared, and died in Virginia. Hig son Edward, father of Captain Ulm, was born on the south branch of the Potomac, Va.,in 1784. He removed to Ohio with the Rennix family, who, in their day, were largely engaged in the cattle trade. Edward Ulm set- tled in Ross county, and there remained until 1820, when he came west to Lllinois, and settled in Mt. Car- mel. Five years later, he moved to what is known as the Chapman place, in the vicinity of Mt. Carmel. In 1862 he went to Wayne county, and lived with his son Daniel, and there died in 1874, in the ninetieth year of his age. He married Katie Nathan, who was the daugh- ter of Nicholas Nathan. He was a German by birth, and a soldier in the army of Cornwallis. At the sur- render of the British forces at Yorktown, he refused to accept the exchange, but declared his intention to be- come an American citizen. He settled in Virginia, where he married, and moved to Ohio; and his daugh- ter Katie was born in Ross county in 1879. She died in 822 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Wabash county, Illinois, in 1859. There were nine children who grew to maturity, the offspring of the union of Edward and Katie Ulm. William, the subject of this sketch, is the fifth in the family. He was born in Ross county, Ohio, Oct. 21, 1814, and was but six years old when the family came to Illinois. He grew up on his father’s farm, and remained at home until he mar- ried. He then engaged in farming and milling, and remained in Mt. Carmel! and vicinity until 1872, when he came to Lick prairie and settled on section 36, where he still resides. On the 29th December, 1836, he was married to Miss Hester M., daughter of Neil and Hester Campbell. They were natives of Kentucky and of Scotch descent. Mrs. Ulm died in 1844, leaving five children, four of whom reached maturity. Harriet was the -wife of Victor Wood. She died leaving four chil- dren. Sarah Ann married Nelson Wood and left seven children. William Edward was a soldier in the late war. He was a member of Co. I of the 40th Regt. Illinois Volunteers, and was killed at the battle of Mission Ridge. Samuel Neil was also a member of the same company and regiment, and was killed in the charge at Kenesaw Mountains. After the déath of his first wife, Mr. Ulm married Elizabeth Payne. She died in the spring of 1854. On the 27th of July, 1854, he married Miss Sarab, daughter of James and Mary Glenn (Pritchet) Campbell. Her father was a native of Ten- nessee, and her mother from Virginia. Mrs. Ulm was born in Wilson county, Tenn., Oct. 11, 1837. By her marriage with Mr. Ulm, there have heen ten children, seven of whom are living. Their names in the order of their birth are: Benjamin C., who married Ida Root ; they have twochildren; Mary E., wife of Nelson Wood; Hester M., wife of William Tiffany, who has one child; George W., Matthew S., Frances Rose and Daniel Ulm. Mr. and Mrs Ulm are members of the M.E. church. Mr. Ulm was regularly ordained a minister of that religious organization in 1860 by Bp. Simpson at Bunker hill, Ills. Mr. Ulm, as shown above, comes of revolutionary and patriotic stock. The love of country, and veneration and respect for the institutions of the best government the world ever saw, is as strong in him as ever thrilled the heart of an American citizen. He gave his two sons—his eldest born—to be sacrificed upon the altar of patriotism. They died at the head of the column, charging the enemy, and fell with their faces to the foe. Nor did he only send his sons to the front when the Union was threatened, but with characteristic prompt- ness, before the reverberatiors of the first gun fired at Sumter—and whose echoes awakened the slumbering patriotism of the North—had died away, he shouldered his musket and enrolled as a private in Co. I of the 32d Regt. Illinois Volunteers, At the organization of the company he was elected Second Lieutenant. He re- mained in active service up to and including the battle of Shiloh. In that desperate engagement his command occupied the center. The Union forces were shattered and driven back. His company lost heavily. While falling back before superior numbers, he was wounded, being struck by no less than seven balls. He fell, and the enemy, flushed with apparent victory, passed over him. He lay upon the battle-field from two o’clock, P.M. until seven o’clock next morning. Twice more the enemy passed over him and his wounded comrades. He determined to get off the battle-field. Several of the bullets had entered his hips and back, and when he at- tempted to rise, he learned, for the first time, that his lower limbs were paralyzed; but, nothing daunted, he crawled along, dragging his limbs for some distance. This process of locomotion was slow, and, fearing that his strength would fail before aid could be reached, he improvised a pair of crutches. He found a stout stick, about the proper length that would do for one,—and, in looking around, found another, but, unfortunately, it was too long. How to reduce it to the proper length was the query. It was too stout to break, and he had no knife; but, happily, he recollected that he had good sound teeth. He set to work gnawing it, and in the course of an hour had it in a condition to break. Prop- ping himself against a tree, he mounted the crutches,— his limbs barely supporting his weight when standing erect,—and by their aid succeeded in reaching the Union lines. He informed the soldiers of the condition of his comrades, whom he had left, and they were immediately succored and rescued from a slow, torturing death on the battle-field. Lieut. Ulm was sent to the hospital, and on the 3d of Sept., 1862, was honorably discharged. He still bears in his body two bullets ds souvenirs of the enemy’s regard. After his return home, and during the last years of the war, he was commissioned by Governor Yates as Captain in the Home Guards. Politically, Captain Ulm is a sound Republican. Hon. JOHN GROFF. Ons of the leading and representative men of Wabash county is the subject of the following sketch. He was born in Germany, Hesse Casel on the Rhine, Oct. 11th, 1826. His parents, John Frederick and Anna Mary (Baum) Groff, emigrated to America in 1841. They came direct to Wabash county, Illinois, and purchased two hundred acres of land in section 18, township 18., range 13 west, for which Mr Groff paid eight hundred francs, or seven hundred and sixty dollars in United States currency. There was a small log house on the place, and about forty acres of the land was cleared. There he lived and continued the improvement of the farm until his death, which occurred June 3d, 1849. His wife survived him and died in March, 1858. Thre were ten children by that union, John, the subject of this sketch, is the third in the family. His father being in feeble health after his arrival in this country, and John being the oldest son at home, the work of running the farm devolved upon him,—consequently, he had little opportunities for receiving an English education. But his natural good sense has, perhaps, been of more real value to him than any information he could JOHN GROFF Mrs. HARRIET GROFF HISTORY OF ED WARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 323 have obtained from books In 1849 Mr. Groff com- menced life for himself. He purchased eighty acres of land in section 19 in same town, for which he paid $200. He built thereon a small log house, and lived there until 1860, when he purchased the homestead where he now lives, and in 1866 erected the large and commodious brick farm-house, a view of which can be seen on another page, and there he still resides. Mr. Groff is one of the most successful farmers in Wabash county, and has a large body of fine land (nearly 800 acres), all well im- proved and in a good state of cultivation. lation of this property has been effected through the exercise of patient industry and rigid economy on the part of Mr. Groff, assisted and aided by his excellent and amiable wife. On the 30th of September, 1849, he married Miss Harriet, daughter of Benjamin F. and Mary (Bratten) Gard. She was born in Bonpas precinct, Wabash county, Illinois, March 14, 1829. Seth Gard, her pater- nal grandfather, was one of the first settlers in Wabash county, and a prominent man in his day. He was a member of the Territorial Legislature in 1817, and a member of the First Constitutional Convention that as- sembled at Kaskaskia in 1818. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Groff eleven children. Their names in the order of their birth are: Benjamin F., born August 29th, 1850; he married Miss Harriet Ellen Ingram; they have had five children whose names are: Benja- min P., John F. (dead), Minnie M., Lewis L., Eddie E. and Lula Medora. John Frederick Groff, born Jan. 29th, 1853, married Margaret L. Brines; they have had five children, whose names are: Harriet Maria, Rosa B., John L. (dead), William L., Carrie M. (dead). Mary Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Groff, is the wife of John T. Davis; they have four children, whose names are: Harriet A., William P., John L. and Nora Belle Davis. Anna Margaret was born Sept. 3d, 1856, and married George H. Rigg; they have three children, named Harriet E., Laura B. and Lewis Sher- man Rigg. Frances Elmira, born August 23d, 1858, is the wife of H. M. Cowling; they have two children, named William L. and Caroline. Perry Allen, born Feb. 25, 1860. Alfred died in infancy. Harriet Me- dora, born Feb. 17, 1863; William Albert, born Dec. 23d, 1864; Lewis E., born June 9th, 1867 ; and Flora Viola, born March 4, 1872. Politically, Mr. Groff is a Democrat. He served one term on the Board of Com- missioners of the county, and while in that position gave excellent satisfaction to his constituents. Such, in brief, is an outline sketch of the life of Judge Groff. He came here a stranger in a strange land, with no influential friends to back him; but by his energy, tact, and strong common sense, has risen, in a few short years, to be one of the leading agriculturalists of southern Illinois. The strong characteristics of the sturdy German people, which are economy, industry and honesty, are marked in him. In the neighborhood, and among the The accumv- | people who know him best, it is said of him that he is a good, honorable citizen, a kind neighbor and friend, and a man whose word is as good as his bond. HENRY H. RIGG Was born May 27th, 1842. His grandfather, Charles Rigg, was a native of West Virginia. He came to Illi- nois in 1818, and settled in Wabash county, where he died in the year 1842. His son John, father of Henry, was born in West Virginia, March 8d, 18U5, and was in his thirteenth year when the family came west. He has remained a citizen of Wabash county from that time to the present, except for a short time in 1854, when he was in Wisconsin. John Rigg married Mary Hunter, a na- tive of Kentucky. She was a resident of Wabash county at the time of her marriage. She died March 4, 1864. Mr. Rigg subsequently married Mrs. Middleton, and, after her death, married his third and present wife, who was the Widow Baird. By the first marriage there were eight children, four of whom are living. Henry H., the subject of this sketch, is next to the youngest. He was raised on the farm, and was thus engaged when the war broke out. He enlisted for three years in Co. G, of the 48th Regiment Illinois Volunteers. His enlistment dates from October, 1861. He remained in the service and veteranized with his regiment, was mustered out and honorably discharged in August, 1865. He entered as a private, and was mustered out as second sergeant. The 48th Illinois was a part of the 16th Army Corps, and subsequently became a part of the 15th. He par- ticipated with his regiment in the battles of Forts Don- ‘elson and Henry, Shiloh, the Vicksburg and Atlanta campaigns, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea. He was wounded on the 22d of July at the siege of Atlanta. He rejoined the army at Beaufort, 8. C. He returned home and engaged in farming, in which he continued until April, 1871, when he came to Bellmont and commenced the business of builder, and erected the second house in the village. In 1879, he added un- dertaking to the business of builder. On the 29th Sep- tember, 1864, when at home on leave of absence, on ac- count of wounds, he married Miss Rachel J. Risley, daughter of Jeremiah and Jane Risley. She died April 7,1877. Subsequently he married Mary E. Davis, who died Oct. 3d, 1879, leaving one child. His present wife was Miss Jennie A. Hill, born in Licking county, Ohio. The child of the second marriage is named Guy C. Rigg. Mr. Rigg and wife are members of the M. E. Church. Politically, he is a Republican. GEORGE C. EWALD. Joun Ewa p, the father of George C. Ewald, was born in Germany, April 30th, 1816. On the Ist of January, 1849, he married Anna Catherine Mergle. She was the daughter of Conrad Mergle, who was a forester. Mr. Ewald left Germany in 1860 and emi- grated to America, landing in New Orleans in May of the same year. He came up the river to Wabash county, \ 824 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. and bought one hundred and eighty acres of land in section 82, of Bellmont township, and here he has lived until the present. There are two sons born to Mr. and Mrs. Ewald. George C. was born February 22d, 1857, and John William in 1850, and one daughter named Paulina. who is the wife of Thomas Newsand, of Bell- mout. George C. was a mere lad when his parents came to America. He grew up on the farm, and attended the public schools in the winter months, and therein received a fair English education. On the 19th of August, 1880, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Jane, daughter of Jacob Seylar. She was born in Mt. Carmel towuship, Wabash county, Tllinois, There are two children, the fruits of that union, whose names are Juhn Jacob and Ida Ewald. Politically the family are Democrats. Mr. Ewald is a member of Eureka Grange. He belongs to the progressive race of mcn, and is liberal, and a patron of every enterprise that has for its object the prosperity or good of his locality or county. DR. C. T. McCLANE Was born in what was formerly known as Bonpas pre- cinct, Wabash county, July 23, 1845. Thomas McClane his grandfather, was born in the north of Ireland. He emigrated to America, and in 1812 settled in Kentucky, and in 1818 came to Illinois and settled at Rochester Mills on the Wabash river, in Wabash county, and there died in 1850. He had a son named Charles, father of Dr. McClane, who was porn in Maryland, in 1806. He came with his father to Iilinois in 1818. He here mar- ried and located on Bald Hill Prairie, and from there moyed toa place known as Kitchen’s Bridge in Bell- mont precinct, and there lived and carried on farming until he came to the village of Bellmont, where he died in February, 1883. He married Louisa, daughter of Joseph and Mary (Hamilton) Sloan, a native of Ken- tucky. She died in 1856. He subsequently married Mrs. Anna McClain. There was no offspring of the latter marriage. By the first there were nine children, four of whom are living. Dr. C. T. is the eighth in the family. He spent his youth upon the farm, working in the summer months and attending the public schools of his neigkborhood in the winter. He remained at home until he reached his twenticth year, then married and farmed. He had determined to adopt the profession of medicine as the business of his life, and therefore pur- chased the standard medical works and commenced the study. He also pursued his studies ander the direction of Dr. Strahan, of New Hope, and commenced the prac- tice in Lick Prairie. In 1877 he entered the Kelectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1878, with the degree of M. D. He contin- ued his practice in Lick Prairie for four years. In 1876 he removed to the village of Bellmont, and there he has continued to the present. His practice has grown large and lucrative. Asa practitioner he has had much suc- cess in the treatment of diseases incident to this climate and locality. On the 3d of September, 1863, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary C, daughter of Lee Allen and Elizabeth (Wells) Kitchen. Mrs. McClane was born in New Hope, Edwards county, of which county her parents were old and prominent settlers. Her paternal grandfather was a native of South Caro- lina. There have been six children born to Mr. and Mrs. McClane, five of whom are living. Their names in the order of their birth are Eldridge, Logan, Norma Otto, Roy Dale, Jean and infant not yet named. Both the Doctor and his estimable wife are members of the Christian church. Politically Dr. McClane votes the Democratic ticket. In the spring of 1878 he was elected one of the school directors of Bellmont, and through his labors and energy, the present system of graded schools was established in the village of Bellmont. He is a wide-awake, active and enterprising citizen, and gives encouragement to any and all enterprises that have for their object the increase of the material wealth or prosperity of the town or county. SAMUEL FREEMAN Is a native of Butler county, Ohio, where he was born October 6, 1809. John Freeman, his father, was born July 4th, 1776, near Monmouth, in New Jersey, He removed to Ohio, in December, 1797. , The trip was made through Pennsylvania over the mountains in wagons. They stopped at the mouth of the Big Sandy and built a boat, and in it floated down the river. His wife and himself with one child named Johanna, who was born on the boat as they came down the Ohio river, landed at the frontier village of Cincinnati. They wintered on Mill Creek, eight miles north of Cincinnati, at a point known as White Station. The following spring they moved to Sims’ Purchase, which land Jay between the Miami rivers, and there located. His maternal grandfather had purchased 800 acres of the above named tract, and divided it among his children. Mr. Freeman’s part of the land lay at the head waters of Mill creek. There the old pioneer lived in Hamilton, Butler county, until his death, which occurred ‘in the eighty-fourth year of his age. He was a soldier in the Indian wars from 1812 until their close. He married Elizabeth Seward, daughter of Samuel Seward, of New Jersey. They were closely related to the Seward family of New York, of which William H. was a conspicuous member, She died in 1828, leaving five children. Samuel, the subject of this sketch, is the only survivor of that family. He was born in the pioneer era of the west, and received but a limi‘ed education, which at best was confined to the subscription schools of that period, presided over and taught by muscular Irishmen, whose chief recommendation for the place was their ability to wield the birch. Therein he learned to read, write and cipher, which accomplishment made the sum total of his early education. At the age of nineteen he left home and went to work in a brick yard in Cincin- HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 325 nati, and remained there two seasons, then teamed for a while, and then went to work on the public works of the State. In 1851 he came to Illinois, and sccured the contract to build the earth work, tie and lay the track of the air line railroad from Louisville, New Albany, Mt. Carmel and Alton, Illinois. The failure of the con- Aractors threw Mr. Freeman out and he lost heavily in the enterprise. He then engaged in farming on the -Deputy farm in Coffee township, and rented land in that vicinity, and continued there until the 1st of Janu- ary, 1864, where he purchased 146 acres in section 6, T. 15S., 13 west, and there he has lived and added to his original purchase until he has now 390 acres of fine tillable land, all of which is now under cultivation. In 1838 he was united in marriage to Matilda Bolander, of Warren county, Ohio. She died in March, 1860, leav- ing six children. The names of the children in the order of their birth are Wallace A., who was a member of Co. I of the 115th Regiment, Ill. Vols., during the late war. He married Ella E. Stevenson, of Xenia, Ohio. Elizabeth, yet at home. Thomas, the second son, was also a member of the same company and regi- ment as Wallace A., and was killed at the battle of Chickamauga. Samuel D. married Emma Mayne, of Springfield, Ohio. Sarah J. is the wife of Robert Fenton, of Burnt Prairie, in White county, Illinois. Benjamin A. married Hattie Greathouse. Charlotte is yet under the parental roof. In November, 1862, Mr. Freeman married Mrs. Sarah Rotrammel, nee Johnson, of Sullivan county, Indiana. Both Mr. and Mrs. Freeman are members of the M E. Church. Politi- cally Mr. Freeman was originally a Democrat, and sustained that political organization until 1864, when being a strong Union man, and in favor of the speedy suppression of the rebellion, he joined the Republican party, and from that time to the present has uniformly voted that ticket. He helped to organize, and was one of the charter members and first Worshipful Master of the Mt. Carmel Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and still holds his membership with that lodge. Mr. Freeman during the last thirty years has followed the quiet and peacful life of a farmer and stock raiser. In the latter business be has devoted considerable time and paid considerable attention to the breeding of stock, particularly the Poland china breed of swine, and in it has been quite successful. WILLIAM BOCKHOUSE Was born in Hanover, Germany, April 19, 1836. His parents, Henry and Elizabeth (Dick) Bockhouse, emigrated to America in 1848, and settled in Auglaize county, Ohio, and there engaged in the wholesale grocery business. He died January 3d, 1875. His wife still survives, and is a resident of the above named county. William, is the third in a family of six children, all of whom are living. He learned the trade of shoemaking, and worked at the trade in Wisconsin, Chicago and other places. In 1856 he went to Murphysboro, in Jackson county, Illinois, and took the management of a shoe shop. and continued there until the late war broke out, when on the 2d of September, 1861, he enlisted in Co. G of the 2d Ills. Cavalry. The regiment rendezvoused at Golconda, from there went to Paducah, Ky., then to Cairo, Ils., and then on a scout as far as Columbus, Ky. The regiment was employed scouting up to the battle of Holly Springs, and from there went to Memphis, ard in the spring was with Grantin the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and soon after went to New Orleans, where he was discharged on account of sickness. He came up the river and soon after went back to Ohio, where fur two years he re- mained before he wasable to work. In the fall of 1865, he came to West Salem, in Edwards county, Ill., and stayed there until 1871, then moved to his farm in Wabash county, and six years later came to Bellmont, opened a shoemaker shop, and has continued there until the present. On the 18th of September, 1867, he was united in marriage to Miss Susan M. Bearrier, a native of North Carolina, daughter of Solomon and Elizabeth (Sink) Bearrier. There is one child living named Altha Bockhouse. His wife is a member of the Congregation- alist Church. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and belongs to Lodge No. 500, of Parkersburg, Rich- land county. He is a Republican in politics. FRANK C. MANLEY, Was born in what is now known as Bellmont precincts Wabash county, Illinois, July 29th, 1844. The family on the paternal side were natives of Vermont, and from there emigrated to Muskingum county, Ohio, and settled near Zanesville. There Benjamin F. Manley lived until 1842, when he came to Illinois and took up his residence in Wabash county. His wife dying in 1854, he went north to Logan county, in this state, and there died some years later. He married Julia Ford, a native of New Jersey. The Fords removed to Ohio, and there married Mr. Manley. By that marriage there were three sons, one of whom was Francis Perry Manley, the father of the subject of this sketch. He was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, and came with his father to Illinois in the year above mentioned. Here he followed farming for a few years, and in 1854 read medicine with Dr. Paul Sears, of Mt. Carmel, and followed the practice of medi- cine until his death, which took place Dec. 18th, 1862. He married Maria, daughter of James Wiley. He was a soldier of the war of 1812, and came to Wabash county, Illinois, with Dr. Baker, for whom he worked one year after his arrival in Illinois, in order to pay him back expenses incurred bringin g him from New Jersey. Mrs. Manley was born near Gard’s Point, in this county. She died in April, 1862, leaving four children, whose names are Laura, wife of William Hamilton, the subject of this sketch; Alfred P. and Dr. Paul G. Manley. Frank ©. had but slight opportunities for receiving 326 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. such an education as usually falls to the lot of most boys. Being the eldest of the sons, the labor of providing for the support of the young ones, after the death of his parents, devolved upon him. He taught school for a short time, then engaged in farming, in which he con- tinued six or seven years, also teaching in the winter months. In 1875, he moved to the town of Bellmont, and for ten months clerked in a store. In 1877, he pur- chased a grocery store, and continued in that business until Nov., 1879, then sold out, and in the spring of 1880 formed a partnership with W. H. Knowles, in the agricultural implement business, which continued until July 26th, 1882, since which time he has continued the business alone. In 1878 he was appointed post-master. He served several years and then resigned. On the 5th of January, 1883, he was re-appointed. On the 22d of August, 1868, he married Miss Louisa M., daughter of Alanson W. and Louisa (Hunter) Cory. Mrs. Manley was born in this precinct, in 1843. Five children have been born to them, four of whom are living. Their names are Addis, Nora Olive, Lenard, and Bertha. Both Mr. and Mrs. Manley are members of the M. E. church. Politically he has uniformly voted the Re- publican ticket. He was elected justice of the peace, but resigned one year after his election. It may be stated that Mr. Man- ley worked two years in the printiug business. In 1863 he was in the office of E. L. Merritt, of Salem, Illinois. Not liking the business he abandoned it after two years trial. HERNY PARMENTER, Was born in Centerville, Wabash county, Illinois, Oct. 5th, 1828. Isaac Parmenter, his father, was a native of New York, and came west when a young man, soon after the state was admitted to the union. He was a suldier of the war of 1812, and held the position of colonel, and was wounded in one of the battles. He was also a soldier in the Black Hawk war, and was an officer. While on duty placing the guard, he was accidentally shot through the leg by a soldier. He was for many years a leading and prominent man in this locality. He was sheriff of Edwards county before Wabash was erected, and also of Wabash county after it was formed. He owned a farm, and his sons operated it while he was in his official position. | He was by trade a carpenter and builder, and also a millwright, and built mills through- out this section of the state. When he came to Illinois he settled in Centerville, which was the county seat of Wabash. He died in 1869. He married Sarah Utter, daughter of Major Henry Utter, who was born in New Jersey, and came with her parents to Illinois in 1817, and settled at Bald Hill prairie. She died in 1845, leaving three sons and three daughters, all living, except Adin, the eldest son. He was a soldier in the late war, and a member of the 80th Regt. Ind. Vols., and was killed at the battle of Perryville. After the death of his wife, Mr. Parmenter married Mrs. Doretha H. Beau- champ, by which union there were four children. Mrs. Parmenter is yet living. Henry Parmenter is the third in the fumily by the first marriage. He was three years old when his parents removed to Bald Hill prairie, and there grew up on the farm. In the winter months he attended the subscription schools of his neighborhood. He remained at home until his twenty-second year, when he engaged in farming in the same neighborhood, He purchased one hundred acres which he kept four years, then sold it, and in 1858 bought one hundred and fifty- two acres in section 5, township 2, range 13 west. It was only slightly improved, with no buildings on it ex. cept a small log cabin, and a few acres cleared. There he has lived, cleared the farm, erected the fine build- ings, which ornament the place, and improved it, and there he still continues to reside. On the 4th of August, 1854, he was united in marriage to Miss N. J. Putman, daughter of Eber and Tryphosia Putman, old settlers of Illinois and Wabash county, Her family were originally from Massachusetts, and from there removed to Ohio, then to Indiana, and in 1818 came to Illinois. Mrs. Parmenter was born in Wabash county, March 18th, 1830. There have been seven children born to Mrs. Parmenter, six of whom are living. Lester, one of the sons, was accidentally killed at the age of fourteen years. The names of the children in the order of their birth are Adin T., who married Miss Mary Alice Bristow, and have two children; Lettie A., Sarah, Merriam, Henry, and William Franklin Par- menter. Mrs. Parmenter and two eldest daughters are members of the Christian church. Politically the family were originally old line Whigs, then Republicans. Mr. Parmenter votes the Republican ticket on all National and State occasions. Mr. Parmenter is one of the substantial farmers of Wabash county. He is an old settler, born and bred in Wabash county. Here where he has lived among these people who know him best, he is regarded as a straight- forward wide awake energetic and honorable business man, conducting his business on correct principles. He has also lately been interested in constructing ditches for the purpose of draining the low lands in the county. RESIDENCE AND STOCK FARM OF BLASHEL FOSTER, 44 MILE WEST OF WEST SALEM, EOWAROS C O./LL. BRIDGEPORT. u LAWRENCE Co. HIS township is bounded on the north by Petty, east by Lawrence and Dennison, south by Lukin, ard west by Christy township, and comprises an area of about fifteen sections. It was or- ganized as a voting precinct, in 1872, by taking two and a half sections frem the east side of Christy. It was first settled by Kentuckians, and the first to locate here were Samuel H. and his brother, Rezin Clubb; they came and settled on the Old Indian trace, in 1817, on the southeast quarter of ecction 12, township 3—13, where famuel H. erected a cabin for his family. Sam. uel H. was born in the year 1788, and came here with his wife at the date above mentioned. Soon after, con- elderable in migration began, and Mr. Clubb enlarged his cabin and opeued an inn, and entertained travelers for several years, and his house became quite a noted place. Among other pioneers, soon after the laying out out of the county seat, he moved there and became county treasurer, and subsequently laid out Clubb’s addition to the town. He also represented the county in the legislature of the state. Mr. Clubb was three times married and left four children. Henry A. Clubb, Deputy County Clerk, is the only son living. Mr. Clubb died March 28th, 1863. Rezin Clubb lived but a short time in this county, moving farther west and settling on land afterward included in Richland county, where he reared a family, some of whom are yet living. On the 18th of April, 1818, James Lanterman, a Kentuckian, arrived; he settled with his family on section 17, (T. 3 —12). He made the trip here in an old Virginian wagon drawn by six horses. His father-in-law, Hugh Drennen, had come to the county the year prior, and entered 160 acres of land for each of his children. When Mr. Lant- erman came, he found an old Indian with his squaw and three children, who had an elm-bark camp on this tract, which they were occupying. He soon made a trade with the Indian, and for a quart of whisky and a half side of bacon, the camp was purchased, and the Indian with his little family, left never to return again. The camp was moved a short distance, to a small elevation of ground, and a canvas tent placed near it; the old bark tent was used for a kitchen and the tent and large cov- ered wagon for sleeping apartments. Jt was here they made their residence, until after their crop had been planted, and a log-cabin was completed, into which the family moved on the 8d of July. Mr. Lanterman’s family consisted of himself and wife, whose name was Jane, and their children, Lettie, David D. and Margaret, who were then quite small; besides, there was Robert Drennen, Richard McCann, and another young man. James Lanterman wasa good and useful citizen, he died in the year 1861, in the village of Bridgeport. Of those of his family who came with him, his son, David D., is the only one now living. He is still a resident of Bridge. port, hale and hearty, and delights in relating incidents and anecdotes of the olden times. In the year 1817, Nathan Rawlings settled on section 8. He was a Ken- tuckian, and a man of large family. His sons were Provence, Nathan, James and Scott. They all subse- quently married and continued to reside in the county. They are now all deceased, but some of their descendants still survive. The elder Rawlings was a noted hunter in his day, and was quite a champion in all athletic sports. Henry Bennett, an Ohioan, came here in the ‘fall of 1817, and settled on the N. E. quarter of section 17, almost within the present limits of the town of Bridge- port. He reared a small family and died about the year 1828, soon after which his wife and family returned to Ohio. William Martin, a Yankee, as the early settlers termed him, also came in the year 1817. He located with his family on section 18, where he erected a cabin, tilled some ground and lived for about ten years, and then left the county. His father, John Martin, resided with him until his death, which occurred a few years after he came. Thomas Fish, a native of the state of Vermont, settled on the southwest quarter of section 18, in the year 1818—the same year that Ilinois was ad- mitted into the Union asa State. His family consisted of himself, wife, and three children, Sally, Josiah and John. The latter is still living on the old homestead, and is among the oldest residents of the county. Samuel Newell, a Virginian by birth, came to the county as early as 1816; first stopped on Allison's prairie for a year or two, where he made a farm; he then removed to section 8, T. 8—12, where he erected a cabin and made other improvements, and lived until his death, which occurred about the year 1854. He had a large family of children, only three of whom are now living in the county, viz: Mrs. William Cooper, Mrs. T. A. Martin and Samuel. Another son, John A. lives in Kansas and is over seventy years of age. Samuel resides on the old home place. James Stewart, a Tennesseean, was also another early settler, arriving in 1817. Early Schools and Churches.—The first school was 327 328 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LA WRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. taught by John Martin, on section 18, in a little log- cabin, in the year 1819. Among the scholars were David D. Lanterman, Lettie Lanterman, the Miller children and the Fish children. In a year or two, 1820- 21; a log school-house, with greased paper windows, was built on the southwest corner of section 17, T. 3--12, near which was built a hewed log church by the “New Lights,” (Christians) about the same time, which were known as the Spring Hill church and school-house, so named on account of there being a perennial spring near by. William Kinkaid was the earliest resident preacher in the neighborhood. Among the traveling preachers were, Rev. James Hughes, John_ Rogers, David Mc Donald and Elijah Gooden. A burial ground was started here, and the first person interred therein was James Flanigan. Mrs. Ealsa Miller, a widow with eight children, (she was a daughter of Samuel Kinkaid), came with her father and brothers, Hugh and William, in the spring of 1819. She settled on the N. E. quarter of section 20. (T. 8—12), where she reared her family. Josephus M. Miller, her son, born in Kentucky in 1809, has always live on the old homestead, and is well-known as among the older residents of the county. It is related that when Mrs. Miller came, during a part of the years 1819-20, a band of about five hundred Shawnee Indians were camped on the Indian creek, in this township. They were on a hunting expedition and did not molest the few and scattered settlements. The Indians were accompanied by their squaws and children. Thesettlers would frequently congregate at the camp of the Indians for purposes of barter, and to witness the antics and various other amusements of the papooses. John Scott, a Kentuckian and a Christian preacher, settled on section 19, in 1817, he continued to reside there about five years, with his family—then they removed to one of the centre counties bordering on the Illinois river. Barney McMann came in 1817 and settled west of Bridgeport; he was soon after taken sick, and died. After this date, settlers came in quite rapidly and the county became more thickly populated. Land entries: On the 30th of July, 1816, Samuel Newell entered the N. half of section 8, (T. 83—12), and August 12th, 1816, Nathan Rawlings entered the E. half of 8. W quarter of section 8, (T. 3—12.) June 10th, 1817, Cornelius Vanarsdale entered N, I. quarter sec- tion 82, (T. 4—12); Aug. 13th, 1817, W. French and T. Roseman, S. W. quarter section 32, (T. 4—12); Oct. 30th, 1817, James Stewart, S. E. quarter section 12, (T. 4—12); Samuel Clubb entered the 8S. E. quarter section 12, (T. 3—13) on the 12th of May, 1818, and the same day and year, May 12th, 1818, William Martin entered the N. E. quarter of section 13, (T. 8—I8). Frequently the settlers would ‘‘Squat”’ on the land and make an improvement, and live on it for a time before entering the tract. The following gentlemen have represented this town- ship in the board of supervisors. The township was organized at the September term, 1872, and the first supervisor was M. E. Barnes, 1873, David D. Lanterman, 1874, by re-election held the otfice until 1879. G. A. Abernathy, 1879, and by re-election held the office four terms, until 1883; Hyatt W. Bunn, elected in 1883, is the present incumbent. Stiver's Mineral Springs, located about one and a half miles southwest from Bridgeport, are gaining some pop- ularity. The waters are strongly impregnated with valuable medical properties, to the curative effect of which many can testify. They are situated in a beautiful grove of natural trees, and the surrounding scenery is pleasant and interesting. A hotel and bath-houses have been erected, and other conveniences made for the en- tertainment and comfort of the guests. Moses Stivers is the proprietor. TOWN OF BRIDGEPORT Is located’on parts of sections 8-9, (T. 83—12), on the line of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. The original proprietors were David D. Lanterman and Aaron Shaw. They had the town laid out and platted by Walter Bu- chanan, County Surveyor, in the summer of 1854. During the building of the O. & M. R. R., the company erected five or six shanties on the north side of the road, (which have since been torn down), and John Burk, one of the foremen, named it Bridgeport, from the bridge crossing Indian creek at this point, and a year later, when the town was laid out, the name was continued. Samuel Thorn erected a frame one-story store building, just north of the railroad, which is still standing on what is now the west side of Main street. He put ina general stock of goods. In 1854,G. W. Cooper, jr. built a small frame store-house on the lot where now stands the Centennial Hotel. It was the first business house erected after the town was platted. In the spring of 1854, George Schreck erected a small log-house on 2d street, between Main and Jefferson, which was the first residence in the town. About the time of the completion of the above, several parties began the erection of resi- dences and stores, and during the remainder of the year ten or a dozen were completed. Among the parties who erected buildings, were George W. Cooper, sr., George W. Cooper, jr., Philip Guines, Henry Guines, James Lanterman, John and Jerre Hill. Jackson Lamott built the first hotel, in 1858. The town kept on growing until the fall of 1861, when a fire broke out in the centre of the business block, on the west side of Main street and destroyed the whole block. Within a year or two the buildings were replaced, only to be again destroyed by fire about twelve years later. The block was again re- placed with larger and more durable buildings, this time with substantial brick structures. The first resident physician was Dr. Samuel Hayes. He is still practicing here. Samuel L. Spencer was the first blacksmith. About the year 1870 the town reached its most pros- HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. perors condition. It then had a pork packing establish- ment and other enterprises and industries flourished here, which attracted the citizens from several miles of the surrounding country, and the place became quite a business centre for trade with the farmers. It was a rival of Lawrenceville for the county seat, for which a vote of the people of the county was taken, the majority vote, however, was in favor of retaining the county seat at Lawrenceville. Corporation. Bridgeport was incorporated by special act of the Legislature, Feb. 16th, 1865, by the name and style of ‘The Town of Bridgeport.” The government being vested in five trustees, to be elected by the voters of the town, on the first Monday in April, of each year; also to elect one Police Magistrate, and town Constable. The corporate trustees were M. D. Frazier, Gideon Schleuker, Lyman Utter, G. W. Cooper, jr., and William Lockwood. The present board at this writing, (March, 1883), are John A. Baird, president of the board, Theo. Smith, Martin Eshelman, B F. Watson and Adolph Schmalhausen. Carl Busse, Clerk and Police Magis- trate. William Gray, Constable. Early Churches.—The first house of worship erected in the town, was by the Christian denomination, about the year 1858. At the present writing, there are a Christian, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Catholic, all substantial buildings. Early Schools—The first school-house was a frame building, erected in the northwest part of the town, in 1860. It was used until the present commodious brick struc- ture was erected, in 1881, at a cost of upward of $4000. Bridgeport City Mills, was built by J. L. Coleman, about twenty-five years ago. The present proprietors are J. D. Sage & Son. They purchased the mill in 1873, It is a three-story building, operated by steam, and con- tains three run of burrs, one set of rolls and two purifiers, 829 and is both a custom and merchant mill. “Sages Pride” and several other brands find a ready market in Cincin- nati, besides many local points. Capacity, 100 barrels per twenty four hours. Lodge.—A Masonic lodge was organized here a short time since, and is in a flourishing condition. PRESENT BUSINESS. General Stores.—Casper Pixley, and Warner Bros. Druggists.—L. R. Schmalhausen, F. Frazier, and G. W. Cooper. Groceries.--Schmalhausen & Co., Jacob Schleuker, G. C. Schleuker, C. Busse. Hardware and Groceries—W. C. Fyffe. Stoves and Tinware—H. Schmalhausen. Agricultural Implement Dealer—F. W. Cox. Millinery.—Mrs. Ellen Cooper, Mrs. A. M. Piper and Miss Annie Cappass. Photographer.—H. W. Bunn. Furniture.—B. F. Bunn. Blacksmiths—W. H. Black, H. Milbern, Wade Bros, Shoemakers.—C. Busse, Daniel McBride. Barber.—A. B. Wolf. Paint Shop.—B. F. Watson. Livery Stable.—Gillespie & McBride. Hotel —Paul Sheridan. Grain Dealer—W. L. Gray. Insurance Agents—J. M. Rosenborough, Charles Vannausdel. Postmaster—H. K. Lanterman. Butchers.—Lanterman & O Donell. Physicians,—M. D. Frazer, A. M. Maxwell, H. V. Lewis. Dentist—Samuel Hayes. Harness Maker.—William Williamson. Sewing Machine and Organs.—J. T. MeJunsey. —— 26S BLOGRAP WLS. HARLIE V. LEWIS. THE Lewis family trace their ancestry back through several generations to David Lewis, a Scotch-Irishman, who came to America in the latter part of the last century, He was a tall, athletic man, the father of Isaiah, who came to Lawrence county in 1820, and settled on a farm known since as the Bear farm, where he lived a number of years, then moved to Terre Haute, Indiana. He taught the first school, in several different neighbor- hoods. him ason, Philip, who remained in Lawrence county, Philip, a wheelwright and farmer, was for some years a preacher of the Universalist faith. During the latter 42 Prior to coming to Illinois there was born to | part of his life he was equally zealous as a member of the Christian church. He died Feb. 4, 1873. His family consisted of sixteen children. One of these, William M., was born in 1828. William M. Lewis was an active business man. When a young man he followed the trade of a carpenter. When Bridgeport was first laid off he erected the depot, and soon after commenced dealing in grain. In this business he continued until the time of his death, which occurred February 34d, 1882. During the last five years he combined with his other interests that of dealer in hardware. As a busi- ness man he possessed marked ability. Although he had never attended school longer than six months, but 330 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. he was a natural mathematician, and as such was often appealed to for arbitration in cases where settlements between parties were difficult. He was married to Catharine Eaton, daughter of Caius Eaton, a native of Vermont, who survives him. Caius Eaton was among the first teachers as well as first justices in Lawrence- ville. Mrs. Lewis is an evangelist in the strictest seuse of the term, as she proclaims her faith in every house- hold. Few more zealous or active Christian wo- men can be found than she. To William M. and wife were born six children, Henry H. and Mollie M., now dead. Harlie V., Siegel D., and Marion are living. Dr. Harlie V. Lewis obtained a good common school education, then attended the medical institute of Cin- cinnati, whence he graduated March 2d, 1880. He was married to Hettie Ray, daughter of Dr. Thomas Ray, Oct. 5, 1881. In 1882 he was elected coroner of Lawrence county. He is a pronounced democrat po- litically, an active member of the Christian church, religiously. Asa physician heis acquiring a fine prac- tice. Dr. MILTON D. FRAZER. Tuts leading physician was born in Richmond, Wayne county Indiaua, April 26th, 1824. His father, Daniel Frazer, wasa native of Randolph county, North Carolina, as was also his mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Hays. About the year 1814, they moved from their Carolinian home to Indiana. Their ancestral line runs back on the father’s side to English birth, and on the mothers, to Scotch. To David and wife were born a fam- ily of thirteen children, two of whom died in infancy. The mewbers of this family are much scattered, some in Kan- 8as, Missouri and here. David Frazer died in 1846. Milton D Frazer obtained a fair common school educa- tion in New Castle, where his parents located, in 1833, which was supplemented by attendance at the County Seminary. In 1844, he commenced the study of his chosen profession, that of medicine, with Dr. James Horne, of Middletown, Indiana, with whom he remained three years, when he commenced practice in Yorktown, He continued in the practice here about five years: then in Xenia, Miami county, Ohio, until 1861, when he came to Bridgeport. He was graduated from the Cincinnatj College of Mcdicine and Surgery, in 1863. In his practice he has had marked success. He is a member of the Grant county (Indiana; Medical Society, and of the Lawrence co., Society of which he is president. He was united in marriage with Eliza Haupt, daughter of Abraham and Eliza Haupt, of Wabash county, June 28,1845. To them have been born six children, two of whom died in infancy, and four are living, namely: Car- oline Beauchamp, of Tipton, Indiana; Charles Frazer, a practicing physician, at St. Francesville, Wabash coun- ty, Illinois; Fremont, a clerk in a drug store, and Edwin H., Deputy clerk, Lawrenceville, and attorney at law. Edwin H. was educated in Vincennes, Bloomington and Chicago Law Schools. Politically, the Doctor is an ar- dent, earnest Republican, although he affiliated with the democracy from the time of casting his first ballot, which was for James K. Polk, until the organization of the Republican party, in 1856. He is a member of the M, E. Church, also of the Masonic order, being Mas- ter of the Bridgeport Lodge No. 383, at the present time. Social in his demeanor, skilled in his profession, earnest in his study, he is recognized as among the best physicians of this part of the state. PHILIP BELLES. Tue subject of the following sketch was born in Lu- zerne county, Pa., in 1843. He was the fourth son of Philip Belles, Sr.. who married Jane Keichline. He emigrated with his parents to Lawrence county in 1854, and settled on section 29, rauge 3,12 west. He resided with his parents until 1862, when, on the 14th day of August of that year he enlisted in company I, 130th regiment I]linois infantry. He took part in the follow- ing engagements: Port Hudson, Champions Hill, Big Black river, Siege of Vicksburg and Jackson, Miss. After these engagements he was transferred to the Gulf department, and during Banks’ unfortunate expedition up Red river he was taken prisoner at Sabine Cross Roads. He was immediately taken to Camp Ford, near Tyler, Texas, where he was confined as a prisoner of war from April 6th, 1864, until paroled May 25, 1865. The prisoners who were confined there were put ina stockade eight feet high in which was a dead-line fifteen feet from the stockade, and any prisoner passing that line, either accidentally or otherwise, incurred the penalty of death, at the option of the guard. It is also his candid opinion, from circumstances which came under his own personal observation, that guards were promoted and given furloughs for shooting down a prisoner when found over the dead-line. To illustrate it more distinctly, he remembers a case in which a prisoner from an Ohio regi- ment was persuaded across the dead-line by a sentinel, with promises that he should not be molested, as he simply wanted to talk tohim. When the prisoner was within five or six feetof the stockade the sentinel warned the man that he would shoot him, and as the prisoner turned to run the sentinel shot him in the back. That sentinel was not seen again for thirty days, und when next seen was sergeant in command of a squad of Con- {ederate soldiers. During their confinement three differ- ent attempts were made to tunnel out of the prison. Owing to the treachery of some of the prisoners these were not very successful, and even when successful, the chances of escape to the Union lines were very meager, as there was a corral of blood-hounds kept at the stock- ade for the purpose of capturing escaped prisoners Some of the hounds would strikea trail forty-eight hours old and overtake the prisoner. At one time he was an eye-witness where six blood-hounds caught a prisoner and mangled him so that he died within five days. At one HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 831 time their rations for five days were a pint and a half of shelled corn. The above are some of the hardships endured by Mr. Belles and his comrades in a rebel prison. To enumerate all of them would require a volume. He was mustered out of service on the 17th day of June, 1865, and immediately returned to his father’s home, where he has since fullowed the occupa- tion of a farmer. He was married Dec. 20.h, 1866, to Miss Lizzie Ramsey, daughter of Joseph and Mary Ramsey, nee Winship, who now reside in Richland county, Il]. From this union there are no offspring. He united with the Presbyterian church in 1881, of which heis still a consistent member. He became a life- member of the Union Ex-Prisoners of War Association Jan. 12, 1882. Since he became a voter he has always been a staunch Republican, being the only one of his family who incline to that belief. He is a representa- tive man of his party, having been several times dele- gate to county conventions, and also strongly solicited to serve as supervisor of his township, which honor he has studiously declined. He is an honest, upright, industrious citizen, respected by his neighbors and loved by his friends. GASPS IAS CQ Pi ELE, WABASH COUNTY. OFFEE precinct derives its name from the circumstance, that a quantity of coffee was lost from a keel boat, in her passage up the Wabash, near the island which also received the name of Coffee island. It is irregularly triangular in shape, and embraces all that portion of the county lying between Bonpas creek and the Wa- bash, and south of the northern tier of sections of township 2 south. It is bounded on the north by Bell- mont and Mt. Carmel precincts, on the east and south by Indiana, from which it is separated by the Wabash, and on the west by Edwards’ county, from which it is separated by Bonpas creek. The surface is mainly level. A range of bluffs extends along the Wabash, and gradually terminates towards the Bonpas bottom. The soil both of the upland and the bottom is sandy. It is fertile, and yields corn and wheat abundantly. South and west of Keensburg is Compton’s prairie, about two miles long and a mile and a half in width. There are heavy belts of timber along the Bonpas and Wabash. The country around Keensburg, some of which now supports a heavy growth of timber, was originally covered by ‘‘blackjacks.” There was once a large quantity of cane in the bottom, now displaced by timber. Coffee and Village creeks supply drainage for the interior. The first important settlement in the county was made in this precinct, on the Wabash river, at Rochester, by a few families of French descent, in the early part of the present century. The pioneers in this settlement and the leaders among the colonists were the brothers Augustus and William Tougas or Lavulette, or, as the family name now is, Lovelette. Mrs. Tougas, mother of Augustus and William, and two other brothers, Joseph and Francis, married a man named Lavulette or Lovelette, and this became the family name. Joseph and Francis, however, who settled at St. Francesville, Lawrence county, adhered to their ancestral name of Tougas. These four brothers were men of large stature, and of great physical power and courage. This was especially true of Augustus. He was six feet and six inches in height, and to his great physical powers were added shrewdness and foresight. He and his brother remained in the midst of the hostile and treacherous Piankishaws, trading with them, while others fled at the news of the Cannon, and the Burway and Pichinaut massacres. Their families were at different times, as occasion demanded, sent to Vincennes for safety. The word of Augustus among the tribe was law, not because they loved, but because they feared him. He even went so far as to punish them for their misdeeds. On one oc. casion an Indian stole a rifle, which Lovelette had re- cently purchased at Vincennes. The Indian at first de- nied the taking, but after having been ‘strung up” three successive times, much after the fashion of the late occurrence at Taylorsville, he confessed his guilt, and told where the gun might be found. After the manner of his day, he would sometimes, as occasion de- manded, indulge in a “rough-and-tumble.” The hard- est fight of his life was with an Indian, many of whose comrades stood by and witnessed the ‘contest, never offering to interfere, showing something of honor where there was so much of treachery and cruelty. Augustus not only traded with the Indians, but purchased pro- duce from the white settlers, and boated it to New Orleans, sometimes walking all the way back. At one time, on his return, he and some companions met a man who invited them to go with him to his cabin and spend the approaching night. Though a brave man, Lovelette felt some misgivings, but yielded to the de- 332 sire of the rest of the company, who, less shrewd than he, saw no danger. Their suspicions, however, became excited, as one by one, strangers, each armed with a gun, came into the cabin. They set their guns near the cabin door as they entered, and spent much of their time without. Lovelette and his companions lay down to rest, apparently, but really to watch, having arranged for a signal, at which, in case of any hostility shown by their hosts, they were to leap to the door and seize the guns. The cabin floor was at a considerable distance from the ground, and the puncheons were not fastened down. During the night one of them was raised up and a hand appeared. The preconcerted signal was given, the guns were seized, the strangers disarmed and held under guard till morning, when the arms were broken and cast into a pond. The Lovelettes came to the county from Vincennes, and first settled a little above Rochester, at the mouth of ‘Coffee creek. Subse- quently Augustus moved to the present site of Roches- ter, and there built a heavy log-house, and also a block- house, continuing there till about 1838, when he sold out to Dr. Ezra Baker, and moved to Mt. Carmel, there keeping a hotel. He continued this business a number of years, and then returned to the precinct where, in 1849, he died. His wife’s maiden name was Eleanore Desloriers. His first child, Eleanore, now Mrs. Stewart, of Texas, was, according to the best recollection, born in Vincennes in 1803. Five children lived to rear families, one of whom is Mrs. Sharp, of Mt. Carmel. It is re- lated of William Lovelette, who it is claimed by some traded with the Indians at Rochester before his brother, that on one occasion he thrust a burning candle into a keg of powder, to the great terror of a number of In- dians who were present, demanding, with hostile de- monstrations, a gun which had been pawned for mer- chandise by one of their number. When he first arrived at the mouth of Coffee creek he had a family of two children, William and Jane. After a residence of six or seven years at this point he moved to the banks of Raccoon creek in Lawrence county, and thence, after a couple of years, to the neighborhood of Viucennes. After a short stay at this point he returned to the pre- cinct, and settled on the S. E. + of section 10, T. 2 §. R.13 W. As early as 1816 or ’17 he built and oper- ated a horse-mill. In 1815 he was assessed for a “ man- sion house.’”? This was the only assessment for that species of property at that time in Edwards county. He died on his farm at the age of seventy-five years. Some of the members of his numerous family of chil- dren are yet in the precinct. Shortly after William first arrived came his mother and her daughter, Bar- bara, about ten or twelve years of age. He built for her a separate cabin near his own. John Degan, a member of the French settlement, came from Detroit to Vincennes, and thence to the pre- cinct, shortly after the Lovelettes. His family con- sisted of his wife, his sons, Henry and William, and his step-son, Frank Burway. He settled first on the site of HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Rochester, remaining there about two years, and then moving to the N. 4 of section 10, where he fullowed farming and stock raising. Here he died in 1848, leav. ing children, yet living in the precinct. Joseph Bur- way and Joseph Pichinaut also belonged to the French settlement. The former married Theresa Gaudier, and had one child, a little boy, when he arrived. The latter had a wife, whose maiden name was Barbara Bierjaut, and two little boys. In 1815, shortly after the Cannon massacre, they were killed by the Indians in the Coffee bottoms. They had gone in quest of their horses to go to mill at Vincennes. Pichinaut was unarmed, but Burway was carrying a heavy rifle that made a peculiar report when dis- charged. William Arnold, John Compton, and Samuel Simcoe, the latter on horseback, were in the bottom at the time referred to. They heard the report of a gun, which they recognized as Burway’s, followed by a volley, and guessing the meaning and result, without further investigation spread the alarm, and Samuel McIntosh, John Compton, John Decker, Thomas Pulliam, Henry Gambrel, Russell Aldridge, Jarvis Hazleton, William Arnold, and George Barney went in pursuit. They found the bodies of the men at the head of Baird’s pond, stripped, scalped, and mutilated. The body of Burway had been pierced by many bullets, and the character of his wounds, together with several reports of his rifle, showed that he had died game. Pichinaut was of a timid, peace-loving disposition, had been tomahawked, not shot. His hands were split open from between the fingers, indicating that he had raised them before his blood-thirsty pursuers in protection of his head. The Indians’ trail was pursued for some distance withont important practical results. Calumny, tbat ever stands ready to tarnish the reputation of the brave; says that the party were about to come up with the In- dians, and, through cowardice, zbandoned the pursuit. It is supposed that Burway killed five of his assailants. A newly-made grave, and the body of an Indian that had been concealed in a hollow low log, were found by the pursuing party. Some time afterward, three or four other bodies that appeared to have been hastily covered with leaves and brush were discovered> At the time of the massacre, John Stillwell was attending his cattle in the bottom, and the Indians had encamped the previous night within half a mile of his head- quarters. He was seized with alarm, and left his cattle to take care of themselves, observing that the Indians “might want old John’s scalp.’’ Francis Degan, brother of John, came about 1811 or ’12 with a family of two children, Augustus and Francis, Jr., and settled on the bluff, a short distance below Rochester. Francis is now one of the influential farmers of the precinct. One Gail, known in his day as old Grandfather Gail, was an early settler, with alarge family. The Indian de- predations brought alarm to the settlement, and its mem- bers fled for safety to Vincennes. This circumstance en- tailed a weakness upon it, from which it never recovered. DRUG STORE POST OFFICE Pronence of WE WEEN, KeznseuRGH,WaABASH Co.,ILL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 333 As early as 1810, a settlement was formed at Camp- bell’s Landing, sec. 11,T. 28. R. 14 W., the central fig- ure of which was the family of that name. James Campbell, of Scotch descent, came from Kentucky, with a family of seven children, viz., Samuel, John, Dougal, James, Mary, Hester and Sally. He also had thirteen slaves whom he set at liberty, in Illinois. Eleven of them were afterward kidnapped and sold back again in- to slavery. The family were not wholly unmolested by the hostile Piankishaws, whose village was a short dis- tance above the Landing, but were, at one time, obliged to flee across the river for safety. The Landing was the receiving point for the produce in that vicinity that sought a market over the waters of the Wabash. Here was Campbell’s Ferry, over which the ill-starred Cannon family crossed to their cruel fate. Henry Painter, a German, not far from this time, 1810, with a family of three sons, Jacob, Philip and Joseph, and a daughter, Chaney, settled on the present site of Cowling. Here was the old Painter grave-yard, over which extended the wagon-road. One Parks and Henry Gambrel lived somewhere in this vicinity. John Grayson, with a fam- ily of six children, viz., Jackson, Susan, William, Na- poleon, Elijah and Robert, arrived from Indiana in 1814, and entered the S. W. 4 of sec. 381. He was a man of character and enterprise, and built the first water-mill in the precinct, on the Bonpas, a short distance above the railroad. A writ of quod damnum was issued to view a site for the mill, in 1817, and it was probably built in that year. It was at one time rebuilt, and it subsequently washed partly away and was abandoned. Grayson and most of his family died from disease con- tracted in the malarial bottom. Some of the descen- dants, however, are living in the precinct. John Cannon, his three sons and his son-in-law, John Starks, came across the river, from Indiana, in 1815, and built a house on or near the site of the old Painter grave-yard. The building was completed for the rest of the family, and they came and took possession of their new home, late in the afternoon. Two of the sons were to return to In- diana the next day, and went that afternoon as far as Samuel Campbells. The father, mother, their little daughter, their son Samuel, the son-in-law and an aged lady remained and spent the approaching night at their new home. Next morning they went out to cut a bee- tree they had discovered a few days before, and were at- tacked by the Indians. Cannon was murdered on the spot, and the rest of the family, except Samuel, were made captives. The later ran so fast that his pursuers had some difficulty in overtaking him. He leaped from a rock or bluff clear across the Bonpas, and landing in the soft mud sank into it nearly to his knees. His body was found headless and bereft of the collar bones, and of the lower portions of the limbs, which were left stick- ing in the mud. The bodies were wrapped in a horse- skin, and buried without a coffin, in the first grave dug in the Painter grave-yard. Atong those who officiated at this sad rite were Samuel McIntush and Henry Gam- brel. The captives were with the Indians about six months, and were ransomed with ponies by Governor Harrison. The year of this massacre, 1815, was that of the arrival in the precinct of Daniel Keen and David Wright. The former at the age of eighteen years came as a part of his father’s family from Ohio, to what is now Wabash precinct, about the year 1814, and there in the following year married Mary Compton, moved to Coffee precinct, and settled on the N. E. 4 of sec. 9, the place of his permanent residence. He was an influential man in his neighborhood and served acceptably as county commissioner for a number of years. He was a heavy-set, powerful man, and withal a good specimen of the pioneer. His cabin home was the settlers’ church, where the gospel was first heard and the “jerks” first witnessed. Here also, in 1819, the first church society (of the New Light Persuasion) was organized. Three of Mr. Keen’s children are yet living, E. B. on the old home place, where his father died, in 1874, at the age of 82 years. David Wright was originally from Ohio, and came to the precinct, a widower, having left his little son, now Robert E. Wright, of Mt. Carmel, in Indiana. About 1820 he married Sarah McIntosh, sister of Samuel, and settled on the S. E. 4, section 22, range 13 west, and his son then becoming a member of the new family. He was a wide-awake business man, and traded in cattle and real estate. His death, which resulted froma stab, received at the hands of his nephew, took place in 1830. Elijah Compton, brought with him a family of three children, William, John, and Emanuel, and scitled on the N. E. 4 of section 8, township 28. He reared a family of eight children, and died about 1840. Walter Garner came from Virginia, in 1816 or ’17, and settled on theS. W. 3 of section 24. He reared quite a family of children, amd after a residence in the precinct of about twenty-y ears, moved away. James Landsdown was a hunter, and never located anywhere permanently. He was rather trifling in disposition and fond of fighting He reared a considerable family of children. John Cradock settled in section 24. He had three sons, Joseph, Benjamin, and Michael, and two or three daughters. Charles P. Burns moved from North Caro- lina to Kentucky, and came thence to Illinois, in 1817. He married a daughter of James Campbell, and settled on section 11, township 3 south, at Campbell's landing. He lived here till 1831, and then moved to Albion. where he died. He was one of the earliest justices in the precinct. He reared a family of four children, two of whom, Nancy and N. C. are yet living, the latter, well- known, in Mt. Carmel. Duniel Groves belongs to this period, and was an excellent citizen. He lived in Jor- dan’s, now Crackle’s prairie. John McCleary and his wife were natives of Pennsylvania, and moved to Ohio. They came thence in 1815 to the vicinity of Vincennes, where they remained till 1817, when they moved to fractional section 31, township 2 south, range 13 west, a locality known as the McClearly’s Bluff. They brought 384 six children, James, John, Elizabeth, Peggy, Sarah, and Julisnna, Mr. McCleary died in 1837, at the age of seventy years, and was buried on the bluff. His wife died in 1844, aged sixty-nine years, and was buried by her husband. Their sons, James and John, became well-known citizens of the precinct. About the year 1818 came William Arnold, Thomas Baird, Reuben Blackford, Henry Bignon, Elias Jordan and one Violette. Arnold lived on the N. W. + of sec tion 10, township 2 south, range 13 west. He had a family of three boys, Thomas, Jesse, and William, Jr. He was a daring hunter, and on one occasion when he and a neighbor were hunting in the bottom, and the dogs had brought a bear to bay, he approached, and placing the muzzle of his gun close to the animal’s side shot it. Baird came from Ky. with a family of two sons, Ralph and James, and settled in the precinct. The sons married and settled on portions of the old place. The Bairds were good farmers and excellent citizens. lackford brought to the precinct a family of five children, Easter, Thompson, James, John, and Betsey, and settled on section 13. Jordan settled about four miles west of Keensburg, in the prairie, now Crackle’s, that then bore his name He was a man of influence, force of character and bravery, and served as captain in the Black Hawk war. He had four sons, John, William, Logan, and Charles. Bignon, and one Violette, were also settlers of 1818, the latter living a little north of Cowling. Two brothers, James and John Gray, brought families from Kentucky, and also settled near this village. At first Indian hostility and outrage, especially during “the war of 1812, and later the noxious miasma of the low lands checked the progress of immigration, and in 1819 or 720 there was a smaller number of arrivals than in 1817 or 718. In 1820 Mathew Heniken settled about two miles south of Keensburg. James Kennerly also arrived in this year, as likewise John Nesler. Kennerly settled near Campbell’s landing. He was twice married, and by his second wife had one child, Charles. He is reputed to have been a good man, and he represented the county in the State Legislature. He also held the office of justice of the peace. Nesler was a short, thick- set man from Kentucky. He married Susan Garner, and settled on the N. I. + of section 10, He died in the precinct at an advanced age, leaving children who still survive him. Moses P. Newsum was a native of Mass., and came to Illinois in 1820. Ie settled on fractional sec- tion 36, township 2 south, range 14 west. He had one son when he arrived in the country. He was by pro- fession a minister of the gospel. Henry Rotrammel, a Pennsylvania German, came from Indiana with a large family in 1824. He was a bell-maker, and established a forge at Campbell's landing. Bell-making was at this time au important trade. Ephraim Phar came to the precinct with three children, Eliphalet, Melinda, and Mary, in 1825. He was a man of some education for his day, and a new light minister, He also held the office HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. of county commissioner. Jeremiah Ruth, in 1825, settled opposite Grayville. Oa the west half of section 13, there was an Indian village and a burial-ground. Seven graves could be distinctly'seen. The spot is now under cultiva- tion, There was also one of these villages at “‘ Village Bend,” on the Wabash, in section 5 or 7, Piankishaw Bend,so named from the Piankishaw Indians, occurs at sec. 86, township 2 south. Bonpas Ferry, just south of the Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific railroad bridge, was es- stablished as early as 1835, and continued in operation till 1872. The boat was sufficient to carry a four-horse team and wagon. The first school was taught by William Townsend, a bachelor and Methodist minister, in the year 1818, in a log school-house, on the 8. E. ¢ of the 8. E. } of section 10. The Arnolds, Landsdowns, Bairds, Lovelettes, and De Gans, to the number of about twenty attended the school. Townsend taught about six months and was succeeded by Reuben Fox, also a bachelor, Fox was something of a “permanent”? in the county, and taught at different points. Early land entries in township 2 south, range 13 west: October 3, 1814, Wm. Jones entered all of section 11; October 12, 1814, John Grayson, of all section 31; December 2, 1814, A. Tougas Lovelette, fractional section 14; December 12, 1814, John Marshall, the S. E. + of section 10; July 2, 1815, Levi Compton, the N. E. + of section 9; January 20, 1816, J. B. Langlois, N. W. 4 of section 10: Oct. 7, 1816, Joan McClary, fractional section 29; July 14, 1817, John Ruth, the 8. E. 4 of section 7. ROCHESTER, Formerly called Coffee Island, is situated on the north- east quarter of section 14, township 2, south range 13 west. Its history has been a very eventful,one. It has twice risen to prominence and importance, and as often sunk into decay and obscurity. It was the scene of one of the two first settlements made in Wabash county, and the place of the first negotiations in trade between the white man and the Indian. An eye-witness, now living» saw as many us three hundred “children of the forest’ gathered at a time in idle contentment about the rude trading-place of her father, The town was laid out in 1839 by Dr. Ezra Baker, Jr., and surveyed and platted by James Knapp, county surveyor. In that year the building of the Rochester grist mill was begun. When completed it was one of the best mills in its range of coun- try. It supplied Mt. Carmel, Albion, Grayville, Prince- ton and Olney with flour. Baker’s store was built in 1840 or 41. It was at that time the best store in Wabash county. In connection with the store the proprietor did a large business in pork-packing and grain buying, pressing into his service a steamboat expressly for the advancement of these different departments. About 1839 he put upa saw-mill with two sets of saws, water and steam-power, shipping lumber to New Orleans and other points in flat boats built in Rochester. Baker put up a carding machine about 1845, the smithing and forging for which were done by Samuel Shaw, of Mt. Carmel. In 1847 Shaw built a shop and made the first HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Diamond plows manufactured in the county. A chair factory was also in operation here. The grist mill, about 1850, came into the possession of George Legier, who moved it back from theriver, But “the noise of the busy,” the hum of machinery and the clank of the anvil are no more. Disease settled like a pall over the town, and what were once life and activity are in the last stages of decay. About this year Baker laid out Ro- chester, and adjoining it on the north, by Thomas 8. Hinde, was laid out Pocahontas, which was always re- garded as its rival. It was surveyed and platted by James Knapp, county surveyor, but was never im- proved. KEENSBURG, On the southwest quarter of section 8, township 2 south, range 13 west, was surveyed and platted by county surveyor, Robert Buchanan, for Ornamiel H. Keen, and the plat was recorded in the office of the circuit clerk, April 18, 1874. The town enjoys the advantages of a good location on the Wabash railroad, and by the census of 1880 had sixty-eight inhabitants. The first building was a store put up by Keen, the .proprietor, and the first goods sold were disposed of by the firm of Keen and Mitchell (William ©. Keen and B. M. Mitchell) in the spring of 1878. In March 20, 1874, the post-office was moved to this place from Rochester, William C. Keen being the first post-master. In this year Dr. John Truscott located in the town. The Keensburg Flouring Mill was moved from Rochester to its present site in 1874, It is Dr. Baker’s old three- story frame mill, and has two run of burrs. In 1879 it became the property of William E. Keen, its present 835 owner. The Christian (frame) church was built in 1881 at a cost of about $1200. PRESENT BUSINESS. Physician, Druggist and Post-master.—Paul G. Man- ley. General Merchants.—D. 8. Harvey & Son. Grocer.—B,. M. Mitchell. Grain Dealer.—J. R. Carlton. Blacksmith —Elijah C. Compton. COWLING Was surveyed and platted by Robert Buchanan for Francis M. Cowling on the southeast quarter of section 26, and Joseph Snyder on the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of said section, township 2, south range 14 west. The plat was filed for record June 26, 1875. The town contains a store kept by Joseph H. Compton, a blacksmith shop and seven or eight dwellings. The post-office was moved to this place from LOGAN, formerly called Logaasburg. situated on the southeast quarter of section 18, township 2 south, range 13 west. It was surveyed and platted by Robert Buchanan, for William Cowling, but the plat was never filed for re- cord. The town had a post-office, two general stores, kept by William Cowling and James Langford, respect- ively, a drug store, of which Dr. Walker was proprietor, and asaloon kept by William Buttrick. The town had an existence of about two or three years. Cowling and Walker died, and with them it sank into decay. _ SIP AP: -ESHSSHS BIOGRAYT His. Hon. E. B. KEEN. Tue subject of the following sketch is of pioneer stock. His family were the pioneers of three states. They were originally from New Jersey. Peter Keen, the grandfather, was a native of that state. Soon after the Revolutionary War he moved to Ohio, which was then a part of the North West Territory. He settled at a point eight miles north of Cincinnati, which was then a small struggling frontier village, and there entered a lot of land, and lived until 1814, when he sold out and came west to the territory of Illinois, and settled in what is now known as Wabash county, then part of Edwards. He bought a tract of land now known as the Fox farm, two miles scuth of the present town of Allendale. While a resident there he was one of the original pro- prietors of the town of Palmyra, which was subsequently the first county seat of Wabash county. He afterward removed to a place north and close to Friendsville in this county, and there died in 1840. He married Jemi- ma Gard, sister of Seth Gard, who was also one of the pioneers of Illinois and a prominent man in his day. He was a member of the territorial Legislature in 1817, and a member of the Legislative body after the State was admitted to the Union. Mrs. Keen survived her husband, and died some years later. There were three sons aud two daughters, the offspring of that union. Of those was Daviel Keen, the father of the present family. He was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, in 1794, and was a young man when the family emigrated to Illinois. He married in 1815, and immediately there- after moved to the southern part of the county, in what is now known as Coffee precinct, and settled on section nine, town two, range thirteen. It was wild land, unim- proved. There he opened up a farm, improved it, and 336 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. remained until 1852, when he removed to the northern part of the county, but returned to the old place, and | there died August 13, 1875. In 1815 he married Mary Compton, daughter vf Levi and Rosanna Compton. They were natives of Virginia, but came to Illinois in 1802, and are credited with being the first settlers in this part of the State. Their son Joseph was the first male child born in what is now known as Wabash county. Levi Compton in his day was also one of the prominent men in Illinois. He was a member of the first constitutional convention held in Kaskaskia in 1818, the same year the State was admitted to the Union. His wife was a Phinesy, and was born in Kentucky. Mrs. Daniel Keen died in 1831. By the union of Daniel and Mary Keen there were five sons and two daughters. Two of these yet survive. Marshall Keen, who is a resident of Hamilton. county, Ohio, and the subject of tliis sketch. After the death of his first wife, Daniel Keen married Julydia, daughter of Thomas McClain, by which marriage there are two children living. Ezra Baker Keen was born on the, old homestead, the place where he now lives, December 1st, 1821. He is the third son of the union of Daniel and Mary (Compton) Keen. He was raised on the farm and re- ceived a limited education in the subscription schools of the pioneer days of Illinois. In :those schools, held in the log school-houses, he learned to read, write and cipher, and for ashort time enjoyed the special privi- lege of obtaining some knowledge of grammar under the tuition of a “ Yankee” by the name of Reuben Fox, who was well educated and added English grammar to the studies, At least his opportunities were meagre, and his education is more the result of reading and close observation of men and things acquired in after life, than of knowledge obtained in schools. During his early manhood Mr. Keen employed his time in various. ways, teaching school, working on the farm, and boating on the river. He made many trips on the Mississippi to New Orleans, which in those days was the market for all kinds of surplus producesof this section of the country, In 1856 he commenced farming, married and purchased the old homestead, and there he has lived as a farmer until the present. On the 6th of March, 1856, he was united in marriage to Miss Lucinda, daughter of Ephraim and Cynthia (Kimball) Knowles. She was born in Gibson county, Indiana, January 6th, 1830, Her family were originally from Delaware, but ler father was a native of Georgia, and emigrated to Indi- anain 1811. Jesse Kimball, her maternal grandfather, was a soldier of the revolutionary war. He died in 1858, at the advanced age of ninety-seven years, He was born in Connecticut, was of English ancestry, and moved to Kentucky about the close of the last century, and soon after moved to Indiana, settled in Gibson county, and there died, By the union of E. B. and Lucinda Keen, there have been six children, five of whom are living. Ferdinand died in his fourteenth year. The names of those living in the order of their birth are Peter, now a student at school at Mitchell, Ind., Mary C., Daniel E,, Ezra B, and Marshall G. Politically, Mr. Keen was originally a member of the Old Whig party. He cast his first presidential vote for Henry Clay in 1844. He remained a member of that party until its disbandment, and in 1860 voted for Abraham Lincoln, and in all subsequent elections has uniformly voted the Republican ticket. In 1880 he was elected by his party to represent this district in the 32d General Assembly of the State. He served on the committees of Insurance, Labor and Manufactures. While a member of that body his course was marked throughout by an earnest desire to legislate in the inter- est of the whole people, and in the direction of economy and reform. As a legislator he received the commenda- tion of his constituents, who publicly said, “ Well done good and faithful servant.” The family are members of the Christian Church. His father was one of the charter members of that religious organization, and helped to form the church in 1819 in Wabash county. This in brief is an outline history of Mr. E. B. Keen. As intimated before he comes frum pioneer stock. The family were among the pioneers of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. He retains many of the charac- teristics of the old pioneers, chief of which is simplicity of manners and unpretentious style, plain and honest. That is the character he bears among these people where he has lived through youth, manhood and mature age, PAUL G. MANLEY, M. D. THE Manley family on the maternal side are from New Jersey, and on the paternal side, from Vermont. Ben- jamin F., the paternal grandfather, emigrated from the latter state, and settled near Zanesville, in Muskingum co., Ohio, and from there came to Illinois and stopped in Bonpas precinct, Wabash county, Illinois. His wife dying, in 1854, he removed north to Logan county, and there died some few years later. He married Julia Ford in Muskingum county, Ohio, by which union there were three sons, one of whom was named Francis Perry Man- ley, the father of the present Manley family, in Wabash county. He was born in the county above named, in Ohio, and came here with his father. For some time he farmed, and, in 1854, commenced the study of medi- cine in the office of Dr. Paul Sears, of Mt. Carmel. He commenced the practice and continued in it until his death, Dec. 15, 1862. He married Miss Maria Wiley, daughter of James Wiley. She was born near Gard’s Point, in Wabash county, Illinois, and died in April 1862, leaving four children, whose names are Laura, wife of William Hamilton, Frank C., Alfred P., and Paul G. Manley. The latter, the subject of this sketch, was born on Bald Hill Prairie, Wabash county, Janua- ry 14, 1855. His opportunities for obtaining an educa- 2 CE, STOC “oh T2 RIB (COF TP) WABASH (RES SSS eh Cciny, becuase Pics f golf PrOA PAI OO I A ate oh oe ee Eee MIT CARMEL,ILL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 337 tion in schools were limited, but, even slight as they were, he made the most of them. He studied hard and eager- ly, and read all books that fell in his way. While yet in childhood, his parents died and left the family with- out means. He was compelled to become self-support- ing at an early age. Atthe age of seventeen years he had made sufficient progress in obtaining an education, that he was found worthy and competent t» take charge of a school. After he had taught five terms, he deter- mined to adopt the profession of medicine as the busi- ness of his life, and with that idea in view, read the stan- dard medical works, and also pursued his studies a por- tion of the time in the office of Dr. Lemen, of Olney, Illinois, now president of the Board of Health of Colo- rado, and Dean of Denver Medical College. Subse- quently Mr. Manley studied medicine with Dr. Paul Sears, of Mt. Carmel, Illinois. In the winter of 1876- 77, he entered the Miami Medical College at Cincinnati, and graduated from the institution in March, 1879, with the degree of M.D. His graduation was very creditable as he received the highest percentage upon examination in a large graduating class, During the last year of his stay in the College, he was physician to the Free Dispensary of Miami. In the spring of 1879, he com- menced the practice in Keensburg, Wabash co., where he still continues, and where he has met with great suc- cess. On the 6th of April, 1876, he was united in mar- riage to Miss Mary E., daughter of Capt. Richard, and Mary J. (Earls) McClure. Mrs. Manley was born in Lawrence county, Illinois. They have had three chil- dren, two of whom are living. Both he and his wife are members of the M. E. Church. PES FRENCH CREEK. EDWARDS COUNTY. s ELIS precinct deserves honorable mention from Mi] the fact of being among the first portions of i territory settled in the county. Indeed, the = first land entry in Edwards, was made in this precinct, Octéber 26th, 1814. It lies in the extreme southeast, and is bounded on the north by Albion pre cinct, on the east by Bonpas creek, on the south by White county, and west by Dixon precinct. It receives its name from the creek passing through it from north to south—French creek, and its territory embraces a portion of four townships, as follows: T. 2 S., R.14 W. 2d P. M., 7.3 8., R. 14 W. 2d P.M., T.45,R.11 E. and T. 2 S., R.10 E. The precinct is principally timbered land, having a prairie belt extending from north to south through the centre of its territory, with a small arm ranging north- west from the main body. It is known as French Creek prairie and extends from the head of French creek to the southern boundary of the county. The soil of the timber land is a choculate-colored clay subsoil, and is specially adapted to the culture of wheat, which is the staple product. The prairies are composed of two dis- tinct soils, a dark rich loam, and what is known in this section of country as white craw-fish land. The former is very productive for maize and the grasses, while the latter is thin, cold, and unproductive. The natural drainage is fair, having the Bonpas creek on the east, and French creek, with its small tributaries, in the centre. The Peoria, Decatur and Evansville Railroad passes centrally through the precinct from north to south 43 affording good transportation facilities. The Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific road also extends across the south- east corner of the precinct, including about four sections of its territory. FIRST SETTLEMENTS. Probably the first white man to locate and form a home in this precinct, was an emigrant from the south, in 1817. His name was Clem Martin, and he located in section 33, township 2 south, range 14 west, on the farm now owned by Mrs. White. He was a man witha family, none of whom are now living in the precinct. He died many years ago; several of his grandsons are residing in White county. Edward Coad came from England in 1812, and with several other emigrants pushed into the interior of the state, and located in Clinton county, now Carlyle. Mr. Charles Slade, after- ‘wards member of Congress, was the leader of the party. Mr. Coad, not liking the location came to Edwards county, and for a time rented land of George Flower, south of Albion. In 1821 he purchased a farm in the north part of this precinct, where he removed until his death, some years ago. “Old Neddy Coad,” as he was familiarly known, was one of the staunch yeomen of his times, and his decease was mourned by many warm friends. Mrs. C. had died several years before him. Four of the children are yet living, Thomas, Mrs. A. Cowles, widow of Dr. Cowles, Mrs. Jane White, widow of Benjamin White, and James. The latter resides at the old homestead. Thomas and Mrs. White are residents of this precinct, and Mrs. Cowles of Dixon precinct. 338 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH CO UNTIES, ILLINOIS, Another early settler was George Woodham, also a native of England. He came to this county in 1818, then a poor man, and first located at Wanborough, near the present town of Albion. In 1830 he moved to this precinct, and located in the west part, where he improved an excellent farm, and amassed a good compe- tency for his old age. His wife's maiden name was Huston. He died several years ago. His widow yet survives him, and is living with one of her sons, Comp- ton, at the old home. John Cowling came from Eng- land, a single man, the same year as the above. He subsequently married Mary Coad, and located in the north of the precinct, where he resided until his death, which occurred about twenty years ago. A large family of children were born to them, several of whom are living. Charles resides in section 8, township 3, range 14 west, and Addison lives on the old place. Another settler in the county at the same date was James Green, Sr., also from England. At his coming he settled in Albion precinct, where he remained until his death, which occurred several yearsago. He married here and reared a family. A son, James, Jr., resides in this pre- cinct, section 19, township 2, range 11 east. One of the oldest citizen of the county is Thomas Shepherd, Jr., who came with his father, Thomas, Sr., in 1818. He was then but a few years old. The family located in the English settlement, near Albion. Thomas Jr., sub- sequently married Mrs. Millie Brown. In about 1870 they moved to Grayville (this precinct), where they yet reside. Among others who came in 1818 were David Thomp- son, Caleb Dickinson and John Massey. The former was a native of Scotland, and on his arrival he located in section 21, township 2, range 14 west. He died here about thirty years ago. None of his descendants are in the county. Caleb Dickinson entered land in section 17, township 3 south, range 14 west, where he settled with his family. He died in 1820, and none of the de- scendants are left to give his history. It is only known to the early settlers that he came from the south. Massey came from England and located in section 9, township 3 south, range 14 west. His wife died here at an early day, and soon afterward he sold out and moved to Ga- lena. : The following were settlers in 1819: Isaac Butler came from England in the fall of the above year and settled in section 7, township 8 south, range 14 west. His family then consisted of his wife, Elizabeth, nce Owen, and two sons, Joseph and Caleb. Hibs first house was a small log cabin with puncheon floor, and other belongings peculiar to the pioneer times. He entered a quarter section of land, but subsequently relinquished one half of it in accordance with a certain act of Con- gress. It was here that he made his home until his death, which occurred in 1842. His widow survived him but eight years. Joseph died the same year as his father. Caleb resides in section 17, township 8 south, range 14 west, and is the oldest surviving settler of this precinct. He is a representative citizen, having served as justice of the peace for twenty-years, and overseer of the poor of his precinct for the same length of time. William Wood was also from England, and at his com- ing was a widower (Mrs. Wood died on the way) with two sons, John and Joseph. He located in Albion, and subsequently was twice married. All the family are now dead. Thomas Wood, who resides in the north of the precinct, is a son of Joseph, and grandson of William. John Mather came from England about the same time as the above, and located in section 31, township 2, range 14 west. He moved to New Harmony, Indiana, where he died. None of his descendants are in the pre- cinct. John Hatfield located in the precinct in 1820. He wasa native of England, but afterward moved to New Harmony, Ind. James Hean came from England and located in section 19, township 2 south, range 14 west. He was then a single man. He afterwards mar- ried and reared a family of two suns and two daughters, None of the family are now living in the county. An- drew Hunter was born in South Carolina, and at an early day moved to Kentucky, where he remained until his advent in this state, in the spring of 1827. The most of the distance was made by means of a flat-boat, and it required nearly two months to make the trip. His family consisted of his wife, Sarah, nee Carr, and six children, David P., Jams, Solomon, Lavina, Jef- ferson and Sarah. He located in section 20, township 2 south, range 14 west, where he resided until his death, which occurred in the spring of 1857. Mrs. H. died in 1847, ten years before her husband. Only one of the pioneer children is a citizen of the state, David P., who is a prominent farmer residing in section 29, township 2 south, range 14 west. Mrs. Eliza Cora, a younger member of the family, lives in Coffee precinct, Wabash county. All the others now living are in the state of Missouri. Edward D. Jacobs and Adam Wick are also old settlers of the precinct. First Land Entries—The following entries are all made.—Township No. 2S., R. 14 W. of the 2d P. M.: Oct. 26, 1814, John Grayson entered the N. E. + of sec- tion 34. April 25, 1818, Joseph Wright entered the 8. E. + of the same section. June 10, 1818, Thomas Tav- ner entered the W. $ of section 21. September 17, 1818, Robert Leslie entered the N. W. } of section 34. Sept. 28, 1818, John Martin entered the E. 4 of the N. E. + of section 33. Sept. 30th, 1818, Clem. Martin entered the S. W. # of section 34. Dec. 8th, 1818, James Hean en- tered the N. E. 4 of section 19. February 9, 1819, John Mather entered the N. E. 4 of section 31. April 7th, 1819, David Thompson entered the E. 4 of the N. E. + of section 21. April 8, 1819, John Cowling entered the W. 2 of the N. W. } of section 20. The following entries were made in township 3 S., R. 14 W. of 24 P.M.: May 18, 1815, Clem. Martin en- tered the S. W. 4 of section 9. Feb, 18th, 1817, Caleb Dickinson entered the E. 3 of the 8. E. + of section 17. May 11, 1818, Moses Thompson entered the N. W. + of HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 339 section 8. Aug. 1, 1818, Isaac Butler entered the W. + of the N. E. 4 of section 7. Same date, Morris Bick- berk entered the S. W. 4 of section 8. April 28, 1819, John Massey entered the N. W.4 of section 9. The following entries were made in township 38, R. 11 E.: July 28th, 1831, Peter Kershaw entered the N. E. + of section 7, Sept. 14th, 1832, Asa Turner entered the N. E. + of section 18. The following entries are in town- ship 2 8.,R.10 E.: Oct. 31, 1817, James Parker en- tered the N. W. + of section 25. July 26th, 1817, Hugh Stewart entered the E. 3 of the S. W. 4 of sec- tion 24. The privations, hardships and inconveniences of the first settlers cannot be fully comprehended by the present generation. There were no mills to grind their corn, and they were obliged to improvise methods to prepare the meal for cooking purposes. The mortar, with an iron wedge for a pestle, constituted the machinery for a grist mill. The first mill constructed in the precinct was in 1830. This was what was known as a horse-mill, built by James Higginson, and was situated on his premises in the northern part of the precinct. About the same time a water mill was put in operation by John Gray- son, located on Bonpas creek, in section 34. It contained one run of stone, and for all practical purposes was a godsend to the people. It continued to operate about ten years, when Mr. Grayson died and the mill went to decay. The first smithing done was by John Rotrammel 1825. His shop was situated on the east side of the pre- cinct, near the Bonpas creek. The smith and shop have passed away long ago. The first to attend to the wants of the sick was Dr. Archibald Spring, of Albion. The first resident physician was Harrison Simms. He moved away several years ago. The first school-house was built in 1831, and situated in section 17, township 8 south, range 14 west, and within the northern limits of the present town of Gray- ville. It was the usual pioneer style of school-house, built of unhewn logs, puncheon floor, puncheon seats and desks, and other belongings peculiar to these times. The first teacher was Daniel R. Jacobs, who in his day was considered an excellent teacher. The first to preach the gospel to the few pioneers was Rev. Charles Slocumb, a Methodist “circuit rider.” His circuit embraced a large territory, including a portion of the States of Illinois and Indiana. While in this section he preached at the private house of Caleb Dickinson. It must be remembered that at that time there were but very few church houses in the country, and services were held at the cabins of the settlers. The first Baptist preacher was Rev. Elias Roberts, and the first church building erected was by his denomi- nation in 1838. It is situated in the northern limits of Grayville, and is in a good state of preservation. It is a frame, 50x60 feet in size, and is adorned with a spire and supplied with a bell. The first place of burial is situated near the north boundary of the city of Grayville. The first interment was made in 1818, the deceased being Mrs. John Taylor, from White county. No head-stone marks the spot, neither is it known where the grave was made. It is said that the sexton, in sinking a grave, often strikes the remains of those who have been long forgotten, there being no head-stones to guide his labors. The first ma- gistrates in the precinct were David Thompson, Daniel R. Jacobs and Caleb Butler. A great sensation was created in this section of the county in 1824, caused by the missing of a little boy three years old, a son of Samuel Dransfield. About ten o’clock in the forenoon he was missed, and, after a short search, the family became convinced that he had strayed away into the timber or tall prairie grass, where he would be devoured by the wolves unless prompt action was taken. The alarm was given in the neigh- borhood, which, in a few hours, was spread for miles around. The settlers came pouring in from every point, and the excitement became intense to the hunters, and heart-rending to the parents of the little one. The day passed without tidings. Fires were kept burning in the timber all night, to prevent the wolves from venturing near the limits of the settler’s cabin. Another day came, and still the people flocked in as the word spread abroad. The day passed,—night closed in again with unfruitful efforts on the part of the searchers. Fires were again kindled, anxious watchers keeping them well supplied with fuel. Morning dawned, and hundreds were then gathered to prosecute the search. About ten o'clock of the second day a joyful shout of “ Found!” resounded through forest and prairie. He was found wandering around in the tall prairie grass, about three- fourths of a mile from his home. He appeared very much scared and weary; yet, with all his tramp and times of sleep, he had not even lost his hat. At this writing, the precinct is well populated, and many fine farms are within its boundaries. About one. fourth of the population of the city of GRAYVILLE is in this precinct. The only business on this side of the boundary line is the firm of W.G. Wheatcroft & Co. and Robert Glover. The former are engaged in the manu- facture of tile and brick on Main street. Ten men are employed, and it is estimated that 6,000 rods of tiling and 400,000 bricks are turned out annually. The latter industry is the stave factory and cooper shops, owned by Mr. Glover. This is an extensive business, giving em- ployment to upwards of forty hands. GLOK PRAIRIE: WABASH COUNTY. HIS precinct is bounded on the north by Lan- Carmel, on the south by Bellmont, and on the west by Edwards county. Its territory extends two miles anda half north, and a mile and a half south of the base line, and from Bonpas creek to a line three miles east of the fourteenth meridian. Most of the surface is level, but some of it is slightly rolling. Lick prairie in the northwest is of this character. It is about two miles wide, and is so named from the deer lick within its limits. Bald Hill! prairie is a semi-circu- lar area lying partly within the precinct on the east. It derived its name from the circumstance that one Bald- win settled on its highest part, or more probably from its barren appearance. In section 19 there was a small circular prairie, called Brush prairie, from the low growth of- brush surrounding it. Griffin’s prairie, in sections 25 and 26, comprised about one hundred and sixty acres of land. Mud prairie, so named from its natural condition, lies aloug Bonpas creek, one and a half mile long and three-fourths of a mile wide. The soil is rich and black, and is from five to six feet in depth. It is subject to overflow from the creek, and was originally too wet for cultivation, but has been reclaimed. The first to settle in it was Franklin Gard. The principal water courses are Bonpas and Little Bonpas creeks. The earliest and most prominent settler of Lick prai- rie was Seth Gard, who came from Hamilton county, Ohio, and established a permanent home on the south- east quarter of section 28, about 1814. This locality was called Gard’s Point, and the post-office, originally established in that vicinity, is still called by that name. Gard was a man of much force of character, of good judgment and of strong and lasting convictions. Through his mental make-up there ran a vein of humor tending, generally, to point some moral precept. This shows itself in the Christian names, Reason and Justice, given to his twin sons. He brought to the county a family of seven children, the two just named, Susan, ‘Ruth, Amelia, Franklin, Hiram and Joseph. Reason and Justice resembled each other so closely that to most people a wart on one’s nose was the only distinguishing mark. On one occasion, in a spirit of fun, one called to see the other’s girl. She failed to observe the little index, and the counterfeit passed as current coin. Gard was an influential and representative man. He was the second representative of the county in the state legisla- 340 caster, on the east of Friendsville and Mt. ture, and the first judge of the county court. He was also a New Light minister, and very enthusiastic in his profession, often preaching from his chair when, through infirmity of age, he was unable to stand. With Gard came his nephew, Aaron Waggoner, who had quite a family of children. He wasastone mason, and in 1816 or 1817 built the chimney, still standing, for Peter Keen’s house on the old Fox place, in Wabash precinct. In 1814 Jacob Claypole settled on the northeast quarter of section 4, Philip Hull, in 1815, settled on the north- east quarter of section 28. One Ocheltree, in the same year, located on the southeast quarter of section 21. Ichabod C. Griffin, in 1818, settled on the southeast quarter of section 24, in the little prairie that bore his name. In the same year James Black settled on the southwest quarter of section 25. Ephraim Armstrong, in the year 1819, came from Tennessee and settled on the northwest quarter of section 30. He came to the county in 1816 or 717, and first settled in the vicinity of old Timberville. From his native state he entered the army in the war of 1812. He held the office of consta- ble for a number of years. His death took place at the old homestead about the year 1875. Thomas Arm- strong, a well-to-do farmer of the precinct, is his son. Samuel Mundy and his wife and their two sons, Griffith and William, came from the state of New York in 1819. They came as far as Cincinnati, with a horse and wagon, which they there exchanged for a boat with which they made the rest of the journey. They first settled on the northwest quarter of section 24, and after a few years moved to the south half of section 19, which became their homestead. Mr. Mundy was at one time a mem- ber of the legislature, while Vandalia was yet the seat of government. He was elected to the office of circuit clerk, which he filled for several years. He died in Mt. Carmel in 1872, Lewis Armstrong, brother ~ of Ephraim, settled on the southwest quarter of section 19, but did not remain Icng in the precinct. William Ulm, a farmer and minis ter, residing in section 86, came to Wabash from Ross county, Ohio, in 1820. James Wiley came to the precinct from New York in 1820 or ‘21. He was a plain farmer, and reared a family of five or six children. Jacob Gupton, with a family of three children, came from North Carolina in 1825, and became a permanent resident of the precinct. With him came his son-in-law, Calvin Morgan, whose possessions con- sisted of a little pony and fifty cents in money. By the diligent employment of his time in winter at shoemak- HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 341 ing, and in summer at farming, he accumulated a good deal of property. Two sons survive him, George in Lancaster and Hiram in Lick prairie. Benjamin F. Hill and family of a wife and two sons, William and Thomas, came from Virginia about 1824 or °25, and settled on the northwest quarter of section 30. He left home to drive to Mt. Carmel, about twenty-five years ago, and was found dead by the wayside. His sons Thomas and William married and settled in the pre- einct. The family of Adam Baird deserve mention among the early settlers. He came from Virginia, bringing with him a family of five children, John, Eamuel, Andrew, William (deaf and dumb) and Silas The first three were ministers of the New Light, and afterward of the Christian persuasion. Silas was a teacher and William a chair and barrel-maker. All are now dead. Frederick Miller was an early set- tler from Indiana. He located in section 31. He was a plain farmer and died at his home many years ago. John Steward, from Virginia, settled on the east half of section 31. He was crippled with rheuma- tism and worked at shoemaking. One Cumming was also an early settler near the locality of Gard’s Point. He went with his face tied up, having sustained a frac- ture of the jaw in the operation of extracting a tooth. John Moore, a New Light minister came from Vir- ginia about 1825, with a family and settled on section 36. On one occasion, when he was crossing the Bonpas, on his return from a tour of preaching, he saw Joseph Preston and Harrison Ingram skating bare-foot, with . chips of wood strapped to their feet, having walked without shoes a distance of five miles to reach the ice. Samuel Moore, brother of John, moved from Virginia to Indiana, and thence to the southwest quarter of section 25, the old James Black place. After two or three years he moved to the southwest quarter of section 24, where he made the first improvements, and settled per- manently. He was a New Light exhorter, and he died many yearsago. William Bratton came to the precinct about 1827. He settled on the east half of section 36, or the west half of section 31, township 1 north, and reared a family of three or four children. He was a farmer and mechanic, a sociable and good-hearted man, and he accumulated a considerable amount of property. William 8S. Hill, a farmer and stock-raiser of section 32, came west to Wabash county from North Carolina in 1829. P. G. Greathouse, a farmer, gunsmith and blacksmith of section 1, was born in the county in 1827. A. W. Gilkison, section 25, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in the county in 1832. Adam Stoltz came to Pennsylvania, from Alsace, Germany, with a family, in 1828. In 1834 he moved to Illinois and settled on the southwest quarter of section 21, but is now in Lick precinct. The family married and settled down in the neighborhood of their father’s home, and are the oldest German family in the precinct. One of the daughters, Vieve, married Fred Marx, from whom the family of that name are descended. P. P. Keepes, of section 20, a farmer and county treasurer, came from Germany in 1828. The first colored settler was Charles Goings. He located on the south half of section 19 in 1835. An Indian from Tennessee, also named Goings, settled with Charles at the same time. Gard’s Point post-office was first kept by Dr. Ezra Baker. About 1842 it was kept by Reason Gard, who retained it about ten years. It changed possession two or three times, and finally came to the hands of Joseph Shearer, the present incumbent. The first school in the precinct was taught by William Townsend in a log school-house on the northwest quarter of section 30, in the year 1830. Townsend was a Methodist minister, and opened and closed his school with prayer, and was regarded as a good teacher. The school-house was of the old time type, with puncheon floor, seats and desks. On the southeast quarter of section 25, about 1833, was built a log build- ing, designed for a church and school-house, and used for these purposes for a number of years. At this point is an old grave-yard, still kept in preservation. In the locality of Cabbage Corners, so called from Justice Gard’s cabbage patch that was near it, or, as some say, from the circumstance that one young man “cabbaged ’’ another’s girl, stood a log school-house at an early day. The Gard’s Point burial grounds, south- east quarter, section 28, is the oldest in the precinct. The first land entry was made by James Claypole, in the southwest quarter of section 4, August 5, 1814. December 30, of that year, S. M. Russell and C, Dana entered four hundred and eighty acres in section 33. June 10, 1815, Philip Hull entered the southeast quar- ter of section 21. April 20, 1816, James O. Chetrod, the northeast quarter of section 28. May 9, 1818, Icha- bod C. Griffin, the southeast quarter of section 24. August 29, same year, T. Ayeres and P. Mundy the southeast quarter of section 36, and Oct. 22, also same year, James Black the southwest quarter of section 25. Lick Prairie is the smallest precinct in the county, but it contains some excellent land and well-improved farms. BIOGRAPHY. JOHN STRAHAN (deceased,) Was born in Lawrence county, Kentucky, in 1825. William Strahan, his father, was a native of North Carolina, and from there moved to Kentucky, where he died. John Strahan came to Illinois in 1861, and set- tled in Bonpas township, Wabash county. He followed the peaceful avocation of a farmer. He lived near the present village of Bellmont until 1870, when he ‘bought 180 acres of land in section 14 in Lick Prairie, and there made his home until his death, which took place February 4, 1883. He was a member of the Christian church, and lived a Christian life. He was a kind husband and an affectionate father, and died re- gretted by all who knew him. He was a man of kind and generous impulses, though firm. Henever made a contract or an obligation that he was not ready and willing to meet. That trait was eminently characteristic of him. He married Olivia Ann Newman, of Wayne county, West Virginia. She died in 1873. He sub- sequently married Mrs. Ann Boyer. She still survives her husband. By the first marriage there were eight children, two are living, whose names are William H. and Rosaline Strahan. William H. was born February 19, 1854. He is yet at home carrying on the farm. He like his father before him votes the Republican ticket. BOND. LAWRENCE CoO. Crawford county, on the east by Russell, south by Lawrence, and west by Petty townships, and comprises portions of Con- gresioval townships 4-11, 4-12, and 5-11, 5-12. The surface in the northwest is somewhat elevated and broken, and was at the time of the first settlements covered with scattering trees, and occasional patches of timber. On both sides of Brushy Fork, near the centre of the township, lies Lackey’s Prairie. On the west, along the Embarras river, there is a considerable amount of bottom Jand heavily covered with timber. Brushy Fork and the Embayras are the main sources of drain- age. The earliest settlement in the township was made in the neighborhood of Pinkstaff station, about the year 1815, by Tennesseans, Adam Lackey, Sr., a Revolu- tionary soldier, came to Lawrence county in 1813, and went into Fort Allison. He had three children, Adam, Jr., Elizabeth and John, an infant of two years. At the return of peace and the cessation of Indian hostilities, he moved to the N. E. + of the S. E 2 of section 5, T. 4, R. 11, and there settled permanently and died. His sons, Adam, Jr.,.and John, married and settled in the vicinity, and have a number of representatives in the county. About this time, three brothers, William, 342 John and David McCord, with families sought homes in the same vicinity. They first settled on the N. E. quarter of the N. W. quarter of section 5, T. 4, R. 11. John and David located at what is now Pinkstaff sta- tion. A negro settlement was begun in the township, sections 8 and 9, T. 4, R. 11, in the year 1815 or ’16. Lion and John Morris settled respectively on the N. E. quarter and the S. E. quarter of section 8, which they entered in 1816. In 1817 Joshua Anderson settled on the N. E. quarter of section 9. Elihu Cole, Obed Go- ings, John Porter and Matthew Steward lived in the same settlement. The Morris’ and the three brothers Anderson were in Fort Allison, and used to go scouting with the other occupants. The mother of the Morris’, whose husband was killed by the Indians, expressed the revengeful and mirth-provoking desire, that a cannon be placed on Dubois Hill to exterminate the race who were the authors of her wrongs. The negro settlement has been pushed southward, and now lies mainly in Law- rence township. About the year 1819 a community of the sect known as Shakers, numbering about forty in all, was formed on the Embarras river, at what is now Charlottesville, by immigrants from Shakertown, Knox county, Indiana, which, now extinct, was quite a village in 1821. The Shakers held their property in common, and transacted all business and financial matters through Become tin Lay AE vee tee iz mr Be nes OE ee : seis 49, T.Z#S. R. 1 W. (FRENCH CREEK TP.) bee EDWARDS CO.jLL. THOMAS WOOD, SEC oni e Bale, a. : ee eR ag Cs Oe eR a. Greet ; eons To peta cies nnihg Ae ca te on ame Selva een te Cigi wr * NTR et tek ARB, ce A as a ane i he Es e reat Beane TT Ae i aa ee FS ae RESIDE: JAMES W. BEAR, SEC. 26 T. 2, R. 10, DIXON PRECINCT, EDWARDS Go. /LL. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 343 a board of trustees composed of three individuals. Dan- iel Rankin and A. Gallaher were members of the first board, William Douglas, George Legier and William Davis also occupied the position of trustees. On their arrival, in 1819, they built two houses, one for the men and another for the women, as the sexes lived apart from each other. The “Shaker Mill” soon followed, and was put in operation in the spring of 1820. It was a frame water-mill with one set of burrs, and was built on the west bank of the river. The Shakers had oper- ated it about two years, when the breaking of the mill- dam cast discouragement about them, and having leased the property to a man named Beecher, they abandoned their plan of founding a permanent settlement on the Embarras, and emigrated to Shakertown and other points. The lessee operated the mill about two years, when, in 1824, it was purchased by Asahel Heath and his son Renick, who moved it across the river to the present site of Charlottesville, rebuilt it, added a set of burrs, and operated ic fifteen or eighteen years. It enjoyed an active existence till about ten years ago when it was abandoned. Some three or four years since it was washed away. At one time it was an important centre, and attracted custom from points fifty miles distant. Asahel Heath, formerly from Ohio, had lived two years in Indiana, prior to his arrival in the township in 1824. He had a family of eight children, viz.: Renick, Ran- dolph, Asahel, Jr., Felix, John, Catharine, Charlotte and Osborn. He was a-soldier in the war of 1812, and held the commission of Major. He died in Crawford county. In 1827 Renick married Melinda Baker, with whom he is still living in Russellville. She came to Indiana as a part of her father’s family two days after the battle of Tippecanoe, and to Illinois in 1817. Mr. Heath was a soldier in the Black Hawk war from Crawford county. One night while living at Shaker mill his slumbers were disturbed by the barking of a wolf which continued till day-break, when he took his gun and started on a tour of investigation. The wolf was jumping about and barking violently, and seemed not to notice a pursuer, Just then a panther leaped to the ground from a limb, and both animals made good their escape in opposite directions. Beneath the tree from which the panther leaped, was found the half de- voured body of a coon, which was the probable “ bone of contention.” About the year 1818, William Childress from Tennes- see, married Jane Howard, and settled in the N. E. quarter of the N. W. quarter of section 5, T. 4, BR. 11, where he settled permanently and died at the age of about seventy-five years. In this year Edward Mills married Prudence Howard and settled on the N. W. quarter of section 6, T. 4, R. 11. Near this time, John Dollahan, a Wesleyan Methodist minister, with a family of some size, from Ohio, located permanently on the N. E. quarter of section 5, T. 4, R 11, where he planted an orchard and founded the earliest grave-yard in the township. James Bryant, a Tennesseean, about 1819 or ’20, married Mrs. Anderson, whose first husband’s father was one of the earliest settlers in Allison Prairie, made his home in section 5, T. 4, R.11. William Ran- kin, a carpenter, who first located near Lawrenceville, moved, with his wife and three children, David, James and Susan, and settled half a mile south of Charlottes- ville, about 1835. In 1826, Levi and John Lee, from Ohio, the former with two children, Sobrina and Abner, settled respectively on the N. W. quarter and the S. E. quarter of section 33, T. 5, R. 11. After a residence of five years the former moved to Jasper county. Samuel Pollard, in 1825, brought from Tennessee a family of children, Edward, William, Madison, Jackson and Susan, and settled on the Dollahan place. Madison was drowned on the Embarras at the Shaker mill. The other children married and settled in the county. In this year Aaron Beck, brother-in-law of John Dollahan, came from Ohio with a family of five or six children and settled on the N. E. quarter of section 25, T. 5, R. 11, where after a number of years he died. John Helvenstein settled in the Pinkstaff neighborhood, about 1825, He came from Kentucky with a family of two sons, Washington and Andrew, and several daughters. Wilson Price, a soldier of 1812, born in North Carolina, came to Bond township from Tennessee in 1827, and with his wife and four children, W. C, James A., Har- riet A., and Mary J., settled on the S. E. quarter of sec- tion 2, T. 4, R. 12, where he resided permanently. He died in Lawrenceville in 1874 at the age of about ninety- two years. The sons married and became permanent residents of the township and county. Silas Reed, with one daughter, Sarah, from Tennessee, in 1827, settled on the N. W. quarter of section 1, T. 4, R.12. William Norris operated a cotton gin fur some time from the year 1826 on the S. W. quarter of the S. W. quarter of section 4, tp. 4, range 11, to which locality he had moved it from Allison prairie. Samuel Drake, an early settler with a family, made his home on the 8. W. quar- ter of section 28, T. 5,R.11. In 1828 came Edith Hunt, Allen G. McNece and Thomas Cook, from Ten- nessee. Mrs. Hunt had five children, Nancy, Sally, Perlina, George and Pollard. Her husband was shot for desertion in the war of 1812, and Wilson Price was one of the soldiers detailed for the execution. McNece and Cook were brothers-in-law and had families. William Mullen, also from Tennessee, with a family of six or seven children, settled in the township in 1830. The Mullens, Prices, Cooks and McNeces and Hunts were related, and formed a neighborhood in section 2, T. 4, R. 12 and section 35, T. 5, R. 12. In this neigh- borhood settled Edward and Jeremiah Taylor, young married men from Kentucky. Among the early settlers of the township were families named Prickey, Randolph , and Nay. The first house for school purposes was built of logs near the present Pinkstaff station about 1825, and re- mained in use some six years. Rey. John Dollahan 844 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. . was the first resident minister, and Asahel Heath the first justice of the peace. The earliest land entries are as follows: February 5, 1816, Lion Morris entered the N. E. quarter of section 8, T. 1-11; February 22, 1816, John Morris the S. E. quarter of the same section ; September 30, 1816, A. Gallaher, the S. W. quarter of section 28, T. 5-11; October 31, 1818, Peter Price, the E. half of the 8. E. quarter of section 33, T. 5-11; April 17, 1819, Robert A. Miller, the E. half of the N. W. quarter of section 28, township 5-11; June 10, 1819, Cornelius Vannarsdell, the southwest quarter of section 36, T. 5-11. The following is a list of supervisors with their terms of office: Robert Dollahan, 1857; Benjamin Rogers, resigned, and L. 8. Highsmith for unexpired term, 1858; Benjamin Rogers, Jr., 1858, 1859; Wil- liam M. Carlyle, 1861; Asahel Heath, resigned, and Robert Dollahan for unexpired term, 1862, 1863; Aaron Clark, 1864; Asahel Heath, 1865; Aaron Clark; 1866, 1867 ; Robert J. Ford, 1868 to 1876 ; H. A. Waters, resigned, and W. H. Fritchey, for unexpired term, 1877, 1878; W. H. Miles, 1879; Robert J. Ford, 1880; Wil- liam H. Miles, 1881; Robert J. Ford, chairman, 1882; John Bancroft, 1883. The oldest town is CHARLOTTESVILLE Situated on the Embarras river. It was laid out by Asahel Heath, March 22, 1837, on the S. W. quarter of section 28, T. 5, R. 12 W., and surveyed and platted by Samuel Duvlap, county surveyor. Twenty-five years ago it contained two dry goods and two grocery stores, a blacksmith and a wagon shop, and a grist mill, which clothed it with the evidences of life and prosperity, while at present it is a mere waste. BIRD’S STATION Is a thrifty and thoroughly live town on the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad, which extends north and south through the township. It was laid out on the N. W. quarter of the N. W. quarter of section 22, T. 5, R. 81, by John Bird, and on the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 29, same town and range by Felix Wampler, and surveyed and platted by J. B. Benefiel, county surveyor, and the plat was filed for record September 10, 1878. In this year Isaac W. Baldridge built the first house, a frame dwelling, at which he kept the post-office. W.H. Cochrane built a frame storehouse and sold the first goods in 1879. In 1881 Lindsay and Bristow put up a frame store and occupied it with a stock of drugs. The railroad com- pany built a depot in 1882. PRESENT BUSINESS. Physician.—N. F. Lindsay. General Merchants.—J. H. Klinger, F. M. Pinkstaff, Josephus Henry, Nuttall & Ford, Tromley & Catlett. Drugsand Groceries.—Lindsay & Bristow. Blacksmiths.—Charles Howard, Isaac Shields. Shoe shop.—Perry Perrine. Grain Dealer.—John Wampler. Postmaster —F. M. Pinkstaff. Photographer.—F. Glass About two and three-quarter miles south of Bird’s on the same railroad is : PINKSTAFF STATION. It was laid out by Owen Pinkstaff on the southwest quarter of section 8, T. 4, R. 11, and surveyed and plat- ted by B. Benefiel, county surveyor February 23, 1877. T..J. Pinkstaff built a combined dwelling and store, and sold the first goods in 1878. He still continues in bus- iness, and is post-master. The post-office was established in 1877, and Alonzo Eaton was its first keeper. QLEAN Was laid out by George W. White on the S. W. quarter of section 8, T. 4, R. 11, in the spring of 1882. In that year Fernando Johnson built a combined dwelling and store and commenced selling groceries. 6Z81/ TIT “OO Sprempy]* * °° * * StIUB_ ad1004 Jo oJIM]* * * ” oe ” ee Re me OFST|"IIT OO Sprvapy]* °° * * TeAavany OB.1004) JO OTM) * en eae » [iit ts sqreq seuty} lorst ir 7eO sprempay so Tt TT Adsl ered keh) is a er 7+ 9 © yousa wuu LaSEPTIL S00, Fetus pal) «BON ULE BUS eNetS wie ee ge ee ey eee ee aces Rae acs Ss atecate emer e ee of loan 2 leaa a se aem onaen 898T) "PUL “eo MOU DL) | ASA CH OH JO OHM TT! 2 i 4 es Sees ooo au ete “0, Poseouaey Dott are Ww stuuvsyt Jo aim} * i ae ” ee ce SOBER. BAIN, S98T/OHUO (80 SABI TD! etapa: He Wee |S ee Fe ari | lustig og pause | ott eis: eee 7 ogy [Df DA srousa ‘wyeH 5 y ” ” a v ee n= Se OF ree AX eee ce fog to as eee aes ehauote ie a a aes eee Ecco Beit io oe ag won|? vt s suryoIny “gf "Aey JO OAL . » |! "asta “H Ate ata 2 ST. Sp 28 t ce) eee a eae i * uo Buravoys “"H BinVT UL |lsest|'ea ‘vrydepeliyg “Yam s.UYyor 3S ‘snqliay Loyooy| * * * ” : ” : sutqojny PSST! TIL fog SPIBMPA| * ae SpooM SBI[A JO OF AL Eas ” ee ” 7 ees ae stl@ 865 oye pt * * ySnoy “L "Wl gO optimal 7 1 46 te Ke oe ee “ ul0olV. OLNVAL SESL Wf v0, SspiB Mpa ose osnoyy SPOOM Jo lojotidoig Pee. ” ss ” Patent Sadbee Pe aun) eet Osa rs s1008 ++ + + qgrayg Jo yoinyg stoyseg]* * * worqry| °° worqry|’ 7 LW ‘ySnoy TLST} * “pay * 09 Sasud eects, ee SOT SORTA ay fee - bs adele ee eget ‘spoon f Hi ‘IT "OO Spavaps!* * [BH Wg sauup jo opr oyeq| + + Igsst‘gz\3deg = p,vaq! * ; WOSTOW UNG, YIequzily SesLl Il ‘ 50D, SPICM P| sc BOWO WSC “WID) * e03 ” ee ” elaie ante Ss mt Oe yh OL aelsag ‘Kazing|* °° Yodnyo ueysyo ‘eisturpy) * ** i te a soot or-g sawmup ‘(TER Ossi] BU ‘oTYs}os10q, 717 OHM Udosor Jo FIA)" ty ue is cord “A AAV | | T@8T) P spiwapa|* °°? eEuBSMOnT joatiml’ * ++ 4, | uosdwoyy “yf eounstog osgt| "Bucy ‘a.4rysjasioq] * + * aoved om Jo aa1ysNF] * + + TOIQIy| ” uolgty| "© X* ydexor ears $ ue81/ MIE [OO SPxeMpal|” 7 ¢ 7 | SH ene OEM : es ici ree OssT[VA ASCO atiysd A) + ttt * TVA, WL “et Jo agi oquy| + + + + + eLsti62 "900 Pea]: tt ee inattes OPSTI IT | ioe Sewn » sss euemian gp pioomer es 2 [kes pees Tgounyy ‘9 aruuy SEs1/OTYu! op Buryor'y] * + syFOM apqdUW Worqly Jo dor)" 7 oy ft DODD I gl Si resehd [erent ao Plier oinpoejaaeyy weaie Eee Besta” 2 ep eg Pasunasog S281 “8D sprwapa| ° uosdwoyy, “Ea JO aFtM yu sedd]* * + WOrgTy) | uolqly eS en a ct Wud eeu 2 fae ms © PHARM OSLGES Goma eA: ” f u vss Suosit ay aauy 4881] "AN “Jojsayoud] ° dosduto, “a “a Je aut ysatel) 7? TE OTN Oe a om aad aol ert ue ton Saran ‘FoIMpRNUBA, YRuo[_ pur wuodeml* °° ‘ » + 1} eBroaN ‘pur yuviy 6z81| °° “Bug ‘uopuoT) "ttt | + uoasing pur uvrosséyd Bee 55 a a Lone ft ‘ oe fe TUE ef tee Teale ae ee Garg ea eee ” ‘ ? Be ge * Auneq *f sony BEST] SS Bd OO MIOAY TDD Df SOE EM FO OMT le ee OP fa es eS ee all pul Cop altvig) ttt MUL queomaeNy| °° * eee vo aa ionsog Ges IL MOO SPUCNPH | Stet FER OLED) BOLSTV Eo oe (aeqany aan) § aa ya pee “IT “og purpyory| * “yst3 ‘rT Jo oftM quasaig|* * * dolqry|* * * worqry| ” puvystoH TT A[LwWa IS8LP AM “8D [Os PIBD SOS FOURS 0 OFAN To? oe we AN See ison vit eet UT hey boaeiase nl 2 Sa ‘OT Jo ayia qsatg|* + * * pogi|‘p1 ing pood|* °° * + 7 UTpavy uesng 1gsl| “Wuay “oy Tae YO UgsAQserg pur|roquung Joys! aI] © + WoIqry] = + * WOTIW q oves] F1aS op onuey) °°) yoINyg a "MW ‘oqscutyy| «°° : pester toh orgy ‘ysipzug ssl} * * ‘pawisug] ° 23 Sayan es Se ee ee ON daso i dap eee ey He gatnoue Berl i 3 cee Fs + + gosramwg stiiuy JO ajIM|* * * . Pat a sess Ss ke Cpl est « ‘ae ei at terre “nnug a 3040 lee a aes Seay slant Bs FIT COD spivapa| ° DULNOL WOIQLY IQn_ Pur 10}py] * + * » [ttt oo [2 fl Sion uossaurargy ve gt alg SAESS vee 8 wa Be. Wins aoe eee eo AP ay la woke fee 7 [es ssoqaeq.) Suostoutul TS8L UT “09 spivapath’ 2 > * TOBA, WOSE AM ere a etna v1 eisai cen Sere oo ae oest UT we eigen oo tone “dune tee Hay sae - se is “ aoqSUIABOsS ‘H nied 6E8L] © “B_ ‘UMOISIION yyMg Uyor Jo ajia Juasolg pees MOlay bad 2a worry Kurd eny See ee Ore a8 Ss ae go ieee “spoon sayystoang 8quay fsopiey, quByouay| * + * = : q ¢ * *'N '8 ‘Aqreq TEE ad ee ee ee eee ee eee eee ee ee Trt ee eae Pent rop eMUM|. oo katy Amey goostm| ss oR fee ON [tote Spremoy "9 Avy OZ81lILL ‘OD spavapgy syuoura[dwiy [Ady y daqiuny aed) so ae to ” oe ee wee na fer bs Soren is QUBMUET. puwiseAolsray aaieo| Se aalary Ss gorqyy Aaa Fy ‘Sq eq BEST TEIN CUOMOL LE COUN OS UNOL LO eT eed oY Or oc pyre la coe cous eeu uemo aU “ACN COQ aduvsO] * 1 WoSH TH Ad JO om aywy] © + +" 1sst|"9 “a8d Bea (0a e0u) 880q “9 eqeud osgi|* °° * ‘payjsug)* °° soawjueg MYOL Jo afr ate aie 9981/'€ ABIE POST) oo Tt rao! onuattiog ‘td ‘erydjopeityd ‘s+ + + Goa8ing puv uurorsdyg| °° * ‘“ oe ” “1H Suosyord ee eee a eg oS MOAT JO OO ea tee erie : eeaeh, HH ‘09 spauapy|* °° ° * ¢ Aqqeq yueigq Joatmi’ oy foto "1 1 Tqeavam Gola ZLBI] ° “PUT “0 Aesod) "7 TT Dp MMM “fH JO SUTAA) * TY 8 eee % ce Mt ‘TU 0D spasapoy + * grrayg puv 1as0r9 jesattay| °° * 3 nen » [if tf) yaw ‘qed SLL ea “OD ayedud iS MAV'T-7B-ADULOILY ‘ i Bis ” Peas : c i sana IL * ay ueigua|* °° Surpang “MY Jo taujopy| - * * " se + (NGM 990) Suyping yoruvy POST] °° CON ‘Wlo[Ug ylemeqg Jepuexely jo afia. Juesald a uolaly . uOIqly : WeuTeses Vv nd ae pave vel eek ae “Buypang Ay aero dsuren oe ” ‘ X ” + ug Gaoquay Burppang Lest | 430g tostapueH|* qAvatoyg Jopuexaly jo ayim yaa] © + | + + egst|'og "dv Pood] * fr ena ituste “ “o9 gore oa “Sauping "MM IOaIMl Ul Le + aqhE “HY euTfepeyy ran Bro qneuaee : sot 8 [981g soso SEAL ee a : Sees sab wera E puysug Seoys pur sjoog UL Javed PUB IJ] °° TOLQ]y "* woIqITy]> " * ° * en we a eee ter nS obs Se ge ° soe “ * WISIUD vysl OOJIM awy]' °° Og si 5 ey epee = TO. YUBA ossile AM BINGSIIVIO| tt sUW qoyouy jo‘duid/" = + 0 y fit ow fit tt en) ee “rs "08 aura Beads vag oe a awe fenerion seat yore, pdoa|' °° pearypy rayysoy pa tr es core won cont Wee ee aaa snes - + uotpyy tt i $ ee erat ‘oryO ‘TWwuUauIg)* Tt ugusypourg}]* + * a fone - Sf oF seusTpa ‘oteoga 8 ; a ee Sais he y ee ri Sceeuey Bear ees “ay PO® BHAuawoT|* = ** 1younyy sewer lo aim!" °° 3 me js 7 ft ss raaveny ATV 9181] "IIT “oo useava) + >t yp euded “yd ee ede = fee Bde ay vainuitne "eine IT “09 spreapat| roysvunsog ¥ 1uvodeyl jerousy| "= + wolary|* <- wolgry|* + + * souree “liyomiig 9L8L|"TIT (OD POUSTHBTT) | TY ‘Id Jo alt : Ke nee 2 sr Cupqeanug weTeH "Ay faqitasmory) * 7 UOMO Sapiwyy Jo aftm oyerT] © > + * MST ‘eydos yy "7" WIBYSULULIT 078 Bret ILL “Og sPrwMpaT)” ©) UEEOIOOM (Of AT SO OMY Le OP fee wt lop ‘UBT W TM“ ps] Borwurer| © + [Yvanyy selteyo Jo oytm yseg| * * * SSL ‘S1UouBY Pog)’ | 1° WeutLIIEg euur Us| * “pul * "op woTu) ttt uoeziug pay UvlorsAud| * °° ” res, ” IN O Sauade qoIBaLe ITi09 spivang| * S quuyorayy perauag| °° - " =e i ++ sapeyy “tyomyp Go| ist es pue[sag| * ef: * SOY! 241005 JO OFM)" 7° ” one ” +e) 9xr00H “spayOTP lit “op sprempq| °° * * yaqdaws “Wee Jo otM|* cs eta aal : ‘+ + go-dwuyy, jeaqvuaay sist “1h ee a Mins ; gpa stovedd| == wolgiwl << moly|* «+ aalug “y Arey “yp fog oudem|? tt Meqqeousony| so, Be" Sgr peqdureg eee ee aio Poo anal = 2 A MOT MOT 0 apt eat re es ady poo)" * quBArg oy IL “9g Spaempa|'smagy “09 spreMpy gud puvsoypa)’ tt oy fT om fl 1 Dt feuyem “tadjog 2 : NG | gk poe eA see ee raj genes “Mor "9 0 Hp! 7 Sosy uyor Jo atm|* * * sue cot tt qrodmon orauy eS8L[ TIT Soo Spawmpa|* oot tf 1 1) MOT WH JO OHM - ++ uolgryle * wolqiy]s we loot 981) TIL 09 SpleApa + aoyeg eBoy Joajtm/s tt oy Jt tt om | 7 tS aosurNM “9 Aony 9S8L/II "OO Spue Pe 487 ud 5 SIAL, “290 a tee 8 © gurodg aarty ‘epeLy + paylsay aiametisans F aonpoig ‘saisvo01g Ursayweq| * * * ss 3 4 i "tts e8duay ‘aye PERT UL “OO SprvMpo) © © 1 7 TT MOT “O “VW JO OFT oh Ll 7 7 Beaty saree Pwedy TT TL “ocy ‘mors pest] °° * puepug|: °° °° °° aamoguyop yoorm| oy [ttt oo fo tf G3edg avsng Gest" * MME SIAL | ieee esa as eee ce +++ +yemse9 vyfoisa dltest|* °° * Auvuney|* * * ‘xoyeqepug pagsaimedie~gf* sy, ft tt Torts ayo ‘esog Ee oe oau ig hioatieio -doay| + oly] «+ wokary| « - -psemouy, -rp ‘yyrUIg owEsy yo ot] * Bz-DeRl° 8 ly “Ly prow", Arey} [Lest pay oo utoqieaq) * ¢ 7 | | OvPIIBA ‘d "UM JO OFM) 1) 96 "09RD SOIT Bae THREE “OQ Sbavapar| ss sss se Gomumg| 2s Fecoeg|7 f+ + captopesy “usrang /[esio Mog aotaeg| °° so equi eon oma Meee Acme aee TSB1)"BA “M “OD Hoorg) + = + “ yaqwig TOW sourup Jo arta) 52 TaM)T TT ow ft More “gf BuItey } || TL8I mm 00 pavyora) TD ede W | sdoueal ** opel’ * OR fet Wy fqn TeSTJOIUQ “OD UrprBA] > + + i * Sdountey] ' * 5% ‘oeg]’ | * [7 1 TOW somep ‘ygting f (981/11 FOO SpuBMpa) © ooo! OXBE“Y eF10aH Jo etm)’ * > 9f 008] " * | » [oo oo depxeg “g Are oFsT| IIT 09 eee Sst sss + opny ear joamtm|* °° gz oa ae i TI 1 It poom vovaqay e981 i “09 Se ee eee Ye Reid + Jguneg|‘ °° gt‘oagl' °° o ‘++ gr eS100n ‘oxeg ges BA OD 1ays "tt 8 tresTey yooag paw taueq)* °° gz ‘90g % bas 9e7T ‘opny 181 oa “op Aoding) © Pett axes dasop yooyim|* °° lezcaag|* ** i +e + doyxeg ysuue BPSIP TIL “OD SpIEMpEt * J9[POW “H “UM Jo aJIM quasarg|* °° PR ‘OOS|* * * WOIQTY)* °° WoYoRIT ‘y BYR Orel a2 Sea ral ane eS we “Touwg|’ °° icoogl' «gy 6[ tt tt * ydesoe ‘axeg eget] "= °° pueysug]- - {TOIPOW “H “OAL JO ogra asattaq] © | > goat ‘67/ Wdeg pod)" °° suTLARY cy div ¢ |)998I Gee aathe ain yee es oxeg aioe oom): °° Fevoeg| 77 [TT 7 euneD yey Cl puysaq): + +: vfs Syaunmg|* °° Fe ag woiqiy) "°° a “HUAN & LOT Pay pa aul 109 ecnens ance aNd -“ yauntg|* °° eecaagh* 7 iy tse + + eBr0an ‘exes f. O98T ** puysugq * 191peW *p Arey Jo puwqsny ary)" °° Test ‘oT/TAeW p,ood ; dH oppay } //Usst) aug 09 aor OS Ae Tug yuvry Jo asta] "+ 1 OF "008 vee vi Ft 8 + og0g W LIB O98T/"A'N “OD WOstPR | * yl craaora seer HUME] TTT oe aR) TT |e Ate outed 990) roppowy f [N81] ° “PAT Cog Aosog) "+o 1 1 1 | yaTwg YUU. “Tawivg|* * ozoag}* 6 [8 ttt query ‘yaTaIg LERT/ PFGE ‘oaysajooyT) - ~~ - + + srayorpy soup lO OHM] 7 1 LBS)" TT ow [ttt teouadg yyoquzt is AURL seen ‘++ + proydoyg sues Jo onal * °° oles} Oo ft tt 8? doqaeg orueg OstlNT Sop epIeMpAl Tt tt ts treurmg|* + + 1Z ‘008 Pit oo [ttt tt seuree ‘spouorpy f )/098t PU Eel co nae ees vt ona | + opoasl: 2 [++ + query ‘preqdeug S281 TTT “on sprempa| * °° seuoqsuoy Seo, JO aHIM |" 1° Br ‘oeg] "7S ” pre pie eh bigae tak}on ounp ) ||Poeb eparerpe Le a i proudegg udosor yo ost * g coag|*-* at fs uae A Aporg gset|* + * purSugq)* scott “7 sarang] * 5 as oeg]" 1 8 7 suMoYy, ‘satoqsto7 f |/8F8L ea a a eet ote + Touuva|’ *° g coagl’ * * wolqiy|* °° ydesor ‘proydayg Testh yy Son sprempo] °° °° slaIeA snutAe'T Joa,” °° Ge ‘oes a 49 * t sreyorn sa est | oat ee > sojvag avin puv jueyoray|* tae tes Spoom go LEST INT Son sprwang]| © * ¢ * yuepuesurredng jooyog op] * «+ oe toag|* * Soy Pt ttt tsmaraory Ssrrawyy f || RPST May Medatie Sanee| a Jojvad wiesy pus juvgoray| Ag) oo Aayal’ ++ qraqoy ‘Aosureg FE" -Q Son no. sem] tO BuryooH SuuoyL, Jo ota] ” °° FL “OeR}* ¢ * " eM VU bee “og spawmpg|* °° SdL0}d “V SO]TeYD Jo OM)" | 5 OkTEG/ TT ow fe proydaug Wequanq SSSI TIT “og srammng| sot * vss st youed| "+ FL -o88 ° : at "ot sumoyy, Faro f ESI UL Be Cte i . - jauneg|* -* og-aag]* °° uolqry}* °° “W sajaeyy ‘aorerg FEBUTTT SON spavang|* * * TED svuroyy, Jo atm quesarg) "°° ST ‘0ag)," °° dorqly) * , edoyavys “WoyRuaTA “UT eee t Bo aS (WuE puvurpsag Jo arta)’ + * Loag)? oo ow fot tt éerg Bparpey ABSU;NT 09 Spmmmpal’ © TT swUTOYL Jo ota asa] * ¢ + + 3 FLRT|E 30 Pood! + + * s Rmuotry ite § eee PUT Moo et ae e “youued|* °° 2 coag)* + * Ata} * * puwarpieg ‘uae METI “OD SNrRADAT Sees * "TOULIBT) * * * ST ‘OeR] "°F ”» oe suo, “TED SST TE 09 spivapa| * * HeqoHW q seUOYT, JooIM]’ + OF 0ag care iS + geqqryom viormuay FBI TNT Con spreapg] * * TostommMNg “"T USNA oor] °° Becoog]’ wy ft Gaeo SaUe | LEBT|OLYO “og wolurAl’ °* se qounual* * * og-oag] (°° UOrqry|* * “@ sBMOU, WeqoTH SPOUT CO SIMTEMD ST] SS TS aa nee oe eclgneas oo | lee 1 Teen aka erT [oer ‘PIAL ‘ouord, “00} * * SOUL] WETTTEM Jo efIM yuaserg| * °° L ‘O08 * AIUG} + 8 tt Sapyvarg ATV BeAT IT “OO shammpa| 7 oT TT) SOME BIOL Jo ara)’ © getoeR; TT ft isp womva f |(seet| tt seu] * Sour] wn HIM JO agtm year) © 07 | 2 tT poeql' tt tt Wemed wartey, ce ana) (tS e eS ts eee Rommel * © * ge eg) * © * Worql¥| "= yutsor ‘sean, i> Spertumaarples week PO eaueg) °° n coagl Aart] soo + urertay ‘sary ASBI"IT “on sprwmpay) | 1 7 St tt HAVIO Aowrg Jo oytM Ge) MOORS as. «See wil Ranta Sear Sa 1981/0 “09 woyTwe A * Wee UYoOr Jo astm yuasarg| °° * 9% °90g * molqTy]* oo Tt e99atleA yersg Sst TIT ON SpaBMpAl "tt! = SOAS SL 06 eB ara oa, AOU UO I981]"IIT “09 spiumpy]” "°° WlulleA UYOr Jo oyim year] © * * * * FL81)"62 490 POPC)’ | | 1 WeA@sooY vYrieg SST)" OD SpaBupgl 1 7 7+ * FeXJoo SEUIOW JO eM)" 1S FTES!) TT ow [TT Tt stated wig 1es1 ye ‘oaryshqtod|* + * 7 + “Jouueg)* ** 9g ‘oeg)* * * uuIqiy|* * °° 7 * uYyor ‘were OSRTTT “on snreapa| ’ o * * Testey YooIg puw Journey)" + + FL coeg)" | | pgs 6 UOMO at oe ay og fasog] "117 qu Leeurep Joastm|* * 8t'9ag)" 7 77 ow | ttt sreaeny-p AouwN 6F8I| puvlSuq ‘Aaring| * + euIOIQ sawEP Jo ayIM yMasarq|* °° Cz ‘oaR Tory ena Aa|svoq Avy 8e81| I "09 Sea eee om - sgauueg|* * * grcoagl’ °° ata]? °° * yy souree yung ct teos ss poepsuqg) ct SWOID SOUIEL JO JIA ASIN TGF, “IBY ‘Pury “Sag uy pa eg MOOS UPOORZrl ol ezell* IWOOT Ott SHUeyT sow Jo astm] * + a oooe ri cots Bday envy Test}s + te yporton tt ht Pgounreg| "oz caag worqiy) soup ‘au0.1g Peet tr eal spavapa| ‘ccc -Taunea| oo m8 i Stes prop ‘sey Fast) ocr Say audem] + * * WjOog uruefaag yo orm ageT] "+ + * + TeRt|"1Z Aine ped tre ene TT W Sush “op aieges 2s Oe Asnay Jo asia) ees 4 fees + 4 Paoqeg aon seat) “Sap ‘aaryssr0x| * “eS SsoyovaL pus Jewmreg) - °° of ‘9ag ae Sse eee True fda Hood LEST ITS 09 Siceueae oe 88 Sh - Jamey] "°° € ewiee ” cor 8 + suey YEO Stat ITT Od spaeapay| * Senund blag pe ane a SB nolaiy ce ean upgi| * “pur "aD. Kesod| "1 1 1 7 7 TID UIMpy joajrm| "+ * 6 Be * 5 qyBroreyD "y Aru geR AST COQ Uostneyy] °° SuUNG eB10ax Jo eytm asata|* °° * * cegt|® 4 ‘00d ae es eee STITT testlur “og sprempa| "ttt oe Touuaed | * 6 meee + tT rapa yt dest] “+ * puefaq]* * t+ resrey yamg pur emaegq|* °° 1Z‘oag]* a oe eS10en ‘Sanung Berries ‘09 spivanpal|* * : 1 + woerg eBs099 Jo afta) * + git a * * UosrauUg JOLIE ZERL om “og Aatqory| * + Satyung soury yo ayra quasarg|* °° Tz-oagl’ °° WOTaTy + + sgx0odaan “gq Aon] } ae ‘dug “og Kasing|* s+ * : "* ‘gouegy 7g “oagl oT ow [1 7 1 efuoag ‘aeerp LPST Wm “op spasapgy] ©" ZunUng sowy yo aytm puonag]~ * * Fst ‘oz TeIwW Pood) * * -Hemuesg “V SUIS BPSI|IIT “OO Sprempa|* * °° * raA0TH aB10aH Jo atm zecoagl- * * am Ste Kreg ® avurred gest] * * + + puyfaq]* + * Sunong SOUW JO JIM YSITT) * * oe * ost] ‘er ABW pod fle a suuia | 9F81| IIL COD spawapa|* * * * + * requadaey puv Joueg|* Teoagl* tt us + +++ + 981009 ‘I9A015 TST UL “OD Spammng)* ott fog ok TO Oe Ee OR ee RIN a ee ye LEST ee ‘arrysdqied) selysueqnely "J ‘OQ AiuaH Jo atm)‘ °° 9B 2a5|" + » fo tt were Vy yRies TS8T/* * * * AtwwrageyH}* * * * qreyUIvg Uepy Jo ramp0W! * Se eS ac al bs ovgt}* ° eissiig seq "agauud|* * gees) Tt [a Arca da] ysuaquyly, TesT]° + + + AmemmraH| * + + + + queq UTE” UBpy Jo Ty] * [2 ogst|A1,qeg peed)" * | |W ‘08H ae qaneL + | geet -tt “oo spieatper | ++ prei[rg sewer Jo 1943014 -@ ag;7 °° “paying yemg Se8T/ TIT OD sPrmmpal’ 6 6 1 7 qreyuseg aBpy jo astm)" + 7 9 ‘oag] ° Sis 2 ee & aaa ae 8281/11 £09 spreapa| * + PARTI sewwe Jo roy)" + 5 6 “VAS}/7 7 oy | tT tT eBs0aN * “paeytte) zest TIT Son sprwapa| tcc tt daunted] © +g 98g : * opttastres ctr tuepy seeders POT 209 Beane © <* veo yung) °° 6 -aagl’ °° WOIgIV)* + * some paRlD CEST TIT “OD sprempa > * * puog [oraurT Je oftm yUaserq] * * * G ‘oag)” *_” UoIqiy)* * + * Poqou OT Gest Seg sprwapal tte oor ydasoe Jootm|: °° ye-aagl* * is Sort gong op equen "tit ss skyomuey]* " * * puog Jeraed Jo aja asarq|* °° * 68! OA era Aa ank ree) yeaa eget; 30g ‘d1,sujooury Stott "+++ Jguneg!* * * gg-oagl: + epmakerp|: - - ydasop ‘uaseig SBRTVTT [OO Sprempa) TE it Pxeumeq): + ¢ ‘oes}' aeaiy| == = 5 5 +o aeeperetony |leetra © Soo, Uoytuy|puBpyUEIyT seUIOYL fo ofIM yUaseld) * * 7 92 08g" °° ~WOIQIY]* °° + OMalLwA “a EINE PRT TTT SOD SpareMpa sO, 28 238 3 ray he eS ee a ae IcSl. ‘sug ‘aarys yo x | * PUBLYUVIT SwUOYL, JO QM sad)“ °° GLE “GL ndag poad|: s+ * + uso] way FRI T Son sprempngy * yseBaqddy prope JO OFTM SIT * * PL8T ‘si: ny Pod) * TW nea acs oesi| © "eq “09 InasoyD| * ee euued GZ ag * s ++ semogy ‘puylyae.g SPST TL “op Spasmpam|* "tt " * " Jausegq)* ° * 9g ‘0ag wolqly oMepely “Ypesos[ddy PEST IIT “OD Spavapgy,* - + + * dostawUA “mM “| JOOTIM| °F caagis e a st ts + spooay ATION OSL TIT "09 SplVM py |SUIO FH LONG Jo 1apadig puvdawivg) © °° F ‘ag)* +” ” 7 tM ‘ep ‘uosramUTy €9g1|"puy ‘ ‘OD PLZIAS] ° walla Ydasor Jo aim yuasarg|* °° g ‘oagl* + woIgEy|(qaTag eau) [LET yauiey ESL] * * “Bq ‘alttAsqog] © °° Wella a ude Jo eJIM paoveg) "°° gest ‘6s dy ——,, _|(4pter 9am) some, ae . é OD Sp.rwad oes ea B80L JO OTIM 4s 7 7 * SeSh|1S"geq peed) * + °° + pasyr Ie L8Va Of AONVY HINOS T dIHSNMOL ae Dae Bog kouttig ee se get pee ee [ees eed aso memaree 1y8l|'Suq “oy xassug]* °° + + + MOTI setteYD JoonM|: — * ee 7 2 pouty qureg oPst| Bug “oD xexsngl > ss tt ‘os younegi so * hogy Pt ttt sapreqg ‘ori ZEST|OLUO rena Tt ft 8 * spxeapg QepHg JO aITA, ahs ” 2a ee 28uv10 * H Ale Ozst| TIT “09 SpleMPA’ "1 + * SHITM “A Moeqoy Jo atm)’ °° g ‘oas|* * * 5 anes * rado09 Vv ACW 8é81] * puv[sug)* °° astyg Jo yornyg ur z9pia ae Bee ” 21 1 19819 ‘spreapa uest|-Ay “op euradon| © °° - putamen apie. & [ETI Medtameat unaa |) gaat ipo aetung) 2 2S aretha paiice Warts > = © Dion [LID t dais terareat TeRt| Pisag ‘asqsqopaseal ss se * STOIEM ydesor JO OTM . et ‘ouge” * ” AL Pah ada qian euer } |icest a oD sess Stes asse seu Dee as eo ” See e eo eae TeRT| Prana ‘ortgeRoraswyy] + = + od Resta ly * > Grage ss lee es 6 Ye eam eed leone ee ised ee ee bees ee mete 8 pee 2 Sag Ge hice FLAT] “ O1YO “0 oyoIDS| * + + + !Spoomy “Mm AtueH Goudeal= 83 gracepe< sa Sl «og Beker tHe ‘eA. BuroouM|: oo Sawag"M sowwp joa t= (6eq 930) Totes canes Test ae! 99, spre wpa Fitts + spo0 ggoenM|*¢* sEaes| ss -* ” 2+ toda yeas llores ° ‘0° “og eoruopy| tt ot doautg: ‘ % o “iy souree Heag ELAL RL Boas OO ees Se, ‘gouneg|’ °° gpaagi: °° sf 8 cag spoon f ||zest ‘vas “OD OABABIOCT] © 1 1 1 * LOIXV SIpIVYO fo aye yy, | + + oF < "' * JaAOTD yess cen ura Nadie Dirt tT spoom .L uyor jo aM)" °° L toagit ct * sro STA ‘Oo uay ) {lepst]* “Sug ‘Seqkurgis °° 7 gaudy ott oe sts + gajieyg ‘1ayxeg St8t) ” my 90 aK AY TTD 1) 1 SPOOM OE aul JouRg)* * "8 “pag! oes oe “Tuyo ‘spoom f |lorst| * “Ay “09 Aiaoes sanang qbienaes JO OJIM WUasetg: * 5 * ate worldly (uoistd 990) JAAOO H BALE fest tI cea sprempat Tilt t SonTM searoyy, Jo agri] * + Gras] + + cos quepe ercepe | (icest|¢ ots ssupy] * “Sunang janueurg jo yr isatg © * 198 ‘ot ‘Buy pved|* * "+ + + testo, vata goat” ‘T “+ puegagq]: ce "+" youaeg]* °° 6Loagl: °° toes + seuOyy, ‘Sat. Oegt| 2am ‘arsmeqzuygong) © + > ee ee ee TOWLIvY | * "4 ‘oogp > 7 aoIqIy)* + panuearg Soyang | B & = *RITAILYN *NOILYd 1.900 ‘mONTaIsau | ‘dorgdo Is0d ‘SVN = *XUTALLYN, *MOILVdN090 ‘doNaaisau | ‘Zoraxo Lsoa *‘aWVN io a 2 : ‘da ONIINOO—[SVA Ol AONVU ‘HLNOS @ dIHSNMOL ‘LSVa OT GONVU ‘HLAOS @ dIHSNMOL FST) TT “0D spIBMpylosnoywwa.ry stouesy Jo ofa yuosatg| * > + SL deg)" War¥gyseM|* °° Bus ‘Pe YBIES oa “Bluwa[ASMUOd * ESNOYIBEIH SOUBIY JO OFIM JSity] °° " TL81 ‘6 ‘deg poiq)/' * *°* QYSILAy COlaNgy Test) "tl (29 epAeM pa * TOW)" * + ST ‘0g! * eta " * spously ‘esnoyqvealy TFBLP UL “OD SPuBwpgle st ss * 9804 ‘d souve fo array * 6 ‘90g 7 tt tt saqiegs sree 0981 AM ‘og UETTV] " ° * " *@OUUA] 8 8 6 08g ‘aaory aiden sets ssa saluur YsodyT 9981 ‘pur * 0g OSuUBIQ}* + * * nae "f OBST JO TOYIOW)] * * * FLeoag|',, yy | * (2100; 9aN) ayn *¢ VoOAQeY SPST T “OO Spuvapgy © ss + TONGA “C OVBS] JO OMI" © * FL OES)" 4 » |? = esnoyweoly “T Bela Bet) TE OOD MSVue a)” te * * * FOUMIBA] ©" + FL “OVG] ‘ Weyegysem|* * * * "Pp oBUST ‘TatINg 2€81/ Ud “OQ OLvMvTOd) * * 1 + SaplLT “A WRIT JO esTM | °° 9g ‘oag]* * i hs Sulipurig dene Le81/'Bd * OD viuMBjad)* tt tts Jojuedivg pus Jaws y| * 93 ‘oag] * * ae St a WITTEN “SODA L81) "Sug ettysdqued DOD DDD SeP iat were Jo ayty £3 09S) * ” Raton | JHE oy. Sést “aug dYSIYBy] ° ee a SB 2 *IOUNBT)* * * Eg “O8g] ° * » ee ee ee SaStTIEAN ‘Sop Test] UL “9D UsBGVM) SSS tt tt Burued}* + 63 ‘o-g} * * affTasueg] + + * ‘a BEd ‘Tayostaq 2681} “Ud “OO YRTYeT) "ott “ST}IND sBuIOyL Jo OTM) * °° Egtoas|* + * ” DDT) Pet “Ww aesns ESL “9D Spavapgyy s**t * due] * 1 gE toes] * +" UoIqry|' * + * t sBUOYL ‘s1qaNg Esl IIL OO sPtempaf| s+ + syamg UAUBIY JO BTM)" * * GE rag] * * e mete te odioy avy ALB IAL 2GxTHT S0O Spavapays tots ** *doUNByY] > * gg oes] * * eT[fAswUg]* °° * UTYyUBIY ‘sang OSL TLL (OO SPAVAPa] "TT Tt sigan UYOL JO SIM] * * ge Oag]* * * ” . 7 VSIUNOW B(BU8 A SBT UL “OQ SPAVMpoE] | Tt te “7 oUNB YT] 8 gE coag)* —* WOlyTy] > * ~ uyor ‘sizing S98l] "PUL “OO Hees)" * WoUNG “| WUVITITM JO 1ayyoP] > * ” ee » (propawag aou) woyXtg “Y ZHA O9STP UT “Oo SPIUAPA* * + + WoRINg “| WUT Jo osTM] * * s Ss 35 "+ 5 siaqed ‘O 90I1V 8981 “PUL "09 Woog] * * "+ + * UoasIng puv uvorsdyd| * * aT]fAsuBg| * * a oo 8 oT WUBITT A WOyxXNg £USL uuey * ‘Oo UouUB)}* se 2 * * propsg, “V'WM Ju ojIM]' * * gg ‘a0g]* * bs a 8 dosBaa) ‘A BUNB Ogst|IIL “OO Spxvapa] > + * "c's *deauey}* * * gg ‘aeg]* * of TASUIUg son UA “pops LES 7 * quoulloA| * pools. “VY Wereg Jo puwqsny oywT)* * + * * osti‘oe wady pow] * °° * * WW uYyor ‘poold SPSL = ‘ purlsug Suruiwy|* * * 8 ‘29g a soos ssw yereg ‘poolg PSL" ST OO OUaw a) Se SS es * poorg, “HL JO ATM] + * * 8 ‘08g % wesnoyz}[oH et 9g8L| TIL “OD SpaBapa} ss ss * 'TOUNBy}* * § ‘veg} SanqsiexIeg| * Hf ‘poorg. SESTH ILL SOO SprusMpat] © + 6 +t propig ‘9 AruaH Jo oIM]* + * 9 ‘BeS) 4 » | * * esnoyzary ‘ff AoutN TFS L[ GUID “oD ProHouiny) © + + + + * Tajuedaeg pu dowmmeg|* * * g ‘oog|‘eaory olde] * * * ‘9 Aruapy paoysy PORL| © “VT ‘ySanqspig)* °° * * rey lag 93.1080) JO OJIM!* * * GZ toa] * * i. te quoquaery * Ww oluuy BYSL| UT eD ysequml]* * “* *douniwgd} * °° 63 ‘0eg}* * 5 "+ + 9Stoay YIeyuleg SUBL/ UL “OO Spavapy] © Wodusg WIEIITITM JO oI yuaseig|* * * 6Z‘oeg]* “oT[TAsWIBG] * * * qIBYyUIEg JoIEAIB LESLIE “OD Spawanpy) "+ Youd” WUTI[TAL FO OFLA astrT] * + + * 1gsi|"4e “00d ped) * * *ywqUIeg equa 8981] * TOD UseqE | * ° * * LOUNBT] © + 6B Bag] * * ” e * WITT 'qouueg LOSL| Bd “OD oByfad| * * tT tt tt some) * + * gg ‘aeg]* ‘epfasureg}* °° souree ‘uMorg . ¢ LSVa Of AONVY HLIYON T dIHSNMOL gost] * UT, “og ysuqua|* °° * YSBIUL "f SBUOYT, JO AIM] * °° LT ‘0ag! * fi sss EE toes] * is tees ew sauuep ‘yng cost} " * BUBIpUuT;* st Mesdearg: sug Jo stay)" © * 8% 00S ‘: ” : * TrepueyAn yy soouwy 9G8T| ° '‘tex) ‘Auuxvg)* * + * *gawuBy})* * * BZ ‘oog]* * eT[TaABIy] * “+ gsaigy ‘qauedelg O881) * “HT “OO eI) * * * 2q1eMYOR “Vy sofaBYD Jo orm" * ” ak eae oN) cots s Adaqeyyy Viey UB81/BOT “OD Bypedem]* ° + * + * Yprusxoeg fetaueg|* * *sumorg|* * *SuMOIg!]* ° ‘y saplBYyD ‘ZEMYoS l€8LP lll “OD spasupy] * woSulAvoys ydesor Joouim|' * ' 4 ‘oog}' * * » stots ‘Tome ‘O BZIET 6281) "UIT “09 SplBaMpoT] © °° + ‘ sqeueg)/" * 2 ‘oeg| * uolqTy|‘ * ydesor ‘uoyzulavoyg ees il tlt * (09 Sprempg|* + + + + suaKO “M JOT JO OEM] "1 6 “OABP Toy ‘+ 8) poom puvrwesoy 6L8L “AMS og Surwoyy| * 4 tet oe ‘“Touuty}* ° * 6 ‘oag)’ * * = sorte se ggory ‘samo, 998LI"IIT ‘ (OO SPlBMpA|otIVpY Ae pus svuroyy, Jo uog]* * * grcoas|' * * 4, Ss my Wy ‘ose yl POSE] IL ‘ £00 SPIBMPA |}OLAwL AIVL pus sswoyy, jouog)* * gtoagsi' * Scott ediy ‘qVOLLI8 AL 9E8T lS ‘09 Spaumpg}' °° * OLAV SBULOYT, JO OFM |’ + + OT ees)" * 7 Sts 2 * paxpowtg AIC orst|" °° * puypsug}: + + oS tauey) " * * gL ag] * ‘ sumorg “ss sewoyL ‘joe J - Zest] " *° * * puesuq]/:* *° * HoMwey_ UYor Jo IM] * © ° 6 ‘OaB]* | | SUMOIg) * = * + + [exoVIO AouBny OFRST| °° °° pusysuq)s st tt ‘ *TewIBy]|" °° 6 “Oag)’ * ' SuMOIg!* * * * * UYyOL “4IOLWBW U8L]'O “oO uoyIMBH]* * * + + + * epoy qoove Jo of1M|* °° EZ dag] * * OT[LAdBID]* + * qoy Arey U8lj* * 105 ‘BMBVABG |'SSY [Bd][aTuBAg] JOjs¥g Y wawuvg|* °° 6Z*oas|* * afladvay}* + * * * + gover ‘apowW Ges WS ‘0D SPABM PA /1o}SBM od PUB JUBYoIaW [VlousH| © = * BUAOIY| * * * SUAOI! * * * * AOS|OY IOLLIEW Lb8L aor “ad YS 310 A “* * *sqoour ‘qd uyor jo astm|* * 1g 00g] * * oTpTAdeayy) °° * + JayluAA ff yBIeg OFSI/ TIL “OO Spavarpor| * 7" "f L ¥ ‘Ca Jo uog)" * 7 Te eg] ” * eiladeap]* + * + "d uyor ‘sqoour 6Ist}* ** puyjsusz] * { Sqooul "d Pivaipg Jo afin oyur]] "+ °° FEST ‘or Aime Pood)" * °° pavyiiy spowery LE8L ‘Sug “op quay] * * * ‘ "dewey )* * * Te ‘oeg)* * affaderp]* * * *q pasampy ‘sqoovy 0281)"8d ‘ ‘up Jayswouey] * ttt ospup qeqoy Jo oyim|* * * 08 ‘aag|* * optaduay)* * * * AOpyAVpy YT Arey LG81) TIT fog Splvapq| * a4 “* gaudeg|* * * og ‘oeg|* ayftaderyss + * * queqoy ‘adpne uzsl|T “OO sprvapy}* °° + + wosuyor ‘mM gq jo est * * + suMOIg]* ° * sUMoIg * GoyZarAveg uay AI’ OZ8I|"A 'N “09 sZupucag|* * * * TOSBA! Yolg pus dauIBy|* * sUMOIg]* * * SUMOJg]) ° M ‘of ‘aosayor ees] * sug ‘{yemudog|* * + * J0qUNH “d PIAVC Jo aM] * + + 6g oes) * * apladvap| ste Aaioe BUIABIG 1781} “Ay f ‘09 ussoq|" ** ‘* goudiud |" ' * 63 0ag}* * ayadeay)* + + * ‘d piavd ‘1ayun @L8T) * puy ‘ ‘op Aesog]* * * * * * WooSang pus uvrorssyg| * * * sUMOIg] " 7 * SUMOIg]/* °° * ‘Hf ‘syle SPST * "OO Spuvapy|" "| | “WostepuaH Wyo Jo oJIM|* °° F “o@s|* * * sUMOMg|* * wosuyor BUrUy 981) PLAT ‘quomdy, vg) * tt "* *Jauueg!' * * 7 ‘oag]' * * sumodg/*' ° * Yor ‘dosiapueH 8o81 ‘+ ‘puyjsug]" °° Aopaey “9 Jo om queseig)* °° 9 ‘oay]’ ° uwoIqly|* * * fos wad qouesieyy 9881 We "0D SpABapg “AOC Joydoysityg Jo ayTM ysaty] * * 1 * O81 ‘eL-Sny poaq|* ** * pla Ba WEN pst) “sug ‘oalysyso yg * * dew] * " * 9 ‘oag)* * * UWolqly|* * reydoystayD ‘Ao]978 PS8L)"IIT “OO Spauumpay * + * SoyMaT Woqly JO OTM) < °° 9 ‘Oagl’ © Wolqyy|* * * * > YUISg “y Ae Test} 1 ‘ ‘0) SPABAPA] "tS " *dOWUB}* °° 9 ‘oag)* * ' worq{y]* * * * *qaeqly ‘saya * *}* pul “og uosqixy| * * * yBoTaq SNITaULOD Jo ofIM aWwy|" * * * *igsi|‘redInepeeq|*’ °° uetog YequZI[y S88I| * pul “oD uosyiy} * * * + ALozOVy e]T], JO 1oyajadoig|* ‘ * sumoag|* * * sumoag|* * * ‘ snpjeusog ‘yvojaq . ‘ LSM FT CONVEY HIOOS 6 dIHSNMOL S1BT "PA “OD HE wes) * ASTIN “f VATA Jo puvgsny ow], °° ZLST “L1 Sen p.oad| * “1° MW fonp et puy ‘ ‘og wOsqLy| * Suruey)* ° gg‘oag]* * * Canteen “p Bz ‘Kong LeSL IIT (00 SplUMpa) © = 6 * * pBedyL “Af JO OM) °° FL ‘Oag]" * * ” ss 5 "988M Yyrequzg TS8l/ TIL “89 Sprempayy es tt * * ToutEy| PL O90n] "°° ”» sors ss are Bay 1) | pussugq;* 6c tt OqIay, 981000 JOOIM|" ° gg*oeg/* * ” be SelB as euUIOIg UOTTT LFST\ TIT “OD Spasapa) © " * * °° * * “toute; * °° gg oagi* = * ” aera ase (281005 § ‘IQ, Lest; sug * oO AOU TPT TUNIS WITT JO IM) °° Gz coag] * * * ” sso ss yseN qoHqey PEST sug * "09 faging)* "tt *1OULlBYy] * * * GZ toes] * * * ” Ss eT, “ygrug 1781] °° °° puepsug| ae “g* YaTuag ovEsT Jo BTM)" © EL ‘eg]’ * * ” TAS er auois yBreg ust] * * *) pusysug] - : “* "doutyy) © * * SL 'deg!* * * Uolqiy|’ + * * ‘ag ‘ovesy ‘yqrmg “da ONIINOO—TSVA OL CONVEY ‘HLOOS T dIHSNMOL 1981 TT S09 sprew : Bary OOH UBYIBN Jo Os 4890 me ae ; ee Byes os ‘ sone Tl" * ° ‘aac | * o2 s = BBor anopieyp fearlee oe Poguousda| 2 suo ween yooum|: °° 4 “208° * i setae “Sung wane Elev ‘snag UoB01|210"] Serer Ten eeerd Jounea| * «+ gf -og| * si ++ oprapadd So edaektS OFSIP TIT “OQ Spawmpal* st tt * *qTeuuRg}* * * 2 veg)" * a "ss uByey ‘Suppo TT “09 spasampg sorpuieesy @B100x) JO OJIM JUasatg] * WA}BgysaM| * WaTegisaM|* °° ' JOyINT “y vuuy FPSL TIT “OD sprrmpgl cots Apisy Soulve JO OITM |" — * 9T “Aag}* * af sos ss qgequauy Aonry J “09 spivapg| * * doyol ree yy ani0ay Jo ofIM WSJ) °° * °° LZ8L]gsnZny posed} * °° ° syoo1g ouljoiwp ZeSUTIT [0 Splempal’ * tt * + aad) ' * gt ‘oeg}* * ” ss OR comet ‘pany I “09 spawmpa| * 1+: FTW meg Joqatadoig| * 5 : rs ++ + @B10an ayoleey Tait IIT "oo spuwapal| > + >< «TE PROD.TOSRY oA) 7 Tg am) Sm LLL Lt pewzem puasos} levat[ut Yoo spsempa] © ¢ 7 meeqIPH Og TOM). LS LIL 1S ashe ‘ : 8 ap osu i ales tee eee : y . BST UT Sop yseqeyl sc tts _ PINOD "H Uo]og Jo OFT gl ‘oag]" * ks Sse 8 i rs one ! eG aoa, is caine MaIpUy JO FIM] " * 7 OF ‘088) * . see * pune L81/'T “op sprempy} ott * “fauLley]* * * gp toes) * * 5 ro 8S aT aevce! wineat BEBIBA’ M09 UOIXBIG] DS eS a oes ‘ + Tounley|* ° * Og ‘veg] * Wal[egyseay] " ° * ~MoIpUy rebar! PPL! UT Sop ysuqeuayls ct: * PInoy Jonoq Jo atrM| * g ‘oag}* * 5 * U0solg “V JOMUDAT WL 6P81 “+ fuoxeg]* * * 'radurey ulmpg Jo JayjyoW|* °° 6 ‘0ag)* 95) sts Q3IOA [ayoRy OFS IT “oD sprempq}* st tts ‘ *TeueT}* * * @ ‘oag}* * a sss rena ‘prnoy f |/Lp81] * puvptozytmg) | * * sodurey UIMpg JO 1ayjBq/" * * 6 ‘aagl* on ‘++ + geduvy wiqovor GrST| °° °° pueysug)s ss tt Sexe T “HUM JO OJTM] * * * LT toag] * + ” ss ss gotten uay t|z981} "tr S “09 ysuqumM}’ o* * vee joueg|* °° 6 ‘oag|* waregysom |’ °° * UIMpy Steduey 6P8lj)* °° * puysuq!: -- “TeWIeT) * * * LLoes}* ° n St UA sour f [0881 tATM ‘og doysdyy* 5 * pinoy "y jesuy JO etm "7" Bg ‘oag]" * ” Pe a [ae eolyo S181) * TT “og oudemf sc tt tt ttt sana og Joorrm|: * “ x " TDD MOstEM onnouy | fogs) t a Ay'o taysdays ss “* * pedizog| "°° Ze 00g) * * ” "tos 8 sy jesuy ‘prnoy Sl81) “HT “OD ayM)” * * * * * UoeSing pus uvlorsAud|* * dey auog|/* ‘dug ouog/* * + * “8 sO sot | PPSLI TIT “oD spayapy * pinon Jopuvllyg Jo oJIM Wuesatg)* * * ZE_ oes] * * deg suog]* * wean Ty] BYE S81 TIT “09 BERS Da eS SIA ydasor JOOVIM| =—* BE TOBGT > tt as oR 1opéen B a 6281] * ‘ssUTY yIOYWY| * * p[NoH Jopuv[iyd Jo aytm yssty| °° * * 91ST ‘oL‘uvpe poeqg|* ** * uo MOT Yereg BE8l| °"O ‘yJNOoUIsyIog) * + tt tt ‘+ doug] * "> zgc‘oag}* * * woiqyyl’ * tt * ydosor af jicest}* wrartara aso] to ot dour paryayl]* * * ze ‘oag]* * 5 * + + Jepusyiyd ‘pynoy OL8L TIT “0D spacapay] * Ainig “a RL L JO Joyqsnuq)* + + sp coag}* ¢ _ ss) AMI ‘A Bien GoRt]* BrIUIdatA gRaM] Tt * pinoy wospny jo aftM]* + 7 ee [ag] * ” certs * sug ene S68 IT “0 Sprempq] * + E dinia “TE uyor Jo array)? °° gr vag}: + » Sf t pwaryL UIEqVZTIAT FORINT “OO Sprempg”] +t + **soutg) * * * gg ‘oeg] * * den ouog "+ * gospne ‘prno0y 6FS1 BAS ‘op Uopnoy|* sss ste * *JOUMIvA] * * tgp dag] * + dey euog| * ” * .L uyor ‘Ani Etsl Ti 609 BPAVM POT SS anangioies yooug fo ajIm juasatg| * * * gL vag] * Ula[BVg som (snapiiimk gau) Jas[y\ [2qoey 9Z8T TIT “OD Spawmpay} ss ott * qoauq | “W e3100H JOOTINT * 6Z"0ag} "ty “8s STOMP UBIUg ) lopeT| ° 6 + * pusprug * esnoyqBe1H qooust jo ojtm sang)’ ° 6° * gogt/Atuee poog|* * °° * * FYI STOTT $981} °O “09 ToyruEA] * + + * * *dowtd|* + * eZ toag|* + + suMorg] ° * tg ost00p ‘roan J |l12Rt| * Ay Cog uatae a] * * * “doused st “09g (A-11)) ° ” * yooud ‘esnoyqworH at MH, %0 pavyory) "5 tt seqng AluaH, FO OTM "+ Te roeg} t+ a sss Kaqow quuueg | J/6fet) Par eo somojouns0g sr 8 * oqsog [AYsBl_ Jo aJtMl] * °° Bl ‘oes}* 3 en cs oe @ oe , “op puyyaiy) ce a2 8 GSuiea| ea ‘gags oe te 4 11+ 9] wie) PUB JoWleal °° ‘j00] ¢ + ++ + Tayserq Jass0 9F8I] “BA “OD eta of *soynd ‘a lerurq, jo mae ec am £8 i het Sirah: rey ok 94yseq}I0D pleyuleD Jo osIM|* * 7 EE "0ag] "7s. abe ary ATE 9F8T) TIT “OD spavapy Se et 2 siyMg a Weqoy JOOITW!* * OF ‘OBgG]* * - sss qrequiey ALVA) [eesty iT “oo Spawapay] * o * 4 “+ *yJaueg|* * * gg coag|: * deg ou0g prapene quer} 109 WSS TIT “OD sprsmpgy] s+ st + * ‘qeuirg)* * * ngctoegis + * oy "5 BIQINO "Y woqoy EPs} " * purplezymg)* + + yUgesng ‘A, ‘H JO asIM| * - $ a ete * Kaye ByorEdIE Wl SPSIT IIT “OO sprempg}: °° °° sping ‘d eB1000 JOOHIM(" * * OR ‘Oag|* * * - soft osos s ganbup wy | |! Post. ~ vissnid| * scoot gapwaqy aingiaing| * waregyseqy| * wayegisam|* * * * "AH SHUugesng SSI TIT “OD sprsapgq} «°° "hs dau)" * + og ‘oeg}* °° a ss 8s sg eB100yH ‘syingJ | * - ‘+ sSuruay|" * 1 1 raua[y “Jo ays aw] - + + 188t/Rt 390 Paed)!* * * preMoH vuljapZeyy Z€81) “HT 00 USBQBAL) TT TT Stamp “a Uyor Jo aM] °° ze ‘oag] st ” at AS pavjedog eeey} Sts “us “OD USBQU A 7 7 COUN VY “OD “of JO Ofte BIT] ” ” *9181|'0g udy poed!* * * UBUIYyeTA eatporD SEstl il & OO SpakmMpay* °° st * "dauieg)* * * gg ‘oeg)* " * uorqyy}* °° * ‘q ayo ‘siqang S |/po8t s Auvuliay ss tos ss Jalayseyq pus Jadoo] * wareg 3seM| * a cr ts tg cap reuaTy 9E81 ur f ‘07 SpIBMPA!" "1 6 +S siyang unysor Jo alm} * * Tees) sy, "8 5s spoom aay gost] " * * * * eissnag] * : ysuH (Pleqryory Jo AIM! © "Te “OaS) ° +8 “tf slaqurM euruey 9681] * ITO etm) | 1 1 tt ceqaadiny pav geuney)* + Tgtoegis sft enysop ‘sizing f jlcggtl* + + pueyoag}* + * + * “* * doUIBA LE “S (LLS“L)| “ Mearegqsem) * * * * YsnH ‘preqryory LE81/ TIT * (00 SPIBMPAL* © 1 5 * YaYoBIQ aF1oay Joa] + 7 gzcaagj ct, css os 8 SpeyOr ae SAHIE OO Te wen += pemecey erent eee]: ce a oed- «nets So Pay tas ; $81] “LT “og sequal’ * + “+ sTouaug]* + * ge0ag,* + + uorqry]* * “A sour ney LSVa Tr GNV CSHM I SHONVY HLYON ¢ ANV FT SdIHSNMOL i * puesuq|** See “¥ yBieg Jo rayegq|* * * + * $181 ‘I ‘0 Ped ( as aoa aB.10a4) | BT)" "oT tt ct ossRy] tot * sSBLIg “Vy yBirg Jo raujoR|* °° 6z ‘oeg 3 pmmoy eeu) snp Bryne ' FeRt| IL “oo Sprempay| : SS see nee I NS eSB SS olary|: «+s SbynSuoe Vasey | (BES!) TA, (20 omer]: esm eupesy Jo poeggny one]: > + owst te RUM peta] * TTT So MekM aoa { I IIT “on yseqey| * : ee d ; tees eure: 2981)" OTYO ‘BHaLBW) © * yoMoItg “M prRyorY Jo aM] * * ” os ” 1 * deat ener eaeud } a dries Seek Bee “1 + oBpalqovig woNITTM Jo OTM)" 11 9 728g . + +++ + xnosag auer SPST TIT “OD Spavapg] * * yyusyoulg puv [a}0H Jo ‘doig) * - deg euog|* * dey euog|* * -4 pavyory Gayo é para ih G8 Rs > aauiaea| * * * “0q) Sunqsiayieg|: ° went ‘aspo) oe ‘o 9 eu0g paey 8181 /Bd “OD U0ID,YSe A ci 9g “00g) Zunqsieyreg THEM ‘293 po] youl ‘ . ‘ GM FT AONVE HLNO8 1 dIHSNMOL ISVE Ol HONVY ‘HLYON @ dIHSNAOL ‘ 7 681) ° IIT fo9 yseqem|* * * * ddoy e810ax Jo atm oey|]* 19st Pood]: °° °° * */* + esnoyywery vpualiey 1 e781] TO) ysequm]* * * + ddory eXs0en Jo atm asatq|* o98L Posed)": "°° t * Suousuly Yyyequzl[g | |9FSL| TIT “OO Spreap”}|* °° * YROUNIE AA SOTIVYO JO OFM] * 7 * FL“OAS "oy wy fof 8? Taq cy ByQeypr OS8TJO'N “09 UosplABg| * * * * Jaysepl asog puy 4sISSn.1q| ° $s i “i sorts ot + ddory o3.10ay (/19881 IIT &09 splempy|* °° t+ Seite * + deuey|* * * FL ‘oeg! * Wlayegyseay] * °° SeTTBYD ‘yJoULIeM SPSTl Ul S09 SPABMPA] " °° TOSTBAA “OD “H JO ala yUesaid| * wapegysam| * WeTegisay|* °° * * ddory ‘¢ Arent | €S8SL ud‘ ‘Og aqme)" 1 ttt IUBIOA “Wod JO IM) TT OL 288, on 111 fy wosyoqqr ee CH8L| PUL 09 Aamopoqiieg reas * TOsTeM ‘ °) JO OJIM ISAT] © * "eL3L|/ ov poeq|) * * goesnoy Vv yeasg | |/stse . ee Pees 5 JOULIVT eas OL 1088 eAoly ade aie ey You QUSIOA orl| Est “os eeouiea|-. pinjman? sper eae eet] > puusuay ee? oaiea| > erase m |. 11. s oauoep Holeen = or Seal sg) ae oe : ates il" i ores SOG el ehh eS si z ne i , ses] Ay ‘ ean daolay|* * * ae vee 0g ee Car fea : + o1fasuieg 5 a haere Jaaapura f ||9ugt ie "09 tORTOt * + £qoy “yz sawep Jo ajtm yuaseig|* * * ¢Z‘oeg) * * aT[LaAsuIVg|* * * ploJMYID YQEqeZITA Thst}* * | oassouuag)* = ° tt + asm quesaig|* °° 2g 008] ‘dey ouog|** * * yjaqdureg yess } ||eust “AX P00 ssaraeq|" * you “a Some Jo ayia ysttq| © 7 7 7 * 181 ‘Fo aune paid] * 5 1 > Progasery Hod Ti yt ttt amounts a WI UluUBfaeg Jo aJIM puoosg}* * * * OL8T ‘ ue poed) + * Aw "TY Joruey | ||pest| “AT 09 ssoranq calc: Jouliwg) * 1 + eg ‘0a8)" ° 8 aparece i Femme s00n al pape eed ot rene he trel cee gall au ieel cs eee a Cn A ce pe ed ec. elec aiteael ise eS 78s Tau "8 * fe “Del ° SPATS : 5 oo 1048 aS S81] * nO. visstid * 929. "Pf WeULIaH Jo ayras quosatd Sante it “088 - waive 989 jt iy weunjary Aral ZFSL/IIT “OD Sprewpa]* + + TeysTeyY "Vy Woqoy Jo esiM)* * ° 3B eS] "33 Trott taesye ay “W Arey Be eating oe FTE er eeteta| occ gp Seu eT MEPL: x Soper Geet aes tameosiaemeale +s ateaeammansemials ss gaa) =n |. 2 Wenge Ioan Se . 3 3 a : : BO ea Sloat ltr * ig { : : eest IL‘ "090 splunon, "8 8 * Tayavyog iamuuany 0 an o a . x ii - spUOpaH Sy oteaiy oFel “Hh “ODO spivMpq}* °° "fs * JeuNIBy); " "Be Deg “9A019) apdeyy 7 8" qyey od ‘BuipByl GPS] °° °° * BIssnig)* * 7 * * * woasing pu uviorsdéyd| * 2 a 7 mueUley aes LEST) “OD spawapa| so tt HereD taysaa Ag JOOIM|* °° GEtoes;* » | 7 1 taqTaJpolO ‘| vavqaeg I88T/ °° “pul Ivyyia|*? °° °° * * * yoadg Ww ‘f jo oytm| * i : 0 ae gag eee ZLEL|‘puy “OD daouedg}* * + * * *TauNVy} * * * GL dag) * WeleEgysaM| © * * * AeysaapAg-4yqo01I7B5 1881 : Aun. Jap)" * yomyo Teotjasavag TOSIUIW|* oy : 5 {2h We ‘yoodg f |/n981 UI £e0 spivapa) "°° “ediomary “"UIAN JO OFAN "7 > 83 9eS) * ai ad ee pucd Ale 2981) °° TIT “0D ABIO] * * * + ap ‘Aa[XTd “WV JO AIT] * ” 7 ” a AVOT “fF, BISETO | |/6E8l| UL “CD SpIVapay * * eee SO 88 ” io OE , “SOTOUIMBD) A880) T1T “09 SpieMpq|* 0 1 6" * queyorayy [Biauay| * wraregysam| * mapegysam| = + 8 | Wap ‘Aapxtd f |/ou8t) 11] 09 aouedmvyq] * + joAND UBUIIAH Jo ayn quasedg 3g “09g alflasueg uosdwoy J, 'S BLOT] aa orgo]* °° * * TeTYeO “AH JO aJIM 4SITY) * “°° OFST/AINE = -p,oect} * Joyoos yoy epured | ogal| AM “oOssaraeq]* * gedny ueUaH JO aJIM 984d) * 5 5 O8sst|‘g ydeg patd|* * * * Av Molley) Arey 6L8T,° °° * Aue way * yoinyyo uslyyolg pewug 10488 q * Wal[BS SOM! * ” a BD ‘1a1YIO BEBL) TIT “og Ysuger A ane = Sein * TOU " * Bg ‘oeg] * * aElasumBg] * * * * UBULIO AL ‘joAny Z88T| TIT o9 ysequay|* °° * * UosBy “Mm UYOL Jo aIM!"' °° TE ‘08g! ° 39 sss KpunwW eqoyd } |\zest} ‘pur “op wosqig)* ° + Odroy ATH SUUIOYL JO aM)" * + FE Teg! * rie skorydutu yy * yore yy SSSI] “OD Spavapg) "cc ct tt tt ts geueg)* * * 1g ‘oeg)* waregysam|* °° MM TYgor ‘uosey f |lepsl| “SU ‘ortysysogA] > * ; "ss TeWUBy) * * * FE ‘Oag]* Majugysam]*’ * seWMOyL ‘edioyaey g = = *RLTALLYN *NOILVdN990 ‘SONUQISau | ‘AOIEIO 180d ‘AHVN = *KLIAILYN, *NOILVdN090 ‘SONEGISTU | ‘TOIKIO Ls0d ‘ANYN a Be ‘da ONILNOO—I[SVA Il P LSAM FT AONVA ‘HLYON Z ¥ T SAIHSNMOL ‘CHONILNOO—[SVA Ol AONVY “HLYON I dIHSNMOL B98 TIT “oD sprempq] * OS81/ TI “OD spawapa) * ZPS81) UT “OD spavapa! * L681) TIT {09 spaewpa| * GEST ‘0D spaeapq| - 8E81| ‘VA OD UOpnory| * SE8L) TIT “OD spsvas pa LS} Ay “09 YAvlo SPSL ‘Sug 09 satin B98I|"[IT “OD Spreapa Os81\"TIT “09 spawnpa| ° E9BI/OMO “oy ToBupysey) * IS8T/BA M “OD Jaysdy| * FP81 “IY "09 SPisMpa! * £981/'11T “oD spasmpa|stying sues pue urwefueg jo uog LEST “og sprsapay GSE8I| TIT “oD sprvapq|** -° - YUNWS “TPM “HD JO AaqYSneq * " UITWIS "M OBI0aH Jo aT Ay eras a = Peau ie BUOIg “S “f JO OF1M BS Tout adoyuryg *\ “H Jo oFTM ale] Pee oe eos tea TAQ WLITTIM JO OITA Pet mn eee genie WeqqI MW ‘O'S PV Jo wog WaqqIMOW PayLy JO aytAy eed mee ot tapes * SurpyooH Yuery Jo ayy bm nee 286 > Taam ier * * siqanp ulureluag Jo atry SS Toure OF ‘Dag] * * 0g ‘0Eg 0€ "D9g L "098 L ‘oag|* * dey + uoIqIy sug + 7+ 888t)‘0g Say poeq oe TE ‘998, S 6 3 © 7) ‘oagl * noiqry dey aug ” * woIqiy YyWug BUUIT Jee A suave UU Binney "'M aSl0ay ‘yAWWE SanooH ‘g yaoqezg Pegi Suog HOLLIBAY "A Yves ' "MH Sadoyung SaoPrY “W Yeleg * WRITTM Saag * WeQqISOW “GF lang Suryooy ‘OY vursng Peyly “Weqqr yew * ' + SWIG ‘Jl lajsa yy yuu. ‘suryooH 81).IND o510aH "pasty JayVA oaee * s unuefueg ‘stying \ISVA Il GONVE ‘HLNOS I dIHSNMOL S88l) °° UT “09 feI9 F481) TIT “OD sprempa YL81/"A "N “og vaedery|-* * S81) TIT “OD SpreMpy] °° Il "09 spiempy]- * OFsI|'Suq “0D Aatang}* * OF81/'8uq ‘O09 xassng| ° S981) TI “OD spavapa| > + 91813 “OD pavsuiRy|* - SSSI) IIT “on spaempa|* - A481} ° Sug ‘arrysyasox} * - TEST] * Sug ‘oarysyso 4| * SS81/1IT “OD spaeapay|’ ° TS8ILIT “0D spaempa] + ¢ eegl)suq oirysAqieq] * * 6281) 11T “09 spreapq] * * UBULIOYY plBsae Jo Jt queselg UBULIIYG PABlEr JO aJIM ISIT 7 * Jeune * * UIUIG “fp SBUIOUL JO OFT AL ee ewe sie: Joyo SepTeYO JO OTM Soe toss ss FeUUIV UBUILIIEW "A (oor jo att, ‘* laude Te ee ee Toure * UOXIG Ydasor'jo atiM te es 6 oun UMOTG “M UWIBITITM JO OTM Po OE ounang " UMOLA POLY JO AIM te SS Toued * OL ‘20g * IL ‘0eg] * * op]tadvrsy "7 0881 8T "Gay p.weq IL ‘0ag ‘0ag 099 ‘09g * 1 ‘08g €1 "9ag * gt ‘oag OL “99g OL ‘99g, * OL ‘o0g| - > OL ‘00g * Ol 09g vag)" * eraser MBYSIay yeuuy yA * paetap ‘ueuieyg st pair Le "tp seuoyy ‘yas " * g]peeq aurjorey t sapivyo ‘10990 J WosUYyor “VY YIeQV2I[gT “H qoovep ‘aeiiiayy * Y sepeyo ‘Aa;puey soos ss MBG eDRdy ‘+ + ydasor ‘uoxiq * * layeyog ‘q euuy “M WEITTM ‘uMorg "os Creag Are py I I j ‘ISVA Ol GONVY ‘HLAOS ¢ dIHSNMOL 8981/TIT “oD sprempg]| * - ASBLV IT “09 spaeapa”| * * BFSI) © * “vg “og HAOK]* * 228t/ UIT “OD spaeapa|* * ee “1 1 TOHTeM SoUIBp Jo oFTM ves eee ss eae * spoom ‘J, SEWOYL Jo oJTM siete ae Ma ee eet 6g “0ag| * 62 00g] 6% “0988 63 ‘0ag| * + magnet * = « UWOSUTTUIOT, oIssor * SoBe ‘IOy|BM ta[Zuedg -M vuvlsi0e5 ‘ ' A] eBuoUL, ‘spoom } 6F81 ‘TIT “Og spreampa “TT “09 yseqe ‘IT 09 spreapg TIT “09 spazapa TH “09 eudvay YN “09 Uosplanq “TIT “OO Yyseqe Ay OLY “0D UoWsUIGST “TI “0D yseqem ‘ullay, “Op TOORW * BIssnig ‘pxroyAq "so Kyxonqueyy Be ord NT S99 spreapg ‘TIL “OO spavapo BAA “OD Joysdy NT “0D sparapa "7 CBA ‘oryouy “UE Seo ysequ ay TL “09 sprempg "7 CUT ‘Plegaregy UI f09 sprsupy ‘4 spre apy SpreaMpay SplVes py puesuq spieupy * * BAMOT sprsapy spleapq SpleMpoy spasapy Splsapq pursaq pur3uq SplVMpo spaeapay UI OO sprvapay ‘HT “OO spreapa “TH S00 UsEqe UI S09 SpaB apa IL “OO spreapy “BA “AY ‘roysdp “BA CM “OD SIMO'T ‘IIT “OD spaempa “BA “OQ UOpnory| UT “op sprempay OTYO "0D uo urYyse AL O1gO “OD Uo uIgse MW Ut “°9 TT S09 THT f09 TH S09 WW “09 UI “0D ‘MI “99 NI “09 ‘A CN “BsoZMeyeo| * “A'N “99 4.US9T1V “AY “OD 19038qa MK ‘£y “og sulydoyH THT “op ysequyy ‘AY “09 surydoH *puy “op weuing ‘TI “Og spreapa 228P UBO[G 9F.10aH Jo uos AUD ‘aeddny “s11yO Jo oJ1M queseig doddny Jaydoysity Jo afta asaty “Wev Ww “ask Ayu Jo pueqsny oyeT " ' * 9BaMG ‘JT SAUL JO OFT, PP Os Journey JOOWIg WIRII[TIM JO 1aySneg ST yOowg UIBITIEM JO OTTM pe RE ounreg * AVTWBIS WIEITTIAA JO OTTM ro Tung * dadooy pus 19WdIv Ty “qooy “f snorepy jo 104I0W!W * * 9004 "f snoIe Jo 1ameg * qooY “Pf SNOIV PY JO oJT MA BE SS OS Tourieg 9OIY “G WIN Jo aM Pe PS curred epny “T ‘pa Jo oJtm quesaig " * Opuy “T "py JO oft SALT Po EE aarrey Opuy ILOQTV JO 9JTM PS Touniay * orpuey opny jo atm tee SS Joug osfA SOWBE JO MOPIM 1} 81079 “JZ HUBIY JO tM pS ES SS Tounreg ‘WH PN ‘9 Jo raqysneg "1 S[OYOIN ad10a4) JO BTM “cs usudAUed pus Jawiey * * S[OYSIN S2}1BGD JO att FS OSS Toure * {01 LIV YT IBBpA Jo 1ayIoW * + 4Q0lLIBW IVspy Jo Jay.eq ‘HW PW A Jo laiysneq " * OLIByY Iespy JO ost so ES OS Toure * QJOLLIBP OB1004 JO BTM SS Sounre RM 'W jo taqyaneq 0 U0g F YSIBSnIG Jo puegsny vq “M “W 30 MOPI AY “¥ Jo UOS 4SOp|T Oo pueqsny a3] ros Zug * * piojZun'y ydasor Jo ast BEES SS poured "99 ‘A Weqoy Jo army pe SS Fouad YSOOTITY “M WYOL Jo 1eyWOW YSnol[EH “AM UYOL Jo LYE YSNOITM “M BYor Jo daisig co BE enue " * ) Woo TT "PA JO BIM * * * goeding pue uvlorsayg “MW a W'H®? ‘WHS Tz ‘00g 1Z ‘008 1G 998 9T ‘098 * 91 09g) * gL 0ag) moe eesf1 | L ‘085 u0jZutxe] oS SOLS uo} uIxery GL8L pood FPL8T Pood "gL oeg "* OL 09g * 91 ‘ag “ * 91 00g "6 ‘00g "00S 09S 6 ‘09g 1 098) 9181 ‘cz 1g ‘00g) 1€ 00g) 6 6 6 6 ZE ‘995 fE “0988 63 “099 64 “098 81 00g) * 6L81 81 “038g SL ‘98g 13 “99S Df 1@ 9g * dey ou0g Ft oS LBL * * 9T ‘09g * * * S§81 LI 99g F “9eg F “veg 6 “09g 6 ‘00g st © BERT wo9Surxer] ‘ dey ‘ouog al GE “99G] * 81 09g] * 9T 99g] * LT “0969] * ” ” * suMOIg ” ‘deg sug ‘+ suUMOIg “Gen poed “+ suMOIg * (ueul oe deg su0g ‘uve p.oeg eg dey sug "= GOrQry eune ped ” WOorqly as suMorg + wOIqIy * + dex au0g sey ped dey ouog ‘109d peed ‘ deg ‘aug ‘IL dog peg ” a8 dey ouog * dey duog ‘4 “BW ped “99, "900 pala ” "* * suMmOoIg * dey du0g UvOTS ‘O JOpUueXo|V "7 8 * UBIO, BALATA ‘J sowve Qvaag ‘Jooug “VY @dI[TV * aIPO BpuLIoy WBI[TM ‘oowg sees guns BueR werpitm ‘Aepusyg (@UBIDIW vou) uBMAaN joyoRy "5 8 OGM TV BUI * + geydoystayg ‘taddny -MON 90U) J00Y *O AIC HM Fe 4ooy “1 AIUa AL ‘+ * SuryooH “T eye ‘os tt psnorey ‘j00y UBZIoW vqoony * + g ueI9 ‘a1 . 9} need “TW * apeqg (M Arey -*"T “py ‘opny a3100D "V BIystIUO "s+ qreqry “epuy “+ UMOIg Joe sss) o~puey ‘opny (S[oYoIN 90a) esha Allway srt or os + 9ska souse er Ae sasha ‘a B10q] "7 yuBig ‘s1ezeg ‘+ + S[OYOIN "VY B2ZIIQL ‘+ SpPeYyOT JelWIB_Y * e8100x) ‘STOUDIN > 4Bamg “gq = LO TT * sopeyy “sfouoIN (sayMag 200) Q{OTIIV A] YRVIBS ‘too + qgoLre py SBUIOUT, : so qgo1iey, BUY + + peraly,T 10989 IVspy ‘O01 1ey * + youresqoy Usa . * 931004) 9101118 (aeZ10J{ 99)pi0g oluUELr + 8K 981000 ‘uBsI0W ‘oo Ay TPomxe py ‘ueZI0 vy Ley (Batangg aaa) ‘aBs204, “gorse, “T | + + paagyy ‘one WH ‘sayy (Aoquayg 970) 9901118 : * Jaywog ‘J 19ANO ‘+ ydesop ‘pioyzun'yT * msy ye “a BIUgUAD st 8 sg qaaqoy ‘eary ({8aN,O 99T) YRnol[TH eayossp ve eee ysnoiny “uM sss + + ySnolfly “Vv BPT B q Fe ° s Sc 3 2 4 “spa *g ‘weyoT ‘Ca0NIINOO—TSHM FI AONVY ‘HINOS 1 dIHSNMOL “ISHM #1 DONVY ‘HLNOS T dIHSNMOL S881} LIL “a9 BoTaINTT “AOUIBA JOpUBXS[Y JO OJIM JUOSoIg]‘ sss pt te tt tlt te 8 + + qgooery BII0,01A ) |/L9gT/"8q “Og uoUBge']| * *so3u0 Mm Ysisg pus svuor jo uog) $i $5 sss s+ ya3u94 wepy 181] ° ‘pul ‘ "09 xouy| * APPA JOpUBKETY JO OF1M)* °° * * gogt|‘ZT “ooq pelq]/* * + * * sedoW VYWV > |/L9B81]"ed “og uouBqe’]| * ‘++ JesueM SBUUL JO OIM 3 ies sess * Tuog yereg ers “uL* “op ysugum] "ott "sot 8 * TaUBA| * + + Og ‘eg/e AsIoUBIyT “IS]° °° ~TapuBxely ‘AawA ) |/L981 “8d, “09 uouvga’y]| " * * ** dastey You7g pas sauiief|* goz WoryBI0T i cross s-semor ‘asuaM gysil * + "+ pusjauy wae JopAay, “f JO oJIM quasorg] + > + pep US| se 8 gaeag Arey) [lees ay! ‘og ujoourq|* ttt “TAO MM ‘A JO OIM : se +++ + xovig’o uuy ses} ll eee ee iene AO[ABIL “£ JO OTM) * "+ * 0881/43 “OOCT Pat] * Jopuadopus, eUtforvy | \Zusi| °° °° Biss + ++ 4 *-Jam0lq2ejU0Q pue JadVd4) a ie st wg hem g¢81|"A xT ° “00 dnuveig) * * ‘Wd pus sol1ov0ig) “ysi3dnId|o,astouViy 4G/0,aslouvBly “IS} ° "+ tp Su ABry,) | ossTjuuaL “09 Wos|t AA] * ae _Besney BUYS “qT JOOJIM 4 i 71 1 SEITEN 'S Ade IL OZst|" pul “op xouy] * * avesnL “L S[ouvIY JO QJTM aywT| + + + - BSTIPLL AON Pala)‘ °° * * sedop “y Aavpy ) |lepgi|uuedg “og aaying) "7 * ++ 93183 udq|a[[14e00 IMB] |ay[Aeou Mey) ©” °° af ‘desueqyeuyog O18] " “PUL "OO XoUM) * © * Josey YOo}s puv souey]* * * g ‘deg a ‘ot sp srouwrg ‘avesny, J |/s9gt|"O *o9 UoyooysoD) * YTS * y fouen Jo pavqeny eye] = * * °° 288T ‘og “‘Sny poid astra} Uptwg Jlqep Ay81| ° TH 00 YseqBAy] * "St 1 + WUsAOID “f VL JO OTM ” ” ss § uneg ‘aH? opst] © oruo “eg sepa | ° ° 1 * podtqoy ”» » aeu) ‘y Aouty ‘yg L981 ° “1 "OO Useqem|* °° * * Uoadung pus uBloIsAyd ” ” OES taeeiaf lsestiitt “ep puvyory|* tt tt 7 8 * * ‘housoyy AyuU09 *, ” 2 ‘dM Jepsug PET] “O “OD Puspyery|* © * °° "7°. Be MT JO OJIM + a Ss syed (fuvaty ft | epBL) ”* PUT “og xouM|* 7° * * aIqnug snysne Jo oJTM ie a Poe “eRe ‘a Jolley SPSL ESPN “UD egedMUH) > + + + + +) EsNOR vv4) JoJoLIdulg ai a9 ? roe sts AR ry took REBLICTUG EQ Sosudaus] * 1 °° 8TqQBig: ALIAVT LQG OI 9] [TAQOU IMB’ | 9] ]TAVOU IMGT! * er slushy ‘aiqnayg 2181] ‘PUT “09 uoj}dLL| * °° + * * AozBtyy SapUYyD Jo ost M i io 7 8 4 staay, vovuoqoy ) | geRLIAM “ey Tosseyoer}” °° Aqou aouadMer] Jo OJIM O9BT) °° * * * ELgI|'0Z ABT paiq|* * * “SeUVg “y seoutIy T98L * “pul ‘OQ BWBII| " °° * © UOsesing pus UBloIsAyg 93: a5 sh 8 BOLUYO “ezuad op BoB “Ay “og Aqeug) * * * _ aslo uoruy) jo. 10jotdoig i i "* 8" * g0telmeBy ‘Aqoy OsB1) TI “VO CoUeday] ee - + wosttton "W UYyor Fo OFT 5 i St gaudy tilts Ie PWG) Yoloporg| 7 7 1 6 7 BosUTYyLY “WAL JO AJEM 5 a °° * uyezjnoy viyeuuy 681] “LV YsequM)| © Joyeyapuy) pu’ JoyYvUULS' M [a astouBlY “yGla,astouBlg yg)" * WL UYyor ‘uo sf G28} UE SOO PUY rs ot AV] 4U-AVU10}ZY ay a "ot 5 * uA fuosuIgoy QLE8T| * US “OQ USBYB MM “Aue [yw XO JO fl JUosatg) sort tps tt ss * Ca yBlug ‘plug 2 ous “oy eoUaEMBT; oT 7 spiel away “PA JO OM a "tt? S8eap[lUg Uo "ss pusjady] * + * Aurepeyywyg Xtod JO OFLAL * CLgi\‘9g “UBe pad i a1Uy ‘pywsedszy ial jeY8L UL oO) eoudtmMuT) oe soto yieug 6 + soot 8 8 8 pa fuBay ecg] °° * * eouvig}* * * * * pedljoy]aasousig ys/@,AslouBly Ys) °° 6 XML Auseueia GUBLILE “OQ edUoIMBT] * -gentan ‘H 80/1849 Ju oJIM Be es Lol eemned *y cseog © |[test If] “oy vouolMery| * * quapusjutiediig Juetug AyuNY) 9 ee sts" H sapluyy ‘uly.ey . OSL) ° {SPOS YOUNSB A tt tS anudaH vypavona(T LOVPT/@[[IAGOU IMB T "4" 9 yURIA ‘aALesopy lvsl| °° pur “ey xouy)* * * ‘dorlBYy YuO}y pus JOULE) © * * "BE OVE) ss * pasyory ‘dwey “LSU M. TI CES) © LAS ELIT “ay puypyory|* * 0 Apu] V¥ Jo esi Juesotd aTTAoou IME] aliaaan, AMBT| © * “PUBLMOY “IW agate gust! od “UO }SUTYSB ses ss apne | ¥ JO oftlM PLY L) * * °° + L981)'e, "9920 patq]* * | UIVAQW (mM esse NVY ‘HLYON @ dIHSNMOL eve peepee a) 0 2 UE ee ee we cele 2e8 Deal... RE ae “] Oey eaaujog]! 6 tt 7 Apne 1 “V Jo ayia sated] * geet“ ABIL oryO UT paid] | | | MBS Oe | - ecgt| OlUQ “OQ MABIQ) | 7 1 6 81+ SANE Je Joqves7s4y is 35 Hc I'v ‘Apne 69s1/C1UG “OD suBpy|* * tt 7S UBUyUH “aL JU ost ” ” [itt 1 e8ed yjeqezg 098s. OQ ‘ogunSurysny * MOSIAHIIA N “JL JO OJ qUoseig| * + +9 -aaglayracou,meq| * * + ++ r0q789 “f Arey 698T| | PUL “og xouy]* °° see re mBry-qe- AvUIOpY Ps y Faget, @ ey vests LAsLJBA “og BuuBantyy * °° usd AIT “NOW Jy Offs godt} tt tt assiltg “ved peld ‘+ mopey ‘A Bsmoy oat IIT 509 eoUeIMBT) "°° 7% AAa[D FiMoATD 4syndaq ‘9; oy se ss sy sBeumoUy {eH LASLIBA “OQ BUUBALI|Y |’ 1 1 T* desley Youjg PUB LoUvYy) © + + +g ‘veg/o|Aeot MV) * ° SON CW ‘UOsIOs [LM 0981 puso Usloqiweqd|* °° * | weUny aB1004) JO OJIN x es “* * * TeulWNnig etuusy Lgsl[O ‘oQMNZULYsSN|* * *"PABAA SEALE’ Jo GIA yUssedd! + + + * [ ‘Vag}* *saUUoOUTA|* * **quIoOMEN “TT ATU | |'ZLgt| "PUL “oO xouy)* tT + MBY-4C-AVUI0}) YO] [TAVOU IME es ‘1 * + gB1vey ‘ueUyny wor pe res ee ete ee Spies SoBe Ju QTM PAIL] * * + exgilfpg “AUN paid | * * * ¢* 4e3uNg epuvury | |'cegTiIII “OO eouermey| * * °° * erdsoTID “HWM Ju IM] * * ** 1g 2ag x "5 8 8 -gURIQ @UTIOIe) soe pe ss es sos se Pe 8 8s DIVA, SOUL JU aJIA PUVIIS) * “+ + e278 |‘6L ydag pelq!] * * ** golpoueg Bpoyuy STS LLL “oy souatMey| °° °°" Jasivy xoojg pus dom’) * * °° Ly oag "oss SA WA ‘aidsal]Ip : hoes see ete ss ss plea SOULBS JO OEM Jott) * * * OSeL|*qoIEA, pelq|* * °° °° * ABW Auuyy | //1sst/PUl“eO uostameR] * * "UWI Tf jo estat 4Uese4d |al[IAv0u AMvT ‘gyttagou aweq)? "7° HEY “gq e1lUloA Osl|* °° Sosdor MON) = * * "+ destey 3oo9g PUB JOU) * + * | “veg]-*seuMa.MIA)* °° 7 7 TsoWBe ‘prem “ STpuy og uvarpmg] * * oo UWI Tf JO Ost Sat) * * * * * OL8L\‘oL Ainge perq| | * “Tiawaes yvuarH cot] s sss syouquey] * ‘GOFAL “Y Jo eflm yuesaig| + + ++ EZ “deg ayAooutMe]| * ** odTYSyIog ‘f AvuBy) |ITggT/UUeL“oQuIoqrB[O} * * * 8 Tt * UBS YD “Legs TUL ” a -* rp ep ogy + + |puy 09 ulogdvod) "5 1° WO;BULALBL “U Jv estas sald] * OLBT “2 “gdog|“puy UT ped) * ‘ssoMULHoW “V Yooogey (| GEST) "O° CO PuBlYoY| © tT TT MeaIHO DAN Je 2FUM 8 WpeyaM Bley 8181] ° OCOD Uo}IWBH]* * * "7 UOSBW Yo pay dawg! + + + - yg voy n sts gy aoysurypey) |T9st]"O “09 Woyouysop] ttt 8 8” garuisaeld ayitaeou, INv] aitiaaou, aweyq| "5" OM “equin Besl|* * [lL “OO dadsuy| * Uospavyory “WA J ofl Ju@seid) - + ++ GZ “‘Oaglal[TAeOU,AMBT| * * | * UBTUMA ‘f TeyoRY | |ig¢gt| "AM “OD Bose] * * ** PLVITVD “WM JO ostat ope] "281,62 Sup perq, | | HNqoD “y wpLaEW * iT] S09 eodeimey] ** Uospiwyoly “WAY JO aflay paryL) * “SL812 “SOY petd|* °° * > * Peuy [Vaiqy | |/yes1 4 “09 uoqinog) "°° * * uoesiug pus uBoIsAud: - | "OT WM ‘paBideD ASSL|/PU] ‘BinqlepuvA| * “Wospavyory “WIM Jv afl PUvdsy| * + * = + EGSL|Ueydeg peIqd]* * * °° * * AOTITW esuy ¢|/1981| ° “PUL “09 7OqIBL} ° * PLOH “] [aluvd fu effM quosa1d al[fAeau, Ie] ayptaand IMery "ss dosMUd +f BZ SesL|pay ‘Sanqiapuva| * * ‘UOSspavyolry “WM Ju 9JLM ysdlT]* + + + gceTi'zs ‘qag peld|* ° ** UBeTTOW YI4BZITG | |/GEsT| * ** pu * og xuUy| * ” ** phox) TT [oTUBC JO FIM ISTIT| * * + * * QOBLf “aeyY petq| |” “Aalod “W YoTUaH 8o8l|° “ BATOD ApIBH] * * * 1% JasTBy Bou}g PUB soWIVT’ © * ++ EZ ‘vag) s * + WIBITILM ‘dospaeqory J |/FE81 wo BTU, Ang wo SUTYst MBO uoisued “410 - ; #8 “TT Jolavq ‘pjoy eygi| "AM “Og AdueH]' * 7 7 * SBULTABY ‘UN Jo tl’ * * * ¢ 0ag oy so sey ‘pp yBreg ) |'zgei| " PUT"OD so. uO py (1 t dezeag “H ULAPA JO esLM os a "ts 8 s-gmMOH ‘g olony O&BLITII “YQ a2UeIMBy| * °° + * Jesley Yous PUB doWEA) + © + * | ‘Oag ” soto sc n ‘sSarpavwy J }/1987| ° “PUT “op Buvi yy) * . 78 ery e-AOUIONY ” 8 ‘tt tH ULApg Sezer TStli] “vO evueameury|* °° * * OINAIW “HH M JO TA) * * °° 6L “vag ” tts ssatdsaTity “f B2t1et | |OGaT|III “OO evuermey) "°° * 2° Wosdexold Mf JO SFI a conte + + aouiwat “y orMmByy ToS tjulr “09 QoUeIMVT) * © * 7 * Tesl¥’y Yvv}g PUL JEWIBA! © * °° GL 09g ” -]0 °° CHM ‘oaner al f | ops 1 ILL “OD eousimed| * °° 0D saul SLoulT{] UvuUise(By airaeou, TMST OI[TAAOT TAB] "ot Sf doste yorqd PSL) * * AYoNjUSY) * UOSMET “VY YBINLA Jv ofl USI) * * ** BL “OVg/aT[TAOUTMB'T) °° _Pregde nd “VY BYE ) | SST|IL “CO eouermey) + 6 +t + Av “g “WaRG Jo oJTM 078] “S88li'zr ABW petq|~ °° °° unung www ozs] ° * °° AyONjUey| * * TOSMUTT “WY YBN JO fl JSdla) © 7 + + + + + |GeSL AON patd|] * * puvlsug BuEpoT] -||L281 “QVop uoyTUBA| © * tt Tt unaqqnday q4nY IOWA ” y ULL eg ‘seq 18° AM 109 Asuay|* * * °° Aasley Youyg paw Jowivy) + + ++ gp -oeglartasouamuT| * * 7 Y yelrg ‘aosawy ) |icegt|II] “OO eouedave) °° 5 Tt STS AWN “WL JO OFAN # e "tt Ts wjemouayy eng Lost] * O “vg Uostiuvy| * * * T]aMOH UOsIeyvICE Jo 2YIW) + + * °° BLBL/‘SL “Qed peld|* **** Woseyoiq jeyouy | |/eysi| PUL “OD UBal[ag] * 5 °° 17 WeUlsalBS BULOABLL, a Ms actee 7s ‘you ‘sang 198L] "BA “VQ UOpHnoTy] * * * |TeMOH Tosse xvid Jo dayjyBa| °° + + 6 ‘veg s t+ 55+ lamoR atouty | |icegt/BA “OO Tarnbney| * 7 1!" + 7 118RBO WO Ju PFE = is css ss uBSag (Ley SU8LILLL “OO paojaveig}* " * * [eMoH aossoHvicT JO VIM) * °° + 6 ‘Eg a tes t fai9 -g sre [|i19g1|0 COUNZUyeNY| * * °° + * WOeBIng pus UBLI-AYd i 7. sts ss Wg “teqreg, L98L'O “OD UdJvOYsOD) * + + ** JoslVY Hoos pue JoMIwBy) * + + * G “Oag ” + + s-aosieyord ‘aaoxy J |izugi| * * °° ANONgUeM)" "TT BOQ "OD FO OFAN a a ue : Surpiedg “mM Aousyt PSSL UL og soueIMey| " * 1 1 Josiey Youjg PUB TIUNBA! * * * + Tp ‘Vag as se ss a ayor ‘pjoxy |lzugi| °° BluBs|A>UUad| * * SIT OtfmeapaH Iojeidvuig 4 oe 9 B109 gaa ult ‘UO FUUOIMUT] ' WAATH "Ay 931004) Ju ofl JUosedd|* + * + y “Oaglay[IAsOUIMVT) © * * UIOUL “V YJe4eZN } |/ees1/ 111 “og aouetaBy|* * * “qanto “V ALUOH JO Otay e a stot ts gong v AI’ “7 TELL So) guUdtmed! * ‘Wearty ‘Ay aB4004) JO OJIM PUODIZ * + + + + eLgT| + taung paiq|* "°° 7 jO[weog Arey | |/eperj ll “og aoueIMBT|" * ttt e819 Ayunog Aynded * < stot ts oy ssueR ‘qqn[9 as aE * euBIpUy] © * Usd) “mM 81004) JO ofl Isl) s+ + * + 6ORT] ‘AB pad} " " "°° ysnvusy ajog f[ ||L981/PUroo uoj3quuq}* °° * * é * yIo[Q Ayuneg ¥ is stot Ss qte@areg “Mm UYyor TPS UII “OO aouormeBry] * °° 7° dasTBY YooyS PUY doWIeY) * - + +g ‘Vag ne [itm es10ax) ‘UeaIy jpsst| * O140 “og Auto| * °° °° ** esnoyared “d JO stAy io . "fs 5+ T8jSs9Mm UBSNg SLgl| °° pul “vg xouy] * Aoyoud “£) UYOR Jo afLM yues-ig]/* - - -¢ ‘osglayfagouaMmey|* °°" Uapog “| sae) Ov BATA OO HOLBY] © * °° SAOYG PUY sjJOOg ‘sellov0l4) % sosoe es sg ‘Sosnoyuleg Zesl| ** OW “OD euooYy] * * AgYyoHAg “O WYO Jo offs Jott) + * * * OL8Li'L “AUN Pad)" * °°” SevVA W BloNNT |L98L ‘pul “og uBAy[Ng) * * *UOVIV q ‘S Jo BIM UvsaIg aqttaeou, ine! aly}saou Mey soot s s * £lnyg veg Tiled “oO urydneg]* * * °° Josrey yvojg pus 4euey) * - * +g ‘00g i s+ +g uyop ‘soyortay ) |o9gt/PUL VO Usequvad|* + 7" * WoWe” “d's Jo JIM sly - s+ Fg 1i‘ez oun paiq|* | | | 7 yewwnig B10g SESLILLE “OQ POUGIMBY| * * * +t SMOUD “Y SOWBL JO BLM)" * * * Gg ‘00g a + + + + gosulqoy Bye t |lgest|"O “OD Wozo0YsoH] * * ** Je/Baq AsQuiny puY Jovy | x {5-8 d‘§ ‘UoWeEg GBBT “OD PsoyaBrQ] * + + 1+ JesIVYy Yoorg puv JouWed| + + * +g ‘vogjoyTAooU AMET) © * + YW SOULE SMAI) J |/Lo8T * o14Q “OQ UOTUy) sou OOARJVT JO ofa qWasetg jaTtasou, NBT] aT[TA0U INET sts + Apap eurayg UL8L/¥d “OD YouBYye'T]* * * aod “y Weleg puvasny ayyls + + 8il'st SUA peld)* * * 7° 7 1yog ArueH {|} "+ | * PUL “OD Wosqip} * * souseg OFOAVJUT JO ola ddl) * t+ LLsti'9 “ydeg porq| * * ‘eldwssjeq joresre OLST)¥d “OO ILEAILAYdy] * +t “BULUNET) * + + + Gg “oag) ” soto sey yeaug ‘aygog f [ops /IIl “09 eouermuy) © * sotort tts yteTg gimedg) ” 3 + + ++ oqjeazzery ‘sourg Orsi “OO soueImMUT)* 5 8 tC UT PM JY est] * * tO “0e8} 49, oF * erdsar ity “y Are GLET\CLUO “OD 2}304B | > * * + uosiapuy ‘fd Jv estat] a a ste tS ggouy -y -ang Gyst| ° OOD Uostayeys|* °° °° IesIvY Yvog pus AIWVA| * * + OE "99g aT[TADDU MYT) * * * “em SOL § |lezsT/Ol4O “OD Suryory| © * + * 7 Joos stg teetrospie sutaeon, AMBT a][TAood IMBT| "°° * *f ‘d ‘UosIepuy | ee = ‘ALIALLVN *NOILVA0900 ‘AONAGISAU | ‘AIIAAO 180 “AKYN = "KLIALLYN “NOIL¥d0900 ‘AONTGIsaa | -ao1Zd0 Ls0a “aNYN a a ‘ISHM IT AONVY ‘HLYON & dIHSNMOL “ATTIAGONTYMVT FO ALIO ‘AINOOO HONHUMVT AO SNOULVd HO Ll IVild Vd FT LERT ORT 87ST LLSL LLEt ZSst LEST 181 8st T88 SSS IRI OZ81 Oz81 E81 Sssl FEL CPs 9E81 6S81 SPST FEST FEB O98T 698T 181 ‘TIT Cog eomaIMery TH “og souarmery TT “og eater MrT TT “09 aauermMeT Puyo) a0NaIMBT ary ‘Sus[a MONT MI S09 saterMery TIL “oo s0USIMB'T 8d “09 sarezny “NT “09 _Usequay ‘TIT “Ory ardnooe py “pity “og uosqry) ‘Bq “og euleznyT “BAM “0D O1yO ‘BA 'M “0D O1FO * ‘o1rug “og ssoy * “puy “og £asog ‘TT S09 eouarmMey HIT" O9 BOTBINGT “OIYD “OD GUAR IE “09, aoUeIMery “AY CON ueZory “TTT “09 souaI Mey 77 8 ray) “epyag 19° ‘Tasnoysoy [aq TIT “09 some MRy ed “og laavag “wa “9 eureZzn'y “Plat ‘aMoqd ‘09 ‘THT “09 a0ueIMeT “PYPAIT ‘WMaq “od “X‘NOO enbneyeyy “P.[aIT ‘MMO “09 SMO) a1}0nbIN AL OQ SOD HAUT ‘os pus sag "BA CM “OD OTYN TE 99 £819 TT “OO Spreapa Ort “ag puslysy, TUT 00 US*GR A HY “09 souaTMeT ‘TIT “09 90001MeT * OLIN OD FABIO NT“ 0D souaTMe] “OTYO “0D DUAR AL ‘TIT “09 9000TMeT “olye “OD aUABM “UT “90 Ysequm “HT “on sonaIMey "9 “Og Tale, ‘TT “09 ootarmey "+ gaxysauuay, Ayo Sur wmap “UT “09 yseqeA HIT “09 aoaermey ‘aay SUMO *0D * ary ‘amocy “09 THT Sod eouerMey ‘TIT “0p souatMey AN oO enbneyeyO * * AM “09 T3MO AY “09 parozpoo mM * org £20 AABIO * OfFO “OD WBID "eg “0D Wy3, YsBAL * Pw ‘Q10nrgeq ‘TIT £09 somal Mey "Qo woz THe A + Ay ‘a0,3urxerT “TY “op aouaI Mery TT “09 souriMey TY 9 soUaIMY'T “BA SO) [TeysIeW * ‘gay ‘Sumo "09 souTyoRW 3.A0g pus suBsIO UT “IT “KIQUOTIVIG Ul Ie[vap Y 19qsvuIys0g “TIT “on somarMe’y| * * JOYVIYM “WH JO oJIM quoserg 11 TAOMUPTAL “HE “D JO OFT ast fe ae + y9uLey AOMOIM “A “A JO OTM ‘UUW PO Uo uBMaLoy UOTOeg ywwsapuvsa snsdo Jo aim yuosarg YiweaLapuyA snihg J$O OJTM 4SI1y sawed “7 * * GABTD UBA “f JO OTM "ots YOmMYyD “a WW FO 1A STUT WY HIVULOPULA WOULTS JO OFTAL wee F SS Joule Arsnbawy, wery]iM Jo oJiM yuasarg : Azenbuvy, UUBTIITM, JO OFT 998'T 5 : c+ ‘ame * Avenbuvy, | "HWA JO OTM : 78 * TeULTB AT UIpes19yS (NV JO OFM * 7290H [Vueg avyatadorg “MASNBY]VUIYOS “A JO oJIM yuasearlg * WASURY[BIUYOS "H JO aJIM SAT o1M DOLt-J9 TS FULL ‘saddog *$8A01g, Url “Poop SuaSNBY]RUItg [18D Jo oF * 1 WasneyyRMyos “YT Jo sey : WosnByTeUIyoS “YT JO ast -* qst38niq SIs ‘paeg UWHBITTTM, JO OFT 7+ aULIey : oe ‘paas UNBTTTEM, JO OITA Sig : os Taunt gy * pees UYOL JO OFM . 8 + TOW B Z4[098 "HIM JO 8sTAA * ayouay, pus 190% 21 of Swed a ty Jo OrtAy . * * JOUR * ABIXTA "9 JO OTIM qusyoley [viauex TANITA “Uf JO BEM “+ Jgyovay, pus 1awieg "+ 5 + Jayoray pus ute CABIZSNT "UM JO OFT O18 * SABIZIN A “UL\A JO OJIM IIT "1 WY CW PO wasy uonNES eavlZenyl ‘N SdWer JO oT * esnoy uonoune jo 1jatidoig "7" BABITOOW “ML JO OFTM * + UIST pus reIMmseory, AyUN0D ** WBULIEZUBT ‘ST “A JO OFT * uvursozaey “(fT JO TEM "+ + JasIey yI0}g pus JaUIET SIMO'T ‘A OT[IBH JO OITA toesing pus usiorsAqd POOMYATY SEUTOYL JO OTM yk + Taured + poomMHAILY UYOR Jo oT JUosaId + * JOULIB * mosuyor ulutefasg Jo oFrM * JOSIBY FOS puv Jaw187 S1OBPIVA WOSTLIEH JO 9JIM * ' * layoay, PUB LOUIE + AssauueR “SM JO OJIM IOSIVY YOOIS pu’ LOWIBT . Asi “f CABIIIT MA JO OFT e ees Jounred PInoy Vz Jo pusqeny over] ee Sarwieg _PINOD “& SBUIOUL JO OTM “ se eee oS Toure _ABID | “TT fanuieg Jo OFM cot * * Jauey : ordsauity yenursg JO 9JIM 5 a oe + Taudeg . BA‘ “09 OTYO| * * "doHBITY M “WL “JO Ftd puodag| ° * t POOMAITH WYOL JO OFA ISAT) ° ‘oune qrodakprag : qaodoS pig . qaodespiig “sag * e saoda3priq " "O88 * LL8L ST “090g $1 09g) * Tz ‘09g 1g ‘098 1g 098 Tg *998} ° } ‘00g } ‘0ag| €Z “0ag £3 09g ” a 9 9 ‘99g * osst|‘e * * €L81 ” ” ‘W'O € "09g € IL “aag If ‘09g FI 098 * * 1881 FI “098 aL ‘098g ZI “998 OL ‘098 OT (998g T *9998 I ‘00g FL 006) ° FI 099] * * * 0881 G4 09g] ° €% “098 £4 99S FL 998] * FI 008 2% 1099 2G “098 285 , tg ‘dag/a] AsomeIMET "tt * gzat]'1e 3deg porq sts * gagilos cady pd ‘* * @ ‘deg/8[,ADDUIIMBT * * qiodes pig qrode3priq “+ ge dag] * qaodaSpig "8 * 6981 “ez 'y20 PeId [7 $e ‘98g ° ” ” ” * 41odazprig| * * "* * 88 ‘08g! ° ” "* * eg-oag!’ qrodespiig ‘+ g ‘o0g/ a] Ad0deIMeT “7+ + ggst|‘es dtne perd i & ‘998 ” “7 5] 100g ” Bh BOS SOO a, AsdUCI MYT ” ** gauung] * * zoutung x Hovesprig * qrodeSpiig ‘oL “Use par . qtoda3pisq . qaodeSpraq : qrodad prrq Tsuy pel ‘9 “AON pald qrodoSpug ” af ,AQOUBIMET ‘st A1nf patd a[ AOOU INET qrodosprig ‘g Ae paid yloda3 pig a] ,AQOUdI MET 3 quodoS pig ” os, ADOUIIME'T ‘FS Alup parq|* a, AVOUaIMT) * PS TOUTS “YIVULTA pe A erdseiity Yyequziyq * went ‘Arenbury, oda capeq “yp TT ‘aesneyjeuryog * yIBULIapuvA BIpAT * UM ‘esBIZsnyl ‘N sourer ‘aaBiSsny * uyor ‘poomyATy * urmefueg ‘uosuyor uosdwouy, ‘Y BUUV A UOsLIIe yy ‘alovpie (avmsajuey van) adyrg “y 410, > LsTIYyOQ AoUBN sIMaT Byloatg * WED eye ey Bee aoe} BULB 2 ABYOUM . enue *y Aon'y * SUIplOg BALMS, snIAQ ‘3.1eULIEpUBA "oop gaaTO UBA “+ + 4saqQy sooUBL 7s uedsy YRIQTg “V 91999 "Hw ‘Atunbuvy, LOPTITV opPeyy * + neg ‘urpexioys SUITJOD “WW RUss0T “H ‘uasneyyemyosg ‘+ JIeyoy ourydasor * + desneyyeuryog [1sg ts BUD ONT “cag ‘WIBIT[TAN ‘Pr98 7 UIMIE “Gp AIGA “ip ‘WRIT “pees * * poomsily ause ayo ‘paces YOMIM “Vile 7° A TTEM ‘291099 quBig, YeUUBA FS egy aed +++ peay v9 tts 19 *AODXT 7 Souury BIBI ap‘ Wang TAL “Ss ‘tyor CHIE ‘cy sep UTR * Q1OVpIBHL VIVID “+ surpjog Ars SIMOT “BZN ulgsny YPoqeZna “Mf eAROTOO MW “ * * UWI BOTAeT “YH ‘uvuii9j0eT - erINHoW Yeqezitgy “qd q ‘WeulieyUeT 7° ABY OH ANH * tA atjaey ‘stMary sss gay AOUBN * sBUOYLL, ‘POOMYILST * + * sallg srepny ordsal|iy “W euay ‘+ GeMog sulpneg * "uOsTTM “V PTI * -g'm ‘A-s00T0H » BLT aany rp UIBITTTM ‘Ae.18) " "7 pnog woIvy (deaenond. 990) S211 ‘pynoy ordsaqiiy Boooqey * g sumo ‘pynoy 7 pron “A BIBID + + ry yanuuug ‘Avy * 7 + pasug uy * ponwieg ‘erdsal{tp ) dvjunc me : | , | ‘GaONIINOO— [SAM CI AONVA ‘HLYON § dIHSNMOL THT] "°° tt Oyo)’ * etdse[[rH “yy punumpg” Jo oft)" "83 °998) * ” , ot uoseyl “T JelIeH QE8L|'IIT “OD GoMeIMET|* °° JoslUY Yoo g pus tauIvy)* * 8Z deg} ° i ° 7 panups ardsayiiy Lesi}* “Bq “09 syonq)* °° 5 5 * dalzetg “WT JO Ost | * ; ” ae 1 qdngy 82a LY8t * pur “og eudeM| " * * doading pue ueorsdu,]| * quoda¥piag . > sors gyal {101Zeiyy PS8LI []] “OO. eoueimury) * "8 tt "UST HAA JO OFTAN| * og “aeg} * ” ‘+ 8 * qgagull) orezy'T t SG81| II “OD eOMaIMBTY)* °° 2 “ * eatysyiag Arey jo eftM ysatgq| * * * °° cgst|‘OL “ydag perd|* + * °° Tf9eQ YIeTeZTToL eSx1| "Sq “09 piojpog|* + °° * °° +" queyoreyy jerouey|** AavouneyD|** AosounvyO|* * * gba oM USO . ¢ é LSaM Sf GONVY “HIYON ¢ dIHSNMOL erat ‘TIT *0D estermBy|* * * SpaeyoTy ‘I sewer jo osTM |. °° Ee ‘0e8 das 7 8 + peTTIS * qf yeuueH | GL81)"GaT, “og Aatperg|* * * * Josrey Yo0jg pue jewsey|)* * ~ Eg “oag;UOTFwIgSspig/” °° seurer “spreyory | 2F81| IIT “09 GouaIMBT|* 7 + °° KOMOWT “AV JO OJIM| °° Ge ‘0eg] * os PI aye 1 Gest Tl] 09 eoueIMBTy| * * * - JasteYy yoog pue JawaBg)* - * cE ‘oes) * eT[LA[essmy]* °° 7° ayovy] ZESt/ TIT “0D Pxogawsin]* — * prog "f¢ woqoy “aden jo ast) 7° ke 0ES ” ee tee - yon neqezita OSsT|puy “09 Uostayar|* * + - Tesiey yooyg pus lewiey|* - * ee ‘oeg| MOTWIg Sprig] © °C oquy “}d¥D “PIO * ‘ LSaM IT GONVY “HIUON ¢ dIHSNMOL 6981} "pur “oD Tuer] * °° °° + Avenbuwy, ‘PAL JO OJtM|* 82 “09Q| * ss ~ 7 tt eJog "y aoaar0[T 2F81) TIT“ 09 9oueIMBT| “ * 7” ss yguueg|* °° gg -0eg|* qodedpiig)* * * °° P71 ‘Aaenbuey, LPST|"IIT “OD COUSIMBT|“ “© °° HITE H souve fo aM)" | * PE 0eg 39) ‘+ + gouadg *y e1ZZrrT QEBL|][T OD aoUAIMET]* Sf S++ + syourug|* °° pe ag) eTAgoUeIMYT] * * + * "AE soWeE ‘U4IWg See H {00 profpoo Trt tt 5 qaemeyg ‘Of JO OTM] | 86 1028] ° 4 “+ 1 + deeurg “A wesng Gt8L| IIT “OD eoUaIMBT] * * * : vss gaureg|* * * gg ‘oag qaodaSptag cts tgp Yremaag #981 Puy S09 Usoqieaq] ‘ot ts ss qraqoy-s'V JOOFIM]* °° LT 79ag i ctf 5 Temod ‘8H P981| PU “OD ULoqIRaT * eovad oY} Jo eoNSNL puw TUE) © 7 7 T 00S) UGS SPI hots gry Qreqoy OMT "HI “OD souer MET “+ + USepPIAl ‘ad “£ JO AIIM] * °° 62 '0A8] * a 7 7 + + spne ‘A Bae GBT] * OLYO “OD Added] * ° 7° * * * LOYOVaY, pus deuIvyz|* * * GZ ‘99G) * is sts scape ‘YSeppry ZPSI| IIT “OQ voUeIMBT)* - Tt * ode “PTA JOOJIM|’ ° ZEcoas} * sss + gsaudegd ‘] JaAloO OBIT TIT OD eoUeIMBT]* 8 8 t “+ Jaws} * °° 38 0eg qrodepirg ean e Bes, Soxkeyy eS8 ll til me) BoUGIMBT| © °° + * STMOT “WW e8108H JOOIM]’ ° #E‘DEg;* * (uiyurg eau) Aqreqieqy sent 8S8T) "LIT £09 qouaImMey]* °° * * ‘os *jauegq}* ° eg ‘oag] * a + + + + "Wl eB1004 “stmery | OfRt| TIT “OD eoueIMBT|’ * * sepsnog eoBI0H JO OFM sss pag) * ay 7+ + + gemeg ‘JT Aousyy | Oegl|' * * vassemuey}* * : -sqgumeg|* °° LLcoag|* qtodeSprig|- * * * ooetop ‘sujsnoq sz8T|° °° Ayonquesy|* * ost OIC “J Jo puvgqsny oy)" °° * * SU8T ‘SL -Gad Perd| * * Wosaryaid “p sewouy, SISL| I(T “op eoueIMeT) * * Burweeg|* * ee ‘oag] * * (aavatQowy 0) epuyon ‘Toss; HOrC, sogtled “og Jaysvouey| * ofduAired “a “a Jo eJtM yuesad{|* * * 609g) Jtodespiig|* °° ° UBUTOUST “avn t 6S8T| °O “OD UOozLUBy]" ° opdudayeq “AST JO OTM ASAT] © oT” * * 169% “qaq psig): °° °° oat ‘arnt esst|* “puy “op Aasog|* * *TouNwey)* °° GZ ‘9Eg]° 53 Soe OR Rear ‘ae extra SL8I| * OfyQ “09 Atdaq)" 1° * UMOIE “AM “£ FO FTA] ' * 7 BE "O8G) * ” oa 2s aA ‘VO 8181 /OIY “OD Ja01eW]* tt + FIWIB A * ge‘oag)* qrodeSprig)’ * "°° on “p ‘amorg | 6ORT| IIT “OD 9OUSINBT] © * | UBMEYyONG “4 WeITA JO OITA eg ‘008 sy 1 5 * rapuelly a Arey | PSST ILL “OD aouarMeET| * * * JoWIBy|* * * Cg ‘Vag) eT AcOUSIMBT|* * “4 WRIT asusyong: . 6. “~ ISaM Gl GONVY HLYON ¥ dIHSNMOL eels ia ear aeons Yara Apes ad at Santi ous aan see ee mein xteg joortml: * * gt veg ‘+ + £reajeq eurydesor ess * ee See ADIN a ee sso Jsi= ob’ ae qantung Sheree rr a on cree if’ on aeuouaeth soe 8 8 + JOSTey sane ie Seana ; 3 _ ST 08g/e o,As{OUBIT Ws) °° : : “goal, ABO QF81| * Tox) ‘uvUIEZ}01g * uwyo20g ‘*eputony Jo sny oye; * * * * vanes "e% ABI pot |Appey) OVW YOIO}S shine t ||z9ost] * pul *19jS9YoOY : i : : e + s5aswVy tt 3g Our ee : sels modsBpr ae a8 stata Dauner VST “op eouerimury) © + + 1 | JesTey 2003S PUBLeULIEA) * © =" 0g "0eg]* + +” JoPAlleoU) vpuroNT ‘uBMyAodoys J ||LE81] TIT “v9 eoUcIMVT] °° + | *TesIEY Sete eee ait hie ae 23 2ag rf: ‘sod eparony OssT] "Pay Noo wosaty! * Ty y | PUBLEUANS “A ‘d JO OM) * ee Snes ae ae EO ee ee ee eet ee Re a * 19818 Soong pus Jouled ese te “098 )0,As1ouvs 8/0 °° “9 ayor ‘aotig 681] °° pay “op yiwg JoeIVY Yoo}s pus Jauliwg|* © + * 1 eg Mee a a PECLOUIURY BTC 00. PUNO a ce ee tee aa seats ea ee ‘pag! ++ + aeasyong “y AU O€8| IT “og eouataeT| * * wosuIqoy “VW “TT Jo a}tat yuaserd| * * geoey] "+ gauuNg e0u) WOU AA YIOGB2L oO] S111 “Oj eouarmuTy) tT ata Ifo Ah 30 SFL aie Pop songl qrodé3pug tee gM terdsey 1TH feu ron camsrmeg| 2S Cee) See ata os = og ee ee eaten ot sig etienne Le oouatmed| © * =" UOsUITIOO WT 40 AtM|* * * ex -008 + aeunidup “of yelug ESLI[Lf “og eoue.s ee ao ee eS eg Sop ae alas eed 4 bog & els rarer eee of aust cog Goueaata| © =o: avout ya Sauna] © + Eg -oag| | s+ oly) sto sym dtiougy | goat] eg sop xougt| st wig Mp Jo asia] SB a eseeruorat tals * 7a femme neeunen esLT : sce ces! Bema Qa yl ss teez-oagls oo + aarp] * oy jouy a j ; eae LL wt STII] VO) OOMeLAUTT| © © + * “YouoIT "TT OB109H Jo ofA] * + 1° FT ‘09g| * * » ot eee “W Brod] rst Wn! epOSeSIme SS ener ay ain prcee oon qtodes pia ers aoa Ht “OD aoust wey a oe Pt suata ar ne an ae oe st 2 ss » 7h Save W Aavjy fe et hs oe Huan oe ‘IOSIBY Yousg put Towlsy} °° §% -oog}aastounsg 4g)" °° WB svmouL Sienna eo. _ ORR, . woe a oe # e ee aan ome ee Ss * s* * * gosrua Seo ca ee een oe ea Seema Cee ee ea ca emn ie Mt pitennil «+08 -corl= qsoddipmal= == gang ‘Geealie 8E81/3Uq ‘aupysuoAad OTAIOD “WI SOWULL? JO OFEM PL eg ‘a * poouusaig BPINVW | |UEsT| "ILE ‘0D eouermuT IBY Y20}G | I ISSITIT “OQ eouUeIMBT] * * ttt tS ayaBey, pus dauey|* * **pLcaeg!* + * * aotp]* * tA some ‘el0g 7 1s81] "°° AuvuNtep] © * tt tS OLMOD “HM Ju ost) +t 11 3B ‘0ag] + i * *UOSIOH “A ya eat Prallijee\sousimy| © wouRuwng ng foal: Sve s: | 22 yptlag ‘HIMON © ATHSNAOL SPSLIILI “op ooueIMET| + «+ + WEY 6 ie PE Sel ie RW ce ais E BS81 oqo, “op waoig) s**t TIsINY Yoo}s puy tewusy|* + * +z toag]* * - Ss Reaper eee : LSaM 3f GONVY HL SE8T\ * ‘@assGUUO]] * * OTION SBMOYT, JO OJIN yUosorg]* + °° Bcoeg]* * TouuNg]* * * + ‘eLooW WoquzitaT Sgst;" * **9gessouuay . rr * @llop SHOU jo OFIM PS OBIS 3a Aue pod sss 8 8 900 FAL ML SALTO coals : ge ie hime ry Soy arc ee lee ele. oe Se neoee nny ueT|ILT YD jpoueaaeT| +“ f1eeaK [onttiNg Jo epfa guaserg) * * ooR| ~~ ceuuma) " ” ” Tanke See) oe OI Ar Ghee 208) SOT a Re Ses : : ¥ 78S [eps ang Jo asim qsilq|" " * * * OL8L|‘eg"Sny paiq|* °° ** Teusey ‘q ABW SPSI Jon ‘eaouvy eovlg ysuSnY yo MOPLAA 91 ‘00g Jol siydog ‘eovig ee cone a ieee oe ogee ts Sore ue Goeaes Pitt g tals cg “Buy . lqji 0: josie 1981)" "PUL “op ysny| "6 1 tt doudvAs WH JO asta) TL 00g) 7 » [if ttt yavery yereg FORT/OTYO “09 pUrlYsy] © * * 7 Taya E[qIVA PU JouLtnd) * + * Lag] ” * ” Bos 1 AH se . « “o5 puyjusy| ote ‘uapeie UaJEM) ot 6L vag] * * oe me as iz 1 ISHM &l HONVY “HLYON @ dIHSNMOL oe cas ee ete as, = |laawenet eens SesTiPlUO “og sudwml| sc ttt (280019 qooer Jo OFIM|* * °° UG dag] * a * * "(BUT MOT JolEsavyy | gGgtjolLUO “vg eudem| sc tt * + Jame} * * "* og ‘oeg)- * ee eases eet asnoig gest)" OCog Avmvyorg|* * sdrypyd Wy Jo aim yuasarg|* * * gt ‘oag! opratfessny| * ‘+ aang eurfead) |igggt| °° "09 ysuquAy| ° “aves 5 SvUOYL JO ofl Juaseld) "+ ** GL “Oag]* * youUNg]* °° +t | UMOIg eqoud Bes1 “BA 09 Uvop uBYs] © 2 tt Sd Yd “a “a gy ops sara | tt tS costsL dy perd)* + qeseL IONS TOM lassi] * STO ‘puvpeae{o] > + + aeyg suULOYL Jo ays oo seen oe ‘gg ‘uve ood} tt: os oe ee fT i eave rrcaltd | Reagan el caeh A esnedec | AT “998 ” 7D Se Sound: lieve ee aso. <- -meesomeles ares: | o oa gan i ae et 8 ‘ay udcooiey ee ee oe _eiitaqjessny 3 : : aa et Beet "OTM * 09 Silag|* * ++ qaspey yourg pus iowseg| + * + FL -oag}* ¢ 7 ht Wy ‘zgqtoig us ate “o SAGE oye * PAE “d Fawssnoy Jo aiM| © ° > 1G 098 3 ys + oxo Boooqey L||g781 2 “BpBUuyy) ySnoroqsoy “SM JO OJIM YUeSeIg/* * ** gl‘o-g)* * JauuINg)* © * * * * * ssoy atssar asl aie 09 MSHS AL Sova * aude} * + + 1g 798g i + 1 1 @ quivssnoy, ‘pated f }|rogt] II “09 propawag] * + ySnosoqsoy “sg “AL Jo AFT ees {ear aed Pod pia ee a fen en egy ef a ee ar atil ‘pur “og wosqiy|* + SS Jowatal’ + ¢*gp-aag! . So gM ty ou eerie 609 dares * + * doys fae Paaeee ella jassn O[[LA agen Cs Pog aaa Hal iol * eee O1Y4B"} LSdM Of GONVE HLYON % dIHSNAMOL ora UL toy souauasiry| © ++ + ++ yowart-g uYor Jo et * = "7 6L ‘0ag| °° ee “ -Annod ‘9 Lousy, OPSTILLT “OD SOUAIMBY] * + * + TASIVY YooIg pu¥ JeULA| * * ++ BL "08g, °° e ce “g sour’ yorery é | GBT] "Og BDUaIMUT]] © + + + PIV] “M eB.1vE4) JO FIM)" + ** Og “0ag] °° . tots Kyag saesog 8st " oryo"e9 ete as nee a oe See Ses wer 7s Py Sea eae eee Aa uy MOST EE * *SIMe'T “AM UYyOoLr Jo ojT aneseed svete ee a qeuung - ganda sousbaeg vet sith moan oo ets denier “awe aah ame oe ce mee ‘ gauueour, eo Guiting “egy tas WL et UL {09 eousuawry) * * T* SiMe] “AA TYOL Jo aga Waty | t+ guste [dy ‘veq] °° “weUYynoD ‘f BqEN THSL'O “OO puLlyorg) © + + + dedarzzrag wYyor Jo afiM|* —* OL ‘oeg! * ” Dott Ruopad spate | Or a ee ea +00 en oy eee: : of PP et vate cnc 99BI}" “Wd “OD SHtoy[ > 7 1 7 daseYy Yoog pus ee or ot oes Az mg i oe een eee seal tan pomnueoe ae Ars : Td a ee py eee sees » ae as Ve Spon Best UL “0 goats] ee 1381wy 35099 PUY Louttedt oe ne Z “es ct gessyarg)s > T2Alo i ecauns Gest pu] “og wossayar]* °° -aapng “g WYyor Jo LeyJOW| * * ** gt -oagl + . te3pn5 (qoung ‘q ouuy LIS] VA “OD XBJIBH]* * * * UBSUO SsuTlauLoDg Jo LayIOW] * * * EZ "298 * * UOSTIL¥ (sMaig aau) ‘uUBsiOQ YBiBy) ||6cgt e * AM 00 AEBLD 4 : ee Ene BAD fe soured "tt * 08st a a rae eS Ainaaletay Test} "VA “OD XUTIVH] * * 7 7 UwBUO sUlfouILD Jo eye)" + + LESL ‘TS YoIRWE peld)* > * + eso snyeutoo igen IL (Ob Beside a) TT. , aeRO Bar Jo SuAt| © * ee eG s ae See SPU ALL ee oaealect ss. Suaimpe acuna: ©: eos) Ss ‘amen unica (Clea? by atic 5 1s smaaisioar BONE? op wes ae ee Hy oy on aesee, fe ere ieee es oe soueg ois : one uoneyg spilg ay \ a° ener reel *o1Ug § ‘09 Aldlad| * 39098 (ious U}Lw uviuAsasinN) © + sam > Ts 5 *yeraeg sSSII9) 9G8L/8A “OD YWopuwYys] © = * 7 YaluoHoy ataudjo aM)" 11 Goes)’ Sn | st MoLepaty Rese e Dee erm 6k 59 ; AMSA SORE Jeon ioe on > Se ee Se ee ee eis et aie eA. 8 DOR Mensa a) 7, POLEEG, AOU UMOO MIN» ||onat Ve “ud PUBIYOIY| © © * ood “H TYOL Jo ofIM Juase.tq) + + geuung|* + --doaysery witatah GZEI|"I1L "9D PoUatMET| * 2 UBYRIOT “AL JO toywa) * 6181)'¢ ABA Bold] * 7 el Mt a x me L | |\b28T Ml iivbo uomtaney |e: os Rae punOp aa era isteal es havi Boras = +o 8 eae Wet TS8T)"IIL * 09 P4oFAB.L) _ * BeYyRllod “aH “f Jo dou] © + +g 100g » ee eet ana ae Late pin soueal ss - Ue Ml es es ease BOS (so emerwaT) "SS Aserne Ao puesouEa Te See ORAS eT eT ot eee) [ieael 8 oe asia te netgear ey eae « ad a | pee “outa ts ee Pe8T) D ee arsag ane seed ney I GCE. eos at oan os a wameee ey eee n “o5 wvyooysog| + - * * - Burra ateg pue towueg| > - “ ¥ : ++ eBi0e4) ‘sporuBq a pI‘ “op wa, GR AA? SF Oe ee pe.iaog quae Jo aim] * * & taag)° * 4 Ode Aayouna “O om | Sst], PUL 20 rae Ce eee aL EL "A. $0 251M ft Trt ‘oag]: + si 7 + 1 Yyover] ourrwyqED eet Nd apeaptamgy SS EMA Soma =< tem] 2M Tal. SS “adiafotioutt | gieeup tenoue| <<< Loma mag foams scott Sag” 2 [oS som San Se Te) measured) -Graning aaly Jo asm| © | Eeoegls M |e s+ senoo te youu) [er| Sorqgrooiumiy| == +++ eruaiony Kou seats epiaear 6 bis Ria iy 68 eae ‘1 wines OES Gmetad ah rel : rE MEO Astor] Fe Bes pce par eee e oe POOR Dh go oe cae oka ost] * 1X “oO useawM) 7 TTT TT MBL4B-AOUIONY) © oy rn) costs HW ‘Aponyr 6281). pauivy a) ° + > jeMous piempa joom|:: 2 fos B [e es SO Mog"b enon (lleret| -wueg,olmausuy| °° > + - Pee eiiss lee © lon oe ME ony ist] * “AM ‘eltasmory) "+ 1 5 1 Ft smOHON pus Arjemer]* * s oe ++ + pavsapg ‘eraows &£ Sy voy 7a: eas (et Bees ee eed ” Sit tr p7s ae! ae $ eysulidg]* °° * °° * * UTe! ar Love ” nee S G6L8T/A OD uoslepuex, nes 481Q4V [Bl1osuoy see) oy fou rel ; i spout, “uN spooy ‘ing osnoyy ¥ aaa upg eon at ate. “28 Sob g gOS SO bese i 229 ee EAN roc yaa ee orate deel y= ss Ro Siti taka cue vale We ou) IAL ts mergdniua OSIM * » ae ” ees a Vv “wIea§ FL8T) “BA “OD Bsns “se1qig paed F aes ‘4 AIA ‘duig|* * a ol A tet uy ‘sepuery geal. s = duvuep) "> ttt tt guuyoiopyperousy|-- ffs [tts re arate FPN cg OM a aa < «Fo atone aonea| ~ Temiaey Mw |= ewmeayg| o> <> = ea eopEey rear| TEL “00 equal to + gptayg qooey go apm - » Bee ” Rode MIUd “Along J //P981} “BA “OD eysnany|. ie ++) 8+ Kausoyy sequIg| * jee) “yW|* TeuUtQAW)' * * * * CZ -g ‘sepuery Dan eager. iam es Ly ery emcee sana ia Ue ete ao gee ICU Se eel. Ma Ema en | Saat * pu us woe sss gate! os ce ” asatacs Dea Ela ee ted a ie eee te eee Ss rt: 222 tga ei YS LETT MY TIE aud PM ne tal S| | an He meg eel 1730p ‘uapug|* °° * 29feIg "M edtOay Jo OTMI* - ” ae ” ee et enin 2049S | ||LOST| 19%) Hioqueyn |” oto AeyBuevyg] « * e oa “ srs sa ayop ‘wey gall. ap aecues |: os ee Agony ierouss]. BES LE LS TROD | eae - dik ouaway]’ 7 1 2 ddyoday aouojog joa]: + ft ty > sqzeqou “L Wequzna fers wustpuy|" o* * tT plegsuwg ‘pf Joamms sy : ” 1 1 DD A edsooy “2aregg } Heber] © orya “er: vawd] oT TD DD SdoistAodd pow 29000) © a) * 1 + uoulojog ‘ddraue sy EIS ny cog eouatawy|* 2° 1+ 7 7 quByoday eiousy):- fs) DDL 2 SaONsaL al Bilal } 1481) ° “Purena wnt) | ugny "fA JOOM ty fT ft cedauyy ourumpoutr eT ee.” Crptanobmb dome: [sR [ exopQed BEMIS TERY LL Aeitiees|: YES emoygoonm|: = 2 fee hfs ss ROMA ae : SMe sal Si ak aay © i ae os 1 1 1 siept | #3 mee ee als 5 wt sound an unite a om meiacenk oho GALE Sf oon : 5 Lf Tar *ONTTN AA “eaten { Hexei| = * xem ‘uyvetad) "Oe “TW sduwy Jo‘dorg}-- 9) | | jews.) “0 ees amon dares Seat ML ot AL aoe): [cE |e RRS a at eoning og Ue puoi oma yg 1 Govt on aoe) ponent at orsi| | | O “Huuatouto] * | 7 savas ined JoOM I Ty [tt tt uosqiy f vetia L [18st 7 paug soquaUry ® IW 8g “dosd] - + BLT ALL PO mE ouwe 7 es Jor + ++ + + + goeSing pus uvloIsAyd!* * . < ee iiy Mek a a 8 tire 5D Rata Jeu IAL BBs COld) ” oe ” ‘N oes] ‘svanbur as > pur aul Tagan Bi ee G8 : LISuD Tee pas SHOOE: qo OE we id ibeee cele ee oss “ 1D yeanug 8 Aau iW “9g opstd) © 7, Hse py ‘11 pavysey ‘uesaer eye LL ‘jounteg wlio é + yoouyos qoute fo ayia}: * ” ate ” A pi MU 7 48 PSS UI 500 ystqu ay ploysoqiay ydosos Jo OSIM] * * ‘i f si ae qiom qolesie ey + pur’ ro) kosug|* 7 + uoadang pus uBluissud ee ” ae ” ays UBL UE EL AB AL QL8L ‘10D, BIeydwoy te001p Aus PA UOTJDEJUOD ‘MeyVY| - - in 50% i Se udesef ‘ployseqieH eee BAM eysauyy) "1 AqsSrr "Vy ayor Jo aim): = 5, al oe ke ew erp ge ESN | HOSEL “LEE ee UE dr a aa naiy ‘G09 Jo eM" = 2 sh ay DIf 1 [sedien ‘9 Are zeat/2BaL “Oo ayysus] oo? “S asnay purosuop}: ta

” 7a ” Yah ta ae par "I : ( suerpul) °° JOULIBA Pus Jo[vod aIVMpley| + + % sat es oe “A WELT “1edity meal UL Jowawy YA) 2" * SOOu SIMAT] Jo FLAN) | | 3 og 5 aan ogo tee 7008 4 (GLa) 7 PUL OO SOON ae oe en et dente assy. Os 7st Bunox eory Grsi| | | OWVUTIoUIQ) * | | $e401g UT Je[vaq puL yeuuiy): ei, “tt Posh @ techn Se baee nae abu arson eassuteaniOaaeann wWhUed) = ay - on HE ayoe ‘uostae yy eyst|* * * puvjedy| * ¢ 5 (120u dutud JO OJIM quasalg| > jouw ap] puuvOaW) "[B) at Iiet tay such woe eae oe dusty Gori euuil mee cee” ae (yoogoou)uensoqaeH Tt OY come comy| anti RO aoe s> eae PMLA ks ea age flee upveovamweaa): 2 > caceupwpoa a semi S| 2 | Sallag ated : ‘ yO “3 yee UL 1 se hae [-78- (ts i i ec a rlee Hie ade vst] | UL veil a : 33a t aL 2 pone youtg “yW]- youre YW) ° + 1S Ssenbuy' “f vanw']) |lussi| "IT “od enedva| [oouog SIH Toure) “iW [edioulid) - + : ou oe Siatseae ae “rosuiuont Se ceca dig ages ae ec PRON oo A oa Ie eA REM g(t eg | gost (lll "o eomeaaw']) SIN SOLA USEQEAL JOLT PEA) °° ‘ me sores uipiry ‘Aqnay” |/1981 nd 09 So sos + SaruueH “tH Yo a ar oe ae nia raneyy Senouren ee8l| cg, caricees S Bern OP aaseat at aes Doe i tty "ttt + saseyy vauwsng } |loesi] “0 “09 uoyTUIBH rossossy o1oifl xa ‘soinswady,“vg-Kd|* +) eds 5 se Pe eee gest] Sd "09 womN a sss ee + ostated MOE joo ee [loo ae pares Posuuepead | |Beey| | AL Leamey SW son (aul ee ge bee en 1) ume WIeqEztig Bia “ey ‘suBATIO AON Saayournn LTH e804 F A91D yo DoRxay ‘O[LEL| + + » og a sy tas Ze a Se ras ine ea ‘:0" eee 4938) aa nee “YW JOPPA ® ‘aduid ‘ jowaey 4)" yemmre9 “aw * “AM NuBiy [T4ey weer nr Mop Seq’ AL we §49}0q WIRETEAN FO OFIM| = + ” axe ” Seeks eg STAD Suet “eg “0 Re ip mepuns) id HO 3° oe en “+ *egsti'9 "320 Pald|* 5 1 1” * eudeg onsen feet “og eouataey| TT TT tt atgesuoy)- ae tpt sunita siogedS [laser] -watop toa ¢°¢* ) woerp “a Comoe © en ‘1 dH ’O ‘uopunin soe UIT "09 ysuqual| "7 esTOUCarH TyeAss Jo OM) = =, OM 12d enemeeely Aaa) loci > > Watejamate eo ameyles dee © lake ee ed quate resi] * UL “90 Ysequa [AUS meuvaynd aS J0 aygl> fk + + gsnoyyeass) zaysaaydg | |louxt| °° ioe + Ayndeq: sue ater jo ma ca OF aa, Sateen tettes ‘a ‘ueein MR mo actartcenaal:: f/f MWR apsim ten ae eggs 2 [2 P| aA : 4 : Ob) At, ee ” Ewe ” eo ee 3. ee plavq JO OM! > - nen Bere cieee gal Wag eeta OO aS 2 fT 2 |r relobtithy GRANGE sees) pe ‘TT yewmawo ww” menriaqreas ie asim: ° ef ee on ot ca i io Je > ramen erat ate ware vet reac ieioe fie Dende Sk eS ” ale » [2 } Meqitoy yeuaey 918i) ° “ed “Y3Ingsyid|? avusuoend 9 SU, SIA0Ig ‘S8l9001y) + +f, ee Dts s ptuvumieqaaan f [level] + i me a? weet s10goy ‘ed et «foo Useqe AM, . ydng Jooyag Aung F ‘tayouay| » - a ere eg Wegotweny, |lustl “Pur op uosqig|* oT qBIQ aod] - ei Ja]90M “D Oro Gix1| * “PIN ‘etourn [ed srr t+ COTA PABMPA FO Ft) © ‘i eis ‘ 7 FoYONAING Uso) TT |/O8sT| * © “Vd “o9 avid | * * + 4y3lqIy “H * eas oie a 7 ae ” Ti tn ayor ‘axing Seat: wd Yo ustyary] * THA Suravid jwawy ye “dosd] - ouawy ye) * eueD yw] * ” * * PXeMPAL “TOLLE S| 0881) * * “Bd “OO HIME yomyg “Win'] “Wead 5,00rg zoe * jauuavy ayg| + temadyaw) HD dqdugiy = Re & : : ; i : & : a = KLIAILYN NOILVd00900 AONACISTA @o1dd0 LSOd aAAYN 5 ALIALLYN NOILVdND00 “3ONQISTU ‘g9o1aa0 LS0a “aHVN 2 § ‘da ONILNOO—TAWUVO INOQOOW AO ALIO “THNUVO INOQOW AO ALIO ‘AINONOO HSVAVM dO SNOULVd HO Ls TVILYVd 918) 9L81 8981 Sel gus) osst FEST ges! L¢81 PEs 1g81 2881 1981 SPST| - $981 6S81 LE81 8e81 T981 6981 £c8! ¥C81 PEST O9sT 0981 £281 SS81 6GR1 so3l Les! PSL 9cs1 0981 6281 ZE8L| - BIRT St8L 9EST S98T TS8L 1Ss8L 6881 0981 O98 O98T O98T o98T osst! ° TS8T| * CEST H8L OgsT FSI gosl 9ce1 6f81 6181 e931 SPS MT S09 ysequ Ad “tue OD USUQB AL “TH S09 yseqem “UT Sed Yyseqe ay "+ SSRPL “pay “Og SSOLAB “TT “eg ysuqey IT “OD ysuqe my ‘ory “09 Jepng ‘* gex fumeq * WB901) OIVUBALY ‘Bq “oO. WoUuRgeT ‘ed ‘ ‘og UOTRgaT “Ml “og YsSuqeny oO ‘ootuNsuLysoR| TTT Sed yseye Ay “UT (OO Yseqe ym THE 20.) USe¥qe AL “HLT (09 YsRqe My “TT “9 yseqe Ay ‘ed f ‘09 WoURg+T Un“ 00 USBqe a Ausulsas : Sag prone * puy *0,) WosqIyy ona “og soy “PUT (op Tearing OLYO 0.) Dalle “OLY “Og JapNg * Mf “OOD 194TTINg + sexy “eIssayy (en ‘vissoy “urs 70) YSBqem lay vIsso “oxy ‘eIsso pT UT Fog yseqe IT ¢ Od USBGeM "TT 700 UsBae mM “ea S ‘og ‘zequiny “ed "OD UP YUBA ‘+s eusipuy “t' 0) USER M. *puy ‘nteg “UT “op ysequay “TH 8) Gsequay “AY “0g xouy “AON “09 Boauag “IIT “09 ysequa * ‘AY “OD Uose yl * ‘AY oO.) uoseyy “Cf on yNOUTIIID * pay “og rwery ‘THT 09 aouadaery ay Sog xouy 399 WipleH “TIT 200 UsBqeM TUT "OD USBqe UY (00 Ysequ a TTT (0D UsBqe TY 09 YSeqe “THT 20 UReqe a ‘ly ‘souapra0lg “TT S09 ysequm "HY 700 Useqe “1 oD Yseqem * 199 “BLiBARg * puy “00 uosqrg ae ‘euiwagg| * * Jainsvaly, AyUNVD pus Law “TIT Sy ysuquay| ttt tt sdeay “gq ayor fo ayy “11 “09 qevqem)" °° * * Lasley Yooyg pus JawWIVy Stitt ‘09 U-RqUM |! oT TS SUUTOWOL SNySNE Jo OFT AA Auvunay|* * * ° * Lesley yoo1g pus Joey * puy “og uo]? "tt t+ aduey uLMpg jo ast “TI OD Yseqem]* * * * * Tosley yooyg pue Joule "5" Jegag epniytayy Jo wog * JoJo SVJOYOIN JO ajtM IWesag * * 1ojdqg SBJOYOIN JO OJIM SAL ° * * Lasiwy Yooig puv JawWIB yy * *1990q “Wf eOUGIMBT JO ORTAL se Tostvy odag paw JOULE Aivyd “V uYyor Jo aja yuaSaIg * 1BUd "VY UYOL Jo ajtm puossg * * aeyd "VY UYOr Jo oH ISI sso ss Jayovay pues rau 5 TOMXBAT O “f Jo 1aqIOW [5S [OMXBW “OL JO OFIM * * LISIVY Yourg puyw Tuy qlaquivy MYO Jo ayim yuosoIg Poy VT UYOL Jo asta 4SALT] * LISIBY YOO}, pus sawWIVey sss sdaay‘d ‘gd JOOrIM uoOpuUnAr) SBUIOYT, JO OJTM * IOSIBY Yoo puv Jouivy asnoysvoi9 “¢ Ave Jo pqsny aeq * SUlstey yvoig pus Zura * UOSTHIID "V SOWBE JO ATTAL * * TOSIBY Yoojg puk LoWAIey OST HII) “MA OS109L) JO OJTM ** Lasley Yoog puw Jw " * *uopunin "PT “9 JO atm. * + + gajueding pus 1awiegy Sr 8 * omg UYyOL Jo OFtM * * JasIBY Youig pus Jaws T IOYystq UGOL Ju ajIM yuaserg " Toysl UYOL Jo AIT sity + qoquadisg puv Jaw UBUIAeIY JaUWE JO WIM JUISeI * + UBUlaaTYy JaNUIVG JO OFLA 4ST LT fotos sassy Yoojg pas code * SUT [809 foatie, PRM ‘'—- VB109H Jo cayIOW * preng ‘9 eBtoey jo aye ‘1 + pw “9 081004 Jo ost AA * dasivy yooIg puv ewWIRY * UBUIsEpBLyL Ppue IIWIeY * £yndaq ‘Dp VIZ JO aM - gaddryg yooig pus IONE e[BOD "4 UYOL Jo ayia JUaSOIg * * * e180 “H UYOr Jo oFLM ISAT 1+ 4 + JasIeYy Yoog pUB IAWIIE] sees goutig AIUeH Jo oT ss 5 5 + Jasiey Yoo pus Jawiey ' * soUllg SLiofy JO oJIM Weselg * * + SOULIG SLOW] JO aJIM ySITT "so * + Jastey yooig pue ewe ‘9 * * saulig Ul[yUBLy Jo 1ayIOW "+ *g9ung WlyaRly jo tay wey 40019 oUly Jo Japseig puv 1ewsEyT [leApelg SUTIJOD Jo aJIMA JuoseIg ‘+ [[OMPaig SUI[IO,) JO aJTM 48 TW sss 8 Joyseul SOG Pus 1OUIIeYL "+ suBuByong LO1IA JO OJIM * * JanIey Yoojg pus awe * paleg “9 owes] jo 19qi0W * palreg “9 oBusy jo 19yyVYy * JOSIVY 300g pus IAW] * *sautig AaAIey Jo oJIM * LeslBy YOO} pus 1ow1ey ‘+ ss eyy;y sige Jo ay * TosTey YOOIS PUS owe, * * * ul0qy "T JO OFIM + * * gaquedaeg pus JowIey AayeUY URYSTIGO Jo 19430 A "VIN “uayuriadng) * Mé&I ett ‘g deg) AST Ss ‘Z ‘gr00g ++ TaJOULY UBMSIIYD JO oTIM Wd pus yuvyoieW jersey 0z ‘00g 02 "228 "181 0% ‘09g LI ‘20g Atos 1g ‘988 * * 1881 * * $181 If ‘99g oUAsBig, 3° 09g] * BE “998 GE “905 BE “00S BZ “09S 8B "99S 6% 99S * * POST 6% “99S 9T “09g 9T “008 0% “905 °° FEST “0B 9S 6 pur 8 ‘00g aaory pueryg ‘LG ABW Peld ” aAOIy ua $ quouwl[9q ‘3 Wady paid ‘6 ‘uve paid -* quowfog ° eppladBay ” aAoIy puslig “ * guoull [ad oun pol * * quoul[ed aAorg pUdTiy ae ” ” % quowyeg qatog spzep * JaUIIVD “IT ‘og [dy ped * POUND “FAT ae ” ” * + quouteg aAory Pua ++ quouried * quiog spivy "70 Per ” * qulog spre Yyolepl perd| * * yuIOg spaey * poy quowllog <5 pee quowyiaq ‘uve pol * quowl jeg % daoryy pUdTLT ‘9% “}O pald aso puarng ‘LL A8W Ped ” aAOIy pualty Ilidy pad @AOILN) PUSTI,T ah ” ae ” * quowllag ‘, AYW pad ” quoulieg prey * (IEE e0u (z4yage0u) yey epnsyey + *qrey [aByolW * Zyloy "W eauy ‘tos 5 BRIOYOIN 199d ++ B2Iy “qT YBlug * 1 ty soueI MET ‘1940d 3 + (Stage oe Toa) & “a. yRaeg ) B31 yy onvyA 1 UMOI eT aUl[O1BD * ry uyor ‘wud (44819 020) "g “T'9MXCH e1gUyoW RULWUST Of HeMxe * doje wEqied * ddvg at * uyor ytoqiuie’y S1oJag YJIQvzIT reg -g ‘sdaoy * joxuud "y Buel ‘q uyor ‘sdaay Pavi [ee “aT URIVS sngqsne ‘sutmovor * sd0 TMS Yat sRWOLL,L ‘Uopuntsy snarer fasnoyyee.ty) ‘oaee Arepy ‘asnoyye 1 ; Ayomst0n “a BIR TT “y_sowrep “MOST s+ uLMpg ydnuyy " Jeuu0g 1aWYy * S31Y ‘AL ouTpoe) 98310904) ‘UOSTHTID qoassiou sat) TOSUYOL “AVG s sasunjog BPTHTBW i « ei + *, ih : > paey yoreH * FOTIA BpO2T, + jonuiNg ‘UBUdIed *Ayndaq "VY B1e]O WW °O ‘uopunixy s+ mYyOr ‘Yorn IOqJIKG AIC ') uyor “aust “H uyor ay 9[da1vy] Our. TaqIED | * * uyor ‘PIBMGT 5 “dallas g ermuas | "9 ed.1005) ‘pieag J “WRT “PIR GL 330y "y soouRly “9 vazyq ‘Ayndeq * Arvnbuvy, Are Wy * taYBON “A ouvy “payor ‘apeog “OW ‘Caan } s AiaeH ‘soulig, * [TOW BrUrsILA * 7 * pay auaiy * slqioyy ‘soung ‘ ) SQUullg Biv * soULIg UBUAT UlPAUBI YT ‘Saul * ' suljog uRsng * SUTTON YJoqRata SUTITOD ‘}femMpatg * UIBYBIH ATITRD + IOWIA ‘aBUBYyONY cu. eeu) sould “A (Ss0at09n aot) UBT ne ued ** uyor ‘pared * 4) oBRSy ‘pureg paelieg eulesoy * Vary ‘soulig * urpars ‘¢ Are + Aue “TV ‘UNE +p Sa0qy (331y oou) uMOIg *qB21/T 19 + UMOIg ‘yy JOLIE “+ 5+ UBISiIYyD ‘equ ‘dUANIINOO— [SAA Sl GONVY “HLNOS T dIHSNMOL [ser ~ * “Cuwmumgeny|™ * * 7 + 4 + 7 "B31 Mf JO OFEM| * +i ‘ ri * UyaqsuaABy waysuty 6781 THT “og ysequaAy a ee eS. * Towaeg| * a ‘s “ a a gp SSH Vest] “NT SOO ysequyy) so * tt “ suopion "BH JO OTM] * + ’ 3 sorts 399g TT Ate Besl] TU Soo yseqem) st ‘qsi3sniq| * ” ; ” Sigs Gee GEER eae 109), mi|ist Caner. Ele oe ap aaa ee ‘mouuEYyg onus Jo ot M| * a sts JaxBq AH 8F81] TIT OO ysBquA|* °° " * dayved WIRD * PeUIBD YA) © 6 S| jenwys uouutiis epgi] IT “Oo yseqea| * “ueumdeyy “W “WAL JO OFA : ” 1+ + ddteuoy ‘q ABW OFS1) TIL “9D ysequa|* °° * Sdeuavy]* °° EL eg] ‘ews yA): "WU “‘avuideyo . ‘ LSHaM $l GONVU “HLNOS T dIHSNMOL LPSL]IIT ‘fawzup yaNoW| * ‘uvwdowUTZ “fF Jo etm quasarg|* * * QL ‘oeg]* TaWIeY YW] TT! Suey BU GEST ITIT ‘Tousvp qunoyw|* * *‘uBUIeWUTZ P Jo oytmysaty| tT Lt tt pela]: oo * epulH ‘g Bpulled H9SI}Bq‘OD Patou, M|* °° * ‘“LasIVY Yoog puv Jouney]* * * 91 09g oe sorts se Susu te wu Ont Z OL81JOIUO “HD OMVTAq) * 1 4 7 XOOTTAA SEWBE Jo aJTM| "°° OF 008 a ° puBpleyoW °Z eer ML8TOTYO “OD aavelag| " * °° ‘astey yooyg pus Jewuvy}* * * OF eg] * OURO “WAL ss ss sawBr “SOOT AL LI8I"A'N “09 A YSary] * T9110 Wlequziiy Jo puwqsny oywy| © 1 °° * ZLB ‘ol qdeg polg] * * ° 7 7 7 weiqy 49191 Ze81] °° ‘Aosta MaN| * “+ 1819 WeIqy Jo MOPIM |’ °° LL‘00g) * [9MIBD IW (aosued eu) “ZG ‘1939 1) GOST] * te 0D OUYUM]* °° MOUNT “Tq Jo afi quesatg]* * * LL vag)" jemMuBO WA] * 7% POOM ANY Lest “+ o1yo]* + woIly ‘Tq Jo ayrm puoosag)' + * + |S * 1981 pord (Jasstg eu) sMaspuy S28 PSL) °° + ITOK MON] * 8 * CONTE “TG jo opm sang] © 7 8 yt * 8S8T pela)" © saeqe OUBL BQO F281] "PN SOD Xassy]* * * * ‘1esTeY YOoIg puv douIVg] * * * LT "9eg ” 7 ‘ry dg “Uoylh OF8L] "TIT 09 yseqem) so 8 tt tt TONLE “TW Joa, * 81008 ” ‘ * spuoulls "WBIPAT 81] TT “oo yseqems* °° “tastey yours puy dauueg) * * 7 81 98 a ae ‘oy W ‘WOULD IGSL] UT Sop usequay|* * °° * yyMYoOg gq UYyOL JooTM)* °° 8 ‘00g as foe 22 SEO BSINOT] post’ °° * AuBUAD|!* + * * tt CuNIBg Ioog Jodedrxey}]* °° g§ ‘08S » sot seq ugor ‘yy UIYOS FST] “TIT S09 ysequa] * °° daqayuesury “9 ‘D Joa} " 1 1 g [0ag » 111° pueyaay f WZ IF81]} HI “09 Ysequa]* * * * crestey yoo4g pu dowlVy)* °° ¢ ‘ag 55 om 10"0 9 ‘iypeyues avy SesrjoryO “oD semoH| * * * -ddiauayy - eB1004H Joostm|’ °° Ze ‘o0g a cross KeLINAL PUlyesoy BE81] “IIT 09 yseqem]* °° * clasT¥y yourIg pus Joueg|* * * ze coag]* jeuEQ IA] * * * “West0eH ‘ddreue sf . ‘ LSHM ZT FONVY “HLOOS T dIHSNMOL wa hae eo 38 em . Sunox eS10a4 JOoIM|’ * es a8 4 soe ysneussey YyRieg 6281)" IT "0 UseqeAM |" * > STII AoqIvA ysequm “dorg)* * 5, Slo 11 Tt edioay ‘Buno4, HBL) TITS OD YaBquay] = * * * ©" poo ‘Oo uyor JO eit AA] ° ” CS os loft 1 deed “a Aouen LF81| "THT “0D ysuquay|Arpamar y SYOO[D ‘soyoqwM ULL * * ” ies ” stg myor ‘poom POSLITIT OD GOMOIMBT]] * UOSIIAA “G SOWIE JO OJIN quesaty * JeUIBD “IA TeWABD “IA * + yequedie;) VsINO'T esl] ° TIT [euseg yh] ° *, UOSTEM “g SoMUBe Jo OFTM 4SdTH]* * °° * POL)” * POSL PAI] © °° SqQuoy, YIeqeZNA Ogi] * TT Jeuuep yw] * Ayndeq juaserg pus ylieyg-xq| * ” : » (tot tg sow “aostlM OO8L] * TTP Temaeg “qA] °° Tas[HAA AQABA) Jo oJTM Jusverg| * JOUNIVO IP)’ eueg IAP 6 6 7 8 tT MABID BI[SIS ZL8Ui °° ‘ANON ONO] * * * JOS[BM ULC JO oyrs gst] © °° * * SLIT ‘Sny pelqd|* * °° * JewVO O YBisg BL8t} mySoospaempg|* ct tt 8 preyg-xq| °° $s : = Foes ueN TasteM 981) ° TIT “OD Ysvqem] * * * UOSUIMITM WL 0qQOY JootM|’ © oy fs ‘+ + soaven “a vrne OS8L) “IT “op Ysequay qUeqoIa A] [19U94) PUB Io}-Bp] ISHq| °° e aes a “OT qeqoy ‘wosaryTiM, O88T| * “pay “og £asod| * * * "UUBUTTIIM “VP JO OTM] * * a ae ny Se AE tees ae “d TOW FSS) * TT, ‘JOWIBD A unonqn doy [aMeD “AW “PA Y Adorg|* * ” a ” noes. gue LAA SEs] * “urs "og Yyseqem|" * uaneyaquiy, 981008) “C JOOIMI’ * 8 ae s Die eee * aya oTLwg GS soos Brimaeg|* * * *Jayeuraoyg] * * ey ates + + 98100 ‘pf ‘ueneyequif) 6981! ‘O “og uoyrweA) * * * * 1991 “TH Jo oy1m guesarg) * TouVD “y]* ToWBOyW|* * °° AMIE H BOUV 9€81} * TIT £00 useqvay| °° °° * dang TH Jo aM asl) * * * SOBL ET/QOUeWL «petiq): °° ° * Apunyw ‘¢ Arey ESS “UL “og yseqeM|* °° °° * * dapaaBly, |BroLeMIWIOg| * * a8 ee cee ee ae rpg OT, ZL81[11 “OD aouaIMBT]* * °°" * * 18499 Alma Jo ayray]” * es ae e ea a V yoliey P81 * TIL “op yseqem|* (ot tt © * ypeysaepy AW1Q] * * ‘e oa ae eee ueH ‘a1 Ze8ll° TT “aug VIN 7 °C STALL “Hd JO OffM Jusseig] * [ouayD “y]* yauIeD “aW)|* °° AVAIVEA, UPN “1+ saeg op UIS|q|° °° 1 SMILE “GEC Jo Opt Sal] * * *” OGRT ‘tH “ood pad)" tt 1° preuly euve 6g81| °° "Boog BAON|” * ‘+ esNoOH [eS 1oyatIdorg| * * a5 see se gq sn, FSI] TIT ‘Touteg aq} tt O1BAL “OV Jo OJIM quasard) © [UIE “IA * yourup ‘yal cot eurssry Ae OLST TIT “od aoUaIMBy|" * °° * O1ZVAT,"D VY Jo OJlM 4ST | * °°" * GASL ‘Is. ‘ny paid)’ * °° your ealjeug OLSL “' * epeaeg ao ur “TC F FUVINGSOY ‘1 goayuog|* * é: . horse es sgey oneal fest] * TI “og yseqeM| * " * + OLIVOT, ‘A'S JO OJTM] * * a8 34 sss + Joueely YyRIsg OL8T|* °° * yuoweAl* * sronbiry pus sour Ul Jaleveq] * jews) ‘IN| TeuNg AW) Ct 8 aS ‘O1NBOL PSL)” UT euen aA] * + Yyug eUTyaeTeA Jo arm oquTy] * * + * LOBI ‘83 WwO ped)" * * * WUvUZIeH BUOA “rs HE Seg ety] * * es SOI. JO AJM YSaTy] © °° SS8T ‘6 FO Paid] * + * * reqmog Aurea ke ‘ sionbir] FY ssupy ‘tadeg [PeM ‘SIT 2.3 ie gees ‘ 9981 19H) BNVACT onreg eae Sausinane ened ” ” surqueleA “UIs SL81|° * Bug ‘adopuo7q| ap ‘uoyng PL Wery|TA, JO JouyoRy| * * a an + * * * SUOUIUIISZITY YBIBg gugi}° °° puejsug|* ar ‘uoqng "W WeyiTAy JO Joya] * * ” Eso ” or tag fuera ‘uoyng Lost} * TIT ‘jaune “WA| °° ag ‘dong “WW WRIT Jo OTM] * * ” "8 * yyWsuley “g Ais 8L81| ° puy ‘o]|tAsuBAG| * ONO’ Y 1olvoq Yyouyg ‘ieyoyng| * * a — WW) ae SW Wet “dong PIS] “IIT “OD Ysequa| * dae SW SouVe Jo aJIM,qUasery| © [aUTIVO “I|* * + (sunoy ‘TT 90u) TOSWRTITIM "VL €18I|° IT °OO ysequm]* * BUS “W SOUwL Jo OFT ISALT) " * * * * ORL ‘el ‘UB peIq|* ° * sYSnoy, ‘| vo0eqey e2st| ‘ AM “op Aqeyg]* * * “* +" pasgey| + feureg FA] * eudey VW) * * °° “A seuee ‘dusys aTONILNOO—THWUVO LNOOW FO ALIO ¢ TIT “o9 Yyseqeay HT “op ysequa . * * "HIOX MON “09 Tse sos + quoaliaa, TT “Os YsUqu Ay “OIYO “Of) OUaed4) 7 CHE 89 e130 THEE 89 WsBqe AL IL “ed UsBqe ‘YWIUIG IepuBzoY JO aJIM 4uOsaIg OBLIDOW * *yplUIg LepuBZoY Jo OFT 4sITT * Wesiey youyg puy awe ++ + *e1a3poy “f “V JO OFM * “TOslBY Boog PUY LOUWLIBT “UBUIBUYLOW PIVMPT JO OFT “LOWEST “IOBIIHO J SBUIOYT, JO AIM * ‘10818 009g PUB IOULIV “4 JO OJIM JUaseIg 10B11N9 Jl ‘YY 93.1004) Jo aj1m puooeg OS HOW "H 9341004) Jo oJtM 4SI1T * “4OsIBY YVoIG pus 19WIVT * eUAB Japuliyd JO FIM * oslBy 407g puy IoWIBy “WBYSUIUUND “4 “N JO OTT * Wesley Yvo}g pus IOWIEY aL “00g; °° 7 " “OTA > 1 1 0981|'92 “Say ped "+ BL ‘oag] * ” * * €1 09g] * ” ++ gL-eg)s te Saisie * * 8% 703g ” * 8B “90G]* QUlod SII 9€ 09g ” gg ‘00g 9g "09g ‘yulog spiey * + org |‘Si1¥ uve pod ee ee we ' + pgt] ‘Sen perq * * 9¢ ‘00g ” + gg-0ag " * gg taag quid. Spiex) SPDR eS) & | ” ++ Toagh? * + adi * Jeplug uerqyaso pavqqny vooaqey * Jepuezoy ‘qyWs 8) prea “yy urpoe “CY ‘slaxpoy ; - “kpanye “a MIT preamp UsuUBUe WOW "+ WOuT yRleg *sBmMoyy Goso1Noy] * + n0ytig “‘G yRisg "* 5 * poom suaKg JeIvIYS YyqVZy H e100) ‘lUZLQ0 WosteAs1g “g Areyy * depuylyd ‘ous "* * siaSpoy eziyq “ON ‘ueySuraung “ISHaM fT AONVY ‘HLYON T dIHSNMOL t Ossi} * “TIL 0D USUBM | TTT tomuaqeqed YP 'OJO OTM) * * Lr coag}s oy fete Tuer Brey } |icest Oost)" °° “‘puycivp]* * * * csastey yoojg pus away) > °° ZL OORT le ey sy oueea oven 8Z8L PLSL oryg* ‘09 UosIpBy]* * + + ‘aaSupuseg soury Jo orm! * i Set gg Pt tt 8 * daqvg ay Ase) llezer 9S81)'Bd “OO WIQuINJoD) = tt tt tt fs oye OAR A! ze RR ogy || A Ou: eagle GhBL SPSL] TIT O9 ysuqum|* ott aautoseg URresy Jo ofr] * 7 REET ah eh Get Ase sursain “y YBieg | |lZPet 998T}/'Vd “OD BIquInfoo)* * 1 + tt State puvdeueg!: -reystouwq|: + + + “IOWA * * YBIexy 1eSututog Fost Ab8L ° UT “8D USkqUM|* °° + + “GOSTITY "H UYyor Jo aJIM)* * * 2g veg ” [tS UOsuTytM “a Arup | [6r81 8981] * Bd “OO VaUfpUT) * © °° “Lesley Yourg pus douuvy) * °° 3g -oog! -oypraspuotmg|* °° * “H UYyor *uostyly J ||Le81 P81 : ‘ 6987 TSHM €&f CONVEY “HLYON T dIHSNMOL Rear —||CFBL Ho TEST) ° UT "09 YseqeM| © St tt TS yWg YT oom! * + + ze -oag| PPT og ft ttt yonorg yy yutug nigt Soest, “iT “WD Usuquma)* * ~ = + TSUN" * “Beoag|s fst 1S “MWY ‘yottg f Pps eg8l) ° “BruvajAsutied|* * °° “sr0q138 “OD [ODBC FO OM] PR OAg;T Tt ft tt aaqroyy yjoq FPS SPSL] "UTD NsByBM]* * 7S “Lest¥y YOoyy pu ouvT) + - + FE -oeg]* + ° - ow {7 * SQ eruncpyroyiag OssL Uday ‘s{[LAsoqWIs| © °° * + “WEEN “M et10ay JooiM!*' * + zecaegis sss Pfs ee ee Hleyduy eure 4281) * UL OD USBQBM) * * °° “lesTeYy Yooyg puv sowuuy|* + + ggroogl: - + + cer) “MA 8F.lov04) ‘Udy . ‘ TSHM €T GONVY “HLYON @ dIHSNMOL LEST Tr8l| * UL “op useqeM) "> 1 tt + * “sUISS1H esy Jo atm] + * og -vag| - » [2 tt ae8uraeyg ta oa Seat 6S81| “IIT “OD puByory; * °° * ctesrey Yooyg pus Jaueg)* * * og DOG] * WATBgysoM!* 6 tt tt BUSY ae Bry OS |PLESt TOL UAT, “OO Ges|(M) > * WBySUITAND "DH joltED Jo om} * * * gg ‘aaghs + + » [0% * Aopdawy cop Arup} ||LE8T] * LESL] “TU “OD GsBivA] + * tt “Lestey Yooig puv ramawy|~ + * ge coogh: + - » | 1 °D Toure * Katee | Ses S481] "PUT “VD UosarO] * * * ‘WozINg WL ‘f Ydesor Jo ayrm|* + * Gg ‘owgls st ss 70? SUBTIEM e210 1481 S981) * TT 0D Ysequm)* °° * ‘TesiByY Yoo}g puv Jawiwg|* + * eg ~oagl: + - OIA!" * VL ‘fe ydesor ‘uoqang aaa eee 7 - OL81 LSHM FT TONVY “HLYON @ dIHSNMOL ped F281) * SET] * TIL “OD YsuqeM)* © + ‘onaffeaoy Ara y jo astm|* + * gt ‘oag) - ” "ft UYBIQOW 070718YD feel 9B8L] “LOD UsBytM | * * + + “tostuy Yoo}S puy Jou)’ * + gL veg “Sinqsueey|* * / Aiuay ‘aiye[jaaoy eEST ougt|*’ * °° Auvurtay 7 Tt SYOSMIM “A oFlves) Jo ata] °° BL oagl* ¢ a 1 1 [teyoossog eurjouwy } leroy OL8L] °° * tex ‘dapeg|* °° * * “YWsyovjg put towing) * * + gL cag): ¢ as ste “A 28.1008 ‘ qosatyt J lloy ey gest} * tT‘ 00) Ysuqea] © 7 TS" UUH "Yy UYOr Jo aTIM}* 7 + gg oag]* + ”» Sco ugg y Arey Z681 S181] “19d *a[98¥O MON| 7 0 7 7 ONQNd Suwon pus dowwg| * + + EZ coag) + * a Pitts ca agor Sung f lecer - GL81| ° PUT ‘o[[tasavag| * * WIOpleH AruaH Ju ofl pUesaig| * + t+ gL ‘oeg)* + “Burpmog]* + + Jasuy Alvi) |lTogt 9L8L “7 ot)? * t WdopleH Aiuay Jo ojla qsaty) * 7 + * + yustl‘og ydeg pad)" "ccc 9330 ALB OZ 9181) * “Jon ‘teaguBy!* + + + “LasIBy YooIg pus dowmuBy|* + * gpcoagl* * is cots £raeH ‘uiopreyH PaSe SES8t} “O “oy JuoULIa1g) * * + * “JeuUIG “H seuEP Jo atM|* °° ¢zoag]* * ”» Dy opp wequed “y yes | lio ey S4zT| ° "TOO OM) * +t + *tastey yoorg pu dowavgyl|* * + ez oag]* * a {tot DH seurvg ‘aun f \ergy S81) UIE “CD PuRlyory) + 1 5 +t ‘uodwog gf Joam]* °° eLcoeg)* * ” Pitt Suodkuwy “Try } Hlicer L981] * “UIT "OD UsvywaAy) * * * * “TesIVY Yvoig pue JouwVy)* + > gL -oeg)* * “Bulpmogi: + ++ ‘d ‘£ ‘uoydwog 6z8T bP “AM “OD UBIASTIYD) * * “ploFYoei_ aosduroy,s, Jo atm|* + + TL ‘vag]* - ” fo 8 8 costa “a wit ers GIST] “UT eO ysequM|* °° + “tesTeYy Yyoolg pus aemeg|* + * [pL -vag): * quoulljeg| * ‘uosdurouy, ‘ploy youlg Gest test OSS . . e ISHAM FT GONVY “HLNOS @ dIHSNMOL a Sest 6S8I} * TIT OD YSBquA) * * “poomM UosteN Jo astm quasarg|* * * og -oogl-arrelg stim)?" ttt win “a Ae pes TOL) © UE COD USBQUA) "7 7 “POOM WosfeN Ju astm sind) * * * * * Sus| St “Qod pata) * + + + + way yeaeg }ilpeot PERL UL VO seus] °° * + LasTey Yoog pay sauayg) "+ + 9 ‘999) OMI SA] * * * UOs[oN ‘poo J |Iecet S81 * AID YOK MON] * SUARETILM UesNg Jo puvqsny oe7|* °° * gL8t\'1Z AON polq|* * ay qaqgoy ‘SWUM | |/Lo8T BSL} “CUT OO YsByBe AQ] oot “BULSIBY vos puv BULB * * $3 VIG oTlelg s[| Al} (uoisueg aan) -y oas ‘SUIVHIEM J | PEST PG81 ‘ON “09 PLosInH ao93uy/OM Aousy Jo pusqsny avy) = + + + gzst|* “wer paiq)* * jeuuryg ‘uo}SuyloAs | Hleest FCSL pay * "Oy aBuvlgQ|* * * ‘sulsiey Yvojg pue Zuruiey) * * * i {00G/O(V1g BILAL] (zorimg eeu) Sony ‘uorsuyioss J |lZe81 SPST) I 00 Ysequm| "°° * + “AOIEM “A SoumeE Jo at] * * + eZ ‘00g PT SUOUS “A YelUs | lizigt 8ESl} "HE OO YseqeAy) © § * * “Lastey yooyg puv dourivy) * + * Ez ‘08g ‘onaretg SITTIN] °° °° a seuuue ‘Aart J Hogg) * Gost UueL “oD WosIM| © * “WTA UeI{ITA Jo esta yaaserg! * * * gg ‘oeg| “jUlog spueg|* * + + * ]peqdwuy ywaug ees deglUuay, “oD UOs[IM| * 7 *-U[{) WRIT JO aftm paoveg!* °° * * pe8L ‘6L “qeaq peig|* °° * eadug yqquzig | leest 418L) Ay * 09 UBASIYO) © "7 7 CULL) ULBITTA, JO OfLM asarg] °° * * ‘opstits Yow paid}* * Weqdusp “W 1098a | |gest O81] * “OLYO “OO Ssoy)* * + 1S “LeySIULY pu tauuBs] * * * gg -oag| “yulog spuegl* °° * * * WRITE ‘OLD GG8L a RB g : @ = *RLIAILVN os gueipay + AY CON ss010 RI * puy “op eakem 2 THT, “09 UsegE A sss faves TS “OD ARQ’ + 8 ©” SURI pUT “ITT S09 ysequ ay, “rs 00 USBqeM “CTT 09 Useqe AA | * * * AY “OD ually oTy oO“ Ogu gyTwe AL Bd og 101. gst “Irs owt USPQ, TIT 299 Ysequ Ay “TU £00 ysequ aM “TIT S09 yseqe “TT 0D yRequ ay “THT S00 yseqray “ays “OD YSequ A WT "07 OUaTMBT TTS09 aouaImeT "sss UBUD * puy “og oude my “TT "00 _yseye ay, “ed (09 wouRgaTyT “TT SOD yseqe “TH 00 yRequ ay “THT “0D ysequay - “pul “o.) ALlag “NT “09 qsequa| * “TIT “09 yseqem “TH £09 YSuqum “NT 20D Useqe my “TT S09 ysequay TTT (90 yseqe mM TTT 0p useqe A “TH S09 HSRquM ‘TeT ‘ABM[BH) “OD TT fon yseqeA TTT (09 Ysequm “TT “0D UsRqu A “1T“00_yseqe a, “eq “op ulydneq - “BA “OD Yooig TTOD aoUAIMRy “TIT “09 yseqem “TIT SOD YsBqu mM “TIT 09 Gomer Mey PDD DD Dasa ev go ara : 7) "WaTUssoRlg a segaguci “ SOUIUL JO OFT ‘* * ‘uoading puke uvtorsdéyg Ul[]PURG SBUIBP JO AIT NH yUeseIg “UI[PURG SaUIEL JO OFTM PITTL ‘UL[pUBg SOWUBE Jo eJIM pucdag 1 1 T*Uyppueg souler Jo ogra ysaty Sts ss fayg "fp Jo OTM oS JOULE poliyey "OMAR SOULEL JO OFT AL *1930H Joyoridorg paw sowseg “add "M ‘f JO AJIT yeserg "sss S90 "M 'P JO aft sat shot oss ss que pole [Btouex St) paspegon "MD Jo OJTM “IOSI¥Y YOoIG pues JawWIVy] **PURLIETOW “WA JO JIM Iasetg “PUBLIeY OW “UM JO EFI SITY eres a 7“ eunug * + YSORUTOW "f “VY JO oft yuesarg 17 LCUSOIUTOW “f “V JO afr 4saty * 4qsISBn1q pus doading ‘uvoisAud * pusployyy "OC eBioay) Jo apo] * *puyplaywy ‘Oo aB10axy Jo 10yIBy * + spusprayiry °G ads0ay Jo ast "toss Jastey Yoog pus JowIEy {oD L SeWeT *) qooer Jo OTM ences 7 8s TOWIV 7 ss ross UB [13884 ToD DP paeeqwy) vasa Jo etm 3s SSae Gi eee 2 FOUL T © *PUBLIOUIWT “O “WAL JO OFLA OCT oor + TOUR "7°" Weey “AV Jo 10qICW ‘+ + ueey gy Jo roywy * * Weds “A “V JO OFLA 998T * * + JaSIVY Yoog pus 1IWIB "+ Wed ‘O TUAL JO OTT ss 5 * Jasrey Yoojg puwe 1awsey USpPlof “f PABMPY Ju oJ JUIBaIg * | Uepsop “f PAVMPA JO OFLA gsILy ay ies ies de nt + yaued cess Kapsaay ap Jo aA tee oe Tlomep code * * + Gas[oA HoMepady JO aka "* 5 + SIT oepas[y Jojedoig * *xOq YBIUlelar Jo aim JUesaIg ‘9 * + xXOg YBIWeLef JO aJIM SILT "+ + * JasiRy Yoog pue sauL1ey ‘VIM OC UlpYaVsIy Jo oft yussarg HUM OC WNAABIA JO at pavoag * "TAA OC UAUBIT JO aFTM 9ss1 ‘df pas orqad AieyON ‘4QUBYII PL Dott t 1403409 "TA Jo atm Pied eel ee aaa * * 5 taqIN09 “F ‘Q) JO SIM ee eas Ss Touuegd JINN “A “M JO FIM 990" NS Sued * * J98tO “H BYOL JO ATM ee AS Toueg i. aoyduiop "gq UBA JO OFIM . nner CALC AA: peulultojapun worssajyorg " * SnipUy SaUlBe JO OITA, tebe ee +s Toure SUBPY PAB Jo arn aye] : cots * IaWIeyy SuoNsuy PIVMOH JO OFLAL 7 0? JOUR Zuoyswiy vaeqey jo‘qsny 93eT ++ * Zurstey youlg pus Jarwivy “TWIB | ° eTepuetty * $oRT aifoneny % Leg } 4 Cs alepuely * OLgt a1epueTly * g ‘00g 7S BRSL * g deg] ° i. gee 8 ‘00g * + 8 ‘aeg amy ‘aqAspuerng * 7 * 1881 * * 6 ‘008 63 ‘08g 63 “99S £ & * L981 09g ” * orepuarty * 9S8L ST 999) * e[Bpuslly “ * 7 * O88 * LL8L erepnety| . ‘00g “00g ‘29g : aqepually, as ¢ “og “+6 + +! get 1% “9989 FG 1999 FB 995 " * * G8st £1 “998 ae ‘a0g| * SL “008] * ‘0a8| ° olepuatty = ‘qdag paid B ‘9a poly ‘wT ‘00q paid aqepuayly ‘UL ydeg pod ” ” ” * * ayspaolly ‘OL Jydag pad * ofwpually ‘4 Atnp potd * + opepually “gore paid + + erepuatty tng paid * orypuelly celttaspuarrg ‘FL 'AON POI ” -al[taspaarrg aTepually ‘g uup peld + ayepuatry, ‘gt ae paid + ayepuarry zoe paid 8 “UB paid arepually ‘st ydeg paid * ayepuarry ‘gr une pel ” * * ayepuelly ‘6L lady pold * ° g[epueall[y MIL sovpury 2 Re epg ‘meus ** £amMoy Aouny * -@ souye “yjtUg (a0isa.4\ 990) Youquey "yO Are * YNug qaluduyyy [ oe * Buon su young re Tetquyy eu ‘sous SuttpuRg | iB) ug eet? re < peinutaie JOLLINAT sores ss souer OUAB tots upega (avdegong ova ‘T yung uojdu0p eave Mp Cont 7 7 puyprouy'y “OL Ale “MD “PUBLIB OP s10d $f *O-qay 19q1nog ‘y [oyoRy, WETTM “PUBLVAOW eet ere wos sup yBisg Soa Ses wie ‘ysouupoy (poo, san) “ANS” puspaqyyT WRIA (puRp_royaT “7 OU “f yBIEg ‘O e8100%) ‘puepiengt | UBUUZIVA vusiysyO * "9 qooer ‘Io WoT tara SperT puslB yo vulzyy BUSI ‘purjeyyy * poom ouayIT) ‘9 "WM ‘pasley yy “dV ‘Woot * qaspooy ‘Oo (An O WUI[TM ‘U98y poom eUuBe BYIIRW “4ustIM yyequala “f pawapg Suspsor poomiepuy © W yes “ap ‘Aapsuey ++ ddrauay ‘f Aouen Youlepaig ‘was, H jepidg -q euljoiey wo}du109 BuoIydog ‘ * yRlulalar xo4 + * gadiey vsmnory * PleO “A YBlrg 5 = Raia “al AVAL uyyue ‘EM ed J "+ suupy Bold ace petey *q ‘aaqan09 ae wojduro “Pf UQequzg t tap ‘reqan09 } 7 xXoq “¢ Ale Soh apm {eqtu09 uveg Bulmer *H uyor ‘esi9 “ ByR yeRrg *-g usa ‘uoyduivg + Mp ‘Koureg, 7 7 Spoom coy} * + sowere ‘snipuy ‘+ xoq way Alvp } ++ preg ‘suepy t UBUBONG JLLR AL ‘+ pavmoy ‘Suonsully 7+ * A[Ysog ‘Baoiysucy (a0}1d 2a0)-qay ‘duo01suIY + pupa on “> uBpaor | soe ss Bay ‘G09 y * Booug "A YLT HL “XLIAILVN *NOILVdN900 "CONACICAT "AO1dL0 L9I0d “aWVN oF81| “TIT “0D puspyory|Auomsusy py SseuIOY, JO aJIM “satg|* ° * ET ‘veg)* * elepuatTy (spreqory ean) yaTg rs SERI i MO) USE TM Suo1jsulty"N Seo YL JO OfIM FSA * GYR! ‘g -ydeg peld eoyeyyD aplug 6281)" IT "OD Yseqem|* * tS : "* Jowmueg] "+ * eT ‘veg! * os ‘NI sewouy, ‘Bao1msuiy LESL| TT “Og YyseqeM|* * * Suoaysuty “Gq "W JO AIM | * °° OL 109 ‘ es Beles * dosdeiy oues CEST . UL “09 Yseqea ee ee i | * LOULIV ee OL ag . e[epuell[y ee "ET ‘Kn Zu01jswW1y ‘ . ‘ ISHAM 31 AONVU “HLYON T dIHSNMOL 1581| "TIT “09 ysequm|* °° ‘teBroquostm ‘fueg Jo astm] " | ” owe ” c+ paseg “vy syimso OFSL| © at ig kh ee sors os ts 8 *ATQAUT pus yazoH] * * 33. oan a9: st ae =aphant ‘laZ19quesl mM LOy1| * ‘TIE 09 Ysuqu aL tenes es coSary ap JO aM’ ” ‘a o- - or as a wes8uy Wacny 698111] "09 eoUeIMBT)] * * * + * ‘WoAdIng pu¥ uBforshyq}* * yWOUT[e_!" * JMoUT[o_) " © * °° ‘aif odaaL, Lagi|* ‘Ay og usSoy\' °° °° S3IH HH Joseujom|* * * * F98T) ‘ABW pad (z09unH, ou) Arey ‘S31 SIRT] * sig. ysaml|’ oo * ABIY HH Jo sayqegy °° ” hae ” 7 uyor ‘231y O9stloryo “on Suryory| * * * “B3rY H “A Jo arm quaseig| * * yuouTag| * * UOUTJeg|" °° °° ITH ‘A efuuer €FRl| “puy ‘sauteourAl* * * Ay ‘HH Jo oJ[M puooag]* * * * "08st 200 Peld|’ * °° * slaeq ae YP8T| ° HT "09 yseqna| * ea ‘BAY ‘HH Jo ojra 4st mae Se per, 6 judy peiai:: °° Aos1y “flogged 2st} * WT “oo ysequa| * o 1 1 oye IopiA POE oping) © 7 os oe eee a une Sie BLET| * * 10x) ‘sJozIoyy] * °° * oR ‘sUDeIZIeAg ‘AdesanN |” * ” ” eerie uUBUIssEy OUST. Auvuney ‘eIsdayy]* °° °° ‘UINSMON ‘fL JOATIM| * 7 8 + cus vs pita “M Bare 6981] * puy me) gosqipi "tt Jspouuedd 4s1Zaniqg)* ° * a ” sors rs PT SOONSMONT ar 8 a oT as eee liee io 7 ‘a [1 1 BeueHDy cree ChB] NT og ysequa|* "ot aRaeING pus ueorsdsyd|* * 5 oe 0 ste auejQoW Z881| ‘TIT “oD Sprsapa * ‘dUByy ‘Q Gyo Jo Jaadqeg)* * a or ” San sane ah pAByTy 1881] “IT “OO spavapa|* * °° Sc uUEA O Wyo Jo astm)" * ” ee ” , UOsSIoWU LT BpaeW Is8l| “IT “OD spawmpq|‘ * °° °° ‘astpuByolepy [ereueD) * * ‘i ae i im * ‘9 uyor ‘aus, P81) TIT Poo ysequa) = ot 8 AOLOBA OA JO OHMS Toy a ay "tt + £109 “Ty esinoy FPST] ULL OO Useqem|* * “af ‘g pus Arautyou Wy ul Jopeeq| * * 9 é * cote s se seg Kamen 681] * TIT “09 ysuqemM|' “°° * “salrMOouUy “H * iM JO OJIM oe ” ee ” se 8 8 gQalIBsy Pf YBIKG LEST] * TIT “op yseqe | * “ArOUTYOR uN] JUeAsY [erauey| * * sa aye 3 sos sa ‘saymMouy ITL81| * “(put “og swepy| * . ' * “Yyosdly 1979q JO ast Thee ” 7 y ssf * YOSBAy) BlBqIBE TL&1 “Ausulies) ‘uepeyg Re Le ee " * queyolayy [vledesy| © * yuoUII[Ad) ~*~ * quoul]]9q| * ee 8 * Iaqjod *Yosiry pest|' * * * Aueureyl* * °° ‘suTyovor gy JorspoW|* * * * * 6LBL\‘T “390 pald)|@snsy aan) enymiey ‘Furqovor POST; °° * AuBulTaH|* + * * + * sUTyoBOL “| Joroyiey|* * i ® i “+ + peimog ‘smTyovor FPSL ur’ “op useqeM |" °° 5 8 ff sUUTYyoROL “AH JO aJTM| © * ” axe ” DoDD SPe8to WeqRZe P81 Aueullesy sr oroe eos ss 8 -qUeyola fy [B1edey| * 7 ” . ” 7h Se fot Se ‘sWTyouor oret| * “IIT oo useqem) = oo + WBIZUT “¥ “f JO aJTM| °° ” oo ” “ss * are “We yeuoueR LES “urs ‘op SUABA]* * * + “JUBINEIsoY PUL SatIe.0Ig) °° io oe es sorte es ere (ue suy ble * s€yonqueyy* °° °c caesaq ‘Wd JO OJIM| ” ” a5 ve a 7 se 8 s gauuRy, “p 18 OFSL) * “IT “0D yseqeay}* °° * ‘reddryg puy Javeq Yooys) °° yaour[ed) © © yaouttea) © 7 tT ats wf ‘ueseq 23 |) er ws ee ol se eS Se eo . se ee se me . < oe ss 8s B2Iy WL yeueg sieist|. ah ew AS ee Set | Bowe a we ea) sap Ge lease ae phe, [sae yy se ee tee ele ++ grenbuep “vm va [re ee aa ee eee ee) ee ee Brie Poay Sie deta we Ree alle wea gece aie See, ep we So Sw Se ee aos ey ee ee ee oN nomstag | ZLE1| * “BUTOIeD YWON] * * *‘osNOyYoo” weryjtM JO aTM] * * a a i ** + reseg ‘W uesng ZL81] ° * 1ey ‘toaouvH]* = * * * + SLapeaq, eOUg Pues yoog| * * yUOUTITag|* * yaOWT[eg|* *° Wel ‘asnoyyxo0g DNOW TTA corpse ese 8 ee * baosdurony Aue JO OjJIM yWasalg|* * * Ze"veg,* * * * Wary] (poomsepag seu) ssianog Arey Be a BAY Tes oh Sayeeda iL ‘uosdwoyL, Aldo JO aJtM Sala} tt LEST “1.90220 Beige NeeoD Si aealK ys maf he SP RE we RE a we ll wae “! queyoreRl|* * Ze aeg! - -F uUry 8 ATH uosdwoyy GEST] * “BUITOIeD YWON]* * ° [Sur aay Jo pueqsny aq] sos saget'g pady paiqg)* °° °° * Aiuay ‘Bury ZESL| eq “OD ulpyuBg}]* °° 3 ‘ -Buruieg)* * * gg'oag * °° * UUITy|(aRUryoer eau) uuy ‘Surly PPRL|Ud “OD UNYUBIA| ' * * “AoysteH Ugo Jo atm aywT) * °° + * geet ‘1.40900 peta)" * * * YTWE qeqeziTT Fell puyptuwyl oc dame pammayl: * * Fe 098, * * aywpuayly|* °° °° Wyo ‘Aaysiag . ‘ LTSHM Gl GONVY HIMON @ dIHSNMOL 9¢8T) * IIT roo ysequa}' °° °° UWTAL ff eB10a) JO OJTA\| © © * FZ ‘9Eg) * sts rojod ‘q Are GFBL] "ALT, “o) ysequM|* ooo * + Yyusyos}g puysewIwy) © ° FZ Veg) * * - quotjeq worn s +p 981009 ‘UW 0881) “HI “oO Spreapa| «6° °° WIN “W OIBTTITA FO BIIM) "TT OT teaghs “ * * Jas[eM ‘qd eueso[y a ne ‘og ABIO| * + +t JasIvy Yooyg pus Jowegq|* * + *9ag| ° quiog spasy cots A uETTM ‘wT $S81 AL 00 UsuquA) * "5 TS TopqveiG YdasoL JO SHAM)” "ST “oag!* * ‘ eee *d oul1auye,) 6981 + + suBUIEpH}] * * * * * Testey Yoo}g pus Jouuy)* * * er gag] °° quowljeg Aeneas aSOL “Lap oVIg P 4 = *LUIALLYN *NO1LVAN090 ‘MONAQISAH | ‘Sodio Leod “AYN D Q ‘dHONIINOO—I SAM ZI AONVU “HLYON I dIHSNMOL ‘CU ANILNOO—T SAM FT AONVY “HINOS I dIHSNMOL TRL LEST eesl TEst| * €98T! ° L981 6FST 8k8T o¢csl 88 8t81 LEST T¥81 £981 Ossi 8Z8T 6181 Sg8l 8E8L esl LE8T Eest 981 Te81 S81 6481 681 6981 O&81} * FESL OE8T| * 8281 “AMON aouoI MET ie! “SUIIBd9sSe “MEO UsBaQEM pur‘ “00, asuBlo pul “ag uusqhy 19H" Sule esse Hf C2) ‘elivasg ren‘ "SWB J o889 HL L277. Mg*ogussin J, 1ansuldBd esse “TH 09 ysequmy “UL 0D ysequa “TLD Yysequay * Joy “Wey PUrLA “TIT “09 UsBqBAL “TL “O9 ysequM “HY “09 aoUeI MET “UI “09 YsBquM “TU S09 UsEqeA “TIT S09 Ysequ AL “HI S09 ysequMy “UP “OD YseqUM * pay “og Uosqly, “HI 09 ysequm “TI “09 ystqum “TIT “op yseqem “TH “09 yseqe a “TU “ep ysequM I “oD YysBquA “TH £00 Gsequ AL ul “09 yseqRa “HT “OD ysequ a 19 UOTSsTUIUIO; uax]uey 18 Bp Jo puvgsny ov] * qayeyog ‘g a81004 Jo oJ1M * LOSIBY Yv0jg pus IOWA * * qaemazs “gq “UM JO att * * lesIey YooIg pus LOU ss) ynyg diptgd Jo asta + * JOSTByY 3Yoo}g puB JoULIe * qporqog uYyor Jo afm av] * IasIBY YOOIG PUB IOULIBY * Jporyog pRLUOD Jo aFIM * JOSIBY YOO}G pus IOWLIB ‘+ uleig “Y UYyor Jo ast + * JesIVy Youjg puv LOW IVT s+ © gsoy ditgd Jo IM * + lespey Yor pus 19) * Jojueued Auay jo aim * 1aSIBY Y00,g PUY LOUIE ‘+ AQTUBPL “HD [UB JO BTM + * uoediIng pus UBIOIsAyq * O99T[PAOTT “\L AYOL JO OTM * Jas1By YooIg pus 1IULIBT TaiZar] “gS JO aFIM * JOSIVY YooIg pus JOWABT sc * * deey “a Ht JO OTM + * LaespeY YOO}G pus J9WUAVy] ccs +7 neey “AM JO OM * + JesIVY YO07g pus IOWIvT 2° WoxlUeH “Of JO OTM AJUNUD pus 1OUNB Susyey 007g paw ZU * AOAIBH “Sd JO OFLM ‘+ + + asrpuyyorepy [s190ey) 81 “20g 81 “995 LI ‘908 LI “99g MEI ‘ge: L'0eg] * AMMET ‘s £°L'098) * * gsstj' I ‘0eg| * : Binqsuesy OL “09g OL ‘09g OL “20g OL "098 6 ‘00g 6 ‘099 6 ‘00g 6 ‘00g 6T “O28 * 6L “998 * * 6LHT 61 “008 ‘LB “92, ” ” s Bmqsusex i jeune WN : Binqsueey o% quoul| led : Bimqsueey S83 Zuyjmoo| ° petd| * alpwon e Sinqsueex Banqsucsey ‘+ preguinig ‘y Arey “d od1ovy ‘iayeyog uoydui0g ‘g ‘uBsoy “@_ WETTITM “H1BM945 suijdnog 'Y lWnossi “+ durad ‘qnus “* + jepeoig "WI UUY “* uyor “poryos “+ qrayoy Bulieyyeg, ** peruog ‘yporyog * * La[loQ “VY 01220] * * y uNor ‘H189g poomysen "VV WY Zi & ditud ‘asoy * weuynd ‘f Aout Aduaf ‘ay uauLed * OINIQOW “OT Al’ *p Turd ‘Ao URAL * pavod setydug “L ayor ‘9939 [/aA0T | | + eNeTledorT aoe | j j j eae § ‘8 ‘Ielde'T tt * sa[Mouy Bpurony ass fs “-q “my ‘uae yy cot tt suing y 0190H =e “OM ‘a0 ot Pood “A ePLe AL [ct tg "p ‘uayLueH * "M e8100n ‘uayxIUeH (aynag 20u)" ‘8318 Jy ‘UOHIUa 8s Joey ‘vy Bipary tet gg Kesey SPSL 8EsT Ze81 OZ8T Tg81 Ty81 eg8L Gest 0Z81 OF8T Ges 9F81 PEBL “TIL “00 spre pg “TE S09 ysequ Ay “TELE S00 yseqe A “UES ysequ a “UESog ysequ a “TIE “0d yseqs ‘Q “OD yUOUdIIO Jap sulieg esse “BAM “OD POOM “TIT [00 YsequAL MESO yseqy ay “HE S09 ysequay “TI “0D YsBqBAL * * * woskBiy ‘9 UYyOLr Jo OFT * LOSIVY YIOIS PUB OUNIBY * ABI WRITIEM JO TOYyIOW AviN WBE JO 19y7By * IasivY YoOG pus IowIBy ‘+ weyued “d “Vy JO aIM * LOSIVY YOOIG Pu OWI “* awkq uyor fo atm * JasIBY Hog pus IOW IBY * UOPIBD "Y OBES] Jo aJIM 94BT * * * Javad UIvIH puy lawWIBy . OL *998] * OL *098] ” Binqsuse yy * * GL8L “ez ‘uve peald 0 “0eg} * 0% "0eg| * Binqsueeyy og agi" * 0g “oas}' * * Buytho9 3 “oag|* Z ‘00g|* jews “1 * *eust|‘e Sing ped 9T ‘dag| * 1 1 f * woydutop UREN JO ITM | MEL'Se 0008 * * * JesTeyY Yoog pus JotudyT| MEL'Ss ‘OL'098] * Binqnusey ” Pts ysext vost . : sa uyor “uoskvly, (uoydurogoau) ywivg SVD -* sour ‘AvI5 * wera ‘4816 * [00d “V 9081V ‘gy ‘weyueq * JO]P9S 4IeQVz ay “+ uyor esq pslozysy Bpul1olio “WY OBVST ULBIdBD ‘UOJ[AUD 7" * 5 gqousvg YyVOQeZN sss 9s uBon ‘aozdu0g ee kee “ISAM Sl ADNVY ‘HLNOS 2 dIHSNMOL P981 O98L €S81| * OF8T| ° 8981 SF8T © GT8L teSl 181] * Lest * “TIT S00 ysequay GLBLIOLYO “OD O.Me[aq “TIE op yseqea LP81 erst UT 09 ystquM “TU £09 yseye “TU S09 Yseqe Ay ATL 'OD YsUqs AL “HL 0D Ysequ a IL “09 yseqe MA HL S0p qsequ Ay “HI 09 ysvqu TU Sep ysequ at IT 09 YsBQn AA + 5 “poom "VY WEHITM JO OtTM ‘1OSIVY YOOIg puY JowWIBy * “poom “SY Jepary jo 12430} “poo “HM Lepur'y 0 1aq}8y “LISIVY YOuIS pus Jowuey "ttf "poomM *H °O JO OIM Crostey YO0}g pus JowIN JUBA “Y UYOL Jo OTM ceaneee - Tountg “pooM “A “A JO OTM hss s queyotepy “TOMTING Souter JO OFM ee Toute chy * * o[epuclly aTITAspusly 161d pold ‘onttaspuorng ” alepuerly YMosaed 'D qeaeg “Y WEITITM ‘PooM {asex au) ay0LeyD ‘poo "+ + ydesor § ‘poom *"M Jopury ‘poom . UNIT “ot Are +++ “-G "poom, * * Weey BuUEsOY Scott sy mor 4y8TI PooM “A WegeZa +r a qraqiog ‘ Apeury | “gq yBleg cots sewWeE TOTS ee ‘CHANILNOO—ISAM &1 AONVY “HLINOS @ dIHSNMOL “dH ONIINOO—TSHM CI ADONVE ‘HIMON T dIHSNMOL CONSTITUTION OF ILLINOIS. ADOPTED IN CoNVENTION AT SPRINGFIELD, May 13, a. p. 1870; RatirreD BY THE PEOPLE JuLY 2, 1870; IN Force, Aucusr 8, 1870; anp AMENDMENTS THERETO, WITH THE DATES OF RATIFICATION. PREAMBLE. We, the people of the State of Illinois—grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political and religious liberty which He hath 80 long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing upon our endeavors to secure and transmit the same unimpaired to succeeding generations—in order to form a more perfect goy- ernment, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of ‘liberty to ourselves and our posterity ; do ordain and establish this constitution for the State of Illinois, ARTICLE I. BOUNDARIES. The boundaries and jurisdiction of the State shall be as fol- lows, to wit: Beginning at the mouth of the Wabash river; thence up the same, and with the line of Indiana, to the north- west corner of said State; thence east, with the line of the same State, to the middle of Lake Michigan; thence north, along the middle of said lake, to north latitude 42 degrees and 30 minutes ; thence west to the middle of the Mississippi river, and thence down along the middle of that river to its confluence with the Ohio river, and thence up the latter river, along its northwestern shore, to the place of beginning: Provided, that this State shall exercise such jurisdiction upon the Ohio river as she is now. entitled to, or such as may hereafter be agreed upon by this State and the State of Kentucky. - ARTICLE II. BILL OF RIGHTS. . Inherent and Inalienable Rights. j 10. Self-Crimination—Former Trial. Due Process of Law. 1l. Penalties proportionate—Corrup- . Liberty of Conscience Guaranteed. tion—Forfeiture, Freedom of the Press-Libel. 12. Imprisonment for Debt. Right of Trial by Jury. 13. Compensation for Property talen. . Unreasonable Searches and Seiz-|314. Ex post facto laws—Irrevocable (O9 eOD kOe COKRERITOKOE 2 PF FA eorweDe ures. . Bail allowed—Writ of Habeas Cor-|? 15. pus. 16. Quartering of Soldiers. . Indictment required—Grand Jury |# 17. q 18. Elections to be Free and Equal. Abolished. . Rights of Persons Accused of|¢ 19. Time. 20. #1. All men are by nature free Grants. Military Power Subordinate. Right of Assembly and Petition. What Laws ought to be. Fundamental Principles. and independent, and have certain inherent and inalienable rights—among these are life, liberty, and the pursuic of happiness. To secure these rights and the protection of property, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the gov- erned, 3 2.*No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property, without duc process of law. 28. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination, shall forever be guaranteed ; and no person shall be denied any civil or political right, privi- lege or capacity, on account of his religious opinions; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be construed to dispense with oaths or affirmations, excuse acts of liccntiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace.or safety of the State. No person shall be required to attend or support any min- istry or place of worship against his consent, nor shall any pref- erence be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of worship. \ : 24. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty; and in all trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth, when pub- lished with good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be a sufli- cient defense. 25. The right of trial by jury as heretofore enjoyed shall re- main inviolate; but the trial of civil cases before justices of the peace by a jury of less than twelve men, may be authorized by law. 26. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, heuses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue with- out probable cause, supported by affidavit, particularly describ- ing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. 27. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or the presump- tion great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. 28. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense, unless on indictment of a grand jury, except in cases in which’ the punishment is by fine, or imprisonment otherwise than in the penitentiary, in cases of impeachment, and’in cases arising in the army and navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger: Provided, that the grand jury may be abolished by law in all cases. 29. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have the right to appear and defend in person and by counsel ; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have a copy there- of; to meet the witnesses fuce to face, and to have process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed. 210. No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to give une against himself, or be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense. 211. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the offense; and no'conviction shall work corruption of blood of for- feiture of estate; nor shall any person be transported out or the State for any offense committed within the same. ¢ 12. No person shall be imprisoned for debt, unless upon re- fusal to deliver up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law; or in cases where there is strong presumption of fraud. 218. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation. Such compensation, when not made by the State, shall be ascertained by a jury, as shall be pre- scribed by law. The fee of land taken for railroad tracks, with- out consent of the owners thereof, shall remain in such owners, subject to the use for which it is taken. ¢ 214. No ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities, shall be passed. @15. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power. #16. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war ex- cept in the manner prescribed by law. ¢17. The people have the right to assemble in a peaceable manner to consult for the common good, to make known their opinions to their representatives, and to apply for redress of griev- ances. 218. All elections shall be free and equal. ¢19. Every person ought to find a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries and wrongs which he may receive in his person, property or reputation; he ought to obtain, by law, right and justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it, completely and without denial, promptly and without delay. 1 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 361 é 20. A frequent occurrence to the fundamental principles of civil government is absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty. ARTICLE III. DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS. The powers of the Government of this State are divided into three distinct departments—the Legislative, Executive and Ju- dicial; and no person, or collection of persons, being one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others, except as hereinafier expressly directed or permitted. ARTICLE IV. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. . General Assembly elective. 218. Ordinary Expenses—Casual Defi- . Time of Llection—Vacancies, cits—Appropriations limited. 3. Who are Eligible. : 19, Extra Compensation or Allowance. . Disquatification by Crime. 20. Public Credit not loaned. . Outh taken by membors. 21. Pay and milcage of members. . Senatorial Apportionments, 22. Special Legislation prohibited. . & 8 Minority Representation. 23. Against Release from Liability. . Time of me eting—General Rule.|¢ 24. Proceedings on Impeachinent. . Sverctary—Adjournment—Journ-| 2 25, Fuel, Stationery, and Printing. als, Prorests. 26. State not to be sued. 11. Style of Laws. . 27. Lottery and Gift Enterprises. lz. Origin and passage of Bills. 28. Terms of Office not Extended. 13, Reading—Printing--Title-Amend-| 2 29. Protection of operative miners. ments. 30. Concerning Roads—public and pri- 4. Privileges of members. vate, tt geet 5. Bills making Appropriations. 32. Homestead and Exemption Laws. . Payment of money —Statement| 233. Completion of the State House. of Expenses. eRermscercGs © CMaTRERRD «— COurmaracOTETOTORTOTOS e PRE SON oOo Ree . Disabilities of members. i Draining and Ditching, ee a #1. The legislative power shall be vested in a General As- sembly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, both to be elected by the people. ELECTION. 2. An election for members of the General Assembly shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, and every two years thereafter, in each county, at such places therein as may be provided by law. When vacancies occur in either house, the governor, or person exercising the powers of governor, shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies, ELIGIBILITY AND OATH. 23. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, or a representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-one years. No person shall be a senator or a representative who shall not be a citizen of the United States, and who shall not have been for five years a resi- dent of this State, and for two years next preceding his election a resident within the territory forming the district from which he is elected. No judge or clerk of any court, secretary of state, attorney general, state’s attorney, recorder, sheriff, or collector of ublic revenue, member of either house of congress, or person olding any lucrative office under the United States or this State, ‘or any foreign government, shall have a seat in the general as- sembly : Provided, that appointments in the militia, and the offi- ces of notary public and justice of the peace, shall not be con- sidered lucrative. Nor shall any person, holding any office of honor or profit under any foreign government, or under the gov- ernment of the United States, (except postmasters whose annual compensation does not exceed the sum of $300,) hold any office of honor or profit under the authority of this State. ; 24. No person who has been, or hereafter shall be, convicted of bribery, perjury or other infamous crime, nor any person who has been’or may be a collector or holder of public moneys, who shall not have accounted for and paid over, according to law, all such moneys due from him, shall be eligible to the general as- sembly, or to any office of profit or trust in this State. 36. Members of the general assembly, before they enter upon their official duties, shall take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation : “1 do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the constitution of the United States, and the constitution of the State of Illinois, and will faithfully discharge the duties of senator (or representative) according to the best of my ability; and that I have not, knowingly or intentionally, paid or contributed anything. or made any promise in the nature of a bribe, to directly or indi- rectly influence any vote at the election at which I was chosen to fill the eaid office, and have not accepted, nor will I accept or receive, directly or indirect- ly, any money or other valuable thing, from ane corporation, company or per- son, for any vote or influence I may give or wit! hold on any bill, resolution or appropriation, gr for any other official act.” This oath shall be administered by a judge of the supreme or circuit court, in the hall of the house to which the member is elected, and the secretary of state shall record and file the oath subscribed by each member. Any member who shall refuse to to take the oath herein prescribed, shall forfeit his office, and every member who shall be convicted of having sworn falsely to, or of violating, his said oath, shall forfeit his office, and be dis- La thereafter from holding any office of profit or trust in is State. APPORTIONMENT—SENATORIAL. 26. The general assembly shall apportion the State every ten years, beginning with the year 1871, by dividing the population of the State, as ascertained by the federal census, by the number 51, and the quotient shall be the ratio of representation in the senate. The State shall be divided into 51 senatorial districts, each of which shall elect one senator, whose term of office shall be four years. Thesenators elected in the year of our Lord 1872, in districts bearing odd numbers, shall vacate their offices at the end of two years, and those elected in districts bearing even num- bers, at the end of four years; and vacancies occurring by the expiration of term, shall be filled by the election of senators for the full term. Senatorial districts shall be formed of contiguous and compact territory, bounded by county lines, and contain as nearly as practicable an equal number of inhabitants; but no district shall contain lessthan four-fifths of the senatorial ratio. Counties containing not less than the ratio and_ three-fourths, may be divided into separate districts, and shall be entitled to two senators, and to one additional senator for each number of inhabitants equal to the ratio, contained by such counties in ex- cess of twice the number of said ratio. Note—By the adoption of minority representation, fe 7and 8 of this article cease to be a part of the constitution. Under 3 12o0f the schedule, and the vote of adoption, the following section relating to minority representation is substi- tuted for said sections: MINORITY REPRESENTATION, #37 and 8. The house of representatives shall consist of three times the number of the members of the senate, and the term of office shall be two years. Three representatives shall be elected in each senatorial district at the general election in the year of our Lord, 1872, and every two years thereafter. In all elections of representatives aforesaid, each qualified voter may cast as many votes for one candidate as there are representatives to be elected, or may distribute the same, or equal parts thereof, among the candidates, as he shall see fit; and the candidates highest in votes shall be declared elected. TIME OF MEETING AND GENERAL RULES, #9. The sessions of the general assembly shall commence at 12 o’clock, noon, on the Wednesday next after the first Monday in January, in the year next ensuing the election of members thereof, and at no other time, unless as provided by this consti- tution. A majority of the members elected to each house shall constitute a quorum, Each house shall determine the rules of its proceedings, and be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members; shall choose its own officers; and the senate shall choose a temporary president to preside when the lieutenant-governor shall not attend as president or shall act as governor. The secretary of state shall call the house of repre- sentatives to order at the opening of each new assembly, and preside over it until a temporary presiding officer thereof shall have been chosen and shall have taken his seat. No member shall be expelled by either house, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to that house, aud no member shall be twice expelled for the same offence. Each house may punish by imprisonment any person, not a member, who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by disorderly or contemptuous beha- viour in its presence. But nosuchimprisonment shall extend be- yond two hours at one time, unless the person shall persist in such disorderly or contemptuous behaviour. “ 210. The doors of each house and of committees of the whole, shall be kept open, except in such cases as, in the opinion of the house, require secrecy. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than two days, or to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, which shall be pub- lished. In the senate at the request of two members, and in the house at the request of five members, the yeas and nays shall be taken on any question, and entered upon the journal. Any two 862 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. members of cither house shall have liberty to dissent from and protest, in respectful language, against any act or resolution which they think injurious to the public or to any individual, and have the reasons of their dissent entered upon the journals, STYLE OF LAWS AND PASSAGE OF BILLS. 211. Thestyle of the laws of this State shall be: Be it en- acted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the G'en- eral Assembly. @ 12. Bills may originate in either house, but may be altered, amended or rejected by the other; and on the final passage of all bills, the vote shall be by ycas and nays, upon each bill sepa- rately, and shall be entered upon the journal; and no bill shall become a law without the concurrence of a majority of the mem- bers elected to cach house. #13. Every bill shall be read at large on three different days, in cach house; and the bill and all amendments thereto shall be rinted before the vote is taken on its final passage; and every ill, having passed both houses, shall be signed by the spcakers thereof. No act hereafter passed shall embrace more than one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title. Dut if any sub- ject shall be embraced in an act which shall not be expressed in the title, such act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not beso expressed ; and no lawshall be revived or amended by reference to its title only, but the law revived, or the section amended, shall be inserted at length in the new act. And no act of the general assembly shall take effect until the first day of July next after its passage, unless, in case of emergency, (which emergency shall be expressed in the preamble or body of the act), the general assembly shall, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to cach house, otherwise direct. PRIVILEGES AND DISABILITIES, 314. Senators and representatives shall,in all cases, except treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during the session of the Benen assembly, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or dcbate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 215. No person elected to the general assembly shall receive any civil appointment within this State from the governor, the governor and senate, or from the general assembly, during the term for which he shall have been elected; and all such appoint- ments, and all votes given for any such members for any such offices or appointment, shall be void; nor shall any member of the general assembly be interested, either directly or indirectly, in any contract with the state, or any county thereof, authorized by any law passed during the term for which he shall have been elected, or within one year after the expiration thereof. PUBLIC MONEYS AND APPROPRIATIONS, 216. The general assembly shall make no appropriation of moncy out of the treasury in any privatelaw. Bills making ap- propriations for the pay of members and officers of the general assembly, and for the salaries of the officers of the government, shall contain no provisions on any other subject. 4817. No moncy shall be drawn from the treasury except in pursuance of an appropriation made by Jaw, and on the presenta- tion of a warrant issued by the auditor thereon; and no money shall be diverted from any appropriation made for any purpose, or taken from any fund whatever, either by joint or separate resolution. The auditor shall, within 60 days after the adjourn- ment of cach session of the general assembly, prepare and pub- lish a full statement of all moncy expendcd at such session, spe- ye the amount of each itcm, and to whom and for what aid. : 218. Each generalassemblyghall provide for all appropriations necessary for the ordinary and contingent expenses of the govern- ment until the expiration of the first fiscal quarter after the adjourn- ment of the next regular session, the aggregate amount of which shall not be increased without a vote of two-thirds of the mem- bers elected to each house, nor exceed the amount of revenue au- thorized by law to be raised in such time; and all appropriations, general or special, requiring money to be paid out of the State Treasury, from funds bclonzing to the State, shall end with such fiscal quarter: Provided, the State may, to meet casual deficits or failures in revenue, contract debts, never to exceed in the agere- gate $250,000; and moneys thus borrowed shall be applied to the purpose for which they were obtained, or to pay the debt thus created, and to no other purpose; and no other debt, except for the purpose of repelling invasion, suppressing insurrection, or defending the State in war, (for payment or which the faith of the State shall be pledged), shall be contracted, unless the law authorizing the same shall, at a general election, have been sub- mitted to the people, and have received a majority of the votes cast for members of the general assembly ct such election. The general assembly shall provide for the publication of said law for three months, at least, before the vote of the people shall be taken upon the same; and provision shall be made, at the time, for the payment of the interest annually, asitshall accrue, by a tax levied for the purpose, or from other sourccs cf revenue; which law, providing for the payment of such interect by such tax, shall be irrepealable until such debt be paid: And providcd Jurther, that the law levying the tax shall be submitted to the people with the law authorizing the debt to be ccntracted. 219. The general assembly shall never grant or authorize extra compensation, fee or allowance to any public cfficer, agent, scr- vant or contractor, after service has been rendered cr a ccntract made, nor authorize the payment of any claim, cr part thereof, hereafter created against the State under any agrecment cr con- tract made without express authority of law: and all such un- authorized agreements or contracts shall be null endvoid: Fro- vided, the general assembly may make appropriations fcr expendi- tures incurred in suppressing insurrection or repelling invasicn. 220. The State shali never pay, assume or become responcible for the debts or liabilities of, or in any manner give, loan cr cx- tend its credit to, or in aid of any public or other corporation, association or individual. : PAY OF MEMBERS, #21. The members of the general assembly shall receive for their services the sum of £8 per day, during the first session hcld under this constitution, and 10 cents for each mile necessarily traveled in going to and returning from the seat of government, to becomputed by the auditor of public accounts; and thereafter such compensation as shall be prescribed by law, and no other allowance or emolument, directly or indirectly, fcr any purpose whatever; except {50 per session to each member, which shall be in full for postage, stationery, newspapers, and all other inci- dental expenses and perquisites; but no change shall be made in the compensation of members of the general assembly durin the term for which they may have been elected. The pay an mileage allowed to each member of the general assembly shall be certified by the speaker of their respective houses, and entered on the journals and published at the close of each session. SPECIAL LEGISLATION PROHIBITED. @ 22. The general assembly shall not pass local or specie] laws in any of the following enumerated cases, that isto say: for— Granting divorccs ; Changing the names of persons or places; Laying out, opening, altcring, and wcerting roads cr hivhways; Vacating roads, town plats, streets, alleys and public grounds; Locating or changing courty seats; Regulating county and township affairs ; Regulating the practice in courts of justice ; Regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, police magistrates, and constables ; Providing for change of venue in civil and criminal cases. Incorporating cities, towns, or villages, or changing cr amend- ing the charter of any town, city or village; roviding for the election of members of the board of super- visors in township’s incorporated towns or citics; Summoning and empancling grand or petit juries; Providing for the management of common schools; Regulating the rate of interest cn money ; The opening and conducting of any election, cr dcsignating the place of voting; The sale or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors or others under disability ; The protection of game or fish; Chartering or licensing ferries or toll bridges ; Remitting fines, penalties or forfeiturcs; Creating, increasing, or decreasing {ecs, percentage or allow- ances of public officers, during the term for which said officers, are clected or appointed ; Chanzing the law of descent; Granting to any corporation, association or individual the right to lay down railroad tracks, or amending existing charters for such pee ; ? HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUN TIES, ILLINOIS. 363 Granting to any corporation, association or individual any spe- cial or exclusive privilege, immunity or franchise whatever ; In all other cases where a general law can be made applicable, no special law shall be enacted ; ¢ 23. The-general assembly shall have no power to release or extinguish, in whole or in part, the indebtedness, liability, or ob- ligation of any corporation or individual to this State or to any municipal corporation therein. IMPEACHMENT. @ 24. The house of representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment; but a majority of all the members elected must concur therein. All impeachments shall be tried by the senate ; and when sitting for that purpose, the senators shall be upon oath, or affirmation, to do justice according to law and evidence. When the governor of the State is tried, the chief justice shall preside. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the senators elected. But judgment, in such cases, shall not extend further than removal from office, and disqualifi- cation to hold any office of honor profit or trust under the goy- ernment of this State. The party, whether convicted or acquit- ted, shall nevertheless, be liable to prosecution, trial, judgment and punishment according to law. MISCELLANEOUS. 2 25. The general assembly shall provide, by law, that the fuel, stationery and printing-paper furnished for the use of the State; the copying, printing, binding and distributing the laws and journals, and all other printing ordered by the general assembly, shall be let by contract to the lowest responsible bidder; but the general assembly shall fix a maximum price; and no member thereof or other officer of the State, shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in such contract. But all such contracts shall be subject.to the approval of the governor, and if he disapproves the same there shall be are-letting of the contract, in such man- ner as shall be prescribed by law. & 226. The State of Illinois shall never be made defendant {n any court or law of equity. $27. The general assembly shall have no power to authorize lotteries or gilt enterprises, for any purpose, and shall pass laws : prohibit the sale of lottery or gilt enterprise tickets in this tate. % 28. No law shall be passed which shall operate to extend the term of any public officer after his election or appointment, @ 29. It shall be the duty of the general assemoly to pass such laws as may be necessary for the protection of operative miners, by providing for ventilation, when the same may be required, and the construction of escapement-shafts, or such other appliances as may secure safety in all coal mines, and to provide for the en- forcement of said laws by such penalties and punishments as may be deemed proper. ; @ 30. The general assembly may provide for establishing and opening roads and cart-ways, connected with a public road, for private and public use. oie 231. The general assembly may pass laws permitting the own- ers and occupants of lands to construct drains and ditches, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, across the lands of others. 432. The general assembly shall pass liberal and homestead and exemption laws. : 233. The general assembly shall not appropriate out of the State treasury, or expend on account of the new capitol grounds, and construction, completion and furnishing of the State-house, a sum exceeding in the aggregate, $3,500,000, inclusive of all ap- propriations heretofore made, without first submitting the propo- sition for an additional expenditure to the legal voters of the State, at a general election ; nor unless a majority of all the votes at such election sball be for the proposed additional expenditure. ARTICLE V. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 1, Officers of this Department. 914. Governor ag Commander-in-Chief. 2. Of the State Treasurer. 215. Impeachment for Misdemeanor. 3. Time of Electing State Officers. | 716. Veto of the Governor. 4 Returns—Tie—Contested Election | #17. Lientenant-Governoras Governor. 5. Eligibility for office. 218.. As President of the Senate. 6, Governor—Power and Duty. 219. Vacancy in Governor's Office. 7. His Message and Statement. 220. Vacancy in other State Offices. 8. Convening the General Assembly. | ¢ 21. Reports of State Officers. 9. Proragning the General Assembly. | 2 22. Great Seal of State. 10. Nominations by the Governor. ¢ 23. Fees and Salaries. 11. Vacancies may be filled. 324. Definition of “‘ Office.” 12, Removals by the Governor. 225. Oath of Civil Officers. 13, Roprieves, Commutations, Pardons EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 21. The executive department shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Ac- counts, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and At- torney-General, who shall each with the exception of the Treas- urer, hold his office for the term of four years from the second Monday of January next after his election, and until his succes- sor is elected and qualified. They shall, except the Lieutenant Governor, reside at the seat of Government during their term of office, and keep the public records, books and_ papers there, and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. 2. The Treasurer shall hold his office for the term of two years, and until his successor is elected and qualified ; and shall be ineligible to said office for two years next after the end of the term for which he was elected. He may be required by the Gov- ernor to give reasonable additional security, and in default of so doing his office shall be deemed vacant. ELECTION. 23. An election for Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Accounts and Attorney-General, shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in the year of our Lord 1872, and every four years thereaiter ; for Superintendent of Public Instruction, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, in the year 1870, and every four years thereafter; and for Treasurer on the day last abcve mentioned, and every two years thereafter, at such places and in such manner as may be prescribed by law. 24. The returns of every election for the above named officers shall be sealed up and transmitted, by the returning officers, to the Secretary of State, directed to ‘‘The Speaker of the House of Representatives,” who shall, immediately after the organiza- tion of the house, and before proceeding to other business, open and publish the same inthe presence of a majority of each house of the general assembly, who shall, for that purpose, assemble in the hall of the house of representatives. The person having the highest number of votes for either of the said cflices shall be de- clared duly elected; but if two or more have an equal and the highest number of votes, the general assembly shall, by joint ballot, choose one of such persons for said office. Contested elections for all of said offices shall be determined by both houses of the general assembly, by joint ballot, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. ELIGIBILITY. 25. No person shall be eligible to the office of governor, or lieutenant-governor, who shall not have attained the age of 30 years, and been, for five years next preceding his election, a citi- zen of the United States and of this State. Neither the gover- nor, lieutenant-governor, auditor of public accounts, secretary of State, superintendent of public instruction nor attorney general shall be eligible to any other office during the period for which he shall have been elected. GOVERNOR. 26. The supreme executive power shall be vested in the gov- ernor, who shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. @7. The governor shall, at the commencement of each session, and at the close of his term of office, give to the general assembly information, by message, of the condition of the State, and shall recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient. Heshall account to the general assembly, and accompany his message with a statement of all moneys received and paid out by him from any funds subject to his order, with vouchers,and at the commencement of each regular session, present estimates of the amount of money required to be raised by taxation for all pur- oses. E #8. The governor may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the general assembly, by proclamation, stating therein the pur- pose for which they are convened; and the general assembly shall enter upon no business except that for which they were called together. #9. In case of a disagreement between the two houses with respect to the time of adjournment, the governor may, on the same being certified to him, by the house first moving the ad- journment, adjourn the general assembly to such time as he thinks proper, not beyond the first day of the next regular session. #10. The governor shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, (a majority of all the senators elected concurring, by yeas and nays,) appoint all officers whose offices 864 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. are established by this constitution, or which may be created by law, and whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for; and no such officer shall be appointed or elected by the gen- eral assembly. @ 11. In case of a vacancy, during the recess of the senate, in any office which is not elective, the governor shall make a tem- porary appointment until the next meeting of the senate, when he shall nominate some person to fill such office ; and any person so nominated, who is confirmed by the senate (a majority of all the senators elected concurring by yeas and nays), shall hold his office during the remainder of the time, and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified. No person, after being rejected by the senate, shall be again nominated for the same oflice at the same session, unless at the request of the scnate, or be appointed to the same office during the recess of the general assembly, 412. The governor shall have power to remove any officer whom he may appoint, in case of incompetency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office; and he may declare his office vacant, and fill the same as is herein provided in other cases of vacancy. #13 The governor shall have power to grant reprieves, com- mutations and pardons, after conviction, for all offences, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying therefor. @14. The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the mili- tary and nayal forces of the State (except when they shall be called into the service of the United States); and may call out the same to execute the laws, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion. 3 215. The governor, and all civil officers of this State, shall be liable to impeachment for any misdemeanor in office. VETO. #16. Every bill passed by the general assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor. If he approve, he shall sign it, and thereupon it shall become a law; but if he do not approve, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it shall have originated, which house shall enter the objections at large upon its journal, and proceed to reconsider the pill. If, then, two-thirds of the members elected agree to pass the same, it sha!l be sent, together with the objections, to the other hou;e, by which it shall likewise be reconsidcred; and if approved by two-thirds of the members elected to that house, it shall become a law, notwithstanding the objections of the gover- nor. But in all such cases, the vote of each house shall be de- termined by yeas and nays, to be entered on the journal, Any bill which shall not be returned by the governor within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been one to him, shall become a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the general assembly shall, by their adjournment, prevent its re- turn; in which case it shall be filed, with his objections, in the office of the secretary of State, within ten days after such adjourn- ment, or become a law. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, 217. In case of death, conviction or impeachment, failure to qualify,.resignation, absence from the State, or other disability of the governor, the powers, duties, the emoluments of the office for the residue of the term, or until the disability shall be re- moved, shall devolve upon the licutenant-governor, 218. The licutenant-governor shall be president of the senate, and shall vote only when the senate is equally divided. The senate shall choose a president, pro tempore, to preside in case of the absence or impeachment of the lieutenant-governor, or when he shall hold the office of governor. 219. If there be no lieutenant-governor, or if the licutenant- governor shall, for any of the causes specified in 17 of this article, become incapable of performing the duties of the office, the president of the senate shall act as governor until the vacancy is filled or the disability removed; and if the president of the senate, for any of the above named causes, shall become incapa- ble of performing the duties of governor, the same shall devolve upon the speaker of the house of representatives. OTHER STATE OFFICERS. 3.20. If the ofice of wditer of public accounts, treasurer, sec- retary of State, attorney general, or superintendent of public in- struction shall be vacated by death, resignation or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the governor tofill the same by appointment, and the appointee shall hold his office until his successor shall be elected and qualified in euch manner as may be provided by law. An account shall be kept by the officers of the executive department, and of all the public institutions of the State, of all moneys received or disbursed by them, severally, from all sources, and for every service performed, and a semi-annual report thereof be made to the governor, under oath; and any officer who makes a false reportshall be guilty of perjury, and punished accordingly. 3 21. The officers of the executive department, and of all the public institutions of the State, shall, at least ten days preceding each regular session of the general assembly, severally report to the governor, who shall transmit such reports to the general as- sembly, together with the reports of the judges of the supreme court of the defects in the constitution and laws; and the gover- nor may at any time require information, in writing, under oath, from the officers of the executive department, and all officers and managers of state institutions, upon any subject relating to the condition, management and expenses of their respective offices. THF SEAL OF STATE, $22. There shall be a seal of the State, which shall be called the “Great seal of the State of Illinois,’ which shall be kept by ue secretary of State, and used by him, officially as directed by aw. FEES AND SALARIES. 2 23. The officers named in this article shall receive for their services a salary, to be established by law, which shall not be in- creased or diminished during their official terms, and they shall not after the expiration of the terms of those in office at the adoption of this constitution, receive to their own use any fees, costs, perquisites of office, or other compensation. And all fees that may hereafter be payable by law for any service performed by any officer provided for in this article of the constitution, shall be paid in advance into the State treasury. DEFINITION AND OATH OF OFFICE. ¢ 24. An office is a public position created by the constitution or law, continuing during the pleasure of the appointing power, or for a fixed time, with a successor elected or appointed. An employment is an agency, for a temporary purpose, which ceases when that purpose is accomplished. 225. All civil officers, except members of the general assembly and such inferior officers as may be by law exempted, shall, be- fore they enter on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: Ido solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will support the constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of Illinois, and that [ will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of according to the best of my ability. And no other oath, declaration or test shall be required as a qualification. ARTICLE VI. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 1. Judicial Powers of Courts. 18. County Judges—County Clerks. 2, Seven Supreme Judges—Four| ¢19. Appeals from County Courts. Decide. 20- Probate Courts Authorized. 3. Qualifications of aSupreme Judge| ¢ 21. Justices of the Peace and Consta- 4, Terms of the Supreme Court. bles. 5. Three Grand Divisions—seven | 2 22. State’s Attorney in each County. Districts. 23. Cook County Courts of Record. 6, Election of Supreme Judges. 24. Chief Justice—Power of Judges. 7. Salaries of theSupreme Judges. .5. Salaries of the Judges. 8. Appents and Writs of Error. 26. Criminsl Court of Coc k County. 9, Appointment of Reporter. 27. Clerks of Cook County Court. 10, Clerks of the Supreme Court. 28. Justices in Chicago. 11. Appellate Courts Authorized. 29. Uniformity in the Courts. lz. Jurisdiction of Circuit Courts. 30. Removal of any Judge. 13. Formation of .ludicial Circuits. 31. Judges to make Written Reports. i4. Time «f holding Circuit Courts. 32. Terms of Office—Filling Vacan- 15. Cireuits containing Four Judges. cies. 16. Silaries of the Circuit Judges. 233. Process—Prosecutions—P o pul a- 17. Qualifications of Judge&S or Com- tion, missioners 21. The judicial powers, except as in this article is otherwise provided, shall be vested in one supreme court, circuit courts, county courts, justices of the peace, police magistrates, and in such courts as may be created by law in and for cities and incor- porated towns. SUPREME COURT. 22. The supreme court shall consist of seven judges, and shall have original jurisdiction in cases relating to the revenue, in mandamus, and habeas corpus, and appellate jurisdiction in all other cases. One of said judgesshall be chief justice; four shall constitute a quorum, and the concurrence of four shall be neces- sary to every decision. HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 865 3. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the supreme court unless he shall be at least thirty years of age, and a citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall lave resided in the State five years next preceding his election, and be a resi- dent of the district in which he shall be elected. 24. Terms of the supreme court shall continue to be held in the present grand divisions at the several places now provided for holding the same; and until otherwise provided by an one or more terms of said court shall be held, for the northern division, in the city of Chicago, each year, at such times as said court may appoint, whenever said city or the county of Cook shall provide appropriate room therefor, and the use of a suitable library, without expense to the State. The judicial divisions may be altered, increased or diminished in number, and the times and places of holding said court may be changed by law. 25. The present grand divisions shall be preserved, and be denominated Southern, Central and Northern, until otherwise provided by law. The State shall be divided into seven districts for the election of judges, and until otherwise provided by law, they shall be as follows: First District—The counties of St. Clair, Clinton, Washing- ton, Jefferson, Wayne, Edwards, Wabash, White, Hamilton, Franklin, Perry, Randolph, Monroe, Jackson, Williamson, Saline, Gallatin, Hardin, Pope, Union, Johnson, Alexander, Pulaski and Massac. _ Second District.—The counties of Madison, Bond, Marion, Clay, Richland, Lawrence, Crawford, Jasper, Effingham, Fayette, Mont- gomery, Macounin, Shelby, Cumberland, Clark, Greene, Jersey, Calhoun and Christian. Third District—The counties of Sangamon, Macon, Logan, De Witt, Piatt, Douglas, Champaign, Vermilion, McLean, Living- ston, Ford, Iroquois, Coles, Edgar, Moultrie and Tazewell. Fourth Distric.—The counties of Fulton, McDonough, Han- cock, Schuyler, Brown, Adams, Pike, Mason, Menard, Morgan, Cass and Scott. Fifth District.—The counties of Knox, Warren, Henderson, Mercer, Henry, Stark, Peoria, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, Lasalle, Grundy and Wood‘ord. Sixth District —The counties of Whiteside, Carroll, Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Winnebago, Boone, McHenry, Kane, Kendall, De Kalb, Lee, Ozle and Rock Island. Seventh District.—The counties of Lake, Cook, Will, Kankakee and Du Page. The boundaries of the districts may be changed at the session of the general assembly next preceding the election for judges herein, and atno other time; but whenever such alterations shall be made, the same shall be upon the rule of equality of population, as nearly as county boundaries will allow, and the districts will be composed of contiguous counties, in as nearly compact form as circumstances will permit, The alteration of the districts shall not affect the tenure of an office of any Judge. 26. At the time of voting on the adoption of this constitution, one judge of the supreme court shall be elected by the electors thereof, in each of said districts numbered two, three, six and seven, who shall hold his office for the term of nine years from the first Monday of June, in the year of our Lord 1870. The term of office of judges of the supreme court, elected after the adoption of this constitution, shall be nine years; and on the first Monday of June of the year in which the term of any of the judges in office at the adoption of this constitution, or of the judge then elected, shall expire, and every nine years thereafter, there shall be an election for the successor or successors of such judges, in the respective districts wherein the term of such judges shall expire. The chief justice shall continue to act as such until the expiration of the term for which he was elected, after which the judges shall choose one of their number as chief jus- tice. #7. From and after the adoption of this constitution, the judges of the supreme court shall each receive a salary of $4,000 per annum, payable quarterly, until otherwise provided by law. ‘And after said salaries shall be fixed by law, the salaries of the judges in office shall not be increased or diminished during the terms for which said judges have been elected. 28. Appeals and writs of error may be taken to. the supreme court, held in the grand division in which the caseis decided, or, by consent of the parties, to any other grand division. ; 39. The supreme court shall appoint one reporter of its deci- sions, who shall hold his office for six years, subject to removal by the court. ee 210. At the time of the election for representative in the gen- eral assembly, happening next preceding the expiration of the terms of office of the present clerks of said court, one clerk of said court for each division shall be elected, whose term of office shall be six years from said election, but who shall not enter upon the duties of his office until the expiration of the term ctf his predecessor, and every six years thereafter, one clerk of said court for each division shall be elected. APPELLATE COURTS. 211. After the year of our Lord 1874, inferior appellate courts of uniform organization and jurisdiction, may be created in dis- tricts formed for that purpose, to which such appeals and writs of error as the general assembly may provide, may be prosecuted from circuit and other courts, and from which appeals and writs of error shall lie to the supreme court, in all criminal cases, and cases in which afranchise, or freehold, cr the validity of a stat- ute is involved, and in such other cascs as may be provided by law. Such appellate courts shall be held by such number of judges of the circuit courts, and at such times and placcs, end in such manner, as may be provided ty law; but nojudge shall sit in review upon cases decided by him; nor shall said judges re- ceive any additional compensation forsuch services, CIRCUIT COURTS. @ 12. The circuit courts shall have original jurisdiction of all causes in law and equity, and such appellate jurisdiction as is or may be provided by law, and shall held two or more terms each year in every county. The terms of office of judges of circuit courts shall be six years. #13. The State, exclusive of the county of Cook and other counties having a population of 1C0,C00, shall be divided into judicial circuits, prior to the expiration of terms of office of the present judges of the circuit courts. Such circuitsshall be formed of contiguous counties, in as nearly compact form and as nearly equal as circumstances will permit, having due regard to busi- ness, territory and population, and shall not exceed in number one circuit for every 100,000 of population in the State. One judge shall be elected for each of said circuits by the electors thereof. New circuits may be formed and the boundaries of cir- cuits changed by the general assembly, at its session next pre- ceding the election for circuit judges, but at no other time: Pro- vided, that the circuits may be equalized or changed at the first session of the general assembly, after the adoption of this con- stitution. The creation, alteration or change of any circuit shall not affect the tenure of office of any judge. Whenever the busi- ness of the circuit court of any one, or of two or more contigu- ous counties, containing a population exceeding 50,000, shall oc- cupy nine months of the year, the general assembly may make of such county, or counties, a separate circuit. Wheneycr eddi- tional circuits are created, the foregoing limitations shall be ob- served. 214. The general assembly shall provide for the times of hold- ing courts in each county; which shall not be changed, except by the general assembly next preceding the general election for judges of said courts; but additional terms may be provided for in any county. Theelection for judges of the circuit courts shall be held on the first Monday of June, in the year of our Lord 1873, and every six years thereafter. 215. The general assembly may divide the State into judicial circuits of greater population and territory, in lieu of the circuits provided for in section 13 of this article, and provide for the elec- tion therein, severally, by the electors thereof, by general ticket, of not exceeding four judges, who shall hold the circuit courts for which they shall be elected, in such manner as may be provided by law. %, 16. From and after the adoption of this constitution, judges of the circuit courts shall receive a salary of $3,000 per annum, payable quarterly, until otherwise provided by law. And after their salaries shall be fixed by Jaw, they shall not be increased or diminished during the terms for which said judges shall be, re- spectively, elected ; and from and after the adoption of this con- stitution, no judge of the supreme or circuit court shall receive any other compensation, perquisite or benefit, in any form whatso- ever, nor perform any other than judicial duties to which may belong any emoluments, 217. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the circuit or any inferior court, or to membership in the “bvard of county commissioners,” unless he shall be at least 25 years of age, and a citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall have re- sided in this State five years next preceding his election, and be a resident of the circuit, county, city, cities, or incorporated town in which he shall be elected. 6 = 366 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. COUNTY COURTS. 218. There shall be elected in and for each county, one judge and one clerk of the county court, whose terms of office shall be four years. But the general assembly may create districts of two or more contiguous counties, in each of which shall be elected one judge, who shall take the place of, and exercise the powers and jurisdiction of county judges in such districts. County courts shall be courts of record, and shall have original jurisdic- tion in all matters of probate; settlement of estates of deceased persons; appointment of guardians and conservators, and settle- ments of their accounts; in all matters relating to apprentices ; and in proceedings for the collection of taxes and assessments, end such other jurisdiction as may be provided for by general aw. 219. Appeals and writs of error shall be allowed from final determination of county courts, as may be provided by law. 5 PROBATE COURTS. @ 29. The general assembly may provide for the establishment of a probate court in each county having a population of over 50,000, and for the election of a judge thereof, whose term of office shall be the same as that of the county judge, and who shall be elected at the same time and in the same manner. Said courts, when established, shall have original jurisdiction of all probate matters, the settlement of estates of deceased persons, the appointment of guardians and conservators, and settlement of their accounts; in all matters relating to apprentices, and in cases of the sales of real estate of deceased persons for the pay- ment of debts. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND CONSTABLES. 221. Justices of the peace, police magistrates, and constables shall be elected in and for such districts as are, or may be, pro- vided by law, and the jurisdiction of such justices of the peace and police magistrates shall be uniform. STATE’S ATTORNEYS. 222. At the election for members of the general assembly in the year of our Lord 1872, and every four years thereafter, there shall be elected a State’s attorney in and for each county, in lieu of the State’s attorney now provided by law, whose term of office shall be four years. COURTS OF COOK COUNTY. ¢ 23. The county of Cook shall be one judicial circuit. The circuit court of Cook county shall consist of five judges, until their number shall be increased, as herein provided. The present judge of the recorder’s court of the city of Chicago, and the pres- ent judge of the circuit court of Cook county, shall be two of said judges, and shall remain in office for the terms for which they were respectively elected, and until their successors shall be elected amd qualified. The superior court of Chicago shall be continued, and called the superior court of Cook county. The general assembly may increase the number of said judges by ad- ding one to either of said courts for every additional 50,000 in- habitants in said county, over and above a population of 400,000. The terms of office of tne judges of said courts hereafter elected, shall be six years, . ¢ 24. The judge having the shortest unexpired term shall be chief justice of the court of which he is judge. In case there are two or more whose terms expire at the same time, it may be determined by lot which shall be chief justice. Any judge of either of said courts shall have all the powers of a circuit judge, and may hold the court of which he isa member. Each of them may hold a different branch thereof at the same time. 225. The judges of the superior and circuit courts, and the State’s attorney, in said county, shall receive the same salaries payable out of the State treasury, as is or may be paid from sai treasury to the circuit judges and State’s attorneys of the State, and such further compensation, to be paid by the county of Cook, as is or may be provided by law; such compensation shall not be changed during their continuance in office. 226. The recorder’s court of the city of Chicago shall be con- tinued, and shall be called the “criminal court of Cook county.” It sha'l have the jurisdiction of a circuit court, in all cases of criminal and quasi criminal nature, arising in the county of Cook, or that may be brought before said court pursuant to law; and all recognizancesand appeals taken insaid county, in criminal and uasi criminal cases shall be returnable and taken to said court. tt shall have no jurisdiction in civil cases, except in those on behalf of the people, and incident to such criminal or quasi crim- inal matters, and to dispose of unfinished business. The terms of said criminal court of Cook county shall be held by one or more of the judges of the circuit or superior court of Cook county, as nearly as may be in alternation, as may be determined by said judges, or provided by law. Said judges shall be ex- officio judges of said court. 327. The present clerk of the recorder’s court of the city of Chicago, shall be the clerk of the criminal court of Cook county, during the term for which he was elected. The present clerks of the superior court of Chicago, and the present clerk of the circuit court of Cook county, shall continue in office during the terms for which they were respectively elected; and thereafter there shall be but one clerk of the superior court, to be elected by the qualified electors of said county, who shall hold his office for the term of four years, and until his successor is elected and qualified. 228. All justices of the peace in the city of Chicago shall be ee by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, (but only upon the recommendation of a majority of the judges of the circuit, superior and county courts,) and for such districts as are now or shall hereafter be provided by law. They shall hold their offices for four years, and until their suc- cesssors have been commissioned and qualified, but they may be removed by summary proceedings in the circuit or superior court, for extortion or other malfeasance. Existing justices of the peace and police magistrates may hold their offices until the expiration of their respective terms. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 229, All judicial officers shall be commissioned by the gover- nor. All laws relating to courts shall be general, and of uniform operation ; and the organization, jurisdiction, power, proceedings and practice of all courts, of the same class or grade, so far as regulated by law, and the force and effect of the process, judg- ments and decrees of such courts, severally shall be uniform, 230. The general assembly may, for cause entered on the journals, upon due notice and opportunity of defense, remove trom office any judge, upon concurrence of three-fourths of all the members elected, of each house. All other officers in this article mentioned, shall be removed from office on prosecution and final conviction, for misdemeanor in office. 281. All judges of courts of record, inferior to the supreme court, shall, on or before the first day of June, of each year, re- port in writing to the judges of the supreme court, such defects and omissions in the laws as their experience may suggest; and the judges of the supreme court shall, on or before the first day of January of each year, report in writing to the governor such defects and omissions in the constitution and laws as they may find to exist, together with appropriate forms of bills to cure such defects and omissions in the laws. And the judges of the several circuit courts shall report to the next general assembly the num- ber of days they have held court in the several counties compos- ing their respective circuits, the preceding two years. @ 32. All officers provided for in this article shall hold their offices until their successors shall be qualified, and they shall, re- spectively, reside in the division, circuit, county or district for which they may be elected or appointed. The terms of office of all such officers, where not otherwise prescribed in this article, shall be four years. All officers, where not otherwise provided for in this article, shall perform such duties and receive such compensation as is or may be provided by law. Vacancies in such elective offices shall be filled by election; but where the unexpired term does not exceed one year, the vacancy shall be filled by appointment, as follows: Of judges, by the governor; of clerks of courts, by the court to which the office appertains, or by the judge or judges thereof; and of all such other officers, by the board of supervisors or board of county commissioners in the county where the vacancy occurs. 233. All process shall run: Jn the name of the People of the State of Illinois: and all prosecutions shall be carried on: Jn the name and by the authority of the People of the State of Illinois; and conclude: Against the peace and dignity of the same. “ Pop- ulation,” wherever used in this article, shall be determined by the next preceding census of this State or of the United States. ARTICLE VII. SUFFRAGE. 1. Who are entitled to Vote. 5. Soldier not deemed a Resident. 2. All Voting to be by Ballot. 3. Privileges of Electors. 4, Absence on Public Business, 6. Qualifications for Office. 7. Persons Convicted of Crime, ¢ 1. Every person having resided in this State one year, in the HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 367 county 90 days, and in the election district 80 days next preced- ing any election therein, who was an elector in this State on the first day of April,in the year of our Lord 1848, or obtained a certificate of naturalization before any court of record in this tate prior to the first day of January, in the year of our Lord 1870, or who shall be a male citizen of the United States, above the age of 21 years, shall be entitled to vote at such election. @ 2. All votes shall be by ballot. ¢ 3. Electors shall, in all cases except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at elections, and in going to and returning from the same. And no elector shall be obliged to do military duty on the days of election, except in time of war or public danger. $4. No elector shall be deemed to have lost his residence in this State by reason of his absence on business of the United States, or of this State, or in the military or naval services of the United States. 25. No soldier, seaman or marine in the army or navy of the United States shall be deemed a resident of this State in conse- quence of being stationed therein. 46. No person shall be elected or appointed to any office in this State, civil or military, who is not a citizen of the United States, and who shall not have resided in this State one year next preceding the election or appointment. @7. The general assembly shall pass laws excluding from the right of suffrage persons convicted of infamous crimes. ARTICLE VIII. : EDUCATION. 2. Gifts or Grants in aid_ of Schools. 1. Free Schools Established. 3. Public Schools not to be Sectarian. j 4. School Officers not Interested. & County Superintendent of Schools. 21. The general assembly shall provide a thorough and effi- cicnt system of free schools, whereby all the children of this State may receive a good common school education. #2. All lands, moneys or other properties, donated, granted or reccived for school, college, seminary or university purposes, and the proceeds thereof, shall be faithfully applied to the objects for which such gifts or grants were made. #3. Neither the general assembly nor any county, city, town, township, school district, or other public corporation, shall evcr make any appropriation or pay from any public fund whatever, anything in aid of any church of sectarian purpose, or to help support or sustain any school, academy, seminary, college, uni- versity, or other literary or scientific institution, controlled by any church or sectarian demomination whatever; nor shall any grant or donation of land, money, or other personal property ever be made by the State or any such public corporation, to any church, or for any sectarian purpose. 44. No teacher, State, county, township, or district school offi- cer shall be interested in the sale, proceeds or profits of any book, apparatus or furniture, used or to be used, in any school in this State, with which such officer or teacher may be connected, under such penalties 2s may be provided by the general assembly. 25. There may be a county superintendent of schools in each county, whose qualifications, powers, duties, compensation and time ‘and manner of election, and term of office, shall be pre- scribed by law. ARTICLE IX. REVENUE. . Principles of Taxation Stated. 8. Limitation on County Taxes. . Other and further Taxation. 9. Local Municipal Improvements . Property Exempt from Taxation. 10. Taxation of Municipal Corpora- . Sale of Real Property for ‘laxes. - tions, oe Right of Redemption therefrom.| #11. Defaulter not to be Eligible. Heleave from Taxation Forbidden.| @ 12. Limitation on Municipal Indebt- . Taxes paid into State Treasury. edness. 21. The general assembly shall provide such revenue as may be needful by levying a tax, by valuation, so that every person and corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to the value of his, her or its property—such value to be ascertained by some person or persons, to be elected or appointed in such manner as the general assembly shall direct, and not otherwise; but the general assem- bly shall have power to tax peddlers, auctioneers, brokers, hawk- ers, merchants, commission merchants, showmen, jugglers, inn- keeper:, grocery keepers liquor dealers, toll bridges, ferries, insur- ance, telezraph and express interests or business, venders of pat- ents, and persons or corporations owning or using franchises and privileges, in such manner as it shall from timeto time direct by general law, uniform as to the class upon which it operates. NOOR er 2 2. The specifications of the objects and subjects of taxation shall not deprive the general assembly of the power to require other subjects or objects to be taxed in such a manner as mzy be nee with the principles of taxation fixed in this constitu- ion. ¢ 3. The properties of this State, counties and other municipal corporations, both real and personal, and such other property as may be used exclusively for agricultural and horticultural socie- ties, for school, religious, cemetery and charitable purposes, may be exempted from taxation; but such exemption shall be only by generallaw. In the assessment of real estate encumbered by public easement, any depreciation occasioned by such easement may be deducted in the valuation of such property. ¢4, The general assembly shall provide, in all cases where it may be necessary to sell real estate for the non-payment of taxes or special assessments for State, county, municipal or other pur- poses, that a return of such unpaid taxes or assessments shall be to some general officer of the county having authority to receive State and county taxes; and there shall be no sale of said prop- erty for any of said taxes or assessments but by said officer, upon the order or judgment of some court of record. 25. The right of redemption from ull sales of real estate for the non-payment of taxes or special assessments of any character whatever, shall exist in favor of owners and persons interested in such real estate, for a period of not less than two years from such sales thereof. And the general assembly shall provide by law for reasonable notice to be given to the owners or parties in- terested, by publication or otherwise, of the fact of the sale of the property for such taxes or assessments, and when the time of redemption shall expire: Provided, that occupants shall in all cases be served with personal notice before the time of redemption expires. 26. The general assembly shall have no power to release or discharge any county, city, township, town or district whatever, or the inhabitants thereof or the pronerty therein, from their or its proportionate share of taxes to be levied for State purposes, nor shall commutation for such taxes be authorized in any form whatever. 27. All taxes levied for State purposes shall be paid into the State treasury. 28. County authorities shall never assess taxes the aggregate of which shall exceed 75 cents per $100 valuation, except for the payment of indebtedness existing at the adoption of this constitu- tion, unless authorized by a vote of the people of the county. 29. The general assembly may vest the corporate authoritics of cities, towns, villages, with power to make local improvements by special assessment or by special taxation of contiguous prop- erty or otherwise. For all other corporate purposes, all munici- al corporations may be vested with authority to assess and col- ect taxes; but such taxes shall be uniform in respect to persons and property, with the jurisdiction of the body imposing the same, 210. The gencral assembly shall not impose taxes upon muni- cipal corporations, or the inhabitants or property thereof, for cor- porate purposes, but shall require that all the taxable property within the limits of municipal corporations shall be taxed for the payment of debts contracted under authority of law, such taxes to be uniformin respect to persons and property, within the jurisdiction of the body imposing the same. Private property shall not be liable to be taken or sold for the payment of the cor- porate debts of a municipal corporation. 211. No person who is in default, as a collector or custodian of money or property belonging to a municipal corporation, shall be eligible to any office in or under such corporation, The fees, salary or compensation of no municipal officer who is elected or appointed for a definite term of office, shall be increased or di- minished during such term. Bea he 212. No county, city, township, school district, or other muni- cipal corporation, shall be allowed to become indebted in any manner or for any purpose, to an amount, including existing in- debtedness, in the aggregate exceeding five per centum on the value of the taxable property therein, to be ascertained by the last assessment for State and county taxes, previous to the incur- ring of such indebtedness. Any county, city, school district, or other municipal corporation, incurring any indebtedness, as afore- said, shall before, or at the time of doing so, provide for the col- lection of a direct annual tax sufficient to pay the interest on such debt as it falls due, and also to pay and discharge the prin- cipal thereof within twenty years from the time of contracting the same. This section shall not be construed to prevent any county, city, township, school district, or other municipal corporation 8 368 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. from issuing their bonds in compliance with any vote of the people which may have been had prior to the adoption of this constitution in pursuance of any law providing therefor. ARTICLE X. COUNTIES. 1. Formation of New Counties. 2 8. County Officers—Terms of Office. 2. Division uf any County. 9. Salaries and Fees in Cook County. 8 3. Territory stricken from a County.! ¢ 10. Salaries fixed by County Board. 4, Remov al of a County Seat, * +) ¢@11. Township Officers--Special Laws. 5. Method of County Government. lz. All Future Fees Uniform. 6. Board of County Commiussioners,| ¢ 13. Sworn Reports of all Fees. j 7. County affairs in Cook County. 21. No new county shall be formed or established by the gen- eral assembly, which will reduce the county or counties, or cither of them, from which it shall be taken, to less contents than 400 ‘ square miles; nor shall any county be formed of less contents; nor shall any line thereof pass within less than ten miles of any county seat of the county, or counties proposed to be divided. #2. No county shall be divided, or have any part stricken therefrom, without submitting the question to a vote of the peo- ple of the county, nor unless a majority of all the legal voters of the county, voting on the question, shall vote for the same. @3. There shall be no territory stricken from any county, unless a majority of the voters living in such territory shall peti- tion for such division ; and no territory shall be added to any” county without the consent of the majority of the voters of the county to which it is proposed to be added. But the portion so stricken off and added to another county, or formed in whole or in part into a new county, shall be holden for, and obliged to pay its proportion of indebtedness of the county from which it has been taken. COUNTY SEATS. #4. No county seat shall be removed until the point to which it is proposed to be removed shall be fixed in pursuance of law, and three-fifths of the voters of the county, to be ascertained in such manner as shall be provided by general law, shall have voted in favor of its removal to such point; and no person shall vote on such question who has not resided in the county six months, and in the election precinct ninety days next preceding such election. The question of removal of a county seat shall not be oftener submitted than once in ten years, to a vote of the people. But when an attempt is made to remove the county seat to a point nearer to the centre of a county, then a majority vote only shall be necessary. COUNTY GOVERNMENT. 25. The general assembly shall provide, by general law, for township organization, under which any county may organize whenever a majority of the legal voters of such county, voting at any general clection, shall so determine, and whenever any county shall adopt township organization, so much of this constitution as provides for the management of the fiscal concerns of the said county by the board of county commissioners, may be dispensed with, and the affairs of said county may be transacted in such manncr ¢s the general assembly may provide. Andin any county that shall have adopted a township organization, the question of continuing the same may be submitted to a vote of the electors of such county, at a gencral election, in the manner that now is or may be provided by law; and if a majority of all the votes cast upon that question shall be against township organization, then such organization shall ccase in said county; and all Jaws in force in relation to counties not having township organizations, shall immediately take effect and bein force in such county. No two townships shall have the same name, and the day of holding ee annual township meeting shall be uniform throughout the tate. 4 . $6. Atthe first election of county judges under this constitu- tion, three shall be clected in each ne the counties in this State, not undcr township organization, three officers, who shall be styled “ The met of County Commissioners,” who shall hold sessions for the transaction of county business as shall be provided by law. One of said commissioners shall hold his office for one year, one for two years, and one for three years, to be determined by lot; and every year thereafter one such officer shall be elected in each of said counties for the term of three years. @7 The county affairs of Cook county shall be managed by a board of commissioners of fifteen persons, ten of whom shall be elected from the city of Chicago, and five from towns outside of said city. in such manner as may be provided bv law. COUNTY OFFICERS AND THEIR COMPENSATIONS. 28. In each county there shall be elected the following county officers: County judge, sheriff, county clerk, clerk of the cir- cuit court, (who may be ex-officio recorder of deeds, except in counties having 60,000 and more inhabitants, in which counties a recorder of deeds shall be elected at the general election in the year of our Lord 1872,) treasurer, surveyor, and coroner, each of whom shall enter upon the duties of his office, respectively, on the first Monday of December after their election; and they shall hold their respective offices for the term of four years, ex- cept the treasurer, sheriff and coroner, who shall hold their office for two years, and until their successors shall be elected and qual- ified. @ 9. The clerks of all the courts of record, the treasurer, sheriff, coroner and recorder of deeds of Cook county, shall receive as their only compensation for their services, salaries to be fixed by law, which shall in no case be as much as the lawful compensation of a judge of the circuit court of said county, and shall be paid respectively, only out of the fees of the office actually collected. All fees, perquisites and emoluments (above the amount of said silaries) shall be paid into the county treasury. The number of the deputies and assistants of such officers shall be determined by rule of the circuit court, to be entered of record and their compensation shall be determined by the county board. 210. The county board, except as provided in 2 9 of this arti- cle, shall fix the compensation of all county officers, with the amount of their necessary clerk hire, stationery, fuel and other expenses, and in all cases where fees are provided for, said com- pensation shall be paid only out of, and shall in no instance ex- ceed, the fees actually collected; they shall not allow either of them more per annum than $1,500, in counties not exceeding 20,000 inhabitants; $2,000 in counties containing 20,000 and not exceeding 39,000 inhabitants ; $2,500 in counties containing 30,- 000 and not exceeding 50,009 inhabitants; $3,000 in counties containing 50,000 and not exceeding 70,000 inhabitants; £3,500 in counties containing 70,000 and not exceeding 100,000 inhabi- tants; and $4,000 in counties containing over 100,000 and not excéeding 250,000 inhabitants; and not more than $1,000 addi- tional compensation for each additional 100,000 inhabitants: Provided, that the compensation of no officer shall be increased or diminished during his term of office. All fecs or allowances by them received, in excess of their said compensation, shall be paid into the county treasury. @11. The fees of township officers, and of each class of county officers, shall be uniform in the class of counties to which they respectively belong. Thecompensation herein provided forshall apply only to officers hereafter elected, but all fees established by special laws shall cease at the adoption of this constitution, and such officers shall receive only such fees as are provided by gen- eral law. @12. All laws fixing the fees of State, county and township officers, shall terminate with the terms, respectively, of those who may be in office at the meeting of the first general assembly after the adoption of this constitution ; and the general assembly shall by general Jaw, uniform in its operation, provide for and regulate the fees of said officers and their successors, so as to re- duce the same to a reasonable compensation for services actually rendered. But the gencral assembly may, by general law, classify the counties by population into not more than three classes, and regulate the fees according to class. Th‘s article shall not be construed as depriving the general assembly of the power to re- duce the fees of existing ofliccrs. 218. Every person who is elected or appointed to any office in this State, who shall be paid in whole or in part by fees, shall be required by law to make a semi-annual report, under oath to some officer to be designated by law, of all his fees and emolu- ments. ARTICLE XI. CORPORATIONS, 1 Established only by General Laws.) ? 9. Railroad Office,Books and Records . Existing Chartors—low Forfcitced.| ¢ 10. Personal Property of Railroads. 2 3. Election of Directors or Managers.| ¢ 11. Consolidations Forbidden. . Construction of Street Railroads.| $12. Railroads deemed Highways— \s oe Banks Forbidden—General Rates Fixed. Law. 13, Stocks, Bonds and Dividends. » Liability of Bank Stockholder. i Power’ svar existing Companies. - Suspension of Specic Payment. | 15, Freight and Passenger Tari! rogu- . Of a General Banlsing Law. lated. OID APwWr 21. No corporation shall be created by special laws, or its char- 41 tar avtendad shanead aw amandana fee ce wa aAwans + Laas HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. educational, penal or reformatory purposes, which are to be and remain under tie patronage and control of the State, but the gencral assembly shall provide, by gencral law, for the organiza- tions of all corporations hereafter created. ¢2. All existing charters or grants of special or exclusive privileges, under which organization shall not have taken place, or which shall not have been in operation within ten days from the time this constitution takes eifect, shall thereafter have no validity or effect whatever. 23. The general assembly shall provide, by law, that in all elections for directors or managers of corporated companies, every stockholder shall have the right to vote, in person orby proxy, for the number of shares of stock owned by him, for as many persons as there.are directors or managers to be elected, or to cumulate said shares, and give one candidate as many votes as the number of directors multiplied by the number of his shares of stock, shall equal, or to distribute them on the same principle among as many candidates as he shall think fit; and no such directors or managers shall be elected in any other manner. 34. No laws shall be passed by the general assembly, granting the right to construct and operate a street railroad within any city, town, or incorporated village, without requiring the consent of the local authorities having the control of the street or high- way proposed to be occupied by such street railroad, BANKS, 25. No State bank shall hereafter be created, nor shall the State own or be liable for any stock in any corporation or joint stock company or association for banking purposes, now created, or to be hereafter created, Noact of the general assembly au- thorizing or creating corporations or associations, with banking powers, whether of issue, deposit or discount, nor amendments thereto, shall go into effect or in any manner be in force unless the same shall be submitted toa vote of the people at the general election next succeeding the passage of the same, and be ap- proved by a majority of all the votes cast at such election for or against such law. 86. Every stockholder in a banking corporation or institution shall be individually responsible and liable to its creditors over and above the amount of stock by him or her held, to an amount equal to his or her respective shares so held, for all its liabilities accruing while he or she remains such astockholder. 37. The suspension of specie payments by bankin; institu- tions, or their circulation, created by the laws of this State, shall never be permitted or sanctioned. Every banking association now, or which may hereafter be, organized under the laws of this State, shall make and publish a full and accurate quar- terly statement of its affairs, (which shall be certified to, under oath, by one or more of its officers,) as may be provided by law. 28. If a general banking law shall be enacted, it shall provide for the ree and countersigning, by an officer of state, of all bills or paper credit, designed to circulate as money, and require security, to the full amount thereof, to be deposited with the State treasurer, in United States or Illinois State stocks, to be rated at ten per cent. below their par value; and in case of a deprecia- tion of said stocks to the amount of ten per cent. below par, the bank or banks owning said stocks shall be required to make up said deficiency, by depositing additional stocks. And said law shall also provide for the recording of the names of all stock- holders in such corporations, the amount of stock held by each, the time of any transfer thereof, and to whom such transfer is made. RAILROADS. 29. Every railroad corporation organized or doing business in this State, under the laws or authority thereof, shall have and main- tain a public office or place in this State, for the transaction of its business, where transfers of stock shall be made, and in which shall be kept for public inspection, books, in which shall! be re- corded the amount of capital stock subscribed, and by whom ; the names of the owners of stock and amount by them respectively, the amount of stock paid in and by wnom, the transfers of said stock; the amount of its assets and liabilities, and the names and place of residence of its officers. The directors of every railroad corporation shall, annually, make a report, under oath, to the auditor of public accounts, or some officer to be designate by law, of all their acts and doings, which report shall include such matters relating to railroads as may be prescribed by law. And the general coy fal pass laws enforcing by suitable nalties the provisions of this section. tS 10. The piling stock, and all other movable property belong- 369 ing to any railroad company or corporation in this State, shall be considered personal property, and shall be liable to execution and sale in the same manner as the personal property of individ- uals, and the general assembly shall pass no law exempting any such peopel from execution and sale, @11. No railroad corporation shall consolidate its stock, pro- perty or franchises with any other railroad corporation owning a parallel or competing line; and in no case shall any consolida- tion take rae except upon public notice given, of at least sixty days, to all stockholders, in such manner as may be provided by law. A majority of the directors of any railroad corporation, now incorporated or hereafter to be incorporated by the laws of the State, shall be citizens and residents of this State. ¢12. Railways heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter be constructed in this State, are hereby declared public high- ways, and shall be free to all persons for the transportation of their persons and property thereon, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. And the general assembly shall, from time to time, pass laws establishing reasonable maximum rates of charges for the transportation of passengers and freight on the different railroads in this State. #18. No railroad corporation shall issue any stock or bonds, except for money, labor or property actually received, and ap- plied to the purposes for which such corporation was created ; and all stock dividends, and other fictitious increase of the capi- tal stock or indebtedness of any such corporation, shall be void. The capital stock of no railroad corporation shall be increased for any purpose, except upon giving sixty days’ public notice, in such manner as may be provided by law. $14. The exercise of the power, and the right of eminent do- main shall never beso construed or abridged as to prevent the tak- ing, by the general assembly, of the property and franchises of incorporated companies already organized, and subjecting them to the public necessity the same as of individuals. The right of trial by jury shall be held inviolate in all trials of claims for compensation, when, in the exercise of said right of eminent do- main, any incorporated company shall be interested either for or against the exercise of said right. 215. The general assembly shall pass laws to correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates of freight and passenger tariffs on different railroads in this State, and enforce such laws, by adequate penalties, to the extent, if necessary for that purpose, of forfeiture of their property and franchises. ARTICLE XII. MILITIA, 2 1. Persons composing the Military. 4, Privilege from Arrest. 2. Organization—E quip ment—Dis-|¢ 5. Records, Banners and Relics. cipline. ¢ 6. Exemption from militia duty. 2 3. Commissions of Officers. 21, The militia of the State of Illinois shall consist of all able- bodied male persons, resident in the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, except such persons as now are, or here- after may be, exempted by the laws of the United States, or of this State. 32. The general assembly, in providing for the organization, equipment and discipline of the militia, shall conform as nearly ag practicable to the regulations for the government of the armies of the United States. a 23. All militia officers shall be commissioned by the gover- nor, and may hold their commissions for such time as the general assembly may provide. 24. The militia shall, in all cases, except treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their at- tendance at musters and elections, and in going to and returning from the same. 25. The military records, banners and relics of the State, shall be preserved as an enduring memorial of the patriotism and valor of Illinois, andit shall be the duty of the general assembly to provide by law for the safe keeping of the same. . 26. No person having conscientious scruples against bearing arms, shall be compelled to do militia duty in time of peace: Provided, such person shall pay an equivilent for such exemp- tion. ARTICLE XIII. WAREHOUSES. 1. What deemed Public Warehouses. |? 5. Delivery of Grain by Railroads, 2 Sworn weekly statements required | ¢ 6. Powerand Duty of the Legislature, 3. Examination of property stored. }|@ 7. Grain Inspection—Protection of 4, Carriers to deliver full Weight. Dealers. 370 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 21. All elevators or storehouses where grain or other property is stored for a compensation, whether the property stored be kept separate or not, are declared to be public warehouses. ¢2. The owner, lessee or manager of each and every public warchouse situated in any town or city of not less than 100,000 inhabitants, shall make weekly statements under oath, before some officer to be designated by law, and keep the same posted in some conspicuous placein the office of such warehouse, and shall also file a copy for public examination in such place as shall be designated by law, which statement shall correctly set forth the amount and grade of each and every kind of grain in such warehouse, together with such other property as may be stored therein, and what warehouse receipts have been issued, and are, at the time of making such statement, outstanding there- for; and shall, on the copy posted in the warehouse, note daily such changes as may be made in the quantity and grade of grain in such warehouse; and the different grades of grain shippcd in separate lots, shall not be mixed with inferior or superior grades, without the consent of the owner or consignee thereof. @3. The owners of property stored in any warehouse, or holder of areceipt for the same, shall always be at liberty to examine such property stored, and all the books and records of the ware- house in regard to such property. @4. All railroad companies and other common carriers on rail- roads shall weigh or measure grain at points where it is shipped, and receipt for the full amount, and shall be responsible for the delivery of such amount to the owner or consignee thereof, at the place of destination. : 25. All railroad companies receiving and transporting grain in bulk or otherwise, shall dcliver the same to any consignee thereof, or any elevator or public warehouse to which it may be consigned, provided such consignee, or the elevator or public warehouse can be reached by any track owned, leased or used, er which can be used, by such railroad companies; and all rail- road companies shall permit connections to be made with their track, so that any such consignee, and any public warehouse, coal bank or coal yard, may be reached by the cars on said rail- road. @6. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass all necessary laws to prevent the issue of false and fraudulent warehouse receipts, and to give full effect to this article of the constitution, which shall be liberally construed so as_ to protect producers and shippers. And the enumeration of the remedies herein named shall not be construed to deny to the general as- sembly the power to prescribe by law such other and further remedies as may be found expedient, or to deprive any person of existing common law remedies. #7. The general assembly shall pass laws for the inspection of grain, for the protection of producers, shippers and receivers of grain and produce. ARTICLE XIV. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. @ 1. By a Constitutional Convention. | % 2. Proposed by the Legislature. 21. Whenever two-thirds of the members of each house of the general assembly shall, by a vote entered upon the journals thereof, concur that a convention is necessary to revisc, alter or amend the constitution, the question shall be submitted to the electors at the next genefal election. If a majority voting at the election vote for a convention, the general assembly shell at the next session, provide for a convention, to consist of double the number of the members of the senate, to be clected in the same manner, at the same places, and in the same districts. The general assembly shall, in the act calling the convention, desig- nate the day, hour and place of its meeting, fix the pay of its members and officers, and provide for the payment of the same, together with expenses neccessarily incurred by the conventicn in the performance of its duties. Before proceeding, the members shall take an oath to support the constitution of the United States, and of the State of Illinois, and to faithfully discharge their duties as members of the convention. The qualification of members shall be the same as that of members of the senate, and vacancies occurring shall be filled in the manner provided for filling vacancies in the general assembly. Said convention shall meet within three months after such election, and prepare such revisions, alterations or amendments of the constitution as shall be deemed necessary, which shall be submitted to the elec- tors for their ratification or rejection, at an election appointed by the-convention for that purpose, not less than or more than six months after the adjournment thereof; and unless so submitted and approved by a majority of the electors voting at the election, no such revisions, alterations or amendmenis shall take effect. 22. Amendments to this constitution may be proposed in either house of the general assembly, and if the same shall be voted for by two-thirds of all the members elected to each of the two houses, such proposed amendments, together with the yeas and nays of each house thereon, shall be entered in full on their re- spective journa!s, and said amendments shall be submitted to the clectors of this State for adoption or rejection, ut the next elec- tion of members of the general assembly, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. The proposed amendments shall be pub- lished in full at least three months preceding the election, and if a majority of electors voting at said election shall vote for the proposed amendments, they shall become partof this constitu- tion. But the general assembly shall have no power to propose amendments to more than one article of this constitution at the same session, nor to the same article oftener than once in four years, SEPARATE SECTIONS. Illinois Central Railroad. | unicipal Subseription to Corporar Illinois and Michigan Canal. tions. No contract, obligation or liability whatever, of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, to pay any money into the State treasury, nor any lien of the State upon, or right to tax property of said company, in accordance with the provisions of the charter of said company, approved Teb. 10,in the year of our Lord 1851, shall ever be released, suspended, modified, altered, remitted, or in any manner diminished or impaired by legislative or other authority ; and all moneys derived from said company, after the payment of the State debt, shall be appropriated and set apart for the payment of the ordinary expenses of the State govern- ment, and for no other purposes whatever. MUNICIPAL SUBSCRIPTIONS TO RAILROADS OR PRIVATECORPORA~ TIONS. No county, city, town, township or other municipality shall ever become subscriber to the capital stock of any railroad or private corporation, or make donation to, or loan its credit in aid of such corporation: Provided however, that the adoption of this article shal not be construed as affecting the right of any such munici- pality to make such subscriptions wnere the same have been au- thorized, under existing Jaws, by a vote of the people of such municipalities prior to such adoption. CANAL. The Illinois and Michigan Canal shall never be sold or leased until the specific proposition for the sale of lease thereof shall have first been submitted to a vote of the people of the State, at a general election, and have been approved by a majority of all he votes polled at such election, The general assembly shall never loan the credit of the State, or make appropriations from the treasury thereof, in aid of railroads orcanals: Provided, that any surplus earnings of any canal may be appropriated for its enlargement or extension. SCHEDULE. 2 1. Laws in force remain valid. ¢ 2. Fines, Penalties, and FPorfeitures. ¢ 3. Recognizances, Bonds, Obligations 2 4. Present county Courts continued’ 2 5. All existing Courts continned. 6. Persons nowin Office continued. That no inconvenicnee may arise from the alterations and amendments made jn the constitution of this State and to carry the same into complete effect, it is hereby ordained and declared: #1. That all laws in force at the adoption of this constitution, not inconsistent therewith, and all rights, actions, prosecutions, claims, and contracts of this State, individuals or bodies corpor- ate, shall continue to be as valid as if this constitution had not been adopted. @2. That all fines, taxes, penalties and forfeitures, due and owing to the State of Illinois under the present constitution and laws, shall inure to the use of the people of the State of Illinois under this constitution. 23. Recognizances, bonds, obligations, and all other instruments entered into or executed before the adoption of this constitution, to the people of the State of Illinois, to any State or county officer or public body, shall remain binding and valid; and rights and liabilities upon the same shall continue, and all crimes and mis- demeanors shall be tried and punished as though no change had been made in the constitution of this State. #4. County courts for the transaction of county business in counties not having adopted township organization, shall continue in existence and exercise their present jurisdiction until the HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOS. 871 board of county commissioners provided in this constitution is organized in pursuance of an act of the general assembly; and the county courts in all other counties shall have the same power and jurisdiction they now possess until otherwise provided by general law. @5. All existing courts which are notin this constitution specially enumerated, shall continue in existence and exercise their present jurisdiction until otherwise provided by law. _ $6. All persons now filling any office or appointment shall continue in the exercise of the duties thereof according to their respective commissions or appointments, unless by this constitu- tion it is otherwise directed. * * * * * * * * * * * 218, All laws of the State of Ilinois, and all official writings, anc the executive, legislative and judicial proceedings, shall le conducted, preserved and published in no other than the English language. : @19. The general assembly shall pass all laws necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this constitution. 3 20. The circuit clerks of the different counties having a pop- ulation over sixty thousand, shall continue to be recorders (ex- officio) for their respective counties, under this constitution, until the expiration of their respective terms. 921. The judges of all courts of records in Cook County shall, in lieu of any salary provided for in this constitution, receive the compensation now provided by law until the adjournment of the first session of general assembly after the adoption of this con- svitution. , ¢22. The present judge of the circuit court of Cook county shall continue to hold the circuit court of Lake county until otherwise provided by law. $23. When this constitution shall be adopted, and take effect: as the supreme law of the State of Illinois, the two-mill tax pro- vided to be annually assessed and collected upon each dollar’s worth of taxable property, in addition to all other taxes, as set forth in article fifteen of the now existing constitution, shall cease to be assessed after the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy. ; #24. Nothing contained in this constitmtion shall be so con- strued as to deprive the general assembly ot the power to author- ize the city of Quincy to create any indebtedness for railroad or municipal purposes, for which the people of said city shall have voted, and to which they shall have given, by such vote, their assent, prior to the thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine: Provided, that no such indebtedness, so created, shall in any part thereof be paid by the State, or from any State revenue, tax or fund, but the same shall be paid, if at all, by the said city of Quincy alone, and by taxes to be levied upon the taxable property thereof: And provided, further, that the general assembly shall have no power in the premises that it could not exercise under the pre- sent constitution of this State. 425. In case this constitution and the articles and sections submitted separately be adopted, the existing constitution shall cease in all its provisions ; and in case this constitution be adopted, any one or more of its articles or sections submitted separately be defeated, the provisions of the existing constitution (if any) on the same subject shall remain in force. : @ 26. The provisions of this constitution required to be exe- cuted prior to the adoption or rejection thereof shall take effect and be in force immediately. . Done in convention at the capital, in the city of Springfield, on the thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thou- sand eight hundred and seventy, and of the independence of the United States of America the ninety-fourth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed cur names CHARLES HITCHCOCK, President. Robert A. King, Jas. McCoy, Charles E. McDowell, William C. Goodue, Joseph Medill, Clifton H. Moore, William J. Allen, John Abbott, James C. Allen, Elliott Anthony, Wm. R. Archer, Henry I. Atkins, James G. Bayne, R. M. Benjamin, IL. P. H. Brownwell, QO. H. Browning, Wn. G. Bowman, Silas L. Rryon, H. P. Buxton, Daniel Cameron, William Cary, Lawrence 8. Church, Hiram H. Cody, W. F. Coolbaugh, Alfred M. Craig, Robert J. Cross, Samuel P. Cummings, John Dement, G. 8, Eldridge, James W. English. David Ellis, Ferris Foreman, Jesse C. Fox, Miles A. Fuller, John P. Gamble, Addison Goodell, John C. Haines, Elijah M. Haines, John W. Hankins, R. P. Hanna, Joseph Hart, ‘Abel Harwood, Milton Hay, Samuel Snowden Hayes, Jesse 8. Hildrup, Jonathan Merriam, Joseph Parker, Samuel C. Parks, Peleg S. Perley, J.5. Poage, Edward Y. Rice, James P. Robinson, Lewis W. Ross, William P. Pierce, N. J. Pillsbury, Jno. Scholfield, James M. Sharp, Henry Sherrell, W. H. Snyder, O. C. Skinner, Westel W. Sedgwick, Charles F. Springer, John L. Tincher, C. Truesdale, Henry Tubbs, Thomas J. Turner, Wn. H. Underwooil, Wm. L. Vandeventer, Henry W. Wells, George E. Wait, George W. Wall, R. B. Sutherland, D. C. Wagner, George R. Wendling, Chas. Wheaton L. D. Whiting, John H. Wilson, Orlando H. Wright. ATTEST :—John Q. Harmon, Secretary. Daniel Shepard, First Assistant Secretary. A. H. Swain, Second Assistant Secretary. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, STATE OF ILLINOIS. ss. Office of Secretary. I Georcr H. Hartow, Secretary of the State of Illinois, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the constitution of the State of Illinois adopted in convention the 13th day of May, 1870, ratified by a vote of the peo- ple the 2nd day of July, 1870, andin force on the 8th day of August, 1370, and now on file in this office. In testimony whereof I hereto set my hana and affix the Great Seal of State, at the city of Springfield, the 3lst gay of March, A. D. 1873, GEO, H. HARLOW, Secretary of State. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. Amending section 31, article 4. Proposed by the General Assembly, 1877, ratified by a vote of the people November 5, 1878, proclaimed adopted by the Governor November 29, 1878. Section 31, ARTICLE 4. The General Assembly may pass laws permitting the owners of lands to con- struct drains, ditches, and levees for agricultural, sanitary and mining purposes across the lands of others, and peeves for the organization of drainage dis- tricts, and vest the corporate authorities thereof with power to construct and maintain levees, drains and ditches, and to keep in ee all drains, ditches and levees heretofore constructed under the laws of this State, by special as- sessments upon the property benefited thereby. Amending section 8, article 10. eveptses by the General Assembly, 1879, ratified by a vote of the people November 2, 1880, proclaimed adopted by the Governor November 22, 1880: Section 8, ArTIcLE 10. In each county there shall he elected the following county officers, at the general election to be held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, A. D. 1882: A county judge, county clerk, sheriff, and treasurer; and at the election to be held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, A. D. 1884, a coroner and clerk of the circuit court, (who may be ex-officio recorder of deeds, except in counties having 60,000 and more inhabitants, in which coun- ties a recorder of deeds shall be elected at the general election in 1884), Each of said officers shall enter upon the duties of his office, respectively, on the first Monday of December after his election, and they shall hold their respec- tive offices for the term of four years, and until theirsuccessors are elected and qualified: Provided, that no per-on having once been elected to the office of sheriff, or treasurer, shall be eligible to re-election to said office for four years after the expiration of the term for which he shall have been elected. 372 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have con- nected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are cre- ated equal; that they are endowed by their Craator with ecrtain unalienable rights; that among these are lite, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of govern- ment becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institutea new govern- ment, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to ef- fect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will ‘dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing. the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this let facts be submitted to a candid world: He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of iarge districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature; a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together leglislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly for oppos- ing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the peo- le. F He has refused, for a long time after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected; whereby the lcgislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose, obstructing the laws for naturalization of for- eigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditionsof new appropriations of lands, He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the ten- ure of their offices, and the amount and paymentof thcir salaries, He has erected a multitude of new cffices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their sub- stance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislature. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. e has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giv- ing his assent to their acts of pretended legislation. For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us. For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment, for any murders they should commit on the inhabitants of these States. For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world: For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by ury: : For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended of- fences: For abolishing the free system of English law in a neighbor- ing province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies: For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally, the powers of our govern- ments: For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mer- cenaries to complete the work of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun, with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely perileled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the ead of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the exe- cutioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has en- deavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merci- less Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undis- tinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. : In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for re- dress, in the most humble terms; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose charac- ter is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in our attention to our British brethren, We have warned them from time to time, ot attempts made by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspon- dence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace, fricnds, We, therefore the representatives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in GENERAL CONGRESS assembled, appeal- ing to the Supreme Judge of the World fer the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these Jnited Colonies are, and of right ought to be, FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that as FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, con- tract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which INDEPENDENT STATES may of right do. And, for the support of this declaration, and a firm reliance on the protection of DIVINE PROVIDENCE, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. JOHN HANCOCK. 13 HISTORY OF EDWARDS, LAWRENCE AND WABASH COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 373 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. —______o