YAMS RIAR Dice NER ECan OE EER "er Pe a Oi ak Be LY i Pee CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Corn i ‘ i ca te OVE IS A G) fans Sa His Hicuyess CHAMRAJENDRA WADEYAR BAHADUR, G.C.S.L, MAHARAJAH OF MYSORE. His Highuess Chamrajendra Wadeyar Bahadur, born 22nd February 1863, was adopted by the late Maharajah, His Highness Kristna Rajah Wadeyar Bahadur, G.c.s.1., on the 18th June 1865, and was installed on the throne on the 23rd September 1868, the reins © of Government being assumed by His Highness (on attainment of his majority) on the 25th ee. March 1881, when the direct control of the British Government in the affairs of the State ceased. His Highness was married in 1878, to Her Highness of the Vani Vilas, and has 2 issue, Princess Jayalakshmammanni born 10th March 1882, Princess Krishnajammanni born é 8 4th June 1883, Prince, Krishna Raja Wadeyar born 4th June 1884, ( ° Fred. Ahrlé, Photographer. v ne wes es ao ty os PO TT : a 3e CP EOS EOS ECSU SS GE RCo MI OOS HOON =. ras weds : , = % a2 CHARLES EDWARD RIDGWAY GIRDLESTONE, Ese., 8.0.5, c. ! OrrictaTinG British Resrpent. Born 19th June 1839; entered the Indian Civil Service 30th August 1862; arrived in India, 29th January 1868 ; after holding several appointments and receiving Government of India’s and Secretary of State’s acknowledgment of services, and subsequently the thanks of the Government of India for a report on 4 _ Kashmir, was appoigted Officiating Resident, Nipal, 19th April 1872; confirmed | as Resident, Nipal, 18th February 1873 ; Officiating Resident of the Ist Class in Mysore and Chief Commissioner of Coorg from 2nd June 1886 to 26th May 1886, Gr, S Cea ED SOE ID . THR MAHARAJAH’S TOUR BEING A NARRATIVE OF THE ROYAL PROGRESS en | HIS HIGHNESS CHAMRAJENDRA WADEYAR BAHADUR, 6.0SL, vo “MAHARAJ oe OF MYSORE: "THROUGH THE eutane PORTION OF HIS DOMINIONS, FROM NOVEMBER 1885 TO JANUARY 1886. IS WITH sa THE PERMISSION OF HIS HIGHNESS THE MAHARAJA, | RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED TO HIM BY JAMES “WILLIAM HAYES, SENzOR, | ABYOCATE, CHIEF COURT OF MYSORE. BANGALORE: ‘PRINTED BY RICHMOND F. HAYES, AT THE DAILY POST AND EXAMINER. PRESS, A887, | ¥ if ‘Y e 7 ts 3 i s uw waee: i, el \ abe aah / icy weryyrae a BOSS So ABA iB AR Rie 4 5 ! " ; . = x a 72 5 say Po t eres - 5 at a wes My rv ee & AS tis oe Fae “A fe Soe ne t PREFACE. o) The account of His Highness’ travels which is given in the following pages was written by a native correspondent for the Bangalore Daily Post and appeared in successive issues of that paper. As the tour was one which excited much public interest, it being the first made by the Maharajah after his accession to the throne, it has been deemed desirable to make a more permanent record of it by offering the narra- tive to the public in book form, with a few portraits of the principal persons who accompanied His Highness and illustrations of some of the beautiful scenery through which the Maharajah passed. The group at Koppa and a few other photos were taken by the Maharajah himself. Necessarily, the accounts of the several stages and the official narrative connectcd therewith occupy a prominent part; and further statistics are supplied relative to the several places which were visited and of the surrounding country. The whole has had the benefit of being revised by an Officer who belonged to the former Mysore Commission and who is intimately acquainted with the people and the country. Such other details have been added as were wanted to complete the work, so that it might prove of utility to the tourist, as well as to the general reader. The undersigned is also much indebted to Rice’s Gazettcer of Mysore, to Bowrig’s Eastern Experiences, and Iergusson’s History of Indian Architecture for extracts which are given. r - 2 7 a 7 . . : vf > x The narrative, as emanating from an intelligent Native gentleman and expressing his views of men and things, will, it 1S hoped, prove of special value to those who take an interest in the study of Native character and customs. The Native State of Mysore presents itself as one deserving of particular interest, as it is the first in which the experiment has been tried, and it is hoped successfully, of governing a Province on purely English principles for a lengthened period, and then handing it over to its Native Prince, who is aided by a purely Native Agency in its administration. For this reason, the several speeches, though rather numerous, made by the Dewan at His Highness’ command, in reply to addresses, have been given at full length as possessing a particular significance ; and while illustrative of the ability of the Minister and the kindly feclings of the Sovereign, shew clearly the desire on their part to study the requirements, and meet the wishes of the people. Such tours together with the Representative Assemblies which are now held annually at Mysore are beneficial, in maintaining that touch which is so essentially needed between the governing and the governed. ‘The results of the tour have been to expand the views of His Highness, to give him a fuller know- ledge of the distant parts of his dominions, and to bring him in close relation with his people and thelocal officials. His courteous manner and noble bearing have done much to cement the strong feeling of loyalty and affection which is borne to his person and to the throne of the ancient dynasty of Mysore ; while the information he has acquired in all matters of detail and the regard he has dis- played for the good and advancement, of his people augur favourably for their future welfare, and for the liberality of the administrative measures which are expected to follow. Bancatore, ‘‘ THE GRANGE,” | J. W. HAYES, Sr. dlst December 1886. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19: 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. LIST OF PLATES. His Highness Shamrajendra Wadeyar Bahadur, G. C. S. L, Moaltarajah: OF Mypoveaccnssuis sussadannasndsescanscaeacves Frontispiece. Charles Edward Ridgway Girdlestone, Esq., c.s., Officiating British Resident 2.0.06 ccsscesscconeceses seser coctes opposite. do. Chine hare sine tionsans wine: eae oh aelneemmeedmonne between pages 2 and 3 View neat KOdipat cise sscisesaccarvnnatscasasonte do. 4, 65 Kumarapuram Seshadri Iyer, Esq., B.4., B.L., Fellow of the Madras University. Dewan to H. H. the Maharajah of MONE cast enaiew Ganclngnusgoantanecusineten do. 8 , 9 Prince Subramanya Raja Urs. ..............-0068 do. 10 , View of a European Coffee Estate............... do. 12 ,, 18 View of a Native Coffee Estate ...............046 do. 14 ,, 15 SPIEL, 2 scsaa aonjiageotnedeaepridansana gue tenclanennies do. 16 ,, 17 Negapatam Ramarow Vijayendra Row Esq., Chief Secretary to the Dewan............ 18 ,, 19 TivGhehallt sceseueqrarniveneres eee ee do. 20 ,, 21 KE 90 Va sass cee Siw vgn pote VnclanesiaSeasaian oan: pee do. 22 ,, 28 His Highness the Maharajah’s Camp at Nagar do. 24 4, 25 Major George Matthew Martin, Private Secre- tary to His Highness the Maharajah ... do. 26 ,, 27 Arepur Basappaji Urs, Military Bakshi........ do. 28 ,, 29 Gersoppa Water Falls ...............c::cceeeeeee eee do. 30 ,, 31 Percy Hugh Benson, M.B. 2.1... ....ceceeeee ereees do. 32 ,, 33 The Drag and Team used by the, Maharajah, On Tie SUP sas eensciscigaraven mania sues do. 36 ,, 37 The Drag and Team used by. Mr. C. E. R. Girdlestone, British Resident .......... do. 40 ,, 41 The Maharajah on his favourite elephant Ot Mae SWHI” a ccnias sovavevevosieddacomedaiinn do. 46 ,, 47 View of the Main Street, Chickmagalur........ do. 56 ,, 57 Courtyard of Temple, Belur ................:.08 do. 60 ,, 61 Ruined Kedaréswara Temple, Halebid......... do. 64 ,, 65 A. Narasimiengar, Durbar Bakshi............... do. Bg View of the Fort at Chenrayapatna ............ do. 76 4, 77 Dipdan or Sacred Light at the Temple of Stave Boleol a seseec sscvastevscnnwcnanesanes do. 78 4, 79 ‘e NARRATIVE OF THE ROYAL PROGRESS MADE By His Highness The Flaharajah of Mysore THROUGH THE WESTERN PORTION OF HIS DOMINIONS, FROM NOVEMBER 1885 TO JANUARY 1886. About six years ago, in 1879, His Highness the Maharajah CHAMRAJENDRA Wanveyar Banapur, G.C.S.1., made a tour through his province, in company with Sir James Gordon, K.C.S.1., (the then Chief Commissioner and Guardian to His Highness), Mr. W. J. Cuningham, (General Secretary), the late Mr. C. V. Runga- charlu, O.1.E., (Revenue Secretary, since Dewan), the late Colonel W. R Johnson, R.E , (Chief Engineer), and Mr. W, Porter, M.A. (Tutor to His Highness). This was prior to the Rendition, so that although His Highness had travelled through portions of this part of his country once before, the Royal progress, which forms the subject of the present narrative, is the first one he undertook since he ascended. the throne. A programme of the proposed tour, extending over some 650 miles of country, was first prepared and the necessary instructions to the officials in the Districts through which His Highness was to pass having been duly promulgated, it was announced throughout the province that the Maharajah would leave his Capital (the ancient city of Mysore) about the end of November 1885. It was arranged also, that the party to accompany His Highness should consist of the Dewan, Mr. K. Seshadri Iyer ; Prince Subramanya Raj Urs; Bassappaji Urs (Mili- tary Bakshi); Major and Miss Martin; Dr. and Mrs. Benson; Mr. R. Vijayendra Rao (Chief Secretary); and Mr. A. Narasimiengar (Assistant Commissioner in waiting, since made Durbar Bakshi). Mr. C. E. R. Girdlestone, Officiating British Resident, on hearing that His Highness intended making a tour, proposed to accompany him, to which His Highness ae assented, and it was finally settled that Mr.’and Mrs. Girdlestone and Miss Black, (Mrs. Girdlestone’s niece) should , join the Maharajah’s Camp at Sakleshpur in Manjarabad. , Fripay, 27th November 1885, North West to Arkalgud. Accordingly, the first miove was made on Friday, the 27th November 1885: the hour named for starting was 6-30 a.m. and just before that time the Dewan drove up to the Palace, equipped for the journey. It was about 7 o’clock, when the Maharajah appeared, and after a few hasty.greetings, got into the carriage, accompanied by the Dewan, Subramanya Raj Urs, Bakshi Bassappaji Urs and Mr. Narasimiengar. A salute of 21 guns was fired from the Fort battery, as the cortege left the Palace. The escort consisted of a Rissala of Silladars, and the Body Giiard, and, as the party emerged from beneath the gateway, it formed quite an Oriental picture. , The entire absence of the usual posse of fol- lowers, native music, and other Porseos pageantry, so ordinarily displayed on such occasions by Native Princes in their movements beforé the public, and the choice and elegant equipage now adopted, so befitting the dignity of his exalted ‘position, indicated at the very first glance, the enlightenment and refined taste of - this promising young Sovereign of a Native State. “Thanks to the early training, 2 1 z education, and fostering care bestowed on the Prince under the direction of the paramount power, who may be deservedly congratulated on the marked. success which has attended their praiseworthy efforts. The first stage, to Arkalgud in the North-West, was 59 miles distant via Yelwal, Yedatoré, Chunchankutté and Ramnathpur. Yelwal (nine miles) was reached at about 8-10 a.m. Here a relay of horses was in waiting. Zn passant, it ' may be mentioned that at this place there is a magnificent mansion or country house in extensive grounds, built by the late Hon’ble Arthur Henry Cole, (brother of the Earl of Enniskillin), who was Resident at Mysore for more than twenty years. It is a fact worthy of being known, that this gentleman arrived in Mysore with an Irish servant and a portmanteau; and that he returned, after 20 years, with the same Irish servant,'the same portmanteau, and nothing else. He was held in high estimation and had endeared himself to the Court and the people of Mysore. -He was one of the old type of Anglo-Indian officials who were famed for their lavish expenditure in hospitality. Fond of sport himself, he trained up the late Rajah to be a genuine lover, and noble patron, of sport. The fine Residency, with two wings, which was built by the late Rajah, is on the design of Mr. Cole’s. paternal mansion in Ireland. Its noble park, once well stocked with deer, hares, and partridges, is now overgrown with lanthana; and solitude reigns in the halls which often resounded with the merry laughter of numerous guests. There is: still a quaint little library in preservation and a few sofas of George the Third’s pattern. His Highness has also a country seat at Yelwall, which he visits occa- sionally. It was originally the residence of the late Doctor Magrath, the former Durbar Surgeon. ‘Yedatoré was reached. at 10 a.m. Crowds of people turned out to look at their Maharajah, and a somewhat tastefully designed pandal was erected just outside the town. Yedatoré is one of the principal towns on the Cauvery and the head-quarters of the Taluk. It derives its name from the bend to the left (yeda/ made by the river (tore) at this point, which invests it with peculiar sanctity. The town lies low and is very unhealthy. There is a large temple of the ordinary Hindu style of architecture. Much rice is grown on the banks of the Cauvery and the substantial character of the houses indicates that the people are in prosperous circumstances. : The next place stopped at was Chunchankatté, a small village situated on the right bank of the Cauvery, where the river falls 60 feet in a picturesque cascade. Above the falls is an anicut, with a back facing of stone, constructed by Chikka Deva Raj Wadeyar and stretching across the river. The dam is built at a short distance from a narrow gorge, and a few hundred yards above the Chun- chan falls. The Ramasamudrum channel led off from this dam has a course of 26 miles, feeds the large Wadeyarpur tank on its way, and ends near the Réamana- kere tank above the town of Yedatoré. ‘Chunchankutté is considered to be a place of great sanctity by the Hindus, who hold a large festival there annually, in the month of January. It is estimated that about 20,000 people attend this festival. Near the opposite bank of the river is the large and important village of Saligram. At 1-80 p.m.;the party started for Ramnathpur. The road lay through a rich though somewhat uninteresting country, cultivated chiefly with rice and _ tobacco. Ramnathpur was reached at about 4-15 p.m. The Cauvery river, which,’ at this place, is wide, had to be crossed, but excellent arrangements were made for ‘aro RaURg™ ‘reydersojyoyg ‘uMoIg “1p “9 4q poy es oo TIC WO Jolepy 4q poyoiys lye "3 Ahis purpose by the erection of-a ‘platform on two dug-otts, over which a. prettily decorated canopy was fixed. On reaching the other side of the river, the feeding of the shoals of sacred fishes by the Brahmins was witnessed : amongst these fishes, which are perfectly tame, were seen one or.two enormous «mahsecr, estimated to: weigh from 50 to 60 lbs. From the bed of the river, a magnificent broad flight of stone steps leads up to.an ancient Hindu temple. There is a great annual festival. held at this place which is frequented by thousands. Ramnathpur was left’ at 5-45.p.m. The road passed over an undulat- ing country composed of rich red arable soil and well adapted for the growth of trees with which the road is lined.. Roads. made in the days of Colonel W. Hill (when he was Deputy Commissioner of the Hassan District) to connect the neigh- bouring. villages with the high road were met with on the way. And it would be well for the communications with the interior, if-such roads were made in other’ parts of the country also. The villages in these parts are well suited for the growth of the areca palm. The gardens which were passed seemed to have suffered much from the drought in the famine years. About four miles from Arkalgud, it became quite dark, notwithstand- ing the wonderful meteoric showers which seem to have been noticed all over’ Southern India, on that evening. Torchbearers, or as they are called Mussalchees, were posted here and ran along with their lighted torches. Some nine or ten thousand people were assembled at Arkalgud to welcome His:Highness. They had come from all parts of the Taluk and from the surroundmg country. It was a pleasing sight to watch their eagerness to get a glimpse of the Maharajah.. The main street of the town was prettily illuminated, and one handsome pandal, , extending from his house across the road, had been erected by Venkata Krishna Chetty, a leading merchant. The Maharajah and his party descended from their carriages to inspect the interior of the Chetty’s house, which was most tastefully decorated. The camp was at the end of the main street, on a rising ground overlooking the tank, which was illuminated by floating rafts. The school house, prepared for His Highness’ reception, was also brilliantly illuminated with colored lamps. _Arkalgud is a town situated 17 miles south of Hassan. It is the head- _ quarters of the Taluk and has.a Municipality. The population consists of about ~ 4,000 souls, of whom the Hindus number 38,500, the rest being Mahomedans and Jains. This place is said to have been originally called Arkapuri, which means city of the sun, owing to Gautama rishi having there performed penance to that luminary. He also set up the image of Arkesvara, the erection of whose temple is attributed to a Chola king.” The present town was founded about a.p. 1568 by Krishnappa Nayak, one of the Aigur Chiefs, who changed the name to Arkul giidu, abode of the sun. It was captured by Kanthirava Narasa Raj of Mysore in 1647 and subsequently by Sivappa Nayak of Ikkeri. In a.p. 1694 it was again besieged by Chikka Deva Raja and finally annexed to Mysore. The town is well drained, as much attention has been paid to its sanitation for years past, Saturpay, 28th November 1885, North West to Sakleshpur. Arkalgud was left at 6-30 a.m. On leaving the town and passing the Fort, which is now in ruins, the road branches off towards Coorg. From this point, entering the Malndd (or hilly country), the country is more mountainous and wood- § 4 * ed, and the beautiful forest scenery affords ‘a pleasing contrast to the monotonous tracts of raggy cultivation through which the road had hitherto passed. The officials, in their picturesque costumes, were assembled at the Coorg frontier, where a pretty arch, bearing the inscription ‘‘ Welcome to Coorg,” was, erected. Though not under the Mysore rule, the Coorgs seemed to vie with their neighbours in pay- . ing homage to the Maharajah: they ran after his carriage for miles in the most enthusiastic manner. Kodlipet, the chief town of that part of Coorg, was reached about 9 a.m. Here Mr. Ganapathy, the head Coorg official, waited upon His Highness and presented a bouquet of magnificent flowers of the Michela Cham« paka, Having crossed the small portion of Coorg which projects into Mysore, and which formed a portion of it in the days of Hyder and Tippoo, the Manjarabad Taluk was entered. Here, were assembled a large number of Gowdas and Patels who are a fine, manly race, very superior in point of physique to those of the plains. Their usual dress is a black cumbly, with red fringe, passed round the body and fastened over the left shoulder, leaving the right arm free. The waist is girded with a similar article, or with a cloth, generally dark blue with a white stripe. The turbans: are mostly white or dark blue, with a small gold edging. The labourers have a similar dress of coarser material, and usually wear a leather skull cap. All classes carry a knife, and few’are without a match- lock or musket. Groups of Malndd women were also present, with their pretty dress and ornaments peculiar to this part of the country. The scenery now was very picturesque. The principal beauty consisted in the wonderful contrasts which presented themselves to the sight. Scenery, stern, rugged and precipitous was admired where met, while the beauty of the scene was greatly enhanced by lovely glimpses of lawns and woods resembling ’ the softest features of an English aks The Royal party, after remaining at Shukravara Santé (a village where a weekly fair is held every Friday) for breakfast and luncheon, resumed their jour- ney to Sakleshpur at 3-30 a.m. Mr. Girdlestone and his Suite had already arrived there, on the morning of the same day, from Hassan, and were received by the Amildar and other Officials. Pandals with inscriptions ‘Rule Brittania,” and ‘‘Wel- come our popular Resident”, were erected on the Bridge and entrance to the Town. At about 2 o’clock p.m. the people began to move towards the ‘direction in which His Highness the Maharajah was expected. The palanquins from the temples and the Gowdas in their national costume, were very noticeable. The desire evinced by some of the wealthy Gowdas to change their national costume for that of the Brahmins was a novel feature, denoting the effects of education and desire for improvement in social habits which now seem to permeate Native Society, extending to even such remote parts of the country: notwithstanding that, in respect to health, their own woollen garments are best suited for the cold and damp climate they live in, His Highness the.Maharajah and Suite arrived at half past five p.m. Garlands and Nazars were presented, and the Royal party drove on to the Trayeller’s Bungalow, in the compound of which the tents of the encampment - were pitched and where His Highness was met by the Resident and the Deputy Commissioner Mr. G. F. Meiklejohn, and the Sub-Division officer Mr. T. Ananda Rao (a son of Rajah Sir T. Madava Rao). Sakleshpur is a small town situated on the right bank of the Hemavati which means the golden river, also called in Kanarese the Yenneholé, oily or. shining, “UINIeYL “WW "D TOLER by we peqoqzeyg “q0pesueg. dh 2 — aie " ‘soydeasojoyg ‘umorg “4 °O 4 5 ° river. This river is one of the chief tributaries of the Cauvery and it is said that in ancient times gold was obtained from washings of the soil in its bed. The town is the head-quarters of the Munjarabad Taluk and owes its importance to the spread of coffee cultivation, for the'traffic coniected with which the Hemavati has been spanned at this goint by an iron girder bridge for the road which leads down the Munjarabad Ghat to the seaport of Mangalore on the Western Coast. The town derives its name from a Hindu temple situated on the bank of the-river and dedicated to Sakalesvara (Sakala Isvara, the universal Isvara). Sunpay, 29¢h November 1885, Camp Sakleshpur. Early this morning, His Highness, the Resident and the whole party, drove to the foot of the Manjarabad Droog, to see the famous Fort, now in ruins and distant about three miles. The climb to the top, though somewhat steep, was easily accomplished. The Fort, which, in olden days must have been almost impregnable, is built in the shape of a star, and a plan showing this is to be seen on the roof of the main gate. Mr. Runga Row, the Assistant Engineer, conducted the Maharajah over the Fort. While on the way, His Highness was pleased to converse freely with some of the respectable Gowdas of the place. This Fort was built by Hyder Ali, who ordered the name of the country to be changed from Bal- lam, its ancient name, to Manjarabad, or the land of the mist. Below the Fort is a picturesque Mahomedan tomb covered with moss ; also a tomb with an inscription— “Here lies Onslow Groves, Esq., Captain, of the Pioneers, killed the 30th April 1800,” He fell in the suppression of the insurrection which took place under the Poligar after the capture of Seringapatam. From the top of the Droog, there is a, magnificent view of the surrounding country, extending from the lofty range of the Baba Boodens in the north, to the prominent peaks of Coorg to the south. | The party returned _to their encampment at Sakleshpur at about 10 a.m., and at one o'clock p.m. in the afternoon, a Durbar was held for the European ‘Planters, among whom were present, Messrs. G. Anderson, B. Mockett, Edwin Hunt, James Hunt, A. B. Boyd, A. K. Gildea, T. C. Goldsworthy, J. M. Macphail, A. R. Park, A.M. Elder, J. G. H. Crawford, W. Galiffe and others. These gentlemen, on behalf of the South Planters’ Association, presented the Maharajah with the following address :— ‘¢ May ir PLEASE YouR HIGHNEss. . We, the European residents of the Southern Malndd, desire to welcome Your Highness with an expression of our sincere good wishes, on this, the occasion of the first visit Your Highness has made to the hill country of Mysore. We remember with pleasure the former visit of Your Highness to the Hassan District, and a promise then vouchsafed that at an early opportunity a tour should be made through the more picturesque portions bordering on the Ghats, and it affords us the utmost satisfaction to find, that Your Highness is now giving effect to a resolve then kindly expressed, to become more intimately aequainted with this interesting and extensive locality, and to acquire a personal knowledge of the measures necessary or desirable for promoting the welfare of its inhabitants. 2 We most respectfully wish Your Highness every pleasure, enjoyment, and comfort, during this journey, undertaken with a view of forming a right judg- 6 ment as to the political and industrial requirements of the country, and we venture to hope that the impressions formed may be of such a favorable nature as to create a desire annually to return and honor this District with Your Highness’ presence. We feel sure that the cordial greetings and expressions of good-will which Your Highness will everywhere receive, coupled with the enjoyment of ovr beautiful scenery and the bracing climate at this season of the year, will add much pleasure to the journey, and will in the aggregate tend to render the . Malndd, with its European and indigenous inhabitants, m some way worthy of the considerate regard which Your Highness has always been pleased to accord to them, and which has prompted Your Highness to confer the distinguished honor and compliment we are now so gratefully acknowledging. We have the honor.to be, | Your Highness’ most obedient servants, For the Members of the South Mysore Planters’ Association. Epwin Hunt, President. A. R. Giupea, Honorary Secretary.” ~ . Mansarapap 29th November 1885. ; The Maharajah replied as follows :— ‘¢ GENTLEMEN : I thank you most heartily for the Address with which you have present- ed me. It is deed a source of great pleasure to me to redeem the promise to pay a visit to the Manjarabad country, which I made to you six years ago, but the earlier fulfilment of which had not been possible till now, owing to more press- ing demands upon my time. Now that I am amongst you, I hope to be able to learn from personal observation, the requirements of the Planting community whom you represent, as well as of the general body of the indigenous inhabitants. I need hardly add that the interests of the European Planters will always receive great consideration from my Government, for, in them I recognize a body of gentlemen who play so important a part in developing the resources of the country, and in introducing Western civilization into these wild and inaccessible regions bordering: upon the Western Ghauts. The reception accorded to me by the people of these parts has deeply moved me, and I assure you that though separated from my Capital by a long distance, their interests as well as yours—which, I am sure, are both identical,— will have my constant attention. * i * Gentlemen—I very much enjoy the wild and picturesque scenery which surrounds your mountain homes on every side; and I thank you most heartily for the cordial welcome you have given me, as well as for your good wishes.” ‘ The European Planters having taken leave of His Highness, proceeded to wait upon the Resident, whilst the Maharajah held a Native Durbar, when Mr. Ananda Rao, with the assistance of the Amildar Mr. Narasimiengar, presented several Native Officers, Planters, Merchants; and Gowdas. . At the conclusion of 7 * a * e the Durbar, Mr. Manjayyar, B.A., approach the Maharajah and on behalf of the people read a Canarese Address, which may be summarised as follows :— ‘We, the people of Manjarabad, being far away from the Capital, are not familiar with the manners and customs of the Royal Court, and beg Your Highness’ indulgence for any discrepancy in our conduct. bet Sakleshpur was long praying to God for a Royal visit and has been ‘highly gratified at those prayers having now been granted. This we consider a manifestation of God’s readiness to grant our sincere prayers. Just as Your Highness’ Royal father’s name has been remembered here in connection with His late Highness’ visit to Subramanya, so will the visit of Your Highness be remembered and be handed down to generations yet unborn. Although this place is a small one, yet it is important, inasmuch as at several times, Munsiff’s Courts and Sub-Divisional Offices under the designation of Munjarabad Munsiff’s Court and Munjarabad Sub-Division Office have been held here. We are extremely proud of Your Highness’ Royal presence and wish your Highness long life and prosperity.” The Gowdas and Merchants assembled at the Durbar further represented, that in the event of the Kadur District being formed into a separate Coffee District, the Munjarabad Taluk should be attached to the Hassan District, as formerly ; that instalments for payment of revenue should begin from January—they now begin from December, which is vety inconvenient, for crops will not have been cut in December ; that Amildars should be empowered to dispose of Civil cases, up to 100 Rs.; that repairs of tanks and channels costing under 200 Rs. should be carried out by the Taluk authorities ; that Hulbani (pasture land) sales should be abolished in the Malnad ; that right of occupancy should not be sold by auction ; that if there be trees on a piece of land for which application is made, a price for such trees should be fixed and the applicant be given the land for that price; and that the Sessions Judge should be empowered to receive—when he comes to Hassan for Sessions—Civil, Original and Appeal Plaint Petitions, and fix the dates for hearing them during the next quarter. His Highness then spoke to the Dewan, who rose and made a reply to the effect, that he had His Highriess the Maharajah’s commands to express his great pleasure to have met them; that on the reconstitution of the Hassan District Manjarabad would be attached to it; that the importance of altering the present system of instalments for payment of revenue was fully recognized by the Govern- ment, who however are obliged, in the present state of the Finances of the Province, to continue the existing system for some years longer; and that the question as to whether the Malnad requires a special Hulbani system as well as the proposal that when the District and Sessions Judge comes to Hassan he should do civil, in addition to his criminal, work, will be considered by the Government ‘ in due course.” The Dewan concluded by adding, that although the people of Manjarabad were residing far away from the Capital, yet His Highness’ Govern- ment would always bestow the utmost attention in watching over and promoting their interests. After the customary salutations, the Durbar was brought to a close. 8 * At 5-30 p.m. His Highness, the Resident, and the whole party:moved out in procession. The streets were densely crowded. Everywhere, inscrip- tions and mottoes in golden letters were visible: near the Taluk Cutcherry “ ‘Ten thousand hearty welcomes”: in front of the shops ‘‘ Welcome Illustrious Maha- rajah,” ‘God Bless our Beloved Maharajah,” &c. The Iron Girder Bridge over the Hemavati was then inspected: about twenty minutes were spent in examining the various parts of the bridge. Thence, the party were conducted to an elaborate and gorgeous pandal, the credit of having designed and erected which, is due to, the Amildar, Sheristadar, Mr. Sreekuntiah a Coffee Planter, and other Native gentlemen, who exerted themselves greatly, notwithstanding the very short time they had to do the work in. The Royal Party took their seats at first, on the northern side of the pandal, and witnessed a fine display of fireworks; afterwards, on the Eastern side, to witness the ‘‘ Suggee” or famous harvest dance of the Malndd ryot. The scene was very striking and was greatly enhanced by the torches and lights of various colours exhibited in the back grounds. The wonder to the spectators was, as to how the dancers avoided injuring cach other whilst they kept flourishing about their naked swords so wildly. One gentleman suggested that this dance with its performers would elicit great applause if they could be bodily transported to the then coming Indian and Colonial Exhibition in London. The dance being over, His Highness expressed his satisfaction to one of the leading Gowdas and took his seat on the dais with Mr. and Mrs. Girdlestone on his right, while the Dewan and other officers were on the left. Garlands and betel leaf were distributed and the party returned to the encampment. Many triumphal arches were erected all over the Town, and all along the road. Among others, one put up by the Firm of Messrs. N. Venkatachellam Chetty, Sidda Gowda, and Co., called forth expressions of satisfaction from His Highness to Mr. Subbaiya, a member of the said Firm, when. he presented his offerings of fruit and flowers. In addition to those whose names have already been mentioned, Mr. Meiklejohn (Deputy Commissioner), Mr. Ananda Rao (Sub-Division officer), Mr. Krishna Iyengar (Police Assistant Commissioner), Mr. Achyutha Rao (Assistant ’ Surgeon), Mr. Sreenevasa Rao (Amildar of Hassan), Mr. Venkatavardiengar ( Acting Amildar of Chickmaglur), Mr. Kashviengar (Amildar of Belur Taluk), Mr. Venkatachela Naidu (Hospital Assistant), Messrs. Syed Ameer Ali and V. A. Coelho (Native Coffee Planters), and others, were in attendance. People had come from all the neighbouring villages, as well as, from distant places, such as Hassan, Belur, and Chickmaglur, and altogether, Sakleshpur had a very good gathering, such as was seldom seen at any previous time. Monpay, 30th November 1885, North to Mudgere. Early this morning His Highness, the Resident, the Dewan and the whole party, left for Mudgere, a distance of 23 miles. When Mr. Narsimiengar the Amildar, and his Sheristadar presented garlands, His Highness expressed his great satisfaction at what had been done at Sakleshpur. : At about 8 o’cloek a.m., the Maharajah arrived at the Hemavati river which forms the boundary line of the Kadur District. The water was low, not KUMARAPURAM SHESHADRI, IYER Ese, 8. A. BL 7 Frettow or THe Mapras University, Dewan to H. H. toe Manarasan: or Mysore. Born Ist June 1845. Graduated in Arts 1866 and in Law 1876. Entered Mysore Service, October 1868. Appointed Assistant Commissioner, July 1876 Officiating Comptroller of His Highness the Maharajah’s Household, October 1878. Deputy Commissioner and District Magistrate, Tumkur District, 1879. Appointed. Dewan to His Highness the Maharajah, 12th February 1883. Fred. Ahrlé, Photographer. eq 9 ‘ more than a foot and a half deep. The carriages were driven through ; the Maha- rajah himself drove up to this point, after which Doctor Benson took the reins as far as Mudgere, where His Highness was met*by Mr. Raghavendra Rao (Assistant Commissigner), Mr. Krishna Iyengar (Police Assistant), Mr. Seetharama Rao (Exe- cutive Engineer), the Amildar, and others. A few European Planters were pre- sent, among whom were Mr. and Mrs. Rolland; also, a number of Merchants from. Mudgere. The Resident, accompanied by Mrs. Girdlestone and Miss Black, pre- ceded the Maharajah by about an hour and were accompanied by Mr. Ananda Rao. The Malndd country, over the greater part of which the journey lies, . surrounds the Kadur District. Mr. Meiklejohn accompanied the Maharajah from Munjarabad. At Jogahully in the vicinity, the Gowdas erected a very neat pandal, decked in pure white, with here and there a fringe of scarlet. The Gowdas and their wives attended in large numbers. On the departure of the Maharajah, the whole of the Gowdas and their wives continued to follow His Highness, as if they had not had seen enough of him. The Maharajah thereupon very considerately slackened his pace and allowed the throng to gratify their curiosity., One incident took place which may be chronicled: a Gowda, inspired apparently with too much religious zeal, threw himself down in front of the Maharajah’s carriage shouting aloud that the goddess of his village was sister to Chamundy, the tutelary goddess of Mysore, and that consequently something'should be done for his village. The Maharajah graciously condescended to inform the Gowda, that he was aware of the relationship when he had made up his mind to visit these distant parts of the Province. This answer seemed, to quiet’ the excited feelings of the Gowda, who moved out of the way, not without betray- ing another motive he had, for he immediately asked for a present. After a very pleasant drive of 24 miles in a carriage drawn by a pair of horses, the roads being hardly wide enough to admit of a four in hand, Mudgere was reached at 10-30 a.m. The Maharajah occupied the Travellers’ Bungalow, while the other members of the party occupied tents, the nearest being that of the Dewan. The Camp was situated on a fine open knoll commanding a beautiful view of the surround- ing country, the peaks of Jamkulbetta and Kalasa standing out conspicuously. The Durbar Pandal by the side of the Travellers’ Bungalow bore an inscription “Long live the Maharajah.” Other Pandals were erected in the town, one by Daood Saib a native planter, and another by the Lubbays in front of their shops, at which the usual presentations of Nazar, &c., took place. A few native planters who awaited. the arrival of the Maharajah were introduced to him. In the evening, the whole of the party assembled in the Durbar Pandal; in the iniddle sat the Maharajah, immediately behind him the Dewan, and. supported on either side by the Resident and the ladies of the party. AI the officials and townspeople were introduced by Mr. Narasimiengar, Assistant Commissioner in waiting on the Maharajah. There was a fine display of fireworks with which the Maharajah was so well pleased that he ordered a present to be given to the yrotechnist. The evening’s proceedings terminated with the “ suggee” dance, which is considered quite a treat amongst the Malndd Gowdas, but to all others, it seems rather a grotesque performance. The Maharajah then retired for the night. Turspay, 1st December 1885, North to Kottigehira, On leaving Mudgere, His Highness expressed himself pleased. with all the arrangements made by Mr. ak Rao for his reception, and added that it 10° would afford him pleasure to see Mr. Ananda Rao again at Bailur on the return journey. Precisely at 6 a.m. the horn was sounded for all to be in readiness to continue the journey. After a short drive of 114 miles Kottigehdra, at the head of the Bhund Ghat, was reached between the hours of 8 and 9 A.M. The road from Mudgere to Kottigehara was lined at intervals with pandals erected by the people of the different villages, the inhabitants of which turned out: en masse to meet the Maharajah. At 2 o’clock in the afternoon, the whole party repaired to the hill of Thoravaygudah. The ascent was somewhat steep and the heat made it rather trying, but all this was more than amply repaid by the scene which burst in view on arriving at the summit, when, the Maharajah, through a telescope, saw the waters of the glassy sea glittering in the sun, and lost in admiration, he could not help clapping his hands. On every side, hills of various shapes and sizes, stretched far away into the horizon and presented a wonderful spectacle of wild sublimity. To the west, in the far distance towered the well known mountain “ Kudaremukh” (so called, from its resemblance to a horse’s face), 6215 feet above sea level, whilst below lay the Bhund Ghat. Towards the south, the plains of Canara stretched away for miles, bounded by the sea which glittered in the sunlight on the line of the horizon: To the east, lay the valleys of Kottigehara and Mudgere, surrounded by wooded hills, with a background of distant peaks and mountains. In the afternoon, Mr. and Mrs. Girdlestone and Miss Black joined the party and all were thoroughly delighted with the many lovely sights which here presented themselves. ; Wepnespay, 2nd December 1885, North East to Balé Honnur. At about 6 o’clock a.m., the Royal party started for Balé Honnur.’ The morning was cold and there was a heavy Scotch mist in the valley, Theroad, though in good order, was steep and winding, and driving down in a well filled brake was anything but an easy task for His Highness. Mr. Girdlestone and his party met with an accident, the carriage they drove in having been upset and its occupants thrown out, but fortunately no one was much hurt. His Highness pulled up and took the ladies on to Balé Honnur, which place they reached at 10 a.m., the distance being 23 miles, and passing through a hilly and wooded tract of country. Here, the Maharajah was, as usual, warmly welcomed by the assembled crowd, and was escorted to the Camp, where he spent a quiet morning. The Bhadra river was rather full and rapid, and the party had to be taken across on a platform erected on ferry boats. ‘The scenery at the ferry was very charming, and the river affords good. sport to lovers of rod fishing. In the afternoon, a visit was paid to a fine Mutt, three miles out of town. His Highuess and party rode on elephants in the cool of the evening, The party were received with due ceremony, and returned after an exchange of courtesies. The return by torchlight formed a picturesque scene, the procession being headed by the nautch girls and temple servants, with their curious musical instruments, ,. sacred umbrellas, and banners. . Tuurspay, 3rd December 1885, Camp Balé Honaur. This day was spent in a shikary excursion. The party started at 10-30 AM. and drove out six miles to a river, where elephants and coolies were in readiness to é PRINCE SUBRAMANYA RAJ URS. Born October 1859; of the old Historical family of Bettada Kotté elder brother of His Highness the Maharajah ; married May 1878 ; in constant personal attendance on His Highness the Maharajah, Fred. Ahrlé, Photographer. rp : carry them into the jungle. Muchans were erected at different points. Thesd were occupied patiently for a couple of hours, but though seen and heard by some of the party, the bison refused to be driven into the magic circle. The party then wended their way homewards after a pleasant though unsuccessful day. _ in the heart of the village a fine pandal was erected welcoming the Maharajah, and in the compound of the Travellers’ Bungalow, stood the Durbar tent where all assembled in the evening and there was an exceedingly good display of fireworks. Fray, 4th December 1885, North to Koppa. His Highness held a short Durbar in the morning’ before starting for Koppa 26 miles distant. Just before reaching Sullabile (12 miles from Balé Honnur,) is a lovely pass, where thickly wooded hills overhang the river Mur- gaddi, which rushes over the rocks several feet below the road. Koppa was reached at 10 a.m. The Travellers’ Bungalow, which is situated about a mile and a half out of the small town, was nicely decorated and in readiness for His Highness’ reception. ‘The Camp was pitched near it, on a fine open stretch of maidan. A’Durbar enclosure, erected directly in front of the Bungalow, was one of the most artistic and handsome structures met with during the whole journey. It was the outcome of liberality on the part of the Planters. Among those who awaited the arrival of the Maharajah, were Mr. Hall, Mr. Maynard, and several other European Planters. All of them were introduced to the Maha- rajah by Mr. Meiklejohn. These gentlemen, on behalf of the North Mysore Planters’ Association, presented the following Address :— mf 6c To His HicHness . CuaMaRAJENDRA Wapeyar, G.C.S.L., ManarasaH oF Mysors.. May ir PLease Your Hicuness, We, the Members of the North Mysore Planters’ Association, most heartily welcome Your Highness on this your first visit to the Planting Districts of North Mysore. We desire to offer you our congratulations that the famine which so recently threatened your Province has been happily averted—thus time and oppor- tunity have been afforded you to carry out your proposed tour through the District. Previous to the year 1876 there were only one or two Coffee Estates in this district, since which date all the estates around Koppa—and those which you have passed on your way from Balé Honnur—have been opened up. The Coffee indus- try is now employing a very large number of the population of the Province, mate- rially increasing their welfare, by the wages earned and by adding to the revenue. We fully appreciate the assistance: which Your Highness’ Government, through the Department of Public Works, has afforded us in opening up the District. We confidently anticipate assistance will be still continued to us, for 12 though in the last nine years the coffee industry has made such large advances, we have—owing to the great depression in prices—to contend with many diffieul- ties, reducing the margin of profits, and we would therefore earnestly beg of Your Highness to continue to afford us such countenance and assistance as may conduce to the advancement of our enterprize and attract still more capital to the District. We most heartily wish Your Highness good health, every happiness, and a long and prosperous reign.” His Highness made the following reply :— “¢ GENTLEMEN : I am much obliged to you for your address of welcome. This visit to the Coffee Districts of Mysore has been a source of great pleasure to me. I have always regarded the Coffee industry as an important element in” the progress of Mysore, for the capital and intelligence which accompany it are a material help to the advancement of these comparatively backward parts ef my, | country. What I have been able to observe during my present tour has much: enhanced its importance in my estimation. | Allow me therefore to repeat to you the assurance I gave the other day to your brother Planters of Manjarabad, that the interests of the Planting Com- munity will always command the attentive consideration of my Government. To do whatever will increase their convenience and advance their interests ; to adopt such measures as will encourage those already engaged in this important industry; and to offer such inducement as will attract others to it; will be among the.promi- nent features of the policy of my Government. Gentlemen—It affords me sincere pleasure to learn that the industry, though scarcely 10 years old in these parts, is already on a firm and secure basis, and I beg to convey through you to the Planters of Koppa my hearty wishes for their continued prosperity.” . In the evening the usual Durbar and presentations took plaee, after which there was a pyrotechnic display. SarurDay, 5th December 1885, Camp Koppa. On the morning of this day, a deputation of the leading Native Mer chants and Inhabitants waited on the Dewan, who made enquiries with regard to the present condition of trade at this place. The deputation submitted, that, the local trade consisted principally of Supari (areca-nut) Cardamoms, Pepper and Coffee; that Supari was exported to Bangalore and Bellary, and the remaining articles mostly to the Western Coast of Her Majesty’s Districts; that Native Planters thought Coffee was not a paying concern; and that this plant thrives better under shade than in the open. In the course of the interview, the Dewan explained to the assemblage how the Mysore system of Railway was to be managed’ in future. The deputation then retired. Immediately afterwards, a deputation of the European Planters, accom- panied by Mr. Meiklejohn and consisting of Messrs. Brett, Hall, Maynard, Buchanan, and Skirving, also Mr. Brito, waited on the Dewan and laid before him a1opeaueg 0 ‘groydvasojoyg ‘woyeg ¥ 11Q ‘oyeysTT COON uvedomiy @ JO META 13 the difficulties and inconveniences under which they laboured. To remedy these as _ far as possible, they desired, First, the introduction of the Imperial Postal System into the Mysore Province; Secondly, that Telegraphic communication should be established between Bangalore and the Kadur District; and thirdly, that the Extradition Act sh®uld be put in force with respect to Duffadars who commit breach of contract in supplying labour ; also that punishment for Coffee Stealing should be enhanced. The Dewan said, that with regard to letters by the Mail from Madras being delivered one day later than formerly, if the Imperial Post Office delivered such letters to the Tumkur Railway at once, on receipt, this delay would be avoided; that as to telegraphic communication between Bangalore, Tumkur and Chikmagalur, Mr. Wheatley, the Superintendent of Government Telegraphs, was expected to arrive shortly to report on the work; that with reference to the subject of enforcing the Extradition Act, Breach of Contract is not one of the offences for which Extradition could be obtained; that the Planters should address the Resident with the object of getting the Government of India to add the offence in question to the list of offences for which Extradition is granted ; and that he (the Dewan) would give these subjects his best consideration. Strange to say the Native merchants were not much im favour of telegraphic communication, under the mistaken notion that it would interfere with trade, by any sudden rise and. fall in prices being communicated to large centres at once. They little know that if they conduct their business on right principles of trade, telegraphic communi- cation would prove the source of bringing more grist to their mills. Mr. Brito then dwelt on the subject of seigniorage on timber felled in the holdings of the Planters. He said that under the original settlement and the old Rules, the right to reserved trees had been conceded to the Planters, but this right was withdrawn in the Title Deeds recently introduced. The Dewan replied, that the Government had conceded every right to which the Planters were fairly entitled ; and that the survey guarantee upon which Mr. Brito basis his theory does not apply, as may be seen from the passage regarding trees in the Coffee Proceedings, which passage the Dewan read out. Another gentleman of the deputation observed, that as elsewhere in India, Government had a right to the trees; and that the only question was that the Government seigniorage should be a light one. The Dewan remarked, that Government would not seek to enlarge its revenue by the seigniorage, but it was very important that the seigniorage should be- such as would prevent deforestation, an evil, which the Planters and the Government were alike most anxious to prevent. Mr. Skirving explained to Mr. Brito, the objects of the Government. The Dewan said, that the question of seigniorage would be settled on receipt of a Report from the Deputy Commissioner who has been asked to consult the Planters’ Association ; and that Government grants all rights to unreserved trees in Coffee Estates to the Planters, free, but subject to Forest Rules with respect to free Rahdarees (Passports) for the exportation of timber. Mr. Hall urged, that the assessment on garden lands was heavy, and that Government should not tax improvements. The Dewan explained, that both the late Dewan as well as himself were of opinion, that the rates were high, but not higher than the old shist rates; that looking to the past history of the garden rates, the present rates were not high; that no increase would be made in the revision of settlement for lands newly converted into gardens during the currency of the 14 present settlement; that in the case of such gardens the imposition of present garden rates would amount to taxing of improvements effected by private capital ; that the case of the gardens now assessed at garden rates was different: and that special favorable rates from Government had already been granted to them for a long term of years. The title deeds of Coffee Estates, the Dewan said, would shortly be issued by Colonel J. P, Grant, the Superintendent of Revenue Survey and Settlement. The deputation then left the Dewan and seemed much pleased and satisfied with the interesting topics which had been discussed, and with the courteous and prompt manner in which their representations had been considered by the Dewan. The Royal party went out on a shooting excursion, in anticipation of having some si sport, especially as Mr. Hall had made all the necessary arrange- ments. The ground selected was the neighbourhood of Mr. Hall’s own estate, Amady Khan ; but after all none of the aed succeeded in obtaining any trophies of the chase. At Mr. Hall’s bungalow His Highness witnessed the dance of the Lumbdnees or Brinjarries, a wandering tribe who at one time, during the early period of the British Conquests in India, formed a very important portion of the transport service in the field, with their flocks of bullocks with pads; and regarding whom Lord Wellesley (the Duke of Wellington) has made frequent mention in his despatches. The Lumbdnee women from constantly carrying bundles of fuel and other loads on their heads have acquired very upright figures, and these are shewn off to advantage in the graceful positions they place them- selves in whilst dancing, which they do by forming circles, holding each other by the hands whilst turning round, pirouetting away, then coming together again, and all this to their own vocal music. His Highness appeared greatly amused. The party then returned to their tents. Sunway, 6th December 1885, Camp Koppa. This was a day of rest to all. In the evening the inhabitants of the place assembled at the Durbar tent and presented His Highness with two addresses in Canarese and Sanskrit; the latter containing Shlokas or verses expressing loyalty to, and blessings on, the Maharajah. The words were so arranged as to admit of the formation of complete sentences, diagonally, formed of one letter out of each horizontal line ; the whole reading connectedly, without any break in the meaning thereby conveyed. The Canarese address, in addition to the usual language used on such occasions, referred to the Annual Dassarah Assembly, which was inaugurated by the late Dewan Mr. Rungacharlu, and which has been continued by his talented successor Mr. Seshadri Iyer, the present Dewan, who replied to the above addresses in Canarese to the following effect : “ INHABITANTS OF Koppa: I am commanded by His Highness the Maharajah to thank you for the | Address with which you have presented him. ae - : The Dassara Representative Assembly to which you allude, has been instituted with the object of explaining to the people the policy of Government in all important administrative matters, and of ascertaining from the people their wants, and requirements. This Assembly is also useful, in ascertaining to what ‘ayeyST] GOGO) OAYBN B JO MOTA ‘oropesueg: P, ‘sroqdvisoz0yg ‘uoyeg 7 AQ 15 extent the good intentions of Government are given effect to, by local officers. His Highness takes a deep interest in the growth and development of this Institution and feels that it is a source of strength to his Government. Though much hag been done, since the assumption of the administration by His Highness, towards the advancement of English education, yet there is no doubt that much remains to be. done. His Highness is alive to this fact, and he also takes a special interest in the revival of Female Education, which, though very flourishing in India at one time, has for many years been almost forgotten. In the matter of Sanskrit education, His Highness has already made ample pro- vision in connection with the Sanskrit College at Mysore, and he fully recognizes the fact that the largest Hindu State in Southern India must do all in its power to encourage the study of our ancient literature. t The surveys and estimates for the extension of the existing line of Rail- way from Bangalore to Gubbi up to Harihar via Birur and Davanagéré have already been completed, but as Mysore cannot at present provide the required capital from its own Revenues, it is proposed to get the Southern Mahratta Rail- way Company to construct the extension. This will be the means of securing for the people of this District, at a very early date, the advantages of a Railway. His Highness thanks you for your expressions of loyalty and attachment _ to his person and throne, and he assures you that the object of his present tour is ‘to become more intimately acquainted with his people in every part of the Province and to ascertain by personal observation their wants and aspirations.” The Durbar was brought to a close with the usual display of fireworks, in addition to which there was a gymnastic performance by a body of Tocal Domhas, a class of professional jugglers and tumblers. Monpay, 7th December 1885, West to Sringeri. When the Officials of the Kadur District presented themselves in the morning to take leave of the Maharajah, His Highness was pleased to compliment the Executive Engineer on the roads under his charge being in such excellent order. The Engineer modestly declined to take credit to himself and said it was all due to Colonel LeMessurier and the other European gentlemen who had trained him for the work. : _ The Maharajah, Mr. Girdlestone and their suites left for Sringeri, which place was not originally put down in the programme of the tour, but as it was now so near, only some thirteen miles distant, and well worth a visit, the Royal party proceeded thither. The Tunga was crossed at Hariharpur, a village situated on the left bank of the river. It is the head-quarters of, the Koppa Taluk and contains a population of about 600 souls. From inscriptions which are in existence, it appears that Hariharpur was an agrahara (a village held by Brah- mins on 4 favorable tenure) established in A.D. 1418 by Subanna Wodeyar of | Arga (Tirtahalli taluk, Shimoga District) in the reign of Harihara Raya of Vijay- anagar, and named after him. At Hariharpur is a Dispensary with wards for in-patients. There is also an ancient Mutt, from which a deputation of Brahmins met the Maharajah, chanting Holy Sanskrit Verses and presenting the usual offerings of consecrated raw rice and cocoanuts, which were graciously accepted. 16 About two miles from Sringeri, the Royal party was met by a deputa- tion from the Sringeri Mutt, headed by the Agent of the Guru, Subramanya Shastri, with a procession of elephants, palanquins, umbrellas and other insignia, also dancing girls, native music, Brahman priests, and servants and dependents of the Mutt. It was apparently the intention of the deputation to induce the Maha- rajah to occupy their palanquin, but he preferred to drive on, in his own carriage. The approaches to the town were studded, all the way, with neatl constructed pandals, in each of which many persons were assembled, to offer their welcome and congratulations to the youthful Sovereign. At the entrance hall of the Mutt, awaiting the arrival of the Maharajah was the head of the Sringeri Mutt, or as he is called the Jagat Guru or Jagad Guru (the priest of the world) Sachchid4nanda Sivébhinava Narasimha Bharati, a handsome young man of acknowledged ability and well versed in Sanskrit literature. Before arriving at the Hall; His Highness had divested himself of his boots, and entering with bare feet, he made a low obeisance to the Guru, who blessed him and expressed the extreme gratification he felt at the honour done to the Mutt by this Royal visit—an honour which, he added, none of his predecessors had the privilege of enjoying, inasmuch as although several of them had met the reigning Maha- rajah whenever they happened to pass through the Capital, yet, this was the first occasion in which the Sovereign of the country had visited the Mutt m person. The Guru further complimented His Highness on the name he bore ‘‘ Chamraja” which he explained was composed of three Sanskrit terms representing the three great persons of the Deity—Brahma, Vishnu and Siva; Cha meant Chuckree, Visunu ; Amara the immortal Srva; and Aya a name of Branma; and the Guru hoped that the holy precepts of these divinities would be constantly borne in mind and followed by his Royal visitor. Turning to Mr. Girdlestone, the Guru acknowledged that it was entirely owing to the truly wise and beneficent rule of the paramount power that the people of India, of all castes aud creeds, were enabled to enjoy their civil rights and religious liberties, free from molestation or persecution of any kind whatso- ever. And the Guru begged of Mr. Girdlestone—in token of his heart-felt appre- ciation, as well as that of his numerous sect, for the many benefits which British rule had conferred on the province of Mysore especially —that he would be pleased to convey to the great Queen-Empress Victoria his blessings for her long-life and. continued prosperity. Mr. Girdlestone, in reply, had it interpreted, that it afforded him much pleasure to have met the Guru of this ancient and historical Mutt; and to have heard such loyal sentiments towards the gracious Sovereign whom he had the honor to represent in this distant portion of her Empire. The Guru then asked His Highness to consider himself a guest of the Mutt during his stay and promised to see him again after he had performed his ablutions. As a special case and in token of the religious veneration felt by His Highness, he accepted of the proffered hospitality and retired to a new building which had just been completed and which was set apart for his reception. In the afternoon, His Highness was amused in watching the shoals of large-sized fish as they were being fed by the people of the Mutt. The fishes came swimming in the clear stream, so tame as to approach the men without fear or hesitation and snapped up the handfuls of ‘“ Indee” (oil-cake) and plantains thrown to them. An exhibition of the way in which the gardeners belonging to areca palm plantations, take down the nuts was also an interesting sight. These areca palm (@ : ‘alopeSurg TEAL “AO a0feyy P doydeisojoyg ‘umorg “pH ‘9 “L108 4q pegs 4q peyurg Wa0ULG 17 trees grow to a height of from 20 to 40 feet, with a single trunk or stem. The are planted in clusters, each tree being three or four feet apart. And like all the palm tribe, the fruit of the areca palm is produced at the very top of the tree,-whence. the leaves so gracefully branch out. The man who has to collect the fruit climbs up a tree, cuts away the branches to which the fruit adheres, then causing the: tree to vibrate, leaps from it on to the next tree and so on, from tree to tree, and does not descend till he has collected enough. The certainty with which these leaps are made, shews great agility and confidence, resembling more the antics of a monkey thana man. Yet, such is the ordinary way in which the arecanut is collected in these parts. Much pains is taken also in its preparation. The nut after being shredded from the hard red pulp or rind is boiled and split into from two to eight pieces according to the size of the nut. The first sort known as Assun-adika is most prized and commands a high price in the Bellary and Wallajanugger markets. Towards the evening, the Maharajah with the Ursoos who had accom- panied him, the Dewan and other Brahmans of his suite, all arrayed themselves in devotional costume. His Highness wore a small Cashmere shawl as a turban on his head; the upper portion of his body was covered with a Cash- mere shawl, while his dothrah or under garment was simply a cotton cloth, such as is usually worn by Hindus. Huis feet were bare. The Dewan and other high personages of the-suite were bare-headed as well as bare-footed, their upper garments being coverings of silk and the under clothing of cotton. Arrayed in this fashion, the whole party were taken to a temple dedicated to the goddess Sharad-4mba, where the Guru himself conducted the puja or ceremony of worship, assisted by his numerous priests and disciples, at the conclusion of which he offered the trtha or Holy Water to his Royal guest. The goddess Shdrad-A4mba was taken out and carried in procession round the temple, with the “‘ Vinayaka” (belly-god) made of solid gold and presented to the temple by the late Maharajah of Travancore. His Highness followed the procession on foot the whole way, passing through a number of Pandals which had been erected around the Mutt in honor of his visit. During these ceremonies, the Guru placed on the Maharajah’s head a valuable golden tiara set. with precious stones, which the late Maharajah of Mysore had sent as an offering to the goddess, and said, that there were two such tiaras in the temple; that the late Guru Narasimha’ Bharati had expressed a wish that this tiara should be presented to the young Maharajah ; and that in now offering it for His Highness’s ‘acceptance, he was only carrying out, on so auspicious an occasion, the intention of his much venerated predecessor. The Maharajah expressed his gratification for this mark of loyalty and regard towards him, as well as, for the cordial manner in which he had been entertained. The pleasant proceedings of the day were thus brought 'to a close. — : It may not be out of place here to give a brief account of a place, which to the Hindu mind is surrounded with the most sacred associations. Sringeri, Sringa-giri, or more properly, Rishya-Sringa-giri is the chief seat of Saiva Brah- manism and takes precedence of all other similar places in India, in its claims to antiquity and to historic fame. Vibhdndaka rishi performed penance and _ had his hermitage here. This was the birthplace of his son Rishyasringa, a sage adorned with horns, who plays an important part in the opening scenes of the Rdmdyana. According to the narrative, he grew up to man’s estate without having ever seen a woman ; when Lomapada, king of Anga, was advised that if the youthful recluse could be brought to his city and married to the princess Santa the drought which - prevailed in his kingdom would be removed. In order to entice the young saint a 18 from his hermitage, a bevy of-fair damsels was despatched. They are said to: have made their last halt at Narvé, a few miles from Sringeri, before essaying. the power of their charms. Allurements, which even the most wary can rarely withstand, soon worked their effect on the unsophisticated youth. His curiosity being strongly excited to seé more of these beautiful and gentle creatures so new to him, he was led away and conveyed to Anga. He afterwards became the priest: Dasaratha Raya, and performed the asvamedha or horse sacrifice which resulted in the birth of Rama. ‘ About the middle of the eighth century Sankérachdrya, the great Saiva reformer settled here, as directed by the image of Shdrad-dmba or Sarasvati which: he had brought from Cashmere, and founded the spiritual throne which has been occupied to the present day by as apostolical a suecession as the chair of St. Peter at Rome. His persecution of the Buddhists and Jains, his destruction of their literature, and ‘his polemical victories in all parts of India, are matters of history. The sect. of Vedantists founded by him has always held the highest reputation for learning, and is distinguished for the cultivation of the study. of Sanskrit and especially ot the Vedic literature.’ ‘The Vedantist system advocated by Sankara is pantheistic, and based on the doctrine of advaita or non dualism, which means that the universe is not distinct from the Supreme Soul. The leading tenet of the sect is the recognition of Brahma Para Brahma as the only really existing Being, the sole cause and ° supreme ruler of the universe. and as distinct from Siva, Vishnu, Brahma or any individual member of the pantheon: to know Him is the supreme good. The attainment of complete wisdom results in mukti or liberation, and re-union with the divine essence. But as the mind of man cannot elevate itself to the contem- plation of the inscrutable First Cause and Only Soul, he may be éontemplated through inferior deities and sought through the prescribod rites and exercises. This creed thus tolerates all the Hindu deities, and the worship of the following was, by Sankrachari’s express permission, taught by some of his disciples:—that of Siva, Vishnu, Krishna, Surya, Sakti, Ganesa, and Bhairava.’ ‘ Individual souls emanating from the supreme one are likened to innu- merable sparks issuing from a blazing fire. From him they proceed, and to him they return, being of the same essence. The soul which governs the body together with its organs, neither is born nor does it die. It is a portion of the divine sub- stance, and. as such infinite, immortal, intelligent, sentient, true. It is governed by the Supreme. Its activity is not of its essence, but inductive through its organs: as an artisan taking his tools labours and undergoes toil and pain, but laying them aside reposes, so is the soul active and a sufferer by means of its organs, but divested of them and returning to the supreme one is at rest and is happy. It is not a free and independent agent, but made to act by the supreme one, who causes it to do in one state as it had purposed in a former condition. According to its predisposition for good or evil, for enjoined or forbidden deeds, it is made to do good or ill, and thus has its retribution for previous works.’ - The Mutt or Matha is situated on the left bank of the Tunga, in the centre of a fertile tract of country, which forms an endowment and was given as such, about 400 years ago, by the Vijayanagar Kings. This endowment yields a revenue of about Rs. 50,000 a year, in addition to which the Maharajah’s Government now pays 6,000 Rs. a year as areligious grant. During the lifetime of Narasimha, Bharti, the NEGAPATAM RAMAROW VIJAYENDRA ROW, Esgq., Curer SECRETARY TO THE DEwan. Born April 1843. Entered Mysore Service, September 1867. Appointed Assistant Commissioner 5th Grade, April 1869. Promoted to Ist Grade, April 1880. Secretary to the Dewan, General and Revenue Departments, March 1881. Chief Secretary to the Dewan, 1885. Fred. Ahrlé, Photographer. oe a & 19 zl ‘ Rc 3 last deceased Guru, the Government grant was 12,000 Rs. per annum, as fixed by the late Maharajah. This grant however was reduced at the installation of the present Guru. The ordinary expenses incurred for feeding Brahmans and distri- buting food and clothing to all comers of both sexes, on festival days, of which the principal one is the Nava-rdtri, fat exeeeds the above mentioned income, and in order to make up the ‘deficiency, the Guru is constantly engaged in long ‘and protracted tours through various parts of the country, during which he collects la¥ge sums as contributions from his disciples. Officials on such occasions paying not less than one month’s pay as the customary fee, and others in like proportion. The'Guru wears a tiara like the Pope’s, set with pearls and precious stones, also, a-valuable necklace of pearls. The tiara was given by the Peshwa of Poona. His sandals are covered with silver. He is an ascetic and a celibate. His principal article of diet is milk seasoned with pepper. When he moves about in public, he is carried on an adda-palki or palanquin carried cross-ways, which is meant to prevent any thing else passing from the direction he is proceeding to. He is attended by an elephant, a: small escort of native cavalry, and a numerous body of Brahmans and disciples. The approaching end of a Guru is narrowly watched and a fit successor 1s generally chosen before it takes place. Just as he is at his last gasp, the conventional practise is to hasten his exit from his earthly tenement by fracturing his skull with cocoanuts thrown over him by his disciples. Sringeri consists:of a long street, with a loop on one side, encircling a small hill, Symgeri. At the head of the street, is the Mutt of the Guru, to which is attached the temple of Shdrad-dmba, the tutelar deity of the place. The population consists of 1,661 souls, of whom 1,553 are Hindus, 92 Mahomedans and 16 Jains. Turspay, 8th December 1885, North West to Agumbi. The Royal party left Sringeri early this morning and arrived at Agumbi at 9-30 a.m. At the frontier of the Kadur District, about six miles from Agumbi, ‘the officials took their leave of His Highness and returned to their respective places. At a short distance from the town of Agumbi, His Highness was met by Mr. V, P. Madhavarao (Deputy Commissioner), Mr. Syed Nassuriddin (Police Assist- ant Commissioner) and other leading officials of the Shimoga District, Near the entrance of the town, where a pandal was erected, a deputation of the inhabitants were, in waiting, accompanied by a party of nativé musicians. Here garlands of flowers were offered to, and graciously accepted by the Maharajah. After breakfast, the Maharajah and Mr. Girdlestone went out and had a beat for deer, but did not sight any. Later on, they drove about two miles from Camp to the head of the Agumbi Ghaut, where a platform was erected and from which the immense plains of the maidan (or open low lands) were seen. From this point, the sea on the Western Coast was also clearly visible. A number of rockets were fired off and. thrown down the precipices: the noise these rockets _.made in their passage downwards and in bursting, was echoed by the surrounding hills and the distant reverberations which followed excited much amusement. The party remained to watch the sunset in all its golden splendour and then returned to Camp. The Agumbi Ghaut now forms one of the chief passes through the Western Ghéuts, and has a well made road whieh leads from the neighbouring principal 20 stations of the Shimoga and Kadur Districts to Mangalore. When the adminis- tration of the Province was assumed by the British Government in 1831, there was hardly a single pass through the Western Ghauts, practicable for cattle with loads. The Agumbi pass was most frequented by merchants and travellers, but it was usual to carry grain on pack bullocks and every thing of value on coolies, who were men belonging to a peculiar caste and limited in number, and great delay and inconvenience were experienced. The present road by which traffic is largely. conveyed on carts and bullocks, was constructed during the wise and able adm1- nistration of the late Sir Mark Cubbon, to whom the country is indebted for its thousands of miles of roads, bridges and drains, which now connect all the princi- pal stations with Bangalore and extend, on all sides, in great through lines, to the frontiers of the Province. It is estimated that from 1831 to 1856 nearly 30 lakhs of rupees were spent on roads. And for twenty years afterwards, since the forma- tion of the Department of Public Works in 1856, about one crore of Rupees were expended for the same purpose. In the jungles about Agumbi, cardamums are produced, but they are not esteemed as highly as those raised in areca palm gardens. There is a third class bungalow here for European travellers, and a chatram for Natives. Not far off, is the abandoned Coffee Estate of Agumbi, which was opened out by the. late Mr. Duncan Mackenzie, the Pioneer Coffee Planter of this part of the country. After ten years of labour, he found that the position of the Estate was, owing to the excessive rainfall, unsuited for the culture of coffee ; but, like the indefatigable Scotchman that he was, hedid not despair of the enterprise. He re- commenced life by opening out an estate 12 miles inland at Koppa, which proved a success and led to more estates being opened out in the neighbourhood. Till the estate came into bearing, he was glad to work as an Overseer on the construc- tion of the road which was made to connect Koppa with Agumbi. Sir Mark Cubbon, with the usual liberality which characterized every act of his administra- tion, presented him with Rs. 1,000 as a mark of the appreciation of Government as to the manner in which the work had been done. Such acts of beneficence are appreciated long after the actors of the scene have passed away. Literally, their good works do follow them.’ Wepnespay, 9th December 1885, North East to Tirthahulli. The Maharajah, Mr. Girdlestone and party arrived at Tirthahulli at 9-30 a.m. Portions of the road traversed this morning consisted of steep gradients, but these were only for short distances. Few villages were passed as the native farmers live in separate houses on their own holdings (wargas). The town was decorated with pandals and arches. Immense crowds turned out to welcome the visitors. In the afternoon, the Maharajah, Mr. Girdlestone and party drove through the town as far as the river and, on their route, inspected the Taluk Cutcherry. They crossed the river and visited the Puttigé Mutt, which is situated on the opposite bank; after which there were illuminations on the river and fireworks. All subsequently returned to Camp by torchlight. Tuurspay, 10Ta DecempBer 1885, at Tirthahulli. In the evening a Durbar was held and the usual presentations of Officials and Residents took place; after which, the Royal party set out in procession R = “qelereqeyy OL “H "A & * eee as ty eae ‘goydeisojoyg ‘uM0cig “pH ‘OD . etna 4q poyong TaqeyyLL *, f | | bos el aS 21 * ee by the Bazaar street as: far as the Ramésvara temple, where His ighness and suite attended the ‘“mangalarti” or evening. service of the deity. The party then walked down to the Ghdut to see the illuminations on the river, ‘from a pandal whence there was an excellent view. The illuminations were very . effective, the many coloured lamps with their tiny flickerings in the air presented quite a fairy scene. After enjoying this sight, the party returned in procession, by the Upper Bazaar street which was brilliantly illuminated. The town of Tirthahulli is beautifully situated on the left bank of the Tunga, 30 miles south-west. of Shimoga, on the Shimoga-Agumbi road. The scenery is said to resemble that of Dunkeld, the prettiest town in the Perthshire Highlands. It is the head-quarters of the Kavaledurga Taluk and has a Municipality. The population consists of about 1,000 Hindus, 100 Mahomedans and 150 Christians. Near this spot, are a number of éirtha or sacred bathing places, from which the town derives its name. A pool at one of the cylindrical hollows scooped out by the water in the rocky bed is a favourite spot, frequented by Hindus for cleansing ‘away sin by ablution. This pool is said to have been made by Parasu Rama, who is represented as the sixth avatar or incarnation of Vishnu, and as having received his axe from Siva. In the month of Margashira, every year, the Ramésvara festi- val is held for three days, when thousands of people bathe in this pool. _ At the _ season, on these occasions, the water in the river is so low that the bed is crossed by stepping over the boulders and wherever there happens to be a rush of water, temporary bridges are constructed for the people to pass over. There is a second Mutt called the Havika Mutt, on the town side, oppo- site the Puttigé Mutt. Both these places are held in great veneration by Hindus, especially people of the Malava caste, who resort to them from Canara and Nagar, to be branded with a religious stamp, mudra dhdrana, by their priest, the Koppadu Dasaiya, who comes here from Koppa. Three miles up the river is the Mulbagal Mutt and a mile higher, the Bhimankatté Mutt which claims a fabulous antiquity. Tirthahulli is famed for its manufacture of silver cups. It is the principal centre of commerce for the Nagar and Koppa Taluks. The local trade is valued at about six lakhs & year, and one half of this sum is said to be the result of transactions during the Ramésvara festival. Cocoanuts.and cocoanut oil are imported from Canara by the Agumbi and Hulikal Ghats, and various kinds of pulse, cattle, piece goods, &c., from the Maidan Taluks. 3 Fripay, 11¢h December 1885, West to Kavaledurga. Mr. and Mrs. Girdlestone left Tirthahulli for Shimoga, after bidding adieu to the Maharajah, arranging that they should meet again at the Gersoppa falls. His Highness and party proceeded to Kavaledurga. They all went on horseback to the foot of the hill, a distance of nearly seven miles, dismounted there and made the ascent on foot to the place where the tents were pitched, three miles distant. The ladies were carried on chairs improvised for the occasion and the encampment was reached at about 10-30 a.m., all feeling somewhat fatigued after the. personal exertions they had undergone. a et In the afternoon, the Royal party ascended the peak of the Droog, which is situated at a higher elevation. At the very top or pinnacle is a temple built of stone, which though small must have been erected at no little trouble, considermg where 22 it is perched and how strongly it was built so as to have withstood the action of “ the elements for centuries past, From this point also, the sea on the Western Coast is clearly seen, while the scenery of mountains, richly wooded, and valleys stretching beneath them as far as the eye could see, with numerous silvery streams of water gliding through them, formed a most picturesque and imposing landscape. Here too the sunset was a glorious one: after admiring all which, the Royal party returned to camp. is Satrurpay, 12th December 1885, Camp Kaveladurga. { In the morning, His Highness and party visited the ruins of the old palace. Here, are still standing pillars of pure black horneblende (of the same description of stone as is now to be seen in ‘Tippu’s mausoleum at Ganjam, in the eastern portion of the island of Seringapatam), a powder magazine, and two wells or pits slabbed with stone, which were once used for storing oil and ghee. Some of the followers, by means of long bamboo poles, brought up small quantities of © brown looking greasy stuff from the bottom of oneof these pits. This stuff the inhabitants declared was ghee hundreds of years old. Itis greatly prized by the Natives, as a specific for healing cutaneous eruptions. Behind the old palace, at a short distance, is a fine cistern lined with stone and containing clear and limpid water, which is used for drinking, This cistern, it would appear, formed a portion of the garden where the ladies of the royal zenana delighted to roam about in days gone by. A fine slab of stone, 8 feet by 7, well carved and called the ‘Rani’s cot,” which was found in the old palace was removed some years ago, for the purpose of being sent to the Museum at Bangalore, but it has not been carried further than Tirthahulli, where it now remains. This slab has an inscription on it, bearing date in the year Bhava corresponding to a.p. 1694. Kaveladurga means a guarding hill fort, (Havel guard and durga hill). This name was given to it by Hyder Ali, when he captured the place. The durg or droog, rising to 3058 feet above the level of the sea, is situated in a wild and inaccessible region, to the west of the Taluk named after it. This place is said to be the ‘‘ Kanyakavana” in which the Pandus lived for some time, during their exile. They are related to have erected the ancient fortifications of great size and strength on the hill, which in later times was called Bhuvana-giri and was a stronghold of the Nagar Chiefs. The old town, formerly head quarters of the Taluk, is to the west of the droog. Sunpay, 13th December 1885, North West to Hulikal. After daybreak, the Royal party descended the hill in the same way as they had ascended it: the Maharajah walked the whole way. The ladies alone were brought down on chairs. At the foot of the hills, horses ready saddled were in waiting. They were at once mounted and all cantered away towards Hulikal, by a cross-country path, there being no made road. They reached the place, ten miles distant, at +11 o’clock a.m. In the evening, the Maharajah and party proceeded to the head of the Haidar Ghar Ghéut where a platform was erected. The views that met the eye here were simply magnificent. Moun- tains covered with splendid forests, valleys covered with verdure, maidans or low-lands in the distance, and the sea now close by and quite visible, all added to the enchantment of the scene. Here again the setting sun, amid bright tints of various and rapidly changing hues, was a grand and imposing sight. sR (2 eee eg ah i ay parm mca et . ‘q2opesueg: ‘reyderSojoqg ‘mmorg "9H ‘OD 4q popu “eBnpepaavyy TPE “WD soleyL 4q peqoqeAs =O 93 Hulikal is now a small and insignificant village. It was once a place of importance and extensive trade, on account of the proximity of the Ghdut, which bears its name and’ which forms one of the principal passes into Canara. - This village is said to have been founded in a.p. 1310 by a Ballala King, It appears a sanyasi (religious devotee) named’ Guriachinta, who was in favour with the King, resided at the foot of thgadjacent hill called Ramalinga Betta. A bullock belonging to this holy man was attacked by a tiger, but the bullock threw the tiger over and killed it. This extraordinary event was reported to the king, who considering it a happy omen, ordered the hill to be fortified; and in memory of the incident, named it huli-kollu, tiger-rock or, according to tradition, hul-kollu tiger-kill. Baiche Gowda of Koratagere subsequently gained possession of this place and his descendants held it, as tributaries of the Mysore Kings. It was finally annexed to Mysore by Tippu Sultan. Hulikal abounds with tigers to the present day, the surrounding: jungle affording excellent cover for such wild animals. — Monpay, 14th December 1885, North West to Nagar. The road from Hulikal to Nagar was a good one. Some singular upright stones, a little off the road, attract attention by their resemblance to those of Stonehenge but are found on closer inspection to be natural and not connected with any ancient rite. His Highness drove his team of four horses the whole way, ten miles distant, and reached the Camp at 9-30 a.m. The tents were pitched in a mangoe grove on a fine plain about a mile away from the town, which was decorated with pandals, in honor of the Royal visit. The people turned out in numbers to welcome their Maharajah and the whole place teemed with excitement. In the afternoon, the Royal party inspected the old. Bednur Fort, where the ruins of the old palace are still in existence, with a deep stone built well into which it is said that, in the year a.p. 1763 when the Rani Virammdaji made her precipitate escape to Kaveladurga on account of Hyder Ali’s advance, she threw all her valuable jewels and treasure. The late Captain Gordon Cumming, when he was the Deputy Commissioner, hearing of this traditional story, had the well thoroughly baled out but nothing was found. The Amildar of the Taluk, the Executive Engineer Mr. A. S. Nagavkar and other officials were in constant attend- ance. The usual Durbar was held in the evening and was brought to an end with a display of fireworks. Tuespay, 15th December 1885, Camp Nagar. In the morning, the-Maharajah accompanied by his Private Secretary Major Martin, Dr. Benson and others, took a ride on horseback across country. In the afternoon, His Highness visited the Mutt of the Lingayets. Here, by the side of a stone well was the image of a Bull nicely carved in stone. This was brought away and now forms an ornament in the garden of His Highness’ palace at Bangalore. In the evening, the Maharajah went in procession, on elephants, through the town and visited the Hindu temple, where the large bell in use hag an inscription on it “Fiat Amsterdam 1781.” Nagar is the head-quarters of the taluk which bears its name and has a population of about 1,300, of whom 1,180 are Hindus, 100 Mahomedans and 20 Christians. It is 1887 feet above sea level. I+ was originally a small village and contained a temple of Nilakantha. About a.p. 1640, it became the Capital of 24 the Kiladi chiefs and its name was changed to Bidanoor or Bednur. It rapidly increased in size and trade, being on the direct road to the Hosangadi Ghaut, | The houses in it having reached the number of a lakh, it became entitled to be called a Nagara. The walls were eight miles in circumference and had ten gates for ingress and egress. The palace was on a hill in the centre, surrounded by a citadel. The whole city was encircled by woods, hills and fortified defiles, extend- ing a great way in circumference. Sivappa Naik and his successors ruled here till a.pd. 1763, when Hyder Ali advanced his conquests to this Capital and gained possession of the place together with a booty estimated at twelve millions sterling in value. This capture laid the foundation of the greatness of the Mahomedan Sovereignty ofHyder and Tippu, as the enormous plunder then acquired enabled them to engage and support large bodies of troops including the renowned Mysore horse, which were recruited mostly in the Mahratta country. In a.p. 1783 a brigade of English troops from the Bombay Presidency penetrated up the Ghaut in the most daring manner and took both Nagar and Anantapur, but they had to beat a preci- pitate retreat after a year’s occupation. A small graveyard to the right of the old Palace is all that marks their advent. Hyder called the town Haidar Nagar, increased its trade, established an arsenal in which large quantities of arms and ammunition were manufactured, and continued the mint in which the Haidar pagoda was first struck in his name. He also introduced the cultivation of mulberries and the rearing of silk worms, but without success. During the war with Tippu Sultan, Nagar was almost burnt to ashes in 4.p. 1783. It also became an object of attack in the insurrection of 1830. Nagar lost its prosperity ever since the head-quarters of the district was removed to Shimoga. It has latterly benefited by the opening out of the Ghaut roads. The chief produce of the Nagar Taluk consists of paddy and areca-nut. The former is exported to the Western Coast, the latter, considered superior to any in the Province, to Bellary and Wallajapet. All the other articles of consumption and cloths of every kind are imported from the plains. The principal mountain is the Kodachadri parvata 4446 feet above the level of the sea. To the North of this mountain is the Kolur Ghaut. To the South-west is the new Haidar-Ghar, or Hosangadi Ghdut pass. The annual fall of rain at Nagar is from 150 to 170 inches. The Taluk is intersected by five rivers which unite and form the Gersoppa Falls. The country was almost inaccessible during the monsoon until the roads were bridged recently. Wepnespay, 16¢4 December 1885, North West to Nagavadi or Nagodi. According to the programme, the Kodachadri Hill was the next stage, but this was altered and Nagavadi or Nagodi, a village at the head of the Kolur Ghaut was fixed upon for the encampment. This village was reached at 10-30 a.m. His Highness drove the whole way in his drag drawn by a pair of horses and had to cross two shallow jungle streams. The road was heavy on account of the rains which had fallen the previous night. The tents were pitched on a hill or eminence. Nagavadi is situated m British territory and belongs to the South Canara District. The Tahsildar and leading native officials of the place met the Maharajah at the entrance of the village, and a large concourse of people, from the surrounding villages, were assembled to welcome him. Nagavadi, and in fact the South Canara District, about a century ago, belonged to the Mysore province. The people in these parts talk the Canarese language and their habits and manners are the same as in the adjoming Districts of Shimoga and Kadur. Every possible demonstration was made to shew the —{y; | | “yelersqey oul “HH " 4q poydersoyo4g Q. von a oy} SssoulLoIy STE ee ‘ieSen ye dueg sHVIvavHV]{ ot} | q pong 25 - gratification felt at the presence of Royalty in this out of the way place. At the foot of the Kolur Ghaut on the Canara side, is the village of Kolur, with a temple dedicated to the goddess Mukambika. This temple is greatly resorted to by the Malayalas of the Coast, who hold the goddess in great veneration. Some of the followers of thegRoyal party visited the temple during the day. Tuurspay, 17th December 1885, Camp Nagavadi or Nagodi. Early in the morning His Highness, accompanied. by Prince Subramanya Raj Urs, Bassappaji Urs, Major Martin and Dr. Benson left on horseback for the Kodachadri hill, four miles distant. The ascent to the peak was fully three miles, and so steep, narrow, slippery and difficult that the party had to dismount and walk up to the top of the hill, where all rested, partook of breakfast and visited a temple at the summit, dedicated to the Huli Deva, tiger god, whose image is provided with 32 arms. The party returned to camp in the afternoon, after enjoying the fine sights discernible from the peak they had so perseveringly climbed. The top of the hill which from. a distance has a bluff appearance, is in reality a narrow ridge, in many places only 12 feet across, with a precipice on either side. It commands an extensive and splendid yiew over the Western Ghauts and Canara. On the west, the hill descends almost perpendicularly for 4000 feet, and the Canara Forests lie spread out below. The sea appears quite elose and on a clear day the vessels are seen with the naked eye. The bay and town of Kundapur lie opposite. Were it not for the very limited space on the top and the difficulty of access, this hill would make a fine sanitarium. The climate is excellent and the place is so’ contiguous to the sea that the smallest breath of sea breeze is wafted over it. Stones possessing magnetic properties are found on this hill. The streams rising between the Kodachadri hill and Kavaledurga flow West or South-west into the sea at Kondupur, the principal one being the Gargita, which descends to Canara from the head of the Haidar Ghar Ghaut. ‘Fripay, 18th December 1885, North to ‘the Sharavati River. Sagar being about thirty-six miles from Nagavadi, it was decided that the camp should next be moved half way,.to the bank of the Sharavati river. The road being good, His Highness drove his team up to the left bank of the river, where the tents were pitched on an open plain, and arrived there at 10 o'clock a.m. In the afternoon, the Royal party made an excursion down the river in a dug-out which was poled about for an hour or so, after which all retired to their respective tents. The Sharavati. is a river which rises at Ambu-tirtha near Nonabar in the Kavaledurga taluk.’ It takes a north-westerly course by Fatte petta, receives the Haridravati on the right below Fatteguppe, and the Yenne Holé on the left above B4rangi. On arriving at the frontier it turns to the west and; precipitating itself down the celebrated Falls of Gersoppa, and passing that village (properly Géru-sappe), which is really some eighteen miles distant; flows to the sea at var in North Canara. The name Sharavati, arrow born, is in allusion to its Honav flowing from the Ambu Tirtha, which was formed by a stroke of Rama’s arrow. 26 ‘The stream is crossed by seventy Anicuts, from which small Channels are drawn, having an aggregate length of 26 miles. — | Saturpay, 19¢h December 1885, North to Sagar. Crossing the river in the morning, His Highness drove his four in hand team all the way to Sagar, a town on the left bank of the Varada near its source, forty miles west-north-west of Shimoga, on the Shimoga-Gersoppa road. It is the head-quarters of the Sagar Taluk and a municipality. It has also a Munsiff’s Court. Pandals and decorations were profusely got up. The Traveller’s bungalow was prepared for the Maharajah to put up in, while the others stayed in tents. The Munsiff the Amildar and other officials, with a large number of the inhabitants of the place, were in attendance and received His Highness with great enthusiasm. In the afternoon, a Durbar was held and presentations took place of all the local officials and leading residents. An address in Canarese, expressing loyalty and ‘devotion to His Highness and praying for his long life and pros- perity, was presented by a deputation and read by one of the members of the Municipality, in behalf of the people. ‘The Dewan, by the Maharajah’s command, - thanked the deputation and said that the sentiments contained in the Address had met with His Highness’ gracious approval. In the evening, the Royal Party went _ through the town, in procession, on elephants. The streets as well as the large tank were illuminated, Fireworks were let off during the procession and return to Camp. The town of Sagar is 1973 feet above the level of the sea. It is one of the chief emporiums for the areca-nut trade. Many of the Merchants residing here are wealthy men. They deal extensively in exports of sandalwood, pepper and other products of the Malnad, to both Madras and Bombay, whence the returns are mostly in cloths, There are a few families of sandal wood carvers. Laterite is extensively used for the foundations of houses and the School house which is built of it presents a very neat appearance. The ——" is about 17 50, of whom - fully 1500 are Hindus, The Sagar Taluk occupies the most westerly projection of Mysore. At one point it is about eight miles from the sea. The West and greater part of the _ North and South are bounded by the Ghauts, a spur from which crosses the Taluk from North to East, parting the western from the northern streams. The Sharavati passes through ‘the middle, from South to North-west. The principal stream running north is the Varada, which rises near Ikkeri, The eastern portion of the Taluk is covered with dense forest, which abounds with large game, Bison are common and elephants are occasionally met with, Along the Ghauts are immense pasture lands with coarse grass, The west is extensively occupied with areca palm gardens and rice fields. The chief heights are Deva Konda and Govardhangiri. SunpDAy, 20¢h December 1885, West to Gorseppa Falls. The distance from Sagar to the Falls is sixteen and a half miles. The Maharajah drove his team for about ten miles, where all mounted the steeds which were in waiting and did the rest of the; Journey on horseback. The: Camp near the Traveller’s Bungalow, which stands in British Territory in the Honavar RVD See , peg a Mason GEORGE MATTHEW MARTIN, Prrvate Secretary To His Hicuness tHe Mawarasan. Major Martin, after serving for many years, in the British Army, both in India and China, was employed, for nearly twelve years, in the Administration of the Provinces of Mysore and Coorg, as a Member of the Commission, holding high appointments in each of the Division of Mysore; and was, for seven years Superintendent of the District of Coorg. . Fred. Ahrlé, Photographer. se bo 27 Taluk, was reached at 10 4.m@, The Tahsildar and other Taluk officials were in attendance and received.the Maharajah. Among those present was a remarkably loquacious old Gowda dressed in a scarlet coat, which he declared was presented to him by Sir Mark Cubbon. This old Gowda garrulously professed to know all about the Falls and meytioned the names of several celebrities who had visited the place, not forgetting to enumerate the great and important services he had rendered to all these visitors and their grateful and generous acknowledgments in the shape of liberal Jnams (presents) to himself. The latter statement was obviously a bid for similar favours on the present occasion. While on the way about two or three miles from Sagar, are the ruins of Ikkeri, now a village, but at one time, from 1,560 to 1,640, the capital of the Keladi chiefs. His Highness visited this place. Is—heri (meaning, two streets) continued to be the nominal capital even after the removal of the seat of Govern- ment to Bednur. The Rajas were called by its name and the coins were called Ikkeri pagodas and fanams, notwithstanding that the mint was removed. Its walls were of great extent, forming three concentric enclosures. In the citadel was the palace, of mud and timber, adorned with carving and gilding. The only vestige of all its former greatness, is the temple of Aghoresvara, a large and well-propor- ' tioned stone building. On the floor in front of the shrine, are the effigies of three of the Keladi chiefs, doing obeisance, with the name inscribed above each. One of them, Huchcha (mad) Somasekhara, is represented as manacled and fettered. The distance between the central pillars was adopted as the standard measure for garden land. A rod of this length, equal to 18 feet 6 inches, was the space called ddya allowed. for one tree, and the shist was fixed on 1,000 such ddya at various rates. After breakfast, the Maharajah and party walked across the bed of the river, which was dry, and, went to view the Falls from the Canara side, where the water rushes over the precipices. Towards the evening, bundles of straw were lighted and thrown down. The lighted straw, floatingon and illuminating the water in its downward course, presented a grand sight, as if the ‘ Falls were composed of volumes of liquid sparks. The party then returned to Camp by torchlight. , / : Monpay, 21st December 1885, Camp Gersoppa Falls. After breakfast, the Royal party, now joined by Mr. and .Mrs. Gindles- tone who had arrived from Shimoga, again visited the Falls, going below to the Mysore side, where, at different levels and in different positions affording the best views of the Falls, three platforms were erected. The ladies did not go further than the second platform. His Highness and the Resident went down to the third and lowest platform: Doctor Benson and some of the Native gentlemen however went down still lower to the pool itself, the descent to which was precipitous and very difficult, so much so, that in certain parts, they had to crawl on all fours. After enjoying the grand and almost indescribable sights connected with these celebrated Falls, the whole party returned by torchlight to Camp at about 8 p.m, All seemed to be thoroughly delighted notwithstanding the fatigue and exposure which had been endured. The Falls of Gersoppa are called the ‘‘ Jog” by the natives. The word Jog is doubtless derived from “‘jaugu,” a damp or moist place. It is universally admitted that these Falls form an object of the greatest natural beauty in Mysore 28 and are equal if not superior to every other Fall in India, while they compare | favourably with those in any part of the world. The scenery is grand and sublime, almost beyond description. It is well worth a journey to the place, only to. witness the varied and fascinating sights which present themselves from the different points of view. The Cerosoli and Evanson Cascades in the Alps, are respectively 2400 and 1200 feet in height, and the Falls of the Arve in Savoy are 1100 feet, so that while those cascades excel the Gersoppa Falls in height, the latter surpasses them in the volume of water precipitated. The celebrated Falls of the Niagara, a river two miles across contracted to less than half its former breadth, is hurled over a precipice 164 feet high in two great sheets into the basin below. The Gersoppa Falls, though much inferior to the Niagara Falls in volume of water, are superior to them in height. They are situated in 14° 14’ North latitude and 74° 50’ East longitude on the borders of Mysore and Canara. The distance from Shimoga is 60 miles and from the port of Hondvar (Honore) in Canara 30 miles. It is remarkable that Buchanan does not mention these Falls in the record of his journey in 1800. The Sharavati flowing overa — very rocky bed, about 250 yards wide, here reaches a tremendous chasm, 960 feet in depth, and ‘performs (as Captain Newbold has expressed it) this stupendous lover’s leap from the chains of the giant Ghats into the arms of his ocean-rescued mistress—prolifie Canara.’ The epithet ‘ ocean-rescued’ alludes to the legend of the formation of the Western Coast by Parasu Rama. The water comes down in four distinct falls, _presenting a scene of trans- cendent grandeur and sublimity, whose effect is greatly heightened by the wild and beautiful country around, covered with a wealth of luxuriant vegetation. The Raja Fall (which by some visitors is called the Grand Fall, the Main Fall and the Horse-shoe Fall) pours in one unbroken column to the depth of 830 feet. Half way down it is encountered by the Roarer, another Fall, which ‘precipitates itself into a vast cup and then rushes violently downwards at an angle of 45 degrees to meet its famous compeer. A third Fall, the Rocket, shoots downwards in a series of jets; while the fourth, called the Dame Blanche, is an Undinelike cascade gliding quietly over the mountain side in a sheet of foam. The Raja, after whom the above first mentioned Fall is called, was the Sode Raja of Sirsi, who proposed to erect a shrine or mantappa on the spot, the lines for the foundation of which may be seen on the stone just above the Raja’s rock which projects over the chasm. The most favourable time for visiting these glorious works of nature is in the cold season, when the river is low enough to admit of crossing to the Mysore side, whence the best views are obtained. During the monsoon, the place is enveloped in a dense cloud of vapour, through which rises the thunder of the invisible mighty waters in their fearful descent. There is a good bungalow on the Bombay side, immediately at the head of the Falls. Close by is a slab of rock projecting over the verge of the gulf, by lying down on which and peering over, the best view is obtained of the appalling abyss from above, rendered more strik- ing by the continual flight across it of myriads of‘ rock pigeons, which find a congenial home in the face of the cliffs. ‘I lay down flat on this shelf’ (says a visitor in the month of August, 30 years ago) ‘and drew myself up to its edge, over which as I stretched my head a sight burst on the view which I shall never forget and can never hope to describe. I have since looked down the fuming and sulphurous craters of Etna and Vesuvius, eR AREPUR BASSAPPAJI URS, Minirary Baxsxt, Born 2nd November 1850; son of the late Arépur Chammappaji Urs, Shagirdpasha Bakshi to His late Highness; adopted in May 1851 by the widow of the late Arépur Bussappaji Urs, Zilloh Bakshi to His late Highness; married on the 27th April 1872, to the sister of the present Maharajah; has issue, a son and two daughters ; appointed Military Bakshi, 24th June 1881. Fred. Abrlé, Photographer. > 29 but have never experienced the sensations which overwhelmed me in the first downward gaze into this (hibernice) volcano of waters :—for so it looks; a chaotic scene that rivets with basilisk fascination the gaze of the spectator. It was with great reluctance and wath an intense feeling of depression that I withdrew my head, drenched in spray, from the brink 6f the precipice. One might almost gaze for ever on this abyss in which a mighty mass of water appears eternally burying itself in a mist-shrouded grave. The clouds of spray which continually ascend heavenwards in slow and majestic wreaths appear to typify the shadowy ghosts of the entombed waters” = . The Falls are seen to greatest advantage from the selected points of view. which have been cleared on the.Mysore bank, the most popular being Watkin’s platform. From this side a descent may be made to the pool below, the water in which is 130 feet in depth. But this is a difficult undertaking and the re-ascent extremely laborious. The view looking upwards from below is generally con- . sidered far less impressive than from the other points, as regards the Falls them- selves, but the grandly rugged features of the chasm and the winding gorge in which it is prolonged are more clearly seen in all their savage nakedness. The height of the cliff above is so great that it appears to leave but a margin for the sky. The varying effects of light and shade at different hours are extremely beautiful. A lovely iris, reminding one of Byron’s beautiful lines on the Falls of the Arno, spans the waters in the afternoon, rising with the declining sun, and even lunar rainbows are said to be formed in certain aspects of the moon. Rockets: and blazing torches or bundles of straw cast over ona dark night, throw out a fitful glare upon the jaws of the abyss, producing weird and solemn effects as viewed from the Raja’s rock. No words can suffice to adequately describe the - charms of a scene replete with every element of the sublime, combining in one superb panorama so many varying aspects both of terror and of beauty, all instinct: with the life, the force and play, of moving waters. It has been said of Naples “see Naples and die,” but of the Gersoppa Falls it may be said, “‘ see Gersoppa and live.” a ‘The precipice over which the water falls affords a fine section of gneiss and its associated hypogene schists, which dip easterly and northerly away from the Falls atan angle of about 35°. The gneiss is composed of quartz and felspar, with both mica and hornblende, and alternates with micaceous, talcose, actinolitic, chloritic and horneblende schists, imbedding (especially the latter) iron pyrites. These rocks are penetrated by veins of quartz and felspar and also of a fine grained granite, composed of small grains of white felspar, quartz and mica. The mass of hypogene rocks has evidently been worn back several hundred feet by the erosion and abrasion of the cataract; the softer talcose and micaceous schists have suffered most. Rock basins are frequent in'the bed of the river, which is worn in the rock and rugged with water-worn rocky masses.’ Two officers of the Indian Navy, deputed by Government to measure the Falls, arrived there on the 6th of March 1856. Their account of the feat, written in the old bungalow book, is as follows :-— “‘ Threw a light flymg bridge across the chasm from the tree overhang- ing the Roarer, to the rock westward of ‘that called the Raja’s rock, To this slung a cradle of light bamboo, capable of holding two people comfortably. The 30 cradle traversed on one single and two double blocks, through which.rove the four hawsers composing the bridge. We had previously placed the bridge from the Raja’s rock to the tree ; but found that the lead line- would not, from any single part of the bridge, plumb clear of the Roarer, or the rocks on either side; thus proving beyond a doubt that the pool had never before been plumbed from the sides of the chasm.” “Tn the forenoon of the 12th of March, all arrangements being completed and provision made against remote contingencies, we made the passage in the . cradle from side to side, halting in the centre to pour a libation to the guardian spirits of the chasm. The arrangements bemg found perfectly satisfactory, we proceeded to plumb the pool. The cradle with one person was eased away to a distance of forty seven feet from the tree: The lead line was lowered from the shore through a block (vulgo, a pulley) on the cradle, passing down through its centre. The plummet consisted of seven pounds of hard lead placed in the centre of an annular life buoy slung horizontally, the whole weight beg about 18 Ibs. When the lead reached the pool, the life buoy floated. it, and thus the lead man in the cradle felt the loss of weight. Having during our service had a little experi- ence in deep water, we knew that a loss of 20 lbs. from a plumb-line of upwards of 100 fathoms would be scarcely appreciable, and so we found it. But by haul- ing up half a fathom and letting go suddenly, the life buoy made a discernible splash in the water. A mark was then placed on the line by the block, and the angle of its dip taken with a theodolite on the brink of the precipice near the tree, at the hypotenusal distance of 47 feet.. This gave the perpendicular depres- sion of the cradle below the instrument (on a level with the tree,) as 14 feet; which, added to the line paid out, 815 feet, gave the exact depth 829 feet.” “Tn the afternoon, we descended the ravine and, with araft of a few bam- | boos and three boat’s breakers, paddled and sounded all round and across the pool, having previously, from above, turned off a great part of the Roarer into the Rocket. We found that 22 fathoms was the greatest depth anywhere. This sounding was taken very near the west side, about 30 yards from the head of the pool or base of the Grand Fall. We climbed the rock on which the Roarer’ falls,* and when about 30 feet up it, the stream, which before had been rather mild, came down with great force on our devoted heads and we had to ‘ hold on by our eyelids’ to prevent being washed off.” - “By measuring a base, we ascertained the horizontal distance between the centres of the Canara and Mysore bungalows to be 710 yards; between the Raja’s rock and the tree that plumbs the Roarer, 74 yards. The top of the Raja’s rock | is five feet below the level of the above mentioned tree. A plumb line lowered from this tree-into the bed of the Roarer measured 315 feet.” ‘On the 15th of March, broke up our bridge, from which we had taken several satisfactory views of the chasm, and descended by a rope into the cup of the Roarer, where we breakfasted, and afterwards, with some difficulty at one point, passed down by the side of the Roarer, and reached a position at the back of the Grand Fall, whence,;the Rocket and Roarer were seen to the right of it,. From this place only can you have a correct idea of the great depth of the cavern in front of which the Grand Fall drops. The sky clouded over and thunder pealed when we were below. The effect was grand in the extreme. At 5 P.M. reached the top of the cliff in safety.” *syTeq roqye Aa eddossexy “q0pesuRg ‘roydeiSojoyg ‘umorg “4 “9 The Gersoppa Fails are uni free from all signs of idolatry, Ther 31 ‘ qe as a scene of natural beauty in India, » are, in all, three Travellers’ bungalows, the New Canara bungalow is ‘1,670 feet above the level of the sea, the old one 1,850, and the Mysore bungalow is 30 feet lower than the last. The following beautiful lines descriptive of the Falls, are taken from Forbes’s ‘ Wild Life in Canara” :— u Voice of the cataract! Upon the mist Ts borne the thunder of thy stern rebuke. Where wast thou, mortal, when the hand of God Quarried yon chasm in the living rock, And rent the hills to give the torrent way ? How pigmy on the verge thy stature shows, Set on a rampart of a thousand feet ! Bend o’er the summit as the whirling clouds Now shroud, now show, the strife of rock and flood In depths where peace and silence never came. Yet the blue pigeon circles at mid height, . And in the sprays the darting swallow bathes. Grudge not the toil to track yon rugged stair, Down where huge fragments strew the torrent’s bed, Then turn and face the fairest scene on earth. How goodly are thy robes, thou foam-clad queen, () With hues of heaven woven in thy skirt ; Thy misty veil, how gracefully it falls ; For ever falls, and yet unveils thee not ! What ails thee, O fair stream, 2) that thou art wrought To fling thyself a snow-cloud on the winds, Thy substance lost and all thy being changed ? In countless flights thy silent heralds come. Now errant shoot, now seem to hang in air, Then quiver down the gloom of the abyss, And die like meteors in November skies. Yonder moves one () like hero to his doom, Resolved, serene; not parting from the verge Or wildly or in haste, sublime of mien, The noble emblem of a noble end ; For ever set a wonder and a praise, The highest, goodliest column of the world. Far other mood is his, (4) yon giant shape, Borne on reluctant and resisting hurled, | With raving protest, from the precipice. Rave on, and roll thy rude bulk o’er the rocks, And be for aye the foil to others’ praise ! (1) The Dame Blanche Fall—(2) The Rocket Fall—(3) The Rajah Fall—(4) The Rorer Fall. Turspay, 22nd December 1885, North to Sorab via Siddapur. The road from the Gersoppa Falls to Sorab via Siddapur being good, His Highness drove his team the whole way. Some fine jungle containing some magnificent high buttress trees was passed en route, also no less than two tolls on the Canara frontier imposed by the Local Fund Committee to meet the charges 32 : @ of maintenance of the roads: which may be regarded as a retrogade step in these days of administration on advanced free trade principles. Siddapur is a small town, the Head quarters of a Taluk in the North:Canara District. Here the Mer- chants of the place had a fine pandal erected in honor of the Royal visit and were assembled in person to offer their homage. The view from the bungalow, of the green rice fields, low wooded hills and palm trees, was much admired. ‘The Taluk Cutchery is on a different plan from those in Mysore, being well adapted for the wet climate of the place. The Police, mostly Mahrattas, were remarked upon as being a fine well disciplined body of men. The village servants, who bore badges, act well in concert with them, and receive also regular monthly pay in addition to other emoluments. The Maharajah reached Sorab at 10 a.M., and was received by the officials and residents of the place, which was gaily decorated for the occa- sion. The party being all tired from their recent exertion at the Gersoppa Falls converted this day into one of quiet rest. Wepyespay, 23rd December 1885, Camp Sorab. His Highness took his morning ride across country, accompanied by the Ursoos and others. In the evening, the Royal party went in procession through the town, on elephants, and reached the Durbar pandal which was erected in’ front of the Ranganatha Temple. On the Maharajah taking his seat in the Durbar, a bevy of finelooking and well dressed Brahman young girls came in and presented ' him with the “ Artee.” Each girl had a brass dish in her hand filled with a solution of saffron and water ; these dishes were moved in a circle from left to right, finish- , ing each time with an obeisance. In this way, the flourishing of the dish is made three times by each girl, but all together, standing in front of the Maharajah and bending down gracefully at the finish of each rotation of the dish. This is a form of adoration common among the Hindus, generally offered to their gods as well as to Gurus and Royal personages. A Sanskrit address from the Brahmans and a Canarese address from the Inhabitants were presented, the former contain- ing ‘‘ Shlokas” or verses imploring blessings, and the latter the usual expressions of loyalty and affection. By His Highness’ command, the Dewan stood up and made appropriate replies. Atthe conclusion of the Durbar, the officials and leading inhabitants were introduced to the Maharajah. The Royal party, afte? witnessing some fireworks, returned in procession, through the brightly illuminated street to Camp. The town of Sorab is situated on the right bank of the small Dandavati river, on the Shikarpur-Sorab road, 46 miles north-west of Shimoga. It is the head-quarters of the Sorab Taluk and a municipality. It contains a population of about 1,100 Hindus and 200 Mahomedans. Sorab derives its name from Indra’s cow Surabhi, the cow of plenty, which, with four other celestial cows—Nanda, Bhadra, Susilya and Sumana—are said to have shed their milk-daily over the image of Rangandtha, on the bank of the Dandavati, which rises near Sorab and, receiving several minor streams, flows north and west into the Varada near Jedda. Sorab is famous for its sandalwood carvings. The Gudigars or sandalwood carvers reside here. Their delicate and elaborate work is now celebrated in Europe, America, Australia and throughout the civilised world. The carving is considered superior to that of Bombay, Surat or China. The articles manufactured are chiefly, work boxes, writing desks, caskets, cabinets, card cases, fans, album covers and walking sticks. These are PERCY HUGH BENSON, ». s,, Born Ist February 1852; educated at Shrewsbury |School; studied at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital for the Medical Profession; passed fourth into the Indian Medical Service February 1874; arrived in India in November 1874; filled several appointments in the Madras Medical Service; joined the Mysore Commission April 1876 ; appointed Civil Surgeon, Slemoga ; appointed Residency Surgeon Ist April 1881; but again joined the Mysore Service as Civil Surgeon, Mysore, in August 1883; at present holds the above appointment together with that of Superintendent, Mysore Jail, and Chemical Examiner to the Mysore Government. Fred. Ahrlé, Photegrapher. <3 : °F a3" ddvered with minute and rich designs of vegetation, scroll work and figures from the Hindu pantheon, the effect of all which is rich'and elegant; and at all the public Exhibitions in England, France and elsewhere, wherever they have been exhibited, they have attracted great attention: ‘The process of producing these. carvings by using the tinie&t little chisels imaginable, is tedious and requires the greatest care. The Gudigars are able to follow any design which ‘is furnished to them. Plates from Jorrock’s Hunt, and figures in high relief such as Knights in medizval armour have been produced, in exact accordance with the designs given to them. The time and labour necessarily involved in such work render it rather expensive; but as objects of vertu the carved sandalwood of Sorab occupies a high place in the world of art. Unfortunately the number of artizans is limited, so they are unable to comply with the orders they receive and frequently disappoint those who, in order to secure their work, pay them sums in advance, The Varada, of which the Dandavati is a tributary, runs along the western side of the Sorab Taluk, forming in some places the boundary and at one point, near. Banavasé, leaving and re-entering the Taluk. The principal hill is Chandragutti in the west, rismg to 2,836 feet above the level of the sea. The woodland scenery of the Taluk is unique, on: account of the,patches of forest called Kans, which are composed of some of the finest forest to be found in Southern India. These Kans are in small detached patches within clearly demarcated : lines. ‘ This is due to the substratum of laterite which pervades the whole Taluk. Outside the forest, on the high ground, the soil is only about 4 inches in depth; while within, 15 feet from the edge, it is deep and rich enough to support the largest: forest trees. , - These beautiful and evergreen forests abound with the wild pepper vine, the produce of which is largely gathered. The paddy fields in the fhollows are rich. Large game, such as tigers and parithers are to be had and wild elephants occasionally visit the country. Iron ore is largely smelted near Tavanandi and Chittur. The main road from Shikarpur now extends through Sorab to Banavasé. The Siralkoppa-Sagar road runs through much of this Taluk. The trade flows in the direction of Compta in the Canara District. Tuurspay, 24th December 1885, East to Shikarpur, Early this morning, the Royal party left for Shikarpur, 22 miles distant. The Maharajah drove his team, the road was in capital order. Nearly midway between Sorab and Shikarpur is Siralkoppa, in the immediate vicinity of which is the once famous village of Belagd4mvi, with its extensive and interesting ruins. His Highness pulled up at this village, and visited the antiquities with which the place abounds. - Belligdve, or Belligémve, is a village remarkable for its antiquities. Under the Chdlukya and Kalachurya Sovereigns, it was the capital of the Banavasé néd, which was govérned by the Kadamba kings as feudatories. — So far back as in the twelfth century, this place was styled, “The mother of cities,” ‘the capital of ancient cities,” “ the anddi rdjadhéni” which means, immemorial capital. On account of its religious merit, it was called the Dakshina Ked4ra, and it also had the name of Kamatha. It contained five mathas and three puras, the former belonging respectively to the votaries of Vishnu, Siva, Brahma, Jina and Buddha. It acquired great prosperity under the Hoysala Ballilas. Vira Balléla had made it 34 the royal residence. Sixty-two inscriptions found here were photographed, trans- lated and published in a work called ‘Mysore Inscriptions,” compiled by Mr. B. L. Rice, the Director of Public Instruction in Mysore, who 1s an authority upon archeology and has successfully deciphered the old Canarese which had become obsolete as a vernacular. None of the inscriptions date further back than the thirteenth century. From some, it would appear that the village was also called Ballipura or Balipura. ‘The ruined temples of Keddresvara, Pancha Linga, Kartabhésvara, Somésvara and Tripurahantésvara are rich with carving, but are not to be compared with Halébid. These carvings are said to be the handiwork of the famous Mysore architect Jakanachari, but are probably anterior to his age. The two fine dvdrapdlaka figures at the entrance of the Museum in Bangalore were brought from the Pancha Linga temple. In the afternoon, the Royal party continued their journey and crossing the Kumadvati, an affluent of the Toongabhadra, they reached Shikarpur, at 12 | noon. ‘The small Travellers’ Bungalow was in readiness for His Highness’s reception and the Camp was pitched close by. In the evening, the Maharajah went out, accompanied by the Dewan, to inspect certain fields. The Shanbogue or Village Accountant was in attendance with his accounts and His Highness. made the most searching inquiries into the various matters connected with these fields, thus shewing the real interest he takes in even minor questions of business that pass under his review. The completion of the survey has rendered the system of check by comparison with plans very complete. Fripay, 25th December 1885, Camp Shikarpur. His Highness accompanied by Major Martin, Doctor Benson, the Ursoos and the Deputy Commissioner rode out and had a beat for tiger, but they re- turned without getting sight of any. In the afternoon, the usual Durbar was held and presentations of the officials and residents took: place. Jn the evening, the Royal party went out in procession on elephants; and the main street being a long one, the sight was imposing and created much interest among the inha- bitants. His Highness visited the Anjanya Temple. Anjanya is also called Hoochoo Raya or the mad deity. The procession then returned to Camp. The town of Shikarpur is situated near the right bank of the Choradi or Kumadvati, on the Honnali-Sorab road, 28 miles north-west of Shimoga. It is the head-quarters of the Shikarpur Taluk and a municipality, and was for some time occupied as a Military Station. The population consists of about 1,800 Hindus and 300 Mahomedans. This town is said to have been founded by ono Maliya after whom it was originally called Maliyanhulli.. This name was changed to Mahadanpur by the Keladi Chiefs when they gained possession of it. Its present name of Shikarpur or Shikaripur (which means hunting or hunter’s town) was given during the time of either Haidar or Tippu, who are said to have met with abundant game during a royal hunt. The old fort at the western end is now in ruins, but there is a very picturesque old stone well to be seen with steps lead- ing down to it on all four sides built by a Mahomedan noble who rendered good service to the Duke of Wellington in his pursuit of Dundiah Row Pundit. | The Taluk is crossed from south to north by the Choradi or Kumadvati, which forms the large Madak-Maisur tank on the northern frontier. There are lines of low hills on all sides, covered with jungle which gives shelter to numerous 35 tigers, cheetas, and other wild beasts, The principal cultivation is that of sugar- cane, the jaggory made from which is a staple article of export. The Honnali- Sorab road passes through Shikarpur, whence roads to Kumsi and to Anantapur branch off. From Siralkoppa, which is the chief trading mart in these parts, a road - leads off south to Sagar. | | - Sarurpay, 26th December 1885, South Hast to Saulanga. | The Maharajah and party left this morning for Saulanga, a small village in the Honnali Taluk, eighteen miles distant from Shikarpur. His Highness drove his team and had to pass over two nullahs which are now being bridged. Saulanga was selected for the Camp, as lying in the most direct le to Shimoga, which is 144 miles further off. The officials and some of the leading inhabitants of the Honnali Taluk were in waiting to receive His Highness. In the evening, the usual Durbar was held and presentations made. An address, in Canarese, was - presented to the Maharajah by the people of Honnali, and the Dewan, by His Highness’ command, made a short reply, There was a fine display of fireworks. A Mahomedan brought a few balloons of his own manufacture from Honnali and let them off. They ascended to a great height and afforded amusement to the Royal party and to all those who were assembled there. | Saulanga is situated on the District Fund Road leading to Shikarpur and is the halting place for the pilgrims who annually, in large numbers, to about ten thousand, visit the jd¢hré car feast of the Hoochoo Rayasawmy or mad deity of Shikarpur. It is also about 3 miles distant from the Honnali gold fields, and the important trading mart of Nampti. | Sunpay, 27¢h December 1885, South East to Shimoga. From an early hour in the morning, people began to assemble in groups all along the Saulanga-Shimoga road to a distance of three miles from Shimoga, with the view of securing prominent places on the roadside, to have a good look at the expected Royal procession. They had however not long to wait ; as His High- ness had arranged to arrive at Shimoga at 9 a.m. and his punctuality is well known. The Silledar guard of honor was drawn up about three miles from Shimoga and. precisely at a quarter to nine, a Sowar came dashing up to announce the néar approach of the Royal party; and five minutes afterwards, the Royal personage arrived in the four-in-hand drag, drawn by a postilion team. The Silledar Resalla, or guard of honor saluted and fell back, forming a very imposing escort. His Highness looked his best, though perhaps a little tanned in the face from exposure ; but in excellent health. The procession moved on slowly, the crowd preventing rapid locomotion. Atthe Reception Pandal, the assemblage was so great that there was hardly an inch of vacant ground, and it. was with difficulty the carriage was taken under the Pandal. The Police, however, kept the mob in order. The Maharajah was received by the Deputy Commissioner Mr. V. P. Madhava — Row, amidst loud clapping of hands and showers of flowers. His Highness and the Dewan alighted from the carriage, and the Maharajah took his seat in the Pandal, which was erected at the very entrance of the Town, and was taste- fully got up with an inscription, “‘ Welcome to Shimoga!” - To the right of His Highness was the Dewan, and behind them were seated all the European ladies and gentlemen who were present. The President of the Municipality introduced the 36 Members to the Maharajah; and their Vice-President Mr. Nagaisha Row read a Canarese address, which was presented in an elegant and elaborately carved sandalwood casket. The carving on the casket represents the Malndd jungle and sporting scenes which were quite appropriate, as the gift of the Malndd subjects of His Highness. The address'being translated was to the following effect :— ‘We beg leave to approach your Highness’ presence with this address of welcome. — ‘The present visit which your Highness has been graciously pleased to pay to this important station naturally recalls to our mind two similar occasions on which we had the privilege of welcoming our beloved Sovereign amongst us. ‘In 1874, we welcomed our Maharajah, still in his youth, to whose awakening mind, the Malndd would no doubt have contributed many pleasing and instructive sights. In 1879, Your Highness was welcomed by us as the ‘pro- mising Prince taking a survey of his dominions preparatory to entering on the responsible duties of a Sovereign. It.is now our privilege to tender our homage to our ruling King, come amongst us to see how his loyal subjects in the remote parts of his Dominions prosper under His rule. Allow us to assure Your Highness that your subjects are happy and contented under Your Highness’ benign adminis- tration. It will unnecessarily prolong this address if we attempted to enumerate the beneficient measures we are indebted for, to Your Highness’ rule, introduced by Your Highness for advancing the prosperity and well. bemg of your subjects. We cannot however omit to express our gratitude for that great boon which under the advice of your noble ministers Your Highness conferred on us at the very outset of Your Highness’ assumption of the Government. We mean the Representative Assembly at the Dassara. This privilege, which the Dewan was pleased to announce at the last Dassara it was Your Highness’ gracious pleasure to further enlarge and develope, has enabled us to represent our grievances and obtain redress, in a manner which no administrative vigilance and solicitude could have achieved. ‘While duly acknowledging the endeavours of Your Highness to promote the happiness of your subjects, we shall not be wanting in our duty to ourselves if we failed to represent to Your Highness that a great deal more yet remains to be done in the way of removing some of the burdens on agriculture and trade: fore- most is the heavy taxation on Supari. ‘While the sister industry of coffee has had every facility given for a vigorous growth and expansion, Supari has been very unfortunate in the treatment it has received at the hands of the Mysore adminis- tration. We shall not trouble Your Highness with the details of what we wish to have done in regard to this industry. We have every confidence that once the subject has been brought to your notice, Your ‘Highness will, through your res- ponsible ministers, remove every impediment in the way of this great source of national prosperity in this part of Your Highness’ kingdom. Allow us to express a hope that Your Highness will continue to gladden our hearts with frequent visits to this District. ‘Wishing Your Highness, Her Highness the Maharani and the young Prince and Princess long life and prosperity.” The Maharajah was much pleased at his cordial reception and the loyalty of the citizens of Shimoga. By his command the Dewan replied to the address, “royduasojoug ‘ayy “poly “mo, sty uo ‘HvevuvHV]_ oy} Aq posn nVaT, pue Ova ST, * 37 stating, that deep and abiding as had been the impression produced upon His Highness’ mind by the warm loyalty and attachment: evinced on the occasion of his two previous visits to this city, the cordial reception of to-day far exceeded His Highness’ expectations, that His Highness attaches a special value to the senti- ments of attachment to his Throne and person to which expression had been given this day, because he regards it, in some measure, as the outcome of intelligent ap- preciation of His Highness’ efforts since the rendition to govern his country for ‘the good of the people; and that the hearty welcome given to His Highness on’ previous occasions, during his minority, was due to desire for native rule and attachment to His Highness’ Throne; and now when after 5 years of active Gov- ernment His Highness came among his people the very loyal manner in which they had received him and the attachment evinced towards his Throne and person, were highly gratifying. The Deputy Commissioner offered a garland of flowers and a hand- some bouquet to His Highness, who, after graciously receiving them, proceeded in his carriage and four to the Public Offices, the upper story of which had been elegantly fitted up by the Reception Committee who had imported all the furniture from Madras. There were a drawing room, a Durbar hall, and a bed room, all thoroughly furnished. The Durbar hall was tastefully got up with ferns from Malndd and foliage plants. The bed room commanded a fine view of the sur- rounding country. The lady guests, on inspecting these apartments, pronounced them to be “simply lovely.” The credit of having got up the place so nicely for the Royal guest was due to Mr. Sausman, Civil Surgeon, who was ably assisted by two other officials, Mr. J. C. Ball and Mr. Sreenevasa Row, all of whom might have been seen for more than two weeks past, attending personally to the arrange- ments which were so well completed. The decorations were not confined to the Royal residence alone; the ‘whole town assumed a holiday garb. Venetian Poles, triumphal arches and pandals were constructed in every imaginary variety throughout the streets and at very short distances from each other. AH this gave the town a gay appearance, and the mottoes and inscriptions on the pandals and arches denoted the enthusiasm, loyalty and affection of the people towards their youthful Sovereign. The follow- ing are some of the inscriptions:—‘‘ Justice adorns our King’s rule!” “‘ Virtue _ crowns our Maharajah!” “God bless the heir apparent!” and ‘ Long life to the Maharajah !” The programme for the rest of: the day was the ceremony of formally opening a Park and the illumination of the tank, known as English’s tank. The Park consists of a piece of open land lying between the town and the public offices. ' The idea of converting this land into a Park and planting it up, as a place of resort and amusement for the townsfolk, originated with Mr. G. F. Meiklejohn, Deputy Commissioner and Mr. T. Raghavendra Rao, Assistant Commissioner, when they were located in Shimoga, It may not be out of place to mention here, that Mr. and Mrs. Girdle- stone and Miss Black had returned yesterday morning to Shimoga direct from the Gersoppa Falls. The officers of the Mysore Government, members of the Bar, Municipal Commissioners and others received him under a large pandal, just opposite the Deputy Commissioner’s residence which he occupied during his stay ‘in Shimoga. In the evening, some of the officers of the station were admitted to ® ‘ ; "38 private interviews with the Resident. At 5 p.m. Mr. Girdlestone accompanied by Mr. L. Ricketts, Inspector General of Forests, drove out a couple of miles from the town, to inspect a Sandalwood plantation. At 5 o’clock p.m. precisely, the Royal Party drove to the Park, where a -large gathering of the people were in attendance to witness the interesting ceremony about to take place. On the arrival of the Maharajah, a deputation of the leading inhabitants waited on him with an address, which the Deputy Commis- sioner Mr. Madhava Row read out, as follows :— ; “© May iT PLEASE YouR HIGHNESS. ‘‘The question of opening out a Park in Shimoga has been under the consideration of the Municipality from the days of the old Commission. But owing to one cause or another, the Municipality has not been able to give practi- cal effect to the idea until within the last few months. We have now the honor of soliciting Your Highness to formally imaugurate the Park and to allow us to call it the ‘‘ Maharajah’s Park,” ‘Tt is superfluous for us to dilate on the advantages resulting from open _ air exercise and recreation, especially to the inhabitants of a thickly populated town. The existence of a park like the present one in close proximity to the town cannot fail to be attended with the best possible results, . “ India in days of old was not a stranger to beautiful parks and well-laid gardens, But, as in other matters, the benefits resulting from these were confined to a few. ‘‘ But it is to modern times and especially to European countries, that we owe the idea of having places for recreation, where both the rich and the poor could enjoy the beauties of nature and have the benefits of open air exercise, so conducive to a healthy state of body and mind. “‘ We are glad to observe the special attention which Schools and Colleges now-a-days pay to physical exercise. The love of sports and exercise implanted thus in the rising generation, would require a field for its continuance and suste- nance in after life. This desideratum we trust every town would supply by the opening out of public gardens and parks. ' “ Another object we have in view in connection with this Park is, that it might serve as a place for the collection of rare plants indigenous to this Province, and that, while affording agreeable recreation on the one hand it might also serve to impart instruction on the other. ‘‘ We feel sure that the interesting ceremony at which we have solicited Your Highness to assist, will be most agreeable to Your Highness’ feelings, considering Your Highness’ well known partiality for manly sports and healthy recreations. ‘ “Tn conclusion, allow us to thank Your Highness for the gracious kind- ness with which your Highness has complied with our request to open the Park and also accorded us permission to call it the ‘‘ Maharajah’s Park,” | By the Maharajah’s command the Dewan made a reply, expressing the pleasure it afforded His Highness to be present and to assist in opening the Park* 39 for the benefit of his people in the chief town of the Shimoga District. The Municipality then offered the Maharajah a silver trowel, with which His Highness was pleased to plant the first tree, a, young India Rubber plant (Ficus Hlastica) and declared the ‘‘ Maharajah’s Park” to be henceforth open to the public. Later on, as the shades of evening came on, the Park and the tank were illuminated. Along the inner slope of the tank bund were four rows of lights. At intervals of distances a larger collection of lights were arranged to give the appearance of a Hindu Temple or Pagoda. On the water itself were floating lights made to represent a Hindu Temple Car. These illuminations, as viewed from the Maharajah’s Rooms in the Public Offices, at a distance of about half a mile, were simply beautiful. The effect was greatly enhanced by the reflection in the water of the brilliant display of fireworks on the tank bund; and the absence of smoke, smell of oil and the din and confusion arising from the move- ments of masses of people made the enchanting scene all the more enjoyable. Monday 28¢h December 1885, Camp Shimoga. At 7-30 4.m., the Maharajah rode up to the Jail, and was received by the Superintendent of the Jail and the Jailor at the Main gate. Each ward and work- shed was minutely inspected. The jail officers were complimented on the clean-. liness of the premises, the very healthy look of the prisoners, and the almost empty hospital. Two or three prisoners were recommended for release and the Maha- rajah graciously promised, to consider their cases and asked the Superintendent to “forward their papers in the usual course for his orders. There is very little manufacture in this jail, although at one time a good deal of useful work, and a little ornamental work as well, were turned out here under the direction of Dr. Benson, but there is a very fine and extensive garden attached to the jail which furnishes the jail population with a constant supply of excellent vegetables, The Roman Catholic Mission was the next place visited in company with the Resident, who joined His Highness on the way from the jail. Over the gateway was an inscription in Latin, ‘ Rex valet prospera.” Father Jacquemine with his Catholics received the party at the gate and led them to the very neat reception pandal in front of the Chapel. On this pandal the words, “Vive le Roi” were neatly inscribed in large letters. There were gathered here all the Catholic Orphans belonging to this mission and living at the farm at Hossur. The Catholics mustered strong and presented the following address :— “eT, © His HicHness CHAMARAJENDRA WADEYAR, G. C. S. LL, . Maya Ragan or Mysorz. May 1T PLEASE YOUR HIGHNESS. -Itis with the deepest feeling of joy and gratitude that the Catho- lic congregation of Shimoga, which numbers 1500, approaches to thank Your Highness for the honor Your Highness has designed to confer upon them to-day. The visit of a sovereign leaves always an impressible souvenir in the hearts of loyal subjects, and the previous visits of Your Highness to this part of the country are still cherished by the people with affection. It is very gratifying to Your Highness’ subjects to think that the hopes that were then entertained of Your Highness have been realised, even far beyond their expecta- tions. ‘The tender solicitude which Your Highness shows for the happiness of your subj ects, and the waceasing care for the development of all that can ensure 40 that happiness, have already earned for Your Highness the everlasting love and gratitude of your subjects, the intelligent appreeiation of the people of India, and the approving recognition of the British Government. 2. We Catholics of Shimoga, cannot allow this occasion to pass without thanking Your Highness for the benefits which Your Highness’ Government has conferred upon us. We enjoy all the blessings of a good and enlightened Govern- ment, equally with subjects of other castes and creeds. Not far from our Town, there is an Orphanage, which thrives under the generous protection of Your High- ness’ Government. At this moment, those parentless children, whom the charity of our Priests gathered, and whom the liberality of Your Highness’ Government has so materially assisted to feed and clothe, are here, with their hearts inflamed with joy and gratitude. These orphans have been brought up in a religion which inculcates ‘ Loyalty to the King” as a sacred rule of life. They have been taught the arts of husbandry, and it is humbly hoped that in course of time, and with the further generous help and favor of Your Highness’ Government, they will settle themselves as industrious agriculturists, yielding to none in their attachment to your Highness’ Throne. . 3. Some time ago, in a public meeting, the British Resident Mr. Girdle- stone, whom it affords us the greatest pleasure to welcome here, acknowledged the devotedness of our Priests, who, leaving their families and father-land, have worked, and are still working, for the intellectual and moral progress of the people of this country. Their singleness of purpose is undoubted, but the success: of their measures, their Schools, their Orphanages, their Churches and Institutions, is in no small degree due, we are glad to acknowledge, to the liberty of action, which they enjoy under Your Highness’s Government and to the sympathy and encouragement they receive from the officers of the Mysore State. 4, This is for us a day of joy, and the events of to-day will ever live fresh in our memory. That the true living,God may bless Your Highness with long life and prosperity, and also the Young Prince Sri Krishnaraj Wadeyar, and make him to grow in length of years, health, and wisdom, is the fervent prayer of | Your Highness’ dutiful subjects.” : The Dewan, at his Royal Master’s bidding, made the following reply :— “ CarHouics or SHrmoGa. | I thank you for the very kind address which you have presented to me, It isa matter of great satisfaction to me to say thus publicly that the Catholic por- tion of my subjects not only in Shimoga, but in all parts of Mysore, are some of the best conducted citizens, living in great harmony with their fellow citizens of other faiths. This is due in no small degree, to the very wholesome influence which your guide and pastor exercises over you, and I take this opportunity to thank the priest of Shimoga and all the priests in Mysore in general, for the very valuable help they rendered during the late famine. One result of their good work is before me just now; these orphans owe a great debt of gratitude to the priests for the parental solicitude which has rescued them from death, and the Government grant to which you have alluded would have ayailed little but for the honest efforts of the Catholic priests. T assure you, gentlemen, it will be the constant aim of my administra- tion to do the very best by my subjects without reference to creed or caste, and I el0pesueg: | "quepIseyy ysylig ‘ANOLSTIGYID "TWO UIT £q posn Kya, pue eva eq, ‘zeqdvisoyoyg ‘umorg “p ‘gO ta 41 glad that you have found sufficient proof of it in the past to assure you of the uture. I thank you again for your address and for your loyalty and devotion to the Mysore Throne.” e “ The Dewan was most enthusiastically cheered. His Highness made a present of fifty Rupees to the Orphans for atreat. The girls sang a blessing as the Maharajah and party-were leaving the pandal. The next place visited was the Government College, where, after being shewn over the whole of the building and after inspecting all the classes, His Highness and Mr. Girdlestone, attended by the Dewan and other officials, took their seats in the big hall, when the Principal, Mr. A. G. King, B.a., read a brief Report, describing the career of the institution from the time it was esta- blished in 1875, and giving the number of students, the fees collected up to the present year, and the number of candidates who ‘had successfully passed the Madras University Examinations. Canarese and Sanscrit compositions by the _ boys were read ; and two students of the F. A. class recited the well known speeches in Shakspear’s Julius Cesar, of ‘ Brutus and Cassius.” After this, the Dewan made the following speech :— , “« STUDENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT COLLEGE AND Hicu Scuoot, SHimoaa. ‘“‘ His Highness asks me to tell you that it has given him great pleasure to pay a visit to this school. He has had an excellent account of your application and industry from your Head Master. The results achieved by you in the recent University Veaviuntions are highly encouraging and His Highness desires me to express to you his conviction that when your life in the little world of your school comes to an end and you enter upon.the larger world of life’s active work, the education you have received and the habits of application that you have formed within these walls will ensure your success in the various occupations which you may be called upon to fill.” ; ‘«¢T have now to make to you an announcement which I am sure you will receive with great eclat. His Highness has been pleased in commemoration of this visit, to make you a present of Rs. 150 for the improvement of your gymnasium and for the purchase of materials for your cricket and other sports.” The students received this intelligence with loud cheers and clapping of hands, thus practically manifesting their joy and gratitude to their Royal bene- factor. Three cheers were given also for the Resident, the Dewan and the Visitors, The Hospital was the next in the programme. Very little however was to be seen there, as it is but a small one with only a few beds. His Highness, after inspecting the place, directed that a verandah at the back of the building similar to the one in front, should be put up. This would certainly add materially to the comfort of the patients and it was very thoughtful of the Maharajah to have suggested the improvement. : His Highness with the Resident and the Dewan and staff then drove on to the Wesleyan Girls’ School, to preside at the distribution of prizes. Near the 42 ‘ Wesleyan Native Chapel, an arch contained an inscription :— ‘ Give the king thy judgments O God, and thy righteousness unto the Prince.” The Rev. Mr. Roberts received the Maharajah at the entrance and led him to the dais in the central hall of the building, All the students were in their best attire, and the spectacle was a gay one; the variety in color and pattern in the dresses of the children added materially to the beauty of the sight, The Rev. Mr. Roberts read a brief address, shewing the hist of the institution and its success—due not inconsider- ably to local patronage—a clear proof that Female Education is gradually winning advocates on its behalf. He then distributed, with His Highness’s permission to the students as well as to the spectators, small lead medals of the size of a silver rupee, on one side of which is the name of His Highness and the year of his visit to Shimoga, and on the other the words “Shimoga, Wesleyan Mission Girls’ School.” This was a good idea of Mr. Roberts and the medal, trifle as it may be now, will acquire an interest in years to come. The Dewan, on behalf of His Highness, made a few complimentary remarks on the progress of the school ; and, at the special command of the Maharajah, Mr. A. Narasimiengar, the Assistant Com- missioner in waiting, offered a few words of advice to the girls. This was very appropriate, as Mr. Narasimiengar has much experience in Female Education and devotes his money, time and strength, unceasingly, for its advancement. The best part of his work is the entire absence of all ostentation ; his speech in Cana- rese was a very practical one; and delivered in a tone of simple earnestness, pro- duced good effect. His advice to the girls that Female Education does not mean insubordination to their parents and neglect of all domestic duties, is just the kind of advice that goes to remove much of the hostile criticism which is directed against Female Education : and there was a look of satisfaction on the faces of many present when these words were spoken. The following is an English trans- lation of the speech :— ‘“‘T am commanded by His Highness to say a few words of instruction to the girls of this school. Having had no time to prepare myself for the occasion, I cannot speak at any length, but will content myself with saying a few words from my experience in connection with the Maharanee’s Girls’ School at Mysore during the past five years, ‘“‘ There is no doubt, that education bestowed on females makes them more moral, wiser, and more clever. However poor they may be, our females have at the least about three hours of leisure every day. Such leisure is spent by the uneducated either in sleep or in gossiping. Their ordinary conversation would probably run thus:—‘‘In yonder house there is a well without water; a man tumbled into it and died; the house is consequently haunted; it is unfit for habita- tion, because several who lived in it, have died.” Such foolish talk, is what they might indulge in, engendering superstition and fear in the minds of their equally ignorant neighbours. ‘Reverse the picture and you behold educated females either reading moral books or historical works to learn what has taken place in other countries ; or they spend their time in reading books on Hygeine, thus learning, for example, that a closed well is full of nauseous and poisonous gases, that it must be freely ventilated before persons could either enter it or use it, and that it is not haunted by ghosts. 43 “¢ Further, the sons of respectable uneducated females donot entertain much respect for their mothers and look upon them as ignorant women. If the mothers are educated, they could look after the education of their sons, and secure both their affection and respect. It is notorious that females are generally duped in the cal- culation of figures. A husband single-handed cannot afford time to attend to his daily avocations and to superintend the education of his children ; he will be great- ly assisted in the education of his children if he be fortunate in having an educat- ed wife. ‘Some girls in school are apt to disregard household work ; this is a seri- ous mistake: the proof of their education should be manifest in their obedient at- tention to their house-hold work, nay in the bestowal of greater care towards it than is the case with their less fortunate uneducated sisters. It will therefore be a move in the right direction if girls in schools are allowed to absent themselves for a day or two in the week to attend to household,work, in obedience to the wishes of their elders at home,” His Highness wound up'the morning’s programme by paying a visit to the Taluk Cutcherry, where the first thing that met.the eye was an inscription “‘ Prosperity attend thy rule!” Unfortunately the Amildar, who was not informed of the intended visit, was not present to shew His Highness over the place. Mr. Nagaisha Row, however, did the needful. The Maharajah then drove to his residence at 11:30 a.m. ‘ In the evening, at 4 p.M., a Durbar was held for the principal inhabitants of the villages around Shimoga. His Highness sat on the dais with the Resident on his right and the Dewan on the left, the staff being seated below on chairs, to the right and left of the dais. His Highness did not lopk tired though his morn- ing had been fully occupied till a late hour. There were upwards of two hundred presentations of Nazar by ryots and merchants from the interior of the District. At 5 p.M., the School sports commenced and appeared to afford great amusement to all, especially to the Maharajah, who had a commanding view of all that went on, from the balcony of the upper story of the Public Offices. Dr. Benson took a leading part in getting off each event of the sports, and materially aided Mr. King, the Principal, in carrying out the programme, which was a very interesting one. The sports were amusing and quite a treat to the assembled crowd. From 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. nautch parties, on one side, and a display of fireworks on the other, tended to enliventhe evening’s entertainment, which one and all seemed heartily to enjoy. The dancing girls consisted of three different sets, who appeared to be vieing with each other by dancing at the same time, but each set dancing to its own music, which was rather distracting. The Resident and Mrs. Girdlestone retired from this gay scene at about 7-30, .while the rest of the party broke up at 8 P.M., when the Maharajah retired, well pleased with the day’s pro- ceedings. In the course of the day, a deputation of Officials and Municipal Commis- sioners waited on Mr. Girdlestone with an address, to which the latter made a suitable reply. The Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Madava Row, although not in the best of health, did all he could to honor and please the visitors, and he is to be congratulated on having succeeded in his laudable efforts, 44 Turspay, 29th December 1886, Camp Shimoga. Precisely at 6 A.M., a party consisting of the Maharajah, his brother-in-law Bassappaji Urs and Dr. Benson rode out to a jungle about 5 miles from Shimoga, where a good beat was organized; but the party were not successful in bagging any- thing. The fact is that shooting game has become a very common occupation with the ryot, and some of the more experienced ‘“ shots” make it their chief object in life and lay themselves out to take a quiet pot at game. The consequence is that game has become very scarce and it is time that some kind of ‘game law” should be introduced for the preservation of game of the same kind as is in force in parts of the Madras Presidency. His Highness returned from the jungle about 12 noon. At 4.m.,a Durbar was held for the townspeople of Shimoga. All the high Government Officials were first introduced to His Highness, then followed the Municipal Commissioners, merchants and. subordinate officials down to clerks drawing 20 Rs. salary. The Resident was seated on the right of the Maharajah and the Dewan on his left. The Nagar Sabha—an institution of recent origin, having for its object the discussion of matters of interest connected © with the Maln4d—then presented the following address :— oc To His HIGHNEss CHAMARAJENDRA WapEyAR, Banapur, G.C.S8.L., . Manarasan or Mysore. May rr piease Your Hicunezss. We, the Members of the Nagar Sabha, most loyally and cheerfully thank Your Highness for the kind visit to these parts and heartily welcome Your High- ness to the Capital of the Nagar Division. 2. Asa safeguard of good Government, Your Highness has appointed a Council of Officers of proved ability and varied experience and established that unique body politic, the ryots’ Representative Assembly of members selected from Taluks to represent the people at the Dassara meeting annually held at Mysore. This was indeed a remarkable feat of statemanship in the history of Mysore, nay « of India itself, accomplished by Your Highness’ first Dewan, the late lamented Mr. Runga Charlu, C.I.E. In our humble opinion, the assembly is, in a degree, ahead of the Local Self-Government scheme in the British Province of India, and — its perpetuation will be a suitable monument in commemoration of that eminent minister’s services to the country. 3. We congratulate ourselves on the narrow escape we have had from the terrors of drought, which threatened our Maidan Taluks this year. The later rains altered the aspect, so as to give an out-turn of food grains from 2 to 3 crop. We cannot omit to note here the precautionary and energetic measures adopted by Your Highness’ Government to face the distress, should it have shown itself, evidencing the ability and foresightedness of the Dewan now. at the head of the Administration. After issuing clear orders on the subject, Ke would not rest satisfied until he came out to see things for himself, when, however, an All-merci- ful God aided his efforts by sending down copious showers. 45 e : 4, Land tax should engage our first attention, but the subject is too important to be taken up without proper statistics. 5. Industrial enterprises seem to deserve peculiar notice in our country, distinguished, as it is, for its mineral wealth, amongst others. Iron is manufac- tured from ore from timesimmemorial, and the mines are said to be inexhaustible. A qualified geologist might be deputed to test the localities and report as to whether the establishment of a factory will pay. . I 6. The prosperity of the country will materially improve if the Railway is linked from either Harihar or Berur to Shimoga, through which extensive ' quantities of coffee, supari, timber and sandalwood, can be profitably carried, while the Maidan Taluks will be immensely benefited in times of drought. 7. In conclusion we most earnestly wish Your Highness and Your Highness’ illustrious line continued health and prosperity.” The Dewan, by ‘His Highness’ command, read the following reply.:— ‘‘ GENTLEMEN OF THE Nacar SapHa. “Tt gives me great pleasure to know that a Sabha has been constituted in these parts for the consideration and discussion of matters of public interest. A Sabha with such an object, if properly and efficiently conducted, will always receive attention from my Government, as being a means of obtaining valuable information for administrative purposes. I sincerely hope that your young Sabha, will, in course of time, become useful, . : I am glad to find from your address (for which please accept my thanks) that the annual Dassara Assembly of representative ryots and merchants has gained your intelligent appreciation and confidence. I must tell you that the success of the experiment must, toa great extent, depend upon the representatives them- selves, and I sincerely trust that the Assembly will, at no distant date, become a most valuable instrument for the representation of public wants, and the suggestion of measures calculated to better the condition of the people. It is indeed most gratifying to me, as it is no doubt to you, that we have, under Providence, so recently escaped from severe drought and widespread scarcity. The timely fall of the October rains saved us from such a calamity, and it is re- ported to me that a very fair average crop in all the Maidan Taluks has been secured. When the Railway line is extended from Gubbi to Harihar, due consi- deration will be given to your application to connect Shimoga with it: and the Government will take an early opportunity to act upon your suggestion to depute a qualified officer for the purpose of reporting upon the mineral resources of the country. GenTLemen,—After a tour of nearly ‘one month in the Malndd, through country of vatied scenery and beauty, now that Iam about leaving it, I take this opportunity to assure you that I have been deeply moved by the enthusiastic, loyal and.cordial, reception which has every where been accorded to me; and I thank ou, and through you, all my Malndd subjects, for your good wishes towards me ? : ‘ and my family. 46 As there was a very large gathering of the people, who could not find accommodation in the Durbar hall, the Dewan went out into the spacious verandah and from there made a speech in Canarese, the substance of which is as follows :— ‘¢ His Highness the Maharajah has been very much pleased with what he saw and learnt about the condition of his subjects in the various Taluks of this District during the past 20 days; and as here, to-day, are assembled the inhabi- tants of Shimoga, the Members of the Nagar Sabha, and the principal men from Taluks, His Highness commands me to inform you, that he is very glad to find that the annual Representative Assembly at Mysore is appreciated by all his subjects. This Assembly affords special facilities to the Government to learn how far their intentions and orders are given effect to, and it is His Highness’ chief desire that the Institution should grow day by day. ‘Tn the Address presented by the inhabitants of this place, it is represented that Supari gardens have not been given the same. concessions as Coffee gardens. It is unnecessary to reduce the rate of assessment on Supari gardens to that on Coffee gardens ; for, while from time immemorial, bagayat lands enjoy facilities regarding means of irrigation &c., which have been provided at a heavy cost by Government, no such facilities have been afforded to Coffee gardens, and it is there- fore unnecessary to reduce the long existing, assessment on Supari gardens. The Land Revenue Code provides against the levy of increased assessment on bagayat lands improved with private capital; the assessment on such lands will be at the rates on adjoining lands: this, it is hoped will meet the requirements. The Sayer duty on Supari is a subject of complaint. Although it is not now convenient to reduce the duty, it is His Highness’ desire, to abolish it when the financial condi- tion of the province improves. “Tt is gratifying that the advantages‘@f Railway communication to these parts are understood by all the people. The Railway up to Gubbi has been completed, and negotiations are in progress for the extension of the line from Gubbi to Harihar: when the Gubbi-Harihar line is completed, the opening of a branch line from Berur to Shimoga will be considered. : ‘His Highness has been deeply touched with the loyalty and attachment of his subjects in all places; and the Biimogs District, with its various places of Puranic interest, with its beautiful areca gardens and lands shining with crops, has made a more permanent impression on his mind than the other Districts, and His Highness takes this opportunity to assure you that the affairs of this interesting District, though situated at a distance from the seat of the Government, will receive every attention.” The acrobatic feats and wrestling then followed. After witnessing them, the Resident took leave of His Highness and’ left at 5-30 p.m. for Shimoga via Benkipore, the first stage on the way. Shortly after dusk, the Maharajah retired for dinner, preparatory to being taken round the town in procession, which proved to be the grandest ever seen in Shimoga. Every street in the town was uluminated, and likewise some of the big houses. The lighting was rendered still more effective by a large number of torches and blue lights and fireworks. It had all the appearance of a Dassara procession at Mysore: there were between - twenty and twenty-five thousand people gathered together that night : they formed a sea of heads and under the reflection of torches and blue lights the sight was saoqdessozoqg ‘ITV “Pod, sc “RAIVASOPLIL ,, PUB Copo OPLIMOALT SITY UO HVCVAVHV]T OY, 47 = r ' . , - really very effective. Five elephants took part in the procession, the Maha- rajah’s elephant with its chaste howdah, in which the Maharajah, his brother and brother-in-law were seated, leading in front. On-the remaining elephants, were seated the Dewan, ‘Chief Secretary and other Officials. The procession started from the Royal residence at about 8 P.m., and returnedat 1 in the morning. The whole distance traverse was about 4 miles, and a halt of a few minutes had to be made at every furlong or so, to admit of the nautch girls entertaining His High- ness with songs and dances, according to custom. Three large balloons were sent up into the air and after gradually ascending in front of His Highness, they finally disappeared in space. . It is gratifying to note, that during the three days of His Highness’ stay ° at Shimoga, the immense crowds which had assembled from all parts of the District were guilty of no act of rowdyism, and there was not a single accident, although the press of the crowd wherever His Highness was seen was so great as to be- almost beyond the control of the Police. Shimoga is the head-quarters of the Taluk as well as chief town of the District. Both District and Taluk bear its name. It is situated on the left bank of the Tunga over which, just’ at the entrance to the town, is a substantial bridge of 17 arches which with a similar bridge over the Badra at Benkipur, were built in the days of the late Sir Mark Cubbon, under the immediate direction of Sub-Engineer, Mr. Christopher Sylk. Shimoga is 171 miles north-west of Bangalore, on the Bangalore-Gersoppa road. Its population is estimated at 12,000 inhabitants, of whom about 8,000 are Hindus, 3,000 Mahomedans, 500 Christians and the remain- ing 500 Jains and others. = 9 Shimoga derives its name either from Shiva-Mukha, the face of Shiva, or from Shi-moge, sweet pot, an appellation given to it by a rishi who here found-the savoury herbs which he compounded for his daily meal. Little is known of its history, but that it was one of the possessions of the Ikkéri chiefs. A battle was fought in the neighbourhood, in 1798, between the Mahrattas under Parasu Ram Bhao and Tippu Sultan’s forces under Muhammad Reza, the Benki Navab; when the latter being defeated, Shimoga was besieged. The garrison was forced to capi- tulate and the Mahrattas plundered and burnt the town. The scattered survivors - of the population returned on the withdrawal of their army ; but after the fall of Seringapatam the place was again pillaged by Dhundia, who left Shimoga and the neighbouring villages a heap of ruins. Being made the head-quarters of the Dis- trict and. of the Nagar Division, it has gradually risen in population and wealth, Wepnespay, 30¢4 December 1885, South East to Tarikere. At 5-30 a.m. the Maharajah bade farewell to Shimoga and proceeded to Tarikere, escorted by the Deputy Commissioner Mr. Madava Row, the Executive Engineer Mr. Nagavkar, and the Sessions Judge Mr. Narahari Row. His. High- ness was met at the bridge by the principal officials and inhabitants of the Station . and Mr. Bhima Row im a few words thanked His Highness for honouring Shimoga with a visit and hoped that His Highness would repeat his visit every year. His Highness replied in a few well chosen words, thanking the deputation for the cordial reception he had received and expressed himself thoroughly pleased with his trip. His Highness then drove off amid loud cheers and sprinkling of flowers. His Highness reached Benkipur at about 94.m. The neighbouring 48 Gowdas had mustered strong to present their Nazars, two of the richest of them, © father and son, presented.a plate each, full of gold and silver coins. The Maha- rajah touched and gave back the Nazars; some of the coins were of great anti- quity. There was no time to examine them as it was growing hot, and 12 miles more had to be got over to reach Tarikere. The road all along was through beautiful country ; in many places the Maharajah drove slowly to enjoy the scenery—beautiful grassy hills in the back ground with portions of their sides. clothed with jungle containing many a lofty tree, a tank or two filled with water, and herds of cattle grazing in the maidan in the fore-ground, all added to the | beauty of the landscape. On the frontier between the Kadur and the Shimoga Districts, His High- ness was received under a pandal by the Deputy Commissioner, his staff of Assist- ants, the Assistant Engineer, and the Amildar. The Royal party drove up to a mile and a half from Tarikere, where a large procession received the Maharajah, - the merchants throwing over his head flowers made of pure silver and gold—an entirely oriental mode of doing homage to a Sovereign. The horses were walked the remaining distance ; the crowd in front was as great, if not greater, than in Shimoga. As previously arranged, the Resident arrived in Tarikere first, and was received by the leading gentlemen, in the Pandal in front of Mr. Naranappa’s Chattram. Flowers, fruits and garlands were presented to him, and he was escorted to the Travellers’ Bungalow, which His Highness reached at 11 a.m., and where he put up for the day. The Bungalow was chastely decorated with a neat pandal in front. His Highness stopped in the pandal for a few minutes, while garlands and fruits were presented by the leading residents; and some Brahmin priests recited several ‘‘Mantrams” (prayers) and ‘ Slokams,” (verses), and showered flowers on the Maharajah. There were several mottos put up. A most amusing one was on the ene opposite the Resident’s quarters, “‘ Lord have mercy on us,” in large golden letters. The ignorant man who was responsible for this motto hardly understood the meaning attached to it when used for such a purpose; as it might signify that pressure had been placed upon the inhabitants in respect to furnishing supplies, from which exactions they desired to appeal to the Resident for help. The town was ‘decorated in very fine style. As far as the eye could reach flags floated in the breeze far over hill and plain. In addition to the Durbar pandal three others were erected in different parts of the town which is a good number for such a small place. The Durbar pandal was artistically got up, with ornaments unique in their way, consisting of parrots of different colours, formed of long grass. fastened together with wire. These were much admired, and the Maharajah took away a number of them with him, which mark of appreciation of their value afforded gratification to the makers. In the evening, at 5-30 p.m., the Maharajah, the Resident, the Dewan and staff started from the Travellers’ bungalow, in the drag drawn by a postilion team. The procession passed through the principal streets which had all been neatly decorated, and the houses on either side were white and colour wash- ed. There were several handsome pandals and triumphal arches, the best being in front of the Pollegars’ houses. In the streets of the houses occupied by Brahmans, bands of pretty little girls, richly dressed and jewelled, waved lights, which they held in their little hands, as the procession passed by. This is another oriental ceremony to shew honour to a Sovereign. The reception in front of the new Musjid erected by a Mussalman Sowcar was very enthusiastic ; trays of 49 _gold and silver flowers were emptied on His Highness who was pressingly invited to go down to the Musjid to inspect the building. 1twasnot yet consecrated, and hence all were allowed to enter it with boots and shoes on. For the Maharajah, a temporary throne was put up in the place which would hereafter be considered the most sacred part of the builfting. The throne was gorgeously lined with silver and gold lace and the hall was brilliantly lit up. Here again, gold and silver flowers were thrown on His Highness and on the Resident, who was. seated on the right of the throne, the Dewan being on the left. An eloquent Hindustani address was presented and acknowledged in suitable terms. The Sowcar then presented uttar and pan to His Highness, the Resident, and the guests. Leaving the Musjid, the procession moved on to the Reception Pandal passing through long streets illuminat- ed with huge blue lights, torches and innumerable lamp posts. the pandal was the prettiest seen during the tour. A man from Conjevaram was its designer and builder. It was rich and chaste in decoration and there was a finish about it which was not seen elsewhere. In the Durbar, there were upwards of 100 presentations of Nazar, which as usual were touched and given back. Then the. Dewan, by His Highness’. command, made a brief reply to an address presented by the Municipality and expressed the Maharajah’s gratification at the loyal sentiments to which expression had been given. The proceedings of the day were brought to an end, with a pyrotechnic display. Some of the rockets were of quite an unusual kind, which is accounted. for by the fact that they were manufactured by one who -hails from’ the Celestial Empire. He was sent for all the way from Conjevaram, which speaks not a little for the enthusiasm of the people of Tarikere, to entertain their-ruler. The Maha- rajah sent for the man and complimented him on his success. His Highness was also pleased to thank the Municipality, through the President, the Amildar, for the enthusiastic and kind reception which had been given him. His Highness then returned to the Bungalow, about 9-30 P. m. Tarikere is the Head-quarters of the Tarikere Taluk and has a munici- pality. The population of the town numbérs about 4,400 Hindus, 900 Maho- medans.and 20 Christians and Jains. ’ Tarikere appears to have had its origin in the town of Katur, founded in the vicinity, at the end of the 12th century, by one of the Balldla kings, in obedi- énce to the commands of the goddess Rénuka-paramésvari, who appeared to him in a vision, The town and neighbouring territory were bestowed, it is said, on a chief named Kanehada Arasu., A descendant of his, named K4ma Chakresvara Raya, fortified K4mandurga on the Baba Budans. The territory was afterwards subdued by Bukka Raya of Vijayanagar, and given to one of his Dandyaks or generals. The latter was succeeded at his death by Sdluva Narsinga Raya, who transferred it to his brother Kartika Réya and retired to Benkipur. Krishna Raya, the son of Kértika Raya, constructed many useful irrigation works during his reign ; among others the Tarikere-katte-holé. His son-in-law Halé Rama Réya followed, in whose time the territory was subdued by the Bijapur army. = The territory of K4tur is said to have been subsequently bestowed upon Sarja Hanumappa Nayak, Palégar of Basvapatna, by the Moguls. A descendant of the same name, while hunting, saw a hare turn upon the hounds, and erected on the spot where this occurred the fort and town of Tari-kere, so named from the number of tari trees (mimosa catechu) which grew there. The date assigned for this event is 1569. This line of chiefs, since known as the ‘Tarikere Palégars, con- 50 tinued in power till subdued in 1761 by Hyder Ali, who annexed the territory to Mysore, granting the chief a maintenance allowance. The representative of the house took a leading part in the rebellion of 1830, which ended in the assumption of the government by the British. His son continued at large creating disturbances till 1834, when he was seized and hanged. oN Tuurspay, 31st December 1885, South to Kalhatti. bi It was rather a disappointment for the people of Tarikere that His High- ness’s stay there was so short. They had evidently not seen enough of him as in the morning, when the Maharajah left for Kalhatti, the people kept running alongside of the carriage for a mile or two.. The road from Tarikere to Lingadahalli, the first village on the way, is through scrub jungle over hills, with the Bababudan range in the.back ground. Here and there were clear- ings of scrub, with a small village, a little dry cultivation, and in the low ground a fair extent of supari and cocoanut gardens. The little tanks met with, were pretty full and judging from the numerous stacks on the fields, it may be fairly presumed that the outturn of the harvest was about the average. At Lingada- halli, which is at the foot of the Bababudans, His Highness halted for breakfast. The Deputy Commissioner and the Amildar brought news of a recent kill in the jungle close by. A shikar party was at once organized, and His Highness started with great glee and full of hope, notwithstanding that the sun was hot and scorch- ing. “Your Highness will get nothing to-day” croaked one of the Staff, and he was punished by exclusion from the shikar party. The beat lasted till 3 in the afternoon ; there were two or three beats and any amount of yelling by the beaters, but all to no purpose: His Highness returned quite disappointed.. A good lunch under a shady tree, however, soon revived his spirits and the journey was resumed to Kalhatti. The drive up to the Santaveri hill was delightful in spite of | the sun. Santaveri was reached about sunset and the temperature was nice and ~ cool. His Highness here met the Resident who had gone up in advance. From Santaveri to Kalhatti the Royal Party proceeded on horseback and reached camp about 6-30 p.m. ‘The weather and scenery around resembled those of Ootacamund. The whole country at the foot of Kalhatti partakes of the same character as the views from the top of Snowdown on the Neilgherries, from where the Mysore table-land is seen. The sides of the ravines were clothed with forest, familiarly known as Sholas, with perennial springs starting from them, forming tiny streams _ just then, but becoming miniature mountain torrents during the monsoon. Fripay, lst January 1886, Camp Katlhatti. The royal party ascended the top of Kalhatti-giri, or the Kalhatti peak in the morning at about ¢ to 7. It was rather too early to see anything of the — country, as a thick mist overspread it. Gradually, ‘by 1 past 8 it cleared up, when the huge tanks of Ayankeri and Madag, the various important peaks of the Bababudans close by and the famous Kodachadri in the far distance became’ visi- ble. The whole of the Jagar valley lay in front in the form of a horse-shoe, a magnificent tract of country with excellent soil and an abundant water-supply.: Its malarious fever of a deadly character and want of proper communication with, the great centres of trade still keep it in its primitive state. With the exception. only of a few clearings here and there the valley consists of dense jungle. Far away to the west lay the outlying spur of hills that culminate in the two: small. peaks known as Cannon’s nose from their situation close to the Mailamoni Coffee d1 Estate, and beyond them the superb Kalasa peak known from its pre-eminence as the Merti Gudda with the well wooded and many hilled country: of Koppa through which His Highness had just traversed and which once from its inaccessibility was a sealed book to the aughorities. This curious region is quite unique, both the country and the people having many peculiarities. An apt description of it, is given in a Kanarese saying which is quoted by Mr. Bowring in his “ Eastern Experiences.” It is as follows :— Mira Savira Varah4 Aru Savira Gudda Hanéradu Sévira Paisdch Kaédella Champaka Urella Heggadé which, being translated, signifies— i Three thousand pagodas (i.¢., 10,000 rs. revenue) _ Six thousand hills Twelve thousand devils In every thicket the Champaka (a tree famous for its fragant flowers) In every village a Heggadé (a Jain Headman). The inscription is not inappropriate, save perhaps the devils, though the people of the country are firmly persuaded that these are as thick as they can stand, and, as ‘in'the Sagar country, one frequently sees sheds in the jungles, dedicated to Daiva Kuppina, or Panjuwalli, a sylvan spirit, who, in his malevolent qualities, seems to rival the Bir Devaru of that region. | The Maharajah descended the hill at 10 a.m. On the way he met the Resident and Mrs. Girdlestone who were then going up the'peak. “His Highness wished them the compliments of the season and returned to the bungalow, not by any means fatigued. from the climb. . a Kalhatti is situated below Kalhatti-giri and is the hot-weather retreat for the European officials of the Nagar Division. There is a bungalow with out- offices built during the administration of Sir Mark Cubbon, when the place was much resorted. to. by the European. officers. eo ‘Kalhatti-giri peak is 6,155 feet above the level of the sea and only 60 feet less in‘height than Kudura Mukh or Horse-face mountain, the loftiest peak in the Western Ghauts of Mysore. + ; On the road to Kalhatti about four miles distant from Santaveri, is the experimental chinchona plantation, formed by the Mysore Government when under the administration of the British Commission. This plantation just before the Rendition contained about 30,000 trees of different ages, all of the succirubra species.’ The more valuable, but less hardy, spécies, of Chinchona Calisaya and Chinchona officianalis have also been tried, but without success. The bark grown here was submitted to analysis by Mr. Broughton, Quinologist to the Madras a ‘Government, who obtained the following results :— id Chinconidine | Pure Sulphate of | Other.Sul- Alkal e d Quinine. |. and Quinine obtained | phates of OlgSy Chinchonine. crystallized. Quinine. Trunk “a wd 4:50 86 3-64 61 2°35 Branch wag es 1°48 "42 1:05 30 60 52 The above analyses shewed that, while as a source of alkaloids the bark of the Bababudan plantation was of satisfactory quality, it was inferior in yield of total alkaloids to the bark from trees of the same age on the Nilgiris, namely, branch bark 2°28 per cent, trunk bark 6:49 per cent. ‘ But though the amount of alkaloids is thus less, Mr. Broughton observes, ‘than is usual with good India grown bark, it fully equals the yield of ordinary red bark from South America,’ Tn his opinion, the advantage of the present elevated site of the plantation might be relinquished in favour of one situated on the lower slopes of the hills, and on the side exposed to the south-west monsoon, in order to obtain the requisite condi- | tions of a better soil and more abundant rainfall. This experimental plantation was sold by auction after the Rendition, by order of the'late Dewan Mr. Rungacharlu, and it was purchased by Mr. John Sylk, the eldest son of the Sub-Engineer who built the Benkipur and Shimoga bridges. Santaveri is a small village, principally composed of Lambanis, situated on the eastern face of the Bababudan mountains, just below Kaman-Durga. It is on the Chickmagalur-Tarikere road, about midway between those two places. A road hence leads to Kalhatti and the summit of the mountains. Some of the best Coffee Estates in these parts are situated in Santaveri and its neighbourhood. The pioneers of Coffee cultivation were the Dentons, members of: whose family still hold the most extensive and valuable Estates, such as Sumpigay, Hosa Khan, Muskul-murdi, and others. The principal Proprietor of these Estates now is Mr. Henry Courpalais who came from the Western Coast to this place, some forty years ago, a poor and penniless lad, with his. brother-in-law, one of the Dentons, and by his own exertions and perseverance is, at the present time, one of the largest and wealthiest Coffee Planters in the Bababudans. It is but fair to add that Mr. Courpalais is very much esteemed by the natives, in all the surround- ing villages, who look upon him with respect and affection. As a sports-- man, though advanced in years, he still stands foremost amongst his brother planters. In Santaveri itself are the extensive Coffee Estates of Messrs. Ross Porter and Co. Colonel Porter, when he retired from the office’ he held of Superintendent of the Nagar Division in the Mysore Commission purchased the place, and with the aid of his enterprising son and those associated with him made it the highly valuable plantation it now is. The whole of the Coffee cultivation in the Bababudan range is carried on under shade; and whilst in other parts of the Mysore and Coorg Provinces the Coffee industry is known to have suffered greatly, the fact remains that the Bababudan Coffee Planters are doing well and prospering. The yield per acre is not heavy but the estates are singu- larly favoured in respect to timely blossom showers; and the berry is prized in the market from its being small and heavy, resembling that of Mocha, which is ascribed to the high elevation of the estates. : During the two days encampment at Kalhatti—the sanitarium of the district—in addition to what hes already been stated, the Maharajah spent some of his time in listening to the singing of some of the Brahman Pundits who had followed the Royal party, and in viewing the surrounding scenery and small waterfalls of which there are so many. A shooting excursion was also made but unfortunately the party did not succeed in bagging any game. 53 SATURDAY, 2nd January 1886, South to Chickamagalur. The Maharajah left this morning on horseback for Galikere, a place where, ' as the name signifies, high winds prevail, The wind is at times so high that a tent belonging to a party of the Trigonometrical Survey was once caught in the air and blown away to some distance. There was no road to drive on, only a bridle path, portions of which, were made up for the occasion. His Highness had to dismount and walked nearly the whole distance, about 12 miles, but he did not look tired for all that. Some of the party found it so difficult to climb uphill that they had to be assisted up by the peons who accompanied them, The path runs along the western slope of the Baba Budan range, precipitous and rocky in some places, almost touching the tops of the Jagar valley here and there, and skirting the coffee jungle limits. As Galikere was approached, the path runs on one of the spurs of the Deveramma Peak and presents a complete and nearer view of the Jagar valley: the conspicuous Hebbe peak is also seen to considerable advantage from here. At Galikere, pandals and triumphal arches were erected. The Native Coffee Planters received the Maharajah and presented him with a gold and silver imitation of a coffee plant in full bearing, the ripe berries being represented by genuine rubies and the flowers by genuine pearls. The whole thing the workmanship of a Kadur goldsmith was a very handsome souvenir. The Planters also provided a breakfast for the Maharajah who partook of the same in the pandal which was erected just ‘above a pretty little pond with shady banks, and magnificent scenery in view. On the left was the Baba Budan peak at a distance of two miles, on the right the high peaks of Mulainagiri and Seethlaingiri, and in the front the Pandaravalli side of the Jagar valley. The pond, near which His Highness breakfasted, is: of Puranic interest. ‘The Pandus, in their exile, are said to have halted here. It is also called ‘‘ Gathateertha” and is stated to have come into existence when Bhima threw his ‘“‘ gathay” or heavy club upon the ground in a fit of anger. Bhima is supposed to have carried water from the pond to his thirsty mother and_ brothers, whilst wandering in the neighbourhood. Galikere abounds with historical relics. A mortar and pestle and other household articles are pointed out as having been used by Kunti, the mother of the Pandus. At about 3 p.m., His Highness walked on to the Baba Budan hill, and: inspected the Dattdtreya Pita or throne, now in the possession of Mahomedans, He was received here by the officiating Kalandar or Manager, Khan Bahadur Gows Sheikh Kadri, who conducted him over the premises and shewed him the cave under ground. A piece of square granite stone, split in the middle, was pointed out as having been so damaged by the large number of cocoanuts that were broken on it at the visit of His Highness the late Maharajah Krishna Raja Wadeyar—an interesting and characteristic aneedote, undoubtedly, of that Prince. The cave is kept very neatly and well illuminated : it contains a few tombs of Saints and the Pita or throne, on which Dattdtreya is stated to have sat and ‘ lectured. his disciples, The Mahomedans assert, that the cave contains the tomb of Baba Budan, a Mahomedan Saint who had taken up his residence in one of the southern slopes of the range which is now called after his name, but is designated in the Hindu Puranas as Chundra Drone. The cave has become a venerated place of pilgrimage for the adherents of both the Hindu and Mahomedan creeds, The reappearance of 54 Dattdtreya at the mouth of the cave—into which, in ancient times, he is said to have vanished—is looked for by the Hindus, as a sign of the final Avatar of Vishnu and the introduction of the millenium. The Mahomedans designate the cave to be the Southern Mecca. The Maharajah presented the Mahomedan Kalandar, or custodian of the’ cave, with a pair of shawls, in token of his visit to the place, which he left at about 3 o'clock p.m. The road was still a bridle path and, up to Attigundi, hardly fit for riding. His Highness therefore walked down to that village and after a little rest under a shady fig tree resumed the journey to Chickmagalur. Attigundi is a- small village where the manager of the Baba Budan cave and his relations live. One of the members of the family is a venerable old woman, 103 years old, still capable of locomotion, and: with the perfect use of all her faculties. Along the. inner slope ran numerous valleys flanked by mountain ridges and which were clothed with rich forest nearly to the summit, while the distant plain far below was dotted with many a low hill melting into the horizon and with brightly glisten- ing tanks, roads cognizable by the rows of trees with which they are lined, also great patches of cultivation and brown coloured villages. The flne town of Chikma- - galur at the foot of the hills, about 12 miles off, stood out conspicuously, while the tower of the Belur temple could be traced indistinctly in the far distance. The beautiful Ayyenkere lake with its island in the centre near Sakraypatna, memora- ble in the Veda, shone like a pearl below, among the hills to the left. From Attigundi the path was sufficiently broad and on a fair gradient. Near this village is a little stream and a miniature cataract, in the neighbourhood of which the Royal party partook of some refreshment. The top of the Karikal saddle was reached at about 4 p.m., and the difficult part of the journey. was over. The scenery which presented itself from the top of the saddle would lead the least imaginative of men to pause and observe it. A road is now being made, to open up this part of the Kadur District. ‘The Executive Engineer had worked hard to get a portion of it ready in time for His Highness’ arrival. At Pippanahalli, which is at the foot of the hill, the Maharajah, who had walked nearly the whole way, got into a carriage and drove on rapidly, up to two miles from Camp, The members of the Municipality and principal inhabitants of the town received His Highness under the reception pandal at the Saigar Katté, and led him in procession to Chickmagalur which was reached at about 7 P.M. The town was: fairly illuminated and the procession through the long street which éxtends for more than a mile was very imposing. Crowds had been awaiting the Maharajah’s arrival fully three hours previously, and his coming in, a day before the appointed time, caused some consternation and hurrying on of pandals to completion. The reception pandal greeted His Highness with :— ‘‘ Welcome our august visitor.” On his approach, the band (one imported from Bangalore) struck up a lively tune. The Maharajah was too tired to listen to an address since he had walked many miles over the Baba Budan Range, but as he moved through the streets, the seething masses followed, comparatively silent as if struck with awe and not at all demonstrative. He had to pass through about a dozen or more arches, but one was very much after the fashion of another; for variety in cloth prints the Marwadees’ pandal was foremost. Another pandal erected by the braziers was novel in its way, from its composition of brass pots of different sizes and shapes. Then came the Bar pandal with the inscription on one side :—‘ With loud acclaim resounding cheers, We 55 wisk our Maharajah 4 Happy New Year”, good in sentiment thoiigh a little © unpoetic ; and on the other side; ‘‘ Justice tempered with Mercy be our Ruler’s Guide,” For originality of design and neatness of structure the D. P. W. arch carried off the palm. One inscription welcomed both the Maharajah and British Resident, while the othes wished them long life. The Chickmagalur Executive evidently believe in punctuality, for above every inscription was a clock pointing to the correct time. The people of each caste were assembled under the different pandals they had erected; dressed in their best and varied attire, with garlands of flowers, uttur and pan, in trays, which they presented to their Sovereign as he passed by. The Maharajah occupied the District office which was fitted up with fur- niture obtained from Madras. The Court Room was converted into a drawing room. The Durbar Pandal was in the Cutcherry compound in front of the Cut- cherry, and at a short distance from it, The pandal had a shabby look outside, but the get up inside was very pretty. It was decidedly inferior to the one at Ta- rikere in point of artistic arrangement of colors and richness of material: but the _ workmanship was all local, and as such deserves commendation. . It may not be out of place here, to give a brief description of the Baba Budan Mountains, which now hold such a prominent position in the Coffee industry of the Province. They constitute the loftiest range on the Mysore table land, situated in the cetitre of the District, in the south-east of the Lakvalli taluk, be- tween 13° 23’ and 13° 35' north latitude, 74° 37’ and 75° 52’ east longitude: The form of the chain is that of a horse shoe, with the opening to the north-west. The northern arm, commencing with the Hebbe hill, stretches eastwards without inter- ruption for about 15 miles; whence bending south-wards it presents to the east an unbroken wall of more than 20 miles. The southern arm is formed by the Basvan gudda and Woddin gudda ranges, The character of the chain. is that of a stupend- ous ridge, 6,000 feet above the level of the sea, and in some parts only a few yards wide at the summit, rising at intervals into loftier peaks. Thé summit of the hills consists of steep grassy slopes, well wooded in the ravines, through which flow perennial springs. The sides are densely clothed with forests, among which are numerous coffee plantations, as well as in the Jagar valley, which is one stretch of forest as far as the eye can reach. The highest point is the symmetrical Mulaina-giri, 6,317 feet above the level of the sea. It is towards the south of the range and is the loftiest mountain between the Himdlayas and the Nilgiris. Next to this, north-eastwards is Baba Budan-giri, Véyu Purvata or Marut Saila, 6,214 feet. Near it are the sources of the Veda and Avati. The hollow which succeeds marks the shrine of Baba Budan and through this pass a road is under construction to the mountain-locked Jagar valley. ‘The conspicuous conical peak on the outer verge of the eastern face is -Deviramman gudda. A beacon ‘is lighted here at the Dipdvali festival which is visible to all the surrounding country. Near the north-east angle is situated Kalhatti-giri, 6,155 feet in height; below which is Kalhatti, the hot, weather retreat for the European officials‘of Nagar. These vast wilds and solitudes, with scarcely a human habitation, were until a few year's ago well stocked with every . variety of game, from the elephant and bison downward. The advance of the coffee planter has now forced back the savage denizens to remoter and more seclu- ded spots. : . The coffe cultivation of Southern India may be said to have had its origin 56 ‘ in the Kadur District. The plant was first introduced, about two centuries ago, byt Baba Budan, who, on his return from Mecca, brought a few berries in his wallet and, taking up his abode on the hills that now bear his name, planted them near his hut, It was not, however, till about sixty or seventy years ago that the cultiva-. tion extended beyond his garden, and not above forty years since European”. enterprise was first attracted to it. One of the earliest European planters was Mr, Cannon, who formed an estate on the high range immediately to the south of the Baba Budan-giri, where the original coffee plants are still in existence, flourishing under the shade of the primeval forest, . : The success of Mr, Cannon’s experiment led to the occupation of ground at Halhalli in South Manjarabad by Mr. Green in 1843. During the last fifteen years, estates have sprung up between these points with such rapidity that Euro- pean planters are settled in almost a continuous chain of estates from the northern slopes of the Baba Budans to the southern limits of Manj arabad, not to mention Coorg and Wynaad in Her Majesty’s Territory beyond, The coffee zone in this District is estimated to cover about 1,000 square ~ miles, extending over the whole western portion, and of this region one-tenth presents, as regards soil, aspect and shade, every condition necessary for successful cultivation. Within the area, there are now 102 gardens the property of Europeans, extending over 8,713 acres; and 8,587 gardens belonging to native proprietors, covering 48,360 acres, Petty holdings attached to villages, and small gardens in back-yards of houses, number altogether 4,587, which make up an additional area of 3,150 acres. ‘There are thus 138,276 gardens, with an area of 60,223 acres, estimated to contain 44,000,779 coffee plants, the property of 22 European and 4,760 native planters, a 1 ‘ Sunpay, 8rd January 1886, Camp at Chickmagalur, The British Resident and his party arrived this morning and were the guests of Mr. Meiklejohn. The Maharajah and his party converted this day into one of comparative rest, as all felt tired after the fatigue which had been endured in the outing oyer the Baba Budans, | Precisely at 5 p,M,, however, His Highness accompanied by the Dewan and. staff arrived at the Durbar Pandal which bore an inscription: ‘God bless the Maharajah.” A shower of gold and silver flowers was thrown over the Maharajah by the Municipality, The Maharajah took his seat on a raised platform, haying the Dewan on his right, and the Secretary, Mr. Vijayendra Rao, on his left. The European ladies and gentlemen occupied the next row of seats. The Maharajah looked the very picture of health, and the knocking about he has had seemed to have done him a world of good.. The order of introduction was as follows :—first, the Higher Government Officials, who consisted of the Assistant Commissioners, * the Executive Engineer, Civil Surgeon, Munsiff, Head Master and Amildars ; then followed the European and Native Planters who were represented by Messrs, Sanderson, Godfrey, Stewart, Oliver, Meppen, Ganisha Rao, Sreeneyasa Rao and Vasudava Rao; thirdly, the Military element; and afterwards, all others who formed an almost innumerable company. Mr. Narasimha Char, B.A., of the Educational Department then read a Canarese address, and Tirnarna Char, a born poet, gave forth a poetic piece of his own, About one hundred and fifty men presented their Nazars to His Highness which as usual were touched and given View of Chickmagalur, The Main Street. Orr & Barton, Photographers, Bangalore. 57 back. The Canarese address though written in prose, was poetical in its composi- tion, and was much admired as a piece of composition, whilst the verses of the poet were in fulsome praise of the Maharajah. The contrast was striking, the verses were horribly jipgling, with not a single fine or pretty idea: indeed they were most prosaic, while the address in prose was richly poetical. Just above the seat of the Maharajah was a very appropriate inscription in Sanscrit, which interpreted means :—‘“‘ I will maintain truth.” The address was presented in a sandal wood box richly carved. After the addresses were presented, the Dewan made a reply in Canarese which being translated is as follows :— INHABITANTS OF CHICKMAGALUR, by His Highness has heard with pleasure the address you have just presented and desires me to convey to you the following reply :— Believing that Coffee cultivation contributed much to the prosperity of this District, His Highness, on entering the District, first visited Manjarabad, Mudgere, Sulebile and Koppa, where coffee is grown generally by European Agency ; and then the tracts near the Baba Budan’s Chendradrone Hills, where coffee is grown by the natives under some disadvantages, were visited yesterday by His Highness. 7 ; Although the natives do not command as much capital as the Europeans do, yet by their knowledge of men and curtailment of unnecessary expenditure, aided by personal supervision of the cultivation, they may realize as much profit as the European Coffee Planters. His Highness is aware that although the ardens owned by Natives have long been under coffee cultivation, yet they do not, in the matter of roads, &c., command as much convenience as those in Sulebile and Koppa, recently brought under Coffee cultivation ; and he desires to afford them the necessary conveniences. The opening of the Chickmagalur-Y edahalli road, which was held in abeyance, has now been sanctioned and work is being pushed on; the road from Tippanhalli to Kavikal is opened and it may soon be ready for traffic ; and the opening of a road from Kavikal to Lingadahalli, through Seethlaingiri, touching Jagar and joining the Chickmagalur-Yedehalli road is now under contemplation., For the completion of these two roads lacs of rupees will be required, and when the necessary funds are available, #.¢., in 2 or 3 years, it is the object of His Highness’s Government to start the works. His Highness very much desires, by affording these and other conveniences, to improve Coffee cultivation by Natives. The loyalty and affection which characterized your reception of His Highness when he was here some years ago were commendable indeed, and the repetition of a similar reception on the present occasion is equally gratifying, His Highness is extremely glad to know, that his subjects, during the past five years of his reign, have been contented and happy.” The Maharajah was then entertained by a Native Dramatic Company and seemed pleased with the performance. There was also a good display of fireworks. The crowds of people seem to swell as the Royal journey progresses. 58 Shimoga was beaten by Tarikere, and in Chickmagalur the crowd was even greater than in Tarikere ; yet there was not a single accident or a single case of theft. This speaks much for the credit due to a native crowd. Monpay, 4th January 1886, Camp Chickmagalur. This morning, the Maharajah and party, with the British Resident, visited first the temple of Kodanda Ramaswamy at Heremagalur, a rather famous place about a mile and half distant :—It is here that Janamejaya Raja is supposed to have performed his Sarpa Yaga (serpent sacrifice) in revenge for the death of his father from a snake bite. The sacrificial pillar is still in existence and an object of veneration to all Hindus. The local astrologer was eloquent in relating the virtues of this stone pillar :—‘‘It was only a fortnight back that a man, bitten by a cobra, was brought to this pillar and made to go round it three times when he was thoroughly cured”, said our cicerone. His Highness went through the temple, the Poojari and other priests leading him with all the honors of the temple: he was taken to the threshold of the sanctum sanctorum where the officiating priest gave him holy water which His Highness received most reverentially. The sad state of disrepair of the temple attracted His Highness’ notice, and it was explained by the Assistant Commissioner in charge of the Moozeroy Department that estimates were prepared for executing the-repairs and the work would be soon put in hand. Leaving the temple, the Maharajah passed through the village which is inhabited almost entirely by Sreevishnava Brahmans; of whom there was a goodly crowd and in every Brahman house there was an Avathi presented by little charming girls. The Maharajah thanked the priests for their kind reception and hoped that their temple would soon be restored. His Highness is very good at making a com- plimentary speech, and what is better still, he never overdoes it. The Royal party then returned to town. The Hindustani School was next visited. A few questions in geography, a little reading by the boys of the higher class, and a couple of verses in praise of the Maharajah recited by the boys, closed the pro- ceedings here. His Highness moved on to the Wesleyan Mission Girls’ School where he could not stay long enough to see what progress had been made: but : enough was seen to shew that the Chickmagalur public appreciate girls being educated. This is not a school exclusively for Brahman girls; nor is there an arrangement of a separate class for Brahmans. Over the entrance door of the school was an inscription, ‘‘ Long Life to the Maharajah.” The Catechist who has quite a musical ear treated his visitors to a tune or two on the violin, while some girls kept time. This caused some merriment, as it was out of the usual order of things. At the High School which greeted the visitors with a “J oyous, New Year,” the Head Master read a report of the progress of the school since the last visit of the Maharajah, showing how the numbers and fees had almost doubled themselves, while the school itself occupies a place in the records of the Madras ' University exhibiting the names of passed candidate : +43 those who have passed the Middle School Tests. Ph a oe te ee : sical educati Master said, was attended to as far as means would peu "iis de ee Master recited a piece in Sanscrit; then followed two simple scientific experi- ments, the test for salt in water by means of nitrate of sil d i ion.< of hydrogen from water by means of potassium. Three Poet pleted the programme. At the close, the Maharajah spoke and expressed himself well pleased with the progress the school had made. I i . Th . eae he always took an interest in education; that he was ae janes re ae oe - 59 English education was spreading in these distant parts; and he wished the Head Master every success. The Head Master thanked them for their kindly sympathy and said, ‘‘ we will always try to deserve your commendation.” The Maharajah proceeded to the Distyict Treasury, inspected it, and asked what the amount of cash balance was. On finding the amount large His Highness asked why this was so, when it was explained that the remittance to the District Treasury was delayed, owing to the Christmas holidays having intervened. The Reading Room {also was honoured with a visit. At the Hospital, every ward was inspected, and all the arrangements were thoroughly approved of. This brought the events of the morning to a close. Late in the evening, there was a torch light procession, the streets were brilliantly lit up and the Royal Party were mounted on elephants so as to give the people a good view of the Maharajah. The Basvanhalli tank was surrounded by thousands of lights, each one being reflected in the water below. After the Maharajah took his seat under a pandal erected on the tank bund, the fireworks were let off; they were well worth seeing, especially some of the rockets that burst and scattered various coloured lights which being reflected in the water, gave the appearance of a double bespangled firmament. The procession came to an end at about 11 o’clock p.m. Chickmagalur which is better known among natives as Basvanhalli is the head-quarters of the District and has a Municipality. It is situated on the Hassan-Shimoga road, 130 miles west-north-west of Bangalore and commands a splendid view of the Baba Budan range which towers as it were above it 6 miles to the north. There are about 5U0 houses with a population of nearly 2,500, of whom fully 2,000 are Hindus and the rest Mahomedans and Christians. It is situated in the valley south of the Baba Budan range, in a fertile tract of black soil. Since the removal hither of the District head-quarters from Kadur it has greatly increased. The main bazaar street is a fine wide thoroughfare, about 2 miles long, extending from the old fort of Chickmagalur to the village of Basvanhalli, which it now includes. A large fair is held on Wednesdays, at which some 3,000 people assem- ble. The wants of neighbouring Coffee districts have led to the settlement here of a number of Mahomedan traders and shopkeepers. The town, dru, is named after the chicka magalu, or younger daughter, of Rukmangada the king of Sakrdypatna, being her dowry, as the contiguous village of Hiremagalur was that of the hire magalu, or elder daughter. The town of Chickmagalur was some years looked upon as unhealthy, and a transfer to the place by officials was dreaded owing to the unwholesome cess-pools and filth which then covered the place and the high east winds which swept over it, at certain seasons of the year; but the Municipality have changed all this. A wide belt of trees has been planted around the limits of the station in the form of an oval: these have grown up and mitigated the discomfort arising from the high winds, The cess-pools have disappeared. A pretty little pond has been formed, a fine street has been laid out, a system. of drainage has been introduced, and an ample water-supply has been secured from the Seethlaingiri, one of the Baba Budan peaks, so that although the high winds are still trying, this town may be no longer regarded as the penal settlement of Mysore.. The Coffee Planters have recently built a Club House and the Wesleyan Mission a small Church. Chickmagalur can boast also of a Park and some good Musafir- khanas. 60 From Chikmagalur there are roads northwards to Santavéri and Tarikere, south to Belur and Hassan, east to Sakr4ypatna and Kadur, west to Vastara, Mudgere and the Bundh ghat, There is also a short road to Anur in the north- west. The cross roads of the taluk are from Magadi to Jamgal ; from Sakardy- patna to Banavar ; from Aldur to Bale Honnur, Baggunji, and Hariharpur; from Kalasa to Balur, and the Bundh ghat road. The Chickmagalur taluk may be divided into three portions. Of these, the central portion, on which stands Chickmagalur, consists of an elevated plain, composed of rich black soil, extending along the southern base of the Baba Budan mountains and bounded east and west by inferior ranges of hills, which separate it from Sakréypatna on one hand and from Vastdra on the other. Apart from the excellence of the soil, itis watered by perennial streams issuing from the Baba Budans, the principal being the Yagache. Such is the fertility of this tract that it received the expressive name of honyavanige or land flowing with gold. It is very bare of trees but produces unfailing crops of wheat, Bengal gram, sugar-cane, rice, coriander, mentya, garlic, onions and kusumba. Neither cotton nor tobacco are grown, owing it is said to excess of moisture. The eastern portion of the taluk is more stony and wild. It consists of the Sakr4ypatna valley, having at its head the Ayyankere lake and traversed by the stream of the Veda which issues therefrom. The western portion, which till 1875 formed the separate taluk of Vastara, is a network of hills and sunken valleys; some of the former being covered with forest, which shelter coffee plantations; the latter occupied by steeply terraced rice flats. It is intersected by the upper course of the Bhadra and by a stream called the Anebidda halla which flows into it at Sangamésvara. Near Vastéra runs the Berinjihalla, flowing south. Within this picturesque region: are included several of the loftiest mountains in Mysore, such as the Kudure mukha and Ballél Réyandurga in the Western Ghats, the Mérti gudda of Kalasa; Kanchinkal durga, Woddin gudda, and Doddin Kolaga gudda. The country formed part of the territory of the Jain kings of Humcha and of their descendants the rulers of Karkala, latterly included in the Hoysala Balldla kingdom. Under the Vijianagar empire it passed into the hands, first of the chief of Balam, and then into those of the Nayaks of Ikkeri. It was subdued by Chikka Deva Raja in 1690, and added to Mysore by treaty with Ikkeri in 1694; except the Vastara country, which fell to Mysore by Hyder Ali’s conquest of Bedhur in 1763. TueEspay, 5th January 1886, South East to Belur. Mr. Meiklejohn, the Deputy Commissioner, with His Highness’ permission, remained at Chickmagalur, to attend to the Resident and his Camp. The Maha- rajah, as he was about to start this morning, thanked the Deputy Commissioner and the Executive Engineer for all the trouble they had taken during his visit. He drove his team on the road to Belur, which is 15 miles distant from Chickma- galur. Much of the country passed over is poor, most of it being stony with hardly a village to be seen. About half way, His Highness was met by Mr. Anandarao, the Sub-Division Officer of Hassan, the Amildar of Belur, and other officials, Approaching Belur the prospect of the country improved cand rich fields ‘reydeisojoyg ‘umoig “4 ° . Aq poynig we ADOT ejduray, jo predyinoy : , -qelereyeyy oul “H “H oe aropesug . aie ey ee y A a Ge ea ~~ i Ps 61 . of sugarcane were met with. Before getting to the town, the unbridged Yagache or Badari river, the chief tributary of the Hemavati, had to be crossed. Yagache in Canarese and Badari in Sanskrit is the name of the jujube tree (Zizyphus), There are three dams on this river, from which irrigation channels are led off to the extent of ten miles ineall, and they ‘provide irrigation for 734 acres of land. Some difficulty was experienced in getting the team over the sandy bed. The people took advantage of this opportunity and pressed upon the Maharajah’s consideration .. the great need there was for a bridge. The Travellers’ bungalow which was prepared for the Maharajah’s reception was reached at 9-30 a.m. The tents belonging to the Camp were pitched in the compound. . His Highness, accompanied by the Dewan and party, drove to the famous Chenna Késava Temple, on reaching which the Maharajah entered a tent that had been expressly pitched there for him, and after changing his attire, walked barefooted into the temple. The Native Officers who accompanied were all dressed in silk, and the marks denoting the sects they belonged to were pro- minently displayed on their foreheads, arms, and chest. It was an impressive procession, much appreciated and applauded by the Hindus. At the entrance of the temple, His Highness was received by the Chief Priests, with all those honors usually paid on such occasions to the reigning Prince. He was conducted round the outer Court of the Temple, the Brahmins chanting Vedic hymns in front. He then went inside, where, after offering lights, flowers and fruits, to the deity, the High Priest sprinkled His Highness with holy water. Some of the rich jewels presented to the temple by His Highness’s ancestors were exhibited. The beautiful sculpture of this famous temple was carefully inspected by the Maha- rajah, especially that on the ceiling inside the temple, which has not only mot yet been seen by any European, but has been also rarely seen by natives themselves. The figures in this sculpture are exquisitely carved: their features are sharp and the ornaments on them have been chiselled out with a skill which is simply marvellous. It is a pity that no photograph can be taken of this really unique sculpture, since the like of it is not to be seen even in the far more elaborately completed works of Halebid. It is a matter of regret that the Goparum or tower which fell down some years ago has not been repaired yet. The party returned to Camp at 11-30 a.m. In the evening, the town, the roads leading to the Temple, and the Pagoda itself, were all illuminated and formed a pretty sight. The Royal party started on four elephants in procession, the Maharajah’s grand elephant going in front. The procession halted on the bund of the Belur Vishnu Samudra tank to witness the fireworks, and then proceeded to the Durbar which was held inside the fort of Belur, in one of the stone Mantapams ofthe Temple. It was a lofty building’ and the immense crowd who were present had a splendid opportunity of seeing the Maharajah to their heart’s content. An address in Canarese was presented by the inhabitants, who, after expressing their gratitude and delight at the Royal visit, prayed that a bridge might be built over the Badari river near the town for the convenience of the public ; and that the Goparum or Vimanam (steeple) of the Temple should be restored. The Dewan replied in Canarese to the following’ effect :— ‘¢ INHABITANTS OF BELUR, . Having with pleasure heard the address presented by you, His Highness commands me to give you the following reply :— %. 62 There is no doubt that a bridge over the Badari would prove of immense benefit to the people. An estimate for its construction was prepared many years ago, and the amount required being very large, the work had to be deferred for want of funds. Since then, another estimate for a bridge, to be built entirely of stone, has been framed and it is hoped that in the course of a few years, with timely rainfalls and normal crops, the Government will bein a position to carry out this important and much needed means of communication. The former Vimanam was built of brick and mortar. It was removed some years ago, because its dilapidated condition at this time was considered to endanger the safety of the Temple. The old Vamanam in no way corresponded with the beautiful architecture of the Temple, and was evidently built at a subsequent period, by some person other than the Artist who had designed the Temple. In re- construction a Vimanam His Highness is most anxious that it should partake of the style and architecture of the Temple itself. With such‘an end in view, if it be ascer- tained that a Vimanam is necessary according to the Agamika Shastras under which the temple was consecrated, the Maharajah would gladly comply with your request.” Nazars were then presented to His Highness, who touched them as usual. This over, there was a nautch for about half an hour, at the end of which the Maharajah again went into the Temple where he was, a second time, received by the Priests with all honors. A short ceremony was gone through and the blessings of the Priests were again bestowed on their Royal visitor. The procession was re-formed and returned to Camp which was reached at 11-30 P.M. The town of Belur is situated on the right bank of the Yagache or Badari river, 23 miles north-west of Hassan, on the Hassan-Chikmagalur road. It is the head-quarters of the Belur taluk and has a Municipality with a population of about 3,000 souls, of whom 2,550 are Hindus, 440 Mahomedans, 2 Jains and 8 Christians. Belur, in the puranas and ancient inscriptions, bears the name of Velapura and Velur, and is styled the Dakshina Varanasi or southern Benares. Its sanctity is due to the celebrated temple of Chenna Késava, erected and endowed by the Hoysala king Vishnu Varddhana, on the occasion of his exchanging the Jain faith for that of Vishnu, in the beginning of the 12th century. He is also said to have founded Belur and made it his residence. The carving with which the temple is decorated rivals, in fertility of design and perfection of finish, that of the Halebid temple, and is the work of the same master hand, that of the famous Jakandchari. The annual festival, held for five days in April, is attended by about 5,000 people. The image of Chenna Késava is said to have been brought from the Baba Budan hills, but by some mistake that of the goddess being left behind, and her wounded pride forbidding the removal afterwards, the god is under the necessity of making a trip occasionally to the Babu Budan hills to see her. On these occasions, he is said to make use of a large pair of slippers kept for the purpose in the Temple. When they are worn out, it devolves upon the chucklers of Chennagiri and Basvapatna (Shimoga District), to whom the fact is revealed in a dream, to — new ones; in order to present which they are allowed to enter the court-yard of the Temple. There is one principal Temple, surrounded by four or five others and numerous subordinate buildings, enclosed by a high wall in a court measuring 63 360 ft. by 440 ft., and having two very fine gateways or gopuras in its eastern front. The whole length of the temple, from the east door to the back of cell, is 115 ft., and the whole stands on a terrace about 3 ft. high, and from 10 ft. to 15 ft. wide. This is one of the characteristic features of Chalukyan design, and adds very considerably to the effect of their Temples. It is not, however, either to its dimensions, or the disposition of its plan, that this Temple owes its pre-eminence —- others of its class, but to the marvellous elaboration and beauty of its etails. | The western portion of the Belur Taluk belongs to the Malnad, and is - watered by the Hémavati, which separates it from Manjarabad. The Yagache flows through the central portion in a south-easterly direction, and its tributary the Berinji halla forms part of the northern boundary. Around Halebid m_ the east are low hills and jungle. The streams from this quarter drain northwards to the Vedavati in Kadur. The Yagache and the smaller streams falling into it supply several small channels. The Bomdihalli channel from the main stream runs for 44 miles on the right bank, ending near Belur. The Kitturu channel, drawn from a minor stream in the north-west, has a length of 15 miles in the direction of Mudagere. The Madigatta channel, 8 miles long, is taken off from another small stream in the south. | The taluk formed part of the Hoysala Ballala kingdom, the capital, Dorasamudra, being situated at Halebid. Subsequent to the destruction of that city, in the beginning of the 14th century, Belur was included im the province of Balam, which the Vijayanagar kings conferred, first upon Vina Ramappa, and then upon the Aigur chiefs. From these it was taken by Sivappa Nayak of Ikkeri, and in 1630 by Chama Raja Wadeyar of Mysore. The Hassan-Chikmagalur road passes Belur, whence there are roads west through Mudagere to the Bund ghat, south to Sakleshpur, and north-east through Halebid to Banavar. | WEDNESDAY, 6th January 1886, North-East to Halebid. His Highness drove to Halebid, arriving there at 8-30 a.m. The carnp was pitched in the compound of the famous Temple. Soon after his arrival, the Maharajah visited the Temple and was engaged for hours in ne examining and admiring the sculpture in pot-stone, both inside and outside the building. These carvings may be viewed again and again and still prove most interesting. The Temple which underwent the scrutiny of the Maharajah is an unfinished one. It wants the Geparum, and some of the figures are simple outlines traced on the stone by the sculptor. Their development is wanting. This is on the outside. The interior is all finished work, which appears superior to that of Belur. The carvings represent the various incidents chronicled in the Ramayana, the Maha Bharatha and the Bhagavatha. Poojah or worship of the deity has long ceased to be performed in this temple; but in honor of His Highness’ visit, the Brahmins got up a temporary Poojah for the occasion. A venerable old Brahmin, about eighty years of age, related the history of the building, as it was told him by his father, who again had learnt it from his father, and so on. ‘The traditionary lore has no doubt been exaggerated by the 64° addition of considerable spurious matter ; but there must certainly be some found- ation in fact to build such stories upon. The images in manyjparts of the Temple | are very much damaged from exposure to the weather. The old Maharajahs of the place, it is said, tried to preserve the carvings by covering the whole building over with wax cloth during the rains. After breakfast, His Highness got out his camera and took photographic views of the Temple from different positions. In the. evening, the Maharajah went over to inspect the temple of Kedaréswara, also two Jain Temples close by. The Kedaréswara Temple is all in ruins, excepting a small portion. It is also of the Jakanachari school, and one. of his own handiwork. A proposal has been made to restore the Temple but this. is not an easy matter. A better proposal would be-to remove all the carvings to’ the Capital and preserve them from further damage. A few were sent some years ago to the Bangalore Museum, where they hold a prominent position, to the left of the entrance. The Jain Temples are not imposing, but simpler in style. The huge Jain idol is the principal figure of adoration. There was a dispute as to whether the Temple belonged to the Jains or to the Siva Chars: the latter blocked up the door way leading to the Jain idol and put up a Lingam in another place for worship. A great quarrel ensued, but it was amicably settled by a Punchayet composed of both castes in favor of the Jains. It is just possible however, that the Temple might have originally belonged to the Siva Chars, and that the Jains had obtained wrongful possession of it and set up a Jain image. Such a conclusion seems feasible from the fact that there is not a single carving on the roof illustrative of , the Jain sect, nor a single image of Thirthankararu, although there are several little images of them in various niches, whereas the images on the roof are those of Siva. Any person wandering over grounds like these cannot but be moved, when it is considered that, in days of yore, this place was the Capital of one of the most ancient dynasties of Hindu Kings, famous for their encouragement of Arts, Literature and learning of every kind. 1t would almost be impossible to abstract the mind from all local emotion ; and it would be worse than foolish to attempt it. In the presence of such mighty monuments of Hindu civilization, one cannot but look down with contempt upon the present generation of natives, who are sadly wanting in originality and imitate, too often, in their buildings as well as in them’. mode of life, a false and mongrel style, borrowed from contact with Europeans. At the same time, a remark made by the late Potail of the village should not be “ lost sight, of :—‘* What good” said he, ‘‘ did all these rows of images do us, or have ’ done us? They must have cost lakhs of rupees to make and years of endless labour, but when the Mahomedan invasion took place they came not to our aid, and the Temple was desecrated: while the bridges and roads constructed in later days have developed trade and conferred lasting benefits upon all, of whatever colour and of whatever creed.” . The Maharajah returned to Camp at about 8 p.m, and was entertained with music from a float on the Tank, ‘The same music heard close by was wretch- ed, but coming from a considerable distance and over the water, it produced a charm of its own. ey Halebid is a village in the Belur taluk, 10 miles east of Belur, on ie Ne : : : _ ox = : Hy m * ( 5 ; cares yelereqeN OCT “HH rayde130j0 i" eS Aq poydersoyoyg uMOITg ‘HO . ¢ : - £q pong prqeey ‘ojdmoey, ereasgivpoy poumy > aye ane Nae as A. os ~ 65 Belur-Banavar road. ‘The population consists of 1,200 Hindus, 3 Mahomedans, 7 Jains, and 3 Christians... The umber of houses is about 250. The village, of Hale-bedu, (old temple) marks the site of the ancient city of Dorasamudra, Dv4rasamudra’ or Dy4ravatipura, the wealthy capital of the Hoysala. - Balldla kings. The city appears to have been founded early in the 12th century, but must have been in great measure rebuilt in the middle of the 13th, by Vira Somesvara, as some inscriptions describe him as the founder, although it is known ‘ to have been the capital of several of his predecessors on the throne. This would ‘also account for the absence of the vestiges which might have been expected of the Vaishnava religion. Vira Somesvara seems to have been driven by an attack of leprosy to retire to the neighbouring hill called Pushpagiri, where he received ad~ vice from the oracle to erect temples to Siva a8 a means of cure, and thus may have been undertaken the splendid monuments of art which exist to this day at Halebid. “The city was taken by the Muhammadan general Gafur in 1310, and plundered of . immense wealth. In 1326 another Muhammadan army carried off what remained, - “and totally destroyed the city. The fallen king, after this event, took up his -residence at Tondanur (Tonnur, Mysore District) near the French Rocks. é a8 "% The splendour of this city is attested not only by the, account of the “wfabuloys riches obtained from its conquest, as related by Muhammadan historians, but by its architectural monuments, which still rank among the masterpieces of ' Hindu art. The most remarkable of these are the Hoysalesvara and Kait Iswara “temples. The latter was the smaller, and a gem of art, Buta banyan tree, which had rooted itself in the vimdna or tower over the sanctum, dislodged the stones, . and many of the figures thrust out of the walls have been removed to the Museum in Bangalore. The large Hoysalesvara temple, though never completed, is in ‘better preservation. ‘The marvellous elaboration of ornamental. sculpture round ‘the walls, and the general architectural effect, have elicited from Fergusson, the highest authority on these subjects, the following remarks :— : _ “The earliest temple known to exist at Halebid is a small detached _ shrine, known by the inexplicable name of Kait Iswara, dedicated to Siva, and probably erected. by Vijaya, the fifth king of the Bellala dynasty. It is star- shaped in plan, wit! sixteen points, and had a porch, now so entirely ruined’ and covered up with vegetation that it is difficult to make out.its plan. Its roof is conical, and from the basement to the summit it is covered with sculptures of the very best class of Indian art, and these so arranged’ as not materially to interfere “with the outlines of the building, while they impart to it an amount of richness only to be found among specimens of Hiridu art. If it were possible to illustrate this little temple in anything like completeness, there is probably nothing in India which would convey a better idea of what its architects were capable of accomplishing: ; . It is, however, surpassed in size and magnificence by its neighbour, the . _great'temple at Halebid, which, had it been completed, is one of the buildings on -wyhich the advocate of Hindu architecture would desire to take his stand. Unfor- | tunately, it never was finished, the works having been stopped by the Mahomedan - «Conquest in 1310 a.p., after they had been in progress apparently for eighty-six years. . on Tts dimensions may roughly be stated as 200 ft. square over all, including all the detached pavilions. ‘The temple itself is 160 ft. north and south, by 122 ft. asthe, yw 66 east and west. Its height, as it now remains, to the cornice is about 25 ft. from the terrace on which it stands. It cannot, therefore, be considered by any means as a large building, though large enough for effect. This, however, can hardly be judged of as it now stands, for there is no doubt but that it was intended to- raise two pyramidal spires over the sanctuaries, four smaller ones in front of these, and two more, one over each of the two central pavilions.” Mr. Bowring, in his Eastern Experiences gives the following interesting account :— “The Haisaléshwara temple, though much injured by time, is undoubted- ly a striking work of art, and the graceful execution of the carvings on the exterior is probably unrivalled in India. The decorations are in layers, the bottom one representing elephants, the second mythical lions, above which are delicate scrolls, then men on horseback, above these another fringe of scrolls, then scenes from the wars of the Mahabhérat, and the story of the Raméyana. There are eight or ten such layers within a height of eight feet, the number not being uniform through- out, though. their general character is the same. Above these are figures of various deities, under beautifully carved canopies, standing on a basement of finely , . wrought scrolls. Many of the mimic scenes on the layers are gracefully designed, and the scrolls are singularly rich and elegant. In the projecting portions of*‘the | building outside, the roof is supported by square-cut pillars, which are not remark- able, but, in the recesses, a finely chiselled fretwork is to be seen, intersected at intervals by handsome black pillars of hornblende of striking design. There are — two shrines inside the building, and several smaller altars, the roof being supported — by well-wrought pillars of the same fashion, Outside the temple, and facing it, are two structures called mantapams, in which recline bulls of great size, one of “ hornblende, the other of potstone., There are several stone tablets let into the wall of the temple, but they are not of special interest. A considerable sum of*, money has of late years been spent in restoring this interesting relic, but the great’: size of the stones presents difficulties, while it is impossible to reproduce the delicate carvings where they have been wantonly injured by Musalmans or mischievous boys.” The plain Jain bastis, though cast completely into the shade by the ornate Saiya temples, are also striking buildings. The city is said to have originally contained no less than 720. Three only now remain, those of Adinathesvara, Santesvara and Parsvandthesvara, the latter of which is the largest. Portions of the old wall, and the site of the palace, are pointed out. The . position of the royal stables is indicated by the fields still entered in the revenue accounts as the Jdya (stables). Part of an aqueduct, by which the city was supplied with water from the Yagache, may be seen on the south. The balapam . ‘or potstone used in the sculptures is found on the Pushpagiri, or hill of flowers, -’ near the town. | The only part that survived the general ruin was the Potter’s Street, which it is said was spared on account of the shelter afforded by a potter to a distracted princess, whose two sons being beheaded at the instance of a royal mistress the had slighted, and herself forbidden the city, she cursed it as well as the royal family, predicting the speedy destruction of both, save only the Potter’s Street. Another legend is told of the fine statue of polished hornblende of a Nandy bull in one of the side porches which wants an ear. The tradition was, that the bull itself 67 contained treasure which would fall to the share of him who sacrificed a thousand lives to-it. A poor fisherman, after fishing in the tank, hung his basket of minnows on the ear and fell asleep. He was aroused by the sound of coins falling on the ground, and awaking, found them pouring out of the ear which had given way. Filling his basket, heswas making off when his partner appeared on the scene, and claimed half, on which the fortunate possessor said, ‘‘ don’t put your hand in my fish basket,”—an. expression which has passed into a proverb corresponding to Beati sunt possidentes. Halebid must continue to be a place of the greatest interest to archeologists, who visit it froin all parts of the world: and will, it is expectéd, become better known to the general public, on the extension of the railway past Banavar. Tuurspay, 7th January 1886, North East to Jamgal. The distance from Halebid to Jamgal is only seven miles. The road is a good one, His Highness reached the place at about 94m. His only reason for making so short a stage and encamping at Jamgal was to have some Shikar, as tigers and large game are known to abound in the jungles close by, and intelli- gence was received of a recent kill. After a hurried breakfast the Maharajah and party set out for the jungle, which the Amildar said was only two and a half miles distant, but actual experiment proved it to be fully five miles away. Huis High- ness, the Dewan and another officer ; whose object in joining the Shikar party is a, puzzle, as he is known never to have handled a gun during his life-time were all three of them perched on a munchul. The rest of the party were posted elsewhere, in the line of beat. The Maharajah’s munchul (elevated platform) was near a jungle stream, with scrub jungle all around and on both sides of the stream, just the sort of place for the haunt of tigers. The beat commenced in right earnest and was well _ done. Nothing turned up for nearly two long hours, which were spent in anxious expectation. His Highness was getting tired and about to give up, when two jackals ran past the munchul he was seated on, ‘a sure sign,” said a Shikaree, “ that a tiger is not far off.” ‘ Do you not know sir,” said he, “that jackals always go before tigers? rely on it that a tiger is not far off.” And the words were hardly out of the Shikaree’s mouth, when another Shikaree who was posted on an eminence signalled to the Maharajah thata tiger was in sight. This last Shikaree was rather a plucky fellow, for, standing alone as he was, he turned the direction of the tiger’s movement towards His Highness by actually throwing stones at the beast. The tiger came on majestically and calmly, but unfortunately too far from His Highness. Master Stripes was a grand royal tiger, full-sized and in splendid condition, but he suddenly turned back and disappeared in the thick jungle. The Royal party did not return to camp till nearly half past eight p.m., having had no refreshment since breakfast time. Jamgal belongs to the Arsikere Taluk and is the chief village of the Hobli called after its name. It has a population of about 1,000 souls, mostly Hindus. A large weekly fair is held there on Sundays, at which about 15500 ersons from the neighbouring villages attend, to purchase their weekly supplies. ‘There is a small temple here also, which is a feeble imitation of Halebid. x Frivay, 8th January 1886, Last to Arsikere via Banavar. The Maharajah left Jamgal and passing through Banavar reached Arsikere, a distance of 21 miles, at 10 a.m. The camp was pitched in the compound of the 68 travellers’ bungalow. After breakfast, a shooting party was organised, but they returned at about 7 P.M. without having bagged any game. This place was the favourite resort for pig-sticking in the old days of Mongmari (Montgomery) Sahib, The town of Banavar is situated nearly 30 miles east of Chikmagalur, on the Bangalore-Shimoga road. It was the head-quarters of the now abolished Banavar taluk, with a population of about 2,200, mostly Hindus. It is said to derive its name from ddna, arrow, and hora, carry, Rama having there ‘carried the arrows’ which Lakshmana had dropped from fatigue. It seems to have been the chief town of a territory ruled about the middle of the 11th century by Somes-, vara Raya or Harihara Somesvara Raya, who was also the founder of Harnhalli. It was included in the Balléla kingdom. After the fall of Vijayanagar it was one of the places seized by the Ikkeri chiefs, but was eventually captured by Chikka Deva Raja in 1690 and annexed to Mysore. During his wars with the Mahrattas, ‘Hyder Ali removed the people to form a new city at Nagapuri on the Hirekal hills, but the place proving unhealthy they shortly returned to their original abodes. Many of the high stone walls of the inner Fort are still standing and are in good preservation. SaruRDAY, 9th January 1886, at Arsckere. The first place His Highness visited this morning was the Malékul Tirupati temple, at the foot of the hill, on the way to which a fine old temple with most exquisite carvings and some ancient inscriptions, but now entirely abandoned, was met with. The Maharajah returned to Camp at 10 a.m. The Dewan went up the Tirupati hill, the ascent to which is steep, but there is a flight of steps the whole way. He bathed in a little pool on the summit of the hill and returned to Camp at noon. _ The Tirupati hill, is known in the Sthal Purdna, or local legend, by the name of Amaragiri, or immortal hill. This appellation was given to it by an ancient Muni, who, for some fanciful reason, considered it to be the finest hill between the rivers Krishna and Cauvery. It is ascended by a painful flight of . steps, said to be 1,700 in number, it being a religious duty on the part of pilgrims to crack a cocoa-nut on each step. The Temple on the summit is dedicated to Jandrdan, but it is not remarkable, though the hill commands a fine view of the country around. It is the extremity of a range running nearly due north to the frontier of the Province. The term Tirupati, or the sacred lord, is applied to Vishnu. : In the evening, His Highness accompanied by the Dewan and staff visited the new Chattrum, built from the late Dewan Mr. C. Ranga Charlu’s Memorial Funds. The Chattrum had just been completed and now supplies a long felt want for Native travellers. The building provides accommodation for wayfarers of all classes of the people. Here, an address was presented by the inhabitants to the Maharajah, to which the Dewan, by his Royal Master’s command, made the following reply, in Canarese :— ss ‘‘ His Highness is not only highly pleased to see the building, but also fully appreciates your charitable motives in erecting a Chattrum which will prove so useful to the public. “The late Mr. Ranga Charlu, always evinced an unceasing interest in 69 the welfare of the people which he considered to be his first duty; and it is assuredly a laudable act on your part to have constructed this Chattrum as a memorial to his name, and for the convenience of wayfarers, This Chattrum will, His Highness trusts, prove to be of great utility to the public generally, and in wishing it long continuance and prosperity, His Highness hopes that it may be preserved as a lasting monument to the memory of Mr. Ranga Charlu in this por- tion of His Highness’ dominions. ‘‘ The proposal connected with the transfer of this Chattrum to Govern- ment and the formation of an establishment necessary for its maintenance, will be duly considered in the Moozeroy Department and orders on the subject will be issued hereafter.” On his way to the Chuttram, His Highness inspected the Dispensary, which it was proposed to abolish, but the Maharajah decided that it should remain as heretofore. Ilis Highness then drove on, in front of the Taluk Cutcherry, through the new street, which was illuminated throughout in honor of the Royal visit. The Tirupati temple on the Hirekal-gudda range of hills, nearly 4,000 feet above sea level, which were lit up and presented a pretty sight. On reaching the Taluk Cutcherry, His Highness alighted and took his seat in the Durbar pandal, and the dais in it were nicely decorated, different in design from those in other places. The inhabitants, as well as a large number of ryots from the surrounding villages, were introduced and offered their Nazars. . At the conclusion of the Durbar, there was a display of fireworks. The Maharajah returned to Camp, accompanied by a torchlight procession. . Arsikere is the Head-quarters of the Taluk now called after its name, but which was formerly known as the Harnhalli taluk. It has a municipality and is situated on the Bangalore-Shimoga road which unites here with the Seringa- patam-Shimoga road. ‘here is also a road through Harnhalli to Hassan. The waters of this taluk run northwards to the Vedavati in Kadur, and form several éxtensive tanks. In the north are the elevated Hirekal-gudda hills, on one of which is a temple of Tirupati. The south-west is occupied by low stony hills and jungle. The town of Arsikere is likely, from its position, to increase in importance and become a great trading centre on the approaching extension of the railway,. There is a fine tank about a mile from the town. over the bund of which the road passes. There are some patches of black soil in the Taluk, on which Bengal gram and cotton are grown. In other soils a considerable cultivation of chillies is carried on, also of castor oil: these are exported in large quantities. In the Kuruvanka hobli, tobacco is grown, but of an inferior description. The cocoanuts of this taluk, ‘allowed to remain on the tree till they drop, are much prized and _ largely exported in a dry state to Tiptur for the Bangalore and Bellary markets. The wild date tree (phenix sylvestris) springs up near every ravine and in every abandoned field, presenting, from an emimence, the sight of a great palmy plain. A small quantity of iron is smelted at Bagadi and used for agricultural implements. The Taluk suffered, most of any, from the famine which was due to its having been subjected to three years failure of crops instead of two as in other parts of Mysore. 70 There are numerous memorials of the Hoysala Ballala kings at Harnhalli and Arsikere, consisting of deserted temples and large stones covered with inscrip- tions. It formed part of the territory bestowed by the Vijayanagar kings upon Jagat Deva Raya; on the overthrow of whose power it was seized by Timmappa Nayak of Tarikere, in whose family it remained till overrun, together with the neighbouring districts, by Sivappa Nayak of Ikkeri in the 17th century. In 1690 it was incorporated with Mysore by treaty with that State. In the town of Harnhalli, the former Head-quarters of the taluk, is a fort, said to have been erected in 1070 by Somesvara Raya, who must have been one of the Chalukya kings. The large Nagati tank was named after his daughter. There are several temples, partly in ruins, and other monuments, without the fort walls, which indicate the existence of a large city in former times. The inscrip- © tions that are legible, belong to the Hoysala Ballala rule. The town may revive to some of its ancient importance should the ancient gold mines in the vicinity be again worked, as now in Colar. The hills close by, are called the Hirikal gudda or the diamond hills, There is no questioning the fact that there is much mineral wealth in the country, which has, yet to be developed for the great good of the inhabitants, as well as of the State. Sunpay, 10¢4 January 1886, South West to Hassan. The Royal party left before sunrise with the team for Hassan, a distance of 26 miles, passing up a small ghaut beyond Harnhalli. So much raised is the country around Hassan that a little beyond the ghaut the range of hills at Arsi- kere is no longer visible. The road was all along studded with pandals, where the villagers were assembled in groups, with their offerings of flowers and fruit. These pandals were simple in style but tastefully got up. Whenever a village was in the proximity of the road, plantain trees with bunches of their fruit; strings covered with the leaves of the mango tree, interspersed with marigold, jessamine and other flowers; banners; ceiling cloths; panchangirayas belonging to village temples ; bunches of tender cocoanuts and of ripe plantains hung from ceilings; were all brought into requisition, to evince the sincere loyalty felt by the rural population. At every place where the villagers were gathered in groups, His ° Highness condescendingly pulled up, graciously received their offerings, and, whenever any one submitted a representation, he made inquiries"in a manner so pleasant and peculiarly his own, that exultation might be seen in every counten- ance which surrounded the august visitor, at having been so patiently listened to. At Dooda, the Amildar of Hassan, the Deputy Amildar and a large number of ryots, | received the Maharajah. Refreshments were prepared in tents pitched near the road and partaken of. After passing Dooda the road passes for miles over a succession of breezy downs along one of which His Highness bowled into Hassan, reaching it at about 11 a.m. At the entrance to the town, near the stone built pond, known as ‘‘ Mongméri (Montgomery’s) Goonta” a neat looking triumphal arch was erected for the Royal cortege to pass under. The Taluk and other officials were all in attendance and offered their respectful salutations. His High- ness was encamped by the side of the casuarina plantation, in the fine park which forms the compound of the Deputy Commissioner’s house.. The arrival here was two days earlier than was fixed in the original programme, one day having been cut short at Jamgal and another at Arsikere. In the afternoon, His Highness and party amused themselves with boat- 71 ing on the Chennapatna tank close by, returning to Camp at about 7 pu. The extensive compound of the buildings the Maharajah occupied, was brilliantly illuminated. Chinese lanterns in tale and tinselled paper were profusely distri- buted and arranged all over the place and added to the beauty of the sight. es ‘ Monpay, 11th January 1886, Camp Hassan. The Maharajah and his staff converted this day into one of absolute rest and nothing particular was done.. In the evening, His Highness was entertained with the performance of some native musicians, who played before him on the Viné, accompanied with singing. One set of these was pronounced to be as good if not better, than any hitherto met with. Turspay, 12th January 1886, Camp Hassan. This morning, His Highness and Suite entered the town through the Commercial Street and visited the various public institutions of the place. His Highness was received at the fine pandal erected by the Bank Directors and afterwards at a similar one, put up by Pensioned Amildar, Hassan Krishnappa. Passing under the Municipal pandal, His Highness alighted at the Government Canarese Boys’ School, where after hearing some recitations by the boys and hold- ing a short viva voce examination in Geography and other subjects, the Maharajah was pleased to distribute the school prizes and presented the boys with twenty-five Rupees to be spent in the purchase of sweetmeat, for their delectation. The next place visited was the Hospital, where Mr. P. 8. Atchuta Rao, u.m.s., Assistant Surgeon in charge, received His Highness and conducted him through the different wards. The operation of cupping a patient was performed in the presence of the Maharajah, who afterwards proceeded to the Sandalwood Kotey or Depot. Mr. Muttappa, Probationary Assistant of the Forest Department, was in waiting and took His Highness over the places where the sandalwood of the various classes were assorted and stacked. Of the superior kinds of the wood, pieces of each, neatly shaped in the form of a book, polished and labelled, were placed on a table for the Maharajah’s inspection. The last place visited was the Hindustani Boys’ School, where recitations were made by some of the boys in Hindustani and Persian. Here also, His Highness gave a present of 15 Rs. for sweetmeat to the boys, and returned to Camp for breakfast, at about 11 a.m. In the evening, His Highness and party proceeded to the Durbar Pandal which was erected in front of the town, near the Devi-kerray tank. This pandal was made to represent a structure two storey’s high. It was surmounted at its summit by a ‘ Kalasa” with four others around it. Flags with the images of Garuda and Hanumantha floated'in the air and all looked gay. The dais was richly decorated and made to appear like a throne of gold set with precious stones. It had a canopy in imitation of the throne on which the Maharajah sits at Mysore, during the Dusserah festival. Just in front of the dais, was a fountain, which played all the while and threw out high jets of water that fell gracefully into the basin, in showers of drops which were prettily reflected by the numerous lights inside the pandal. The chief officials and inhabitants were introduced and Nazars offered as usual. The inhabitants presented a Canarese and Hindustani address enclosed in a rich casket made by Orr and Sons of Madras. The Dewan replied, in Canarese, to the following effect :— 72 ‘* INHABITANTS OF Hassan, ‘“‘ His Highness the Maharajah acknowledges, with pleasure, the address which you have presented and with regard to the points therein referred to, His Highness commands me to give the following reply :— ‘‘ Owing to the effects of the late severe famine, it became necessary to break up the Hassan District and to transfer its Taluks to the Mysore and Kadur Districts. It has however been brought to His Highness’ notice, that this arrange- ment has proved injurious to the improvement of the town of Hassan, and subjects the people to much inconvenience in regard to the disposal of Civil and Criminal cases. Consequently, although the finances of the country have not yet recovered from the effects of the famine, still, in the interests of the public, the Government have resolved to reconstitute the District: this will probably take effect before the close of the current year. “It is not clear, from your address, to what defects in regard to the Devadaya and Bramhadaya Inams you allude. I shall now, however, briefly touch upon the principal measures adopted by the Government with regard to these Inams. 5 . ‘‘ Where temples are dilapidated and poojah ceases, it is but proper that the Inams of such Temples should be resumed. In some places, grants as far as possible from Moozroy Funds are now being made for the repairs of Temples: this will be done in other places also, so far as Funds permit. There can, how- ever, be no doubt as to the restoration of the Inams whenever Temples are repaired and poojah is renewed. “In those cases in which the local limits of minor Inams laid down in Sunnuds cannot be definitely ascertained, one-tenth of the excess over the Beejavari shewn in the sunnuds, discovered during the survey, has been hitherto confirmed ' as Inam, the remainder being brought under assessment. This practice has been modified: one-half of the excess is now confirmed as Inam, the other half alone being assessed. “With a view to remove the inconvenience of the entire jodi village be- coming liable to attachment and sale for the default of any individual Vrittdar to pay his share of jodi, the Revenue Code, which is now about to come into effect, provides for separating the Vritties from one another as may be desired by Vrit- tidars, and for holding.each Vrittidar individually responsible for the amount of jodi due by him. . “Tn this way, you may rest assured that the Government will hereafter, as heretofore, take the needful steps to provide against whatever inconveniences the Inamdars might suffer from. “His Highness is glad that his Tour which is now about to come toa close has greatly contributed to his pleasure: and he desires me to express to one and all of you, his great satisfaction at the loyalty and affection manifested by the people of Hassan and other towns in this part of the country.” As soon as the Dewan had done speaking showers of gold and silver flowers mixed with jessamine were thrown on the Maharajah. The road from Camp to the Durbar Pandal, as well as the Devi-kerray tank, were illuminated A. NARASIMIENGAR, Durpar Baxsut. Born 1844; Educated in the Maharajah’s School, Mysore; entered the Mysore Service November 1864; appointed Tutor to His Highness the Maha- rajah, 18th May 1870; received thanks of the Governor-General in Council, 27th May 1871; appointed Manager of His Highness’ Household, 1875 ; Origi- nator and Chief Director of the Maharanee’s Girls’ School at Mysore and pro- moter of Native Histrionic Art; appointed Durbar Bakshi 1886. ge C 83 Fred. Ahrlé, Photegrapher. ; ; : a : 3 : and, at the conclusion of’ thé Duibar, there. was a display of fireworks. The temples with their back ground oftrees and. palms, the stone reservoir and small park in front, and the groups of picturesquely dressed natives in the foreground, made up quite a fairy scene. ie e WEDNESDAY, 13¢h January 1886, Camp Hassan. The Wesleyan Mission Girls’ Orphanage, under the Reverend D. A. Rees, was visited this morning by His Highness and his Staff. There are about 120 Orphan Girls at the institution, all saved from the Famine of 1877. In addition to being taught Canarese, instruction is imparted in agriculture, knitting and flanrel- shirt making. The Maharajah purchased several knitted woollen ciips, shirts, &c. A poem, specially composed in Canarese for the occasion by the Reverend gentle- man, was well sung by the children. Mr. Rees, gave a short account of the working of the school and the Dewan made the following speech :— ‘Mr. Rees.—It has given His Highness great pleasure to pay this visit to the Orphanage under your charge. The very tidy appearance of «the orphan girls assembled. here, testifies to the very great’ care with which they have been brought up, and His Highness is much gratified to find that the training given to them here is such as will make them useful members of the agricultural and indus- trial community. _ * The Government are under deep obligation to the Wesleyan Mission for so readily coming forward to offer an asylum for the numerous orphan children bequeathed to them by the late famine, and His Highness takes this opportunity to thank. you and other members of the Mission for the highly commendable humanity which has characterized their treatment of the orphans under their charge and which has been so well sustained for a long series of years. The quéstioh, as to the mode and amount of help which should be continued to the various Mis- sionary bodies who have charge of Famine Orphans, is now engaging the attention of His Highness’ Government, and it is hoped that some satisfactory decision will be arrived at as soon after our return to Bangalore as possible.” When leaving the Orphanage, His Highness presented the Girls’ with fifty - ‘Rupees, to be spent in giving them a treat, and went on to the Wesleyan Mission Vernacular Girls’ School in the town, passing beneath a pandal built by the Munsiff, Mr. Budan Sheriff, in front of his house. At this school, about one ‘hundred girls were present, to whom the Maharajah distributed their school prizes, after which, the Dewan said:— , ‘‘ Rey. Srr.—His Highness has asked me to’ tell you that he is highly ~. gratified to find a Girls’ School in this part of His dominions, established under the auspices of the Wesleyan Mission. It is in accord with the traditions of this Mission who are the Pioneers of education in Mysore, that they should be leaders of female education in such remote parts of the Province. ‘‘ His Highness wishes this Institution every prosperity, and directs me to call upon Mr. Narasimiengar, who has taken such great interest in the cause of female education, to address a few words of encouragement to the Girls of this School.” _ Mr. Naragimiengar then addressed the Girls in his usual practical way, 4 , advising them, while acquiring book knowledge, not to fail to attend -to their household and domestic duties, and thereby prove to their neighbours and ‘friends, that the acquisition of knowledge in no way obstructed their usefulness as daughters and wives in their respective homes. The Royal party proceeded passing under Sura Chetty’s pandal to the Government High School. Mr. J. Arbuthnot, . a., the Head Master, received the Maharajah, and read the Report for the two years 1883-84 and 1884-85, after which, prizes were distributed, recitations were made by some of the pupils, and a few experiments in practical chemistry were demonstrated. The Dewan rose and made the following speech :— ‘‘SrupENTS OF THE Hassan HicuH ScHoou. ‘‘ His Highness asks me to tell you, that he is very glad to find that during the past two years you have been making some effort to redeem the reputation of your School. The example of the old students of this School, who receiving their education here have attained high academical honors elsewhere and who occupy important positions in life, should be a strong incentive to you for sustained. application in the prosecution of your studies. ‘What is taught in the School can go but a small way towards your education, unless it be largely supplemented by your own private studies in your homes. What is taught by your masters is probably readily learned by you, but you as readily forget it also. On the other hand, what you learn by your own individual unaided exertion makes a far stronger and more lasting impression upon you. His Highness has been told, that your physical education is somewhat neglected owing to want of funds for the maintenance of your Gymnasium and for the: purchase of Cricket and other materials: His Highness has been pleased therefore, you will be glad to hear, to make you a present of Rs, 100 for the improvement of your Gymnasium and for the purchase of Cricket and other materials,” 4 Mr. Arbuthnot then called upon the students to give three hearty cheers: in honor of His Highness’ visit to the Hassan High School, which was responded to, followed by three cheers for the Dewan, and three more for the Ladies who were present. His Highness returned to Camp at 12 aM., and after breakfast at 2 p.m. witnessed the High School Sports which came off, in the spacious grounds ‘of the Maharajah’s residence. The chatty race, donkey race, greased pole and other feats were gone through, affording much amusement to all. Dr. Benson, as usual, took a lively interest in the juvenile gathering and personally helped in arranging the events and seeing them carried out. Later on, at about 4 past 8 p.m. the Maharajah went in procession, on elephants, through the town. The procession passed by Commercial Street, the Police Station, Keshava Dévaru’s and Hassan Kd4mana’s temples, the Taluk Cutcherry, Cotton Pettah, and Silledar Lines, homewards. ‘The streets of the town, Mr. Arbuthnot’s house, the School house, the Assistant Engineer’s office, the Roman Catholic Chapel and the Devi-kerray tank were all tastefully and brilliantly illomi- nated. Transparencies with the ,words:—“ WE are. nappy,” “Wa ARE MERRY,” . “(WE ARE JOLLY,” were exhibited in three different places. During the-procession, | V5. His Highness: graciously halted at the different pandals and received offerings of flowers from His loyal subjects. The Maharajah’s condescension was most. gratifying ‘to the people and especially to those who had gone to the expense and trouble of-erecting pandals in honour of the Royal visit. Good as the several illuminations which have been enumerated were, that in the compound of the house the Maharajah put up in was superb. Rows ef lights in lengths of 4 or 500 yards, with stars and arches at intervals were all lit up, shewing to advantage in the dark sky behind them. His Highness,seemed greatly pleased. Altogether, it was estimated that there were not less than from twenty to thirty thousand lights, and the proceedings of the day terminated by the return of the procession to Camp at:about 3 past 10 P. M. Tt must not be omitted to notice that during the procession, His High- ness halted awhile under the lofty and handsome pandal built by the Amildar H. R. Srinivasa Rao, just opposite his house. Tall posts of areca nut were used, the spaces between them being filled with arches of Mahomedan architecture lined with purple and gold fringes and illuminated with Chinese lanterns. Flowers ‘made in gold paper, banners of gay colours and an inscription blessing the Maha- rajah for promising to restore the District were among the decorations. A high platform was raised, on which were assembled rows of well-dressed young brahmin married girls (Soomangalis, in Canarese).all adorned with jewels, with brass trays in their hands; each tray containing coloured rice and water and a tiny light ‘ burning at the end. These trays were gracefully waved and while so doing, the maidens sang verses in praise of their Royal visitor. This purely Hindu ceremony is called “ Art.” It is said to have been performed to Krishna at Hastinapura (Delhi) aud to Hindu conquerors whenever they returned from the battlefield, flushed with victory. Hassan is the chief town of the District (which has been reconstituted since His Highness’ last visit there), 114 miles west of Bangalore. The original town was at the adjacent village of Chennapatna. This was founded in the 10th century by Bukkana or Bukka Nayak, said to be an officer despatched by the Chola king to put down the depredations committed by neighbouring petty. chieftains. In this enterprise he ‘succeeded so well that he received permission to erect a fort and pettah on the site of his encampment. He named the place Chennapatna, the handsome city, and made the large tank between it and Hassan. After a prosper- ous rule of 43 years Bukka Nayak died, and was succeeded by his son Buchi Nayak, who after six years was followed by his son Chennappa Nayak, and he after 45 years by his son Biicha Nayak. The latter died after 50 years without leaving male issue. ; Chennapatna was then conferred by the Ballala kings on Sanjiva Krish- nappa Nayak. On one occasion, a hare which he had started took to the town and entered the gates. While in great distress at this bad omen, Hdsin-amma, the smiling goddess, appeared to him, and directed him to build a fort on the spot whence the hare had started, and where he would find her image. This he did and named the place Hdsana after her. The present town therefore dates from the end of the 12th century. . The, sthala purana derives its name from a contrac- tion of Simhdsana-pura, and hither Janaméjaya is said to have come. The town contains some old temples of no architectural value, including one belonging to the Jains a numberof whom reside in the town and are among the most respectable of its inhabitants. 76 The Duke of Wellington when passing through Hassan, on his way to suppress the Manjarabad insurrection after the fall of Seringapatam, was so much: struck with its beautiful and healthy situation and the adaptability of the champagne country around for Military manceuvres, that he wrote a long minute, recommending the removal of the troops from Seringapatam there instead of to Bangalore, but the latter place was preferred from its proximity to Madras. It only wants a Railway to make its fine climate which is cooler than that of Bangalore fully known and appreciated. The place itself with its rich red soil, umbrageous trees, villa-houses, &c., has all the appearance of some neat English village and was greatly improved under the administration of Captain, now Colonel Hill, who for 13 years was its District Officer. He secured for it an abundant water-supply, levelled the walls of the fort and carried out a complete drainage scheme. Sir Richard Meade in one of his tours was so delighted with Hassan that he stopped a whole month there, and the Rajah himself, though he had just passed through much more beautiful scenery, observed that the spot had a charm for him he could not describe, and he enjoyed his short stay there more than anywhere else during his tour. When made more easily accessible, he may be induced to re-visit it again. The Yagache flows through the west of the Hassan Taluk and receives most of the small streams, but a considerable water-course, running down through the east to the Hemavati, forms a chain of numerous tanks. The Yagache is dammed near Hassan, and supplies the Halvagal channel, 33 miles long. It is proposed to extend it for 4 miles further. In the north is a group of hills called Sige gudda, There are some low hills on the south, separating the taluk from Arkalgud and Narsipur. Hassan is the carrying taluk for the coffee districts which border it on the west, and supplies nearly all the carts required in this and the Kadur District. There is much good pasturage, and it is estimated that the large Sige gudda kdval, belonging to the Amrit Mahal, (Public Cattle Department) will provide grazing for 2,500 head of cattle and would form magnificent ground for breeding orses. The taluk was included ‘successively in the Chalukya and Ballala dominions. According to Ferishta it was held by the Mahomedans for some time after the taking of Halibede. It afterwards formed part of Balam and shared the fortunes of that province. It was incorporated with Mysore in 1690 by treaty with Ikkeri. The Bangalore-Mangalore trunk road by the Manjarabad ghat runs. through Hassan, and from this town there are roads north-west to Belur, north to Harnhalli—with a branch north-east to Tiptur—, south-west to Kodlipet in Coorg south to Arkalgud, and south-east to Narsipur. t THurspay, 14th January 1886, South East to Chanrayapatna. At daybreak, the Maharajah, after expressing to Mr. T. Ananda Rao the Sub-Division Officer (since made Deputy Commissioner), the satisfaction he felt at his reception in Hassan, left with his team for Chanrayapatna, 4 distance of twenty- three miles. His Highness first drew rein at Grama, the Head-quarters of the Deputy Amildar, Narasima Murti Row, who was in waiting with a large number View of the Fort at the Chenrayapatna. Bangalore. Orr & Barton, Photographers, 77 of people, all of whom presented their loyal offerings. Brahmin maidens held the Arti in their hands and sang verses before their young sovereign. The latter part of the road beyond Dindiganhalli was uninteresting, having been carried for miles along a high stony ridge away from villages in order to avoid expense in its original constructiqg. These barren ridges which are common to the taluk form however good gathering grounds for tanks, some of which are of great capacity. On the frontier of the Chanrayapatna taluk, His Highness was met by the Sub- Division Officer, of the French: Rocks, Mr. B. Tirumalachari B.L., the Amildar, and the principal Taluk officials and inhabitants; and Chanrayapatna was reached at 3 past 9 P.M. - a In the evening, His Highness went through the town, in procession on ~ elephants.. The streets were all illuminated. Between the town and the old Fort stood the Durbar pandal, where the Maharajah alighted and took his seat on the dais, After the usual introductions and offerings of Nazars, the inhabitants pre-. dented an address of welcome in Canarese, to which the Dewan, replied in the ‘game language, to the following effect -— : = 8 © INWABITANTS OF THE CHANRAYAPATNA TALUK, “" & Hig Highness the Maharajah has heard the loyal address you presented ' to him and with.reference to the points touched in the address, he commands me ‘to say as follows :— \ ““ Up to the present time, two lines of Railway have been completed and opened: one from Mysore to Bangalore and the other from Bangalore to Gubbi. %he extensign of the latter line to Harihar is under consideration ; it is likely to be completed in two or three years time. When thisis done, the people of this Taluk also would reap the advantages of such an extension ; but it is not possible now to. opéh a line from the French Rocks to Arsikere, in accordance with your request. -The” construction of a Railway involves the outlay of large sums of money; each mile costs, between 40 and 50,000 Rupees. The formation of a costly Railway-line is justifiable only when it is capable of yielding ample returns. The line of Rail- way you ask for is not likely to yield even 4 per cent. on the outlay, hence there is no inducement to undertake such a work for the present. With the further developments of trade, it is possible that at some future time, and under different circumstances, your wish may be fulfilled. ‘‘ His Highness is very anxious to increase the number of irrigation channels as they contribute most to the prosperity of Maidan Taluks like Chan- rayapatna which have suffered much from the effects of the last famine. Inquiries will therefore be made in the P. W. D. regarding the feasibility and advantages of extending the northern arm of the Sreeramdevaru channel and if it should be found that compliance with this your request is practicable and advantageous, an estimate will be prepared and sanctioned, and the work will be started early. - ‘‘ His Highness the Maharajah is very glad to find that his subjects in this part of the Province are contented and happy.” The Maharajah and suite then returned to Camp and the proceedings of the day were brought to an end. Chanrayapatnagis a town situated on the Bangalore-Hassan road, and 23 78 miles from Hassan. It is the Head-quarters of the Taluk bearing the same name and a Municipality. The population consists of about 2,700 souls, of whom 1,250 are Hindus, 20 Jains, and the rest are Mahomedans. The last mentioned class earn their livelihood mostly by cultivating silk and manufacturing it into purses, cords and tassels, which are largely used throughout the province of Mysore. The town was originally called Kolatur, and consisted only of an agrahdra.* Machala Dévi and Santala Dévi, two dancing girls, built the largé tank on the north-east. About the year 1600, Lakshmappa Nayak, the chief of Narsipur, took the place from Puttagirija the Hebbar, and bestowed it as a jaghir. on his own son Channa Raya whom he had obtained by favour of the god Channa Réyaswami, a name of Vishnu. To this deity a temple was erected, and the town was called Channardyapatna or Chennardyapatna. ™ The fort was built by a chief named Dodda Basavaiya, and when, captured by Chama Raja Wadeyar of Mysore in 1633, was in possession of the chief of Narsipur. It stood a long siege of two years and was captured only by treachery. It was subsequently re-built by Hyder Ali, with a wet moat and traverse gateways, having suffered much in repeated attacks from the Mahrattas, The fort is still in good preservation and as a Military work possesses interest to Military men. Fag , The Taluk drains southwards to the Hemavati, and contains many large tanks. A few small streams in the north run east to the Naga, a feeder of the Shimsha (Tumkur District). It is a generally open and well cultivated country, There are no hills save the isolated peaks at the Jain settlement of Srdvan Belgola. The soil is mostly fertile and produces the usual wet and dry crops,’ but to the north-east is generally shallow and very stony. The taluk suffered much during the famine being 7th on the list of those which were most depopulated.’ Largé numbers of coolies visit Coorg, Wynaad and the Neilgherries yearly, and return.to their homes with their earnings. They are to be met with also in Ceylon and in - distant Bombay, where they find employment at high wages as gardeners and horsekeepers. ‘ The Bangalore-Hassan and Seringapatam-Shimoga roads cross ‘at Chan- raypatna, whence there are cross roads to Narsipur, to Sravan Belgola and to Nuggihalli. From this place there is a road also to-Hires4ve on the trunk road. Nuggihalli from being the centre of the taluk has claims to be made the Head quarters of the taluk. It has an interesting temple and resembles Hassan in size and appearance, with good houses which are the residences of the Hebbar Brahmins some of whom have risen to posts of high distinction under the Mysore Govern- ment. ‘The time of the Rajah being limited, he was unable to visit it. Fripay, 15th January 1886, East to Srdvan Belgola. This morning the Maharajah drove all the way to Sravan-Belgola, a distance of 9 miles, and arrived there at 8 a.m. The Camp was pitched outside the village, at the foot of the hill. In the afternoon, His Highness and Suite ascended the hill, one of the superb granite blocks for which Mysore is remarkable, known by the name of Chandrabetta, or the mountain of the moon. It is diffi- cult of ascent, owing to the slippery nature of the rock, but is of no great height, * A village held by Brahmins on a favorable tenure. “e10pesueg =| ‘sroydvisojoyg ‘uojeg 7 WO Webi id Ty se Si8 new . “ bg The: Maharajah mede the agcertt bythe flight’ of* steps cut out in the réek and reached the temple, which‘ is situated op the summit of the hill. ‘There are several flights of. steps cut out. near fhe summit, made use of by devotees, who pass under sniall gateways, whick:are put up at. certain Tatas, on the stone » surface. In the‘cegtre “of the enclosure formiig the sacred ‘precincts, towers up ? the colossal:étatue of Gomiatéshwara, one of the Jain Saints.” ce 8 8 _. His Highness was’ received by the Jain High Priest and his assistants, “who performed certain religious ceremonies and took their Royal visitor over the surroundings of thts famjous temple, from which, with the help of a telescope} the Maharajah had a clear view of the Chamandi, Hill at Mysore. _ On desceriding’the hill, the Maharajah visited the Jain Mutt, where he® was met py the Guru and after exchanging salutations and receiving priestly bless+ ings, Hig. Highness went in procession through the town, which was decorated and 5 ilinminated. “Eyiumphal arches were erected opposite the residence of each ofthe” principal Merchants. The Maharajah alighted at Sowcar Burmannah’s arch, whet" parlands offlowers, attar and pan were offered, after which, the squage stone bug tank ‘or “ teppagolum,” which was prettily illuminated, was visited. His Highné - and party were poled over the water in a raft which had been specially prepares for the octasion: ‘and after witnessing some fireworks, the Maharajah returned: ‘to Camp at about 10 o’clock p.m, ee ge sy ae : According’ to the tradition of the Jains, Bhadra Bahu, one of, the shutii’ devali, as thé;itiimediate successors of the six personal disciples of their fourider Vardhaména or‘Mahdavira are called, died here in a cave on Indra Betta, while: leading an emigration to the south from Ujjani, to escape a dreadful famine of* 12 years’ duration, which he had prognosticated. He is said to have been‘agcomié Z a ha é panied, as his chief attendant, by the, celebrated emperor Chandragupta, who : «abdicated the throne and adopted the life of a hermit. These events, which’are’ ‘borne out by xock inscriptions of great antiquity, though without a date, must’ bee — assigned to about the fourth century B. C. The grandson of Chandragupta, jit said, paid a visit to the spot with an army, out of whose encampment arose th¢.; “town of Sravana Belgola or Belgola of the Sravans, i.e., the Jains. mg o te a et aa The gigantic statue was erected, as inscribed at its foot, by Chamithda Raya. Who he was and when he lived are questions involved in sone: obscurity. Tradition places him about 60 B: C. The surrounding enclosures wert; erected, as also inscribed at the foot of the statue, by Ganga Raya. The imagepis nude and stands erect facing the north, being visible for many miles round the: country. The face has the serene expression generally seen on Buddhist statues ; the hair is curled in short spiral ringlets all over the head, while the ears are long and large. The figure is treated conventionally, the shoulders being very broad, the arms hanging straight down the sides with the thumbs turned outwards, the waist small, From thepknee downwards the legs are somewhat dwarfed. The fees are placed on the figure of a lotus. Representations of ant-hills rise on either side, with figures of a creeping plant springing #rom them, which twines over the thighs and the arms, terminating in a tendril with bunches of fruit. These symbolise the complete spiritual abstraction of a vat, absorbed and motionless . during his long period. of penance. sae Re means elegant, the image is not wanting in majestic and impressive gran@®ur. It was probably cut out of a rock which projected high above, the ball, orethe top of the hill itself may have 80 " been cut.away. The figure has no support above the thighs, ;.Though certaihly a thousand-'years old, and it may be two, the stone looks as fresh as if newly ‘quarried. Within the:enclosure arquiid are 72 small statues of a similar descrip- tion in compartments. : *. ee That Sravan Belgola was an acknowledged seat of learning in early times, °, is proved from the fact that a priestfrom there, named Akalanka Bhatta, was in 788 summoned to the court of- Hemasitala* at Kanchi, where having confuted the Buddhists in public disputation, he was instrumental in gaining their expulsion from the south of India to Ceylon. The temple was subsequently endowed by Narasimha and other Ballala kings, but at. the time of the conversion of Vishnu Vardhana to the Vaishnava faith by .the reformer. Ramdnujachdri, the Jains “suffered much persecution. Their influence at court however enabled“them to _. bring about a compromise which resulted, it is said, in a declaration that certain _ points of doctrine were common to both the Jains and the Vaishnavas. The Jain establishment, in common with others, was shorn of many of its privileges and * emoluments by Tippu Sultan, and is now in a ‘reduced condition. The place - ‘abounds in inscriptions, the most interesting of which are those cut inthe face of the rock on Indra Betta, in ancient characters ‘a foot long. = * Fergusson gives an interesting account of Jain architecture which is well worthy of being reproduced here. He says :—“‘ The first peculiarity that strikes one as distinguishing: the Jaina architecture of the south from that of the north, is the division of the- southern temples into two classes, called Bastis and Bettus. The former are temples in the usual acceptance of the word, as understodd in the north, and, as there, always containing an image of one of the twenty-four Tirthankars, which is the object there worshipped. The latter are unknown in the north; and are courtyards open to the sky and containing images, not of a Tirthankar, but.of a Gdmati or Gdmata Raja so called, though who ‘he ‘was, and why worshipped, no one seems exactly to know. He is not known to the Jains in . the north. All the images on the rock at Gualior are: of one or other of the Tir- thankars, and even the Ulwar colossus, Nan Giingi, can hardly be identified with _ these southern images. It looks almost. as if some vague tradition of Gautama ’ Buddha the prince, as distinguished from Mahavira the last. of the Tirthankars}. . and who is said to have been his preceptor, had in late times penetrated to the. . south, and given rise to this peculiar form. Be this, however, as it may, the images of this king or Jaina saint are among the most remarkable works of native, art in the south of India. Three of them are known, and have long’ been known to Europeans, and it is doubtful if any more exist. They are too remark- - Jable objects not to attract the attention of even the most indifferent Saxon. That ,',at Sravana Belgola attracted the attention of the late Duke of Wellington when, “as Sir A. Wellesley, he commanded a diyision at the siege of Seringapatam. He, like all those who followed him, was astonished at the amount of labour such a work must have entailed, and puzzled to know whether it was a part of the hill or had been moved to the spot where it now stands. The former is the more probable theory. The hill called Indra Giri is one mass of granite about 400 ft in height, and probably had a mass or Tor standing on its summit—either a part of the subjacent mass or lying on it This the Jains undertook to fashion into a statue. *70 ft. 3 in. in height, and have achieved it with marvellous success. The task of carving a rock standing in its place the Hindu mind never would have shrunk - * Mr. Bowring had the statue measured and found it to be only 57 feet high. ate .% pv 81 from, had it even been twice the size; but to maye such a mass up,the steep smooth side of the hill seems a labour beyond their power,,even with ‘all their skill in concentrating masses of men on a single point... Whether, however, the rock was found in situ ot was moved, nothifg grander:dr more imposing exists anywhere out ’of S@gypt, and even there no ‘known. statue surpasses it in “height, though, it must be confessed, they do excel it in the perfection of art they exhibit. ° oS The image at Karkala which is next—its size being 41 ft. 5 in. in height, and weighs about 80 ton was thoved certamly.to the place where it now stands, and its date luckily is engraved upon it, a..D. 1432, and itis so like that at Belgola, that there can hardly be much difference between their ages. The third at Yanndr is smaller, about 35, ft. high apparently, but from the style of art in which it is executed it is probably the oldest of the three. at The principal group of the Bastis of the Jains, at present. known at least, above the Ghats, is that at Sravana Belgola. There are there two hills—the Indragiri, on whose summit the colossal image just described stands, and dominates the plain. Ona shoulder of the other, called Chandragiri, stand the Bastis, fifteen in number.. As might be expected. from their situation, they are all of the Dravidian style of architecture, and are consequently built in gradually receding storeys, each of which is ornamented with small simulated.cells. No instance occurs among them of the curvilinear sikra or spire, which is universal with the northern Jains, except in the instance of Ellora above alluded to. _, It may bea vain speculation, but it seems impossible to‘look at these ‘temples and not be struck with their resemblance to the temples of southern Baby- lonia. The same division into storeys, with their cells; the backward position of the temple itself; the panelled or pilastered basement, are all points of resemblance it seems difficult to regard as purely accidental. The distance of time would seem to bar such an idea, but the combinations of men with bulls and lions, and the many similarities between the Pantheons of Babylonia and India, render the fact of the architecture of the one country influencing that of the other, far from being ‘impossible, though by some it may be considered improbable, I have long trie to shake, off the idea as an untenable hypothesis, but every time I return to the, study of the subject, its likelihood recurs with increasing strength. Its verifica- tion, however, or refutation, must depend on our possessing greater knowledge of the subject than we do at present.” Mr. Bowring gives the following additional particulars regarding this very interesting and ancient place. He says :—“ The statue is in puris naturalibus, but the feet stand. on a carved resting place, fashioned somewhat in the shape of a -sandal, but quite flat.. On either side. of the statue are blocks of stone, over which. also creep trees similar, to that which issues frgm between the legs, while there are four inscriptions of a. few lines each at the base of the stones. A platform was. specially erected to ascertain the exact height of the statue, which was found to be 57 feet, and not 70 feet, as generally supposed, ‘‘ Within the enclosure ornamented by this grand figure, are seventy-two smaller statues, ranged at intervals in compartments on three sides of the. square. These represent the various personifications of the J ain diety, which are twenty- four in number, and there is therefore ng repetition among them, nor do tlie 82 figures, which are alniost all in an erect attitude, differ greatly from one another, except that each of the twenty-four personifications has its own vdhana, or vehicle, on which it stands, The great statue was erected in the time of the Beldl kings, and, itis said, by Jakanachari, but this is mere surmise, and it is probably anterior to this period ; Colonel Mackenzie assigns as early a date to it as 1121. “¢ Adjoining Chandrabetta, is another craggy hill called Indrabetta, where are some pretty temples and a picturesque pillar (dipdan). The high priest of the Jains resides at Sravan Belgul, but though reported to be learned, he is not a celibate, and is therefore not much respected by his flock. The town is noted for its brass vessels of all kinds, which are manufactured in thousands, and sent to all parts of the country.” - Saturpay, 16¢h January 1886, North-east to Hiresavé. His Highness accompanied by a few others of his party rode across country, to Hiresayé, a large village, 14 miles distant by the regular road and containing a travellers’ bungalow, which was prepared for the Maharajah’s recep- tion. Large numbers of people from the neighbouring village had. assembled to pay their homage. His Highness proceeded on foot and inspected the village and - tank, making inquiries as to the condition of the people and the sanitation of the place. Nothing further of any importance took place here. Some fireworks brought from Chanrayapatna to which Taluq this village’’belongs, were let off at night and seemed greatly to interest and amuse the villagers. Numbers of sheep were penned in the fields close by, and the shepherds were seen watching their flocks by night. They are frequently attacked by wolves which commit great ravages. Sunpay, 17th Famuary 1886. ' South East to Kunigal. . The next stage was Kunigal, a town 33 miles distant from Hiresavé. His Highness drove his team the whole way, past Nelligeri, where there is a fine bridge and large chattrum. The road being in excellent order, the Maharajah reached his destination at 10 a.m. Colonel A. C. Hay, Military Secretary, Major -A. H. Macintire Deputy Commissioner, and other officials were all in waiting to receive His Highness. In the evening, the Maharajah visited the stud: farm and paddocks, and inspected the stallions and brood mares. On His Highness’ return to Camp, he was amused with the attempts made by a native who professed to be well versed in the dual arts of Legerdemain and Snake charming and who was engaged by a local official as a special artist, but although the poor man did his bést, much cannot be said in praise of his skill or attainments, which, on the whole proved to be of an inferior order, such as are exhibited:‘in the streets of native bazaars. ee Monpay, 18¢h January 1886, Camp Kunigal. In the morning His Highness went out for a ride, accompanied on horseback by Colonel Hay, Major Macintire, Prince Subramanya and Bakshi Busapaji Urs. In the evening the Maharajah sat in the Durbar Pandal which was erected in front of the old Fort. After the usual introduction and Nazars. the Tahabitants presented an address in English, to which the Dewan replied to the ' effect, that the address which contained such expressions of welcome and loyalty 83 had given His Highness great pleasure, and that he was glad to be able to visit this place a second time. ..The Maharajah then proceeded to the stud farm, where all the colts were let loose in th different paddocks and disported themselves to the great satisfaction of their Royal Visitor, and his suite. The sight was very interesting, the more so to His Highness, who is well known to be a real lover of horse- tee Leaving the stud farm the Maharajah drove by the large tank and returned to Camp. — 1 .Kunigal is a town 22 miles South of Tumkur, on the Bangalore-Hassan Road. There are cross roads to Tumkur and oid Huliyurdurga, to Maddur. It is the Head-quarters of the Kunigal taluk and a Municipality. It is inhabited by about 2,700 Ifindus, 700 Mahomedans and.50 Christians. The derivation of the name is said to be Kuni-gallu, dancing stone, Siva having danced here. Three streams rising in Sivaganga, whose names are Nalini, N4gini and Kamala, are said here to unite their waters. Their virtue is such that a king from the north, named. Nriga Chakravarti, is said to have been cured of leprosy by bathing in them, and to have constructed the large tank in consequence. A party of seven Lipi jégis, it is said, subsequently came froni the Himalayas and obtained a large treasure from the bed ofthe tank after killing the seven headed serpent which guarded it. The foundation of the fort is attributed to Vira Kambala Raya in 1290. It afterwards came into the possession of the Magadi chief, who enlarged the town and fort. Owing to a low type of fever, the place has latterly been very unhealthy. It.contains an important establishment for the breeding of horses, for, the Mysore Siledars, which is now under the charge of Colonel Hay. It has oné of, the finest tanks to be found in Mysore with a large spread of cultivation below: it. The cultivation of silk afforded formerly a suitable means of livelihood for the Mahomedans in the neighbourhood, but as in Maddur and other places the enter- prise is much depressed, owing to disease among the insects after a third propaga- - tion. The silk of Mysore is of: rather coarse texture and is not much exported ; but is used largely in the Pettah of Bangalore in the manufacture of native silk’ » cloths, which are of neat patterns and of some value. The eggs are said to hayé “been introduced first into Mysore from China by Tippoo Sultan. The Shimsha runs along the western border and through a small portion of the south of the taluk. From the large tank at:Kunigal it receives a stream called the Nagini. The country around Huliyurdurga, and between that’ place and Kunigal, is very hilly and jungly, the ground being rocky and barren. To the northward the soil is fertile and well cultivated. e * Twuspay, 19¢h January . 1886, East to Bangalore. °: His Highness drove to Nélamangala, a distance of 27 miles from Kunigal, , and rested there for about two hours. The town was decorated and a fine Durbar pandal was erected for the occasion. ‘The Maharajah with his suite took his seat on the dais. The chief Officials of the Taluk -were introduced, Nazars offered, and two addresses ‘in Canarese-and Hindustani were presented. To these latter, the Dewan made brief but suitable replies., Nelamangala is a town 17 miles North-west of Bangalore. It is the Head-quarters of the Nelamangala Taluk and a Municipality. The populgtion = 84 consists of about 3,500 Hindus and 700 Mahomedans. A fair is held on Fridays”. and attended by about 2,500 people. On or near the site of Nelaniangala formerly’ stood a large city to which tradition gives the name of Bhumandana. It is said tg. have been founded by Sumati, son of Hemachandra, king of Karnatake, whose capital was Yadupatna. Having succeeded in an expedition against a robber chief at Devaraydurga, he took up his residence at Bhumandana for the security of that part of his father’s dominions.. The subsequent history is not known, but it appears to have been transferred to the Mysore Rajas along with Tyamagondal at the time when Bangalore was purchased from the Mogul General Khasim Khan. This was in 1687, oe The Royal party then proceeded to the Golhulli Railway Station, 4 miles distant from Nelamangala and 16 miles frorn Bangalore. The Maharajah breakfasted here, after which he entered His saloon carriage, attached to the Special train of the Bangalore-Gubbi Railway which was in waiting and reached Bangalore at 5 p.m. The Railway platform of the City Station was taste- fully decorated and a large number of Officials, both European and Native, as well as Civil and Military Officers of the Garrison and members of the Town and Station Municipalities were present and received the Maharajah, eongratulat- ing him on his safe arrival after an_ absence of about’eight weeks.’ His Highness shook hands with several of the Eurdpean gentlemen, bowed gracefully to the Native gentlemen and after a little conversation drove away to His palace. A salute of twenty-one guns was fired by the Royal Artillery and guards of honor of the Silladar Horse and Barr Infantry were in attendance. Garlands of flowers were presented to the Maharajah and bouquets were handed to each of the gentle- men who had come to receive His Highness. It was remarked by all that His Highness, although a little bronzed from exposure, looked the picture of ruddy good health, and as usual after such a trip had benefitted not only in health but in good spirits. This tour with its varied scenes, afforded much satisfaction to His Highness and to his loyal subjects. It is hoped that this account of it will afford the same to those, who were unable to take part therein, and'are among His Highness’ numerous well-wishers. 4 INDEX | sHOwia DATES AND NAMES OF PLACES WHICH WERE VISITED DURING THE TOUR. a4 = ‘0 oe Friday 27th Hiseubae 1885, eae North-West to ARKALGUD Saturday 28th . Sunday 29th Monday 30th ‘Tuesday 1st December "1885 Wednesday 2nd Thursday 3rd Friday 4th Saturday 5th Sunday 6th Monday 7th Tuesday Sth Wednesday 9th Thursday 10th ‘Friday 11th. Saturday 12th Sunday 13th Monday 14th Tuesday 15th | Wednesday 16th Thursday 17th Friday 18th Saturday 19th Sunday 20th Monday 21st Tuesday 22nd Wednesday 28rd Thursday 24th Friday 25th Saturday 26th Sunday 27th Monday 28th Tuesday 29th Wednesday 30th Thursday 31st Friday ist January 1886. Saturday 2nd Sunday 3rd Monday 4th * Tuesday 5th Wednesday 6th Thursday 7th . Friday 8th Saturday 9th Sunday 10th Monday 11th Taveley 12th Wednesday 13th . Thursday 14th Friday 15th Saturday 16th Sunday 17th Monday [8th . Tuesday 19th 22 ord » » » ” 23° ” a? ” North-West to SakLesHPuR Camp North to Mupaurs North to Korrigzuara North-East to Bate Honnur ” Camp 3 North to Korra Camp a ” West to SRINGERI North-West to Acumsr North-East to TrrTHAHULLI Camp West to Kavarepurca oe North-West to Hunan North-West to Nagar Cam North-West to ‘Nacont Camp North to the SHARAVATI RIVER North to Sagar West to Gorszrra Fats Camp is North to Sorap via — Camp . East to SiTkaRPuR Camp South-East to Sautanca South-East to SarmoGca Camp ,, EPI South-East to TarikERE South to Katzatri Cam South to CHICKAMAGALUR Camp Cam South-East to Baur North-East to HaLepip North-East to JAMGAL East to ARSIKERE via BANAVAR Camp South-West. to Hassan Camp ” a ” eed »” ” South-East to CHANRAYAPATNA East to Sravan Bercoa North-East to Hiresave South-East to Konigat Cam: East to Hivaxioas x is ie ae