Eee hg ear AE Tete eh ca rae eae fl Pannen , teeter ek er r8 a Dab ae a Coens oak . NT aches Bec aa SS eta Serra areieid etme cr akg hadi este en oo ea ae oS aus ro ey a Elect peal Pa Me pe faders Sires eel trb Rai an apeege peer eaaies eae ee is FS Fare M nr ar TEBE Priaiapnsh yer pirtet T7 Diamar) eerie ten aes ely al daterren ret acer acsetenys aye Stee io Renta Bs es aera Peer ee ae oe Dee ee aR toe i ead 9. a z Pcie i Poco shee Lge Fives Peorariet atop eee LeaCion eer ee poate PLease ee ie roe eels era State ae Tees lento et ol Perk reer iat Pointy ti riaart HN CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY HISTORY OF BILLKE RICA, MASSACHUSETTS, WITH A GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, BY THE REV. HENRY A. HAZEN, A.M., MEMBER OF THE NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC, GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY. BOSTON : A. WILLIAMS AND CO. » Old Goyney Bookstoye. 1883. Copyright by Henry A. Hazen, 1882. MARDEN & ROWELL, Lowell, Printers. INTRODUCTION. in Historical Memoir of Billerica, published by John Farmer,. in the year 1816, was. perhaps, the earliest history of a Massachusetts town in- dependently printed and published. Itis a pamphlet of 36 pages, printed at Amherst, N. H. Its intrinsic excellence and the subsequent fame of its author have given it celébrity ‘as a rare treasure of local history, and it has recently been reprinted. The need of a fuller. history has been felt, and, as early as 1869, the town appointed the Committee under whose auspices this volume has been prepared. This Committee consisted of Gardner Parker, Esq., Dudley Foster, the Hon. Thomas Talbot, and the Rev. Christopher C. Hussey. For some years this Comunittee failed to secure any arrangement for the prose- cution of the work. In 1877, much to his own surprise, a fifth member was added to this Committee. Had he foreseen some of the consequences, he would have hesitated to accept the honor; but, with a hearty interest in the object proposed, he was not unwilling to aid, if he could, in its furtherance. The steps by which the result has been reached are not of consequence to the public; but the result is that he must accept the responsibility of the volume here offered to the town and the public, and, dropping the third person, will adda few explanatory words. No single volume ein so fully and adequately describe the life ofa town, that there will not remain ample materials for other volumes, which may have equal reason for their being. This is true of Billerica. The rec- ords alone would furnish volumes, which should be printed; and, beyond these sources, are exhaustless stores of memory and tradition, fact and fancy, which would enrich the pages of a recorder who could glean dili- gently and sift judiciously. Not a native, or long a resident, of the town, Ihave done my work at some disadvantage in this direction, and many will seek here for details which they will not find. My aim has been to go back to the beginning, to lift the veil from a past which has been al- most forgotten, and to trace the foundations on which the modern super- structure is reared. ‘Che later history, for the last hundred years, is more accessible and familiar, and I have not intended to traverse it with much detail. The limitations of this volume would not allow similar and ade- quate fulness in both the earlier and later periods, and it has seemed to me iv. INTRODUCTION. due to the fathers, that our first effort be to recover and record the story of their ploughing and seed-sowing, of which our modern life, since 1760, is only the fruit. . I have drawn the materials for these pages chiefly from the records, and from other original and hitherto unpublished sources. With more time to explore and digest the very copious material, I could have satisfied my own ideal much more fully; but the opportunity is wanting, and such as it is, I submit the volume to the use and charitable judgment of that large and increasing number who are interested in our local New England history and genealogy. The separate paging of the Genealogical Register is due to the fact that it was first completed and printed, and the families being arranged alpha- betically, the paging is in that part not important. If the question arises why any family, now resident in town, is not recorded in the Register, the answer is, that the record was not furnished. At two town meetings, and on other occasions, citizens were invited to furnish their family record for this use, and none which were furnished are omitted. For encouragement and aid in the work, thanks are due to friends more numerous than I can mention. Many, not named, are not forgotten, if I refer to a few, whom it were unpardonable to omit. The kindness and co- operation of each member of the Historical Committee have been constant and unstinted, and I record it here most gratefully; while to Mr. Foster and his good wife (whose recent death makes their pleasant home deso- late), I ain specially indebted for the lists of town officers, and for the use- ful alphabetical copy, made by them, of the Baptisms found in the records of the First Church. Mr. Franklin Jaquith copied the inscriptions in the South Burying Ground, and those in the Old Corner Burying Ground were as kindly copied by Mrs. Holt. Mr. Jaquith also prepared with great care the list of soldiers from Billerica in the late war. Dr. C. E. Hosmer ren- dered important aid in preparing the Map of Ancient Billerica. The use of valuable surveys and papers has been generously granted by Mrs. Samuel Sage, Mr. Leander Crosby, Mr. Merton Simonds, of Bedford, Peter E. Vose, Esq., of Dennysville, Me., and the Rev. Henry M. Dexter, D. D., of New Bedford. Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Cutler, of Bedford, have most kindly given me every opportunity to use the invaluable Lane Papers in their pos- session. The Hon. Samuel A. Green, M. D., Mayor of Boston, has not only given free access to the library of the Massachusetts Historical So- ciety, but, by constant and valuable suggestions, aided me very materially ; and Mr. John Ward Dean, of the New England Historic, Genealogical So- ciety, has been not less helpful. The Congregational Library, rich in local INTRODUCTION. v. history and genealogy, has been always at my service, while to Miss Mary E. Stone, its assistant librarian, especial thanks are due, for invaluable aid, most cheerfully rendered, in reading proof of many of these pages. In my researches among the Massachusetts Archives in the Secretary of State’s” office, the aid of Dr. Edward Strong has been of great service; and thanks are due to Mr. David Pulsifer, of the same office. Others, who should be named in the same spirit, are, Mrs. Bennett and Mr. W. W. Warren, Dr. Augustus Whiting, of Charlestown, Mr. and Mrs. L. W. Faulkner, Mr. C. H. Hill, Mr. E. J. Hill and Dr. F. V. Noyes; and the volume might have an appropriate dedication to the memory of Capt. Charles A. Ranlett, to whose historic interest much was due in the inception of the enterprise. In closing, I may be permitted to record the satisfaction which I have found in the researches and labors which this work has involved. My experience in such inquiries was limited; if it had been greater I should scarcely have consented to accept the responsibility of the undertaking. But it is only the truth to say, that it has largely been a labor of love, giy- ing its own constant reward. I have learned to honor the founders of this town, and the generations which have builded upon their foundations. If this volume shall aid to any extent in setting their work and memory in clearer light, and securing a more just appreciation of their toils and sac- rifices, I shall be content. At the same time I have more faith in the as- surance that the former days were not better than these, but that there has. been substantial progress. The candid and careful student of the ancient records can reach no other conclusion. The golden age is not in the past. HENRY A. HAZEN. AUBURNDALE, 1 Dec. 1882. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I.— EARLY GRANTS — SHAWSHIN. Grants to Govs. Winthrop and Dudley, 3, 4; ‘‘fhe Two Brothers,” 45 to others and to Mrs, Winthrop, 5; Cambridge. 6-9; Dudley farm sold- 10; Grants from Cambridge, 12-4; petition of Shawshin, 16-8; named Billerica, and extended west of Concord river, 19; Cambridge, agree- ment and separation, 20-2. CHAP. II.—First SETTLERS — LOCATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS. The ‘*Farm” and the ‘“Township,” 23-5; settlers from Cambridge, Woburn and Braintree, 26-9. CHAP. IIT. — LAND DISTRIBUTION. “Farm” and ‘“‘lownship” agreement, 31-2; early divisions of land, 34-9; Church farm, 40; College farm, 41; farms of Champney and others, 41; ‘Naticott” grant to Billerica; its sale to Brenton, 42-4; John Cromwell, 45; Cambridge ‘“‘Great Deed,” 46; grant of 4000 acres, 47; sold to Parker, 48. CHAP. IV.— THE STORY AS TOLD IN THE RECORDS. Account of the ‘‘Record” volumes, 51-3; Rights, acre-lots, 54; rating, 55; house for minister, 57; first town officers, 59; instructions to Select- men, 61; Maj. Willard, letter from, 62; the common herd, 63; killing wolves, 65; yoking swine, 66; shade trees and burying place, 67; Cam- bridge titles, 68; sale of mill-lot, 68; town charges, 1663, 69. CHAP. V.— BOUNDARIES. Andover, 73-5; Concord, controversy, 76-81; Woburn, 82-6. CHAP. VI. — ROADS AND BRIDGES. Early ways, 87; road to Woburn, 88; Concord, 89; Andover, 90; Wamesit, 91; East road, 92; Lexington, 94; Charnestaffe lane, 95; West st.. 963 treble-cove and rangeway, 97; bridges, 97-101. CHAP. VII.— THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. Wanesit reservation, 103; chiefs, 10£; John Eliot; Gookin’s narrative, 105; Philip’s war, 109; garrisons, 109; Chelmsford assailed, 114; Groton, petition, 115; soldiers from Billerica, 117; the Christian Indians; their wrongs, 117; alarm at Billerica; the reported massacre, 119; hard- ships, 121; Kennebec expedition, 122. CONTENTS, vii. CHAP. VIII.—InDIAN AND MILITARY. Indian deeds, 123; sale of Wamesit, 124; the Winthrops seek to recover, 125 ; military company, 125; Canada expedition ; Dunstable assailed ; Lt. Wilson at Cocheco, 126; Billerica’s first massacre, 127; second massa- cre, 129; Mrs. Toothaker, 130; military life and trials, 182; Hunt’s gar- rison, 134; Col. John Lane, 135; Queen Anne’s war, 136; soldiers from Billerica, 137; Dunstable attacked, 140; Lovewell’s expedition, 141; Louisburg, 142; service on Connecticut river, 143; sad day for Biller- ica, 143; Josiah Crosby, 144; French and Indian war, 145; soldiers from Billerica, 147; the French neutrals, 151. CHAP. IX.— REricious History. Mr. Miller, Mr. Whiting, 153 ; meeting-house, 154; Danforth and the Chelms- ford church, 156; difficulties of church organization, 159; at last ef- fected, 160; the first pastor, 163; covenant, 163; half-way covenant, 164; minister's rate, 165; arrears, 166; repairs and new meeting-house, 168; sedts, 169; Mr. Whiting’s character, 170; frees his slave, 170; col- league, 172; his death, 174; Mr. Ruggles’ ministry, 174; third meet- ing-house, 175; pew ground and seats, 176; bell, 177; list of sittings, 178; Mr. Chandler settled, 181; death of Mr. Ruggles, 182; brief and troubled pastorate of Mr. Chandler, 183. CHAP. X.— GLEANINGS FROM RECORDS. Testimonial of loyalty, 185; fat ox for Mr. Davie, 186; basis of rates changed, 187; Crosby’s public house, 188; aid to the poor; tything- men, 189; oath of fidelity, 191; subscription for Harvard College, 192; early tax lists, &c., 193; mill swamp drowned, 195; entertainments at public house, 196; witchcraft; Mrs. Carrier, 196; receipts and expen- ses of town, 1714, 201; tax lists, 1733 and 1755, 203. CHAP. XI.— LAND DISTRIBUTION. List of rights, 1685, 208; other claims, 209; extensive divisions, 210; grant- ees, 213; west side, 214; ministry lot; sale of land to Capt. Reed, 215. CHAP. XII. — DISMEMBERMENT. Wamesit ‘‘ Purchase,” 217; Bedford, 218; Tewksbury, 220; Wilmington, 222; Carlisle, 223. CHAP. XIiI.— THE REVOLUTION. Resolutions, 1768, 226; non-importation, 227; resolutions, 1773, 227; Bos- ton port bill; the town’s response, 229; will not use British goods, 231 ; militia, 232; committee of inspection; minute men, 233; Ditson tarred and feathered, 234; the 19th of April, 235; committee of correspond- ence, inspection and safety, 237; Bunker Hill; independence, 238; calls for troops, 239; inflation of the currency, 240; aid for soldiers, 241; list of soldiers, 243; tax-list, 1776, 247. viii. CONTENTS. CHAP. XIV.— EDUCATION. Catechising, 252; Joseph Tompson, schoolmaster, 253; others, 254; squad- rons, 255; school-houses; school-dames, 256; Pemberton Academy, Billerica Academy, 257; Howe school, 258; Boy’s school, 259. CHAP. XV.—RELIcIous HIsToRy. Henry Cumings settled, 260; ‘‘ recollections” of him, 261; new meeting- house, and pew-list, 263; the pastor’s theological position, 264; extract from sermons, 265; colleague settled; death of Dr. Cumings, 266; Mr. Whitman's ministry ; disturbing elements; town ceases to support, 267 ; his resignation, 268; successors, 269; First Baptist Church, 269; pas- tors; Congregational Church, 270; other churches, 272. CHAP. XVI.— CANAL, TURNPIKE AND RAILROADS. Middlesex Canal, 273; stages; Boston & Lowell Railroad, 275; the ‘‘ Nar- row Gauge,” 276. CHAP. XVII.— MILLS — MANUFACTURES. Early mills, 278; grant to Osgood; its history, 279 ; contest with towns above, on Concord river; Faulkner’s mills, 280; Talbot’s mills; Hill’s machine shop; Patten’s manufactory, 281; Jaquith’s glue factory, 282. CHAP. XVII.— BILLERICA IN THE REBELLION. Raising troops, 283; monument, 284; record of soldiers, 285. CHAP. XIX.— THE MOTHER-TOWN OF BILLERICAY. Description, 293; historic items, 295; meaning of name, 296. CHAP. XX.— MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. Billerica graduates; lawyers and physicians, 302; town officers, 304; post- masters, 307; population, 309: census, 310; voting list, 1880, 312; li- braries, 315; celebrations; Indian names, 316; surroundings and scen- ery, 317. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PORTRAIT OF THOMAS TALBOT. Bo iee By Hee a . Frontispiece. Map oF Ancien’ BILLERICA... 1 ee ee ee ee ew pe dG Garrison Houst. French? — . 2 GPA? 3a : . Howe ScHooL .. . iy aor Peredis ened os 257 Boys’ Scuoot. M. C. MIrcHELL . ‘ eG ee Oe a ee AS First Cuurcn AND COMMON... ae 2 . . 263 Baprist Cyurcnw . . . BD ta whe et dad Sty GE : . . . 269 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCIL . 1. 0.0. ee ee ee ee ee TI Baprist Caurcu, NORTH BILLERICA . . . . gooey Ge la 272 FAULKNER MILL bowie ey Gone. oe : Dis, Wes ae he, sat oes 279 TALBOT MILL . iy oh we oe a EO 7 ws « « 280 SOLDIERS MONUMENT . . fa by at fe hy ae ee a (DBE BILLERICAY. ENG., MAIN STREET. ser ae ha ener Ae . . We ss, a PARISH CHURCH hoe OK . » 2 « 298 BENNETY LIBRARY . . . . AOS Pest ay Sits Sols ce UD. RESIDENCE AND PorTRatr or Mrs. BENNETT ‘ tea gs 5 » 10 Porrrair OF Rev. Henry Cominas, D. D. AGO % 33 DANFORTH GARRISON House ae aoe ate uy 1s. o « .) B+ - PORTRAIT OF FRANCIS FAULKNER. Oe Bat ee poe 82 RESIDENCE OF LUTHER W. FAULKNER... ‘ eet ae. Be PORTRAIT OF FION. JOSIAH FRENCH ia tealty giles . . 60 Hitt GARRISON House... . . 1. eee ee ‘ 68 RESIDENCE OF CHARLES H. HILL . . . iG 72 JAQUITIT HOMESTEADS bls a0 ede he A . 76 JUDKINS HOMESTEAD . . a a Sa ee a ‘ say ge 80 RESIDENCE OF THOMAS TALBOT . & Gale Aah poe & = W6 cs Rurus K. UNDERHILL . . 2... eee eee CdD Portrait oF DEA. SAMUEL WHITING ee ee ae, eave al og BY HISTORY OF BILLERICA. CHAPTER I. EARLY GRANTS—SHAWSHIN. Tux Pilgrims came to Plymouth in the year 1620. Dover and Portsmouth were occupied in 1623. Then five years passed, and Endecott, with the first Puritan company, arrived at Naumkeak and laid the foundations of Salem. In 1629 the charter of Mass- achusetts was granted by King Charles, and other settlers occupied Weymouth, Mishawum (or Charlestown), and Saugust (or Lynn). . The arrivals in 1630 were more numerous, fourteen ‘sail’ and fifteen hundred passengers, with Winthrop and Dudley among them. Some of the Charlestown people moved across the Charles river to Shaw- mut, or Trimountain, where, for some years, a solitary Episcopal clergyman named Blackstone had been living a hermit life, and thus Boston was born. Mattapan (or Dorchester), Roxbury, Watertown and Meadford were occupied the same year. Connecticut was chartered in 1631, and Newtown was occupied with the intention of fortifying and making it the chief town of the colony. Governor Winthrop and Assistant-Governor Dudley began, to build there, but Winthrop and some others becoming dissatisfied or convinced that it was an error to leave Boston, returned, and the early rivalry between Cambridge and Boston resulted in favor of the latter town. The year 1633 was memorable for the coming of John Cotton, the eminent divine and friend of Cromwell, who brought the name of his own English Boston, and gave it new fame by supplanting the Indian name’ Shawmut. Thomas Hooker and his company also arrived that year and settled in Newtown; but after three years, finding that they had not room enough, removed to Hartford. Agawam (or Ipswich) and Hingham were also settled. With 1635, Newbury was occupied, and the first plantations were made inland, 2 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. at Musketaquid (Concord), and Springfield; and there followed Dedham, in 1636; Sudbury, in 1637; Enon (or Wenham), Glouces- ter and Rowley, in 1639; Salisbury, Lynn Village (Reading), Woburn and Braintree, in 1640; Pentucket (Haverhill), and Nantasket (Hull), in 1641; Topsfield, in 1642; Bradford and Cochichawick (Andover), in 1643; and Nashaway (Lancaster), and Malden, in 1648. In twenty years the Massachusetts Colony had planted thirty-one towns, not including Dover, Portsmouth, Hampton and Exeter,’ now in New Hampshire, but then in her jurisdiction. The Plymouth Colony in 1648 numbered seven towns ; Connecticut, fifteen; Rhode -Island, four; and in Maine there were three: York, Saco and Wells. In all New England there were sixty-four towns at this time. The desire of. the early colonists for ample room in their settle- ments was natural. They came from a country whére landed pos; sessions were largely the basis of wealth and rank. They were laying foundations here and looking to the future with large views and large faith, and the opportunity naturally awakened the purpose to endow their children with acres enough upon which to build a prosperous future. So with Boston on one side, and Watertown on the other, Hooker and his company felt themselves straightened in Newtown, and removed to the inviting meadows of the Connecticut ; and Charlestown, Lynn and Ipswich were soon seeking for room to expand. Reading and Woburn grew up the children of these parent towns, and Billerica drew her first life from Cambridge, which Newtown had become with the planting of Harvard College there. The first pulsation of the life of- Billerica may be found in a record of the General Court, ‘+ 1635-6, 3 March. The Goun', Dep- uty Goun', and John Winthrop, Sen", Esq", or any two of them, are intreated to vewe Shaweshin and soe to informe the next Genall Court whither or noe it may not be a fitt place for a plantacon.” Concord had been occupied the previous year, and the vicinity would naturally receive new attention. This governor was Mr. John Haynes who removed in October of the same year with Mr. Hooker’s company to Hartford, and became the first governor of Connecticut Mr. John Winthrop was the eminent first governor of Massachusetts. The removal of Mr. Haynes may have interfered with his exploring Shawshin; and there is no evidence that the next General Court received the information desired. But we may infer that Mr. Winthrop did not personally neglect it, and we soon find him yeceiving .an important grant here. ’ EARLY GRANTS—SHAWSHIN. 3 About this time the name of Shawshin is heard in England. Mathew Cradock was the first governor of the Massachusetts company, and invested his wealth very freely for the promotion of the colony. He was the founder of Medford, and Winthrop succeeded him in office when the colony was sufficiently developed to need a resident governor. In a letter to Governor Winthrop, bearing date 1636, Sept. 13, he adds a postscript, afterwards cancelled, as follows :1 * ‘Sir: I have a purpose to apply myself to tyllidge & increasing my stock of Cattel, & having had recourse to a plase caled Shawe Shynn, where I hear none comes but myselfe, I desire your ffauour, when the Court Shalbee moved in my behalfe, that I may have 2000 Acres there allotted to me where I shall find it most convenient ffor mee. I know the orders made heere in Courte allowe me maney thousand acres more than I intend to demand or looke after. This my suite I hope will give offence to none, & when I shall putt up a tenement & a dame, as I have herewith given order thereabout, I wope in a short time others will ffollowe, if once a good minister be plased there, and I am persuaded the more English Corne is cherised the better it will be for the whole plantacion. 1 once more take my leave & Rest.” “Yours, MATHEW CRADOCK.” For some reason Mr. Cradock did not pursue the matter, and the settlement of Shawshin was perhaps delayed by this failure. Possibly Cambridge was already on the outlook for the grant subse- quently made to that town. A year passed and the Court moves again in August, 1637. ‘*Cap' Jeanison & Leif' Willi: Spencer were appointed to veiwe Shawshin & to consider whether it be fit for a plantation.” Still no report; but three months later, 2 Novem- ber, the Court makes a large grant of land which fell within the bounds and bore important relations to the settlement of Shawshin. ‘The Deputy, M’ Dudley, hath a thousand acres granted him wheare it may not piudice any plantation granted, nor any plantation to bee granted wout limiting to time of impv'.” ‘*The Governo" M: John Winthrope, Senior, hath graunted him a thousand acres of land upon the same tearms as M' Dudley hath his.” This grant was enlarged and located 1638, May 2d, as follows : — “It was ordered by this p'sent Coart that Jobn Winthrope, Esq’, the p'sent Governo", shall have 1200 acres of land whereof 1000 was formerly granted him, & Thomas Dudley, Esq’, the Deputy Governo’, his 1000 acres granted to him by a former Courte, 1 Winthrop Papers in Massachusetts Historical Society Collections. Fourth Series. Volume 6, page 121. 4 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. both of them about 6 miles from Concord, northwards; the said Governo" to have his 1200 acres on the southerly side of two great stones standing neare together, close bythe ryver-side that comes fro Concord, & the Deputie Governo' to have his thousand acres on the northerly side of the said two great stones (w" stones were lately named the ‘wo Brothers). The Deputie Governo' is to run a line easterly from the said stones so that hee may take in a meadowe on the other side of a hill, & so to extend his thousand acres as farr northerly as hee will, & as the thousand acres will beare, & the Governo' to ioyn2 in the said line rufiing Easterly, & to extend his lot as farr Southerly as his twelve hundred acres will beare, w™ 2200 acres are by this Court established to the said p’ties, gener- ally, & their severall heires.” Governor Winthrop has left us in his journal’ an account of the location of these farms, too graphic to be omitted. ‘These two eminent men came up to view the proposed location from Concord, and ‘‘ going down the river about four miles, they made choice of a place for one thousand acres for each of them. They offered each other the first choice, but because the deputy’s was first granted, and himself had store of land already, the governor yielded him the first choice. So, at the placé where the deputy’s land was to begin there were two great stones which they called the Two Brothers in remembrance that they were brothers by their children’s marriage, and did so brotherly agree, and for that a little creek near those stones was to part their lands. At the Court in the 4th month after, two hundred acres were added to the governor’s part.” This sentence fixes the date of this memorable visit, in January, 1637-8. The Two Brothers were better landmarks than the ‘trees’ so often used in designating boundaries, and still lie on the East bank of the Concord river, a short distance South of the Bedford line. They must be the earliest Jandmark in Billerica. A year later (1639, June 6) the Court ‘‘granted to John Winthrope, Esq., the p'sent. Governor, a p'cell of meadow containing about sixetie acres, more or lesse, by estimation, lying within a mile or two of his farme, beneath Concord, towards the Southeast of the said farme, to have to him & his heirs, p'vided that it lye not win the bounds of any towne formerly granted.” Mr. Dudley’s farm was also increased to 1500 acres by the addition of his share of a grant to Roxbury. This was 460 acres which were ‘‘made” 500 by the Court. 2 Winthrop's Journal, Volume 1, page 264. In the early part of this history, until the period of separation of Bedford, Tewksbury and Carlisle, I use the name as the fathers did, including-the ancient bounds of the town. EARLY GRANTS— SHAWSHIN. 5 * Soon after, the Court granted lands on the west side of Concord river. ‘1639, Nov. 5, the Court granted Increase Nowell his 500 acres” [granted in June] ‘‘ on the north side of the bounds of Concord, beyond the ryver, over against the Governo™ 1200 acres ioyning to the bounds of Concord. Mr. Thom: Allen is granted his 500 acres ‘‘to ioyne to Increase Nowell on the north side of the said -Increase Nowell, his grant.” Mr. Nowell was a prominent citizen of Charlestown and secretary of the colony ; and Mr. Allen was the ‘teacher’ of the church in Charlestown. Then follows a grant, made at the same time, June, 1639, but not located till October, 1640, which came within the bounds of Billerica. ‘‘*M*™ Thom: Welde, pasto' of Roxbury, is granted 533 acres next to Mr. Thom: Allen, teacher of Charles Towne, beyond Concord Ryver, w'of 200 was granted by the country, & the other 333 is p’t of the 4000 acres ‘granted to Roxberry.” This farm occupied the south part of Billerica, west of Concord River, and was afterwards bought by the town. One other and still larger grant remains to be mentioned. 1640, May 13, ‘There is 3000 acres of land granted to Mrs. Winthrope, the wife of Mr. John Winthrope, our late Governo', to bee at her disposeing, for her and her sonns, where they shall desire it, w*out piudice to any former grant.” And 1641, Dec. 10, ‘‘Mrs. Margt Winthrope hath her.3000 acres of land, formerly granted her, to bee assigned about the lower end of Concord Ryver, near Merrimack, to bee layde out by Mr. Flint & Leift. Willard, w Mr. Oliver or some other skilful in measuring, so as it may not hinder a plantation, & any p’t thereof they may purchase of any Indians that have right to it.” This grant was between the Merrimack and the Concord, on the east side of the latter, and was subsequently laid out by Jonathan Danforth, ‘‘in a true circle,” including a part of Lowell and the adjacent section of Tewksbury. With 1640, a new force was turned into the current setting towards the settlement of Shawshin. To appreciate its significance we need to recall certain facts in the general condition of the colony. This was a time of hardship and financial embarrassment. The meeting of the Long Parliament, and the increasing power of the Puritans in England, had checked the emigration to New England, and the Pequot war had taxed the new settlements. The financial difficulties of many of the colonists were serious, and Mr. Shepard and the Cambridge people were particularly involved. As a measure of relief they seriously considered the question of follow- 6 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. oe ing Mr. Hooker and his company, whose houses and lands they -- had bought in Cambridge, and joining them in Connecticut. Mr. Shepard had married the daughter of Mr. Hooker, who strongly urged the removal of his son-in-law.’ The authorities of Massachusetts naturally deprecated a second disruption of Cambridge. Its influence on the colony and the infant college would be disastrous. And they strengthened their argu- ments with Mr. Shepard and his church by the proposal to enlarge their bounds nearer home. On the same day, 1640, Oct. 7, when Charlestown received a grant four miles square, which was the germ of Woburn, the Court took the following action :— ‘*The town of Cambridge is granted a month to consider of Shawshin for a village for them, & if they like it not, the town of Roxberry hathe liberty to consider of it for a village for them till the nexte Gene'all Courte.” The result was, 1641, June 2: ‘*Shawshin is granted to Cambridge, p'vided they make it a village, to have 10 families there setled win three years; otherwise the Court to dispose of it.” But the time was not ripe, and Cambridge was not ready to grapple with the difficulties of a new settlement so far in the wilderness. The General Court, however, at last secures a report descriptive of Shawshin ; but it was so far unfavorable, that whether intentionally or not, it must have discouraged the hopes of such as contemplated a settlement. This report bears date 1642, June 14, as follows :— : ‘Wee, whose names are underwritten, being appointed to viewe Shaw- shin, & to take notice of what fitness it was for a village, & accordingly to ot apprehentions make returne to the Co't; wee therefore manifest thus much: that for the quantity it is sufficient, but for the quality in of app'hensions no way fit, the upland being very barren & very little medow there about, nor any good timber almost fit for any use. Wee went after wee came to Shawshin house, by estimation, some 14 or 16 miles at the least, in compass; fro™ Shawshin house wee began to go downe the ryver 4 or 5 miles near East; then wee left that point & went neere upon north, came to Concord Ryver, a little belowe the falls, about one mile or neare 5 then wee went up the ryver some 5 miles untill wee came to a place called the Two Brethren; and fro™ thence it is about two miles & 4 to Shawshin, & the most p'‘ of all the good land is given out already ; more land there is at the south side of the house, between the side of Concord line & the heade of Cambridge line, but littell medow, & the upland of little worth; & this is what we can say hearin.” “SYMON WILLARD. “EDWP CONVERS.” 4See his letter to Shepard in History of Cambridge, page 46. EARLY GRANTS * SHAWSHIN, 7 The signers of this report were prominent citizens of Concord and Woburn, and neighbors are not always best friends. We need not doubt the intention of these gentlemen to do justice to Shawshin, if we do suspect that they were unconsciously influenced by the thought that some advantage and possible enlargement might come to their own towns, if Shawshin were not occupied as a distinct settlement. The ‘‘Shawshin house,” where their route begins, must have been on the Shawshin river, in Bedford, at the place where Vine brook, ‘tthe riveret from Woburne,” empties into it. Going down the river about to the present line of the railroad, they may have followed that line to North Billerica. Thence to the Two Brothers, and across Bedford to the starting point, would make about the distance estimated; and if they did not leave this route, they saw little of the better portions of Shawshin. This Shawshin house was the first building in the town. By whom it was built, or for what purpose, or how long it remained, we know not. If Mrs. Winthrop availed herself of the leave granted by the Court the previous October, ‘‘to build a house & a hog or goate pen by the lower part of Concord Ryver,” this may have been the second civilized structure in Shawshin. After receiving this report, the General Court at the same session renewed the grant to Cambridge, giving Shawshin for the first time specific bounds. ‘All the land lying upon Shaweshin Ryver, ‘& between that & Concord Ryver, & between that & Merrimack Ryver, not formerly granted by this Co't, are granted-to Cambridge, so as they erect a village there win 5 yeares & so as it shall not extend to preindice Charlestowne village or the village of Cochitawit, nor the farms formerly granted to the now Gove'nor of 1260 ac's, to Thom: Dudley, Esq., 1500 ac's, & 3000 ac's to Mrs. Winthrope ; & Mr. Flint & Mr. Stephen Winthrope are to set out their heade line towards Concord.” Remembering that Cochitawit was Andover, and Charlestown Village, Woburn, the terms of this grant are very clear. Mr. Flint and Mr. Stephen Winthrop were surveyors, and are instructed to make the line of Concord the South-West bound, as it was in fact, of the Winthrop farm. The time within which the settlement must be effected is, by this grant, extended from 1644 to 1647. The difficulty of the undertaking, however, seems to have made it doubtful whether Cambridge could fulfil the conditions, even in the extended time, and inducements to remove to Connecticut continuing to influence her leading citizens, the Court again modified 8 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. the terms of the grant, in order to hold Cambridge to the Shawshin enterprise. | ‘©1643-4, March 7, Shaweshin is granted to Cambridge, w'*out any condition of making a village there, & the land between them & Concord is granted them, all save what is formerly granted to the military company or others, p'vided the church & p'sent elders con- tinue at Cambridge.” The proviso shows distinctly that these grants, with their increasing inducements, were designed to prevent the removal of Mr. Shepard and his friends. And the policy was successful. They remained in Cambridge, and some of them ‘became early inhabitants of Shawshin. It is hardly too much to suppose that this Shawshin grant prevented a second disruption of the mother town. Cambridge could now. proceed at her convenience in the settle- ment of Shawshin, without fear of losing the grant, and she made haste slowly. The only allusion found for four years to the place comes incidentally from Woburn. 1644, May 9, the Court ‘‘ ordered that the ryver at Shawshin shalbe called by the name of Shawshin Ryver, not only belowe, but also above the riveret w falls into said ryver in Wooburne bounds above halfe a mile from Cambridge line.” The interest of the Court in this name of the river was not purely geographical. The western bound of Woburn was contin- gent upon it. In the original grant of ‘‘Charles Towne village,” the Court says ‘‘they shall not crosse Cambridge line nor- come win a mile of Shaweshin Ryver.” Vine brook, as it is now known, runs westerly from Burlington, then a part of Woburn, and crosses the line ‘tabove half a mile from Cambridge,” now Lexington. If the Shawshin could be held to begin at the point where this riveret comes in, the western bound of Woburn might legally have been extended above, so far even as to meet Concord. But if the river were the Shawshin from its rise in Lincoln, the bound of Woburn was limited accordingly. A petition, therefore, was presented from Woburn, signed by Edward Johnson, Edward Converse and John Mousall, ‘‘ Humbly Beeseaching this Honored Corte to give direction for sending in a cleere way, About the laying oute the Bounds of the s? towne next Shawshin River; first, whether it be mente wee shall keepe one mile fro the place called Shawshin, from whence wee _conceave the River hath its Denomination, or whether wee must keep one Mile From any of the Riverets; 2nd, Whether wee must wave our bounds out & in as the River doth (Being Straightened EARLY GRANTS—SHAWSHIN. 9 Beyond Expectations by Lin Village one the other side). Would not Willingly delude ourselves with vayne Hopes Againe, But if it prove we Are Straightened by Shawshin River, likewise, wee may Indevor the gaineing (if it Be possible) some Handicraftsmen unto us, that the Blessed ordinances of God may Be upheld, the Lord helping in the use of means,” etc. But the Court guarded the interests of Cambridge and Shawshin, and answered Woburn in the action given above. The policy of ‘‘gaining some handicraftsmen” was, however, fairly successful in our sister town. They have been able, in spite of this defeat of their hopes, to maintain ‘‘the Blessed ordinances of God,” and to give portions to three thrifty daughters, even from their contracted bounds. The earliest action of Cambridge for the settlement of Shawshin, of which the record has been preserved, was taken, 1648, April 9.° ““It was agreed at a general meeting, when the whole town had special warning to meet for the disposing of Shawshine, that there should be a farm laid out of a thousand acres, to*be for a public stock, and improved for the good of the church, & that part of the church that here shall continue; and every person or persons that shall from time to time remove from the church, do hereby resign up.their interest therein to the remaining part of the church of Cambridge. This thousand acres of land, given to the use aforesaid, shall be laid out, either all together or else severally, part in one place & part elsewhere, according to the discretion of the men that are appointed to lay out the land.” ‘* Also. there were granted to several brethren that had no house-right in the town, if they did desire it, farms at Shawshin,” ‘Imprimis: Capt. Googine a farm, if he buy a house in the town; also to Bro. Edward Oaks, Tho. Oakes, and Richard Hildreth, each of them a farm for their encouragement, if they see it may make for their support and desire it. Further, it is granted to Mr. Henry Dunster and Edward Collins. liberty to have their small farms at Shawshine, and to be considered in their quantity more than others in regard of their work ond place.” 1649, April, one year later, the town ‘‘ Agreed that Mr. Henry Dunster, President of Harvard College, should have 500 acres whereof four hundred is granted by the town to his own person and heirs, to enjoy freely, forever, and the other 100 acres, for the use of Harvard College. Item, unto Mr. Daniel Googine, 500 acres. Item, unto Mr. Edward Collins, in lieu of his small farm within the town bounds, with some addition in respect of his place in the Deacon’s office, it was agreed that he should have 500 acres.” & History of Cambridge, page 57. 10 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. The next movement on record preparatory to the occupancy of Shawshin was in 1651. ’ Governor Dudley, whose farm of 1500 acres embraced an attractive part of the town, petitions the Court, Oct. 15, for a definition of his river bound. After statement of the grant, he says: ‘‘but is not expressed how far the said 1500 acres should go along by the ryver-side (although the said Thomas Dudley took it for granted, & yet does, that he might goe as farr by the ryver side as he. would) yet to make it certain, & that no difference or questions may arise in times to come, the said petitioner does now intreat of this honored Court that it may be récorded that the 1500 acres so granted unto him may be laid out two myles & a halfe — — along by the ryver side, and so that he may make upp for 1500 acres from the ryver side to the land ward, ffor which he shall render due, thanks,” etc. He received favorable answer, and the way was thus prepared for the sale of his grant. This took place 28 Feb., 1651-2, to three citizens of Woburn, Thomas Chamberline, James Parker, and Isaac Learned. This was the earliest sale and one of the largest which was ever made of.land in Billerica, and for these reasons, as well as for illustration of the methods of exchange of that day, I quote its provisions at some length. ‘This witnesseth that whereas, by several grants of divers General Courts, there is conveyed to Thomas Dudley, the, Deputy Governor, & his heyres, 1500 acres of land, lying & being about 6 miles northerly from Concord. * * Now, the said,"Thomas Dudley, for & in consideration of one hundred & ten pounds of lawful inoney, to be payed unto him * * by ‘Thomas Chamberline, Isacke Learned, and James Parker, all of Woburne, in New England, in such goods & at such times as hereafter heerein appeareth, hath granted * * all the right * * which he, the said Thomas Dudley, or his heyres, hath therein, by virtue of the said grants of the general Courts, or by any purchase from any Indian * * together with all woodes, trees, waters. fishings. & other appurtenances to the same belonging. ‘To have and to hold * * Provided always, that if the said * * shall not well & truly pay * * the summe of fifty & five pounds of lawful money, oxen, steers, cowes, heifers, or calves, sound & good cattle, none of them to be above six years old, at his now dwelling- house in Roxbury, in New England, upon the eight & twentieth day of Aprill which shall be in th year of our Lord 1653; & the like summe of 55 pounds, in like cattaile or in corne at the place aforesaid, in such kind of corne as hereafter followeth: that is to say, Twenty pounds thereof in Wheate. & five & thirty pounds thereof in Rye, pease. or Indian corne, of each a like equal quantity, all good and clean dressed, upon the eight & twentieth day of Aprill, which shall bein * 1654; the said cattle & corne to be valued at the several times of deliverance thereof by one man chosen EARLY GRANTS—SHAWSHIN. 1 1 by said Thomas Dudley, and another man chosen by the [purchasers] ; and if these two cannot agree, then by a third man to be chosen by those two. And it is agreed, that if the [purchasers] shall pay any part of the’ last payment in corne, they shall give 3 months warning in writing * * how much they will so pay in corne, & if they shall pay but part of the last payment in corne, then it shall be proportioned accor ding to the kinds of corne before expressed.” Governor Dudley’s signature to this deed is witnessed by Thomas Dudley, Jr., Tobias Davis, and John Remkens, and the agreement is added ‘‘that what oxen shall be payed, may be seven years old and no more.” The deed was recorded by Thomas Danforth, 19 Sept., 1656 These thrée men, who purchased so large an interest in ‘Sinwahiny all became citizens of Chelmsford, which was receiving its early settlers at the same time. But James Parker resided here three or four years, and John Stearns, whose name is so prominent in our history, was the brother of Isaac Learned’s wife, Mary. William Chamberline, who settled in Shawshin, was probably a relatiye of Thomas; and George Farley, Henry Jefts, and the Hills were their neighbors in Woburn, and purchased of them parts of the Dudley farm. Cambridge also soon began to take more effective measures. There had been, doubtless, debates yoing on how the settlement might be effected with some profit to those citizens of Cambridge who had no intention of removing to Shawshin. But the problem was not easy of solution. The clearing and occupancy of the wilder- ness was felt to entitle the pioneers to the full benefit of their toil and sacrifice, and immigrants could not be induced to make their homes here and subject themselves to any considerable tribute to Cambridge. Some things indicate, also, that the question whether the benefit of the grant of Shawshin was to avcrue to the church or the town of Cambridge created embarrassment. Town and church were in those days so nearly identical that it was not always easy to draw the line, and sometimes it was left obscure. While the grant of Shawshin is not specifically to the church, but simply to Cambridge, the language does imply that the General Court had the church in view in making it. And although the action, making grants in 1648 and 1649, had been by the town, it appears from the next quotation that the Shawshin grant was really held by the church. 1652, 12 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. June 9 (four months after Dudley had sold his farm) ‘‘it was agreed by the charch that Shawshine should be divided as followeth :— “To Mr. Michell, five hundred acres. Tio Edw. Okes, three hundred acres. ‘Io Thomas Okes. one hundred and fifty acres. “Tt was agreed that these three above named should have their lots laid out by a committee with as little prejudice to any lot as may be, and so not to draw any lot. : ** Also, the Church doth agree, that althougli the land be, by grant of the General Court, peculiar to the Church only, yet the whole town, viz.: such as are owners of house and land in the town, shall come into the division thereof. ‘- Also, it is agreed, that every man shall have a proportion of land, more or less, according to the proportion now allotted him. ‘+ Also, that every man shall have a part of the meadow in proportion with his upland, to be laid out after the same rule that the upland is, both by lot and quantity. “Also, it is agreed, that, after the farms formerly granted are laid out, the remainder of the land shall be divided into three breadths, viz.: two of the said breadths to lie between the rivers, and the third on this side Shawshine River. The first lot to begin upon a line continued over Shawshine River, the same that is between Woburn and ué, running towards Concord, until it meet with Mr. Wintrop’s farm; and so the said first lot to butt South upon that line & on Shawshine River and Mr. Win- trop’s farm; and so each lot to proceed oue after another, by due parallels, until they come clear of the farms already laid out, and then to extend in~ two divisions between the Rivers, and a third division on the east side Shawshine River; and so every man's lot to follow one another, taking all the three breadths at once, the nearest land to the first center being still always the next lot in order. ‘The number of every man’s lot & quantity of acres is as followeth on the other side.” Here follows a list of 113 names regularly numbered, and two others appended, of persons to whom grants varying from 10 to 450 acres were made in Shawshin, amounting to a total of 9800 acres. Add the 2450 acres above mentioned, granted specially to six leading citizens, and the whole number of acres granted by - Cambridge to individuals reaches 12,250. Most of these grants were never located, but were sold to Billerica, as ‘will subsequently appear. For convenience of reference and comparison with the later list in the deed of sale, I give these names, recast alphabeti- cally, with memoranda added as to the disposition of the rights. EARLY GRANTS—SHAWSHIN. 13 I also insert, without numbers, the six names of other citizens who had large grants in Shawshin, but were not included in the dis- tribution by lot. The figures at the left of the names give the num- ber of acres. The original list may be found in the History of Cambridge, pp. 58-9. 96. 95. 103. 15. 105. 77. 62. 42. 12. 41, 73. 88. 76. 111. 108. 89. 113. 74, 91. 109. 101. 83. 1. 58. 380. 2. 9. 99. 64. LIST OF CAMBRIDGE GRANTEES. Arrington. _See Errington. ]} Andrews, Mr. [Samuel.] 150 Angier, Mr. [Edmund.] 300 Banbricke, Widow. Bancroft, Rogt. Beal, Tho. Belcher, And. Betts, John. Blogget, Daniell. Boman, Mr. Bordman, W™. Boutell, John. Bower, Ben. Bradshew, Humphrey. Bridge, John. Bridge, Matt. Bridge, Tho. Briggam, Thos. Brodish, Robert. Browne. Robert. Bucke, Roger. Bucke, Will. Bull, William. Bush, Ranold. Cane, Christopher. Champnis, Elder. . Cheaver, Daniell. Chesholme, Tho. Clearke, Jonas. 40 100 100 30 90 40 20* 60 20 20 15 250° 80 50* 180 30* 40 10 20 ' 15 10* 80 350 20 100* 60 Clemmance, William, Sef. 30 Clemmance, William. Collins, Edward. Cooke, Josseph. Cooke, Phil. 106. Cooper, John. 30. Corlet, Mr. Elijath. 30* 500 300. 80 140 100 38. 10. 97. 102. 32. 51. 56. 104. 92. 96. 27. 46. 6. 33. 45. 19. 24. 59. 52. 53. 18. 73. 36. 60. 14. a, 50. 28. 69. 81. 26. 47, 13. i. Cracbone, Gilbert. Cutter, Richard. Cutter, Widd. Dana, Rich. Danforth, Tho. , Day, Steven. Dixon, Will”. Druse, Vincet. Dunster, Henry. Ecles, Richard. Errington, Abra. Fiske, David. Fownell, John. Fox, Thomas. Frances, Rich. French, John’s children. French, Richard. French, Lt. William. Frost, Mr. Edmund. Gibson, John. Goffe, Edw. Gookin, Daniel. Greene, Nath. & Mother. Greene. Sam, Hall, Ed”. Hall, John. . Hall, Th. Hamlet, Will. Hammond, Goodm. Hancocke, Wid. Hassull, Richard. Hasteings, John. Hide, Jonathan. Hides, Sam!. Holmes, Robert. Homan, William. The original spelling is preserved, except that the initial ‘ff,’ often used, gives place to the capital ‘F.’ 90 80 40 20 220 50* 80 15* 500 70 70 60* 100 80 60 30 20 150 200* 80 450* 500 80 70 20 20 60* 15 10 60 80 ~ 20 80 150 50 14 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. 16. Jacson, John. 50 86. Russell, Will”. 60 55. Jacson, Ri. 200 90. Russell, John. 80* 94. Jacson, Mr. + 400* | 107. Shepard, Edw. 80 8. Kempster, Daniell. 80 43. Shepard, John. 60 11. Longhorne, Thomas. 60 66. Sill, Widd. 40. 54. Man, William. 70 93. Simes, Mrs. Sarah. 50 68. Manning, Will”. 60 84. Sparhauke, Nath. 140 48. Marret, Tho. 200 85. Stedman, John. 300* Michell. Mr. 500 39. Stedman, Robert. 90* 61. Michelson, Edw. 150* 29. Stevenson, And. 60 25. Miller, Joseph. 15* 44. Stone, Daniell. 50* 98. Moore. Fr., sen’. 50 31. Stone, David. 50* 65. Moore, Fr., junior. 50 63. Swan, John. 20 112. Moore, Golden. 100* 40. Swoetman, ho. 70 Oakes, Edward. 300 22. Taylor, John. 60 Oakes, ‘Thomas. 150 72. Towne, Will™. 70 37. Oldam, Ri: 60 20. Watson, John. 80 35. Padlefoote, Jonath. 15 79. Whitmore, Franc. 50 | 78. Parke, Richard. 100 100. Wilecocke. W™. 90* 34. Parker, John. 10* 23. Wilkerson, Wid. 60* 67. Parker, Robert. 60 57. Willowes, George. 60 87. Patten, William. 90 | [91.] Wines, Daniell. 10* 82. Prentise, Henry. 80 49. Winship, Edw. 200 110. Prentise, Tho. 150* 70. Withe, Nicho. ' 90 (28.] Robbins, Richard. 90 21. Woodes, Richard. 10* All the titles which are not marked with a star in this list were conveyed to Billerica in the Great Deed, which will be described hereafter. Some of the rights ‘had been sold to William French,’ Golden More, and others, but the larger number were deeded by the original grantee to the town. Of those not contained in the Great Deed, Mr. Bowman sold his 20 acres to Billerica for 20 shillings ; Thomas Bridge’s grant was held by his son-in-law, Daniel Champney ; Robert Brodish’s 80 acres (not 80, as in Cambridge list) was located to the heirs of Thomas Danforth in 1708; William Clemance’s grant was laid out to Samuel Waters; Stephen Day, Robert Stedman, David Stone, and the Widow Wilkerson sold to Jonathan Danforth, and he sold to the town; the sons of Edmund Frost received each a five-acre right on account of their father’s grant; Edward Goffe sold his 450 acres to Billerica, 1673, Jan. 27, for thirteen pounds sterling; William Hamlet occupied his own right; Thomas Prentice’s grant was sold to Francis and John Wyman, and located one-half to Francis Wyman in 1695, and the other half to EARLY GRANTS—SHAWSHIN. 15 Joseph Walker in 1684; John Russeil’s grant was laid out to Ebenezer Hill, 1703, May 26; John Stedman sold his 300 acres to Billerica in 1678 for 20 pounds, and Daniel Stone’s right was held by his heirs in 1707. The disposition of the following titles has not been traced: Ranold Bush, Vincet Druse, David Fiske, Mr. Jack- son, Edward Michelson, Joseph Miller, John Parker, William, Wilcock, Daniel Wines, and Richard Woods. Besides the farms of Collins, Dunster, Gookin, Mitchell, and the brothers Oakes, Cambridge grants above 9800 acres to 115 proprietors. Of this number, 89 titles were conveyed to Billerica by the Great Deed which covered 7480 acres; 16 others were conveyed to Billerica, or located for citizens, and ten, as above, are not accounted for, including 770 acres. The grant of 400 acres to Mr. Jackson, forms the larger part of this number. In October, 1652, Woburn petitioned the Court for the appoint- ment of a committee to lay out the farms ‘‘nere Shawshine, graunted to J’° Winthrope, Esq.. deceased, & to Thomas Dudley, Esq., Dep* Gouv'.” Seven commissioners were appointed. The work to be ‘‘donne before the twenty-fowerth day of the fowerth month next.” No-report of these edmmissioners appears on the record, but the easterly line of the farms may have been fixed by their action. The other bounds could not have been then in question. As the east bound did not reach Shawshin river, which was a mile west of Woburn limits, the neighborly solicitude of her citizens in the matter is interesting and perhaps suggestive. This brings us to the settlement of the Shawshin wilderness, unless the Shawshin House, already mentioned, but of which we know so little, constituted an exception. In. what year, at what place, or by whom the settlement was begun, is not known. It is probable that Henry Jefts was here in 1652, for his infant daughter, Hannah, died in the town ‘'y° first weeke” of May. 1653; the earliest event noted in the Town Records. A year later, the ‘last week, 1th Month,” (March), 1654, Samuel, the son of George Farley, was born—the first birth in the town. And in October, 1654, a petition to the General Court bears fourteen signatures, and ‘¢the most of” ‘the ‘« pétitioners are already seated” here. This petition was the first utterance of Shawshin which has been preserved, and gives information of the earliest. enlargement of the bounds of the town. It may by found in the Massachusetts Archives, in the¥office of the Secretary of State, Vol. 112, p. 70, and is as follows :— ‘ 16 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. “INHABITANTS OF SHAWSHIN.” -“PETITION.” To the hondrd Mr. Bellingham, Govrnor, with the rest of the hond’d Magistrates and Deputies at the Generall Courte at Boston Assembled :— The petitione of sum of the proprietors, with the inhabitants now being at Shawshinn, in the County of Middlesex, [Hum ]bly Sheweth: . Hat, whereas, it hath pleased the Lord so to order and dispose of the Lands given by this honr@ Courte. to the Church of Cambridge, that Now it is in a probable way of making a plantation, if this honr? Courte will please to grant to us, y’ petitioners, a small tracte df Lande yt Lyeth yett ungranted to any plantatione and uncapable of improvement either in way of farms or other wayes, only to this place, which land was that which some of us, y" petitioners, had an eye chiefly to in or late petition to this hon'd Courte, which petition was granted to us and those others,. yt joined in petitione with us, Namely: the land petitioned for on the other side of Concord river, which was Layed out to y" petitioners according to the order of the Courte, by or Hon'd Major Willard and Captne Edward Johnson; this p'cell of Lande that we, y" petitioners, doo humbly sew unto ys Hon'd Courte for Lyeth between that plantation Last granted and the tracte of Land of Shawshin, all along from the Line belonging to the farmes belonging to John Blood and robert Blood, of Concord, and so lyeth alonge by the side of Coricord river to the indians plantations at pawtuckett, so that there is only the river doth p’t the township granted for that ende by the church of Cambridge and the farm purchased of mr. Dudley, © diseaced, whereon the most of y" petitioners are already seated; and this p"sell of land we humbly intreate may be granted to us, y* petitioners, for the incouragement not onely of otselves, but of several other persons that are desirious to settle down with us, the which if this hon corte please to grant. it will make much for comfortable earring on of worke in hande, the incotagement of y® Revr‘ Mr. Miller and those that come alonge with him, who are so ingaged to us, y" petitioners, that we are dayly in expecta- tion of y" coming, and if this hon'd court please to grante this land to us, y’ petitioners, yt we may have it layed [? out] tous by a committee chose by this hono'd corte or by or selves, if the corte please, with all convenient speed, or Necessity calling for y® same; and we furd" humbly crave this honor‘ corte will please to grant to us, y™ petitioners residing at Shawshinn, the wonted favor and priviledge that other plantations at their first begin- nings have had before us in freing of us from publique charges for the country for so many years as this cort in y" wisdom shall think meet. We REFERENCES OF MAP. I.-/Dudley Farm. _ it... Winthrop - Lane Fatin.. lif. -Mrs. Winthrop’s Farm. - IV. Wamesit. V._ Township. VI. Nowell Farm. | vii. -Allen Farm. VIII. Hough Farm. mee . The Bloods’ Farms. [X. Weld Farm. XI. College Farm. X. Church Farm. XII. Cham ney Farm. Mr. Daniel’s Farms. XIII., Dunster- Wyman Farm. XIV. Gookin Farm. XV. Mitchel- Bacon Farm. _ XVI. Oakes Farm. XVII. Major Willard’s Farm. 26." Bacon, Michael 58. ' Baldwin, John 63. Bird, Simon 84. Bloods’. 65. Bracket, John, 10. Bracket, Peter 24. Brooks, Timothy 49. Brown, George 73. Carrier, Thomas.’ 12. Chamberline, William 11. Champney, Daniel 29. Champney, Samuel 63. Corneal, Peter 35. Crosby, Simon 50. Crosby, Simon, Jr. . Crosby, Joseph Danforth, Jonathan 2. Danforth, Jonathan, Jr. 80. Danforth, Samuel 29. Daniel, Richard 81. Davis, Joseph Ditson, Hugh 78. Dunkin, John 66. Durrent, John 56. Dutton, John 79. Dutton, Thomas 15. Farley, George 36. Farley, Caleb 64. Farmer, Edward 23. Fassett, Patrick 21. Fitch, Samuel Foster, Thomas 45. French, Jacob 44. French, John 38. French, Joseph French, William 41. Frost, John 54. Frost, Samuel 24. Grimes, George ~ 67. Haile, William - 36. Hamlet, William ' 18.- Hill, Jonathan )18. Hill, Ralph 19, Hill, Ralph, Jr. 52.. Hopkins, William 51.. Hosley, John 60.. Hubbard, Thomas 74. Hunt, Samuel 16. Jefts, Henry 42. Kemp, Samuel 4. Kidder, James 47. Kidder, James, Jr. 46. Kinsley, Samuel 32. Kittredge, John 82. Kittredge, Jamies 22. Lane, Job 22. Lane, John ' 73. Levistone, Jolin 60. Manning, Samuel 83. Manning, William 43. Marshall, John 3- “More, Golden 25. Page, Nathaniel 33. Parker, Benjamin 40. Parker, John 59. Paterson, James *48. Patten, Nathaniel 7. Patten, Thomas 65- Patten, William 68- Pollard, Thomas 57- Poulter, John 28. Richardson, Stephen 40- Richardson, Thomas 62. Rogers, Daniel 5. Rogers, John 72. Rogers, John, Jr. 71. Rogers, ‘Thomas 29. Ross, Thomas 75. Sanders, John 6. Shed, Daniel 76, Shed, Daniel, Jr. 77. Shed, Zachary ~ 55. Sheldon, John 14. Stearns, John 20. Stearns, John, Jr. 34. Tay, William 34. Tay, Nathaniel * 9. Tompson, Joseph 70. Toothaker, Roger 61. Trull, John 69. Trull, Samuel 31. .Walker, Joseph 39. Web, Christopher 13. Whiting, Rev. Samuel 8. Willice, Thomas 27. Wilson, John * Insert “9” on the map near and southwest of 10”; and “48” should be nearer Tewksbury line. Records only. the highway. “Globe Hill” is located by inference from the “‘Loes Plain” should be farther east, and mostly east of -OMO PW Dproig of 7 eX uod a wy puog on puog ©) punoy ; ; Ss ; Mh , on tL ? We { LB aRedsoly ‘ : YW AA o dawn é@iy Alpe f Q WA / cn a: o *s I1AX a eo 7 i by - a / im 74 ee Z 7 ae Sa i & 39uso Suny ~ oe ~ 2A0%) FIG 244\\ iz. Og . 1 EARLY GRANTS—SHAWSHIN. 17 humbly intreat this hon'd courte at this [? ] to gratify yr humble petitioners with a speedy and expected anst. So shall you ever bind us to Serve you wherein you shall command. Y™ humble Servants, DANIEL GOOKIN. GEORGE FARLEY. RICHARD CHAMPNEY. JOHN PARKER. WILLIAM FRENCH. JAMES PARKER. ROBERT PARKER. HENRY JEFTES. JOHN FRENCH. JONATHAN DANFORTH. RAwpH HI. JOHN STERNE. Rapw# HI, Jr. WILLIAM CHAMBE[RLINE]. [On back of Petition.) _ The Town desireth the Name of Shawshin henceforth may bee cald Billericay. : In answer to ys petition of Shawshin, we conceive y' pt of y® petition may be granted; viz. y® tract of, land mentioned, if no former grants be, which we do not understand. 2dy, ‘Yt the name of their Town be Billericay. , HUMPHREY ATHERTON. ‘THOMAS CLARKE. RICHARD BROWNE. EDWARD JACKSON. The deputies approve of the returne of y’ committee in answer to ys pet" & desire ote honr4 majisty consent yreto. WILLIAM TORREY, Clerk. 23 (8) 1654. The Magistry consent hereto, Provided that 500 acres of this land be laid out for a farme'for the next president of the colledge, in the nearest and best place of y® grant where y® said President shall choose; & Mr. Danforth & whom y® President shall Joyne with him, is hereby appointed & desired to lay it out, desiring their brethren, y* deputies, consent hereto. Epwarp Rawson, Secy. 2 November, 1654. The deputies do not.consent hereto as conceiving it to be very prejudi- cial to this plantation, if not that which will be destructive thereunto, but are willing to graunt the lands in some other place where it may be found, according to law, provided that y® president continue in yt place three years, & all w' reference to the consent of ot hon°r4 majist* hereto. WILLIAM TORREY, Clerk. 30th, 3, 1655. Consented to by y® majists. EDWARD Rawson, Secrty. 18 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. This petition unfortunately has no date, but was presented to the General Court before 23 October, 1654, as on that day the favor- able report of a committee upon it was approved by the deputies and sent to the magistrates for concurrence. They, on the 2d Novem- ber, consent to it, with a proviso that ‘‘the President of the College” have five hundred acres ‘‘in the nearest and best place.” The deputies, for reasons assigned, which were sound and friendly to Shawshin, did not assent to this proviso, and final action on the petition was delayed by this difference of the two Houses until the session in 1655, May, when the magistrates ‘‘consented” to the action of the deputies. The precise date of this action, com- monly but not very accurately recognized as the incorporation of Billerica, is not clear. The ‘30th, 3, 1655,” as it stands on the petition, may refer either to the final action of the deputies or to the subsequent concurrence of the magistrates. In either case, in the absence of more conclusive testimony, May 30 can best claim recognition as the natal day of Billerica." Of the signers of the petition, Daniel Gookin and Richard Champney were leading citizens of Cambridge and large land owners in Shawshin, but never resided here. Probably the remain- ing twelve had all made their homes in Shawshin before the date of this petition, and all deserve honorable remembrance as pioneers of the town. . This petition records, incidentally, the fact that an earlier petition had met with favor and secured for Shawshin an extension on the west side of Concord River. Its first bound, west and north, was the Concord and Merrimac Rivers. The lahguage implies that this earlier request had been made by settlers here, and it is not probable that the Court would have granted such an extension, except to actual settlers whose prospects of success warranted the favor. And this probability adds weight to the assumption of a number 6 May 29 has been accepted as the day of incorporation, and was celebrated by the town at the Bi-Centennial in 1855. The only authority for this date is the Record of the Magistrates as it stands in Volume IV of the Colonial Records. But the Record of the Deputies (Volume III of Colonial Records) gives May 23 for the same action. May 23 was in fact the first day of the session, and it remains in the margin of the Record, covering all the proceedings of the session, which extended into June. The Secretary of the Magis- trates happened to insert ‘May 20” in the margin, apparently to fix the date of a certain “hearing”; but a comparison of the two Records, as to matters of common action, shows that neither date, “23” or “29,” has any authority in fixing the day during the Session in which any action was taken. The final date on the original petition is therefore the most definite authority yet discovered in the matter. - EARLY GRANTS—SHAWSHIN. 19 already here in 1653, or even in 1652. It appears too, that for some unexplained reason, this first extension west of the Concord did not lie along the river, but farther west, and omitted the tract described in this second petition, six or seven miles long, and of undetermined width. i This petition is also memorable as containing the first sug- gestion of the name which was henceforth to supplement the euphonious Shawshin and connect itself with the rising town. It was natural that these English colonists, leaving’ homes that were dear behind, should cultivate the home feeling by the transfer of familiar names to the wilderness. They could scarcely appreciate the melody, beauty, and flavor of the soil, for which the taste of a later day sighs in the supplanted Indian names. And when Shawshin had secured a company of earnest English families, they _. began to inquire for the English name it should bear. Their choice fell upon a name unique and peculiar. There is but one Billericay in England, and but one Billerica in the United States. While other ‘names have been repeated in newer States, this remains our own. To unfamiliar ears it is a little awkward and unattractive; but it is quite as true that generations here have learned to, love it, and in their loyalty would not subscribe to an expression of regret that the early and admirable Shawshin was not retained as the name of the town. That some of these first inhabitants were from Billericay, in England, we can not doubt, and the tradition is probable that Ralph Hill came from that town. The favorable answer of the General Court to this petition is put upon its own Record in these words :— ‘In ans? to the peticion of severall proprieto's & inhabitants of Shawshin, humbly desiring a tract of land lying nere the lyne of the farmes of John and Robert Blood, & so along by the side of Concord River, &c. The Court grants theire request in that respect, so as it hinder not former grants, and graunt the name of the plantacion to be called Billirikeyca.” Error as to spelling the name came in early. It is also worthy*® of note that in the original petition where the name first appears, it is given as in England, where the name is now spelled with the ‘y’ final. On the other hand it is probable that English usage in the seventeenth century, often, if not commonly, omitted the ‘y’; and there may be truth in the suggestion that we in New England have preserved the earlier form of the name. 20 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. This action of the Court has usually been described as the incorporation of the town. But the facts scarcely warrant such interpretation. It was simply an enlargement of a settlement already organized and recognized, and a change of the name by which it had been known. At the same time the Court ratified the agreement which had been made between Cambridge and Shawshin. The Records of Cambridge under date 1654-5, January 29, say :— In answer to a letter sent to the town from our neighbors of Shawshine, jalias Bilracie, wherein they desire that whole tract of land may be disen- gaged from this place and be one entire body of itself. ‘The town consented to choose five persons a committee to treat and conclude with them con- cerning their request therein; at which time there was chosen Mr. Henry Dunster, Elder Champney, John Bridge, Edward Goffe, and Edward Winship. The result of their negotiations with the Shawshin settlers is found in the Records of the General Court of the above date. ‘In anst to the desire of our beloved brethren & neighbors, the inhabi- tants of Shawshim, requesting imunityes & freedom from all publicke rates & charges at Cambridg, and that all the land of that place, as well those appertaining to the p'nt inhabitants of Cambridge, as those granted them by the Court, might belong entirely to that place, for the better incourage- ment & carrying on of publicq charges that will necessarily there fall out. Wee, whose names are underwritten, being impow'd by the inhabitants of Cambridge, at a publicke meeting of the toune, the 29th of January, 1654, to make such proppositions & conclusions therein as to us might seem . most meete & aequall, doe make theise following proppositions w'® reffer- ence to the compliyance of the above named, ot beloved brethren & neighbors. the inhabitants of Shawshin, and the approbation of the Gennerall Court, for the full conclusion thereof. 1. That all the lands belonging to that place called by the name of Shawshin, with its appurtenances or latter grants made by the Gennerall Court, as well those the proprietye & peculiar right whereof belongeth | 2t0 any particular person, as those granted by the toune or church of Cambridge to that place for a towneshipp, as also those given by the inhabitants of. Cambridge for the furtherance and incouragement of a plantacion there, shall be one entire towneshipp or plantacion, alwayes freed & acquitted from all manner of common charges & rates of what nature or kind soever due or belonging of right to be payd unto Cambridge by virtue of any graunt of that place unto them by the Gennerall Court. 2. That whensoever any of the inhabitants of Cambridge, theire heirs or assigns, whither in that place or elsewhere, shall make any improove- ~ EARLY GRANTS—SHAWSHIN. a1 ment of theire lands above premised, more or lesse, by fencing, building or breaking up. or mowing of the meadows, every such person shall pay to the common charges of that place, i.e. Shawshin, suitable to his or theire -improovement of the aforesayd kind, in due proportion w*® the rest of the inhabitants in that place, the whole estate and improovements of the place being layd at an aequall & proportionable rate. 3. That the inhabitants of Shawshin shall at all time & tymes heere- after forever, acquitt & discharge the inhabitants of Cambridge from all comnion charges. rates, dues, dutyes, & incumbrances by any manner of wajes 6r meanes due by them, to be payd, executed, or performed by vertue of theire interest in that place given unto them by the graunt of the Genne- rall Court. 4. That whensoever any of the inhabitants of Cambridge shall alien- ate theire pnt interest in any of the above named lands from themselves & heirs, then the sayd lands shall in all respects be liable to common charges of that place, as though those particular persons had theire graunts thereof, made them from the sayd toune or plantacion of Shaw- shin. 5. ‘That no person or persons which either have had or hereafter shall have any lott or allotment graunted them in the above named towneshipp of Shawshin, in case they make not improovement thereof by building and fencing, especially the houselott, shall have any power to make any sale or guift thereof to any other person, but such land and alotments shall retourne again to the toune, ¢.¢. Shawshin; and in case after such like improovements, any person shall then remoove to the deserting and leaving theire brethren and neighbors, that have adventured by theire encourage- ment to setle there wt them, no such person or persons, for seven yeares next ensuing the confirmation hereof, shall have power to make either sale or guift, or any aljenation thereof, to any person or p*ons whatsoever, save only unto such as the greater part of the inhabitants then resident in Shawshin, shall consent unto and approove of. 6. That in case any grievance shall hereafter happen to arise, which for the present neither side foresee, nor is heereby clearely determined. that then all such matter of greivance or difference shallbe from tyme to tyme heard and determined by meete persons, three or five, indifferently chosen by the prudentiall men of Cambridg & Shawshin. And these aforemintjoned proppositions to be subscribed by all the pres"t inhabitants of Shawshin, and by all such as heereafter shall have any alottments granted them there, and retourne hereof made to the inhab- itants of Cambridg w‘*in tenn dayes after the end of the first session of the Gennerall Court. Given under our hands this 17th, 12™°, 1654, by us, HENRY DUNSTER. RICHARD: CHAMPNEY. EDWARD GOFFE. JOHN BRIDGE. 22 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. ‘ These proppositions are accepted of and consented. unto by us, the present inhabitants of Shawshin; and we doe humbly crave. this honnored Court to confirm and record the same. Yor humble Servants, RALPH HILL, Seii'. JN°, STERNE. GEORGE FARLEY. JN°, CROE. JONATHAN DANFORTH. W™, CHAMBERLYN. Rost: PARKER. ‘“'Theire request was granted by the Court.” WILLIAM FRENCH. W™, PATTEN. RALPH HIL1, Jui. JAMES PARKER. HEN: JEFTES, J, PARKER. ° CHAPTER II. FIRST SETTLERS—-LOCATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS. Tue fathers of New England ‘builded wisely, perhaps more wisely than they knew. They went about separate settlements in the same spirit and on the same principles with which they shaped the colony. Each town was to be a republic in miniature, coherent, and with sufficient vitality to maintain itself and support religious ordinances,—not a random collection of squatter-sovereigns, but, from the start, a compact body, competent to welcome or reject those who sought a place among them. The colonial policy was not narrow but wisely self-defensive, which declined to open the door to all the restless adventurers who might be disposed to come in and make trouble. And when a town was taking shape, time, correspondence, and long consultations, were necessary to secure the concurrence of a sufficient number of suitable families in the enterprise. Former neighborhood and family relationships would be important factors in determining these adjustments, as the early group of Billerica families illustrates. We may assume that several families came near the same time to occupy Shawshin, and that this first settlement took place in 1652 or early in 1653. Most of the twelve signers of the petition in 1654, October,’ had, no doubt, their homes here at that time. Jonathan Danforth was married the next month, and John French and Ralph Hill, Jun., some years later. Probably, therefore, there were nine families in Shawshin in 1654, and of these, seven were located on the Dudley Farm, and perhaps eight. John Parker settled on the farm reserved for the Church in _ Cambridge. This farm was located on both sides the Shawshin, a wile wide, from the Woburn Road, down the river. His house 1See pp. 16 and 17. Gookin and Champney did not settle in Billerica. 24. HISTORY OF BILLERICA. was near the residence of Mr. Slack, on the East Road, and was an important centre in the early life of the town. Town meetings were held in it, and there Jonathan Danforth came for his bride, who was Mr. Parker’s step-daughter. James Parker, one of the three purchasers of the Dudley Farm, had a house-lot on Long Street which was crossed by the Andover Road. The other settlers were on ‘‘the farm,” as Mr. Dudley’s grant is designated in the early records. This farm, beginning at the Two Brothers, on Concord River, extends down the river two and a half miles to the Middlesex Turnpike, and is bounded north-east by the line of Charnstaffe Lane, extended from the river to a point just east of Ash Swamp and the narrow-gauge railroad; south-east by a line of which Tufts’ Lane is a fragment, and which crosses Nutting’s Pond near its west end. The south line, four hundred aud thirty rods long, crosses the Bedford Road at the point where the road from Hill’s Bridge intersects it, and meets the east line very near the railroad. John Stearns and George ‘Farley occupied the north end of this farm, the Bedford Road, where it turns south from Charnstaffe Lane, forming the dividing line between them. Stearns’s house was south of Charnstaffe Lane, probably near the Deacon Whiting place; and Farley’s house near the Jaquith place. Next, on the south, was Ralph Hill, Sen., near Mrs. Judkins’; and, east of his farm, Lieut. William French had his home, towards Indian Hill, as the hill north of Nutting’s Pond was called. Robert Parker’s lot was on the east side of the farm, and his house-lot then, or afterwards, was east of the farm and south-east of Dr. Noyes’s present residence. William Chamberline and Henry Jefts were between Parker and Stearns, but their exact location is undeter- mined. + Jefts was on or near Indian Hill, and Chamberline probably nearer to the Woburn Road. The location of the succeeding families, and of the future village, was determined by a grant made ‘‘by the Church of Cambridge for a Towneship.” This Township and its inhabitants are often mentioned in the early records. It consisted of four hundred acres, bounded south by Charnstaffe Lane, and west by the river. John “Trull’s farm, known as the Bridge place and. now owned by Mrs. Farmer, included its north-east corner; and the lane leading from Long Street to this house is a few rods north of the Township line. House-lots, twenty to thirty acres in size, were FIRST SETTLERS— LOCATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS. 25 granted within this Township to most of the first settlers, and ‘‘ they upon the township” held, by agreement, a prior claim over ‘those on Mr. Dudley’s farm,” in the future distribution of common land. Here Jonathan Danforth built his house on the north side of West Street in 1654, unless his house-building followed his marriage. It was perhaps the first house in the village, and unless it was replaced by a second house before 1675, which is not probable, it stands there today, and after two hundred and twenty-three years we may still gaze upon its venerable and (alas! that we must add) vanishing form.’ William Patten, or Thomas, his son, perhaps both, came the same year, and his house stood near Mr. Frank Richardson’s. Ralph Hill, Jun., had a house-lot on what is now Mr. Kimball’s farm, which he sold soon after to John Poulter, the brother of Danforth’s wife. And in May, 1656, Mr. Hill bought of William Baker the farm south of his father’s. His house, a garrison of 1675, stood where Mrs. Boyden lives. It had been built and occupied by Edward Chamberline, and Baker’s occupancy was brief. By 1660, the number of families had increased to forty. Without attempting to give the exact order of their coming, or location, the following may be taken as an approximate statement: William Hamlet was on the riorth-east of Bare Hill, (the hill south of the village,) near the Crosby place; James Kidder was opposite Danforth, where Mr. Gardner Parker lives; John Rogers was near Mr. Charles Parker’s; William Tay, near Dr. Noyes’s place, just south of the village; John Baldwin, near Mrs. Bennett’s, and Jacob Brown, near Mr. Whitman’s, (he sold out to John Stearns about 1663). Samuel Champney, son of the notable Elder Richard, of Cambridge, early had purchased, and in 1669 sold again to Richard Daniel, the five hundred acres granted by Cambridge to Edward Collins, and his house was south of the Woburn Road, near the Shawshin River. Simon Crosby was on the north side of Bare Hill; Samuel Kemp, on the East Road, near Miss Sophia Allen’s; and Samuel Kinsley, south of Fox Hill and near Mr. Harding’s place. John Marshall was ‘‘partly ou and partly off the towneship,” on the east side, beyond Ash Swamp, and south-east of Mr. Kimball’s. Golden Moore bought James Parker’s place, before mentioned ; James Paterson, ‘‘on the north side of the township,” between the. late Dr. Pillsbury’s place and Mr. Sanborn’s; John Youlter, on 2 See picture of it elsewhere. 26 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Andover Street, near Mr. Kimball’s; and John Sheldon beyond him, near Mr. Johnson’s place; John Trull had lived, before 1659, on Captain Gookin’s farm, and perhaps in the ‘‘Shawshin House” ; he then received a grant at the Bridge place, east of Long Street; George Willice sold in 1659 his place south of the Baptist Church to Daniel Shed. Web has left his name on ‘‘ Web’s Brook,” and lived beside it, near Mr. Maynard’s; Simon Bird was west of Long Street and south of the corner, (his grant included most of the Spalding Farm and Mr. Stackpole’s); and beyond were John Bracket, between the two brooks; John Durrant, whose grant extended to Mr. Jones’s north line; and William Haile, whose grant was farther on towards the ‘‘Great Bridge,” or Fordway. Thomas Foster was east of Bare Hill, near Mr. McKay’s; Joseph Tompson, at the Tuft’s place, south of the north-east corner of the Dudley Farm; Peter Bracket, east of Tompson and south of Marshall; John Kittredge, near Mr. Knowles’s, south of Bare Hill; Thomas Hubbard. west of Long Street and north of the Township, or between Dr. Pillsbury’s place and Mrs. Wild’s; Dr. Roger Toothaker, at the old Rogers’ place, near North Billerica; and last, but not least, Rev. Samuel Whiting, whose place was east of -Concord Road and north of Charnstaffe Lane. His house stood opposite the old Deacon Whiting place, just where Charnstaffe Lane descends from the west to the brook. Forty families are here enumerated having homes in Billerica in 1660. It is a matter of interest to note the places from which they came and the various relationships and interests which drew them together. and helped to compact the rising community. In examining this subject it will be convenient to anticipate dates a little and group with these names several others who came in the next twenty years. The larger number came naturally from Cambridge. Fifteen of the fifty-five earliest names belong to the mother town. Champney, Crosby, Danforth, French, Frost, Hamlet, Hide, Hubbard, Kidder, Manning, More. Parker, Patten, Ross, and Willice; and probably John Parker and Poulter should be added to this group, and by his marriage, at least, John Trull. Samuel Champney was a son of Eldér Richard Champney, one of the foremost men of Cambridge, and a large proprietor in Shawshin. He married a sister of Thomas Hubbard, who died here in 1662; and his sister married Jacob French. Jonathan Danforth married a sister of John Poulter, whose 1 FIRST SETTLERS— LOCATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS. 27 widowed mother had become the wife of Jolin Parker. James Frost married a daughter of William Hamlet, who had married Mrs. Hubbard, the mother of Samuel Champney’s wife. Jonathan Hyde married Dorothy, daughter of James Kidder, but did not long stay in Billerica. Kidder married a niece of Golden More, who had himself married the widow of John Champney. Samuel Manning’s wife was Elizabeth, sister of John Stearns, and Isaac Learned, one of three purchasers of the Dudley Farm, married another sister. The connection of the Parkers, John and Robert, can not be affirmed, but is probable. Thomas Willice married Grace, daughter of William Tay, who came from Boston to Billerica, and John Trull married Sarah French, niece of Lieut. William French, of Cambridge, and sister of Joseph French, the son-in-law of Thomas Foster, who lived near him. The contribution next, in number and importance to the Billerica company came as naturally from Woburn. It includes eleven names: Bacon, Baldwin, Brooks, Chamberline, Farley, Hill, Jefts, Richard- son, Walker, Wilson, and Wyman. Michael Bacon and John Baldwin married daughters of Thomas Richardson, of Woburn, and their brother Thomas became the occupant of the Church Farm after the death of John Parker in 1668, and a leading citizen of Billerica. William Chamberline was probably connected with Thomas, one of the Dudley Farm purchasers, who afterwards married Danforth’s mother-in-law, the widow of John Parker. George Farley and Henry Jefts married sisters, we need not doubt, as they bore the unusual name of Births. Ralph Hill, Sen., had taken a second wife, Margaret, the mother. of. Roger Toothaker; and in his will he calls William French, ‘‘ brother.” Ralph Hill, Jun., married Martha Toothaker, his step-sister. Joseph Walker was the son-in-law of John Wyman, of the family which held much land in Billerica as well as Woburn. Braintree gave to Billerica an important circle of eight families. The mother of Simon Crosby had married, some years before, the Rev. Joseph Tompson, of Braintree, his second wife. In his parish, Capt. Richard Bracket lived, an active and exemplary deacon in his church. Naturally enough, the minister’s son Joseph, and step-son Simon Crosby, found wives in the deacon’s family, and one Samuel Kinsley was equally fortunate. These sisters had twin brothers, John and Peter, and the five brothers and sisters all came to Billerica and formed as many homes here. John Bracket 28 : HISTORY OF BILLERICA. had another attraction here, as his wife was a daughter of William French. Thomas Foster, Daniel Shed, who married Ruth More, daughter of Golden, and Christopher Web, make up the Braintree families, most of whom were located south and east of the village. | Jobn Rogers came with John Stearns from Watertown, and Job Lane from Malden. He was the purchaser of the entire Winthrop Farm, which he divided by his will between his son, Col. John, and two grand-sons, Samuel Fitch and Mathew Whipple. His wife was the daughter of Rev. John Reyner, pastor of Plymouth and Dover, whose son John became his father’s colleague and successor. A few came from England direct to Billerica. Richard Daniel, ‘*Gentlemen,” as he is often called in the records, and mentioned with deference, bought the farm of the Cambridge Church of seven hundred acres and Samuel Champney’s farm of five hundred acres, in 1669. His wife was daughter of Sir John Pye; and about 1678 they returned to England. Edward Farmer came from Warwick- shire, ancestor of a notable family; and John Kittredge, whose descendants have been many and honorable, came in the service of John Parker, who is called his ‘‘master.” James Paterson was a Scotchman, of whom Savage says: ‘‘ He is one of only four or five that prospered here among the great crowd of romantic young followers in Scotland of Charles II, who in the bloody days * * of 1650 and 1651 were captured on the fields of Cromwell’s glory at Dunbar and Worcester, and transported to the colonies to be sold.” Several hundreds were brought to Boston. Paterson and Richardson married sisters, daughters of Andrew Stevenson, of Cambridge. Some years later another Scotchman, John Levistone, brought also good blood to Billerica. And if we could trace the connections of other names, as Bird, Dunkin, Durrant, Dutton, Fasset, Grimes, Haile, Kemp, Marshall, Sanders, Sheldon, and Trull, they would no doubt furnish points of similar interest. Facts like these taken separately have little interest; but group them and they show that the men and women who laid the founda- tions in Billerica were no random collection of adventurers. They ‘formed from the outset a community bound together by a network of ties which assured mutual sympathy and helpfulness. This was an essential condition of their success. Society is not a mere conglom- erate of individuals. Throw men and women together of diverse antecedents and inharmonious quality, and they will not be long in. falling out and going asunder. Many an ambitious and promising EIRST SETTLERS—LOCATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS. 929 attempt at planting a colony in America, and elsewhere, has made shipwreck for this reason. Plymouth and Massachusetts were more successful, because they sought carefully and held tenaciously such elements as could be moulded together, and repelled those which were foreign and discordant. And what was true of the colony was true of the town. Such a union of harmonious and desirable elements could not be had at short notice; and the delay of a few years, during which neighbors in Cambridge and Woburn were consulting and corresponding with the design of planting a company of settlers in the Shawshin wilderness, was well used in securing the growth and combination of such germs. It was better to make haste so slowly that the town might prove, as it did, homogeneous and successful. CHAPTER III. LAND DISTRIBUTION. THE equitable apportionment of the lands of the town among the settlers was a matter of sufficient importance and difficulty to engage much attention and tax their wisdom. ‘The whole town included, after its enlargement west of the Concord River, about thirty thou- sand acres. The adjustment of what the first settlers should receive, with wise reservations for later grants as others should join them, and for future distributions, must have been very carefully debated. Their territory embraced the three large grants to Mrs. Winthrop, Governor Winthrop, and Governor Dudley, (5,760 acres in all) ; one thousand acres reserved by the Church in Cambridge; five grants of five hundred acres each to Captain Gookin, Reverend Mr. Weld, Reverend Mr. Mitchel, President Dunster, and Mr. Collins; and other grants, to more than one hundred citizens of Cambridge, amounting to 10,300 acres. About two-fifths of the whole town only was really free and common land, open to the occupancy and disposition of the settlers, when they first came to Shawshin; but the subsequent grant from the General Court of eight thousand acres at Naticott enabled them, by purchase and exchange, to secure most ‘of the small Cambridge titles, and hold about eight thousand acres more for their own benefit and that of future proprietors. The Dudley Farm exerted a vital influence in giving shape to the settlement. Extending two and a half miles down the river from the Two Brothers, its north-east boundary fixed the position of the four hundred acres ‘granted by the Church in Cambridge for the Towneship,” or village part of the town, Charnstaffe Lane being the line between them. And the first settlement has the practical aspect of an agreement between the Woburn men who had bought the larger part of the ‘‘Farm,” and the Cambridge men who had received the Township grant. LAND DISTRIBUTION. B31 The Farm, containing fifteen hundred acres, was divided into twelve lots of one hundred and twenty-five acres each, and this number became the unit of measuring shares throughout the town. Each share was called a ‘ten-acre lot,’ and consisted of one hundred and thirteen acres of upland and twelve acres of meadow, and carried with it the right to ‘‘all town priviledges, after additions and divisions of land and meadow.” Only six proprietors held more than a single share. Ralph Hill had a twenty-eight-acre lot; his father and Elder Champney, twenty-five-acre lots; and Farley, French, and Stearns, twenty-acre lots. There were thirteen ten-acre lots, and thirty-six smaller: eight, six, five, and two-and- one-half-acre lots, the larger part being five acres. The twelve shares of the Dudley Farm were held: two and one-half, by Elder Champney; two, by John Stearns; one and one-half, by Ralph Hill, Sen. ; and one each, by William Chamberlain, George Farley, Lieut. William French, Ralph Hill, Jun., Henry Jefts, and Robert Parker. , It can hardly have been accidental that the rights on the Town- ship were granted by Cambridge in so nearly the same number of shares. Four Farm proprietors, Farley, Stearns, Ralph Hill, Jun., and Robert Parker, had also lots on the Township. Omitting these, the lots on the Township were also twelve in number. ‘Their owners were Jacob Brown, who soon sold to Stearns, John Baldwin, Jonathan Danforth, Captain Gookin, of Cambridge, a non-resident, James Kidder, John Marshall, Golden More, William Patten, John Rogers, John Trull, George Willice, and Reverend Mr. Whiting. Of this number, Baldwin only was a Woburn man; while but a single Cambridge man, French, had his home on the Farm. In the outset, the Township and the Farm thus nearly represented Cambridge and Woburn in the settlement, which proceeded on the basis of the following agreement between them :—! ‘\A TRANSCRIPT OF A COVENANT OR AGREEMENT BETWEEN THOS WHICH WERE PROPRIETORS VPON Mr. DUDLEY’S FARME AND THEY THAT WERE INHABITANCE ON Ye ‘TOWNSHIP, WHICH IS YET A STANDING ORDER IN THE TOWNE. “9. 9m. 1658. The proposition is as followeth :— “Tat such as either have already, or hereafter shall take up any alotment in the towne, (vpon grant,) shalbe equally, accommodated with 1See Grants, p. 169. 32 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. ' upland & meadow with thos vpon Mr. Dudley’s farme; to have the one-half of their lands about home, either adjoining to their house-lots, and, in case their benot suffetient for them there, then to have it made up vpon the first next convenient place. And as for their second divitions, ‘they shall have it laid out to them remote from the towne, acording as they have their second divitions, which are vpon Mr. Dudley’s farme. Provided allways, That all such persons takeing up such alotments shall contribute to them vpon Mr. Dudley’s farme (according to the proportion they shall take vp, whither a tenne-acre, eight, six, or five-acre lot, or any other proportion.) vutill they on Mr. Dudley’s farme have received half so much as their first purchase cost; and as for any moneys that shall come in to y® towne, vpon this account afterward, it shalbee disposed of to y® publick use of the towne, acording as y® towne shall order; all which payments shalbe made within two yeare after their perticular grants, and the first half within one yeare. Provided allways, That no person shall have any proportion more than a single share of Mr. Dudley’s farme. ‘“This was voted on y® affermitive & subscribed. ‘William ffrench. John Parker. John Rogers, Sen. John Poulter. Will” Pattin. Jonath. Danforth. Will™. Hamlett. John Marshall. Jacob Browne. John Baldwin. William Tay. Henery Jeiffs. John Sheldon. George ffarley. Golden More. Will”. Chamberline. James Kidder. John Sternes. “It was also, at y® same time, agreed vpon by y® towne: That a ten-acre lot on y* towneship, and a single share, or twelfe part of Mr. Dudley’s farme, should be equall, both civill and ecclesiasticall; and that all lesser grants (as an eight, six, or five-acre lot, or any other lesser or greater grants,) should all pay in proportion to their grants, to all publick charge as aforesaid.” In fulfillment of the agreement that the other inhabitants should pay to the Farm proprietors one-half of what it had cost them, we find the following :— *10:9:°59. Ye Rate for ye halfe payment of ye purchase. £ os. d. * Jonathan Danforth, * 2- 5-10 John ffrench, 2- 5-10 Willi Pattin, 1-16- 8 John Marshall, ’ 1- 7-6 John Baldwin, 1-16— 8 Daniel Shead, 1-16- 8 John Sheldon, 2- 5-10 Will Sheldon, 1~16~- 8 LAND DISTRIBUTION. 83. John Rogers, 1-16- 8 Willi Tay, 2- 5-10 Goldinge More, 2- 5-10 Jacob Browne, 1-16- 8 James Kidder, 2~- 5-10 John Poulter, 1-16- 8 Willi Hamlett, t 2- 5-10 Will’ Browne, 1-16- 8 James Paterson, 1- 7-6 Simon Burd. 2- 5-10 Tho: ffoster, 1-16- 8 Christopher Web, 1- 7- 6 John Gurney, 2- 5-10 Samuell Kinsley, 2- 5-10 Y° 6 acor Lott, 1- 7- 6 7 44-18- 4” The price of the Dudley Farm was one hundred and ten pounds: The balance of the fifty-five pounds, which would make up the half, was probably assessed on later purchasers in the town. The earliest settlers whose house-lots were on the common land of the town, or off the Township and the Farm, were William Hamlet and William Tay, in 1656. The grant to Hamlet exhibits the common form used, with slight variations, in case of all the early settlers; and I quote:— “They have granted to him and assignes forever, one tenne-acre lot, or one single share; that is, one hundred and thirtene acres of upland and twelve acres of meadow land, together with all towne priviledges, after additions and divitions of lands and meadows made or to be made, or granted by the towne, acording to any their towne orders, covenants, or agreements, to any-free denison amongst them, acording to y® proportion of a ten-acre lot, and on this account are the following grants.” His first grant is of fifty-six acres, more or less, ‘‘on the North-East corner of bare hill, and on y* south of hogrooten meadow.” ‘This meadow of unsavory name lies south-east of the Tompson or Tufts place, and the hill is between the Boston and Lexington Roads, south-east of the village, and east of Dr. Noyes’s house. Hamlet’s house must have stood near the Crosby place. Tay was on the west of the same hill, at Dr. Noyes’s place. The Braintree company came soon after, and, by 1660, had well occupied the line south and east of the village, along Loes? Plain as 2 Framlingham, in England, the native town of Danforth, was in “‘Loes Hundred.” He gave the name to the plain and a meadow south of Fox Hill, and extending as far as the Church Farm. 34 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. far as Fox Hill. North from the Township ran another line of the earliest farms, Paterson, Hubbard, Bird, Durrant, and Haile, who was near the Great Bridge, or Fordway, with Toothaker at the extreme point, the old Rogers place of a later day, by the canal. The allotment of the common lands to the, settlers began promptly, and it was almost one hundred years before this land fund was exhausted. The earliest assignments were made to several of the Township proprietors in Loes Plain; but the first general distribution was of meadow land, which was specially important and valuable, before clearing and culture had made higher grounds productive of the needed supply of grass for winter use. The Farm settlers did not share in this first meadow distribution, which was intended to equalize the ‘privilege ‘of the Township men with these Farm purchasers. There were twenty-one shares in the first distribution in 1658, in a total of only thirty-nine acres, and these were located in two places. The first lot began between Chelmsford line and Concord River, on the west side, and, running up the river through Broad meadow, the last of the thirteen lots was just south of the Great Brilge, or Fordway. The other eight lots of this first division of meadow began at the mouth of Long Pond, and, following the Alewife or Content’? Brook, the last lot, John Baldwin’s, was near Pattenville, and Danforth’s lot at the right hand of the Andover or Depot Road. The agreement for this division and the following stands thus : —* “It is agreed by the joynte consente of the Towne, that for the devition of meddows for the several inhabitants [?] to begin at the Lower end of the medow on the other side Concord [river] Next toward Patuckett at Chelmsford corner, and so upward to the [?] above the Bridge, and so to begin again at the pond below foxes hill, and so down Alewife brooke, and so to take the spanges of medow to the Colage meddow, and so down to Andover Line, and take all the meddow on both sides Shawshin river, to be devided by lott according as shall be adjudged by A com™itee, for what is rubish meddowe to be layed out quantitive, y' every man may be aco™idated alike, as nere as the said comittee can judge; the comitee apoynted for the meshuringe and Laying out the said meddow lands and Lots of uplande are “JONATHAN DANFORTH, [Other names torn off.] ‘“*(THENRY JE]FTES.” 5 The earliest name of this brook was “ Alewife.”” The plain beyond soon probably received the name “Content”; then the meadow, and before long brook, meadow, and plain were all “Content.” —¢ Records. Vol. I, p. 8 , LAND DISTRIBUTION. 35 “For the first devitions: y® devitiones of meddow to begin as afore- said, on the other side Concord river, soe upward; & from y* ponde down the brook to Content bridge; & so Lay out the several lotts, crosse the meddows on both sides the brook. The second devitione to begin on the South side of foxes Sees hill; soe taking all the spanges before vs untill we come of upland for prt. GOwnewarde upon Shawshin river, on both sides the river, of isla of to the Lower eande of the collage farme; then to extend : downewarde upon Shawshin river, on both sides the river, taking in all that is meadow before vs y* is in oT Boundes to Woeburne line, vntill we come to Alewife brooke, and so to run vp that brooke vntill we come to Contente bridge; then to extend from y® mouth of Alewife Brooke upon Shawshin river untill we come to heth Brook; then to take all the medow y* is on that Brooke, so far as there is any toward contente meddow; then to begin again where we left of upon the river, and so to’lay out the meddow, till we come at the mouth of Strongwater brooke, and so to Andover Boundes; then to take all before us who™ewards, untill we come at the great meadow; then to begin at the Bound pine upon Hors brook, between Andover and ot Towne, takeing all before us toward merimake river; and for such meddows as Lye in any man’s Alotment of upland, he shall [have it as part] of his first devition [of meddow], any nere meddow conven[ient to other] men, it is left with the Com[mittee to dis]pose of to acomidate such [persons with] the said meddows, (upon [ ?] as afore- said,) dividing them [with ?] equalitie, acordinge to ther [own] discretione, without respect of [persons]. “*It is agreed that the second lot in order shall begin at the stake at y® Lower end of Concord river meddow; and it is also agreed that the second devition of the several alotments of meddow shall be a third part of there proportione, and what is yet remaining shall be made up in the third devetione. ‘ ‘‘'The Lotts were drawne by the severall inhabitantes, whose Names are here underwritten, to the Number of T'wenty and three Lotts, besides the meddows for the minister; which Lots of meddow for the minister were joyntly agreed upon to be Layed out, in the firste place, acordinge to the best discretione of the Comittee apoynted for the worke. Ith. 2th. 8th. ‘William Tay drew : 2 13 23 Jacob Browne 3 15 13 Jonathan Danforth 20 7 3 Willi Patten 9 8 6 Will ffrench 17 16 22 James Kidder 5 11 4 Goldinge More 15 9 24 John Sheldon ll 5 10 John Rogers 22 6: 8 Will Hamlitt 23 22 18 John Poulter 21 4 19 36 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. John Baldwin 24 10 2 John Marshall 18 19 5 George Willowes 10 20 20 “9 lots drawn for by the Towne, that were then vndisposed of, and taken up since, as followeth: 3 ten-acre lots, and 3 8-acre lots, and 3 6-acre lots. ‘¢[10] acor lot Simon Bird. ‘(6 acojr James Paterson.” The second division began on the Shawshin below the College Farm, at a place called by the Records the ‘‘ willow spang” ; and including twenty-four lots on both sides the river, extended nearly to Strongwater Brook, or half way through Tewksbury. The third: division of meadow was made also in 1658, and, after assigning four lots farther down the Shawshin to Andover bounds, passed over to the great meadow south-east of Prospect Hill, which is a mile north of Tewksbury Junction, and follows the meadow on Strongwater Brook back to the Shawshin River again. This remote division was as large as the other two, and gave all the settlers an average of ten acres of meadow in the three widely separate fields. The conditions of this pioneer farming were certainly not the most attractive, when the Township farmer must travel three miles north one day, and four miles east the next, by roads which consisted mostly of blazed trees, to bring home the meadow hay, on which his cow and horse were to subsist when winter came. This process of taking possession of the’ wilderness, in the name and for the benefit of civilization, tested and developed the manhood of these brave men and women. The next general division consisted of upland; and the Farm proprietors shared with those on the Township. It was made in "1659, November, and included thirty-nine lots and forty persons ; Peter Bracket and Joseph Tompson holding in common the right of John Gurney, of Braintree. The Record describes this division as ‘‘in the great common field, on the East side of Concord river, below the great Bridge.” It began ‘‘at the little swamp next below the falls,” or a little south of North Billerica village, and extended ‘*down Concord river, towards Pawtucket, so far as the brook called Bacon brook,” which is just south of the Salem Railroad crossing of the Conéord River; ‘‘and the breadth of the said land to ly along as the cart-path that leads down towards Pawtucket,” near, if not identical with, the present highway. This division averaged LAND DISTRIBUTION. 37 twenty-two acres to each person, or eight hundred and eighty in all. When the line of Mrs. Winthrop’s farm was run, it was found to extend south of Bacon Brook, and cut off the north eight lots of this division. For these the owners received other lots near the head of Heath Brook in a plain called, no doubt for this reason, Recompense Plain. At the same time another important division was made, in which the Farm proprietors did not share. It is often referred to in the Records as the ‘‘second division.” Jt was ‘‘on the right hand of the way Leading toward gloab hill, by Shawshin River, and so joining to Shawshin River and the College farme on the southward part, and abutting on the ends of those Lots at Loose playne on the Weste; and in case there be not suffitient thare, then to take it between heath brook mouth and the highway before mentioned, and so come homeward again. And for the devition of the said lands, it is agreed it shall be devided into two devitions, until you come so far as ailwife brook, which deviding Line shall be about the middle of the Land between the above mentioned highway and Shawshin river, butting upon Loose playne and Ailwife brook. The Ist Lott . shall begin next Samuel Kinsley, his Lott, and so goe on until you come to Ailwife brook; then begin at the west end of the other part of the devition, and so goe on until you come to ailwife brook; then to begin beyond the brook and run from the highway to the river, and so goe on till you come to gloab hill; then returne homeward, between the highway and heath brook, if need be.” Globe Hill is near the Shawshin, in Tewksbury, and is probably the same on which the State Alms-house now stands; and the road named is the present highway through Pattenville. This description includes the territory between Loes Plain and Fox Hill on the west, the Shawshin meadows south-east, and the Church Farm south-west. The Rangeway, which separated the First’and Second Parts, as they were called, of this Second Division, began near the Asa Holden place, and passed the present fork in the roadg where Mr. James Page lives. The two rows of lots were laid right and left from it, towards the road and the river. The first row of nine lots began with Thomas Hubbard’s, south of Fox Hill, which passed very soon by his death to Samuel Manning. Others between the road and the Rangeway were Daniel Shed, William, Patten, James Kidder, Thomas Foster, James Paterson, John Baldwin, John Marshall, and John Parker, who also bought Marshall’s and owned a lot of eighty acres 38 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. near Pattenville. The second part of this division began farther south, near the Deacon Edmands place, and ran farther down the river, including seventeen lots. The twenty-six lots of this division included 1,198 acres, more or less. In 1663, December, another division of meadow land took place, " and was to all the inhabitants. It began in the remote south-west part of the town, now Carlisle; four lots had Chelmsford line north, and three were in Fort-wall meadow; which reached Concord line a mile beyond Carlisle villagé. Coming thence, homeward, three lots were in Fort meadow, as many in Brook meadow, ten in Treble-cove meadow, four on the Concord River, two’on the Pond Brook, four in Patch meadow, three in Long-hill meadow, one south-west of Gilson’s Hill, and the last three on the river again opposite the Township. These lots averaged two acres each, or eighty in all. A month later, in January, 1663-4, allotments of upland were made in several places to forty-five proprietors. Fifteen lots were in a field, beginning opposite the lower end of the Township, on the west side of Concord: River, and running down the river. Nine lots ran along the Shawshin on the east side, beginning at the College Farm; twelve were in the ‘‘pine plain beyond Content” Brook, or near the Tewksbury line; three were north of Fox Hill and Brook, east of Mr. Nason’s place; and six on the plain on this side of Strongwater Brook, as near as might be ‘‘to their own meadows there.” Grants made at various times and places, in this way, could not always satisfy the men who received them. One would prove less valuable or convenient than another, and in 1665, December, a committee was appointed to make a Gratuity Division, as it was called, or grants to various individuals, and exchanges with them for common land, such as equity called for, or would silence complaints. Thirty persons received such special grants; but Farley and Stearns had no share. as the committee ‘‘ Judge that their divitions on the Towneship, already laid out to them, is more than in proportion is granted to other men lying as ¢onvenient.” John Marshall has ‘two acres by his house instead of six elsewhere.” John Sheldon has ‘‘3 acres & 33 pole joining to his east line of his home lot, or else 10 acres, at foxes.” John Kittredge ‘‘one-third part of five acres, adjoyning to the South side of his house-lot, & he is content,” and soon. James Kidder received two and a half acres taken from the highway north of his house-lot, now West Street. LAND DISTRIBUTION. 39 In the winter of 1665-6, a large meadow lying north-east of Prospect Hill was divided into forty-two lots, and granted to as many persons. In this division it was agreed that there should be no allowance of ‘‘ quantity for quality,” such as had been common. Another distribution was made at the same time, with the privilege to each man of choosing where his lot should lie, the quantity being one and one-quarter acres to each ten-acre lot. Seven chose lots west of Concord River, near the Great Bridge, and fourteen accepted Heath meadow for forty acres, holding it in common, and subject to such future division as they might agree upon. The last general division of land which was made before 1685 took place in January, 1665-6. It was a meadow division, located ‘‘in the great meadow North-East of Prospect Hill,” and near Andover. The following condition was attached to this action :— “It is agreed by y° Joirit consent of the Towne, before the alotments of the northerly medow at Prospect Hill, that in case Cambridge men shall recover any meadow in our precincts, in reference to their lots in this Towne bounds, granted them by Cambridge, that then they shall have it in this northerly meadow; and then the alotment of this meadow shall be a nullity, vnlesse the towne shall see cause to satisfy such persons (whose alotments shalbe taken away) in some other place, to their content.” In other words, they did not intend, if the troublesome Cambridge claims could not be adjusted and were enforced upon them, to permit their ‘location in any of the near and, to them, more desirable parts of the town. The Record proceeds: ‘‘ We do agree that y° northerly meadow at Prospect Hill shalbe alotted acording to towne order, to y* wholl inhabitance concerned therein; and for the order of the lying of y° said alotments, we do agree that there shalbee first a dividing line, from this end of the meadow to y* further end, rufiing as convenient as may be about y* middle of the meadow; and the first lot shall ‘begin at this hither end, on y® left hand or west side of y* dividing line, and so take y™ in order going round, coming homeward on the East side of the meadow, so that y® last and y° first lot will lye neer east and west of each othere. ‘‘Further we do agree that in this divition tele shalbee noe consideration of allowing quantity for quality to any person. Also, it was agreed that Joseph Tomson and John Bracket should have liberty to draw one lot for both their proportions. 40 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. ‘* At the same meeting y® alotments drawne were as followeth : — 1. William Haile. 22... John Durrant. 2. John Sternes. 23. James Frost. 3. John French. 24. John Kitteridge. 4. Christopher Web. 25. Simon Bird. 5. Thomas Pattin. 26. James Paterson. 6. Thomas Willice. 27. Daniell Sheed. 7. John Baldwin. 28. Simon Crosbee. 8. John Rogers, Sent. 29. Nath: Hill. 9. John Shildon. 2 30. Samuel Chamne. 10. Eld™ Chamne. 31. Will™ Chamberline. 11. John Poulter. 32. Will™ Hamlet. 12. Capt. Bracket. 33. John Marshall. 13. Samuel Maning. 34. Thomas Foster. 14. Peter Bracket. 35. Will™ Tay. 15. Jonath: Danforth. 36. ‘Thomas Paine. 16. Mr. Whiting. 37. Golden More. 17. Jacob French. 38. Ralph Hill. 18. John Parker. 39. William French. 19. John Bracket. 40. John Trull. Joseph Tomson. 41. Samuel Kemp. 20. Ben: Parker. 42. James Kidder. 21. George Farley. 43. Henery Jeiffs. “It was agreed that John Trull’s allotment in y* above named meadow should be put out, Because he had above his just pro- portion in heeth brook meadow.” This division included about forty acres. Mr. Danforth was to divide, measure, ‘‘make a plott of, and record the whole,” for forty and two shillings; and persons concerned, who did not ‘‘ seasonably attend” to the laying out of their own lots, were to pay ‘‘ ninepence a person to those that do y® work.” This account of the distribution of lands in Billerica, in the beginning, would be far from complete without notice of the large grants and farms, held under Cambridge titles, in the south-east part of the town. The largest of these was the farm reserved by the Church in Cambridge for its special use, when it permitted the whole town to assume practical possession of the larger part of Shawshin. It consisted of seven hundred acres lying north of the Woburn Road, and extended from Woburn line to the south-east line of Mr. Hart’s land on the west. Its north-east line may still be seen west of the river, a distinct ditch and ridge, with a wall in some places, which two hundred and twenty years have not made even obscure. Here LAND DISTRIBUTION. 41 John Parker lived, certainly foremost in many respects among the earliest settlers. The remainder of the thousand acres constituting the Church Farm was located north of Fox Hill, and took name from that fact as ‘‘Fox Farm.” Mr. Daniel bought both parts. He subsequently sold the larger part to Richardson and Walker, and the Fox Farm to Joseph Davis, in whose family the place remained for about one hundred and fifty years, North-east of the Church Farm, down the Sistas and mostly on the east side of it, was the College Farm. Our Records do not describe its bounds; but a plan, by Danforth, is preserved in the archives of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Whether it formed a part of the grant to President Dunster, or was an independent grant to Harvard College, does not appear. It was sold about 1750 to William Gleason. In the other direction, above the Church Farm, and with the same extent east and west, was the farm of five hundred acres, granted to Deacon Edward -Collins, and sold by him to Elder Champney. It was occupied till 1669 by his son Samuel, who sold it to Richard Daniel; and it was here that Mr. Daniel lived, south of the Woburn Road, near Shawshin River. Above this farm, President Henry Dunster, of Harvard College, had another five-hundred-acre farm, which he sold, 10 May, 1655, to Francis and John Wyman, of Woburn, for one hundred pounds; and beyond was Daniel Gookin’s grant of five hundred acres, near the mouth of Vine Brook, and mostly east;of the river. Mr. Mitchel, pastor of the Cambridge Church, had also a five-hundred- acre grant south-east of Gookin. All these grants, except Mr. Mitchel’s, bound on Woburn line; and this reached ‘‘ somewhat above the falls,” in Bedford. Beyond was the three-hundred-acre farm of Edward Oakes, sold by him in 1661 to George Farley and the Ralph Hills, father and son. This probably reached the Concord line. Another farm known as the Oakes Far:a consisted of one hundred and fifty acres, given to Captain Gookin in exchange for his lot on the Township, and by him sold to Thomas Oakes. It included the Bedford Springs. West of all these was Job Lane, who coming from Malden had purchased, 2 August, 1664, Governor Winthrop’s large grant -(already-described) of his grandson, Fitz John Winthrop, of Connecticut, ‘and lived probably at the Dutton place. 42 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Billerica had also certain land-grants and dealings beyond her own bounds which furnish an important chapter of her early history. The small grants which Cambridge had made in the bounds of Shawshin, numbering more than one hundred and embracing ten thousand acres, were found not easy to dispose of in a way that would not. embarrass the settlement. ‘They were not valuable and attractive enough to draw many of these Cambridge families here to occupy them; but the owners would naturally seek to make as good a sale of them as they could. While these rights were thus held in suspense, the chance that they might be enforced in some unwelcome form would embarrass the measures of the settlers, and make the rights in Billerica less attractive to persons who might otherwise purchase and settle here As a measure of relief from this difficulty, application was made to the General Court for a grant of lands elsewhere, which met with favor, a3 follows :—° ‘In ans’ to the peticon of the inhabitants of Billirrikey, this Court doth graunt the toune of Billirrikey eight thousand acres of lands, for the ends desired, in any place or places that are ffree. & not capeable of making a toune, provided that the sajd lands be laid out before the next Court of Election, and that the inhabitants of Cambridg doe accept thereof & disingage the lands desired at Billirikey, & also that the toune of Billirrikey be seted w't twenty familyes at least w'bin three yeares, y‘ the ordinances of God may be setled & encouraged in the sajd place of Billirikey; & it is ordered, yt Majo" Willard, Capt. Edw. Johnson, Mr. Edward Jackson, or any two of them, wt Thomas Danforth. or any other surveyor, shall lay y* same out at the peticoners charge, making retourne to the next Court of Election.” Jonathan Danforth, the younger brother of Thomas, was not then as well known to the General Court as he became in later years, and to him fell the task of locating this eight thousand acres. Beyond Chelmsford he had the whole Merrimack Valley to choose from, or even the Connecticut and Champlain Valleys, if it had suited Billerica’s profit to go so far. The survey which he made, and returned through the above Committee, on which the location was finally sanctioned, is fortunately still preserved, in the office of the Secretary of State ;° and on this authority some facts long forgotten have recently come to light, and we are able to reclaim our own. As described and approved by the Court,’ it was located as follows: 5 Colonial Records. Vol. IV, Part i, p. 269. ° Ancient Maps and Plans. Vol. II. Index: “Billerica.” 7 Colonial Records. Vol. IV, Part i, p. 302. LAND DISTRIBUTION. 43 ‘‘Layd out to the vse of the inhabitants of Billirrikey, eight thousand acres of land, lying vpon Merremacke Riuer, on both sides thereof, taking in the trucking howse now inhabitted by J=°. Cromwell, the sajd land being lajd out about sixe thousand three hundred acres, on the East side the riuer, and about seventeene hundred and fivety acres on the west side the sajd riuer, and is bounded by the wildernes surrounding the same. as is demonstrated by a plott thereof, taken and made by Jonathan Danforth, survejor, and exhibbited to this Court by Major Symon Willard and Capt. Edward Johnson, appointed by this Court, Octob. 14, 1656, to lay out the same. ‘SYMON WILLARD. ‘\ EDWARD JOHNSON.” ‘*The Court allowes & approoves of the retourne of these co™issioners in reference to the land herein expressed. —1657, May 15.” This survey was the earliest ever made, it is safe to say, in the Merrimack Valley beyond Chelmsford, and is the starting point in the history of Dunstable. The location was in a part of the valley commonly called Naticook, but which Danforth spells ‘‘ Naticott.” The name was derived from a little brook which, according to Fox,® comes into the Merrimack on the west, ‘‘just above Thornton’s ferry.” The grant began at the Penichuck Brook, which forms the north bound of Nashua, and extends on the west of the river as far north as the Souhegan River. Then it follows the Merrimack nearly a mile, passing* two islands, the larger of which received the surveyor’s name ‘‘ Jonathan,” then runs eastward two or three miles and southward five or six, returning to its starting point. This Naticott grant remained for a year in the hands of Billerica, when John Parker received authority to dispose of it. (Grants, page 7.) “9th, 6m., 1658. It is jointly agreed by vs, the inhabitance of Billerica, That John Parker hath given to him (by the towne) full power to make sale and give assurance of that eight thousand acres of land granted to us, and for our use, by the Hono" Generall Court, which land, lyeth at Natticott, upon merimack River. And we do hereby, fully, clearly, and absolutely give up our whole interest, right, and title in the same unto the ‘aforesaid John Parker, to make sale of and dispose of as he shall see good for himself & his assigns. Provided always, that the aforesaid John Parker “shall purchase, for y® vse & behoofe of the Towne of Billerica aforesaid, all the severall lotts, to the vallue of eight thousand acres, (granted by the towne of Cambridge to their inhabitance,) which grants are already entered in their towne booke, which land lyeth within the bounds and limits of our towne. * * And in case any of yé proprietors of the aforesaid alotments 8 Dunstable, p. 10. 44 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. shall refuse to sell or give them, then the said John shall returne vuto the towne of Billerica six pence per acre for so many acres as shall remain unpurchased, to y® vallue of (or short of the number of) eight thousand acres, which money shall remain to Public Towne use.” € Fourteen names are subscribed: Jonathan Danforth, William French, Samuel Chamne, Ralph Hill, Sen., John Baldwin, John Rogers, Sen., Ralph Hill, Jun., George Farley, Henery Jeiffs, Willm. Patten, Will™ Chamberline, John Sternes, John Marshall, John Shildon. 2 A month later Parker had sold the land, and agrees with the town as follows :— ‘¢[ 2] day of the 7 month, 1658. “This present Writing witnesseth, that I, John Parker, doe hereby yngadge to purchase & clere y® severall lotts to y® vallue of 8,000 acors, belonging to Cambridge, Lying in o* Towne boundes, vizt., of ye Towne of Billerica, excepting y® farmes Lying on Shawshin River, and the farmes given by Cambridge, to the two brothers, the Okses, yt is to say, Edward & Thomas Okes, for & in consideration of the su™ of two Hundred.pounds received by me of Mr. William Brenton for the 8,000 avors of land granted to the aforesaid ‘Towne of Billericay. Lying at Naticot; which was given to o" Towne of Billericay by the Genrall Courte, for the disingadging of the Lands aforesaide; and I, y® said John Parker, doe also ingadge to bare all the charges, past or shall be, for Laying out the 8,000 acors, or any the charges concerning the purchasing the said Lotts, and also to be by me procured a deed of sale for the use and in the behoofe of the towne of Billericay aforesaid, acording to the Law of the Country; and what lands shall appear not to be clered, by gift or sale, from the said inhabitantes of Cambridge to y® Number aforesaid, I doe promise to returne to the towne and for the towne’s use, 6p. p’ an acor, for so many acors as shall appear not to be assurance made of, as aforesaid; for performance of the same, I doe hereby binde myselfe, my heires, and Assignes, to o* ''owne aforesaid, firmly by these presents. Witness my hand the day and yeare above Written. “JOHN PARKER.” “*2:5:1660. ‘The town did order John Parker to bring in an account to the town concerning” [remainder worn].® ‘ William Brenton, who bought the Naticott land of Billerica, was a Boston merchant and leading business man: often one of the Selectmen. He removed soon after this date to Rhode Island, and was Governor of that Colony in 1666-8, and died in 1674. ®The above original agreement with Parker has been preserved, and was recently discovered, as a loose slip, in the First Volume of Billerica Records. ae faa LAND DISTRIBUTION. 45 Litchfield, which was taken from Dunstable and incorporated in 1724, was known as ‘‘Brenton’s Farms.” John Farmer surmised that he had an early grant of land there, and other writers have accepted the theory and repeated it as history. Our Records have fortunately preserved the true account of the matter and demonstrate that the Naticott grant, the earliest in New Hampshire west of Rockingham County, was made to Billerica. One circumstance connected with the Naticott grant is interesting, and may be noticed here. ‘‘'The trucking howse now inhabitted by John Cromwell” was found by Danforth, when making his survey in the winter of 1656-7, just above Thornton’s Ferry, on the west of the river, and is entered there on his plot returned to the Court. These houses for trade with the Indians, pushed on beyond the line of settlements, were a feature of the early life of New England. Probably our mysterious Shawshin House belongs to this class. But the man who lived at Naticott in 1656 must have been much the earliest English inhabitant of all that part of New Hampshire, and as Billerica found him there she owes recognition to his memory. Tradition has been busy with his name, but as some of the reports have been wide of the truth, we may suspect others are fabulous. The tale has been that he had a house first in Tyngsborough and later at Thornton’s Ferry; that in his Indian traffic he used his hand and foot for weights, incurring the hate of the red men, until they came, burnt his house, and would have killed him; but, getting a hint of their coming, he just escaped, before his flight burying money and treasure, which was found many years after in Tyngs- borough; all which has been said to be ‘‘as early as 1665.” The facts which are proved are, that Cromwell was living at Thornton’s Ferry in 1656; and that, two or three years later, he purchased of Capt. Edward Johnson a grant of three hundred acres of land, made to him in 1658, and situated just north of the Nacook or Howard Brook in Tyngsborough. To this place Cromwell removed, built a house large for the time and had a large store, but soon died in 1661. His inventory, in the handwriting of John Parker, is preserved. It was taken in January, 1661-2, and embraces household, farming, and trading stock, such as suggest no cecent Indian raid, and could hardly have been gathered there save by a wealthy madman, which he plainly was not, in the face of danger of such attack. Any later discovery of buried treasure cannot be used to reproach his memory, for he died in his bed, and 46 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. would not have left his widow in need of it, to mortgage and loose the place there, as she was compelled to do. His wife was Salome, daughter of William Batcheller, of Charlestown, and he left two sons, John and Benjamin, and a daughter, Rebecca, who were living in 1702. It is not certain that Cromwell was a model Puritan; but the case against his memory is shadowy, and he is entitled to the benefit of the doubt. He was an active, enterprising man, as the pioneer at that day in the Merrimack Valley needed to be. The ‘pound weight” story is charged to various men, and more than doubtful in any case; and it is not clear that John Cromwell is not entitled to honorable remembrance, or that he brought any reproach upon the great family name which he bore. The result of Parker’s negotiations with the Cambridge propri- etors took shape in an instrument known in the Records (p. 137) as ‘tour great deed.” I quote, omitting technical and immaterial portions :—” “BILLERICA: ‘DEED OF THEIR TOWNE FROM CAMBRIDGE PROPRIETORS. ‘““We whose names are subscribed, for sundry good consideracons, vs thereunto moving, and for valluable consideracon to us respectively payd * have sold * vynto the Inhabitants of Billerica * * and such others as shall from time to time be by them admitted as free denizens of the said place, & to the enjoyment of the priviledges thereof, all o" respective rights & interest therein or vnto any part or parcell of the said land, now called by the name of Billerica, al? Shawshin * * (only excepting & reserving our Joynt & respective interests that any of us have in the farme, wherein John Parker now dwelleth, co™only called by the name of the Churches farme, i.e., the church at Cambridge, with free liberty on all the co™ons of the said place, for the Inbabitants on the said farme, from time to time, for herbage, timber, & firewood. as any other of the Inhabitants, and a Joynt interest therein, together with the said Towne and inhabitants thereof). To have & tohold * * Provided always, this instrum is to be vnderstood of every man’s engagem to be only for & in the behalfe of himselfe, his own heires * * & no further or other. In witness whereof wee have put to ot hands and seals this 25th day of March, Anno Dom. 165(?).” The last figure is torn off in the original, but should probably be ‘*9.” The Deed was not recorded until 1671, and it must be a slip of the recorder’s pen which makes the year 1650. One of the signers, Martha Bradshaw, did not acquire that name by 10 Parchment Deed in Town Archives. LAND DISTRIBUTION. 47 her marriage until 1665, and it is probable that several years passed before all these signatures were obtained. The names of the signers may be found on pages 13 and 14, being those not starred in the list there given. One other important grant to Billerica enters into our early history. In the Records of the General Court for 1661, May 22, we find the following :— ‘‘In ans" to the petition of the inhabitants of Billerikey, the Court, having considered of this petiton, together with the petiton of Mr. Deane Winthrope for laying out the lands graunted his mother, & being certainly informed that the toune of Billerikey is a hopeful plantation, & that they have & doe encourage & mainteine the ministry amongst them, & have waded thr° many difficultjes in purchasing much of theire land, & never had so much as one-third part of lands graunted them by this Court, as other villages ‘inferiot to them have had, doe therefore graunt the sajd toune fower thousand acres of land, in such place or places where they can find it win this jurisdiction, for the redemption of the sajd lands, provided it shall not pjudice a plantation or any former graunt; & that Capt. Edward Johnson, Thomas Addams, w'* Jonathan Danforth, surveyor", be appointed to lay it out & make returne to the next Court of Elections.” The disposition which Billerica made of this four thousand acres was as follows (Grants, pp. 3 and 11) :— ‘They do grant to him, y® said Jonath. Danforth, with his father-in- law, John Parker * * joyntly and together, one thousand acres of land in the wilderness, which land is part of that 4,000 acres which was granted,” etc. * * ‘‘on condition that they the aforesaid John & Jonath. shall be at all cost & charges in and about discovering & laying out of the whole 4,000 acres,” ete. “They do grant to * * John Parker 3,000 acres of land more, which was y¢ remainder of that 4,000 acres formerly spoken of, all which lyeth up & downe in the wildernesse * * for & in consideration of forty pounds sterling, which the said John was to pay to Mr. Samuel Whiting, our minister, & for satisfaction in full for charges due to y® said John about building of our meeting house. And also upon the validdity of this grant, the said John Parker * * stands bound & ingaged to the Towne of Billerica, that he * * shall purchase & procure, in the behalf of & for the use of the Towne * 500 acres of land & upward, lying on the West of Concord river, that is to say, that wholl farme which was some- time in y* possession of Mr. Thomas Weld, of Roxbury * * and make it sure to them according to law.” This four-thousand-acre grant was thus used to secure for Billerica three things: Two-thirds of Mr. Whiting’s salary for 48 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. the year 1662; the completion of their first meeting-house; and a good title to the Weld Farm of five hundred and thirty acres of land, which lay along the Concord River on the west side, beginning nearly opposite the Two Brothers. Of this four thousand acres, one thousand were given to Danforth and Parker for expense of discovery and survey of the remainder. The Records of the Court do not show where this land was located. The remaining three thousand acres were located in three places. The first and largest fraction was in what became Dunstable. The description of it is found in the deed to Thomas Brattle,-executed 1662, July 16, and signed by John Parker, Jonathan Danforth, and Thomas Henchman, of Chelmsford. They sell ‘‘1,600 acres more or less,” and *‘in the wilderness on the west side Merrimack river, upon forrest-field hill and Salmon brooke, beginning at the South west corner of Mr. Samuel Cole’s last grant, & is bounded by him on the east.” [His farm of four hundred acres was on Merrimack River, at and beyond Tyngsborough depot.] ‘‘Edward Cowell’s farm South west,” [which consisted of two hundred acres and began at Mashapoag Pond,] ‘‘and elsewhere by marked trees.” ‘Thomas Brattle, the purchaser, was a leading Boston merchant, and one of the wealthiest men in the Colony. His son, Thomas, was Treasurer of Harvard College and founder of Brattle Street Church. The father was the first signer of the petition in 1673 for the incorporation of Dunstable. Like Brenton he has also been credited with a ‘‘grant” of his large farm in Dunstable, and the fact that it was originally Billerica land has been forgotten. When he procured a deed from the Indians, as he did in 1671, confirming his title, the tract is said to-contain two thousand acres. It included the present village of Dunstable.. The second part of this grant was located as follows :—" ; “1663, 6, June. _“*Lajd out to the toune of Billirrikey one parcell of land conteining eight hundred acres. more or lesse, lying in the wildernesse on the north side of Merremacke Riuer, begining at the southeast angle of Mr. Dummers farme & being bounded vpon him twenty two pole; also bounded by Mr. Webb’s farme (which joynes to him there) thirty five pole (vpon his northeast corner) westward. & sixty fower pole southward; from thence it runns in a long spruise swamp, about half a point aortiwardl of the east, fower hundred & eight pole; then rufiing in a streight ljne from thence to Long Pond; being partly bounded by that pond and partly by Mr. Batters 4 Colonial Records, Vol. IV, Part ii, p. 79. LAND DISTRIBUTION. 49 farme at this end of the pond. which line, in all, is fiue hundred & fower pole; from thence it runnes almost due west to another pond. called by the Indians, Mascuppet, vnto a great rocke, called by the English, Tray Table Rocke; on the northwest it is bounded by Mascuppet Pond and another little pond vntill you come to Mr. Dumer’s line, where wee began, all which is more fully demonstrated by a plott taken of the same. This eight hundred acres is part of the fower thousand w“ was lately graunted to the toune of Billirikey, & there remains only fiue hundred yet.to lay out to the whole graunt. rs By JONATHAN DANFORTH, Surveyor. “EDWARD JOHNSON. THO: ADDAMS. **The Court allowes of this retourne.”’ Mascuppet Pond is called Tyng’s Pond on the modern maps; and this location can be ‘easily traced in the west part of Dracut, including a portion of Tyngsborough. When and to whom this land was sold, I have not discovered. The remaining five hundred acres were located by the General Court, as follows :—” 1667, Oct. 9. **Lajd out to Billirrica fiue hundred acres of land in the wildernesse,, on the north side of Merremack Riuer & on the East side of Beavar Brook, a little below Patuckett. It is bounded on the south & on the southeast wholly by lands formerly graunted to Richard Russell, Esq., and on the west by the aforesaid Beavar Brook, elsewhere by the wildernesse. The line on the east side of it is one hundred ninety sixe pole in length, rufiing halfe a point westward of the north w* is exactly the continuance of the long line on the east side of Mr. Russell's farm; also both the lines on the north side of it are exactly paralell to the lines on the south side of it, the most northerly of which is one hundred & sixty pole long & runns halfe a point westward of the most southwest; the other lines runns two degrees westward of the southwest & by south fower hundred eighty & seven pole, w* closeth to the brook, all which are sufficiently bounded by markt trees & pillars of stone. The form thereof is more fully declared on the other side, by a plott taken of the same. **By JONATHAN DANFORTH, Surveyor. ‘The Court allowes and approves of this retourne aboue mentioned.” Beaver Brook comes into the Merrimack from the north in Lowell ; and this tract of five hundred acres was held for exchange and was at last exchanged for the similar ‘‘farm,” on the west side of the 12 Colonial Records. Vol. IV, Part ii, p. 352. 50 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Concord River, which had been early granted to Reverend Mr. Weld, of Roxbury. This farm extended down the river from the Allen grant, which became a part of the Blood’s farms. Probably the Weld Farm was never exactly located. The town had assumed possession and granted portions of it long before the title was finally transferred. Parker’s death occurred before he had completed this part of his engagement, and it was not until 1694, March 6, that deeds were exchanged with Mr. Palsgrave Alcocke, of Roxbury, who then held the Weld Farm title; he receiving the five hundred acres of land above described. Mr. Alcocke previously owned the grant of sixteen hundred acres to Mr. Russell, which lay between. the Billerica land and Merrimack River. It appears from this survey of Billerica’s ancient possessions, that the villages of Bedford, Carlisle, Tewksbury and North Tewks- - bury, Dunstable, Merrimac, and Litchfield, are all located on land which once belonged to this town. CHAPTER IV. THE STORY AS TOLD IN THE RECORDS. Tue Records of Billerica furnish the warp and much of the woof of its history. As a whole, they have. been well made and very « well preserved. Their publication in a full and literal transcript, for at least the first hundred years, would be a useful contribution to the history of New England, and have great local value. To guard against the possibility of future loss, the town would be wise in printing them, and it is perhaps not out of place here to commend this important question to the intelligent consideration of its citizens. : During the early years, it will be expedient to quote the Records extensively ; and a description of these volumes, their character and contents, may properly introduce this chapter. : The town has been fortunate in the services of intelligent and careful clerks. Danforth, after Parker, was clerk for twenty-one years, 1665-86, and gave character to the system, which remained substantially unchanged for two hundred years. Few records made today are as clear and easy to read as are those of Danforth. And a peculiarity of his method, for which those who consult the Billerica Records may be grateful to his foresight, is found in the separation of the records of births, marriages, and deaths, from those of current town action, and their arrangement in special volumes; not chronologically, as was usually the case, but by families. By this method, with the aid of the alphabetical index, the record of any family as far as it was made can be found fully and immediately. ~ These Town Records consist of : — I. The series of volumes recording current town action. II. Two volumes of land-grants. 52 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. III. Successive volumes of births, marriages, and deaths. Of the Records proper, Volume I has lost its binding and three leaves, or six pages. Fortunately, the first leaf has been preserved, the missing leaves containing pages 3-6; but portions of these pages were transferred to the Book of Grants, and very little is really lost. The Reverse of Volume I contains seventy-eight pages, mostly devoted to record of the earliest land-grants, the substance of which was also transcribed in the volume of land- grants. The first leaf, or two pages, of th's Reverse of Volume I is missing, and we have no clue to its contents. Pages three, six, and seven, of the Reverse, are specially important, as they contain Parker’s earliest record of the births, marriages, and deaths, prior to 1660. ‘These were transcribed by Danforth in the new volume which he soon after began; but the copy contains one important error, and the existence of this earlier authority has been commonly overlooked. ‘The original agreement with Mr. Whiting is also found on page 4 of the Reverse; a copy being also in ‘+ Land-Grants,” page 67. Volume I extends to 1685; Volume II, to 1706; Volume III, to 1749; Volume IV, to 1780; and Volume V, to 1796. All these volumes except the first are substantially bound, and nothing appears to have been lost from them. For more than a hundred years they record not only town action, but also that of the selectmen, and the disbursements of the treasurer. The tax-lists were unfortunately not recorded until 1733, but, after that date, the series is continuous. Prior to 1733, the only list which has been preserved is the ‘‘minister’s rate” of 1663. ° Two volumes are occupied with land-grants. The first Book of Grants was prepared by Danforth in 1665. In it, he was instructed to transcribe all previous grants which had not become void; and, after a careful examination by individuals, it was ratified by the town, and pronounced authoritative: All later grants to 1685 were entered in this volume, which is mostly in Danforth’s fine hand- writing, and is certainly one of the best preserved and handsomest volumes of records, two hundred years old, to be found. The Grants are arranged under the name of the recipient, and the alphabetical index makes it easy to trace the possessions of each inhabitant. The volume contains also the ‘‘ Whiting agreement,” descriptions of the more important early roads, and some of the early covenants and ‘‘standing orders.” Volume II of the Land-Grants. continues THE STORY AS TOLD IN THE RECORDS. 53 the record after 1685. It contains a larger number of highway descriptions, and is almost entirely in the good handwriting of Oliver Whiting, who was town clerk 1704-23. The third series consists, prior to 1850, of four volumes, con- taining ‘‘ Births, Marriages, and Deaths.” The first was prepared by Danforth in 1665, as above suggested, and continued in use until about 1730. But in the later years, after 1700, the number of entries falls off, in a way which suggests that the record was much less complete than it had been while Danforth kept it: The difficulty in tracing many family lines during this period strengthens this probability that the record was imperfect. The second volume was prepared in 1730, and a large part of the contents of Volume I . was copied in it. But the transcript was not complete, and it was probably the design to omit all families the representatives of which were not still resident in town. For this reason the Bedford families do not appear. The Third Volume came into use about 1790 and continued until 1844, when it was displaced by a thin volume, used for ten years, following the chronological, and not the family, order. In 1855, the system was changed again by the State, and separate volumes are used for births, marriages, and deaths, each with a second index volume. Whoever has occasion to trace a family through this period must explore six volumes, and if his experience is like this compiler’s, he will sigh for the simplicity and convenience of the earlier system of Danforth. The earliest record is as follows. A few words obliterated in the margin are supplied in brackets. ‘¢[ ?] November, 1654. “«Sertin Orders made by vs the present inhabitantes of the Towne of Billericey, for y* weall of y* [town]: “yy, [That wh]at person or pefsons soever [shall] propound them- selves to be [inhabi]tantes amongste vs, to p'take of [the pr]iviledges of the comons, devitions [of la]ndes, &c., if not known to vs, he or they shall bring with them a certificate from the place from whence they come, such a testimony as shall be ‘satisfactory to ot towne, or select p'sons of the same, before they shall be admitted as inhabitants amongste vs, to p'take of any priviledges as aforesaid with vs; and after their Admission they shall subscribe their names to all the orders of the Towne, with o'selves, yt are or shall be made for the public good of the place, as also,for baring vp their proportions in all publique charges, in Church, Towne, or comon weall, with those persons that came vp at the first, and so shall have their priviledges in equall proportion, 54 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. “‘2ly, Summering Kattell. That no person whatsoever that hath any propriety in the place, either by purchase, Lease, or other wayes, shall keepe any kattell in the summer time but such as the keepe of ther o[ wn] or for there owne use with[out the] consente of the Towne, [any] kattell so taken to be cepte [not according] to this order, he or they shall forfeit for every [offense] shillings to be payed to the [town]. ‘+3ly, Swine. That no person shall keepe any [swine] but his owne without the consente [of] the towne; and every swine of [one year] old and upwards shall be suffit[iently] ringed from year to year, and every swine that goeth [un-]ringed one day after due warninge given by any Neibour, he shall forfeit [?] pence, y® one-halfe to the Towne and the other halfe to the informer, and that all swine that goe unyoaked from the first of April to the last of September and doe damage, they shall pay for y* damage acordinge to Law. ‘¢dth, Lots to be inhabited within a yere. That what person soever takes up any aceomida[tions] in this place for propriety” * * * ‘* Laying out his house lott” * * * [The remainder of this paragraph must be inferred from the caption.] ‘*[liy] If any person shall leave any wood or ‘Timber lying anywhere on the coman Lande above the full time of twelve months, it shall be forfeit, and free for any man y* is an inhabitant to take [ ?] for his owne use, excepting all such wood or timber as is fallen for the publique use of the Towne. “2ly, It is ordered that if any man fall [any wood] or timber in any p't of the comons belonging to this towne, he shall pay five shillings p* tree for every tree, or five shillings p" Loade every Loade, so carried away into any other towne boundes to be improved, without the consente of the Towne. “3ly, It is ordered that for hoppoles, if any person doe fall any on ot comons, as aforesaide, and cary or sell them to be made use of in any other towne, as aforesaide, they shall forfeit for every hundred of poles the sume of twenty shillings; all which forfetures shall be taken up by the constable then being, from time to time, for the use of the towne.” “9: Imo 1658. It is ordered and joyntly agreed, that such as either haue already or hereafter shall take vp any Alotments in the toune vpon grant from the toune shall be equally acomidated with those vpon Mr. Dudley’s farme, no person exceeding a twelfth prt of the saide farme, which is one hundred and thirteen acors of vplande and twelve acors of meddow, which [is] granted a ten acor Lott. and so in [proportion] to others that haue eight or six [or fiue] acor Lotts: the inhabitants that doe [take up] alotments of the toune as aforesaid [shall pay] to the purchasers of the aforesaid farme of Mr. Dudley, he that takes vp [ten] acors for his house lott the one halfe of what a twelfth p't of the said farme at the first did cost of the aforesaid Mr. Dudley: which 12% prt is usually called a single share; which pay is to be made by those that take vp ten acors for a house Lott, as aforesaid, and so others acording to ther proportions and at such times as is agreed vpon and written in a paper written the day and THE STORY AS TOLD IN THE RECORDS. 55 yere aboue specified. the times of payment is, the one halfe the next yere after the [alotment} and the other halfe the yere [after] that first payment, in corne [ ?] currant and merchantable.” The remainder of the second page is torn off, and the next four pages are missing: Page seven begins with the following, which is numbered ‘‘ 7,” implying that it is one of a series of ‘‘orders.” The contents of the first six orders can be only conjectured. ‘“‘TIt is agreed by the town] that for the raysinge publique charges, shall continue in the way we are at present in, for the building a house for a minister and for the maintenance of a minister, that is acordinge to of severall proportions of land and meadowes; and it is agreed, that all deévitions of Lands and meadows and comons and all other priviledges shall be devided and layed out acordinge to o' publique charges; also, this way of rateing shall continue without alteration vnlesse it be don by the joynte consente of the wholl inhabitants; and the devitions in comon feilds from time to time shall be devided by Lott for propriety. both to us, the present inhabitants, and also to all others yt shall hereafter be excepted and entertained as inhabitants amongst vs. But for such farmes as doe Ly within the boundes of o° ‘Towne vnoccupied, or such as are occupied by non-residents, shall haue no priviledge in devitions of lands, nor comonage of wood and Timber and feed for kattell as o'selves, nor be rated alike, nor no other Wayes than the propriety and free denizens y' are inhabitants shall agree. And it is furd' agreed, yt when any furder Adition of meddows be made to the inhabitants, or any of them, there publique charges shall be borne vp acordinge to the former proportions, excepting such meddows as are made by any person out of swamp or other wayes that is not granted by the Towne [obscure] meddows; all such medows so [made] are freed from all publique [charge which] conserns the Towne.” Agreements eight and ten relate to highways, and are quoted in the chapter devoted to that subject. Agreement nine, on page 8, is this: ‘‘It is ordered that no proprietor or inhabitant within the boundes of our Towne shall at any time receiue any inmates or Tenants without the consent and approual of the Townsmen. he or they y' shall soe do, shall forfeit to the Towne the sume of twenty shill p" week for euery person so receiued & enfertained as aforesaid.” [And in the later handwriting of Clerk William Tay, it is added:] ‘‘And euery p® that shall inhabit [?] the p'cincts of the town w’out the Towns consent shall forfeit twenty shill: p* weeke for euery week abiding as [?]” And in article eleven, ‘‘it is ordered that ‘te any inhabitants in this towne shall turn out any cattell in the Springe tyme from yere to yere without a keeper, until the herd goe oute, Leaste he thereby 56 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. doe damage to his Neighbors meddows.” Article twelve relates to the first division of meadow lands, and will be found in the chapter on that subject. These earliest records show us the questions which the town had to meet at the: beginning. It is noteworthy that the care of the fathers for the character of those who were to make homes here inspires their first record. ‘There was no welcome for such as could not bring good testimonials. ‘The policy was that of the towns generally, and it was not illiberal but wise. If the doors had been open in our New England towns to all the restless and unworthy adventurers sure, in an age like that particularly, to seize such opportunities,. the ‘evil leaven would have lowered the standard of character and exposed the’settlements to mischief, if not shipwreck. And the fathers did not wait for the official sanction by the Court of their new English name before they began to use ‘‘ Billerica.” It stands at the head of the first page of Records, in 1654, and in the Boston record of Danforth’s marriage, 22d November of that year, it also appeared. , In 1658, when Mr. Whiting came to Billerica, he found twenty- five families in town; eleven on the Township, seven on the Dudley Farm, and seven elsewhere, of whom but one was north of the Township, Paterson, and he adjoined it.- His own house was built, but not yet finished; the meeting-house was not begun. There was a road to Woburn, another to Concord, one to Chelmsford, and one to Andover; whether the road to Cambridge was distinct from the Woburn Road west of the Shawshin is very doubtful. These roads were little more than paths in the woods; indeed the word “path” is not infrequently applied to them in the Records. Fences were not yet built, and the care of cattle and swine was a matter of common concern. p annum (of what should help beare up our charges) to inaintain theirs, besides the loss of so much land, which is yet our just right, accordinge to the honnored Genneral Courte graunt. “P. HUMPHREY DAVIE for ‘ye towne of Billerica.” “This may Certify whomsoever it may consern, that I, Joshua Fisher of Dedham, being at Billerica about the 10 of May. 1669, with my instru- ments, was desired to try the length or distance from the line between Obourne & Billerica, at a place where there is a settinge off in that line. to try how far it was from thence to Billerica riuer; which accordingly I did & found it to be from the end of the old line formerly run by Cambridge men & Obourne, as I was informed divers years since the runninge, & there I found it to be 206 rod to the riuer, or so farr as a parralell line to that line cutts the riuer in divers places, and from the end of that line from the river ward, where there was a set off into Oburne boune, as I was informed, done by Ensign Sherman not long since, to a stake by him or his direction piched, I found it 67 rod, so that from that stake to the riuer it is 290 rod, ‘which want 30 rod of a mile to the riuer, which was measured into a point of upland that runs in at that place, the riuer being on both sides of it BOUNDARIES. 85. divers rods nearer the stake from whence we measured, so that E doe conceive that if a straight line were run from c to d, as it is marked in the plat, it would [iadecipherable, mostly lost,] answer the grant. of the General Courte made to Billerica, though it would not be a mile from the river in divers places, & the proprietie of the land might remaine to each grantee, if it be granted out by either of the towns, and the jurisdiction belong to each town accordinge as the straight line should devide them. I judge not the case, but only inform how I found it & so leave it to them concerned, “JOSHUA FFISHER. ‘* DEDHAM, 24 May, 1669.” ‘‘In answer unto this motion made by Billerica Inhabitants, the case being fully heard at last Gen" Court, both ptyes then appearing. This Court do judge meet and for a finall issue of all complaynts conclude that a committee of equal minded & judicious men be nominated & impowered to run & determine the line between Woburne & Billerica from one end to another, attending the Courts graunt, not to come within a mile of Shawshin riuer; vizt. the comon line of the Riuer.duly to be taken & sett by some able Artist; and in case it do appeare that the complaynt of Billerica hath been causeless, they shall then defray all the charges thereof. The Majistry have passed this, their brethren the deputies thereto consenting,” etc. The result was that a committee of the.Court and representatives of both towns united, 1669, October 1, in recommending ‘that the line of divission between the two tounes, last made by Ensign Sherman, by order of the Committee of the Generall Court, shall stand as it doeth. And whereas Francis & John Weymans Seniors haue their present habitations neere the ljne aforesajd, & enjoying much of their liuelyhood & benefit at both tounes, & may pertake of the publicque ordinances in both places, they, the sajd Weymans, shall contribute equally to both tounes in all publicke charges, both ciuill & ecclesiasticall.” This recommendation the Court consented to and confirmed, ‘‘ to be vnderstood the half of what they should haue payd to either ; toune, if they had been wholly in either of them; and that Wooborne shall take the valluation of the Weymans estates for the country rate, as formerly, and give a true account of the same afiually to Billerrica, who shall haue power annually to demand & receiue all toune charges (according to that order) of the sajd Weymans, as if they were inhabitants.” This adjustment did not satisfy the Wymans, who petitioned the Court for relief; and, in response,” ‘¢27: 8": 1672. The Toune 12 Records. Vol. I, p. 102. 86 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. hauing considered the case, after much agitation, doe agree (with one consent) to stand to y® generall Court's order conserning y* said agreement, desiring y°® continuance of y* same, vnlesse y* Hon? Court would please to giue vs our streight line, which we should haue had at y° first, according to Court grant; neither will y° toune consente to take it out of y* hands of y’ Honore’ Court, to put it junto a Comittee’s hand to end.” But the town was not successful in this issue with the Wymans. At least, the agreement was soon after declared void. Whether the rectification of the town line was secured in connection with this rupture of the agreement does not appear, but is probable. The line is, and has been, a straight line, and no other date or occasion for making it so is indicated in the Records, and on this supposition the policy of the town was in fact successful. No other question arose as to the boundaries of the town, and no other changes were made until the incorporation of Bedford and Tewksbury, in the next generation. CHAPTER VI. ROADS AND BRIDGES. Tue early highways were very primitive. A path through the forest, marked by blazed trees, was sufficient for this distinction ; and the marking was. often so imperfect that questions would arise, after a few years, as to the actual location; different wood-paths becoming the subject of neighborly contention. But the fathers understood the importance of roads quite as well as their children. Among the earliest town orders is one relating to this subject.! “9:9: 58, Also for our work in y@ highways, it is agreed that it. shall be done as followeth: ive. every male of sixtene years old & upward. shall come in to worke in y¢ highways, acording as due warning shalbe given by y® surveyours, chosen for y® well ordering of the same. And’so all that have oxen shal come in with their teames also, vutill y° worke be done in y® country highways. a ‘* And for such as are proprietors with us, and are non resident in this: toune, They shall all do their proportions when they come vp, both psons and teames, themselves or others for them, such as the surveyors shall approve of for y* worke, both persons & teames. Also y® surveyors shall keep a true account of every man’s work from time to time. ‘“‘And it is further ordered & agreed, that the surveyors shall have no power to make or mend any but country roads at y® towne charge, without y® consent of the whole towne and by their order. And for non-appearance after due warning given as aforesaid, both persons & teames, any person neglecting his duty acording to this order shall pay two days’ work for one.” We have here, in distinct outline, the system of supporting the highways which is still the prevailing one in New England, and which has only very recently given place in Billerica to the method of appointing a town agent, under whose direction the appropriations for highways are expended. 1I quote from Danforth’s copy of this Order, Book of Grants, I, 170. The original partly obliterated may be found in Records, Vol. I, p. 7. 88 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. The principal roads leading from town to town were for many years designated ‘‘ country” roads, and were at first the only roads to receive public care as a matter_of course and without special vote of the town. ‘The roads to Woburn, Chelmsford, Andover, and Concord,, appear to have been at first the only roads thus distin- guished. ‘The first record of surveyors is, ‘‘1 mo. 1660-1,” when James Kidder and John Baldwin were chosen. The road to Woburn is mentioned, ‘9:9: 60. Ata.town meeting the toune doe choose to joyne with a comhittee from Oberne to lay out the highway from Oberne to o" meeting-house, Ralph Hill, jun". & John Parker.” The report of this committee is not recorded, but ten years later we find this record : —’ ° ‘«The country road to Woburn thro Shawshin farmes. ‘¢‘ Shawshinnock, or Billerica, 10. 10™. 1670. ‘Whereas the country road leading from Woburn to Billerica was laid out by a comittee legally chosen by euch towne formerly, but there not being a record of the same to be found, where it was exactly laid. and there arising some difference in apprehention where y® way was laid thro Shawshin farmes; At y* request of Mr. Ri: Daniel, Genti™, the comittee of each towne did meet together at Shawshin farme; and, hearing what could be said every way, and taking an exact viewe of the most comodius way for the country road to passe in, did determine that the way from bilferica to woburn through Shawshin farmes should henceforth bee and continue, beginning at the westerly end of the said farmes, and so continue streight through y® dirty swamp, and so along vpon the high land, taking a black oak tree marked with D (which stands in the side line between the churches farm and Samuel Chamnes farme) in the middle of the highway ; and so passing over the small swamp or runnitt above Shawshin house where it is the firmest ground. there being a great white oak stump standing by the side of that valle on the north; from thence it continues streight along, going over y® ridge, where the oldest highway went neer Samuel Chamne’s house on the north of it, and so through his old field vutill you come to y* casey neer Shawshin river, there being at this time, a ditch plowed almost all the way through these farmes, on the northerly side of this highway; and so the road is allowed seven pole wide southerly from the ditch aforesaid, there being sundry trees marked, some on yé west side, some in or about y® middle, and y® ditch on the north of y® s4 way. And on y® easterly side of Shawshin river, y* road lyeth much whereabouts it is now trodden, and passeth over the brooke at y® east: end of y¢ plaine in y®.middle way that hath been trodden over that brook. This was agreed upon by us, the whole comittee being present. , “JOHN SEIRES. JOHN WYMAN. JAMES KIDDER. “RALPH HILL. JONATHAN DANFORTH.” 2 Book of Grants. I, 160. i ROADS AND BRIDGES. 89 This record does not add much to our knowledge of the Woburn Road, except the fact that it was originally seven rods wide; but it gives interesting illustration of the phraseology and methods of the men who laid it out. The Concord Road is thus described : —* ‘619: 12mo., 1660. Concord country road to o’ Towne. “The highway from Billerica to Concord laid out by the Comittee appinted for y¢ same By both Townes was laid out as followeth: “It beginneth at the country road in long street and runneth in a streight line [from?] North east corner of y* fence of John Rogers, Sen'., i.e. of his house lot, being laid out four pole wide anent y* North-west corner of Billerica meeting house, being bounded onward toward Concord by John Rogers’ fence as now it do stand on the west; by Jacob Browne’s and Daniell Sheed’s fence (as now it stands) on y® east; and so going streight on forward to the pounds, through Mr. Whiting’s lott, then it turnes westward, rufiing down charnstaff lane, vntill you come to y* bound corner stake between George ffarley and Jn°. Sternes, on Mr. Dudley's farm, whose dividing line between them is the center of the highway vntill you come neer y® lower stake of y* divitions at that place, anent which stake it lyeth wholly on the east side of it; so running to y* fence of lieut ffrench, his field, (which was sometimes the lot of Joseph Parker,) which fence bounds y® highway on the south-east. Then running over y® swamp at the Island between brooks, or over two brooks, being bounded by marked trees in the Center of y® highway, vutill you come to the paster fence of Ralph Hill, Sen'., which fence bounds it on the west; so rufiing on y® south east of Ralph Hill, jun'., his barne, vntill you come to y® old road which Jeads to Concord, trees being marked for y® center of it; and from this place it keaps (generally) ye old beaten road to Concord swamp acording to center trees; and it is agreed that it shall lye four poles wide from long street, vntill you come to Mr. Dudley’s farme; and from y® entrance of Mr. Dudley’s farme, until you come to Concord great swamp, it shall lye at least six pole wide; and from y® great swamp to Concord towne, Center trees are marked aboute y® old road vntill you come to the south corner of the widow foxes’ land; then leaving the old dirty road on " the right hand, and passing through an opening of the swamp, acording ynto trees marked in y® center of it, we continued to Cramfield gate, and from thence keeping the comon road, to ye meeting house. ‘The comittee which laid out this highway were as followeth: “for Billirica : Jor Concord : Sarg™t JOHN PARKER. ROBERT FFLETCHER. GEORGE FFARLEY. JOSEPH WHEELER.” JONATH: DANFORTH. 8 Book of Grants. Y, 161. 90 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. The record of the Andover Road immediately follows the pre- ceding : — “26: 12m. 1660. Andever highway. ‘Wee whose names are hereunto subscribed, being a comittee choesen respectively by y® Townes of Andever and Billerica, to lay out the country road leading from the one Towne to the other, have laid out y® said road in manner as followeth: ‘“Wee began at the country road that leads from Chelmsford towards the bay, or in long street, neer the meeting house, of Billerica, and soe ran Crosse y® house lots of James Parker and Ralph Hill, Sen'., (about ye middle of them,) laying it four poles wide through y* said feilds, acording to marked trees; from thence we ran by the North line of John Shildon’s house lott ‘'owards foxes hill, and on the east side of the said hill, in y* old drawne way, vutill you come to a meadow, called Content meadow, being six poles wide from y® former house lots to Content meadow, and four. poles wide at y® saide meadow, between the lots of Jonathan Danforth and Samuel Kinsley, and from the meadow to Strongwater brook six poles wide; and at Strongwater brook it lyeth crosse the meadow, about the middle of y® lot belonging to John Poulter, and from thence to a meadow belonging to George Abbot, Sen'., of Andover, at the north east end of the meadow and runeing to ye drawne road, which leads from Andever Towne towards Shawshin River meadows; and so to enter the said road, at a hill called east hill, and so down the plaine to y® bridge that lyeth over Shawshin River, neere to y® house of William Ballard, still continuing six pole wide acording to trees suffetiently marked from y® foresaid content meadow to Shawshin bridge. And from that bridge toward andever Towne, vntill you come to y* houses of John Johnson and Thomas Johnson, wee judge meet ‘that ye highway shalbe where it is now drawne; and it shall lye in the wet swamps and rocky places ten poles wide at the least, and in y® hardway elsewhere to be eight poles wide at least, and between the houses of y* Johnsons aforesaid and the town of Andever, it shall lye as now the fences are already set up, and from the corner of y® aforesaid Thomas Johnson’s fence next toward y® Towne of andever, the way shalbe six poles at the least, vntill you come to the shop of John ffrye, and from the shop of ye said John ffrye to Mr. Bradstreet’s yard corner, right against the way y' leads down to Andever meeting house, it shalbee four poles wide at the least, being the way which is Now drawne; further it is agreed that from the Hill, called east Hill aforesaid, down to the Bridge ou’ Shawshin River aforesaide, neere y* house of William Ballard aforesaid, the highway shall be but four poles wide. ‘* This highway was laid out by us. 26: 12™. 1660. “ Billirica Comittee : Andever Comittee : Sarg™t JOHN PARKER. GEORGE ABBOT, Sen". Sarg™t JAMES KIDDER. Sarg™ JN° OssGoop.” JONATHAN DANFORTH. ROADS AND BRIDGES. 91 Mr. Danforth’s presence was not as a member of these com- mittees, but professional, as ‘‘artiste” or surveyor, employed by both towns. : Of the Chelmsford Road no description is recorded. These four roads are all in use still, substantially as at first laid. The most important changes are, that the Woburn Road first ran over the top of Bare Hill, instead of turning around its northerly side as now; that the Concord old road ran a nearly straight course, still easily traced, through the swamp about a mile west of Bedford Village, turning from the present road to Bedford near Huckins Street ; and the Chelmsford Road crossed the river at the Fordway, and not as now at the Corner. Another important early road was that leading to Wamesit, of which we have this record :—* “9m. 1659. The Great Comon-feild. “It was agreed before the laying out of the alotments, in the great comon feild which lyeth below y® great Bridge, [i.e. at the fordway,] on the east side of Concord River, That there shalbee a convenient highway alowed throughout the wholl feild, cross all the lots, for foot, horse & cart, either where it is already Trodden, or elsewhere, as shalbe Judged to be most convenient, which is to be noe open highways, but may bee taken in with in there lands & fences. ‘‘March, 1664. The Towne appointed a Comitt: to lay out this high- way, which made this returne, vnder theire hands, following: “Tt begins at the east side of Samuel Trull’s fence as now it stands, and so to lye two pole wide, and runs from thence crosse the lott of Roger Toothaker, the east side of y® highway, crosse that lot is bounded by a stub which stands by the corner of Samuel Trull’s fence, on y® eastward of it about 4,000 [! So the record; probably it should be four] poles, and so runes to a rock, w Rocke stands a little on this side of y® brooke; from thence acording to marked trees all along, vntill you come to y® going down to y® mill place; and Thus far y® trees are marked only on yé east side of the way, but onward the middle of the highway is marked, vntill you come to William Hamlet’s swamp, and from thence the way is to lye as the road is now trodden, toward bacon brooke; and the agreement is that ye way shall be, all of it, two pole wide. ‘The Comittee that did the worke was William Hamlet, James Kidder, Ralph Hill, Jun'.” ‘This road, passing the houses of Toothaker and John Rogers, (see Rogers, 2, in Genealogical Register,) ran near the present site of the depot in North Billerica. The road recently opened from \ 4 Book of Grants. I, 164. 92 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. the Fordway to North Billerica must be near the line of this early highway. Another road to the great plain and great common field, which were towards and beyond N orth Billerica, followed the present Long Pond Road to the foot of Fox Hill, on the north, and then ran directly across the swamp and fields, where its disused route is still easily traced. Tae road which run east from the ‘‘ Pollard” place, to and beyond Mr. Nason’s place, existed very early and was known as the road to Jeft’s Cove, or Trull’s Cove. From the Andover Road, sometimes called East Street, the road running south, at the foot of Fox Hill, was of course in early use. For convenience, I refer to this as the ‘‘East Road,” and the following record must. refer to it:— “7658. The highway at Loes-Plaine. “At the laying out of the alotments at and abou loes plaine, it was agreed: ‘‘]. That there shall be a convenient highway alowed out of the lots Just below the Rockes and hills by the side of loes plaine, and so through the land of Samuel Kemp, for a cart to pass vpon any ocation, which land (if the proprietors please) they may take within their fence. 2, Ther is also laid out another highway four poles wide, on the North side of Samuel Kemp’s lot, so rufiing ouer the brooke on the north of Simon Crosbee’s land & on the South of Jacob Browne’s land. “3. There is also laid out a highway of two poles wide betweene the East side of Sam! Kemp’s line and the heads of those lots yt lye on y* east of Samuell Kemp’s lot, which is for the use of those proprietors.” Samuel Kemp’s lot was near Miss Sophia Allen’s, and this record outlines vaguely the East Road to that point and the road leading towards the Shawshin from it, early known as Marshall’s Lane, John Marshall living near the turn. We may suspect that the latter road had a westerly extension, which would pass Peter Bracket’s, and connect directly with Tufts Lane. From Kemp’s, southward, the East Road appears in a later record. **19. 1" 168%. The Townsmen doe order Sarg™ John Parker, Tho: foster and John Marshall to lay out y* highway from John Marshall’s house to y* country road, that lyeth through the churches farme, and make returne thereof vnder their hands to y* Townesmen.” The road ‘‘through the churches farm” indicates the highway north of the Woburn Road, as the latter did not pass through, but south of, the Church Farm. ROADS AND BRIDGES. 93 A later record,’ 1670-1, March 21, states that, as no report of this committee was found, and Mr. Parker was dead, the selectmen directed Messrs. Foster and Marshall to renew the work, and pro- ceeds to say that they, ‘‘finding a convenient way by y° bounds of Shawshin farme, from Thomas Richardson’s lot to a new bridge, and over which is a ditch leading to the country road, did, with John French and Thomas Richardson, address y™selves to Richard Daniel, gent., proprietor of Shawshin farme, for his consent, who, to gratify his said neighbours, did freely condescend, that they should have a private way to pass for carts, &c., in y* bounds of y® said farme, from y* said Thomas Richardson’s lot to y* afores‘ new bridge, and from thence five pole on y° outside of y° side [said?] ditch that lead to y® said couutry road; and y‘ s¢ comhittee & y* s4 John French & Thomas Richardson did thankfully accept of y® same,” and appointed this a private highway from Richardson’s house tg the country road. Mr. Daniel represented wealth and rank, his wife at least belong- ing to the nobility ; and there was no other citizen to whom the town officially showed such deference, or from whom it sought as favors what it would have taken from others as its right. Whether the present East Road follows the line of this early location is uncertain. Farther north, on the Andover Road, an early and long forgotten way turned not far from the Cemetery and ran to the Shawshin near the Crosby place, reaching the river at a point called the ‘‘ Willow Spang.”® This grant refers to it: ‘‘There is three acres of land alowed in James Kidder’s lot where it may be most conveniently taken, for a way from the country road at fox hill to y* second part of the second divitions. Also allowance is made to Simon Crosbe’s lot, for y* highway to pass from James Kidder’s lot toward Shawshin River.” A highway which had always been an important one is described | in the next record. “1661. Content highway. “Tt was agreed before the laying out of the 24 divition Partaineing to y® Towneship, That there should be a highway from the south side of fox hill, ouer little content brook, and so ouer ailwife brook, streight away to 5 Book of Grants, p. 159. 6 Danforth often uses the word “spang” to designate some point in field or meadow; the same word which Webster spells ‘“‘spong.” - William Tay had land at this place; and the copyist of his will, in the Suffolk Registry, evidently had trouble in deciphering the original, for his transcript reads, ‘‘the willow spangs.” Some future editor or archeologist may find here occasion for a Jearned explanation of the pangs of the willow! 94. HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Shawshin Riuer on the north of globe hill, and so ouer heeth brook, cross Christopher Web’s meadow lott & continueing onward ouer Strongwater brooke, at the narrow neck betwene William Tay’s meadow, and so onward to andever meadow.” This, the Pattenville Road, was in Danforth’s common usage the ‘road to Globe Hill.” It left the Andover Road near Mr. Holt’s house, and crossed the ‘‘little content” brook higher up that stream than does the present road near Dea. Samuel King’s house. The next description may refer to the road from Pattenville towards Wilmington. ‘Also one highway vpon content plaine from this road, beginning upon the hill eastward of two little round swamps, and so ruiiing anglewise about y* middle of y' part of y° 2¢ divitions, which lyeth on the east of ailwife brook,” etc. The following description more clearly refers to the road from the depot to Pattenville: ‘*1664. It was ordered at the laying out of y* comion feild on the plain which is on the east side of Content meadow, that ther shalbee a highway from, y*® country road leading to andever, to Shawshin Riuer, beginning on y° east of content bridge, & so passing through y* lots of Nath. Hill, leiut french, Jonath Danforth, John Rogers, El Chamne, Golden More, William Pattin, Peter Brackett, James Kidder, & Capt. Brackett, which enters it into y* road which comes from John Balden bridge, leading to globe hill, and at y® most easterly corner of Simon Crosbes lot begins that highway which goeth to William Pattin’s meadow at Shawshin River.” The references in the closing paragraph are to the two roads named in the preceding descriptions. A highway, which probably never had much use and was soon forgotten, was laid between the two parts of the Second Division. It was ‘‘on each side of ‘the dividing line from loes plain until you come to ailwife brook”; or from a point near Mrs. Asa Holden’s, and passing towards the brook by the corner at Mr. James Page’s, on the Wilmington Road, where ‘* Marshall’s lane,” extended from the Crosby place, comes into it. The Lexington Road, early, and long known as the road to Bacon’s mill, or Fitch’s mill, is first mentioned, (16: 1:63. Will Tay & George farley are Apoynted to Lay out a highway from the Towne, leading to Mr.-Michell’s farme, and to y' land yt was Lay“ out for Mr. Edward Oaks’ farme, on y* south East end of Mr. Winthrop’s great meadow, to be layd out four polls wide.” Nineteen years later it needed relocation. ‘23.17. 82. Ata ROADS AND BRIDGES. 95 meeting of y* selectmen:' Whereas Mr. Muzey makes a complaint for want of y* knowledge of y* highway from his farme, that hee bought of Timothy Brookes, to the towne; The selectmen do order George ffarley, that was one of the comittee that lajd it out at y* first, * & corp'. Jn° ffrench, forthwith to go and renue y° markes. of y* said way, that it may be obvious to all travellers; also to draw vp a record as distinct as may bee how it lyes, that so it may be found afterward without much difficulty.” The road farther east is not described in the Records. But it . was in existence, and known as a country road as early as 1670, when Joseph Walker’s grant was bounded east by it. The survey of Mr. Daniel’s farms shows that this road formed in large part the west line of the Champney Farm. That there was a road farther south from the Concord Road towards Cambridge is certain, but no description of it is recorded. It must have been substantially the same as that which now runs southeast over the hill, a mile north of Bedford Village. The following record gives a good example of the private high- ways often laid out for the convenience of adjacent farmers :’ ‘+1658. It was agreed, That there should be reserved three pole wide (vpon the Towneship) by the river side, from the angle of the township neare George ffarley’s, vntill you come below abbott’s Bridge, which . is to be no open highway, but for anyivse for cart, or for landing of goods, hay, corne, ete., which highway is to be taken into euery man’s dividuall (i.e. his propriety or alottment) if hee please. And any man taking downe any bares or opening any gates, to passe by the Riuer’s side vpon any such ocation, shall safely put them vp againe; and in case of neglect, as aforesaid, shalbe lyable to pay whatever damage any person shall sustain by his neglect therein.” The town also reserved the same liberty to pass from Charnstaffe Lane to this river highway. . ‘‘ Also, it was agreed, That the Brook which lyeth in the middle of the township should ly open (for y* use of y® inhabitance in generall) from long-street downward to y° line of Mr. Dudley’s farme, and six pole wide on each side of the brook, to ly in comion for publick vse.” This ‘‘ brook-highway” bounded Mr. Whiting’s grant on the east, and has other mention; and this description proves the identity of Charnstaffe Lane and the line of the Dudley Farm. 1 Grants, I, 168. 96 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. West Street is mentioned at the same time.® ‘1658. At the laying out of the lots vpon the Towneship, It was agreed that y° highway cal‘ the west street should ruiie from long street, beginning at the southeast of Jonathan Danforth’s house lot, and lye six pole wide southward of his line, the whole width of his house lot, and then it should be laid twelve pole wide, from thence to y® riuer, y? — former six pole continuing, and so to take six pole northward of a rock in a valley by a willow tree, (which rock is y* southwest corner of Jonathan Danforth, his house lot,) and onward it is to be laid on each side y* swamp and brook, that so y* water may lye open for cattell.” In November, 1660, the town voted that Danforth and Kidder might have the land included in West Street, either for a certain sum, or ‘‘if they could purchase a convenient highway elsewhere to the Riuer, to the Town’s content.” But this grant was for some reason not consummated; for in 1665 Mr. Kidder received a grant of two and one-half acres, on the south side of this road, and extending to the river; this grant being instead of ten acres elsewhere. And, ten years later, the road is again granted to Danforth and Kidder, with the reservation of a right to a private highway, as described above. ‘The consideration of this grant was, disbursements made for the town, Mr. Danforth having expended a thousand and a half of shingles to purchase Cambridge lands for the town. When West Street was reclaimed as a public highway is not certain; but the process was gradual. It was a ‘*bridle-way” in 1730, when proposals for building the Centre bridge came before the town, and the selectmen were instructed, in preparation for that measure, *‘to state & settle the bounds of the highway.” A road was laid out, in 1661, to run from the Concord Road, near the present route of the Middlesex turnpike, going by Henry Jefts and Lieutenant French’s to William Tay’s, and ending in the ‘¢road to the bay,” on the ‘‘top of the hill Next to Thomas Foster's fence.” After the appointment of one or two committees, this road was abandoned; but the location of its terminus proves a point of interest in the early geography, namely, that the Woburn Road at first went over and not around Bare Hill. When the change was made is not recorded, but it may be indicated in this action: ‘“‘May 16, 1711. * Deacon James Frost and Lt. Samuel Hill were appointed to vew a highway proposed to be exchanged with. 8 Grants, II, 167. ROADS AND BRIDGES. 97 Crosby, upon bare Hill, and to make a Return of their J udgment concerning it.” Their: report is wanting, but we may conjecture that it favored the easier route, around the northerly slope of the hill, where the road has long been. The road north of Fox Hill, leading east from Long Street at Abot’s bridge to the Davis place, was in early use, and doubtless continued as far as the Andover Road; but no description is found inthe Records. West of Concord River, the larger part of the land remained ‘‘common,” until the great distribution soon after 1700, and the roads before that date were few and only incidentally appear in the Records. The earliest was, no doubt, .the ‘‘treble-cove” road, beginning at the Fordway and running southwest on the line, substantially, of the present highway east of Gilson’s Hill and northwest of Winning’s Pond, and so towards Concord. It derived its name from the ‘‘treble-cove,” a locality often named in the Records, and situated near the Carlisle line. This road is often called the ‘‘road to John Hill’s,” who doubtless lived near it. The ‘‘rangeway” road, as its name indicates, followed the dividing line between the first and second ranges of lots in the great land division of 1708. The first range, bounding on Chelmsford line, was about half a mile in width, and the road still follows the line thus indicated. A bridge over Concord River was an early necessity. The first bridge was at the Fordway, a half-mile above North Billerica. The date of its erection is not certain, but is probably indicated by the action of the General Court, 1657, May 15, when the importance to the country of bridges at Billerica and Mistick was affirmed, and assessment of expense, for building and maintaining them, upon adjoining towns and plantations was provided for. ‘The bridge was in guse in 1659, as William Haile’s grant, which was near by and made in that year, mentions ‘‘ y* great bridge.” The ‘‘ great comon field,” which was divided in 1659 among the proprietors, is also described as lying on the east side of Concord River, below the great bridge. This early bridge was, of course, rude and primitive and soon needed repairs. ‘25: 7: 60. Ralph Hill jun" and James Kider are apoynted to join with Chelmsford in the repayring of y° bridge Leading to Chelmsford; and they are to doe what work they, with the cortitee of Chelmsford, shall judge meet to be done, and to Leuie the charges acording to the General Cort’s order ; and they 98 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. have power given them to call in for helpe acordinge as they shall se meet, from time to time, till the work be done, provided they be such persons as are behinde in high way work, to the Number of 6 days of them that hath done y* moste.” ‘1662, 4, 9,” it was agreed that Thomas Foster should ‘‘goe to the great bridge” and ‘‘pr Hill Senr, if James Kider could not go.” John Parker was also requested ‘‘to goe to the work, if his ocations would give way,” and a note was sent to Chelmsford ‘“‘for their comittee to meet at the work.” , In 1664, complaint was made to the Court at Charlestown of ‘‘great defect in Chelmsford Bridge,” and the selectmen of the two towns were enjoined to take order for the repair thereof forthwith ;° and, November 29, the ‘‘’Townsmen did choose Willi Hamlett to join with a man from Chelmsford to repayr the great Bridge.” In making these repairs, in 1662, Billerica furnished five hands and Chelmsford four, ‘‘a day in the water,” charging 2s. 6d. per day. Besides, there is a charge for two quarts of liquor, 4s., showing that one day’s work would pay for a quart of liquor and a quarter. In 1665, the whole charge for previous repairs was ‘+ 7p. 10°. 6”.,” of which Billerica paid ‘4°. 1%. 6°.” and Chelmsford ‘+3. 9°.” Groton does not seem to have been called upon at this time, but for the charge in 1665, Groton paid its proportion. ‘‘21p. 2". 2°.” were raised on the county rate, Chelmsford paying ‘‘10°. 3°.,” Billerica, ¢7P, 88, 4°.,” and Groton, ‘3. 14°. 7°.” It was to be expected, that a partnership like this would not long work smoothly; and the following record will surprise no one. ‘©121™1688. Whereas, the selectmen of Chelmsford (by writing vnder ther hands) have declared (to the selectmen of Billerica) their absolute refusall any longer to assist in maintenance of the great Bridge vpon Billerica riuer, as also giving Notice to them to repair the same acording to law. Hence the selectmen of Billerica (for y* preventing of dangers and hazards by travellers) do order that some of the plankes of that bridge be taken away, that so there may be no passing over it; and some provision made on each side the breach to give warning of the danger to any traveller.” Whether any compromise of the difficulty was made, or the bridge continued impassable for two years, the Records do not tell us; but a higher power interposed; and, 1667, October 9, the General Court takes 9 Records. Vol. 1 (Reverse) p. 87. ROADS AND BRIDGES. 99 action as follows: ‘‘In answer to a motion made by the deputyes of Billerica & Chelmsford, in reference to the bridge over Billerica River, it is ordered by this Court * that the sajd bridge shall, be repayred & vpholden by the tounes of Billerica, Chelmsford, & Groaten, and all such farmes as are there granted,” and these towns were to be free from the maintenance of all other bridges, ‘‘ except in their own bounds.” ” = In execution of this order the County Court at Charlestown, 1667, December 17, ‘‘did nominate and empower Mr. John Webb, alias Evered, Mr. Thomas Hinksman, Mr. James Parker & Jonathan Danforth, to agree with some able and honest artificer for erecting a bridge over Billerica River, as speedily as might be.” This committee employed Job Lane to build the bridge, and the contract made with him is preserved." It was made, 1667, January 11, and the work was to be completed before the 29th of September following. The size of timbers and form of structure are minutely specified. The arches were to be sixteen feet wide, and the flooring of oak plank four inches thick. He was to receive in payment, ‘¢geven score and five pounds starling”: ten in cash, ten in wheat, ten in malt, and the remainder in corn and catfle, not exceeding one-half in cattle, which must be under seven years old. If the parties could not agree, they were to be appraised by two men properly chosen, and the corne was to be good and merchantable at such rates as the country rate set. One half was to be paid at or before the first of May, and the balance within the next year. Payments were to be delivered at Capt. Adams’s mill in Chelmsford, or in Billerica town. If Mr. Lane chose, Chelmsford or Groton payments might be delivered near the bridge until it was finished, and after that in Billerica. Mr. Lane was distinguished as an ‘‘artificer.” He paid for his large farm by the erection of a mansion for Fitz John Winthrop, at Norwich, Connecticut, and he built one of the College buildings at Cambridge. In 1676, there was again complaint of the bridge, and united action of the towns in repairing it. After that, the bridge is hardly 10 Colonial Records. Vol. IV, Part ii, p. 356. 11 Among the valuable mss. Lane Papers, now in the possession of Mrs, A. B. Cutler, of Bedford, a descendant. Mr. William H. Whitmore, of Boston, has given an account and abstract of these Lane Papers in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register. Vol. XI, pp. 102 and 231. i { 100 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. mentioned until twenty years later, when it was carried away by a flood, a disaster which ended the existence of the Fordway bridge, after an existence of forty years. This, no doubt, happened shortly before the date of the following action. Clerk Joseph Tompson, without date, says: ‘‘Receiued an order from Chelmsford, dated about the first of December, 1698, desiring of our selectmen, or Town, to send a person or persons empowered to join with them and Groton and Dunstable about the new building of a bridge over Concord riuer.” The selectmen appointed Captain Danforth and Mr. Tompson to attend this meeting, on-December 6, but, ‘‘ Capt. Danforth, being presented with the selectmen’s order, wholly refused. Joseph Tompson went alone.” He met there Major Jonathan Tyng, for Dunstable; [Thomas?] Williams and James Blanchard, for Groton; and Major Thomas Hinchman,. Solomon Keyes, Sen., and Cornet Nath: Hill. The result of the deliberations of this committee must have been, although our Records leave us to infer the fact, that the new bridge should be built farther up the river, at the ‘‘corner,” where it has since stood. Groton, for some unexplained reason, refused to participate, and resort was again found gecessary to the General Court, to bring this intractable town to terms. An act was passed, 1699, March 20, authorizing the Court of Sessions to assess and collect of Groton, ‘‘24?. 10°.,” and to pay it to ‘‘Major Hinksman, Major Ting, & Mr: John Lane, undertakers for the building of the bridge lately erected in Bilrica.” There were good reasons why Billerica desired to change the location. With but one bridge over the Concord, it was important that it should be nearer the centre of the town, and not make so long a circuit necessary to reach the west part of it. In fact, it was for Billerica a question of removal, or the maintenance of two bridges ; while to the towns above the difference was trifling. This view prevailed, and the most important bridge in town found a location which has been so far permanent. How long the other towns were called upon to aid in its maintenance, I can not say, nor - how many times it has been rebuilt. In 1787, the bridge fell down and was rebuilt after some discussion as to the location. In 1873, the old wooden bridge gave place to a handsome and light iron structure. The ghost of the Fordway bridge did not, however, rest with perfect quiet. Ninety years later, in 1789, a subscription was made and committee appointed to build a bridge at the old place. The ROADS AND BRIDGES. 101 record of that committee is preserved.” The first meeting was appointed by people in Chelmsford Neck, now Lowell and vicinity, and held, 1789, January 23, at the house of Isaac Sprake. Others were held at Jonathan Manning’s and Esquire Barron’s, and Aaron Chamberlin was moderator and William Manning clerk. A com- mittee was sent to Concord and Sudbury, who reported that *‘ there was not much danger. of opposition from those towns on account of flowing their meadows.” It was found that the subscriptions amounted to £59, 10s., and the subscribers ‘‘ voted to Go on and Build”; and a committee of nine was appointed to collect the subscriptions and carry on the. work. March 3d appeared the selectmen of Billerica and sundry others, ‘‘and forbid our going on to build on perill of paying all Dammage that should arise therefrom to said Town.” In April, a committee was sent to Woburn, doubtless to see if aid could be had there. They brought back unfavorable report, and, May 19, the meeting adjourned without day. The Centre bridge was built in 1737. The vote for its erection was passed, 1736, November 16, and in 1738 the ‘building committee received £95 from the treasurer, which was perhaps its entire cost. It was built ‘‘against the bridle way, betwixt Mr. Enoch Kidder and Oliver Whiting, Jun”. lotts.” Hill’s bridge first appears in the following record, 1736, July 22: ‘Whereas, a number of Persons in the neighboring Towns have Petitioned the General Sessions in Middx. for a highway from Westford meeting-house cross Concord River over Lt. Joseph Hill’s bridge to Lexington,” a committee of five was chosen ‘‘to manage that affaire in the behalfe of the Town.” Lieutenant Hill probably lived on the west side of Concord River near this bridge, which he may have built for his own convenience and that of the neighborhood. It would, seem that the Court approved the petition, ‘for, 1737, May 16, the town instructed the committee ‘‘ to manage the affaire in Defense of the Town”; to proceed either by appeal from the Sessions, or by laying the matter before the General Court, or both. The town was soon called upon to pay £59, 10s., which implies that the case was decided in favor of the petitioners. The Hill bridge contributes no other noticeable facts to the history, except an episode, which greatly stirred the town at .the 212 Loaned to me by Miss Lucinda Manning, of Chelmsford. Sce MANNING, 11. 102 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. time and lingers in the memory of the older inhabitants still. After the opening of the Middlesex turnpike, the Hill bridge and road crossing it fell into disuse and decay; and at last the bridge, falling, was for some time not rebuilt. But a demand arose for the rebuilding of the bridge and a straightening of the road leading to it, which had been somewhat devious. A route more direct and less hilly than the turnpike was sought, in this improvement, from Chelmsford and towns above to Lexington. Mrs. Joseph Foster gave the right of way through her land for some distance on the west side of the river, and others set about the work and built one of the abutments. But the majority of the people did not relish the proposed diversion of travel and business to a line so far from the centre of the town. When other means of opposition failed, some of the citizens, and, tradition affirms, some of the most respectable, determined to take the case into their own hands and proceeded to destroy the offensive abutment. ‘The mob, for such it seems to have been, and perhaps the only mob known in the town, did its work thoroughly. Suits followed and were decided against the town, which was compelled to build the bridge and road and has since maintained it. CHAPTER VII. i THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. Tue Shawshin territory was a favorite resort of the red men. The Pawtucket tribe occupied the vicinity of the mouth of the Concord River, on both sides of it, as their headquarters. From this place they went forth; to this they returned; here they planted their corn. Wamesit, or Weymesit, was originally the name of the eastern angle, between the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, around Fort Hill and the modern ‘‘ Belvidere” of Lowell. Here many, if not the majority, of the Indians lived, giving ancient Billerica a large Indian population, though the town never probably exercised civil jurisdiction over them. This Indian settlement confronted the fathers of Billerica as they looked northward. Their road down the Concord River was the road to Wamesit. ’ This Indian reservation, specifically granted by the General Court, was surveyed and described by Danforth in 1664, April, as follows :! ‘© * * There is laid out unto the Indians, who are the inhabitants of Waymesick, fiue hundred acres of land on the east side of Concord Riuer and joyning to the sajd riuer & to Merremack Riuer; it runnes upon Concord Riuer about one mile & three quarters, which reacheth to Bacon Brooke, & bounded by the sajd brooke on the south fower score poole; it runnes from the mouth of Concord Ryuer doune Merremacke Riuer two hundred & fifty poole, where it is bounded by a red oake marked; from thence it runnes according to the bound marke trees w*t two angles, unto Bacon Brooke; all which doe more plainly appeare by plott of it under written. This fiue hundred acres is part of that three thousand w“ was layd out to M's. Winthrop formerly, only in the returne of sajd three thousand there is mention made of one hundred acres allowed in that farme, in refference to land the Indians had improoved w**in the bounds of it. This worke was done by the Comittee appointed to y® same by this Generall Court. SYMON WILLARD. JOHN PARKER. JONATHAN DANFORTH, Surveyor.” 1 Colonial Records. Vol. IV, Part ii, p. 108. 104 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. In place of this four hundred acres taken out of Mrs. Winthrop’s farm, her heirs were granted six hundred acres elsewhere. The mouth of Bacon Brook. which bounded this Indian plantation south- erly, is a few rods south of the Salem Railroad bridge. The present boundary of Lowell on the east of Concord River falls a little below the lines of the Indian survey. There is no evidence that these Pawtucket Indians were ever troublesome or unfriendly neighbors. In common with other tribes, their numbers had been greatly reduced by a desolating pestilence not long bofore the period of the English colonization; and the wise and Christian missionary labors of Eliot and Gookin among them did not fail to bear important fruit. Had the Indian policy of the country been moulded in later years by the same spirit of benevolence and justice, the nation would have been saved much disaster, expense, and reproach. John Eliot, pastor of Roxbury, 1632-90, began to devote himself to labors among the Indians about the time that the Shawshin settlement became a practical question. Beginning at Nonantum, now Natick, the success of his efforts encouraged their extension, and he soon sought out these Wamesit Indians. Passaconaway, the aged sachem, became friendly, if not Christian, and, in 1660, in a farewell speech to his children and people, he ‘‘ warned them to take heed how they quarrelled with their English neighbors, for though they might do them some damage, yet it would prove the means of their own destruction.” His death did not follow immediately, for, in 1662, he asked and received from the General Court a grant of land ‘‘about Naticot, above Mr. Brenton’s lands, where it is free, a mile & a halfe on either side Merremacke River in breadth & three miles on cither side in length.” ‘'Mr. Brenton’s lands,” here men- tioned, were the early grant of eight thousand acres to Billerica, which the town had sold to that gentleman, and this grant to the sachem was beyond the Souhegan, near Manchester. In 1670, Wannalancet bad succeeded his father as sachem, inheriting his peaceful spirit also. He yielded to Eliot’s faithful persuasions and avowed himself a Christian, 1674, May 5. The account given by Captain Daniel Gookin, of Wamesit and _ its population and the conversion of this chief, is interesting and important as a contemporary narrative, and I give it entire. It was written in 1674, and the writer is himself the ‘‘ English magistrate” mentioned.’ 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections. First Series. Vol. I, p. 186. . THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. 105 ‘“Wamesit is the fifth praying town; and this place is situate upon Merrimak river, being a neck of land where Concord river falleth into Merrimak river. It is about twenty miles from Boston, north north west, and within five miles of Billerica, and as much from Chelmsford, so that it hath Concord river upon the West Northwest, and Merrimak river upon the north north east. It hath about fifteen families, and consequently, as we compute, about seventy-five souls. ‘The quantity of land belonging to it is about twenty-five hundred acres. The land is fertile and yieldeth plenty of corn. It is excellently accommodated with a fishing place, and there is taken variety of fish in their seasons, as salmon, shads, lamprey eels, sturgeon, bass, and divers others. here is a great confluence of Indians that usually resort to this place in the fishing seasons. Of these strange Indians, divers are vitious and wicked men and women, which Satan makes use of to obstruct the prosperity of religion here. Theruler of this people is called Numphow. He is one of the blood of their chief sachems. Their - teacher is called Samuel, son to the ruler, a young man of good parts, and can speak, read and write English and Indian competently. He is one of those that was bred up at school, at the charge of the Corporation, for the Indians. These Indians, if they were diligent and industrious,—to which they have been frequently excited,— might get much by their fish, espe- cially fresh salmon, which are of esteem and good price at Boston in the season; and the Indians being stored with horses of a low price, might furnish the market fully, being at so small a distance. And divers other sort of fish they might salt or pickle, as sturgeon and bass, which would be much to their profit. But notwithstanding divers arguments used to persuade them and some orders made to encourage them, yet their idleness and improvidence doth hitherto prevail. ‘‘At this place once a year, at the beginning of May, the English magistrate keeps his court, accompanied with Mr. Eliot, the minister; who at this time takes his opportunity to preach, not only to the inhabitants, but to as many of the strange Indians that can be persuaded to hear him; of which sort, usually, in time of peace, there are considerable numbers at that-season. And this place being an ancient and capital seat of Indians, they come to fish; and this good man takes this opportunity to spread the net of the gospel to fish for their souls. Here it may not be impertinent to give you the relation following. May 5, 1674, according to our usual custom, Mr. Eliot and myself took our journey to Wamesit, or Pawtuckett ; and arriving there that evening, Mr. Eliot preached to as many of them as could be got together out of Matt. xxii, 1-14, the parable of the marriage of the king’s son. We met at the wigwam of one called Wannalancet, about two miles from the town, near Pawtuckett falls, and bordering upon Merrimak river. This person, Wannalancet, is the eldest son of old Passa~ conaway, the chiefest sachem of Pawtuckett. He is a sober and grave person and of years between fifty and sixty. He hath been always loving and friendly to the English. Many endeavors have been used several years to gain this sachem to embrace the Christian religion; but he hath stood off from time to time and not yielded up himself personally, though for four years past he hath been willing to hear the word of God preached and to 106: ‘HISTORY OF BILLERICA. keep the Sabbath. A great reason that hath kept him off. I conceive, hath been the indisposition and averseness of sundry of his chief men and rela- tions to pray to God; which he foresaw would desert him in case he turned Christian. But at this time, May 6, 1674. it pleased God so’ to influence and overcome his heart, that it being proposed to him to give his answer concerning praying to God, after some deliberation and serious pause, he stood up and made a speech to this effect: Sirs, You have been pleased for four years last past, in your abundant love, to apply yourselves partic- ularly unto me and my people, to exhort, press. and persuade us to pray to God. I am very thankful to you for your pains. I must acknuwledge, said he, I have all my days used to pass in an old canoe (alluding to his frequent custom to pass in a canoe upon the river) and now you exhort me to change and leave my old canoe, and embark in a new canoe, to which I have hitherto been unwilling; but now I yield up myself to your advice, and enter into a new canoe, and do engage to pray to God hereafter. ‘This his professed subjection was well pleasing to all that were present, of which there were some English persons of quality, as Mr. Richard Daniel, a gentleman that lived in Billerica, about six miles off; and Lieut. Henchman, a neighbor at Chelmsford; besides brother Eliot and myself, with sundry others, English and Indians. Mr. Daniel, before named, desired brother Eliot to tell this sachem from him, that it maybe while he went in his old canoe, he passed in a quiet stream: But the end thereof was death and destruction to soul and body. But now he went into a new canoe, perhaps he would meet with storms and trials; but yet he should be encouraged to persevere, for the end of his voyage would be everlasting rest. Moreover, he and his people were exhorted by brother Eliot and myself, to go on and sanctify the sabbath, to hear the Word, and use the means that God hath appointed, and encourage their hearts in the Lord their God. Since that time, I hear this sachem doth persevere, and is a constant and diligent hearer of God’s Word, and sanctifieth the Sabbath, though he doth travel to Wamesit meeting every Sabbath, which is above two miles; and though sundry of his people have deserted him since he subjected to the gospel, yet he continues and persists. ‘In this town they observe the same civil and religious orders as in other towns, and have a constable and other officers. This people of Wamesit suffered more in the late war with the Mohawks than any other praying town of Indians, for divers of their people were slain; others, wounded; and some carried into ¢aptivity ; which providence hath much hindered the prosperous estate of this place.” The picture of this faithful magistrate and friend of the Indians, accompanied by his ‘‘ brother” Eliot, on this annual visit to Wamesit, dispensing justice and the Gospel to the red men there, is full of interest ; and the conversion of Wannalancet might furnish a painter with an attractive subject. Its interest to Billerica would be increased by the presence in it of: Mr. Daniel, our ‘‘English gentleman,” who THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. 107 for ten years resided here with his ‘‘noble” wife, and then returned to England. Wannalancet is credited with building the fort from which ‘‘ Fort Hill” takes its name; and traditions which seem trustworthy fix the site of the log chapel, in which Mr. Eliot preached to the Indians, very near the fine edifice of the Eliot Church. . In the summer of 1675, when the alarm and peril of King Philip’s War assailed the Colony, these Indians retired to the wilderness, at Penacook, (Concord, New Hampshire,) to avoid being involved in it. Still, they were suspected, and in September a company of one hundred men was sent to ascertain the position of Wannalancet in regard to the war. On their approach, the Indians concealed them- selves in the woods, and their deserted wigwams were wantonly burned. But, though thus sorely tempted to join Philip in retalia- tion, the sachem did not forget his father’s counsel, and restrained his young warriors, who were eager to attack the whites. He soon after went farther, to the head waters of the Connecticut, and there spent the winter. The next year the Indians were allured to Dover and unjustly imprisoned; but they were soon set at liberty and returned to their Merrimack home. After the conclusion of the war, the sachem visited the Reverend Mr. Fiske, of Chelmsford. To his question, whether Chelmsford had suffered much, the clergyman replied that they had not, and devoutly thanked God. ‘‘Me next,” said Wannalancet, implying that he had restrained the Indians under his control. Billerica perhaps owed her security during those dark days to the same friendly sachem. But the Indian occupation of Billerica was not confined to Wamesit. The frequency with which their arrow points and other articles are found, shows how numerous they once were. Graves and the site of a wigwam are still shown north of Jaquith Brook, near Concord River; and the north shore of Nutting’s Pond was so distinctively theirs as to be sold by them in 1665. The hill north of this pond was known as Indian Hill. In May, 1665, the town granted to Henry Jefts, ‘‘four acres of land, lying at the Indian Hill . on the north of y° Indian field at Nuttins pond.” In December, “‘the bounds of his land purchased of the Indians at Indian Hill by the pond were taken by Ralph Hill and Jonath: Danforth, which are as followeth: i.e. on the south it is bounded by the pond, and on the southwest, west, and somewhat northerly, it is bounded by that land [above mentioned]; it runnes easterly to a maple marked in the 108... HISTORY OF BILLERICA. swamp and a white oak marked beyond it; both whicb are on the west of the high cleft of rocks; and from thence a little rounding to the N. E. corner of his fence, * and from thence it turnes towards the pond to a red oak with a rock bv it, and from thence it turns a little inward to a bunch of maples by the pond side.” Danforth records the death of his Indian servant, John Warrick, 1686; and, in 1681, James Speen, Indian, receives ‘‘ eight pounds due to y® Indians for four wolves heads,” and other records occur of the same sort. ‘These dusky forms must have been frequently seen in the early homes of Billerica. Did their coming excite fear or confidence, repugnance or pleasure? Whatever it was, the sensation was a familiar one. And, however they had learned to trust their Wamesit neighbors, as they observed the labors of the saintly Eliot among them .and the fruit they bore, the fathers could never be long forgetful of the darker fringe of savage humanity beyond, the working of whose policy or passion might at aimost any moment involve them in peril or ruin. ' This danger hung over the pioneers of Billerica for more than fifty years, and their slumbers were likely to be broken by a warwhoop. In our estimate of their faith and courage in planting the town, this fact should be remembered. The earliest indication of this danger afforded by the Records oceurs in ‘¢1667, 9", 11. At a meeting of the selectmen. It is agreed concerning fortification in this Town, That ther shall be a house built of stone & brick w'" a chimney at y* west end of it, y° dementions of y* house to bee twenty-six foote in length, twenty-two foot wide from outside to outside, with a doore three foot wide on y* south side, near y* west end, & two windows, one at y° east end & y* other on y* south side, being each window three foot wide & two foot & a half in height, all in y* clear; y* walls of y* house shalbe nine foote in height from y* floore to y* under side of y* plate; also, a floore, lying one foot below y* plate, with crosse rufiers, y* long girt lying cross y® house; also, ther shalbe iron barres in each window & one window at y* gable end on y* east; y° roofe of y* house to be sawne stuffe, covered with bords, chamfered & after shingled. And for y* effecting of y* premises, we do agree that hands shall forthwith be employed to digge clay and stones, & y* rest of y® work to be carried on with as much convenient speed as may be, according to y* order of y* gen" Court.” 4 The order of the General Court was passed in May, 1667, requiring every town to erect, ‘‘either inclosing the meeting-house, THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. 109 or in'some other convenient place, a fortification, or fort, of stone, brick, timber, or earth, as the place maybe most capable, of such dimensions as may best suit their ability, where women, children, & the aged inaybe secured in case of sudden danger, whereby the souldjers maybe more free to oppose an enemy.” But this fortification never was built, whether because the tax was too great, or the alarm less, we can only conjecture; but this description is interesting in depicting the house the fathers would have built for such a purpose. Eight years passed, and the peril came in earnest, the most critical hour, perhaps, in the history of New England. The Indians, alarmed at the growing numbers and strength of the settlements, and incited by resentment for fancied. and, perhaps, some real injuries, rose in a determined effort to exterminate the colonists. Philip, chief of the Pokanokets, was the leader, enlisting the Narragansetts and as many others of the natives as he was able. They fell upon Swanzey, and soon after Brookfield suffered. Deerfield was burned, and Hadley attacked. Springfield, Northfield, Lancaster, Medfield, Weymouth, Groton, and Marlborough were successively the victims of savage assaults; and where the next blow might fall was an ever present dread in every hamlet and home. Had the Wamesit Indians joined in the fray, Billerica would probably have been among the first to suffer. The town and perhaps the Colony owed its salvation to their friendly neutrality. Eliot and Gookin had such reward as they did not foreseg for their benevolent labors. Other reward they had too, in the suspicion and bitter denunciation of many of the people, because they would not turn away from the friendly Indians, when the popular feeling included all red men in a common conspiracy and malignity. The alarm came unexpectedly upon the town. On the third-of May the selectmen ‘‘ order the constables watch to cease this present sumer unless greater need appear.” The need did appear, and the. following pages of the record are of sifficient interest to be exactly reproduced. , “13. 6™, 75. At a publick Towne Meeting. ‘The Towne, considering the providence of God at the p'sent calling us to lay aside our ordinary occations in providing for our creatures and to take special care for the p'serving of our lives and the lives of our wives and children, the enemy being near and the warnings by gods providence upon our neighbors being very solemne and awfull, do therefore order & 110 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. agree joyntly to p'pare a place of safety for women and children, and that all persons and teams shall attend y® said worke untill it be finished; and account of y® wholl charge being kept, it shalbe equally divided upon the inhabitants with other Towne charges. Also they appoint Serj" ffoster, Serjt Tompson, Sam! Manning & Jonathan Danforth to be overseers of y® same.” “8, 8m, 75. Ata meeting of ye selectmen & comittee of millitia. ‘In persuance of an order from the Hon‘ Councill, sent unto them by warrant from y* worsh?! Simon Willard Esquir, Serg™’ Major, in reference to the gathering the inhabitants of the towne into severall garrisons according to their best capacity. ‘‘ Imprs. They have ordered serg™t Hill’s house to be a garrison for that end of ye towne, taking to it Nathaniel & Jonathan Hill, Tho: Dutton Jun’, Lt. W™, ffrench, Will™ Chamberline Sen', & Isaac Chamberline, & two soldiers; nine soldiers & five houses. ; “2. ffor y¢ Southend of y® towne Serg™ ffoster’s house is appointed & so to take to it his son Joseph ffoster, James ffrost, Joseph ffrench, Joseph Walker, Daniel Rogers, John Kitteridge, Thomas Richardson, and two soldiers; ten soldiers and six houses. ‘3, They appoint Simon Crosbees house for garrison and to receive Mr. Daniel, in cases, William and Jacob Hamlet, Jonathan Hides, Serj‘. Tompson, Peter Bracket and three soldiers; 7 families. : ‘4, They order to the Reverend Mr. Samuel Whiting, his house, Thomas Dutton Sent & his son John, Daniel Shed Sen' & his son John Shed, John Durrant, John Rogers Sen" & his three sons, John. Thomas & Nathaniel Rogers, and two soldiers; eleven soldiers & six families; & this to bee y® maine garrison & y® last refuge in case of extremity. “5, They appoint Thomas Pattins house for garrison and to entertaine Goldin Moore, Samuel ffrost, Jn° Kidder, Roger Toothaker & John Trull; seven soldiers & five families. “6. They appoint James Patterson’s house for garrison & to enter- taine John Baldwin, Edward & Tho’. Farmer, Henery & John Jeiffs & two soldiers; 8 soldiers & 4 families. | / ‘*7, Whereas severall at ye north end of y® towne have already departed their own Habitations & several of y™ vnwilling to returne to y™ againe at y® present, Hence they order them to be entertained in y? body of y® towne. ‘*8, They order Serg™t Kidder & Jonathan Danforth’s houses to be garrison houses, & to entertaine as shall after be ordered to them. “9. ‘They order that y* psons ordered to each garrison shall dispose of their corne (acording to ye order of y*® Councill) neer unto. their owne garrisons, unless they can els where better secure the same. ‘10. They order that every p*on afores? shall equally contribute in labour or otherwise to fortify each house of’ garrison to which they are appointed and seasonably to attend y® same, acording to y* Councill’s order, both p*ons & teames to attend ye same as in ye order of highway worke is MONASH LO AHL ATAVHOUd PHUHOLAId Save HONRMT oy NOSRRIVD ; WO “O29T THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. 111 required, untill ye worke be done. Only in case Mr. Daniel and Mr. Laine fortify themselves (they being very far from neighbours) they shall then be freed from fortifying ye garrisons to which they are appointed. And are also impowered to keape a watch at their owne and to examine p*ons as other watches may do. “11. They order that the Comitee of millitia & selectmen, each person that do pertaine to any garrison, shall order & regulate y® worke of y® same as overseers, & Serg™ Kidder is appointed overseer of Mr. Whiting’s garrison, Joseph Tompson of Thomas Pattin’s, & Jonathan Danforth of James Paterson's garrison, & that any three of y® s¢ Comitee & selectmen may determine what shalbe done in reference to the fortifying each garrison & to determine any difference that may arise respecting y® same. ‘*12. They order that all brush & underwood near y® aforesaid garri- sons shalbe cutt up and cleared away, acording to the Council’s order, each person to attend ye same both for time & place as they shall have after order. Also they order each inhabitant to attend their severall watches, as formerly, untill further order.” “14, 8m. 1675. At a meeting of ye Hon" major Willard, The Select meri, & Comittee of millitia. These severall orders were read before ye Hon" ‘Major afores?, considered and allowed by him, & y® inhabitants enjoyned to attend y® same. ‘* At the same time George ffarley’s house is allowed for garrison and to entertain more as it may be capable in time of extremity, as shalbe after ordered to him. ' ‘‘ Also Jacob Frenches house is allowed for a garrison and to entertain John French, Corp! Marshall. Thomas Rosse, Will™ Chamberline Jun’ & two soldiers; seaven soldiers & four houses; and Corporal Marshall to be y® overseer & master of the garrison. *: Also, to Sargent Kidder’s house is ordered Daniel Shed Jun, Samuel Trull & John Brackit, James Kidder Junr, and two soldiers; 7 soldiers & 4 families. “To Jonathan Danforth’s house is ordered Samuel Manning, John Dunkin, Jonathan Danforth Fu & 2 soldiers; 6 soldiers & 3 families. ‘The Masters of ye severall garrison houses are the Rev4 Mr. Whiting, Serg™t Kidder, Serg™* Foster, Serg"t Hill, Serg"t Tompson, Corp! Marshall, Jonathan Danforth, Thomas Pattin & James Paterson. ** Also, Timothy Brookes house is allowed for garrison & to entertain Michael Bacon’s family, & to have two garrison soldiers to defend ye mill & himself y¢ master of the garrison. “+ Also, it is ordered that the severall soldiers sent hither to garrison shall assist in fortifying y* severall houses to which they are appointed, as also to clear away such brush as is near such houses appointed for garrison, as they shull be ordered from time to time. * Also, it is ordered that no listed soldier of the Troop, or of yé¢ foot company, shall remove their habitations & abode out of the town without liberty first had & obtained from the Major of y* regiment or Comittee 112 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. of millitia & selectmen of the town, on y® peril of such a fine as shalbe imposed on them by such authority as shall have power to determine y® same. “Neither shall any soldier afores? absent himself out of the towne about any private occations of his owne without leave first had and obtained from ye master of the garison to which they belong, vnder the penalty of five shillings p day for every such defect. to be levied by y*® Clark of y® band, as other fines for defect in training days are levied., ‘“‘ And further, it is ordered, in case of an alarme every soldier shall repair to y* garrison vnto which he is appointed. ‘“‘And in case any garison house be set upon by y® enemje, Then y® garrisons next to them shall send reliefe to them as they are capable, not leaving their owne garrison without competent security for the time. ‘- And in case of need, the women & children shall be conveyed to y* inaine garison, if it may bee with safety, that so there maybe the better supply in case of need, the cheife officer to order and regulate the same, where there may be time so to do. ‘* Also, the soldiers in garrison with us and the rest of the inhabitants - yét remain vnder y® comand of y® cheife officer. for ranging and scouting, as the case may require, still securing y® towne in general. “ Also, it is ordered, that every pson that shall shoot off a gun, small or great, without leave from a comander or in case of offence or defence against an enemie, shall pay as a fine two shillings & six pence, or set oft so much of their wages if they be garison men. *- Also. the Selectmen & Comittee shall have further power to act in and about the premises (keeping to the order of the Hon‘ Council afore- said) so as may best conduce to the benefit of the wholl, although in some, respects altering what is already ordered. ‘‘ Also, Job Laine was allowed to fortify his owne house, and to have two soldiers for garrison men to defend his house, in case y® country could spare them. * All this is allowed & confirmed by me, “Sr: WILLARD. Serj.-Major.” It needs no lively imagination, reading between the lines of this record, to depict something of the tumult, hardship, and peril through which Billerica was passing. Families fled from their homes to the garrison-houses, or the greater security of the lower towns. ‘The labors of the field gave place to fortifying, scouting, and watching. The corn must be removed to safer receptacles. ‘They organize a military company with Jonathan Danforth, lieutenant, and James Kidder, ensign. Some of their own brave sons enlist in the service of the Colony and march to peril and death. Timothy Farley was killed at Quaboag, August 2, in the assault on Lieutenant Wheeler’s company, and John French carried through life the effect of the THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. 113 wounds received there. And two mothers approaching their con- finement sought comfort and safety in Charlestown —the wives of John Marshall and of the pastor; nor is it too much to infer that the anxiety and hardship they had suffered may explain the death, in a few days, of the sons born to them there.* Forty-eight families are enumerated in the list of assignments above given. In 1677, a question arose and it was decided by the General Court, that the families who ‘‘departed the town” at this time should pay their war tax in Billerica. The names of seven are recorded as involved in this decision. Three of these are included in the above forty-eight: Timothy Brooks, Michael Bacon, and Joseph Foster. The four others who fled from the town were John Blood, Robert Blood, Josiah Bracket, and John Poulter. But the Blood brothers, notwithstanding this decision, seem to have been doubtfully attached to Billerica, and were soon after recognized as belonging to Concord. Billerica had then fifty families, in 1675. The location of these garrisons was substantially as follows: Sergt. Ralph Hill’s house was near Mrs. Boyden’s and opposite the late Captain Ranlett’s. It stood till about 1850. Sergt. Thomas Foster’s house was near Mr. Mason’s, southeast of Bare Hill; and Simon Crosby’s was northwest of the same hill, near the fork of the Lexington and Woburn Roads. Rev. Samuel Whiting’s, the main garrison, was just north of Charnstaffe Lane and west of the brook. Thomas Patten’s was near the house of Mr. Frank Richardson. James Paterson’s was the most northerly garrison, near Mr. Sanborn’s. Sergeant Kidder’s and Jonathan Danforth’s were opposite each other on West Street, the former on the south side, where Gardner Parker, Esq., lives; and Danforth’s still standing, or rather just disappearing as this is written, in 1879, the only structure in town which is an incontestible relic of that day. George Farley’s was near the Jaquith place, southwest of the village; and Jacob French’s was near, if not identical with, the house in which Mr. James Fletcher resides, a half-mile east of the village. Mr. French’s house, years later, stood on the east side of the road, but he may have changed his own residence; or, as uncertain as roads often were in those days, this may easily have been turned from one side of the house to the other. Certainly the brick-lined walls and general structure of this venerable 3 See baptismal record of the First Church, Charlestown, in Historical and Genealogical Register. Vol. XXVI, p. 155. 114, HISTORY OF BILLERICA. building represent the architecture of that period, and probably they are the same within which five families kept their dreary and painful watch and ward, in 1675. Timothy Brooks owned the mill at the falls of the Shawshin, in the east part of Bedford. Mr. Daniel, who had leave to fortify his own house, was on the south side of the Woburn Road, near the Shawshin River; and Job Lane, who bought the Winthrop Farm, lived very near, if not in the same ancient house, just north of Huckins Street, in Bedford, where Mr. Hiram Dutton now lives. How much labor was spent in fortifying we may gather some idea by gleaning from the record the fact that the work done on Mr. Whiting’s house, under the charge of Peter Bracket, employed thirty men, with several cattle, a little more than two days each, and the amount credited was eight pounds, six shillings, and nine pence. But.the blow so long dreaded and guarded against did not fall, and the town was mercifully spared more than its common share in the burdens and losses of Philip's War. That share was sufficiently trying, and bore heavily upon the inhabitants. ; Chelmsford was not quite as exempt. A letter from that town,* dated ‘25: 12". 1675,” reports that scouts found three dwellings burnt, ‘‘near where Joseph Parker was formerly shot,” (he with others having been fired upon by Indians, but not killed,) and other signs of hostile Indians, and the more remote inhabitants had fled into the body of the town. Indians had been seen from Billerica on the west side of the Concord River, and fires, which were suspected to be signs of their presence. The letter asks an order to Billerica, ‘tor otherwise,” to secure ‘‘the bridge between them & us,” and adds that some of their men are out, on Major Willard’s order, and some on the other side of the Merrimack, to secure the corn of Colburn and others residing there, which Lieutenant Henchman had orders to do, and carry it over to his own house. A petition from Groton illustrates the situation of Billerica as well, during this anxious and tedious winter of 1675-6.° It‘* humbly shows” :— ‘¢That, whereas it seemeth meet to your worships to commend unto our honored Major Willard and impose upon him the maintaining a con- tinued scout of forty troopers and dragoons, to range between Groton, Lancaster, and Marlborough and those parts; we make bold humbly to 4 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. LXVIII, 144. 5 See History of Groton, p. Tl. THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. 115 present our conceptions upon that account. For Marlborough we do con- ceive the present supply left there in garrison‘do answer the end more fully, and will also render our scout an unnecessary burden; for Lancaster and Groton we find by experience that the safety is little advanced in this way, by reason of so long absence and so great distance of this scout, necessary in this method. Besides the incumbrance lying upon us for quarters for horse and men, besides the drawing up of our men from several towns to such a limit, seems to carry inconvenience with it; the towns from whence our forces are raised, especially Chelmsford and Billerica, being weak and in want of more strength at home, and danger occurring to them by the sudden and suspicious removal of the Weymessit Indians, whose troopers do hereupon desire a release. Moreover, the con- ceptions of the towns related, conceive humbly, that a scout of garrison soldiers, though of a less number and these footmen, whom the towns may out of themselves make dragoons, by order from authority as occasion may present, ‘would be more for the security of the towns; besides the hazard in which so small a number must needs go in, as we have sufficient ground to suspect by experience, and many emergencies which may sud- denly fall out before address be made to your worships. We humbly present to your honors consideration, and if it seem rational, to alter or add to this matter, according to your discretion. ‘* Your honors humble supplicants, “JAMES PARKER. ; THO: WHEELER. ‘GROTON, Feb. 6, 1675-6. HENRY WOODHOUSE.” Mr. Parker had been an early citizen of Billerica, and this petition was dated only three or four days before the burning of Lancaster, and five weeks before that of Groton. It was written by Rev. Samuel Willard, of Groton, afterwards President of Harvard College, and son of Major Simon Willard, who was now devoting the last energies of his useful life to the defence of the Colony; his death occuring April 24th. On March 29th he was in Chelmsford, and ordered the fortifying of Billerica bridge at the request of the people. At the same time Jonathan Danforth was in Cambridge, employed as the following paper shows : —* ‘* CAMBRIDGE, 28: 1: 1676. “In obedience to an order of the Honorable Council, March, 1675-6, appointing us whose names are underwritten as a committee to consult the several towns of the County of Middlesex with reference to the best means of the preservation of our out-towns, remote houses and farms, for their 6 Groton, p. 72. 116 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. security from the common enemy; we having sent to the several towns to send us their apprehensions by some one meet person of each town, this day we consulted concerning the same and have concluded to propose as followeth: ‘1. ‘That the towns of Sudbury, Concord, and Chelmsford be strength- ened with forty men apiece, which said men are to be improved in scouting . between town and town, who are to be commanded by men of prudence, courage, and interest, in the said towns, and the parties in each town are to be ordered to keep together in some place commodious in said towns, and not in garrisoned houses; and these men to be upon charge of the country. “2, That for the security of Billerica there be a garrison of a number competent at Weymessit, who may raise a thousand bushels of corn upon the lands of the Indians in that place; may be improved daily in scouting and ranging the woods between Weymessit and Andover and on the west of Concord river, on the east and north of Chelmsford, which will discover the enemy before he comes to the towns and prevent lurking Indians about our towns. Also, that they shall be in a readiness to succor any of the three towns at any time, when in distress; also, shall be ready to join with others to follow the enemy upon a sudden, after their appearing. “3. That ‘such towns as Lancaster, Groton, and Marlborough, that are forced to remove, and have not some advantage of settlement (peculiar) in the Bay, be ordered to settle at the frontier towns that- remain, for their strengthening ; and the people of the said towns to which they are appointed are to see to their accommodation in the said towns. ‘4, ‘That the said towns have their own men returned that are abroad, and their men freed from impressment during their present state. **5. ‘That there be appointed a select number of persons in each town of Middlesex, who are, upon any information of the distress of any town, forthwith to repair to the relief thereof; and that such information maybe seasonable, the towns are to dispatch posts, each town to the next, till notice be conveyed over the whole country, if need be. ‘And in reference to the line of stocadoes proposed to the serious consideration, after our best advice upon it. it is conceived by ourselves and by all the persons sent by the several towns, that it is not admissible for the reasons following : , ‘ . ‘1. The excessive charge to effect it, maintain and keep it, the line being conceived, by those that know it best, to be longer than is proposed ; neither can several fords fall in the line, unless it be run so crooked that it will be more disadvantage than profit. ‘*2. The length of time before it can be accomplished, in which time it is to be feared that many of the towns included will be depopulated, unless other means prevent. “3. The damage it will be in taking off laborers, which in this season of the year had need be improved in sowing and planting, help in many places being very scarce. ‘‘4.. The usefulness of it, when it is done, it being so easy a matter to break through it, and the rivers which are to fence a great part of these pene Fo ete ead x THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. 117 towns are fordable in several places, and in all other places passable by rafts, &c., which is much'in use by the Indians at this day. We might add the great discontent and mourning of the people in general, so far as we have had opportunity to discover concerning it, that we fear the imposing -of such a thing would effect an ill consequence. These things considered, besides several other reasons of weight that might be added, cause us to present our apprehensions, as in the first place we did, that the drawing of this line at this time is not admissible; but all with humble submission to your Honors in the case. ‘Your humble servants, -“ WuGH MASON. JONATHAN DANFORTH. RicHarD Lowpon.” The share that Billerica took in the military service is suggested by items like these :’ Samuel Whiting is enrolled among the troopers ; Job Lane is impressed; and Daniel Rogers, from December to Feb- ruary, 1675. And when, fifty years after, Massachusetts rewarded the soldiers in this war somewhat tardily by land-grants, the following Billerica men or their heirs shared in these ‘( Narragansett” grants, proving that they- had been in the service: Samuel Hunt, John Needham, James Paterson, Nathaniel Rogers, John Shed, John Sheldon, John Stearns, Joseph Thompson. These and possibly others are the men alluded to in the following action of the town, in June, 1676: ‘‘The selectmen, considering the necessity of some speedy care to be taken that y* corne of those souldiers that are now in the country service should forthwith be dressed, do order the constables to take special care of y® same, & * * to impress persons into that worke, as need shall require; . & that y* constables lay not the burden of this worke upon some few particular persons, but as much in general as may bee, only taking them most that may bee in y* best capacity to attend it with least damage.” The position of the Christian Indians at Wamesit and other ‘¢ praying towns” was one of especial embarrassment and hardship during these dark days. Gookin was their candid judge. as well as their true friend, and his estimate of their attitude was amply vindicated by later developments. They were honestly friendly, and desired to act on the former advice of Passaconaway. Gookin wished that advantage be taken of this fact, and that their forts at 7 Massachusetts Archives. Vols. LXVIII, LXIX, and CXIV, p. 104. 8 See his account of the Christian Indians, in Archeologia Americana. Vol. I, p. 411. 118 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Fort Hill and elsewhere should be manned by a few English soldiers, who could direct and use the activity of the Indians in the public defence. But the excited imaginations of the English, generally, could appreciate no distinction of friendly and hostile Indians, and every red man was a foe to be dreaded and distrusted, if not shot at sight ; and Captain Gookin’s wise plan of defence stood no chance of being accepted. The hostile Indians, of course, sought every opportunity, and found many, to foment this jealousy, if they could not win the Christian Indians to their side. Wannalancet, the Wamesit sachem, had retired at the beginning of the war to the vicinity of Penacoock (Concord), and subsequently to the region of the upper Connecticut, resisting overtures from the English to induce him to return. A portion of the tribe remained at Pawtucket. James Richardson, of Chelmsford, was for a time in charge of them; and a barn or haystack belonging to him was burned by skulking hostile Indians, as were two or three houses in the same town. The unfortunate Wamesits were falsely charged with these acts; and a party of fourteen Chelmsford men, under pretence of scouting for Philip’s forces, went out to assail them.° Calling the unsuspecting Indians from their wigwams, two of the party fired. Five women and children were wounded, and one boy was killed. The others were restrained from their murderous purpose, and the outrage was severely condemned by the better part of the English. The murderers were tried; but the juries, swayed by the popular feeling, would not convict them. The Indians saw that however friendly they might be their lives were in peril, and fled to the woods for safety. The Council sent Lieutenant Henchman to persuade them to return, but at first without avail. After three weeks of great suffering for want of food, most of them, however, did return. The Council directed Major Henchman to treat them kindly, and sent Rev. John Eliot, with Majors Gookin and Willard, to encourage them and try to persuade, the Chelmsford people to treat them better. It is not easy to determine the order of events, and the following incidents were probably concurrent with or prior to some of those above mentioned. The Court, ag well as the Chelmsford men, undertook to punish the Wamesits for wrongs of which not these but others were guilty. They were summoned, and brought down to Boston; convicted, on no good evidence, of the Chelmsford fires, ° Felt’s Annals. Vol. II, p. 578. * THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. 119 and for a time imprisoned. Most of them were soon liberated and sent home, under conduct of Lieutenant Richardson. But a military company was encountered at Woburn on their way, and one of the soldiers against orders fired and killed a young brave. The murderer was acquitted by a jury. The Indians, alarmed by these repeated wrongs, again fled. They left behind six or seven persons too old, or invalid to accompany them; and the wigwam in which these unfortunates were left was set on fire by inhuman white men and consumed with all its inmates. The wretched remnant of the Wamesits, convinced at last that there was no peace for them in their Pawtucket homes, finally joined their chief in the depths of the forest, and did not return until the war was over. It would not be strange if in retaliation for their wrongs some of the Wamesits were responsible, as was charged, for later assaults. Mr. Hubbard, the pastor of Ipswich, in his Indian Wars, thus explains an attack at Andover. He records the burning of a house there and wounding of one Roger Marks, and adds: ‘‘Two more houses about Shawshen, beyond the said Andover, were burned about March 10; also they killed a young man of the said Town, April 8, the son of George Abbot. And another son of his was carried away the same day, who yet was returned some few months after, almost pined to Death with Hunger.” Mr. Abbot lived on the Shawshin, in the west part of Andover, and the inference which has been drawn from Hubbard’s language, that the houses ‘about Shawshen” which were burned were in Billerica, has no good foun- dation and is improbable. Joseph Abbot, of Andover, was slain, as we have seen, on April 8. The next day, which was the Sabbath, a special alarm occurred in Billerica, and troops from below were summoned to the defence of the town. Increase Mather tells us: ‘This day, being the Lord’s Day, there was an alarum at Charlestown, Cambridge, & other towns, by reason that sundry of the enemy were seen at Billerica, and (it seemeth) had shot a man there.” A letter from John Cotton is also quoted, saying, ‘‘the Indians beset Billerica round about, the inhabitants being at meeting.” Read Mather’s doubtful statement about ‘‘a young man murdered there,” in the light of Hubbard’s record that Joseph Abbot was killed at Andover the day previous, and it becomes clearly probable that 10 History, (Reprint of 1862,) p. 133. 120 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. the trouble and bitterness of that anxious day were not intensified by the actual death of any one here. This probability is strengthened by the fact that Danforth, who records carefully by name all the victims of the massacres in 1692 and 1695, makes no such record at this time, as he surely would not have omitted to do, if one of the sons of Billerica had then fallen, in circumstances so sad and striking Another glimpse of this Sabbath alarm is preserved in the following curious paper. Jobn Seers, constable of ‘‘ Wooburne,” petitions the Court, 1676, May 10, complaining of John Wiman, ‘*for resisting his impressment of a horse, when some time last April, Capt. J°. Cottler marched through oburn with several soldiers to go to bilerekye against the Indians, he having a warrant from our honred. maygor Willard, late deseased, to myselfe & the constable at bilerekye, to impress horses or anything. * * because of the stir at bilerekye, about 20 of the best of our horses & men were gone up to help them, & horses were very scarce.” He goes on to recite the hard words and resistance of Wyman, and prays ‘‘for such action as will prevent such abuse, * * that soe I & other constables may not goe in fear of our lives, when we are upon the execution of our ofess,” etc. Plainly the day when twenty troopers from Woburn came to the rescue of Billerica was one of serious alarm and agitation here. But the days of this dark trial were approaching an end, and, August 1, it was ordered, ‘‘that the garison soldiers of Billerica, Chelmsford, & Groton be dismissed,” unless those towns should within six days make the necessity of their continuance appear to the Council. Philip was killed on the 12th of August, and peace ensued, except on the eastern border, where the war dragged on another season. But its alarms no longer thrilled the homes of Billerica. Families could return to their houses and resume their accustomed duties. Farmers could plant and reap without expecting to hear a warwhoop ; and Mr. Whiting could write his sermons undisturbed by a sentinel’s tread, and preach without. having guns stacked at the church. Groton was less fortunate, in its greater suffering, and it was not till the spring of 1678 that its exiled inhabitants were able to reoccupy their deserted homes. Of the condition in which the town was left at the close of the war, we have fortunately a description in the language of the THE INDIANS AND WAMESIT. 121 . Selectmen, whose petition to the General Court, ‘1676, Bm, 12,” is preserved :—” ‘*Whereas, by an order of this Hon™ Court, May the last, for the levying of 10 single country rates, it was ordered that the frontier towns, which were considerably weakened in persons or estates by reason of y° enemie, should represent their condition to this Court. ‘These are humbly to entreat this Hon™ Court to consider the condition of our towne, being weakened both in psons & estates by reason of the distress of the war, by reason of some persons removing from us the last winter & spring into other inland towns, & have paid their last 10 rates in those places to which they went; others put off their cattell or took them to other towns, (for fear of losing them here by y® enemie,) & so are lyable to pay rates where they are, or else have spent great part of them in billetting garrison souldiers. . ‘Six persons & their families removed out of town & paid elsewhere, so that, Whereas, our single country rate in Aug. 1675, was 14, 07, 09; when we took an exact list of all, according as the law directs, y* whole was but 11, 10.3. We bumbly intreat this Hon™ Court to give order to the country treasurer to abate us such a proportion as our rate falls short of what it was, that so our inhabitants may not be burthened beyond the true intent of y* law, especially considering that part of that estate that paid in our town the last year, do pay these 10 rates in other towns, & “we nevertheless pay o* full rate, according to law. Also, we humbly intreat this Hon" Court to consider o' poor towne in reference to the great charge we have been at in keeping garrison soulders for the defense of towne & country, both the last year & this sumer, which in all does amount to as much as 12 men’s billet 35 weeks, or 420 weeks of one man, the burden of. the same lying upon some few men, others there not capable to do it; also many of our inhabitants are grown very low, several persons at this time having no bread corne; yet considerable families to provide for; & in general we all drew very heavily, not knowing how to pay our dues & maintain our families. ~ ‘We humbly intreat this Hon™ Court to consider our low condition & abate us in our after rates, as in your wisdom you shall see meet; so shall you further oblige your ** Humble Servants, “JONATHAN DANFORTH, RALPH HI i, JOSEPH THOMPSON, JOHN FRENCH, : The Selectmen of Billerica.” Chelmsford and other towns presented similar appeals for relief, and were answered favorably ; but for some reason which does not 1 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. LXIX, 69. 122 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. appear, answer to Billerica was not made until 1677, October, and after a second petition had come from the selectmen. Then the Town Record says :” *‘the Court ordering that those families which did depart y* towne should pay their ten rates to us, notwithstanding their payment of them elsewhere.” Seven names follow of the persons concerned: ‘John & Robert Blood, Mih: Bacon, Tim: Brooks, Josia Bracket, J°° Poulter, & Jos: Foster”; and the sum which the constables are ordered to collect was thirty-one pounds, ‘sand to add or abate for transportation.” In June, 1677, an expedition, numbering two hundred Indians from Natick and forty English soldiers, was sent, under Captain Benjamin Swett, of Hampton, to the Kennebec, where the Indians were reported to have six forts well furnished. It ended in disaster ; and one Billerica soldier who was involved has left a record of it in his petition for relief.“ Thomas Dutton states that he ‘‘was imprest’ from Billerica and sent to the eastward.” He was in ‘‘that fatal scirmish in which Capt. Swett, the worthy commander, was slain, and almost all his offisirs, with about 50 men and 21 more wounded.” Dutton was one of the wounded; ‘‘shot through the side of my belt & through the left knee, & fell down not able to help” himself. He recites a long story and asks, with apparent justice, for relief from the General Court. 12 See also Records of Massachusetts. Vol. V, p. 173. 13 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. LXIX, 209. CHAPTER VIII. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. From the close of Philip’s War, in 1676, a period of peace with the Indians ensued for fifteen years. These years were not, however, free from anxiety and frequent alarms. The most interesting incident in the Indian history of Billerica during this period was the procuring of an Indian Deed. It is found in the Middlesex Records, Vol. IX, p. 274, and, omitting much legal phraseology, affirms, ‘‘that Sarah Indian, daughter of John Tahattawan, John Thomas and his wife Robert, John Nomphow and his mother Bess, all of Weymesitt, and Thomas Waban and his mother, the relict of old Waban, of Natick, deceased; For and in consideration of the full and just sume of 13 pounds sterling, silver, New England coyned, to them well and truly payd, by Jonathan Danforth, of Billerica, for the use of said town of Billerica; i. e. to Sarah aforesaid, 5 p., to John Thomas and his wife, 50 shillings, to John Nomphow and his mother, 3 p., to Thomas Waban and his mother, fifty shillings, etc., Have granted * * all and all manner of Indian right and claim to that whole parcel of land, granted by the General Court of this Colony, to be called by the name of Billerica, lying on both sides of the Shawshin river, and on both sides of Concord river, bounded by Merrimac river North, Andover North east; Woburn South, and Concord West, to have and tohold * * without the lawful claim of any Indian whatsoever.” The date of this deed is, 5 June, 1685. Whether the motive which led to the acquisition of an Indian title at this late day was purely benevolent may be doubted. A conflict of claims as to the bounds’ of the town on the west side of Concord River had arisen. The bounds of the grant from the General Court were obscure, and, in 1684, the Bloods had obtained an Indian deed to quite a large tract, claimed also by Billerica, in the vicinity of the present Carlisle 124 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Village. The line described in the deed to Blood was ‘‘to begin at the North corner of Mr. Allen’s farm,” or not far from opposite the Two Brothers rocks, ‘‘to begin to state a straight line over the highest place of the great hill, called by y° Indians Puckatasset, till it come to Chelmsford line,” including all the land between the Bloods farms and Chelmsford line, ‘till you come to a little brook at Concord village, [now Acton line, ] and so down to the great river by Concord old bounds.” This description includes meadows which Billerica had granted to her own citizens twenty years earlier, and to which her right was confirmed, in 1700, by the General Court. When Billerica obtained her Indian deed, it was probably fell: to be prudent to secure whatever title the natives could give, and not leave the benefit of it to the unjust claim of the Bloods. With the increase of English neighbors, the Indians at Wamesit found their home there less satisfactory, or the prices offered for their lands more so, and gradually sold their reservation. ‘‘ Wanalanset, Sachem,” and others sell to Jonathan Tyng, 1687, December 2, two parcels, of which one was on the east of Concord River, and is described as containing ‘‘ the old Planting ground, which the Indians, who were the former proprietors thereof, and their associates, used to employ & improve, by planting, fishing, & Dwelling thereon, for many years past, and contains 212 acres, more or less; and is bounded by Merrimac river four score pole, and so runs in a straight line nearest the south, to take in the greatest part of the old Fort Hill; and bounded south by the fence of the old Indian field, and West by Concord river.”* This description includes less than half of the five hundred acres granted by the Court to the Indians there ; but it is improbable that they would have sold this angle between the rivers first, and, if they did not, then this is the date when the Indian title there ceased. Mr. Tyng, however, deemed his Indian title not quite sufficient, | and petitioned the Governor,’ reciting that he had given satisfaction to the Indians to leave the same, and praying for a grant of the said lands, under ‘‘such moderate quit-rents and acknowledgment as to yo" Exc’ shall seem meet.” ’ The Winthrops had already raised the question, whether the lapse of the Indian title would not open the way for them to reclaim the full bound of their early grant. When the Indian reservation at 1 Middlesex ‘‘Deeds,” Vol. XVI, p. 647. 2 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. CXXVIII, 274. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 125 Wamesit was taken from their grant, the Court gave them leave to locate an equivalent elsewhere; but, for some reason, they did not avail themselves of this permission. They may have anticipated the departure of the Indians, and preferred to retain the chance of recovering here. For this purpose, as early as 1679, Mr. Wait Winthrop presented a petition to the Court.’ After reciting the fact and motives of the grant to his grandmother, he adds that ‘‘ about y® yeare 1661 or 1662 some psons, zealous To settle y° Indyans in some civil and ecclesiastical state, moved y* Gen! Court to grant pt of s‘ land, called, as I suppose, Wameset, for an Indian plantacon, which y° Gen’ Court granted, ordering y° like quantity or value of other lands To be laid out to us in Lew thereof.” He explains why the interests of the family were not defended, in opposition to this action, and proceeds to say, ‘‘ that noe land hath been laid out since for our family ; and Though God has pleaded our Right by expelling y® Indian inhabitants and leaving y° land in statu quo prius, yet I have informatcon that some English have, by Addresses to y* Honr?@ Court, petitioned for y* same or part thereof. My humble request therefore is, that That which was soe long agoe, and upon such good and grateful consideracons granted to us, may not be disposed from us, or. if any grant to that purpose be already made, the same may bee suspended Till our Claymes and right may, at y* Appointment of this Hon'ble Court, further appeare.” The Court, however, seems not to have favored Winthrop’s petition, and Mr. Tyng secured the title, which he sold to Borland, in 1687. The peace secured by Billerica and other towns from Indian assaults was precarious and maintained only by constant vigilance. In 1689, Dover suffered a deadly assault, in which Major Richard Waldron, one of her oldest and foremost citizens, was barbarously murdered. European policy was perhaps the occasion of this out- break, for’ the Revolution in England gave the French, who ruled Canada, a pretence for instigating this attack. Five days later, July 12, Lieutenant Henchman reports‘ Indian spies around the garrisons in Dunstable and asks for relief, ‘‘20 men or more,” a request soon repeated by the selectmen of that town. There was need enough for the military company which existed in Billerica, and of which an interesting glimpse is preserved in a report to the ‘‘onered goviner and counsel and jentlemen represent- 3 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. XLV, 173. 4 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. CVILI, 198. 126 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. atives,” giving account of the choice of officers, 1689, June 17.° Captain Danforth led the company out, gave them liberty of choice, manifested his own unfitness for the place and willingness that another be chosen. Only those who were twenty-one years old voted. They took Captain Danforth at his word, and gave him only twelve votes, to thirty-five for Lieut. Joseph Tompson. Sergt. John Marshall was chosen lieutenant and Oliver Whiting ensign. Samuel Frost, whose spélling is marvellous, if he was ‘‘ Clark,” makes this return, and craves confirmation of the company’s choice from the authorities. The representatives confirm it, but the governor and council ‘‘consent not”; and, disregarding the popular will, they ‘insist that Danforth remain Captain and Tompson Lieutenant, though Oliver Whiting is allowed as ensign.” In 1690, the English, moved by these constant perils, and feeling that there would be no security as long as the French held Canada and sent their Indian allies on such bloody expeditions, laid their plans for the reduction of Canada. The result was disastrous. With great effort and cost an expedition set forth under Sir William Phipps against Quebec. But the delays were so great that it did not arrive in season for action, and could only return discomfited. In this expedition Billerica was represented by no less a person than Captain Danforth, as appears from an order,’ dated July 15, 1690, ‘‘that Capt. Danforth, now going forth in their Maj‘* service, in the intended expedition for Canada, have liberty to hire some meet person in said town to serve his doniestic occasions in his absence, and that the said person be exempted from impress to any public service other than attending duty in town during said expedition.” In 1691, the Indians fell upon Dunstable, September 2d, and murdered Joseph Hassell, his wife Anne, his son Benjamin, and Mary Marks. Hassell’s father Richard lived for a few years in Billerica, and was a tything-man here in 1679. They came again to Dunstable, September 26th, and killed Christopher Temple and Obadiah Perry. The latter, when fleeing from Dunstable on the alarm of 1675, had been permitted to hire in Billerica and resided here for some years. The following winter an expedition was sent ‘‘to the Eastward,” in which a son of Billerica did good service. Belknap, in his History of New Hampshire, repeats the account of it from Mather’s Magnalia: ‘*A young man being in the woods near Cochecho was 5 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. CVII, 118. 6 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. XXXVI, 166. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 127 fired at by some Indians. Lieut. Wilson immediately went out with eighteen men, and finding the Indians, killed or wounded the whole party, excepting one. This struck a terror and kept them quiet the remainder of the winter. But on the tenth day of June, an army of French and Indians made a furious attack on Storer’s garrison at Wells, where Capt. Convers commanded; who, after a brave and resolute defence, was so happy as to drive them off with great loss.”’? Capt. James Convers was from Woburn, and his plucky lieutenant was John Wilson, of Billerica, who richly deserves to have his long forgotten part in this expedition recorded here for remembrance in Billerica. , He came from Woburn in 1683, and built the mill, which long bore his name, on Vine Brook; and there no doubt he lived. In 1700, he was granted three pounds for service and use of his own horse at this time. The Indian assault so long dreaded and guarded against fell at last upon Billerica soon after, and two homes were made desolate. This sad event occurred, 1 August, 1692, and the place was near the turn in the road by Mr. Russell’s house, a half-mile south of North Billerica. In the early days, there was a ‘*cross-roads” at this point, an old road running south towards Fox Hill and’ the village. On the east side of this road, and south of the other, now leading to the Rev. Elias Nason’s place, was the home of John Dunkin, who, ‘in 1670, received twenty-five acres of land here for the ‘‘fat ox,” presented by the town to its deputy, Mr. Humphrey Davy, of Boston. He married Joanna, daughter of Henry Jefts, and died in December, 1690, of small-pox, leaving seven children. His widow married Mr. Benjamin Dutton, whose father Thomas lived not far south on the same road. The other fated family lived opposite, or on the northeast angle between the two roads. Zachary Shed was the son of Daniel Shed, one of the early settlers. He married Mrs. Ann Bray, in 1677, and their home was blessed with five children at the time.. Of the circumstances of this attack we know nothing. ‘None of the histories of the period mention it; and Danforth’s record, giving the names and adding simply, ‘‘all slain by y°® Indians,” is our only authority for the fact of this first Billerica massacre. Lancaster suffered a similar attack two weeks earlier. Whether the same or 1 History of Woburn, p. 178, and Massachusetts Archives. Vol. LXX, 496. 128 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. other Indians came here, and whether it were in the morning, at noon, or in the night; whether the homes were burned or left to the smitten survivors, we can not tell. We only know that in each, the mother with her eldest and youngest child perished at the bloody hands of the savages; but that is enough to stamp the dark day in the memory of Billerica, and make it fit that we glean and record all the little that we can of such sufferers. Mrs. Dutton was thirty-six years of age, one of the earliest natives of the town. Her daughter _ Mary Dunkin was sixteen, and her son: Benoni, ‘‘son of her grief,” was less than two, born two months after his father’s -death. If Mrs. Shed’s age were the same as her husband’s, she was also thirty-six; her daughter Hannah was thirteen, and Agnes was a child of two years.. None seem to have been made captives in this assault. Four families at least were living as far north, or beyond, which were for some reason spared by the savages. Mr. Shed’s brother Daniel lived beside him. Beyond was Roger Toothaker, who at this very time was wasting his time and substance in pursuit of the witchcraft delusions at Salem, and leaving his family to charitable aid; and farther north were John and Thomas Rogers, and probably John Levistone; names all involved in the still more dreadful experience to come. The wives of both the Rogers brothers were sisters of the Sheds, and of these four brothers and sisters living within a mile of each other and of North Billerica, the family of Daniel Shed only escaped in both attacks. The Records, February 27, 1692-3, show us the vigilance which the town needed to maintain under these trying circumstances. ‘‘Ata meeting of the milicia in Bilerika, both of horse & foot, in observance of a warrant from our honoured Major, for the renueing of watching and scouting in our Town, ordered by the militia presnt that the watch at Capt. Hill’s & in the centure of the Town, & a corporall for the end of the Towne, be carefully observed, & notice unto the other outskirts of the Town to stand upon their gard, & to require to keep such a watch in their several quarters as they are capable of keeping. ‘* At the same time it was agreed upon by the milicia, both of the hors and foot, that a petition be drawn up in behalf of the Towne, to be sent by our deputie, Capt. Hill, & by him to be presented unto his excellency & y* honoured Comnvell & Representatives assembled, or when assembled, for some easement of our scouting required of us, or metigations in our public charges; this was agreed upon INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 129 by the milicia and by the selectmen & severall other inhabitance present.” Another aspect of the life of these anxious patriots comes out in the subjoined line of the record: ‘‘We expended this evening at Bro. Crosbey’s two pots of Rosted cider.” Six months later we find the following order, addressed by Thomas Hinchman, Sergeant-Major, to Lieutenant John Lane, of Billerica, 23 August, 1698:° ‘By virtue of an order from the honr® Lt. Govern’, bearing date 22 Aug., 1693, these are in his majisty’s name to require you forthwith to Impress eight Troopers out of yo" troop und" yo" command, well appointed with arms and ammunition for his majisty’s service; four of which are to be daily Imployed as a scout about yo" town, especially towards the great swamp. The other foure you are to send to me, upon moon-day morning Nexte; you are also to send to me the names of the sold imprest who are to enter into. sarvice on said moon-day. Wreof you fnay not fail.” With watching and service like this, diversified with witchcraft excitements and trials at Salem, and with an assault on Groton, 27 July, 1694, ‘in which William Longley, the town clerk, his wife and five children, with two other children, were slain, the people of Billerica passed these trying years. The second massacre fell upon them, 1695, August 5, four days more than three years after the first. The town clerk, who rarely turns aside from official record to mention incidents, gives four lines to this massacre:*. ‘‘This day received that awful stroke by the enemy of fivetene persons slain & taken, more sad than that we met withall three years before, when we mett upon the like occasion.” Mr. Farmer’s narrative of this event was the result of careful inquiry sixty years ago, and is as follows :” “Tn the northerly part of the town. on the east side of Concord River, lived a number of families, who, though without garrisons and in a time of war, seemed to be under no apprehensions of danger. Their remoteness from the scenes of Indian depredations might have contributed to their fancied security. The Indians came suddenly upon them in the day time. Dr. Mather, the only early writer who has mentioned the event, says it was reported they were on horseback, and from that circumstance ‘were not suspected for Indians, till they surprised the house they came to.’ They entered the house of John Rogers, son of one of the early settlers, about 8 See p. 99. 9 Records, Vol. Il, p. 58. 10 Farmer aud Moore’s Historical Collections. Vol. lI, p. 71. 130 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. noon, and while from the fatigues of the day he was enjoying repose upon his bed, they discharged one of their arrows, which entered his neck and pierced the jugular vein. Awakened with this sudden and unexpected attack, he started up, seized the arrow, which he forcibly withdrew, and expired with the instrument of death in his hand. .A woman being in the chamber threw herself out of the window and, though severely wounded, effected her escape by concealing herself among some flags. A young woman was scalped and left for dead, but survived the painful operation and lived for many years afterwards. A son and daughter of Mr. Rogers were taken prisoners. ‘The family of John Levistone suffered most severely. His mother-in-law and five young children were killed and his eldest daughter captured. ‘Thomas Rogers and his oldest son were killed. Mary, the wife of Dr. Roger ‘Toothaker, was killed, and Margaret, his youngest daughter, taken prisoner. Fifteen persons were killed or taken at this surprisal. he records of the town give the names of fourteen who were killed and taken into captivity. ‘Ten were killed, of whom five were adults. Though the Indians were immediately pursued by the inhabitants of the center of the town, yet so effectually had they taken precautions in their flight. that all efforts to find them were unavailing. It is said they had even tied up the mouths of their dogs with wampum. froin an apprehension that their barking would discover the direction they had taken. The shock given to the inhabitants by this melancholy event was long had in painful remembrance.” And, in his Billerica, Mr. Farmer adds: ‘* Through the lapse of years, it is difficult to give a very circumstantial account of it, and the few particulars I have collected ought, perhaps, to receive some deductions from the brevity of human memory.” The name of one sufferer on that day has escaped record. The other fourteen belonged to the four families already named. The family which was smitten most heavily was that of John Levistone. The site of his house has not been identified, but it was doubtless near that of John Rogers, probably southeast. He was a Scotchman, and first appears in the employ of Carrier. He had married, in 1681, Margaret, the daughter of Thomas Ross, another Scotchman, who lived on the west side of Loes Plain, near Miss Allen’s, and whose wife was Seeth Holman, of Cambridge. She had now been a widow about four months, and was either visiting or living with her daughter, Mrs. Levistone, when death came so terribly at the hand of the savages. The parents escaped and their eldest son John; but the daughter Sarah, aged eleven, was made captive, and the five younger children were all slain. Their names were Seth, Thomas, Mary, Margaret, and Alexander. A more desolating sorrow could hardly ‘fall upon a happy home in an hour. John Rogers lived nearly north of Mr. Talbot’s, about eighty rods. The well by- his house may still be seen, and bricks from INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 131 England may be dug from the cellar. He was nearly fifty-four years old and had lost his wife, Mary Shed, seven years before. Of his six children, four escaped; but Daniel, aged twelve, and Mercy were made captives. Thomas Rogers, a younger brother, lived near. The spot has not been identified, but it was probably very near where the village hall and school-house now stand. His first wife had been Hannah Shed, and after her death he married Mary Brown, a step-daughter of his father. He perished with his eldest son Thomas, while his wife with two children ‘escaped. It is a reasonable conjecture that the father and son were surprised away from their home. There was one other victim of that bloody day, whose case was if possible more tragic. She was the wife of Dr. Roger Toothaker, and her home stood at the point where, in later years, the Middlesex Canal left the Concord River. Tradition says it is still standing, as the ell of the old brick Rogers’ house. Her personality and trials deserve special notice. Her name was Mary Allen, and she was sister of that Martha Allen who married Thomas Carrier and was a victim of the witchcraft delusion at Salem three years before. Not only was Mrs. Toothaker’s sister thus fatally involved, but her husband, with more freedom and folly, neglecting the claims of his family and disregarding the appeals of the selectmen to return to his duty, left wife and children to the charity of his neighbors. Two of the children were apprenticed by the selectmen to Joseph Walker and Edward Farmer. Trials like these were mingled in the bitter cup of Mrs. Toothaker, with the Indian alarms and the massacre of her neighbors. At last the warwhoop of the savages sounded her death-knell, at the, same time that her youngest daughter Margaret was borne into captivity. If the remembrance and sympathy of later generations could afford any compensation for the sorrows of such a life, we might search far to find a person better entitled to them than Mary Allen Toothaker. The agitation and alarm which ran,through the town, as the tidings of this bloody work spread, we can form slight conception of. The day was Monday, not, as some traditions affirm, the Sabbath. The “garrisons” would be soon filled with excited women and children; the men would prepare for defence and attack, for pursuit of the retreating foe was the first impulse; every nook, every tree and bush would be watched for a concealed foe; and for many days the dread of another and deadly blow must have shaken their hearts. 132 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Three weeks passed and the alarm continued. Colonel Lynde, of Charlestown, was commissioned to pursue the foe, and his report discovers to us glimpses of what Billerica was passing through. | * dug. 23.1695." Receiving commission from the Honorable William Stoughton. Lieutenant-Governor, Commander-in-Chief over all the province of Massachusetts, with instructions for his Majesty’s service in the county of Middlesex: persuant whereunto I went that night to Billerica, where I found about three hundred men in arms from Woburn, Reading, Malden, Medford, Charlestown, Cambridge, Watertown, under conduct of Major William Johnson. Major Jeremiah Swaine. Major Wade, Capt. William Greene, Capt. John Greene, Lt. Remington, Lt. Homan, Capt. Gerfield,” Sergeant Bond. and Mr. Sherman. g “That night we marched to the river of Merrimack, guarded the fords, there being three between Andover and Chelmsford, with about forty men at each ford, and with about one hundred men encamped that night at Prospect Hill. that lies between Chelmsford and the river, on the northern side of the great swamp; leaving the remaining forces to guard the. town. As soon as it was light, on the 24th of August instant, we sent men to the top of the said hill, where we had a view of the said swamp and the country far about, but could discover no fire anywhere. Thence we pro- ceeded to range the woods between Andover and Chelmsford, but finding no sign of our enemies, we rendezvous at a place called Sandy Pond, about eight miles from Billerica eastward; from whence about eleven of the clock that day we went to the great swamp, dismounted half our men. the other half taking their horses. We caused the men on foot to pass through the swamp in a rank. each man at a distance as much as was convenient; appointed to rendezvous again at Prospect Hill; Major Johnson, with about forty nen, compassing the swamp on the west side, and myself with the rest of the soldiers on the east side. Our men on foot, with much difficulty having got through the swamp, gave us account that they saw a new track and smelt Indians in one place, but did not judge by their track there were above two; having again rendezvous about four o’clock, afternoon, near Prospect Hill, having before noon ranged the woods belonging partly to Andover to the eastward of Prospect Hill. we proceeded to range the woods towards Chelmsford; rendezvousiny again near the time of sun setting at the chief fording place on the Merrimack below Hunt's garrison, where I advised with all our officers. Having no prospect of doing service against the enemy, considering the evil that had accrued by drawing oft all forces at once, I left a guard of ten men to guard that ford, under the 11 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. LI, 41. » This “Capt. Gerlield” was Benjamin Garfield, of Watertown, and his name has already appeared (p. 81) as a member of the committee appointed by the General Court to run the important lines and decide the contest between Billerica, Concord, and Chelmsford. He was the son and grandson of successive Edwards, of Watertown, and was the ancestor of James A. Garfield, our lamented President, whose recent death has filled the world with sorrow. The line of descent is Edward,! Edward,? Benjamin,’ Thomas,‘ Thomas,* Solo- mon,$ Thomas,7 Abraham,’ who married Eliza Ballou, and settled in Ohio. INDIAN AND' MILITARY HISTORY. 133 direction of Hunt and Foster, of Billerica, until the 29th day of August instant, at night, and then to be dismissed without further order. Marching then up to Billeriea town in diverse parties, we rendezvous at the Ordinary, where paying off the army with thankful acknowledgments for their ready and willing service, at their request I dismissed them according to their desire, to make the best of their way home. which without doubt they attended; though with difficulty by reason of the darkness of the night. ‘*-So concluding, I am, sir, ‘Your servant, JOSEPH LYNDE, Lt.-Col. ‘Dated at Charlestown, Aug. 25, 1695.” ‘“P.S. We have left about five hundred of bread in the hands of Capt. Danforth, who was not so prudent in the disposal of some of what was spent as, in my way home I was informed, he should haye been. I directed hin at my coming away to preserve what was left until further order. Yours, as above. J. L. Eight months later, we read the situation in the following from the Town Records : — ‘* Aprill 6, 1696. ‘Training day evening. At a meeting of the com- mision officers, both of horse and foot, by vertue of a warrant from our Major, we new erected our watches and ordered the repairing of garisons, and appointed the masters of them and the number of souldiers belonging to them, and other persons & families. ‘* At the same meeting the comition officers with the selectmen ordered that the remainder of the old pouder be dispersed among the severall garisons acording unto the number of souldiers appointed unto them, to be eaqually distributed, and the master of the garison or the masters of the severall garisons unto whom the pouder is distributed to becom responcible for it, and to secure it and return it, or the vallue of it in money, except there be occation for to make use thereof in their own defence. “The same day the selectmen compounded with our drummers, John Shead & Samuel Frost, To pay forthwith unto John Shead twenty shillings, to clere with him while that day; & to pay to Samuel Frost ten shillings, & to clere with him while that day; but it hath not been attended.” Account was taken in July of the ammunition stock in the hands of Capt. Danforth. It consisted of a barrel of powder, 110 pounds, part of an old barrel, 68 pounds, lead, 120 pounds, flints, 130, bullets, 38, and match ‘‘ sufficient.” These savage and desolating assaults on Billerica are incidents of what is known as ‘‘King William’s War,” described by Mather, in his Decennium Luctuosum, and extending from 1688 to 1698. There is no evidence that either of these attacks were preceded by any warnings, or that any other towns suffered at the same time. 134 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. The dusky foe chose to fall upon some unsuspecting settlement and beat a hasty retreat before neighbors could rally to the rescue. This method of warfare must have been peculiarly trying, and demanded ceaseless vigilance. Of the situation and anxiety of the time, we have a picture in a letter of Christopher Osgood, of Andover, which must apply nearly as well to Billerica. It is dated, 1696, Aug. 14,” and describes the danger, a number of men having been impressed from the town for the eastward expedition, the river being low and fordable, and the enemy coming between Exeter and Haverhill. ‘The people of our Town are under such’ discouragements to stand their ground, that they are in y° amazement of their spirits about contriving to break up and Remove, and every one to shift for their. lives, though it be to y® loss of their estates; and some garrisons already are upon removing, and extremity of fear and dangers will not suffer men to know their duty”; for which and other reasons, he ‘makes our speedy application to y™ honor for present relief.” Another letter relates, ‘‘that William Peeters, belonging to Samuel Blanchard’s garrison, went to his house with one Hoyt to fetch his horse, and not returning search was made and both men were found killed and scalped. The house was about half a mile from the garrison, on the Bildrekey road, in an open playn plase.” During all these years of danger, the inhabitants must have grown unpleasantly familiar with the trouble and annoyance, as well as the peril, of garrison life. Houses not ample for a single family must be made to serve often a half-dozen families for shelter and defence; and the comforts of life could have had small consid- eration. No list of the ‘‘garrisons” is given after 1675, but that changes and additions were made after so long a time is certain. The tradition is probable, that the Manning house, still standing on the Chelmsford Road, was in use as a garrison; and it is certain that Samuel Hunt’s house at Wamesit was so, and from its exposed situation it was probably the most important. It stood a half-mile south of the Merrimack, at ‘‘ Hunt’s Falls,” on what is now the farm of John Clark, somewhat south of a line connecting Mr. Clark’s house and that of General Butler, and about equally distant from them. It was just east of the limits of Lowell. Here scouting parties must often have made a rendezvous, as they passed and repassed from Chelmsford to Andover, Prospect Hill, and the Great 18 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. LI, 59. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 135 Swamp. The latter were plainly points of special interest and solicitude to the watchful inhabitants. In the history of these Indian Wars, the name of John Lane comes into view as the leading military man in the town. He appears in rapid succession as lieutenant, captain, and colonel, and is often mentioned. He is in command of a troop in 1693, and, in 1696-7, February 12, received this order from Maj. Jonathan Tyng, of Dunstable: ‘‘Having advice from the Lt.-Governor, that at the spring near approaching, it may be expected that the enemy will make fresh attacks, both by sea and land, IJ do therefore order that you make inquiry into the state of y° troopers under your command, and see that every one of them be mounted on a good, serviceable horse for war, and furnished with a good, well-fitted carbine, besides pistolls, and to see that the whole troop. be in Readiness to pass upon duty ; and in case of alarum upon * Discovering the approach of the enemy by sea, you are hereby ordered with the several Troopers under your command, forthwith to repair to the port or place within your county where the Alarum is first given, there to receive and attend to further orders,” etc. But no call came to such service, and the nearest approach of the Indians during the years 1696 and 1697 was at Dunstable, Haverhill, and Lancaster. Captain Tyng, of Dunstable, writes, 1696, September 1,” of one person killed and one taken captive ‘‘yesterday, both belonging to my garrison.” He sent a negro and a Spanish Indian to do some haying across the river, and a soldier, a Plymouth Indian, to guard them. As they did not return and the dogs barked and howled, he became alarmed and sent word to Dunstable and to Captain Bowers, of Chelmsford, who speedily mustered twenty men, crossed the river, found the men dead and the Spanish Indian asleep. In 1697, March 15, came the attack on Haverhill. immortalized by the heroism of Hannah Dustin, who was taken captive and borne as far as the Contoocook. There, on an island in the Merrimack, aided by her nurse and a lad who were taken with her, she joined " consummate womanly tact and masculine heroism, killed and scalped ten of her captors, and reached her home safely with her trophies not many days after. A treaty of peace between France and England was signed, 1697, September 11; but there were no ocean cables or steamships 14 Lane Papers. 15 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. LI, 63. 136 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. to bring the glad news to America, and. eleven days later, the treacherous Indians fell once more upon the settlements at Lancaster, burned two garrison-houses, and killed twenty-one, wounded two, and took six captives. This massacre brought special sorrow to Billerica, for one of the victims was the Rev. John Whiting, the young pastor of the church, and son of our Billerica pastor. It is said that he was offered quarter, but chose rather to ‘‘fight to the last than resign himself to those whose tender mercies are cruel.” The welcome peace was little more than an armistice, .and, in 1703, another ten years’ war broke out, known as ‘‘Queen Anne’s War.” A practical sign of its coming took the form of an order from Major Tyng to Capt. John Lane, 1702, April 22, requiring him ‘forthwith to take effectual care that there be strict execution of. the act for regulating of y* Malitia,” and especially to inspect the force and sec that it was duly provided with arms and ammunition. This order was not neglected. In the Diary of Judge Sewall, we have a glimpse of the fruit which it bore,’ and also of Billerica’s aged pastor. Monday, 1702, October 26, he writes: ‘‘ Waited on Gou to Wooburn; dined there. From thence to Billericay. Visited languishing Mr. Sam! Whiting. I gave him 2 Balls of Chockalett and a pound of Figgs, which very kindly accepted. Saw the Company in Arms, led by Capt. Tomson. Went to Chelmsford.” At this point, the Lane Papers contribute a useful letter from Gov. Joseph Dudley to Major Lane. ** CAMBRIDGE, 5 Nov., 1702. “Sir: I desire you with two of your troops to repayr to the towns of Marlboro’, Lancaster, Groten, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and there deliver severally the letters given you, and encourage the officers in their duty, agreeable to the several Directions. You are also to labor, by all means, to speak with Wotanummon and the Penacooke men, and to assure them of friendship with the Gouernor and all the English; but that we are fearful the french Indians will be amongst them soon and do mischief to the English, and that therefore we must have our scouts out, and if they will come and reside in any propper place near the English, they shall be welcome; if their hunting will not allow that. they must keep a good Distance from the English towns, and send one man only to Colonel Tyng, when they would speak with me, and they shall be welcome at all times, and I will never depart from my friendship to them if they will continue friends. Let the officers in the several towns use all prudence not to make the first breach, and let me hear from them on every ocation.” 10 Massachusetts Historical Society's Collections. Fifth Series. Vol. VI, p. 67. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 137 Of training and guard duty, we may be sure that the Billerica farmers had enough; and the kind of service often called for is suggested by another order from Colonel Tyng to Captain Lane, 1703, September 3: ‘*These are to order you forthwith to give out your warrant to your soldiers in Chelmsford, to watch, Two in a night and the day following, at the wading place at Wamesit; and to continue in that service till they have gone Round. The soldiers are to keep at the said wading place till they are relieved, as the custom hath been, by Capt. Bowers’ men.” In 1704, more serious work awaited these soldiers. Early in that year, or in February, 1703-4, a party assailed Northampton, surprised the guard, and made captives of Rev. John Williams, the pastor, his wife, and many others. Mrs. Williams, with two of her children and more than twenty other captives, were put to death. Mr. Williams was afterwards redeemed, and published The Redeemed Captive. In July following, a force of seven hundred French and Indians again invaded Massachusetts, and finding Northampton well guarded, turned eastward and fell upon Lancaster, July 31. The Boston News-Letter tells the story briefly: ‘‘On Monday morning past, the enemy, French and Indians, fell upon Lancaster, about four hundred of them, assaulted six garrisons at once, where the people defended themselves very well until assistance came in from all parts by the governor’s order, so that in the evening there were three hundred ° men in the town. And the enemy was beaten off with loss, but are yet hovering on the head of those towns, to make some farther impression if not prevented.” The meeting-house was burned, with several dwellings and barns, and Lieutenant Wilder was killed and three soldiers; but the rally was so prompt and the defence so vigorous, that the loss of life was smaller than in the previous assault. Among others, twelve Billerica soldiers went to the rescue, and fortunately Captain Lane has: preserved their names for us. They were ‘‘Samull Hill, Corporal, John ‘Needham, Clark, Raph Hill, Centinell, John Farmer, Samull Hunt, Andrue \ Richardson, Thomas Ross, Nathanell Bacon, Samull Hill, Junr., William Grimbs, John Hunt, Steven Richardson,” with four men from Chelmsford and three from Groton. ‘‘These nineteen were sent out * August y* forth, 1704, with ten days’ provisions, and marched to Lancaster to inforce Major Taylor; and they never as yet received anything for their 17 Lane Papers. 138 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. provision; therefore they pray that they may be considered.” It is to be hoped that so reasonable a request was properly answered. . In November, Colonel Tyng received from the General Court £24 for building four blockhouses, one in Dunstable, two in Chelmsford, and one in Billerica. A blockhouse is referred to in the Records,” *¢nere Andouer line,” and may be the same. It was probably in the same year, 1704, that Robert Parris was murdered, with his wife and daughter, at Dunstable; and Joseph Hassell, Samuel Butterfield, and Samuel Whiting, Jr., taken captive. Thus a second time did the bitterness of these trying times enter the home of the aged pastor of Billerica. This son afterwards returned, but the injuries and sufferings borne probably shortened his life. To this period belongs an incident reported by tradition. It is good enough to be true, and comes with sufficient directness to strengthen its probability. We have it from Mr. Leander Hosmer, who is a grandson of the heroine, Mary Lane, daughter of Colonel John Lane. During a period of alarm, the family was left with only one man on guard. A certain stump excited the suspicion of Mary, as she looked out of the window, and she called upon the man to shoot it. He declined, and laughed at her apprehensions. At last she told him-that if he would not shoot, she would take the gun and do it herself. This she did, and the stump rolled over, a dead Indian. The year 1705 passed without special incident, but, in 1706, a second attack at Dunstable alarmed Billerica and called out her militia in defence. A scouting party under command of Captain Pearson, of Rowley, was surprised at Weld’s garrison, the Indians being equally surprised, and a bloody encounter followed in which a number were slain. Another party fell upon Blanchard’s garrison, and killed Mr. Blanchard, his wife, a daughter, and Mrs, Hannah Blanchard. Seven days later, July 10, there was another encounter between the troopers and Indians, in which Joseph Kidder and Jeremiah Nelson, of Rowley, were killed, and John Pickard, of Rowley, was mortally wounded, dying in Billerica, August 5th. Billerica was prompt in sending relief, and the Papers of Captain Lane give us:— ‘A List of the Names of the Troopers which served under my com- mand to the reliefe of Dunstable, July the fourth, seventeen hundred and six, being twenty-nine men, two days, with the sustenance. v 18 Vol. II, 246. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 139 ‘*Thomas Ross. Thomas Richardson. Andrew Richardson. Jonathan Richardson. John Farmer. Oliver Farmer. Thomas Pollard. Sam! Hill. Daniel Hill. Ralph Hill. John Stearns. Sam! Fitch. Mathew Whipple. Josiah Bacon. Another list follows :— Nath! Page. Nath! Bacon. Henry Jeffs. Benjamin Bacon. Sam! Sadey(?). John Till. Edward Spaldin. Sam! Chamberlin. Benoni Periham. John Colborn. James Dutton. Quart. Joseph Foster. Corp Sam! Hill. Josiah Fasset.” ‘*Those which served under me in my march to Groton and Dunstable and Dracut, from the 11 August to the 13, by Command from his Exel- ency, are as followeth; and served 3 days and found their own sustenance. **Henry Jefts. Igaac Stearns. Nath! Hill. Thomas Richardson. Thomas Pollard. © Jonath. Richardson. Jonath. Hill. Josiah Fasset. Simon Crosbe. Oliver Farmer. Corp!. Thomas Tarbell. Josiah Bacon, Trumpeter. Benjamin Bacon. Danniel Hill. Edward Spaldin. Benoni Periham. Sam! Sadey(?). Sam! Barron. Henery Spaldin. Sam! Chamberlin.” Of the names on this roll, Edward Spalding and those which follow probably belonged to Chelmsford, and ‘Tarbell was of Groton. Two other rolls are found which must be of a date near this time, but the nature of the service is not mentioned, except that one roll is headed: ‘‘The Names of the men that went the rouns with Mager Lane.” Most of the above names reappear, and these in addition: Jonathan Bacon. Joseph Bacon. Nathaniel Bacon. _ Hugh Ditson. Thomas Farmer. William Grimbs. John Hunt. Samuel Hunt. John Kittrege, jr. Jobe Lane. John Lane. John Needham, Clerk. Kendall Patten. Steven Richardson. Isaac Stearns. John Stearns. Benjamin Walker. Jacob Walker. 140 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. These names of men who were ready to meet the hardships and dangers of this Indian warfare, in defence of their imperilled homes, are as worthy of honored remembrance from a grateful posterity as those which we carefully record and tenderly cherish, in the later wars of the Revolution and the Rebellion. In the unsuccessful expedition of 1707 against. Port Royal and that which had a better issue, in 1710, we may assume that some of the sons of Billerica had a part, as well as in the disastrous invasion of Canada by way of the St. Lawrence, in 1712. But the only record found of this period is another roll among the Lane Pupers, giving the names of twenty-six men all found above. The service is thus explained : — ‘ Brirracy, September 18, 1708. **Reseved of Capt. John Lane the sum of eight pounds, three shillings and sixpence; i say. reseved by me for the solgers that bilary [sent?] unto Chelmsford and Groton. ‘“\JamES DUTTON.” Another ten years’ peace came, in 1713, with the treaty of Utrecht, and was most welcome to the weary colonists. But’ the time had not arrived when they could safely remit their vigilance. In 1723 came another outbreak. It was more brief than the: earlier wars, ending in two years; but it is stamped more deeply in the memory and imagination of later times, by the heroism and tragic incidents of the Lovewell expedition. This was preceded, in 1724, by an attack at Dunstable, which Penhallow, in his Indian Wars,” describes : — ‘+ September 4th, they’ fell on Dunstable. and took two in the evening; next morning, Lieut. French with fourteen men went in quest of them; but being way-laid, both he and one half of his company were destroyed. After that, as many more of a fresh company engaged them, but the enemy being much superior in number overpowered them, with the loss of one man and four wounded.” A muster-roll is preserved,” dated 1722, July to November, which gives these Billerica names, under command of Sergeant Jonathan Butterfield, of Dunstable: John Farmer, William French, Ebenezer Frost, J ohn Patten, Joseph and Thomas Pollard, William Stickney, and John Whiting. They were probably employed in 19 Collections of The New Hampshire Historical Society. Vol. I, p. 109. 20 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. XC, 30. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 141 scouting and guard duty. When the outbreak came, one soldier from Billerica, and no doubt others with him, were employed in more distant service. Thomas Westbrook writes from York, 1724, April 21, that ‘*Lt. John Lane has been so imprudent as to suffer his men to kill sundry Creatures belonging to the people of the County of York.” On summons, ‘‘he did not deny the fact, and made satisfaction to the people.” A few months later, the government offered a bounty for the scalps of Indians, as a measure of defence. Capt. John Lovewell, of Dunstable, at once raised a company of thirty men and set out on an expedition into the wilderness; struck the Indian trail about forty-four miles above Winnipesaukee, and soon returned with one scalp and a captive boy, for which they received, January 7, £200. Again he set out, January 30, with a larger company of eighty- eight men, came up with the Indians by the pond which has since borne Lovewell’s name, in Wakefield, New Hampshire, killed the whole party of ten, and returned to receive a bounty of £1,000. The third and more memorable expedition set out with forty- seven men, 1725, April 15. Its story has been often told and can not be repeated here. The swift march into the wilderness, the discovery of the Indians by Lovewell’s Pond, the fierce encounter, in which the leader, with Chaplain Frye and nearly a third of his company, lost their lives, at a cost to the savages of their chief, Paugus, and so many of his men, that the tribe never rallied from the blow: sermons and songs, chapters and volumes, have been devoted to the recital. Beyond the general interest of the Colony in this brave and in fact successful, though costly and sad, enterprise, Billerica had special connections with it. Jonathan Kittridge, who fell with Lovewell, was from this town, as was Solomon Keyes, one of the survivors. Chaplain Jonathan Frye, of Andover, who died of his wounds, and is commemorated in the name of the town of Fryeburg, Maine, was a teacher in Billerica, in 1724. And Lieutenant Seth Wyman, who succeeded to the command when Lovewell was killed, and with as much skill as courage continued the contest and brought off the survivors, had a Billerica wife, Sarah Ross, and was of that Wyman family which lived just east of the Woburn line and was often intimately connected with Billerica history. This vigorous and telling encounter gave the fathers a peace of twenty years. Then the mazes of European politics involved them - 142 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. again, and a declaration of war between England and France, in 1744, stirred New England with the summons to arms. During the peace, the French had fortified and garrisoned Louisburg. It was a very strong fort, and in hostile hands was a constant and serious menace to the English colonies. Governor Shirley at once instituted a correspondence with the Government and the other colonies, which resulted in an expedition under Sir William Pepperell, who sailed from Boston, 1745, March 24. His entire force consisted of four thousand troops from the various colonies; and he was aided by four war vessels, mounting one hundred and eighty guns. The siege was prosecuted with singular courage and skill, and resulted in the surrender of the stronghold on the sixteenth of June. The whole enterprise was well conceived and bravely executed, and reflected the greatest credit upon the New England yeomanry, whose character it illustrated. ‘* The plan for the reduction of a regularly constructed fortress,” it has been well said, ‘‘was drawn by a lawyer, to be executed by a merchant, at the head of a body of husbandmen and mechanics.” Billerica was well represented in this expedition. Only scattered and imperfect rolls of this heroic service are preserved ;7 but glean- ing from these and ignoring, as we are entitled to do, the lines then recently drawn of Tewksbury and Bedford, we may record these names, most of which certainly and all probably belong to the old town: Captains Josiah Crosby, Peter Hunt, and John Stearns, Lieutenant John Lane, Ensign Samuel Hunt, Corporal Solomon Crosby, and Privates Nathaniel Cumings, Samuel Farmer, Samuel Galusha, John Hill, Francis Kidder, Thomas Richardson, Jr., and David Tarbell; and perhaps William Thompson, as the difference in spelling does not weigh against ‘the identity of this soldier with our William Tompson, so prominent a citizen during the Revolution. Doubtless other names should be added to this ‘roll of honor. Emboldened by this splendid achievement, Governor Shirley pushed forward plans for an invasion the next year of Canada. France, on the other hand, alarmed by the fall of Louisburg for the safety of her American possessions, sent a powerful fleet under the command of Duke D’Anville. The design was supposed to be the recovery of Louisburg, the desolation of the New England towns, and perhaps the conquest of the Colonies. The alarm was great *t See articles by Charles Hudson, in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register. 1870, October, and 1871, July. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 143 and not unreasonable, and the troops found service nearer home than Canada, repairing forts and awaiting the dreaded attack. Prayers went up from the churches for the discomfiture of the enemy. And when the glad news came that storms and dissensions had utterly disabled the mighty armament of France, the relief was widely recognized as the interposition of God in angwer to prayer, and joyful thanksgivings were offered to him. In the defensive military operations on the Connecticut River of this period, soldiers from Billerica had a share, and in one disaster were the principal sufferers. Fort Dummer, in Brattleborough, was the earliest post established above Northfield, in 1724, and twenty years later a fort was built at ‘‘No. 4,” which was the origin of Charlestown. Around these posts very vigilant and useful scouting and some brave fighting were done, under the command of Capt. Josiah Willard and Capt. Phineas Stevens. In the muster-roll of a company which served under Captain Willard from February 10 to October 6, 1748, at Ashuelot, now Hinsdale, New Hampshire, the fellowing Billerica names are found: Josiah Crosby, Jonathan French, John Frost, Samuel Hill, Benjamin Osgood, and Joseph Richardson, and probably Daniel Farmer. Whether William Hill and Reuben Walker were unrecorded sons of the town is not certain. On June 16, a squad of fourteen men set out from Ashuelot for Fort Dummer by way of Colonel Hinsdale’s fort.” The party was waylaid opposite the mouth of Broad Brook by a large company of Indians. The surprise was complete and disastrous. Three men were killed and scalped, and, by a singular fatality, they were all from Billerica, —Jonathan French, John Frost, and Joseph Richard- son. Seven were taken prisoners, of whom one was killed at the first encampment, William Bickford, and his body buried a month later. Four escaped across the river, one of whom, Daniel Farmer, was severely wounded. In response to the great gun from Fort Dummer, a relief party went up the next day from Northfield. They found and buried our Billerica dead, scoured the country and found ‘great signs of the enemy,” showing that a large Indian force had been in ambush around the forts for several, days. Of the captives, Benjamin Osgood, of Billerica, and William Blanchard, of Dunstable, reached home Oct. 15; Henry Stevens, 22 See History of Northjield, by Rev. J. H. Temple, p. 262. 144 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. of Chelmsford, November 12, and Joel Johnson, of Woburn, early in ‘October. They all suffered great hardships, were imprisoned till August 29, and Osgood with most of the others had to run the gauntlet. All were feeble and emaciated on their return, and Osgood died soon after from the effect of his sufferings. Josiah Crosby was one of the four who escaped; and of his experience we have an interesting account in a letter from John Farmer to Hon. Nathan Crosby.” It differs somewhat from Mr. Temple’s narrative outlined above, and on these points is less likely to be accurate. ‘In 1748, he was a soldier on Connecticut river. He, with fifteen more, commanded by a lieutenant, was ordered from Fort Dummer to Fort Hinsdale, about four miles, and when they were within one mile of Fort Hinsdale they fell into an ambush of one hundred and twenty Indians and French, who rose and fired. The commanding officer ordered each man to take care of himself. Two men escaped by secreting themselves; one reached Fort Hinsdale. Crosby ran up the river towards Fort Dummer followed by an Indian, who, coming up within a few rods of him, discharged his piece at him. The ball passed near his right ear; he then turned and fired at the Indian, who fell, and he saw no more of him. He pursued his way up the river until he came opposite Fort Dummer, where he attempted to swim the river, but before he could reach the opposite shore his strength failed him, and he sank to the bottom and was taken out by men from the fort.” So narrowly escaped the only one of the five sons of Billerica known to have been in that fatal encounter. Few days have brought as deep and sudden sorrow to so many families in our old town; none, perhaps, except those of the Indian massacres in 1692 and 1695. All these tedious conflicts and trials of the colonists were incidents cf the contest between England and France for supremacy in America. The prize was a brilliant one, and for more than fifty years it had been carried on steadily on the fields alternately of diplomacy and war. It reached at last a decision through a contest more general and severe than any which had been before undertaken, extending over seven years, from 1754 to 1761, and involving large armies, extensive expeditions, and incidents discreditable, disheart- ening, and glorious. The history of this final French and Indian °3 A Crosby Family, p. 11. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 145 War has never been adequately told, and justice has not been done to many of its actors and incidents. The later'war of the Revolution has thrown this in a measure into the background, and Americans today scarcely realize its proportions or significance. Certainly, if France had retained power in the North and West, there would have been no room for the later developments of the Anglo-Saxon in America, and the Revolution with all its fruits would have been precluded. And the cost to the colonists is clearly and impressively brought to view in the list of Billerica’s soldiers engaged in it. The overture of this contest in 1754 finds Washington marching “to a disaster in the west, and proposals for a union of the Colonies, which, if not at once successful, were prophetic. In 1755 Brad- dock appears on the scene, dying bravely but not nobly, while the young Virginia surveyor wins distinction from disaster. To the eastward an expedition of six thousand men takes the forts of Acadia, a success which led to the removal of the French neftral inhabitants, who refused to take the oath of allegiance, from their homes, and their dispersion among the colonists. This war measure, certainly harsh, perhaps necessary, has supplied our great American poet with the material for an epic, by which the memory of it will be perpetuated wherever the language is spoken. In the north the issue of the campaign was less decisive. An army of six thousand troops marched from Albany for Crown Point. Fort Edward was built, and a detachment under Colonel Williams was defeated, with the death of its leader, whose name is perpetuated in the college, the foundation of which he wisely laid. This disaster was compensated by the repulse soon after of a large French army and the death of its commander, the brave Dieskau. Still the enemy held and fortified Ticonderoga; and an expedition from Oswego against Niagara was belated and abandoned. : In 1756 Montcalm led the French against Oswego and held Ticonderoga and Crown Point successfully, the wishes and plans of the Colonies for their capture being frustrated by the incapacity and irresolution of the English leaders. Still darker seemed the English cause in 1757, when the army for the second reduction of Louisburg returned unsuccessful from Halifax, and Fort William Henry was sacrificed by a cowardly surrender to Montcalm. This surrender produced great excitement and alarm in New England, as it opened the way for an invasion. Companies were immediately organized and marched to the rescue, thirty men enlisting from 146 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Billerica. But it soon became clear that Montcalm did not intend _ to push southward, and after a march of forty or fifty miles the troops generally returned to their homes. A change came in 1758, when the hand of the great Earl of Chatham was laid upon the helm in England. Louisburg capitu- lated to General Amherst, with an army of fourteen thousand, and Forts Frontenac and Du Quesne were taken. Abercrombie, with an army of sixteen thousand, was repulsed in his expedition to Crown Point, and the death of the accomplished'General Howe added to the disaster. Still the result of the campaign inspired new hope and prepared the way for the final and decisive struggle of 1759. To this end the war was earried into Africa, i.e. Canada. One column was to descend the St. Lawrence, another under Amherst was to go down the Champlain, while General Wolfe ascended the great river, the fortress of Quebec being the central point. The campaign proceeded with energy and decisive success. Prideaux assailed Fort Nidgara, and although he fell, Colonel Johnson, his successor, soon received its capitulation and held control of the upper St. Lawrence. General Amherst led a force of eleven thou- sand men towards, Lake Champlain, and the French abandoned Ticonderoga and Crown Point without a contest. But he failed to advance with energy and lost the opportunity to share and aid the attack on Quebec. To this, Wolfe came direct from England, with an army of eight thousand men and nearly fifty vessels. He arrived June 26, and pushed the siege with skill and courage until September 13, when he succeeded in gaining the Heights of Abraham, above the city, and compelled the bewildered Montcalm to give battle. He fell victorious, his brave antagonist being also mortally wounded, and the sceptre of France passed away, Amherst receiving the capitulation of Montreal soon after. America was to be English and not French, and the issue of that day was decisive. In all these years of arduous service the hardy yeomanry of New England bore their full share. Not for the first time, nor the last, they gave proof how successfully they could turn from farm and shop to campaign and battle. In the office of the Secretary of State are ten huge volumes, filled with the mss. rolls and records of the military service of this period. They are replete with the materials for history, and any careful student of them must be surprised at the extent and variety of the service of these yeomen. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 147 Billerica did her part. I give below the names of her soldiers, as far as I have been able to glean them from these military rolls. The list is necessarily imperfect. Of course I have been able to examine but a small part of the whole number, being guided by a general index in selecting such rolls, as by locality or names of known officers were likely to include names of Billerica men. Some of the rolls give the town from which the soldier came, but many do not, and the explorer is left in such cases to cull, if he can, by similarity of names or other circumstances, the men who should be credited to any town. In this process some names will be improperly included, but others will be omitted. In this list the names which are unusual and do not appear, for instance, in the family part of this volume, are given on the specific authority of the rolls. Their number is sufficient to prove that where this authority is wanting, some will of course be missed. I do not doubt that future and more careful inquiry will add names to this record. For the convenience of students I arrange these names alpha- betically, and indicate by an appended letter and explanation in most, but not all, cases, the general date and direction of the service. For the same reason I include the names recorded in the earlier war of 1745-8. The whole period of eighteen years includes thirteen of active hostility. Billerica could hardly have contained at the time more than one thousand inhabitants. It is certainly creditable to the courage and patriotism of: her citizens that during .this period she furnished more than two hundred men in arms to the service of the State. , LIST OF SOLDIERS IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE, 1745-62. Angier, Robert. Bootman, Jonathan. Bacon, Ebenezer, f. Bosworth, Joseph, /. Baldwin, Abel. Bowannan, John, d. Baldwin, Benjamin, 6. c, d. Bowers, William. a. Baldwin, David, d. Boynton. Richard, 0. Baldwin, John. Brittan, Samuel. Baldwin, Thomas, c. Brown, David. Beard, Josiah, d. Brown, Josiah. Bedient, John. Brown, Samuel, d. Bennett, James, d. Brown. William, d. Black, Bill, 0. Butterfield, Joseph, f. Blanchard, John. Butterfield, William, d. Blanchard, Simon. Canada, James. d. Bonner, William. Canada, John, d. 148 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. LIST OF SOLDIERS IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE. — Continued. Chamberlain, John. d. Chamberlain, Thomas, d. Chamberlain, William, 6. Chapman, John, c. “Clark, Timothy. Coburn, James. Crosby, Daniel, e. Crosby. David, e. Crosby, Ephraim. Crosby, Francis, b. Crosby, Hezekiah, d. Crosby, Jacob. f. Crosby, Jesaniah. Crosby, John, d. Crosby, Joseph, ec. Crosby, Capt. Josiah. Crosby, Josiah, e. Crosby, Simon, 0b, d. .Crosby, Solomon, J. Crosby, Thomas, d. Crosby, William, c. Cumings, Nathaniel, f. 7. Danforth, Elijah, c,d. Danforth, John, d. Danforth, Jonathan, a. Danforth, Nickles, c. Danforth. Samuel, a. Danforth, William, c. Danly, John, c. Ditson, Seth, a. Dowse, Eleazer, b. Dowse, Samuel, b. Dunckle, John, d. Dunckle, Nathaniel. Durrent, Abraham, a, d. Durrent, Henry, a. Durrent, Jonathan, d. Durrent, Thomas, c. Dutton, Timothy, d. Farley, Caleb, a, d. Farley, Timothy, d. Farmer, Andrew. Farmer, John. Farmer, Jonas, d. Farmer, Oliver. Farmer, Peter, a. Farmer, Samuel, 7. Farmer, Thomas. Fassett, Ens. Josiah, c. Fassett, Samuel, d. Fletcher, John, a. Foster, Henry. French, Ebenezer, a, d. French, Jonathan, e.* French, Ens. Thomas, J. French, William, d. Frost, Ebenezer. Frost, John, e.* Frost, John, a. Frost, Samuel, a. Fuller, Thomas. Galusha, Samuel, /. Gardner, Edward. Gleason, William, c. Godfrey, Lieut. Simon, d.* Goodwin, Thomas, c. Gould, Benjamin, d. Gould, Nathaniel. Gould, Reuben, c. Gould, Sergt. Simeon, a, d. Gould, William, d. Gould, William, Jr., d. Gray, Joseph. Hall, Isaac, b,c, d. Hall, Jacob. Hall, Thomas, a. Hall, William, d. Hanes, Charles, d. Hardy, Ebenezer, c. Harris, Joseph, b. Hastings, Peter. Henry, John, d. Hill, John, J, ¢. Hill, Jonathan, d.. Hill, Nathaniel, e. Hill, Ralph. 0. Hill, Samuel, e. Hopkins, Samuel, a. Horsley, James. Howard, Samuel. Hunt, Capt. Peter, 7. Hunt, Samuel, e. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 149 LIST OF SOLDIERS IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE. — Continued. Hunt, William, e. Jaquith, Ebenezer, a. Jeffs, William. Jonson. Josiah, a,c, d. Kemp, Joseph, d. Keys, Abner, c. Kidder, Ens. Benjamin, d. Kidder, Sergt. Ephraim, a. Kidder, Solomon, f. Lane, Lt. John, J. Lane, Thomas. Laws, Thomas, ¢, d. Levinston, William, e. Lewis, Benjamin, Jr., d. Lewis, Ebenezer, d. Lewis, John, d. McElvane, Daniel. Mace, Thomas, c. Manning, Abner, a. Manning, Benjamin, a. Manning, Lt. William, c. Merrill, Nathan. Moore, Jacob, f. Needham, William. Newton, Philip, d. Nicholas, James, d. Nicholas, Robert, d. Noyce, Isaac, d. _ Noyce, Nicholas, d. Osgood, Benjamin, ¢.* Parker, John. Parker, Nathaniel. Parry, James. Patten, John. Pemberton, James, 3, d. Perry, James. , Pollard, Asa, a, d. Pollard, Benjamin, d. Pollard, John, e. Pollard, Jonathan. Pollard, Joseph, d. Pollard, Solomon. Pollard. Thomas. Ranking, Samuel. Richardson, Joseph, ¢.* Richardson, Thomas, Jr., J. Richardson, William. Robeson. John, c. Rogers, Thomas, d. Sanders, Amos, c. Sanders, Benjamin, a. Shed, Daniel. ‘Shed, Samuel, c. Shed, William, f. Shed, Zaccheus, a. Silver, Daniel. . Spaulding, Edward, d. Stearns, Charles. Stearns, Lt. Isaac, a. Stearns, Capt. John, J. Stearns, John, f. Stearns, Oliver, b. Stearns, Thomas, e. Stearns, Timothy, c. ‘Stearns, Zachary. Stevens. Caleb. Stevens, John. Stickney, Sgt. Abraham, c, d. Stickney, Benjamin, d. Stickney, David. Stickney, Jonathan, d. Stickney, William. Tarble, David, ¢, 7. Tarble, John. Tompson, Ebenezer. Tompson, William, 7. Totman, John. Trull, Samuel, e. Walker, Sergt. Joseph, c. Walker, Joseph. Walker, Reuben, e. Walker, Samuel. Walker, William. Wesson, William. Whiting, John, c. Whiting, Jonathan. Whiting, Thomas. Wilkins, Isaac, a. Wilson, Jacob, a, d. Wilson, Jonas. Wilson, Leonard, d. Wilson, Reuben, a. Wyman, John. . 150 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. The letters refer to the following various services, the (*) indi- cating death. (L) In Louisburg expedition under Pepperell, in 1745. (e.) Service near the Connecticut, at Northfield, Fort Dummer, and ‘No. 4,” in 1748. (f.) ‘*Expedition to the Eastward,” 1754. (a.) In the army operating against Crown Point, 1755-6. (b.) ‘* Army for the reduction of Canada,” serving in the same direction, or nearer home, 1757. (c.) ‘*Relief of Ft. William Henry,” 1758. The capture of this fort by Montcalm awakened great alarm of an immediate invasion, and companies were hastily organized all over the State for defence. The Billerica men are found enrolled in two companies. One, com- manded by David Green, had Josiah Fassett as ensign, and Joseph Walker sergeant; included seventeen men from this town; and marched ‘‘unto y® town of Marlborough, being about 25 miles.” The other, with Capt. Thomas Flint, had Lieut. William Manning and Sergt. Abraham Stickney; included fourteen from Billerica, and went as far as Shrewsbury, ‘‘ about 34 miles.” On information there received they returned home and were disbanded. (d.) Service towards Crown Point and Lake Champlain, 1758-9. Here Lieut. Simon Godfrey, from Billerica, was killed in a skirmish near Fort William Henry, 1758, July 20, a few days after the death of Lord Howe. Some of these men may have gone down Lake Champlain with General Amherst and been present when Montreal surrendered. Of the men whose service is not designated, a large number went, in 1762, on an expedition beyond ‘‘ Albany river,” or the Hudson, the object I am not able to give. The forcible removal of the French neutral inhabitants of Acadia % The following references to The Massachusetts Archives give the volumes and the numbers of the rolls from which the above list has been gathered. I do not doubt that more extensive and careful examination than I have been able to make will discover addi- tions and corrections for this interesting record. Vol. XCI, 66-7, 170. Vol. XCII, 29, 79, 119, 26, 60, 82. Vol. XCIII, 29, 30, 35-6, 71, 134, 6, 8, 181, 8. Vol. XCIV, 59, 80, 105, 23, 85, 97, 325, 48. Vol. XCV, 838, 101, 75, 481, 2, 503. Vol. KCVI, 46, 416, 54, 73, 5. Vol. XCVII, 159-63, 75, 81-3, 207, 20, 364-5. Vol. XCVILI, 93, 228, 55, 302, 13. Vol. XCIX, 36, 112, 4, 22, 53,.208, 19, 39, 45, 6, 56. INDIAN AND MILITARY HISTORY. 151 entailed upon Massachusetts a heavy burden, in the care of these homeless strangers. They were distributed to the various towns, and a large family came to Billerica. Their presence appears in the treasurer’s accounts for 1755. He is charged with bills exceding £19, the largest of which was for sundries, to the merchant Nathan- iel Davidson. Other citizens are paid for board, pork, rye, meal, meat, beans, and medical care. In 1758, Mr. Davidson agreed to provide for the family one year for £30, and the selectmen presented a bill to the State,” ‘‘for providing for John King, his wife, and seven small children, and Ann King and her child,” for the year preceding. The items amounted to £25, 3s., 104d., including 10s., 4d. for seven months’ rent. In 1759, the constable is ordered to receive from the State treasurer £30, 13s., 2d. for the same purpose. In Noyember, 1759, a petition™ from the selectmen recites some of the facts and prays for relief. The family had been sent to Billerica in January, 1755. King had then six children, and Ann his kins- woman had a child born soon after. She afterwards married John Mitchel, who had been quartered at Londonderry, but-seems to have joined the family here, where a child was born. King’s eldest daughter was also married and had a child, and there were fourteen in the family. King was an old man with a young wife, and all were in a pitiable state of dependence. The selectmen add that the wretched house they Lad occupied could not be rented longer, and, at that season, they could not build a new one suitable for so large a family. Other towns had been burdened less, and they therefore pray for the removal of the family or for other relief. The Court granted their prayer, and directed the removal of the family at Billerica’s expense to Dunstable, which was to receive and make suitable provision for them. 25 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. XXIV, 80. 26 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. XXIV, 234. CHAPTER IX. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. Tue New England town was not a finished structure until it had a church and a pastor. Charters and grants embodied this condition, and were forfeit if it were not fulfilled in a reasonable period. The Puritans thought ‘‘the blessed ordinances of God’s word” indispensable to any community, and did not desire to be associated with or responsible for the existence of any town where these were not enjoyed. In the petition of 1654-5 for the tract of land west of Concord River, mention is made of ‘‘Revn*. Mr. Miller and those that come along with him, who were so ingaged to us, your petitioners, that we are dayly in expectation of their coming.” This was the Rev. John Miller, who had been ordained in England, had preached some time in Rowley as assistant of Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, the pastor, and then been for some years pastor of the church in Yarmouth. The negotiation to enlist him in the settlement of Billerica failed, and he remained at Yarmouth until 1662. He then went to Groton with the first settlers of that town, received a grant of a twenty-acre lot, and would have been installed the first pastor in Groton, but his sudden death, 1663, June 12, prevented. The first pastor of Billerica was to be a young man, who might here put on the harness, and identify his name and influence with the history of the town. Providence held in reserve the man for the place and the place for the man. Three years pass, during which the number of families increased from ten to twenty-five, and the name of Whiting appears. “16, 6m., 1658. At a Towne meeting. By vs, the inhabitance of Billirica, these severall propositions were discuste and agreed vpon by vs, (whose Names are hereunto subscribed,) which are hereafter expressed : RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 158 ‘*1. Wee do agree to give Mr. Samuel Whiting, Jun’., (our minister,) that house which is now vpon y* towneship, comfortably finished, for him, and his heirs, if he continues amongst us during his life. But if he shall remove from amongst us, then the said house with all the acomodations of the same shall returne againe to the towne, to be at their dispose; or, if Mr. Whiting shall dye with vs, then the towne shall have the refuseing of the said house and all other acomodations aforesaid belonging to the same, if Mrs. Whiting do sell y® same. : ‘2. We do promise to give to him y® sume of fourty pounds per year, for his maintenance, for the first two years of his setling with vs, and for the third year fifty pounds, and for the fourth year sixty pounds, and for afterwards we do promise and ingage to better his maintenance as the Lord shall better our estates. “3. We do Joyntly pmise to cary at of owne charge, from year to year, so much of the pay (as doth amounte to twenty pounds) as shall be brought in to him in wheat or in other graine, or porke; to deliver the same either at Mistick mill or at Charlestowne, which Mr. Whiting shall apointe, and to deliver the same at such prizes as such pay shall or doth at such times pass fro man to man, vnless Mr. Whiting and the Towne shall make any other agreement concerning the same. “4, Wedo promise to pvide his firewood & to bring it home to his house, from year to year, at our owne charges. ‘+5, We do promise to fence him in a paster for to keape his horse in, as convenient as we may. ‘ult. for his acomodations, we do promise to lay to y* said house, a ten-acre lot, for his house-lot, and twelve acres of meadow, with other acomodations convenient to the same, i. e. to grant to him all other divi- tions of lands and meadows, with other lots of y® like quantity.. ‘The persons subscribing to the premises, who were then the inhabi- tance, were: ‘“RaLPH HILL, Sen’. JOHN PARKER. WILL™. FFRENCH. JAMES PARKER. JOHN ROGERS, Sen’. WILL™. Tay. GEORGE FARLEY. WILL™, CHAMBERLINE. WILL™, PATTIN. JOHN TRULL. Sam), CHAMNE. JAMES PATERSON. JOHN STERNES. JOHN MARSHALL. JONATH. DANFORTH. JOHN SHILDON. Rap HILL, Jut. HENERY JEIFFS. JOHN BALDWIN.” ‘Also, at a Towne Meeting of y* inhabitance, y® 16, 10™., 1661. “Jt is agreed, That whatever charges Mr. Whiting shall be at, in makeing his house and land more convenient for his comfortable susistence ‘and livelyhood amongst vs, in erecting any more building, fenceing, or breakeing of land, or clearing of meadows, and the like; That in case the providence of god so orders it that afterwards he shall remove from us, and so (by our former agreement) leave all his acommodations to the use 154 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. of the Towne, the towne do promise that what the whole premises shall be the better, at his leaving it. by reason of his cost and charges upon it, It shall at that time be returned to him by the towne. as it shall be adjudged by men indifferently chosen.” , It speaks well for the courage and faith of these’ founders of the town that, numbering only nineteen men, they were ready to put their hands to such an instrument and assume all its responsibility. It speaks well for the young Harvard graduate, of good birth and sterling ability, that he was ready to identify himself with the rising town and make his home in this wilderness, when not even the little meeting-house of logs and thatch was yet erected. Where Mr. Whiting preached for the first two years, we can only conjecture; perhaps at John Parker’s, where early town meetings were held; perhaps in his own house. A year later, the following -vote appears :— “It is agreed, by the major prt of the Towne, that Mr. Whiting shall have 50 p. for this year, for his maintenance, and caring down corne, and making a well and hovell for his catell; which is 10 p. more than of agree- ment for his yerely maintenance; the caring his corne or other pay downe to towne and getting his firewood included, to be done at Mr. Whiting’s own charges.” ~ _ In the accounts of the town, credit is given to John Baldwin, George Farley, and*Ralph Hill, Jr., for ‘‘oxen to help fetch Mr. Whiting”; and to Ralph Hill, Sr., Samuel Kemp, John Marshall, James Paterson, and John Rogers, ‘‘for John for going for Mr. Whiting.” It was no small undertaking to help the minister remove to Billerica, at that day. ; ' When the earliest families had been five and six years in town, when their number had increased to thirty and they had secured a minister, they were at length prepared to grapple with the serious problem of a house of worship. ‘-09, 9, 59. it is Agreed by the major prt of the Towne, that there shall be a meeting house built this winter folling; thirty foote Longe and twenty and foure foot wide, and twelve foot high; the studs to be 3 foot asunder. the Comittee apoynted to agree with workmen. to bild and finish the said house, are Ralph Hill, Sent., George Farley, Jonathan Danforth; it is agreed, also, that the sides and ends shall be covered with bords and the Roof with thatch.” : This primitive meeting-house stood south of the centre of the present common, having its length east and west. Probably the RELIGIOUS HISTORY. ‘ 155 inhabitants contributed labor and lumber liberally to its erection, but John Parker was the principal builder, as appears from the following : “16, 10, 61. The town doe apoynte Will™ Tay, Will Hamblet, & Jonathan Danforth, as a Comitee to examine the acontes about y® bildinge and finishing the meeting house, and to consider some way to propose to the towne for satisfying John Parker for his disbursements, what they in their judgment shall se meet, and in their best understanding shall conseive ritasly due to him for the work done.” “6:11:61. the comitee abovesaide did meet together with the Towns- men, and examined the aconts, and they make this return followinge: to the Towne, we doe finde that acordinge to his aconts (which we judg to be Just and equall) there is due unto him The Just sume of eighteene pounds, fifteen shillings, three pence, we say, 18: 15: 3, and in consideration of the nature of the pay disbursed by him, exceedinge the quality of the pay received by him from the Towne, we Aprehend that the Towne may do well to make up the former sume full Twenty poundes. ‘this was excepted and granted by the Towne.” How Mr. Parker was paid has already appeared, in the account of the use made by the town of the land-grant of four thousand acres, received from the General Court, in May, 1661. [See p. 47.] No record remains of the completion or dedication of this house ; but we may be sure that the devout fathers of Billerica did not fail to consecrate it to the service of God, with due solemnity and rejoicing. A humble structure, it was in harmony with its surroundings; and worship fervent and true went up to God from its lowly walls. Provision was made soon after for the usual appendage of a New England meeting-house. (95, 7, 1660. . The towne doe give leave that Ralph Hill, Sen"., George Farley, Will”. French, Ralph Hill, Jun'., and John Parker, and such other persons as make use of their horses to Ride to y® meetinge, shall have liberty to make sum housing or housings to sett up for horses from time to time, without molestatione; and to sett up y® saide houseing below the Hill between the meeting house and Goldinge More’s barn, or in sum other place convenient for them.” : More’s barn was on Paul Hill’s land, perhaps as far south as Deacon Lund’s place; and the sheds were probably near, or just south of, Mr. Hill’s house. In 1661 the town ‘appoint Lieut. ffrench, John Parker, Ralph Hill, Sen., and Will. Tay, to sett in the Deacon’s seat; and also the town do appoint & impower these four men, joyned with Mr. Whitinge, to appoint the rest of the inhabitants and proprietors belonging to the town, there severall places where they shall sitt in 156 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. the meeting house, acordinge to their best discretion. * * Also, it is agreed, if any person or persons be agrieved in their being seated, and they doe make known their grievance to the persons above said; they are to consider of their grievance, and acte as they in their discretion shall see meete, in seating them elsewhere.” No church was yet organized, and the citizens of Billerica sought occasional church privileges with neighboring churches. The Rev. John Fiske, pastor of Chelmsford,’ mentions such courtesy to Ralph Hill and George Farley, and the case of Jonathan Danforth is given at length. The latter is too interesting an account of the way the fathers felt and acted on such questions to be abbreviated. ‘* Jonathan He. about 7 of 12, °56, proposing himselfe to this ch. Denford: for fellowship. It was concluded to answer him as follows: Jonathan Danford, his desire being proposed to this ch., [?7 of 12], to joyne himself in fellowship wt vs, it was considered of, and agitated, and in fine determined by joynte assent to returne him this answer, in effect as followeth: Namely, ‘That in case y¢ ch at Cambridge shall graunt him a permission so to doe, yeelding vp what right they have in him vnto this ch, and we shall receive satisfactione touching his being meetely qualified for, y® enjoyin' of all church Priviledges, we shall willingly attend his desire to y* receiving of him: otherwise we know no Rule of orderly proceeding with him, in this way; he being by vertue of his father’s covenant vnder the immediate inspection and charge (as we conceive) of y* ch. of Cambridge. »* Afterward, y* Elders of Cambr. Ch., writing to vs as from themselves their apprehensions as to this effect, they conceived we might, notwith- standing, receive y* said Jonathan without offence to that ch.” ‘*vpon 22 of 1**{ 56-57. It was returned thus: Jonathan Damford, his desire being vpon this day a 2‘ time proposed to this ch, with L's from y® Elders of Cambr. Ch. ‘The result of our ch. agitation amounted, in effect, to this, viz: that we, supposing he may be: fitt to enjoy all ch. priviledges, can not otherwise but sympathise wt him; and therefore, as y® case to vs appears at present, we are not apprehensive we are orderly called as yet to satisfy his desire, for our parts, conceiving he belongeth to them whose we think he is, either plainely to disowne him or to dismisse him; and, in case neither of these maybee, we know no rule or reason why he may not firstly joyne himself in personall covenant with that ch, and afterward, as just cause is offered, to be either recommended or dis- iuissed, or both, vnto vs. Or else, if by reasom of his distance from that ch, this be refused, whereas yet there areas we suppose, members of y*® + MSS. Record, now in possession of Mr. David Pulsifer, at iit State House. For Permission to make extracts from this Record, I am indebted to the courtesy of Rey. H. M. a D, D,, who has a copy of the obscure original, which was made for him by Mr. ulsifer, RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 157 said ch residing nigher to him than any of ours, he seems called, for his owne parte, to sit still a while & wayte till God more fully shew. vp his way.” Almost three years pass, and the case is reopened. ‘In 7, 59, 11™°, Jonathan Dafford brings L's. from y® ch of Cambr., wherein they resign vp all their right in him vnto vs to proceed with him. ‘* After some long agitation, at 3 several times, and divers qu. in poynt of order proposed, y® case at length came to be stated, and y® case, as touching order vpon several grounds, concluded; and thereupon y® whole ch. agreed to send a I". to y® Brethren at Billerica, to take off occasion of offence, and to cleere more fully our way, as followeth: ‘© -YeLrto To or Beloved Brethren, &c. at Billerica, &c. : aaa: Ff) Bias BR: Whereas, ‘*Jo: Danf: an Inhabitant amongst you. hath, for some time since, proposed himself as desirous to joyne wt ys in ch. fellowship, and hath obteyned Liberty from y* ch at Cambridge so to doe. as by L*® to vs from that ch is manifest to vs. And whereas we have been in some doubt about it since that time, as being hopefully persuaded that y* longing desires of their soules, after ye enjoying of y® Ordinances of X. amongst yourselves, would have set them vpon y* worke of Gathering a ch and ordeyning an Officer in y™ place; and that y® experience and observation of y® said Jonathan would have led you to have encouraged him in his desire after y¢ Ordin: in taking him amongst you in ye s? worke and vnto the same: or otherwise, in case of personal exception agst him, as regularly unmeete for fellowship, to have cleered y"selves in the matter. But perceiving that neither this nor that is attended by you, so as we. for o' partes, are ready to apprehend, had we been in yot case, it had concerned vs; Therefore, we have thought fitt to write viito you, to desire you would speedily and with the first opertunity enforme vs of these two things: First, whether indeed you bee, or doe intend soone to bee, in hand w'h ye sd worke of gathering a ch, and within what space of time there is an intendment or likelyhoode of accomplishing the same? and whether you doe intend to accept of y® si Jonathan amongst you vnto the worke? and, if not this or not that, then, if we maybe so far in yo™ favor, we should look at it as an act of Brotherly Love. to be enformed from you, of the grounds w*, if we may apprehend Just, you shall have vs (thro’ y® grace of Christ) in a.readiness to strengthen yo' hands in what may concern vs. If otherwise. we shall desire to act oT owne apprehensions as in what we shall conceive ot duty, and in particular in reference to s¢ Jonathan, with- out just cause of offense to you, in case you doe not lay before us grounds of conviction to the contrary. How meete we may find him for Fellowship, we can not yet determine. To rob you of him, in case meete, far be it from vs. ‘To receive him, you regularly judging him unmeet. and so to retayne him to ys, when once you have a ch amongst you, be it as far from vs as y® other. ‘Testimony from amongst you, we doe (in part at least) 158 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. expect ; and on y® other side, as you will approve yo'selves faithful to Jesus X., and to the soule of y® s¢ Jonathan. we doe looke you should, and hope you will, orderly remove matters of just offence, if any there be, or seasonably and regularly enforme us. “Seriously we doe desire you would not slight (as we dare not con- clude you will) this, o" Addresse vnto you, by a silent Answer, or by retarding a returne to vs from you, but that you would let us, within a short time, heare from you, and for the interim we commend you to y® Guidance of ye good Spirit of God and rest, Yor &e. ‘*CHELMSFORD, 29 of 11, 59.” é “19 of 2,61. Also about Jon: Daford:’ when voted that we should proceed to tryal with him, in order to his joining. A Testimony vuder Mr. Whiting’s. W™. French, Jam: Parker’s hand being Redd.” A month later, ‘*12 of 3,61. On this day Jonath. Dafford joyned in covenant with this ch, promising to attend ye Rule & order of y® Gospel, as touching joyning the ch at Billerica, if once gathered, or else to remove his station to this or some other Towne where a church shall bee.” Mr. Danforth kept his promise and took letters of dismission to the church in Billerica, 5:11: 65.” The formation of a church was felt by the fathers of New Eng- land to be serious business, not to be lightly or hastily undertaken ; and the importance of membership was viewed in the same light. We can not read this record between the lines without suspecting some difference of opinion among these Billerica men, and that the delay of the church organization is partially explained by that fact. To the valuable record of the Chelmsford pastor we are indebted for fuller light on this subject. The church in Billerica was organized, 1668, November 11; but the accounts of the town treasurer? inti- mate the presence of a council here in the April previous. Of this hitherto mysterious council, its object and result, Mr. Fiske fortu- nately gives us the full story. His record brings out the fact that Billerica was agitated by the question, so seriously disturbing the churches of the day, respecting the relation of baptized children to the church, and whether they could acquire, by infant baptism alone, the rights of citizenship in the State. The Chelmsford record is as follows : — ‘+ Billerica’s case. “On 12 of 24, 63, we received let® fro M™ Whiting & y® Breth™ for y® Pastor & Brethren to joyne with y* other messengers of X* in counsell to be given y™ about y'e proceeding to X®* state. Bro. Burge being chosen with y® past", Attendance was accordingly thr given on 27 of 24, as appoynted, whr met us the messengers of y® X of Ooburne: but Cambr 2 See ante, p. 70. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 159 & Watertowne messengers ca not, being as seemd by L's Hindred by Prvd. The messengers of y* 2 s4 X® beforest, being p'sent, were desired by y* Breth of Billericay, notwithstanding. to hr y® case & if possibly to help y™; Accordingly, it was Attended upon the desire, & on the 2d day, being the sitting day, Mr. Whiting & the rest, on both apprehensions, met. But we could not co to state y* qu between them till the Afternoon. So after we had made many assaies with them togethr & ap'te. At length finding: 1. That y' was a willingness & desire on both p'tes, to joyne together in y® worke of gathering a X & carrying on of y® ordin: amongst them, notwithstanding y® differance of y" App"hensions aboute Children’s state in y® X concerning y® [?] 2. That ye dissenting brethren to Mr. Whiting’s p'te had declared thereof : “1. That y’ child™ of parents in full coion were to be Baptized. _ . 2. y®s children, being baptized, are vnder the care of y® Church, w% is to see to y™ pious [nurture?] in y® heart & feare of God, & to be cate- chized. &c. Onely so’ of y™ would not have y™ vnder y® pow’ of y® X to be censured, tho so’ of y™ yielded it yt [?] now members, & might be ex- co’icated if deserving, only ys could not convey any right of membersh to y? Childr, nor could thr childr be reputed membrs, vnless y™ imediate pfits were in full coion vpon this account. The following question being drawne vp & p"posed, was consented _to, on all hands, to be ‘he Question.” ‘““The Copy of ye qu: & Answer given by y® Counsel to the Billericay Brethren is as follows: 28 of 29, 63, Billericy. “Qu. Suppose an equall number of persons differing in thr opinions aboute childrens intereste in the Church (both Infants & Adult) & both willing to practice their Opinion: How may such psons Joyne together according to a Rule & live together in church state according to a Rule? “A. We conceive as followeth: ‘1, That the two dissenting parties doe each of them choose equally (suppose fower). each of y™ of y' owne Appthensions, to be the matter of ye foundation. 2. That these all mutually & joyntly doe take & give satisfaction, each to other, touching there meetnes vnto this greate worke, as in all other Respts. 3. That if there app any just cause of laying by any one of these vpon the fores¢ account, that then One othr pson be chosen, according to y® first Pposal, in his Roome: 4. ‘That each trouble not the Other as to the matter of there appthension aboute the question betweene them, othrwise than by a Meeke, Brotherly & modest reasoning out the case of difference by the Word of God. as ovcasion is offered, for the mutual help one of another. 5. That the matter of difference as to the case of children simply beco no barr or lett to any, othrwise fitt to be received in, or added’ to them. “‘Postser. And we doe hope. thro the Lord’s help, that if you can thus joyne in all Brotherly love & goe on together in the due exercise of the same Love. forbearance & Tenderness: you may longe continew to- gether with the Lord's blessed p"sence in the midst of you, cleering up his will & way more fully to you in his owne season: wh‘ we shall pray for on yo! Behalves. *» Subscribed: JO: FFISKE. THo: CARTER. * Epw. JOHNSON. Jo". BURGE.” The men who were interested in and moved by such questions as these had mental powers of no mean order. It is not easy for us fully to understand their position, but it does not become us to underestimate them or smile at their difficulties. ‘They were dealing at first hand with fundamental problems of church and state, and 160 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. they had not the light of two hundred and fifty years’ experience to guide them. This possible church, outlined by the April council, smacks suspiciously of Presbyterian eldership and authority. It can hardly be the same as the foundation which was actually laid six months later. Again the Chelmsford record aids us :— **11 of 9, 63, Billerica. ‘Messengers fro y® ch. attended y® ch. gathering at Billericay where they all made a Relatio of y® worke of grace & consented in a written pro- fession of faith; & Mr. Whiting ordayned pastor. y* day comfortable. The assembling of this council and its proceedings must have formed a notable day in the lives of the fathers. It will help us revive the memory of the scene, if we recall the names of those who were likely to have composed it. Roxbury was represented certainly by its junior pastor, Samuel Danforth. He was the colleague of John Eliot, the devout and active Indian missionary, whose marvellous translation of the Bible into the language of the Indians was printed that very year. His labors among thé natives at Wamesit must often have led him through Billerica, and it is pleasant to think that he also was prob- ably present. Lynn must have sent her pastor, Samuel Whiting, Sen., the father of our candidate. And the mother church at Cam- bridge would not fail to share with her pastor, Jonathan Mitchel, in the joys of the day. Chelmsford, which had received as settlers a church already organized, with its pastor, John Fiske, gave gladly the hand of fellowship to a nearer sister. Concord, Woburn, and Andover would complete the circle of neighboring churches, and their pastors were Peter Bulkley, the cousin of Mr. Whiting’s mother, Thomas Carter, and Francis Dane. ‘The first minister of Boston, John Wilson, may have been present with his church; and Thomas Shepard, who had been Mr. Whiting’s classmate at Harvard College, as pastor of Charlestown. Malden, Reading, and Watertown would make up twelve churches, and their pastors were Michael Wiggles- worth, the poet, John Brock, the devout, and John Sherman, the eminent mathematician. : Whether all these were present or not, it was a grave and rev- erend council-which convened here on that November day. Our old town perhaps never had a more notable assembly. The candidate was most carefully examined in his doctrine and experience. He would have occasion to exercise all the logical skill acquired in his RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 161 Harvard training and displayed in his graduating thesis, on the question, ‘*‘An detur Maximum et Minimum in Natura.” There was at least one sermon, and the organization of the church at the same time may have required another; and, if the custom of a later day then obtained, the candidate preached his own ordaining sermon. The possible duration of these public services is suggested in the Woburn experience. There, when the church was organized, Mr. Symmes introduced the services and ‘‘continued in prayer and preaching about the space of four or five hours.” What would follow such an introduction we may imagine! Whatever thé order sor length of the services, that little thatvhed.mzeting-house was well filled by a congregation too much interested, as well as too devout, . to-betray weariness or to thank their descendants for sympathy. It is due to this first and eminent pastor of Billerica that we glance at the home and influences which had aided in moulding. his character. They will help us to understand better, not only this man himself, but others of his charge, fathers of the town. Rev. Samuel Whiting, of Lynn, was the father of our Samuel. Like John Cotton, of Boston, he gave the name of the English town in which he was first pastor to his New England home. His father, John Whiting, and two of his brothers were mayors of the English Boston, and warm friends*of their pastor, John Cotton, in whose Puritan convictions they shared. Samuel Whiting was born, 1597, November 20, and took the degrees'‘of A. B. and A. M. at Emanuel College, Cambridge, 1616 and 1620. Receiving orders, he was three years a family chaplain, and then installed at Lynn Regis, in Norfolk. Here, after three years, his earnestness and independence made him obnoxious to the Bishop of Norwich, and charges of non- conformity were made against him. But the death of King James relieved him, and -*the Bishop was willing to promise his friend the Sarl of Lincoln, who interceded for him, that he would no further worry him, in Gase he would begone out of his diocese where he could not reach him.” He therefore removed to Skirbeck, near Boston his old home. Here he labored for some years, not less faithful to his non-conformist principles on account of persecution, until the pressure of the times under Charles drove him forth, as it did Cotton, Hooker, and so many of the noblest and best men and women of England, in search of peace and ‘‘freedom to worship God,” in America. While living at Skirbeck Mr. Whiting married, 1629, August 6, 162 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. his second wife, Elizabeth St. John, and here our Samuel, her eldest child, was born, 1633, March 25. His mother was of a family still older and more notable. She was the daughter of the Right Hon.. Oliver St. John, 2 member of Parliament. Her brother Oliver married a cousin of Oliver Cromwell, and was one of the first lawyers and most progressive men of England. He defended John Hampden in the great case in which he resisted the King, on the question of the payment of ship money, and made that name immortal among the defenders of liberty. Later he became, under Cromwell, the Lord Chief Justice of England. His sister, Mrs. Whiting, added grace to her name by the beauty’ of her person and the worth of her character. Her noble and gentle blood proved its true quality, by the faithfulness with which she performed the duty and bore the hardships of her position as the wife of the humble country minister. Her rank and wealth did not bind any fetters around the freedom of their religious convictions ; and when the Puritan minister would leave all that inust have made England dear, she was ready to face the hardships and perils of the wilderness with him and prove herself his true helpmeet. Coming of such a stock, from such a home, with the best training which the times had to give, the young pastor of Billerica was qualified to magnify his office and make his mark upon the rising town. No records of the church are in existence until the settlement of the third pastor, in 1747, and on what basis of doctrine or covenant it was organized we know not. A renewal of covenant took place at that time, and it is sufficiently probable that the covenant then used. and found in the first book of the church’s records which has been preserved, was identical with that which was adopted by the fathers. It is as follows :— “The Covenant of the Church of Christ in Billerica. ‘* We. the Church of Christ in Billerica, hoping it will have a tendency the better to preserve peace and Order among us, and cause us to be more circumspect in our walk and conversation, renewedly to covenant with God and one another, thereby binding ourselves by an act of our own to walk in the way of God’s commandments, being sensible of our proneness to backslide; ‘Tho we are unworthy of such a transaction. yet Renouncing all confidence in our Selves and Relying on Christ alone for help, do cove- nant: as follows, viz: ‘*We believe the Scriptures of the Old and New Tcstament to be given by Inspiration of God, and promise by the Help of the Divine Spirit to govern our Selves, both as to faith and practice, according to that perfect ’ RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 163 Rule; and we also engage to walk together as a Ch of Christ according to all those holy Rules of the Gospel respecting a particular Church of Christ, so far as God hath or shall reveal to us his mind in that respect. ‘We do accordingly Recognize the Covenant of Grace, in which we acknowledge our Selves professedly devoted to the fear and service of God, Our Supreme Lord. and to the Lord Jesus Christ. the High Priest, Prophet, and King of his Church. unto whose Conduct we submit ourselves, on whom alone we wait and hope for Grace and glory. to whom we bind ourselves in an Everlasting Covenant never to be broken. ‘* We likewise give our Selves up one to another as fellow members of one Body in brotherly Love and holy Watchfulness over one another, for mutual Editication. and to Subject our Selves to all the Holy administrations appointed by him who is the Head of his Church, dispensed according to the Rules of the Gospell, and to give our constant attendance on all the Publick Ordinances of Christ’s Institution; Walking orderly as becometh Saints. ‘We do likewise acknowledge our Posterity to be included with us in the Gospel Covenant, and, Blessing God for so Rich a favour, do promise to bring them up in the Nurture and admonition of the Lord, with the greatest care; and to acknowledge them in their Covenant Relation accord- ing to the Rules of the Gospel. ‘*Furthermore, we promise to be careful to our utmost to keep up all the Ordinances of the Gospel among us, and to admit to our Communion all Such as shall desire to Join themselves to us, If in a Judgment of Charity we can be satisfied they are qualified therefor. And to walk in all Regular and due Communion with other Churches of our Lord. Jesus Christ. ‘* And now, since we have thus bound ourselves in Covenant to God and to one another, may the good Lord pity us and pardon our frailties; Humble us out of all confidence in our Selves; and may the grace of Christ. which is sufficient for us, be afforded unto us; and he who is the great Shepherd of our souls Lead us into the paths of ‘ruth and Righteousness for his Name’s sake, and at the last Receive us all into his heavenly Kingdom. Amen. ‘““ BILLERICA, August 14, 1747.” ‘““The Church met. having been Regularly notified & warned, & unani- mously voted and testified their consent to the aforewritten Covenant, and their Resolution to adhere to and govern themselves by it. * Test. ' SAMUELL RUGGLES, Pastor.” The last clause suggests the influence of the question which early agitated the churches, as to the terms of communion and church membership. At the beginning, in New England. only members of the church could vote or hold office. This fact did not result from the bigotry of the fathers. It would be as reasonable to reproach them for not having invented the steam-engine or discovered the circulation of the blood. Church membership was everywhere the 164 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. rule of civil privileges. The very occasion of their trouble was, the extension, before unknown, which they were giving to those privileges and the right of suffrage as a factor of their new Common- wealth. In England the practice was to baptize all children in infancy, and regard all as church members who had not been excommunicated. Persons appointed to office, civil or military, must ‘‘ qualify” by receiving the communion in the church, and many received it for this purpose and neglected it for every other. The fathers had been educated in this school and had no experience in any differing from it. It was to them a large and doubtful assumption that civil privileges in the Christian State they were rearing could be safely extended to non-communicants. But their spiritual enlighten- ment convinced them that to sprinkle an infant with water did not make him a child of God, and they could not recognize the disciple- ship of those who gave, in mature years, no ‘‘credible evidence of regeneration.” They were thus brought into practical difficulty. A generation of baptized children were coming ‘to maturity, many of whom had not united with the churches and were by that fact excluded from rights and duties in which their activity was important to the common welfare. Moreover, the children of these non-com- munigants were growing up without baptism, which, in the mother country, they would have received. What was to be done? The debates grew earnest and serious, and the result was the calling of a synod by the General Court, consisting of the elders and messengers from all the churches. This was held in 1662, and Samuel Whiting, the father, was a moderator of the body and had much influence in shaping its result. What is known as the Half-Way Covenant was the fruit of these deliberations. Some of the ablest divines in the synod opposed, but the majority decided: ‘*5™. Church members, who were admitted in minority, understanding the doctrine of faith and publicly professing their assent thereto; not scandalous in life and solemnly owning the covenant before the church wherein they give up themselves and their children to the Lord and subject them- selves to the government of Christ in the church, their children are to be baptized.” On this compromise the practice of the church in Billerica rested. In fifty years of Dr. Cumings’s ministry he admitted one hundred and ninety-nine persons to the Half-Way Covenant and three hundred and seven to full communion. The practice fell into neglect; there is no record of its formal discontinuance. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 165 From the Town Records we glean items illustrative of the religious life of the church and its relations with its pastor. The first sexton was William Haile. “12: 12: 62. by order & advise of yt Townsmen, I did agree [John Parker was clerk and first ‘townsman,’ or selectman, and speaks in the first person] with Willi Haill to keep y® meeting-house clean for 1 year for 20s. Also he doth ingadge to digg y® graves for such persons as shall dye in this Town, he being payd for y® same 18 pr a grave, or more, if it doe apere to be worth more, as the Nater of the digging shall require or the season of the year shall fall out, to hinder him in the work by frost or the like, then the said Willi is to have a hand to help him if Need require.” This service he continued to discharge until 1668, in which year he died. John Trull succeeded him. A list of curious interest is “The Rate for Mr. Whiting’s maintenance for y* year 63. Ralph Hill 03: 12: 03 Wille Hamlett 01: 11: 00 Nathaniel Hill 03: 17: 06 John Parker 03: 17: 06 Captin Gookin’s farme 03: 02: 00 Samuel Champneys 03: 02: 00 John ffrench 01: 11: 00 ffrancies Wyman 01: 11: 00 George ffarley 03: 02: 00 John Wyman 01: 11: 00 Wille French 01: 11: 00 Samuel Kemp 00: 15: 06 William Chamberlin 01: 00: 08 Simon Croshey 01: 04: 10 Henery Jefts 01: 11:00 Simon Bird O1: 11: 00 Eldr Richard Champney 03: 17: 06 Wille Haill 00: 07: 09 John Stern 03: 02: 00 Thomas Foster 01: O4: 10 _ Daniell Shead O1: 04: 10 Christopher Webb 00: 18: 08 Benjamin Parker Ol: 11: 00 Joseph Tompson 00: 15: 06 Thomas Pattin 01: 04: 10 Peeter Brackett 00: 15: 06 * Jacob Brown 01: 04:10 Captin Brackett John Stern Simon Crosby for James Patterson 00: 18: 08 Kinsley’s lot 01: 11: 00 John Rogers, Sent 01: 04: 10 Widdow Hubart 00: 18: 08 James Kidder 01: 11: 00 John Durant 00: 07: 09 Jonathan Danforth 01:11:00 John Kittrige 00: 15: 06 Golden More & John Brackett 00: 15: 06 Joseph french 01: 11: 00 Thomas Willice 00: 07: 09 Golden 108, Joseph 1: 01 Roger Toothacre 00: 03: 00 . John Poulter 01: 04: 10 Samuell Trull 00: 03: 00 John Baldwin OL: 04: 10 Ja. ffrost 00: 15: 06 John Marshall 00: 18: 08 =e John Trull, 00: 18: 08 Sume is 71: O01: 8 John Sheldon 01: 11: 00 eee Wille Tay 01: 11: 00 71: 9: 0 “7: 9: 64. the Townsmen did agree that Mr. Whiting’s maintenance shall be payd him acordinge to y® several sums above specified for ye yere 64.” 166 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. The following are added in the handwriting of the succeeding clerk, William Tay :— Roger Toothaker 00 - 09 - 02 Jhon Rogers 00-14-02 Sa. Trull 00-09-07 Jos. ffrench 00-09-10 (?) 00-10-05 2-12-04 71-09- 0 ; ‘74-O1- 4 The last name is obscure; it may be Ranalls, but is not found elsewhere. These payments of the minister’s rates were often, perhaps commonly, made directly to the minister and his receipt taken; a practice which might easily produce some confusion in the accounts of the town with him. When persons fell into arrears, in ‘+ dlearing with Mr. Whiting,” the case would be reported to the selectmen, as thus appears :— “79. 9m 66. The selectmen do order and impower the constable to collect of severall ye inhabitance & proprictors dmongst us those severall sumes of money, due to Mr. Whiting, our minister, according to a bill given in to the selectmen under Mr. Whiting’s hand, for his yearly mainte- nance; and in case any person shall neglect or refuse to pay in y® same. acording to order to Mr. Whiting, then the constable shall distraine such persons for their areers, acording to law.” “29: 11m 67. Intown meeting it was agreed that for the futer Mr. Whiting shall have all his corne paid in to him at such prises as the court shall set for y* country rate annually. Also it was farther declared that the towne had formerly agreed.to give Mr. Whiting one pound of butter upon every milch cow, annually, in part of pay.” 1670. ‘It is agreed that y* minister's rate should annually be comitted to the constable’s care, as y* other town rates are.” : In 1674, the town voted :— ‘ ‘That in case y® constables be forced to distraine any pson or psons for their dues to Mr. Whiting.” * * they ‘‘shall not take any lands or horse flesh, or anything that is not equivalent to wheat or other graine or porke at the country rate prise, both for the supply of Mr. Whiting’s family and for the market, which is the specia mentioned in the towne covenant with Mr. Whiting * * to be delivered at Mr. Whiting’s house at their charge who are distrained. ‘* Also, Job Laine’s proposition to abate him, aiiually, part of his dues to Mr. Whiting was propounded to the town, but not accepted.” RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 167 The matter of arrears in salary occurs in the Records every three or four years, the constables receiving charge to see that delinquents “cleared with Mr. Whiting.” In 1685, a list is given of forty persons whose arrears amount to £32, 18s., 10d. At the town meeting, 1692-3, March 6 :— “The Reverend Mr. Whiting propounded that the one part of the Covenant on the town’s part with him had not in his aprehencion been fulfilled, the town haveing engadged above the seventy pound per annum for to -better our pastour’s maintenance as god should better our estates,’ which had not yet bene done by any town act: for altho there had fre- quently bene over plus in the Rates, it had bene disposed of by the Towne for the payment of what afually could not be gotten; y® Reverend Mr. Whiting at the saine time declared his readiness to comply with anything which was Rationall, and the town at the same time manifesting their thankful acknowledgement’ unto Mr. Whiting that had so far accepted what this pore place had been capable of doing for him,” etc. * * ‘The town do agre to make good the severall Rates that have bene comitted unto the Reverend Mr. Samuell Whiting, in the severall sums as they have bene coinitted unto him, ever since the beginning of eighty four, & to see that ‘they are paid in unto Mr. Whiting upon the account of making good the other part of the covenant above or besides the seaventy pounds; & for the future we do engadge to alow Mr. Whiting his firewood, afiually, above his seventy pound, in the same specie as before. ‘the above said voat sent unto the Reverend Mr. Whiting by two of the inhabitance, to propound unto his consideration, & was Readily acepted unto the great satisfaction of the inhabitance.” In 1698, December, the arrears due Mr. Whiting were found to amount to £64, 15s., 4d., almost a year’s salary. The pastor ‘desired that if any one claimed to have paid what had not been credited to him, it should be allowed. The constables and selectmen were enjoined at length to secure the payments due; and, in case of their failure, the town, promised ‘‘to satisfie rationally the person or persons that shall bring this discharge” from Mr. Whiting. Four years previously, when the second meeting-house was built, Mr. Whiting had made an offer to the town ‘‘either to give fivetene pound to the Town in desprat debts, such as he should point out unto them, or ten pound in the undertaker’s [builder’s} hand, or six pound in sillver toward the purchasing of a bell”; in return for which he was to have ‘‘a seat for his family for his propriety.” The town accepted the first offer, and in 1698 voted to ‘‘ grant unto the Reverend Mr. Samuel Whiting that pue that his family now sits in, so long as he continues our minister. * * And in case an after 168 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. minister should request that pue, rather than another, then the town do engadge to build another of the same demencion and workman- ship, and to confirm it unto Mr. Whiting as his propriety forever.” * Whereupon Mr. Whiting ‘did discount fivetene pound of the debts given in to the Town this day.” 5 With the growth of the town the primitive mecting-house became too small, and, in 1679-80, it was shingled and a gallery put in. Samuel Frost covenanted to build the gallery for 20 shillings in silver, and 6 pounds, 10 shillings ‘in this present town rate.” He was to erect it ‘‘upon the beames; * * to make one seat in front, & to floor it on the backside to the rooffe of the house, & set a bench behind it, such an one as that place will admit of. And two seats on each side, upon the beames, the foremost of each seat to come down as low as the under side of the beames, that is. the under side of the joyce to be even with the chamnfering of the beames, & so all three fore seats to be even at y? bottom. ‘The seats of the fore side seats shall be over the beames, and but a little above them. ‘The hindmost side seats shall be behind and above the beames, each seat to be comely closed with rails and boords, as is usiall in such work, the fore seat with ballisters. ‘The floors made comely and close joynted, to preserve the dirt from falling downe. , All the seats to be finished comely, acording to the usiall mafier of. such worke. with a sufficient paire of staiers to them, and a floor to cary to the seats. the hind seat at the west end to reach from rooffe to rooffe. And to make a casement window of two foot square in the cleare. and put it up at ye east end of the house above the collarbeame. ‘To find all the stuffe and nails and boords and carting at his owne charges; all the timber to be sound and good, and the work all well wrought, workmanlike, acording to y* nature of such worke (glass exempted), and the work to be done by y@ last of March next.” \ With this improvement the house served the fathers for worship fourteen years longer, when the following record is found :— **8. 10™, 1693. In reference to a new Meeting house, the town voted their willingness, and desire that Capt. Hill, Mr. Crosbey. Leift. Willson, and Sergt. Richison should undertake the same, to begin and finish, Redding Meeting house to be the pattern in most respects; also, they are willing to give three hundred pounds, one quarter of it in money and ye seats of ye old meetinghouse what may be of use, acording to discours about it. The Town Appoint Capt. Danforth, Leift. Tomson. Cornit Starns, and Joseph Walker, Sen., to draw up a bargain with the aforesaid undertakers; to order when the said house shall be finished and when the money shall be paid, and in what and at what tearmes the inhabitants shall be imployed about it. Also, they order that when ye Court shall Jhave approved our RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 169 Town orders, a list of every man’s estate shall be taken acording to former agreement, and y® charges of said house assessed and to be collected according to agreement with the undertakers.” July 9, 1694. Provision was made for staging for raising the meeting-house. Sundry inhabitants were appointed to provide posts and others to dig holes for them; ‘‘the next second day, being the 16 of July,” was appointed, and ‘‘all persons capable of labor” were ‘to apear by seven o’clock in the morning at the second beat of the drumb.” The clerk, good Deacon Tompson, completes his account :—? ~The service was atended upon the day apointed_by about forty and five hands of our towne the first day, and the towne generally came together the second day, and many other out of other Towns. sum that came to inspect us and several that were helpful to us of other ‘Towns; and the third day we concluded our worke with our own Town's help; perticuler persons provided for them selves and friends; no considerable harm done, not a bone broken;: we had the helpe of our Reverend’ pastour to desire god’s blessing’and protection. and when we had finished our work we concluded with a psalm of praise and returning thanks unto god by our Reverend pastour.” : In December it was voted that there should be two pairs of stairs, not four, to the gallery; and a proposition was rejected to have the pulpit set forward far enough to have one seat behind it. The matter of seating persons in the meeting-house cost the fathers no little anxiety. As early as 1661 this appears in the record, already given:* ‘¢25, 11™, 1665,” it was ordered, ‘* That the Towns men in being shall order the seating of persons in y* meetinghouse which are not seated at the p'sent, and to remove, alter, and change prsons already seated, acording to their best discre- tion.” After this a special committee is appointed occasionally, once in two or three years, to discharge this duty, untilin 1679 if was again committed to the selectmen. Rank, wealth, and social’ standing were the factors in determining the place where persons should ‘sit, and there was ainple room for jealousy and trouble, even among the plain yeomanry of Billerica, on this subject. ‘‘Mr. Richard Daniel, Gentleman,” whose wife was a daughter of a knight in England, had, it is safe to say, one of the best seats. On the completion of the new meeting-house the question of ‘‘seats” gained: fresh importance and a larger committee was 2 Records. Vol. II, p. 51. 3 See p. 155 above. 170 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. appointed, ‘*Namely, Capt. John Lane, Corp" Jonathan Hill, Mr. Simon Crosbey, Serjt. Jacob French, Serjt. Samuel Manning, Mr. Edward Farmer, Mr. Joseph Walker, John Shead.” * ‘At the same meetng the Town apointed Capt. Jonathan -Danforth & Lt. John Sternes and Joseph Tomson, to apoint such persons where they should have their places in y® meeting house and their wives, who were appointed to place the other inhabitants.” Which of these committees was first to assign the other their seats is not clear; but it is to be hoped that they knew and had no heart-burnings about it. The result of their labors gave so little satisfaction that it was voted a nullity the next year, and a new committee of five was to be appointed. But no record was madeof the appointment or action of a second committee, and probably the effort to improve the previous arrangement did not succecd. The material for the spiritual history of the town is very meagre. For the first century we have almost nothing, except hints of the town record relating to the pastor and the successive meeting-houses. Of Mr. Whiting’s personality we have no glimpse. nor of' the quality of his preaching. The collection of his mss. sermons, once in ‘possession of the late Rey. C. B. Thomas, of Concord, New Hampshire, which was taken by him to Missouri, would give light on this point, but has probably gone the way of the Alexandrian Library. That he was a faithful minister, worthy of the respect and love accorded to him by two generations here, can not be questioned. He brought the earnestness of a Puritan and the culture of Harvard to his long and self-denying labors; and the absence of any hint of doubt or disaffection in all the years of his ministry bears testimony to the wisdom with mate he filled his high office. His house was the ‘‘main garrison” of all the dark war days; and he was the trusted counsellor of Danforth, Tompson, and others, in all their important and trying secular matters, as well as spiritual. The wisdom of this world was combined with that from above to a degree rarely equalled in the early New England ministers, and Mr. Whiting held an honorable place among them. That he had opinions and convictions far in advance of his century is pleasantly shown in this record, 30 October, 1693:4 “At this meeting our Reverend Paster, Mr. Sam'. Whiting, did set at liberty and free from his service, Simon Negro, who hath been his * Records, Vol. II, p. 35. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 171 servant about thirty and one years, being now about forty years old. The which said Simon Negro the town of Billerica doth accept as an inhabitant amongst themselves.” Does the country afford an earlier prophecy of .the great Emancipation Proclamation! This faithful servant, it may be added, received, in 1709, a grant of seventeen acres of land; and, in his will, which bears date a few days after Mr. Whiting’s death, ‘‘in consideration of the respect which I have and do bear to my Master’s family,” he gives them his homestead and tae land west of Concord River, granted as above. In the recital of Mr. Whiting’s children he names ‘‘Samuel, of Dunstable, now in captivity.” But the labors and hardships of his ministry began to show their effect, after more than forty years. A hint of this has been given from Judge Sewall’s Diary ;° and the coincidence, even of language, is curious, that Mr. Tompson makes this record two months earlier than Judge Sewall’s call. A town meeting was to be held ‘‘ August 10, 1702, to agree about providing of help to supply the Reverend Mr. Samuell Whiting’s place, being in a weak & languishing condi- tion.” The action taken was as follows: ‘‘They do agree to make a free Contribution to gratify persons imployed by us, to the vallue of ten or twelve shillings pr. day, to be given unto him by the Deacon out of such contribution; who, with the Asistance of Mr. Simon Crosby, are desired both to receive the Contribution & to take speciall care that we be suplied with a minister from Day to day, untill further order, or that our Reverend pastor is sum what able to suply as formerly.” — . Another meeting was held, October 12, and committee sent to consult with Mr. Whiting ‘‘ whether we should call one at present, in order-to a settlement among us, or to desire some help onely for this winter season.” The result was that a temporary supply was deemed expedient. Mr. Whiting proposed, if his salary were made up in full. to ‘diet the minister that might come to help.” There was much discourse about the matter, but on account of his weak- ness, natutally several were ‘‘averse unto it.” ‘‘ After much debate it seemed no help that could be procured to suply in the ministry at present, except that it was done out of that which we had usuly & annually granted unto the Reverend Mr. Samuell Whiteing. A matter very grievous unto severall amongst us.” 5 See above, p. 155. 172 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. A committee was appointed to seek help until spring. ‘Mr. John Fox was desired and Mr. John Whiting next to him.” Mr, Fox proposed to supply until May, for fifteen shillings per Sabbath, in silver, and his expenses. The town proposed that he should ‘‘ find himself,” and he, it seems, consented, as he was paid for eighteen Sabbaths, £13,10s. Mr. Fox was the son of the pastor at Woburn. His father died while he was preaching in Billerica, and in November he was himself settled in Woburn, remaining pastor until his death, in 1756. Mr. John Whiting, above named, was the son of Rev. Joseph Whiting, brother of the pastor here. He was settled at Concord, in 1712, and for many years was pastor there. We may infer that Mr. Whiting was able to resume his labors in May, and we know that ‘he did not see his way clear at present to abate of his salary for the encouragement of another.”* He continued to discharge his ministry five years longer, when his disability, by reason of age or infirmity, became such that the town proceeded to employ a colleague. ‘‘At a gencral Town meeting, July 7, 1707, the inhabitants of the Town made choyce of Mr. Samuel Ruggles, of Roxbury, to help Mr. Whiting in the work of the ministry, for one year next ensuing, in case the Town & Mr. Ruggels can agree upon terms.” Captain Tompson and Captain Lane were appointed to treat with Mr. Ruggles. Mr. Whiting proposed to abate £20 of his salary if the remaining £50 were paid him, and the town voted to pay Mr. Ruggles £40 per year while Mr. Whiting was able to assist him, and £80 for a settlement. The latter was increased to £100. They also voted that ‘* four or five acres, or as much as can be conveniently spared, of the coon land, westward of the meeting house and Rubish meadow, shall be sold to help pay the hundred pounds to Mr. Ruggles, he to have the refusal of said land.” And it was finally stipulated that ‘‘after Mr. Whiting’s decease the Town will make Mr. Ruggles his sallery as good as ever Mr. Whiting’s sallery was befour Mr. Ruggles came to Town.” September 8, 1707, the town granted him ‘eight acres of land, for four pounds an acre, on the common westward of the meeting house, bounded by Enoch Kidder west, by Rogers south, by a highway north, and east by a streight line from the southeast corner of Capt. Danforth his paster to the northeast corner of Rogers his orchard, by the pound.” This was the familiar corner on which now ,© Records. Vol. IL, p. 228. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 173 stand Mrs. Osborn’s house, the Bennett Library, and the First Church. It may have included the site of Mr. Morey’s store and the Post Office. Here Mr. Ruggles built his home and lived for forty years. The formal agreement einbodying these stipulations is recorded, (Vol. II, p. 267). It was also agreed that he should receive ten pounds annually and provide his own firewood; and that, if he removed without the consent of the major part of the town, he should return the hundred pounds ‘‘settlement.” The fact is note- worthy, that we have no hint of the church being consulted or having any voice, as distinct from the town, in all these negotiations. In fact the town and the church were felt to be one, and no distinction occurred to these good men. Sixty years later, when Dr. Cumings was settled, they had reached the stage of a separate consciousness. The employment of Mr. Ruggles for a year was evidently at first as a candidate only; but the result being favorable, he was ordained, 1708, May 19. The venerable senior pastor was spared for five years longer, rounding out, in serene age, one of those pastorates which constitute an epoch in the history of any community. His parish was wide, extending with the town from Concord and the modern Acton to the Merrimack and Andover. For fifty-six years he preached the gospel to hearers who came five and six miles to listen. They heard two sermons, and we may be sure they were not short ones. The modern demand for a sermon not over half-an-hour long would have surprised these fathers as much as would the railroad, the telegraph, or a daily newspaper. They sought at church not merely spiritual food, but much of the intellectual and social stimulus which their children draw from other sources, and hence would listen without weariness and eagerly, and go home to discuss sermons which a modern audience would not tolerate. The demands of such a ministry Mr. Whiting satisfied with honor to himself, ‘‘ holding forth the word of life,” and winning souls to his divine Master. He baptized the children and buried the dead; but be did not always, probably not often, perform the marriage service. The fathers thought that it smacked of popery for the minister to marry them, and went to the magistrate instead. Casting in his lot with the young town, and meeting patiently and bravely the hardships it involved, he reaped his reward in the respect and affection which surrounded his old age. His influence was stamped upon the character and history of the town. At last 174. HISTORY OF BILLERICA. his work was done. Jonathan Danforth, companion and friend of many years, died in September, 1712. Then, on February 15, the dearer companion of all his joys and sorrows was taken away. Without her the good man could not live, ‘and death separated them but thirteen days. On the last day of February, 1712-3, the faithful shepherd went to his rest. Cotton Mather tells us, and we may thank him for the item, that he died ‘‘an hour before Sunset.” And, not for their poetry but their truth, we may repeat the lines: “Whiting, we here behold, a starry light, Burning in Christ’s right hand, and shining bright; Years seven times seven sent forth his precious rays, Unto the Gospel’s profit and Jehovah’s praise.” ‘The pastorate of Mr. Ruggles continued a few months more than forty. years, and was terminated by his death, 1748-9, March 1. Little is known of his ministry and character, and the family history given elsewhere includes nearly all that can be said of him. The rapidity with which oblivion covers the lives and deeds of men has a striking illustration in the scantiness of our knowledge of Billerica’s second pastor. For more than a generation this gentleman lived ‘ Sand labored, a foremost figure in the life of the town, preaching the gospel from week to week in the pulpit and by the way, satisfying so well the lofty Puritan ideal of a pastor that no whisper of dissatis- faction is preserved. Yet what manner of man he was, or what were the characteristics of his ministry, we have no hint. But lives happy and useful are often quiet, sounding no trumpets, and this is the just account of many a rural pastor whose record is on high. A negative inference is suggested by the absence of Mr. Ruggles’ name from all the narratives and testimonies which, in his later years, grew out of the presence of Whitefield in New England, and the controversies which accompanied him. Jonathan Edwards was settled at Northampton in 1727. With the insight of a master mind he detected currents in the life of the churches of perilous tendency. The old Half-Way Covenant was filling them with members who gave ‘*no credible evidence of regeneration,” and even opening the pulpits to men of the same class, while the duty of communion as a ‘¢means of grace” was urged upon unconverted men. Edwards, and after him Whitefield, brought all their great powers to bear against these errors, and no small stir was the natural consequence. If the churches accepted the revolutionary doctrines, many feared the loss of civil privileges along with those of communion. Edwards was driven from Northampton to the wilds of Stockbridge, and Whitefield RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 175 was assailed with bitter opposition. He was not the first or last reformer not always temperate or wise, and good men were divided in opinion. Testimonies and counter-testimonies multiplied and the lines were tightly drawn on every hand. ‘There were few of the ministers whose names do not appear and whose position was not recorded on one side or the other. Mr. Ruggles was one of the few. This may be partially explained by the fact that the infirmity of age began to tell upon him early. Yet the suspicion is natural that he sympathized with the position of his son-in-law, Mr. Morrill, of Wilmington, of whom tradition relates, that when Mr. Whitefield had am appointment to preach there, he rode all over town and warned his people not to attend the service. The result was natural; a first-rate notice and a great congregation. The building of the third meeting-house occurred during Mr. Ruggles’ pastorate. The vote to build was passed, 1737, Septem- ber 15th, and a building committee was appointed in November, consisting of Dea. Samuel Hill, Benjamin Tompson, Esq., Joshua Abbott, Ens. Benjamin Shed, and Sergt. Benjamin Frost. Timber was to be made ready for building the next summer. The size of the house was to be 6040, and 26 feet ‘‘between joynts.” It was to be thirty feet north of the former house, and must have stood near the present Soldiers’ Monument. The raising took place, 1738, May 24th, and March 6th following, the town voted, ‘‘after large debate,” to ‘‘sell the pue ground in our new meeting house, under such Restrictions and Regulations as the town shall hereafter see best, which money coming by the sale of the pues shall be improved towards the finishing our new meeting house.” In May, it was voted, ‘‘that when any pue is granted to any man, in our new meeting house, that the man and his family shall sit in said pue, if there be conveniency of room in said pue.” In the earlier meeting-houses pews had been few. The first mention of one is in 1670, December, when Mr. Daniel had ‘‘liberty to make a pue in the east! end of y* meeting house, where he did desire it”; and Mr. Whiting had a pew in the new house in 1694. If there were any other pews before 1712, they are not alluded to. But, 1711, November 16, the town granted ‘‘ liberty to build pues in the vacant places in y* meeting house, and to cut of two or three feet of the deacon’s seat.” March 17, it was ‘‘ voted, that those persons that had the grant of pues in the meeting house shall be at the whol charge of building them, and that those two persons that shall Joyne 176 . HISTORY OF BILLERICA. upon that place that is granted for Mr. Whiting’s pue shall be at the charge to finish that pue. Also, that every man that shall have the grant of a pue shall be oblidged himself and his wife to sit there, and to keep it filled with such a convenient number as shall be judged fit by the committee that shall be appointed to Regulate that affair. Also, it was voted, that there should be liberty to build pues behind the body of seats below, taking away the hind seat, and so taking as much of the Alley as is convenient, and not to streighten the passages.” Simon Crosby was granted a place ‘‘on the North side, between Mr. Whiting’s pue and the old pue at the east end of the pulpit” ; Captain Tompson, ‘‘between Mr. Whiting’s pue and the East door”; Lieut. Samuel Hill, ‘‘between Mr. Ruggles’ pue and the West door, Mr. Ruggles his pue to be taken in to the middle ‘ of the window”; Enoch Kidder and Simon Crosby ‘‘ters, that place between the west door and the stay”; Quarter. Nathaniel Page and Job Lane, Jun’., ‘‘that place behind the body of seats, at the upper end of the men’s seats”; Joseph Crosby, ‘behind the women’s seats, joining to Mr. Page and Job Lane”; Dea. Samuel Hunt, ‘‘behind the men’s body of seats, joining to Mr. Page.” It was also voted, that the west door should be cut and hung to open at the middle; and the three deacons, with Major Lane and Uliver Whiting, were appointed a committee to regulate the matter of the pews. The deacons were Joseph ‘Tompson and, probably, Joseph Foster and John Sheldon. From this record it seems that ten pews were built in the old church before and behind the two rows of long seats or benches on which the men and women sat, separated by the central passage. In the new church, the committee chosen to ‘‘order who shall have the pues” were instructed, ‘‘so far as they have respect to pay, to govern themselves only by real and personal estate.” But the town was not pleased with the result and appointed another committee ‘‘ to assess the value of the pue ground.” Their report assesses twenty- two choices at sums from £15, 18s., to £5, 12s., reaching a total of £254. It was then voted, 1739-40, March 4, that ‘‘the highest payers of the two Rates that was granted for the building our new meeting house shall have the offer successively of the pue ground at the price set on them,” and the next Monday a meeting was held, at which ‘‘the heirs of the pue ground” were to declare their ‘‘ accept- ance or refusal of their right.” The twenty-two tax-payers who would be entitled, on this condition, to the pues, if all accepted SS ei RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 177 their right, were'in order as follows: John Stearns, Simon Crosby, William Stickney, Jonathan Bowers, Elizabeth Osgood, Benjamin Tompson, Andrew Richardson, William French, Seth Ross, Joseph Farley, John Shed, Joseph Davis, Samuel Sheldon, John Needham, Oliver Farmer, Joshua Abbott, Benjamin Shed, William Crosby, John Hill, Nathaniel Richardson, Thomas Ross, and Jacob Walker. These pews were placed doubtless around by the walls, leaving the centre to be filled with long seats, where those not provided for in the pews would find a place. ‘ The old house was sold for £40, the town ‘‘reserving such seats as they had occasion for in finishing the new, and the glass of the pue in the south front galerie, provided by the proprietors of the said pue, and the window that Mr. Samuel Danforth provided.” It would be interesting if we had a sight or intelligible description of this reserved glass and window. The cost of the house was provided for by one rate of £500, two of £250 each, and by the sale of the pews for £250, making a total of £1250. Whoever is curious to do so, can trace minute details of the expenditures as they are recorded, (Vol. IIT, pp. 101-2, 137-38). For ‘‘ framing,” Ens. Benjamin Shed, Sergt. Benjamin Frost, and John Dutton were paid ‘‘13-06 08,” each, and a large proportion of the names of citizens appear, credited with labor, lumber, nails, or other items. This house served the town for sixty years, when the present First Church was built, in 1797. The old house was then sold to the contractor for building a town- and school-house and reconstructed, with reduced dimensions, on the east side of Main Street near. There it was so used for a generation, and many of the older people of to-day attended school in this venerable building. It then passed into private hands and was used as a hall and store until 1876, when it was burned with the adjoining hotel, which stood on the corner of Andover Street. The early years of Mr. Ruggles’ ministry were signalized by the appearance of a bell. At a meeting, 1710-11, March 9th, it was . voted, ‘‘that the money that the land was sold for to Capt. Reed, on the west of Concord River, shall be laid out, to buy a bell for the meeting house.” Captain Lane and Lieutenant John Stearns were appointed ‘‘a committy to provide a Bell for the Town, not exceeding sixty pounds prise.” The land sold to Captain Reed was a tract remaining after the land divisions of 1708-10, and consisted of five hundred and sixty acres, bounded ‘‘ southwest by Concord, one mile ; and on the Nor west by the Major’s farme, upon a streight line about 178 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. 384 poles, and partly by Verginia meadows; on the north east by the land of Kendal Patten about 323 poles; and south east by the Bloods’ land, in a crooked line, about 292 poles.” Previous grants of meadow were excepted. The price is not stated, but was prob- ably £50, as more than that sum is said to be in bank, and the balance of the £60 was to be raised if necessary by a town rate. For the hanging of the bell, the town agreed, 1713-14, January 18, with James Hosley and Ben. Frost. They were to do all the wood work, make the stairs, platform, and door, and provide the ‘‘ Irone work of good Irone,” for which they were to have pay, and hang the bell ‘fit to ring”; for all which they were to receive £4 and aid in raising the bell. This bell was used until 1753, January 23, when a committee was appointed ‘‘to take down the bell and convey it to Boston and dispose of it in the best way they can towards the procuring another ; and indent with some Gentleman for another, * and to Run the hassard of said Bell from Ingland to Boston; the bell to be procured by said committee is not to exceed five hundred pounds in weight.” At the same time the town voted to sell ‘‘so much of the hind seats on the lower floor on the south side of our meeting house, on each side the middle or broad alley, as will be convenient for six pues, three on a side, to be sold to the highest bidder, * in order to purchase a meeting house bell.” This second bell, it appears, came from England, and was probably the same which was ‘‘cracked” by violent ringing on July 4th, 1842. The memory of our older citizens recalls the fact that it bore an inscription including the name ‘‘ Billericay,” a form of the word which English workmen would be very likely to use. But the facts disprove the pleasant tradition that the first bell in town was a gift, suitably inscribed, from the English Billericay. And it is hardly possible that suck an incident could have occurred at any later date and left no trace in the Records of either town. Of the congregation in Mr. Ruggles’ day we have an interesting glimpse in a seating list, which has been fortunately preserved. It is without date, but must belong to the old meeting-house, and after 1733. If we assume its date as 1736, we can not be far from the fact. The occupants of the ten pews are, of course, not included, and, if two families occupied each pew, these would add twenty names to the one hundred and fifty of this list. But about thirty of the young men seated in the side gallery were not married, and RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 179 the number of families in the congregation, judging from this record, must have been near one hundred and forty. The deacons were seated in front of the pulpit, and their wives with, the widows, and two other ladies are specially provided for. In the two front seats we see the twenty men who are dignified with the title of ‘*‘ Mr.” Of the first ten, Mr. Richardson, aged fifty-six, was the youngest. ‘* Fore seat below: Mr. Enoch Kider. Mr. Sam!. Danforth. Mr. Isaac Stearns. Mr. Tho: Pattin. Mr. Nathan Crosbey. Mr. Thomas Baldwin. Mr. John Needham, Mr. Jonathan Hill. Mr. W™. Manning. Mr. Natt}. Richardson. 2d seat below: Mr. Hugh Ditson. Mr. Sam!. Hill, Jun". Mr. John Wilson. Dr. R. Toothacar. Mr. John Leavenston. Mr. Oliver Farmer, Mr. Benoney Spaldwin. Mr. John Durrant. Mr. John Walker. Mr. Oliver Whiting. 3d seat below: Josiah Crosbey. John Sanders. Ralph Hill. Edward Farmer. Benj. Walker. Jona®. Danforth. Josiah Brown. Seth Ross. Enoch Kidder, Jun’. John Pollard. Front fore seat: Danl. Stickney. Jacob French. John Baldwin. Saml. Brown. Jacob Danforth. Stephen Richardson. Thomas Crosbey. Thom. Ross. Sam!. Danforth, Junt. Benj. Frost. 4th seat below: Timothy Farley. Robert Blare. Jonathan Kemp. Nicolas Sprake. John Blanchrd. > Seth Putnam. Benj™. Hopkins. Edward Pollard. John Brown, Thom. Horsley. 5th seat below: Eben Dowse. W™, Shed. Sam!. Danforth, Ters. Joseph MunRoe. Abraham Durrant. Saml. Richarson. James Farley. W™, Manning, Jun’. John Pattin. Clement Chamberlin. 4 LIST OF SITTINGS IN THE MEETING-HOUSE, ABOUT 1736. 6th seat below: James Crosbey. James Frost. W®., Tarbell. Nicolas Danforth. Isaac Marshall. Joseph Hill, Jun". Hezekiah Duntley. Joseph Kemp. Natt!. Pattin. Richard Farmer. 7th seat below: Saml. Hall. John Frost. W™, Needhan. Eleazer Whiting. Jacob Willson. Jeremiah Abbott. Jonathan Kemp, Jun’, James Sanders. Peter Hill. John Blanchard, Jun’. 8th seat below: Benj. Manning. James Ditson. Jeremiah Baldwin. Joseph Walker. Richard Snow. John Horsley. Natt!. Pollard. Eben Hill. Tho. Leavenston. Nicolas French. 180 fistoRY OF BILLERICA. LIST OF SITTINGS IN THE MEETING-HOUSE. — Continued. Fore seat, side Gallerie: Arthur Mullin. Obediah Sanders. W™, Kidder. John Willoughbey. David Sanders. : David Baldwin. Dan. Shed. Joseph Walker, Junt. W™, Baldwin. Jon®. Hill, Jun’. Ezekiel Walker. Ralph Hill, Junt. Josiah Kemp. Uriah Leanord. Eben French. Roger Toothaker, Jun". Benj. Walker, Jun’. Samuel Whiting. Nattl. Brown. Nicolas Sprake. Jun’. 2d seat, side Gallerie: Nathan Crosbey. Jun. Saul. Hill. Ters. John Dows. Oliver Crosbey. Thomas Ditson. Tim Farley, Jun". Jon®. Crosbey. Jonathan Richardson. Joseph Farley, Jun’. Benj". Dowse. Benj. Durrant. James Freeland. John Durrant, Ters. Joseph Osgood. In ye fore seat below: Joseph Patten. Sam!. Hill, quarts. Deac*. Davis’ wife. John Parker. Henry Jeffts, Jun. Deac*. Hill’s wife. Andrew Farmer. Natt!. Ranger. Deac". Abbott’s wife. John Trull. Seth Willson. W™, Bowrs. Robert Walker. Natt!. Riehardson’s and W., French, Ters. Sam!. Blanchard. W™ Maiiing’s wives in Sam!. Crosbey. ye 24 seat below. 2d seat, Front Gallerie: Jona. Danforth, Junt, W™, Medoel [McDowell]. Thomas Davis. Widow Rogers, 34 seat Josiah Crosbey, Junr. Josiah Dutten. below; Widow Whit- James Laws. John Hagott. . ing, 34 seat below. Jacob Manning. Dan!. Leavenston. \ The question of a colleague for the pastor came before the town, 1746-7, March 8, and a committee, Benjamin Tompson, Esq., Capt. Thomas Kidder, and Dea. Joshua Abbott, was appointed, to confer with Mr. Ruggles. They reported that he was ‘‘very free,” and ‘desired that the town would proceed in that affaire.” Another committee, of seven, was then directed to ‘‘desire Mr. Ruggles to assis with them in calling in some of the neighboring ministers to keep a Day of prayer, to seek divine direction in that affaire.” On the report of this committee, April 6, the question arose, whether ‘the Town would proceed to hear any Gen" to preach upon proba- tion,” and ‘tit passed in the negative by a great majority.” Plainly the mind of the town was made up as to the call to be given, and a young Harvard graduate, who taught the school in 1746, had won their hearts. It is not in evidence that the proposed ‘‘Day of prayer” was held. The church waived its legal right to the first vote in the choice of a pastor, and, ‘‘at_a General Town Meeting,” April 28: ‘The church and town unanimously voted and made RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 181 choyce of M'. John Chandler, of Andover, to settle-in the work of the ministry amongst us, with the Rev’. Mr. Samuel Ruggles, our aged Pastor.” They promise him, ‘cin a Reasonable time,” £600, old tenor, as a settlement, and a salary of £200 while Mr. Ruggles was able to carry on a part of the work, and to add £100 more after Mr. Ruggles’ death. The answer of Mr. Chandler was delayed for farther negotiations. He asked that the settlement be paid in two years, and, if he outlived Mr. Ruggles, that the ministry land, which was west of Concord River, might be sold, and ‘‘laid out either for mowing or pasturing within half a mile of the meeting house,” he to have the improvement of it; during his ministry, in either location. The town consented. But the uncertain value of the currency still embarrassed them. To meet the difficulty the town voted that the salary should be at a standard of twelve shillings a bushel for Indian corn and sixteen shillings for rye. Mr. Chandler proposed instead, that the standard be between ten and twelve shillings for corn and thirteen and fifteen for rye, and to this the town assented. They also offered him £20 a year for ‘‘fewel for his fire,” but, ‘‘it appearing that it was more accommodating to Mr. Chandler to have wood in the stead of it,” they promised him twenty cords of wood annually. The salary was payable semi-annually. When these engagements were embodied in a formal covenant, the way was prepared for Mr. Chandler’s ordination, which occurred, 1747, October 21. ‘* Eight churches came together to carry on the solemnity. The Rev‘. Mr. Rogers, of Littleton, began with prayer ; the Rev’ Mr James Chandler, of Rowley, [brother of the candidate, ] preached, from John, iii:11; the Rev’ Mr. Phillips, of Andover, gave the charge and also added an exhortation to the people, wherein he pressed upon ’em the particular duties of a people towards their minister; and the Rev’. Mr. Bowes, of Bedford, gave the Right hand of fellowship. No objections were laid in against their pro- ceeding in the ordination by any person whatsoever.” An ordination was a great event in those days. In preparation for this the town appointed a committee to ‘‘make suitable and descent provition, at the Town’s cost, for Mr. Chandler’s ordination, at one or two places, for all the ministers and messengers, and Mr. Chandler’s Relations, and for steudants of harvard Colledg, according to their best prudance.” They also reserved, the front seats for members of the council, and the front seats in the gallery for the church members. 182 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Mr. Ruggles’ work was nearly done, and his colleague and successor was installed none too soon. He died, 1749, March 21; and the town voted £150, old tenor, for the expenses of his funeral. A formal and solemn renewal of covenant was made soon after Mr. Chandler was ordzined. The articles of faith then used and recorded have been given above. Whether this was the first form of confession, or an earlier confession was then repeated, and, if so, whether with or without change, we are not told. The pastorate of Mr. Chandler began under bright auspices, and for eleven years was prosperous. He was a man of good ability, and the church was ‘united and happy in his ministry. But a cloud arose, and the end came soon and in trouble. It is due to the truth of history that the facts, condensed from many pages of the church record, be stated. Mr. Chandler’s wife died, 1757, June 28. It is charitable to suppose that grief for her loss and the absence of her good influence may have prepared the way for a measure of indulgence in “spiritual” consolations which were not from above. That he kept the means for such indulgence the contents of his cellar, as shown by his inventory, reveal, though it is doubtful if he had more than the best of his neighbors. He was married, 1759, January 18, to Elizabeth White, of Haverhill, a cousin of his first wife. Soon after the church record tellsus: ‘Feb. 18. The Sac’. omitted, by reason of some being dissatisfied at y° chearful behavior of y® pastor at y°® bringing of a second Wife into his house, when a large concourse of people assembled. The Pastor stayed the church after services and gave leave for the congregation to stop also; and represented his case to “em in what he then apprehended its just light, upon which they voted to pass over the offense, sit down satisfied, and that the Sac should be administered to ’em by the Pastor the next Lords Day.” This record, like the long account of following troubles, stands in the very neat handwriting of Mr. Chandler himself, who shows throughout a frankness and apparent honesty which wins respect and sympathy for his weakness. - The trouble, however, continued, and was too deep to be so easily disposed of; and, in August, articles of complaint were laid before a Council, with specifications of four cases in which the pastor’s weakness had been manifested. The Council met, September 18, consisting of the First and Second Churches in Cambridge and that in Chelmsford. They found three of the charges sustained; but, in view of a confession, to be read to the church and congregation, RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 183 they recommended its acceptance, and that ‘‘ whatever hath been grievous and offensive in y® Pastor” be overlooked. They proceed to a frank and faithful statement to Mr. Chandler, and appeal to him tenderly to free himself from reproach by a sober and godly life, and remind the church of the good character he has maintained among them ‘‘till of late,” and that ‘‘the sin which he has fallen into is what you have not * so much as suspected him of till y* last winter”; for which reason they urge the members of the church to pray and strive together for the recovery and usefulness among them of one who might be so good a pastor. But the evil could not be exorcised, and, 1760, June 5th, another Council convened and the church with them, when a show of hands so ‘‘discouraged the pastor as to tarrying,” that by advice of the Council he tendered his resignation and it was accepted. Two years later Mr. Chandler died here, at the early age of thirty-eight. This sad story does not stand alone. Concord had a similar experience. Nor need the occasional lapse in this way of a minister surprise us. When every cellar was stored with cider, and good Deacon Abbott would be as sure as any other to invite the minister to drink whenever he called, the wonder would be if here and there one did not stumble. But, while we give sympathy to the unfortu- nate young pastor, the bright morning of whose ministry. was so soon and sadly overcast, we may also with joy set up a waymark of progress, and deny that ‘tthe former days were better than these.” CHAPTER X. GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. Tuer limits of this volume permit but meagre use of the early Records; and beyond the selections on special topics, in other chapters, we can only glean items here and there. The following explains the origin of our first and admirable “Book of Grants”: “12,10, 1665. The Town did agree with Jonathan Danforth, to collect and transcribe all former grants and records of lands, granted to perticular persons by the Towne of Billerica, into another booke, so farre as perticular persons interested therein shall desire it; and they agree that the said Jonathan shall for his laboure have fourpence for every perticular grant or record that shall be thus transcribed by him.” In making this transcript he was authorized, conferring with the selectmen and proprietors concerned, to ‘‘ put an eshew to all difficult things,” or adjust questions and conflicts of lines and bounds. When the work was done, ‘‘27, 9", 1666, The Townsmen, with much pains and care having examined the same, comparing them with the originall copies, The Towne, by this deliberate act of theirs, allow, approue, owne, confirme, & establish y° same, to stand and remaine as legall and ethentic. And, by this act of theirs, do disallow, disowne, and make a nullity of whatever record or grant has been recorded in y® old towne booke, or in any other scroule or paper, so farre (and no farther) as they are. in any wise repugnant and contrary to what is recorded in y° new towne booke.” The Restoration of Charles IT, in 1660, in England, displacing the Commonwealth, gave much anxiety to the Puritan Commonwealth here, and its enemies used the opportunity, striving to produce embarrassment and trouble. It was represented that the people were dissatisfied; and, to repel this charge, many of the towns presented addresses to the General Court. The following is that of Billerica : — GLEANINGS FR9M THE RECORDS. 185 “To the Honard Generall Court, held at Bostun, October 19, 1664:) ‘The Humble Representation of the Inhabitants, both ffreemen and others, of the Town of Billerica, Humbly Sheweth: ‘That whereas we have vnderstood that there have bin complaints made vnto our Soveraigne Lord the king concerning our dissatisfaction in this’ collony with the present Government, we whose Names are subscribed, the Inhabitants of the Towne above mentioned, being not a little Sensible what occation of Discouragement would be laid upon you, and what reproach and blame would Justly fall vpon vs, if such complaints should be true, have thought it our duty (both for the vindicating of our owne Innocency and for the promoting of anything, in an orderly way, which may tend to the _incouraging of your hearts and strengthening of your hands, in the discharge of your great trust) to testify vnanimously that we doe Rest Satisfied in the present Government, and that we have cause to bless God for our past and present pretious and peaceable enjoyments, desireing that God would make you farther Instrumental for the contiguing of our mercjes and priveleges. both civil and ecclisiasticall, to his honour and the good of vs and our posterity. And we doe reingage ourselves and promise (by the help of God) to be faithful, obedient, and servicable (to our vtmost power) to the present Authority (so long and orderly established by patent amongst vs) in all things, according to God, as by duty, equity, or oath wee are bound therevnto; thus hoping that this our Aplycation vnto your selves shall be accepted as a testimony of our vnfeigned fidelity and sincere Affection to y" selves and to the good of this comon wealth, wee comit you to hin who is Able to direct you in all the weighty matters you have in hand and remaine y's in all humble observance. . ** John Parker. Wilm Chamberlain. Nathanell Hill. William Tay. Ralph Hill. Wille Haille. — George ffarley. Simon Crosbee. James Patterson. Thomas ffoster. John Durant. Benjamin Parker. James Kider. John Marshall. John Rogers, jun'. Jonath: Danforth. Joseph Thompson. Roger Toothackar. John Sheldon. Samuell Chamynes. Samuell Keup. William Hamlet. Thomas Willis. John Trull. John Rogers. ‘Thomas Paton. John Poulter. iohn brackie. Joseph ffrench. Jonathan Hill. Henery Jeiffs. , Steven Willis. Samuell Trull.” Peter Bracket. Simon Bird. If these signatures were autographs this paper would have added interest, but nearly all are in the handwriting of Parker or Danforth. Those of Ralph Hill and the Brackets are probably exceptions, and possibly one or two others. The town guarded carefully the disposition of ‘‘rights,” held by individuals, in the common land. Its consent was necessary, by 1 MSS. in possession of G. M. Elliott, of Lowell. 186 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. agreement December, 1666, to any sale or gift to a person not an inhabitant, or even to a resident, except that a person holding more than a ten-acre right ‘might so transfer a five-acre right or less. And parents could give rights to their children if the town on request. declined to do so. Timber cut on tlie ‘‘commons” was after a short time to be free to any person, ‘‘in case such timber be not hewen, or riven, or fier wood cut fit for carting”; and, in 1666, all were forbidden ‘‘to cut any green trees upon y* comans for fier wood for the space of two years,” upon penalty of two shillings per tree, large or small. ‘¢24, 4", 67. The selectmen, meeting at shawshin house, did there receive of the towne stock which was in sarg™ Parker's hand” : 68 lbs. of powder, at £6, 16s., bullets and lead, 58 lbs., and match, 50 lbs. This was ten days after Mr. Parker’s death, and the place was of course at his residence, and this record proves, in comparison with early usage (see ante p. 7), that more than one place was known as Shawshin House. “26, 6", 69. The town did order & impower the selectmen in - being to procure a fat beast (with some of the townes land) and send it to Mr. Davie as from the towne, by way of thankfulness for his good service for the towne.” The gentleman thus rewarded was Mr. Humphrey Davy, of Boston, who had represented the town in the General Court, 1666-69. Two months later: ‘By vertue of y® former order, The selectmen bought a fatt beast of John Dunkin & agreed with him to give him land for it.” He was to drive the animal to Boston and present it to Mr. Davy, and was to receive twenty acres, if he had choice of location, or twenty-five acres, if the selectmen laid it, ‘‘as they Judge may be most advantage for y° town.” The result is given in the grant to Dunkin elsewhere. The following gives an idea of the early life here: ‘11, 9, 70. Thomas Richardson, being convicted of taking two loads of cedar from our swamps and transporting y* same out of town contrary to our towne orders,” is fined thirty shillings, which Thomas Foster paid for him, he agreeing to build twenty-two poles of ‘four-raile fence” for Foster. Benjamin Parker and Samuel Manning incurred similar fines, as did John Tidd and Robert Eames, of Woburn. The latter promised to pay his fine ‘tin shoes ” James foules at Woburn,” and the former in ‘‘cooper’s ware.’ Plainly currency was scarce in those days, and barter in some form the condition of most payments. March 27, 1671, ‘‘Mr. Whiting is granted liberty GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. 187 to take in a peece of coon land by Thomas Dutton’s fence, by y® swamp side, to make a garden of for several yeers, but not for propriety.” In 1670 one share of the minister’s rate of John Stearns, who had died, was laid upon Thomas Dutton, and we may infer that Mr. Dutton had purchased Mr. Stearns’ land. The question of the basis of rates was now seriously agitating the town. ‘he early method (see p. 55) was to lay assessments upon the ‘‘rights” or fractional parts thereof. But progress and changes, as some prospered and others did not, would make this basis very unequal. The subject was debated in 1668, but a change required substantial unanimity, to which some were not ready to consent. In 1671 the town voted, that all public charges for the future should be borne by persons and estates, and divisions of land be made, one-half in the same way, the other half by ‘‘rights,” as ‘formerly. But the agitation was not ended, and, ‘‘4, 10, 72. It was agreed to desire the help of Lieut. Hinchman, Sargent James Parker, & Mr. Jn°. Smedley, to give us their advice in these our difficulties.” This committee came as requested December 19, and the next day the town was called together, and every person present, thirty-five in all, signed an- ‘‘order” for the future. They recite the agitation and great difficulty’ which lay ‘‘in either peaceably maintaining our way of raising our publick charges, agreed upon in our first foundation order; or getting in to another way with such a vnanimous consent as might tend to righteousness and peace”; and refer to meetings held, and propositions of a ‘‘ major part” to which some would not assent. The ‘‘order” proceeds: ‘‘That whereas, acording to our first agreement in giving out our accommodations, all publick charges was laid vpon euery alotment acording to the proportion of their grants, whither a ten, eight, six, five, or three acre lots, and that whither persons were resident in the town or not. * Now, for y® easing some persons amongst us and proprietors with us (tho not inhabitants at p'sent), who complain of their burthen in y° former way, The Town do agree that for the space of three years next ensuing, from y° first of May last past, we will lay two third parts of our publick charges in the town, both civill & ecclisiastical, vpon persons & estates in the town acording to the valluation of y* country rate, and the other third part vpon y* alotments or first grants, acording to y° first foundation order, whither persons be 2 Grants, I, 171. 188 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. resident or not; and that after these three years be expired, the major part of the inhabitants, agreeing, may alter this way, which being orderly done and entered in their town book, this agreement shall be nullified; otherwise the town shall continue in this way.” The names of Hamlet and Kemp are not signed to this order. In November, 1685, the town agreed, ‘‘that from this day forward all priviledges shall cease to pay Towne charges.” The Cambridge ‘‘rights” to land in Billerica were not. yet all purchased, and money received by the town was cccasionally appro- priated for this purpose. In 1672 a rate for the same object was levied equal to half the minister’s rate. For the ‘‘ encouragement” of those who paid this tax leave was given to take cedar for a thousand shingles for each ten. shillings paid, while those who refused were to be ‘‘abated” so much in the next division of land. As a farther measure of relief from the burden of Cambridge claims the selectmen were ordered, ‘¢29, 10", 1673,” in case they have any encouragement, ‘‘ to petition y* generall Court for a further grant of lands, to help us cleare those entanglements.” ‘This they did in May, 1674, asking for one thousand acres in the wilderness, but receiving a negative. The petition was repeated the next year and encouragement given, as they had liberty ‘‘to find out a parcel of waste land and present to the next session of y* Courte, who will be ready to accommodate them so farr as may be done.” But the disturbances of ‘‘ Phillips War” probably delayed the inatter, and it was not until 1681, October, that Billerica appears again at Court, describing ‘‘two parcels, one on the Souhegan and another next Nathaniel Walker’s farm, north-west of Groaten,” as suiting their needs. The magistrates ‘‘ consent,” but ‘the deputies consent not,” and the town failed to obtain the aid it sought.” Forty years later, 1716, November 12, the tewn voted, ‘that ‘ta petition be preferred to the General Court for the land that was asked for in the year 1676”; but the Court was still deaf to their appeal. A record is found, ‘‘27, 11, 72,” like many of similar tenor afterwards: ‘‘Simon Crosbee is chosen to keep a house of public entertainment.” The price of corn was fixed, in 1672, thus: ‘‘the towne do order, that y* prise of corne for y’ rates to be paid at this year (the court not having set y° same) shall be paid at: indian corne three shillings p bushell, and other graine at y® prise y*® Court set it at last year; only in case that afterward it shall appear that indian corne is not worth four pence p bushell more than it was GLHANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. 189 y° last year, in y® market in generall, then every man shall be responsible to their severall rates four pence p bush: and have it added to each man his just proportion y° next year.” The brothers Champney had returned, after a few years’ residence here, to Cambridge, and serious differences had arisen with them about taxes, the arrears amounting to £8. These were adjusted in 1673, the town accepting an offer from Daniel Champney, who ‘‘ did tender to resigne up all future claims of priviledg in reference to what was granted to his father by our towne upon y* resignation of his lot of three hundred and fifty acres, sealed in our great deed, and to give y* towne a full title to that fifty acre lot that was by Cambridg granted to Thomas Bridge, and to pay y* towne in hand twenty shillings by Simon Crosbee & so quitt scores.” The ‘‘swineyards” were important officers in the early life of the town, and in 1674 a full page of record is devoted to rules by which they were to be governed. Yokes, to be sufficient, must be ‘in length perpendicular, three inches below the bottom sole and six inches above the cratch or upper sole, and three inches wide outside on each side of y® crosse peices.” And every swine was to be ‘ringed in the Nose, either with one sufficient ring in y* middle of y® nose or else with two rings within half an inch one of y* other.” The penalty for neglect was to be sixpence each, one-half of whiclt the officer had for his trouble, and if he could not find the owner the animal was to be impounded and the officer had the whole fine. Items concerning the ‘‘diet” and care of ‘‘old Stephen Fisher” recur often from 1668 to 1682; and aid was occasionally given to others. ‘17, 9", 76. John Durrant’s family being in an afflicted condition, it is agreed that they shall have some relief from the town, & do desire & order Samuel Manning to see to their necessityes & relieve their extremities, so farr as he can obtain anything suitable of y° neighbours,” and those contributing were to receive an allowance in the next town rate. The first record of tithing-men appears :— ‘8, 8m, 77. Acording to y°? order pf y* generall Court, The Towne was divided in severall parts and tithing men appointed acording to law. ‘Joseph Walker tithing man & vnder his care are Michael Bacon Serj. foster Thomas Richardson Thomas Osban Joseph foster Thomas Ross Timoth: Brooks Obedia perry and their families. Joseph french Widdow kitteridge 190 fistoRY OF BILLERICA. “George ffarley tithing man & vnder his care Job. laine Jonathn Hill Will™ Chamberline Nath. Hill Samuel farley And their families. Serj Hill Lt. W™ ffrench ‘*Serj Tompson tithing man & vnder his care Corp!. marshall Jacob Hamlet Nathaniel Tay Jacob french Corporall french Will™ Hamlet Peter Bracket James ffrost & their families. Simon Crosbee ‘“‘Richard Hassell tithing man & vnder his inspection y® Rever™. Mr. Whiting Jobn Baldwin goldin more Thomas pattin Daniel Shed Sent John Shed John Rogers Sent Samuel ffrost and their familyes. Jonathn Danforth widdow kidder ‘Samuel Manning tithing man & vnder his inspection James paterson Samuel Trull John Durrant John Sanders - Daniel Shed Junt John Dunkin Thomas wilkinson John Trull John Rogers Jun™ John Bracket ‘Henery Jeiffs Thomas Dutton Sen™ and their families.” These groups of families are by neighborhood ; the first southeast of the village, the second southwest, the third east of and partly in the centre, the fourth in the centre, and the last north. The omission of Carrier, Daniel, Farmer; and Toothaker is worthy of note. Mr. Daniel had probably returned to England, and Mr. Farmer was in Woburn. Another list is given in 1679 in which Simon Crosby takes the place of Joseph Tompson and John Sheldon that of Richard Hassell, as tithing-men, and the names appear of James Butler, Edward Farmer, Peter Fassitt, George Grimes, Daniel Mackginnis, David Meades, John Stearns, Roger Toothaker, and John Whitticur. In 1682 the last list is given. James Frost and Jacob French take the place of the two last-named tithing-men; and new names are those of Thomas Carrier, Benjamin Muzzy, and John Wilson. Tithing-men are mentioned occasionally, but their appointment and lists of families are not recorded. An important early custom was the annual summons to brush- cutting by the highways. In 1677 the record mentions the summons by squadrons, the work being in charge of Sergeant Hill, Sergeant Foster, Corporal French, Sergeant Tompson, Jonathan Danforth, and Samuel Manning. Some names appear in this, but not in the tithing-men’s list of same date, as Thomas Carrier and ‘“‘his man John Levistone,” Edmund Chamberline, Simon Black, Daniel Bly, 191 Isaac and Samuel Stearns. The east squadron was to work one day at home and ‘‘ y® 2"4 day vp at towne.” And the condition of things ‘‘at towne” is more vividly suggested by the fact that Danforth’s men were to do their work ‘‘between his house and y° meeting GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. house.” , The ‘‘ oath of fidelity” was administered as follows :— ‘1666, April 23. Peter Bracket. John Bracket. Thomas Patten. Roger Toothaker. Daniel Shed, Jun". Aaron Jaquish. before Capt Gookin Caleb Farley. John Rogers, Jun. John Dunkin. Hopestill Foster. Joseph Foster. John Chamberlin. 4,12", 77. before their cheife officer Jonathn Danforth Jun" James Kidder John Kidder Ephraim Kidder John Jeiffs \ Thomas Wilkinson Thomas Dutton John Dutton Thomas Carrier John Levistone “8.7m, 1681. Mr Samuel Whiting Jun Simon Crosbee Junt John Whittaker Jun" “18, 3™, 1685.. before Jonath Danforth Sent Mr. Oliver Whiting George Browne John Baldwin Thomas ffrost Thomas Crosbee Joseph Ellice Samuel Stearns Isaac Stearns Thomas Rogers Nathaniel Rogers Daniel Rogers John Shed Zachary Shed Samuel Shed Samuel Farley John Lane Samuel Manning Jun John Hinds Thomas Care John Manning Caleb Farley Jun™ Hugh Didson Nathaniel Patten Nathan Shed Henery Pellington. Jonathn Hill. Peter Scott. John Smith. Samuel Kemp. John Poulter. Edward Tuder Joséph Walker John Durrant Isaac Fox Timothy Brooks Jun™ Nathaniel Tay John Sanders Jacob Hamlet Isaac Chamberline William Chamberline, jr Edmond Chamberline Enoch Kidder Abraham Chamberline Nathaniel Stearns Steven Kidder James Kittredge Jacob French Junt Thomas Ross Peter Frederick Subloon Samuel Danforth” The following explains itself : — “19, 1, 167% we received an order from yé selectmen of Cambridg to run y® bounds between us, on y¢ 29 day instaht. ‘The selectmen sent their order back again, and underwrit the same as followeth: “*Gent™, if this your order had come to our hand one day sooner, our towne might have had y® cognizance of it & have impowered us to have acted in it. All that we can say at present is this: That this time six years your selves sent to us to come down to you, to come to an agreement about 192 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. it. We attended your order, and made two Journeys to you about it. We offered to chuse a committee of indifferent men to determine it (which was acording to our artickles of agreement), but you refused to act, for want of power from your towne. Wee have heard nothing from you since that time, tho we have expected it; for us to send to meet at y® line acording to your order is but loss of time, vntill we come to an agreement what to do and where to run. Weare yet ready to wait upon you for an agreement about it, as soon as you please; in y® mean time we remain your Humble serv", JONATHAN DANFORTH, JOSEPH ‘TOMPSON, SAMUEL MANNING, “Dated 20, 1™, 77-78. Selectm. of Billerica. ‘**Pray let us know your mind by a line or two from your selves.’” The place which Harvard College had in the hearts and plans of the Colony is shown in a record, ‘‘20, 10", 1678. Simon Crosbee was appointed to collect w' was yet behind to y* colledg contribution & to transmit it to y° colledg ouer seers, acording to y° order of y° gen'. Court.” A letter,® dated ‘‘14, 8, 1678,” illustrates the subject more fully :— “Mr. laine: This day Mr. Whiting and the Selectmen made choice of yourself to returne an answ' to y* Honré generall Court, vpon ye 18» day of this instant, (which is acording to their order,) in reference to our contribution to y® colledge; and our Answer which we desire your self to returne is this: Wee have bin very diligent to gather what is at present to be had, and sent it into Mr. Manning, of Cambridg, acording to y® court order; and there yet remaines wbout six pound, 8 shill, 10 p; y® most of it we hope we shall get as soon as corne is marchantable; we have faire promises for it; but some psons that did contribute with us are gone to England and left no order for y® payment of it, therefore we question whither we shall ever get it; for those that yet are in this country (tho removed out of our towne), we shall do our utmost indeauor to gather y® same spedily as maybee; not further to add but of Humble service psented to ye Hon Court, we take leave, earnestly praying for y* Lord’s presence & blessing to bee with you in all yor weighty affairs. ‘In y® name and by yé order of y* Reverend [Mr.] Samuel Whiting & y® rest of y° selectinen. ‘JONATHAN DANFORTH.” It cost these plain farmers of Billerica something in their poverty to raise such a sum for the College. But they understood its impor- tance to them and their children, and cheerfully taxed themselves to do their part. * Loaned by George M. Elliott, of Lowell. GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. 193 In 1679 the government called upon the towns for a general statement of their condition. Billerica answered :— ‘‘In observance of a warrant from y® Hon™ Deputy Goun’, bearing date the 30, 10™, 1679, our answer is as followeth: ** As toa list of the number of males & rateable estate in our towne, wee have sent the list that was taken the last August, and returned from the commissioners meeting. As to the number of families, there is about fiuety that are able to bare vp publick charges; there is more of the aged, that are Helpless, ye widdows & poor persons, that want releife, ten in number, which is all. ‘*As to y® annual alowance to our reverend paster, our agreement is seventy pounds p anni, in Country pay. as for schools, we have no gramer schooles; ensigne Tompson is appointed to teach those to write & read that will come to him; also severall School Dames. As for tithing men, we haue fiue in number; their names are [as above], and all sworne to the faithful discharge of theire seruice acording to law. As for young psons and inmates, we know of none amongst us but are orderly. And Ensign Joseph Tompson is chosen to attend the Honourd Court, acording to said warrant.” The tax-list‘ above mentioned éxhibits the following names, polls, and amount of tax:— No. polls. _ Tax. No. polls. Tax. Serj Hill £07 6 Dan Mackginnis 1 £03 2 Nath Hill + _ 3.0 Jam Paterson — 3.0 Jonath Hill —_ 2 6 Tho Pattin 1 5.0 , Hen Jeiffs 2 6 0 Jno Rogers Sent 1 5 0 Michael Bacon 1 6 6 Jno Rogers Jun 1 46 Tim Brooks _ 4 6 Tho Rogers 1) 20 James Butler 1 4 0 Tho Ross 1 5 0 Pet Bracket 1 3.0 Tho Richardson 1 5.0 John Bracket 1 3.0 Corp! Shed 2 6 0 Simon Crosbee _— 5 6 Dan Shed Jun" 1 40 W™ Chamberlain Sen 1 4 0 John Shed 1 2 0 J»° Chamberlain 1 1 8 Zack Shed 1 1 9 W™ Chamberlain jun 1 1 8 John Sanders 1 3.0 Tho: Carrier 2 9 0 John Shildon 1 6 6 Mr. Daniel — 0 10 Ens Tompson 1 4 0 Jonath Danforth 2 9 10 Nath ‘lay 1 +0 Corp! ffrench —_ 3.0 Sam Trull 1 80 Jacob ffrench 1 54 James ffrost 1 3.0 Patrick ffacit 1 3.6. Serj ffoster 1 5.0 Sam ffrost 1 + 6 Georg ffarley 1 + 6 James Kidder 2 7 4 Sam ffarley _ 3.0 Job Laine 2 13 0 Joseph Walker 2 5 0 Serjt Marshall — 4 0 Tho Wilkinson 1 2 0 Sam! Mafing 1 40 Sum total £106 7 4 New England Historical and Genealogical Register. Vol. V, p. 173. 194 ~ HISTORY OF BILLERICA. One other early list has hy good chance been preserved, and for comparison here follows :—°® ** Billerica. ‘list of ye Number of Males and Rateable estate, taken by Lieft Tomp- son, Commesnr. & their Selectmen, ye 24 of August, 1688. s 4 Henry Aldin, 1 pson & estate 01 11 Michael Bacon, 3 pson & est 12 04 john Baldwin, 2 pson & est 07 07 jonath Baldwin, 1 pson & est 02 00 Peter Bracket, 1 pson & est 04 08 Simon Crosbe, 2 pson & est 11 09 Simon Crosbe Jun, 1 pson 01 08 Tho Crosbe, 1 pson 01 08 Will™ Chamberlin, 1 pson 01 08 Edmund Chamberlin, 1 pson & cow 01 11 Capt Danforth, 3 pson & est 12 01 jonath Danforth, Jun,1 p &est 04 07 john Dunkin his estate 03 01 Tho Dutton, Sen, 1p &est 03 01 Tho Dutton, Jun, his estate 064 06 john Dutton, 2 pson & estate 04 00 Joseph Ellice, 1 pson & est 03 06 john french his estate 02 10 jacob french, 3 pson & estate 12 00 Patrick Fassit, 2 pson & est 08 05 Stephe Farr, 1 pson & estate Sam! frost, 2 pson & estate 07 03 james. frost, 3 pson & estate 09 02 joseph foster, 1 pson & estate 06 03 Georg farlee, 1 pson & estate 06 04 Sam! farlee his estate 02 05 .Edw? farmar, 2 pson & estate 08 11 Left Hill, 3 pson & estate 12 04 Nath Hill, 4 pson & estate 13 00 | Jonath Hill, 3 pson & estate 10 02 Georg Grimes, 1 pson & est 04 05 Abra Gorton, 1 pson & estate 03 01 Heny jeffeson, 2 psons & est 06 06 james Kidder, 1 pson & estate 03 05 Eaph Kidder, 1 pson & estate 02 07 Steph Kidder, 1 pson & estate 02 00 Enoch Kidder, 1 pson & est 02 07 * ‘Tho Pattin, 4 pson & estate 03 02 - s da john Kitterage, 1 pson & est 03 06 john Lane, 1 pson & estate 13 02 john Levistone, 1 pson & est 04 00 Sam! Manning, Sen, 2p & est 07 10 Sam! Manning, Jun, 1 p & est 02 08 john Marshall, 2 pson & est 09 O1 james pattison, 2 pson & est 07 03 Benj Parker, 1 pson & estate 03 02 13 09 Nath Page, 2 pson 08 09 Widdow Rogers, 1 pson & est 03 10 john Rogers, 2 pson & estate: 08 00 Dani Rogers, 1 pson & estate 02 02 Nath Rogers, 1 pson & estate 03 06 Tho Richison, 1 pson & estate 07 06 Daniel Shead, 1 pson & estate 05 01 john Shead, 1 pson & estate 03 09 Zach Shead, 1 pson & éstate 3 02 Sam! Shead, 1 pson & estate 02 02 john Sandern, 1 pson & estate 04 07 john Sheldin 2 pson & estate 08 04 Isack Starns, 1 pson & estate 04 04 Tho Starns, 1 pson & estate 02 11 Leift Tompson, 3 pson & est 09 05 Nath! Tay, 1 pson & estate 03 06 john Trull, 2 pson & estate 06 05 Sam! Trull, 1 pson & estate 03 03 joseph- Walker, 1 pson & est 05 09 john Wilson, 1 pson & estate 07 01 james Kitterage, 1 pson & est 02 03 Roburt Sharp, 1 pson & estate 03 01 Obe johnson, 1 pson & estate 02 03 jobn More, 1 pson 01 08 Georg Smith, 1 pson & cow 01 11 Hugh Ditson, 1 pson 01 08 John Parker, 1 p & one cow 01 11 Sum totall £19 11 05 i 5 New England Historical and Genealogical Register. Vol. XXXI, p. 303. GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. 195 These lists afford interesting information and comparisons. The first includes forty-seven names and forty-five polls; the later, seventy-three names and one hundred and three polls, marking the comparatively rapid progress of nine years. In 1679 it surprises us to find that, next to Mr. Lane and Captain Danforth, Thomas Carrier has the highest list. At that time Mr. Lane is the only person who pays more than half-a-pound; in 1688 Mr. Patten is highest, and there are eight who pay more than half-a-pound. The absence from the list, in 1679, of the names of Baldwin, Kittredge, and Stearns is observable, while that of 1688 adds, among others, Ditson, Dunkin, Dutton, Farmer, Grimes, Page, and Wilson. In May, 1680, the selectmen order the constable to ‘‘forbare sitting y* watch at y* present, and vntill there appeared more danger.” In November, 1680, Samuel Manning was granted six acres of swamp, on condition of his building ‘‘a good and sufficient Damm or Damms, to drowne that swamp commonly called the mill swamp.” He was to raise the water ‘‘one foot higher than at present,” and ‘‘to keep the said swamp vnder water two years together from the time of the first finishing of the same, and to maintain the wholl worke of damms, slewces, and water courses, for the space of seven years from y° first finishing, as aforesaid; and to keep the same vnder water all the winter seasons,” and to leave .all in good repair at the end. This Mill Swamp was on Content Brook toward the outlet of Long Pond. Another side of the life of those days is seen in the record, ‘16, 1, 1681,” when James Speen, Indian, received £8 for four wolves’ heads, brought to Constable Sheldon. The following curious record occurs : ‘*8,11™, 82. The select- men at the same time did order, that whereas Edmond Chamberlain, by order of y* County Court, * was ordered to submitt himselfe to y® gouerment of y® select of this towne, they do order him, y* said Edmond Chamberlain, to live with his master, Joseph Walker, for y* space of six moneths next ensuing, after the manner of a Journeyman, to attend family orders and gouerment therein acording to law. Also, not to make any bargain with any man without his master’s approbation; and at the end of six moneths, as aforesaid, to declare to the selectmen where he intends to reside and what courses of life he intends to lead, and his said master engageth to have a speciall inspection unto his s‘ seruant in y* interim, and to 196 HISTORY OF. BILLERICA. inform y* selectmen in case he cannot keep him to good order and diligence.” We may hope that Chamberlain profited by such care. In 1684 2 measurement of Captain Gookin’s farm proved that it contained one hundred and fifty acres more than the grant, which was five hundred acres. It was then owned by Robert Thompson, Esq., and the town sold him the excess on payment in his behalf, by William Stoughton, Esq., of £23 in silver. ‘18, 10", 1684. Lt. Tompson laid out in money at Boston eighteen shillings. 6°, for Roger Toothakar’s family, for which hee bought 4 pair of shoes, one pound whalebone, 1 yard farrindine for caps, and one blue Apron.” In 1686, ‘‘Simon Crosbee, who formerly hath kept a house of publick entertainment, doth now refuse to hold it any longer, & Nathaniel Tay being desirous to take it up is alowed, by authority” of the selectmen, to do so. But Mr. Crosby did not long refuse to entertain the public, and in 1688 the selectmen at their meetings had ‘* victuals and Drink” of him. His license as innkeeper jis preserved at Cambridge, and he was commonly the early landlord of the town. The charges for which he received pay are now amusing and remind us of Falstaff’s ‘‘intolerable deal of sack,” including such items as ‘‘eydar 14°, liquour 2°”; ‘four suppers 16, drink 8°”; ‘2 potts of cydar”; ‘‘a pot of rosted cyder”; ‘‘half a pint of rhum,” and many like these. In January, 1692-3, a meeting was held with the County Commissioners, Major Thomas Henchman and Mr. Mather Johnson, for the inspection of the list. One day they had ‘eight difiers, besides our drink, 00-04-00.” Another day: ‘‘we had drink before dinner, a pynt of rum, 00-01; a pot of cyder and jill of Rhum, 00-00-05, and six pots of cider, 00-01-00; and a dinner for eight persons, 8 pence per man, 00-05-04; and eight pots of cider, 00-01-02.” The list made up at this meeting included 111 oxen, valued at £2 per ox; 220 cows, valued £1, 10s., per cow; 77 horses, at 40s. per horse, and 280 sheep, at £4 per score. The number of polls, besides the superannuated, was 92, assessed 10s. each; and ‘‘cituations & stock” were assessed ‘+21, 05, 02.” This was the period of the witchcraft troubles and trials, to which, however, the Billerica Records make no allusion. The aid given to Toothaker’s family betrays his neglect of them while engaged in the Salem fooleries; and the deaths of Mrs. Rebecca Chamberline and John Durrent, ‘‘in y* prison at Cambridge,” in September and October, 1692, suggest the inference of Mr. Farmer, that the charge on which they were imprisoned was probably witch- GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. 197 craft. A Billerica woman, whose later residence had been Andover, Mrs. Martha Carrier, became one of the most notable of the sufferers, being executed at the same time with the Rev. George Burroughs. Her bearing at the trial is distinguished by courage and good sense, and must challenge the admiration of those who examine the dreary literature of this terrible delusion. Her own child of eight testified, that her: mother made her ‘‘touch the book; it was in Andrew Fuller’s pasture, Elizabeth Johnson was there * her Aunt Toothaker and cousin, when she was baptized”; and Roger Toothaker bore -swift witness in language too filthy for quotation.? That good men could trust such testimony, and rest such action upon it, is an unexplained marvel of human credulity. The following official document belongs to this period :—’ “To y® Constable of Billerica, Greeting : **Wee command you to warn & give notice unto Capt., Danforth, John Rogers, [and others], that they and every one of them be and personally appear at y® Court of Oyer & Terminer, to be held by adjournment at Salem, on Tuesday next, at ‘Ten of y¢ Clock in ye morning, there to testify y® truth, to the best of their knowledge, on certain Indictments to be exhibited against Martha Carrier, of Andover. And hereof they nor you are to fail at your utmost peril, making return hereof vnder your hand. Dated in Salem, July 30, 1692, & in y® fourth year of our Reign. “STEPHEN SEWALL, Clk.” James Paterson was the constable, and endorses this return: ‘‘ According to this warrant I have showed it to Capt. Danforth, and his answer is, that he can say nothing in y* case that is worth mentioning. I have warned John Rogers & he saith he will attend, if his garrison may [be] guarded in his absence. Billerica, August 1*, 92.” Mr. Rogers had been near neighbor to Mrs. Carrier, who lived on the road to Wamesit, at North Billerica, but he does not seem to have been anxious to testify against her, and did not; and it is a pleasure to find that, unlike so many others, Mr. Danforth could ‘‘say nothing” in this case. This sad record is revived in 1710, when Mr. Carrier appealed to the authorities for payment of expenses he had incurred. At the demand of the sheriff’ he paid fifty shillings, and prison fees to the keeper, for his wife and four children, £4, 16s. His ‘‘ humble request is that the Attainder may ®§ See Upham’s Salem Witchcraft, Vol. II, pp. 145 and 208; and mss. Deposition in the Archives at Salem. 7 See Bowditch Papers, of The Massachusetts Historical Society, No. 18. 8 Massachusetts Archives. Vol. CKXXYV. 198 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. be taken oft,” and that he may be paid the loss sustained, £7, 6s. He adds: ‘I found my wife and children provisions during their imprisonment.” In February, 1692-3, the question arose of ‘‘dismissing one theire deputies, whereas the Town had hither unto sent down two,” and the town did dismiss Joseph Tompson and continued Capt. Ralph Hill ‘‘in that service.” Records of the annual election of a deputy are not always found, and none appears for ten years after 1680. Perhaps a deputy once chosen was expected to hold the office until the election of his successor; or, as the towns then paid the charges of their representatives, they may have omitted to send occasionally and saved the expense. In 1693 the town, to prevent so much loss of time as: was generally spent without profit at- the town meeting, agreed that distinct notice be given of the hour of meeting, and ‘‘that the town clerk shall constantly attend at that time, and that any vote or grant passed by the inhabitants orderly within one hour after the dime set * shall be always accounted vallid, although there may want many of the inhabitants; and that no vote passed at any time after y° sun is set shall be * vallid; and the town clerk (in cloudy weather) shall delare when the sun is set.” ; The preservation of shade trees received attention, and a com- mittee was appointed, ‘15, 12, 93, to mark .with the letter T so many trees as they shall judge needful upon y* Country roads and town Comons * from the house of Joseph Walker to the house of Capt. Brackit, and from Capt. Hill’s to y° Brow of Rockie Hill, leading to Andover.” This included for several miles the two main highways, which crossed each other in the village. The instructions to the selectmen (see p. 61) were annually repeated, with slight variations. They were usually read in public, and sometimes recorded anew. But, after the reading in 1694, March 23, the clerk adds: ‘‘answered by the Town, that the law hath provided for what was contained in the instructions; our instructions laid aside for the year”; and they do not reappear. A committee, in 1694, April, was directed ‘*to lay out a suphi- cient highway from Mr. Michael’s farm through Mrs. Page’s land to Shawshin River; and over Shawshin River unto Lt. John Willson’s mill, and to Cambridge line; and from the same road to lay out a suphicient highway through Mrs. Page’s land unto the land of Patrick Fassit, unto the house of Patrick Fassit; and from thence GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. 199 to state the highway in the most convenient place from Patrick Fassitt’s house, leading up to Concord Road, and from there to Mr. Laine’s.” Mr. Fasset lived near the residence of Mrs. Lane, on the main street, a half-mile east of Bedford; but this description can hardly belong to the present Bedford Street, for if that had been laid out before 1708, it must have been mentioned in describing the grants then made to Hill and Fasset, which were separated by it not long after. Probably this record belongs to the ‘‘pine-hill road,” alluded to above (p. 95). May 6, 1694, the town appointed John Wilson, Sen., and Joseph Tompson ‘‘to search the Country Records to find both the grant & the returne of Mr. Winthrop’s farm, that lyeth on the mouth of Concord River”; and the selectmen, with "Captain Danforth, were directed ‘‘to prosecute the Town’s interest in wemessek land to efect, and the town doth engadge to stand by them in the same.” This record may explain one which follows soon after. The town ‘thad enformation that sum persons have eregularly marked out Land in our Towne comons, without our knowledge and appro- bation”; and Thomas Richardson, Edward Farmer, and Joseph Walker, Sen., were sent ‘‘to deface & extinguish & abolish all such marks, & to pluck up all such stakes or boundes of land so bounded or marked; in as much as in them lyeth to make all such markes and stakes to be a nulity.” ; The various expenses of the town from year to year are recorded. ‘From these we gather that the deputy to the General Court had three shillings per day ; that the widow Ruth Shead had sometimes £1 and sometimes twenty-five shillings for ‘sweeping the meeting house” ; that, in 1694, £12 was paid for ammunition; in 1696 seven shillings was paid for transporting two impotent persons *‘to oborn, by order” of Major Henchman; that the cost of the land controversy west of Concord River, in 1696, was about £8; and that, the clerk, Mr. Tompson, received £2, 5s., for keeping the records and making five town rates. A town meeting was held, 1695, December 3, at Mr. Farmer’s, and the town clerk adds, ‘‘Terible cold.” July 17th, ‘tour inhabitance (being warned before by a warrant, given to the constables) sware alegiance unto King William before’ Major tinge.” The primitive method of aiding the poor appears from a record, 14 January, 1696-7, which was ‘‘a day’ of humiliation,” and a con- tribution was taken, amounting to thirty-two shillings and eightpence, 7 200 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. for Thomas Stearns. In February, another ‘‘collection in public” was taken of fourteen shillings and sixpence; and three persons appearing before the selectmen, ‘‘it being a low time with them,” it was agreed ‘‘to divide that small matter equally between them,” and to give each a bushel of Indian corn. The arrears in minister’s rates were a constant source of trouble. In February, 1696—7, an obligation was presented for subscriptions by persons who would promise to pay their arrears before May 20; ‘‘otherwise the constable to make distraint forthwith upon such as shall refuse.” In November these prices were fixed fur payments of minister’s rates: corn at three shillings and fourpence, rye at four shillings and sixpence, and wheat at five shillings and eightpence per bushel; pork at fourpence per pound, if merchantable. Whoever paid in money might have an abatement of one-seventh. The next year the prices fixed were less. At this period Mr. Farmer’s house seems to have been the tavern and place where the selectmen met. In 1699, Samuel Hunt also is approved of by the selectmen to sell victuals and drink ‘‘ only three months in y® year,” April, May, and June; ‘and Jonathan Bacon received the same license, not limited to three months. Clocks and watches were few; and in 1697 Captain Danforth was paid for an hour-glass and for repairing the horse-block, six shillings and twopence. The town also voted, that ‘‘ every Tythingman bring his staff at our next annual choice of Town officers; otherwise to continue in that place if the Town do se meet.” 1703, May: ‘*Complaint being made of the want of a watch house,” a committee was appointed ‘‘to vew the old meeting house,” who reported that it might be made feasible and comfortable ‘*to answer the end of the same.” The report was approved. A careful account was taken of the stock of ammunition in the hands of Captain Danforth; and, in August, ‘‘there did appear so great danger of the inemy, and many of our inhabitants being in great want of Ammunition,” a distribution was made to Thomas Dutton, Samuel Rogers, John Dunken, Daniel Shead, Corp. John French, Samuel Hunt, Nathan Crosby, Samuel Fasset, Captain Tomson, Dr. Samuel Frost, and John Chamberlin. After this military use of the old meeting-house, it stood until 1708 and was disposed of. The following pecuniary record will not only be of interest for itself, but as an illustration of the method annually pursued. GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. 201 ‘At a meeting of the selectmen, Decem. 9, 1714, Mr. Ruggles his sallery Rate and the Town Rate was made. Mr. Ruggles his rate was made 81-13-08 the town Rate was made 40 - 16 - 10 ‘And unto Daniel Kittredge, Constable, was committed to collect of Mr. Ruggles his sallery Rate 41-04-04 and of the town Rate 20 - 12 - 02 ‘‘and you are ordered to pay out of the Town Rate as followeth: to Lt. Stearns as Deputy O4 - 05 - 00 to Daniel Chamberlain 02 - 05 - 00 to Joshua Abbot for Ringing y® bell 00 - 17 - 00 to John Farmer for the Bridge 00 - 15 - 01 to deacon Sheldon for the Bridge 00 - 08 - 00 more for him as assessor : 00 - 06 - 00 more to him for rufing Andouer line & labor about Sam Trull's funeral 00 - 04 - 06 to sargt Brown as assessor 00 - 08 - 00 for rufiing Wobourn & Andouer lines 00 ~ 05 - 00 for work at y® Bridg & for Sam! Trull 00 - 03 - 06 to Sargt Dutton, 1 day at the Bridge 00 - 02 - 06 to Ephraim Kidder for Wobourn line 00 - 02 - 06 to Sargt Danforth for Rufiing Chelmsford line 00 - 02 - 06 more to him for thre pine trees for the bridg 00 - 05 - 00 to George farley for two trees 00 - 04 - 00 to John Blanchard for taking the Inuoice 00 - 09 - 0+ [ Two obliterated items] 00 - 09 - 00 10-11-11 ‘‘and unto James Hosley, consta!, was committed to collect of Mr. Ruggles his sallery Rate 40-09-04 and of the town Rate 20 - 04 - 08 ‘‘and you are ordered to pay out of the town Rate.as followeth: to Lt. Stearns as deputy 05 - 00 - 00 more to him as assessor 00 - 08 - 00 for rufiing Chelmsford and Lexington lines 00 - 05 - 00 for answering a presentment and paying 28 at Concord 00 - 05 - 00 to Oliver Whiting as assessor 00 - 09 - 00 for writing the Warrants & orders to y® Constables 00 - 03 - 00 Writing in y® Town Book 00 - 05 - 00 more for y* 2 pair of gloues for Sam! Trull’s Burial & 2 shillings paid at Concord 00 - 04 - 00 to Mr. Kidder for selectmen’s expenses the last year 00 - 06 - 08 for: this year 01 - 01 - 00 to ens Shed for a coffin for 8. Trull 00 - 06 - 06 to Sam! Danforth for y* grave 00 - 03 - 00 to Lt. Hill for Lexington line 00 - 02 - 06 to Sam! Fitch for Concord line 00 - 02 - 06 to Josiah Fasset for s4 line 00 - 02 - 06 to Ephraim Manning at y® bridg 00-01 ? 202 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. to Oliver Whiting Jun’ at y* bridge 00-01 ? to John Baldwin 00-03 ? To Corp! Samuel Fasset 00 - 09 - 00 to Jonathan Danforth 00 - 08 - 00 to Timothy Farley 00 - 08 - 00 In 1721, the State, as a measure of relief for extensive financial embarrassments, established a Loan Fund, which was distributed proportionally to the various towns, and under the charge of trustees loaned to citizens. The share of Billerica was £396, and her’ trustees, appointed November 6th, were Ebenezer Farley, Joshua Abbott, and John Needham. They were ordered ‘‘to let out the said money to Interest at five per cent. for the use of the town, to be disposed of as the town shall order from year to year, until the time set in the act be expired, taking good Personal security for said money, no person to have above ten pounds nor under fiye; also, it was voted, that the said Trustees shall have twenty shillings apiece, given them out of the whole principal of said money, and a fifth part of the Interest of the said money for their services as trustees from year to year, for letting out and taking care of said money.” Persons borrowing from this fund gave mortgages to the Loan Commissioners, and many of these mortgage deeds are on record at the Middlesex Registry. The interest for the first year was appropriated towards the town charges. The loan was’ repaid to the State in five annual instalments, 1726-30. But the process was found so agreeable that it was repeated, and, in April, 1725, the town voted to ‘: Receive their proportion of the £60,000 Loan,” and chose Joshua Abbott, Benjamin Tompson, and Dea. William Patten, Trustees. The part of Billerica in this second loan was £496, 5s. It ran for ten years instead of five, the first payment of one-fifth part to the State being made in 1734. In 1733, the clerk, then Joshua Abbot, began to enter the tax- lists in the Records, and from that date these valuable lists are found regularly. The tax-payers were divided into two lists, the line of division being Long Street or the Woburn and Chelmsford Road; designated North and South Lists at first, but after 1735 as East and West. ‘In 1783 the Province tax was £54, 10s., 8d., the minister’s rate £143, 11s., 11d., and the town rate £104, 10s., making a total of over £300, old tenor. The list follows, recast alphabetically, giving only the minister’s rate and designating by the letters ‘‘N” and ‘‘S” the list. North or South, on which the name occurs. GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS, TAX-LIST, 1733. — MINISTER'S RATE. Abbott, Jeremiah, S. 0 Abbott, Dea. Joshua, S. 1 Artherton. Dr. Benj... 0 Baldwin, John, N. Baldwin, John, Junt., S. Baldwin, John, ers, N. Baldwin, Jonathan, Jun’., 9. Baldwin, Josiah, S. Baldwin. En‘. ‘Thomas, 8. 1 Baldwin, Thomas, Jun’., 8. Baldwin, William, N. Beard, Ebenezer, 8S. Beard. John, 8. Blanchard, John, S. 1 Bowers, Capt. Jonathan, S. 1 Brown, Ephraim. 8. Brown, Capt. George, S. Brown, John, N. Brown, Joseph, 8S. Brown, Josiah, 8. Brown, Samuel, S. Brown, William, S. Campble, Thomas, N. Cannada, John, N. Chamberlain, Abraham, N. Chamberlain, Clement, N. Chamberlain, Clement, J'., W. Chamberlain. William, N. Cornell, Peter, S&. Croshey, James, &. Crosbey, Sargt. Josiah, 8. Crosbey, Josiah, Jun'., 8. Crosbey, Nathan, 8. 1 Crosbey, Simon. Sen., 8. Crosbey, Ens. Simon, S. Crosbey, Simon, heirs, S. Crosbey, Thomas, N. Crosbey. William, S$. Danforth, Jacob, 8. Danforth, Lt. Jonathan, ™. Danforth, Nicholas, WN. Danforth, Mr. Samuel, NY. 1 Danforth, Samuel, Jun"., 8. Danforth, Saniuel, ‘ers. NV. Danforth, Thomas, N. Daves, Dea. Joseph, N. 1 Davidson, Robert, N. Davidson, William. N. Dean, Ebenezer, -V. Ditson, Hugh, 8. 1 Ditson, James, S. Ditson, Thomas, 8. Dows. Ebenezer, NV. Durant, Abraham, N. Durant, Benjamin, . Durant, Henry, N. Durant, John, WN. 6 8 6 12 11 7 14 9 17 12 Woac m WOABWNIHOONIBDS Pee aoe we nH Hoan ew ABNIPADWWKW — WA WOTS — 6 10 6 02 08 02 NR OONA _ — _ AASOBABNIWEAUIMANOHWNWODH SWE OOANINWOADDWOW Durant, John, Jun’., WV. Durant, Thomas, NV. Dutton, Srgt. John, WV. Dutton, Samuel, N. Dutton, Thomas, ™.. Farley, George’s heirs, S. Farley, James, N. Farley, Joseph, 8S. Farley, Samuel, . Farley, Timothy, 8. Farmer, Andrew, NV. Farmer, Edward, N. Farmer, John, N. Farmer, Oliver, N. Farmer, Richard, W. Farmer, ‘Thomas, NV. Farmer. Thomas, Jun., N. Foster, John, S. Foster, ‘Thomas, S. French, Ebenezer, N. French, Jacob, 8. French, Srgt. John, N. French, Nicholas, N. French, Sargt. William. S. French, William, Jun’., 8. Frost, Benjamin, S. Frost. Daniel, WV. Frost, Edmond. N. Frost, Srgt. James. N. Frost, James, Junt.. N. Frost, Joseph. S. Frost, Joseph. Ters, S. Frost, Samuel, N. Frost, Thomas, S. Hall, Richard, WN. Hall, Richard, Jun’., WN. Hall, Samuel. WN. Hardey, Zachariah, NV. Haseltine, Samuel, NV. Haseltine, Stephen, .V. Hill, Capt. John, Hill, Jonathan, 8. Hill, Lt. Joseph, S. Hill, Joseph, Jun™., 8. Hill, Nathaniel, 8. Hill, Peter, S. Hill, Ralph, 8. Hill, Ralph, Jun’., 8. Hill, Capt. Samuel, S. Hill, Samuel, Jun’., 8. Hill, Samuel, ‘Ter’, S. Hopkins, Benjamin, 8. Hopkins, Richard, 8. Hopkins, William, S. Hosley, Joseph, 8. Hosley, Mariah, 8. Hosley, Thomas, S. "16 203 e Oo a = O> _ 1D SD OD . eo oe OLS A PWD ROCHE DO RUWHORDORMHHULUAOALWARMHOONY 15 12 ac ow He Cob — mg e i yy me a i o> _ oa e PROODOH ANNE ANOHPTNOGDCNAN 204. HISTORY OF BILLERICA. TAX-LIST, 1733. — Continued. Hunt, En’. Jeremiah, N. Hunt. John. Hunt, Joseph, .V. Hunt. Peter, V. Hunt, Samuel, Jun., Jaquith. Abraham, S. Jefts, Henry, 8. Jefts, Henry, Jun"... . Jefts, Henry. ‘Pers, S. Kemp, Jonathan, .V. Kemp, Joseph. ™. Kidder, Mr. Enoch, 1. Kidder, Enovh. Jun"., N. Kidder. Ephraim, S. Kidder, Ephraim. Jun"., S. Kidder, Ja:nes, heirs, S. Kidder. Lt. Thomas, 1. Kidder. William, Kittredge, L'. Daniel, N. Kittredge, Daniel. Jun’., Y. Kittredge, Francis, §. Kittredge, James, N. Kittredgc. James, Jun., S. Kittredge, James. Ter’, N. Kittredge, Dr. John. 8S. Kittredge, John, Jun"., 8. Kittredyve, Joseph. W. Kittredge, Thomas, N. Kittredge, Willian, V. Levestone, Johu, WN. Levestone, Srgt. John. N. Levestone, John, Ter’, NV. Levestone, Seth, N. Manning, Benjamin, -V. Manning, Eliphalet. 8. Manning, En’. William, WY. Manning, William, J", 1. Marshall. Isaac. 8. Marshall, John, S. Marshall, Thomas, NV. Marshall, William, 8. Needham, John, 9. Osgood.Cap' Christopher, N. Osgood. Stephen, S. Parker, Benjamin, Jun'., 8. Parker. John, S. Parker, John, Jun'., S. . Patten, John, N. Patten. John, Jun’., S. Patten. Joseph, S. Patten. Kendall, V. Patten, Nathaniel, N. Patten, Nathaniel, Jun‘, §. Patten, Sargt. Thomas, 8. Patten, ‘Thomas, Jun'., WN. Peacock, Samuel, NV. Pollard, Edward, N. 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 9 10 10 411 16 3 (5 4 13°41 7 0 9 1 8 0 9 0 7 7 19 5 11 9 16 9 C0 11 14 11 6 6 12 9 ll 1 e HOR DNNOCWANHOMNNANLOASCONOCNUCH ee ee HPNWNONNANHE ORONDWHwWOMIkLONW - H ANWDADNDD — lanl SOrRUROeD ray Pee oo mb Pollard, John, N. Pollard, Nathaniel. . Pollard, Walter, N. Putnam, Seth, S. Richardson, Amos, S. Richardson, Andrew. S. Richardson, Andrew, J"., M. Richardson, John, S. Richardson, Nathaniel, S. Richardson, Samuel, S. Richardson, Stephen, 8. Richardson. ‘Thomas, 8S. Rogers, John, N. Rogers, John, Jun"., N. Rogers. Wid. Mary, N. Ross. Seth, 8. Ross. Mr. ‘Thomas, 8. Ross, Thomas, Jun", S. Sanders, James, N. Sanders, John, WV. Sanders. John, Jun’., .V. Shed, En’. Benjamin. S. Shed, Daniel, 8. Shed. Ens. John, S. Shed, John, Jun"., N. Shed. Nathan, Jun"., &. Shed. William, &. Sheldon, Samuel, S. Snow, Richard, 8. Sprake, Nicholas, N. Sprake. Nicholas, Jun™., NV. Spaulding, Benoni, N. Stearns, Isaac, 8. Stearns, Isaac, Jun'.. S. Stearns, Lt. John, 8. Stickne, Abraham, N. Stickne, Daniel, 8. Stickne, William, WV. Tarball, John, 8. Tarball, John, Junt., 8. Tarball, Thomas, S. Tompson, Benjamin, 8S. Toothaker, Dr. Roger, N. Trull, John, N. Trull, Samuel, WN. Walker, Andrew, N> Walker, Benjamin, 9. Walker, Jacob, S. Walker, John, 8. Whiting, Eleazer. 8. Whiting, Col. John, NV. Whiting, Oliver, Esq'., 8. Whiting, Oliver, Jun'., NV. Whiting, Samuel, 9. Williams, Job, NW. Wilson, Jacob, &. Wilson, En’, John, 8. ee 10 3 6 6 6 6 10 3 6 6 3.0 73 6 6 8 6 8 0 ll 4 16 9 5 3 6 6 6 4 12 10 16 10 9 4 6 6 5 2 6 6 0 5 6 6 3 11 165 12 4 13 10 18 10 6 6 15 7 13 10 14 2 8 0 17 1 37 8 2 9 1 3.8 110 6 6 6 6 17 7 12.4 10 3 7 5 17 11 25 1 1 19 = 9 6 6 10 2 18 6 12 8 12 2 6 6 ll 5 0 GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. The following were non-residents : — Andover : Ballard, En‘. Joseph heirs, Blanchard, Jonathan Blanchard, Jonathan, Jun’. Blanchard. Samuel Blunt, William Foster, Mr. William Frye. Capt. James Concord: »* Blood, John 01 06 00 09 00 07 02 07 01 06 03 07 00 09 O01 06 Chelmsford : Kidder, Thomas. guardian, for 0 three Richardsons Spualding, Henry Woburn: Wyman, Mrs. Esther Wyman, Josiah Wyman, Samuel Wyman, Thomas Wyman, ‘limothy Wyman, Sarg'. William | 205 1 98 01 01 00 11 O1 O4 00 11 11 04 II 04 00 11 I give also the list for 1755, as intermediate between the date of the above and that of 1775, which will be found in the chapter on the Revolutionary War. TAX-LIST, 1755.— MINISTER’S RATE. Abbot, David, Z. £00 03 061 Abbot, Dea. Joshua, Z. 04 05 Abbot, Joshua, Jun., W. 07 051 Abbot, Oliver, Z. 04 05 Akin, Matthew, W. 02 051 Baldwin, Benj@.. 2. “ 02 041 Baldwin, David. E. 11 05 2 Baldwin, John, £. 12 012 Baldwin, Sam!., 2. 04 06 2 Baldwin. W"., £. 05 03 Beard, Ebenezer, Z. If 061 Blanchard, John, W. 08 02 2 Blanchard, Sam!l., W. 05 001 Blanchard, Simon, W. 05 11 2 Blodget, Amos, W. 02 07 Bowers, Mrs. Hannah, #. 00 08 Bowers, Josiah, W. Qs 001 Bowers, Mr. W™., £. 09 061 Brown. John, W. 01 08 Brown, Josiah, W. 08 04 Brown, Nath'., W. 03 04 2 Brown, Lt. Samuel, £. 07 07 Brown, Samuel, Jun., Z. 02 03 Brown, ‘Tho*., W. 03 01 Center, John, L. 02 09 2 Chandler, Tho’., £. 02 03 Cheever. John, E. 03 07 Clark, James, W. 03 08 1 Crosby, Ephraim, Z. 05 06 1 Crosby, Francis, W. 04 013 Crosby, Wid. Hannah, W. 00 08 Crosby, Hez., W. 05 101 Crosby, James, LF. 02 03 Crosby, Jasaniah, W. 08 08 Crosby, Nathan, W. 04 01 2 Crosby, Samson, Z. 02 03 Crosby, Lt. Simon, Z. Cumings, Lt. Nath!., W. Danforth, Benj’., Z. Danforth. David, W. Danforth. Wid: Elijah, W. Danforth, James, £. Danforth, Lt. Jonat"., Z. Danforth. Sam... #. Danforth, Doct Timothy. £. Davidson, Nath!l., £. Davis, Joshua, £. Ditson, Thos., Z. Dows, Benj., W. Dows, Ebenezer, W. Dows. Ebenezer, Jun., W. Dows, Sanl., W. Dunklee, Hezekiah, Z. Durant, Abraham. W. Durant, John, Ju'., J”. Dutton, John, IV. Farley, Caleb, W. Farley, Ebenezer, 1”. Farley, James, W. Farmer, Mr. Andrew, W. Farmer, Oliver, £. Farmer. Oliver. Ju"., EB. Foster, Isaac, E. Foster. Jacob, E. Fox, Abel, I’. French, David, £. French, Ebenezer, £. French, Jacob, £. French, John, £. French, Sam!.., Z. French, Lt. W™., Z. French, W™., Ju’., £. 05 08 1 03 08 1 09 021 01 06 2 0. 05 03 3 . 206 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. TAX-LIST, 1755. — Continued. Frost, Wid. Esther, W. 06 06 Gleason, W™., Z. 02 07 1 Goodwin, Thos., Z. 02 091 Gray, Braviter, E. 02 03 Hagit, ‘Thomas, Z. 02 03 Hall. Saml., #. 02 03 Hardy. Ebenezer, £. 02 03 Hartwell, Wid. Mary. W. 01 022 Hennery. John, W. [only province tax. ] Hill. John, W. 07 101 Hill, Jonathn., W. 09 07 2 Hill, Joseph. W. 13 02 2 Hill, -Peter, W. 06 O4 Hill, Capt. Ralph, W. 06 07 Hill, Ralph, Jun., W. 02 03 Hill, Sum, W. 07 09 1 Hosley, Tho*., Z. 08 08 1 Hosley, ‘Tho’, Ju"., Z. 02 07 Jaquith. Abraham, W. 13 03 1 Jaquith, Abraham, Ju’., W. 07 061 Jaquith. Ebenezer, W. 02 03 Jefts, Henry, W. 06 041 Jefts, Henry, Jun., W. 04 09 Jefts, Simeon, W. 04 03 2 Kidder, Capt. Enoch, W. = 12 09:1 Kidder, Ephraim, 2. 06 06 Kidder, Sam., W. 05 061 Kidder, Solomon. W. 02 03 Kidder, Tho*., Esq., Z. 07 07 Kidder, En’. W™., E. 08 03 Kindal, Reuben, Z. 04 012 Laws, James. W. 06 042 Leveston, Wid. Ruth, £. 01 .02 Leveston, Seth, W. — 03 04 Leveston; Tho’., 2. _ 07 001 Lewis, Benj?., F. 09 00 Lewis, Benj*., Ju"., #. 03 11 Lewis, Jonathan, EF. 03 00 McDowell, W™., EF. 04 001 Manning, Benj., W. 03 05 Manning, Jacob, W. 07 11 Manning, En’. W™., W. 02 03 Manning, Lt. W™., Jun., W. 09 013 Mansfield, John, W. 02 03 Marshall, Isaac, £. 09 021 { Munroe, Joseph, W. [no minister's Munroe, Joseph, Ju'., W. rate ; | Mzatoe, Joshua, W. prob. paid in Munroe, Nathan, W. Carlisle] Needham, Benj@., W. 09 O£ Needham, W™., W. 06 102 Nickles, Ge®., W. 02 08 1 Nickles, James, W. 03 09 Nickles, Robt., Ww. 02 11 Noyes, Nicholas, 2. 02 63 Osgood, Joseph, W. 03 O41 Parker, Benj+., W. 03 10 2 Parker, David, £. Parker, John, £. Parkhurst, John, £. Patten, John, £. Patten, W™., W. ‘Pollard, Edw‘., E. Pollard, John, E. Pollard, Jonathan, £. Pollard, Solomon, Z. Rankins, James, W. Richardson, Ebenezer, £. Richardson, Jonathan, £. Richardson, Sam, 2. Richardson, Stephen, W. Rogers, Saml., #. Rogers, ‘hos., 2. Rogers, Zebadiah, £. Rolfe, Daniel, [no minister's Ross, Wid. Hannah, £. Ross, John, W. Ross, Joseph, E£. Ross, Seth, W. Ruggles. Joseph, W. Sanders, Amos, #. Sanders, Benj?.. Z. Sanders, David, Z. Sanders, James, E. Shed, Capt. Benj?., W. Shed, Benj*., Jun., W. Shed, Daniel, Z. Shed, John, W. Shed, Saml., W. Shed, W™., W. Sheldon, Sam!!:, Z. Snow, Richard, £. Spalding, Asa, W. Spalding, Edw4., W. Sprake, John, W. Sprake,: Nicholas, W. Sprake, Nicholas, Jun., Z. Sprake, Nicholas. Te'., W. Sprake, Sam!.., W. Stearns, Edw4., W. Stearns, Lt. Isaac, W. Stearns, Lt. John, W. Stearns, Sam!., W. Stearns, Thos., IV. Stickney. Capt. Daniel, W. Stickney, David, W. Stickney, Dea. W™., JW. Tarbell, David, Z. Tarbell, John, EZ. Tarbell, Jonathan, £. Tarbell, W™., E. Taylor, ‘Thomas, FE. Tompson, W™., Z. Toothaker, Doct. Roger, £. -GLEANINGS FROM THE RECORDS. TAX-LIST, 1755. — Continued. Totman, John, E. Trull, Wid. Mary, Z. Trull, Sam!., Z. Walker, Ezekiel, E. Walker, Jacob, E. Walker, Joseph, £. Walker, Robt.. W. Walker, Wid. Sarah, £. Wesson, Saml., FE. White, Ens. John, £. Whiting. John. W. Whiting, Jonathan, W. Whiting, Oliver, W. Whiting, Dea. Sam!l., Z. Whiting, Saml., Jun., Z. Wilson, Jacob. W. Wilson, John, W. . Wilson, John, Jun., £. Wilson, Seth, E. Winning, Alexander, W. Obed. Abbot, as guardian for Seth Crosby, W. W™, Kidder, do. for Jonas Sanders, E. Bedford: Grimes, Jonathan 03 00 2 01 04 04 08 1 05 03 06 05 3 04 09 2 04 11 00 06 2 03 09 3 09 05 2 02 03 05 01 08 03 04111 02 05 2 07 071 02 03 02 03 05 04 2 03 07 1 05 05 1 00 08 01 00 Carlisle : Blood, John {?] Isaac Parling, David Russell, James Chelmsford : Keyes. Eph’. Robens, Jonas Spalding, Henry Spalding, John Spalding, Ens. Jonathan Spalding, Tho. Tewksbury : Foster, Jonathan Kittredge, ‘Thos. Levestone, John Merrell, Stephen Patten, Kendal Woburn : Bennet, James Wyman, Joshua eee Newb WRB EHH Oo HOH 18 8 IL 16 1 15 1d a 15 13 10 10 10 5 11 5 web Ww Henry Crosby place, Woburn Road. Old Fletcher house, East Road. Sanborn place, west of Long St. Paul Hill’s place, east of Common. Wilmington Road, Dea. King’s pl. Miss Sophia Allen, East Road. Joel Baldwin’s, Shawshin Road. F [Stickney. West of Long Street, north of Wm. Holden place, Shawshin Road. Stearns pl., north of Howe School. Near Catholic Church. Shawshin District. East Road, Asa Holden place. Burrows place. east of Woburn St. Clough pl., East Lexington Road. Dr. Noyes’ pl., Lexington Street. East Lexington Road. Near Mr. Cowdry’s, west side. Hotel w. of Long St., so. end village. East of Long Street Hotel, near Mr. Kimball place, Andover St. [Proud- [foot’s. Old Danforth place, on West St. Bowman place, on Lexington Read. Head of the lane east of Long St. Near Henry Durant’s, west side. Wilmington Road, near the school- ‘ [house. Isaac Brown place. Probably at North Billerica. Road to Winning’s Pond. 248 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. TAX-LIST. — Continued. A Province Tax. Carleton, Nathan £ 13 12 Carleton. Solomon 13 «9 Cary, Sam! 10 Conant, William 213 Cook, Paul 2 1102 Cook, Sears 21 3 Crosby, Eph 3.13 11 2 Crosby, Francis 114 ‘Crosby, Hezekiah 4 8 2 Crosby, James 13 12 Crosby, Josiah 38 °911 Crosby, Josiah, Wid. Rosspl. 6 3 Crosby, Oliver 312 92 Crosby, Seth 213 12 Cumings, Rev. Henry, [not taxed]. Currier, Will” 10 Danforth, Benj@ 112 223 Danforth, David 10 Danforth, Elijah 217 Danforth, do. Jos.Warrenland. { 4 2 Danforth, Jesse ls 9 Danforth, Josiah 11 12 Danforth, Sam! 4 8 2 Danforth, ‘Timothy 11s 1 Davis, Joseph 11 Davis, Joshua 5 19 Ditson, Sam! 1 12 10 Ditson, ‘Thos 14 11 Dows, Benj 3.5 4 Dows, Benj, jr. 11 3 Dows, Eben™ 19 62 Dows, Eben’, jr. 1 2 Dows, Eleazar 1s 12 Dows, Sam! 10 Dutton, Benj 10 Easte, Benj, [not on list and deceased]. Edes, John 1 Farmer, Edward 212 41 Farmer, Edward, jr. 10 Farmer, John 215 22 Farmer, Joseph 12 6 Farmer, Oliver 3.9 42 Farmer, Rebekah 16 10 2 Farrier, Elioner 5 10 2 Fletcher. Samuel 10 Foster, Isaac 24 7 Foster, Joseph 16 3 Foster, Sarah 14 8 Fox. Joseph ll 3 French, Eben" 3 2 2 French, Eben’, jr. 118 12 French, Jacob 3.6 02 French, John 38.3 12 French, Jon® 12 6 French, Jonas 4138 6 French, Sarah 1s 42 Frost, Joshua 11 10 2 Harrington pl., Shawshin District. Crosby place, Shawshin Road. Crosby pl., east of Nutting’s Pond. Knowles pl., near 8. School-house. Mason place, near S. School-house. Fisk place. south of Nutting’s. Dr. Hubbard's, Bedford Street. Near Essex place. East Road. Mr. Whitman’s, Bedford Street. Davis place. Long Pond Road. Woburn Road, near line. Woburn Road. Blood’s place, west side. Near Deacon Spaulding’s. Near Corner, just south of road to [Davis place. Shawshin District. South of his brother Edward. Lexington Road. Shawshin District. Between Andover Street and Long 4 [Pond Road. 3 Probably East Road. East Road, near Andover Street. Frost, William Gleason. Will™ Gray. ‘Time Hale, Josiah Hall, Lydia Hans, Charles Hardy, Eben Henry, John Henry, John. jr. Hill, Benj Hill, Jere Hill, Job Hill, Jon" Hill, Joseph Hill, Joseph, jr. Hill, Nath! Hill, Paul Hill, Peter Hill, Ralph Hill, Solomon Hill, Will Hosley, Martha Jaquith, Abr™ Jaquith, Abr™, jr. Jaquith, Eben" Jaquith, Joseph Jefts, Henry Jefts, Henry, jr. Jefts, Simeon Jones, Joseph Kidder, Enoch Kidder, Eph™ Kidder, Jonathan, [not on list]. 2 Kidder, Lydia Kidder, Sam! Kidder, Sam), jr. Kidder, Thos Kidder, Will ‘Kidder, Will. jr. Kindall, Reuben Kindall, Reuben, jr. Kittredge, Neh Kneeland. John Lampson. Sam! Laws, Eunice Laws, John Laws, Will™ Levistone, David Levistone, Isaac Levistone, John . Levistone, Seth Levistone, Seth, jr. Levistone. Thos Levistone, Tim? Lewis, Benj Lewis, Janes Lewis, John THE REVOLUTION. 249 TAX-LIST. — Continued. Province Tax. £1 a = VR bo pe OO we NM oO ee So oe ee wwe be w Be bo roy wwe 19 10 19 I 18 7 1 10 5 6 19 2 8 12 10 10 1 3 10 ee we — _ waoe CON FPOOnNnNnorR SO aD an be i ae a Om bo Oo oe bo } Shawshin District. In Carlisle. In Carlisle. In Carlisle. In Carlisle. Mr. Perrin’s place. The Lyons place, Bedford Street. Mrs. Boyden’'s place, Bedford St. Over Concord River. Over Concord River. Mrs. Judkins’s place, Bedford St. South of Dr. Hosmer’s. Jaquith place. East of Bedford St., south part. Jaquith place. Near iron bridge, west side. Boston Road. Parker place, south of West Street. East of road beyond the Corner. McElligott’s, on Bedford Strect. Probably near Mr. Elliot’s, North (Billerica. Wilmington Road, near Shawshin. East Road, Mr. Sanborn’s. Lowell Road, at the turn to North Billerica. One of these cousins lived at the Nason place. Andover, near Salem, Road. Andover, near Salem, Road. 250 Mace, Joseph Manning, Benj Manning, Eliph Manning, Jacob Manning, Jesse Manning, Martha Manning. Solomon Manning, Will™ Marshall, Isaac Marshall, Isaac, jr. Marshall. Jacob Miller, John Monroe, Aaron Monroe, Joseph Monroe, Joshua Monroe, Nathan Needham, Benj" Needham, John Needham, Reb? ° Needham. Will Nickles, James Nickles, do. for father's pl. Nickles, John Nickles, John, jr. Nickles, Joseph Osgood, Joseph Parker, John Parker, Levi Parker, Nath! Parsons, David Patten, Asa Patten, John Patten, John. jr. Patten, William Pollard, Benj Pollard, Edward Pollard, Jon Pollard, Sole Richardson, Ebez" Richardson, Ebez". jr. Richardson, Jacob Richardson, Jon® Richardson. Jon’, jr. Richardson, Joseph Richardson, Josiah Richardson, Oliver _ Richardson, San! Richardson, Sam/, jr. Richardson, Steph n Richardson, Thos Richardson, Will™ Robbins. Jonas Rogers, Sain! Rogers, ‘Thomas Rogers, Zebadiah Rogers. Zebadiah, jr. Ross, John HISTORY OF BILLERICA. TAX-LISYT. — Continued. Trovinee Tax. £ 10 110 15 7 7 16 10 Ne mt Oe bb WHEE NE PN oe Nea a Nn 10 Nee RoR ww MON we = Ot Neo aw 1 ao wNa be — ~CWwWCRFOOONNKBwO am eo oe NOKROHE AN DONE _ con Ds 10m GS ome ot 2 4 He we Cutler place, west side. Jesse Manning's place, ‘Treble-Cove [Road. Garrison-house, Chelmsford Road. Old Marshall place, East Road. Tn Carlisle. In Carlisle. In Carlisle. Near South Cemetery. In Carlisle. In Carlisle. In Carlisle. In Carlisle. In Carlisle. South of Common. In Carlisle. In Carlisle. Wilmington Road, near Shawshin. Pattenville. West of Long Street, near Corner. East of Fordway. Southeast of Fordway. (Street. South of John Parker's, on Boston Spaulding pl., south Howe School. East Road. near Web's Brook. Woburn Road, Spaulding place. East Road, near Pasho place. Disused road. from Andover Street {near Salem to Shawshin Road. Corner, near old Cemetery. Near railroad station. Shawshin Dist., near Wilmington. Mrs. Sage’s, Bedford Street. Corner, Jones place. In Carlisle. Near Fordway. Near Alms-house. Holden place, near Winning's. Ruggles. Joseph Ryan, David Sanders. Benj Sanders, David Sanders, Ebenezer Sanders, James © Sanders, John Sanders, Jonas Sanders, Sole Shed, Daniel Shed, Hannah Shed, John Shed, Joseph Shed, Joseph, jr. Shed, Reuben Shed, ‘Thos - Sims, Stephen Skilton, John Snow. Richard Spaulding, Asa Sprake, Benj Sprake, Nicholas Sprake, Nicholas, jr. Sprake, Sam! Sprake, Sam’, jr. Stearns, Isaac Stearns, Isaac. jr. Stearns, John Stearns, Nath! Stearns, Oliver Stearns, Sam Stearns, Will Stickney, Dan! Stickney, David Stickney, Jon® Stickney. Will, Esq. Stickney, Will, jr. ‘Tarbell, W™ Tarbell, W™, Jr. ‘Tompson, Will™ ‘Toothaker, Roger Totman, J ohn ‘Trull, Sam! Trull, Saml, jr. Walker, Sam! Waters. John White, John Whiting, Sam!, [not on Hist Wilson, John Wilson, Seth Winning, Alex" Winning, John Wright, John Wyman, Amos THE REVOLUTION. 251 TAX-LIST. — Continued. Province Tax. £1 1 1 So RRND & SH Gee Se OC Rebs we Dre o 2 2 ; 1 1 bee ap GN nw Oh bo _ 10 a" oC WOH eH CeHN mo bs We bo be nw oa He HS 72 Kitchen place, near railroad, south- {east of North Billerica. . Some of these lived on Long Pond Road beyond Davis’; others to- ward North Billerica. Spaulding pl.. west of Long Street. East of ‘Bedford Street, near Mr. [Cobb's place. Near iron bridge, west side. Shawshin District, near Burlington. Edmands place. Shawshin Road. West part of town, Simonds place. Colson place, North Billerica. Near Fordway. North Billerica. Dea. Greenwood's place, near Con- [cord River and Bedford line. Shawshin District. Merriam place, near Bedford line. (village. West of Boston Road, south of the [village. West of Boston Road, south of the Pillsbury place, west of Long St. Near Irving Fletcher's. Shawshin (Road. ‘Tuft’s place, end of lane. Near canal, North Billerica. Woburn Road, near Shawshin. Sheldon place, North Billerica. East Lexington Road. near Bedford. Wilson place, on Boston Street. South of Charnstafte Lane. Near Winning’s Pond. Putney place, Shawshin Road. Near Bedford and Burlington. And there are twenty-one names of men who lived in Woburn, Concord, Tewksbury, Bedford, and Chelmsford. CHAPTER XIV. EDUCATION. Tue founders of New England were careful and prompt to pro- vide for the education of all the children. As early as 1642 a law was enacted, enjoining the selectmen to ‘thave a vigilant eye over their brethren and neighbors, to see fitst that none of them shall suffer so much barbarism in any of their families as not to endeavor to teach, by themselves or others, their children and apprentices so much learning as may enable them perfectly to read the English tongue.” The penalty was twenty shillings for each neglect. The game act required that parents ‘give religious instruction to their children and apprentices, and bring them up in some honest, lawful calling, labor, or employment, either in husbandry or some other trade profitable for themselves and the commonwealth, if they will not or can not train them up in learning to fit them for higher employments.” In 1647 a free school was made compulsory. If there were fifty householders, the town must appoint a teacher, and towns of one hundred householders must have a grammar school of such grade that youth ‘‘ may be fitted for the university.” Billerica could not at once mect this requirement. But, ‘1,5, 61. The Townsmen doe agree yt Lieftenent Will ffrench and Ralph Hill, senior, doe take care and [examine] the seurll famelies in or Towne, . whethr there children and servants are Taught in the precepts of relidione, in reding and Lerninge there Catechism.” How this duty was discharged is suggested in the record by the selectmen: ‘10, 9”, 68. they apoint y® next seconday to go y° rounds to examine y® teaching of children & youth, acording to law.” If we could accompany these selectmen on that annual examination, we should learn something of education under difficulties: and might gain respect for the fathers, with appreciation of the fact of progress in two centuries. EDUCATION. 253 Mr. Whiting’s name first appears in this record, ‘+19 March, 74-5. In reference to the catechising of y* youth of y* towne and examining them concerning their reading, a duty imposed on y* select™ by y® Hon™ Court, to take care that children and youth be instructed in both. The selectmen doe order, that all children and youth, single psons from eight years old upward, their parence and masters shall send such their children and servants to. y* Reverend Mr. Samuel Whiting, at such times as shalbee afterward appointed by him, to be examined of both, as hoping this might be a good expedient for y° encouragement of all superiours and youth.” We may well believe that such an examination, by the pastor, would be no small incentive to study on the part of the ‘+ youth” who must appear before him. But many of the parents could give but little instruction, and another step in advance greatly needed was taken when, ‘‘19, 11”, 79, Ens. ‘Tompson was chosen school- master, to teach such to read and to write as shall come to him to learn.” Joseph Tompson, Billerica’s first school-master, was the son of a minister, and, with the possible exception of Danforth, was the best educated man in town. He continued. to be the school-master for more than thirty years. Of the studies pursued we are not informed, nor of the ‘‘times and seasons”; but the culture of the town owes much, we may be sure, to Ensign Tompson’s school, and we may remember with interest the place to which the children of two hundred years ago wended their way for the instruction he had to give them. His house was in the southeast part of the village, at the end of the lane where now Mr. Tufts lives. Whether the services of Mr. Tompson were gratuitous or he had a tuition fee does not appear; but no item is found among the town charges until 1710, when he received one pound as school-master, and another the next year. About the same time the question of a new school-master was raised. We may hope that the reason was not because Captain Tompson found occasion in his age to charge something for his services. Perhaps after thirty years his methods had become too old-fashioned, and a younger man was called for. In the autumn of 1709, one object of a town meeting was ‘‘to incoridg a schoole- master for Reading and Writing”; and, judging from the records of Mr. Needham, the new town clerk, there was need of a new school-master. But four years later a master was still needed, and, November 16, 1713, ‘‘it was voted, that the selectmen shaill mak 254 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. yous of their best descrastion in providing a scoull-master for a quarter of a yeare”; and, January 18, the selectmen were instructed ‘¢to se out for a schoolmaster against March Court, and to provide a house.” ‘Towns were frequently complained of for neglect to provide good schools, and the last record implies that Billerica had been thus charged, as it had been at least once before, in 1692, ‘‘for want of a schole.” Probably Mr. Tompson’s labors were occasionally sus- pended and resumed. The same presentment was made in 1718, and answered by Captain Whiting, at Charlestown. The first appearance of a successor to Mr. Tompson is in 1713, when Mr. Shattuck is paid £8, 13s., and the town voted, that he ‘shall keep the school another half-year.” In 1716, Mr. Isaac Branch was employed, receiving £10 for two quarters and £22 for the year 1717. The germ of the system of school districts then appears: ‘''The Town Impowered the selectmen to order & appoint in what parts of the town the school shall be kept & how long at a place.” In November, 1718, the town votes ‘‘to hire our present schoolmaster for another quarter, Provided he move to the several Quarters of the town”; also, ‘‘to give but four shillings p. week for the schoolmaster’s board for the future.” This master was John Graham, and he boarded with Mr. Ruggles. December 29, 1718, it was voted, that ‘‘ for about five months the school should be moved to accommodate the outscirts of the Town, and the Rest of the year to be kept in the middle of the town”; and a committee of five was to order the places where it should be kept. It was also voted ‘‘to give Mr. Grimes, our present schoolmaster, forty pounds for one year, Provided that he board himself and keep a moving school.” In March, the selectmen gave leave to John Hartwell’s wife ‘to keep a school to Instruct children to Read.” Mr. Joseph Houston was master for three or four years from 1719, and was succeeded by Benjamin Ruggles, the pastor’s brother. Then for a short time the master was Jonathan Fry, of Andover, the ill-fated young chaplain of Lovewell’s expedition. The next year the town paid Mr. William Smith for services, and also Nicholas Bowes, the future pastor of Bedford. Then comes Mr. Isaac Abbott, who was master for six years, who was also employed to copy the early volume of records of ‘* Births, Marriages, and Deaths,” in a new book. Benjamin Bowers follows, 1786-39; Jonathan Stedman, 1739; Joseph Man- ning, 1740; Robert Cutler, 1741-45, who found his wife here, and became pastor in Epping, New Hampshire; and John Chandler, in . EDUCATION. 255 1746, who was thus introduced to his future pastorate here. Joseph Bean succeeded, and then came Jonathan Kidder, in 1753, who served the town for a generation, and whose fame lingers still among the traditions of our older people. A record, May, 1722, tells us something of the early methods: ‘¢*Tt was agreed that Mr. Houston shall make up three months in the scenter of the town, and then shall go one month among the Hunts.” And, in June, ‘‘it was agreed that Mr. Houston shall have liberty for a month or two, if he Pleas, after his month is out at Mr. Hunt's; and then at his Return shall go one month to the west side of Concord River; and then next one month to John Stearns; the next one month to Jonathan Bacon’s; then at Mr. Walker’s three weeks; then next at the Kittridge’s one month; then three weeks at Dr. Tooth- aker’s; then to be three months in the scenter of the Town, which will compleat his year.” The sections of the town where schools were kept were at first and long called squadrons; and a division of the school money to the squadrons began to be made. about 1760, with attending questions and jealousy as to the divisicn. A school-house is mentioned in 1766, but had perhaps been built earlier; as the town in 1725 voted grants of land to the squadrons for school-houses, to be located by the selectmen. In 1742 a committee reported. that the school be kept six months in the centre of the town, two in the east squadron, (one of which should be east of the river,) two on the west side, and one in the south squadron. In 1782 another report is found. The centre squadron was to extend a mile and a half, and a gram- mar school was to be supported there, the out squadrons drawing an equal amount, to be expended ‘‘in keeping good writing schools.” The houses which were to form the line of the centre squadron, on the various roads, are designated: ‘‘on Wilmington road, Jonas French’s new house; on the Frenchs’ road, the house of Jacob French; on Boston road, the house of Oliver Crosby; on Bedford road, the house of Peter Hill; on the road to Fitch’s mill, the house of John Blanchard; on the road over middle bridge, John Carleton, Jr.; on Chelmsford road, the house of W™. Laws; on-the road to Carleton’s mills, Josiah Danforth’s; on the road to Tewksbury, by French’s dam, Benj. Davis.” ‘There were to be two squadrons on the west side, to be divided as the inhabitants there pleased. The east squadron was to include all.north of John Patten, Jun.’s, and William Tarbell’s, and east of the Long Pond Road; the Shawshin 256 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. squadron ‘to begin at Samuel Danforth’s and take in Thomas Rich- ardson, widow Hosley, Joseph Jones, & Ebenezer Richardson, Jr., on the Boston road, and Ebenezer Richardson & Josiah Richardson on the east road,” with all on the east on Shawshin River except John Skelton and Amos Wyman; the southeast squadron included ‘¢all south of the widow Farmer’s and Hezekiah Crosby’s, that live between Boston road & Bedford road,” except Timothy Jaquith and Isaac Manning, who, ‘‘a little off from Bedford road,” were in the south squadron. But the squadron school-houses were still wanting, and, 1791, September 12, a committee on the location of such houses made report. It recommended, that in the centre ward the house be set ‘tin Stephen Parker’s corner, at the west end of the meeting honse,” 22 X 22, at a cost of £50; the north ward house to be set in William Rogers’ corner by John Rogers, 16X16, to cost £20; the east ward house, location left blank, 1818, to cost £22; the Shawshin ward house to be set at the corner of Lieut. John Farmer’s and Ebenezer Richardson, Jr.’s, land, 1616, to cost £20; the southerly ward house to be set in Simon and Joseph Blanchard’s land, ‘‘half way between the roads, ou an allowance for school travel,” 1414, to cost £18; the south ward house to be set at the head of Job Hill’s lane, 1616, to cost £20; the south ward, over Concord River, to be set at the end of Shed’s lane, so called, 16X16, to cost £20; the north ward, over Concord River, to be set, not agreed where, cost £20. Wards which chose not to build might draw the interest of the sum allowed to said ward to hire places to keep their school ; but the latter privilege was not to extend beyond two years; and the committee was to settle disputes as to locations not yet decided on. Most of these sites are nearly the same with those still in use. The house at the centre was also used later as an academy; then became a store and post office ; was burned in 1873; and rebuilt by Mr. Morey for the same use. When the district system of schools displaced the earlier squadrons is not clear; but for two generations districts had charge of their own schools, locating and supporting as they pleased. But within a few years the town has reassumed the entire charge, seeking more harmonions and efticient management. The employment of school ‘‘dames” is mentioned as early as 1680, and in March, 1718, John Hartwell’s wife had leave ‘‘to keep a school to Instruct children to Read”; but it is not clear to what extent females were thus employed, and it is only within a few years HOWE SCHOOL. EDUCATION. 257 that most of the schools have passed into their hands. Before the Revolution, only English text-books were to be had, which were sometimes reprinted, but always costly and ill-adapted to use in this country. After that, improvement, sure if not rapid, was made, and has contributed much to the usefulness of the schools. It was a notable day in the history of Billerica, when Mr. Pem- berton, who had been for eight years the first principal of Phillips Academy, at Andover, came from that position to Billerica, and established a school here, which is properly known as the Pemberton. Academy. He was one of the notable teachers of his time, and counted such men as James Madison and Aaron Burr among his pupils. His school here was on the west side of Long Street, at the place where the late Dr. Pillsbury lived, and is described as a one-. story building, which received additions as more room was needed, until ‘‘its length became a marked feature.” Here he conducted a school for fourteen years, which was highly successful, numbering at times sixty pupils, many of whom graduated at Harvard College and became eminent. At first a training-school for boys, its scope was enlarged and girls were received; and Deacon Samuel Whiting assisted in the instruction. It would be interesting if we had a catalogue, and knew more of this early academy. After an interval of some years, a private school was established by Mr. Bernard Whitman and his sister Bathsheba, their brother being the colleague pastor of the church. It was kept in a hall of the old hotel. But, in 1820, the Billerica Academy was established, and Mr. and Miss Whitman assumed the charge of it. The Trustees of this academy were Josiah Crosby, Esq., Samuel Whiting, Esq., Joseph Locke, Esq., Rev. Nathaniel Whitman, Francis Faulkner, Esq., Col. J. B. Richardson, Dr. Zadok Howe, Rey. Samuel Stearns,. Rey. Jacob Coggin, Edward St.L. Livermore, Rev. Samuel Sewall, George Bruce, Cyrus Baldwin, William Bland, Jr., Esq., Dr. A. R. Thompson. Others afterward chosen were Hon. Timothy Walker,. John Baldwin, Esq., Marshall Preston, Esq., Capt. Francis Richard- son, Rev. Bernard Whitman, Rev. Hezekiah Packard, Rev. William Barry, Dr. Thaddeus Brown. This academy building stood south of the Unitarian Church, and was probably identical with the earlier school-house, on the same spot, which is mentioned above. The school was good and useful, but it lacked the pecuniary foundation needful for permanence, and its career closed in 1836. From that time, until 1852, the only 258 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. opportunity for higher instruction in the town was a private school, which was taught for some years by Reverend Mr. Stearns, in the vestry of the Congregational Church, of which he was the pastor. Dr. Howe, knowing the value of such a school and instructed by the failure of the Academy, a few years Jater set about a more substantial foundation; and the results of his benevolent plans remain, and must long endure, in the Howe School. The design had occupied his thoughts before his death, and the lot was selected and purchased by himself. By his will, a Board of Trustees, to be incorporated, received the bulk of his estate, and were charged with the duty pf carrying his plans into execution. The first Trustees were John Baldwin, James R. Faulkner, Dudley Foster, William H. Odiorne, Marshall Preston, Amos Spaulding, and George H. Whit- man; of whom only Mr. Foster is still a member of the Board. Others, who have been appointed to fill vacancies by the Judge of Probate, are Thomas Talbot, John A. Buttrick, Gardner Parker, Luther W. Faulkner, Henry A. Hazen, Moses G. Parker, and Peter B. Bohonan. ‘The building was erected in 1852, and dedicated with an address by Mr. Whitman, who remained until 1875, the diligent and faithful secretary of the Trustees. Valuable details of the his- tory may be found in that address, which has been published. The School was opened at once under the charge of Mr. William C. Grant. He was succeeded, in 1855, by Mr. Stephen Gilman, and, in 1864, by Mr. Francis Gorman. The present principal, Mr. Samuel Tucker, assumed his charge in 1868. Tuition was free at the beginning, but in recent years the income of the fund, somewhat more than $20,000, has not been sufficient alone for the support of the School, and a small tuition fee has been charged; it is now four dollars per term, with three terms in each year. The Catalogue, published in 1880, enrolls the names of 838 pupils, of whom, since 1868, there have been 66 graduates. Pupils are received on exami- nation from the common schools of the town, and from other towns on the same terms. The generous endowment of Dr. Howe is now less adequate than at first to the needs of the School, and should receive some increase from the town, or from private munificence, in order to meet the larger requirements of instruction and equipment, which the lapse of thirty years and the demands of recent progress have laid upon it. This record of schools in Billerica has also a recent addition. Early in 1879, Professor M. C. Mitchell, a graduate of Waterville “ITHHOLIN (9 "Wt TOOHOS AOt EDUCATION. 259 College, now Colby University, in 1862, who had for some years had a private Boys’ School, at Edgartown, Massachusetts, removed with his school to this town. After brief locations, on Boston Street and — on Andover Street, he purchased the large and handsome building which had replaced the old hotel, burned in 1876, on the south corner of Andover and Main Streets, which was occupied in May, 1880. It is designed as a home school for boys, the number of pupils being limited to twenty-four, and the charge, including all expenses, being $400 per year. The school is prosperous, and we give a good view of its buildings. CHAPTER XV. RELIGIOUS HISTORY.— CONTINUED. Tue dismission of Mr. Chandler left the church for the first time without a pastor; and the devout fathers set apart a day of fasting and prayer, 1760, October 2, ‘‘to supplicate the throne of grace for divine direction in the choice of a minister.” The ministers of Littleton, Tewksbury, Wilmington, and Woburn were invited to assist in the public services. Sixteen ministers were paid for preaching during the two years ensuing. Samuel Angier was employed twenty Sabbaths; Edward Sparhawk, ten; Edward Brooks, twelve; Job Whitney, Nathaniel Noyes, and Mr. Frye, eight each; William Whitwell, seven, and Benjamin Caryl, four. The latter received a call to settle, which was not accepted. At length a town meeting was held, 1762, November 18, and this is the record: ‘‘The church of Christ in this town having at their meeting on the 25 Day of August, 1760, Voted to give up their Right and Priviledge of Choos- ing a Gospel minister by themselves, and to act in conjunction with the Town in this Important affair ; and the Church and Town Having mett together upon this occation, * and the meeting being opened by a prayer to god for his Gracious Infinence, guidance, & Direction, The Question was put whether we would proceed at this Time To the Choice of a Gentleman to settle with us in the work of the Gospel mninistry, and it was voted in the affirmative. Then the members of the Church & the Inhabitants of the Town were desired by the Moderator to Bring in their votes conjunctly, in order to the choosing such a minister, which being done and the votes examined, it appeared that Mr. Henry Cumings was chosen by all the votes. ">'Then the Town voted to the said Mr. Henry Cumings, as an. Incouragement 4 to settle with us, for his settlement Two Hundred Pounds Lawfull money, one Hundred to be paid” at the time of his ordination, and RELIGIOUS HISTORY. ” 261 the remainder a year later. His salary was to be £80, paid annually, and he was to have the use of the ‘‘ Parsonage pasture.” The ques- tion of acting on “the article of wood” passed ‘‘in the negative,” and ministers have since been permitted to furnish their own wood. In paying Dr. Cumings the promised ‘‘settlement,” the town appro- priated £73, 17s., 11d., which had been received from the State for the care of the French neutrals. The ordination took place, 1763, January 26. ‘Seven churches came to the solemnity. The Rev‘. Mr. Morrill, of Wilmington, began with prayer ; Rev‘. Mr. Emerson, of Hollis, preached the sermon, from Heb. xiii:17; the Rev. Mr. Rogers, of Littleton, gave the charge, & the Rev‘. Mr. Bridge, of Chelmsford, the Right Hand of Fellowship, & y® Rev‘. Mr. Emerson, of Peperil, made y° last prayer.” The record of Mr. Cumings’ birth and family is given elsewhere. He was a young man when he assumed his important and lifelong charge, having graduated from Harvard College just before he was twenty-one years of age, and spent only two years in teaching, at Reading, where he found his wife, and in the study of theology with his pastor, Rev. Daniel Emerson, of Hollis. Mr. Emerson was a man of character and spiritual force, and of power as a preacher, and many young men went from Hollis under his influence to take high positions in the pulpit and at the bar. He had been in ardent sympathy with the Great Awakening and the labors of Edwards and Whitefield, and Mr. Cumings brought the tonic of this training to his ministry in Billerica. He brought also a fine physical manhood, a culture and a piety, which gave him good equipment for his office ; and for almost two generations he led his people, a good example of the oldtime pastor, holding their respect and love with a rare force to the end. -As to the manner of man he was, I am able to give some authentic and interesting reminiscences, furnished by his grand- daughter, Miss Nancy Wilkins, whose privilege it was to be with him twenty years in the later part of his life, and who, after illustrating in her own person a most serene and charming old age, has but recently been called away by death. She says, — ‘The earliest recollections of my revered grandfather are of a pleasing nature, although they inspired my youthful heart with awe. He was six feet and upwards in height. finely proportioned, with silvery, flowing locks and a pleasant smile. He would be called a perfect: Christian gentleman, in whom was no guile, and was noted for his hospitality to all. He was a powerful man, both mentally and physically, and was considered a fine Hebrew scholar, having been taught while in college by a Jew, who took 262 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. unwearied pains with a small class to perfect them in the language he loved, and took great pride in their success. He was well versed in Latin and Greek. From the latter [ have heard him quote largely; particularly from a speech of President Holyoke. In prayer time some of the students had whistled and scraped. After prayers, my grandfather said, he never heard such a powerful address as he made to them in Greek; it came like a thunder-clap, and the offence was never repeated. I have often heard him repeat this speech, and his memory was very uncommon. He would repeat the first book of Paradise Lost without hesitation. He fitted several for college in his younger days, and, later, instructed some theological students. He was uniformly kind, but in those days any approach to familiarity would have been considered highly improper ; and, as he seldom spoke of himself, I knew but little of his history. His mother was a woman of uncommon energy, and very devout. Dr. Cumings owed much, in his own opinion, to her influence. Mr. Emerson, his pastor, befriended him, fitted him for college, and helped him through. ‘The Sabbath was kept very strictly. None could visit or leave his house on that day, or stay at home to provide food. To me it was always a pleasant day. I had my Bible and Pilgrim’s Progress, and I longed to find and enter through that wicket gate, for it was all real to me. I never knew one who had a more vivid sense of an overruling providence. His wives’ family was of English descent, all Episcopalians, and their grandfather kept slaves. He often spoke of his first wife and always with deep emotion, and she must have been a most lovely Christian woman. In memory of her and of his blessed Saviour, he used to trim his rooms with evergreen on Christmas Eve, and for this purpose would go far to get the double spruce which he thought the most beautiful. He was a man of strong passions and quick temper, but had learned the lesson of self-control. In his younger days he used tobacco freely, but, when convinced that it was injurious, he abandoned it; but he said it was like cutting off a right arm. ‘Once a year he visited all the schools, in order to catechise the chil- dren, using the Assembly’s Catechism, The Conunandments and Creed, portions of The Bible, and Hymns. It was a very interesting day to the children. My grandfather took great pleasure in cultivating his garden, and was very fond of flowers, having a fine assortment for those times. He gave me a flower-bed and taught me to cultivate it. He often brought us wild flowers and herbs, and seemed to know their properties; as well as all the birds of the air and all their peculiar habits.” This picture, outlined by one who knew and loved him, shows very clearly some of the elements of his power as a minister. He was a diligent student, wrought out his sermons with great care, and preached them with effect. Then he was a man of the people. He had known in his own early experience what poverty and trial were, and was prepared to sympathize with the trials through which the people were passing. ‘The testimony is abundant how heartily he shared in the patriotic discussions and actions which bore fruit in the oS COMMON. FIRST CHURCH. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 263 independence of the States and establishment of the Union. He was a leader in the patriot councils, and the action of*the town was often shaped by him. His election as a delegate to the Convention which framed the Constitution of Massachusetts, in 1780, was only the proper and natural recognition of his standing among his towns- men. Ile was often called on councils, far and near, and to preach on public occasions, in a way to show that his merits were appreciated beyond the bounds of his rural parish. But if he was ever called, in the modern fashion, to leave his chosen field, the temptation did not move him, and he was content to live and to die among the people, who gave him in youth unanimously their confidence and love, and continued it to the end. A new and more commodious meeting-house was found necessary and was erected in 1797. It stood near, but a little southeast of, its present position, facing the north. By some accident the first steeple fell, and the builder received $500.00 compensation from the town. The cost of this house was provided for by sale of the pews, which took place, 1797, December 8, as follows, the sum received being $8504.50 :— SALE OF PEWS. No. Price. No. Price. On the lower floor: 22 Lt. Stephen Barrett and 1 Capt. John Winning $121.50 Mr. Joel Baldwin $123.75 2 Lieut. John Kidder 121.50 23 Mr. Joseph Jaquith 125.50 3 Dr. Wm. Wilkins and Mr. 24 Capt. Solomon Pollard 114.00 Isauc Wilkins 116.00 25 Mr. William Patten 117.00 4 Ens. Samuel Parker 120.25 26 Lt. Jeremiah Allen and 5 Capt. Josiah Bowers 161.00 Mr. Joseph Kendal 123.00 6 Dr. William Bowers 164.00 27 Mr. John Bromfield 116.00 7 Parsonage. 28 T.t. Nehemiah Kittredge 114.75 8 Jonathan Bowers, Esq. 181.50 29 Mr. Isaac French and Mr. 9 Dea. Wm. Tompson 133.50 Abel Bowman 67.00 10 Dea. Joshua Abbot 152.00 30 Mr. James Abbot, 84.00 11 Mr. Luther French 116.25 31 Mr. Jacob Manning 72.75 12 Mr. Jeremiah Blanchard 115.00 32 Capt. Stephen Parker 80.00 13 Lieut. Peter Hill 126.50 33 Maj. John Parker 116.00 14 Mr. Jona. Pollard and 34 Mr. Josiah Richardson 116.00 Mr. Thomas Rogers 124.00 35 Lt. Jeremiah Crosby and 15 Mr. Benjamin Bowers = 102.50 Mr. John Bacon 123.25 16 Mr. Samuel Richardson, 36 Lt. Isaac Baron 120.75 jr. and Mr. John Rich- 37 Mr. Samuel Bowers 125.50 ardson 94.00 388 Mr. Nathan Abbot 120.25 17. Mr. Zebediah Rogers, jr. 122.75 39 Mr. Samuel Whiting 115.50 18 Widow Elizabeth Hill 114.50 40 Mr. Zaccheus Shed 115.00 19 Mr. William Rogers 124.00 41 Dea. Oliver Crosby 120.50 20 Mr. John Soley 114.00 42 John White, Esq. - 113.50 21 Myr. Joseph Danforth and 43° Mr. Josiah Crosby 131.50 Mr. John Patten, jr. 121.25 44 Mr. Joseph Blanchard 115.25 N 964. HISTORY OF BILLERICA. No. Price. No. . Price. 45 Mr. Ebnzr. Richardson, $115.50 4 Mr. John Carlton. jr. and 46 Mr. Josiah Rogers [jr. _ 120.00 Mr. Amos Carlton $48.50 47 Mr. Silas Richardson and 5 Mr. Benjamin Beard, jr. Mr. Stephen Richardson 116.50 } part. and Mr. Francis 48 Mr. John Rogers 116.00 Cook, ¢ 49 Mr. Benjamin Dows and 6 Myr. Wm. Levistone and Mr. William Frost 128.00 Mr. Thomas Mears 57.00 50 Mr. Asa Patten and Mr. ~ 7 Myr. Wm. Tarbel, jr. and Oliver Richardson 116.00 .Mr. Thomas Crage 40.75 51 Mr. Jonas Beard and Mr. 8 Mr. Timothy Davis 44.50 William Gleason 115.75 9 Mr. Jonathan Bond 41.75 52 Mr. John Crosby and Mr - 10 Lt. Jeremiah Crosby and Ephraim Crosby, jr. 114.25 Mr. John Bacon 70.25 53 Lt. Sears Cook and Mr. 11 Mz. Timothy Foster 43.25 Edward Fariner, jr. 120.25 12° My. Elijah 'Trull 54.25 54 Edward Farmer, Esq. and 13 Mr. John Bromfield 52.00 Edward Farmer 3d 116.00 14 Mr. Joseph Dows 69.75 55 Mr. Isaac Blanchard 124.00 15 Jonathan Bowers, Esq. 31.25 56 Mr. John Patten | 125.00 16 Mr. William Hill 40.00 57 Isaac Stearns, Esq. 115.00 17 Mr. Joseph Jaquith, jr. 30.50 58 Lieut. Isaac Marshall 115.75 18 Capt. Stephen Parker 32.00 59 Lieut. Jacob Richardson 123.50 19 Mr. Jeptha Manning 31.25 60 Lt. Thomas Richardson 20 Lt. Thos. Richardson and and Lt. Wm. Baldwin 120.25 Lt. William Baldwin 71.00 61 Lieut. John Farmer 103.00 21 Lt. Timothy Stearns 41.00 62 Mr. Benjamin Davis 116.50 22 Mr. Oliver Farmer, jr. and Mr. Joseph Wilson, sr. 70.00 In the Gallery : 23 Mr. Jonathan Hill 70.50 1 Myr. Benjamin Bowers. = 32.25 24 Mr. John Lain 53.25 2 Mr. Nathan Mears 33.00 25 Lt. Timothy Stearns 62.75 3 Mr. Seth Crosby, jr. and 26 Mr. Asa Patten and Mr. Lt. Nehemiah Kittredge 52.25 Oliver Richardson 40.50 The church continued united and prosperous during the long pastorate of Dr. Cumings. A just estimate of his theological atti- tude, in relation to the questions on which the separation among the churches about the time of his death took place, is not easy to reach. Some facts, however, will assist in such an estimate. A pupil of Mr. Emerson, of Hollis, would not fail to hold the views then and after described by the term ‘‘ evangelical,” unless he departed from the position of his teacher; and that Dr. Cumings ever did so there is lack of evidence. On the contrary, the testimony of his grand- daughter, who sat at his feet during the last years of his life, is that he ‘‘held fast” the evangelical doctrines to the end. His published sermons confirm this statement; and it might be illustrated from his unpublished sermons to almost any extent. I give extracts from two sermons, which show his general tone of thought and discussion. The text of the first is Hebrews, v:9; and speaking of the benefit procured for us by Jesus Christ, he says: ‘By this is meant our deliverance from sin and all its penal effects, a deliverance from guilt « RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 265 and condemnation, from wrath to come and the eternal punishments of another world. * Jt is owing to the interposition of divine grace, that we have not before now been made extremely miserable. * This grace we owe, and it is dispensed to us through the mediation of, Jesus Christ. * Christ hath procured eternal salvation for us by the merit of Elis own obedience, suffering, and death, whereby he has procured eternal redemption for us, not only deliverance from y* wrath and curse of God, but eternal life and happiness. When man had by sin ruined and undone himself, Christ was contented to be made a sacrifice for him and to bear his sins in His own body on the tree.” The text of the other sermon is Mark, xiii: 33, and its ‘‘ Doctrine, that a consideration of the uncertainty of the Time when our Lord will call us to Judgment ought to put us upon using the greatest care and Diligence, by Prayer and the most circumspect walk and con- versation, that we may be in a constant preparation to meet Him.” Some of the points made in the treatment of it are as follows: ‘‘We are in this world in a state of Tryal or Probation. * Christ comes to every Individual at death. The Scriptures teach that as soon as the soul leaves the Body, it appears before God and is sentenced to a State of Happiness or Misery. So that the Day of Death is a Period as interesting to every one as the Day of general Judgment ; for the same Sentence that is passed upon every one at Death will be openly and solemnly ratified at the general Assize of the World. Death puts an everlasting Period to our probationary state.” After these and other preliminary statements, the preacher outlines what the vigilant man will do; and undepthe fifth head uses this language : “*The Vigilant Man, as he is put upon watching by a consideration of the Certainty of a Judgment to come and the Uncertainty of the Time when it will come; so, in order, to maintain his Vigilancy, he will frequently represent to his Mind the Solemnity of a future Judgment. And I know of nothing that would tend more to make men watchful and keep them.so, than often to reflect upon the solemnityes of that great Day, when we must all give Account of ourselves to God, which Day will certainly come though we know not the Time of it. A consideration that there is a Day approaching when the Lord Jesus Christ will descend from Heaven, with his mighty Angels, in awful Power and Magnificence, to Judge the World, and that He will then raise the dead and summon the whole human Race from Adam to the latest of his Posterity before his 266 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. glorious Tribunal, and, separating the righteous from the wicked, will, after graciously inviting the former to his heavenly Mansions, pronounce that awful sentence against the latter, ‘ Depart, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels.’ * It will be a joyful or a terrible Day to us, according to our present Behav- ior.” The duty of prayer is then considered, under several heads ; and the sermon closes with fervent and solemn appeals to his hearers. This latter sermon! was first preached, 1775, February 12; was preached eight times elsewhere, and repeated four times in his own pulpit, the last time in 1810. It reflects the unchanged tenor of his late as well as his early preaching. A characteristic tendency of Dr. Cumings’ preaching is to limit his statements of the doctrines of the trinity, of sin, of redemption and retribution, to the language of the Scriptures, seldom interpreting them in phraseology of his own. His sympathies were with the Arminian, rather than with the igh-Calvinistic opinions of his time; but when his colleague was ordained, in 1814, it was understood by the council that he held evangelical opinions. Mr. Stearns, of Bedford, concurred in it for that reason; a fact confirmed on the trial of Mr. Stearns, twenty years later, by Mr. Whitman’s own testimony, that the suspension of exchanges between himself and Mr. Stearns was not due to any change in Mr. Stearns’ opinions.” On the other hand, it is to be remembered, that the church with substantial unanimity accepted the views of the ‘‘liberal” party, under the lead of Mr. Whitman, and that Dr. Cumings’ influence, negative if not positive, must have contributed to this result, He is named with Unitarian ministers in the histories of the period; and, whether any injustice is done to him in this classification is a question on which opinions will differ. In February, 1813, Dr. Cumings preached his Half-Century Sermon. On account of his age and infirmity, he requested a colleague, and the church at once took measures which resulted in the ordination of Mr. Nathaniel Whitman, on, the fifty-first anni- versary of the day when Dr. Cumings had been himself ordained, 1814, January 26. The life of Dr. Cumings was spared for almost ten years longer, and his pastorate extended to nearly sixty-one years, his death occurring, 1823, September 6. From ordination to death his pastorate was about eleven years longer than that of Mr. Whiting, 1 This sermon may be found among the mss. collections of the Congregational Library in Boston. 2 Congregational Quarterly. Vol. X, p. 270. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 267 but in this comparison it should be remembered that Mr. Whiting labored here five years before the cliurch was organized, and the actual difference in the length of their ministry is only six years. To the last Dr. Cumings held the respect and love of the people, and, when the end came, he was buried by the town with reverent affection, the third and the last pastor to whom the town has rendered this service. Mr. Whitman brought high character, scholarship, and, piety to his new position. It should be added to the record elsewhere given, that he was two years an usher at Phillips Academy, Exeter, and there began the study of theology with Dr. Buckminster, of Ports- mouth, completing his course at Cambridge. He was received with great cordiality and considerate kindness by his venerable colleague, and a warm friendship grew up between them. His ordination was attended by a’multitude of people, and the hospitality of the town was full and generous. The sermon was preached by the Rev. James Flint, of Hast Bridgewater; the Rev. Samuel Stearns, of Bedford, gave the Right Hand, and Dr. Cumings the Charge, which were published. Mr. Whitman was a good preacher and active pastor. He established a Bible Society and a Peace Society, as well as the first Sunday School in town, and he used his influence effectively in improving the common schools. His pastorate, however, fell upon a period of agitation and disruption among the churches, when influences which had been gathering force, some of them for a — hundred years, came to a head; and it is scarcely any fault of this worthy man that they culminated in his day and disturbed the peace of his ministry. The discussions which preceded and attended the separation of the Unitarian churches were not the only and scarcely the most serious of the influences which threatened the peace of the local pastors. The practical union of Church and State, which had been naturally inherited from England, and illustrated in all our previous history, as the constable gathered the pastor’s salary, was out of place in the free air of America. With independence the demand for a change grew stronger and stronger; but it involved so serious considerations and was so startling to good but conservative men, that the resistance was long, and many pastors were unsettled in the process. The age of Dr. Cumings and the honor in which he was held delayed its coming in Billerica, and the town collected the salary of Mr. Whitman until 1834. In that year the usual article in the warrant was ‘‘passed” by the town and was not again 268 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. inserted. The parish was then called to meet, and raised somewhat less than the salary, $700, which Mr. Whitman had received. He remained a year longer, and, in 1835, resigned and removed to Wilton, New Hampshire. It may be doubted whether the doctrinal discussions and ecclesi- astical separations had as much to do with terminating Mr. Whitman’s pastorate; but they form a vital part of the history of that period. Here, too, Dr. Cumings’ position, while he lived, held the restless spirit somewhat in check which broke forth so soon after. The questions concerning the trinity, and the divinity of Christ, the nature and results of sin, and the way of salvation, were discussed with great feeling and often with bitterness. Good men sometimes forgot the possible honesty of those who held opinions differing from their own and the charity to which they were entitled, and neighbors were at times estranged. ‘The friends of ‘the old order could not appreciate the force of the convictions which sought change, and those who were striving for change were not always considerate of the feelings or the reasons of those who wished to perpetuate the order of things they liad inherited, and which had worked so satisfactorily for almost two centuries. The efforts to establish another church in the town were met by a protest, which Mr. Whitman embodied in a fast-day sermon, which was printed, and must win respect and sympathy for its author even from those who are not fully persuaded by its argument. He was contending with the inevitable; and, had he now the opportunity, he would not probably desire to replace the ecclesiastical order, which was giving way around him, to his discomfort and alarm. Among the complaints which were made against Mr. Whitman, one was that he would not exchange with neighboring Universalist ministers; and in his farewell sermon he defended the propriety of his course, expressing his willingness to exchange with ministers who were in sympathy with the covenant of his church, and quoting from that covenant language which those who approved the doctrine of non-retribution could not accept. This covenant affirmed their faith, ® ‘* particularly in the great doctrines of our Fall in Adam and recovery by Jesus Christ, of the pardon of sin, and salvation on condition of Faith and Repentance, and of the influence and aid of Divine Grace, promised to those who ask; * of the Resurrection 31 am indebted to Mr. F. P. Hill for a Ms. sketch of Mr. Whitman, from which I have drawn freely. “HOUNHD Lslld va ap . Ja RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 269 of the dead, a final Judgment, and of a future state of Retribu- tions.” Ministers whose preaching was in direct opposition to this covenant he could not consistently permit to occupy his pulpit. Mr. Whitman was dismissed, 1835, March 30, and was succeeded by Rev. William E. Abbot, who was ordained, 1837, February 8, and dismissed, 1839, February 10. Mr. Abbot was graduated at Bowdoin College, 1830, and at Harvard Theological School, in 1833. The next pastor was Rev. Theodore Haskell Dorr, a graduate of Harvard College, in 1835, and Theological School, in 1838. He was ordained, 1839, May 28, and dismissed, 1843, May 28. Succeeding ministers have with one exception received no formal installation. Their names and dates of service are as follows: James Thurston, 1844, November 15-1850, May 15. Samuel Pettes, 1850, June 16- 1855, May 14. Nathaniel O. Chaffin, 1855, June 17-1857, May 10. Norwood Damon, 1857-60. Livingston Stone, 1861-62. James Gallaway, installed, 1863, January 28-1865. Christopher Coftin Hussey, 1866, October 1, who is still in charge. In 1844 the meeting-house was moved, and turned half around to face the east; but it was allowed to retain its primitive structure and graceful spire, which form a landmark visible from afar. The longer ministry of Mr. Hussey has witnessed improvement in several directions. In 1879 a fund of $10,000 was contributed by several members of the society, the interest of which only can be used to support preaching. The conditions of the gift are that the minister’s salary be kept at a specified rate, and that the preaching be distinct- ively Unitarian. In 1881 a house was bought for a parsonage, and so fully repaired as to make it substantially a new, as well as pleasant and convenient, home.for the minister. It stands on the east side of the street, one door north of Andover Street, having been the home of Mr. W. H. Blanchard and previously of Marshall Preston. Tue First Baprisr Cuurcn was the earliest separate organiza- tion, after the First Church had for one hundred and sixty-five years existed alone in the town. There were Baptists here at an early day, William Hamlet at least and probably George Farley; and a letter from Hamlet relating to the early troubles is published by Backus, the Baptist historian. But the number did not increase until after the Revolution, when the tendency to resist payment of ‘‘ minister’s rates” had influence in increasing the number of Baptists. Not long after the death of Dr. Cumings, they had become numerous and strong enough for organization. Meetings were first held in the 270 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. school-house near the Fordway, in the spring of 1828. A church was organized, 1828, September 30, and recognized by Council, October 9. It consisted of twenty members, of whom thirteen were dismissed from the South Chelmsford Church. The first deacons were Joseph Dows and Amos Spaulding. Their successors have been Edward Spaulding, George C. Gilman, John C. Hobbs, and Francis E. Manley. The list of its ministers is as follows, omitting students and others who served for shorter periods : — Otis Wing. 1829, March, to 1830. March. Jedediah W. Sargent, ordained, 1835, January 14, to 1837, January. Jonathan E. Forbush, 1837, March-1838, August. Warren Cooper, 1838, October-1839, October. George W. Randall, ordained, 1841, February 18-1842, May. Benjamin Knight, 1842, May-1849, April; and 1857, Feb.- 1860, Jan. Benjamin Putnam, 1845, June; died, 1850, December 21, aged 62. Zenas P. Wilde, 1851, April-1853, April. Homer Sears, 1854, January—1856, January. Thomas C. Russell, 1860, August—1863, March. John D. Sweet, ordained, 1863, October 21-1868, March. Clifton Fletcher, 1869, February-1875, July. William H. Fish, ordained, 1875, December 30-1877, June. Robert M. Neil, (alias O’Neil or McNeil), 1877, October-1878, July. ‘* Dis- missed from the fellowship of the church and ministry.” Edward T. Lyford, 1879, May. The first meeting-house stood on the east side of Concord River, very near the middle bridge. The frame was raised, 1830, Novem- ber 30, and the house was dedicated, 1831, September 14. It was fifty feet long, forty feet wide, had forty-eight pews, and would seat three hundred people. In the spring of 1844 it was removed to its present location in the village, on Bedford Street. A bell was pro- cured in 1872, and in 1877 it received an addition of a convenient chapel, as appears in the illustration. ‘ Tue ConGrREGATIONAL CuurcH was organized, 1829, April 30, a society having been formed, January 17. This was a more direct result of the theological controversy, and of the ecclesiastical sepa- rations, which were still agitating the Massachusetts churches; and the presence of Dr. Lyman Beecher, as Moderator of the Council which organized the church, was a significant expression of the 4A Semi-Centennial Address, by Rev. Clifton Fletcher, has been published, giving full and interesting details of the history of this church. x SN . Weve” CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 271 general interest in this and similar movements. The unity and strength of the First Church was, however, less affected by the separation, in Billerica, than in many towns. The number of its members who did not sympathize with, or yield to, the Unitarian position of the church was small. Two women, Huldah Blake and Martha Bowers, entered! a protest, 1820, October 8. They affirm their belief in the true and proper deity of Jesus Christ, in the atonement, in the entire depravity of unregenerate men, and their need of supernatural grace to fit them for the happiness of heaven ; and generally in the doctrines of the Westminster Confession and Catechism. With these views they believed their pastor and many of their brethren in the church did not agree; and they therefore asked the favor of a regular dismission. This the church, affirming the right and duty of each individual to be guided by his own con- science, granted. No other dismissions for this reason are recorded, and not more than four or five members of the First Church ever joined the new Congregational Church, which began with twenty-five members. The meeting-house, on Andover Street, 6040 feet, was raised, October 28, and dedicated, 1830, January 13. The record of its ministers has been as follows :— John Starkweather, ordained, 1830, April 22; dismissed, 1831, August 2. Isaac Jones, acting pastor, 1832, July—1834, April. Joseph Haven, installed, 1836, June 8; dismissed, 1840, September 27. Benjamin Ela, ordained, 1841, April 29; dismissed. 1842, May. Jesse G. D. Stearns, ordained, 1843, May 29; dismissed, 1867, May 8. John P. Cleaveland, D.D., acting pastor, 1867470. Evarts B. Kent, acting pastor, 1870-71. John M. Lord, acting pastor, 1871-72. Henry A. Hazen, installed, 1874, May 21; dismissed, 1879, May 4. John Haskell, acting pastor, 1879, May-—1881, October. Charles C. Torrey, acting pastor, 1881, November. The long and faithful pastorate of Mr. Stearns deserves especial recognition. Record of his descent from Billerica ancestry may be found elsewhere, (see Stearns, 8). A scholar of exceptional diligence and culture, modest and devout, and active in every good word and work, he commended himself to the citizens of the town as well as to his own charge. As teacher of a useful private school, and superintendent of the schools of the town, he exerted no little influence, and represented the town in the Legislature. The deacons of this church have been William Gleason, Aaron Patten, Edward Wright, Samuel H. King, and Moses P. Greenwood. ‘i 272 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. A Universaist Socrety was formed, 1842, January 10, and a meeting-house erected the same year. It stood on the north side of West Street, where the school-house now stands. In 1868 it was sold to the Roman Catholics and removed to North Billerica, where it, is still in use by that society. ‘The ministers of this church were Rev. Varnum Lincoln, ordained, 1848, September 8; Rev. L. P. Landers, of West Cambridge, 1845-47; Rev. George Proctor, 1847-538, and again, 1855-63; Rev. P. Hersey, 1853-55; and Rev. R. M. Byram. A Roman Catuoric Sociery was organized and purchased the Universalist Church in 1868. It has prospered and the number of its communicants is large. The priests who have been in charge come from Lowell, and no record of their names or Cates of service has been furnished. ‘The youngest church in the town is the Baptist Church, at North Billerica, which was organized, 1869, May 14, receiving twenty-two members from the Centre Church. Its pleasant meeting-house was a gift from the Hon. Thomas Talbot; built in 1870, and dedicated, 1871, January 19. Its pastors have been William M. Ross, 1869, June 2; Nathaniel L. Colby, ordained, 1872, July 2; and William A. Farren, ordained, 1879, September 24. Sen>— a ee wee “J —=s 1 i NORTH BILLERICA. BAPTIST CHURCH, CHAPTER XVI. CANAL, TURNPIKE, AND RAILROADS. Tue early roads were often called paths. and the name describes them. Carts could pass over the better roads, but many were pass- able only on horseback or on foot. Wagons were unknown. The earliest chaise was owned in town not much, if any, before 1800, and marked the aristocracy of the few who could afford such luxury. The first great improvement in the means of transportation was the Middlesex Canal. This first important canal in America passed through Billerica, and its path is still to be seen at many points. The company was incorporated in June, 1793, to connect the Merri- mack with the Mystic and Charles rivers, and save the trade of New Hampshire to Boston. The preliminary surveys consumed more than a year, and ground was first broken at Billerica ‘‘ Mills” in the spring of 1795. At this point the Concord River is one hundred and nine feet above tide-water in Boston Harbor and twenty-five feet above the Merrimack, which the canal reached at its most southerly bend, about a mile above Pawtucket Falls. The canal was 27 miles long, 30 feet wide, and 3 feet deep. It was navigable to the Charles River, in 1803; but its income was absorbed for years in alterations and repairs, and no dividend was declared until 1819. One hundred assessments were laid upon stockholders, and the cost of shares, including interest, was $1455.25; the total cost of the canal being $1,164,200. From 1819 to 18438, dividends were paid, amounting to $504 per share. The receipts then fell below the expenses; in 1851 the charter was surrendered, and in 1852 the canal was sold in sections, owners of adjoining lands being generally the purchasers. The charter was farther declared forfeited in 1859. The proprietors complained that the railroad had been permitted to damage their 1See Lowell Contributions, etc. Vol. I, p. 254. 274 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. chartered rights without indemnity, but they had no redress. The chief design of the canal was to carry freight, but a packet-boat for passengers was run daily, at a speed of four miles per hour, the fare from Lowell to Boston being fifty cents. That the canal did not very essentially affect the life of the town is shown by the fact that all its carrying from Boston to Billerica did not exceed $200 per year. The Middlesex Turnpike was an enterprise of significance in its day. It was chartered in June, 1805. Ebenezer Bridge and James Abbot being among its corporators. Its route extended from Tyngs- borough to Medford and Cambridge. The line at first was to pass Billerica ineeting-house; but, in 1806, the route was changed, by permission of the General Court, from a point in Bedford, crossing Nutting’s Pond, to Buisket bridge in Tyngsborough. Some lack of friendly co-operation in Billerica may have influenced this change, and the managers were ambitious to make their great road as near an air-line as possible. Hills and ponds must not stand in their way, and they accordingly followed a route straight through the town, crossing Concord River a mile above the centre bridge, and leaving the village as far one side. This line would attract very little local _ travel and support, and experience soon proved that the visions of a great through travel and traffic were delusive. The canal and the railroad left little for the turnpike, and its charter was repealed in 1841. The unfortunate proprietors of the Middlesex Turnpike were not without some very sound reasons for their faith. Those were the days of teams and stages, and the business which they brought through this town was a notable feature of its life. Much of the traffic of western New Hampshire and Vermont with Salem and Boston passed through Billerica. The teaming was of two kinds. There was a class of professional teamsters, who drove large wagons, drawn by four, six, or eight horses, serving the merchants of the up- country. The memory of some of these men, like Thomas Dutton, of Hartford, Vermont, whose team always rested on the Sabbath, still lingers along the route. Wool, butter, cheese, and whatever sought the market would furnish the loads, while salt, molasses, dry goods, rum, and all the varieties kept by the miscellaneous ‘country store” were taken on the return. Another class of teams probably more numerous, though smaller, was driven by farmers, who took a trip or two yearly to market, carrying their own produce, beef, pork, or whatever they had to sell, and returning with articles for home consumption or for the merchants. CANAL, TURNPIKE, AND RAILROADS. OW5 The stages also entered largely into the life of that period. ‘*The first stage-coach passed through Billerica about 1795. It was a two-horse, covered vehicle, owned and driven by Mr. Joseph Wheat, and ran from Amherst, N. H., to Boston and back again, once a week. It stopped at Billerica over night, making the trip in about four days. The same team performed all the journey.”? The business increased. In 1803 the stage from Boston to Amherst set off from King’s Inn every Wednesday and Saturday, leaving at 5 A.M. and arriving at 7 p.M., returning Mondays and Thursdays at the same hours. For several years before the opening of the Boston and Lowell Railroad from twelve to sixteen stages passed daily through Billerica, Sundays excepted. After work was begun on the new mills at East Chelmsford, in 1821, Mr. Richardson, who kept a hotel at the ‘‘Corner,” sent a hack Mondays and Saturdays to accommodate gentlemen who wished to connect with the Amherst stage at that point. Lowell could hardly be served in that way now ! All this staging and “teaming made a demand for taverns, which were numerous and busy. There were two, and sometimes three, in the village: one or two at the Corner, and the Manning Tavern on the Chelmsford Road; and these were not all. Men and beasts must be provided for, and this provision often suggests Falstaff’s ‘¢intolerable deal of sack,” as one reads the items in old ledgers. But canal and turnpike gave way to a more revolutionary im- provement. The Granite Railway to Quincy was chartered in 1826, and did its first work in 1827 in carrying granite for Bunker Hill Monument. The sagacious men who were laying the foundations of Lowell saw that the railway was what their enterprise needed, and the Boston and Lowell Railroad was chartered in June, 1830. The railroads to Worcester and Providence were chartered soon after, and were opened to Newton in April and to Readville in June, 1834. A year later, 1835, June 25, the Boston and Lowell Railroad was opened. Two days after, its first advertisement appears, as follows : “The Cars will continue to run till farther notice as at present, viz..: Leave Lowell at 6 A.M. & 24 P.M. Leave Boston at 9 A.M. & 5§ P.M. No baggage can be taken, except what belongs to passengers. Allowance to each, 40 pounds. As soon as Burthen cars can be provided, notice will be given for the transportation of merchandise. Tickets may be had at the depot, corner Leverett and Brighton streets. Price, $1.00. “GEORGE M. DEXTER, Agent.” 2 Bi-Centennial, p. 152, (note). 276 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. The contrast is great between the four trains of 1835 and the twenty-five passenger trains of 1882, with almost as many more for freight. Then they must start from Lowell; now they may come from San Francisco. But the benefit which the railroad brought to Billerica has been much less than it would have been if it had followed a more direct line, through Woburn, and passing between the village and Fox Hill. Such a route would have made the pleasant, high lands on which the village is located a very accessible and attractive suburb of Boston, and with the growth of both Lowell and Boston, Billerica might have shared. But some feared and repelled the railroad; others, more sagacious, saw its benefits and sought its location on ‘a more northerly route; and the growth of the village has been hindered by its distance from the stations. Relief for this difficulty has been sought in various directions, and once it seemed to be secured; in fact it was secured for a few months, until a hopeful enterprise ended in disastrous failure. The story of the Billerica and Bedford Narrow-Gauge Railroad is not a pleasant one, but must be here briefly told. In 1875, George E. Mansfield, of Boston, came to Billerica with plans and proposals for building a railroad, of a two-foot gauge, from Bedford to North Billerica. A road of fourteen miles’ length in Wales, The Festiniog, had shown the practicability of a line so narrow, but none had ever been built in this country. Discussion resulted in a charter, and a company was organized, 1876, May 10, Capt. Charles A. Ranlett being its president. Subscriptions and surveys required some months, and ground was broken, with much enthusiasm, September 6. The construction of the line took more than a year, and it was opened in the autumn of 1877. Its equipment consisted of two locomotives, ‘‘ Ariel” and ‘‘ Puck,” two passenger cars, two ‘‘excursion” cars, and a few others. The novelty of its narrow track and cheap construction attracted much attention. People came to see its working, and the ‘‘Scientific American” published, 1878, March 16, an article describing its construction, with an illustration of its engines. For a few months the village enjoyed railroad facilities, and so far as the feasibility of the working experiment went, the road was a success. Its failure came from financial causes. The estimated cost was $50,000, or $8000 per mile; but, in the ‘Scientific American” article, its projector puts its cost when completed at over $60,000. On the other hand, a portion of its subscription proved unsound or fraudulent and the road CANAL, TURNPIKE, AND RAILROADS. ONT began operations under a heavy burden of debt. Starting in this unfortunate condition, and hardly at the outset earning its running expenses, the directors were unable to finish its connections and equipment, or, by patient and successful running, win the confidence of the public and test the question, in which some of them never lost faith, whether such a road could become pecuniarily profitable. Under its burden of debt, the road was thrown into bankruptcy and assignees took possession, the personal property being sold, 1878, June 6, for $9000. The town, which had subscribed originally and paid $12,000, was urged to aid farther, but declined to do so; and individuals were not ready to undertake the financial experiment. Meanwhile, the Sandy River Railroad, in Maine, had built a similar line, north from Farmington. This company purchased the equip- ments of the Billerica and Bedford Railroad; and there they are still in use with more success. Time is rapidly obliterating the roadway through the town, and the children of coming generations may listen with some doubt to the story, that their fathers did once have such a railroad and regular trains running from Billerica to Bedford ; and that merry school-children went shouting on excursions éver the route. That such was the fact the historian can testify, with emotions in which amusement, chagrin, and regret are mingled. ) (eEeaS) Care (werean)) = (Renae) feeanes) le MANY TIOAVA “TTIW MILLS.— MANUFACTURES. 279 Engage to secure and defend the Town of Billerica from any trouble and charge that may arise for damage that may be don to the meadows of the Towns aboue us by said mill-dam; the said land is given & granted to the said Christopher Osgood and his heirs (by the Town of Billerica) so long as he and they shall maintain a good grist mill at said place, and when said mill ceases, the said land shall Return to the said town of Billerica.” The following action has interest in this connection : — ‘*March 27,1710. It was voted, that the Town of Billerica will defend Mr. Christopher Osgood froin bearing any charge of the damage in flowing Dr. Toothacher’s medow by his mill-dam, said Osgood engaging for him- self & his sucksessors that the said stream that was granted to him shall return with the land to the said ‘Town of Billerica, when the said inill ceaseth, which he holds said land and stream by: passed in the affirmative. Jonathan Bacon, Josiah Bacon, & Josiah Fassett entered their desent against y® uoat aboue written.” ‘*March 9, 1710-11. at a meeting of the proprietors on the east of Concord River, there was Granted to Dr. Roger Toothacher all the land on the east side of the highway leading to his house, that belonged to Farley’s and Marshall’s lots, for full Recompense and in Exchange for his medow lot, flow'd by Mr. Osgood’s mill.” Mr. Osgood built and maintained a grist-mill and saw-mill. He probably acquired by purchase the land on the north side, which was not included in the grant; for his son Christopher, in 1747, sold this to Joseph Ruggles with right to use water for a fulling-mill, when there was more than was needed for Osgood’s mills. In 1748, Mr. Osgood’s executor sold his mill privilege to Nicholas Sprake for £1500, who in turn sold to William Kidder. In 1759, John Carleton came from Bradford and purchased of Kidder what was then described as two-thirds of the privilege, Mr. Ruggles’ right being recognized as one-third. Whether Ruggles sold to Carleton, I am not able to say, nor whether Thomas Richardson acquired his title of Carleton or of some later owner; but after the Revolution the mills were known as ‘‘ Richardson’s,” and the Middlesex Canal Company purchased of him, 1794, March 25, the title, which was held for the use of the canal until 1851, September 22, when it was sold for $20,000 to Charles P. and Thomas Talbot, its present proprietors. These gentlemen were released, by vote of the town, 1864, March 7, from the obligation to maintain a grist-mill, contained in the Osgood grant, the town judging, no doubt correctly, that the use of the water power in their extensive manufacturing would be a greater public benefit than the grist-mill. 280 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Prior to this action, the owners of the water power had prose- cuted successfully before the Legislature a contest with the towns of Wayland, Sudbury, Concord, Bedford, and Carlisle, and the owners of meadows above on the river. The latter had petitioned the Legislature in 1859, claiming that the dam had been raised and was maintained at a height which damaged the meadows and reduced’ their value, and they asked for redress. A joint committee heard both parties at length, and the petitions, arguments, and documents were published in a report, (House Doc., No. 100, 1860). The result was not conclusive and, in 1861, commissioners were appointed by the Legislature, to investigate, make experiments, and determine whether the dam affected the meadows -in the towns above. To this end, thirty-four stations were established along the river, and observations were carefully recorded for two months from 27 July, 1861, the effect of various heights of water at the dam being tested. The observations and report were published, (House Doc., No. 1, 1862). The general conclusion was that ‘‘the dam at North Billerica is not the only nor the chief cause of the wet state of the meadows above. The bars across the-stream, especially the Fordway bar ; the weeds filling the channel in many places, often for long distances ; the discharge into the river during summer of water stored in reser- voirs and mill-ponds upon the Sudbury and Assabet and _ their tributaries, in their combined effect do far more damage to the meadows than the Billerica dam.” They say that the effect of the dam becomes inappreciable at Robbins bar, and its entire removal would not affect the upper meadows ; that effectual relief could come to the meadows only by reducing the dam thirty-three inches or more, cutting out the Fordway and other bars, deepening the shallow places, straightening the channel at some points, and keeping the river free from weeds. This programme was more extensive than the Legislature felt itself called upon to. undertake, especially as it was proved that similar trouble and complaint had been chronic from the first settlement of the country. In 1811, Francis Faulkner came from Acton and began the man- ufacture of woolen goods. It was the second enterprise of this class in New England, Abraham Marland being the pioneer, who began at Andover in 1810. Mr. Faulkner soon purchased of the Canal Company the secondary water privilege, like that which had belonged to Joseph Ruggles. He could draw water until it was ‘‘ threesquarters of an inch below the top of the dam and flash-boards,” when’ he must ITIK LOAIVI MILLS.— MANUFACTURES. 281 close his gates, under a penalty of one dollar for every half-hour they were left open. By his thrift, skill, and enterprise, Mr. Faulkner made his business very successful, and transmitted it to his sons. The firm name is still ‘J. R. Faulkner & Co.,” and his grandson, Mr. Richard Faulkner, is the agent now in charge of its business. From a modest beginning with a single set of cards the business has increased until eight sets are in use, employing seventy-two hands. The monthly pay-roll is about $2500. Mr. Charles P. Talbot came to Billerica in 1839 and was soon joined by his brother Thomas in laying the foundations of their extensive and successful enterprise. The dyewood-mill was their earliest undertaking, for which they hired a building of the Canal Company. In 1844 they bought the saw-mill of Nathaniel Stearns, on the northeast side, and used it for the dyewood business until it was burned, in 1853. They then sold this site to Mr. Faulkner, having purchased the prior and larger rights of the Canal Company on the other side of the stream. There they rebuilt the dyewood- mill, which is still in vigorous operation; and, in 1857, they built their woolen-mill. This at first had eight sets of cards; six were added in 1870 and as many in 1880. Two hundred hands are now employed, and the monthly pay-roll is $7000. In 1849, the Messrs. Talbot began their chemical works, which were at first in a building near the depot, but removed later to their present location, sixty rods farther east, by the railroad. These now employ sixteen hands, and produce a daily average of five tons oil of vitriol, one ton of blue vitriol, and as much muriatic acid. The next most important manufacturing enterprise was begun soon after 1830, in the south part of the town, by Jonathan Hill, Esq. Its specialty was, and still is, a useful machine for splitting leather, invented and patented by Samuel Parker, (see 19). This machine has had a very wide sale in this and in other countries, ‘being almost indispensable in the manufacture of leather. The business was sold, in 1853, to Mr. Charles H. Hill, who continues it with much success. In 1875, the value of the work done was $28,000. , In the east part of the town where there had long been a saw- mill, on Content Brook, Theophilus Manning had also a grist-mill. He sold both, in 1825, to Dea. Aaron H. Patten, who began, in 1845, the manufacture of cabinet-work. The business grew to considerable proportions, and Pattenville became a definite local name in town. 282 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. The business reached a value of $20,000 to $30,000 per year, and was continued by his sons; but, in the financial depression of 1874-78, it suffered, and the shops were sold, in 1879, to Walter J. Pettingell, who has carried on business, making tanks, until the mill was burned, January, 1882. Most recent is the growth’ of an extensive glue factory, which was commenced in 1567 by the Jaquith Brothers, near the old bridge of the Middlesex Turnpike. It has been quite prosperous, doing a business amounting to nearly $15,000 annually. For many years the Winnings maintained a saw-mill on the brook running from Winning’s Pond; and there has long been a saw-mill, now owned by Mr. John O. Richardson, on Content Brook, near the railroad station at East Billerica. é CHAPTER XVIII. BILLERICA IN THE REBELLION. Or the part which this town took in the War of 1812, and in * the Mexican War, the town and State archives contain no record. Probably Billerica had soldiers in both, but the number was small, and the scenes of action were too remote to leave any distinct impression. Far otherwise was it in the great Secession contest. When the life of the nation was assailed by the Southern uprising, the people all felt the blow and the danger, and the towns asserted their vital relations to the conflict as they did in the Revolutionary contest, to the disturbance of British councils. No one who expe- rienced it can ever forget the thrill of patriotic emotion which went through the North when Sumter was assailed and President Lincoln called for fifty thousand volunteers to defend the Union. Public meetings, enlistments, and aid societies and labors engrossed the public mind. In Billerica the town hall was, thrown open, the church bell, aided by the drum and an old ship-gun, sounding the call to meetings for action and organization. John A. Burrows and Charles N. Fletcher were the first soldiers mustered from Billerica. The number increased rapidly. Richardson’s Light Infantry, of Lowell, afterwards the Seventh Light Battery, and the first’ three-years company in the field from Massachusetts, visited the town for a reception and a drill; as did a rifle company. Albert EK. Farmer, who was taken prisoner at Bull Run and died in Richmond, was the first soldier from Billerica to fall. In 1862, after the defeat of McClellan, the call for troops was responded to by a town meeting and the offer of a bounty for enlistments. They were easily obtained, and the town’s quota was mustered into the Thirty-Third Regiment. An interesting meeting was held in the town hall the night before their departure. A call for nine-months men followed, and after the supposed quota had been filled it was found that more men were 984. HISTORY OF BILLERICA. needed, and town meetings and bounties were again called into requisition. In the summer of 1863 came the first draft, with but small results from this town. In the autumn efforts for volunteers were renewed, and a considerable number of veterans whose three- years term would expire in 1864 re-enlisted ‘‘for the war.” These brave men, who after so long and severe a term of service were ready to rededicate themselves to the great work, should be held in especial honor, and their names can be traced in the list below. In the summer of 1864 came a second draft quite as meagre in results as the first, for only two men from Billerica were accepted. Other calls were filled by such volunteers as could be secured in town or beyond, and large bounties were paid. The news of victory and peace filled the land with joy in the spring of 1865, and though a deep shadow followed with the assassi- nation of the beloved Lincoln, the substantial fruits remained. The returning veterans were welcomed on the Fourth of July at a picnic in the grove by Concord River near the middle bridge. . The exercises were hearty and impressive, including an address of welcome by Dr. Frank E. Bundy. In farther testimony to the valor of her soldiers and the memory of her dead, the town has erected an appropriate monument. It stands upon the Common, and a good picture of it is here given. It is a shaft of white granite, six feet square at the base and twenty-five feet high. The shaft is crowned with the figure of a soldier, in easy position, with musket at rest. In raised letters are inscribed the names ‘‘ Petersburg,” ‘‘ Gettysburg,” ‘‘ Newbern,” ‘Lookout Mountain,” ‘‘Bull Run,” ‘*Chancellorsville,” ‘Baton Rouge,” and ‘‘Cedar Mountain.” A carved: eagle surmounts a shield, and upon the pedestal is the inscription: ‘Billerica to her heroes, in grateful recognition of that steadfastness of purpose, devotion to principle, loyalty to country, and trust in God, which enabled men to die for Liberty and Union.” On the east and west sides are the names of twenty dead soldiers : — ‘« Adams, Edward A. Huse, Edwin W. Buckley, Dennis Locke, Ward Collins, William S. Maxwell, Thomas H. Edmands, James F. Parker, Stephen H. Farmer, Albert E. Patten, Asa John Fletcher, Charles N. Richardson, Joseph F. Gilman, George C. Saunders, Charles A. Gilman, Reuben J, Shields, James Hanaford, Franklin Shumway, Pollard R. Hayes, William Stewart, John C.” SOLDIERS’ MONUMENT. BILLERICA IN THE REBELLION. 985 Four other names will be found in the ensuing list which would properly have been inscribed with their comrades’ upon the monu- ment. It is due to them that they be honorably mentioned here :— Davis, Hiram FE. Persons, Epwarp H. NEwsury, HENRY TUTTLE, CALVIN G. The monument was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies and in the presence of a vast assemblage, Wednesday, 8 October, 1873. Hon. Thomas Talbot presided; the prayer of dedication was offered by Rev. Mr. Hussey, and an oration given by Col. Russel H. Con- well, of Boston. Governor Washburn, Hon. E. R. Hoar, of Concord, ex-Goy. Onslow Stearns, of New Hampshire, a son of Billerica, and others participated in the exercises, which were held in a mammoth tent south of the monument. RECORD OF SOLDIERS AND SAILORS FROM BILLERICA IN THE WAR OF REBELLION, 1861-65. {NoTE, — The first column after name gives date of muster; the second, the company and regiment (of Massachusetts Volunteers, if not otherwise stated); the third, the end of service, which is by regular discharge, unless specified; and “dis.” signifies disability. A star (“) denotes death; alone, death in battle, or in a few days; a star with “w.” (*w.), death from wounds; and with ‘‘d.” (*d.), death from disease contracted in the army. The length of service in months follows. In the last column, “Re.” indicates a discharge and reénlistment; and in cases of promotion the rank is indicated; and where more than one promotion took place, the highest is given, others being implied. Two or three of these men from Billerica enlisted from other towns. ‘This list of names has been prepared with great care by Mr. Franklin Jaquith. It is gathered primarily from the Town Records, with only such insertions as evidence demanded. Some other names, gleaned from the Adjutant- General’s Records but not found in Town Records, are added in a supplementary list. That no errors or omissions will be found is too much to hope. For the arrangement and items of the table, Mr. Jaquith is not responsible. ] HISTORY OF BILLERICA. 286 Soe foal" EGE EATIO cis *g Arenuer ‘¢9, ‘poystjusey | eg "g ATUL “99, “W908 ‘CL| “FZ TOQWIZAON ‘TH, PLLA pA ‘AapWI0D "480 UITT 09 poatoysuvay,| st “FT ABT “C9, “MA9L “| “ST taqumoaoN ‘gg, evyoryy *£o.1u09 “B.ngs.10}2g IV | 9€ “08 Aine ‘$9, « “UGE “A "9% ISNSNY ‘Tg, “S MRITEM ‘SUITTOO 9€ "28 AqNE ‘F9, “M91 ‘a "el Arne ‘19, "S PALLY *SUrlOD 6 “¢ aune ‘gg, “199 “H ‘Te isneny ‘Z9, PRY T ‘sMo.Ling, ‘G doquiezdeg ‘19, ‘peistuaey| 6L | “ST aqmeaeq ‘zg,*sip *s.19j00Ys8-davyg ‘of Tidy ‘19, “Vv _ayor ‘smMo.ing, “Ayiqesiq | 9 “gy Arvniqaq ‘9, “pee ‘a ‘e qsnsny ‘29, ‘J 981004 ‘smoung “AOTIVS Jovy, ‘suing “Ayiqesiq| 1 ‘1G Toqmiadaq ‘19, “UIST ‘O] “EL TaquMaAON ‘19, ‘[PpAvag “yuRq.ing ~qoued pue yymg "gq ‘Tsdiyg| or “ATO L *E9, : “TOURS ‘Z JsnNsNV ‘zg, “9 ive ‘rangng “3008 ] j 6 ‘g oune ‘9, “499 ‘M ‘Tg snsny ‘zg, uyor *Aayyong *F AVI “C9. 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"ce ABW "19, “+g laquieydag ‘Tg, "6L tequraneq ‘Eg, ‘og Avy ‘FO “g qsnony ‘FO, “LE ISNSNY ZO, ‘FL laquiaoaq ‘E9, *g aaquieydag ‘Tg, “ST oune ‘19, ‘oT Apne ‘$9, “SI AINE “19, aqso ‘Wey ‘Hl 9s.i004) ‘alvyyT “af ‘uyor ‘Aer Juyor ‘Aer "g UyoOR ‘UTpABTy *g 28.1004) ‘savy “M 281004 ‘S8R.L9 "ep UyoOL ‘waeYytOy “Ws ad100y) ‘wIVytox) *f Waqney ‘ae “al “C9 a8109H ‘avUI[LD BSPLIQLy ‘ed10ex) ‘dC [ouvyyeNn ‘1eysog “AM es10945) “Ysnq10,7 ‘g uolkg ‘pAopy ‘T ayor ‘AatoyoT "H preampy ‘1ayo99],7 “N SOTVYD “yore “d UYOL *1eqshT “TT poly *1001e "H yURry ‘rowary BCRACUIAABRCLUACOE “M UlOR ‘xossy "W Yydesor ‘uosr8uINT “WT SOUR EP ‘spuvUpTy *y Aruay ‘uoyng "d Wray ‘wong ‘WW Uyor ‘slavqg “WT Wen ‘saad *M Udasoe ‘yytoyaeq ydasog ‘aueq ‘9 uyor ‘ATpurg “T query ‘Aqsotg query ‘Aapoag “WW snoaeyy ‘ATpPMOO HISTORY OF BILLERICA. 288 “AroqVeg YI9 0} patseysuBsy, *poytosoq “SUVILTO AION UL ‘9 Arenuve “yg, ‘payst{m9ey 6 Arenuee ‘9, ‘poyst[usexy *Te1od.109 ‘passtwsiq : Rs “YSNOLANY uo ‘VdLIaT [Iq Ul x "6% Joquianag. ‘gg, ‘peystTusey “AITIG EST, “UVISSBOIT UO *d1 PUB “SIC. ‘YSNoANy UO ‘VoEaT [Ig UL» *T Arenuee ‘9, ‘peystpaseyy “SIoaqUN[OA *S* IST “IAL FNOYOO'T Je papuno MA *poWlesep puv paystpmeer] “VOLT [IG Ul ‘T ouNE ‘F9, "DP x "L qsnony ‘cg, “pasnany ‘eg, 0 ‘6 Taquieqdag ‘zg, 6 ‘TS oun’ ‘EO, FE | “OL Teqmeaon ‘eg, SF “Gg JsNSNY ‘e9,° 6 *T taqmeydeg ‘go, 01 ‘st ABW ‘FO, 9T | “LT toquteson ‘eg, 9€ "€ 190990 ‘F9, 6 “ST oung ‘gg, re “LL oune ‘eg, 1g 6 [dy ‘F9; 6F “FT Aine ‘eg, LG "| Arenigead ‘F9, 06 ‘or Aine ‘e9, L& TL Indy ‘F9, 18 | “ST taquiaoeq ‘F9, SP 9% JSNANY ‘eg, 6L | “2% toquaaon ‘eg, F | “OT Toquiaaon ‘Fg, SL | ‘9 Ateniqag ‘Fg, ¥E “IT oung ‘cg, 8% ‘TT Arenaee ‘F9, 98 "0% ABN ‘FO, 98 “2@ Ang ‘FO, P *F Tidy ‘$9, * ‘Px “stp ‘De “sip “sip “£1049 UIST “Alaqye_ Wel “419 ‘ “yq08 ‘OD “AOE UL "1168 “4 “WIL “OD “pes ‘o “S109 "Sot “JOA “ATTVARD ISL “W “UIE I “pes ‘dd “U966 ‘A “ABD “AN PG “HHIT SO “ya0€ ‘a "439 °M “y308 ‘A “LOTIRG “qe “CO “Y99G “OL ‘u09sIMG “TIS “VW “pes ‘a “qnoTPOVUUOYD IG “pes ‘a “"TI6E “EL “SLT “UIST “9D “ATV WSL *6Z Jaqumao.eq ‘29, “8Z Jaquiadaq ‘E9, ‘Te Isnsny ‘79, "9% Taquiaydag ‘Tg, "1 ABN ‘19. ‘9% IsNSNY ‘19, "TE 10q0990 ‘ZO, “g snsny ‘gg. "se AINE “FO. "8% Taquiaydag ‘19, “OL leqmeydag ‘zg, "g gsn.sny ‘Z9, "9% JsNNY ‘19, ‘6 ISNSNY ‘FY, “eT oune ‘19, “FG 10G0900 "1g IsNSNY “zg, *, Arenuve ‘Zo, "S YB “P9, “FZ JaqulasoN -‘ 19, *g 1aquiaqydag ‘T9, ‘0¢ Ldy ‘#9, “eT Aine ‘F9, *g Jsnsny ‘ZO, a © ‘g snsny ‘Zo, ‘9G JSNSNY ‘1%, "et ABW ‘19, “er Ate ‘19 “6 taquiaoaqq ‘Eg, youyeg ‘Aauuayoye svMOyy, ‘AWBOQOPL uyor ‘AyeQo “H sewoyy, ‘TeMxeyl *q o2zu0Ty ‘[reysae yy suwmoyy, ‘suLuUe_y ‘W opurpig ‘sure ULMpY ‘SuraUeyy SoLIVYL) ‘UBISNBOVPL W Upyuery ‘puny “y soup ‘AoloaoT MOs[aN ‘yo.ono'y ple AA ‘ayoo'T [neg ‘outaeyT uyor ‘suyyvay “yy uyor ‘souor ulyyuvry ‘yynber “M ULApy ‘esn ey “WT Ydesor ‘pny “W Udesor ‘TH "HL We [L AA ‘SUL pT ‘CW Ay “HS ‘yoreyy uyor ‘soudey "Y sapivyO ‘soudeRE sewoyy, ‘WoyneyT DOUIIMR] ‘WOITNE_T ugor ‘woyneyy ‘d PIVAPT ‘Teysey MOTO[OYNVY ‘UVSLUIV ET UlpyUB. ‘ployeuv yy “yIBWey “SYJUOI UL OLAIag pus ‘voIAdeg Jo pug “qSay puv 0d “9SN JO ojUq ‘aWVN ‘panuwog— NOVVITAHA AHL NI VOIYATIIA WONA SHOTIVS GNV SUAIACIOS AO GNOOTT 289 BILLERICA IN THE REBELLION. ‘g Arenuve ‘Fg, ‘poystpua.y *SURILIO MON UL “ANTLGRSTG *, Arenave ‘Fg, ‘pejstpuaeyy ¢ Aconuve ‘pg, ‘poast[aeey “SSLT ‘OTTIAPBoYT 1B x "[R10d.10,) “UIVIJUNOTL MOYOOT x» “AUGUST “BAMNCGSLIIJA x *JOIMOTL SSI1}AIOT x +19 pue ‘¢ Arenqqay “FY, "OI *g Arenuee ‘+9, ‘paysipugery “g ouNL “ED, “F JSNSNY °C9, ‘0g eune “co, ‘Fasnsny ‘co, *g ATU *99, ‘eg Arvnuee ‘eg, “6G Ley ‘29, "¢ OUNLE “EO, “TL eune “co, “¢ Ane ‘99, ‘yr Sarnuve ‘eg, "9g Jsn.airy ‘eg, “ST 190990 ‘TO, ‘ET laquiadeq ‘F9, “LE 18G0O “F9, ‘TL oun ‘eg, "TE 1940990 ‘29, “ST UPIR AL “29, “IT eung ‘eg, ‘9% ouNL ‘eg, “6 19Q0190 "FO, ‘og Ane “9, *L lnquiagdag ‘go, “LL oun “eg, “1% 19Q0990 “F9, “GE ISNINY “F9, “g ouns “Eg, "g OUT? “E9, “LL oung ‘go, "1G 10Q0O “F9, “Ge Av ‘29, "82 AUC “F9. ‘TT oun *¢9, “LT Aya “go, “¢ aUNE “9, “Pe "499 ‘M “Aro}V_ WICT “"UIGL “D *£10977eG YICT “UI0E “I “UILF “TI “uq08 ‘a “"T719 °M “pes ‘a “wa0g ‘d “308 ‘a “WI96 -a *ATTVAB,) IST OW *AITVAVD PE “TL “y99 “YD “pee “a “pee “dd! "199° “pss “ad *ATTVARD IST ‘OT *ATTBARD IST TT HES “WF T “WILE 4) “PEE CV wd “UTE “A “799 “M “U9 “M "peg “a “md “dd “UILF 1 ‘DE “1369 ‘OL “UWE ‘Ml “pes “a. ‘H "W190 *M ‘Tg ysnsuy "29, "g LaqMisd.eg *E9, “OL Av ‘F9, "Gg Taquasaq ‘e9, *T Arvnuve ‘Zo, “FG 19G0990 ‘Z9, *T Alvnuve ‘ZO, ‘TE ysuony ‘9, “¢ Jsnsny ‘ZO, "Lg Taqwuadeq ‘19, *Z daqMaAON ‘Ts *T taqurieqydag ‘19, "eg Taqtmreqydag ‘19, ET doquuaoeq ‘19, "eT AINE “FO, "e ySNSNY *Z9, “g ysnsny ‘Z9, "Te sNENY “ss, "e ASNSNY “TH, °6 Teqtleodaqd “E9, *G TICOWO “TY. ‘EL Aaqmiaydeg *Z9, “TE 19qOIOO *Z9, "6 ISNSNYV “ZS, “OT Ane “FH, ‘GG TWQ(WUlaAON “19, ‘TE ISNSNY “9, "1g snony “Z9, "eg sNSUY “Zs, “OT ATO: “F9, ‘FE T9QOWO *Z9. “eg AU “19. “g yseny "co, "Gg Taqtingdeas *T9, ‘Te ysnsny “zy, “7 weUp ‘yessny ouljusTe A ‘SUIT[OY. TUITE AA “Mospreypony ‘VY UvIYEN ‘Wosparryony "M Udesor ‘uospreyouy “A Ydesog ‘nospreyony “AA 0d.1004) ‘UOSpIeyORyT "TT sopryyD ‘uospreyony ‘O Moqpy ‘aosp.reyory ‘9 lapog “ITY WO MIpI1J *10990.1g Alas] ‘100g ‘H pAlvampy ‘suosteg “N wsy ‘Apoqreag “gq uvald’y ‘aeQVg “AA UBUTMOG ‘oqR ‘e Bsy ‘use TOATIO ‘OYUSV 981094) ‘OUsV TIUpPAVY ‘oyseg BUSA ‘oyseg “H ueydoyg ‘10x1eg . pounieg ‘poosso * ‘VW e8.1004) ‘poosso “"g 98to0r) ‘ARMPIO Aauay ‘Amare NF stuueg ‘Aqdinyg yorurg ‘Aydanyg Araay “ao.run py “H semoyy, ‘way nD yy UIMVAL “AOSSLIIO P| "H 96.1004) ‘sLu0pt "H 2810949) ‘eT "d WRITTLAA “Sta PT PELTPTL “AILNNOPL 290 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. 61 “L qsnsny ‘eg, "OT puB GT ‘SHY| “g LequIeDeq *¢9, "H souee ‘sano x 61 “pysnsny ‘9, “A10V YIGT| “Es Joquieoeq ‘gg. *y Aruay ‘duno Xx 9g -g Aine ‘99, "U908 ‘| “4 TequeAON “T9. p.xewoey ‘dost. vs ‘OL oun ‘29, “pes ‘a "g qsnSnY ‘ZO, “H ydosor ‘mosti Mm “po, “UIGe ‘a ‘mIEIdED! 8g "1 oune ‘FO, Aloe WZ, ‘0G Tidy “19, “NI [OBIS] ‘UOSTEA “ATTIGVSI | EL | *%s toquueydag ‘zg, “T996 ‘A| *9 Tequieydag ‘T9, uMure A ‘SULYTEM, “AUIV Iepnsexy ‘oT Ane ‘F9, i ydesor ‘ule, PL “p snsny ‘G9, -AroqVg WIST "9 OUNL ‘FO, “MUAY ‘ade vednoy woyeg J8%| 61 “PL IY ‘89. 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"SISO PSE PUL YIGE 07 ‘SULA, “AMTIQUST, “ON CEMOUTATT » TG & cI OL 9L OL ST 9 § ‘TL Ame ‘g9, “6g OUNLE “eg, “FT 1aqQUBAON “C9, "g Taqurayddg ‘eg, "LT aUNE “29, 1 JoqUoaON “F9, "S] Tequtaydeg ‘49, “1G OUN LE? “G9, ‘1G LaqWdAON ‘G9, ‘FL TaqtaaoNn ‘G “9 LAGU] “FI, « "1G TAC UIBAON “2, “WILT SO “USL “M *sd.t0Z “say “904. “yy “AAW PZ ‘OD *Sd.10.) “SO OA “UIPE A “AUILUY TR[ Ney *S10,) "SOYP "Jo A *sC.10,) ‘SOY *J9 4 wy AA pe “LT *A1aywg WOT *sd.t0,) "SOUL OA. "S109 “Say JO} "S109 *SO3[ }0,4 ‘qyay “AAT pe “TL *sd.10,) ‘S03 °30,4. "SC 109 "sayy “70,4 “PT Ange: “36 Arne “1G oun g oune “¢ Arne ‘gysnsny “oe Aqne “LT Atenarqaq. ‘0G sNNYy ‘og AVAL ‘Tg sndny “Ge Aptie ‘gynsny *g ATWG staqutaydag 66 Ange “AT STEMI] “FO, “€9. “ punwpy ‘parva poo A UyOr ‘UOST A Aare ‘UBUITTa A setae ‘oour A - ‘gq Aruaz ‘ATS SOUR E ‘UV0YS sopteyy ‘peryseag *g MaIPUY ‘U0VIO RT pIVApyY ‘Surauvpr Jelurg ‘souog¢ osuoyd Ty ‘uoytE *y ydasor ‘yyaf0x4 OZaOTY ‘Ysnqiny OOLINVAT ‘P[B1IsZzLT Save ‘MOSsTOUIAE “M UyoOr ‘uosTapuy WITTLY “Sunpaury *sprodey UMOT, ay} UT avadde you Op IN ‘staajURIO4 sHasnyovssHAY fo pLorey IY} UL PUNOF Av AMOTLOF Yop SsauvE OUT, CHAPTER XIX. THE MOTHER-TOWN OF BILLERICAY IN ENGLAND. [The author is happy to give place in this chapter to Rev. Edward G. Porter, of Lexington, who, at his special request, paid a visit, in 1879, to Billericay, the mother-town, in England, and gives pleasant record of facts and impressions there gathered and likely to be of interest. ] Tr must always be an occasion of regret that so little is known of the origin of our New England towns. If the early settlers had imagined what interest would, in after years, gather around the humble beginnings of their enterprise, they would, no doubt, have left us a much fuller account of themselves and their movements. But they were unconsciously making history; and it is usually true that the men who make history are not the ones to write it. Many of our early town records have preserved the names of the original proprietors, but we look in vain for any extended account of their lives, the places they came ‘from, the ships they sailed in, and the ports they arrived at. We know that Jonathan Danforth, Ralph Hill, John Parker, and William French, the early settlers of Billerica, came from the eastern counties of England; and there is reason to believe that Hill and French were from Billericay in Essex. But what the circumstances were which led them to join the colonists, what sacrifices they made in coming, what relatives they left behind, what incidents attended the long journey, can only be conjectured. We know, however, that, although the colonists of New England voluntarily left the land of their birth, they did not cease to love it. They brought with them as much of it as they could —its laws, its religion, its home-life. They were still British subjects, loyal to the crown. In proof of their affection for the mother-country, witness , their almost universal practice of naming their new settlements after the places from which they had come. Thus we have Plymouth, THE MOTHER-TOWN OF BILLERICAY. 993 Dorchester, Weymouth, Ipswich, Braintree, Sudbury, Billerica, and” scores of other well-known English names reproduced on our soil. This fact alone will ever preserve to us the memory of our origin. As we are not ashamed of our forefathers, neither are we ashamed of.the country from which they came. No better material for the founders of towns and states could be had than that which the Anglo-Saxon race furnished in the seventeenth century, and no truer men ever crossed the sea than those who came from the sturdy yeomanry of Old Essex. It was just at the beginning of June—the lovelfest season of all the year— when I paid a promised visit to Billericay. From London, the journey is accomplished by rail on the Great Eastern line as far as Brentwood, (nineteen miles,) and then by the carriage road, a pleasant drive of five miles. Accustomed as we are in America to see nature in her ruder and less cultivated aspects, there is a great charm in the soft and finished landscape of England. No rough ledges assert their supremacy over the soil; no broken-down stone walls or: worn-out fences mar the symmetry of the picture. The roads are well made and well kept. Heaps of hammered stone may be seen at intervals, piled up in regular order, for use upon the road as occasion may require. On either side, the hedge-rows, usually of hawthorn, furnish an agreeable border, shaded often by the ‘overhanging oak, elm, and poplar. Daisies and primroses, sweet-scented lilacs and lilies of the valley, abound in great profu- sion in the spring and early summer. Wheat, clover, and beans are cultivated in large quantities in this section. Here and there a sinall stream is crossed by a stone bridge, with its graceful arch reflected in the water, where the cattle are often seen quietly standing in groups, and near by the sheep feeding in the rich, green pastures. Many of the houses, even of the humbler people, have plants taste- fully arranged in boxes suspended from the window-sills. Ferneries and rockeries, both indoors and out, are very common. ‘The ivy is everywhere seen twining over brick walls and stone porches, covering with its leafy mantle much that would otherwise be excessively plain. The road which we are following is the old highway from London to Chelnisford, Colchester, and the eastern counties. As Billericay is situated on an elevated plateau or ridge to the eastward, we leave the main road at a small hamlet called Shenfield, where there is a church, a shop, and two old taverns still bearing their ancient names of Green Dragon and The Eagle and Child. 294. HISTORY OF BILLERICA. From Shenfield the road passes through a rich, open, agricultural country, ascending gradually the almost imperceptible slope, on the crest of which Billericay is built. The situation is in many respects like that of its namesake in Massachusetts. Entering the town from the southwest, we pass along the main street, » broad, winding, macadamized thoroughfare, lined for the most part with neat, two- story, brick houses, standing close together, as is usually the case in European villages. The houses have evidently been built at very different periods. Some have the quaint gables and projecting upper stories of the'sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, while others are MAIN STREET, BILLERICAY, LOOKING SOUTH. more modern, a few being of quite recent construction. The village is well lighted with gas. Fifty years ago the population was about two thousand. ‘The number has fallen, off since then, owing to the loss of the silk-weaving and coaching interests, which for a long period contributed much to the prosperity of the place. The weekly market, instituted by Edward IV, 1476, is held on Tuesdays, when the village assumes a lively appearance, as it then becomes the centre of trade for the entire neighborhood. Great fairs are also held, by an ancient privilege, in August and October, chiefly for cattle. The principal business now is in ‘‘corn,” as the English call it, i.e. grain, of which a large quantity is raised in this part of Essex. The manorial rights of Billericay are vested in the present Lord THE MOTHER-TOWN OF BILLERICAY. 995 Petre, who holds a court-leet and baron annually in the spring, at the former of which the constables and other officers for the internal regulation of the town are appointed. Petty sessions are held at the town hall, over the market-house, on the first and third Tuesdays of each month. The history of this large property, which includes not only the village of Billericay but a large section of country in its vicinity, is a curious illustration of the way in which great estates have been accumulated and entailed in England. The first Lord Petre, Sir William, lived three hundred years ago, and was wise enough in his generation to accommodate his loyalty, and his religion as well, to the rapid and contradictory changes that occurred under Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary, and Elizabeth, in consequence of which many rich abbey lands and manors fell into his hands. This time-serving policy was so apparent, that Sir William was generally spoken of as the man who was ‘‘made of the willow and not of the oak.” He was, however, a generous benefactor to Exeter College, Oxford; and his daughter, who married the famous Nicholas Wadham, became, with her husband, co-founder of Wadham College, Oxford. The old seat of the family was Ingatestone Hall, a few miles west of Billericay, near the line of the old Roman road. This hall is still standing, a venerable, irregular Elizabethan pile, covered with ivy, and surrounded by old gardens and fish-ponds. One of the rooms still contains some fine sixteenth century tapestry. The modern residence of the family is at Thorndon Hall, a magnificent seat on a gentle eminence overlooking an extensive park, which can be scen from Billericay. ? The introduction of railroads was a blow to the ancient prosperity of Billericay. Being on high land, the town was left at a distance of several miles from the Great Eastern line. The brisk and profitable traffic which formerly passed directly through the town was thus diverted. The oldtime inns, such as the Crown, the White Hart, the Horse-Shoe, the Red Lion, the Bull, the Sun, the Checkers, and the White Lion, at which the coaches and teams stopped daily, may still be seen, though most of them are shorn of their glory, and the traveller looks in vain for the post-lads who used to be always ready dressed and spurred up for duty. From its situation at the 1 The place is described by Miss Braddon in her Lady Audley’s Secret. 2 The Great Eastern Railway runs for seven miles through Lord Petre’s property; the company paid for the strip of land thus occupied over £120,000. 296 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. crossing of several old roads, Billericay became a thoroughfare espe- cially for the travel between Chelmsford and Horndon-on-the-bill, Tilbury and Gravesend. ~ One of the most conspicuous buildings in the place is the work-house, or ‘‘ Billericay Union,” as it is called, a large modern structure, pleasantly located in the outskirts of the town, on the Chelmsford Road. The poor of several parishes in the vicinity are well cared for in this establishment, which is admirably managed under the direction of a board of guardians. On the ridge just outside the village, two venerable wind-mills form a prominent object in the landscape — remnants of the many that formerly lincd the hills in the eastern counties. Some of the people still remember the old beacon of fagots that flashed the signal lights from this spot, on important occasions, over a good part of Essex. The view from here on a clear day is very extensive in all directions, particularly over the broad Thames valley and the Kentish hills beyond. The origin of the name of Billericay is obscure. Morant, the old historian of Essex, states that, in 1345, it was called Beleuca, probably, he says, from the old word ‘‘baleuga” ‘or ‘‘banleuga,” a precinct around a borough or manor; in French, ‘‘banlieue.” Some learned antiquaries contend that the name is more likely to be derived from the two Latin words ‘Bellcri-castra,” the camp of Bellerus. Others think it may have come from certain Welsh words signifying the fort on the hill. The interpretation suggested by some one in this country, ‘‘ villa rica,” does not meet with favor in England, though it is not easy to see why not, since it is well known that ‘‘v” and ‘*b” have often been used interchangeably. But whatever may have been the origin of the name, it is an indisputable fact that the town has been known by its present name, with slight variations, for many centuries. In 1395, allusion is made in the Pipe Roll to one ‘‘Thomas Ledere, traitor to the King, beheaded at Billerica.” In a grant of Edward VI, a.v. 1551, the name is spelt both Billerica and Billerykay. In 1563, among the ecclesiastical accounts of Chelms- ford are two entries of sums received from ‘*Belyreca men for the hire of our garments,” i.e. costumes for a miracle play. Among some tradesmen’s tokens of the seventeenth century is one inscribed, ‘¢ Abraham Thresher in Billericay, Essex, his half-penny, 1666.” The immediate neighborhood of Billericay exhibits memorials of nearly every important epoch in English history. In Norsey Wood, beyond the northern end of the village, are several large earthworks which are believed to be the defences of an ancient British village. THE MOTHER-TOWN OF BILLERICAY. 907 Numerous cinerary urns of rude workmanship, containing burnt bones and ashes, have been exhumed in the tumuli, or mounds, which have been recently opened.* Two finely-shaped kelts, one of flint and the other of bronze, have been found near by.‘ So far as excavations have gone, the whole neighborhood appears to be rich in relics of the Roman period, showing that this must have been a military post of considerable importance. Earthen vessels of various shapes and colors, tiles, beads, fibula, specula, and especially coins have been found in large quantities. Some of the latter are finely preserved and bear the impress of the Emperors Hadrian, Germanicus, Con- stantine, Licinius, Nero, and Trajan, and of the Empresses Faustina and Helena.’ It is believed that the place called Blunt’s Walls, near by, was a strong Roman fortress, which subsequently conferred upon the estate the appellation of walls or strongholds, as recorded in the grant made by Henry III to Robert de Blunt, who joined Simon de Montfort. After the Roman came the Saxon and the Dane; and ‘‘ Belleri castra” bore its share of the devastating changes which swept over England. Then came peace and prosperity in the train of Christian- ity, whose holy rites began to be celebrated by devoted missionaries. The original church for this parish was not in the present village of Billericay, but at Great Burghstead, (Burgsted, ‘‘ Bursted Magna,”) a mile and a half toward the south. This was probably near the residence of the Saxon thane who, embracing the Christian faith, assisted in building a rude wooden edifice for worship. Then came a small church of stone, which, soon after the overthrow of Harold, (A.D. 1066,) gave place to a large Norman structure, destined to be incorporated within the walls of a much finer building which we see standing there to-day. The heavy, machicholated stone tower is surmounted by a wooden spire and weather-cock. On one of the five bells hanging in the tower is inscribed, ‘‘ Vox Augustini sonet in aure Dei. A.D. 1436.” At different times, beautiful, decorated windows have been inserted in the thick stone walls, while the small Norman lancet-windows in the north aisle have been happily left untouched ; a south aisle and chancel have been added; also a stone font, two piscenas, and various monumental tablets in memory of 3 In 1865, by Rev. E. L. Cutts, now of Haverstock Hill, London; author of St. Cedd’s Cross, The First Rector of Burgstead, etc. 4 See Proceedings of London Society of Antiquaries. April 4, 1878. . 5 Many of these relics are in the possession of Major Thomas Jenner Spitty and J. A. Sparvel-Bayly, Esq., F.s.A., of Billericay. The latter has written upon the subject. 998 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. certain prominent persons in the parish. Over the north door, carved in Edwardian characters, are seen the words of the angelic salutation, ‘‘ Ave Maria plena gratia,” etc. The floor of the church is paved with brick; the pulpit is very high and reached by a flight of nine steps. (It ought to be said that the present incumbent does not attempt to preach from it.) The pews are nearly five feet high and are lined inside with old green baize. Both the pulpit and the pews are unpainted. In the vestry the tithe-map is kept in a copper case and padlocked to the wall. The parish records, bound in vellum, cover a period of about three hundred years, and are GREAT BURGSTEAD PARISH CHURCH, BILLERICAY. kept in the custody of the minister. The earlier entries are not easily deciphered, unless the reader is an expert. The churchyard is peopled with the dead of Billericay for many centuries. The present sexton has buried over a thousand persons during the last twenty-five years. In the accompanying engraving, an ancient yew tree shades the south perch, a weather-beaten mass of oak beams, very much in need in repair. The connection of Billericay with Hadleigh Castle should have brief notice. This castle, built by Hubert de Burgh in the reign of Henry III, was pulled down and rebuilt by Edward III. In the Public Record office there is a full account of the expenses incurred THE MOTHER-TOWN OF BILLERICAY. 999 in the work. Among them are frequent entries for the carriage of goods and material from Billericay, but no entry of payment there- for. We remember that men were taken in those days upon the _king’s order and required to work upon his buildings, and we are not surprised at the widespread feeling of discontent which found expression in the great uprising of the people, led by Wat Tyler, of Essex, in 1381. As many as one hundred thousand rudely-armed inen are said to have joined in this insurrection. The Essex division under the famous Jack Straw, after leaving London, deluded by the king’s promises, retired to Billericay, where they intrenched them- selves —a large army —in Norsey Wood, and sent messengers to the king, Richard II, demanding to know whether he had recalled, as reported, his letters of pardon. The king sent back a haughty answer, followed by troops under the Earl of Buckingham, who attacked the camp in Norsey Wood and completely routed it, slaying, it is said, as many as five hundred of the insurgents and taking many prisoners. The Pipe-Roll record shows that in the market-place of Billericay the headsman executed his ‘fell craft upon many a miserable victim. ° In process of time the people of Billericay, finding it inconvenient to attend the parish church at Burgstead, obtained a freé chapel (or chantry) in their own village, and this has since become the principal Anglican place of worship. It is a plain brick building with nothing very old about it except the tower, in which hangs an ancient bell, inscribed in Lombardic characters: ‘'-++ Galfridus : de : Hedemtun : me : fecit.” There is also a large and flourishing Congregational Church, which has been served by a long succession of able and devoted pastors, amongst whom may be mentioned the names of Thomas Jackson, Philip Davis (a pupil of Isaac Watts), and John Thornton, whose ministry of over forty years is distinguished by the excellent books which he wrote, and the eminent ministers who pursued their theological studies under his direction. The Rev. Alfred Kluht, the present pastor, is much esteemed for his character and usefulness. Although Billericay cannot exactly boast of a Dick Whittington, a certain young man from the town did make his appearance in the great city of London about the middle of the fifteenth century, and, embarking in trade, he flourished, grew wealthy, received the honor 6 See paper Essex in Insurrection, 1381,” by J. A. Sparvel-Bayly, r.s. A. 300 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. of knighthood, and died Sir John Bayly, Lord Mayor of London. In 1531, John Tyrel, of Billericay, a tailor, appears among those who were apprehended for nonconformity. He was one of the early converts made by Hugh Latimer. During the terrible persecutions under Queen Mary, Billericay had the honor of furnishing two victims’ to swell the noble army of martyrs. One was Thomas, or ‘‘ Worthie, Wattes,” as he was called, a preacher who was repeatedly summoned before Bishop Bonner for proclaiming his religious views. In June, 1555, he was conveyed to Chelmsford, where he was burnt. There were five martyrs together, and having partaken of a meal they knelt down and prayed, after which Watts went and prayed privately by himself, and then came to his wife and six children and said: ‘+ Wife, and my good children, I must now depart from you. As the Lord hath given you to me, so I give you again unto the Lord, whom I charge you see you do obey and fear Him.. I shall anon, by God’s grace, give my blood. Let not the murdering of God’s saints cause you to relent, but take occasion thereby to be stronger in the Lord’s quarrel. I doubt not He will be a merciful Father unto you.” Two of his children offered to be burnt with him. After viewing the stake he spoke to Lord Rich, a fierce persecuter of the Protestants, and said: ‘*My lord, beware! beware! unless you repent of this, God will ‘avenge it. You are the cause of this my death.” The other martyr from Billericay was a humble woman, Jane Horns, ‘‘a maid,” who appeared before Bonner the following year and was burnt at Stratford. Two other persons from Billericay during these trying times were sent up to Bonner—Jane, the wife of Hugh Potter, and James Harris, a stripling of seventeen years. The special crime with which the latter was charged was ‘‘not having come to his parish church by the space of one year or more.” This he admitted. Bonner now commanded him to go at once to confession. ‘To this he consented, but when he came to the priest he stood still and said nothing. ‘* Why,” quoth the priest, ‘‘sayest thou nothing?” ‘‘What shall 1 say?” said Harris. ‘‘Thou must confess thy sins,” said the priest. ‘My sins,” said he, ‘‘be so many that they cannot be numbered.” With that the priest told Bonner what ne had said, and he took the poor lad into his garden and there, with a rod gathered out of a cherry tree, ‘‘did most cruelly whip him.” Not long after this, Thomas Brice, author of the ‘' Poetical Register” of sufferers for conscience’ sake in the reign of Mary, was driven out of the country, apparently from this neighborhood. THE MOTHER-TOWN OF BILLERICAY. 301 e Near the close of the reign of Elizabeth, Timothy Okeley, who had succeeded John Okeley as vicar of Great Burghstead, was himself succeeded by William Pease, who remained in office about forty years. None of these ministers seem to have sympathized with evangelical religion; and Pease, in particular, made it uncom- fortable for all his parishioners who ventured to differ from him. In March, 1619, he summoned several of them before the Archidiaconal Court for nonconformity. Among them were Solomon Prower and Christopher Martin, who were officially ‘‘monished” with the rest, and commanded to appear again in a month to be examined further. Prower and Martin fled to Leyden, where the latter became a member of the church organized by John Robinson. This Martin also vict- ualled the Mayflower, in which he sailed with his wife, son, and servant,’ in 1620, for New England, giving Billericay the honorable distinction of having furnished four out of the one hundred and one passengers on that memorable voyage.’ They were followed by several other parishioners of Pease’s, among whom, in 1635, are found the names of William Ruse, husbandman, and his wife Rebecca and their four children, Sarah, Maria, Samuel, and William. Ralph Hill and William French are supposed to have come about this time, and it was probably through their influence that the name of their English home was given to the new settlement in the Massachusetts Colony, to which they contributed so much in its early days. The limits of this chapter will not allow me to follow the fortunes of the mother-town further. Enough, however, has been said to show that some of the most notable events in English history are connected with the name of Billerica, a name which, as this volume shows, New England is destined to transmit with equal honor, and, it may be, with equal fame. 7 Another account says, wife and two servants. 8 Paper read by Colonel Joseph Lemuel Chester, of London, before the Essex Archzo- logical Society, at Brentwood. CHAPTER XX. MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. A rew subjects not yet noticed must be grouped in a brief and summary way. Some of them might well have been expanded to chapters did our limits permit. It would be a subject of special interest, to gather the names and follow the fortunes of many who have gone from Billerica to homes in other towns and States. Many towns in all parts of New England and the regions beyond may trace the lines of families who have contributed to their prosperity in the register of Billerica. It suggests something on this point to call attention to the fact that all families bearing the names of Farley, Farmer, Jefts, Kidder, Kittredge, Pollard, Shed, and Toothaker, whose lines in this country go back to 1700, find their American progenitor in Billerica. Not less numerous or important are the branches here found of the Crosby, Danforth, French, Frost, Hill, Manning, Parker, Patten, Richardson, Rogers, Stearns, and Whiting families; while to enumerate the significant names of families simply less numerous would be to repeat most of the names from the pages of the Genealogical Register. Any just presentation of this subject would develop facts of which the town might be proud. She has never been populous; but her sons and daughters abroad are many. The list of Billerica graduates from colleges and professional schools is as follows :—? Abbot, David. H.C., 1794. (4) Blanchard, Henry, M.D. H. C., 1834. (11.) Bowers, Andrew. H.C.,1779; (8.) Bowers, Rev. Benjamin. H. C., 1733. (1.) Bowers, Benjamin F.,M.p. Y.C., 1819... (7) 1 The numbers refer to the family, in Genealogical Register, where the record is given. MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. 303 Bowers, Rev. James. H.C., 1794. (8.) Bowers, Josiah, M.p. Y. C., 1816. (7.) Bowers, Josiah, M.p. Philadelphia, 1854. (9.) Bowers, William, M.p. H. C., 1769. (4.) Brown, Rev. Thaddeus H. Y. C., 1860. (Addenda.) Crosby, Oliver. H.C., 1795. (24.) Crosby, William. H.C., 1794. (21.) Cumings, Henry. 1. C.,1795. (2.) ; Faulkner, George, M.p. H.C., 1844. (1) Hill, Joseph F. H. C., 4. D., 1830. (28.) Judkins, Henry B. Law Department, H. C.. 1850. (1.) Kidder, Jonathan. H. C., 1751. (10.) Kidder, Rev. Joseph. Y. C., 1764. (7.) Lewis, James. D. C., 1807. (7.2) Parker, Daniel. B.C., M. D., 1833. (28.) Parker, Frederic A.,M.p. 1. C.. 1818. (22.) Patten. Rev. Abel. D.C., 1827. (15.) Preston, George H. H.C., 1846. (1.) Richardson, Rey. Joseph. D.C.. 1802. (17.) Rogers. Artemas. H.C., 1809. (14.) Rogers, Micajah. H.C.,1817. (14.) Skilton, Rev. Thomas. H.C., 1806. (1.) Spaulding, Rev. Benjamin A. H. C., 1840. (6.) Stearns, Rev. Josiah. H.C., 1751. (6.) Stearns, Rev. Timothy. A. C., 1833. (12.) Whiting, Augustus. H.C., 1816. (14.) Whiting, Rev. John. H.C., 1685. (1.) Whiting, Joseph. H. C.. 1690. (1.) The record of the legal profession in Billerica is brief, and I know of no names to be added to the list of 1855. (Bi-Centennial, p. 146.) William Crosby, 1800; Samuel Dexter; Timothy Farn- ham; Joseph Locke, 1801-33; Marshall Preston, about 1820-49 ; George H. Whitman, 1849. Of course, in the absence of lawyers who were such by profession, other well-informed citizens have often been called to aid their neighbors in legal matters. So much of this service devolved upon some of them, that practically it would be just to mention in this connection such names as Jonathan Danforth, Joseph Tompson, Oliver Whiting, Joshua Abbott, William Stickney. PHYSICIANS IN BILLERICA. Atherton, Benjamin. *1739. Bundy, Frank E. 1864-66. Batchelder, Josiah. Danforth, Timothy. *1792. Bickford, Hezekiah. 1851-61. Foster, Joseph. *1810. Bowers, William. *1820. Frost, Samuel. *1717. Brown, Thaddeus. *1839. Grey, William. 304 Hill, Joseph F. Hood, J. W. Hosmer, Charles EK. 1874—. Howe, Zadok. *1857. Hubbard, William H. 1877—. Hurd, Isaac. 1778—(?). *in Concord, 1844. *1849. Kittredge, Jacob. 1800-15. Kittredge, John. *1714. Kittredge, John. *1756. | | | HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Kittredge, Rufus. Lane, Albert C. Manning, ——. Mason, Augustus. 1844-54. *in Brighton, 1882. Munroe, George A. 1866-77. Parker, Daniel. 1840—. Toothaker, Roger. *1745. Toothaker, Roger. *1759. Wilkins, William. 1789-1807. 1879—. The more important: town officers have been as follows :— TOWN CLERKS. John Parker. 1653-64. 1 William Tay. 1664-65. 1 Jonathan Danforth. 1665-85. 21 Sam’] Manning. 1686-90, ’92.’99. 7 Joseph Tompson. 10 1691, °93-98, 1700-2. John Stearns. 1703-4. 2 Oliver Whiting. 1705-11, 14-23. 17 John Needham. 1712-18. 2 Benjamin Tompson. 1724-26, 30. 4 Joshua Abbott. 1727-29, 31-56. 29 William Stickney. 1757-68. 12 Joshua Abbot. 1769-80, ’82-84. William Bowers. 1781. Oliver Crosby. 1785-96, 1803-4. James Abbot. 1797. Jacob Richardson. 1798-1802. Blaney Abbot. 1805-9. Jeremiah Patten. 1810-13. Jeremiah Farmer. 1814-15. Samuel Whiting. 1816-20. Marshall Preston. 1821-48. John Baldwin. 1849-55. Dudley Foster. 1855—. REPRESENTATIVES. Lt. William French. Mr. Humphrey Davy. 1666-69. 4 Mr. Hezekiah Usher. 1671-72. 2 Mr. Job Lane. 1676, °79. 2 (?) Jonathan Danforth. 1685. 1 Ralph Hill. 1689, *92-94. 4 Joseph Walker. 1689. 1 Joseph Tompson. 5 1692 and 1699-1702. Samuel Manning. 1695-97. Simon Crosby. 1698. Thomas Richardson. Lt. John Wilson. 1705. Lt. John Stearns. 1706-15718. 1 (?) Capt. John Lane. 1707. Received land for ‘deputy service.” George Brown. 7 1716-17, °21-24, and 727. Oliver Whiting. 1719-20, °28. 3 3 1 1703-4. 2 1 1 1663. 1 John Blanchard. Jonathan Bacon. 1726. William Patten. 1729-30. Benjamin ‘Tompson. 1731-88, °42, “45-46, *48. Jacob French. 1739-41. Enoch Kidder. . 1748-44, °52-55, °58-65. Thomas Kidder. 1747, “49. William Stickney. 1760-51, °66-57, 'U6-76, '78-79. William Tompson. 1777, ‘87. 1725. Edward Farmer. 1780-86. ‘88-94. Jonathan Bowers. 1795-96, °98, 1802. Oliver Crosby. 1799-1801, 1804. James Abbot. 1803. John Parker. 1808. : Joseph Locke. 1806-8, °10. a mt NMR OL OTH Be oe w “1 or NN ee Ht 14 Ree MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. 805 Dudley Walker. 1809. 1 Samuel Foster. 1840. 1 Josiah Crosby, jr. 1810-17, 20. 9 John Eames. 1842-43. 2 Samuel Whiting, 1822-23. 2 Gardner Parker. 1846, *49. 2 John Baldwin. 1826-27. 2 Harvey Crosby. 1847. 1 Marshall Preston. 1829-30. 2 Reuben Chamberlain. 1848. 1 Zadok Wowe. 1831. 1 | . Thomas Talbot. 1851. 1 Josiah Rogers. 1831. 1 Henry Rice. 1852. 1 Thomas Sumner. 1832-33. 2 Daniel Floyd. 1853. 1 Michael Crosby, jr. 1834. 1 Charles H. Hill. 1884. 1 Daniel Wilson. 1835. 1 Zenas Herrick. 1855. 1 Henry Baldwin. 1837-38. 2 Dana Holden. 1856-57. 2 Thomas Spaulding. 1839, 41. 2 The town was not represented in 1797, 1824, 725, ’28, ’36, ’44, 745, and ’50. In 1858 the system of representation was changed and towns gave place to districts, Mr. Holden being the first repre- sentative of the Twenty-Second Middlesex District. Citizens of Billerica have since represented the district as follows: George P. Elliott, 1860-61; Rev. Jesse G. D. Stearns, 1864; Dudley Foster, 1867; Sylvester S. Hill, 1869; George H. Whitman, Esq., 1872; John Knowles, 1875; William S. Gleason, 1876; Ebenezer Baker, 1881. SELECTMEN. John Parker. 1660-66. 7 Job Lane. 1676-77, 79-81. 5 Lt. W™, French. 1660-64,°70-73. 9 | Joseph Walker. 1686-94,1700. 10 Ralph Hill, sen. 1660-61. 2 Nathaniel Hill. 1686-87. 2 Thomas Foster. 8 Jacob French. 1687. 1 1660-61, °63-G65, °67-69. Thomas Richardson. 6 Jonathan Danforth. aL 1688, °91, *94, 1704, "09, °18. 1660, *G5—68,.°70-85. John Stearns. 1689-90, °92, 22 ‘ Hill, jr 64-94, 32 95-97, 1702-4, °06-12, °14-18, °20. Ce ae ee 7 | Oliver Whiting. 1692,°99,1702, 20 1661-62, ’66-69, °88. 04-11, °14-20, °22-23. Wn, ‘Tay. 1662, 64-65. 3 John Lane. : 1693, °96-1704, °09. 11 W™, Hamlet. 1662-64. 3 | Lt. John Wilson. 4 Christopher Webb. 1663. 1 1696-97, 1708-4. ds 3 James Kidder. 8 Jonathan Hill. 1698, 1700, 08. 3 1666-67, 69-72, “74-75. James Frost, sr. 1698-99, 1705. 3 Simon Crosby. 6 John Shed. 1700-1, 05. 3 1668, “88. “97-99, 1701. John pheldon:. ee 5 Joseph ‘Tompson. 30 E 1700, *11-12, 14-15. 1669-85, ’89-91, 1693-1702. Enoch Kidder. 7 Samuel Manning. 1678, 77-79, 18 1703, °06-07, 710, “15-17. 782-90, “92-94, °96, “99. Edward Farmer. 1703, 06-07. 3 John French. 1674-76, 16 Joseph Foster. 1705. 1 "78-86, 91, 1700-2. Simon Crosby, jr. 1705-8. 4 306 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. SELECTMEN. — Continued. Samuel [Hill. 1708-11, “13-14. “16-18, °23-26, °28-29. George Brown. 1710-12. 14-20, 722-26, °29. John Needham. 1712-13. Ephraim Kidder. 1712. Thomas Ross. 1712. John Hill. 1716. Jon?, Bacon. 1719, °27. Daniel Kittredge. Thomas Baldwin. Willian Patten. 1720, °23-25, °28-30. Joseph Davis. 1720. Samuel Fitch. 1721-22. Joseph Stephens. 1721-22. Benj”. Tompson. 1721-26, 798-30, 32-33, ’85-30, "42-47, “51. Joshua Abbot. 1724-25, 27-29, °31-48, °50-56. W™, Manning. 1726. Josiah Fasset. 1727-28. Lt. Job Lane. 1726-27. Capt. Jon®. Bowers. 1727. Samuel Danforth. 1730-31. Jacob French. 1730-31. “83-41, “AS. Samuel Hunt, jr. 17381. John Stearns. 1732, °35. Andrew Richardson. 1732. Joseph Kittredge. 1732-34. William French, 1733-34. Benjamin Shed. 1734-87, “48. Enoch Kidder, jr. 1736-42, 47, 7°61. Thomas Kidder. 1738-46, “49, °52. 755-58. °60-G61, W. Stickney. 1740-42, *45, “47. 53-68. Samuel Hill. 1743-44. Samuel Brown. 1748-44, Samuel Whiting. 1745-46. Samuel Sheldon. 1746. Ralph Hill. 1747, °49, °55-56. Jacob Walker, 1748-49. Jeremiah Abbot. 1748, 1719. 1719, ’29-31. 15 16 we ee No cee uw Ww moh eH — Josiah Brown. 1749-50, 57-58. “62. W™, Manning, jr. 1749. Oliver Whiting. 1750-52. W, Kidder. 1750-52. Wm, Needham. 1751-34. Benj". Lewis. 1753-54, °69. Joshua Davis. 1753-36, ’59-G64. Capt. Daniel Stickney. 1757-58, °60, ’62. Joshua Abbot, jr. 1757-65, °67-80, ’82-b4. Isaac Marshall. 1759. Joseph Hill. 1763-65. David Osgood. 1763-64. W, Tompson. 1765-68. °72-80. Samuel Kidder. Isaac Stearns. John Parker. Josiah Bowers. 1769-70. Asa Spaulding. 1769-71. Timothy Danforth. V771-77, “82-84. Reuben Kendall. 1773-76, °78-79, ’82-84. Jonathan Stickney. 1777, 87. Ilezekiah Crosby. 1778-81, °85-96. Ephraim Crosby. 1780-8], "85, “S88. W™, Bowers, jr. 1781, ’85. Isaac Marshall, jr. 1781. James Lewis. William Manning. 1785-86. Oliver Crosby. 1786-96, 1800-1, *03-04. Jacob Richardson. 1786-90, 1796-1802. Josiah Bowers, jr. 1786. Sears Cook. 1786-87, 1797-1805, °07. Jonathan Bowers. 1789-95. John Farmer. 1791-96. John Parker, jr. : 1791-95, °97-98, 1802. Peter Hill. 1796. 1766-72. 1766-80. °82-84. 1765-66, *82-84. 1781, °85, 87-90. or oe wr Ow MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. 307 SELECTMEN. — Continued. : Thomas Richardson.. 1797. 1 Michael Crosby. 1830, ’33. 2 James Abbot. 1797. 1 John Richardson, 2d. 1831-32. 2 Josiah Crosby. 1798. ] Sewall Stearns. 1833-40, °43-44. 10 Stephen Barrett. 4 Daniel Wilson. 1834-38. 5 . 1798-99, 1803-04. Henry Rice. 1839-42. 4 Isaac Barron. 1799-1805. 7 Francis Richardson. 1841. 1 Josiah Rogers. 6 Reuben Chamberlain. 1841-42. 2 1799-1800, “08-10, “14. Cornelius Sweetser. 1843-44. 2 Oliver Richardson. 1801-05, ’07. 6 Samuel Rogers. 1843-46. 4 Blaney Abbot. 1805-07. 3 Jonathan Hill. 1845-46, 48-50. 5 Jeremiah Patten. 7 Dudley Foster. 14 - 1805-07, 710-13. 1847-50, *57-60, °69-73, ’81. Jeremiah Crosby. 1806-07, °10. 3 | Wm. H. Odiorne. 1847, 52-53. 3 Thomas Spaulding. 1806. 1 Gardner Parker. 1849-50, 61-68. 10 Josiah Crosby. jr. 1806, 08-09. 3 Benj. L. Judkins. 1851, 56-60. 6 Josiah B. Richardson. 1808-13. 6 Caleb S. Brown. 1851-52. 2 John Crosby. 1808-10, 12-20. 12 William Blanchard. 1852-53. 2 Joseph Blanchard. 1808-10, 12. 4 John C. Hobbs. 1853-54, ’56-59. 6 _, Amos Carlton. 1811-13. 3 Thomas J. Jenkins. 1854-55. 2 Jeremiah Farmer. 1813-15. 3 Edw. Spaulding. 1854, 74-79. 7 Isaac Hurd. 1814-15. 2 Amasa Holden. 1855-56. 2 Joseph Jaquith, jr. 1814. 1 Benjamin H. Heald. 1855. 1 Samuel Whiting. 1816-20. 5 Israel A. Colson. 1860, 69-73. 6 John Baldwin. 1816-20. 5 Leander Crosby. 1861. 1 Marshall Preston. D5) Joseph Dows. 1861. 1 1821-40, °42, 45-48. William 8. Gleason. 14 Josiah Rogers. 1821-23, 81-32. 4 1862-68, °74-80. Nathan Mears. 1821-28. 8 Charles W. French. 1862-68. 7 William Richardson. 1821-23. 3 David L. Mason. 1869-73. 5 Francis Cook. 1821-23. 3 George P. Elliot. 1874-80. 7 Jeremiah Crosby. 1824-25, 51. 3 Coburn §S. Smith. » 1880-82. 3 Ichabod Everett. 1826-30. 5 George F. Colson. 1881-82. 2 James R. Faulkner. 1829. 1 Eben Baker. 1882. 1 Until 1824, the number of selectmen annually elected was five ; except in the years 1720 and 1815-16, when three were chosen, and 1766, when the number is four. In the latter case, I suspect the omission of Joshua Abbot’s name is accidental, as with this excep- tion he holds the office continuously, 1757-80. The first Post-Office in Billerica was established, 1797, Octo- ber 7.2 The Post-Masters have been :— Appointed. Jonathan Bowers . 5 , : g ‘ 7 1797, October 7. William Richardson . : : 5 : ‘ ‘ 1824, May 26. 2¥For this date, and the list which follows, I am indebted to the Hon. Abraham D. Hazen, Third Assistant Postmaster-General. 308 Marshall Preston John Baldwin, Jr. William Hl. Blanchard William Blanchard . Benjamin L. Judkins Charles IT. Parker Bernard M. Cann Franklin Jaquith, Jr. Charles H. Parker. Joseph A. Burt James Faulkner James Whittemore . Hiram C. Brown Peter B. Bohonan George W. Hill Mary KE. A. Libby HISTORY OF BILLERICA. NORTH BILLERICA. . EAST BILLERICA. SOUTH BILLERICA. 1826. January 11. 1849, October 16. 1855, June 11. 1857. April 4. 1859, April 27. 1862. May 8. 1866, September 21. 1867, July 16. 1873, June 5. 1852, January 26. 1855, July 26. 1866, May 25. 1878, March 25. 1877, December 21. 1878, March 4. 1878, December 13. The population of the town at different periods is a subject of interest, but the material for estimates at first is scanty. In 1659, there were 25 families; four years later, the number had nearly doubled, judging from Mr. Whiting’s ‘‘ Rate,” (p. 165 above) ; but for the twelve next years there was sinall increase, except as children multiplied in the homes already formed, (p. 113). The tax-list for 1679. (p. 193) has only 47 names, but that for 1688 has 73 names, showing that «1 new impulse had followed the anxieties of Philip’s War, ind, in spite of the Indian perils of the time, the progress continued, and, in 1707, the number of polls was 140.2 The tax-list for 1733 includes 228 names, but, in 1735, when Tewksbury had been taken out, the number was only 187, which, io 1755, had increased to 206. In 1765 a careful enumeration was made, showing for the first time the exact population, when this town had 1330. Only seven towns in Middlesex County then exceeded Billerica. In 1776 a census gave Billerica a population of 1500, and the tax-list for the same year contained 273 names. In 1778 there were 286 polls, but, in 1781, they had fallen to 271 polls, a decrease more than explained by the loss of the Carlisle names, in 1780. Assuming an equal number of polls and names on * Collections: American Statistical Association, pp. 146, 150, ete. MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. 309 tax-list, and that the proportion of this number to the whole popu- lation in 1776 was the same in 1687, 1733, and 1755, we reach this estimate for the periods named, the decades after 1790 being supplied by the United States Census, and the years 1855, 1865, and 1875 by the State Census. 1688 . . 401 W765. . 1882 | 1820 . . 1880 | 1860 . . 1776 07 . . «769 | 1776 . . 1500} 1830 . . 1368 | 1865 . . 1808 173838). . «1252 | 1790 . . 1191 | 1840. . 1632 | 1870 . . 1838 1735. =. 1028 | 1800 . . 1883 | 1850 . . 1646 | 1875 . . 1881 ons 1755. . 1132 | 1810 . . 1289 | 1855 . . 1772 | 1880 . . 2000 The fact is significant that after 1800 there was no increase for more than thirty years} and it seems to confirm the opinion that the Middlesex Canal, by preventing the use of the water power, exerted an unfavorable influence upon the progress of this town. A similar result has followed the deflection of the railroad line so far from the centre of the town, A census taken in 1754 brings out the curious fact that Massa- chusetts had 2717 slaves. Of this number Billerica had eight, of whom five were females. In 1880, the census reports nine colored persons; but they are not slaves. Other details of the last census are interesting,’ and I am glad to be able to give a summary of them. The 2000 inhabitants of the town in June, 1880, were grouped in 449 families, who lived in 436 houses. There were 1662 over ten years of age, of whom 46 could not read and 56 could not write ; of the latter, 51 were foreigners. The nativity stands thus: Native born, 1552; foreign, 448; born in Massachusetts, 1237. New Hampshire . : - 138 Other States . ‘ 7 : 10 Maine . . . : 73 British America. : ‘ 67 Vermont 5 : “ , 56 Ireland ‘ z ; - 2236 New York . . : 17 England é : ‘ » 118 Maryland. a - : 6 Scotland : : ; . 20 Virginia : a ‘ . 6 Wales ; : : ‘ 2 I)linois 4 Germany ; s . . 8 Rhode Island . 4 Sweden : ‘ : ; 3 Connecticut 3 France ‘ ‘ ‘ - 2 Pennsylvania ‘ 2 Denmark : a : : 1 New Jersey 1 Netherlands . 1 4 These figures from the Census of 1°80 have been kindly furnished, while this chapter was in the printer’s hands, by Colonel Carroll D. Wright, who was in charge of the work in Massachusetts. ‘ 310 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Of the whole number there were 46 whose mothers only were foreign born; 525 whose fathers were born in Ireland, and of 485 the mothers were born there also; 246 whose fathers were born in Great Britain, and the mothers also of 191; 75 whose fathers were born in British America, and the mothers of 59. ‘The whole number whose parents were both foreign born was 807; partly foreign born, 121. The ages are as follows :— No. Age.| No. Age.| No. Age.| No. Age.| No. Age.| No. Age.| No. Age.| No. Age.| No, Age. 33 under 1 26 1) 38 11] 39 21) 19 31] 15 41] 12 51 7 61 9 71] 2 81 41 2) 8 12) 40 22] 24 32] 23 42/ 16 52) 14 62) 18 72 3 82 36 3) 37 13] 34 23) 21 33] 26 43) 12 53) 12 63 6 73] 6 3 36 ‘4/ 36 14] 30 24] 14 34] 16 44] 16 St] 15 G4] 11 74) £ 84 38 5] 39 15] 31 25] 30 35] 39 45) 26 55) 17 68 4 7%) 2 8 28 6] 36 16] 33 26) 382 36] 30 46) 19 56); 11 66) 10 “761 2 86 28 7| 44 17] 27 27] 19 387] 24 47] 18 57} 12 G7] 12 77) 1 87 44 8) 43 18] 23 28) 27 38] 21 48] 11 58] 13 68 7 78) 1 88 28 9] 37 19] 82 29} 24 39] 19 49] 20 59 8 69 3 79} 1 89 41 10/ 39 20; 33 30| 43 40.) 49 50] 21 60] 18 70 5 80 22 379 384 322 253 262 171 127! 80 2000 The State Census for 1875' gives the farming statistics in a more full and satisfactory form than the National Census, and from that source I gather the following :— The value of the farm products is given, $150,652, which includes 2178 tons hay, 11,187 lbs. butter, 50 lbs. cheese, 19,279 gallons of cider, 2171 cords of wood, 5500 pairs of shoes, 17,558 bushels of apples, 550 of peaches, 645 of pears, 360 of plums, 68 of cherries, 1018 of tomatoes, 19,622 of potatoes, 1018 of onions, 1409 of peas, 1571 quarts of strawberries, 891 of blueberries, and 617 of black- berries; 10,150 lbs. of beef, 2182 lbs. of dressed chickens, 1389 of turkey, 220,835 gallons of milk, and 10,222 dozen of eggs; number of horses, 325, and of cows, 541. The 219: farms included 3948 acres of improved and 8751 acres of unimproved land. ‘The value of all the land and buildings was $816,725; of all farm property, $921,724; the valuation of personal property, $651,662; of real estate, $971,761; ora total valuation of $1,623,423 ; total products, $1,439,262. MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. 311 % FARM PROPERTY OF BILLERICA. PROPERTY. No. Value. PRoVERrY. No. Value. Farms. Fruit trees not designated, 125 ples Grape vines...... axons. iieeaya fobs 6,889 5,276 Under 3 acres....... ein‘ stasis 7 From 3 to 5 acres.......... + i $23,782 From 5 to 10 acres a A Above 10 acres............. 199 acs Domestic Animals. 219 | $816,725 $185 516 Buildings. 1,283 1,594 Houses 5 530 Barns.. 2 | 216 4 SHedSiveisecsswacovesceves se 4 95, 21 Carriage houses....... aajene- 16 5 + SHOPS sieras seesiens as ogy anak 8 - 12 Stablesis. sacs oa Giews bean 2 1,879 Corn cribs........-.....0.4. 2 3,264 Cider mills................- + 3,825 Slaughter house............ a 27,822 Ice houses....... + 16,974 Out-buildings lu 1 ae 583 | $389,364 15 1,368 Land. 51 14 Land under crops, acres... 3,695 | $207,266 1,144 Market-gardens, acres...... 12 765 68 Nurseries, acres...........- 2 200 Orchards (the land) acres.. 329 27,992 ae $61,103 Unimproved land, acres., .. $38] 71,509 Unimprovable land, acres.. om Woodland, acres........+.- 119,629 , Aggregates. $427,361 Land........... «. | $427,361 Fruit Trees and Vines. ‘Buildings. : 389,304 Fruit trees and vines se as 23,782 Apple trees............006- 14,489 | 15,717 | Domestic animals......... 61,103 Cherry trees..... . 95 | 95 | Agricult.implements in use os 20,114 Crab-apple trees.. . 4 4 fas PERE UCOR ap ccpeeuna <4 ta wee 1,874 2,565 $921,724 The census of 1880 gives this record of manufactures in Billerica : Number of establishments, (including woolen flannels, 2, slaughtering and meat-packing, 1, machinery, 2, blacksmithing, 1, dye stuffs, 1, glue, 1, wheelwrighting, 1, vinegar, 1,) 11; hands employed, 282; capital invested, $579,500; value of product, $554,440; wages paid (one year), $110,344. The occupations of the people are thus reported: Women — Housewives, 382; domestics, 46; nurse, 1; teachers, 13; teacher of music, 1; dressmakers, 5; operatives, woolen-mill, 68; opera- tive, hosiery, 1; total, 517. Men—Clergymen, 6; lawyer, 1; physicians, 3; actor, 1; teachers, 2; chemists, 5; domestics, 2; nurse, 1; boarding-house keeper, 1; dealers in fish, 2; butchers, 3 ; 312 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. ‘ grocers, 6; clerks in stores, 4; railroad employées, 10; teamsters, 6; telegraph employées, 1; salesman, 1; peddlers, 2; milkmen, 2; merchants, lumber, 3; do., drugs and medicines, 1; manufacturing company official, 1; insurance official, 1; agent, 1; gardeners, 2; farm laborers, 117; farmers, 103; stock herder, 1; hostlers, 2; florist, 1; logwood-mill, 7; chemical works, 8; pianomakers, 2; building mover, 1; gluemaker, 1; machinists, 10; shoemakers, 7; printer, 1; painters, 7; masons, 6; carpenters, 22; cabinetmakers, 3; blacksmiths, 7; baker, 1; woolen-mill operatives, 90; wheel- wright, 1; upholsterer, 1; paper hanger, 1; marble and stone cut- ters, 3; iron foundry operative, 1; gold and silver worker, 1; dyers, bleachers, and scourers, 12; builder and contractor, 1; brass founder and worker, 1; medical student, 1; apprentice, 1; engineer, 1; manufacturers, 7; laborers, 55; laborer in store, 1. These facts and figures from the census may be fitly supplemented by the list of voters in 1880, as follows :— Alexander, Frank Alexander, Jonas Alexander, Joseph Alexander, Noble D. Alexander, Watson Averill, Mark Bailey, John B. Baker, Eben Baker, John H. Baldwin, Joel Baldwin, Joel W. Baldwin, Samuel W. Barker, Hiram P. Barrett, John Barrett, John, jr. Bartlett, Frank Bathrick, Walter Beach, Luther Beard, Sylvester E. Bennink, Gerrit H. Blake, Charles Blanchard, William piel Joseph E. Blood, Leonard Bohonan, Peter B. Bottomly, Allen Bottomly, John E. Bowers, Albert Bowers, Bradley V. Bowers, George Bowers, ‘Thomas P. Bowman, Clarence A. Bowman, Ebenezer Bowman, Francis Bowman, George Il. Bradley, James Bradley, William (. Brady, William G. Brann, Alpheus C. Bricket, William Brown, Alfred Brown, Benjamin Brown, Daniel A. Brown, Edwin F. Brown, Hiram C. Bruce, Jasper I. Bruce, Nathaniel F. Bryant, Loring G. Buckley, John Buckley, Lawrence Call, Joseph If. Call, Robert Callahan, Daniel Callahan, John Came, John Came, William Campbell, Samucl Cann, Bernard M. Carter, George K. Casey, Frederic Casey, Mathew Chase, Seward 8. Choate, William H. Clewly, William J. Clough, Moza A. Cobb, George R. Cobb, Mason F. Cobb, Nathaniel L. Coffey, Charles Colby, Foster KE. Colby. Harlow Colby, Homer H. Colby, Jonathan Cole. Samuel Collins, Alfred 8S. Collins, Charles A. Collins, Thomas KE. Colson, George F. Colson, Israel A. Connelly, John Conway, Martin Cook, Sears J. Cook, Sheldon W. Corliss, Charles 0. Costello, Edward Costello, Thomas Coughlin, Cornelius Coulter, Hugh Cowdrey, Francis B. Cowdrey, Granville Cowdrey, Marcus M. Cowdrey. Silas Cowdrey, Silas H. P. Crawford, John C, Crawford, Robert Cray. Amos Crosby, Benjamin F. MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. Crosby, Francis T. Crosby. Frank W. Crosby. George C. Crosby, Henry Crosby, John Crosby, Leander Crowley. ‘Timothy Curry. James H. Dane, Alden O. Davis, Augustus Day, James Delmage, John Delmage, Robert Diekinson, Edward F. Dickinson, Frederick * Doherty, Edward R. Dolan, Peter Donovan, James Doyle, Janes W. Dudley. Frederick H. Duren, Daniel K. Duren, Henry Duren, Henry W. Dutton, Henry A. Dutton, Hiram E. Eaton, William A. Elliott. George P. Ellis, James Essex, John W. Fairbrother, George Fairbrother, William Farrell, James Faulcon, John Fauleon, Littleton Faulkner, Jumes N. Faulkner, Luther W. Faulkner, Richard Fay, John Fellows, Arthur Fellows, Theophilus B. Fisk, John Fisk. John L. Fitz, Patrick J. Flanders, Charles W. Fletcher, Frank 'T’. Fletcher, James Fletcher, John 8. Fletcher, Nathan Fleteher, William E. Floyd, Daniel Foster, Dudley Foster, Nathaniel D. P. French, Frederick 8. Fuller, Frederick P. Fuller, Olin L. Fuller, William A. Fuller, William H. Gannon, John Ginnon, Lawrence Gannon, Lawrence B. Gatter, Frederick Gibbs, John tilbert, Benjamin J. Gleason. Philip Gleason, William 8. Gorham, Charles E. Gorham, John J. Gould, Joseph DD. Gragg. George W. Green, Joseph W. Greenwood, George Greenwood, Moses P. Greenyyood, William H. Grimes, Elmer A. Guinnee, William Hall. George Ham, Cyrus Ham, Foster Handley, Andrew Hannaford, Charles N. Hannaford, Ira N. Hannaford, Waldo Hannon, Elias Harding, Oliver M. Tlarnden, George F. Harnden, Joshua Harrigan, John F. Harrington, Hiram Harrington, John Harrington, John, jr. Tlarrington, Michael Harrington, ‘Timothy Harrington. Zadock Hart, ‘Thomas 8. Haskell, John Haulton, James Haulton. John Hayden, Howard E. Hayes, Michael Hazen, Henry A. Heald, Benjamin IT. Hencheliff, Joseph Ilennessey, Martin llerrick, George R. Higgins, Thomas Tiill, Charles H. Hill, Charles H.. jr. Hill, Frederick P. Hill, George H. Hill, Paul Hill, William W. Holden, George N. Holden, I. Newton Ilolden, Josephus Holden, Lewis H. Holden, Logene N. 313 Holden, Warren Holt, Joseph Ss. Holt, Watson A. Horner, William J. HIosmer, Charles E. Hosmer, Leander Howe, Philander D. Howley, John Hubbard, William A. Huntley. John Hurst, Charles T. Hussey, Christopher C. Hutchins, Benjamin C. Hutchins, Jason Kk. Hutchins. Whitney Hutchins, William Trish, Thomas Jaquith, Franklin Jaquith, Joseph Jaquith, Merrick Johnson. Austin Johnson, Lewis Jones, Anthony Judkins, Henry B. Kearney, Bernard Keating. Thomas Kershaw, Robert. Keyes, John Kimball, George A. Kimball, Ichabod G. Kimball, Samuel King, Herbert A. King, Samuel H. Kittredge, Charles Kittredge, John Knowles, John Kohlrausch, Charles H. Kohlrauseh, Chas. H.. jr. Leonard, George Leonard. George A. Livingston, Everett W. Lord, Edward Lothrop, Rufus. Lovejoy. James A. Lund, Charles W. Lund, Mark Lyons, Charles Lyons, Daniel Lyons, ‘Thomas Lyons, William Mackay, Haslet Mahoney, Jerry Mallinson. Frederick Manning, Asa P. Manning, Edwin 314 Manning, James W. Manning, Jesse Manning, Warren Marston, Amos Marston, Charles Mason, David Mason, David I.. Mason, Frederick L. Maxwell, George Maxwell, James Maxwell, Stewart Maxwell, Thomas Maynard, Aaron McCarthy, Patrick McElligott, Morris McElligott, Thomas MceGlone, Michael McIntire, William 8. McKee, Henry MeNulty, Michael McPhee, Hugh Meehan, John Meehan, Patrick Merriam, John A. Merriam, Josiah H. Merriam, Minot Merriam, William A. Mills, George Mills, John R. Mitchell, Moses C. Morey, Frederick .A. Morris, Charles E. Morris, Munroe Mugford, Hiram Mullen, Thomas Munroe, Archelaus 8. Munroe, Henry T. Munroe, Otis A. Murningham, Owen Murphy, Dennis Murphy, John F, Murphy, Michael W. Nason. Elias Nason, Paul Newhall, Howard Newhall, Israel Noyes, Francis V. O’Donnel, Morris O’ Keefe, Dennis Olney, Horace Osgood, Samuel Page, Ambrose F. Page, James Parker, Charles H. Parker, Daniel Parker, Frank Parker, Gardner HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Parsons, George W. Pasho, Aaron Pasho, Gardner S. Pasho, George Pasho, Joseph Patten, Thomas Patten, William H. Perrin, ‘Thomas E. Perry, Abishai 8. Perry, Josiah Perry, Richard Pillsbury, Samuel 1. Porter, Charles H. Preston, Edward Proctor, Warren A. Proudfoot, George Proudfoot, William Putney, Foster Putney, Herbert Quinn, Bernard Richardson, Albert R. Richardson, Charles L. Richardson, Edward Richardson, Francis E. Richardson, George W. Richardson, John O. Richardson, Joseph W. Richardson, Josiah Richardson, Josiah, 2d. Richardson, Nathan A. Richardson, Thomas K. Riley, John Riley, John, 2d. Riley, John, 3d. Riley, Patrick Riley, William Ripley, William F. Rivers, Anthony C. Rogers, Oliver C. Rogers, Oliver W. Rollins, Alden Rollins, Valentine Rosenthal, Henry Rowell, John E. Russell, Jonas Russell, Rufus K. Sanborn, Hugh M. Sanborn, William F. Schofield, Joseph Searles, George W. Seaver, Charles H. Shea, John Shed, Daniel Shed, Warren Sheldon, Herbert Sheldon, Orin Simonds, Thomas Sladen, Alfred B. Smith, Coburn 8S. Smith, Edgar E. Spaulding, Abel Spaulding, Benjamin E. Spaulding, Edward Spaulding, Edward, 2d. Spaulding, Gardner KE. Spaulding, George H. Spaulding. Thomas Splain, Daniel Sprowl, William Stackpole, Charles H. Stackpole, Isaac R. Stanhope, David Stanton, Albert D. Stanton, Henry B. Stearns, Albert Stearns, Chauncey C. Stearns, Franklin Stearns, John B. Stearns, Joseph Stearns, Sewall H. Stearns, William Stewart, Jaines P. Stone, Albert Stone, Jonas Stott, James Stott, Robert Sullivan, John Sutcliff. James Sutcliff, John T. Talbot, Charles K. Talbot, Thomas Temple. Henry W. Trull, Alpheus N. Tucker, Samuel Tufts, Alfred Tufts, Joseph B. Tuttle, Samuel LL. Underhill, Rufus Kk. Welch. Jeremiah Whalen, Martin Whiting, William Whitman, George H. Whittemore, James Wiggin, Frank Wiley, Stephen P. Wilson, Charles H. Wilson, George W. Wilson, Mark R. Wilson, Weston W. Wilson, William Winter, Samuel E. Wright, Jackson Wright, Josiah Wright, William C, i LIBRARY. ENNETT LI MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. 815 ‘The following list is the names of women who have applied to be registered to vote for school committee”; which a law recently enacted authorized them to do. As the historian is not a prophet, it is not his business to predict whether the number of women who desire this opportunity will increase or diminish. Baldwin, Elizabeth ('. Gould, Elvira R. Rogers, Harriet B. Bryant, Mary F. Gragg, Mary E. Sage, Martha H. Cole. Mary Hussey. Lydia C. Salter, Hannah IL. Faulkner, Fannie A. Hussey, Martha S. Talbot, Isabella W. Faulkner, Lois R. Jaquith, Abigail Talbot, Isabella White Faulkner, Martha W. Morey, Mary C. ‘Tucker, Annie G. Foster, Mary F. Rogers, Ann F. Lrprarizes. Mr. Farmer mentions the first ‘‘Social Library” in Billerica instituted in 1772 and one of the earliest in Massachusetts, and a Second Social Library was incorporated in 1807. One of these libraries apparently became the property of the First Parish, and the other of a Ladies’ Sewing Society ; and for many years they have been kept, practically united, in a room of. the First Church, in the care of Miss Sarah Annable as librarian, who, in 1876, reported seven hundred volumes. These have now passed to the custody of the new library. It had long been felt that the provision for the needs of the town in this respect was inadequate; and in 1880 the generous munificence of Mrs. Joshua Bennett laid the foundation for their better supply. The handsome building, of which we give a good illustration, standing just north of the First Church, has been erected at her expense and deeded to the Bennett Public Library Association; and her daughters, Mrs. Holden and Mrs. Warren, have contributed $2000 to its furnishing and the purchase of books, a good beginning for the growth which time may be expected to bring. A fee of five dollars is received for membership, and twenty- five dollars constitutes a life member of the association; but the use of books, without other privilege, is granted for the annual payment of one dollar. The building contains a library, with capacity for ter’ or twelve thousand volumes, which may be doubled by the use _of alcoves; a reading-room, a committee-room, and a handsome entrance hall and cloak-room. The reading-room is ornamented with a wide fireplace and beautiful mantel of unique design, contrib- uted by William W. Warren, Esq., and the front of the building is enriched by a fine rose-window, the gift'of Mr. Joshua Holden. Mr. William H. Osborn, of New York, also gave the lot on which 316 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. the library stands. The town owes much to Mrs. Bennett and her family for this timely and good foundation. It must exert a stimu- lating influence, and give a more generous culture to the coming generations who shall enjoy its privileges; and will contribute much to the prosperity and attractiveness of the town. A similar service has been rendered at North Billerica by the Messrs. Talbot; although the library which they have founded is intended primarily for their own employées, and its management is in their hands; but its use for a small fee is open to all. They erected, in 1880, a building connected with their factory, shown in the illustration as a front wing, the second story of which is devoted to the library and reading-room. It is supplied with more than a thousand volumes, a number which will be increased and well used under the judicious care of the Talbot. Library Association. It is proper that record be made here of two historical incidents. In 1855 the town formally and fitly celebrated the two hundredth anniversary of its foundation. The Rev. Joseph Richardson, of Hingham, a loyal son of the town, gave a historical oration, which was published, with other proceedings of the day, in a valuable pamphlet. That celebration had no little influence in awakening and stimulating the interest in the early life of the town, which has found expression in its repeated later action, looking to the publication of this volume and providing for it. A similar event was the celebration held, 1876, July 4. The centennial year of the United States naturally awakened renewed interest in historical subjects and led to many local commemorations. The Rey. Elias Nason responded effectively to an invitation of citi- zens to give a historical oration in Billerica; and the day will be long remembered by those who shared in the festivities in the beautiful grove southeast of the middle bridge. This oration also, with other record of the day, has been published. Some of the Indian names frequently mentioned in this volume suggest an interesting question of their meaning. This question, rather than hazard conjectures, I have submitted to the Hon. J. H. Trumbull, of Hartford, Connecticut, the only living man who can read Eliot's Indian Bible, and who is recognized as the highest authority as to the meaning of Indian words. He writes under date, 5 May, 1882 :— MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. 317 ** Pawtucket signifies ‘at the falls,’ (see Indian Names in Connecticat. p. 49). Wamesit (Wamnesut, Eliot) is ‘at the bottom of the fall’; literally, ‘at the going down.’ So Eliot locates it: *Wamesut . lyeth at the bottom of the Riuer Merymak.’ (Brief Narrative, 1670.) Gookin says, * where Concord riuer falleth into Merimack river.” ‘The same name occurs in Rhode Island; as Wampmessuch, below the falls on Pawtuxet River; and Woonsocket is another derivative from the same root. * Shawshin has lost. an initial syllable. or a single obscure consonant, probably m or i. (i.e. n’shau or m’shau) 3 possibly some other sound. It has no meaning in the form in which it comes to us. If 1 were familiar with the topography of the township. I think the name would interpret itself; but. as Lam not, [ will not hazard a guess. Nor can 1 confidently give the signification of Naticook or Naticott.” In a later note, he adds: That there is any affinity between the name Connecticut and Naticot or Naticook is highly improbable. Such aftinity can not be established unless it be shown that Naticet has lost an initial sound of Co, or Qui, or Quo. Naticook apparently is nearly related to Natick, the name of several localities ‘ in New England; and perhaps to Nantucket, formerly written Natocho, ete.” Nacook, the name of a brook in Dustable, must also be akin. The Psalmist sings of Jerusalem as ‘‘ beautiful for situation,” and the sons of Billerica, native or adopted, may justly speak her praise with similar enthusiasm. She has rivers, and ponds, and hills, with mountains in the distant background, affording a picturesque diversity of landscape. The Shawshin winds dreamily through its meadows on the east, and on the west is the Concord, much larger, but almost as sluggish. until it reaches the fordway and falls at North Billerica. West of the Concord is Broad meadow, on the north; Gilson Hill, with its fine outline in the centre, and the beautiful Winning’s Pond in the south, flanked by highlands towards the river, which were early known as ‘‘ Farley” Hill. Still farther southeast, in Carlisle, is the ‘Jong hill” of the fathers, with ‘‘long hill meadow,” still partly in Billerica. East of the Shawshin, the head waters of Ipswich River are found, in Lubber’s Brook, and Danforth’s ‘‘Stop” Brook is south of the Woburn Road, but no highlands find room within the mile of breadth here belonging to Billerica. The central swell of land between the two rivers has southerly the picturesque Nutting’s Pond, with Indian Hill on its northern side and on the east a plateau rising to the north, and, beyond a depression, terminating in Bare Hill. This hill is flanked by meadows, beyond which is the elevated ground on which the village is built, sloping towards the Concord, at the Corner. Fox Hill stands guard on the northeast of the village, descending rather abruptly to the lowlands and meadows along Fox 318 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Brook, on the northwest, and Content Brook below as it winds toward the Shawshin, and welcomes the ‘‘ Little Content” on its way, the _ latter rising east of Fox Hill. Another considerable brook runs southeast from Fox Hill to the Shawshin ;> and Web’s Brook, rising northeast of Bare Hill, pursues the same course. The swelling ground on which the village stands, wile not very high, is sufficiently elevated to give a wide view of the country in all directions. It may have interest to survey the scene in imagi- nation from the tower of the First Church. The spire of the North Tewksbury church is very nearly north and may be our starting point. When the atmospheric conditions are very favorable, a rounded summit may be dimly seen, which is almost certainly Gunstock Mountain, south of Lake Winnepesaukee, and sixty-five miles distant. Mt. Washington is in the same direction, and if it were otherwise possible to see this monarch of the White Mountains Gunstock would hide it. About twelve degrees east is Patuckawa, in Deerfield, New Hampshire, thirty-nine miles distant, and passing as much farther we come to Prospect Hill, once a Billerica landmark and watch-tower in days of Indian warfare. Then the village of Tewksbury and State Alms-house, and a little farther east a summit is to be seen, when the conditions favor, which may be Agamenticus, fifty-four miles away. ‘The village and seminary buildings at Andover are hidden by Fox Hill, but Holt’s Hill, southeast of Andover, marks the locality. Then coming almost to the east point we reach the vast building of the Insane Asylum, at Danvers, and passing the east point as far come to the tower of the church in Wilmington, and, a-little farther, Reading appears. A glimpse of the Woburn spires follows, and then the church in Burlington, but the Burlington highlands hide from view Bunker Hill Monument and the State House. Next come Arlington Heights and Blue Hill in Milton, Lexington, and Bedford, which marks the south point. Concord then shows its spires, and after a wider interval, about ten degrees south of west, Wachusett lifts its rounded and conspicuous summit. The spires of Westford cut the horizon as much north of west, and just beyond, in the distance, the singular head of Watatic, in Ashby, appears. Then we come to Gilson’s Hill in the foreground, and, beyond and just south of it, Robin’s Hill, in Chelmsford, and Kidder’s Mountain, in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, thirty-four miles distant. 5 This brook is sometimes called Wright’s, but is so favorite a fishing ground of our ex-governor that it might titly be christened “Talbot's” Brook. MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL. 319 This brings us to the monarch of the whole circle, Monadnock, whose sharp and grand crest must not be mistaken for some lower height less than forty-seven miles away. Farther north are two conspicuous and fine summits, called, on the recent official map of New Hampshire, Pack-Monadnock, but popularly known as Temple and Peterborough mountains. North of the latter, and through a depression in the hills which gives the railroad a passage-way, a rounded summit may be occasionally seen with beautiful distinctness against the evening sky, which I suppose to be Bald Mountain, in Antrim. Lyndeborough Mountain is succeeded by Crochet Mountain, in Francestown, with its longer crest; then Jo English Hill and, near by, the village of Mont Vernon. Just beyond, a very distant summit may sometimes be seen, which is possibly Sunapee Mountain, sixty-eight miles distant, but probably some height not quite so far; and the circle is rounded by the Uncanoonucks, in Goffstown, with North Chelmsford and Lowell inthe foreground. The chief interest of such an itinerary, if it has any, will be to those who may have opportunity to follow it for themselves and fill in the outline with other details. But it will serve to suggest to any one the broad expanse of hills, and plains, and streams, over which the eye travels to the distant summits. These, clothed in their ever changing attire of sunshine and shadow, afford a panorama of peculiar beauty and grandeur. ‘fo watch the play of cloud and storm as they travel over such a range is instructive and delightful; while the sunshine, with its shadows and above all its sunsets, is surpassing. ‘The praises of Andover sunsets have been sung more widely, as generations of students have come and feasted and gone out over the earth. But I have had opportunity to enjoy and study both, and I do not look to see, this side of the gates of pearl, any similar vision more indescribable in its beauty and glory than I have often witnessed in Billerica sunsets. THE END. (ENEALOGICAL REGISTER, - The following record of families is designed to include all names _and dates occuring in the town records of births, marriages and deaths, prior to 1800. Since that date, records which have been furnished by families, continuations of earlier families, and such others as the compiler has been able to gather, are added, but with no attempt at completeness, which was for obvious reasons impracticable. The three volumes of records of births, marriages and deaths before 1849, furnish the basis of this register. Additions and corrections have been gathered from various sources, of which the following should be mentioned :— 1. The tax-lists, which are consecutive, from 1733 to 1800, and other town records. 2. The record of baptisms of the First Church, extending from 1748 to 1834. > 3. Probate records and the registry of deeds. 4. Inscriptions upon grave-stones. 5.' Family records and the memories of individuals. 6, Family genealogies and histories of other towns. 7. The important collections of the New England Historical Genealogical Society, and the Register, which it has long published. The plan of this record is simple, and the abbreviations used are common and self-explanatory. Successive families, bearing the same name, are numbered, and the same heavy-faced -number is used after the name, where the person is previously mentioned as a child, and in connection with his marriage, elsewhere. When a son is afterwards mentioned as the father of a family, this reference figure following his name indicates the fact and the place where his family will be found, and if the figure does not follow a child’s name. no family follows. The completeness of such a record can be only approximate. The years of research, ‘represented by Bond’s Watertown and Wyman’s Charlestown Genealogies, have not been at the command of this compiler, and he can only say that he has done the best he could, in the short time at his disposal. Some errors of the records and of previous explorers, he has corrected, and if he has not added more than his own share to the mistakes to which all such work is exposed, it is as much as he can hope for. Charity is a lesson which one must needs learn who delves in such records and _ labors, and it should not detract from the esteem, approaching reverence, in which Billerica properly holds the services of Jonathan Danforth, to note the fact that an error is found in his record of birth of the first son and the first daughter of the town. ‘Trusting that this register will be found of value to the old town, to her sons and daughters abroad, and to sneer investigators, the author commits his work to their charitable judgment. 2 ABBOT. ABBOT. 1. Joshua, dea., was thé son of John Abbot. of Andover, whose father, George, was one of the first settlers of that town. He was born 1685, June 16; m. 1710, June 10, Rebecca Shed, dau. of John, 3. She d. 1720, April 7, and he m. Dorcas Whiting, dau. of Oliver, 3. She d. 1765, Dec. 23, and he d. 1769, Feb. 11. He was town clerk, and an active. useful citizen, and deacon of the church. Ch. Rebecca, b. 1711, March 27; d.1761, May 9. John, b. 1713, May 5; m. Hannah Richardson, dau. of Jonathan, 6, and lived in Westford, where he d. 1791, Oct. 22. Sarah. b. 1714-5, Feb. 24; in. Christopher Osgood. Mary and Hannah, b. 1717, Aug. 28; Mary m. Henry Jefts; Hannah m. Phinehas Osgood. Elizabeth, b. 1719, Dec. 7; m. Robert Walker; d. 1803. Joshua, 2, b. 1722, Oct. 28. Dorcas, b. 1724, Nov. 6, and d. 1810, Jan. 7. Oliver, 3, b. 1727, March 26. David, 4, b. 1729, April 27. Lydia, b. 1732, June 26, and d. 1748, Oct. 18. 2. Joshua, dea., son of Joshua, 1, b. 1722. Oct. 28; mm. 1746, March 6, Sarah Stearns, dau. of Isaac, jr., 7; she d. 1803, Sept. 7, and he d. 1807, Aug. 8. He gave a bell and a clock for the meeting-house, and left to the town a legacy of $1,400, the income to be devoted to the promotion of sacred music. He had only one son, Joshua, b. 1747, Nov. 2, and d. 1752, June 7. ; 3. Oliver, son of Joshua, 1, b. 1727, March 26; m. 1752, Feb. 138, Joanna French, dau. of William, jr., 13; she d. 1768, Aug. 20, and he m. 1769, Aug. 1, Abigail Hall. dau. of Rev. Willard, of Westford. He d. 1796, April 10, and his widow, 1804, Aug. 4. Ch. Joanna, b. 1753, April 18, and d. the next day. Lydia. b. 1754, July 11, and d. 1788, July 22. Joanna, b. 1755, July 24; m. 1776, May 21, Simeon Winship, of Lexington. Oliver, b. 1756, Dec. 1, and d. 1757, Feb. 9. Oliver Whiting, b. 1757, Dec. 5, and d. 1758, May 1. Beriah, b. and d. 1759, April 1. Silence, b. and d. 1760, July 21. Silent, b. and d. 1761, May 13. Dorcas, b. 1764, Dec. 19; m. Jonathan Bowers. Joshua, b. 1772, July 29, and d. 1795, June 7, in the island of Hispaniola. Abigail, b. 1774, Sept. 14; m. Ephraim Kidder, 19. lizabeth, b. 1779, Feb. 4. 4. David, son of Joshua, 1, b. 1729, April 27; m. 1752, Aug. 25, Hannah Ellis. She d. 1767, Dec. 17, and he m. 1768, June 28, Huldah Paine, of Malden, who d. 1797, Sept. 8. Hed. 1801, Nov. 15. Ch. David, b. 1760, June 5, and d. 1761, Dec. 19. David, b. 1770, Dec. 18; graduated H. C., 1794. and d. 1804, April 9. Blaney, b. 1772, Oct. 25; lived, unmarried, in Billerica; town clerk, and a useful citizen; d. 1855, July 17. 5. Jeremiah, son of Nathaniel, of Andover. and cousin of Joshua, 1, b. 1709, Nov. 4; he was a saddler; m. 1735, Dec. 2, Hannah Ballard, of Andover; he d. 1748, Aug. 28, and his widow m. 2d, William Stickney, esq., and d. 1789,'Feb. 17, aged 85. Ch. Hannah, b. 1735, Oct. 10; m. Oliver Farmer, 9. Jeremiah. b. 1738, Aug. 24, and d. 1740, April 12. Rebecca, b. 1741, July 13; m. Richard Boynton, and d. 1816. Jeremiah, b. 1745, July 20, and d. Aug. 7. William, b. 1746, July 21; m. 1769, Dec. 28, Rebecca Spalding, of Chelmsford, and lived in C. and in Wheelock. Vt. Jeremiah, b. 1748, Aug. 11; m. 1769, Jan. 19, Susannah Baldwin, of Tewksbury, and lived in Chelmsford and in Wilton, N. H. 6. David, son of David. of Andover, who was cousin of Joshua, 1, b. 1728, March 28; m. 1752, Dec. 28, Prudence Sheldon, dau. of Samuel, 3; lived in Andover, in Barton, Vt., in Salem, O., and 1775-8, in B., where was b. his youngest son; he had Ch. Hannah m. Aaron Parker, Campton, Quebec; Elizabeth, Prudence, Josiah, Samuel, David, Benjamin. Olive, Dorcas m. John Snow, and Jeremiah, b. 1776. May 18, who lived in Gorham and Portland, Me. David Abbot d. in B., 1788, Nov. 1. 7. Benjamin, son, prob. of David, 6, m. Betsey. Ch. Betsey, b. 1795. Jan. 1. Anna, b. 1796, April 22. Hannah, b. 1797, Nov. 16. 8. James, son of Joseph, of Andover, N. H.; b. 1768. Feb. 22; m. 1791, Feb. 20, Mehitable Holt. He wasa merchant. Town clerk one year, and representative. Ch. Sophronia, b. 1791, Dec. 7. James, b. ABBOT — ALLEN. 5 1793, June 2. Joseph, b. 1795, May 8. Daniel, b. 1797, May 23. Mehitabdle, bap. 1799, Feb. 24. Isaac, bap. 1800, Nov. 30. Jsaac, bap: 1804, July 15. John, bap. 1806, May 4. Clarissa, bap. 1808, March 13. 9. Nathan, son of Nathan, of Wilton. N. H.; m. Mary Wilson. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1785, Feb. 25; m. 1807, Sept. 6, Edward Russell, of Townsend. Martha, b. 1788, Jan. 19; m. Leonard Cushing. Nathan, 10, “b. 1790. Feb. 7. Lydia, b. 1792, Aug. 6; m. Nathaniel Stevenson. Sophronia, b. 1795, Jan. 20; m. 1819, Asa Bushby, Danvers. Judith, b. 1797, March 14; m. Levi Felton, Marlboro’. Asenath, b. 1801, June 17. Mary, b. 1806, Aug. 15; m. Henry Bushby, Danvers. 10. Nathan, son of Nathan, 9, b. 1790, Feb. 7; m. 1825, Nov. 10, Hannah Farmer, dau. of Oliver, 14. She d. in Lowell, 1878, Dec. 26. Ch. Oliver Farmer, b. 1826, Aug. 22, and d. 1827, Sept. 18. Hannah, b. 1827, July 27. Rachel, b. 1829, March 25. Henry, b. 1831, May 1, and d. June 20. Catherine, b. 1832, Oct. 12. George, b. 1835, March 6, and d. May 20. Louisa, b. 1836, July 13. Sarah Elizabeth, b. 1839, March 10, 11. George, son of Stephen. whose father, Stephen. was brother of Joshua, 1, m. 1779, April 1, Rebecca Blanchard. dau. of Simon, 4, Ch. Samuel. b. 1779, Nov. 2; lived in St. Stephen, N. B., and in Wilton or Salem, and had 7 ch. Rebecca. Sarah Stevens m. Gen. David Putnam, George, Ephraim, Elizabeth, Stephen. and Mary. ADAMS. 1. Jonas, of Chelmsford, m. 1740. Aug. 4, Rebecca, dau. of Benoni Spalding. 2. William, of Boston, m. 1766, Nov. 5, Rachel Hovey, prob. dau. of John. 8. Joseph, .m. 1794, May 2, Betsey Davis. f 4. Nathan, m. 1796, May 16, Hannah MacCarty, dau. of William Greenough. Mr. Adams was a tanner. merchant. and auctioneer, in Charlestown. ° 5. Amos, m. Susan Dodge, of Charlestown; he d. and she m. — Hamilton, and d. 1878. March 20. Ch. Esther m. Aleck Stowell, a jeweller, on Winter street, Boston. Edward Amos, b. 1837, Nov. 25, An early graduate of the Howe school. He was first. when the Rebellion arose, to volunteer for ‘‘three years or the war,” froin Billerica. He was active in raising the quota of the town, and did faithful service, until his death from wounds received near Petersburg, Va., 1864, June 27. A fine portrait has been presented by his friends to the Howe school. Susan. ALDEN, Henry, was in town befote 1685. His wife was Deborah. Ch. Altice. b. +1694, 01, 17." ALLEN, 1. Samuel, prob. son and grandson of Samuel. sr. and jr., of Manchester; b. 1700. He was a merchant in Newbury and Manchester, before settling in Billerica, 1763. He m. Abigail March. dau. of Rev. Edmund, of Amesbury. by whom he had d ch.; and 2d. Hannah Godfrey. of Newbury, by whom he had 14 ch. Only one daughter by the first wife lived to maturity. and several of the others died in infancy. His will is dated 1775, Feb. 3. and names ch. ‘Thomas, Jeremiah, Abigail and Dorcas, and the daughters of Samuel, deceased. Ch. Abigail m. Lunt, of Newburyport. Samuel, 2. Joseph d. at sea. Michael. captured at sea and impressed into the English service. Zadoc d. in B. Thomas. 8. Zerubbabel and Jeremiah, 4, b. 1752, Feb. 11. Dorcas m. Michael Parsons. Policy d.in B. Anney d. in Manchester. 2. Samuel, son of Samuel, 1, m. Salley Goodrich. of Newbury. He d. 1768, at Halifax. Ch. Sarah. Mary, b. 1768, Sept. 30. 3. Thomas, son of Samuel, 1, m. 1768, Oct. 13. Abigail Harvey. of Cape Ann. His name disappears from tax-list, 17938. Ch. Zadock, 5, b. 1770, Feb. 3. Abigail, b. 1773, June 3; m. William Tarbell. Anna, b. 1774, Nov. 26; unmarried. Joseph, 6, b. 1777, Jan. 31. Dorcas, b. 1780, June 1. 4. Jeremiah, son of Samuel; b. 1752, Feb. 11; m. 1776, July 4, Abigail Rogers, dau. of Samuel. 11. He lived where Dea. King now lives; / 4 ALLEN— BACON. d. 1837, Oct. 28. Ch. Abigail, b.1777, Oct.19. Jeremiah, 7, b. 1778. Aug. 12. Rebecca, b. 1780, April 15. Polly, b. 1782, March 28; m. 1814, March 1, Phillip Putnam, of Wilton, N. H. Samuel Rogers, b. 1783, Nov. 5. Americus, b. 1787, March 18; bap. 1786, the record says; lived in Carlisle, Penn. Nancy. b. 1789, April 4; m. John Richardson. 29. Ezra, 8, b. 1791, Sept. 23. Henry, 9, b. 1793, July 20. John, b. 1798, Jan. 5. : 5. Zadock, son of ‘Thomas, 2, b. 1770, Feb. 3; m. 1797, April 9, Sarah Patten, dau. of John, 12; she d. 1846, May. 8. Hed. 1840, May 1; lived on the East road, where his daughter Sophia now lives. Ch. Surah, b. 1799, Oct. 21; d. 1870, Nov. 3. Hannah Patten, b. 1825, May 7; m. Jonathan Wright. John, b. 1803, Oct. 24; d. 1871, May 23. Sophia, b. 1809, Nov. 1. Only the last born in Billerica. 6. Joseph, son of Thomas, 2, b. 1777, Jan. 31; m. 1808, Aug. 14, Jane Patten, also dau. of John, 12; she d. 1848, April 7. Ch. Charles Henry, b. 1808, Oct. 80. Hosley Patten, b. 1812, Aug. 5. 7. Jeremiah, son of Jeremiah, 4, b. 1778, Aug. 12; m. 1803, Oct. 23, Lucy Farmer, dau. of John. 11; he d. 1811, Dec. 2, and she m. Marshall. Ch. ‘Harriet B. i. 1828, Dec. 2, Samuel Parker, of Reading. Mary &. m. 1825, Dec. 1, James McKeen, of Dunstable. John Farmer lived in Lyndeboro’, N. H. Samuel m. Lucy J. Coffin; d. 1853, Nov. 12. , 8. Ezra, son of Jeremiah, 4, b. 1791, Sept. 23; m. 1819, Nov. 8, Nancy Buber, of Wrentham. He lived where James Page lives, on the Wilmington road. Ch. Cornelius Erasmus, b. 1820, Oct. 30, and d. 1822, Nov. 10. Ezra Leonidas, bh. 1823, May 23. : 9. Henry, son of Jeremiah, 4, b. 1793, July 20; mn. 1817, Oct. 29, Eliza Ruggles, of ‘l'aunton; lived where his father did. Ch. Edwin Henry, b. 1818, Aug. 27. Eliza Minerva, b. 1822, April 21, at Wilton, N. H.; m. 1841, Sept. 28, Rufus Clement, of Boston. Elona Melvina, b. 1824, April 19. Sanford Eaton, b. 1828, March 28; both at Lyndeboro’, N. H. Martha Colwell, b. 1830, March 16; m. William Bohonan, and d. 1853, Dec. 24. 10. Abraham, m. 1825, July 26, Hannah Carkin, of Chester, N. H. ANGIER. 1. Robert, name on tax-list, 1770-5; wife, Martha. Ch. Jesse, b. 1763, July 9. John, b. 1765, Aug. 21. Asa, b. 1768, March 29. Bette, b.1771. June 19. Samuel, b. 1774, Feb. 2. 2. Charles, had dau. Sarah; bap. 1765, Nov. 3. ATHERTON, Dr. Benjamin, was son of Joshua, of Lancaster, and grandson of James, of Dorchester, who was brother of Gen. Humphrey Atherton, who once represented Billerica at the General Court. His father had a brother Peter, whose son, Joshua, H. C., 1762, was Attorney-General of New Hampshire, and father of Hon. Charles H. Atherton, of Amherst, N. H., a member of Congress. Dr. Atherton m. 1733, Dec. 25, Mary Rogers, widow of John, 8, and d. 1739. Sept.1. Ch. Mary, b. 1734, Sept. 12; was living in 1783. Benjamin, b. 1736, Dec. 9; was brought up by his uncle, Col. Peter Atherton, of Harvard; enlisted in the French and Indian War, and before the Revolution, settled at Sheffield, N. B.. on the St. John river. Was the first coroner in that province, and register of wills and deeds. In 1780, he removed to the site of the city of Fredericton, and when that city was laid out, he was given by the government a large farm in Prince William, twenty-five miles up the river. He m. 1773, March 30, Abigail Mores, and had a son, Israel. Dr. Alfred B. Atherton, of Fredericton, is his grandson. He d. 1816, July 17. BACON. 1. Michael, grandson of Michael, of Dedham, and son of Michael, jr., one of the first settlers of Woburn; was b. prob. in Charlestown, about 1640. He purchased, 1682, July 19, the farm of 500 acres, which had been granted by Cambridge to the Rev. Mr. Mitchell. It was situated on Shawshin river, above the Wyman farm. and in the north-east part of what became Bedford. Probably he had held the farm by lease before the purchase, as the births of his children are recorded here after 1671, and he had a grant, 1680, March, of forty acres adjoining Mrs. Mitchell’s farm, on the south-east of Shawshin river. and reaching almost to John Wilson’s saw mill. He m. 1660, March 22, Sarah, dau. of ‘Thomas BACON. 5 Richardson, and sister of Thomas, 1, of Billerica. She d. 1694, Aug. 15; he d. 1707, Aug. 13. Ch. (The first four b. in Woburn). Mary, b. 1661, March 1. Sarah, b. 1663, Aug. 24. Abigail, b. 1666-7, Mareh 5. Michael, a shoemaker, in Billerica, 1696. Jonathan, 2, b. 1672, July 14. Nathaniel, 8, b. 1675, Sept. 18. Josiah, 4, b. 1678, Oct. 20. Ruth, b. 1681, Sept. 24. Benjamin, 5, b. (?). Joseph, 6, b. 1685, May 8. 2. Jonathan, son of Michael, 1, b. 1672, July 14; m. 1694, Jan. 3, Elizabeth Giles, and 1739, Aug. or Sept. 22, Elizabeth Hancock, widow of Benjamin Wyman, of Woburn. He d. 1754, Jan. 12. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1695, Nov. 26. Sarah, b. 1696, Dec. 25; m. Israel’ Putnam, 2. Anna, b. 1698, April 28, and d. Oct. 8. Jonathan, b. 1700, Dec. 18. Mary, b. 1702, Sept. 18. Bridget, b. 1706-7, Jan. 5. Anna, b. 1709, Aug. 19. 3. Nathaniel, son of Michael, 1, b. 1675, Sept. 18; m. Judith Wyman, dau. of Francis, of Woburn. Ch. Nathaniel, b. 1699-1700, March 1. Judeth, b, 1701, Oct. 19. (The record says 1702, which is impossible, as it re her death 1701, Dec. 30). Judeth, b. 1702, Nov. 10. Abigail, b. 704-5, Jan. 1; m. 1725, Aug. 26, Thomas Grover. Sarah, b. 1707, April 10; m. 1726-7, March 2, Benjamin Grover, of Stoneham. Michal, b. 1708-9, March 22, and d. Dec. 30. Susanna, b. 1710, Oct. 5. Michal, b. 1718, Oct. 29. Joseph, b. 1716, March 31. - Thomas, b. 1721, Sept. 138. 4. Josiah, son of Michael, 1, b. 1678, Oct. 20; m. Mary. Lieut. Josiah Bacon d. 1723, Oct. 14. Ch. Jesiah, 7, b. 1702, April 27. ' Mary, b. 1708, Oct. 20, and d. Nov.16. Mary, b. 1704, Dec. 9, and d. Jan. 8. Mary, b. 1706, Oct. 14. Lydia, b. 1710, June 6. Samuel, b. 1719, March 25, and d. April 19. ! 5. Benjamin, son of Michael, 1, m. 1712, Dec. 2, Abigail Taylor, of Concord. e d. 1727, Nov. 27. Ch. Benjamin, \b. 1718, Dec. 6. John, b 1716, June 16, and d. 1760, May 26. Abigail, b. 1718, Sept. 25. Samuel, b. 1721, July 21. Mary, b. 1726, Oct. 28, and d. Dec. 28. 6, Joseph, son of Michael, 1, b. 1685, May 8; m. 1716, May 9, Rebecca ‘Taylor, (of Concord?). He d. 1747, Nov. 29, and she d. 1778, Aug. 24, aged 91 years, 9 months, and 16 days. Ch. Rebecca, b. 1717, April, 17; d. 1763. Feb. 20. Lydia, b. 1719, Sept. 20. ?. Josiah, son of Josiah, 4, b. 1702, April 27; m. 1726, June 23, Sarah Davis, dau. of dea. Joseph, 1. She m. 2d, Capt. Enoch Kidder. Ch. Josiah, b. 1727, April 23. Solomon, b. 1728, Nov. 27. David, b. 1730, Aug. 30. Joshua, b. 1732, Sept. 14. William, 8, b. 17384, Aug. 8. Ebenezer, b. 1736, Sept. 15. James, b. 1738, June 30. Sarah, b. (?). Aug. 18. Mary, b. 1742, Feb. 5. Joseph, b. 1745, March 24. Liday, b. 1747. Aug. 23; m. Isaac Foster, son of 7. 8. illiam, son of Josiah, 7, b. 1734, Aug. 8; m. Sarah——. His name disappears from tax-list, 1758. Ch. Adoniram, bap. 1758, April 9. 9. John, is on tax-list, 1783, and after. No record of family. 10. Jonas, and wife Betsey. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1785, Sept.5; m. 1809, July 30, Samuel Reed, of Acton. Abigail, b. 1787, April 17; m. Jonathan French. 80. Jonas, b. 1789, May 10. William, b. 1791, April 9. Charlotte, . b. 1793, Sept. 23;° m. 1811, Dec. 19, John Monroe, of Lexington. Sophronia, b. 1795, June 5. Oliver, b. 1797, Sept. 8. George, 11,.b. 1799, Sept. 7. Zulima, b. 1802, April 9; m. 1820, April 6, Roger Lane, of Bedford. Lavinia, b. 1804, Oct. 18. Levi, b. 1806, Dec. 10. 11. George, son of Jonas, 10, b. 1799, Sept. 7; m. Mary Bates, of Concord, and Sophronia Gove; now lives in Lexington. Ch. Mary H., b. 1826, Feb. 5. George Edwin, b. 1829, Oct. 10. Edward Carrington, b. 1831, March 4. John Douglass, b. 1832, Sept. 14. Caroline. Elizabeth, b. 1833. Dec. 18. Susan Maria, b. 1835, June 20; m. Lewis Johnson. Stebbins Fisk, b. 1840, May 20; d. 1841, Nov. 15. Clarence Richardson, b. 1842, March 20. Ellen Sophronia, b. 1845. March 23. Anna Bemis, b. 1850, Aug. 10; d. George Bickford, b. 1852, Nov. 24; d. Alice Gertrude, b. 1854, Feb. 24; m.—— Chisholm, of South Boston. 6 BAILEY —BALDWIN. BAILEY. 1. Jonathan, 1780-2; m. 1777, Feb. 20, Elizabeth Baldwin, dau. of Benjamin, 12. The name is on tax-list a few years, but no children are recorded. 2. Kendall, on tax-list, 1795. 3. John Barnard, a homeopathic physician; came to Billerica in 1876; b. 1815, June 13; m. Frances Woodbury Paterson; lives on the Lowell road. near the corner. 4. John Mason, son of preceding; b. 1842, Feb. 15; m. 1877, Aug. 20, Phebe J. Gaskill, dau. of Libeus, of Woonsocket, R. I. He bought the farm north-east of Winning pond, in 1872, and by the extent of his improvements and experiments, has given it celebrity as ‘‘ Winning farm.” He has stocked it with thorough-bred Jersey cattle, Cotswold, Oxfordshire, and Merino sheep, and Berkshire swine. He was the first in. this ccuntry to introduce the French system of ensilage, or the building of silos for the preservation of forage crops in their green state, and he is publishing ‘‘The Book of Ensilage,” a treatise on the system, ‘with history and results of his experiments. BAKER. 1. John, and wife Sarah, came from England, where their ch. were born; lived on Andover street, the place, now occupied by Rev. John Haskell. He died 1844, Sept. 15, aged 50. Ch. Mary, b. 1819, Nov. 15 m. William 8. Gleason, 4. Ann, b. 1823, Aug. 10; m. George Hall. Eliza, b. 1825, Dec. 14; .m. James P. Wason, and is now a widow in California. ben, 2, b. 1829, May 16. John Francis, b. 1831, June 20; in California. William Henry, b. 1836, Jan. 1; in California. 2. Eben, b. 1829, May 16; m. Elizabeth Ann Boynton, of Bedford, N. H. He is a butcher, and lives opposite his father’s place. Ch. John Henry, b. 1859, Jan. 380. | Carrie Emily. b. 1863, Dec. 25. Lucy Murdock, b. 1865, Sept. 5. Fred Herbert, b. 1867, Oct. 1. Charles Eben, b. 1870, Jan. 30. Roscoe Chase, b. 1877, July 12. : BALDWIN. 1. John, was prob. a brother of Henry, of Woburn, who is said to have been from Devonshire. He m. Mary, dau. of Thomas Richardson, of Woburn, and sister of Thomas, 1, of Billerica, 1655, May 15. This implies that he came to B. as early as this date; no other evidence has been found of his presence before 1657. He lived on the west side of Long street, near Mrs. Bennett’s residence, north of Jonathan Danforth’s. He d. 1687, Sept. 25. Ch. Mary, b. 1659, July 28, and d. Aug. 1. Mary, b. 1663, April 12. John, 2, b. 1665, Sept. 25. Jonathan, 8, b. 1667-8, Jan. 28. Susanna, b. 1670, May 14, and d. 1675, Sept. 8. “Thomas, 4, b. 1672, March 26. Phebe. b. 1675-6, Feb. 7, and d. March 24. Susanna, b. 1677, April 14; m. Joseph Hill, 8. Phebe, b. 1679-80, Feb. 7; m. Dr. Roger ‘Toothaker, 2. 2. John, son of John, 1, b. 1665, Sept. 25; m. 1689-90, Feb. 12, Sarah Heywood, prob. dau. of John. of Concord. She d. 1741, Feb. 9. He d. 1736, April 6. Ch. Sarah, b. 1690, Dec. 28; m. William Simonds. Mary, b. 1692, Dec. 16; m. Joseph Brown, 4. Jude, b. 1695-6, Jan. 20. Thomas, 5, b. 1697-8, March 15. Ruth, b. 1699, April, 18. John, b. 1701, July 27, and d. Sept. 10. Elizabeth, b. 1702, Sept. 21; m. 1734, May 8, Joseph Johnson, of Woburn. Abigail, b. 1705, April 15; m. 1729-30, Jan. 9, James ‘Tompson. John, b. 1707-8, Jan. 21, and d. 1738, Oct. 24. William, 6, b. 1710, Sept..15. 3. Jonathan, son of John, 1, b. 1667-8, Jan. 28; m. 1695, Dec. 13, Mary French, dau. of Jacob, 8. He d. 1735-6, Feb. 17. Ch. Mary, b. 1696, Sept. 15; m. William Brown, 6. Susanna, b. 1698, Dec. 9. Jonathan, 75 b. 1700-1, Feb. 21. Samuel, b. 1703, April 9, and d. 1705, J uly 22. Josiah, 8, b. 1708, May 22. 4, Thomas, son of John, 1, b. 1672, March 26; m. Sarah. Ensign Thomas d. 1747, Dec. 12. His widow d. 1761, June 16. Ch.’ John, 9, b. 1699, Nov. 10. Joseph, b. 1702. Sept. 145 m. 1728, June 14, Esther Manning, (see 4). Jacob, b. 1704-5, March 18. David, 10, b. 1711, June 9. Samuel, 11, b. 17138, April 12. Jeremiah, b. 1714, July 29, and d. 1741, Aug. 3. Phebe, b. 1717-18, Jan. 19. Benjamin, 12, b. 1724, April 9. BALDWIN. 7 5. Thomas, son of John, 2, b. 1697-8, March 15; m. Dorothy Kidder, dau. of Ephraim, 8. Ch. Dorvthy, b. 1719, July 28. Rachel, b. 1721, Oct. 7. Thomas, 18, b. 1723-4, Feb. 22. Eleazar, b. 1725-6, March 11. Joseph, b. 1728, Oct. 20. Benjamin, b. 1730, Dec. 10. Ephraim, b. 1783, June 5. Asc, b. 1734, Dec. 22. 6. William, son of John, 2, b. 1710, Sept. 15; m. 1741, Sept. 23, Mary Farmer, dau. of Oliver, 5. He d. 1762, Dec. 21, and she d. 1803, Sept. 25. Ch. Sarah, b. 1742, July 5; m.——Frost, of Tewksbury. John, 14, b. 1748-4, Jan. 13. William, 15, b. 1748, April 12. Thomas, b. 1751, Feb. 27. and d. 1796, June 12. Micah, b. 1753, Oct. 1; went to Ticonderoga. Mary, b. 1756, April 15; d.in Tewksbury. Nahum, 16, b. 1759, May 16. Oliver, b. 1762, Feb. 12. ?. Jonathan, son of Jonathan, 8, b. 1700-1, Feb. 21; m. 1725-6, Jan. 19, Esther Farley, dau. of George, 6. He lived east of Shawshin river, in the part annexed to Wilmington, 1737. Ch. Joshua, b. 1727, July 4, and d. July 5. Ebenezer, b. and d. 1728, June 11. Abigail, b. 1729, Oct. 13, and d. Oct. 20. Esther, b. 1730-1, Feb. 7. Jonathan, b. 1733, April 7. Mary, b. 1735, May 26. Samuel, b. 1737, Sept. 7. 8. Josiah, son of Jonathan, 3, b. 1708, May 22; m. 1731, Dee. 2, Susanna Davis, dau. of dea. Joseph, 1. The two latter children were born in Tewksbury. Ch. Josiah, b. 1738, Oct. 14. . Jesse, b. 1788, May 10. Susanna, b. 1741, Dec. 16; m. John Pollard, 3. 9. John, son of Thomas, 4, b. 1699, Nov. 10; m. 1726, May 4, Sarah Hill, dau. of Samuel, jr., 10, and prob. 1758, Feb. 21, Elizabeth Parkhurst, of Chelmsford. Ch. Katharine, b. 1727, Sept. 25; m. Nathaniel Cummings. Sarah, b. 1729, Aug. 27, and d. Sept. 13. John, 17, b. 1731, Nov. 1. Jonas, b. 1734, Oct. 29. and d. Feb. 10. Martha, b. 1736, Sept. 27, and d. Dec. 7. Joseph, b. 1739, Dec. 8, and d. March 1. Jeremiah, b. 1741-2, Jan. 15, and d. Feb. 17. Tamer, b. 1748, Oct. 18, and d. Jan 1. 10. David, son of Thomas, 4, b. 1711, June 9; m. 1737, June 6, Sarah Hill, dau. of Samuel, 6. Shed. 1750, April 21, and he in. 2d, 1752, June 18, Kezia Bennet, of Lancaster. Ch. David, b. 1738-9, Jan. 18, and d. Feb. 13. Surah, b. 1739-40, Feb. 4; m. 1761, May 7, Joseph Locke, of Lexington. Ursle, b. 1741-2, Jan. 10, and d. Feb. 7. Deburah, b. 1748, June 26, and d. 1744, March 22. Rizpah, b. 1746, Dec. 15, and d. 1749, May 6. Solomon, b. 1750, April 15, and d. April 17. Kezia, b. 1753, April 10. Hannah, b. 1754, Nov. 19; m. Asa Patten, 18. Abigail, b. 1756, Feb. 2. David, b. 1758, Aug. 20; .m. 1792, July 12, Ruhamah Davis, of Chelmsford. Jiucy, b. 1760, Sept. 11. 11. Samuel, son of Thomas, 4, b. 1713, April 12; m. 1754, Dec. 10, Elizabeth Hosley, the widow of John, 8. She d. 1779, March 381, and he d. .1797, Jan. 8. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1755, July 12; m. Joseph Farmer, 12. Rachel, b. 1757, April 5. (The baptismal record names this child Martha). Phebe, b. 1759, Nov. 17; m. Thomas Craig. 12.: Benjamin, son of Thomas, 4, b. 1724, April 9; m. 1747, April 2, Sarah Pollard, dau. of Edward, 2. Ch. Benjamin, b. 1747, Dec. 21, and d. 1749, Sept. 6. Jeremiah, b. 1749, July 23; m. 1780, April 11, Rebecca Totman. Sarah, b. 1751, Aug. 1; m. Joseph Foster, 10. . Elizabeth, b. 1753, Sept. 27; m. Jonathan Bayley. Benjamin, b.1755, Dec. 1; m. 1784, Sept. 12, Betty Davis, widow of Joshua, 8. Svlomon, b. 1758, Feb. 19, and d. June 21. Rhoda, b. 1759, June 26; m. 1781, Feb. 20, John Frye, of Andover. Patte, b. 1761, Aug. 12; m. Nahum Baldwin, 16. Rizpah, b. 1763, Sept. 10; m. Edward Farmer, 16. -Allice, b. 1766, May 14; m. 1785, July 16. Olive, b. 1769, March 5. 18. Thomas, son of Thomas, 5, b. 1723-4, Feb. 22; m. 1759, March 8, Abigail Pollard, dau. of Edward, 2. Ch. Isaac, b. 1760, May 22. Abigail, b. 1761, Sept. 22; m. Jesse Manning, 17. Abel, b. 1764, July 23. Zilpah, b. 1767, Oct. 2. : 14, John, son of William, 6, b. 1743-4, Jan. 13; m. 1769, March 17, Susannah Chamberlam. -She d., and he m. a widow Sanders, of 8 BALDWIN. yew belury, where he lived and had other ch. Ch. Rebecca, b. 1770, April 8. 15. William, son of William, 6, b. 1748, April 12; m. 1773, July 16, Susanna Wilson. She d. 1773, Sept. 14, and he m. 1777, May 20, Susanna Wilson, who d. 1801, April, aged 48. He d. 1802, April. Ch. William, b. 1778, May 24, and d. 1798, Sept. 20. Thomas, 20, b.1780, Jan 26. Francis, b. 1782, March 21, and d. 1805, Sept. 21. Susanna, b. 1784, Sept. 17, and d. 1803, March 17. John, 21, b. 1786, Sept. 1. Surah. b. 1788, June 3; m. 1810, Nov. 18, Moses Foster, of Andover. Oliver, b. 1790, Aug., and d. 1796, March 15. Henry, 22, b. 1792, July 27. Joshua, b. 1795, July 31; m.; lived in Charlestown; d. 1870. 16. Nahum, son of William, 6, b. 1759, May 16; m. 1783, Sept. 25, Patte Baldwin, dau. of Benjamin, 12. Ch. Mary, b. 1784, April 4; m: Bird. She d. after 1850, and a dau. Mary. Patty, b. 1789, June 27; m. Thomas Shed, 24. Rizpah, b. 1791, May 8; not m. Nahum, b. 1793, Nov. 10; not m. 17. John, son of John, 9, b. 1731, Nov. 1; m. 1758, Feb. 3, Elizabeth Parkhurst, of Chelmsford. Ch. John, b. 1759, March 8. Timothy, b. 1762, April 13; m., and lived in Lyndeboro’, N. H.; bad two sons. John and Joel, 23. Betty, b. 1763, July 27; m. Asa Marshall. Joel, b. 1766, May 8; d. unmarried. Asa, b. 1770, Nov. 15; m. 1795, Feb. 11, Ruth Kidder. Sarah, b. 1776, Jan. 5. 18. Reuben, m. 1787, Nov. 13, Sarah Farmer, dau. of Edward, 10. He was drowned 1807, May 13. Ch. Edward Farmer, b. 1788, Apidil 5. Sally. b. 1790, Aug. 6. Rizpah, b. 1794, July 8; m. 1818, Dec. 6, Henry H. Merrill. Almeria, b. 1796, April 24. Jonathan, b. 1798, April 7. Hunnah Farmer, b. 1800, July 12. George, b. 1803, April 11. Mary, b. 1806, Feb. 22. .19. Abel. Name on tax-list, 1766-78, and he m. 1767, Jan. 21, Abigail French, dau. of Ebenezer, 14. No children are recorded. 20. Thomas, son of William, 15, b. 1780, Jan. 26; m. 1804, Aug. 5, Lydia Brown. He d. 1811, Aug. 28. Ch. Susan Wilson, bap. 1305, Noy. 17. William, bap. 1807, April 19. Zouisa, bap. 1807, Sept. 20. 21. John, son of William, 15, b. 1786, Sept. 1; m. 1810, Nov. 13, Clarissa Parker, dau. of Isaac, of Andover. She d. 1867, May 28, aged 75. Col. Baldwin was a leading and influential citizen; often called to important offices; d. 1875, June 25. Ch. Sarah, b. 1811, June 29. Clarissa, b. 1818, May 23; d. 1814, Oct. 22. John, 24, b. 1815, May 25. Francis, 25, b. 1817, June 18. Mary, b. 1819, Nov. 6; m. Charles H. Parker, 25, aien be 1821, April 23; d. 1825, Sept. 14. Elizabeth Caldwell, b. 1824, ug. 19. 7 22. Henry, son of William. 15, b. 1792, July 27; m. 1819, June 20, Anne Whiting, dau. of dea. Samuel, 12 He was a merchant and lived on the east side of the common; d. 1846, June 1, and his widow, 1874. J uly 28. Ch. Henry Augustys, b. 1821, March 12; d. 1853, Feb. 11. Samuel Whiting, b. 1824, March 8. He was the first soldier drafted from town in the war, and responded promptly, doing brave and good service. Mary Ann, b. age 7; d. 1828, Sept. George F., b. 1827, Sept. 17; d. 1850, an. 26. 23. Joel, son of Timothy, of Lyndeboro’, N. H., and erandson of John, 17, m. Mary Fry. He removed from Lyndeboro’ to Billerica, 1825, and lived west of the Shawshin river. at the first place south of the Wilmington road. He d. 1850, April 19, aged 54. Ch. John Fry, b. 1823, March 14. Joel, 26, b. 1824, Aug. 24. Mary Ann, b. 1826, Dec. 4; m. William Manning, (see 15). Charlotte Fry, b. 1830, June 18; d. 1832, July 14. Charles Henry, b. 1834, Jan. 8; d. 1837, May 25. William Henry ; b. 1838, Jan. 14; m. Mary Balkam and lives in Lowell. 24. John, son of John, 21, b. 1815, March 25; m. Lucy Ann Mears. He now lives in Chicago. Ch. John Albert, b. 1837, Nov. 6. Herbert Livingston, b. 1843, Feb. 1. Bie mace BALDWIN—BEARD. 9 25. Francis, son of John, 21, b. 1817, June 18; m. 1839, Nov. 28, Rachel Ann Parker, of Wilmington. He d. 1878, Dec. 18. Ch. Frank Stanley, b. 1841, Oct. 26; d. 1849, Feb. 2. Ellen, b. 1843, Feb. 17; d. Sept. 2. Langdon Williams, b. 1845, April 13, and d. Oct. 13. Annie Gilbert, b. 1847, Sept. 12; m. Prof. Samuel Tucker. Catherine Gillis, b. 1851, March 26; m. Fred. H. Parker, (see 24). Henry, b. 1864, May 28. 26. Joel, son of Joel, 28, b. 1824, Aug. 24; m. Elizabeth Trull, of Tewksbury. Ch. Annie Miranda, b. 1850, De. 27; m, Joseph Jaquith, (see 9). Joel Washington, b. 1853, Feb. 1, BALLARD, Jonathan, m. 1722, Aug. 30, Hannah Kidder, dau. of Ephraim, 3. Ch. Jonathan, b. 1723, Aug. 16. Ephraim, b. 1725, May 6. Hannah, b. 1726, Oct. 28. BARKER, Hiram Parker, b. in Hardwick, Mass., 1838, Nov. 3; m. 1863, March 19, Caroline Frances Harrington, dau. of Zadoc. Ch. George Hiram, b. 1863, Aug. 7. Edward Augustus, b. 1864, Nov. 5, BARRETT. 1. Oliver, is on.tax-list, 1768-70. Ch. Benjamin Fish, bap. 1770, Jan. 21. * 2. Stephen, perhaps son of Col. James, of Concord; m. 1781, April 8, Lucy Kidder, dau. of Ephraim, 15. Ch. Stephen, 3, b. 1781, Sept. 11. John, b. 1784, Feb. 1. Lucy, b. 1786, Feb. 16. Sally, b. 1791, June 15. Polly, b. 1793, Oct. 1; m. 1815, Jan.. John Richards. Lucinda, b. 1799. May 26. Martha, b. 1801, March 5. Abigail, b. 1804, June 28. 8. Stephen, son of Stephen, 2, b. 1781, Sept. 11; m. 1807, May 10, Olive Rogers, widow otf Thomas, 13, who d. 1848, Sept. 2. Ch. Thomas Rogers, b. 1809, March 4. 4. Stephen, of Medford, m. 1805, Nov. 28, Lucretia Davis, dau. of Timothy, 5, and 1810, May 22, Christina G. Welsh. Ch. Lucretia, b. 1806, Sept. 6. : BARRON. 1. Samuel, and wife Sarah. Ch. Jane, b. 1736, Dec. 1. Susanna, b. 1738, April 26. 2. Moses and wife Elizabeth; he d. 1761, Nov. 4, and she m. 1766, Dec., Samuel Fowle, of Woburn. Ch. Jsaac, 3, b. 1750, Sept. 18. Elizabeth, b. 1753, Feb. 12. Richard, b. 1756, April 30; d. 1762, Aug. 25. Moses, b. 1758, July 8. ; 3. Isaac, son of Moses, 2, b. 1750, Sept. 18; m. 1772, June 4, Anna Spaulding, dau. of Asa, 8. Ch. Isaac, b. 1772, Sept. 12. Moses, b. 1776, April 26. Anna, b. 1781, July 6. Isaac, b. 1783, Nov. 24. BATCHELLER. 1. Joseph, m. 1796, Dec. 15, Hannah Trull, dau. of Samuel, 8. Ch. Joseph, b. 1797, April 25. Josiah, b. 1799, May 28. Hannah, b. 1800, Oct. 28; m. 1822, June 25, James H. Eames, of Reading. Sophronia, b. 1802, May 20; m. 1825, May 19, William Taintor, of Boston. Eliza, b. 1804, Feb. 20. Brooks Trull, b. 1813, Jan. 7. : 2. Isaac, had John Fowler bap. 1814, Nov. 27. Frederick Augustus Prince, was bap. 1812, May 24, but the father’s name is wanting. BEAN, William, on tax-list, 1770-2. Ch. William, bapt. 1772, April 25. BEARD. 1. Andrew, was in Menotomy, [Arlington], 1672. His son. Ebenezer, was b. in Charlestown, and that John and Simon. were his sons is probable. He was in Billerica as early as 1713; lived east of the Shawshin, in the part of the town annexed to Wilmington, in 1737. He d. 1717-8, Jan. 8, and his widow, Mary, m. James Frost, 5. Ch. John, 2. Simon, m. 1725, June 2, Sarah Hopkins, dau. of William, 1. Ebenezer, 8, b. 1701-2, Jan. 1. Jacob, 4, b. 1709, Dec. 26. Martha, b. 1714, Aug. 21; m. Jacob Manning, 9. Nathan had a guardian, 1719. 2. John, (sce above), m. Hannah. Ch. John, 5, b. 1716, Aug. 26. Aaron, 6, b. 1717, Nov. 25. Andrew, b. 1719, Sept. 11. Mary, b. 1721, Aug. 13, and d. 1738, June 11. David, 7, b. 1723, April 19. Jonathan, 8, b. 1725, May 9. Nathan, 9, b. 1728, Oct. 3. 8, Ebenezer, son of Andrew. 1, b. 1701-2, Jan. 1; m. Esther. Ch. Esther, b. 1725, June 27; m. 1757, Feb. 15, Nathaniel Cutler, of Woburn. 10 BEARD. Prob. Ebenezer, 10, and some. if not all. of the following: Samuel, 11, Isaac, 12, Abitjch, 13, Josiah, 14, and Benjamin, 15. ah ; 3 4. Jacob, son of Andrew, 1, b. 1709, Dec. 26; in. Abigail; lived in Wilmington. Ch. Abigail, b. 1737, July 11. Jacob, b. 1738, July 2, and d. 1739, March 10. Jacob, b. 1741, Dec.; m. 1776, Feb. 22, Olive Hazeltine. Mary, b. 1744, Aug. 20; m. Josiah Cutler, of Medford. Martha, b. 1747. March 22; m. Ezra Baldwin. Abigail, b. 1750, Sept. 3; m. Jonathan Baldwin. jr. Ruben, b. 1752, March 19. and Ruth, bap. 1756, Feb. 8. ; 5. John, son of John, 2, b. 1716, Aug. 26; m. Hannah; lived in Wilmington. Ch. John, 16, b. 1745, April 3. Joseph, b. 1747, Sept. 27. G. Aaron, son of John, 2, b. 1717, Nov. 25; m. Susanna lived in Wilmington. Ch. Aaron, b. 1742, Aug. 4. 7. David, son of John, 2, b. 1723. April 19; m. Hannah ——; lived in Wilmington. Ch. Stephen, b. ‘1771, Dec. 26. James, b. 1774, Jan. 15. Aaron, b. 1775, Aprilll. Hannah, b. 1778, Nov. 21. 8. Jonathan, son of John, 2, b. 1725, May 9; m. 1746, May 15, Deborah Buck; lived in Wilmington. Ch. Mary, b. 1747, April 20; m. Timothy Baldwin. Jonathan, b. 1751, Nov. 23; m. Abigail . and had 6 ch. 9. Nathan; son of John, 2, b. 1728. Oct. 23; m. 1754. Sept. 26, Mary Flagg; lived in Wilmington. Ch. Lydia, b. 1755, April 4. Nathan, b. 1756, March 30; m. 1778, Nov. 24, Sarah Eames. Ruth, b. 1768, Nov. 9. Hannah, b. 1760, Aug. 20. Mollie, b. 1762, April 28. Abel, b. 176(?), Feb. 11. Abigail, b. 1767, March 16. 10. Ebenezer, prob. son of Ebenezer, 8, m. Catherine——. She m. 2d, 1789, Sept. 2, Reuben Butters; lived in Wilmington. Ch. Ehenczer, b. 1752. Feb. 12; m. 1782, Sept. 26, Lydia Jenkins; had Abigail and Ebenezer. Elijah, b. 1754, March 27. Edward, b. 1756, Sept. 1; m. 1783. April 10, Polly Burt; had Edward and others. Abigail, b. 1759, March 7. Catharine, b. 1762, Feb. 15. Elijah, b. 1765, Sept. 3; m. 1785, March 17, Phebe Jones. 11, Samuel, (see 8), m. 1759, Jan. 25, Rebecca Butters; lived in Wilmington. Ch. Samuel, b, 1759, Dec. 22. Rebecca, b. 1761, Nov. 14. Hepsibah, b. 1773, Jan. 25; m. 1803, Sept. 4, Benjamin Foster. 12, Isaac, (ser 3), m. 1762, Dec. 16, Rebecca Jaquith. His name on B. tax-list, after 1773. Ch. prob. Isaac, 17. -Junas, b. 1764, Nov. 26. Rebecca, b. 1766, Feb. 4. Esther, b. 1769, Feb. 15; m. Benjamin Beard, 18. Tra, b. 1779, Sept. 3. Sarah, bap. 1786, Jan. 8. 18. Abijah, (see 3), m. 1763, Dec. 8, Hannah Frost, dau. of John, 12, Name disappears from tax-list, 1777. Ch. Hannah, b. 1764, Nov. 15. Abijah, b. 1767, June 25; m. Abigail Stickney, dau. of William, 5, and lived in Grafton and Bridgewater, Vt. Sarah, b. 1770, Sept. 23. John Frost, b. 1773, Jan. 12. Abigail, b. 1775, Nov. 4. 14, Josiah, (see 3), m. 1765, April 11, Elizabeth Crosby, dau. of Nathan, 12, and 1784, Dec. 29, Sarah Paige, of Bedford, dau. of John, 5. No children recorded. 15. Benjamin, (see 3), m. 1767, Feb. 3, Abigail Clark. Ch. Benjamin, 18, b. 1768, May 18. 16. John, son of John, 5, b. 1745, April3; m. 1765, May 30, Sarah Walker, dau. of Joseph, 6. She d. 1769, May 31, and he m. Nov. 16, Abigail Kemp, of Chelmsford. Ch. Moses, b. 1766, April 22. Joseph and Mary, b. 1768, Aug. 5; d. Aug. 5 and 7. Sarah, b. 1770, Nov. 1. Jonathan, b. 1775, Dee. 31. 17. Isaac, (sce 12), m. 1791, Sept. 1, Polly Richardson. He lived on the Woburn road, near the Burlington line. Ch. Mary, b. 1791, Nov. 22. Isaac, b. 1794, Oct. 13. Rebecca, b. 1797, May 20. Esther, b. 1800, March 3. Jonas, b. 1802, Feb. 27. Clarissa, b. 1804, March 5. Hezekiah, b. 1806, June 28. Benjamin, b. 1809, Feb. 20. Artemas, b. 1811, May 11. 18. Benjamin, son of Benjamin, 15, b. 1768, May 18; m. 1798, Dec. 30, Esther Beard, dau. of Isaac, 12. She d. 1846, Aug. 23. He lived on the East road, where his daughter, Mrs. Holden, now lives. Ch. Amanda Rebecca Jaquith, b. 1803, July 31; m. Asa Holden. 4 MRS. JOSHUA BENNETT. . j ra \ | G | — @ WL mn | o BEARD— BIRD. 11 19. Benjamin F., perhaps son of Isaac, 17, m. 1833, April 4, Betsey C. Goodwin, dau. of Reuel. Ch. Uriuh Goodwin, b. 1845, Feb. 4. 20. Benjamin, m. Susan: Ch. George Henry, b. 1845, Aug. 23. 21. Daniel, son of Jacob, of Wilmington; m. 1804, Dec. 20, Rebecca Clark, of Chelmsford. LL, John, appears on tax-list. 1766, and a widow, Mary Bell, prob. his mother, 1761-70. His name disappears, 1785. Ch. John, bab. 1776, Nov. 17. /ohn, bap. 1779, July 25. £liah, bap. 1781, Jan. 14. William, bap. 1782, Dec. 3. Daniel, bap. 1784, June 13. BENNETT. James, of Groton, (statement of his granddaughter, Mrs. McPherson, of Chelmsford.) was the father of Stephen, 1, and James, 2, who appear on the tax-list of Billerica in 1780. He had other sons, . Jonathan, ‘Thomas, and Joseph, and’ was prob. himself the son of Moses and Anna Blanchard Bennett, and b. 1736, Dec. 5. The father of Moses was prob. James, of Groton, in 1704, and of Scotch descent. he brothets, Stephen and James, settled near Burlington line, south-east of Shawshin school-house. ’ 1. Stephen, (see above,) is prob. the same who, with wife Elizabeth, had John, b. in Groton, 1775, Dec. 25. Other ch. named by Mrs. McPherson were Stephen, Thomas, Frank, James, Samuel, Jonas, Keziah, Hannah, m. 1801, Sept. 3, Giles Alexander, Betsey, Sarah, and Rebecca, and two others. 2. James, had ch. Polly, b. about 1785; m. 1834, July 20, James C. McPherson, and is living in Chelmsford. Nancy, m. Joseph 'T. Bowers, 9. Lucy, m. 1822, April 28, Reuben Richardson, of Dracut. James, m.—— Nevers, and lived in Burlington. Zdwurd, m. 1806, June 8, Rebecca Richardson, dau. of Ebenezer, 18, and lived in Burlington. Joshua, 3, b. 1792, Nov. 27. 8. Joshua, son of James, 2, b. 1792, Nov. 27. He was for some years a teacher in Dorchester, and afterwards was in business in Boston, in the firm of Bennett & Felton. He accumulated a large property. At his death he left, legacies to the churches in town. He lived on the west side of Long street, in the north part of the village, where his widow still has her home in a genial and beneficent old age. She has recently made proposals to the town which will probably result in the founding of a public library. He m. 1815, Oct. 8, Hleanor Richardson, dau. of Ebenezer, 18, and d. 1865, Aug. 6. Ch. Zillen, b. 1816, Feb. 15; m. George Holden, (see 2). Rebeccu, b. 1818, June 19; m. 1837, Oct. 17, William Wilkins Warren, who was b. 1814; son of Isaac, of West Cambridge, whose wife Frances was dau. of Dr. William Wilkins, and granddaughtér of Rev. Dr. Cumings. This volume is indebted to him for the portrait of Dr. Cumings. He was a merchant at St. Thomas, 1830-40; resides now in Boston. BICKFORD, Dr., Hezekiah C., was born in New London, N. H., 1816; graduated Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1845, and practised his profession six years, in New London, 1851-61, in Billerica, and 1861-76, in Charlestown; a skilful and beloved physician. He. m. 1846, June 17, Paulina Augusta Coburn. She d. 1867, Nov. 29, and he m. 1869, April .22, Abigail Gray, dau. of William, 3. He d. in Woburn, 1878, March 26, aged 60. Ch. George Coburn, b. 1847, March 25. John Truman, b. 1849, April 2; d. 1853, Jan. 24. Harriet Augusta, b. 1853, June 20. BIRD, Simon, came to Boston in 1635, aged 20. With five others, in October, 1635, he was, by the Court, ordered to be ‘‘whipt for rufing’ from their maisters, and for stealeing a boat and dyvrs other things.” He lived at Chelsea, but in 1659, 3m, 2¢, he received from Billerica a ten-acre lot. His house lot contained ‘fifty-two acres lying northward of the township, and on ye west of Chelmsford road, and southward of June 27. John, b. 1765, May 24. Th a Dec. 28. Abel, b.1773, July 17. e any Dees FARMER. 49 FARMER. 1. Edward. Our Record mentions the death of ‘‘ Mrs. Isabell Wizsell, 21. 03, 1686,” and John Farmer has added this ‘‘ NOTE: Mrs. Isabella Wiswall, above mentioned, was wife of John Farmer, of Ansley, in the county of Warwickshire, and came to this country with some of her children, after his death, which occurred prior to 1669. It appears from original papers, that she was sister to Rev. Thomas Muston, of Wykin, and afterwards, of Brinklow, in England. She m. Mr. Thomas Wiswall, whence she acquired the name.” r. Wiswall was ordained ruling elder, with John Eliot, jun., teacher of the church in Newton, at its organization, 1664, July 20; d. 1683, Dec. 6. : Mr. Farmer came to Billerica prob. in 1671, as the birth of his son, John, is recorded Aug. 19, of that year. The eminent antiquary doubts this inference, but if he is correct in affirming an older sister Sarah, it would seem that Danforth would have been as likely to record her birth, as that of John, if the latter did not occur in the town. Mr. Farmer was accepted as a citizen and granted a five acre privilege, 1672-3. March 24. (See Records, Vol. I, p. 107). His house-lot was on the east side of Long street, extending north to the ‘‘ corner,” and remained in possession of the family until a recent date. The house was a garrison, and an interesting incident is recorded in the chapter on Indian experiences. Mr. Farmer d. 1727, May 27, aged about 87; his wife, Mary, d. 1719, March 26, aged 77. Ch. Sarah, b. about 1669; m. Thomas Pollard,1. John, 2, b. 1671, Aug. 19. Edward, 3, b. 1673-4. March 22. Mary, b. 1675, Nov. 3; m. John Dean, of Woburn. Barbery, b. in Woburn, 1677-8, Jan. 26; d. 1680-1, Feb. 1. Elizabeth, b. 1680, May 17; m. 1707, May 29, William Green, of Malden, the son of William, who had m. 2d, Isabel, the sister of Edward Farmer, who m. 1st, David Wyman, of Woburn; and 2d, James Blood, of Concord; d. 1736-7, March 3, aged 85. Thomas, 4, b. 1683, June 8. Oliver, 6, b. 1685-6, Feb. 2. 2. John son of Edward, 1, b. 1671, Aug. 19; m. Abigail ——, prob. dau. of Daniel Shed,2. He d. 1736, Sept. 9, and his widow d. in Tewksbury, 1754, March 20, aged 75. Ch. Dority, b. 1700. Dec. 7; m. Nathaniel Richardson, (see 5). Barbary, b. 1701, Dec. 20. John, 6, b. 1703, Sept. 18. Daniel, b. 1705, Oct. 30; lived in Groton, 1733-40. Richard, 7, b. 1706-7, Feb. 2. Edward. b. 1710, Nov. 10: Jacob, b. 1713-4, Jan. 16. William, b. 1719, Nov. 15. ; _ 3. Edward, son of -Edward. 1, b. 16734, March 22; m. Mary Richardson, dau. of Thomas, 1. She d. 1746, May 15; he d. 1752, Dec. 17. Ch. Mary, b. 1706, Dec. 27; m. William Shed, 11. Andrew, 8, b. 1709, March 27. Elizabeth, b. 1712, March 27. . 4 Thomas, son of Edward. 1, b. 1683, June 8; m. Elizabeth Hunt, dau. of Samuel, 1. They d. in Hollis about 1767, and were buried in the same grave. Ch. Thomas, b. 1712, July 15. Joseph, b. 1713, Nov. 6. Joseph, (date not given, and prob. the repeated nameis anerror). Susanna. Jonas, 6.1719, May 10. Elizabeth, b. 1722, Aug. 29. Joshua, b. 1723, Dec. 18. Samuel, b. 1725, April 10; was in Louisburg expedition. ~ . 5. Oliver, son of Edward, 1, b. 1685-6, Feb. 2; m. 1716-7, Jan. 24. Abigail Johnson, dau. of Hon. William, of Woburn; son of Capt. Edward Johnson. Mr. Farmer lived on his father’s farm, where he d. 1761, Feb. 23. His widow m. 1766, May 27, Capt. James Lane, of Bedford; d. 1773, Feb. 25. aged 75. Ch. Abigail, b. 1717, Dec. 22; d. Jan. 11. Abigail, b. 1718-9, Jan. 14; m. Jonathan Richardson, 12. Mary, b. 1721, Aug. 26; m. William Baldwin, 6. Sarah, b. 1723, Dec. 14; m. Edward Jewett, of Rowley; d. at Berlin, Mass., 1790, Dec. 20. She had 10 ch. Betty and Rebecca, b. 1726, May 31. Betty m. Zebadiah Rogers, 10. Rebecca m. his brother, Samuel, 11. Oliver, 9, b. 1728, July 31. Isabell. b. 1731, March 2; m. Benjamin Warren; d. in Hollis, 1793, Dec. 26. They had 6ch. Zdward, 10, b. 1733-4, Feb. 24. John, 11, b. 1736, Dec. 7. 6. John, son of John. 2, b. 1703, Sept. 18; m. 1725, April 27, Hannah Woods. of Groton. Ch. Nathaniel, b. 1725-6, Jan. 29; was in Lexington, 50 FARMER. 1748; m. 1755, May 28, Hannah Fessenden, dau of Thomas; had 9 ch.; was wounded, 19 April, 1775. John, b. 1727-8, Jan. 22. 7. Richard, son of John; 2, b. 1706-7. Feb. 2; m. Martha. He lived in Tewksbury after 1740. His wife d. 1759, April 29. Ch. Dorothy. b. 1737, April 27. John, b. 1740, May 2. David, b. 1746, Dec. 4. Martha, b. 1748, June 10. Richard, b. 1750, July 30. Abigail, b. 1752, Aug. 4; d. Dorothy, b. 1756, Aug. 29. Dolly, b. 1758, Aug. 31. 8. Andrew, son of Edward, 3, b. 1709, March 27; m. Lucy ——. She d. 1747, Aug. 17; he m. Rebecca —-. He d. 1758, Aug. 4. Shed. 1802, Sept. 28. Ch. Lucy, b. 1736, Sept. 8; m. John Whiting, 9. Mary, b. 1738, Oct. 8; m. 1768, April 21, Nathaniel Jaquith, of Wilmington. Dorothy, b. 1740, July 27; m. Simon Crosby, 19. Andrew, b. 1742, Aug. 15. Abigail, b. 1744, May 1. John, b. 1746, April 30. Elizabeth, b. 1747, Aug. 10; d. 1773, May 30. Joseph, 12, b. 1752, July 20. Edward, 13, b. 1855, Dec. 14. 9. Oliver, son of Oliver, 5, b. 1728, July 31; m. 1757, April 5, Rachel Shed, dau. of John, ef Pepperell. She d. 1764, Sept. 23, aged 38. He m. 1766, July 3, Hannah Abbot, dau. of Jeremiah, 5. He d. 1814, Feb. 24; she d. 1819, Sept. 13. Ch, Rachel, b. 1758, April 29; m. 1779, Sept. 28, Nicholas French, who d. at Merrimac, 1823, July 21. Oliver, 14, b. 1760, June 12. John, b. 1762, Dec. 1; m. 1788, Jan. 24, Lydia Richardson. dau. of Josiah. of Chelmsford, where he lived till 1803; all his ch. were b. there. He then lived, 1803-6. in Lyndeboro, and after, in Merrimack, till his death, 1814, Nov. 7. Of his five ch., the oldest -was John, b. 1769, June 12; d. at Concord. N. H., 1838, Aug. 13. He was the eminent New England Genealogist and author of the ‘t Historical Memoir of Billerica,” published in 1816. Hannah, b. 1767, Sept. 17; m. William Rogers, 16, her cousin. Rebecca, b. 1768, Nov. 19; d. 1792, Jan. 8. A poem, on her death, was written by Dr. Timothy Danforth. Jeremiah, 15, b. 1771, April 10. 10. Edward, son of Oliver, 5, b. 1733-4, Feb. 24; mn. 1759, Nov. 29, Sarah Brown, dau. of Samuel, 7. He d. 1804, Aug. 4; his widow, 1811, Aug. 19. He was a Representative and a soldier in the Revolution, commanding a party of militia at the capture of Pureeyne. Ch. Edward, 16, “pb. 1760, Dec. 1. Sarah, b. 1763, March 6; d. 1766, Jan. 28. Jonathan, 17, b. 1765, May 28. Sarah, b. 1767, Oct. 31; m. Reuben Baldwin, 18. Jesse, b. 1770, Oct. 18; m. 1803, July 26, Margaret Franksford; d. in Boston, 1815, Feb. 6. He had ch. Margaret, Harriet, Henry, Jesse, b. 1809, Nov. 9, now in business on Merrimack street, Boston; William S., George W. and Catherine 8. : 11. John, son of Oliver. 5, b. 1736, Dec. 7; m. 1764, Jan. 5, Hannah Davis, dau. of Dea. Joshua, 2. She d. 1787, Feb. 12, and he m. 1789, March 18, Mrs. Sarah (Russell) Adams, of Dracut. Lieut. John Farmer, d. 1806, Jan. 9. Ch. Hannah, b. 1764, Sept. 26; m. Samuel Hopkins, of Wilmington, (see3). Rebecca, b. 1766, Dec. 2; d. 1788, May 29. Abigail, b. 1768, Dec. 22; m. Reuben French. 27, Polly, b. 1775, Jan. 14; m. 1798, March 8, David Rogers, of Tewksbury. John, b. 1776, Dec. 4; d. 1778, Sept. 1. Lucy, b. 1780, Oct. 4; m. Jeremiah Allen, 7. John, b. 1791, Dec. 11; m. Susan Gerrish, dau. of Dea. Moses. of Boscawen, N. H., and lived in that town; was Lieut.-Colonel, of New Hampshire Militia. Hannah, bap. 1794. Dee. 7. ; 12. Joseph, son of Andrew, 8, b, 1752, July 20; m. 1778, Jan. 8, Elizabeth Baldwin, dau. of Samuel. 11. She d. 1781, March 12; he m. 1782, April 30, Dorcas French. Ch. Samuel Baldwin, b. 1778. Nov. 10. Joseph, b. 1781, March 2. John, b. 1782, Nov. 27. 18. Edward, son of Andrew, 8, b. 1755, Dec. 14; m. 1783, March 25, Hannah Shed, dau. of Samuel, 14. Ch. Cyrus, b. 1791, Jan. 31; m. 1813, Dec. 5, Margaret Tufts Richardson, dau. of Asa. 19, and d. 1814, April 14. His widow m. Michael Crosby, 88. 14. Oliver, son of Oliver, 9, b. 1760. June 12; m. 1786. Nov. 30, Hannah Sprake, dau. of Nicholas, 5. He d. 1839, May 9. Ch. Oliver, ‘ FARMER—FASSETT. 51 b. 1788, May 12; m. Mary Emerson, and lived in Milford, N.H. Had ch. Oliver, Mary and Joseph, and d. 1868, May 16, in Billerica. Asa, 18, b. 1798, Dec. 13. Hannah, b. 1795, May 17; m. Nathan Abbot, 10. Zadock, b. 1796, Oct. 28; lived in Pelham, Hudson, Mertimac, and Amherst, N. H.; m. widow Allen Wilson, by whom he had 10 ch. He d. 1877, July 18. Rebecca, b. 1798, March 30; d, 1850, Jan. 25. Rachel, b. 1804, Sept. 13; m. Israel A. Colson. 15. Jeremiah, son of Oliver, 9, b. 1771, April 10; m. 1816, Oct. 13, Clarissa Foster, dau. of Timothy, 11. He d. 1836, March 2, and she d. 1873, Feb. 20. Ch. Sarah Clarissa, b. 1818, Feb. 27; m. Dr. Henry Blanchard. (see 11). Timothy Foster, 19, b. 1824, Aug. 10. 16. Edward, son of Edward, 10, b. 1760, Dec. 1; m. 1784, March 25, Rizpah Baldwin, dau. of Benjamin, 12. She d. 1791, July 29, and he m. 1793, Sept. 8, Elizabeth Brown, of Concord. He d. 1802, Aug. 23. Ch. John, b. 1786, July 27; d. 1808, March 6. Betty, b. 1795, June 20. Edward and Rizpah, b. 1795, Sept: 26. [So the Record, perhaps the revious year, is wrong]. Edward m., but no record of family ; he d. 1851, arch 14. Jacob Brown, b. 1801, Oct. 30. 17. Jonathan, son of Edward, 10, b. 1765. May 28; m. Betty —_. He d. at Bow, N. H., 1798. Oct. 11. Ch. Jonathan, b. 1788, May 5; m. 1821, Aug. 12, Caroline Leach, of Charlestown. Betty, b. 1790, May 21; m. 1811, Aug. 11, Caleb Pearson, of Tyngsboro’. Susanna, b. 1792, Aug. 26. Thomas Mears, b. 1794, Dec. 4._ 18. Asa, son of Oliver, 14, b. 1793, Dec. 13; m. Lydia Wilson. He d. 1865, Oct. 14. Ch. Asa, Lydia. 19. Timothy Foster, son of Jeremiah, 15, b. 1824, Aug. 10; m. 1862, July 24, Jane Leavitt, who was b. in Clinton, Me., 1838, Feb. 2. He d. 1871, May 27. Ch. Nelly Jane, b. 1863, July 28. Mary Eliza, b. 1864, Nov. 21. John Edward, b. 1867, Nov. 7. 20. Jotham, son of Simeon, (or ? Elijah.) of Chelmsford, m. 1794, June 24, Polly Gloyd. He d. 1846, Feb. 24. aged 76. Ch. Benjamin, b. 1795, Oct. 16; m. 1827, Nov. 8, Lydia Richardson Mears; no ch. They live at the Davis place, north of Fox hill. Mary m. Aaron Maynard. John went to Vermont. Joseph, 21. William m. 1841, Dec. 19, Abigail W. Lyman. He was killed by ahorse. Sarah m. Thomas Pasho. Phebe. unmatried. liza m. 1826, May 28, Paul Holt. Roxana m. Reed, of Burlington. 21. Josephs son of Jotham, 20, m. 1830, Dec. 25, Mary Ann Champney. Ch. George, b. 1833, Dec. 5. Adelaide, b. 1839, Sept. 15. Albert Edwin, b. 1841, Sept. 30. Frederic Eugene, b. ‘1843, July 16. 22, Hannah m. 1786, July 17, Samuel Hopkins, of Wilmington; to what family she belonged does not appear.’ Z FARNSWORTH, Silas, of Harvard, m. 1754, Sept. 17, Elizabeth owers. FARNHAM, Deborah, dau. of Abigail, was bap. 1771, Feb. 10. FASSETT. 1. Patrick, was from Malden, ‘:accepted inhabitant in our towne,” 1679, June 2. He bought of Timothy Brooks, part of the Oakes’ farm, near old Concord line and Shawshin river. Hem. Sarah —; d. 1713, Nov. 7, and his widow m. 1716, April 23, Thomas Bateman, of Concord. Ch. Joseph, b. (in Malden,) 1672, Oct. Probably John, who m. 1697, March 31, Mary Hill, dau. of Jonathan, 4, and was the first treasurer of Bedford. He lived in the Concord part of Bedford. Will proved, 1736, May 23. Samuel, b. 1679, May 7. The first town treasurer of Westford. He m. 1705-6, Jan. 1, Lydia Parker, Deborah, b. 1680-1, Feb. 15. Mary, b. 1683, March 31; m. Job Lane, 6. Peter, 2, b. 1685, Aug. 25. . Josia, 3, b. 1687, Dec. 1. Benjamin, b. 1690, July 7. 2. Peter, son of Patrick, 1, b. 1685, Aug. 25; m. 1710-1, Feb. 1, Elizabeth Manning, dau. of Samuel, 1. Hed. the next May, 16, and she m. Jonathan Danforth, 5. Ch. Peter, b. 1711, Nov. 11. : 52 FAULKNER—FISHER. 8. Josiah, son of Patrick. 1, b. 1687, Dec. 1; m. Sarah ——. His widow's name-~was Esther. He lived east of Rev. N. Bowes, on Lexington street. His son, Josiah, gave bonds, as administrator of estate, 1740, March 16. Ch. Josiah, b. 1714, July 11. Sarah, b. 1716, April 26. Mary, b. 1718, Sept. 5; d. 1720, May 8. John, b. 1720, April 1. He settled in Hardwick, and became a member of the Separatist Church. This church was practically the nucleus of the settlement of Bennington, Vt., in 1761, and John Fassett, clerk and deacon, was a leading man in that company of wise and brave pioneers who resisted the encroachments of New York, and laid the foundations of Vermont, making the natne of ‘‘Green Mountain Boys,” famous. ‘The early town meetings were held at his tavern. He was Captain of the first militia company in 1764; one of the first town Representatives. Hed.1794, Aug. 12. His dau. Sarah m. Dr. Jonas Fay, one of the Vermont leaders; his son, John, was Captain, Representative, from Arlington, member of the Council, and Judge of the Supreme Court, 1778-86. Benjamin, b. 1721-2, Jan. 11. Mary, b. 1723, Oct.17. Susanna, b. 1725, March 29. Bette, b. 1727, May 3. Amos, b. 1728, Aug. 8. Benjamin, John, Josiah and Peter Fassett were on Bedford tax-list in 1748. FAULKNER. 1. Francis, was the son of Col. Francis, of Acton, a leading citizen there and a good soldier in the Revolution. He wasa ,descendant of Francis, son of Edmund, one of the first settlers of Andover. Our Francis, 1, came to Billerica, 1811, April 10, and began the manufacture of woolen goods, and carding, coloring, and dressing cloths. He m. Elizabeth Jones, of Concord, and Ann Robbins, of Watertown; d. 1843, Feb. 12, aged 82. Ch. Charles, b. 1785, Sept. 8; d. 1809, Aug. 15. Francis, b. 1788. Feb. 28; d. 1842, Nov. 29. Ann, b. 1799, Sept. 23; m. Calvin Rogers, 21. James Robbins, 2, b. 1801, April 14. Dwight F., b. 1803, Jan. 21; a merchant in Boston. William E., b. 1805, April 7; d. 1861, Sept. 1. Lois, b. 1807, July 22. Lydia H., b. 1809, May 10; d. 1867, June:20. Charles, b. 1811, Oct. 10; of the firm of Faulkner, Page & Co., merchants in Boston. Luther Winthrop, 3, b. 1815, April2. Winthrop, b. 1817, June 5; is a merchant in Grafton. George, b. 1819, July 14; grad. H. C.,; 1844, and Medical College, 1847; m. 1847, Aug. 25, Mary Ann Spalding, dau. of Dea. Amos, 7, and resides at Jamaica Plain, Boston. 2. James Robbins, son of Francis, 1, b. 1801, April 14; m. 1825, Nov. 22, Catherine Rogers, dau. of Josiah, 14. He continued the manufacturing business at North Billerica; was long a ‘Trustee and Treasurer of the Howe school; d. 1877, Jan. 7. Ch. Catherine Rogers, b. 1827, July 28; m. George H. Preston. Ann Robbins, b. 1829, July 21. James, 4, b. 1831, April 18. Francis, b. 1833, Oct. 8; d. 1834, Sept. 19. Emily Francis, b. 1835, May 30. Abba Louisa, b. 1837, March 5. Henry, b. 1839, Sept. 19; m. 1863, Oct. 29. Victoria G. Wheat; d. in Boston 1868. June 12. - She d. 1876, Feb. 15. Mary Elizabeth, b. 1844, July 8. 8. Luther Winthrop, son of Francis, 1, b. 1815, April 2; m. 1842, Oct. 13, Martha P. Merriam, of Concord. He lives on the north corner of Andover and Long streets, and is proprietor of the Faulkner mills in Lowell. Ch. Francis S., b. 1843, July 83d. Sept.11. Frederic, b. 1844, July 29; m. 1871, Oct. 26, Emma §. Wheeler, of Lowell, where he lives. Horace William, b. 1847, Dec. 28. Isabella, b. 1850, April 21; m. Capt. Charles A. Ranlett. Richard H., b. 1851, June 21; Supt. Faulkner mills, North Billerica. John, b. in Concord, N. H., 1855, March 14; m. 1880, Feb. 3, Evelyn Atwood, of Lowell. Amy Prescott. b. 1858, July 5. Harry Winthrop, b. 1860, Oct. 3; a medical student in Boston. 4, James, son of James R.. 2, b. 1831, April 18; m. 1852, Aug. 10, Frances A. Wilson, dau. of Daniel, 9. He d. 1865, Nov. 13; she m. 1879, Edwin Howard, of Boston. Ch. James N., b. 1853, Aug. 15. FISHER, ‘Old Stephen, dyed 26, 10, 82.” The town was charged, 1668, Nov. 19, £5 for his ‘‘ dyet,” and he was, perhaps, the earliest recipient of the town’s care. Of his history and claim, nothing is known. ‘There ‘was a Stephen Fisher early at i Pee \ SB Ae 2 OF RESIDENCE FITCH — FLETCHER. 53 FITCH. 1. Samuel, was the only son of Samuel, of Reading. His father was son of Zechary, and b. 1645, March 6. Zechary’s will, 1662, names other ch., Joseph. Benjamin, John, Jeremiah, Thomas and Sarah, wife ot John Wesson, of Salem. Samuel m. Sarah Lane, dau. of Job, 1. She d. 1679, Oct. 2. His will bears date, 1684, May 10, and names wife Rebecca and son Samuel. The latter received from his grandfather, Job Lane, one-fourth part of the Winthrop farm. His: portion was in two parts: one in the north-east, corner of the farm, where his house stood, on the west side of the road, a half mile south of the present Bedford line, and the other, a strip extending from Concord river, eastward, nearly to Bedford village, along Concord old line. He m. 1695-6, March 20, Elizabeth Walker, dau. of Joseph, 1. She d. 1716. Nov. 26; he m.’ Eunice —. who survfved him. He was the first town-clerk, and one of the first selectmen of Bedford, 1729. Hed. 1742, April4. .Ch. Sarah, b. 1696. Dec. 25; d. Feb. 4. Sarah, b. 1698, May 4; m.—— Hinson. Samuel, b. 1699-1700, Feb. 14; m. 1732, April 24, Joanna Keyes, the widow of ‘Thomas Kidder, of Westford, where he lived and d. 1775, Jan. 9. They had ch. Samuel,’ b. 1733, Aug. 28. Joanna,’ b. 1735, Jan. 29. Lydia,® b. 1737, March 13. Joseph, 2, b. 1702, Oct. 22. Benjamin, 3, b. 1703, July 30. John, b. 1707-8, Feb. 12. Jeremiah, 4, (birth not recorded, but named in his father’s will, and had the homestead). Zechariah, 5, b. 1712, Feb. 13. Elizabeth, b. 1718, Sept. 22; m. —— Mead. 2. Joseph, son of Samuel, 1, b. 1702, Oct. 22; m. 1731, Jan. 31, Sarah Grimes. She d. 1749-50, Jan. 22; he m. Rachel ——. He d. 1769, Feb. 7, and his widow m. John Paige. The Fitch family were all in the Bedford part of the town. Ch. Sarah, b. 1732, March 25; m. Josiah Crosby, (see 14). Joseph, b. 1734, July 14; d. 1736, Sept. 21. Molly, b. 1737, Oct. 16. Susanna, b. 1743, July 26. Joseph, b. 1746, Oct. 2. Ruth, b. 1749, Oct. 2. Thaddeus, b. 1755, March 23. 8.- Benjamin, son of Sainuel, 1, b. 1703, July 30; m. Meriam ——. He owned the mill on Shawshin river, near the falls. Ch. Hannah, b. 1733, Jan. 10. Meriam, b. 1734-5, Jan. 23; m. Timothy Jaquith, 5. Benjamin, b. 1736-7, Jan. 6. Lowes, b. 1740. Oct. 31. David, b. 1743, May 20. Lgdia, b. 1745, March 21. Hunice, b. 1747, July 26. Nathan, b. 1748-9, Jan. 27. Isaac, b. 1752, May 18. Nathan, b. 1755, May 18. 4, Jeremiah, son of Samuel, 1, m.1735-6, Feb. 3, Elizabeth, dau. of Job Lane, 6. Ch. Samuel, b. 1736, Nov. 9. Hlizabeth, b. 1738, Dec. 24. Jeremiah, b. 1742, Sept. 25. John, b. 1745, Aug. 14. Elizabeth, b. 1747-8, Feb. 29; d. 1750, Oct. 8. Patte, b. 1750, July 14. Elizabeth, b. 1752, Aug. 7; d. 1825, March 1. Moses, b. 1755, March 3. 5. Zechariah, son of Samuel, 1, b. 1712, Feb. 13; m. Elizabeth —. Ch. Zechariah, b. 1734, Aprill. William, b. 1735-6, Feb. 19. Elizabeth, b. 1738-9, Jan. 6. Jonas, b. 1740-1, Feb. 5. Ebenezer, b. 1743, Sept. 4. Esther, b. 1745, Sept. 12. Lucy m. Joseph Hill, 21. ‘ 6. David, son of David, of Bedford, m. Betsey —_. Betsey, b. 1826, June 26. Emily, b. 1827, Dec. 26. David, b. 1832, March 3. [See Lexington Gen. Reg., p. 278]. Ann, b. 1834, Sept. 15. John. b. 1836, Junel7. Sarah, b. 1838, July 6. Abel, b. 1840, May 10. FITZPATRICK, William, and wife Catherine. Ch. Elen, b. in Ireland, 1826, March 5. John. b. 1827, Nov. 18; d. 1828, Oct, 12. Edward, b. 1830, Oct. 7; d. 1839, Aug. 7. Mary Ann, b. 1831, Nov. 22. Catherine, b. 1833, March 8; d. 1835, May 13. James, b. 1835, March 1. Margaret, b. 1836, June 12. Catherine, b. 1838, April 19. Elizabeth, b. 1839, June 3. Sarah, b. 1840, Nov. 8. Charles Edward, b. 1842, July 4. Joanna, b. 1845, April16. ~ é i FLETCHER. 1. Jacob, m. in Westford, 1746, Ruth Trull. Name -disappears from tax-list, 1753. Ch. Ruth, Olive, b. 1749, Jan. 10. Rebecca, b. in Westford, 1754. 2. Samuel. Ch. Sybil, bap. 1768, May 8. Phebe, bap. 1775, July 9. 54 - FLETCHER — FOSTER. 8. James, son of Jonas, of Westford, m. 1833, Dec. 22, Louisa Champney. He lives on the east road, in the oldest house still inhabited ‘in town, which was, perhaps, the ‘‘ French” garrison of 1675. Ch. James Henry, b. 1834, Nov. 2. Charles Newton, b. 1836, June 23, in Tyngsboro’. John Edwards, b. 1838, Aug. 22; d. 1839, Jan. 5. Edward Harrison, b. 1840, May 21. John Irving, b. 1842, May 19; m. Harriet Maria Carter, dau. of George; lives near Shawshin river. Emma Louisa, b. 1843, Sept. 1. Marietta, b. 1845, Nov. 4. Caroline Elizabeth, b. 1848, June 3. FOSTER. 1. Thomas, Sergt., was from Braintree. He was, perhaps, the same Thomas who was at Weymouth, and father of Dr. Thomas, of Roxbury, ‘whose widow m. Peter Bracket, 2. He received, 1659, June, a grant of an eight acre lot. His home lot was ‘‘fifty acres,” his house lot being part of it, lying on y* east end of Bare hill, bounded by Shawshin road, on the west, ninety and foure pole; by William Hamlet, on the north, one hundred and two poles; by ye comans, east, ninety pole; by a highway on the south-east, eu te pole.” ‘This place was near Mr. McKay’s. He d. 1684, April 20, and his widow, Elizabeth, 1694-5, Jan. 29. Ch.. perhaps Thomas, b. 1640, Aug. 18, a physician of Roxbury and Cambridge, who m. Sarah Parker, dau. of Robert. He d. 1679, Sept. 16; his widow m. Peter Bracket. Perhaps Sarah, who m. Samuel Kemp. Perhaps John, b. 1642, Oct. 7, of Mansfield. Z£lizabeth —— m. James Frost, 2. Experience ——, m. Joseph French, 4. Perhaps Increase. Hopestill, b. 1648, March 26; lived in Woburn. Joseph, 2, b. 1650, March 28. Perhaps Jonathan, 8. The will of Sergt. Foster names only son Joseph and James Frost, son-in-law. He certainly had two other ch., Experience and Hopestill, and the absence of other naines is not, therefore, proof that the above were not his children. 2. Joseph, son of Thomas, 1, b. 1650, March 28; m. 1672, Dec. 11, Alce Gorton, dau. of Jobn, of Roxbury. She d. 1712, May 17, aged 60, and he m. Margaret Brown, of Sudbury, who d. 1717-8, March 22, and he m. 3d. Rebecca, widow of Jonathan Danforth, 2, who d. 1754, March 25, aged 93. Dea. Joseph d. 1721, Dec. 4. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1673, Oct. 7. Joseph, b. 1678, July 15; d. Thomas, 4, b. 1680-1, Feb. 11. Sarah, b. 1683, Aug. 23; d. Sept. 5. John, b. 1685. May 12; d. Nov. 12. 8. Jonathan, perhaps son of ‘Thomas, 1, m. Abigail ——. Ch. Jonathan, b. 1698, June 26. 4. Thomas, son of Joseph, 2, b. 1680-1, Feb. 11; m. Hepsibah ——. Ch. Thomas, b. 1706, Oct. 17. John, 5, b. 1707-8, Jan. 11. Sarah, b. 1709, June 30; m. David Crosby, 11. Joseph, b. 1711. April 8. Hannah. b. 1716, Sept. 25. Obadiah, b. 1721-2, March 17. ; 5. John, son of Thomas, 4, b. 1707-8, Jan. 11; m. Hannah —. His name disappears from tax-list. 1734, perhaps in Tewksbury. pe Nelhovieh; b. 1730, Nov. 11. Parker, b. 1731-2, March 6. John, b. 1733, ug. 28. 6. Henry. It does not appear whether he is connected with the preceeding or following. He m. 1751, June 12, Agnes Henry, prob. sister of John. Ch. John, b. 1752, July 31; m. 1777, Oct. 9, “Sally Tweed, of Woburn. Jane, b. 1755, June 14. Smith, b. 1757, May 21. Josiah, b. 1759, Oct. 29. Benjamin, b. 1761, Nov. 13. Elizabeth, b. 1769, Aug. 28. 7. Isaac, was from Ipswich, son of Joseph’, (Jacob, Reginald',) m. 1744, Nov. 8, Sarah Brown, prob. dau. of John, 8. His will is dated 1783, Feb. 1, and proved April 10. Ch. Jsaac, b. 1745-6, March 8; m. 1769, Nov. 9, Lydia Bacon, dau. of Josiah, 7. Jacob, 9, b. 1747. Dec. 20. Sarah, b. 1749, March 4; d. 1750, April 4. Joseph, 10, b. 1750, March 21. Sarah, b, 1753, May 29; d. before 1783. John, b. 1755, June 28. - Samuel, b. 1758, March 31. Abigail, b. 1761, Feb. 21; d. before 1783. 8. Jacob, brother of Isaac, 7, b. 1726, March 27; m. Sarah Kimball, (published 1750, Aug. 25). _ His will proved, 1761, Oct.19. Ch. Sarah, b. 1752, April 27; d. June 7. Sarah, b. 1753, June 5; m. 1774, Dec. 12, John Bell, Charlestown. Timothy, b. 1755, July 19; d. 1756, Nov. 23. Elizabeth, b. 1757, Oct. 27; d. 1758, Jan. 12. Timothy, 11, b. 1759, Nov. 4. FOSTER. me é 9. Jacob, son of Isaac, 7, b. 1745-6, March 8; m. 1771, June 3, Hannah Frost, dau. of James, 11. Ch. Jacob, b. 1772, Feb. 20. James, ° b. 1774, July 6. 10. Joseph, son of Isaac, 7, b 1750, March 21; m. 1775, Aug. 21, Sarah Baldwin, dau. of Benjamin. 12, and 1810, Feb. 6, Lucy Hill, widow of Joseph, 21. Ch. Sarah, b. 1776, Nov.18. Susanna, b. 1778, we a James, b. 1780, Aprill1. Anna, b. 1781, Aug. 15. Isaac, b. 1785, ay 27. 11. Timothy; son of Jacob, 8, b. 1759. Nov. 4; m. 1784, May 16, Sally Crosby, dau. of Seth, 22. He d. 1815, Jan. 21. She d. 1849, Dec. 1. Ch. Clarissa, b. 1785, April 11; m. Jeremiah Farmer, 15; 2 12+ Abial m. 1788, Nov. 23, Sarah Whiting. dau. of Samuel, 10. Ch. Sarah, b. 1793, May 14. Merriam, b. 1797, March 2. 13. Joseph, son of Joseph, of Ipswich, who was brother of Isaac, 7, b. 1739, Dec. 25; m. 1765, April 26, Elizabeth Hilton. of Manchester. His ch. were b. in Beverly, but he d. in Billerica, 1802, Dec. 15, and his widow, 1834, July 19, aged 86. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1766, Feb. 5; m. James Sumner. Joseph, 138, b. 1770, April. @ Hannah, b. 1772, March; m. Benjamin Daland. Samuel, 14, b. 1777, April 26. Dorcas, b. 1779, Aug. 5; d. 1850, July 7. Benjamin, b. 1783, Sept.; m. Martha Shed, (see 22), and lived in Lancester. John, b. 1785, Dec.; d. 1841, Aug. 9. Levi, 15, b. 1788, July. 133. Joseph, son of Joseph, 13, b. 1770, April; m. Lucy Larkum ; he d. 1815, Nov. 21, and his widow m. 1816, Sept. 23, Jesse Webster. Ch. Joseph, d. 1815, Dec. 18, aged 21. Lucy, bap. 1799, Oct.-18. Lucy, bap. 1803, June 19. Hlvina Catherine. 14. Samuel, son of Joseph. 18, b. 1777, April 26; m. 1802, Jan. 14, Anne Whitney, dau. of Daniel and Sarah Duren, of Stowe, (see Durrent, 5). She d. 1857, April 13, and he d. Aug. 1. Ch. Thomas, b. 1803, Dec. 4; d. 1804, Dec. 29. Sally, b. 1805, Nov. 9; m. 1827, Jan. 23, James Damon,’ Reading. Z£lmira. b. 1807, Sept. 7; d. 1809, Feb. 18. Dudley, 16, b. 1809, Noy. 15, Edwin, b. 1812, Feb. 1; m. Ann L. Callender. Daniel Whitney, b. 1814, March 23; d. 1815, June 6. Elizabeth Ann, b. 1816, March 22.; d. June 27. Elizabeth Ann, b. 1817, July 2: unmarried. Mary, b. 1819, July 13; m. 1843, Feb. 23, Edward Mansfield; d. 1846, Oct. 14. Joseph, b. 1821, July 20; m. Lydia A. Dutton. Jonathan, b. 1823, Jan. 1. Sumner, b. 1829, Jan. 28; m. Elizabeth Putnam. ‘ 15. Levi, son of Joseph, 18, b. 1788, July; m. 1815, Aug. 27, Cile Davis, dau. of Timothy, 5. He lived in the part of Chelmsford now Lowell, for several years; later, near Fox hill. at the Holden place. He d. 1863, June 15. Ch. Laura m. Henry Blanchard, of Wilmington. Celia m. Amasa Holden, 4, Levit Thomas.17. John d. 1851, Dec. 14, aged 23. 16. Dudley, son of Samuel, 14, b. 1809, Nov. 15; m. 1835, May 21, Louisa Pollard, dau. of William, 11. He lives near the Howe school, of which he has been trustee from the first, and is treasurer; has been town clerk and treasurer for 25 years; is a member of the Historical Committee, and renders important aid in the preparation of this History. Ch. Francis Dudley, b. 1836, Aug. 30; lives at North Andover. John Howard, b. 1844, March 9; m. and is a merchant in Springfield. 17, Levi Thomas, son of Levi, 15, m. 1849, May 24, Mariah Elizabeth Richardson, dau. of John, 29. He d. 1853, Sept. 30, aged 29, and his widow m. 1855, Sept. 19, Elbridge Teel, of Medford. Ch Laura Maria, b. in Lawrence, 1850, Aug. 27. John R., b. 1853, April 8; d. 1877, July 5. 18. Moses, of Tewksbury, m. 1782, Feb. 13, Sarah Baldwin, prob. widow of Benjamin, 12. 19. Joseph, M. D., from Canferbury, N. H., m. 1810, Feb. 6, Lucy Hill, dau. of Joseph, 21; d. 1810, July 21, aged 23; she d. 1869, Oct. 30. FOX. 1. Isaac m. 1678, July-18, Abigail Osban. 2. Abel m. Abigail——. He d. before 1759; she m. Thomas Danforth, 10. Ch. Abigail, b. 1755, July 5. Edith b. 1757, May 22. 8. Joseph is on tax-list, 1769-76. 56 FRANKLIN — FRENCH. FRANKLIN, John, and wife, Ruth. ~Ch. Ruth, b. 1708, April 2. Joanna, b. 1710, June 21. FRENCH. 1. William, of Cambridge, one of the first settlers of B. He came from England in 1635, with Harlakenden and Shepard. In Shawshin he bought a part of the Dudley farm; his house stood near the turnpike, east of the Bedford road, near Ralph Hill’s, who calls him ‘brother,’ in his will. He was the first Representative from B. in 1663-4; was Lieutenant and a leading citizen of the town. Hem. in England, Elizabeth ——, who d. 1668, March 31, aged 62 or 64 years; he m. 1669, May.6, Mary Lathrop, the widow of Lieut. John Stearns, 1. Hed. 1681, Nov. 20, aged 77; his widow m. 1687, June 29, Isaac Mixer, Watertown. Ch. Elizabeth, b. about 1631; m. —— Ellis, of Dedham. Mary, b. about 1633. John, 2, b. about 1635. Sarah, b. 1638, March. Jacob, 3, b. 1639-40, Jan. 16. Hannah, b. 1641-2, Feb. 2; d. June 20. Hannah, b. about 1643; m. John Bracket, 3. Samuel, b. 1645, Dec. 3; d. 1646, July 15. Samuel, birth not recorded; a pioneer in Dunstable. Mary, b. 1670, April 3; m. Nathaniel Dunklée. Sarah, b. 1671. Oct. 29; m.—— Sharp, who d. in the military service and she m. Joseph Crosby, ,8. Abigail, b. 1673, April 14; d. 1674, April 13. Hannah, b. 1676, Jan. #; m. 1693, Oct. 5, John Child, of Watertown. 2. John, son of William, 1, b, 1635; m. 1659, June 21, Abigail Coggan, dau. of Henry, of Barnstable. She d. 1662, April 5, aged about 24. He m. 1662, July 3, Hannah Burridge, dau. of John, of Charlestown. She d. 1667, July 7, aged 23. He m. 1667-8, Jan. 14, Mary Rogers, dau. of John, 1. She d. 1677, June 16; he m. 1677-8, Jan. 16, Mary Kittredge, the widow of John, 1, who d. 1719, Oct. 7. Hed.1712, Oct. He lived south of Fox hill. on the east road. He was a corperal in the militia; wounded by the Indians, in the assault at: Quaboag, in 1675; petitioning for relief, ‘*a poor, wounded man,” harrassed by the constable, soon after. He was often in the town’s service. Ch. Hannah, b. 1663-4, Jan. 20; m. John Kittredge, 2. Abigail, b. 1665. Dec. 6; m. Benjamin Parker, 6. Mary, b. 1669-70, March 4; m. Nathan Shed, 6, John, 5, b. 1679, May 15. Elizabeth, b. 1681, July 24; m. 1706, Dec. 25, Thomas Abbot, of Andover. William, b. 1683. Nov. 26; d. 1685, April 21. Sarah, b. 1685, Sept. 15; m. —— Flint, of Charlestown, .and Joseph Frost, 8. William, 6, b. 1687, Aug. 8. Hannah, b. 1692-3, Feb. 18; m: Jonathan Richardson, 6, and Benjamin Frost, 9. 8. Jacob, son of William, 1, b. 1639-40, Jan. 16. He lived near his brother John, on the east road. His house was one of the ‘garrisons’ of 1675, and may be the same venerable building, with brick-lined walls, in which Mr. James Fletcher now lives. He m. 1665, Sept. 7, Mary Champney, dau. of Elder Richard, of Cambridge. She d. 1681. April 1; he m. 1685, June 30, Mary Convers, of Woburn. She d. 1686, April 18; he m. Mary —, who was drowned 1709, June 9, and he m. Ruth ——, who d. 1730, Nov. 6. He d. 1718, May 20. Ch. Jacob, b. 1666-7, Feb. 20; d. about 1700. William, 7, b. 1668, July 18. Mary, b. 1669, Oct. 6; d. Nov. 12. John, b. 1670, Oct. 6; d. Dec. 3. Joseph, b. 1673, May 5; d. at Cambridge, 1676, Sept. 25. _ Jabez, b. and d. 1674, Sept.16. Mary, b. 1676~7, March 5; m. Jonathan Baldwin, 3. Hannah, b. and d. 1677, Oct. 23. Elizabeth, b. 1679, June 8; m. William Manning, 4. Sarah, b. 1681-2, March 7; m. Thomas Baldwin, 4. Abigail, b. 1686, April 20; d. 1687, March 29. 4, Joseph, son of John, of Cambridge, who was a brother of William, 1, b. 1640, April 4; m. 1663, Nov. 4, Experience, dau. of Sergt. Thomas Foster, 1. Ch. Joseph, b. 1667, March 25; d. April 25. Elizabeth, b. 1668, July 16. Joseph, b. 1669-70; March 7. John, b. 1671-2, Jan. 30. Nathaniel, b. 1674, May 6. _ Thomas, b: 1675-6, Feb. 29. Sarah, b. 1677, April 6; d. April 14. Jacob, b. 1678, April 26. 5. John, son of John, 2, b. 1679, May 15; m. 1707-8, Feb. 13, Buth Richardson, dau. of Thomas, 1. Ch. Ruth, b. 1708, Oct. 22. John, 9, b.. 1710, Oct. 24. Thomas, b. 1712-3, March 14; lived in Tewksbury; FRENCH. 67 m. Ruth; had Thomas, Ruth, Molly, Hannah and Nehemiah; d. 1792, Dec. 2. Mary, b. 1715, Sept. 23. Hannah, b. 1719, Aug. 1. Juseph, b 1721, March 28. Benjamin, b. 1724-5, Feb. 10. Jonathan, b. 1728, Aug. 17. 6. William, son of John, 2, b. 1687, Aug. 8; m. Mehitable, dau. of Thomas Patten, 2. She d. 1742-3, Jan. 15. Sergt. William French d. 1745-6, Feb. 25. Ch. William, 10, b. 1712-3, Jan. 25. Elizabeth, b. 1716, April 3; m. Ephraim Kidder, 9. - Mehitable, b. 1718, Aug. 29; m. 1741, Sept. 23, John White. Nathaniel, b. 1720-1, Feb. 2; m. 1744, Sept. 28, Elizabeth Frost, dau. of William, 10. Jonathan and David, b. 1724, May 28. Jonathan d. June 20. Sarah, b. 1728, April 28; m. 1746, March 17, Daniel Kittredge, (see 12). John, 11, b. 1730, May 27. 7. William, Dea., son of Jacob, 3, b. 1668, July 18; m. 1695, May 22, Sarah Danforth, dau. of Capt. Jonathan, 1. He d. 1728, Sept. 30, and his widow m. 1729, June 10, Ebenezer Davis, of Concord. She d. 1751, Oct. 15. Ch. Jacob, 12, b. 1696, May 16. Joseph, b. 1697-8. Jan. 26; d. Feb. 13. Sarah, b. 1698, Dec. 29; m. Nathaniel Whittemore, of Lexington; d. 1734, Aug. 15. — William, 18, b. 1700-1, Jan. 25. Jonathan, b. 1702-3, Jan. 25; d. 1727-8, March 9. Elizabeth, b. 1705, April 3; m. Josiah Crosby, 14. Ebenezer, 14, b. 1707, Aug. 5. Mary, b. 1709, Oct. 7; m. Benjamin Manning, 7. Nicholas, b, 1711, Sept. 5.. Lydia, b. 1714, April 26; d. 1731, a Esther, b. 1716, May 16; d. 1736. July 7. Samuel, 15, b. 1718, ay 21. : 8. Jonathan, perhaps son of Samuel, of Dunstable, son of William, 1, m. 1726,.June 23, Mary Davis, dau. of Joseph, 1. He d. 1727-8, March 9, ._ aged 26; his widow m. Samuel Brown, 7. Ch. Jonathan, b. 1727, April 25; d. 1748, June 16. Killed by Indians, near Fort Dummer. 9. John, son of John, 5, b. 1710, Oct. 24; m. 1732, Oct. 30, Mary Kittredge, dau. of John, 5, who d. 1759, March 27. He lived in Tewksbury. His will dated 1778, Jan. 2. Ch. John, b. 1733, March 30; m. 1767, April 22, Beulah Hosley, widow of Thomas, 4. David, b. 1735, March 2; d. before 1778; left a son, David. Solomon, b. 173%, March 11. Mary, b. 1738, Jan. 26; m. Samuel Brown. Reuben, b. 1741, May 15. Aaron, b. 1747, March 9. Jacob, b. 1751, April 21; d. 1756, March 24. Joel, b. 1754, July 22; d. Oct.17. Joel, b. 1753, (?) Sept. 22. Sarah ——, m. Samuel Marshall. Ruth ——, m. Joseph Phelps. / 10. William, son of William, 6, b. 1712-3, Jan. 25; m. Tabitha —~. Ch. Jenathan, 16, b. 1737, Oct.10. William, b. 1738-9, Feb. 16. Juseph, b. 1740. Dec. 10. Zubitha, b. 1742, Dec. 81. Benjamin, b. 1744-3, Feb. 18. Nehemiah, b. 1746, March 29. Mehittabel, b. 1747-8, Feb. 5. Stephen, bap. 1749, Dec. 31. Ephraim, b. 1751, Nov. 10. David, b. 1754, Sept. 15. Mehittabel, b. 1756, Aug. 18. 11. John, son of William, 6, b. 1730, May 27; m. 1754, May’9, Mary French, dau. of Jacob, 12, and 1763. Jan. 6, Priscilla Mace. Ch. Molly, b. 1755, Feb. 9; m. 1771, Dec. 3, William Kidder, 18. Sarah, b. 1757, April 14. Sarah, b. 1763. April 30; m. Jeremiah Pollard, (see 5). John, b. 1765, Aprild. Priscilla, b. 1767. March. Elizabeth, b. 1769, June 20. Daniel, b. 1771, Sept. 11. Benjamin, b. 1774, May 12. Joseph, b. 1776, Dec. 7; d. 1780, Nov. 20. Jesse, b. 1779, June 10; d. 1780, Nov. 16. Patty, b. 1781, May 20. 12: Jacob, son of William, 7, b. 1696, May 16; m. 1722, May 29, Elizabeth Davis, dau. of Joseph, 1. She d. 1737-8, Feb. 3; he m. 1741, May 19, Sarah Brown, dau..of George, 1. She d. 1765, Aug. 16, and he m. 1766, Nov. 19. Mrs. Mary Curtis, of Dracut, who d. 1769, Sept. 19. He d. 1775, March 7. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1722-3, Feb. 19; m. 1744, June 19, Jacob Reed, of Woburn. Rebecca, b. 1723-4, March 2; m. Timothy Rogers, (see7). Sarah, b..1725, Dec. 14; d. Feb. 16. Jacob, b. 1726-7, Feb. 7; d. 1734, Aug. 28. Anna, b. 1728, Aug. 16; m. 1749, Jan. 1, Edmond Frost, of Tewksbury. Sarah, b. 1730, May 9; d. 1750, March 15. Mary, b. 1731, Dec. 13; m. John French, 11. Silence, b. and d. 1734, May 28. Jacob, 18, ‘b. 1741-2, Jan. 20. Judah, b. 1748, Aug. 24; d. 1749, June 21. Joel, 19, 58 FRENCH. b. 1745, May 21. Ezra, b. 1746, Dec. 9; d. Dec. 28. ‘Submit, b. and d. 1747, Nov. 27. 18. William, son of William, 7, b. 1700-1, Jan. 25; m. 1726-7, Jan. 22, Joanna Hill, dau. of Samuel, 10. She d. 1769, Jan. 17, and he m. 1770, Nov. 27, Mrs. Mehitable Mooar, of Andover. Lieut. French d. 1776. April 9. Ch. William, 184, b. 1727-8, March 19. Joanna, b. 1729, Nov. 17; ‘m. Oliver Abbot, 3. — Juseph, b. 1730, Nov. 11; d. Nov. 21. Jonas, 20, ‘b. 1731-2, Mareh 18. Lucy, b. 1734, Oct. 20; d. 1733, May 18. Lucy, b. 1736, April 3; d. Sept. 17. Asa, 21, b. 1738. May 6. Joel, b. 1740, Aug. 19; d. Now. 23. Rachel. b. 1741, Oct. 10; d. 1774, Jan. 18. Lydia, b. 1744, March 30; m. —— Page. Hannah. b. 1746-7, Jan. 11; m. 1774, Jan. 6, Samuel Lane, of Bedford. 134. ‘William, son of William, 13, b. 1727-8, March 19; m. 1764, Feb. 23, Sarah Richardson, dau. of Samuel, 10. The Record says he d. 1764, Jan. 20, prob. an error for 1767. as ‘* William French 3d,” does not disappear from the tax-list till 1768, and his father makes a bequest to William, his grand-son. His widow prob. m. 1777, Oct. 21, Amos Foster, of Tewksbury. Ch. William, bap. 1765, July 28. Sarah, bap. 1766, Aug. 31; perhaps m. Ephraim Crosby, 27. : 14. Ebenezer, son of William, 7, b. 1707, Aug. 5; m. 1729, Aug. 27, Elizabeth Hill, dau. of Samuel, 10. She d. 1786, March 26; he d. 1791, Dec. 31. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1730, July 7; d. 1748, Sept. 4. Sarah, b. 1732, June l. Lucy, b. and d. 1734, May 20.. Ebenezer, 22, b. 1735, May 2. Esther, b. 1736-7, Feb. 11; m. Ebenezer Jaquith, 3. Jesse, 28, b. 1739, April 6. Jacoh, 24, b. 1740, Nov. 4. Abigail, b. 1742-3, March 9; 1n. 1767, Jan. 21, Abel Baldwin, 19. Samuel. b. 1750, Oct. 27; d. 1755. June 21. 15. Samuel, son of William, 7, b. 1718, May 21; m. 1743, July 7, Elizabeth Barron, of Chelmsford. Ch. Mary, b. 1743-4, March 23. Jsaac . Barron, 25, b. 1745, Dec. 30. Elizabeth, b. 1747-8, March 5; m. William Tarbell, 8. Esther, b. 1749-50, March 19; m. 1771, May 30, John Bowman, of Bedford. Sarah, b. 1752, March 23; m. Joseph Jones, 1. Samuel, b. 1754, April 22; d. 1756. Oct. 5. Lucy, b. 1756, April 6; m. Thomas Goodwin, 2. Oliver, b. 1758, Feb. 138. [The baptismal record says Olive]. Samuel, b. 1760, Sept. 7. Silas, b. 1762, Oct. 12. 16. Jonathan, son of William, 10, b. 1737, Oct. 10; m. 1763, Jan. 20, Abigail Hosley, dau. of Thomas, 2. Ch. Junathan, b. 1763, Dec. 8. Abigail. b. 1765. Dec. 8. Sarah, b. 1768, Oct. 15. ’ 17. David. His birth is not recorded, and prob. was not in town. He m. 1758, Nov. 15, Margaret Ross. a widow. Died of small-pox, in Dunstable, 1779, Dec. 29. Ch. David, b. 1759, Nov. 5. Martha, b. 1762, Nov. 5., Thomas, b. 1765, Dec. 8. 18.- Jacob, son of Jacob, 12, b. 1741-2, Jan. 20; m. 1767, Feb. 24, Elizabeth Kittredge, prob. dau. of William. 8, of Tewksbury. Ch. Silent, b. and d. 1767, Dec. 7. Elizabeth, b. 1769, Aug. 6. Jacob, b. 1771, April 9. Hannah, b. 1774, Jan. 16. Judah, b. 1776, Jan. 28. Anna, b. 1777, Nov. 27. cae. 1780, Jan. 30. Sarah, b. 1782, Dec. 22; m. Benjamin Dowse, see 5). ; 19. Joel, son of Jacob, 12, b. 1745, May 21; m. 1771,-Nov. 21, Eleanor Johnson. She d. 1774, Feb. 6; he d. 1775, March 7. Ch. Sarah, b. 1772, Oct. 9; d. 1773, April 18. 20. Jonas, son of William, 13, b. 1731-2, March 18; m. 1758, Jan. 5, Hannah Page, dau. of Nathaniel, 4. She d. 1793, April 2; he d. 1801, Feb. 9. Ch. Jonas, b. 1758, Sept. 18; d. 1775, Oct. 4. Nathaniel, 26, b. 1760, April ll. Reuben. 27, b. 1761, Oct. 18. William, b. 1765, April 29; m. 1791, Jan. 20, Rebecca Marshall, dau. of Isaac, 7. Hannah, b..1768, Jan. 23; m. 1789, April 2, Jonathan Heald, of Carlisle. Thomas, b. 1770, Sept. 24. Ziba, b. 1773, June 9. Susanna, b. 1775, Oct. 25; m. Joseph Jaquith, 8. 21. Asa, son of William, 13, b. 1738, May 6; m. 1760, March 13, Hannah Richardson, dau. of Samuel, 10. Ch. Asa, b. 1760, July 7. FRENCH. 59 Joshua, b. 1762, March 27. Joseph and Benjamin. (The two latter, named in their grand-father’s will). 22. Ebenezer, son of Ebenezer, 14, b. 1735, May 2; m. 1760, June 3, Rebecca Kidder, dau. of William, 8. Ch. Ebenezer, b. 1760, Dec. 16; d. at Halifax, 1778, Sept. 28. Rebecca, b. 1762, June 26; m. Samuel Marshall, (see 6). Sarah, b. 1764, Jan. 11. Abel, b. 1766, Aug. 15. Lydia, b. 1767, Dec. 1; m. 1800, Dec. 5, Rev. Joshua Heywood, who was b. in Burlington, 1761, Aug. 2; grad. D. C., 1795; studied theology with Dr. Cummings; was ordained pastor in Dunstable, 1799, June 5; d. 1814, Nov. 11. Zadock, b. 1769, May 22. Elizabeth, b. 1771, Feb. 7. Hezekiah, b. 1773, Jan. 18. Francis, b. 1774, Aug. 15. Josiah, b. 1777. Dec. 25. 23. Jesse, son of Ebenezer, 14, b. 1739, April 6; m. 1761, April 14. Abigail Jaquith, dau. of Abraham, 1. He lived after 1763, for some years, in pear Ch. Jesse, b. 1761, Oct. 11; lived in Ohio. Samuel, b. 1763, March 14; lived in Fitchburg. Thomas livedin Fitchburg. Luther, 28, b. 1767, Sept. 25. Abram, a merchant in Boston. Abel m. 1817, Elizabeth Foster, and had two sons, one of whom was Franklin, of Acton. 24. Jacob, son of Ebenezer, 14, b. 1740, Nov. 4; m. 1763, Jan. 28, Sarah Ditson, dau. of Thomas, 2. Hed. 1776. Aug. 4. Ch. Jacob, b. 1763, Oct. 17. James, b. 1765, Oct. 1. Sarah, b. 1768, Oct. 15; m, 1795, Dec. 15, Sylvanus Blanchard, of Malden. Peter, 244, b. 1770, Nov. 6. Benjamin, b. 1773, May 22. Rhoda, b. 1775, April 9. 243. Peter, son of Jacob, 24, b. 1770, Nov. 6; m. 1792, Oct. 9, Elizabeth Jaquith, dau. of Joseph, 6. She d. 1838, Dec. 9. Ch. Peter, bap. 1793, April 14. ; 25. Isaac, son of Samuel, 15, unless Isaac Barron was another person, as is suggested by the difference of 5 years in the age given by grave-stone. If so, the birth of this Isaac is not necorded. He m. Hannah ——., and d. 1821, April 8, aged 70, [grave-stone]. Ch. Isaac, 29, b. 1777, Aprill. Cyrus, 294, b. 1779, Feb. 22. Hannah, b. 1781, June 1; d. 1805, Nov. 26. Jonathan, 80, b. 1783, Feb. 20. Sampson. b. 1785, Feb. 6; d. 1808, Feb. 26. Mary, b. 1787, March 9; d. 1806, Sept. 5. ri, b. 1789, Feb. 25, d. 1808, Jan. 7. Moody, b. 1791, March 5; d. 1796, Jan. 6. William, . b. 1798, June 18; d. 1795, Dec. 28. Joseph, bap. 1795, July 26. Anna, b. 1797, May 24; m. Joseph Parker. 27. . 26. Nathaniel, son of Jonas, 20, b. 1760, April 11; m. 1783, Sept. 11, Susanna Brown, of Concord. Ch. Jonas, b. 1787, June 7. Cinda, b. 1789, Noy. 8. 27. Reuben, son of Jonas, 20, b. 1761, Oct. 18; m. 1789, March 12, Abigail Farmer, dau. of John. 11. Ch. Nabby, b. 1790, Aug. 21; m. Josiah Hill, 26. Reuben, 31, b. 1792. Feb. 26. Charles, b. 1798, Oct. 138. Ziba, b. 1796, Jan. 3. George, b. 1797, Sept. 8. Zoa,b. 1801, April15. Page, b. 1805, April 30; d. 1819, Oct. 14. 28. Luther, son of Jesse, 23, b. in Fitchburg, 1767, Sept. 25; m. 1796, Aug. 28, Sally Bowers, dau. of Josiah, 3. ‘He lived on Andover street, at the fork of the Long pond road. Ch. Maria, b. 1796, Sept. 12; d. 1799, March 27. Caroline, b. 1798, May 6; m. Zaccheus Shed, 25. Josiah Bowers, b. 1799, Dec. 13; m. 1823, April 6, Mary Ann Stevens, dau. of Josiah. She d. 1863, June 6, and he d. 1876, Aug. 21. By his will, the Howe school is to receive, eventually, $5000 for its library. His ch. Mary Ann, b. 1823, Sept. 19; m. Hon. Benjamin Dean, of Boston, recently a member of Congress. Josiah Stevens, b. 1825, Sept. 30; d. Harriet Stevens, b. 1827, Aug. 27. Josiah Bowers, b. 1830, Jan. 8. Samuel Lawrence, b. 1832, Sept. 25. _ Luther Bartlett, b. 1834, Oct. 25; d. Sarah Josephine, b. 1838, March 3. Catherine Isabella, b. 1840, Dec. 20; ma. Arthur E. Bowers. Frances Maria. b. 1843, April 20; d. Note.—Of this loyal son of Billerica, and ex-Mayor of Lowell, we are happy to give, herewith, an excellent portrait, and to condense from the “Contributions” of the Old Residents Historical Association of Loweil, pps. 151-4, farther notice of his active life. a¢ G0 FRENCH —FROST. At the age of eleven. he went to live with his uncle, attending school and working for his board, and the district school was his only educational advantage. He spent two years, 1815-7, with another uncle in Salisbury. N. H., and was two or three years in a country store, and a short time in Charlestown. In 1824, he became Deputy Sheriff of Middlesex county, and settled in Lowell, holding this office till 1830.. From this time he became active in the great business of staging, owning largely in the lines from Lowell to Concord, and others; and was a mail vontractor between Boston and Montreal. In building the Ogdensburg railroad, he was a large contractor, and he became President of the Northern (N. H.) Railroad in 1851, but resigned on the death, in 1853, of his brother. with whom he was associated in extensive railroad contracts in Ohio, the management of which he then had to assume. About 1860. he became Agent of the ‘Winnipesaukee Lake Cotton and Woolen Manufacturing Company, at Lake Village, N. H., and so remained for 12 years. In Lowell he was active in 1826, in building the Central Bridge, and remained in the Company until it was made free by the city. He was one of the corporators in 1828, and a Director of the Old Lowell Bank, and later, of the Appleton Bank, of which he became President; also of the City Institution for Savings. In 1835, he was Representative in the Legislature; member of the Common Council, 1836-42; Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, 1841; County Commissioner, 1844-7; and Mayor, 1849-50. ‘'From the early history of Lowell, his experience has been as successful, as honorable to himself and to his fellow-citizens, and his name in the years to come will occupy a prominent position in the history of our city.” Andrew, b. 1801, Dec. 21; d. 1873, Jan. 12. Abram, b. 1803, Dec. 13; lived in Lowell; had 5 ch.; d. 1879, April 11. Luther, b. 1806, Jan. 9; d. 1834, Sept. 4. Maria Trowbridge, b. 1808, April 4; lives in Lowell. Walter, b. 1810, Aug. 29; d. 1853. May 6; killed at Norwalk, Conn., an open ‘‘draw” precipitating a railroad train into the river. Amos Binney, b. 1812, July 3; of the firm of French & Puffer, of Lowell; m. Leocade Dearborn. and had Frances Maria, who m. Dr. Leighton, of Lowell, and Leocade, who d. Thomas Trowbridge, b. 1814, Dec. 21; lives in East, Chelmsford. Lucy Ann, b. 1819, July 30; d. 1826, Feb. 29. Isaac, son of Isaac, 25, b. 1777, April 1. Ch. Moody, Mary and Hannah, all bap. 1806, Sept. 21. Hannah m. 1835, June 28, Ethel Stevens. 94. Cyrus, son of Isaac, 25, b. 1779, Feb. 22; d. 1817, Sept. 2. Ch. Emelia, bap. 1813, Jan. 3. Isaac, bap. 1815, March 12. 80. Jonathan, son of Isaac; 25, b. 1783, Feb. 20; m. 1809, June 14, Abigail Bacon; d. 1809, Nov. 24. His widow m. Josiah Hill, 36. 31. Reuben, son of Reuben, 27, b. 1792, Feb. 26; m. 1819, Feb. 7, Abigail Holden, dau. of Thomas, 2. Ch. Henry Page, b. 1824, May 23; d. ae 22. Henry Holden, b. 1827, Jan. 15. George Page, b. 1829, Sept. 15. 82. Charles W., son of Ami, of Tewksbury, who d. here, 1836, May 15, aged 52; m. Roxanna Warren; lived at North Billerica; d. 1876, July 5, aged 66; his widow d. 1880, Jan. 10. Ch. Augusta Maria, b. 1839, April 11; m. Thomas Spaulding, 11. Charles Barrett, b. 1840, Oct. 10. Marietta, b. 1844, April 24. Frederic, b. 1847, July 20. 33. Joseph, from Maine m. 1843. Nov. 7, Elizabeth Ann Puffer. He d. 1853, Nov. 2, aged 385. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1844, Oct. 6. Joseph, b. 1846, April 15. Sarah L.. b. 1851, Sept. 7. 34. Sullivan Frederick, from Newport, Me., m. 1875, July 29, Edith Winter, dau. of Samuel E.,2. Ch. Katie May, b. 1876, June 17. Phillip a b. tie Dec. 28. - William, of Boston, m. 1819, Aug. 10, Sarah Baldwi dau. of Reuben, 18. : : - : Mee DEEDS FROST. Samuel, 1, and James, 2, were sons of Dea. Edmund, of Cambridge, and were accepted as inhabitants, 1663-4, Jan. About ten years passed, before Samuel settled in the town. Ad, Gere FROST. 61 : 1. Samuel, b. 1637-8, Feb.; m. 1663, Oct. 12, Mary Cole, and 2d, Hlizabeth Miller, dau. of Rev. John Miller. He prob. m. a 3d wife, Ruth ——, who m. John Dutton, 3. Three ch. by first wife were b. in Cambridge. He bought land of John Marshall. and lived south-east of the Andover road, having a right to pass on John Sheldon’s land, to the road. ‘“Dr. Samuel Frost departed this life,” 1717-8, Jan. 7. Ch. Samuel, b. 1664, Aug. 21; m. Experience ——; lived in Springfield. Isaac, b. 1666, Oct. 21. Edmond, ‘b. 1668, Aug. 21; d. 1690-1, Feb. 5. Thomas, 3. Elizabeth, b. 1674, April 30; m. John Francis, of Medford. John, b. 1678, . April 2; went to Newtown, Bucks Co., Penn.; d. about 1717, leaving his estate to his sister Elizabeth and brothers Thomas and Joseph. Joseph, b. 1680, Dec. 23; m. 1707, Jan. 12, Sarah Whittemore, widow of John, and in 1717, Hannah Estabrook. He lived in Charlestown and Sherburne. Benjamin, b. 1683, Aug. 10. Jonathan, b. 1685, Nov. 3; d. 1706, June 23. David, b. 1689, April 11; d. April14. Edmond, 4, b. 1691-2, March 5. 2. James, b. 1640, April 9; m. 1664, Dec. 7, Rebecca Hamlet, dau. of William, 1. She d. 1666, July 20; he m. 1666-7, Jan. 22. Elizabeth Foster, dau. of Thomas, 1. He lived north-east of Bare hill, between Hamlet and Ross; was deacon. He d. 1711, Aug. 12; his widow d. 1726. Ch. James, 5, b. 1666, July 7. Thomas. 6, b. 1667, Oct. 18. John, b. 1668, Nov. 14; d. March 3. Samuel, 7, b. 1669-70, Feb? 28. Elizabeth, b. 1672, Nov. 6; m. Peter Corneal, 1. Edmond, b. 1675, May 14; d. May 18. Mary, b. 1676, May 6; m. John Walker, 2. Sarah, b. 1678, July 15; m. Nathaniel Howard. Hannah, b. 1680-1, Jan 31. Joseph. 8, b. 1682-3, March 21. a b. 1685, Aug. 23; m. Ephraim Kidder, 5. Benjamin, 9, b. 1687-8, arch 8. 8. Thomas, son of Dr. Samuel, 1. Birth not recorded. He m. Sarah Dunton, dau. of Samuel. After 1719, he removed to Natick and d. there, not long before 1746, May 10. Ch. Rebecca, b. 1695, May 6. Josiah, b. 1696-7, March 27; d. insane, 1746. Sarah, b. 1698-9, Jan. 29; m. Abraham Graves, of Andover. Samuel, b. 1700, June 7; lived in Natick; d. 1747. Ebenezer, b. 1711, Nov. Ruth, b. 1715, Oct. 4; m. Elijah Kendrick. Zsther, b. 1718, Sept.1. 4. Edmond, son of Dr. Samuel, 1, b. 1691-2, March 5; m.1712, Dec. 1, Hannah Kittredge, dau. of John, 2; lived in Tewksbury. She d. 1759, Oct. 13; he d. 1766, May 29. Ch. Hannah, b. 1715, May 25. Elizabeth b. 1717-8. Feb. 23; m. John Patten, 8. Abigail, b. 1718-9, March 16. Susanna, b. 1721, April 18. Edmond, b. 1723, April 3; m. 1749, Jan. 11, Anna French, dau. of Jacob, 12; lived in Tewksbury. Ruth, b. 1725, June 17. Samuel, b. 1733, Sept. 16; m. 1764, May 22, Martha Mace; lived in Tewksbury and in Dunbarton, N. H.; had ch. Samuel, Abraham and Martha, who m. Moses ‘Trussell, of Boscawen, N.H. Ruth m. Isaac Bailey; Isaac, Jacob and Abigail. Jacob b. 1773, June 28, was a black- smith in Fryeburg and Denmark, Me., and had 13 ch., of whom Sarah P. m. Rev. Larkin L. Jordan, and Mary Kidder m. Snow Whitman, of Boston, and had Charles B. b. 1848, Aug. 22. Abigail, b. 1776, Oct. 8; m. William Burnham, of Dunbarton, and had Charles Guilford Burnham, b. 1803, Oct. 6.; D. C., 1829; d. 1866, June 29; a distinguished teacher in Pembroke, N. H. and Danville, Vt. : 5. James, son of James, 2, b. 1666, July 7; m. Hannah ——. Shed. after 1712; he m. 1729-30, Jan. 16, Mary Beard, widow of Andrew, 1. Ch. William, 10, b. 1694, Sept. 4. Hannah, b. 1696, Oct. 22; m. Seth Levistone, 8. Rebecca, b. 1699, April 26; m. Joseph Frost, 8. James, b. 1701, June 27; d. 1703, May 27. Ebenezer, b. 1702, Aug. James. 11, b. 1704, Oct. 3. Elizabeth. b.1710, Aug. 27; m. James Sanders, 8+ John, 12, b. 1712, Oct. 28. ; t 6. Thomas, son of James. 2, b. 1667, Oct. 18; m. 1695, Dec. 12, Rebecca Farley, dau. of Caleb, 2. Shed. 1704-5, March 4; he m. 1706, March 28. Hannah Richardson, of Woburn. She d. 1708, May 19; he m. Deborah ——. Hed. 1742, March 6. Ch. James, b. 1696, Sept. 18; d. 1697. 62 FROST. April 21. Experience, b. 1698, March 26; m. Joseph Bigsby, of Andover. Rebecca, b. 1701, Aug. 9; m. David Blanchard, of Andover. Sarah, b. 1704, Dec. 25; m. Abraham Foster, of Andover. Thomas, b. 1708, April 165 m. 1737, June 6, Doreas Boynton, of Lunenburg; lived in Dunstable. Joseph, b. 1709, Nov. 26. Timothy, b. 1710. Nov. 16; d. 1714, June 8. Deborah, b. 1714, June 9. Elizabeth, b. 1716-7, Feb. 28. 7. Samuel, son of James, 2, b. 1669-70, Feb. 28; m. Hannah. She d. 1753, Dec. 25, aged 77. He d. 1755, Dec. 7, in Tewksbury. Ch. Hannah, b. 1702, May 13; m. Robert Meers, 1. Samuel, b. 1703, Nov. 26. Daniel, b. 1705, June 9. Abigail, b. 1710, June 18. John, b. 1712, April 30; m. Deborah (Temple) Harris. Elizabeth, b. 1714, Aug. 16; m. Thomas Levistone. 4, 8. Joseph, son of James, 2, b. 1682-3, March 21; m. 1710, April 5, Sarah Flint, of Charlestown, dau. of John French, 2, and 1718, Dee. 8, Rebecca Frost, dau. of James, 5. He d. in Tewksbury, 1737. Dec. 28. Ch. Joseph, 13, b. 1711-2, Jan. 22. Sarah, b. 1716, May 31. Benjamin, b. 1717-8, March 6. Ephraim, b. 1721, June 9. 9. Benjamin, son of James, 2, b. 1687-8, March 8; m. 1710, Dec. 21, Mary Stearns, dau. of Thomas, 4. She d. 1725, Oct. ; he m. 1725-6, Feb. 15, Hannah Richardson, widow of Jonathan, 6. Sergt. Frost d. 1753, March 24. She d. 1769, Sept. 42.. Ch. Mary, b. 1727, April 20; m. Benjamin Danforth, 12. 10. William, son of James, 5, b. 1694. Sept. 4; m. 1721, Elizabeth Wilson, dau. of John, 2. Hed. before the birth of Abial. .Ch. William, b. 1722, Sept. 17; d. Oct. 17. Elizabeth, b. 1723, Aug. 31; m. Nathaniel French, (see 6). William, b. 1724-5, Feb, 21; d. 1748, Sept. 9. James, b. 1726, May 8; d. June 11. Jacob, b. 1727-8, March 16. #sther, b. 1729-30, Feb. 17; m. Samuel Marshall, (see 4). Rebecca, b. 1733, Oct. 1; d. 1734, June 20. Jesse, b. 1735-6, March 9. Lucy, b. 1737, April 9. Abial, b. 1738-9, March 18. 11. James, son of James, 5, b. 1704, Oct. 3; m. 1731-2, Feb. 8, Esther Hosley, dau. of James. He lived west of Concord river, not far from the ‘‘corner” bridge; d. 1754, Jan. 5. She d. 1773, Nov. 20. Ch. Esther, b. 1732, April 15. James, b. 1734-5. Jan. 3. Joshua, 14, b. 1737, Dec. 8. Hannah, b. 1740, July 20; m. Jacob Foster, 9. Sarah, b. 1744, Sept. 16; m. 1774, March 22, Adam Caldwell. Abigail, b. 1747, July 24; m. Benjamin Dows. 5. William, 15, b. 1749, Dec. 17. Martha, b. 1751, Nov. 19; m. 1772, Feb. 27, William Bean. 12. John, son of James, 5, b. 1712, April 30; m. 1736, Dec. 22, Hannah Cornel! ; dau. of Peter, 1. He was one of the three Billerica victims of the Indian ambuscade and massacre, near Fort Dummer, 1748, June 16. Ch. John, b. 1737, Nov. 19. Hannah, b. 1741, Aug. 6; m. Abijah Beard, 18. Peter, b. 1744, Nov. 21. _13. Joseph, son of Joseph, 8, b. 1711-2, Jan. 22; m. 1731, Oct. 25, Abigail Kittredge, dau. of Daniel,4. He lived in Tewksbury; d. 1751, Jan. 29; his widow m. 1755, March 21, Ebenezer Fisk. Ch. Ephraim, b. 1732. May 13. Abigail,.b. 1733-4, March 6. Mehitable, b. 1735, Sept. 4; d. 1736, Jan. 24. Joshua, b. 1737, April 3. Joseph, b. 1738, Feb. 20. ee Re dey ee as pone and Sarah, b. 1742, Feb. 10. ehittable, b. une 4. Elizabeth and Dani 17: . 16. igai b. 1749, April 30. , tel, b. 1747, Aug. 16. Abigail 14. Joshua, son of James, 11, b. 1737, Dec. 8; m. 1765, Feb. 7, Hannah Dutton, dau. of Thomas, 6, He d. before the birth of William; his widow m. Jonas Sanders, 6. Ch. Rebecca, b. 1766, Aug. 26; m. George Tufts. Hannah, b. 1769, Aug. 11; m. William Levistone, (see 4). Mary, b. 1773, March 8; m. Job Nickles, (see 4). |_Elizabeth, b. 1775, Dec. 16. Joshua, b. 1778, ‘Aug. 24; d. 1780, May 29. William, b. 1780, Sept. 22. 15. William, son of James, 11, b. 1749, Dec. 17; m. 1775, June 14, Molly pe of Chelmsford, and 1784, Dec. 12, Sarah Wilson, dau. of Seth, 5. Ch. William, b. 1785, Dec. 8. Joshua, b. 1787, Feb. 5. FROST — GLEASON. 63 Benjamin, 16, b. 1791, Nov. 27. Sarah, b. 1794, Aug. 25. Clarissa, b. 1796, June 18; m. Charles Goodwin, 4. Martha, b. 1800, Jan. 23 5 m. 1824, June 17, Joel Wheat. Maria, b. 1804, Sept. 30. 16. Benjamin, son of William, 15, b. 1791, Nov. 27; m. Beulah —~. He d. 1847, July 30. Ch. Sarah Elizabeth, b. 1816, Aug. 24. William Franklin, b. 1818, July 26. Lucy Ann, b. 1819, Oct. 19. ~ John, b. 1820, Dec. 10. George, 17, b, 1825. April 18. Harriet and Henry, b. 1827, June 12. Harriet m. Albert R. Richardson, 34, and Henry m. 1851, May 27, Lucy I. Hutchins; d. 1859, June 2. 17. George, son of Benjamin, 16, b. 1825, April 18; m. at Concord, N. H., 1861, Nov. 28, Susan A. Rust. He lived on the Andover road, near the Salem road; d. 1879, Aug. 7. Ch. Charles H., b. 1866, Feb. 18. FULLER. 1. John had ch. Thaddeus Muzzy, bap. 1786, Aug. 27. 2. Silas had Josiah, bap. 1787, Sept. 14. GALUSHA, Samuel, and wife Esther. Name not on tax-list. Ch. Joseph, b. 1747. May 9. ‘i a PABSON, William, of Nottingham West, m. 1778, Nov. 26, Mary odgett. GLEASON. Thomas Gleason, of Watertown, Cambridge, and 1662, of Charlestown. He m. Susannah , and had ch. Thomas, Joseph, and John, who lived in Sudbury; Mary. b. in Cambridge, 1657, Oct. 31; prob. Isaac, who was in the Falls fight, 1676, and lived in Enfield, and William. William m. Abiah ——, and had ch. bap. 1687, April 10. Joseph, John and Elizabeth, and 1690, Dec. 7, Isaac. Isaac m. Martha Livermore, of Watertown, and lived in Sudbury, and had a son, Isaac, who was father of our William. 1. Isaac, who kept a tavern in Waltham. Josiah, who lived in Chelsea, Joseph, who ad. in the French War, and John, of Woburn. 1. William. The name is first on the tax-list of 1754. He leased the College farm, east of the Shawshin, and not many years later, he purchased it. It remained the family home until 1850, when Mr. William S. Gleason removed to the village, where he now lives, on the south side of Andover street. William Gleason m. Mary Seger, who d. 1776, Oct. 5, aged 45; he m. 1780, June 28, Mary, widow of James Goss. She d. 1817, June 11; he d. 1818, Feb. 3, aged 88. Ch. William, b. 1756, Aug. 21; d. Mary, b. 1758, Aug. 17; m. Mark Pitman; lived in Maine. Hannah, b. 1760, Dec. 10; m. ‘Timothy Walker, son of Joseph, 6. William, 2, b.. 1763, Feb. 138. Rebecca, b. 1765, Dec. 10; m. 1786, Feb. 28, Joseph Heywood [or Howard,] of Brownfield, Me. One of his sons was Joseph, b. 1800. March 14; grad. B. C., 1821; m. Maria, dau. of Hon. Judah Dana, of Fryeburgh, Me., and was for many years an honored Judge of the Supreme Court of Maine. He d. in Portland, 1877, Dec. 12. Joseph, 3, b. 1768, Feb. 5. Ruth, b. 1770, May 2; d. Sarah, b. 1772, Aug. 13; m. 1801, July 2, William Homer, Boston; had William, Lucy, Augustus, Aaron and Francis. Lucy, b. 1776, March 21; d. Ducy, bap. 1782, July 7. 2. William, son of William, 1, b. 1763. Feb. 13; m. 1795, Feb. 11, Sally Bacon, of Bedford. He d. 1844, Sept. 26. She d. 1852, Dec. 16, aged 81. Ch. Sarah. b. 1797, Aug. 1; m. 1826, June 1, Robert Ames, of oburn. Daughter, b. and d. 1799, Feb. 20. William, b. 1801, Jan. 115 d.March1. Mary Ann, b. 1803, April 13: Elizabeth, b. 1805, Oct. 8; m. 1831, Dec. 1, Jeremiah Goldsmith, Andover. Abigail Harriet, b. 1808, Jan. 22; m. George Crosby, of Boston. son of Michael. William Segar, 4, b. 1809, Nov. 1. Louisa, b. 1812, Feb. 3; m. 1844, May 15, Daniel Richardson, of Woburn, (see 27). Daughter, b. and d. 1814, Nov. 9. Josiah Bacon, b. 1816, July 13; m. Mary Hartwell; lives in Lexington; has ch. Henry, Josiah ahd Fred Eugene. ; 8. Joseph, son of William, 1, ,b. 1768, Feb. 5; m. 1798, May 31, Sarah Cook. dau. of Sears, 2. He d. 1849, March 21; she d. 1851, May 21. Ch. Joseph, b. 1800, Aug. 4. Amira, b. 1804, Feb. 26; m. Sewell Buck, of Wilmington. Susan Walker, b. 1807, Nov. 2; m. 1832, April 24, Silas Cutler, of Burlington. George, b. 1809, March 8; m. Susan Bennett. 64 GLEASON —GRAY. 4, William Segar, son of William, 2, b. 1809, Nov. 1; m. 1842, June 1, Mary Baker. dau. of John. Ch. Sarah, b. 1843, July 13. GOFFE, Anthony, was in arrears of minister’s tax, 1685. He was in Woburn, 1687. GOODALE, Amos, on tax-list, 1769. GOODWIN. 1. Thomas, m. 1754, June 27, Mary Ditson, dau. of Thomas, 2. Ch. Rewel, 2. Mary, b. 1754, Nov. 30; d. 1781, May 3, in Woburn. Thomas, 3, b. 1756, Dec. 9. 2. Reuel, son of Thomas, 1, had ch. Rhoda, who m. 1820, Nov. 30, Joshua Reed, of Burlington. Barbara m. Daniel Richardson, (see 27). Carvline and Reuel, who d. about 1809. . 3. Thomas, son of Thomas, 1, b. 1756, Dec.'9; m. 1784, June 3, Lucy French, dau. of Samuel, 15. Ch. Lucy, b. 1787, Oct. 6; m. 1810, Oct. 31, Lewis Jewel, of Boston. Nancy, b. 1789, June 8. Nathaniel, b. 1791, July 3. Charles, 4, b. 1793 (?) 27th. Betsey, b. 1795, Jan. 26; m. 1833, April 4, Benjamin F. Beard, of Wilmington. 4. Charles, son of Thomas, 2, m. 1814, Sept. 20, Isabella Bowlend, dau. of Benjamin, 1, [not his widow]. She d. 1828, July 22 aged 32; he m. 1830, Aug. 29, Clarissa Frost, dau of William, 15. Ch. Charles Henry, b. 1815, July 16. Isabella Henrietta, b. 1817, Feb. 13; m. John Crosby, 34. John Theodore, 5, b. 1819, June 4. Benjamin Bowlend, b. 1822, June 1. George Wales, b. 1824, June 30. Clara Ann, b. 1832, Feb. 20. Susan Ellen, b. 1834, Feb. 15. 5. John Theodore, son of Charles, 3, b. 1815, July 16; m. Mary Ann Winter, dau. of Stephen, 1. He went to California. Ch. Mary Elizabeth, b. 1845, Jan. 3. GORTON, Abraham, from Roxbury, son of John, was in B., 1683, or before, and until 1696. He m. 1683, May 21, Mary Sumner. [Savage]. Ch. Mary, b. 1684, March 24. John, b. 1686, March 9. In Billerica, Sarah, b. 1687-8, Nov. 22. Rebecca, b. 1689, July 24. Abraham and Mary b. . 1692-3, Feb. 28. Abraham d. March 6, and Mary d. Dec. 18. Abraham, b. 1696, April 7. GOSS, James, of Lancaster, m. 1761, May 14, Mary Stickney, dau. of Daniel, 3. She m. 2d, William Gleason, 1. Only the birth of Jeremiah is recorded in Billerica. Ch. Mary m. Jonathan Buck; lived in Windsor, N. H. James, a physician in Gloucester; Representative in 1832, and a useful citizen. He d. 1842, Nov. 29, aged 79. Jeremiah, b. 1769, Sept. 3. Mehitiable, who was admitted to full communion, 1796, Aug. 7, and soon dis. to West Cambridge; but lived, after. in Windsor. _ GOULD. 1. Samuel, was in town, 1685, with rates due to the minister. . 2. Henry, of Concord, m. 1748, May 12, Lydia Blaisdell. 8. Sve Durrent, Reuben, 12, for change of name of his son, to Nathaniel D. Gould. _4. Joseph Dudley, son of Joseph Dudley, was b. in West Roxbury. 1835, Feb. 11. His grand-father Jacob m. Lucy Ruggles, dau. of Joseph, 3. His father was b. 1806, May 17, and d. 1879, Apel 19. Mr. Gould grad. from the Lawrence Scientific School, Cambridge, 1859, and has been in charge of the extensive Chemical Works at North Billerica. He m. 1866, March 28, Elvira Rogers, dau. of Calvin. 2. GRAGG, George Watson, m. 1856, May 1, Mary Elizabeth Cole, dau. of Samuel. Ch. George William, b. 1857, Oct. 5. Sarah Elizabeth, b. 1860, Feb. 23. Herbert Marshall, b. 1864, Aug. 27. i GEARY. 1. Henry, and Mary Blunt, ‘‘both of Andover,” m. 1699, ay 13. ' 2. Braviter, is on the tax-list of 1738, the son of Braviter and Dorothy Abbot, of Andover; b. there 1717, July 19. His father was b. 1685, Sept. 29, the son of Robert and Hannah Holt. He m. 1743, Sept. 6, Bethyah Hill. She d. 1754, Jan. 30; he m. 1757, July 14. Anna Danforth, dau. of Jonathan, 6. She d. 1757, Aug. 10; he m. 1759, May 23, Elizabeth GREENWOOD—HAMLET. 65 Blanchard, widow of John, 2. Ch. Joseph, b. 1744, July 1. Mary, b. 1745, Oct. 29. Timothy, b. 1747-8, Feb. 25; d. 1749, Dec. 17. | Timothy, b. 1752, March 28. Jonathan, b. 1754, Jan. 3. Braviter, b. 1760, March 23. 3. William, son of Jonathan (above) was b. in Tewksbury, 1792, Aug. 4; m. 1846, Jan. 1, Abigail Allen Richardson, dau. of John, 29. He was a merchant; d. 1868, Oct. 3. Ch. Maria. b. 1847, June 25; m. Dr. Bickford. Lucy Ann, b..1849. Sept. 24; m. 1871, June 29, William J. Clewly. from St. Stephen, N. B. They live at North Billerica. GREENWOOD, Moses P., b. in Needham, 1814, April 13; m. 1840, May 7, Lucy Jennison, of Natick. He lives near the Concord river and Bedford line. Ch. Harriet L., b. in Weston, 1841, Feb. 7. Ann Augusta, b. 1848, July 22; m. 1869. Dec. 28, George Bradford, of Canterbury, Conn. ; lives in Waltham. Caroline E., b. 1845, May 13. George P., b. 1851, Sept. 5; m. 1880, April 14, Alice R. Harding. GRIMES, George, was in town, 1677,.but it does not appear whence he came. He bought land of Timothy Brooks, and lived on the Shawshin, near Concord line. He removed to Lexington, after 1708, and d. there, 1716, July 28, aged 76. He m. 1675, April 15, Elizabeth Blanchard, dau. of George, (Wyman).° Ch. William, b. 1677, Nov. 11; m. Mary ——; lived in Lexington. Elizabeth, b. 1679, June 28. Ruth, b. 1681, July 4. Jonathan, b. 1683, June 22; d. 1702-3, March 2. GURNEY, John, of Braintree, had an early ‘right’ in Billerica, but never occupied it. HAGGITT. 1. Thomas, and wife Susanna. His name is on tax-list, 1757 and 1758; his mother, Mary Granger, d. 1757, March 12. Ch. Susannah b. 1757, July 13. 2. John, on tax-list, 1739 and 1740. HALE, William. ([Hail, Haile, often the form]. Was granted “one- quarter of a ten acre lot” in 1659. His home-lot contained 24 acres, ‘‘ by the east side of Concord river, on y® west side of the highway to Chelmsford. between the township and y* great bridge.” This was the last lot this side the fordway, and was beyond John Durrant. He was the first person employed to ‘digg y* graves” in town. He m. 1662, Oct. 30, at Charlestown, Anna Case; d. 1668, May 20, without issue. His widow m. Samuel Trull. His town right, and prob. his land, was in possession of Thomas Pollard, in 1708. ; HALL. 1. Richard, Jr., was prob. from Bradford, and settled in the Tewksbury part of the town. He m. 1726-7, Feb. 9, Sarah Pollard, dau. of Thomas, 1; d. 1745, Nov. 17. Ch. John, b. 1727, Nov. 5; d. same day. with his father. Richard, b. 1729, Sept. 20. Olive, b. 1732-3, Jan. 4. Asa, b. 1741, Sept. 14. 2. Samuel m. 1727-8, Jan. 5, Hannah Kittredge, perhaps a daughter of James, 8. She d. 1750, July 21; he m. 1751, April 24, Hannah Sanders, of Tewksbury. Ch. John, b. 1747, March 28; d. 1749, Oct. 31. Thomas, 8, and Hannah, bap. 1750, May 27, aged 20 and 18 years. : : 8. Thomas, son of Samuel, 2, b. 1730; m. 1761, April 15, Lydia Keyes, prob. dau. of Joseph, of Chelmsford. He d. 1772, May 10. Ch. Lydia, b. 1762, Jan. 5. Hannah, b. 1763, Feb. 14. Isaac, b. 1764, July 25. Sarah, b. 1765, Dec. 25. Nathan, b. 1767, Aug. 6. Elizabeth, b. 1769, Jan. 27. ; Bs - ; 4, William, aged 19, received baptism, 1755, April 6; also Isaac. Jacob and Elizabeth. 1758, May 7, aged 19, 17 and 16. William m. 1764, Oct. 30, Mary Fletcher. Ch. William, bap. 1765, Nov. 10. Stephen, bap. 1767, May 31. Abigail. dau. of Nathaniel. was bap. 1778, March 15. 5. George H. m. Ann Baker, dau. of John. He is a mason; lives on Andover street, in the village. Ch. Alice Baker, b. 1861, Dec. 27. Mildred Ann. b. 1863, Oct. 14. i HAMLET. 1. William, was from Cambridge, and received a grant of a single share in 1656. His house-lot was 56 acres, ‘‘lying at y* north- east corner of Bare hill, and on y® south of hogrooten meadow; bounded 66 HAMLET— HARTSHORNE. by Simon Crosbee on the west, forty-nine poles; by Thomas Foster on y® south, and his owne out-let, one hundred and two pole; and on y¢ north by Joseph Tomson, seventy-five pole; and by Peter Bracket, sixty-five pole and a halfe; and by y® comons, east. This place, now Crosby’s, he exchanged in 1679, with Caleb Farley, of Woburn, and removed to that town. He was one of the early Baptists, and letters from him are quoted by Backus He was b. about 1614; m. widow Sarah Hubbard, (Paige) who d. 1688, Jan. 18, aged 90. His ch. bap. in Cambridge, wereJacob, 2, and Rebecca m. James Frost, 2. : 2. Jacob, son of William, m. 1668, July 22, Hannah Parker. She d. 1669, April 26; he m. Dec. 21, Mary Dutton, dau. of ‘Thomas, 1, who d. of small-pox, 1678, July 9. He removed to Woburn, and m. Mary Jaquith, widow of Abraham. Ch. Mary, b. 1670. Nov. 31. Sarah, b. 1671-2, March 18. Hannah, b. 1673, Dec. 14. Rebecca, b. 1676, ‘°01.” William, b. 1677, Dec. 16; d. Dec. 23; also in. Woburn: [Savage,] Jacob, b. 1680, Aug. 1; d. Joseph, b. 1681, Aug. 31. William, b. 1683, Sept. 8. Jacob, b. 1685-6, Jan. 4. Henry, b. 1687-8, Feb. 6; d. Abigail. b. 1689, March 25. HANAFORD. 1. William, prob. son of John, who d. 1843, July 4, aged 79; m. Mehittable. ‘The first three ch. were b. in Newbury, Vt. He d. 1836, Dec. 22, aged 37. Ch. fra K., 2, b. 1820, Sept. 23. John N. b. 1822, Jan.1. William F., b. 1823, Oct. 21. Charles M., b. 1825, July 25. Frederic P., b. 1831, Dec. 8. Elizabeth Ann, b. 1833, Nov. 5. Reuben, b. 1835, July 26. * 2. Ira K., b. 1820, Sept. 23; m. 1842, March 6, Emily Duren. Ch. William Nelson, b. 1848, March 6. Edward Warren, b. 1845, Oct. 27; d. 1847, Nov. 28. Lydia A., b. 1851, Dec. 20. HANKES, Elizabeth, dau. of Hannah, a negro, b. 1759, Jan. 14. HANS, Charles, or Hanes, m. 1761, Jan. 8, Mary Chamberlain. His. name disappears from tax-list of 1770, and the birth of Molly should prob. be 1766. Ch. Sarah, b. 1764, Feb. 23. Molly, b. 1776, July 24. HARDMAN, Judith, m. 1815, Jan., Jonathan Alexander. r oa 1. Zachariah, and wife Hephsibah. Ch. Mary, b. 1729, ept. 12. 2. Ebenezer and wife Susannah. He was among the Carlisle petitioners of 1757. Ch., perhaps Phebe, who m. Joseph Nixon. Susannah, b. 1756, June 21; m. 1778, Feb. 12, David Witherbee. Hannah, b. 1758, Oct. 29. Ebenezer, b. 1761, Oct. 17. John, b. 1764, July 1. ¥ HEEEADON: John, had ch. Jane, b. 1703, Dec. 5. William, b. 1706-7, an. 19. HARRINGTON. 1. Hiram, son of Isaac, of Lexington, b. 1802, May 23; m. Fanny Cook, widow of Sears, 4, who d. 1873, Nov. 18. He did not m. Sarah Fiske, as stated, [Lexington]. Ch. George Hiram, b. 1845, Jan. 14. Mary Alvina, b. 1846, Oct. 13. 2. Zadock, brother of Hiram, 1, b. 1804, Oct. 4; m. 1828, March 5, Almira Fiske of Lexington. She d. 1834, Jan. 22; he m. Almira Morton, and before 1843, Martha Chapman. Ch. George Frederic, d. John Fiske, d. John Morton, d. Caroline Harriet, b. 1848, March 6; m. Hiram P. Barker. Ellen Jane, b. 1845, March 7; is in Boston. Henry lives in Lowell. Emily, b. 1850, Dec. 17; m. Samuel Richardson, of Lynn. 8. Daniel, brother of Hiram, m. Mary Morse; now lives in Tewksbury. Ch. George, Benjamin Gleason, and others. 4. Abel Wyman, brother of Hiram, m. Eunice Flagg. Ch. George, and others. HARROD, Noah, m. 1818, Dec. 3, Zoa Shed, dau. of Zaccheus, 22. Ch. Nancy Shed, b. 1820, Nov. 2. Ellen Maria, b. 1823, April 1. HARTFORD, Daniel, from Dover, N. H., m. 1837, March, Harriet Brown, dau. of Jonas, 16; d. 1870, Aug. 17, aged 59. Ch. Charlotte, b. 1837, May 7. Daniel, b. 1838, Oct. 22. — Dudley b. 1840, May 18. Olive Sarah, b. 1842. Jan. 12. Harriet, b. 1844, Sept. 24. HARTSHORNE, Thomas, was a miller, in town, 1694. (Records, 2:55). HASKELL— HAZEN. 67 . HASKELL, John, Rev., son of Caleb, was b. in New Gloucester, Me., 1818, Feb. 11. Grad. B. C., 1846, and Bangor Theo. Sem., 1849. Ordained, Dover, Mass., 1850, Dec. 25; dis. 1858. Installed, Raynham, 1859, Jan. 5; dis. 1864, April 12. Acting pastor, Revere, Mass., Jewett City Conn., and Newcastle, Me. In 1876, he pong the place on Andover street, at the fork of the Long pond road. Since 1879, May, he has supplied the Congregational church. He m. Lucy J. Dickey, of Bangor, Me., and 1873, Nov. 18, Annie Parsons Chase, dau. of Capt. Moses Chase, of Newcastle, who d. 1879, March 20. Ch: John, b. 1876, Feb. 13. HASSELL, Richard, of Cambridge, freeman, 1647; b. 1622; came to Billerica in 1676, and made proposals to the town, Nov. 20, to take up the 300 acres of land granted to John Stedman by Cambridge. The town offered him £15 or 200 acres of land next to Andover line and Mrs. Winthrop’s farm for his claim, but it does not appear which he accepted. In 1678, April 12, he was ‘appointed to inspect the young lads on y® Sabbath days, those of them that sit below in ye meeting house.” This was, perhaps, about the definition, as then understood, of the tithingman, and in 1677. he was one of the five tithingmen, having the families in the center, under his charge, but in 1679 his name disappears, as he had removed to the new town of Dunstable, where he was a leading citizen. His son Joseph m. Anna Perry, and his dau. Esther m. Obadiah Perry, son of William, of Watertown, and in 1691, Joseph and his wife, their son Benjamin and her brother Obadiah all perished at the hands of the Indians. AYNES. 1.. Lyman, from Sudbury, purchased the hotel at the corner of Andover street, in 1830. Not long after, he exchanged this place with T. W. Carter, for a hotel at the ‘‘corner,” where he remained until 1845, when he went to North Wola 2. Tilly, son of Lyman, 1, b. 1828, Feb. 13; m. 1852, July 16, Martha C. Eaton. Has been in business in Lawrence, Boston and Springfield; and in 1879, became proprietor of the United Stotes Hotel in Boston. He was a member of the House of Representatives, 1868-70; of the Senate, 1876-7; and of the Executive Council, 1878-9. HAZELTINE, Samuel, was the son of Samuel, and b. 1680, May 15, in Bradford, where his 9 ch. were b. He removed to B. about 1723, iving in the Tewksbury part of the town. Among his ch. were Stephen, on tax-list, 1733. Samuel. Judith m. Edward Pollard, 2. Sarah, m. Thomas Man, and Amy m. 1732-3, Feb. 20, Henry Richardson, of Chelmsford, and prob. Mary who m. Samuel Trull, 5. HAZEN, Henry Allen, Rev., son of Allen, and b. in Hartford, Vt., 1832, Dec. a? (For line of descent. from Edward Hazen, of Rowley, 1648, see N. E. Hist. Gen. Reg., 1879, April]. Grad. D. C., 1854; Andover Theo. Sem., 1857. Ordained at St. Johnsbury, Vt., 1858, Feb. 17, and preached in Bridgewater; Barnard; Hardwick, 1859; Barton, 1860; West Randolph, 1861. Installed, Plymouth, N. H., 1863, Jan. 21; dis. 1868, July 15. Installed, Lyme. 1868, Sept. 2; dis. 1870, Sept. 30. Installed, Pittsfield, 1870, Dec. 22; dis. 1872, Nov. 30. Installed, Billerica, 1874, May 21; dis. 1879, May 4. Trustee of Kimball Union Academy since 1869, and of the Howe school since 1875; of the N. H. Missionary society, 1872-4. Statistical Secretary of the N. H. General Association, 1872-4. Member of the New Hampshire and of the Vermont Historical Societies and of the New England Historic Genealogical Society. Associate Editor Congrega- tional Quarterly, 1876-8. He has published (1) Manual of the Congrega- tional Church, Plymouth, N.H. (2) Historical Discourse, Commemorative of the Centennial Anniversary of the same church, 1875. (3) Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire, a re-print from the Cong. Quarterly, 1876. (4) Pastors of New Hampshire, 1878., Married, 1863, July 9, Charlotte Eloisa Green, dau. of Dr. George B. Green, of Windsor, Vt. Ch. Mary, b. 1864, Nov. 23; d. 1864, Sept. 30. Emily, b. 1866, Aug. 5. Charlotte, b. 1868, Nov. 6. 68 HEALD— HILL. HEALD, Benjamin H., from Carlisle; m. 1842, Aug. 4, Frances Ann Bowers, dau. of Jonathan, 8. They live on Woburn street. in the south part of the village. HENCHMAN, Nathaniel. Ch. Anne, bap. 1783, Nov. 30. HENNESE, John, m. Sarah Proctor, 1784, April 2. HENRY, John, is first on the tax-list, 1749. Perhaps descended from John, of Topsfield, 1690. He was among the Carlisle petitioners of 1757, and with his son, was set off to that town in 1779. Ch. John, bap. 1755, Sept., who m. ae Monroe, 1775, Nov. 30. Sarah, bap. 1757, Nov. 6. Bani, bap. 1765, July 7. HEYWOOD. 1. ‘‘The widow huaywood desired to have her children recorded.” Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1706, Oct. Ebenezer, b. 1707-8, Feb. 5. 2. Benjamin was one of the town officers, 1711-18. 8. Samuel Smith. [Name spelled also Haywood and Hayward]. m. 1758, May 17, Sarah Johnson, dau. of Josiah. Ch. Samuel, b. 1758, Sept. 19. Sarah, b. 1760, Oct. 28. Josiah, b. 1765, April 16. Waldo, b. 1767, Oct. 6. Ezra, bap. 1771, Oct. 27. HICKEL, William, m. 1788, Feb. 4, Mary Bonner. Name on tax-list, 1785-95. No ch. recorded. HIDE, Jonathan, son of Jonathan, of Cambridge, and b. there, 1655, April 1; m. 1673, May 6, Dorothy Kidder, dau. of James, 1. He left town in 1675. Ch. Jonathan, b. 1673-4, Jan. 24. Dorothy, b. 1675. May 26.- HILDRETH, Richard, m. 1699-1700, Feb. 6, Dorcas Wilson. HILL. 1. Ralph, was early at Plymouth. The tradition, in his family, that he came from Billericay is prob. and strengthened by the fact that there was a clergyman bearing the same name in Essex, 1645-69, (See David’s Annals of Nonconformity in Essex, p. 440), whose wife was Persis , and who had dau. Sarah bap. at Shalford, 1645, Aug. 10. In 1650. he was at Ridgwell, ‘a godly preaching minister;” afterwards, at Pattiswick, where he was ‘ejected,’ and in 1669, he is reported at Sheldon, ‘having a conventicle there.” Our Ralph Hill ‘‘of Wellingsly,” prob. a locality in Plymouth, sold 1643, Sept. 16, for £12, to Stephen Wood, house and garden, ‘‘upland at Wobery,” 12 acres or thereabout; and we soon after find him in Woburn, where he was freeman,*1647; Selectman in 1649. He joined in the settlement of Shawshin as early as any; and lived on ‘ the farm,’ a mile south-west of the village, his house standing a little west of the place where Mrs. Judkins, his descendant. now lives. In April, 1663, he gave the town one-half acre of land for a ‘‘ buring place,” and on the 29th, he died.—his own body. doubtless, the first to be laid in the old ‘south’ burying ground. His wife d. and he m. 1638, (Savage.) Margaret Toothaker, mother of Roger, 1, who d. 1683, Nov. 22, aged 76. Ch. Jane, b. in England. In the will of Ralph Hill, a gr.-dau., Mary Littlefield, is mentioned. Francis Littlefield, of Woburn, and his wife Jane had a dau. Mary b. 1646, Dec. 14, the mother dying Dec. 20; and Mary Littlefield m. John Kittredge, 1, 1664, Nov. That Mi. Hill had this dau. Jane is quite certain. Ralph, 2. Martha. Nathaniel, 8. Jonathan, 4, b. 1646, April 20. Rebecca m. Caleb Farley, 2. 2. Ralph, son of Ralph, 1, b. in England or at Plymouth. Hehada lot on the township, on the Andover road, where I. G. Kimball lived, which he sold to John Poulter, and bought, 1656, May 16, of William Baker, the ‘‘farme” lot south of his father’s. His house stood just north of Mrs. Boyden’s place and was one of the ‘garrisons’ of 1675. It stood with its ancient windows, until after 1850. He m. 1660, Nov. 15, Martha Toothaker, the dau. of his step-mother, and d. 1695. April 9; his widow d. 1703-4, Jan. 4, aged about 69. Ch. Elizabeth b. 1661, July 28; m. 1687, June 2, Timothy Baldwin, of Charlestown. She d. 17034, Jan. 26. Deborah, b. 1663, Dec. 14; m. John Sheldon, 2. Rebecea, b. 1666, Aug. 14. Samuel, 6, b, 1671-2, Feb. 18. Daniel, b. 1674-5, Feb. 22. Hannah, b. 1681, Dec. 18; d. 1689, Sept. 20. By Zs va ZZ EID gagemeaeey Ze LAE Lees ALTA EEL wy Cp LLL d, Zp E i Var. Slydk & Co-Boston. OLZZZZEL AAALa 1676. IN A GARRISON HULL. JR. RALPH OF HOUSE HILL. : 69 8. Nathaniel, son of Ralph, 1,b. prob. at Plymouth; m. 1667, June 21, Elizabeth Homes, prob. dau. of Robert, of Cambridge, who d. 1685, Oct. 9. He d. in Chelmsford, 1706, May 14. Ch. Nuthaniel, 7, b. 1668, March 31. Ralph, b. 1669, Oct. 14; d. 1742, April 23. His will provides for ‘* 30 gallons of sweet wine at my funeral, if occasion requires.” Juhn, b. 1671, May 27; prob. m. 1711, June 22, Elizabeth Blodgett, of Chelmsford; d. 1742, April 15. Joseph, 8, b. 1672-3, March 18. Jonathan, b. 1674, June 27; d. in Chelmsford, 1711, March 24. James, b. 1675, Dec. 10; d. Dec. 21. Elizabeth, b. 1676-7, March 13. Robert, b. 1678-9, Jan. 23. Jane, b. 1680, Dec. 15; d. 1711, Nov. 15. Anna, b. 1682, June 9; d. June 10. Abigail, b. 1683. Dec. 26. 4. Jonathan, son of Ralph, 1, b. 1646, April 20; m. 1666, Dec. 11, Mary Hartwell, dau. of William, of Concord, who d. 1694-5, Feb. 13. Ch. Mary, b. 1667, Sept. 9; m. John Fasset, 2. Jonathan, 9, b. 1669, Aug. 21. Samuel, 10, b. 1671-2, Feb. 22. Sarah, b. 1674, Oct. 10. Joseph, b. 1683, May 29. 5. Abraham, son of Abraham, of Charlestown; m. 1666, Oct., Hannah Stowers, and the birth of his first child is recorded in Billerica. He lived, after, in Malden and Cambridge. [See other children and descendants in ‘‘ Paige’s Cambridge””]. Ch. Hannah, b. 1667, Dec. 12, who m. Henry Jefts, 3. ; 6. Samuel, son of Ralph, 2, b. 1671-2, Feb. 18; m. Deborah ——. He was deacon, of the church and Captain of the militia, though often designated corporal. His wife d. 1748, June 27. He d. 1755, Aug. 4. Ch. Deborah. b. 1705, Nov. 4; m. Samuel Whiting, 6. Ralph, 11, b. 1707, Sept.16. Martha, b. 1709, Sept. 15; d.1747, April 8. Rebecca, b. 1711 Oct. 12; m. Isaac Marshall, 6. Sarah, b. 1718, Dec. 11; m. David Baldwin, 10. Samuel, b. 1715-6, Feb. 20, perhaps the Samuel who was in the military service at Fort Dummer, and vicinity, 1748. -Hannah, b. 1717-8, Feb.; d. 1736, May 15. Ursle, b. 1721, April 23. Elizabeth, b. 1723, Sept. 16; m. Abraham Jaquith, 2. “9, Nathaniel, son of Nathaniel, 3, b. 1668, March 31; m. 1706, Nov. 26, Hannah Walker, dau. of Joseph, 1. He d. 1713, Aug. 30, and she m. Samuel Dutton, 7. Ch. Nathaniel, 12, b. 1707, Oct. 3. Hannah, b. 1709. Oct. 8; m. Oliver Pollard, (see 1). Abigail, b. 1714, April 9; m. Joseph Pollard, (see 1). 8. Joseph, son of Nathaniel. 3, b. 1672-3, March 18; m. Susanna Baldwin, dau. of John, 1. Lieut. Hill d. 1752, April 19; his widow, 1758, Jan. 15. Ch. Susanna, b. 1704-5, Feb. 18; m. Daniel Proctor. Elizabeth, b. 1706, Dec. 10; m. Benjamin Shed, 8. Joseph. 18, b. 1708-9, March 13. Mary, b. 1710, Dec. 6. Jane, b. 1712, Nov. 7. Ebenezer, b. 1714, July 11. John, 14, b. 1716, April 18. Jonathan, 15, b. 1718, April 28. Esther, b. 1720-1, Feb. 21; d. 1736, April 27. 9. Jonathan, son of Jonathan, 4, b. 1669, Aug. 21; m. 1704, May 16, Mary Bracket, dau. of Peter, 2. He d. 1743, Dec. 15, and she m. 1744, Dec. 3, John Hartwell, of Bedford. Ch. Mary, b. 1705-6, Jan. 15; m. Daniel Stickney. 8. Jonathan, 16, b. 1708, July 23. Peter, 17, b. 1709, Oct. 10. Elizabeth, b. 1711, May. 14; m, Francis Kidder, (see 4). Esther, b. 1712-3, March 6. Joseph, b. 1717, May 6. Bethyah, b. 1718, July 16; m. Braviter Gray, 1. 10. Samuel, son of Jonathan, 4, b. 1671-2, Feb. 22; m. 1698-9, Jan. 7, Sarah Page, dau. of Nathaniel, 1. She d. 1758, April 30; he d. 1762, Feb. 17. Ch. Samuel, 18, b. 1698-9, March 1. Sarah, b. 1702-3, March 28; m. John Baldwin, 9. Joanna, b. 1707, April 6; m. William French, 13. Elizabeth, b. 1710, Aug. 7; m. Ebenezer French, 14. Susanna, b. 1715, May 26. Mary, b. 1717, Dec. 10; m. prob. Thomas Dutton, 9. 11. Ralph, son of Samuel, 6, b. 1707, Sept. 16; m. 1732-3, Feb. 1, Mehittable Patten, dau. of William, 5. She d. 1780, Feb. 24, and he m. 1784, Nov. 11, Abigail Sanders, widow of David, 5. Dea. Hill d. 1789, Feb. 13. Ch. Ralph, b. 1733-4, Feb. $2; d. 1758, Sept. 17. Mehittabel. 70 HILL. b. 1735-6, Jan. 17; d. 1753, Jan. 19. Hannah, b. 1737, Sept. 2; m. John Miller, 1. Patte, b. 1740, Sept. 1; m. 1763, Nov. 8, William Page, of Bedford. Bathsheba, b. 1742, Aug. 19; m. 1766, Nov, 6, Benjamin French, of Dracut. Naomi, b. 1744, May 23. Timothy, b. 1746, June 9. William, 19, b. 1748, July 13. Sarah, b. 1752, Nov. 4. Solomon, 20, b. 1755, April 8. 12. Nathaniel, son of Nathaniel, 7, b. 1707, Oct. 3; m. 1735, June 18, Abigail Shed, dau. of Nathan, 6. He d. 1737, Nov. 1, and she m. John Hill, 14. N.B. Abigail Hill m. 1748-4, Feb. 22, Joseph Hildreth, of Westford. ‘ Her identity is not clear, and she may be this Abigail. Ch. Abigail, b. 1735-6, March 18. Nathaniel, b. 1737, May 15. 18. Joseph, son of Joseph, 8, b. 1708-9, March 13; m. Elizabeth —. He d. 1781, March 2, and she d. 1805, Nov. 18, aged 80. Ch. Joseph, 21, pb. 1749, Aug. 28. 14. John, son of Joseph, 8, b. 1716, April 18; m. Abigail, the widow of his cousin Nathaniel, 12. He d. 1762, Dec. 28; she d. 1782, Dec. 29. Ch. John, b. 1738-9, Jan. 6; d. 1740, July 11. John, b. 1740, Oct. 23; m. 1765, Jan. 25, Abigail Fessenden, dau. of Samuel, of Lexington. Paul, 22, b. 1742, July 9. Esther, b. 1748, Dec. 1; m. 1770, Nov. 15, John Nickles, 5. Nathaniel, b. 1745-6, Jan. 14. Abigail, b. 1750, Nov. 19. Sarah, b. 1754, March 21. Alpheus, 28, b. 1756, Oct. 14. 15. Jonathan, son of Joseph, 8, b. 1718, April 28; m. 1746, Jan. 13, Mary Lane, of Bedford. She d. 1772, Oct. 24, aged 47; he m. 1774, May 24, Sarah Whiting, widow of Samuel, 10. She d. 1778, Aug. 16, aged 42. He d. 1796, April 7. Ch. Ralph. b. 1747, Sept. 20; m. 1777, April 9. Mary Jones, of Concord. He lived in Ashby; d. 1831. April 10. He had ch. (a) Job, b. 1780, July 7; lived in Peterboro. (b) Polly b. 1782, Sept. 5; m. Fiske; lived in Montpelier, Vt.; now living in Barton, Vt. (c) Brewer, 38, b. 1784, Sept. 16. (d) Elijah, b. 1787, July 15; m. Cynthia Lake, Rindge; d. in Ohio. (e) Betsey, b. 1790, Jan. 12; d. 1800. () Phebe, b. 1792, Aug. 13; m. Stephen Wright, of Hanover, N. H.; lived in Berlin, Vt. (g) Nancy, b. 1795, May 18; m. Peter Sloan, Townsend. (hk) Emma, pb. 1798, April 24; m. Stephen Taylor, of Montpelier; now lives in Barton, Vt. (2) Abigail, b. 1800, Feb. 14; m. David Poor. Montpelier. Mary, b. 1748, Oct. 21; m. 1777, June 19, Oliver Pollard, of Bedford. Martha, b. 1749, March 4; d. 1750, April 13. Susanna, b. 1750-1, Jan. 22; d. 1817, Nov. 18. Benjamin, b. 1752, June 30; d. 1796, April10. Job, 24, b. 1754, May 29. Lucy, b. 1756, Jan. 14; m. 1814, Oct., Isaac Taylor, of Dunstable. Josiah, $2, b. 1757, Dec. 10. Elizabeth, b. 1759, Oct. 13; d. 1830, May 20. Isabel, b. 1761, Dec. 3; m. 1785, May 26, Benjamin Lane, of Ashburnham. Jonathan, 25, b. 1763, Sept. 28. Jane, b. 1764, Dec. 17; d. 1775, Sept. 14. Asubah, b. 1768, March 1; m. Josiah Snow, (see 2). Anna, b.1776, June 11; m. Abner Stearns, 14. 16. Jonathan, son of Jonathan, 9, b. 1708, July 23; m. Abigail ——, who d. 1738-9, Jan. 6; he m. 1740, Nov. 6, Lydia Osgood, of Andover. Ch. Abigail, b. 1736, Aug. 8. Jonathan, b. 1741-2, Jan. 12. 1%. Peter, son of Jonathan, 9, b. 1709, Oct. 10; m. 1735-6, Jan. 20, Rachel Crosby, dau. gf Nathan, 4. She d. 1736-7, Feb. 11, and he m. 1745-6, Jan. 30, Abigail Danforth, widow of William, 15. He d. 1774, Aug. 12. | Ch. Rachel, b. 1736-7, Feb. 4; m. Seth Crosby, 22. Peter, 26, b. 1747-8, March 9. Samuel, 27, b. 1749-50, Feb. 20. Jonathan, b. 1751, July 2; d. about 1772. Betty, bap. 1754, July 14. Jeremiah, b. 1756, April 8; soldier in Revolution, and lived in Boston. Rhoda, b. 1757, Dec. 15. , David and Mary, b. 1761, March 15. | David was in the Army, and lived, after, in Boston. Mary m. Samuel Blanchard. 6. 18. Samuel, son of Samuel, 10, b. 1698-9, March 1; m. 1727, Nov. 20, Abigail Dunton, widow of Nathaniel, of Charlestown, and dau. of Thomas Richardson, 8. He d. 1748-9, Jan. 26. She d. 1768, March 24. Ch. Abigail, b. 1727, Nov. 20; m. Samuel Kidder, 11. 19.-° William, son of Ralph, 11, b. 1748, July 13; m. 1775, May 23, Betty Abbot, of Tewksbury, and 1784, May 25, Sarah Lewis, of Concord * HILL. 71 Ch. Sally, b. "1785, March 10; m., perhaps, John Brown, 19. William, b. 1787, March 5; m. 1817, Oct. 26, Ann W. Johnson. Stephen, b. 1789, Feb. 7. Ephraim, b. 1791, June 5. Sophia, b. 1796, July 16. Nancy, bap. 1798, March 11. 20. Solomon, son of Ralph. Li, b. 1755, April 8; m. 1779, Dec. 9, Hannah Blanchard. dau. of John, 2. Ch. Solomon, b. 1780, Sept. 22. Hannah, b. 1782, June 30. William Page, b. 1784, May 24. Ralph, b. 1786, April 24. Jeremiah, b. 1788, Oct. 24. Oliver Crosby, b. 1791, July 15. Betty, b. 1794, July 15. Abigail, b. 1797, July 26. Martha Page, b. 1800, March 24. 21. Joseph, son of Joseph, 13, b. 1749, Aug. 28; m. Lucy Fitch, dau. of Zéechiarlahy, 6 He d. 1789, Aug. 6, and she m. Peter Hill, 26. Ch. Lucy b. 1783, March 2; m. 1810, Feb. 6, Dr. Joseph Foster, 19, Elizabeth, b. 1785, Feb. 9; d. 1791, June 16. Joseph, 28, b. 1787, Jan. 2. 22. Paul, son of John, 14, b. 1742. July 9; m. 1768, Dec. 15, Dorcas Wilson, dau., perhaps, of Jacob, 4. He d. 1784, Aug. 11; she m. Ephraim Kidder, 15. (Ch. Thaddeus, 29, b. 1769, July 5. Nathaniel, b. 1770, Oct. 1; m. 1809. April, Susanna Hovey, and lived in Mt. Vernon, Me., where he d. 1858, Dec. 17. He had ch. Hiram Hovey. b. 1810, April 30; grad. Bowdoin Medical College, 1836, and is a distinguished physician in Augusta, Me. ; Addison, Nancy, Louhama, Henry Baldwin, Daniel Chesman, and John Hovey. Sarah, b. 1774, June 3; m. John Brown, 19. John, 80, b. 1776, May 30. Abigail, b. 1779, Oct. 16; m. Samuel Allen; lived in Norwich, Conn. . Samuel, b. 1782, Sept. 16; d. 23. Alpheus, son of John, 14, b. 1756, Oct. 14; m. 1785, Dee. 15, Martha Manning, dau. of Jacob, 18. Ch. Abel and Asa, b. 1787, Aug. 22. Martha, b. 1790, Jan. 16; m. 1811, Nov. 21, Benjamin Blanchard, (see 10). Sarah, b. 1794, Jan. 11. Asa, 31, b. 1798, Feb. 15. 234. Samuel, birth not on record; had Samuel bap. 1762, Aug. 22. 24. Job, son of Jonathan, 15, b. 1754, May 29; m. 1790, Jan. 19, Susanna Blanchard, dau. of Simon, 4. He d. 1842, Feb. 5. Ch. Asenath, b. 1790, June 3. Job, b. 1791, Dec. 5; d. 1814, July 18. Susanna, bap. 1800, Aug. 24; d. 1801, Sept. 23. Jonathan, 34, b. 1795, Dec. 22. Daniel, b. 1797, May 17. David, bap. 1800, Aug. 24; d. Susanna Lane, b. 1803, March 7. Lucretia, b. 1807, March 3; m. Sewall Stearns, (see 12). 25. Jonathan, son of Jonathan, 15, b. 1763, Sept. 28; m. 1798, Dec. 13, Mary Proctor. He d. 1815, Jan. 29, and she d. 1848, Feb. 1. Ch. Mary, b. 1801, June 11; m. 1824, Nov. 23, Samuel Butler, of Leominster. Anna, b. 1802, Oct. 15; m. 1825, June 2, John Simonds. Jonathan, b. 1804, Nov. 24. Rufus d. 26. Peter, son of Peter, 17, b. 1747-8, March 9; m. 1793, Nov. 7, Lucy Hill, widow of Joseph, 21. She d. 1822, July 10, aged 69. He d. 1823, Feb. 21. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1795, July 15; m. Benjamin L. Judkins. 27. Samuel, son of Peter, 17, b. 1749-50, Feb. 20; m. 177-, Feb. 21, Sarah Parker, dau. of John, 14. He was killed at Bunker Hill. She m. Samuel Bowers, 6. Ch. Sarah, b. 1774, March 22; d. 1775, March 5. Abigail, b. 1775, May 30; m. 1803, aug 23, Rev, Mighill Blood. He was b. in Hollis, 1777, Dec. 13; grad. D. C., 1800; ordained, Bucksport. Me., 1803, May 12; dis. 1840, Sept. 30; but resided there, till death, 1852, April 2, a faithful and honored minister. 28. Joseph, son of Joseph, 21, b. 1787, Jan. 2; m. 1808, Feb. 18, Doreas Danforth, dau. of Joseph, 22. He d. 1810, July 5; she m. Henry Bridge, (see 3). Ch. Joseph Foster, b. 1808, Dec. 22; grad. Harvard Medical College, 1830; practised medicine in his native town; d. 1849, Nov. 10. 29. Thaddeus, son of Paul, 22, b. 1769, July 5; m. Sarah White, of Carlisle. Ch. Ives, b. 1798, Sept. 18. white oake is the N.K. corner of Mr. Dudley’s farme; bounded by the country road on the West; and by land (yet lying in comon to y? use of the Towne) reserved for the ministry on the North.” ‘his description compared with the corresponding grant to Stearns (see under Stearns, John, 1) proves that the north-east corner of the Dudley farm and the south-east corner of the township were at the same point, on the east side of Ash swamp, where Charnstaffe lane and Tufts lane extended, would meet. Mr. Whiting received twenty-three rants in all the various parts of the town, and different divisions, amount- ing to more than 200 acres. He was one of the seventeen ministers who bore testimony against the settlement of Rev. John Davenport over the First Church, in Boston; and he preached the Artillery Election sermon in 1682. But he published nothing. His descendant, Rev. Moses G. Thomas, formerly of Concord, N.H., had a volume of his MS. sermons, but it shared in the dispersion of his library, in Missouri, some years since, and no clue to its place of concealment has been found. A similar fate seems to have befallen afolio MS. mentioned by Farmer as in his posses- sion, containing notes of his sermons by Jonathan Danforth. He m. 1656, Nov. 12, Dorcas, dau. of Leonard Chester. and b. in Wethersfield, Conn., 1637, Nov. 1. Her father was a nephew of Rev. Thomas Hooker, D.p. He lived a year or two in Watertown, and assisted in exploring the Connecticut valley and selecting the locations there, when Dr. Hooker and his company removed from Newtown to Hartford. He d. 1648, Dec. 11, and his widow Mary m. Hon. Richard Russell, one of the foremost citizens of Charles- town. She d. a widow, 1688, Nov. 30, aged 80. The happy union of Mr. and Mrs. Whiting continued 56 years, and they were separated by death only 13 days. She d. 1712-13, Feb. 15. and he d. Feb. 28. Ch. Elizabeth, b. 1660, Nov. 6; m. 1702, Oct. 14, **Mr. Thomas Clerk” (Rev. Thomas Clark) pastor of the church in Chelmsford from 1678 to his death, 1704, Dec. 7. She had one dau., Abigail, b. after her hushand’s death, who m. Samuel Green. Among her descendants are President Porter of Yale College, and George B. and Charles E. Butler, eminent lawyers of New York. Samuel, 2, b. 1662-3, Jan. 19. John, b. 1664, Aug. 1; graduated H. C.. 1685; ordained pastor of the church in Lancaster, 1691, Dec. 3; and was there killed by the Indians 1697, Sept. 11, leaving two young daughters, who died the same year. Oliver, 3, b. 1665, Nov. 8. Mary, b. 1667, May 28: m. —— Burechstead, of Lynn. and d. at Lexington 1740, Nov. 13. Dorithy, b. 1668. Sept. 23, and d. 1740, Jan. 31. Joseph, b: 1669-70, Feb. 7; grad. H. C., 1690; d. 1701, Sept. 6. James, b. 1671, Aug. 20, and d. Sept. 1. Unis, b. 1672, Sept. 6, and d. Sept. 20. Benjamin, b. 1675, Sept. 26, in Charlestown, and d. Oct. 18. Benjamin, b. 1682, Nov. 5, and d. Nov. 20. 2. Samuel, son of Rev., Samuel. 1, b. 1662-3, Jan.19. John Whiting, esq., mayor of Boston, in England, and brother of Rev. Samuel Whiting, of Lynn, advanced £50 in aid of the Massachusetts colony. In return, the General Court granted him 500 acres of land, which he transferred to his American brother, who gave it to his son, the Billerica pastor. ‘The grant was located on Salmon brook. in Dunstable, and passed into the possession of Samuel Whiting, jr.. who became one of the first settlers of Dunstable, and a leading man in that town. He was taken a prisoner by the Indians, WHITING. 157 in 1704, and carried to Canada, but escaped; and in 1713 received £10 from the colony for his wounds and sufferings. His house was a garrison in 1710. He d. 1714-5, March 8, and is buried in Billerica. His wife’s name was Elizabeth. She m. 2d, William Patten, 5. Ch. Samuel, b. 1687, Oct. 22;° was in Lovewell’s fated expedition in 1725. He received his father’s farm in Dunstable; -was living there in 1747, and prob. d. there. He had a son Joseph, town clerk in Dunstable, 1774, who had 10 children ; perhaps James, of Hollis, and others. Elizabeth, born 1689; m. Rev. Samuel Ruggles, 2. Catherine, b. 1691; m. John Lane, 2. Leonard, b. 1693, Aug. 12. Joseph. b. 1695, Dec. 14. [These two sons were ‘out of the province” in 1718 when their father’s estate was settled.] Mary, b. 1702. Dorcas, b. 1703; m. Rev. Benjamin Ruggles, Y. C.. 1721, pastor of Middleboro’ and of New Marlboro’ from 1754 to his death, 1782. He was premier of Rev. Samuel Ruggles. John, b. 1706, March 11, and d. before 8. Oliver, son of Rev. Samuel, 1, b. 1665, Nov. 8; m. 1689-90, Jan. 22, Anna Danforth, dau. of Jonathan, 1. He was.a representative, town clerk, selectman, and justice of the peace: an active and useful citizen. He d. 1736, Dec. 22; his widow d. 1787, Aug. 13. Ch. Oliver, 4, b. 1691. March 29. Dorcas, b. 1692-3, March 21; m. Dea. Joshua Abbot, f. Mary, b. 1695, May 4. John, b. 1697, Nov. 11, and d. Dec. 17. John, 5, b. 1699, Oct. 14. Samuel, 6, b. 1702, Sept. 6. Anna, b. 1705, April 15; m. a Stickney, 2. Hleazer, b. 1707, July 25. Benjamin, 7, b. 1711-2, eb. 12. j 4. Oliver, son of’ Oliver, 3, b. 1691, March 29; m. 1721, March 28, Elizabeth Brown, dau. of George, 38. She d. 1732, Aug. 6, and he m. 1735, June 4, Mary ——. Ch. Sarah, b. 1721, Oct. 6. Jonathan, 8, b. 1723, Aug. 1. Elizabeth, b. 1725, May 4; m. 1760, Jan. 8, Ebenezer Jaquith, of Wilmington.. Joseph, b. 1727, June 16. William, b. 1729, July 4. Olive, b. 1732, July 28; m. Jonathan Pollard, 7. Mary, b. 1736, July 7. 56. John, son of Oliver, 3, b. 1699, Oct. 14; m. 1726-7, March 9, Sarah Hunt, dau. of Thomas, Be She d. 1745, Nov: 17, and he m. Anne ——. He lived in Tewksbury. Ch. John, 9, b. 1727-8, Jan. 7. Sarah, b. 1730, Aug. 5. and d. Aug. 6. Sarah, b. 1731, Dec. 21. Leonard. b. 1734. March 27. He was in the French and Indian war; was taken prisoner and compelled to run the gauntlet. escaping with only his life and a shirt- sleeve.. At the surrender of Quebec, in 1759, he was in command of a company. When the Revolution came, he was charged with loyalty to the crown, and became very obnoxious to the patriots of Hollis, where he then resided; but he held his ground and remained there until 1798. He m. 1761, April 23, Annie, dau. of Rev. Willard Hall, of Westford, and lived there and in Littleton, a merchant and inn-keeper, until 1772. His wife d. 1801, Sept. 15. and he m. 2d, Mrs. Lydia Parker (number 615 of the Spalding Memorial) of Cavendish, Vt., and d. in that town 1811, July 19. The History of Hollis records his ch., of whom Ann m. Dr. Oliver Prescott, H. C., 1783; Leonard lived in Hollis; Abigail m. Dr. Amos Bancroft, of Westford, H.C., 1791, whose dau. Abigail Whiting m. Rev. Ephraim Abbot, H. C., 1806, author of the Abbot Family, and his dau. Lucy M. B. m. Col. George Thacher, H. C., 1812; and Stephen Hall, who lived in Groton, in Coos county, N.H., and in Whitehall, N.Y. Oliver, b. 1736, July 11. Dorcas, b. 1739, July 14. Benjamin, b. 1741, Feb. 15; m. Grace Hall, sister of his brother’s wife, and lived in Hollis. He was a friend and partisan of Governor Wentworth of New Hampshire, and was appointed by him the first sheriff of Hillsborough county, in 1774. He had previously been active on the Connecticut river as deputy marshal, justice of the peace, and surveyor of the king’s woods. (See Hall’s astern Vermont, pp. 146-154.) His property was confiscated and he fled the country during the Revolution. His wife m. in 1782, implying that his death had taken place. (For farther notice of these loyalist brothers, see Histury of Hollis, pp. . 167-8.) Mr. Whiting’s eldest dau., Frances Wentworth, m. —— Shepard, 158 WHITING. and 2d, Asahel Stearns, H. C., 1797, and professor of law, H. C., 1817-29. His son, William G. Stearns, H.C., 1824, was for many years steward of the college. 6. Samuel, son of Oliver, 3, b. 1702, Sept. 6; m. 1729, May 8, Deborah. Hill, dau. of Samuel, 6. She d. 1745, Sept. 5, and he m. 1749, Nov. 2, Mrs. Elizabeth Winchester. Deacon Whiting d. 1772, Nov. 4. Ch. Samuel, 10, b. 1730, May 18. Timothy, 11, b. 1731-2, Feb. 13. Deborah, b. 1788, Dec. 8, and d. 1749, Sept. 15. Anna, b. 1736, March 29; m. Hezekiah Crosby, 21. Martha, b. 1738, June 14, and d. 1742, April 29. Benjamin. b. 1740, July 3, and d. July 30. Achsah, b. 1741. Aug. 4; m. John Phelps, of Lancaster. Zilpah, b: 1743, Sept. 8. David, b. 1745, Aug. 7, and d. Aug..24. : 7. Benjamin, son of Oliver, 3, b. 1711-2, Feb. 12; m. Dorothy cree dau. of Nathan, 4, and d. 1737-8, Feb. 14. Ch. Dorothy, b. 1737, ov. 17. : 8. Jonathan, son of Oliver, 4, b. 1723, Aug. 1; m. 1749, Dec. 14, Rebecca Danforth, dau. of Jacob, 7. His name disappears from tax-list in 1761. and he was in Bedford, 1768. Ch. Jonathan, b. 1750, Sept. 13. David, b. 1751, Dec. 30. William, bh. 1753, Nov. 28. Rebecca, b. 1755, Oct. 22. Oliver, bap. 1758, Sept. 17. Patte, bap. 1760. June 6. Jacob, b. 1762, Junel. Ziba, b. 1764, May 25. 9. John, son of John, 5, b. 1727-8, Jan. 7; m. 1758, July 25, Lucy Farmer, dau. of Andrew, 8, who d. 1768, Feb. 4; and his naine disappears from tax-list the same year. Ch. John, b. 1759. Jan. 25. Lucy, b. 1759, Dec. 23. Joshua, b. 1760, Dec. 29. Oliver, b. 1762, Jan. 28; m. 1798, May 2, Hannah Marshall, dau. of Isaac, 7. Sdrah. b. 1763, March 26. Isaac, 18, b. 1764, May 26. Abigail, b. 1766, Feb. 20, and d. 1768, March 4. Elizabeth, b. 1767, Aug. 5, and d. 1768, Jan. 4. 10. Samuel, son of Dea. Samuel, 6, b. 1730, May 18; m. Sarah Stevens. He died 1769, Nov. 18, and she married Jonathan Hill. 15. Ch. Samuel, 12, b. 1758, Dec. 12. Sarah, b. 1760. Aug. 20; m. Abial Foster, 12. Martha, b. 1762, July 3; m. 1782, Nov. 28, John Abbot, of Ashburnham. Caleb, b. 1765, March 9. 11. Timothy, son of Dea. Samuel, 6, b. 1731-2, Feb. 13; m. Sarah Osgood. His name is on the tax-list, 1765-75. Before and after, he lived in Lancaster; d. there 1799, July 12. He served in the French war in 1753, and with two sons was engaged at Concord and Lexington. Ch. Timothy, b. 1758, June 17; captain in the Revolution; lived in Lancaster: m. 1781. Aug. 21, Abigail Kidder, dau. of Samuel, 11; had 10 ch.; d. 1826, Jan. 13. John, b. 1760, Feb. 24. His son, Gen. Henry Whiting, published a volume, Revolutionary Orders of General Washington, consisting of selections from papers preserved by Gen. John Whiting, while acting as adjutant of the second regiment of the Massachusetts line. He had preserved most or all . of the orders which it was his duty to record, and from these the volume is made up. He belonged to the company of minute-men in Billerica, 1775, and with his father and brother shared in the running fight, as the British retreated from Concord. He joined the army at Cambridge; was under Arnold on Lake Champlain in 1776; and with Gates through 1777, receiving a commission that year. The remainder of the war he was with the main army, until Washington went to the command in Virginia. His record after is thus stated: ‘* Lieutenant-Colonel 4 Infantry, 8 July, 1808; Adju- tant and Inspector of the Army, 17 July. 1809; Colonel 5 Infantry, 31 Dec., 1809; died 3 Sept., 1810, at Washington.” Of his 8 children, Henry was a good soldier and officer, breveted Brigadier-General ‘‘for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle of Buena Vista,” and was Quartermaster- General when he d. at St. Louis, 1851, Sept. 16. Fabius was Major, U.S.A. : and Caroline Lee, b. 1800, m. Prof. N. M. Hentz, at Northampton, and Was an authoress of much note and esteem. She d. in Florida, "1856. A + 4 WHITING. 159 complete list of her works, beginning with the ‘‘ Planter’s Northern Bride,”’ and 22 in number, may be found in the Whiting Memoir. Christopher, b. 1761, Nov. 25; d. 1776, Nov. 10, ‘“‘at Ticondiroga, in the service of his ou Mary, b. 1768, Feb. 11; d. 1775, April 16. Rebecca, b. 1770, Meb. 17. 12, Samuel, son of Samuel. 10, b. 1758, Dec. 12. Of this good man we aie a portrait believed by his grandson, Dr. John $. Whiting, who has kindly furnished it, to be a very good one. Dr. Whiting also contributes this sketch, which affords so pleasant a picture of Deacon Whiting “and his times, that it must be an nearly in full. Hesays: ‘In 1840 I went to school in Billerica and lived with my grandfather. * He was then 82 years old, somewhat infirm, but able to attend to his usual round of duties. He went to church regularly twice a Sunday, locking up the house, and taking his whole family with him; he riding with one of his daughters in his ‘one-hoss shay’; the others walking after with me and the foot-stoves. 160 WHITING. It was in that winter, I think, that he aoe, his deaconship. . After communion, when this fact was announced, Mr. Preston moved that the church give him a vote of thanks for his 40 years of duty, during which time he had not been absent a single service; which motion, in a few appreciative remarks, my grandfather deprecated as unusual and improper, whereupon it was withdrawn. In 1776 he was drafted into the army and served about eight months as a private and sergeant, acting as clerk of his company. He was at the battle of Stillwater and at the taking of Burgoyne. I delight in recalling his narrative of incidents of the campaign as drawn from him by the questions of neighbors and friends, some of whom sat around his walnut fire nearly every winter evening. I well remember a boyish question of mine: ‘Grandfather, did you ever shoot a red-coat?’ and the very solemn answer, which [ did not then understand: *I hope not.’ Also, I recall how- with moistened eye.he told of taking deliberate aim and firing at that famous scout, Harvey Birch, the hero of Cooper’s ‘Spy,’ but happily without effect. How he managed to get an education, | never knew, but he was well versed in mathematical science, —I knew of hi& calculating eclipses, —and became Mr. Pemberton’s assistant at his academy as instructor in the English branches. One of his pupils, Hon. Thomas G,. Cary, spoke of him at the Bi-Centennial, in 1855, as ‘that brave old soldier of the Revolution and servant of God, Deacon Whiting, who had practised the hand-writing which he taught us, in making out rolls and returns with benumbed fingers on the drum-head.’ Like his ancestor, Jonathan Danforth, he became a surveyor, and many of his plans of Billerica farms are now preserved among the records at East Cambridge. 1 have in my possession a barometer, marked as ‘made by W. & 8. Jones, No. 35, Holbron, London,’ which hung beside the tall clock in the family room for I don’t know how many years before my time. I doubt if there are-many older in the country still in * going order.’ There was also an improvised sun-dial upon the window-sill arranged scientifically so as ‘to indicate 12 o’clock M. at any season of the year. For him I had and have the greatest veneration as a thoroughly good man, living a simple and blameless life, and doing kindness wherever it was in his power. Not less do I revere the sainted name of his eldest daughter, my aunt Harriet, then a maiden lady of fifty-one. and the good angel, it seemed to me, of the whole town. Were any seriously ill, she was always ready and first called to ‘watch’ with them and furnish those -ittle comforts and delicacies which sick people are supposed to require; and if any died, it was she who was expected to prepare tenderly the remains for the last solemn rites. The actual money paid for living by a family of such few wants and simple tastes as my grandfather’s could have been little compared with what are now considered necessary expenses. Flour, coffee, tea, taxes, church-rates, and clothing, I believe, were the chief items which were paid for in money. 1 do not recall any visits'to dress-makers or tailors, and much of the bedding was of home manufacture, made, pevhaps, in the house a half century before. ‘The table was largely supplied from the farm. A hog was killed in the fall and prepared for present and future » use; a calf in the spring, and fowl and turkeys, as occasion required, which, with milk and eggs, furnished the animal food, while the common vegetables, with Indian and rye meal, cranberries, barberries, shagbarks, apples, and a few other fruits, supplied a sutficient variety to make the changes of one’s daily food conducive to good health. In my time at Billerica there was no settled clergyman, the pulpit being’ supplied every Sunday by candidates, who always, as 1 recollect, dined at my grand- father’s, invariably on baked beans, baked potatoes, brown bread, suet pudding, and apples, which I was led to believe, by the praises put upon it by the polite clergymen, was a repast worthy of a king. But I have rambled enough. Of my grandfather’s personal appearance I cannot : WHITING — WHITMAN. 161 speak very definitly. He was of medium stature, of a venerable aspect, with white hair worn in a cue tied up in a black silk ribbon, not an eel- skin.” Deacon Whiting lived south of Charnstaffe lane, west of the brook, and opposite the place of his ancestor, the first Billerica pastor. He m. 1789, Jan. 22, Rachel Rogers, dau. of Samuel, 10. She d. 1836, June 23, and he d. 1848, Feb. 28. Ch. Harrict, b. 1789, Oct.-20. Anna and Catherine, b. 1792, Oct. 18. Anna m. Henry Baldwin, 22. Catherine d. 1846, Jan. 18. Augustus, 14, b. 1795, March 2. Mary Ann, b. 1801, May 25; m. George P. Elliott. 18. Isaac, son of John, 9, b. 1764, May 26; m. Mary, dau. of Benja- min Easte. She d. 1850, March 3, and he d. 1850, Dec. 24. No record of children. 14. Augustus, son of Dea. Samuel, 12, b. 1795, March 2; grad. H.C., 1816; took the degree of M.D., 1820, and practised his profession in Charlestown; m. 1822, May 30, Catherine Walker. She d. 1864. June 6, aged 65, and he d. 1867, May 4. Ch. George Augustus, b. 1823, March 20; m. Lucy J. Austin. James Henry, b. 1824, Nov. 25; d. 1856. April. William, 16, b. 1826, Sept. 13. John Samuel, b. 1828, Oct. 6; H.C., 1850, and is a physician in Charlestown; m. Lucy L. Barker, and has children: Eleanor Felton, b. 1865, Feb. 1. Caroline Barker, b. 1866, Oct. 15. Jasper, b. 1868, June 15. Catherine Augusta, b. 1831, June 26; m. David G. Lang, of Concord. Henry, bs 1834, Oct. 10; d. 1839. Hilen Louisa, b. 1836, Dec. 25; m. Francis B. Austin. Elizabeth Wheeler. b. 1839, Jan. 24; d. 1840. Francis Henry, b. 1842, April 2; d. 1842. s 15. Eldad, m. 1795, May 24, Abigail Jaquith, dau. of Ebenezer, 3. 16. William, son of Augustus, 14, b. 1826, Sept. 13; m. 1852, Dec. 80, Ann 8. Brown, of Bradford. His children were born in Merrimac, Mass., but he now lives on Bedford street in Billerica. Ch. Augustus H., b. 1854, March 26. Millard W., b. 1857, Jan. 28; d. 1878, May 4. Wilfred £., b. 1863, Aug. 20; d. 1865, Sept. 26. Anna L., b. 1867, Aug. 22. ~ WHITMAN. 1. Rev. Nathaniel, was one of fourteen ch. of Dea. John Whitman, of East Bridgewater, where he was b. 1785, Dec. 25. His gr.-father was also John and gr.-gr.-son of John, of Weymouth. 1638. He grad. H.C., 1809; studied theology at Cambridge; was tutor in Bowdoin College, 1811-12, from which he received the honorary degree of A.M., 1815; received a unanimous call to settle in Billerica, as the colleague of the venerable Dr. Cumings, and was ordained, 1814, Jan. 26, on the 50th anniversarv of Dr. Cumings’ ordination. He was dismissed, 1835, April 26, having been sole pastor 12 years. He published a Thanksgiving Discourse, 1829. He was installed at Wilton, N..H., 1836, Oct. 5, and after a successful pastorate, was dismissed, 1841, Oct. He was then in charge of a society in Calais, Me., until 1844, May, and 1844, July, he was installed in his native town. where he remained until 1852, Oct.1. He then removed to Deerfield, which was his home until his death, 1869, Oct. 29. Mr. Whit- man m. 1814, May 18, Sarah Holman, dau. of Gen. Silas Holman, of Bolton. She d. in Wilton, 1841, May, and he m. 1842, Abby, dau. of Dea. Amory Pollard, of Bolton. Ch..Sarah Elizabeth, b. 1815, June 6; d. 1816, Feb. 16. Henry Cumings, b. 1817, Jan. 6; a student at Philips Academy, Exeter, N.H., and entered Bowdoin College, but did not grad.; studied law in Fitchburg, and settled in Lancaster, Ohio. and in 1860 removed to Cincinnati, where he now lives; has been in the Legislature and Judge of the Supreme Court. He m. Elizabeth King, from Wilton, and had two sons, Henry Medill and Channing Wood, who both grad. H.C., 1868. Henry M. d. in 1869, and his brother is now consul at Huddersfield, Eng. Elizabeth Holman, b. 1819, Feb. 23; m. Rev. Henry Emmons, of Meadville, Penn., and Vernon, N.Y. They had 8 ch. George Nathaniel, b. 1821, June 8; m. Elenor Holbrook, and had one son. He is now a lawyer in California. Frances Louisa, b. 1823, April 18; .m. Stillman Boies, who d. in 1853. One dau. living. John, b. 1825, Feb. 11; is a clerk for Hogg, Brown & Taylor, Boston; has noch. James Thompson, b. 1830, July 24; was a seaman and 162 WHITMAN— WILLICE. . ship commander; m. Mary Greenlaw, of Maine; had 2 ch., and d. in Mobile, 1865, Nov. 24. Martha Holman, b. 1833, July 30; d. 1855. 2. George, son of Benjamin, was b. in Boston. 1808, Feb. 10. His father grad. B.U., 1788, and practised law. The son grad. H.C., 1827; studied law with his father and practised his profession in Boston until 1849, when he removed to Billerica. He m. 1839, April 27, Mrs. Hannah, widow of Dr. Walter P. B. Judson, and dau. of —— Thompson, of Wil- mington. She d. 1878, Sept. 13. Ch. Susan. HITMORE, Thomas, was appointed to ‘‘run the line” with Cam- bridge, in 1705, March 27. How long he lived in Billerica does not appear. He was son of Francis, of Cambridge, b. 1673; m. Mary Waters, of Woburn, and d. in Killingly, Conn. LKight ch. are named in the History of Lexington. WHITTAKER, John, [Whitakar,] and wife Elizabeth, came from Watertown. In Oct., 1677, 0 trial in which they were witnesses gives their ages 36 and 35; and they have ch.: Elizabeth, aged 16, and John, aged 14, ‘“a very lying boy.” Probably they had other ch., and Daniel, b. 1679, May 10. WILKINS. ‘Timothy, of Middletown, bought, in 1739, a farm of 112 acres, a part of the Blood’s farms, and bounded north by Billerica line. He was father of Timothy, who had sons William, 1, and Isaac, 2, who m. Margaret Munroe; and prob. of Anna, who m.Jonathan Durrent. 11. 1. William, M.p., son of Timothy. b. 1765, April 1; m. 1789, May 10. Frances, dau. of Rev. Henry Cumings. He removed to Marblehead in 1807, and d. 1811. May 7. Ch. Frances, b. 1790. Feb. 18, Frances, b. 1791, March 4; mm. Isaac, son of Amos Warren, of West Cambridge, and d. in St. Thomas. 1827, Jan. 28. They had ch.: JZ. Harriet Ann. m. Russell Smith and George M. Chalwell. 2. William Wilkins, b. 1814, April 11, who m. Rebecca Bennett (see Joshua, 4). 3. Frances Eliza, m. 1835, Oct. 6, William Schouler, the distinguished Adjutant-General of Massachusetts during the war. 4. Sarah J., m. 1842, Aug. 17, Oliver W. Blake, who d. 1848, Oct. 12,-and she in. Henry Hart. Henrietta, b. 1793, Feb. 18; m. 1827, Feb. 3, James Cheever, of Andover. Ann, bd. 1795, July 8; d. 1880, Oct. 17. William, b. 1797, July 4; a. in Louisville, Ky. Henry Cumings. b. 1799, Nov. 1; m., and d. in the West. Sidney Lambert. b. 1803, June 22, and d. West. Augustus Farwell, b. 1807, March 21; d. 1850, April 5. 2. Isaac, brother of William. was also a physician, in Brownsville. Me. He m. 1793. April 23, Sally Edwards. Ch. George. bap. 1796. Jan. 17. Isaac, bap. 1798, April 1. WILKINSON, Thomas, received notice, 1676, Aug. 3. that he was not accepted as inhabitant; and Savage says he was complained of for practis- ing medicine contrary to law. He was a swine-herd, and is named on the tything-men’s lists in 1679, but soon disappeared. Farmer says that Ann Wilkinson d. in Billerica, 1692. Feb. 8, aged 94. I do not find his authority for this statement. . WILLIAMS, Job, wm. 1732, Sept. 11, Dorothy Rogers, dau. of Daniel, 4. Ch. Job, b. 1733-4, Feb. 8. WILLICE. [Willows. Willis.] 1. George, of Cambridge, bought Joseph Parker’s right and lot near the Baptist Church, but soon sold again to Daniel Shed, 1. Perhaps he did not remove to Billerica; and he d. in Cambridge, 1690. Ch. Zhomas, 2, b. 1638, Dec. 28. Stephen. b. 1644, Oct. 14. Children and descendents of both may be found in Wyman. 2. Thomas, son of George, 1, b. 1638, Dec. 28. He was granted, 1661, one-quarter of a ten-acre lot. His meadow was to lie wholly west of Concord river; ‘talways declareing that his acomodations caiiot be had so nigh and convenient as some who formerly took up their lots.” He soon after received ‘lyberty to exchange a percell of land with the towne: that is to say, Thomas Willice is granted twe acres and a halfe of land, out of that land which lyeth on y¢ South side of will™ pattin’s seaven acres on the Township, (which land acordinge to y* towne order was to ly for y® use of WILLICE— WILSON. ; 163 y? ministry). Thomas Willice is to have six pole (wide out of yt land) at ye west end of it, joyning to will™ pattin’s fence; and eight pole & a halfe wide at the east erid of it, with a straight line betwene; and Thomas Willice did grant to the towne. in consideration hereof, three acres and therteen pole. to be taken out of that land which he bought of John Marshall in that place, the neerest land to Mr. Whiting's land, which joyneth to it, which is eleven pole & a halfe wide at the east end, which maketh a streight line in both parcells, or one line from the country-road (which leadeth to Shawshin) to the old 'Towne-ship line on the East.” He removed to Medford, prob. in 1672, and d. there 1725, Aug. 14. He m. 1662-3, January, Grace Tay, dau. of William. 1, who died 1716, Jan. 23. Ch. Grace, b. 1664, May 18; m. Stephen Hall. Thomas, b. 1666, Aug. 15. Steven, b. 1669, Nov. 25; d. Dec. 30. John, b. 1671, April 3; m. Esther Gardner (Wyman names 4 ch.) Elizaheth, b. 1673, Oct. 19; m. Stephen Hall (see Wyman). Jane, b. 1677, April 9; m. Percival Hall. Stephen, b. 1679, Nov. 16; m. Martha Boardman (see Wyman). Mary. b. 1682, March ale m. Thomas Gardner. William. b. 1785, July 7; d. 1754, Aug. 27. WILLOUGHBY. ([Willibie, in our Records.) Hon., Francis Wil- loughby, Deputy-Governor, had a son Nehemiah bh. 1644,-June 18, who lived in Charlestown and Salem. His youngest. son was John, b. 1688, Dec. 11; prob. the father of 1. John, b. 1707, Dec. 25, who m. 1735, March 27, Anna Chamberlain, dau. of John, 6, and lived in Billerica until 1743, southwest of Nutting’s pond. He removed to Hollis, and d. there 1793, Feb. 2. Ch. John, b. 1735, Dec. 24; was one of the pioneer company who settled Plymouth, N.H..1762. He spent a long life there; ‘‘elder” of the church and deacon for 67 years; d. 1834, June 22. At his funeral his pastor, Rev. George Punchard, said that ‘‘every remembrance of him was pleasant and honor- able.” He m. 2d, 1774, June 28, in Hollis, Elizabeth Sprake. dau. of Nicholas. 2. Jonas. b. 1737, March 31; lived in Hollis. Joseph, b. 1739-40, Feb. 17; d. 1810, July. Anna. b, 1741, May 30; m. Timothy French, of Hollis. Mary. b. 1742-3, Feb. 26; d. 1752. Susanna, b. 1744, May 26; m. Jonathan Powers, of Dunstable: d. 1828, Sept. Samuel, b. 1745, Feb. 13; lived in Hollis, and had 13 ch. ;-d. 1832, Oct, 26. Mehitable, b. 1747, Aug. 3. Rebecca, b. 1749, Feb. 18. William, b. 1751, Sept. 2; d. 1773, Nov. Eliza- beth, b. 1753, April 3; d. Josiah, b. 1755, July 30; d. 1757, Sept. WILSON. 1. John, was from Woburn, the son of John, and b. about 1650. Our record says: ‘21, 38™ 1683. At a town meeting on a training-day, the town granted to John Wilson, Jun” priviledge upon our commons for y® future. to the proportion of a five-acre lot, he paying to y® towne’s use twenty shillings in silver, within six months.” ‘Also, the: town did declare themselves willing to give one day work of each man in y® town, & of teams of those that have them. for the making a sufficient. way to John Wilson’s corne mill.”” This mill of Lieutenant Wilson was on Vine brook. In 1685 he was granted 30 acres of land on the southeast of Shawshin river, bounded 42 poles on Woburn line, 132 poles on Mrs. Mitchel’s farm, and on the west end next to Goodman Bacon’s 72 poles, and upon John Johnson 116 poles. This grant was ‘*for encouragement towards his corne mill.” He did good military service as lieutenant in Captain Converse’ company, ‘‘at the Eastward,” 1692-3, and especially distinguished himself, as Cotton Mather relates, by the relief of Dover from an Indian alarm. He m. Johanna ——, and 1698, Nov. 10, Susanna, widow of John Miles. of Concord. ‘Che first four ch. were b. in Woburn. Ch. John, 2, b. . 1672-3, Jan. 8. Hannah, b. 1674, Dec. 28; d. 1676. May 5. Hannah, b. 1677, March 11. Susanna. b. 1679, March 11; m. Stephen Richardson, Boos Elizabeth, b. 1683, April 20; m. 1704, Dec. 26, William Simonds, of Woburn. Ruth, b. 1685,.March 25. Sarah, b. 1687, June 15. Ebenezer, b. 1693, Nov. 5, and d. Dec. 8. ; 2. John, son of John, 1, b. 1672-3, Jan. 3; m. Elizabeth Foster, dau. of Dea. Joseph, 2. Ch. John. 8, b. 1695, Dec. 26. Elizabeth, b. 1697 164 WILSON. Nov. 8; m. William Frost. 10. Joseph. b. 1699, May 21; lived prob. in Groton. Joanna, b. 1701-2. Jan. 6. Allice, b. 1703, Nov. 12; m. Isaac Stearns, 7. Jacob, 4, b. 1704-5, Jan. 22. Sarah,’b. 1706, April 17; m. John Dean, 8. Afary, b. 1707-8. Jan. 21. Esther. b. 1709-10, Jan. 29; d. 1728-9, Feb. 28. Dorcas, b. 1711, Dec. 2; m. Ebenezer Wyman, 7. Seth, 5, b. 1718, Nov. 14. Benjamin, b. 1715. Sept. 18, lived also in Groton. Rebecca, b. 1717, June 19; d. 1728-9, March 11. 8. John, son of John. 2, b. 1695. Dec. 26; m. 1722, Nov. 26, Jemima Shed. dau. of John. 8. She d. 1740, Sept. 14, and he m. 1742, June, Mary, her sister. widow of Abraham Chamberlain, 7. She d. 1747, March 31, and he d. 1764, May 6. Ch. Benjamin, b. 1722-3, March 4. John, 6, b. 1724, Sept. 20. Joseph. b. 1725-6. Feb. 20; d. 1748, Aug. 26. David, b. 1726-7, March 20. Esther. b. 1728, Dec. 14. Rebecca, b. 1730, April 6. Samuel, 64, b. 1731, Aug. 18. Elizabeth, b. 1732, Oct. 10; m. 1755, March 6, John Dan- forth, of Andover. Joshua. b. 1733, Nov. 1; d. 1737, May 5. Jacob, b. 1735, May 29. Leonurd. 7, b. 1736, Oct. 24. Jemima, b. 1737, Nov. 30. Lucy. b. 1738-9, March 17. ; ~ 4, Jacob, son of John, -2, b. 1704-5, Jan. 22; m. Hannah —~. Ch. Reuben, b.*1737, Dec. 14; m. 1760. Feb. 21. Sarah Mann. Jonas, b. 1739, July 19. Elijah, b. 1740, Dec. 8. Hannah. b. 1742, Dee. 26; m. ‘Thomas Shed, 18. Prudence, b. 1744, Aug. 7. Perhaps Dorcas, who m. Paul Hill. 22. lizabeth, bap, 1749. April 2; m. 1768, Dec. 1, Caleb Stevens, of Chelmsford. Abigail, bap. 1751, Sept. 8. Susanna, b. 1752, Dec. 19; m. William Baldwin, 15. . 6 Seth, son of John, 2, b. 1713, Nov. 14; m. Mary ——. He d. 1783, Feb. 27. Ch. Mary, b. 1744, Dec. 4; m. Stephen Richardson, 13. Martha, b. 1746-7. Feb. 20; d. 1749. Sept. 2. Sarah. b. 1749, Nov. 23, and d. 1750, April. Martha, b. 1751, July 31; m. 1776, March 14, Paul Upton, of Wilmington. Benjamin, b. 1753, May 4; d.1776. June 10, in captivity at Halifax. Solomon, b. 1756, June 5; d. 1779, March 23, *‘in the Jerseys. in the war.” Joseph, b. 1759, Feb. 8; d. 1778, Oct. 21. Sarah, b. 1761, Dec. 13; m. William Frost, 15. Rhoda, b. 1764, June 20; m. Isaac Sprake, 8. Seth, 10, b. 1768, Aug. 13. . 6. John, son of John, 3, b. 1724, Sept. 20; m. 1748. Nov. 8. Alice Totman, prob. sister or dau. of John, 1. Ch. Allice, b. 1749, Oct. 17; m. Solomon Manning, 12. Rebecca, b. 1752, Feb. 6;. m. 1774, June 30, Nathaniel Cumings (see 1). Elizabeth, b. 1754, Dec. 2. John. b. 1757, March 19; d. 1778, *‘in the war, at the Jerseys.” Joseph, b. 1759, Sept. 9. Jemima, b. 1763. Jan. 17. Henry, b. 1766, Oct. 20. 64. Samuel, son of John. 3, b. 1731. Aug. 18; m. Sarah ch.: Abigail, bap. 1749, Dec. 3. Samuel, bap. 1754, Oct. 27. 7. Leonard, son of John, 3, b. 1736, Oct. 24; m. 1761, Dec. 17, Rachel Durrant. dau. of Abraham, 5. Ch. Abraham, b. 1762, April 15. Joseph, b. 1763, July 2; m. 1785, Feb. 15. Elizabeth Bonner. and 1791, May 10, Rebecca Sprake, dau. of Nicholas. 4, unless the latter m. Joseph, son of John, 6. Jsaac, 8, b. 1764, Aug. 16. Molly, b. 1766, Oct. 1; m. Joshua Kidder (see 15). Reuben, b. 1768. June 3. 8. Isaac, son of Leonard, 7, b. 1764. Aug. 16; m. 1789, Jan. 6, Sally Ditson, dau. of Thomas, 4. He removed to Westford. Ch. Isaac, b. 1789, July 23; lived in Maine. Nancy, b. 1791, June 2; m. ‘Townsend. Sophronia, b. 1793, June 25; m. 1818, March, Leander Hosmer, 1. Andrew, b. 1795, Oct. 27; lived in Canaan, N.H.; drowned in Connecticut river about 1840. And b. in Westford, George, who lived in Cavendish, Vt. 9. Daniel, was in Bow, N.H.. 1813, and Tyngsboro’, 1816. He m. Mary Aldrich. Ch. Mary Jane, b. 1813. Sept. 28; m. 1832, Nov. 29, Capt. R. Wilkins, and lives in Lawrence. Adaline Maria, b. 1816, July 20; m. Gardner Parker, 24. Hvrace Newell, b. 1820, March 12; m. Sybil Spauld- ing, dau. of Edward, 10, and lives in Carlisle. Daniel Aldrich, b. 1823, April 9, and d. in California; one son. Israel Nelson, b. 1828, July 20; m. —— Colwell, and d. 1867. George Sherwin, b. 1881. Dec. 29; d. 1842, and had . WILSON— WORK. 165 May 27. Frances Albina, b. 1834, Jan. 10; m. James Iaulkner, 4. Henry Dustin, b. 1835, Dec. 12; d. 1838, Nov. 1. Charles Henry, b. 1840, May 1; m. Jennie Colwell, from Vermont. 10. Seth, son of Seth, 5, b. 1768. Aug. 13; m. 1794, May 8, Polly Page, of Bedford. Ch. Solomon and Lucy, bap. 1797, Oct. 29. Joseph, bap. 1798, March 25. Seth, bap. 1799, Oct. 13. Mary. bap. 1801, June 14. Clarissa, bap. 1803, March 6. Nancy, bap. 1806, April 27. Almira, bap. 1807. April19. Martha Richardson, bap. 1810, July 8. . 11. Leonard, m. 1831, April 3, Sarah A. Brown. WINN, Jacob, and wife Molly. Ch. Jacob, b. 1780, June 14. Silas, b. 1782, June 10. David. b. 1786, May. : WINNING. 1. Alexander, is on tax-list 1738; admitted to the church 1748, June 17, on a certificate that he formerly belonged to a Presbyterian church in Ireland; settled near the fine pond which bears his name, and had a mill on the brook running from it. No record of birth or bap. of his ch. is found; but be in. 1748, Jan. 12, Deborah Parker, and doubtless had John, 2, whose name is on the list after 1775; prob. Alexander, who m. 1808. Nov. 20, Dorcas Danforth, widow of Joseph, 22. 2. John, m. 1780, Dec. 7, Lucy Rogers, dau. of Zebadiah, 10, who d. 1790, Jan. 1, and he m. 1792, Nov. 19, Betsy Parker, of Chelmsford. He d. 1822, Nov. 4. Ch. Elizab:th, b. 1781, July 15. William, b. 1783, Feb. 23. Elizabeth, b. 1785, March 3; m. Charles Cutler. Lucy, b. 1787, Feb. 16. Sibbel, b. 1789, April 20; d. 1790, Jan. 31. John, b, 1793, Sept. 9. Aler- ander, b. 1795, July 9; d. 1798, Aug. 18. David Parker, 3, b. 1797, April 1. Sibbel, b. 1799, Feb. 15; m. 1824, April 8, Isaac M. Hardy, of Andover. Polly, b. 1801, Dec. 10. Alexander, b. 1807, Feb. 26. Robert, b. .1810. Jan. 25. 8. David Parker, son of John, 2, b. 1797, April 1; in. Susan —_, and _ 1840, Feb. 13, Rebecca Coburn. Ch. Susan Priscilia, b. in Charlestown, 1828, July 21. Martha Frances, b. 1832, Dec. 29. David Parker, b. 1837, Feb. 18; d. 1838, April 22. Clara, b. 1841, July 18. William, b. 1844, Nov. 25. James and Julia. b. 1847, Oct. 10. WINTER. 1. Stephen, son of Samuel, was b. in Boston. 1798, Oct. 18; m. Hannah Humphrey, dau. of Dea. Moses. of Gray, Me.; lived there and at Charlestown before coming to Billerica in 1839. His wife d. 1870, Sept. 22, aged 72; he d. 1876, Sept. 2. Ch. Elizabeth Adams, b. 1820, Nov. 4; m. Robert Dodge; d. 1845, Nov. 25. Mary Nash, b. 1822, Nov. 1s m. John 'T. Goodwin, 5. Martha Ann, b. 1825, Aug. 13; m. 1846. Feb . Lewis J. Lyman, of Woburn; d. 1876, May 18. Samuel Earl, 2, b. 1827, June 26. Sarah French, b. 1836, Dec. 45 d. 1845. June 8. 2. Samuel Earl, son of Stephen. 1, m. 1854, July 16, Catherine E. Cobb, dau. of Nathaniel. Ch. Edith, b. 1855, March 22; m. S. F. French, 34, Lilian, b. 1857, May 25. George Earl, b. 1864, Oct. 7. WOOD. 1. Benjamin, of Dracut. m. Mary Patten, dau. of William, 5, 2. Joseph, of Dracut, m. 1735-6, Jan. 19, Tabatha Haseltine. prob. dau. of Samuel. 8. Abijah, m. Esther Lewes, dau. of Benjamin, 2. 4. Daniel, m. 1804, Nov. 29, Anna Mears, dau. of Thomas, 2, “A jury of inquest was held upon the body of Daniel Wood, June 22, 1823, and he must have been dead some days previous to this time.” Ch. Nancy, b. and d. 1805, June 27. Anna Chase, b. 1806, May 9; m. 1830. April 26, Isaiah Bussey. Eliza Farmer, b. 1808, Feb. 26; m. 1827, March 25, Henry Kingsbury. Daniel, b. 1810, March 22. ‘WOODARD, Thomas D., and wife Susan. Ch. Caroline Clark, b. 1841, Dec. 10. Thomas Henry, b. 1844, Jan. 10. WOOLFENDEN, Joseph, and wife Betsey. Ch. James Robert, b. 1838, May 11. Sarah Dana. b. 1840, March 25. Alice Ann, b. 1842. Nov. 28. WORCESTER, Eldad, and Esther Brown, of ‘Tewksbury; m. 1793, N ov. ll. WORK, Ariel. [See PARKER, 19.] 166 WRIGHT— WYMAN. WRIGHT. 1. John, m. 1775, Sept. 4, Hannah Walker, dau. of Joseph, 8, or Benjamin, 7.. Hannah, the dau. of Joseph Walker, may have been the wife of Silas Early. Ch. Sarah, b. 1775, Nov. 21; m. 1800, Feb. 27, Phineas Colburn. John, b. 1777, Dec. 12. Hannah, b. 1780, April ll. Lucy, b. 1782, April 12. Josiah. b. 1784, May 20. Rebecca, b. 1786. Oct. 23; m. 1809, March 2, Stephen Greenland, of Boston. Jsaac, b. 1789. Feb. 9. Elizabeth, b. 1791. May 1. Jonathan, 3, b. 1793, Aug. 18. Lydia, b. 1796, Jan. 16. ; 2. Asa, m. 1802. Sept. 28. Abigail Sanders, dau. of John, 9, and 2d, Mary ——. Ch. Abigail, who had 1821. Dec. 14, dau. Elmira Page. Rhoda, b. 1805, Jan. 29. Mary. b. 1807, April 30. Joseph, b. 1810, March 26. 8. Jonathan, son of John, 1, b. 1793, Aug. 18; ,m. 1825, May 8, Hannah P. Allen, dau: of Zadock, 5. Ch. Rebecca, b. 1826, Oct. 13; m. William Campbell. of Boston. Alvin, b. 1828, April 10; d. in California. Serena, b. 1830. March 26; d. 1852, March 8. Jackson. 5. b. 1831, Sept. 20. Juliette, b. 1833, May 28; d. 1841, Nov. 19. Hillen, b. 1835, Nov. 20; d. 1841, Nov. Catherine, b. 1837, Aug. 15; d. 1841, Nev. John, b. 1838, Sept. 19; went to California. Isaac, b. 1841, Feb.10; d. Nov. 15. Josiah. 6, b. 1842, Oct. 12. Eidora! b. 1844, Aug. 2; m. Edward G. Tutein, of Chelsea. 4. Edward, was from South Hadley. He m. 1836. June 2, Mary Elizabeth Wilson. of Boston, where he was an engraver; d. 1863. Sept. 11. Ch. Edward Irving, b. 1837, June 23; m. 1863, Oct. 7, Esther U. Burnap, and lives in Newton. Emily Eliza and Ellen Mary, b. 1839, June 30; d. 1841, Dec. 31 and 25. Alfred Ela, b. 1841, July 27; d. 1842. Jan. 22. Clara June, b. 1845, May 1; d. 1867, March 8. Hila Frances, b. 1849, Jan. 93 m. 1873, Sept. 9. George E. Searl Kinney. of Boston. ‘They have ch.: Mary Ella, b. 1874. Oct. 27; Grace Nason, b. 1876, Nov. 28; George Searl, b. 1878, Oct. 380. Anna #lvira, b. 1851, April 25; m. 1870, April 25, Rev. Samuel Sherberne Mathews. He was son of Rev. S. 8. Mathews. of Salisbury; b. 1847, June 3; grad. Andover Theo. Sem., 1874; ordained pastor in Wilmington, 1874, Oct. 23; dismissed, 1875. Oct. 29; acting pastor, Maynard. 1876-7; installed. 1879. Feb. 4, Boylston church, Boston. which was organized in connection with his labors in 1878. ‘They have ch.: Anna Elizabeth Doten. b. 1872. June 30; Edith Lathrop, b. 1875. March 13 Mabel Babcock, b. 1877. Jan. 31. 5. Jackson, son of Jonathan. 8, b. 1831. Sept. 20; 1n. 1860, Sept. 30, Georgiana Bb. Page. dau. of Arza. 7. Ch. Mahel Frances, b. 1861, March 15; da. 1868, April 4. Allen, b. 1865. Aug. 23; d. 1877, Feb. 9. Jennie Gertruds, b. 1869, Oct. 20. 6. Josiah, son of Jonathan. 3, b. 1842, Oct. 12; m. Emma L. Johnson, of Stonehain. Ch. Charles Alvin, b. 1872, June 20. Annie May. b. 1876, Dec. 24. Harry Allen, b. 1879. Feb. 1. WYMAN. This important Woburn family. living uear the Billerica line, often appears incidentally in our records. but has rarely furnished inhabitants. ‘The brothers John and Francis were among the first settlers’ of Woburn. ‘They purchased of President Dunster, of Harvard College, his Shawshin grant of 500 acres. ‘The deed bears date, 1655, May 10, or a few days before Shawshin became Billerica. and describes the land: +*500 acres, lying scituate at Shawshinn, betwixt the lands of Capt. Gookin up the streame and the lands lately given to Edward Collins down the streame of Shawshinn river, bounded with Woburne line on that end which towards Woburne is sided. and reaching onwards towards the township so far as to make up due measure.” ‘The price paid was £100. Collins’ grant. below, extended to the Woburn road, and was sold to Champney; and Gookin’s farm, above, was about Vine brook and mostly in Bedford. Stephen Richardson, 2, who first appears as occupant of these lands, was a gr.-son of Francis Wyman, and probably inherited a part or all of it. Questions about the taxation of the Wymans arose between Woburn and Billerica, and in October, 1669, the matter came before the General Court. and a WYMAN — YOUNG. 167 committee advised: ‘Whereas, Frances & John Weymans, Sen™, have _ their present habitacions neere the Lyne * and enioying much of y™ lively hood and benefit at both owns, and may partake of the publick ordinances in both places, they, the said Weymans, shall contribute equally to both Towns, in all public charges, both civell and eclisiasticall.’” This report was accepted and confirmed by the Court, but did not terminate the difficulty. In 1672, the Wymans petition for release from Billerica, and Billerica instructs the selectinen to prosecute them for not paying their dues; but the result was against the claims of this town. ‘wo daughters of John Wyman m. Joseph Walker, 1, and Nathaniel Tay, 2; and a dau. of Francis m. Nathaniel Bacon. 3. Seth Wyman, a son of John, was the father of Seth, famous for the honorable part he bore in the Lovewell expedition. (See Ross, Thomas, 3.) 1. Joseph, son of Timothy. son of Francis, b. 1695, Nov. 1; m. Ruth ——, and removed to Pelham. N.H. Ch. Ruth, b. 1723, Sept. 15. Joseph, b. 1725, Sept. 10. 2. Thomas, son of William, son of Francis, b. 1685, Jan. 15; m. Rachel Stearns, widow of Samuel, 6. [Bond, p. 453, gives this Thomas a less probable record.] He disappears from tax-list in 1739, and is said to have lived in Pelham. Ch. Yhomas, b. 1730-1. March 4. Lucy, b. 1733, Aug. 23; m. Edward Stearns, 9. Sibel, b. 1735, Aug. 29. Simon, b. 1739. 3. Inerease, son of Increase*®, of Nathaniel’, of Francis', born in Woburn, 1732, June 4; disappears from tax-list in 1773, and was in Charlestown after 1784. His wife was Catharine —-. Ch. Kathrine, b. 1755, Nov. 14; m. Simon Blanchard, 8. Jemimah, b. 1757, Feb. 10. Ammaziah, b. 1758, March 23. Mary, b. 1760, June 11. Hezekiah. Elisha, b. 1762, Jan. 28. Abigail, b. 1763, Oct. 17. Simeon. Increase. Elizabeth, b. 1770, May 28. ‘These seven younger ch. were all bap. together, 1773. Dee. 5. 4. Amos, son of Timothy*, of Timothy’, of Francis!. His mother was Hannah Wyman, cousin of his father. He was b. in Woburn, 1723, June 20, and d. in Billerica, 1797, Sept. 19. having been on the tax-list from 1760. No family appears on the records, but his name has become notable in our history, because his house, in the southeasterly corner of the town, became the refuge of Adams and Hancock, on the memorable day of Lexington and Concord, 1775, April 19. His wife was Kezia Kendall, and she m. 1799, Oct. 22, Ebenezer Richardson. 11. _ . ; 5. Jesse, is on tax-list, 1759-67, and m. 1764, Sept. 18, Catherine Johnson, of Woburn. 6. John, on tax-list, 1754, and Timothy, 1759-65. 2 ; 7. Ebenezer, of ‘Townsend, m. 1745, April 2, Dorcas Wilson, dau. of John, 2, 8. Eliphaz, of Woburn, m. Mary Pollard, dau. of John, 3. ‘YORK, Pompey, and wife Ditto. Ch. Lydia, b. 1730, Aug. 6. Samson, b. 1782, Aug. 10. unice, b. 1734-5, Jan. 3. jon YOUNG, Artemas, and wife Adeline W. Ch. Frank William, b. 1832, Nov. 27. Horaee William, b. 1833, Nov. 16; d. in Lowell, 1836, Sept. 17. 168 FAMILY NAMES. FAMILY NAMES OCCURRING IN BILLERICA BEFORE 1700. The following list gives the name of the first settler, bearing the name, and the date of his first known residence in town. In a few cases, notably those of Brown, Foster, and Parker, the line has not been continuous. Of the eighty-three families of the 17th century, the following are now repre- sented in town by descendants who bear the name; Baldwin, Crosby, Farmer. Frost, Hill, Kittredge, Manning, Patten, Richardson, Rogers, Shed, Stearns. and Whiting. ‘he families of Danforth and Pollard have also female representatives. And if the inquity be extended, as is proper, to the bounds of ancient Billerica, we may add the names of Bacon, Brown, Fitch, French, Kidder, Lane, Levistone, Marshall, Page. and Trull. With these additions, it appears that twenty-five families, or almost one in three remain, after two hundred years, in the ancient bounds of the town. Bacon, Michael. 1672 Kemp, Samuel. 1658 Baldwin, John. , 1657 Kidder, James. 1656 Bird, Simon. 1659 Kinsley, Samuel. 1658 Blood. John. Kittredge, John. 1660 Bly, Daniel. 1676 Lane. Job. 1664 Bracket, John. 1660 Levistone, John. 1677 Brooks, ‘Timothy. 1670 Lewis, Samuel. 1683 Brown, Jacob. 1658 Mackginnis, Daniel. 1678 Butler, James. 1679 Manning, Samuel. 1664 Carrier, ‘Thomas. 167. Marshall, John. 1656 Chamberline, William. 1653 Meades, Daniel. 1679 Champney. Samuel. 1658 More. Golden. 1658 Corneal, Peter. 1695 Osban, ‘Thomas. 1679 Crosby. Simon. 1659 Page, Nathaniel. 1688 Danforth. Jonathan. 1653 Paine, Thomas. 1664 Daniel, Richard. 1669 Parker, John. 1653 Davis, Joseph. 1691 Paterson, James. 1658 Ditson, Hugh. 1694 | Patten, Thomas. 1654 Dunkin, John. 1670 Perry, Obadiah. 1677 Durrent, John. 1659 Pollard. ‘Thomas. 1692 Dutton, Thomas. 1669 Poulter. John. 1658 Farley, George. 1653 Richardson, ‘‘homas. 1667 Farmer, Edward. 1671 Rogers. John. 1656 Fassett, Patrick. 1680 Ross, ‘Thomas. 1667 Fisher. Stephen. Sanders, John. 1671. Fitch, Samuel. 1695 Sharp. Robert. 1688 Foster, Thomas. 1659 Shed. Daniel. 1659 French William. 1653 Sheldon, John. 1658 Frost, James. 1664 Sollendine, John. 1677 Gorton, Abraham. 1682 Stearns. John. 1653 Grimes, George. 1677 Tay, William. 1656 Hale, William. 1658 ‘Tompson, Joseph. 1660 Hainlet, William. 1656 Toothaker, Roger. 1660 Hassell, Richard. 1676 Trull, John. 1658 Hide, Jonathan. 1673 | Walker. Joseph. 1667 Hill, Ralph. 1653 Web. Christopher. 1658 Holden, Justinian. - 1694 Whiting, Rev. Samuel. 1658 Hopkins, William. 1697 Whittaker, John. 1679 Hosley, James. 1699 Wilkinson. Thomas. 1676 Hubbard, ‘Thomas. 1662 Willice, ‘Thomas. 1659 Hunt Samuel. : 1689 Wilson, John. 1683 Jefts, Henry. 1653 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. FAMILY NAMES. — Continued. 1700-50. Abbot, Joshua. 1710 Kendall, Reuben. Atherton, Dr. Benjamin. 1733 Laws, James. Ballard, Jonathan. 1722 Lewis, Benjamin. Beard, Andrew. 1713 Mansfield, John. Blanchard, John. 1701 Mears, Robert. Bowers. Jonathan. about 1720 Munroe, Joseph. Chandler, Rey. John. 1747 Needham, John. Cowdry, John. 1746 Nickles, John. Cumings, Nathaniel. 1749 Osgood, Christopher. Davidson, Nathaniel. 1738 Peacock, Saniuel. Dean, Ebenezer. 1730 Putnam, Seth. Dowse, Ebenezer. 1715 Ruggles, Rev. Samuel. Dunckle, Hezekiah. 1740 Smith, Alexander. Easte, Benjamin. 1732 Snow, Richard. Gray, Braviter. 1788 Spaulding, Benoni. Hall, Richard. 1726 Sprake, Nicholas. Hardy, Zachariah. 1729 Stickney, Abraham. Hazeltine, Samuel. 1723 Tarbell, John. Henry, John. 1749 Whipple, John. Heywood, Benjamin. 1711 White, John. . Hutchinson, Nathan. 1741 Whitmore, ‘Thomas. Hutson, Nathaniel. 1719 Willoughby, John. Jaquith, Abraham. 1728 Winning, Alexander. Johnson, Josiah. 1733 Wyman, Joseph. FAMILY NAMES. — 1750-1800. Allen, Samuel. 1763 Gleason, William. Barrett, Oliver. 1768 Goodwin, Thomas. Bennett, Stephen. 1780 Hurd, Dr. Isaac. Bowman, Francis. 1768 Lampson, Samuel. Bridge, Samuel.. 1780 Pemberton, James. Carleton, John. 1759 Russell, Benjamin. Center, John. 1741 Skilton, John. Cook, Paul. 771 Totman, John. Craige, Thomas. 1783 Tufts, Ebenezer. Currier, William. 1775 Wilkins, Dr. William. Dandly, John. 1793 Wright, John. 169 1748 1736 1729 1726 1726 1734 1702 1735 1708 before 1718 1719 1708 1722 1733 1717 1721 1727 about 1730 1722 1736 1735 1735 1738 1723 1764 1754 1778 1762 1755 1786 1770 1752 1787 1791 1775 iia ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. ° ADAMS. 4. Read, William Greenough MacCarty. ALLEN. 9. Henry, d. 1876, Dec. 31. BALDWIN. 1. John. Dau. Mary m. Henry Jefts, 3. 2. John. Ruth m. —- Wyman. 4. Thomas, m. Sarah French, dau. of Jacob. 3. Joseph and Jacob lived in Townsend. 5. Thomas, b. 1696-7. March 15. He went to Mansfield, Conn., about 1735; had other ch., William, Sarah. and Benjamin, and d. 1749-50. (See Baldwin Genealogy.) Eleazer, Asa, and Benjamin were among the first set- tlers otf Dorset, Vt.; Asa being its first town clerk, and -afterwards noted for Tory principles. 6. William. His widow prob. m. Willian Tompson, 3. 7. Jonathan. Had also dau. Sarah, who m. John Patten, 12. 8. Josiah. After Josiah insert Joshua, who lived in Tewksbury. — Jesse settled in Lyme, N. H. 9. John, did not marry Elizabeth Parkhurst. 10. David. The David who m. R. Davis was from Townsend, gr.-son of Joseph (see Thomas, 4). 18. This Thomas-was son of Joseph who m. Esther Manning and set- tled in Townsend (see 4). 14. John. Had also Oliver and William. 16. Nahum. Rizpah d. 1841, July 29. 17. John, d. 1800, Dec. 4; his wife d. 1805, Sept. 25. aged 73. Joel d. 1829, Dee. 26. 23. Joel, d. 1836, Feb. 4. BARRETT. 2. Stephen, d. 1811, Aug. 16, aged 55; his wife d. 1805, April 27, aged 45. BARRON. 2. Moses. Moses d. 1778, Sept. 9. 3. Isaac. His wife d. 1819, Nov. 23; he d. 1820, May 8; Jsaac d. 1819, Oct. 8. BATCHELLER. 1. Joseph, m. 1810, April 3, Rebecca Wilson. BEAN. William, m. Martha Frost, dau. of James, 11. BEARD. 12. Isaac, d. 1805, Oct. 11, aged 70. Rebecca, 1834, Feb. 19. BENNETT. 3. Joshua. Rebecca d. June 18. BLANCHARD. 10. Isaac, d. 1816, Dec. 25. Insert: Susannah, d. 1796, Feb. 19, aged 2. 11. Joseph. Adolphus d. 1833, Nov. 11. BOWERS. 6. Samuel. Elizabeth m. 1803, March 20, Abraham R. Thompson. of Charlestown; d. 1867, August 7. Sarah m. Rey. Bernard Whitman, (sce Crosby, 38,) his second wife. 9. Joseph T. His wife d. 1824, April 25. Maria F. d. 1850, Aug. 19. 10. Henry, m. Eliza A. Dows, dau. of Joseph, 6. : BOWLEND. 1. Benjamin, d. 1812, June 23, aged 43; his wife d. 1812, Noy. 2, aged 39. It was a daughter Jsabella, b. 1796, who m. Charles Goodwin. BOWMAN. 6. Ebenezer. John Bowman and Hannah Wilson were m. 1758, May 16. Their son John was bapt. 1759. July 15. Hannah, wife of John Bowman, of Medford, was m. 1768, Nov. 16. BRIDGE. 2. Samuel, d. 1818, May 2,aged 60. Henry d. 1826, April 15. BROWN. 7. Samuel. His wife d. Nov. 17. 10. Samuel, d. 1790, March 26. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 171 15. Elisha. Sarah J. m. William D. Meers, 6. 16. Jonas. Harriet m. Daniel Hartford. 17. Isaac. Alfred m. 1864, Jan. 23, Mary J. Dows, dau. of Calvin, 8. 19. John, m. Sarah Hill, dau. of Paul, 22. 28. Rodney. Ztiza m. Thomas Spaulding, 11. ,, ‘Add: 26. Thaddeus, w.v. See CROSBY, 33,,and add: Thaddeus Howe, b. 1838, June 17; grad. Y. C., 1860, and Andover ‘Theo. Sem., 1864; ordained, North Woodstock, Conn., 1866, April 11, and d., pastor of that church. 1868. Oct. 19. BURROWS. Voluntine, d. 1873. CARLETON. 2. John, d. 1807, Dec. 5. 7. Amos, d. 1833, Aug. 7. Daniel, d. 1836, Jan. 20. CORNEAL. ‘This record occurs, 1698-9, Jan. 3: “The town do grant to Peter Cornelious, a frenchman inhabiting anong us, about fourteen acres of upland toward Jonathan ballding, and joining to piece of upland of Serg! John Marshall. and a division of meadow of his”; for which land he was to pay the town five shillings per acre. CROSBY. 5. Josiah, was. I think, the lieutenant and captain of that name in the Louisburg expedition, 1745. It is clear from the records that this military officer could not have been the son (Josiah, 14) who died in town about 1743, but was not, as the text suggests. ** killed by the Indians.” and his son Josiah was only fourteen years old in 1745." But the first Josiah. 5, had been long known in the Records as Sergeant,” and thus, if he did go to the war, would be likely to have a commission; and, although he describes himself as feeble, in his will, in 1743. he may have recovered from an illness, and yielded, at sixty-seven. to the impulses of his military career and the call of Pepperell, and gone to hardships and perils which proved fatal to the veteran. 8. Solomon. prob. d. in the Louisburg expedition. (See New Englund ‘Historical and Genealogical Register. Vol. X XV. pp. 253 and 262.) 14. Josiah. (See above.) Change 1747 to 1748. in the 4th line. 24, Qliver. Line 11: For Atkinson, read Dexter, Me. 33. Josiah. For Heywood, read Hartwell. Mrs. Whitman d. prob.* in 1832, and her husband im. Sarah Bowers, dau. of Samuel, 6. He was ord. Feb. 15, not June 8. Susannah: add to her record the note above, under BROWN, 20, Dr. Thaddeus. Afartha d. 1829. July 24. 88. Michael, d. 1863. Dec. 29, and his wife d. 1837. Feb. 7. Josiuh If. d. 1859, Dec. 14. Warren B.d. 1838, Oct. 12. Lucretia in. Rev. Mr. Cooper, and d. 1841, Sept. 25. Cyrus F.in. Lois E. Lane. Franklin d. 1856, Dec. 12. Ellen m. Otis Simonds, of Lexington, and d. 1870, Jan. 26... Add: Margaret Farmer, who m. A. D. Farnum, of Concord, N. H. CUMINGS. 1. Nathaniel, m. Rebecca Wilson, dau. of John, 6. DANDLEY. John, was b. in Billerica about 1760. DANFORTH. 38. Samuel. Abigail m. —— Ruggles. 4. Thomas. ‘See SIMONS, William. See ee 20. Nichelas, prob. went to Fitchburg; d. in Stillwater, N. Y.; had other ch.: Isaac, Jacob. Francis, Abraham, Joshua, Susanna, and Joseph. Elizabeth m. Gardner Marcy; lived in Hartland. Vt. 21. William. Jonathan b. 1769. Feb. 23. DEAN. 3. John, m. Sarah Wilson. dau. of John, 2. DITSON. 4. Thomas, d. 1828. Alice mw. Oliver Gragg, of Groton and Boston; had ten ch., of whom Cordelia m., 1842, Samuel A. Danforth. who d. in Auburndale, 1866, June 24. He was a son of Joshua Danforth, of Pittsfield. but b. in Western, now Warren. Mass.. 1759, Nov. 26: whose father Jonathan d. 1837, Jan. 30. 5 . DOWSE. 1. Ebenezer, b. Sept. +; m. Mary Hunt. dau. of Samuel, 1; d.1777, Sept. Mary b. Nov. 26; d. 1746, Nov. 22. 2. Benjamin, m. Hannah Meers. daughter of Robert, 1. Dfartha mm. Nathaniel Kittredge (see 12). Abigail b. Sept. 7. 3. Ebenezer. Mary perhaps b. June 19. Molly may be the same. 172 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. 4. Eleazer, m. Lucy Proctor. Zleazer went, in 1788, to Charlton, N.Y.; m. 1790, Nov. 25, Luida, dau. of Capt. John Wright, and had among other ch., David, a well-known and wealthy business man of New York, and James, of Cazenovia. Lucy m. Isaac Holmes. ‘Thomas lived in Charl- ton, N. Y., and in Ohio. : 5. Benjamin. His second wife prob. not the dau. of Isaac Marshall. Patty m. John Parker, as did Polly. Jonathan m. Betsey Crosby, dau. of John, of Chelmsford; d. 1844, Sept. 21; she d. 1881, Dec. 21. 6. Joseph, b. Feb.5. His wife d. 1809, May 8, and he m. 1811. Jan. 29, Mary Sprake, dau. of Isaac, 8, who d. 1841, Jan. 23. Juda m. Ebenezer Newman, of Woburn. Olive-b. Jan. 1; m. Ephraim Hinckley, and lived in Maine. The family record gives births of Mary, Sept. 15; Elbridge, May 21. and Amos W., June 29. Orpha d. 1878, Sept. 3. Hmeline Parsons m. John R. Mills, 2. Elbridge m. 1845, Aug. 21, Sarah Ramsey, of Ran- dolph, Vt.; a dau. Hattie b. 1846, Aug. Amos Wright is a merchant in Lowell; m. 1854, April 12, Elizabeth D. Smith, of Westford, and has ch., Albin A. b. 1856, Sept. 13; d. 1857, Aug. 27; Azro Milton b. 1858, Nov. 18; Justin Newell b. 1861, April 23; Lettie Maria b. 1864, Nov. 30. Gustavus Davis m. 1854, Dec. 31, Mary Jane Ballard, of Litchfield, Me.; has ch., Walter G. b. 1857, Oct. 10; Joseph Henry b. 1861, Nov. 21; George H. b. 1871, Feb. 16; Jennie Florence b. 1872, July 19. 7. Joseph, d. 1863, Aug. 23. His ch. was Joseph, not Maria, who d. 1861, Dec. 18. 8. Calvin, m. —— Ward, of Ashburnham. He lived in Lowell, Bos- ton, and Medford, and d. in Florida, 1874, Feb. 9; but most of his ch. were b. in Billerica and should read thus: lbridge A. b., in Ashburnham, 1848, April 3; d. 1847, Sept. 7. Mary m. Alfred Brown (see 17). Clara Eliza b. 1847, March 5; m. 1867, April 7, Edward Bailey, and d. 1879, Feb. 14. Harriet Newell b. 1849, Jan. 20; m. 1869, Jan. 17, Samuel Farwell. Frank Stone b. 1855. April 6; m. 1880, Feb. 2, Olive M. Simmons. DUMMER, Samuel. For his ancestry see New England Historical and Genealogical Register, July, 1881, pp. 267-8. - et i 1. John. His widow m. Justinian Holden, 1. (Records, .p. 99. ; DUTTON. 9. Thomas, removed to Westford, and there had ch., Silas b. 1739, Nov. 23; Sarah b. 1741, March 18. ELLIOTT, George P., m. 1849, Jan. 22, not 1848. FARLEY. 9. Benjamin. Benjamin m. Joanna Page, dau. of Christo- pher, 8, and had 12 ch. His later years were spent in Hollis, N. H. FARMER. .9. Oliver. His gr.-son John b. 1789. 22, Hannah. Omit: She was dau. of John, 11. FASSETT. 3. Josiah. Jusich m. Joanna Page, dau. of Nathaniel, 2. FAULKNER. 3. Luther W., b. April 12. 4. James. Had 6 ch. FITCH. 8. Benjamin. Hannah m. David Tarbell (see 1). FLETCHER. Add: 4. Gilman, brother of James, 3, son of Jonas and Hannah (Hills) Fletcher, was b. in Boxford, 1801, Sept. 10; m. 1828, May 9, Hannah Hills, dau. of Philip. of Hudson, N. H., who d. 1858, Sept. 23, aged 54. He d.1874, May 10. Ch.: Hannah Rebecca b. 1827, Sept. 12; m. Addison H. Johnson, 1850, Sept. 10. He was killed in the battle of Look- out Mountain, 1863, Oct. 31, and she lives in Sharon. Mass. Mary Edna b. 1830, July 28; m. 1862. Dec. 31. Charles H. Hinds. Calvin. Thomas b. 1832, March 10; m. 1861, Feb., Lucy A. Chaffin; served 3 yrs. in 1st Regt. Mass. Vols. Harriet Maria b. 1834, Nov. 16; m. 1856, May 21. Joseph H. Grant. John Woodard b. 1837, Sept. 26; m. 1865, January, Fanny Farley; d. 1866. April 30, of disease contracted in the army.- where he served in the 4th Mass. Battery. Laura Ann b. 1839, April 24; d. 1855, April19. Abby Gilman b. 1841, Oct. 7; d. Oct. 29. Abby Clemantine b. 1844, Nov. 17; m. 1868, Dec. 6, Robert B. Safford. Warren Gilman b. 1846, July 2; served in the 44th Mass. Regt.; m. 1873, Feb. 12, Etta Chipman. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 173 FOSTER. 14. Samuel. Jonuthan was not his son, but son of another Samuel, and Anne, Foster. Add: 20. Nathaniel D. P., son of Samuel, of Chelinsford, was b. in Ludlow, Vt., 1841, Feb. 23; m. Mary F. Jaquith, dau. of Franklin. 9, He was the first enlisted soldier from the town in the late war. Ch., Cordulia A. b. 1871, June 2. FRENCH. 1. William, had a son Francis, aged 10, in 1635. Eliza- beth b.1629. Maryand Jun: omit *about.” It was Mary. not Sarah, who first m. Sharp. FROST. 7. Samuel. In 1744, the town paid burial charges of John Frost, prob. son of Samuel, and aided his widow and child. 15. William. Clarissa m. John Clark, of Sherborn, and, second, R. Underwood; but not Goodwin. 16. Benjamin, m. Beulah Hodgman. GLEASON. ‘The periods should be commas before ‘ Joseph.” line 5, and ‘‘ Isaac,” line 8. GOODWIN. 4. Charles. His wife was not dau. of William Frost. GRAY. 2. Braviter. Wis wife was dau. of Jonathan Hill, 9. HALL. 2. Samuel. Hannah Saunders was dau. of John, 3. HASSELL was paid for his Cambridge claim. 1678, Nov. 25. HAZEN. Mrs. Hazen d., in Auburndale, 1881, Feb. 8, aged 47 years and 10 days. HILL. 8. Joseph. June m. John Patten, 10. 10. Samuel. Susanna m. Joseph Patten, 9. 13. Joseph, m. Anne Trask, dau. of Nathaniel. of Lexington, and, second, Elizabeth, her sister. The Rev. Nathaniel Trask, of Brentwood, was their brother. 12 and 14. Three marriages are reported of Abigail Hill, to John Hill, Joseph Hildreth, and Joseph Pollard; and this widow of Nathaniel is the only Abigail who appears in the records of the period. ‘Lo whom she was married, and who the other Abigails were, I can not say. 20. Solomon. Jeremiah lived in Boston. His dau. Nancy French m. Hon. William B. Towne, of Boston, and Milford, N. H. 25. Jonathan. His wife was dau. of Peter P., of Chelmsford, and d. 1847. Jonathan m. Sarah Brown, and lived in .Roxbury. Add: David B. b. 1811, Sept. 15; m. 1832, Dec. 26, Lydia P. Hatch; lives in Charlestown. 831. Asa, m. Susan Lawrence. of Concord. 83. Brewer. Add: Amos Wright b. 1826, Oct. 18; m. Helen Gragg, and had ch., Eugene, Helen, William, and Ralph. Elizabeth Juliet b. 1838, July 3; m. Joseph Hurd; ch., Emily and Josephine. 40. Charles H. Insert: Charles Henry b. 1853, Feb. 20. Nathaniel was b. Aug. 8. : HOLDEN. 1. Justinian, d. before 1700. His second wife was the widow of John Durrant, 1. 2. Thomas. Line 9: For Arlington, read Boston. HOPKINS. 2. Benjamin, m. 1723, March 27, Hannah Wilson, dau. of Andrew, of Cambridge. HUNT. 4. Jeremiah. Thomas was prob. the early settler in Ber- nardstown, of which town Samuel, 1, was a grantee, in reward of service in the ‘* Falls Fight” of 1676. (See Drake’s Old Indian Chronicle, p. 239.) HUSSEY. Last line, read 1851. JAQUITH. 2. Abraham. Hannah b. April 28. 8. Joseph. Christopher b. Oct. 5. JUDKINS. For Dembury, read Danbury. KIDDER. 1. James. John in. 1684. Sept. 14, Isaac. Jsaac m. 1811, Lucy Pratt. Moses, M.D., lived in Towns- end, 1822-35; m. Rachel Kendall, of Milford. 17. John, removed to Hallowell, Me., and d. 1814, Jan.5. Rev. James H. Kidder. of Owego, N. Y., is also his son. KITTREDGE, 2. John. Sarah Kittredge was grandmother of Han- 174 “ “HISTORY OF BILLERICA. nah Peacock. in 1713. She may have been a second wife of Dr. John Kittredge. 5. John. John removed to Andover about 1741, where he was an eminent physician. His wife, perhaps a second wife, was named Elizabeth. It was his death, and not that of his son Benjamin, which occurred, 1776, July 10. 9. Francis. Francis m. —— Richardson. daughter of Andrew, 4. _ 12. Daniel. Nathaniel (last line) m. Martha Dowse, dau. of Benja- min, 2. 17. Hezekiah. Hezekiah P. 1. 1840, March 10, Louisa Woodworth. of Lowell. LEVISTONE. 4. Thomas. William lived in Henniker, N. H.; had 9 ch. 6. Nathaniel. Zucyb.1788, Nov.2. Thomas b. 1800, Aug. 16. Enoch b. 1802, May 31. James b. 1804, March 28. Michael b. 1810, April30. Lydia in. Micah Howe, and Phebe m. Joseph Marshall. MAN. For Ann. read Sarah. MANNING. 1. Samuel, lived later on the Chelmsford Road. over Concord River. and prob. built the old garrison-house, long known as the Manning ‘Tavern, and still standing there. 12. Solomon, in. 1789, Jan. 6G. Olive French. of Hollis. 18. Theophilus, m. Hannah Shed. MEERS. 1. Robert. Hannah m. Benjamin Dowse, 2. 2. Thomas, m. Lydia Carleton. dau. of John. 1. MILLS. 2. John R., m. Emeline Dowse. dau. of Joseph, 2. Insert: NURS. Benjamin, in. before 1715. OSGOOD. 1. Christopher. Benjamin: for 1747, read 1748. 7. Phinehas. David m. 1828, Feb. 2. Insert: PAINE. Thomas, of Dedham, was granted a lot in 1665, and is occasionally mentioned for a few years. PARKER. 7. John, ‘served under Sir Edmund Andros, at y® east- ward.” (Lane Pupers.) 18. David, probably went to Charlestown. (See Wymun's No. 36.) Alice m. Matthew Bridge, of Charlestown. 14. John. Daniel is Wyman’s, No. 37, and unless there were two tanners of the same name and time in Charlestown. his No. 14 is the same person and not the son of his John, 11. PATTEN. 2. Thomas. Mary prob. m. 1702-3, March 5, Benjamin Cromwell, of Charlestown, son of John Cromwell, the Dunstable pioneer. (See pp. 45 and 46 above.) ; 13. Asa. His wife d. Feb. 25. PEACOCK. 2. Samuel, was ‘the nearest relation” of Hannah, whose gy.-mother was Sarah Kittredge, perhaps a second wife of Dr. John, 2. POLLARD. 1. Thomas. Joseph: the identity of Abigail Hill, re- ported as his wife. is not clear, and the statement of the text is doubtful. (See note above, HILL, 12 and 14.) ; POULTER. Line 2, read Davis. RICHARDSON. 5. Nathaniel. Joseph d. 174s. ROGERS. 19. Hermon. John F.: For Adam, read ch., and add: Emery Hermon b. 1865, July; Richard Lane b. 1869, April; Grace Dan- forth b. 1871, July. 20. Josiah, m. also Lucy Bancroft, of Groton. RUGGLES. 2. Samuel. Between 1st and 2d lines insert: Samuel, was son of, SHED. 4. Zechary. For Angus, read Agnes. SHELDON. 1. John. His wife was dau. of Edward Converse, of Woburn. SPAULDING. 7. Amos. Benjumin J. d. some years since. SEPA: S. Isaac. Mrs. Jesse G. D. Stearns d. 1881, Oct. 31, aged 63, ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 105 STICKNEY. 3. Daniel. Fourth linc. for N. H., read Mass. TOOTHAKER. 4. Roger. Add: Samuel and ‘Allen )). 1784, Sept. 2 James b., in Merrimack, N. H.. 1786, Sept. 5. Clarissa b. 1790; m. Denni- son Coats. and lived in N ewark, N.Y. Of these ch.. named here and in the text, Roger lived near Bloomington, O., where he had 10 ch., and d. 1845. April 10. Dr. Charles lived in “Dorchester, Mass., and Weathersfield. Vt. ; d. 1859, Aug. 19. having ch., (@) Charles Everett b. 1805, Nov. 30, a physi- cian ; (b) Samuel Allen b. 1807, Nov. 6, a physician, residing in Lynn; (c) Sarah Eunice b. 1810, Aug. 3, in Weathersfield ; (d) Samuel ‘Mosely b. 1813, Aug. 11; d.1816, Aug. 14; (¢) Harriet Newell b. 1816. Sept. 4; (f) Fauny Bowman b. 1818, Sept. 13; (g) James Smiley b. 1823, April 26. Samuel. Allen, and James went to "Hyde Park, Vt., with their father, in 1810, and had large families there. TUFTS. 5. Call, m. Mary Sanders, dau. of Benjamin. 13. WHITFORD. William, m. Sarah Bacon, of Bedford. WHITING. 2. Samuel. For Marlborough, read Braintree. WINNING. 2. John. Zucym. Asa Cram. (See ) WYMAN. 3. Imerease. His widow m. Ebenezer Richardson, 11. INDEX TO GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. Tus INDEX INCLUDES NAMES NOT FOUND OR REFERRED TO IN THEIR ALPHABETICAL PLACE IN THE REGISTER. SLIGHT VARIATIONS OF NAMES PROBABLY OF THE SAME ORIGIN, ARE REFERRED TO UNDER THE ONE MORE COMMON FORM. ABBOT, Betty, 70. Dorothy, 64. Elizabeth, 95. Ephraim, 76, 157. John, 23, 118, 158. Mary, 82, 85. Mercy, 23. Moses, 7, 141. Obed, 141. Oliver, 58. Samuel, 12. Sarah, 140, 141. Rev. Sere- no t, 78. Thomas, 56, 82. as 140. ADAMS, ——, 28, 167. George, 77. Hannah, 113. Jonas, 135. Joseph, 154. Mary, 23. Nathan, 93. Revecca,45. Mrs. Sarah R., 50 William, 144. ALEXANDER, Jonathan, 66. Juseph, 101. ALGER, Cyrus, 120. Olivia, 120 ALLEN, Abigail, 44 Andrew, 22, 150. “Faith, up. Hannah, 22. John, 22 Malachi, 20. Beaeia. 22. Mary, 150. Nancy, 44. Samuel, 71. ALPAUGH, Abram M., 87. AMES, Robert, 63. ANDREWS, Abraham, 141. Eliza, 110. Lucy, 95. Solomon, 132. ANNABLE, Samuel L., 106. Sarah, 106. ATHERTON, Henry B., 123. Humphrey, 123. Jonathan, 123. ATKINSON, "Hannah, 96. Thomas, 96. ATWOOD, Evelyn, 52. AUSTIN, Francis B., 161. Lucy J., 161. William, 144, AVERY, Ebenezer, Bd. John, 88 Mary, 88. Robert, 88. William, 88. BABBITT, —,4l. BACHILER, Tieodate, 17, Rev. Stephen, 77. Bacon, Abigail, 60, 121. Eliza, 154. Elizabeth, 118. Hannah, 121. John, jaa, Sally, 63. Sarah, 175. Susan, 72. Thomas, 41. BADGER, Ruth, 102. Susannah, 11. Baituey, —. 127. Abigail, 31. Isaac, 61. Jonathan, 7. Samuel, 117. BAKER, Joseph, 79. Mary, 78. Susan, 120. BALCH, Betsey, 40. Francis V., 101. BALPWIN, Abel, 5 Benjamin, 57. Daniel, 154. Joseph, 123. Ezra, 10. Jacob, 1. John F., 121. Jonathan, 10, 56. Lydia, 27. Reuben, 60. Rhoda, 27, 92. Rizpah, 51. Sarah, 55, 60. Susannah,2. Timothy, 10, 6x. BALKAM, 3 Mary, 8. BALLARD. —, 137. Dorcas, 102. Hannah, 2. Hezekiah, 39. Jonathan, 82. Mary, 172. Rebecca, 76. Sarah, 83. BALLISTER, Mary, 120. BALLON, Olive, 16. BANCROFT, Dr. Amos, 157. BANGE, Margaret, 107. BARKER, Hiram P., 66. Lucy Tey 161. BARNARD, Samuel, 83. BARNES, Kliza, 144. William, 107. BARR, ‘Andrew, 110. Barrett, Dr. Amasa, 30. George, 120. Hannah, 14. Stephen, 84. BARRON, Eliseus, 79. Elizabeth, 58. Samuel, 140. Sarah, 131. BARTLETT, Erastus A., 95. BARron, Jabez W., 125. BATCHELDER, Phebe, 119. BATCHELLER, ; Joseph, 152. Warren M., 41. BATEMAN, Mar rtha, 40. Thomas, 5 Bares, Mary, 5. BEAN, William, 62. BeARD, Benj. F., 64. BELCHER, Nathaniel, 42. BELKNAP, Rebecca, 84. Samuel, 140. - BELL, John, 54. BEMIs, Frederic, 80. BENJAMIN, Mercy, 99. BENNETYI, Edward, 120. Kezia, 7. Sarah, 91. Susan, 63. Bi,BBE, Elizabeth, 108. BIGELOW, Elizabeth, 139. John, 99, 139. Mira A., 69. Timothy, 92. Biessy, Joseph, 62. BILLINGS, John, 142. BINGHAM, —, 93. BIRD, Elizabeth, 120. BirvTHs, Christian, 47. Hannah, 78. BLAISDELL, Lydia, 64. BLAKE, Oliver W., 162. BLANCHARD, Anna, 36. David, 62. Elizabeth, 65. George, 65. Henry, 31, 55. Mehittabel, 100. ® Mrs. Nancy (Warren) 136. Sylvanus, 5 BL Iss, Levi, 124. Mary E., 107. BLODGETT, Elizabeth, 69. Josiah, 42. Mary, 63. Samuel &., 125. Sarah, 105. BLOOD, Betty, 39. James, 40. Josiah, 48. Rev. Mighill, 41. BLUNT, Mary, (4. BOARDMAN, Martha, 163. Bock, Jerome, 72, BOHONAN, William B., 4. Botes, Stillman, 161. Bouron, George, 42. . Bonn, Klias, 39. Jonathan, 39. Joseph, 40, Bonner, Elizabeth, 164. Bosworth, Elizabeth, 17. Bowrks, Arthur E., 59. Elizabeth, 41. Jerahmell, 48. John, 28. Philip, s+. Sally, 59. William, 83. * BOWMAN, John, 58. BoyDEn, Horatio, 138. Boynton, Dorcas, 62. Elizabeth Ann, 6. Richard, 2. Sarah, 118, BRADFORD, George, 65. BRADLEY, Joseph, 15. Louisa, 16. Bray, Mrs. Ann, 30. BRECK, Sarah E., 75. BREED, James, 105. BRIDGE, Col. Ebenezer, 150. Rev. Ebenezer, 33. Matthew, 174. Sarah, 33. Briaes, Mrs. Margaret L. 33. BRIGHAM, Annie P., 78. Joshua B., 92, Brirron, Samuel, 7+. Brooks, Joseph, 43. Brown, Ann 5., 161. Anne, 72. Calista, 144. Charlotte, 102. David W. 98. Dinah, 79. Dorothy, 27. Elizabeth, 51, 136. Ellen, 116. Esther, 165. John, 155. Lydia, 8. Margaret, 54. Martha, 122. Sarah, 18, 28, 165, 173. Susannah, 59, 101. Thaddeus, 32. Thankful, 23. BRYANT, Mary E., 107. Nathan, 107, Buck, Abbie, 26. Asa, 26. Deborah, 10: Jonathan, 64. Sewell, 63. BULLARD, Eenianain, 46. Sibbel, 132. ' BULLEN, Samuel, 19. BuRB ANK, Samuel, 125. 178 BURCHSTEAD, —,, 156. BurGE, David, 131. Elizabeth, 137. Hannah, 45. Josiah, 137. Ruth, 112. Bournav, Esther U., 166. BURNHAM, Prof. Chas. G., 61. William, 61. BuRRAGE, Hannah, 90. John, 96. Mary, 96. BuRRIDGE, Hannah, 56. John, 56. Burt, Ann J., 13. Jedidiah, 100. Sally, 10. Thomas, 19. Bususy, Asa, 3. Henry, 3. Bussty, Isaiah, 165. , BUTLER, Gen. B. F., 147. Chas. E., 156. “Geo. B., 156. ne 44. wonenty : 83. Lydia, 152. Mary, 44 Samuel, 71. BUTTERFIELD, Joseph, 144. Sarah, 37, 94 BUTrERs, Fanny, 26. Rebecca, 10. Reuben, 10. CALDWELL, Adam, 62. CALL, Martha, 73. Thomas, 139. CALLENDER, Ann L., 55. CAMPBELL, William, 166. CAMPBLE, Thomas, 39. CAPEN, Louisa, 14. Caney, Emeline, 144. CARKIN, Hannah, 44. CARLETON, William, 90. CARPENTER, Celinda, 72. CARR, Walter, 148. CARRELL, Samuel, 79. CARTER, George, 54, 81. Jabez, 93. John, 127. Moses, 127. Oliver, 98. Cary, Thomas G., 160. CASE, —-, 93. Anna, 65. CHAFFIN, Lucy H.,, 172. CHALWELL, George M., 162. CHAMBERLIN, Abigail, hie. Lydia, 129. ’Mary, 66. - Susannah, 7. Thomas, 35, 104. CHAMPNEY, Mrs. Joanna, 98. Jobn, 98. Louisa, 54. Mary, 51, 56. Elder Richard, 35, 56. CHANDLER, Ellener, 153. John, 95, 120. Philemon, 126. Silas, 19. CHAPMAN, Clarissa, 87. John, 23. Martha, 66, 119. Nancy A., 40. CuASsE, Annie P., 67. Enoch, 22. Harriet, 30. Moses, 67. Sally, 22. Stephen, 30. CHEEVER, James, 162. John, 153. Nathaniel, 120. CHESTER, Dorcas, 156, Leonard,156. Mrs. Mary, 156. CHILD, John, 56. Joshua, 140. CuipM an, Etta, 172. CHISHOLM, —— CHRISTE, Mar, aret, ‘97. CLARK, Abiga 1, 10, 80. Bethuel, 107. "Frances, 24. John, 173. Lucinda, 44. Mary, 130. Polly, 92. Rebecca, 11. Sarah, 91. CLEMENT, Rachel, 12. Rufus, 4 CLEVELAND, Anne, 18 CLEWLY, William J., 65. CLOYES, John, 123. Martha, 123. Coats, Dennison, 175. Cone, Catherine E., 165. Hattie G., 1H. Nath’, ce Sally, 142. Samuel P., CoBuRN, Paulina A., it. Rebecca, 164. Rhoda, 19. CoFFin, Lucy G., Lydia C., 77. ai ahear; TT. CoGGIn, ‘Abigail, 56. Henry, 56. Jacob, 87. Joseph, 74, 107. Mrs. John, 88. COLBURN, Phineas, 1€0. CoLBy, Homer H., 122. COLE, Mary, 61. Thaddeus, 72. Coxson, Israel A., 51. Sullivan, 98. COLWELL,—, We Jennie, 165, Conant, Eli, 45. Lydia, 45. Sarah, 45. CoNELLA, Anna, 37. Conray, ‘John, 48. CONVERSE, Capt. Fdmund, HISTORY OF BILLERICA. DAVIS, Betsey, 3. Daniel, 118. Ebenezer, 57. Elizabeth, 67. Ephraim, 36. , Estella J., 89. annah, 26, 102 Rey. Joel, 38. Joseph, 102. Loruhama, 7. Lucinda, 141. Lydia, 141. Rachel, 80. Ruhamah, 7. Susanna, 72. Mrs. Susanna, Thaddeus, 118. 141. Dawes, Priscilla, 112. Dean, Hon. Benjamin. 59. Eliza, 120. John, 149. Michael, 107. Susanna, 120. DEARBORN, Leocade, 60. DeCamp, John, 72. DemMERCY, John, 72. DENISON, Edward, 149. John, 143. Mary, 149. DENNIS, Rev. Rodney G., 106. DERBY, ——, 121. DICKASON, Sarah, 149. Dickey, Lucy J., ‘67. DiILno, —, 146. Drrson, Sarah, 59, 108. Thomas, 59. Drx, Clarissa, 122. Nancy, 98. Samuel, 91. Dover, Daniel, 116. 163, 174. Mrs. Esther C., 85. Mary L., 107. Josiah, 35. Mary, 56. Olivia ‘A, 144. Sarah, 45. Cook, Abigail, 48. COOLIDGE, Simon, 122. CooreR, Rey. Mr., 171. CorEyY, Eunice, 78. Jacob, 105. Mary, 105. Priscilla, 128. COSTELLO, —, 81. Cownpry, Nathaniel, 105. COYTMORE, Thomas, 88. CRAIG, Thomas, 7. CRAM, James, 20. onathan, 23. Joseph, 20. CRANCH, Elizabeth, 101. CROMWELL, Mary, 174. CrosBy, Betsey, 172. George, 63. John, 172. Joseph, 17. Mary, 142. Michael, 63. Rebecca, 88. CROSETT, Susan, 121. Cross, Nathan, 96. CuMINGS, Asenath, 120. Rev. Dr. Henry, 11, 59. Lucy, 120. Nathaniel, 7, 30. Sarah, 30. Rev. Seneca, 141. CURRIER, —, 31. Curtis, Mrs. Mary, 57. CUSHING, Leonard, 3. CUTLER, Abijah, 30. Charles, 165. Josiah, 10. Mrs. Lydia, 102. Mary L., 144. Nath’l,9. Rev. Robert, 28. Silas, 63. Solomon, 103. CUTTING, Mary, 117. Susan, 92. - DAL. AND, Benjamin, 55. Damon, J ames, 56. Dana, Dr. F., 21. Capt. oo ee Hazen, 24. Hon. Judah, 63. Maria, 63. DANE, Rebecca, 20. DANFORTH, Anne, 90. Hannah, 125. John, 164. Jonathan, 51. Sam’l A., 171. DANIEL, Richard, 41. Rey. Yoong, 156. William DANIELS, —, sé. C., 78 DAVIDSON, Jane, 21. Minerva’ E., 116. Robert, 165. Susan, 3. DouG.ass, James, 129. Dowsk, Dorothy, 82. DRAPER, Mrs. Rebecca, 45. DRreEw, Charles A., 98. Driver, Rebecca uJ. 103. DUDLEY, Silas, 136. Goy. Thomas, 127. DuteGar, Hannah, 102. DumMER, Samuel, 127. DUNCKLEE, N: athaniel, 13,556. Ruth, 13. Dunxin, John, 78, 45. Judith, 37. DUNSTER, I lizabeth, 14. Pres. Henry, 14, yi 166. DunrTon, Anne, 4 Nathaniel, 117. Samuel, 61. Sarah, 61. DuREN, Asa, 143. Emily, 66. Samuel A., 136. William, 136. Durick, Mary, 34. DURRENT, John, 100. Dutc#, Mary, 43. Durron, —, 22. Edward P., 40, George, 78. John, 61. ‘Ly dia A., 55. Mary L., 72. Mehitable, 29, 87, Eames, James H., 9. John, 16, 26. Joshua, 125. Sarah, 10. Thomas, 101., EARLY, Silas, 153, 166. FASTE, Benjamin, 48. EASTMAN, John, 145. Mary, 21. Easty, Mary Ann, 137 EATON, Martha C., 67. Rebecca, 149. Epes, John, 11s. Epwarps, L. M., 41. Sally, 162. ELDER, Mrs. L. C., 137. Erort, Francis, 114. Rachel, 114. ELLENWOOD, —, 8&8. \ INDEX TO GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. ELuIce, Joseph, 17. Ruth, 17. E:LLI18, Eleazer, 27. Hannah, 2. Mrs. Mary, 19. Emery, Frances L., 125. EMERSON, Asx, 19. Eliza, 26. Joseph, 108. Mary, 51. Emons, Rev. Henry, 161. EsTABROOKS, Mrs. Anne R., 143. Hannah, 61. John, 143. Joseph, 42. Everett, Ichabod, 119, 137. FARLEY, Elizabeth, 90. FARMER, Jared, 145. Peggy, 126. FARNSWORTH, Elizabéth, 79. Lucy, 34. Farnum, A. D.,171. 0 - Ella C., 137. Millisent, 17. FARWELL, Hannah, 33. Henry, 33. Jonathan, 12. Samuel, 172. Fassevs, Mrs. Ainittia, 103. Joseph, 103. Fay, Dr. Jonas, 62. Feven, Ebenezer, 150. FELLOWS, Theophilus B., 121. Frvron, Levi, 3. FeRRIN, Bailey, 88. FESSENDEN, Abigail, 70. Hannah, 50. Samuel, 70. FIELD, Bohan P., 39. Rev. George W., 39. Mary E., 106. FiFirLp, Moses, 91. FIsHER, + 95. Fiske, —, 20. Rey. Abel, 76. Almira, 66. Ebenezer, 62. Nathan, 141. Prof. Nathan W., 141. Sarah, 66. Fircu, Joel, 72. Moses, 141. Paul, 77. Polly, 151. Samuel, ¢8. FLAGG, Eunice, 66. Mary, 10. FLEMING, Mary, 128. FLETCHER, Daniel, 81. Ebenezer, 140. George A., 79. John, 44. Mary, 65. Patty, 154. Thankful, 131. FLuint, » 56. Eli, $3. George, 26. Hannah, 76. Simeon, 114. Fioynp, Carrie D., 152. FOLLANSBEE, Eliza, 99. Fotsom, Frederic, 106. Footrt, George H., 139. ForsusH, Sarch, 23. ForGison, Mary, 97. Fospick, David, 134. Foster, Abial, 158. Abigail, 48. Abrabam, 62. Amos, 58. Apphia C., 72. Benjamin, 10, Elizabeth, 59. Enoch, 148. Ezra T., 145. Hannah, 108. James, 89. Joseph, 42. Mary, 103. FRANKSFORD, Margaret, 50. FREEMAN, Elizabeth, 41. Rebecea, 16. FreNcH, Abigail, 150. Anna, 61. enjamin, 70. Dorcas, 50. Elizabeth, 19. John, 57, 120. Joseph, 13r. Nathaniel, 19. Nicholas, 50. Olive, 173. Sally, 42. Timothy, 163. Frost, —, 7, 104. Asa, 151. Betsey, 144. Ebenezer, 152. Edmond, 57. Hannah, 105. Joseph, 61. Rachel, 25. William, 57. FroruinGuaM, Henry K., 13. Richard, 13. Fry, John, 7. Mary, 8, 31. Nathan W., 121. Susanna, 141. FULLER, Rebecca, 25. Robert, 145. GaGE, —, ¢8. GALLUP, Capt. Samuel, 117. GARDNER, Esther, 163. Thomas, 163. GARY, Josiah, 137. GASKELL, Libbeus, 6. . Phebe J., 6. GATEs, Jonathan, 131. GEARY, Mary, 79. GERRISH, Dr. Charles H., 99. Moses, 50. Susan, 50. Ginson, Elizabeth, 26, 136. GILES, Elizabeth, 5. GILSON, Elizabeth, 29. Susanna, 80. GLEASON, Jonas, 37. GLoYD, Polly, 51. GopFrEyY, Hannah, 3. Sarah, 48. GOING, Mary, 12. GOLD, Sarah, 98. GOLDSMITH, Jeremiah, 63. GoopuukE, Joseph, 31. Zechariah, 150. Goopnow, Mary, 108. GOODRICH, Priscilla, 15. Sally, 3. Goopwin, Barbara, 121. Betsey, 11. Lucy, 32. Lydia, 92. Nathaniel, $2. Reuel, 11. Thomas, 58. GookIN, Daniel, 127, 150. GorHAM, Charles E., 21. Eliza, 121. GORRELL, John, 39. GorToNn, Alce, 54. Goss, Jonathan, 117. GOULD, Augustus A., 44. Chas. D., 44. Elizabeth, 44. Jacob, 127. Joanna, &4. Lewis, 33. Lydia, 44. Margaret, 23. Mary, 44. Nathaniel, 44. ‘ Gove, Sophronia, 5. GoOwEN, Ann, 92. William, 92. GRAGG, George W., 25. Moses, 8,25. Nath'l D. P.,78. Helen, 173. Oliver, 171. Sarah, 80. Mrs. Sarah P., 17. Thomas, 17, 61. William, 92. Fow Le, Samuel, 9. Sarah, &. Fow.Ler, Harriet, &0. Fox, Abel, 36. Abigail, 36. ' Isaac, 101. Warren, 122. FRANCES, John, 61. GRANGER, Mary, 65. GRANT, Joseph H., 172. GRAVES, Abraham, 61. GRAY, Bridget, 114. John, 81. Lucy, 81. GREEN, Rev. Archelaus, 103. Charlotte E., 67. George B., 67. Joseph W., 93. Sam’l, 156. Solomon, 103. William, 49. = 179 GREENLAND, Stephen, 166. GREENLAW, Mary, 162. GRIGGS, Sarah, 82. GRIMKS, Mary, 14, 102. Sarah, 41, 53. GROVER, Benjamin, 5. Thomas, 5. Grusa, Michael, 113. GURNEY, John, 130. HADLEY, Belinda P., 72. Samuel P., 72. HAGGIr1, Amos, 103, 134. Mary, 124. HALE, Isaac, 137. William, 92. HALEY, Sarah, 125, HALL, Abigail, 2, 144. Annie, 157. Grace, 157. Joanna, 108. Percival, 103. Sam’1, 163. Stephen, 157, 163. Rev. Willard, 2, 157. Winslow, 103. HAMILTON, ——, 3. HAMLET, Joseph, 43. William, 24. HANAFORD, Mehitable, 92. Hancock, [John], 167. HARDING, Alice R., fi5. Harpy, Isaac M., 165. Lucy, 97. Phebe, 101. HARNDEN, Joshua, 26. HARPER, Joseph W., 40. HARRINGTON, Caroline F., 9. Hiram, 26. Zadoc,9. Harris, Deborah T., 92. Hannah, 130. Richard T. 101. HARROD, Noah, 133. Hart, Henry, 133, 162. HARTWELL, —, 127. Betsey, 31. Rev. Charles, 141. John, 69. Mary, 63, 69. Nancy, &4. Sarah, 104. Susan,17. William, 69, 104. HARVEY, Abigail, 3. HaRwoop, James, 129. HASKELL, Elias, 68. Elizabeth, 128. Rebecca, 102. HASTINGS, Elizabeth, 97. John, 98. Nathaniel, 38. Patty, 128. HATCH, Lydia P., 173. Hawks, Lydia, 43. HAWTHORNE, Nathaniel, 110. HAYDN, Isabella W., 147. Joel, 147. Sarah, 133. HAYNES, Lavinia B., 143. HAYWARD, Elizabeth, 79. Nathaniel, 118. HAZELTINE, Abigail, 76. Amy, 117. Anna, 145. David, 76. Oliver, 10. Samuel, 79, 165. Tabatha, 165. HEALD, Benjamin H.., 16. Jonathan, 58. HENCHMAN, Nathaniel, 29. Henry, Agnes, 54. HENTZ, Prof. N. M., 158. HuERRICK, Benjamin, 83. Hxrywoon, —, 65. Benjamin, 82. John, 6. Joseph, 63. Rey. Joshua, 59. Mary, 82. Ruth, 83. Sarah, 6, 94. Simeon, 35. AIcKEL, William, 14. HILDRETH, Elijah, 24. Joseph, 70. HILu, David, 31. Rev. Ebenezer, 141. Elizabeth, 31. Josiah, 23. Lydia, 31. Capt. Ralph, 94. 180 HiLus, Hannah, 172. HIvtron, Elizabeth, 55. HINCKLY, Ephraim, 171. Hinbs, Charles H., 172. John, 21. Hinson, —-, 53. HoBART, James, 33. Rev. James, 33. Mary, 118. Sally, 92. Howson, Jeremiah, 31. HopeMan, Abijuh, 42, 138. Beulah, 173. HousrooKk, Hon. Adin, 143. Elenor, 161. Mary A., 143. HOLDEN, Abigail, 153. C. W., 121. John, 103. Martha, 133. William, 133. HOLMAN, Sarah, 161. Seeth, 126. Gen. Silas, 161. William, 126. HoiMEs, Isaac, 174. Hout, Hannah, 64. James, 22. Mary, 91. Mehituble, 2. Molly, 13. Paul, 51. Rachel, 152. Samuel, 22. Ho.LtTon, John K., 128. Hom_ERr, William, 63. HomEs, Elizabeth, 69, Robert, 69. HooKER, Rey. Thomas, 156. Hooper, Elizabeth, 151. Mrs. Ruth, 45. Wm., 45, 151. Hosntey, —, 18. Hosmer, Amos, 31. HoosLey, Harriet, 136. Hovey, John, 3, 83. Rachel, 3. Susanna, 71. Howarkb, —, 128. Edwin, 52. Horace, 121. Joseph, 63. Martha, 94. Mary, %4. Nathaniel, 61. Thomas, 27, Ziba, 146. Howe, —-, 91. Elizabeth R., 16. George, 16. Jonathan, 142. Mary, 125. Micah, 174. Rev. Nath’l, 99. HOWLETT, Sarah, 32. Thomas, 32. Hoyt, Dolly B., 121. HUBBARD, Sarah, 24, 66. HUDDLESTON, Harriet, 16. Huit, Elizabeth, 75. HuMPHREY, Hannah, 165. Moses, 165. HUNNEWELL, Hannah F., 16. Hont, James G., 135. Mary, 155. Reuben, 105, 135. Rath, 105. Hose, David, 31. Horcurns, John C., 120. Lucy I., 63. Maria A., 42. Susan M., 120. HUvUTCcHINSON, Elizabeth, 142. James, 110. Levi W., 144. Nathan, 140. Sarah, 124, 134. HYDE, Jonathan, #2. William, 96. INcE, Rev. James, 106. INGALLS, Tabitha, 86. INGERSOLL, George W., 130. INGLES, James, 14. IRELAND, Abigail, 131. Jaco, Deborah, 23. JACQUES, Abby E., 110. James, 13, Pamelia, 122. Sally, 134. : JANES, Esther, 44. JAQUISH, Elizabeth, 43. JAquira, Abigail, 31. Abraham, 43, 66. Andrew, 119. Caroline, 106. Ebenezer, 36, 157. Hannah, 39. Isaac, 153. James, 118. John, 100. Jonathan, 138. Lucretia, 26. Nathan, 30. Nathaniel, 50. Rebecca, 10. Mrs. Mary, 66. Samuel, 118. Sarah, 43. Tamison, 119. J&FTS, Hannah, 47. JENKINS, Lydia, 10. Nabby, 83. Samuel, 136. JENNISON, Lucy, 65. JEWELL, Lewis, 64. JEWETT, Edward, 49. Joseph, 128. Polly, 102. Stephen, 33. Jockow, Julius, 25. JOHNSON, —, 26. Abigail, 49. Addison K., 172. HISTORY OF BILLERICA. LANE, Benjamin, 70, 143. James, 49. Job, 145. John, 91. Jonathan, 142. Lois E., 17f. Luke, 30. Mary, 70, 142. Roger, 5. Ruhamah, 103. Sally, 143. Samuel, 58, 142. Sarah, 142. Stephen, 141. Ziba, 37. LANG, David G., 161. LAPHAM, Rufus, 106. LARKUM, Lucy, 55. LaTHROoY, Mary, 139. Thomas, 39. LAw, Samuel, 138, LAWRENCE, Mrs. 73. Aaron, 142. Elizabeth, 141. Samuel, 128 Susan C., 40. Susanna, 143. Lawron, Mrs. H. M., 87. LEACH, Caroline, 51. LEARNED, Isaac, 139. Joshua, 31. Ann W.,.71. Benjamin, 153. LEAVITT, Jane, 51. Catherine, 27, 167. Cyrus, 27. Daniel, 113. Ebenezer, 140. Edward, 49, 140. Eleanor, 58. Elissa, 27. Esther, 140. Ezra, 12. Henry C., 154. Joanna, 134. Joseph 6,, 75. Lewis, 5. Lucy, 72. Lydia, 121. Mary, 24, 82. Ruth, 83. Thomas, 96. Emma L., 166. LEE, Thomas J., 40. LEIGHTON, D. K., 60. LEONARD, Uriah, 48. William, 114. LEVISTOXE, Betty, 148. Lewis, Abigail; 78. Benjamin, 1¢5. Esther, 165. John, 153. Samuel, 45. Sarah, 70, 119. Thomas, 21. LIncoLn, Joshua, 44. Susanna, 23. William, 49,119, Seth, 103. JONES, Ebenezer, 149. Elizabeth, 52. John A., 144. Jonathan, 74. Joseph, 119. Mary, 70. Nabby, 141. Phebe, 10. Polly, 141. JORDAN, Rev. Larkin L., 61. Jupson, Mrs. Hannah T., 162. Dr. Walter P. B., 162. KARKIN, ‘Asa, 73. IKeASBERRY, Rev. Benj., 106. KEMMEL, Hesta B., 144. Kemp, Abigail, 10. KENDALL, Charlotte, 144. Rachel, 173. William, 100. KENDRICK, Elijah, 61. KENNEDY, Nancy, &8. Kent, Isaac, 21. KETTLE, Nathaniel, 82. Rachel, 28. KEYES, Abner, 132. Joseph, 65. Lydia, 65. Mary, 101. KiIBBER, Elizabeth, 108. Kipp)Er, Mrs. Joanna K., 53. Phineas, 26. Ruth, 8. Thomas, 53. IKIMBALL, Andrew, 72. Elizabeth, 80. John S., 40. Sarah, 54, 110. Kune, Ebenezer, 93. Elizabeth, 161. KINGSBURY, Amos, 119. Eliza, 120. Henry, 165. Kinney, George E. S., 166. KXITTREDGE, [saac, 124. Job, 125. Lucy, 30. Knapp, Daniel L., 95. Jonathan, 26. Know ts, John#106. LABAREE, Rey. LAKE, Cynthia, 70. LAMBERT, Ann, 33. Elizabeth, 33, Mary, 83. Thomas, 33. Lamon, John, 115. enjamin, 115. LITTL4y, Samuel, 15. LITTLEFIELD, Francis, 68, 85. Mrs. Jane, 68. Mary, 68, 85. LIVERMORE, Rev. Jonathan, 83. Martha, 63. LIVINGSTON, Anna G., 83. Lock, Ebenezer, 97. Joseph, 7. LomMnBAkD, Israel, 84. Lone, Samuel, 25. LoveJoy, Deborah, 101. Isaac, 14. LOVERING, Henry, 137. LOVEWELL, Capt., 125. Low, Abigail, 115. LOWELL, John Russell, 32. LUFKIN, Hannah, 113. Samuel, 91. LunD, Mary, 87. LunxtT, —, 3. LuscomBE, Dr. Robert, 24. LYMAN, Abigail W., 51. George, 100, 128. Hannah M., 16. Lewis J., 165. LYNDE, —., 74. Lyon, Mary, 124. = Major Robert, 121. Mack, Martha, 61. Priscilla, 57. MANN, Horace, 110. Mary, 3Y. Sarah4., 16 Thomas, 67. MANNING, 785. Thomas, 83. MANSFIELD, Edward, 55. MAnNsourR, William G., 138. MARCu, Abigail, 3. Rev. Edmund, 3. MARSHALL, —-, 4, 91. Asa, 8. Isaac, 151. Joel, 16. John, 26. Joseph, 174. Mary, 19, 25. Samuel, 57. MARSTON, Amos, 38. MARTIN, —, 41 Hannah, 28. INDEX MASson, Dr. A ugustus, 125, James L., 98. Sarah J., 136. MASTERM: in, -James, 42. MATTHEWS, Lydia, 106. Rev. Sherberne S., 166. MAYNARD, Auron, 34, 51. Betsey, 113. Mrs. Mary, 24. McCarty, Mary, 27. McDonatp, William, 154. McINTIRE, Daniel, 121. McKEE, Ann, 16, William, 137. McKEEN, James, +. McKENzI®, R. A., 114. McLEAN, Susan J., 187. Mc. PERSO S James C., 11 MEAD, —, 55. Mathew, 37. MerAxs, Lucey .A., 3. Lydia R., 51. Thomas, 21. MELDRUM, James, 106. MELVIN, Iisther, 32. MERRIAM, Martha R,, 52. Mary, 29, 140. Sall, 7120. Thomas, 140. MERRILL, Rev. Isuac, 127. eae Ti.,s. Nathan, 12). 84. Merrow, ra Pog 118. MILEs, John, 1 MILLER, Taeabeth: GL, George H., 144. Hruinah, 20. Rev. John, 61. Luc’ etia, 133. Dr. Nathaniel, 75. Peter W., 120, Sally MILLIKEN, Louisa, 135. MILLS, Philip, 120. MINOT, James, 89. Martha, 89. Susanna, 105. Timothy, ke, MIXER, [sauc, 56, 139. John, 41. Sarah, 139. MOFFATT, Margaret, 125. Monrkox, "Abigail, 131, John, 5. William, 127. Mowar, Mrs. Mehitable, 5%. Moopy, Abigail, 32 Moore, Anna, 81 Francis, 81. MOxKES, Abigail, 4 MorGAan, —, a MORRILL, E. T., 7 Morse, Rev. Horace I., 128. Mary, 66. Sarah, 130, Morton, Almira, 66. Munxox, Amanda P., 32. Harriet, 74 Jonas, 143. Mary, 7. Murvock, Lucy, 141. MURRAY, Ruth, 28. Mvsron, Rev. Thomas. 49. Muzzy, Amos, 15 Rev Artemas B., 15. Rev William, 15. Myrick, Martha, 19. NEAL, Ellenor, 44, Rose, 93. NEEDHAM, Lucy, 16. NEWELL, Charles W., 34, Grace, 148. NEWMAN, Ebenezer, 42, 172. Josiah, 42. NEWTON, Sarah, 99. NIcHOoLs, Adaline, 136. William, 138. NICKLES, Asa, 137. NIXON, Joseph, 66 NogRis, Ann N,, 136. James W., 136. 7H. TO GENEALOGICAL . REGISTER. NORTON, Rev Jacob, 15, 46. Lucy Ann, 46. Novursk, Francis H., 107. Noyes, Elizabeth, 20. Moses, 118. Sarah, 19. NURSE, Prancis, 147. Mary, 147. Rebecea, 147. NUTTING, Jonas, 87. OBER, ‘Abigail, 8b. Rebecca, 86. OLcorr, Rev, —, 115. ORDWAY, Daniel, 92. George B., 16. ORNE, Josiah, 155. OsBAN, Abigail, 55. OSBORN, Mrs., 127. John, 31. William, 106. Oscoon, Rev. David, 17. Dorcas, 19, Lydia, 20. Mary, 84, 138. Sarah, 158. PAGE, —, 58. Calvin, 128. Dolly, 142. Elmira, 166. Joanna, 20. John, 53. Polly, 165. William, 70. Painz, Huldah, 2. Katherine, 84. Rebecca, 108. Thomas, 108. PALMER, Elizabeth, 110. Samuel W., 122. Pank, Joseph, 114. PARKER, Aaron, 2. Amy, 118. Anna, 28. Benj.,117. Betsey, 135, 165. Bette, 91. Clarissa, 8. Deborah, 165. Enoch, 25. Toten 105. Hamiiah, 66. Harriet, 92. Isaac, §. Jacob, 35, 139. Mrs, Johan- na, 4139. John, 35, 171. Jonas, 75. Lydia, 51, 82, 157. Mar tha, 27. Mary Poulter, 35. Nathan, 12. Nathaniel, 118. Priscilla, 41. Rachel Ann, 9. Rebecca, 35. Robert, 54. Samuel, 4, 39. Sarah, 54. Sibbel, 105. ‘Thomas, 35. William, 46. PARKHURST, Elizabeth, 7, 8, 170. John, 14, 94. PARSONS, Michael, 3 PARRY, Joseph, 80, Parcs, Edith, 34. Lucy, 34. PATERSON, Francis W., 6. _PaTIo, Esther, 40. PEABODY, Amos, 100. Fanny, 100. PEARSON, Caleb, 51. James, 25. PEIRCE, Jerome, 78. Joseph, 112. Lucy &., 78. PENNIMAN, Luther, 149. PERKINS, Eliza A., 120. PERRY, Anna, 67. Obadiah, 67. William, 67. PETTENWILL, Peter, 146. PHELPS, —-, 86. Francis, 96.” John, 15. Joseph, 57. Mrs, Susanna, 83. Wins- low, 83. PHILLIPS, Mary, 82. PHILLPot, Eliza H., 12. PIERCE, Ellen B., 116. Ephraim, 131. Harriet, 87. Lucretia A., 16, Marshall, 143. Oliver, 76. PILLSBURY s— »93. Samuel,41, PITMAN, Mark, 63, Mrs. Phebe, 96. 181 PLUMER, George, 101. Sarah, 42. Daniel F., 24, Thomas, 24. POLLARD, Abby, 161. Amory, 161. Oliver, 70, POLLEY, Elizabeth, 18. George, 18, POODNEY, Mary, 104. Poor, David, 70, Harriet L., 16, Lydia A.. 13, Porter, Elizabeth J., 101. President, 156. Powers, Jonathan, 163. Pratt, Lucey, 173. Martha, 12. PRENTICE, Dr. Nathaniel, 128, PRESCOTT, Lydia, 7%. Dr. Oliver, 157. PRICHARD, —, 105. Silly, 44. Priest, Jane, 126. , Jonas, 44. Philip, 104. PRINCE, Jonathan, 123, Proctor, Daniel, 69. Fannie .}.. 110. Luey, 172. Mary, 71, Oliver, 94, Rachel, 20. Sarah, 68. ‘Thomas P., 136. PUFFER, Elizabeth A., 60, PUNCHARD, Rey. George, 163. Rebecca, 113. Putnam, Gen, David, 3. Elizabeth, 55. Phillip, 4 PUTNEY, Jane, 38. Py®, Sir John, 39. Mary, 39 RAMSEY, Sarah, 172. RAND, George W., 41. William, 79, 120. RANDALL, ——, 128. RAWSON, William, QF. REED, ——, 38, 51. Diadema, 124. Elizabeth, 102. George, 102. Jacob, 57. John, 143, Joshua, 64. Levi H., 26, Micah, 103, Nabby, 138. Nathan H., 107. Parmelia, 78 Ransom, 138. Samuel, 5, 133. Swethern, 78. Remick, Glenville, 144. RENOX, Catherine, 16. REYNOR, Anna, 88. Rev. John, 88. RicE, Hon. Alexander H., 147, Mrs. Dolly L., 88. RICHARDS, Jonas 9. Nancy, 44, att, 128. RICHARDSON, “abigail 99, Alpheus, 144, Bridget, 43. Hannah, 61, Henry, 67. Jackson, 32. Josiah, 50: Jude, 83. Lydia, 50.” Mary, 6,42. Polly, 10, 73. Reuben, 11. Samuel, 66. Thomas, 6. Warren, 41. RIPLEY, Cordelia, 21. Rixey, William, 106, ROBBIN! 8, ‘Adelaide E. 3 133 Ann, 52. Eleanor, 105. Ephraim, 135. John, 27. Jonas, 43. Lewis E., 16, oe aon P., 133. Betsey, 72. Rosey, Mrs. Sarah, 127. RoBINSON, Franklin, 103. Henry, 34, Jonathan, 93, Moses, 93. Samuel, 93. RocGeErRs, Ann D., 46. Rev. Daniel, 42, David, 50. Harriet E., 146. Col. Henr y N., 46. Joseph, 121, Josiah, 124. Sarah, 42, 182 ROLLINS, Philip, 25 Ross, Margaret, 58. Rounpy, Charles, 125. Nehemiah, 17. RowE, Thomas, 15, ROWELL, Louisa, 79. RvuGGLES, —., 171. Anna, 36. Rev. Benj., 157. Eliza, 4. Elizabeth, 18. George, 18. Joseph, 3 36. Martha, 89. Nancy, 4 Timothy, 36. Russ, Hannah, 45, Nathan, 37. ~ RUSSELL, Edward, 3. Hannah, 30, James, 44, 83. Jemima, 76. John, 126. Mary, 18, 44. Peter, 27. Richard, 156." Sarah, 126. Thomas, 143. Rust, Susan A., 1638. SAFFORD, Mary, 729. Robert B., 172. SAGE, Samuel, 725° SALTER, Joseph J., 34. SANBORN, Hugh M., 133. Mary J., 133. SANDERS, Mrs., 7. Obadiah, 31. Susanna, 31, SARGENT, Abby, 72. SAUNDERSONY, Charles, 144. Savixs, John A.,, 144. © SAwWIy, Sarah, 125. SAWYER, —, 83. ScAMMON, Charlotte, 107. ScHOULER, William, 162. SEAMAN, Maria, 40. SEARLES, Benjamin, 136. James, 144, SEDMAN, Jane L., 120, SEGER, Mary, 63. Sessions, Elizabeth, 22. SEWALL, Ammi R., 138. Rey. Samuel, 124. SHarp, —, 56. Robert, 168. SHATTUCK, Mary, 105. Phebe, 100. SHED, ——, 148. Hannah, 174.’ John, 50. Matilda, 38. Rachel, 50. SHELDON, ‘Amanda, 125. Amos, 100, SHEPARD, ——, 157. SHERMAN, Elizabeth, 144, SHumway, Henry Pp. 125. Simmons, Olive M., 172. Simmg, Sally, 188. Srmonps, Daniel, 117. David, ‘136, Eliza, 21. George, 78, Jesse, 21, John, 71. Joshua, 14. Otis, 171. Prudence, 144 Rebecca, 36. Sarah, 16. Thomas, 137. William, 6, 163. SIMPKINS, John, 102. Simpson, Rebecca, 114. SKINNER, Charles L,, 137. Jacob, 137, Susanna, 136. SLEEPER, Jacob, 40. Solomon § , 84. SLOAN, Peter, 70. Smiru, Aaron, 102, Elizabeth D., 172. Dr. Robert, &4. Russell, 162, Snow, Susanna, 86, Somus, Isaac, 87. SPALDING, Abby, 14. Abigail, 22, , Almira S., 14, Andrew, 78. Benoni, 14. Edward, 17. Esther, 144. Jonas, Tt, Joseph, Ty, 142. Leonard, 111. Mary, 28. Molly, 62, Olive, 95. Rachel, 111, Rebecca, 2, Rey. Sampson, 76. Sarah, 80, 92. Willard, 142. Zebulon, 95. SPENCER, Dr, William E., 103. SPOFFORD, Frederick, 106. SPRAGUE, Edward, &. STANLY, Lucy, 14. Stapues, John H., 137. STEARNS, —— 89, Mrs. Asa. hel, 158. Asenath, 133.' Elijah, 13. John, 47. Mary A., 107. Obed, 22. William, 39, 158. STEDMAN, John, 67. STEELE, Joseph, 116. STEPHENS, James, 117. STEVENS, Caleb, 164. Daniel, "44. Elizabeth, 117. Esther, 60. George, 44, 45. Josiah, 55. Martha, 87, 119. Paran, 138. Sarah, 158. STEVENSON, Andrew, 117. Mary,117. Nathaniel, 3. Rebecca, 108 Thomas, 25. STEWART, Mary, 76. ° St. JOHN, Elizabeth, 155. STONE, Phebe, 90. Thomas, 105. STOWELL, Aleck, 3. STOWERS, Ann, 78. Hannah, 69. STRAW, Mary, 16. STRONG, Theodore, 41. SUMNER, James, 5d. ope 13. SWALLOow, ‘Amaziah, 81. Phebe, 105. SWEETZER, Cornelius, 121. SwiFt, Nathaniel, &4. Syms, Ebenezer, 40. TAFT, Richard, 138. TAINTOR, William, 9. TALBOT, Fanny M. ie TAPLEAFE, Mary, 1 TAPPAN, Rev. Satna S., 141. TARGETT, Joseph D., 144. TAY, ‘Archelaus, 26. Betsey J., 122. Phebe, 23. Saran ae, Susanna, 113. William, 113. TAYLOR, —, 88. Abial, 22. Abigail, 5. Abra- ham, 40. Catlierine, 117, 142. Cyrus,” 26. Elizabeth, 1 Isaac, 70. Jacob, 109. Joseph, 109. Michael, 22. Rebecca, 5. Stephen, 20. Thomas, 82. TEFL, —, 121. Elbridge, 55. John, 43. TEMPLE, Benjamin, 129. Hepsibah, 26. TENNEY, Benjamin, 120. THACHER, Col. George, 157. THISTLE, Abial, 1 Hannah, 98. i sini 97. Tompson, —, 162 Abraham’ R., 170. “John, 12. Sarah, 15. Susan, 139. THORNDIKE, Dr. Albert, 103. THURSTON, Richard, 15. TIBRETTS, ‘Susan E,, 14, HISTORY OF BILLERICA. Tipp, Elizabeth, 46. John, 46. TINKHAM, George H., 73. Toop, Ruth, 76 Thomas, 21. ‘TOMPSON, James, 6, Mrs. Mary, 134. Simon, 134. TownkE, Olive, 31. William B., 173. TOWNSEND, . 164. Elizabeth, 81. Rebecca, 81. Trask, Anne, 173 Elizabeth, 173. Hannah, 142. TREAT, Mary, 124, TROWBRIDGE, Rey. Caleb, 15. Maria, 15. TRULL, Anna, 38. Elizabeth, 9. Ruth, 53. TRUSSELL, ‘Moses, 61. Turts, Call, 129. : Eliakim, 126. George, 62. Sarah, 120, Susanna, 120. TUPPER, Royal H.,, 124., TURNER, John, 135. TUTEIN, Edward G., 166. TWEED, Sally, 54. Twiss, Daniel, 132. Hannah, 94, James, 48. TYLER, John, 13. UNDERWOOD, William, 81. Upton, Paul, 164. UsuEr, Elizabeth, 135. WAIT, Mercy, 38. Mrs. Damaris, 96. WALDO, Cornelius, 17. Elizabeth, 17. WALKER, Benjamin, 26. Catherine, 161. David, 145. Elizabeth, 153. Geo. W., 145. Lucy, 78. Mary, 74. Robert, 2. a 7. Warb, —, 172. Lyman, 31. WARNER, E hraim, 22. Lizzie G., 116. WARREN, Amos, 162. Benj., 49. Frances W., 11. Hannah, 97, Isaac, 11, 162 Jeremiah, 135. Joseph, 102. Mary, 136. Roxana, 60. Sarah, 106. WASHBURN, ean ¥F., WASsoN, James P., WATERS, Mary, 162. Mehitable, 13. WATKINS, John, 149. WaAuGH, Varnun, 38. WEBBER, David, 38. Susanna, 103. 137. WEBSTER, Eleuthera, 152. Jesse, 55. WELD, Theodore, 111. WELCH, Christina G., 9. WENTWORTH, David, 19. ESSON, John, 53. ESTON, Nathan, 125. WETHERBEE, David, 66. Hannah, 16. Joseph, 12. Rachel, 115. Timothy, 105. WHEAT, Joel, 63. Victoria G., 52. WHEELER, Emma S., 52. John, 30. Joseph P., 90. Oliver, 99. Rebecca, 103. Samuel, 99. WHIPPLE, John, 89. Susanna, 89. WHITCOMB, Rosella, 103. INDEX TO GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 183 Wuite, Rev. David, 36. Emma, 134. Mary, 44. WoopBRIDGE, Rev. John, 127. Elisha, 140, Elizabeth, 24. Simon, 14. Martha, 127. Isabella H., 24. John, 83. WILLIAMS, —, 102. Woops, Hannah, 49. Joseph, 23. L dia, 8. Elizabeth, 127. Job, 123, Susan, 144. Mary, 20, 24. Moses H., 24. Rey. John, 12. Samuel, 127. Woopwarp, —, 121. Nancy, 101. Phebe, 146. WILSON, Mrs. Allen, 51. Edmond E., 122. Ephraim Samuel, 24. Sarah, 71,149. Damaris, 42. Dorcas, 68. r., 95. Susanna, 36. * | Ebenezer, 1!8. Geo. W., 16. Woopwortn, Louisa, 174. William, 24, 149. Hannah, 170, 173. Horace Wooster, Rhoda, 124. WHITFORD, Elliot, 16. N., 137. Jobn, 143. Worcerstn R, Eldad, 19.' WHITING, Abigail, 27. Rev. John, 34. Jonathan, 41, Henry, 13. John, 37, 127. 140. Lorinap, 144. Lydia, ? onathan F., 114. WHITMAN, Rey. Bernard, 31, 51,143. Mary, 3, 34, 166. ne ia, 17. Mary H., 114. 170. Snow, 61. Rebecca, 170. Rhoda, 13. Samuel, 124. WHITMORE, John, 114. Sally, 80. Susanna, 8. ior toots Susan E., 130. William H. +, 89. WINCHESTER, Mrs. Elizabeth, WRIGHT, Asa, 25. . WHITNEY, Daniel, 44. 158. Edward, 35. Elizabeth, 86. John, 95, 106. WInn, Elizabeth, 117. John, 135, 172. Jonathan, 4. Wirraker, ‘Abigail, 104. Jacob, 129. Joseph, 26, 142. Luida, 172. Mary, 15. John, 104, Susanna, 142. Miriam, 132. Molly, 86, 143. WHITTEMORE, John, 61. WINSHIP, ‘Edward, 31, 126. Sally, 100. Stephen, 70. Nath’l, 57. Mrs. Sarah, 61, Lucy, 31. Martha, 14. WYERS, ——, 26. William, 154. Samuel, 14, 28. Simeon, 2. WYMAN, ——, 170. David, 49. WHITWELL, —, 112. WINTHROP, ig John, 88. Dorcas, 38. Eliphaz, 113. William, 101. Robert C. Elizabeth H., 5. Francis, 5. WIGHT, Abial, 93. WISWALL, “Mie Isabella, 49. Henry A., 133. Hepzibah, 48. WILD, Charles R., 122. Thomas, 49. Judit 3. Mary, 121. WILKINS, George, 14. Woop, Abijah, 91. N ancy, 73. Sarah, 153. Capt. R., 164. Thomas, 31. Benjamin, 109. Caroline, E. William, 140. Timothy, 24. 122. Dgniel, 97. ‘Lydia, YANTIS, James A., 41. Bee eee 14, 87, 138. Ora, 122. Yorx«, Lydia, 146. Appenpum.—The following. interesting record is taken from the Journal of John Hull, Treasurer of Massachusetts during Philip’s war. It is kindly furnished by Rev. George M. Bodge of Dorchester, and, too late for its proper place, is here inserted :— £ os. d. 1676, August 24. Billeri ica. Towne was allowed a Rate of 145 3 9 ss ‘* credited a payment, 10817 9 2-4 Leaving a balance due . i - - 37 1 624 1676, August 24: Billerica Towne Cr. By Sundry Accepts, viz. 05 06 04 Nathaniel Hill pd as per Assignment, 5 00 12 #10 John Saunders ot F 02 14 00 Thomas Farmer ** oY 3 01 19 06 — 05 06 04 NAMES OF THOSE CREDITED WITH MIL. SERVICE AT BILLERICA— GARRISON AND TOWN. £ 3. p.- e 8. Dp. 1675, Nov. 30. John Boyd, 03 00 00 1675, Dec. (20, ne hen Coolidg, 3 06 00 ee ‘ James Poply, 03 00 00 than’! Livermore, oe 14 06 “ a Thomas Welch, 02 14 00 1675-6, Jan.25, HEIpneay Millard, 03 18 00 ee “ Joseph Dowse, 021400 ee Daniel Baldwin, O1 19 04 ol < William Chapman, 030600 ' ee Stephen Coolidg, 02 01 00 oe ee David Jones, 03 00 00 1676, Apr. 24, Francis Wainwright, 01 o 00 -“ Dec, 20, John Gale, 03 01 08 June 24, Howell Davis, 02 11 04 ae aS John Essery, 03 0. 00 of July 29, Richard Sawtell, 00 i Ot “ “ ‘Joseph Dowse, 00 07 03 ee Francis Nichols, 04 16 00 as oe Joseph Low, 03 01 08 ec as William Chapman, 01 10 00 ie a James Poply, 000600 “ John Fisk, 01 06 06 es ee John Boyde, 000500 My Edward Bishop, 00 16 00 ee s6 James Barnard, 03 01 08 fe “4 Ephraim Jones, 05 14 00 “ se James Smith, 00 17 0S “ Aug. 24, Francis Bond, a 11 00 se “ Daniel Baldwin, 08 00 00 as ears George Wyatt, 05 14 00 “ se John. Fisk, 030000 8 * Sept. 23, Francis Wainwright, 06 12 00 se “ Richard Satell, , 03: 2 00 IN MEMORIAM. As these pages are passing the press, the death is reported, at his home in Zumbrota, Minnesota, 1882, Nov. 1, of the Rev. Jesse G. D. Stearns, recently, for twenty-four years, the pastor, honored and beloved, of the Congregational Church in Billerica. It will be proper and grateful to the feelings of the people of the town, if I add here a word, now that his own eye will not rest upon it, in emphatic tes- timony to his scholarship and piety, to his fidelity as a pastor, and value as a citizen. His record may be found above. (Gen. Register, p. 141.) Billerica will hold his memory in honor. Not the mem- bers of his own spiritual flock only, but those of other folds, and all the citizens of the town, esteemed him. He commended himself to every man’s conscience in the sight of God; and while he held firmly the doctrines he preached, he held them in so generous a charity, and so large a sympathy with all men, that no one could withhold respect. He was a scholar of exceptional quality and diligence, and his preaching was thoughtful and instructive; but a rare modesty and sensitiveness in the presence of others, impaired somewhat his effectiveness as a preacher. In 1864 he was a member of the Mas- sachusetts House of Representatives, and for a number of years had charge of the schools of the town. After leaving Billerica, he served nine years in Clearwater, Minnesota. He then retired from active pastoral labor, and made for himself a pleasant home in Zumbrota. In 1877 he published a volume of 287 pps. on The Meaning and Power of Baptism, the outgrowth of a sermon and a review which had been previously issued. ‘ On the last day of October, 1881, his excellent wife was taken from him by death. A year and a day the good man lingered in his loneliness, and then suddenly, and joyfully, we may be sure, rejoined her in the home not made with hands. GENERAL INDEX. N. B.—THIs INDEX DOES NOT INCLUDE THE LISTS OF NAMES, SOME OF WHICH ARK LONG AND ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES: 13-15, 32, 3, 40, 147-9, 163, 65, 79, 80, 90, 1, 3, 4, 203-9, 13-5, 43-5, 7-51, 73, 4, 89-91, 312-14. THe COMMON FORM OF NAMES ONLY IS GIVEN, AND TITLES ARE OMITTED. A few references with this mark (t) refer to pages of the Genealogical Register. ABBOT, Blaney, 304, 7. BICKForD, Hezekiah, 303. siah, 306. Samuel, 306. Dr. David, 302. George, 90,119. William, 143. Thaddeus, 257, 303. Thom- Isaac, 254, James, 274, 304, BILLERICA, the name, 19. as, 76, 205. William, 60, 221. 7. Jeremiah, 306. Joseph, Meaning of, 296. BRUCE, George, 257. 119. Joshua, Dea. 175, 7, 83, BILLERICAY, 292-301. BUCKLEY, Dennis, vs+. 201, 230, 3, 7, 8, 303, 4, 6, 7. BIRD, Simon, 26, 8, 34, 64, 71, BUCKMINSTER, Rey. Joseph, Obed, 220. Rev. William E. 185. 267. 269, 4 BIRTHS, 27. BULKLEY, Rev. Peter, 160. Abbot's Bridge, 60. BisHop, Edward, 183.t Bunpy, Dr. Frank E. 284, 303. ADAMS, Edward A., 284. BLACK, Simon, 190. BuRGE, Jonathan, 158, 9. Thomas, 47, 49. BLAKE, Huldah, 271. BURGHSTEAD, Great, 297, 301. ALCOCKE, Palsgrave, 50. BLANCHARD massacre, 138. BURGOYNE, Gen. 246. ALDEN, Henry, 194. BLANCHARD, Henry, 302. BuRRovuGHS, Rev. George, ALLEN, Martha and Mary, 131. James, 100. John, 201, 55, 197. Thomas, 5, 50, 82, 242. 304. Joseph, 307. Samuel, BURROWS, John A., 283. AMHERST, Gen. 146, 150. 134. Timothy, 236. William, BuRT, Joseph A., 308. ANDOVER, 73-5, 90, 93, 4, 205. 143, 307, 8. illiam H. 308. BuRYinG Ground, 67. ANDREWS, Assacher, 225. BLAND, William, 257. BUTLER, Gen. 34. ANGIER, Robert, 236. Sam- BLoop, John and Robert, and BUTTERFIELD, Sergt. Jona- uel, 260, BuLoov’s FaRMES, 16, 19, 50, than, 140. Samuel, 138. ANNABLE, Sarah, 315. 62+8, 76-82, 113, 22, 4, 205, 7. Burrrick, John A., 258. ATHERTON, Benjamin, 303. BopGE, Rev. George M. 183. BYRAM, Rev. R. M., 272. Humphrey, 17. Bouonan, Peter B. 258, 308. CAMBRIDGE, 6-9, grants, 12- Backus, 269. Bonn, Francis, 183. 14, separation, 20-22, Great Bacon’s Mill, 94, 278. BonveER, William, 224. Deed, 46. BACON, Benjamin, 139. Jon- BORLAND, 125. Cann, Bayard M., 303. athan, 139, 200, 10, 20, 55, 79, BOUNDARIES, 73-86. CARLETON, Amos, 307. John, 304, 6. Joseph, 139. Josiah, BowpircH Papers, 197. 255, 79. 139, 279, Michael, 27, 111, 13, BowmRs, Andrew, 302. Ben- CARLISLE, 207, 22-5. 22. Nathaniel, 137, 9. jamin, 254, 302. Capt. 135, 7. CARRIER, Martha, 197. BAKER, Eben, 305, 7. James, 303. Jonathan, 177, Thomas, 131, 90, 5. illiam, 25. 217, 304, 6,7. Josiah, 216, 29, CARTER, Rev. Thos. 159, 60. BALDWIN, Cyrus, 257. Dan- 33, 7,8, 308,6. Martha, 271, CARYL, Rev. Benjamin, 260. jel, 183.¢ Henry, 305. John, William, 303, 4, 6. Crwnsus, 310. 25, 7, 31, 2, 4, 6, 7, 44, 59, 65, BowEs, Rey. Nicholas, 181, CHAFFIN, Rey. Nathaniel 0., "7, 88, 94, 110, 54, 257-8, 304, 5, 254. 269. 7, 8 Thomas, 306. Wim. 236. Boyp, John, 183.t CHAMBERLAIN, Aaron, 101. BALLARD, William, 90. BoyDEN, Mrs. 113. Daniel, 201. Edmund, 195. BALLOU, Eliza, 132. BRACKETT, John, Peter, and Edward, 26. Isaac, 110. John, BARNARD, James, 183. Capt. Richard, 26,7, 110-14, 200, Mrs. Rebecca, 196. Reu- BARRETT, Stephen, 307. 185. ben, 305, 307. Samuel, 139. BARRON, Isaac, 101, 307. BRADDOCK, Gen. 145. Thomas, 10, 11. William, 11, Samuel, 139. BRADDON, Miss, 295. . 17, 22, 4, 7, 44, 65, 110. Barry, Rev. William, 257. BRADSHA, Mrs. Martha, 46. CHAMPNEY, Daniel, 14, 189. BATCHELDER, Josiah, 303. BRADSTREET, Dudley, 75. John, 27. Elder Richard, 13, BATCHELLER, Seaborn, (not BRANCH, Isaac, 254. 17-26, 31, 41, 83, 94. Saim'l, Salome), 46. BRATILE, Thomas, 48. 25-8, 41, 4, 59, 65, 88, 185. BATTERS, Mr. 48. BRATTLEBORO’, 143. CHANDLER, Rev. James, 181. BAYLY, Sir John, 300. BRAY, Mrs. Ann, 127. Rey. John, 181-3, 254. BrAN, Joseph, 255. BRENTON, William, 44. Thomas, 75. BEARD, Abijah, 241. Ebene- Bricz, Thomas, 300. CHAPMAN, William, 183. zer, Jacob and John, 222% Brinece, Col. Ebenezer, 229- CHARNESTAFFE Lane, 89, 113. Josiah, 241. 38, 44, 74. Rev. Ebenezer, CHELMSFORD, 75-82, 91, 114, BEDFORD, 218-20. 261. Thomas, 189. 56-8, 217-24. BEECHER, Lyman, 270. BRITTAN, Mary, 236. CHESTER, Col. Thomas, 301. Beers, Lt. Richard, 83. William, 236, 41. CuuRcH [of Cambridge] farm, BELLINGHAM, Gov. 16, Brooks, Rev. Edward, 260. 40, 1,92. BELLS, 177, 8. Timothy, 27, 95, 111-14, 22. CLARK, Johh, 134. Thomas, BELVIDERE, 103. Brown, Caleb S. 307. George, 17. BENNETT, Mrs. Joshua, 315. 201, 304, 6. Hiram C., 308 CLEAVELAND, Rey. John P., " Library, 173, 316. Jacob, 25, 31-3, 65,75. Jo- 271. 506 . HISTORY OF BILLERICA. COCHECO, 126. DUDLEY, Joseph, 136. Thom- FOSTER Dudley, 258, 304, 5, 7. Coaern, Rey. Jacob, 257. as, 1, 3,4, 7, 10-12, 16, 16. Isaac, 236, 7. Joseph, 110, 3, COLBURN, 114. John, 139. | DUDLEY Farm, 23, 4,7, 30-3, 22, 39, 76, 212, 303, 6. Sergt. Cosy, Rev. Nathaniel L. 272. 56. Thomas, 26-8, 37, 59, 64, 6, 7, CoE, Samuel, 48. DUMMER Fort, 143. 92, 3, 6, 8, 110, 1, 3, 33, 85, 6, Coxuins, Edward, 9, 25, 30, 41,DUNKIN, John, 111, 27, 86, 200, 90, 3, 305. . 83. William S., 284. 12, Mary, 128. Fox, Rev. John, 172. Cotson, George F., 307. Is- DUNSTABLE, Grant of Land Fox Farm, 41. rae] A. 307. there, 47,8. Attacked, 127, Fox Hill, 211. CONCORD, 76-82, 219, 23, 5. 140. FRENCH, Charles W. 307. Ja- ConcorD Road, 89. DUNSTER, Pres. Henry, 9, 18, cob, 26, 70, 111, 3, 70, 212, 36, CONVERSE, Edward, 6, 8. 15, 20, 1, 80, 41, 65. 55, 404, 5, 6. John, 13, 17, 23, Capt. James, 81, 2, 127. DURRENT, (Durrant, &c.,), 65, 74, 93, 5, 111, 12, 21, 200, CONWELL, Russell H., 285. Abraham, 223. John, 58, 60, 12, 21, 305. Jonas, 242, 255. Cook, Francis, 307. Paul, 233. 5, 185, 96, 211. Jonathan, 143. Joseph, 27, Sears, 306. Dustin, Hannah, 135. 66, 110, 66, 210, 66, 85. Rich- COOLIDGE, Stephen, 183.t Duron, Benj., 127. James, ard, 13, Sarah, 27. Thom- CoorER, Rev. Warren, 270. 139, 40. Mrs. Joanna, 128. as, 221, William, 13, 17, 22- CORNELL, Peter, 222. John, 110, 77, 201,11. Thom- 8, 31, 2, 5, 44, 58-62, 5, 7, 89, Corton, Rev. John, 1, 119,61. as, 110,22, 7, 87, 200, 11, 74. 94, 96, 110, 55, 58, 77, 252, 92, GowELL, Edward, 48. Eames, John, 305, ‘Robert, 301, 4-6. CRADOCK, Mathew, 3. 186. Frost, Benjamin, 175, 7-9. CROE, John, 22. EASTE, Benjamin, 238. Daniel, 221. Ebenezer, 140. CROMWELL, John, 43-6. Ol- Eprs, Jobn, 241. Edmund, 221. James, 27, 68, iver, 57, 162. EDUCATION, 252-9. 79, 96, 110, 212, 305. John, Crossy, Ephraim, 306. Hen- EA, Rev. Benjamin, 271. 143. Joseph, 221. Samuel, s B05. ezekiah, 256, 306. ELIoT, Rev. John, 104-9, 18, 68, 110, 26, 33, 68, 303. eremiah, 307. John, 307. 317. | Thomas, 210. Joseph, 176, 212. _ Josiah, ELLIOTT, George M. 185, 92. FRoTHINGHAM, Hon. Richard, 142-4, 257, 305, 7. Leander, George P., 305, 7. 235, 8. 307. Michael, 305, 7. Na- Emerson, Rev. Daniel, 261-4. FRYE, John, 90. Jonathan, than, 144, 200, 12. Oliver, EssERY, John, 183.+ 141, 254, Rev. Mr. 260. 239, 55, 303, 4,6. Simon, 25, EVERETT, Ichabod, 307. FULLER, Andrew, 197. 7, 60, 9, 92-4, 110, 13, 29, 39, EXETER COLLEGE, 295. GALE, John, 183.t 68, 70, 1, 6, 85, 88-96, 304, 5. FARLEY, Ebenezer, 202, 211, GALLAWAY, Rev. James, 269. Solomon, 142. Timothy, 325. Geor e, 11, 5, 7, 22, 4, 7, 31, GALUSHA, Samuel, 142. William, 303. 2, 8, 41,4, 58, 9, 63-71, 82, 9, GARDNER, Henry, 233. CumINGS, Rev. Henry, 227,33, 94, 5, 111, 3, 53-6, 85, 201, 69, GARFIELD, Capt. Benjamin, 7-40, 60-8, 303. Nathaniel, 79, 305. J oseph, 177, 212. 81. Note on family, 132. 142 Samuel, 15. Timothy, 112, GILMAN, George C. 270. CURRENCY, Continental, 240. _ 202. 2 GLEASON, William, 41, 271, CURRIER, William, 241. FARMER, Albert E. 283. An- 305, 7. CUTLER, Mrs. A. B. 99. Rev. drew, 223. Daniel, 143. Ed- GLOBE Hill, 37, 94. Robert, 254. . ward, 28, 110, 31, 70, 90, 5, 9, GoDFREY, Lt. Simon, 150. Damon, Rey. Norwood, 269. 200, 11, 39, 46, 64, 302, 4. 5. GorrEg, Edward, 20, 1. DANE, Rey. Francis 160.’ Jeremiah, 304, 7. John, 45, GOOKIN, Capt. Daniel, 9, 17,8, DANFORTH, Lieut. Elijah, 239, 129, 30, 7, 9, 40, 4, 201, 12, 56, 23, 6, 30, 1, 41, 59, 64, 6, 104, Jesse, 241. Jonathan, 5,14, 306. Richard, 221. Sam’l, 9, 17, 8, 65, 96. 17, 22-7, 31-5, 40-9, 51-3, 8- 142. Thos., 110, 39, 183,f 221. GORMAN, Francis, 258. 60, 4, 5, 8, 70-9, 82, 7-94, 6-9, FARNHAM, Timothy, 303. GRADUATES, 302. 100, 3, 7, 8, 10-17, 20, 1, 3, 6,7, FARREN, Rev. Wm. A., 272. GRAHAM, John, 254. 33, 53, 8, 70, 2, 4, 84, 5, 90- FARWELL, Joseph, 76. GRANT, William C, 258. 203, 11, 16, 92, 303-5. Josiah, FASSETT, Josiah, 139, 50, 201, GREEN, David, 150. Capts. 255. Rev. Samuel, 160, 77. 20, 79, 306. Patrick, 198,9. John and William, 132. Samuel, 201, 11, 16,20. Thos. Samuel, 200, 2. GREENWOOD, Moses FP. 271. 41, 42. Dr. Timothy, 230, 3, FAULKNER, Francis, 257, 80, GR#Y, William, 303. 7, 8, 303, 6. 8 George, 303. James, GRimEs, George, 28, 195. Wil- DANIEL, Richard, 26, 8, 41, 88, 308. James R., 258, 81, 307. liam, 137, 9. 93, 5, 106, 10, 11, 14, 69, 75. Luther W., 258. Richard, GROTON, 98-100, 15. DavIDsoN, Nathaniel, 151. 281. GURNEY, John, 33, 6. Davis, Benjamin, 255. Hi- Fisu, Rey. William H., 270. HAIve, (Hale), William, 26, 8, ram 5.285. Howel,183.{ Jo- FiIsHER, Joshua, 84, 5. Ste- 34, 58, 65, 97, 185. seph, 41, 177, 211, 306. Josh- phen, 189. HALL, John, 59. Richard, 221. ua, 333, 7, 42, 306. Philip, Fiske, John, 183.} Rev.John, Samuel, 221. : 299, Simon, 76. Tobias, 11. ath 56, 9, 60. HAMLET, Jacob, 110. Wm. 13, DAvy, Humphrey, 83. 4, 127, Fircu, Benjamin, 278. Sam- 25-27, 32-5, 64, 91, 8, 110, 55, 304. uel, 28, 139, 201, 20, 306. 85, 269, 305. DExTER, George M. 275. Rev. Fitcn’s Mill, 94. HAns, Charles, 225. Henry M. 156. Samuel, 303.FLETCHER, Charles N. 283. Harpy, Ebenezer, 223, 5- DinsMORE, Thomas, 220. Rey. Clifton, 270. Francis, HARRIS, James, 300. DISMEMBERMENT, 218-25. 76. James, 113. Robert, 89. HARTWELL, Mrs. John, 254, 6. eee Hugh, 139. Thomas, LANE, eee 267. Capt.HARVARD College, 9, 41, 8, 15. omas, 150. 192. Farm, 41. Dork, Rey. Theodore H. 269. FLoyD, Daniel, 305. fiaceirmne, Saniel and Ste- DowsE, Joseph, 183,f 270, 307. FORBUSH, Jonathan E, 270. phen, 221. Norr.—The primary paging of the historical part is here resumed, the number being added of the pages which have intervened, in the Genealogical Register. GENERAL INDEX. 507 HASKELL, Rev. John, 271. | Jkrrs, Henry, 11-7, 22, 4, 7, Lowpon, Richard, 117. HASSELL, Joseph, 138. Rich- an 2, 4, 44, 59, 62, 68, 70, 4, 5, Lyrorp, Rey. Edward 'T. 270. ard and. Benjamin, 126. » dor, 110, 27, 39, 85, 212, LyNDE, Col. Joseph, 132, 3. HAVEN, Rev. Joseph, 271. 33.7 - Joanna, 127, John, MACE, Joseph, 250. HAZEN, Hon. Abraham D., _ 110, 211. MANLY, Francis E., 270. 307. Rev. Henry A. 268, 71. J. EETS’ Cove, 92, MANNING, Benjamin, 250. Eli- HEALD, Benjamin H., 307. JENKINS, Thomas J., 307. halet, 221. Ephraim, 201. Josiah, 225. - JOHN, (Indian), 65. saac, 256. Jacob, 242. Jona- HENCHMAN, Col. Thomas, at JOHNSON, Edward, 8, 16, 42-9, than, 101. Joseph, 254. Lu- 99, 100, 6, 14, 18, 25, 9, 87, 96, 9. 82. Elizabeth, 197. John,, cinda, 101. Samuel, 26, 7, 37, Henry, John, 225. 90. Mather, 196. Obe, 194." es 110, 1, 70, 86, 9-95, 211, 3047 HERRICK, Zenas, 305. Stephen, 75. Themes 90. 7. Theophilus, 281. ‘Thomas, HERSEY, Rev. P., 272. JoNnES, Antho: 221. William, 101, 50, 306. n HIDE, Jonathan, 13, 26,7, 110. David, 183.+ Te rctater: 183.¢ MANNING Tavern, 134, 275. ADE James, 76. Rich- Isaac, 271. Joseph, 256. MANSFIELD, George E., 276. ard, 9 JUDKINS, Benjamin L., 307, 8. mes Mary, 126. Roger, ie Charles H., 281, 305. Henry B., 303. 119. Daniel, 139, 212. E enezer, KEMP, ‘Samuel, 25, 8, 64, 5, 922, MARLAND, Abraham, 280. 16. Frederick P. 268. Geo. 154, 85, 8. MARSHALL, Isaac, 306. John, W. 308. Job, 256. John, 97, KENDALL, Jacob, 220. Reu- a os 1 31, 2, 6, &, 44, 65, 92, 189, 42, 77, 306. Jonathan, ben, 233, 306. 8, 111, 13, 26, 54, 85.” Thom. 79, 110, 39, 70, 85, 90-4, 212, Kent, Rev. Evarts, 271. as, Val 42, 81, ”305, 7. Joseph, 101, Keys, Solomon, 100, 41. MARSHALL’S Lane, 92. 212, 26, 5, 49, 303, 4, 6. Na. KIDDER, Amos, 223, 5. Ben- MARTIN, Christopher, 304. than’l, "od, 100, 10, 39, 65, $3, jamin, 220. Dorothy, 27. Mason, Augustus, 304. Da- 85, 93, 4, 212, 305: Paul, 155. Enoch, 101, 72, 6, 211, 18, 29, vid L., 307. Hugh, 117. Peter, 255, 306. Ralph, 11, 3046. Ephraim, 201, 12, 21, Mass. Hist. Soc., 41. 7, 9, 22-7, 31, 41, 4, 59, 62-9, 306. Francis, 142. ‘James, MASSACRES, 127, 9. 71, 4, 5, 82, 8-91, 7, 8, 107, 10, 25-7, 31-40, 64, 7, 88-98, 110- MATHER, Cotton, 126, 9, 33, 74. 11, 13, 21, 8, 37, 9, 54, 5, 6,68, 3, 85, 305. John, 110, 223, 44. Tnerease, 119. 80, 5, 94, 8, 201, 8, 29, 30, 3,6, Jonathan, 255,303. Joseph, MEARS, Nathan, 307. 52, 92, 301, 4, 5, 6 Samuel, 138, 221, 303. Samuel, 236, MIDDLESEX Canal, 273. Turn- 212, 38, 306. Sylvester, 305. 306. Thomas, 304, 6. Wil-_ pike, 27 William, 143. liam, 279, 306. MILL Swamp, 195. Hiuv’s Bridge, 101, 2. Kine, Samuel H., 271. MILLARD, Humphrey, 183. HINSDALE, Col., 143. KINSLEY, Samuel, 25, 7, 33, 7, MILLER, Rev. John, 16, 70, 152. Hoar, Hon. E. R., 285. 58, 65, 90. Mis and Manufactures, 278- Hoses, John C., 270, 307. KITTREDGE, Daniel, 201, 20, 82. HOLDEN, Amasa, 307. Dana, 21, 44, 306. Ebenezer, 293. MINERAL Company, 211. 305. Francis, 221. Jacob, 304. MINISTRY lot, 215. HOLMAN, Seeth, 180. James, 218, 21. John, 26, 8, MITCHELL, Rev. Jonathan, 12, HOLYOKE, Pres., 262. 38, 60, 2, 5, 6, 110, 39, 95, 221, 30, 41, 94, 160, 98. Prof. Mo- Hoop, J. W., 304. 304. Jonathan, 141. J oseph, ses C., as Rev. Thomas, 1, 2, 221, 306. Rufus, 304. Thos. Monroe, ‘Aaron, 225. George and William, 221. A., 304. Joseph, 223, 5. Josh. HoPKINe, Hoard 22, KLUHT, Rev. Alfred, 299. ua, 224, 5. athan, 224, 5. Horns, Jane, 300. KwnicuHrT, Rev. Benjamin, 270. MONTCALM, 145, 6, 50. HOSLEY, J: ne 178, 201. KNOWLES, John, 305. MORANT, 296. HosmMER, Dr. Charles E., 304, LAND Divisions, 31-41, 208-15. MoRE, Golden, 14, 25-8, 31-5, Leander, i LANDERS, Rev. L. P., 272. 66, 8, 94, 110, 55. Houe3a, 77, 9 LANE, Albert C., 304. J ob, 28, MorRILL, Rev. Mr., 261. Houston, Joseph, 254, 5. 41, 99, 111, 2, 4, 7, 39, 66, 76, NASON, Rev. Elias, 92, ae 316. Howk, Dr. Z adok, 257, 8, 305. 95, 220, 304-6. "J obn, 38, 79, NATICOTT grant, 42-4, 317. HowE School, 258. 100, 29, 35-42, 70, 2. au 6, 7, 200, NEEDHAM, John, 117, 37, 9, eae HUBBARD, Thomas, 26, 7, 34, 11, 20, 64, 304, 6. Mary, 138. 202, 12, 21, 304, 6. Wnm. 3 7,119. William H., 304. LAWS, William, 255. NEIL, Robert M., 270, Hupson, Hon. Charles, 142, JAWYERS, 202. NELSON, Jeremiah, 138. HUNT, Jeremiah, 221. John, LEARNED, Isaac, 10, 11,27. NICHOLS, Francis, 183. t 137, 9, 221. Jose h, 221. Pe. LEVISTONE, ‘Alexander, 130. NICKLES, George, 224. James, ter, 142, 221. Samuel, 117, John, 28, 128, 30, 212, 21. 225. John, 236. Joseph, 225. 33, 4, 7, o, 42, 76, 200, 17, 20, Ttearets Mary and Sarah, NomMPHOW, John, 105, 23. 1, 55, 306. Seth, 221. Thos., 130. NOWELL, Increase, 5, 79. HuUNT’s Garrison, 182, 4. ie, Benjamin, 233, 2, 306. NUTTING’s pond, 64, 9, 317. HIURD, Isaac, 304. James, 234, 303-6. OAKES, Edward ‘and Thomas, USSEY, Rev. Christopher C., LEXINGTON road, 94. 9, 12, 41, 4, 94. 269, 85. Linsy, Mary E. A., 308. OAKES farm, 212, HUTCHINS, Col. Elisha, 81. LIBRARIES, 315, 16. ODIORNE, William H. 258, 307, HUTCHINSON, Nathaniel, 225. LINCOLN, Rev. Varnum, 272. OsBORN, ‘Mrs., 173. Gov. Thomas, 227. LIVERMORE, Edward L., 257. OSGOOD, Benjamin, 143, 4, 9. INDIAN Hill, 107, 317. Nathaniel, 183. Christopher, 134, 278, 9. Da- INDIAN uames, 316. Locks#, Joseph, 257, 303, 4. vid, 306. Elizabeth, 177. INDIANS, 103-47. LoEs Plain, 33, 92, +. John, 75, 90. Joseph, 225. Tron, Edward, 58. LONGLEY, William, 129. Stephen, 221. JACKSON, Edward, 17, 42. LORD, Rev. John M., 271. Epeeey Rev. Hezekiah, 257. Thomas, 299. LOUISBURG, 142. PAGE, Christopher, 220. Jas. JAQuITH, Abraham, 222. LoOvEWELL, Capt. John, 141, 37, 94. Nathaniel, 139, 76, 94, Franklin, 282, 5, 308. o- 254 5, 212, 19, 20. seph, 307. Timothy, 256. Low, Joseph, 183.+ PAINE, Thomas, 40. 508 HISTORY OF BILLERICA. PaRrkeER, Abraham, 79. Ben- J. B., 257. Jacob, 239, 304, 6.S£4ARKWEATHER, Rey. John, jamin, 67, 185, 6, 212, 24. _ James, 118. John, 307. John 271. Chas. H., 308. Daniel, 303, O., 282. Jonathan, 139. Jo- STEARNS, Edward, 219, 36. 4. Frederic A., 303. Gard- seph, 143, 303. Josiah, 76, Isaac,139, 79, 212, 19, 306. Rev. ner, 113, 258, 305,7. James, 256. Josiah B., 307. Nath’l, Jesse G. D., 258, 71, 305, 10, 1, 7, 22-5, 90, 9, 115, 53, 8, 177. Oliver, 307. Stephen, 184.f Johun,11, 7, 22-8, 31, 2, 87. John, 17, 22-8, 32,7, 41- 137,9. Thomas. 27, 8, 41,93, 44, 59, 66, 70, 1, 89, 117, 39, 42, 8, 50-2, 7-9, 62-71, 4, 8, 82, 8- 110, 39, 42, 93, 4, 9, 210, 2,79, 65, 70, 7, 201, 12, 55, 304-6. 93, 8, 108, 53-5, 85, 6, 94, 212, 304, 7. William, 307. Josiah, 303. Nathaniel, 281. 33, 6, 7, 78, 92, 304-6. Jos., RIGHTS; acre-lots, 54, 208, 15. Hon.Onslow, 285. Rev. Sam- 89, 114. Levi, 225, 50, Mo- Roaps and Bridges, 87-101. uel, 257, 66, 7. Sewall, 307. ses G., 258. Nathaniel, 225. RoBBINS, Jonas, 225. Thomas, 200, 12. Timothy, Robert, 17, 22, 4, 7, 31. Sam- Roars, Artemas, 303. Dan- 303. uel, 263, 81. Stephen, 256, iel, 110, 17, 31. David, 211. SrepMAN, Jonathan, 254. 63. Stephen H., 284, 9, Rev. Ezekiel, 152. John, 25, STEPHENS, Joseph, 306. Capt. PARRIS, Kobert, 138. 8, 31-5, 44, 65, 71, 89, 91,4,110, Phinehas, 143, PASSACONAWAY, 104, 5. 28, 30, 54, 66, 85, 97,256. Jo- STEVENS, Henry, 143. PATERSON, James, 25, 8, 33,6, siah, 305, 7. Micajah, 303. STEVENSON, Andrew, 28. 7, 56, 62, 5, 110-3, 7, 54,85, 97. Nathaniel, 110, 17, 211, 21. Stewart, John C., 284. PATTEN, Aaron H,, 271, 81. Sam’, 202, 42, 78, 307. ‘Thom- STICKNEY, Abraham, 150, 221. Abel, 303. Asa J., 284. Jer- as, 110, 28, 30,1, 93,212. Wil- Dan’l, 225, 33, 6, 7, 306. Jon- emiah, 304, 7, John, 221, 55. liam, 256. Zebadiah, 233., athan, 234, 8, 9, 306. Wil- - Kendall, 139, 78, 221. Na- Ross, Margaret, 130. Sarah, liam, 140, 72, 227, 31, 3, 6, 7; thaniel, 212, 21. Thomas, 141. Seth, 177. Thomas, 111, 308, 4, 6. 25, 6, 62, 5, 110, 11, 13, 65, 85, 30, 7, 9, 77, 212, 306. Rev. STONE, Rev. Livingston, 269. 278. William, 14, 22, 5, 31,2, William M., 272. STouGHToN, Hon. William, 5, 7, +4, 94, 211, 45, 50, 304, 6. RUGGLES, Benjamin, 254. Jo- 182, 96, PATTENVILLE road, 94. seph, 279, 80. Rev. Samuel, SUMNER, Thomas, 305. PAuGUS, 141. 163, 72-82, 201. SWALLOW, Jonathan, 225. PEACOCK, Samuel, 221. RUSSELL, Rev. Thos. C., 270. SWEET, Rev. John D., 270. PEMBERTON,: Ebenezer, 257. SANDERS, Jobn, 183,f 212. SWEETSER, Cornelius, 307. PERIHAM, Benoni, 139. SARGENT, Rev. Jedediah W., SWINE, yoking, 66. PERRY, Obadiah, 126. 270. TAHATAWAN, John, 123. Persons, Edward H., 285. SATELL, Richard, 183.t TALBOT, Charles P., 279, 81. PEETERS, William, 134. Scor, Benjamin, 60. Thomas, 258, 72, 9, 81, 5, 305. PrtTTES, Rev. Samuel, 269. SEERS, John, 88. ‘rauBor Library, 316. PETTINGELL, Walter J., 282. SELECTMEN; Instructions to, TARBELL, David, 142. Thom- PuiLrw’s War, 107-12. 61; list, 305, 7. as, 139, PHYSICIANS, 302. SEWALL, Judge, 136. Rev. TAVERNS, 188, 96, 275. PICKARD, John, 138. Samuel, 257. Stephen, 197. Tax Lists, 165, 93, 4, 203-7, POLLARD, Asa, 226, 38. Jon- SHADE Trees, 67. 47-51 athan, 242. Joseph, 140. Sol- SHATTUCK, Mr., 218, 20,54. TAY, Grace, 27, Nathaniel, omon, 230, 3, 4,9. Thomas, SHAWSHIN House, 6, 15, 186. 196. William, 25, 7, 32-5, 55, 92, 139, 40, 212. SHED, Agnes, 128 Mrs. Ann, 65, 6, 9, 71, 93, 4, 6, 155, 66, Popiy, James, 183.t 127, 8. Benj. 175, 7, 201, 306. 85, 304, 5. PorrER, Rev. E. G. 292. Daniel, 26, 8, 32, 7-58, 65, 70, TEMPLE, Christopher, 126, POPULATION, 309, 10. 89, 110, 27, 8, 200, 51. Han- Rey. J. H., 148, 4, PosT Offices and Masters, 307. nah, 128, 31. John, 110, 7, TEWKSBURY, 207, 20. POULTER, John, 25, 6, 32, 3,5, 35, 70, 7, 212, 305. Mary, 131. THoMPsoN, Dr. A. R., 257. 65, 90, 113, 22, 85. Nathan, 211, 21. Ruth, 199. Robert, 196. PrEscOr’, Col., 238. Zachery, 127, 8, 212. Wil- TuursToN, Rev, James, 269. PRESTON, Geo. H., 303. Mar- liam, 224, Tompson, Benjamin, 175, 7, shall, 257, 8, 69, 303-8. SHELDON, John, 26, 32, 5, 8, 304, 6. Joseph, 26, 7, 36, 9, Proctor, Rev. George, 272. 44, 90, 117, 76, 85, 95, 212, 305. 60, 74, 5, 9, 80, 100, 10, 14, 17, PULSIFER, David, 156. Samuel, 177, 306. William, 21, 6, 36, 70-2, 6, 99-9, 200, 12, Putnam, Rev. Benjamin, 270. _ 32, 58, 62, 9, 278. 53, 4, 303-5. William, 142, Israel, 212, 20, 38. SHERMAN, John, 73, 84,5, Jo- 230-77 41, 304, 6. Pye, Sir John, 28, seph, 76. TOOTHAKER, Margaret, 27, RAILROADS, 275-8. Simon, (Negro) 170, 1, 215. 130, 1, 97. Roger, 26, 7, 60; RANALLS, 166. SKILTON, John, 256, Thomas, 71, 91, 110, 28, 30,1, 66, 85, RANDALL, Rev. Geo. W., 270. 303. 96, 7, 212, 41, 55, 304. Timo- RANGEWAY road, 214. SLAVES, 170, 309. thy, 238. RANLETT, Capt. Chas. A., 113, SMrra, Coburn S., 307. Jas., TORREY, Rey. Charles C. 271. 276. : 183.t William, 254. Town Officers, 304-7. RATES, basis of, 55, 187. SOLDIERS, lists of, 139, 47, 183, TRULL, John, 27, 31, 65, 7, 110, Rawson, Edward, 17. 243, 86. Monument, 284. 85. Samuel, 91, 111, 66, 201, Recorps of the Town, 51-3, SpARITAWK, Edward, 260. 1, 184, 216. SPARVEL-BAYLY, J. A., 297, TRULL’S Cove, 92. REDING, Miles, 58. - 9. TRUMBULL, Hon. J. H., 316. REED, Capt. William, 177. SPAULDING, Amos, 258, 70, TUCKER, Samuel, 258. Revieious History, 153, 83, Asa, 225, 33, 306. Benjamin Turr’s Lane, 92. 260-72. A., 3038. Edward, 139, 224, TUTTLE, Calvin G., 285. REMKENS, John, 11. 70, 307. Henry, 139. Job, Tue Two BROTHERS, 4. REVOLUTION, The, 226, 47. 224. Jonathan, 225. Leon- TYNG, Jonathan, 81, 100, 24, 5, RveYNER, Rev. John, 25, ard, 224, Thomas, 224, 305,7. 35-8, 99. Rick, Henry, 305, 7. SPEEN, James, (Indian) 195, TyTHINGMEN, 189. RicHARDSON, Andrew, 137, 9, SPENCER, William, 3. USHER, Hezekiah, 304. 77, 221, 306. Ebenezer, 242, SprAKE, Isaac, 101. Nicholas, WABAN, Thomas, 123. 56. Francis, 257, 307, Col. 279.” ; “WAINWRIGHT, Francis, 183.4 GENERAL INDEX. 509 WALDRON, Richard, 125. WHITING, Augustus, 303. 36. Thomas, 27, 185, Ste- , WALKER, Benjamin, 139. Mrs. Elizabeth, 158, 60, 62. ven, 185. Dudley, 305. Jacob, 139,77, Rev. John, 136, John, 140, WILLOW SPANG, 93, 306. Joseph, 15, 27, 95,110, 61, 72, 221, 303. Rev. Joseph, WILMINGTON, 222. 31, 68, 70, 95, 8, 0, 304, 5. 172, 308. Oliver, 53, 7, 10), W1LSoN, Daniel, 305,7. John, Reuben, 143, Hon. Timothy, 26, 76, 201, 303-6. Rev. Sam- 127, 68, 79, 98-9, 270, 18, 20, 257. uel, 26, 31, 47, 56, 7, 65, 9-71, 78, 304, 5. WAMESIT Precinct, 218. Pur- 110-4, 7,20, 36, 8, 53-74, 86, 92, WING, Rev. Otis, 210. chase, 217. Reservation, 103. 263. Samuel, 257, 304-7. WINNING’S Pond, 282, 317. Road, 91 WHITMAN, Rey. Bernard, 257. WINTHROP, Goy, John, 1-5, WANALANCET, 104-7, 17, 18, George H., 253, 303, 5. Rev. 12, 5, 30-41, 94, 199. Mrs., 5, 24. Nathaniel, 257, 66-9. 7, 30, 7, 67, 103, 4. Fitz John, WARREN, William W. 315, 6. WHITMORE, William H., 99. 41, 99. Stephen, 7. Wait, WARRICK, John, (Indian), WHITNEY, Job, 260. 124, 5. 108. WHITTEMORR, James, 308. WINTHROP Farm, 28, 64, 212, Wes, Christopher, 28, 33, 60, WHITWELL, William, 260 19. Mrs. Winthrop’s farm, 5, 6, 94, 305. John, 99. WILDE, Rev. Zenas P., 270. 5, 216, 8, 20. WELCH, Thomas, 183.t WILKINS, John, 218. Nancy, WITCHCRAFT, 196. WELD, Rev. Thomas, 5, 30,47, 261. Timothy, 223. William, WoBURN, 82-6, 205, 7. 50. Farm, 48, 59, 79. Gar- 263, 304. WriaGut, Hon. Carroll D. 309. rison, 138. WILLARD, Josiah, 143. Rev. | Edward, 271. WESTBROOK, Thomas, 141. Samuel, 115. Major Simon, WYATT, George, 183.¢ WHEAT, Joseph, 275. ! 6, 16, 42, 3, 62, 3, 72, 6-9, 81, WYMAN, Amos, 256. Francis WHEELER, John, 76, 89. 103, 11-5, 8, 20, 45. and John, 27, 41, 65, 6, 82, 3, Thomas, 115: Timothy, 83. WILLIAMS, Thomas, 100. . 5, 8, 120, Nathaniel, 236. WHIPPLE, Mathew, 28, 139. WILLICE, George, 14, 16, 31, Seth, 141. WHITE, Elizabeth, 182. ADDENDA. FINAL. Page 41. The last paragraph but one is in error. Capt. Gookin re- ceived 50 acres west of the Wyman and Cham dney farms; Oakes had 150 acres, (see Land Grants, vol. I. p. 204), which probably included Bedford Springs. Page 46, line 2, read Seaborn not Salome. Page 93, last line but one, for *+ willow spangs,” read *‘ willow’s pangs.” : Page 129, after reference ** 8." insert ‘+ Lane Papers.” Page 148. Insert a * after Joseph Harris. He died at Fort Edwards, 1758. Page 149. Insert a * after Ephraim Kidder. Page 149. Insert Shed, Nathan.* He died 1756, May 24. Gen. Reg. page 12*. BLANCHARD. 1. JOHN. Susanna, who m. J. Farwell, was not his sister. Gen. Reg. page 170. BENNETT. For ‘*d” read ‘*b.” “6 4 page 180. MANN, Sarah; read 164. Nore.—I add here the substance of a note, omitted by oversight in a more suitable place, referring to certain interesting early sur- veys of portions of Billerica. The Massachusetts Historical Society has a survey of the town, which was placed in its archives by John Farmer. It was made by Jonathan Danforth, about 1660, contains no highways or houses, but gives streams, and a few of the larger farm lines. This is the ancient plan referred to in the record of Jonathan Danforth, (page 35.) Iam happy to here to recall the remark there made as to its disappearance. Peter E. Vose, Esq., of Dennysville, Me., has kindly furnished me with a survey of Mr. Daniel’s farms, (the Church and Champ- ney farms), which came into his hands from the Cooper estate, Thomas Cooper having been attorney of Mr. Daniel, in the man- agement and sale of his farms, after his return to England in 1680. This survey is of much interest, and shows that land speculation is not modern. I propose to deposit it in the care of the Historical Society. A good copy will be placed in the Bennett Library. Mr. Merton Simonds, of Bedford, has favored me with the use of papers from the estate of an uncle, who was a surveyor. They include a chart of Billerica, drawn, as internal evidence shows, about 1760, which gives the important minor farm lines in the Biller- ica portion of that town. This, with Mr. Simonds’ approval, will also be placed iu the care of the Historical Society. And in the of- fice of the Secretary of State are preserved Danforth’s survey of the Naticott grant of 8000 acres to Billerica, aud the survey, accompan- ying the report of the General Court’s Committee in 1701, by which the controversy with Concord and Chelmsford was adjusted. [See page 82. ] é Tees Peigsern Levgiiih woite pial het es ve cy sis bee. eS arenes a oe ek Sint ene partes ra ‘ ee at : vile ca i ieee Praia rar Bea) pean. ities ey : bons me —— Benen oe : en ' ate aren SRiSee eine